cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Positive Airway Pressure on International Restless Legs Syndrome Score in Sleep Disordered Breathing.

Study Objective: Studies have shown increased prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in sleep disordered breathing (SDB), however limited data have focused on the impact of SDB therapy on RLS. We hypothesize that positive airway pressure (PAP) will improve the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) score among SDB patients compared to patients without PAP. Methods: Patients with AHI ≥ 5 who responded positively to a RLS qualifier question from January 2010 to May 2015 were included in this retrospective study. IRLS score was used to measure RLS symptom severity. Two-sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare changes in IRLS score and linear regression models were created to examine IRLS change with PAP use and PAP adherence (PAP usage ≥4 h nightly for ≥70% of nights), adjusting for potential confounders. Results: In 434 patients (51.9 ± 13.4years, 50.5% female, 77.6% Caucasian; 325 PAP, 109 control), IRLS scores improved from baseline to follow-up, with the PAP group achieving significant improvement after adjustment for covariates (difference in IRLS: −1.8 (CI −3.6,0.00), p = 0.050). In self-reported PAP adherent patients, IRLS improvement was greater than controls (−5.3 ± 7.4 vs. −2.7 ± 7.6 respectively, p = 0.045), and comparable to non-adherent patients (−5.3 ± 7.4 vs. −3.0 ± 7.0, p = 0.091). Conclusions: Among SDB patients with a positive RLS qualifier, those who used PAP therapy achieved significantly greater improvement in IRLS scores than patients who did not use PAP, with more significant changes in the PAP adherent group. This is the first large clinical study to examine these relationships, providing a basis for future prospective interventional trials and informing clinicians of expected improvement in IRLS score in PAP treated SDB populations.
When people estimate their personal intelligence who is overconfident? Who is accurate?

Objective We explore accurate self-knowledge versus overconfidence in personal intelligence-a "broad" intelligence about personality. The theory of personal intelligence proposes that people vary in their ability to understand the traits, goals, plans, and actions of themselves and others. We wondered who accurately knew that they were higher in personal intelligence and who did not, and whether individuals with more accurate estimates were distinguishable from others in their psychological characteristics. Method Three archival data sets were identified that included both self-estimates and objective measures of personal intelligence: The measures were the Self-Estimated Personal Intelligence scale and the Test of Personal Intelligence. Results People who were over-confident-overestimating their ability-level of personal intelligence-were positive in their outlook and more sociable. People who provided the most accurate self-estimates were higher in verbal and personal intelligences, more open, and more conscientious than others. Conclusions People who were accurate about themselves have not been studied before in this context but may, for example, serve as the monitors and thinkers who help keep themselves and others reasonable and on track.
Visual Parsing With Query-Driven Global Graph Attention (QD-GGA): Preliminary Results for Handwritten Math Formula Recognition

We present a new visual parsing method based on convolutional neural networks for handwritten mathematical formulas. The Query-Driven Global Graph Attention (QD-GGA) parsing model employs multi-task learning, and uses a single feature representation for locating, classifying, and relating symbols. First, a Line-Of-Sight (LOS) graph is computed over the handwritten strokes in a formula. Second, class distributions for LOS nodes and edges are obtained using query-specific feature filters (i.e., attention) in a single feed-forward pass. Finally, a Maximum Spanning Tree (MST) is extracted from the weighted graph. Our preliminary results show that this is a promising new approach for visual parsing of handwritten formulas. Our data and source code are publicly available.
On hits and being hit on: Error management theory, signal detection theory, and the male sexual overperception bias

Abstract Although Error Management Theory (EMT) can explain male sexual overperception, more advanced Signal Detection Theory (SDT) analyses can identify sensitivity and bias separately. An SDT analysis of perceptions of relatively clear interest/disinterest signals (Study 1) found that sensitivity to sexual interest/disinterest signals drove participants' perceptions, rather than an overall bias to perceive sexual interest. Cues of interest were generally underperceived, while sensitivity and accuracy were uniformly high. EMT analysis also found overall sexual interest underperception, but with men slightly overperceiving interest relative to women. These discrepant results were due to EMT using difference scores, which obscure baseline perceptions for men and women. Individual differences in life history strategy, mating strategy, and mate value did not affect sensitivity or bias. Study 2 largely replicated these results using more ambivalent scenarios, except EMT analyses found men's misperception to be significantly larger than women's, despite being closer to pre-rated communication levels. These results show that sexual communication may be more nuanced than previously thought, and that an SDT analysis is more appropriate for such data.
Tolerability of Cefazolin in Nafcillin-Intolerant Patients for the Treatment of Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections.

