cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Deane and Cole on Industrialization and Population Change in the Eighteenth Century

and W. A. Cole have made impressive strides along a new path of inquiry into the still unresolved question of the relationship between industrialization and population change in eighteenth-century England. In examining regional variations in the growth and migration of population, they are surely on the right track for finding new evidence, and for formulating and testing new hypotheses about the direction and mechanism of causality which relates population increases and industrial expansion. Deane and Cole advance some very interesting hypotheses, but, to use their own words: "These explanations of the differences in the pattern of demographic evolution in the major industrial counties are largely speculative, and it is not at present possible to check the assumptions on which they are based."2 The purpose of this note is to examine the properties of the statistical technique they use to estimate the amount of population increase in each county which is attributable to migration and how much is due to natural increase. It is then shown that these properties of the statistical technique, rather than the body of data which is worked over by the technique, help to generate the intriguing result of Deane and Cole's work-lthat the bulk of population increase in the industrial counties commonly associated with the Industrial Revolution came from natural increase rather than from migration. It is not the defects in the underlying statistics which are the object of concern in this note, if by statistics Deane and Cole mean the raw data which they use. Rather, it is the statistical technique which they use to work the raw data into usable form which is called into question. I The raw data which Deane and Cole have for each county are estimates of baptisms, marriages, and burials as recorded for each parish in response to census inquiries. These exist for i699-I70i and I749-5I, to give benchmark figures for
Order-Preserving Shock Models

To date, research in shock models has been primarily concerned with the classpreserving properties of certain shock and damage kernels. This article focuses on the order-preserving properties of those kernels. We show that they preserve stochastic ordering, hazard rate ordering, backward hazard rate ordering, and likelihood ratio ordering.
Developmental and Individual Differences in Children's Ability to Distinguish Reality from Fantasy:

The present study focuses on children's developing ability to categorize real and pretend events, their understanding regarding the permanence of the state of pretense, and the potential effects that emotional tones have on these abilities. Children's involvement in imagination was also assessed as a possible factor contributing to individual differences in reality/fantasy understanding. Sixty male and female children selected from university preschool and kindergarten classes judged happy, neutral, and frightening pictures selected from children's books according to whether they believed that the event could happen in real life. Findings show that kindergartners perform significantly better than preschoolers in distinguishing real from pretend events. Overall, children made significantly fewer correct distinctions between reality and fantasy for the frightening pictures than for both the happy and neutral pictures. Individual difference analyses between children judged to be differentially involved in fa...
Ethnicity and Soviet Television News

The approximately 130 different ethnic groups and languages that comprise the Soviet Union create an imposing challenge to television broadcasting. To some extent the needs of the various populations vis-a-vis the state are supposed to be reflected in the structure of the broadcasting system. But the increased political activity and incidents surrounding the demands of some ethnic groups have drawn critical attention to these groups' representation on national television news. This article reports an empirical study of these issues.
Syntax-based alignment of multiple translations: extracting paraphrases and generating new sentences

We describe a syntax-based algorithm that automatically builds Finite State Automata (word lattices) from semantically equivalent translation sets. These FSAs are good representations of paraphrases. They can be used to extract lexical and syntactic paraphrase pairs and to generate new, unseen sentences that express the same meaning as the sentences in the input sets. Our FSAs can also predict the correctness of alternative semantic renderings, which may be used to evaluate the quality of translations.
Traffic noise causes physiological stress and impairs breeding migration behaviour in frogs

Human-generated noise has profoundly changed natural soundscapes in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, imposing novel pressures on ecological processes. Despite interest in identifying the ecological consequences of these altered soundscapes, little is known about the sublethal impacts on wildlife population health and individual fitness. We present evidence that noise induces a physiological stress response in an amphibian and impairs mate attraction in the natural environment. Traffic noise increased levels of a stress-relevant glucocorticoid hormone (corticosterone) in female wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) and impaired female travel towards a male breeding chorus in the field, providing insight into the sublethal consequences of acoustic habitat loss. Given that prolonged elevated levels of corticosterone can have deleterious consequences on survival and reproduction and that impaired mate attraction can impact population persistence, our results suggest a novel pathway by which human activities may be imposing population-level impacts on globally declining amphibians.
Embodying Racism: Race, Rhinoplasty, and Self-Esteem in Venezuela

In this article, I examine how race motivates women's decisions to undergo aesthetic rhinoplasty in Caracas, Venezuela. Through a combination of cultural domain analysis and thematic analysis of qualitative interviews, I explore how the preference for whiteness and associated facial features dovetail with the aesthetic ideals promoted by cosmetic surgeons. Rhinoplasty is offered by physicians and interpreted by patients as a resolution to body dissatisfaction and low self-esteem. The clinical ethos of objectivity established by cosmetic surgeons fails to acknowledge how perceptions of the self and body are strongly tied to racial marginalization: patients' efforts to alter the nose reveal attempts to change not only how the body looks, but how it is lived. As a result, cosmetic surgery only acts as a stop-gap measure to heighten one's self-esteem and body image.
Integrity in Transactional Leadership.

