cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meta-chlorophenylpiperazine induced changes in locomotor activity are mediated by 5-HT1 as well as 5-HT2C receptors in mice.

Abstract 1-( meta -chloro)phenylpiperazine ( m -CPP) is a 5-HT receptor agonist which has been purported to be relatively selective for the 5-HT 2C receptor. In particular, the hypolocomotion produced by m -CPP has been suggested to be mediated by 5-HT 2C receptors. m -CPP binds with high affinity to 5-HT 1 as well as 5-HT 2 receptors, thus effects of m -CPP on locomotor activity may be due to the physiologic summation of the actions of m -CPP at 5-HT 1 as well as 5-HT 2 receptors. The present study investigated the effects of m -CPP alone and in the presence of the 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist 6-methyl-1-(1-methyethyl)-ergoline-8 β -carboxylic acid 2-hydroxy-1-methylpropyl ester maleate (LY53857), the 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist N -{2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]- ethyl}- N -(2pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride (WAY 100,635), and the 5-HT 1B/1D receptor antagonist 2′-methyl-4′-(5-methyl-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl)-biphenyl-4-corboxylic acid [4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]amide (GR 127935) on locomotor activity. Administration of m -CPP alone (0.3–10 mg/kg) produced a dose-related decrease in locomotor activity. The 5-HT 1B/1D receptor antagonist GR 127935 (3.0 mg/kg) in combination with m -CPP produced a slight leftward shift of the dose–response curve of m -CPP. The 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY 100,635 (1.0 mg/kg) in combination with m -CPP did not alter the m -CPP dose–response curve. The non-selective 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist LY53857 (1.0 mg/kg) in combination with m -CPP unmasked a hyperlocomotion produced by m -CPP. Furthermore, the hyperlocomotion produced by m -CPP in the presence of LY53857 (1.0 mg/kg) was blocked by both the 5-HT 1B/1D receptor antagonist GR 127935 (3.0 mg/kg) and the 5-HT 1A receptor antagonist WAY 100,635 (1.0 mg/kg). The present results demonstrate that the hyperlocomotion seen with the combination of m -CPP and LY53857 is mediated by 5-HT 1 receptors. Taken together the data indicate that m -CPP affects locomotor activity by the physiologic summation of agonist activity at the 5-HT 2C receptor as well as the 5-HT 1 receptor family.
Sirodesmin A: Synthesis of a chiral left half.

Abstract A stereoselective and chiral synthesis of a precursor to the fungal metabolite sirodesin A ( 1 ) is described. The correct relative and absolute confirugation for intermediate 3 (Scheme 1) is established in a single, highly enantioselective epoxidation.
Introducing dependency into IC yield models

Abstract Many models have been proposed to explain the distribution of point defects on integrated circuit (IC) chips. The most popular of these models are based on distributions derived from the Poisson distribution for describing the number of defects expected on a chip. These models do not inherently allow for dependence between the number of defects expected on two adjacent chips. This paper introduces a model for generating an IC defect distribution that allows for dependence in the number of defects on chips that are near one another. Simulations are done to compare the new dependent model to a previously proposed independent model. These simulations with the new model show defective chips clustered near each other on the water. This clustering property has been observed on real wafers. Methods of parameter and yield estimation in the dependent model are discussed.
BBAP Monoubiquitylates Histone H4 at Lysine 91 and Selectively Modulates the DNA Damage Response

Although the BBAP E3 ligase and its binding partner BAL are overexpressed in chemotherapy-resistant lymphomas, the role of these proteins in DNA damage responses remains undefined. Because BAL proteins modulate promoter-coupled transcription and contain structural motifs associated with chromatin remodeling and DNA repair, we reasoned that the BBAP E3 ligase might target nucleosomal proteins. Herein, we demonstrate that BBAP selectively monoubiquitylates histone H4 lysine 91 and protects cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents. Disruption of BBAP-mediated monoubiquitylation of histone H4K91 is associated with the loss of chromatin-associated H4K20 methylase, mono- and dimethyl H4K20, and a delay in the kinetics of 53BP1 foci formation at sites of DNA damage. Because 53BP1 localizes to DNA damage sites, in part, via an interaction with dimethyl H4K20, these data directly implicate BBAP in the monoubiquitylation and additional posttranslational modification of histone H4 and an associated DNA damage response.
Postfire Responses by Southern Arroyo Willow Forest and by Southern-Willow Scrub Dominated by Salix lasiolepis in San Diego County, California

Abstract We examined patterns of response of southern riparian forest and southern-willow scrub, both dominated by arroyo willows (Salix lasiolepis), sampled in 1999 prior to fire and in 2008 following an intense wildfire in San Diego County, California. Arroyo willows had vigorous basal and epicormic resprouting in the riparian forest and minimal mortality from fire. While no sapling of S. lasiolepis was noted in 1999, we observed four in 2008. The most striking change in understory of southern-willow scrub was the increase in nonnative plants, particularly graminoids. No willow-scrub plot experienced postburn mechanical disturbance. The herbaceous increase in southern-willow scrub was likely a result of timing of precipitation combined with fire and drought that opened the overstory of trees and shrubs. Interspecific competition for moisture between nonnative herbs and seedlings of S. lasiolepis might negatively impact recruitment of this species and impact its function in these ecosystems.
Utility of sonography in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary sequestration