BACKGROUND Non-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to nafcillin are commonly reported, but scarce data are available to guide appropriate antibiotic change following these reactions. Although cefazolin is an attractive therapeutic alternative in methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections when patients experience an HSR to nafcillin, more data are needed to evaluate the tolerability of cefazolin after switching from nafcillin. The purpose of this study was to describe the tolerability of cefazolin in patients who develop a suspected non-IgE-mediated HSR to nafcillin. METHODS This was a retrospective, descriptive case series of patients who received nafcillin for an MSSA infection, experienced a suspected non-IgE-mediated HSR, and were switched to cefazolin between October 2015 and November 2019 at a single academic medical center. The primary objective was to identify the percentage of patients who completed cefazolin after experiencing a suspected non-IgE-mediated HSR to nafcillin. RESULTS There were 80 patients with 87 prespecified non-IgE-mediated HSRs during the study period. Seventy-one (89%) patients completed cefazolin, with 53 (75%) of these patients completing at least 2 weeks of therapy. One patient was ultimately switched from cefazolin to daptomycin due to concern for treatment failure. Eight patients (10%) did not tolerate cefazolin after switching from nafcillin. Of these, 3 patients experienced an unrelated HSR, whereas 5 patients experienced the same non-IgE-mediated HSR that was attributed to nafcillin and discontinued cefazolin within 7 days. The most common HSR cited was immune-mediated nephritis; however, the majority were clinically presumed but did not meet objective diagnostic criteria. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with cefazolin after experiencing a suspected non-IgE-mediated HSR to nafcillin appears to be safe, even for patients requiring a prolonged duration of cefazolin.
Sex Differences in Brain Tumor Glutamine Metabolism Reveal Sex-Specific Vulnerabilities to Treatment

Sex differences in normal metabolism are well described, but whether they persist in cancerous tissue is unknown. We assessed metabolite abundance in glioblastoma surgical specimens and found that male glioblastomas are enriched for amino acids, including glutamine. Using PET imaging, we found that gliomas in male patients exhibit significantly higher glutamine uptake. These sex differences were well-modeled in murine transformed astrocytes, in which male cells imported and metabolized more glutamine and were more sensitive to glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibition. The sensitivity to GLS1 inhibition in males was driven by their dependence on glutamine-derived glutamate for -ketoglutarate synthesis and TCA cycle replenishment. Females were resistant to GLS1 inhibition through greater pyruvate carboxylase-mediated TCA cycle replenishment. Thus, clinically important sex differences exist in targetable elements of metabolism. Recognition of sex-biased metabolism is an opportunity to improve treatments for all patients through further laboratory and clinical research.
The cDNA Sequences Encoding the Polymeric Globins of Glycera dibranchiata

The nucleated erythrocytes of the marine polychaete Glycera dibranchiata, the bloodworm, contain several globin chains of ca. 17 kDa, separable into two Hb fractions (1-3): a “monomeric” fraction and a “polymeric” fraction consisting of self-associated globin chains. Both fractions are present in individual erythrocytes (4). The amino acid sequences of two “monomeric” Glycera globins have been determined, M-II (5) and M-IV (6), and the crystal structure of M-II (7) has been refined recendy to a 1.5 A resolution (8). In the “monomeric” globins, the distal His (E7) is replaced by a Leu residue. Furthermore, the two fractions exhibit extensive heterogeneity with at least five or six distinct components in the “monomeric” fraction (9-15) and a similar number of components in the “polymeric” fraction (16,17).
The Deadliest of Games: A Model of the Duel

Recent historical research indicates that ritualistic dueling had a rational basis. Basically, under certain social and economic conditions, individuals must …ght in order to maintain their personal credit and social standing. A model of the duel, therefore, can be constructed. We model the duel as a two–players sequential game. This paper shows that the optimal strategy of each player depends upon the value of three parameters, namely, “cost of …ghting,” “cost
Overview of the National Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Quality Assurance (QA) Program