Integrity is shown when the principles, procedures, structure, communication, and assessment of our student transactions are clear, consistent, accessible, and transparent.
Electricity system expansion studies to consider uncertainties and interactions in restructured markets

This dissertation concerns power system expansion planning under different market mechanisms. The thesis follows a three paper format, in which each paper emphasizes a different perspective. The first paper investigates the impact of market uncertainties on a long term centralized generation expansion planning problem. The problem is modeled as a two- stage stochastic program with uncertain fuel prices and demands, which are represented as probabilistic scenario paths in a multi-period tree. Two measurements, expected cost (EC) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), are used to minimize, respectively, the total expected cost among scenarios and the risk of incurring high costs in unfavorable scenarios. We sample paths from the scenario tree to reduce the problem scale and determine the sufficient number of scenarios by computing confidence intervals on the objective values. The second paper studies an integrated electricity supply system including generation, transmission and fuel transportation with a restructured wholesale electricity market. This integrated system expansion problem is modeled as a bi-level program in which a centralized system expansion decision is made in the upper level and the operational decisions of multiple market participants are made in the lower level. The difficulty of solving a bi-level programming problem to global optimality is discussed and three problem relaxations obtained by reformulation are explored. The third paper solves a more realistic market-based generation and transmission expansion problem. It focuses on interactions among a centralized transmission expansion decision and decentralized generation expansion decisions. It allows each generator to make its own strategic investment and operational decisions both in
The sensitivity of intramolecular reactions to the orientation of the reacting atoms

Abstract The contributions to rates of intramolecular and enzymatic reactions provided by proximity and correct orientation of two reacting groups are examined. It is shown that the rate enhancement arising from simple juxtaposition of two molecules or functional groups can be expressed as a statistical factor (some fraction of 55 M for aqueous solution) multiplied by a correction term for use when specific data on solution structure are available. The effect of relative orientation of two reacting groups on their rate of reaction is expressed in terms of a simple collision theory. The angular dependence of rate is assumed to arise solely from an angle-dependent potential-energy barrier determined by the magnitude of transition state bending force constants. Crude but reasonable calculations using assumed values for bending force constants in the transition state suggest that orientation may lead to rate accelerations of up to 10 4 for a properly oriented intramolecular or enzymatic reaction compared to its bimolecular counterpart. Although the final determination of the effect of orientation must be experimental, these calculations indicate that orientation of reacting groups may account for a substantial fraction of intramolecular and enzymatic catalysis.
Satisficing: a new approach to constructive nonlinear control

The main contribution of this paper is a constructive parameterization of the class of almost smooth universal formulas which render a system asymptotically stable with respect to a known control Lyapunov function (CLF), and a constructive parameterization of a class of inverse optimal universal formulas having Kalman-like stability margins. The novelty of the parameterization is that it is given in terms of two function which are constrained to be locally Lipschitz and satisfy convex constraints. The implication of this result is that the CLF/universal formula approach can be combined with a priori performance objectives to design high performance control strategies. Two examples illustrate the approach.
Genome-wide approaches to finding novel genes for lipid traits: the start of a long road.

The sequencing of the human genome and identification of common human genetic variations have made high-throughput interrogation of the human genome possible. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are now an exciting new approach to discovering the genetic variations underlying complex diseases and phenotypes.1 These studies allow “hypothesis-free” interrogation of the entire genome without the biases of candidate gene approaches. The GWAS approach has both highlighted candidate genes previously identified by the study of mendelian disorders or by basic biological investigation and illuminated novel genomic loci clearly associated with the phenotype or disease of interest that were previously unsuspected. These studies are only the beginning of a shift in genetics and genomics that has the potential to alter our understanding of physiology and pathophysiology and to profoundly affect clinical medicine for generations to come. However, relatively few genes identified through GWASs have been rigorously assessed for their function in physiological processes, used for clinical risk assessment and prediction, or validated as bona fide targets for drug development. Articles pp 10 and 21 The plasma lipid phenotypes of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides have been a fertile early testing ground for GWASs. They are quantitative heritable traits strongly associated with cardiovascular risk and widely measured in clinical practice, making them methodologically, clinically, and logistically attractive for investigation with genome-wide approaches. In the lipid GWASs reported to date, many genes previously identified with mendelian lipid disorders (Table 1) have been significantly associated with lipid phenotypes,2–7 confirming that these genes also are important in influencing lipid traits in the general population. These lipid GWASs also have identified additional genomic loci that are highly significantly associated with plasma lipid levels2–7 (Table 2). Primary discovery in the lipid GWASs to date has largely been performed in previously compiled cohorts …
LSC 2012 abstract - Age-related changes in the relative expression of functional genes in mesenchymal stem cells