Sonography in six patients with pulmonary sequestration demonstrated findings associated with and indicative of that diagnosis. The most useful feature, which was seen in three cases and is diagnostic of sequestration, is the identification of an anomalous systemic artery arising from the aorta.
Measurement of optical homogeneous linewidths in a glass with picosecond accumulated photon echoes

Picosecond accumulated photon echoes have been used to study optical dephasing in the 4I9/2 ↔ 2G7/2, 4G5/2 transition of Nd3+ in silicate glass. The homogeneous width exhibited a T2.2 temperature dependence similar to that of other rare-earth systems previously studied by fluorescence line narrowing. The wavelength dependence of the echo-decay curves shows that relaxation among crystal-field states takes place in a few picoseconds.
Medical student socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes toward patient centered care: do race, socioeconomic status and gender matter? A report from the Medical Student CHANGES study.

Objective To determine whether attitudes toward patient-centered care differed by socio-demographic characteristics (race, gender, socioeconomic status) among a cohort of 3191 first year Black and White medical students attending a stratified random sample of US medical schools.
Generalized pyramidal fracture and yield criteria

Abstract The generalized pyramidal failure criterion is shown to be a convenient criterion for describing the state of stress under which isotropic materials will yield or undergo brittle fracture. The generality of the criterion is useful for very complex materials, but it is believed that most materials can be adequately described by simple variants of the general criterion. For example, it is shown that the hexagonal pyramid criterion, a special case of the more general pyramidal criterion, is capable of describing a very broad range of material behavior through the use of only three experimentally determined parameters. The application of the pyramidal criteria to real materials is illustrated in a review of experimental results on brittle metals, concretes, natural rocks, granular materials, and soils.
α-Tocopherol Ameliorates Oxidant Injury in Isolated Copper-Overloaded Rat Hepatocytes

The objective of this study was to determine the role of oxidant stress in cell injury produced by in vivo copper overload of isolated rat hepatocytes. Rats were maintained on diets with elevated or normal copper content, and hepatocytes were isolated and then incubated for 4 h in physiologic buffer at physiologic oxygen saturations. In hepatocytes from copper-overloaded rats, a significant loss of cell viability (trypan blue exclusion) over 4 h compared with control cells was associated with a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances). Incubation of copper-overloaded hepatocytes with the copper chelator, 2,3,2-tetramine, had a partial protective effect. Incubation with D-alpha-tocopheryl succinate completely ameliorated the copper-induced changes in viability and lipid peroxidation. We conclude that antioxidants may protect the isolated hepatocyte from copper toxicity and should be explored as potential therapeutic agents in states of copper overload.
Paleontology in the United States Federal Service, 1804-1904

During the century between Lewis and Clark's exploration (1804-1806) of the Louisiana Territory and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904, federally sponsored work in paleontology in the United States passed through three general stages in its organizational and institutional history. Before the Civil War, naturalists and geologist-paleontologists actively contributed to federally sponsored geology, mostly as part of topographic exploration in the West. They worked only under discontinuous contracts, using specimens and stratigraphic data mostly collected by others, to date and correlate strata and describe fossil biotas. In the decade and a half after 1865, a proportionally larger number of paleontologists served in the field with the geological and geographical surveys of the territories. A few of these paleontologists gained continuing Federal contracts with the territorial surveys toward the end of the 1870's, although their work was still restricted by the rapid geological reconnaissances of thes...
The histochemistry of dark cells in the vestibular labyrinth.

Dark cells in the vejtibular labyrinth from colored guinea pigs were studied with histcchemical methods for a number of various enzyme systems. High enzyme acl-ivities were observed in the dark cells. Their histochemical reactions were present diffusely throughout the entire cytoplasm. The dark cells displayed alrnost the same degree of enzyme activities as cells cmf the stria vascularis. Presumably, these cells may be engaged in high energy-consumption with the possible purpose of secretion and/or absorption of endolymph.
Coverage effects on the BCF surface diffusion model

Abstract The catchment area depends on both supersaturation and equilibrium coverage; it is always less than the BCF estimate.
Total Sediment Load from SEMEP Using Depth-Integrated Concentration Measurements

This study improves total sediment load calculations on the basis of depth-integrated sediment concentration measurements for channels with significant sediment transport in suspension. The series expansion of the modified Einstein procedure (SEMEP) removes most of the empiricism found in the existing modified Einstein procedures (MEP). SEMEP calculations require field measurements of flow discharge, depth-integrated suspended sediment (SS) concentration, and suspended particle sizes. SEMEP calculates the Rouse number, Ro, from the median particle size measured in suspension d50ss. On the basis of the sediment discharge measurements collected from 14 rivers, the accuracy of sediment discharge calculations depend on the ratio of the shear velocity u* to the settling velocity ω. SEMEP performs accurately (error less than 25%) and without bias when u*/ω>5. Calculations are also acceptable, but less accurate when u*/ω is between two and five. Both SEMEP and MEP should not be used when the value of u*/ω<2, and...
Precision phase center measurements of horn antennas