As mandated by the Clean Water Act, wastewater treatment facilities are regulated under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). Direct discharges have unique NPDES permit with discharge limits and a self-monitoring requirement. The effectiveness of the NPDES Program hinges on the quality of the self-monitoring data. The DMR QA Program evaluates the date quality from the NPDES permittees. Since 1978, the Program has helped to assure the data quality of DMRs. Under this Program, all major permittees are annually sent performance samples, to be analyzed and reported the same way as required in the permits. The results of these permittee tests are compared with an established range of acceptance for each test parameter by EPA to identify potential problems with analytical or reporting procedures. EPA/State then follow-up through correspondence or on-site visits with permittees to resolve the problems. As an overview, the history, authority, procedures, use of data, and implementation issues are reviewed. 7 references, 4 tables.
Semicustom design of ASICs: silicon chips-versus-FPGAs for engineering education

Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) implementation is a definite move forward in large-scale electronics. ASICs offer better yield, life time, performance, as well as reliability as compared to traditional hybrid circuits. Effective use of Electronics Design Automation Tools (EDAT) is essential for successful ASICs. Also, the use of EDATs is expected to narrow the gap between the academia and industry. Thus, future graduating engineers would make effective contributions to the vastly developing electronics, national and international market. This paper compares the necessary background and the advantages of two alternatives for implementing semicustom design of ASICs; semicustom silicon chips, and Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). An 8/spl times/8 multiplier design example is used as illustration. The feasibility, accessibility and rewards of such educational experiences are also addressed. >
Vertical and Horizontal Migrations Affect Local and Integrated Water-Column Scattering Strengths

Abstract : Our long-term goals are to understand - to an extent that allows quantitative prediction - important interactions among acoustic propagation, marine organisms, particles (including sediments), solutes and moving fluids. The reason for these goals is to allow us to solve interesting forward and inverse problems in the marine environment.
Ash aggregation in explosive volcanic eruptions

[1] Eruption dynamics are sensitive to ash aggregation, and aggregates are commonly found in eruptive deposits. While ash dispersal and associated hazards are sensitive to aggregation, few experiments have been conducted on this phenomena using natural materials across the diverse range of conditions expected in volcanic flows. We have isolated two regimes, wet and dry, in which aggregation occurs due to two different forces, electrostatic and hydrodynamic. Using a closed chamber to create a controlled atmosphere, we found that relative humidity, residence time, and kinetic energy are the three variables necessary to define wet and dry flow regimes. A series of process-based equations defining the behavior of ash particles have been developed. We propose an aggregation model that can be used for ash dispersal forecasts across a range of conditions in an eruptive plume.
Capturing illicit drug use where and when it happens: an ecological momentary assessment of the social, physical and activity environment of using versus craving illicit drugs.

Aims To understand the environmental and contextual influences of illicit cocaine and heroin use and craving using mobile health (mHealth) methods. Design Interactive mHealth methods of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) were utilized in the Exposure Assessment in Current Time (EXACT) study to assess drug use and craving among urban drug users in real time. Participants were provided with mobile devices and asked to self-report every time they either craved (without using) or used heroin or cocaine for 30 days from November 2008 through May 2013. Setting Baltimore, MD, USA. Participants A total of 109 participants from the AIDS Linked to the IntraVenous Experience (ALIVE) study. Measurements For each drug use or craving event, participants answered questions concerning their drug use, current mood and their social, physical and activity environments. Odds ratios (OR) of drug use versus craving were obtained from logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations of all reported events. Findings Participants were a median of 48.5 years old, 90% African American, 52% male and 59% HIV-infected. Participants were significantly more likely to report use rather than craving drugs if they were with someone who was using drugs [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13, 1.86), in an abandoned space (aOR = 6.65, 95% CI = 1.78, 24.84) or walking/wandering (aOR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.54). Craving drugs was associated with being with a child (aOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.59), eating (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34, 0.85) or being at the doctor's office (aOR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12, 0.80). Conclusions There are distinct drug using and craving environments among urban drug users, which may provide a framework for developing real-time context-sensitive interventions.
Biology and management of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Washington cherry orchards