Age-associated changes increased susceptibility to a variety of lung pathologies. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells or B-MSCs have emerged as a critical reparative response mechanism to lung injury. We had demonstrated an association, in animal models, between age and an increase in the susceptibility to injury and we had identified functional differences between B-MSCs from young and old mice.In the present study, we examined the consequences of aging in the gene expression. METHODS: 3 and 24 months old B6 mice were sacrificed and B-MSC were isolated according to the expression of the surface markers. RNA was obtained after sorting and used for hybridization on Agilent gene expression microarrays. Ingenuity software was used to determine functional enrichment. For statistical analysis we applied significance analysis of microarrays. A qvalue of 5, which corresponds to a 5% false discovery rate, was used as a cutoff of statistical significance. Gene validations were performed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: We demonstrate that aging induce a decrease in the gene expression on B-MSC. The mechanisms affected by the decrease on gene expression includecellular trafficking, cellular growth and proliferation. CONCLUSION: Old B-MSCs have a different expression profile that exhibits a decrease in the expression of genes that control importan B-MSC functions.
An EV-simulator for Electric Vehicle Education

This paper presents an Electric Vehicle simulator to aid in Electric Vehicle Education. There has been an exponential surge in demand for developing new generation of vehicles using electric-technology. That has caused rapid shift in design paradigm from mechanical to electrical. Such a paradigm shift requires developing new technology educational programs in electric vehicles. The EV-simulator presented in this paper will be helpful for such programs. The simulator is written in Visual C++/MS Visual Studio .NET 2007. It is called LAMAR-EVSim1 after Lamar's first Electric Vehicle Lamar-EV1. The tool is primarily tailored for educational use. Input data to the simulator is presented through a set of input data files including specifications of: the vehicle, the electric-elements, and the environment. The simulator estimates output parameters hierarchically from the tire, gear-box, motor, battery-pack, and finally at vehicle-level. The estimated output parameters include: various drag forces, torques, currents, voltages, RPMs, powers, top speeds, and mileages. Unlike other ev-simulators, this simulator embeds dynamic equations & algorithms context-sensitively so that the output simulation trace are self-instructive.
Plasticity in the positive selection of T cells: affinity of the selecting antigen and IL-7 affect T cell responsiveness

The current study examines how responsiveness of T cells is affected by the avidity of the peptide/ MHC engaged during positive selection of their thymocyte precursors. We used a thymus reaggregate culture system in which CD4 1 CD8 1 thymocytes from AND TCR transgenic mice were induced to undergo positive selection by pigeon cytochrome c (PCC) peptide or its analogs presented by I-E k class II MHC on a thymic epithelial cell line. When low-affinity peptide analogs drove positive selection, up to 100 lM was needed to produce >50% CD4 1 T cells, and these cells were highly responsive to PCC. In contrast, <0.2 lM high-affinity peptides was required to achieve similar selection efficiency, but the resultant cells failed to respond to PCC. However, these cells were not dead based on dye exclusion and capacity to respond to phorbal ester and to agonist if IL-2 was also present, supporting the view that non-responsiveness of cells selected on high-affinity peptides is a form of central T cell tolerance distinct from deletion. Cells selected on intermediate-affinity peptides showed variable responsiveness which was suppressed 5- to 10-fold by addition during reaggregate culture of antibody to the IL-7R. Similarly, supplementary IL-7 in the reaggregate culture produced CD4 1 T cells that were promiscuously responsive. Overall, this study demonstrates that the responsiveness of T cells is not rigidly controlled and that the presence of IL-7 during T cell development has the potential to negate central T cell tolerance and produce autoreactive T cells.
High frequency atmospheric noise mitigation

The performance of high frequency (HF) radio communication and radar systems can be limited by noise generated by sources external to the receiving antenna. Below 10 MHz, atmospheric noise generated by worldwide thunderstorm activity tends to be the dominant natural source. We present an empirical analysis of atmospheric noise cancellation achieved by applying an adaptive sidelobe canceller to wideband HF signals measured using the MITRE Texas Facility. We couple our empirical analysis with predicted results obtained using CCIR noise models to assess the likelihood of obtaining significant levels of noise cancellation. We also describe cancellation performance as a function of the degrees of freedom applied and variations in data block size. >
Health-Related Quality of Life of Children with Mild to Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease

Objective To compare the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to healthy children; to evaluate the association between CKD severity and HRQOL; to identity demographic, socioeconomic and health-status variables associated with impairment in HRQOL in children with mild to moderate CKD.
Shortest path routing in a class of Cayley graphs of semi-direct product of finite groups

Recently R.N. Draper (1990) initiated the study of interconnection networks based on Cayley graphs of semi-direct products of two cyclic groups called supertoroids graphs. Interest in this class of graphs stems from their relatively smaller diameter compared to toroids of the same size. In this paper we described a deterministic, distributed, shortest path algorithm for routing in this class of networks. >
Predictors of the perceived risk of climate change and preferred resource levels for climate change management programs

In a 2013 US national public opinion survey, data were collected from 1321 adult respondents for five psychometric variables – Dread, Scientists’ Level of Understanding, Public’s Level of Understanding, Number Affected, and Likelihood – for six threats (sea-level rise, increased flooding, and four others) associated with climate change. Respondents also rated perceived risk and indicated the resource level that they believed should be invested in management programs for each threat. Responses did not vary significantly across the six threats, so they were combined. The survey collected standard demographic information, as well as measuring climate change knowledge and environmental values (New Ecological Paradigm, NEP). Psychometric variables predicted perceived risk extremely well (R = .890, p < .001); all five psychometric variables were significant predictors. The results were generally consistent with previous research except that Scientists’ Level of Understanding was a positive, rather than negative...
Decadal Fossil Fuel Emissions and Decadal Warming: A Note

Detrended correlation analysis of mean decadal fossil fuel emissions and mean decadal warming rates in the sample period 1850-2014 at lags of 0, 5, 10, and 15 years shows no evidence that the two series are causally related at a decadal frequency. Further tests at different lengths of the moving window also failed to detect a correlation between the two detrended time series. These findings are inconsistent with the claim that changes in fossil fuel emissions have a measurable effect on warming at a frequency response in the range of one or two decades.
Model predictive control with uncertainty in human driven systems

Human driven systems present a unique optimization challenge for robot control. Generally, operators of these systems behave rationally given environmental factors and desired goals. However, information available to subsystem controllers is often incomplete, and the operator becomes more difficult to model without this input information. In this work we present a data-driven, nonparametric model to capture both expectation and uncertainty of the upcoming duty for a subsystem controller. This model is a modified k-nearest neighbor regressor used to generate weighted samples from a distribution of upcoming duty, which are then exploited to generate an optimal control. We test the model on a simulated heterogeneous energy pack manager in an Electric Vehicle operated by a human driver. For this domain, upcoming load on the energy pack strongly affects the optimal use and charging strategy of the pack. Given incomplete information, there is a natural uncertainty in upcoming duty due to traffic, destination, signage, and other factors. We test against a dataset of real driving data gathered from volunteers, and compare the results other models and the optimal upper bound.
Brooke Correll and Clos Du Val: Adventures in Napa Valley (C)

This three-part case series traces the fortunes of a California winery. In June 2001, Brooke Correll, a former executive at MTV, Ziff-Davis Media, and WineShopper.com, joined the privately owned Clos Du Val Wine Company, in Napa, California, as director of Marketing. Cofounded by an expert winemaker with ties to the famous Château Lafite Rothschild, Clos Du Val had seen its glory days, with high ratings accompanied by robust sales. During the 1990s, however, sales had begun to lag. As the winery's first marketing professional, Correll must chart a new course for the winery to revive the once-hot brand and reverse flagging sales. See also the A (UVA-M-0733) and B (UVA-M-0742) cases.
Beating against the clock

Shift work has been associated with adverse cardiometabolic effects, such as increased risk for coronary artery disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, hypertension and dyslipidemia (1). Although it has been suggested that circadian misalignment may contribute to disease, dissecting the impact of the circadian clock versus social and behavioral influences has been difficult. In PNAS, Morris et al. use simulated short-term shift work in a well-controlled laboratory setting to demonstrate that circadian misalignment impacts blood pressure (BP) and inflammation markers, two important cardiovascular risk factors (2). These findings provide cogent support for the importance of altered circadian rhythms on cardiovascular disease risk. Circadian rhythmicity affects all living organisms on earth. In mammals, molecular components of the clock machinery exist in the brain and peripheral tissues. The central clock exists in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus and is mainly entrained by light; it coordinates the physiology and behavior of the organism (3). The clocks in peripheral tissues are coupled to the central clock, but can also be entrained to oscillate autonomously by other environmental cues (or zeitgebers), such as food (4). Thus, it is possible to dys-synchronize the central and peripheral clocks as seen in the jet-travel or shift-work paradigm. To directly assess the effect of circadian misalignment in humans, … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: Mukesh.jain2{at}case.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Taxonomy of Pythium Sylvaticum and Related Fungi