In many applications such as precision direction finding systems, high-resolution monopulse systems, and interferometers it has become necessary to determine the phase patterns of the radiating element to a high degree of accuracy. A precision phase measurement technique for determining the phase centers of horn antennas at X band is presented. The results indicate that an apparent phase center of radiation can be determined to within \pm \frac{1}{4} electrical degrees for horn apertures as large as five inches.
A novel waveband switching routing algorithm based on integrated auxiliary graph in WDM optical networks

In this paper, we study the waveband switching technique in WDM optical networks and propose a novel Routing Algorithm based on Integrated Auxiliary Graph (RAIAG) to save the switching ports in optical cross-connect. The IAG is compared of the single virtual topology layer and multiple waveband-plane layers, and it can well solve the problem of routing and waveband assignment. In RA-IAG, we use the waveband sub-path grouping scheme that performs better than other waveband grouping schemes. For each demand, RA-IAG first computes the single-hop or multi-hop route on virtual topology layer. If the route cannot be found on virtual topology layer, RA-IAG then computes the hybrid multi-hop route on jointing virtual topology layer and waveband-plane layers. Simulation results show that RA-IAG can obtain better performance than previous algorithm.
Tryptic y++ Fragment Ion Distributions Are Guided by Coulombic Repulsion

Ideal tryptic peptides contain only a single basic residue, located at the C-terminus. Collisional fragmentation of their doubly- or triply-protonated ions generates doubly-charged y ++ fragment ions with modest intensities. The size distribution of the y ++ fragments, when averaged over many spectra, corresponds closely to the expectations from charge-directed backbone cleavage and a Coulomb-Boltzmann distribution of mobile protons. This observation should be helpful in developing mechanistic models for y ++ formation.
Nursing Education and Clinical Practice on Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatient Services: Survey Results

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the educational preparation of staff nurses working on child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient services. METHODS A 40-item questionnaire was sent to 169 staff nurses in nine institutions. One hundred seventeen questionnaires (69.2%) were suitable for analyses. RESULTS Respondents ranged in age from 22 to 52 years (mean = 34.7, +/- 7.43 years) and 87.2% (n = 102) were women. Seventy-one percent (n = 83) of the respondents agreed that basic nursing education inadequately prepared them for work on child and adolescent psychiatric inpatient services. Deficiencies were cited in psychopharmacology, child psychiatric diagnosis, child psychopathology, and milieu treatment. There were few differences across educational type. CONCLUSION Recent advances in psychiatric epidemiology, psychopharmacology, and neuroscience merit greater attention in undergraduate nursing education. Child psychiatric institutions and professional nursing organizations have a role to play in continuing education.
Effect of temperature and calcium on force-frequency relationships in mammalian ventricular myocardium

The effects of temperature and calcium on force-frequency relationships in mammalian ventricular myocardium were studied in isolated papillary and ventricular muscle bundles. Tensions, velocities, and phase durations were determined from the isometric tension record and its first derivative. Decreasing bath temperature from 34–36°C to 27–31°C increased contractile tension and prolonged the phases of contraction in rat, guinea pig, and adult and fetal human tissues without altering the force-frequency relationship. Doubling extracellular [Ca++] beyond the 2.7 mM control for human tissue increased contractile tension and shortened phase I, and made the force-frequency relationship less steep or biphasic. These results suggest that the negative force-frequency relationship in the failing human heart cannot be explained merely on the basis on unavailability of Ca++ to the contractile proteins.
On the applicability of directed relation graphs to the reduction of reaction mechanisms

Abstract The conditions for application of the directed relation graph (DRG) method in skeletal reduction of mechanisms with vastly different time scales were systematically analyzed. It was found that the existence of quasi-steady-state species induces no additional restriction on the application of DRG. When there are partial equilibrium reactions, DRG requires reactions with fast forward or backward rates to be reversible and the backward rate to be computed through the equilibrium constant. The effect of loss of significant digits in the evaluation of species relations due to substantial cancellation between the forward and backward rates of partial equilibrium reactions was identified and a criterion for minimum accuracy in sampled reaction states for DRG reduction was identified. The method of DRG was then compared with two methods recently developed for skeletal reduction: one is based on computational singular perturbation (CSP) and another is the directed relation graph with error propagation (DRGEP). Advantages and restrictions of including fast–slow subspace separation in skeletal reduction and the validity of the geometric error propagation model in DRGEP were discussed, with examples in the existence of exhausted fast processes.
Measurement of adhesive forces between bacteria and protein-coated surfaces using optical tweezers