The biology and management of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Washington cherry orchards was investigated from 2003-2005. Two dominant species were identified attacking cherry ( Prunus spp.) orchards: the shothole borer, Scolytus rugulosus Muller, and an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborinus saxeseni Ratzeburg. S. rugulosus was the species most implicated in damage to healthy trees. Two distinct periods of S rugulosus activity occur in Washington, with a possible partial third in some locations. The first activity period begins in late April and peaks in late May to early June, with the second beginning in mid-July and peaks in late July to early August. Yellow sticky traps (unbaited apple maggot traps) were effective tools to monitor S. rugulosus activity but ethanol-baited intercept-style traps were necessary to monitor X. saxeseni activity. Movement of S. rugulosus into orchards was closely associated with emergence from outside hosts, generally a pile of recently pruned or cut wood placed outside the orchard. S. rugulosus readily moved distances of 10-50 m to attack trees on orchard borders, but did not move more than two or three rows into a healthy orchard. A residue bioassay technique demonstrated that several insecticides caused mortality of S. rugulosus adults. A pyrethroid, esfenvalerate, was the most active 21 d after treatment. Azinphos-methyl was acutely toxic to S. rugulosus , but for only seven d. Endosulfan and the neonicotinyls, thiamethoxam and acetamiprid, were somewhat toxic to S. rugulosus .
Taming the Heat Flux Problem: Advanced Divertors Towards Fusion Power

The next generation fusion machines are likely to face enormous heat exhaust problems. In addition to summarizing major issues and physical processes connected with these problems, we discuss how advanced divertors, obtained by modifying the local geometry, may yield workable solutions. We also point out that: (1) the initial interpretation of recent experiments show that the advantages, predicted, for instance, for the X-divertor (in particular, being able to run a detached operation at high pedestal pressure) correlate very well with observations, and (2) the X-D geometry could be implemented on ITER (and DEMOS) respecting all the relevant constraints. A roadmap for future research efforts is proposed.
On modification of penicillin antigenicity.

S ENSITIVITY reactions to penicillin are estimated to have an incidence of at least 5 per cent and constitute a calculated risk when this antibiotic is employed therapeutically. Nevertheless, penicillin is still used frequently because of its excellent bactericidal properties in diseases of streptococcal, pneumococcal, gonococcal, and spirochetal origin. Particularly in children. where the frequency of sensitivity reactions is reportedly lower than in thtb adult, penicillin continues to have wide use, both therapeutically and prophylactically. With continuing exposure of the public to penicillin, however, the C~UCStion of increasing sensitization deserves thought. Not only is the patient, likely to receive this antibiotic when ill; he is also likely to be exposed to small but immunologically significant amounts of this agent incidentally---in milk,l vaccines, troches, nasal sprays, etc2 The incidence of serious penicillin reactions being encountered when penicillin is employed therapeutically in a population so exposed has bectr described by Welch,3 who determined from a survey of 800 hospitals tha,t 80 per cent of the 2,905 antibiotic reactions occurring in those institutions from 1953 to 1957 were associated with the use of penicillin. The dist,urbing statistics revealed that (1) 900 life-threatening reactions involved penicillin, two-thirds of these following intramuscular administration, and (2) of these. there were eighty-three deaths resulting from anaphylactic shock, all but one following intramuscular use of penicillin. While this incidence of reactions is comparatively low in proportion to the numbrr of persons who must have received either oral or parenteral penicillin during that period, it must be appreciated that in the general population a significant number of sensitivity reactions go unrecognized, untreated, or unreported. The various types of penicillin reactions: as well as precautions and treatments, have been the subject of excellent articles,4 and the clinical aspects have been ably presented by Feinberg and associates.5, 6 Samter and Berryman7 have recently summarized some of the theoretical aspects of drug sensitivity and suspect that a cellular deficiency in the host of enzymatic, conjugating, or detoxifying mechanisms may be a prerequisite for the development of drug sensitivities. Whatever the role of t,he host, however, it is the
A STATEWIDE SURVEY OF EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT STANDARDS OF CARE FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES – VARIABILITY AND OPPORTUNITY FOR ADVANCEMENT

Emergency Department (ED) Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) care impacts morbidity and mortality. Variability in ED care standards for ACS exists. This study describes 2010 ED ACS care standards, with particular emphasis on ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), that exist in a Southwestern US
Differential Expression of Fibulin Family Proteins in Mechanically Strong vs. Weak Fetal Membrane Fragments