(1974). Taxonomy of Pythium Sylvaticum and Related Fungi. Mycologia: Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 1049-1053.
Professional School Counseling Internship Developmental Assessment of Counseling Skills (CIDACS)

Various professional organizations have called for a standardized, developmental approach to the assessment of the internship experience (e.g., American Counseling Association’s call for multicultu...
Why reflectance is an imperfect basis for the correction of fluorescence distortion due to optical properties

This study uses simulations to characterize the light path travelled by reflectance and fluorescence photons for multiple sampling geometries and describes the unique sensitivities of each to background optical properties.
Magnetization switching through spin-Hall-effect-induced chiral domain wall propagation

The influence of spin-Hall-effect spin torque (SHE-ST) induced by in-plane charge current was studied in microscale Ta/Co${}_{20}$Fe${}_{60}$B${}_{20}$/TaO${}_{x}$ films with perpendicular magnetization. Simultaneous electrical transport and polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) imaging experiments were used to investigate the switching dynamics. A rich set of switching behaviors was observed, which can be well understood by analyzing a switching-phase diagram and polar MOKE images, considering the competition between SHE-ST and the externally applied magnetic field. Furthermore, we found that domain walls with a particular chirality were dominant in our devices, which suggests the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the present material system.
Phase stability of ZrO2-Al

Thin films of ZrO/sub 2/-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ were deposited on a variety of substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. Nucleation and stability of the cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic phases of ZrO/sub 2/ were investigated over the entire composition range. As deposited films were all amorphous. Annealing in air at temperatures up to 1000 /sup 0/C for several hours resulted in the crystallization and evolution of ZrO/sub 2/ phases. X-ray diffraction studies suggested that films with (Zr):(Al) atomic ratios up to 70:30 nucleated first with the zirconia in the cubic phase with subsequent transformation to a tetragonal phase as a function of annealing time. These results are consistent with the recent theoretical predictions that the cubic phase is unstable with respect to tetragonal and orthorhombic phases at lower temperatures. Observed decreases in volume of the monoclinic ZrO/sub 2/ phase with increasing Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ content suggest an internal compression that reduces the volume of the monoclinic cell to that of the tetragonal unit cell, at which point the tetragonal structure is then observed.
Property Rights and Sustainable Natural Resource Management

This paper reviews recent research articles in the field of property rights and natural resources management, with the goal of identifying the most effective policy measures to achieve sustainable resource management through well designed property rights. Scarcity of economic resources is a major cause of conflict in human society. Institutions impact the resilience of the environment, and the institutions which guide humans as they employ resources from the environment are therefore essential to sustainable resource management. Institutions which create and enforce property rights can control resource degradation and improve both economic and ecological efficiency. Property rights which lead to an equitable allocation of natural resources and delegation of management authority among stakeholders is the most likely pathway to sustainable ecosystem management. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the best system of property rights to achieve sustainability. The ‘best system’ is contextual and spatiotemporal dynamic.
The Role of Imaging in Determining Return to Play

Return-to-play (RTP) predictions focus on how long it takes an athlete to return to their full athletic activity after sustaining an injury. This article focuses on the role of imaging and the radiologist in RTP predictions for the most common and controversial injuries affecting athletes.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Language: en
Flow-based computing on nanoscale crossbars: Design and implementation of full adders

We present the design and implementation of a full adder circuit that exploits the natural flow of current through nanowires and More-than-Moore nano-devices in two dimensional crossbars. We evaluate the speed and energy efficiency of our design and compare it to equivalent one-bit adder designs using CMOS and nanoscale memristors. Our memristive full adder circuit has been shown to be an order of magnitude faster and more energy-efficient than equivalent CMOS designs. Our circuit is an order of magnitude more compact that equivalent CMOS designs. We also argue that our design occupies less area and is faster than competing memristor designs.
Pharmaceuticals and the Global South: A healthy challenge for development theory?