Bacterial adhesion is a primary cause of failure in implanted medical devices. Bacteria commonly found in device-related infections, such as S. aureus, have multiple cell surface adhesins which mediate specific adhesion to molecules found in extracellular matrix and blood plasma. Adhesins recognizing fibrinogen, fibronectin, collagen, and elastin molecules have been isolated in S. aureus. We have used optical tweezers to measure the adhesive force between a single bacterium and a protein-coated surface. Various concentrations of fibronectin, fibrinogen, or whole plasma were immobilized onto 10-micrometers diameter polystyrene microspheres. We optically trapped a bacterium with a titanium-sapphire laser tuned to 830 nm and contacted the cell with a coated bead. We determined the minimum force necessary to separate the cell and bead. For beads coated with fibronectin and fibrinogen, detachment force values occurred as approximate integer multiples of an estimated single bond detachment force. With plasma-coated beads, only cells lacking the fibrinogen adhesin could be detached; therefore, we believe that either this adhesin is prevalent on wilde-type cells, or it is preferentially adsorbed onto the beads. Additionally, the whole plasma detachment forces appeared random; therefore, we believe that many adhesins participate in boding to plasma.
Insulin-dependent diabetes: a disease of autoaggression

Lymphocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes demonstrated significant cytoadherence and cytotoxicity against human insulinoma cells in vitro as compared to lymphocytes from normals. Complement was not involved in insulinoma cell destruction. The findings suggest that insulin-dependent diabetes may be a disease of autoaggression.
Evaluation of Five Screening Tests Used for Estimating Leucocyte Counts in Bulk Milk

Abstract Five screening tests, Direct Microscopic Leucocyte Count, Wisconsin Mastitis Test, California Mastitis Test, Clemson Catalase Test, Wisconsin Catalase Test, used in estimating leucocyte concentrations were evaluated using 1,308 producer milk samples and 97 tank-delivered samples. These milk samples were representative of the South Carolina milk supply. The Wisconsin test was the most reliable method for estimating leucocytes in milk, using the microscopic count for comparison. This applied to both producer and tank-delivered samples. The Clemson and Wisconsin Catalase tests and the California test were not as reliable predictive tests of leucocyte concentration when compared with microscopic count. The leucocyte data were classified into three groups: less than 500,000, 500,000 to 1,000,000, and more than 1,000,000. The microscopic leucocyte count distributions of producer milk samples were 46.6, 42.4, and 11.0%, respectively, and for tank-delivered samples they were 47.4, 43.3, and 9.3%, respectively.
Ion channel mutations in mouse models of inherited neurological disease.

Analysis of the molecular defects in mouse mutants can identify candidate genes for human neurological disorders. During the past 2 years, mutations in sodium channels, calcium channels and potassium channels have been identified by positional cloning of the spontaneous mouse mutants motor endplate disease, tottering, lethargic and weaver The phenotypes of four allelic mutations identified in the sodium channel gene Scn8a range from ataxia and muscle weakness through severe dystonia and progressive paralysis, indicating that human mutations in this gene could be associated with a variety of clinical syndromes. Mutations of the calcium channel subunits β 4 in the lethargic mouse and α 1A in the tottering mouse have specific effects on cerebellar function. Targeted mutation of ligand-gated ion channels has also been used to generate new models of neurological disease. We will review these recent achievements and their implications for human neurological disease. The mouse studies indicate that mutations in ...
Humor in African American Discourse: Speaking of Oppression

The history of Black America is a well-known struggle against the oppression and domination of White America. American democracy, in its practices if not in its premises, embraces a social structure reflective of ancient Greco-Roman societies, built on the foundation of a hierarchical system with a privileged class on top and slaves at the bottom. But African American practices confound the theories of White America and its progenitors: Plato, Aristotle, and Cicero. The use of humor is a case in point, as African American discourse confounds the principles of humor developed in ancient rhetorical theory.
Synthesis and evaluation of an 111in‐labeled porphyrin for lymph node imaging

111In-labeled tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphyrin was investigated as a possible lymph node imaging agent. A clinically feasible method for the preparation of this radioactive pharmaceutical was developed from experiments with the synthesis and characterization of the unlabeled complex. The in vivo distribution of the compound in Wistar rats was determined as a function of time. Favorable lymph node-blood, lymph node-muscle, and specific lymph node-surrounding tissue ratios were obtained.
Analysis of the regulation of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate synthesis by arachidonic acid in exocrine pancreas