Untimely rupture of the fetal membranes (FM), the amnion and choriodecidua, which normally surround and protect the fetus prior to delivery, is a major cause of preterm birth and results in significant infant mortality and morbidity. The physiological mechanism which normally leads the FM to weaken and fail prior to birth is not known. Conventional thinking that FM rupture is precipitated by the stress of uterine contractions during labor fails to explain the 10% of term deliveries and 40% of preterm deliveries in which FM rupture is the sentinel event, preceding any uterine contractions. Recent studies from several laboratories indicate that the FM undergo a genetically-programmed, biochemically-mediated, maturation process, near term, which is characterized by collagen remodeling and apoptosis. In human FM, in contrast to rat membranes, these changes are limited to the region of the FM overlying the cervix [1]. In a series of publications, our group has demonstrated that human FM have a zone of physical weakness (decreased force to rupture and work to rupture relative to the other areas of the same FM) overlying the cervical opening of the uterus. We further demonstrate that this same zone is characterized by specific markers of increased collagen remodeling and apoptosis [1–3]. These regional characteristics develop prior to the onset of contractions of labor and persist until delivery. Furthermore, the rupture tear line of the FM intersects this weak zone and thus the rupture process is hypothesized to initiate in this weak zone [3]. In order to investigate how differences in the biochemical composition of the extra-cellular matrix of the weak and the strong zones of FM reflect their different biomechanical properties, we utilized a proteomics approach to identify differences in the abundance of specific proteins in weak and strong FM fragments. Initial 2-DIGE screening resolved differences in Fibulin 5 protein expression. This prompted further analysis of additional members of the Fibulin protein family.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Effects of spectral bandpass on SeaWiFS-retrieved near-surface optical properties of the ocean

A simple correction method to remove the spectral bandpass effects of the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) on the derived normalized water-leaving radiances and ocean-near-surface chlorophyll concentration is developed and implemented in the SeaWiFS data-processing system. SeaWiFS has not only in-band response structures but also significant sensor out-of-band contributions. The effects of the SeaWiFS out-of-band contribution at the green bands is particularly significant for the derived normalized water-leaving radiances and therefore for the retrieved ocean-near-surface chlorophyll concentration. With the sensor spectral bandpass corrections, the low chlorophyll concentration is even lower in the clear ocean regions, whereas there are almost no changes for the oceans with a chlorophyll concentration of >0.2 mg/m3.
Applying principles of individual, family and group psychotherapy to the treatment of twins

Psychotherapy for groups composed of twin dyads offers insight not otherwise encountered with other therapeutic modalities such as family, peer group and individual therapy. In particular, in the context of a group composed of pairs of twins, the therapist has the opportunity to explore the process of sibling rivalry, as well as perceptions of separateness and self-other identity. Moreover, interaction between the twins permits the therapist to evaluate areas of family and sibling conflict; interaction between the twin and a peer reveals interpersonal skills; finally, interaction between a twin and the therapist discloses material pertaining to individuation issues. This form of psychotherapy is a valuable method for the evaluation and treatment of twins.
Error control integration scheme for reliable NoC

To improve noise tolerance of link transmission and router buffers, we propose an error control scheme that integrates a powerful link error recovery method, an efficient buffer error correction coding, and an algorithm to further manage the loss of header and tail flits in a packet. With this method, header and tail flits can be effectively protected, reducing network saturation. Simulation results show the proposed scheme achieves up to a 9x improvement in operation time before saturation and 26% higher throughput than other error control methods. Simulations performed on a parallel FFT application mapped on a 4×4 mesh NoC demonstrate that the proposed error control scheme reduces the total computation time over a previous method in the high noise region.
A PC Interface for a Single-Ratio Stepper Motor

A very simple stepper motor controller was designed and built for a scanning monochromator. The circuit design centers around a programmable peripheral interface chip that controls the gate of four power transistors, which in turn activate the coils on the stepper motor. Besides being very inexpensive to build, the interface shows improved performance when compared to the commercially available controller.
Re: Late-onset group B streptococcal infection in identical twins: insight to disease pathogenesis.