Although the pharmaceutical industry does not usually feature prominently in overviews of research on development, the sector has considerable significance for both health and economic development. This article reviews research on the pharmaceutical industry in the global South, identifying some broader themes that echo with prominent debates in the wider realm of development studies. In research in the 1970s and early 1980s, the pharmaceutical industry seemed to represent a near-classic illustration of the power and influence of large, Northern-based multinational companies, producing dependent development. Later research focused on patent issues in relation to the debate over the TRIPs Agreement, with policy developments in the sector being used to highlight institutional monocropping within global governance. More recently again, research on access to medicines, patent policymaking and local pharmaceutical production has highlighted complementarities between industry and health. Increasingly bridging an oft-present dichotomy, which is also manifest within geographical research, between economic and social aspects of development, recent research on pharmaceuticals challenges some conventional aspects of development theory.
Pragmatic Assessment and Intervention in Children

This chapter reviews assessments that examine pragmatic behaviors and skills in children, as well as intervention procedures that can be used to facilitate change in pragmatic abilities. Several formal and informal assessment tools exist but very few address more than one pragmatic component. A review of intervention procedures reveals that most of the procedures reported in the literature have the capacity to effect change in pragmatic behaviors. However, many of the intervention studies have been conducted with small numbers of participants, and have a low level of evidence or controls. The chapter concludes with suggested future research topics.
Interactions of Engineered Nanomaterials with Lipid Interfaces

The emergent applications of nanomaterials in food, cosmetics, bio-sensing, electronics, and medical products necessitates evaluation of their toxicity upon human exposure. Once inside the body, nanomaterials can interact with human cells. The cell membrane, a lipid bilayer that separates the cell from the outer environment, is the first cellular entity that “meets” the nanoparticles. Thus, understanding the interactions of nanoparticles with the cell membrane is expected to provide an understanding of the potential toxicity of such materials. However, despite a number of studies, a clear understanding of the mechanisms of nanoparticle-cell membrane interactions is still lacking and the role of nanoparticle physicochemical properties in such interactions remains ill-defined. In this talk, I will give an overview of my studies on the interactions of engineered nanoparticles with lipid interfaces, including lipid monolayers and bilayers representing simple models of biological membranes. Mechanisms of interactions between engineered polystyrene and silica nanoparticles and lipid interfaces will be discussed and an overview on how nanoparticle physicochemical properties might affect their interactions with lipid interfaces will be provided.
Bifurcation of Regeneration and Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells via Electronic Manipulation of Tandem Cobalt Redox Shuttles

A cobalt(IV/III) redox shuttle, cobalt tris(2-(p-tolyl)pyridine), [Co(ptpy)3]+/0, was synthesized and investigated for use in dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs. An incredibly fast self-exchange rate constant of (9.2 ± 3.9) × 108 M–1 s–1 was determined for [Co(ptpy)3]+/0, making it an ideal candidate for dye regeneration. To avoid fast recombination and solubility limitations, we utilized a tandem electrolyte containing [Co(ptpy)3]+/0 and cobalt tris(2,2′-bipyridine), [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+. An improved short circuit current density is achieved for DSSCs employing the tandem electrolyte, compared to electrolytes containing only [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+, consistent with superior dye regeneration expected based on predictions using Marcus theory, which is also discussed.
Leadership Reflections: Extrovert and Introvert Leaders

ABSTRACTLeadership calls for the ability to work well with people, communicate with stakeholders, participate in and lead meetings, and often public speaking. As a leader advances within an organization, expectations increase for the individual to engage with others as leaders spend more time working with colleagues and stakeholders to advance the organization. These expectations tend to favor extroverts in leadership roles but organizations may overlook the strengths of introverts as leaders losing out on the potential for effective management. An understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of personality types will help individuals as well as organizations in developing leadership in order to achieve organizational goals.
Cytomegalovirus, Parvovirus B19, Varicella Zoster, and Toxoplasmosis in Pregnancy

Cytomegalovirus is a common childhood illness and in utero infection often causes hearing loss. Parvovirus can cause Fifth’s disease and eventually hydrops fetalis by preferentially infecting rapidly dividing cells. Varicella, commonly known as chickenpox, is highly contagious and can cause congenital varicella syndrome if the mother is exposed prior to 13 weeks gestation. Toxoplasmosis is acquired through eating infected meat or cat feces with 40% of mothers acutely infected during pregnancy giving birth to babies with congenital toxoplasmosis [1].
Randomized trial of telephone versus in-person delivery of a brief psychosocial intervention in post-stroke depression