In pancreatic acinar cells prelabeled with either 32Pi or myo-[3H]inositol, arachidonic acid (10-50 microM) rapidly decreased the steady-state levels of [32P]phosphatidylinositol 4',5'-bisphosphate [( 32P]PtdIns4,5P2) and inhibited carbachol-stimulated accumulation of [3H]inositol trisphosphate [( 3H]InsP3). Both actions of arachidonic acid were rapidly reversed by bovine serum albumin (BSA). Indomethacin and nordihydoguaiaretic acid failed to block the inhibitory effects of arachidonic acid on [32P]PtdIns4,5P2 levels. Arachidonic acid (10-50 microM) also caused a prompt depletion of cellular ATP which was rapidly reversed by BSA. The ATP-depleting action of arachidonate paralleled in terms of concentration dependence and time course its inhibitory effects on [32P]PtdIns4,5P2 and [3H]InsP3 levels. Exposure of acinar cells to 50 microM arachidonic acid produced an increase in oxygen consumption which exceeded that elicited by either carbachol or ionomycin. Arachidonic acid (10-50 microM) also caused a concentration-dependent rise in cytosolic Ca2+, which was partially obtunded by Ca2+ deprivation. A proposed mechanism involving arachidonic acid as a negative feedback regulator of polyphosphoinositide turnover in exocrine pancreas is discussed.
Modeling of Continuous Stochastic Processes from Discrete Observations with Application to Sunspots Data

Abstract Discretization of a continuous autoregressive moving average process at an equispaced sampling interval results in a discrete autoregressive moving average process. The relationship between the continuous and the discrete parameters yields a simple method of maximum likelihood estimation of the continuous parameters from a discretely sampled data. A technique is described for modeling of continuous processes from discrete observations and is illustrated with analysis of the yearly Wolfer's sunspot numbers data.
The Impact of Technology and Functional Unit on Centralization in Organizations

Prior organization theory literature has proposed that either organization size, technology, or environment is the exclusive determinant of an organization `s structural configuration. Weaknesses in these existing structural determination models as regards the centralization structure dimension are discussed. Next, managerial discretion factors based on Child's strategic choice concept are added to the model. Last, methodology used and results obtained in an empirical investigation of the predictors for the centralization structure dimension in three process-oriented industries are reported. The explanatory power of the predictive model for centralization was enhanced substantially by inclusion of the functional unit as a moderator. However, only one of the three industries analyzed displayed evidence that the most commonly referenced antecedents of structure mentioned above were strong predictors of the centralization structure dimension.
Theoretical study of the electronic, structural, and cohesive properties of ruthenium

The electronic, structural, and cohesive properties of ruthenium in the hexagonal-close-packed structure are calculated by using a local-orbital ab initio pseudopotential method. We determine the lattice parameters, Poisson's ratio, the cohesive energy, and the bulk modulus by calculating the total energy of the solid-state system as a function of the lattice parameters c and a. We also predict the value of the c/a ratio up to pressures of 1 Mbar. We find that as a function of pressure the c/a value approaches the ideal value. Overall, the agreement with the observed lattice parameters is quite good. The largest structural error is in the c lattice parameter and is approximately 2%. The cohesive energy is larger than experiment by approximately 15% and is consistent with other local-density calculations for transition metals. The calculated band structure is in accord with photoemission measurements.
Aquinas on Hating Sin in Summa Theologiae II-II Q34 A3 and I-II Q23 A1

This essay explores the phenomenological features of the passional response to evil that Aquinas calls ‘hatred of sin’ in Summa Thelogiae II-II Q34 A3 and I-II Q23 A1, among other places. Social justice concerns and philosophical objections, however, challenge the notion that one can feel hatred toward an agent’s vice or sin without it being the agent who is hated. I argue that a careful, contextual reading of these texts shows that Aquinas cannot be read as commending ‘hate’ in any form. The texts under consideration offer no comfort to those who appeal to hatred of sin or vice to legitimate sentiments or actions that can be reasonably taken to express hatred of persons.
A high resolution, high statistics baryon spectrometer

Abstract A magnet-less spectrometer consisting of a point hydrogen target and a scintillation counter hodoscope is described. Recoil protons are selected on the basis of range, time-of-flight, and pulse height. The hodoscope measures the recoil angle in the region of the Jacobian peak. The incident proton momentum, which varies in each event, is measured at each trigger time. Data are displayed directly on a 2-dimensional pulse height analyser, one dimension being the recoil angle, the other the incident momentum, the combination of these giving the mass spectrum.
A Markov-Based Multi-Attribute Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm

Many vertical handoff decision algorithms have not considered the impact of call dropping during the vertical handoff decision process. Besides, most of current multi-attribute vertical handoff algorithms cannot predict users’ specific circumstances dynamically. In this paper, we formulate the vertical handoff decision problem as a Markov decision process, with the objective of maximizing the expected total reward during the handoff procedure. A reward function is formulated to assess the service quality during each connection. The G1 and entropy methods are applied in an iterative way, by which we can work out a stationary deterministic policy. Numerical results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed algorithm compared with the existing methods.
Qualitative theory for the picture frame morphology of annealed lamellar crystals

Abstract A number of more-or-less distinctive crystalline morphologies have been shown to result from the annealing of polymer single crystals [1]. Among these morphological types are “picture frames,” “amoebas,” and “swiss cheese.” Generally, the lateral shape changes described by these terms accompany an increase in thickness. However, there is lacking in the literature an effort to correlate mechanistically the lateral shape change with the thickening process. In this paper an attempt is made to demonstrate how the picture frame morphology develops as the end state of a sequence of steps resulting in crystal thickening.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Influences Trauma-Hemorrhage-Induced Distal Organ Damage via Regulation of Keratinocyte-Derived Chemokine Production

Leukocyte infiltration, mediated by chemokines, is a key step in the development of organ dysfunction. Lung and liver neutrophil infiltration following trauma-hemorrhage is associated with upregula...
New high-pressure phase transition in zirconium metal.