Re: Late-Onset Group B Streptococcal Infection in Identical Twins: Insight to Disease Pathogenesis
Neonatal Complications: How Do They Impact on the Development of Self Regulation and Executive Processing Skills in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Children? † 1285

We previously reported outcome at 6, 12, 24, 40 and 54 months as part of an ongoing study of High Risk (HR) VLBW infants with chronic lung disease and/or Grade III or IV IVH (N=75), Low Risk (LR) VLBW infants with acute lung disease and/or Grade I or II IVH (N=118) and Full Term controls (FT) (N=114). The results of cognitive, neurologic and social function have shown HR have more impairment than LR and FT, LR have deficits in specific areas compared to FT and that LR persist in functioning in the low normal range. Premature children are at risk for social, behavioral and learning problems at school age and in adolescence. A potential precursor is problems in the development of self regulation or executive processing skills including organizing and regulating behaviors, ability to formulate goals and ability to take an active role in social and non-social situations. We evaluated our children to determine if there were differences in the three groups in acquisition of these types of skills. As part of their evaluation at 40 and 54 months, the children were evaluated with observational measures of self regulation and executive processing skills including the number of trials it took to obtain rewards in search tasks and the number of episodes spent in independent goal-directed toy play. Social initiating skills were evaluated by observational measures as the child interacted with the mother during daily activities and toy play. The results on the search task at 40 months showed HR scored significantly lower than FT but not LR children. In episodes of goal directed play, HR and LR children were significantly different (p<.001) from FT but were not different from each other. In social initiating, HR were significantly different (p<.05) from LR and FT. At 54 months the results on the search task showed that HR scored significantly different from LR and FT (p<.01) and LR and FT did not differ from each other. In episodes of goal directed play, HR and LR differed from FT. In initiating, there were no differences between groups. Between 40 and 54 months, there was an improvement in certain areas in the premature groups. The LR group improved in increased sophistication of goal directed toy play and the HR group improved in social initiations. Further research is needed to determine if improved social initiations with caregivers generalizes to better social interactions with peers and teachers at school age.
Antibody epitopes on g protein-coupled receptors mapped with genetically encoded photoactivatable cross-linkers.

We developed a strategy for creating epitope maps of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) containing photo-cross-linkers. Using human CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) as a model system, we genetically incorporated the photolabile unnatural amino acid p-azido-l-phenylalanine (azF) at various positions within extracellular loop 2 (EC2). We then mapped the interactions of the azF-CXCR4 variants with mAb 12G5 using targeted loss-of-function studies and photo-cross-linking in whole cells in a microplate-based format. We used a novel variation of a whole cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantitate cross-linking efficiency. 12G5 cross-linked primarily to residues 184, 178, and 189 in EC2 of CXCR4. Mapping of the data to the crystal structure of CXCR4 showed a distinct mAb epitope footprint with the photo-cross-linked residues clustered around the loss-of-function sites. We also used the targeted photo-cross-linking approach to study the interaction of human CC ch...
Vaccinia and other poxvirus expression vectors

Over the past year improvements have been made in recombinant vaccinia virus gene expression and a new method for inserting DNA into the poxvirus genome has been developed, along with alternative methods for selecting recombinant viruses. Attenuated and non-replicating vaccinia virus and avian poxvirus vectors are now being used successfully. Field trials of an oral, wild-life rabies vaccine and phase 1 testing of human vaccines derived from vaccinia virus are underway.
DHCEO accumulation is a critical mediator of pathophysiology in a Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome model

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by defective cholesterol biosynthesis. Mutations within the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), the last enzyme in the pathway, lead to the accumulation of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) in the brain tissue and blood of the SLOS patients. The objective of this study was to determine the consequences of the accumulation of an immediate cholesterol precursor, 7-DHC and its oxysterol metabolite, 3β,5α-dihydroxycholest-7-en-6-one (DHCEO), in the brain tissue of Dhcr7-KO mouse, a model for SLOS. We found that cholesterol, 7-DHC and DHCEO show region-specific distribution, suggesting that the midbrain and the cortex are the primary sites of vulnerability. We also report that neurons are ten fold more susceptible to a 7-DHC-derived oxysterol mixture than glial cells, and that DHCEO accelerates differentiation and arborization of cortical neurons. The overall results suggest that 7-DHC oxidative metabolites are critical contributors to altered neural development in SLOS. The future studies will test if antioxidant supplementation will ameliorate some of the clinical symptoms associated with this devastating disease.
Coupling finite and boundary element methods for 2-D elasticity problems

A finite element-boundary element (FE-BE) coupling method for two-dimensional elasticity problems is developed based on a weighted residual variational method in which a portion of the domain of interest is modeled by FEs and the remainder of the region by BEs. The performance of the FE-BE coupling method is demonstrated via applications to a simple 'patch test' problem and three-crack problems. The method passed the patch tests for various modeling configurations and yielded accurate strain energy release rates for the crack problems studied.
The Future of College Health