A psychosocial behavioral intervention delivered in-person by advanced practice nurses has been shown effective in substantially reducing post-stroke depression (PSD). This follow-up trial compared the effectiveness of a shortened intervention delivered by either telephone or in-person to usual care. To our knowledge, this is the first of current behavioral therapy trials to expand the protocol in a new clinical sample. 100 people with Geriatric Depression Scores ≥ 11 were randomized within 4 months of stroke to usual care (N = 28), telephone intervention (N = 37), or in-person intervention (N = 35). Primary outcome was response [percent reduction in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS)] and remission (HDRS score < 10) at 8 weeks and 12 months post treatment. Intervention groups were combined for the primary analysis (pre-planned). The mean response in HDRS scores was 39% reduction for the combined intervention group (40% in-person; 38% telephone groups) versus 33% for the usual care group at 8 weeks (p = 0.3). Remission occurred in 37% in the combined intervention groups at 8 weeks versus 27% in the control group (p = 0.3) and 44% intervention versus 36% control at 12 months (p = 0.5). While favouring the intervention, these differences were not statistically significant. A brief psychosocial intervention for PSD delivered by telephone or in-person did not reduce depression significantly more than usual care. However, the comparable effectiveness of telephone and in-person follow-up for treatment of depression found is important given greater accessibility by telephone and mandated post-hospital follow-up for comprehensive stroke centers. Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://register.clinicaltrials.gov , unique identifier: NCT01133106, Registered 5/26/2010
Isolation and Culture of Adult Mouse Cardiac Myocytes

Cardiac myocytes are activated by hormonal and mechanical signals and respond in a variety of ways, from altering contractile function to inducing cardio-protection and growth responses. The use of genetic mouse models allows one to examine the role of cardiac-specific and other genes in cardiac function, hypertrophy, cardio-protection, and diseases such as ischemia and heart failure. However, studies at the cellular level have been hampered by a lack of suitable techniques for isolating and culturing calcium-tolerant, adult mouse cardiac myocytes. We have developed a straightforward, reproducible protocol for isolating and culturing large numbers of adult mouse cardiac myocytes. This protocol is based on the traditional approach of retrograde perfusion of collagenase through the coronary arteries to digest the extracellular matrix of the heart and release rod-shaped myocytes. However, we have made modifications that are essential for isolating calcium-tolerant, rod-shaped adult mouse cardiac myocytes and maintaining them in culture. This protocol yields freshly isolated adult mouse myocytes that are suitable for biochemical assays and for measuring contractile function and calcium transients, and cultured myocytes that are suitable for most biochemical and signaling assays, as well as gene transduction using adenovirus.
Implementation and Organization of a Perioperative Lactation Program: A Descriptive Study.

Abstract Introduction: As breastfeeding rates rise, perioperative care of lactating women is an increasingly important issue. There is a lack of reports describing the implementation of perioperative lactation programs. Beginning in 2014, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center developed a perioperative lactation program to address the comprehensive care of lactating patients. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of lactation in our perioperative population, as well as to describe preliminary data and experiences during the implementation of our program. Materials and Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included lactating patients who underwent procedures requiring anesthesia care at our institution from August 2014 to February 2017. This period coincided with implementation of the lactation program, which focused on patient identification, education, and support, as well as staff education and collaboration. Patient volume and characteristics, procedure types, and intraoperative ...
Design and Verification of a New Monochromatic Thermal Emission Component for the I3RC Community Monte Carlo Model

AbstractThe Intercomparison of 3D Radiation Codes (I3RC) community Monte Carlo model has been extended to include a source of photon emission from the surface and atmosphere, thereby making it capable of simulating scalar radiative transfer in a 3D scattering, absorbing, and emitting domain with both internal and external sources. The theoretical basis, computational implementation, verification of the internal emission, and computational performance of the resulting model, the “IMC+emission,” is presented. Thorough verification includes fundamental tests of reciprocity and energy conservation, comparison to analytical solutions, and comparison with another 3D model, the Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method (SHDOM). All comparisons to fundamental tests and analytical solutions are accurate to within the precision of the simulations—typically better than 0.05%. Comparison cases to SHDOM were typically within a few percent, except for flux divergence near cloud edges, where the effects of grid defin...
Determining the prevalence of vestibular screening failures in pediatric cancer patients whose therapies include radiation to the head/neck and platin-based therapies: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND Sensorineural hearing loss due to ototoxic cancer therapy is well established; effects on the vestibular system are unknown. We examined the feasibility of implementing vestibular screens for pediatric cancer survivors exposed to ototoxic agents. The prevalence of screening failures is reported. METHODS Cancer survivors who were 6-17 years, at least 1-month posttreatment, and received ototoxic therapy (radiation to the head/neck, cisplatin, carboplatin) were eligible. Screening measures included (1) Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire, (2) Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, and (3) Dynamic Visual Acuity. RESULTS Vestibular screening failures were observed in 30 participants (60%). Patients with a brain tumor diagnosis were at increased risk for failures compared to nonbrain tumor patients (74.2% vs. 36.8%, P = 0.009). Patients who underwent brain surgery were at increased risk for failures compared to patients without brain surgery (71% vs. 42%, P = 0.043). Patients with a longer duration between end of treatment and vestibular screening had a reduced risk of failures, with an almost 20% decrease for each year between the time points (odds ratio = 0.812; 95% confidence interval: 0.683-0.964, P = 0.018). Receiving carboplatin correlated with a decreased risk of failure (P = 0.016), due to a negative correlation with other clinical risk factors (diagnosis of a brain tumor, major brain surgery) that are associated with vestibular screening failure. CONCLUSION Vestibular screening failures are highly prevalent in childhood cancer survivors who received ototoxic therapy. Broad screening of this population and further characterization of these patients are warranted.
Complementary and integrative medicine attitudes and perceived knowledge in a large pediatric residency program.