Phase transitions in the group-IV transition-metal zirconium were studied by the energy-dispersive x-ray-diffraction technique with a synchrotron source to a pressure of 32 GPa. A first-order phase transition between an \ensuremath{\omega} phase and a bcc phase (isostructural with group-V transition elements) was observed during compression and decompression in a pressure range of 30\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2 GPa, which is in qualitative agreement with the recent first principles theoretical predictions. The observation of the bcc phase in Zr (a group-IV element) under pressure at room temperature signifies a pressure-induced electronic configuration similar to that of a group-V element.
Estelle Brodman: educator extraordinaire.

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to describe the educational contributions of Estelle Brodman PhD, to medical librarianship. METHODS The article is based on a comprehensive search of Dr. Brodman's articles, a review of her two Medical Library Association oral history interviews, and personal recollections. FINDINGS This article documents the educational contributions of Dr. Brodman, a librarian, researcher, and educator who had a significant and lasting impact on the education of medical librarians through more than fifty years of concentrated effort.
Effective Knowledge Management Systems for a Clinical Nursing Setting

Given the critical role of nurses as knowledge workers in a hospital environment, this study investigates the knowledge management processes and organizational enablers associated with effective knowledge management systems (KMS) for a clinical nursing setting. The interview and survey findings shed light on how to effectively design and deploy a clinical KMS in a hospital nursing environment.
Barriers to women's cardiovascular risk knowledge.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for women in the United States, resulting in a greater emphasis on research and methods for addressing issues relating to this health problem both nationally and worldwide. The authors’ purpose was to identify barriers to women's cardiovascular risk knowledge, both personal and organizational, through key informant interviews of health leaders at 10 community health organizations. Analysis showed an overall lack of awareness of CVD risk for women. Culture, finance, and lack of awareness and easily accessible programs implicated the importance of physicians as health care providers and educators for women patients.
A memristor-based memory cell using ambipolar operation

This paper presents a novel memory cell consisting of a memristor and ambipolar transistors. Macroscopic models are utilized to characterize the operations of this memory cell. A detailed treatment of the two basic memory operations (write and read) with respect to memristor features is provided; particular, emphasis is devoted to the threshold characterization of the memristance and the on/off states. Extensive simulation results are provided to assess performance in terms of the write/read times, transistor scaling and power dissipation. The simulation results show that the proposed memory cell achieves superior performance compared with other memristor-based cells found in the technical literature.
Weakly nonlinear cubic interactions between surface waves and interfacial waves: An analytic solution

A set of third-order equations describing the interactions between surface waves and interfacial waves is presented. The specific interaction studied is that of exact subharmonic resonance of two interfacial waves by a single surface wave. The coupled amplitude evolution equations are solved analytically in terms of Jacobian elliptic functions. Upon specification of the initial conditions, the minimum and maximum amplitudes attained by the surface and interfacial waves, along with the nonlinear interaction period, are obtained. The results from the third-order theory are contrasted with those from second-order theory and highlight the importance of the cubic interactions.
Two-phase flow and the capillarity phenomenon in porous solids: A continuum thermomechanical approach

Two-phase flow and capillarity phenomenon in porous solids, well known in physics and engineering, are treated from a rigorous continuum thermomechanical point of view for the first time. A ternary model, consisting of a porous solid phase, a liquid phase, and a gas phase, is investigated within the framework of thermodynamics. The main result of the evaluation of the entropy principle turns out to be that the interaction forces between the solid, gas, and liquid phases are dependent on the free Helmholtz energy functions of the corresponding phases and on the gradient of the liquid density. The classical result for the driving volume force for raising a water column in a narrow tube against the force of gravity is contained in the general investigation.
Interaction among Members of Nine Ethnic Groups and Belief-Similarity Hypothesis

(1971). Interaction among Members of Nine Ethnic Groups and Belief-Similarity Hypothesis. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 171-179.
Spillover effects of a firm's relationship marketing orientation in the logistics triad