Abstract The field of college health, now in a period of unprecedented change, is at a major turning point in its development. Each of three surrounding environments—higher education, healthcare, and American society at large—are seen to be exerting considerable influence on college health services and programs. The author reviews developments in these three environments to point out some of the adaptations and adjustments that college health programs must make if they are to survive. Drawing on the tradition of college health, he identifies five features that represent strengths of college health programs, strengths that are particularly relevant to the challenges the field now faces. The author concludes by noting that college health programs and services not only can survive into the next century but can actually progress if they exploit these strengths while attending to the imperatives of local circumstances.
Reduced abundance of adult Ixodes dammini (Acari: Ixodidae) following destruction of vegetation.

To determine if destruction of woodland ground vegetation affects abundance of questing adult deer ticks, Ixodes dammini , four plots were burned and one plot was mowed at a tick-infested site in Cape Cod, Mass. Burning or mowing, followed by tick sampling by dragging, was undertaken during spring or fall when adult ticks were most active. Abundance of questing adult deer ticks was reduced by as much as 88% and persisted for as long as 12 months following burning, but this effect disappeared thereafter. Mowing produced similar results. Vegetation modification is an effective method of reducing local abundance of questing adult I. dammini .
Small-Area Estimation of County-Level Forest Attributes Using Ground Data and Remote Sensed Auxiliary Information

Small-area estimation (SAE) is a concept that has considerable potential for precise estimation of forest ecosystem attributes in partitioned forest populations. In this study, several estimators were compared as SAE techniques for 12 counties in the northern Oregon Coast range. The estimators that were compared consisted of three indirect estimators, multiple linear regression (MLR), gradient nearest neighbor imputation (GNN), and most similar neighbor imputation (MSN), and five composite estimators based on MLR, MSN, and GNN with county-level direct estimates. Forest attributes of interest were density (trees/ha), basal area (m 2 /ha), cubic volume (m 3 /ha), quadratic mean diameter (cm), and average height of 100 largest trees per ha. The sample consisted of 680 annual Forest Inventory Analysis plots, a spatially balanced sample across all conditions and ownerships. The auxiliary data consisted of 16 Landsat variables, a land cover classification, tree cover, and elevation. Overall, the composite estimators were superior when both precision and bias of estimation were considered. FOR .S CI. 59(5):536-548.
Proximity relations in the fuzzy relational database model

Abstract The fuzzy relational model of Buckles and Petry is a rigorous scheme for incorporating non-ideal or fuzzy information in a relational database. In addition to providing a consistent scheme for representing fuzzy information in the relational structure, the model possesses two critical properties that hold for classical relational databases. These properties are that no two tuples have identical interpretations and each relational operation has a unique result. The fuzzy relational model relies on similarity relations for each scalar domain in the fuzzy database. These relations are reflexive, symmetric, and max-min transitive. In addition to introducing fuzziness into the relational model, each similarity relation induces equivalence classes in its domain. It is the existence of these equivalence classes that provides the model with the important properties possessed by classical relational databases. In this paper, we extend the fuzzy relational database model of Buckles and Petry to deal with proximity relations for scalar domains. Since reflexivity and symmetry are the only constraints placed on proximity relations, they generalize the notion of similarity relations. We show that it is possible to induce equivalence classes from proximity relations; thus, the ‘nice’ properties of the fuzzy relational model of Buckles and Petry are preserved. Furthermore, the removal of the max-min transitivity restriction also provides database users with more freedom to express their value structures.
Photoluminescence from SiGe/Si quantum dots with wavelength in the visible range

Photoluminescence from Si0.7Ge0.3/Si quantum dots with a wavelength in the visible range is reported. The SiGe/Si quantum dots were fabricated by electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching of an SiGe/Si superlattice. A photoluminescence spectrum was obtained between 4.2 K and room temperature. As the temperature increased, the photoluminescence intensity decreased, with the peak position shifting slightly to a higher energy. The photoluminescence persisted up to room temperature with its intensity ~40% of that at 4.2 K.
Current trends in biologic research on alcoholism.