Abstract Objective There is limited formal complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)/integrative medicine (IM) training in most US pediatric residency programs. Not surprisingly, the AAP Fellows survey #49 demonstrated that pediatricians in residency training and those younger than 42 years old reported less knowledge of CAM than their counterparts. The purpose of this study was to assess pediatric residents’ attitudes toward CAM and IM, personal use of CAM, perceived knowledge gaps, and preferred methods of delivery for IM education in a large pediatric residency program. Methods A 20-question anonymous, voluntary electronic survey was sent to all categorical and combined program pediatric residents at a pediatric residency program in Texas. Results Eighty of 177 pediatric residents completed the survey. Eighty-three percent of respondents reported that patients have asked them about complementary and integrative medicine, and 88% reported that they would like to expand their knowledge on CAM/IM. Lack of knowledge was the top barrier to residents’ incorporation of complementary and integrative medicine into their practice. Preferred methods of education delivery were reported as exposure to complementary and integrative medicine providers and noon conference lectures. Conclusions Residents in this large pediatric residency program recognize their knowledge gaps and wish to improve their understanding of complementary and integrative medicine. A formal IM curriculum could bridge knowledge gaps and help residents feel more comfortable discussing IM with patients and their families.
Complications Specific to the Type of CSF Shunt: Atrial Shunt

Ventriculoatrial shunts (VAS) are currently used only in selected cases because of the higher rate of severe complications and revisions and the more complex procedure for their insertion and revision if compared with ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) or neuroendoscopy.
Case History Problem Solving: Part II General Case History Review with Correlation to Illustrations

Each series of photos is derived from a particular case history. Indicate the most likely diagnosis in terms of localization and pathology.
Fruit yield and survival of five commercial strawberry cultivars under field cultivation and salinity stress.

Abstract Strawberry is one of the most salt-sensitive horticultural crops, and important to the economies of both United States and California, the highest producer country and state, respectively. Thus, the increasing salinity (electrical conductivity) of irrigation water (ECiw) in semiarid areas of the world is a growing concern to strawberry growers. We evaluated five commercial cultivars under the ECiw of 0.7 (control), 1.0, 1.5, and 2.5 dS m−1, under field conditions for 240 days. Increased ECiw increased Cl− in all tissues, while Na+ only increased in roots and petioles. Thus, toxic effects of salinity in leaves were attributed to Cl−, not Na+. All cultivars maintained sufficient levels of both macro and micronutrients in shoots without competition between Na+ and K+, or Ca2+ or between Cl− and NO3−. All cultivars had decreased fruit production, even when ECiw increased to 1.0 dS m−1. Although ‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’ had the least fruit yield at control salinity, ‘Albion’ was the cultivar with the least mean relative reduction in fruit yield, marketable fruit size, shoot + root biomass, and survival at ECiw = 2.5 dS m−1, and thus the most salt tolerant. Regarding absolute yield, ‘Monterey’ was the highest fruit producer under salinity. All cultivars maintained fruit total soluble sugars (Brix%) across salinity levels with ‘Albion’, ‘Monterey’, and ‘Benicia’ having the highest values (11–13% Brix) regardless of salinity. ‘Albion’ and ‘San Andreas’ were the best at maintaining commercial fruit size under salinity. ‘Albion’, ‘Benicia’, and ‘Monterey’ had higher fruit yields at ECiw = 2.5 dS m−1 than ‘Ventana’ and ‘San Andreas’ and can enable farmers to produce strawberries with irrigation water ECiw up to 1.5 dS m−1, although with some fruit yield loss. Results indicate that these newer commercial cultivars are more salt-tolerant than cultivars previously tested, and with enough variability in salt tolerance to improve selection for irrigation water salinity with ECiw >1.0 dS m−1.