– The central tenet of this paper is that a firm's efforts to nurture a long-term relationship with a third-party logistics (3PLs) will be influenced by its strategic orientation toward its own customers. The purpose of this paper is to propose that there will be a spillover effect of a firm's relationship marketing orientation (RMO) toward its customers on the nature of a firm's relationship with its 3PL, positively impacting its logistics performance. , – A survey was administered to logistics managers in Brazilian firms that employ the services of a large 3PL. The model was tested via structural equation modeling. , – Results of this research suggest that a firm's RMO toward its customers has a positive impact on the long-term orientation (LTO) toward the relationship with its 3PL, ultimately improving the firm's operations performance. Additionally, the findings reveal that the positive effect of RMO on LTO is stronger for higher levels of a firm's dependence on its 3PL. , – The results provide initial evidence that when a RMO is embedded in a firm's strategies toward its customers, there will be spillover effects on both the nature and outcomes of relationships with other partners, such as 3PLs. Research limitations include the survey implementation in an emerging market, and surveying clients of a single 3PL. , – From the perspective of the 3PL, when selecting new clients, it is important to investigate how these potential clients relate to their own customers. In other words, 3PLs should investigate whether these potential clients embrace RMO toward their downstream customers. If that is the case, the client will be more likely to have LTO with the 3PLs with which it works. , – While most studies in logistics outsourcing demonstrate that interorganizational conditions are key determinants of long-term and collaborative relationships with 3PLs, this study provides initial evidence that when a strategic orientation – RMO – is embedded in a firm's strategies and operations toward its customers, there will be spillover effects on both the nature and outcomes of relationships with 3PLs as well.
Intestinal Injuries Associated with the Novasure Bipolar Device

Abstract Background: The Novasure device employs biopolar thermal coagulation in order to ablate the endometrium. It is one of a class of blind, nonhysteroscopic techniques utilized for the treatment of abnormal (i.e., dysfunctional) uterine bleeding. Cases: Three cases are presented where the Novasure device was employed for endometrial ablation. Each case demonstrated thermal intestinal injuries associated with the use of the Novasure device. Conclusions: Despite several safeguards devised by the manufacturer, the Novasure bipolar device can and will perforate the uterus and cause thermal injury leading to intestinal perforation. (J GYNECOL SURG 25:73)
Stiffness control of a continuum manipulator in contact with a soft environment

Stiffness control of a continuum robot can prevent excessive contact forces during robot navigation inside delicate, uncertain and confined environments. Furthermore, it enables the selection of tip stiffnesses that match varying task requirements. This paper introduces a computationally-efficient approach to continuum-robot stiffness control that is based on writing the forward kinematic model as the product of two transformations. The first transformation calculates the non-contact kinematics of the robot and can be formulated based on the specific type of continuum robot under consideration. The second transformation calculates the tip deflection due to applied forces and is efficiently computed using the special Cosserat rod model. To implement a desired tip stiffness, the two transformations are used to solve for the actuator positions that deform the manipulator so as to generate the required tip force at the measured tip position. The efficacy of the proposed controller is demonstrated experimentally on a concentric-tube continuum robot.
Comparison of several oximes on reactivation of soman-inhibited blood, brain and tissue cholinesterase activity in rats.

The ability of three oximes, HI-6, MMB-4 and ICD-467, to reactivate cholinesterase (ChE) inhibited by the organophosphorus compound soman was compared in blood (plasma and erythrocytes), brain regions (including spinal cord) and peripheral tissues of rats. Animals were intoxicated with soman (100 μg/kg, SC; equivalent to 0.9 × LD50 dose) and treated 1 min later with one of these oximes (100 or 200 μmol/kg, IM). Toxic sign scores and total tissue ChE activities were determined 30 min later. Soman markedly inhibited ChE activity in blood (93–96%), brain regions (ranging from 78% to 95%), and all peripheral tissues (ranging from 48.9% to 99.8%) except liver (11.9%). In blood, treatment with HI-6 or ICD-467 resulted in significant reactivation of soman-inhibited ChE. In contrast, MMB-4 was completely ineffective. HI-6 and ICD-467 were equally effective at the high dose. At the low dose ICD-467 treatment resulted in significantly higher plasma ChE than HI-6 treatment, whereas HI-6 treatment resulted in higher erythrocyte ChE than ICD-467 treatment. However, none of these three oximes reactivated or protected soman-inhibited ChE in the brain. In all peripheral tissues (except liver) studied, MMB-4 was not effective. HI-6 reactivated soman-inhibited ChE in all tissues except lung, heart, and skeletal muscle. ICD-467 was highly effective in reactivating ChE in all tissues and afforded a complete recovery of ChE to control levels in intercostal muscle and salivary gland. Oxime treatments did not modify the toxic scores produced by soman. However, treatment with the high dose (200 μmol/kg) of ICD-467 depressed respiration and two of the six rats died in 10 min. These observations indicate that MMB-4 is completely ineffective in protecting and/or reactivating soman-inhibited ChE, HI-6 is an effective ChE reactivator as reported earlier in rats and other species, and the imidazolium oxime ICD-467 is a powerful reactivator of somaninhibited ChE; however, its toxic interactions with soman may not be related to tissue ChE levels.
The immunomodulatory effects of the herbicide propanil on murine macrophage interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production

Intraperitoneal (i.p.) exposure to propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide) has previously been shown to affect macrophage cytotoxicity. In this study, we compared the immunotoxic effects of propanil, after different routes of in vivo administration, on cytokine production by thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages. C57B1/6 mice were treated with either vehicle or 200 mg/kg propanil i.p., or with vehicle, 40, or 400 mg/kg propanil orally. Three or 7 days later, ex vivo production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was determined. Both oral and i.p. propanil exposure resulted in up to a 60-70% reduction in IL-6 and TNF-alpha production by the LPS-stimulated macrophages, depending on the route, postexposure time, and dose of propanil administered. Oral exposure to propanil also caused splenomegaly and thymic atrophy in animals in much the same manner as animals exposed via the i.p. route. In vitro exposure to propanil also significantly reduced macrophage cytokine production. Thioglycollate-elicited macrophages from normal mice were cultured in the continuous presence of 0, 10, or 20 microM propanil plus LPS. This exposure caused a significant reduction in IL-6 and TNF protein production by these macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the message levels of these cytokines were reduced by approximately the same percentage as the protein levels in propanil-treated macrophages, indicating a possible transcriptional or pretranscriptional target(s) for propanil.
Effects of phenazine methosulfate on glucose metabolism in rat adipose tissue

Abstract Segments of epididymal fat-pad tissue of rats were incubated with glucose labeled uniformly with 14C and in carbons 1 and 6 and with tritium in positions 3, 5, and 6. The effect of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) on incorporation of glucose carbon and tritium into metabolic products and on the formation and utilization of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial reducing equivalents was determined. PMS concentrations below 5 μ m have little effect on glucose metabolism. PMS between 5 and 100 μ m stimulates the uptake and oxidation of glucose but is without effect on its incorporation into fatty acids and glycerol. Higher concentrations of PMS inhibit glucose oxidation and lipogenesis. The lactate-pyruvate ratio in tissue incubated with glucose ranged from 3 to 10. With PMS the ratio was decreased to less than 0.5. At a PMS concentration of 50 μ m , glucose uptake was increased in tissue of fed rats by 30–50% and CO2 production by 100–200%, The contribution of the pentose cycle to glucose metabolism increased from 15–20% to 40–50%, and oxidation via the Krebs cycle increased by 50–300%. In tissue of starved-refed rats with a very high rate of lipogenesis, the stimulation of the pentose cycle and Krebs cycle oxidation was less pronounced. A balance of reducing equivalents was calculated. In the absence of PMS the formation of cytoplasmic reducing equivalents is equal or in a small excess over that needed for lipogenesis and lactate production. In the presence of PMS a large excess is generated. The generation and utilization of ATP was calculated. Without PMS, ATP generation is in excess over that needed for known biosynthetic requirements. The excess is of the order of 20 μmoles/gram/hour for tissue of fed rats, and in tissue of fasted-refed rats, of the order of 40–50 μmoles/gram/hour. PMS increases oxidation via the Krebs cycle in tissue of normal rats but it is likely that the excess oxidation is not coupled to phosphorylation. When tissue was incubated with [5-T] glucose virtually the sole product was labeled water. This label is useful in measuring glucose uptake or turnover in vivo and in vitro by determination of the yield of labeled water. We conclude that lipogenesis is not affected by an increase in cellular pyruvate concentration or the NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios in the cytoplasm, or by a large decrease in the concentration of free reduced pyridine nucleotides.
Pre-college interactions, early expectations, and perceived barriers of first year Black and Latino engineering students

One of the most significant challenges facing engineering education in the United States is the persistent problem of inclusion and retention of underrepresented racial and ethnic groups. As part of a larger, federally funded project on student-faculty interaction in engineering, a case study was conducted to describe engineering-related interactions prior to college, perceived barriers during engineering studies, and early expectations of interactions with faculty among first year Black and Latino engineering students at a large university in the Southeastern United States. Descriptive data were gathered through focus groups and questionnaires. Findings indicated that recommendations from pre-college educators, mostly middle and high school math and science teachers, were important for deciding to study engineering in college. Students had expectations of minimal contact with engineering faculty based on early interactions, but expressed the desire to seek relationships with professors who would be able to connect them with engineering-related opportunities and resources. The most likely perceived barriers to studying engineering were financial problems and difficulties in science and engineering coursework. These findings are particularly useful to engineering education professionals involved with first year orientation experiences, and they further current understanding about pre-college and early experiences that are linked to engineering enrollment.
Laryngeal elevation achieved by neuromuscular stimulation at rest.

During swallowing, airway protection is achieved in part by laryngeal elevation. Although multiple muscles are normally active during laryngeal elevation, neuromuscular stimulation of select muscle...
Increased template activity in chromatin from cadmium chloride treated pea tissues.

Abstract Increases in the synthesis of the isoflavonoid, pisatin, and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) are induced in excised pea pods by low concentrations (5×10−4M) of CdCL2. The induction of pisatin synthesis and PAL are suppressed if RNA-synthesis-inhibiting concentrations of 6-methyl purine, actinomycin D or ∝-amanitin are applied within 1 h of inducer application. Cycloheximide (0.1 mg/ml) blocks the induction of these responses if applied to tissues within 6 h after inducer application. Within 1 h after CdCl2 (5×10−4M) is applied to pods there is an increase in the rate of synthesis of all sizes of RNA as well as an increase in the template activity and dye binding capacity of pea chromatin. The results support the hypothesis that conformational changes in DNA are associated with the induction process.