Substantial progress has been made over the last 10 years in understanding ethanol’s effects. Major contributions to this progress include the development of animal models of ‘alcoholism’ and the elucidation of the importance of genetic factors as determinants of the response to ethanol. Both of these advances have contributed to a hypothesis to explain ethanol’s intoxicating effects, i.e., that ethanol perturbs neuronal function by disordering neuronal membranes. A definition of the neurochemical concomitants of ethanol tolerance and dependence, aberrant drinking behavior and the relationship between these components of ‘alcoholism,’ is an important goal of future research. However, the hypothesis that a singular biochemical change is a determinant of all aspects of the response to ethanol may well be untenable and future investigations should utilize a broader conceptualization of the problem. The long-term goal of basic research regarding ethanol’s effects is to develop an understanding of the mechanism(s) by which ethanol acts, so that rational strategies may be designed to alleviate the damaging effects of alcohol on the human body and to prevent or decrease the incidence of societal problems produced by ethanol. When one reviews the research literature, it sometimes appears that this goal has been lost in the often contradictory details of experimental results. However, a closer analysis of the discoveries and controversies of the last 10 years suggests that substantial progress has been made in the elucidation of the nature of ethanol’s acute effects, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery. Furthermore, the directions for future research which are most likely to prove fruitful are becoming clearly delineated. A major factor in the progress which has been made in the last decade is the development of animal models of ‘alcoholism’ [ 11, While these models do not encompass all aspects of the human problem, they do permit quantitative analysis of the determinants of the intoxicating effects of ethanol, as well as investigation of the development and expression of ethanol tolerance and physical dependence. Even prior to the appearance of such models, significant advances had been made in the treatment of acute withdrawal symptoms in dependent alcoholics. For example, the work of
Major Phenolic Acids and Total Antioxidant Activity in Mamaki Leaves, Pipturus albidus

Three phenolic acids, (+)catechins, chlorogenic acid, and rutin, were identified and quantified in Mamaki leaves using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique. Concentrations of (+)catechins, chlorogenic acid, and rutin varied from 1.1 to 5.0 mg/g of Mamaki leaves as determined in the extract using 0.5% acetic acid in 90% aqueous methanol. This study also quantified total antioxidant capacity using the photochemiluminescence method, which was expressed in equivalents to ascorbic acid (AA). Mamaki teas brewed for 30 min contained total antioxidant activity (TAA) between 238 and 259 mg AA/g of tea. Mamaki teas brewed for 1 h and stored at 4 h, 1 d, and 3 d at 4 degrees C had available TAA 293, 271, 172, and 163 mg AA/g of tea leaves, respectively. The concentrations of (+)catechins and rutin in Mamaki leaves are compared to other types of popular teas. Mamaki teas contained relatively low amounts of TAA compared to green teas and Lipton teas.
Poly(diaryl)stannanes: Influence of Substituents on the σ−σ* Transition Energy

Poly(diaryl)stannanes were prepared by the dehydropolymerization of secondary hydrostannanes Ar2SnH2 with dimethylzirconocene catalyst. At room temperature, H(Ar2Sn)nH polystannanes (Ar = p-tBu-C6H...
Dislocation focus construction in Chinese

The use of the Dislocation Focus Construction (DFC) (also known as “Right Dislocation”) in colloquial Chinese (including Cantonese and Mandarin) gives rise to various non-canonical word orders. In DFCs, the sentence particle (SP) occurs in a sentence-medial position. The pre- and post-SP materials are demonstrated to be syntactically connected, based on four diagnostic tests, namely (i) the zinghai ‘only’ test, (ii) the doudai (“wh-the-hell”) test, (iii) polarity item licensing, and (iv) Principle C violations. The findings offer new insights into the syntax of the Chinese left periphery and constraints on focus movement. First, the observations entail that Chinese CPs are head-initial, and an XP is obligatorily moved around the SP to a position higher than the CP. Second, the XP-raising in the DFC is argued to be driven by focus because of the focus interpretation induced. It is discovered that the focus movement is subject to the Spine Constraint, which turns out to be remarkably similar to the properties of the Nuclear Stress Rule (e.g., selection of focus set and metrical invisibility). It is argued that the DFC is the syntactic realization of the rule.
RosettaDesign server for protein design

The RosettaDesign server identifies low energy amino acid sequences for target protein structures (http://rosettadesign.med.unc.edu). The client provides the backbone coordinates of the target structure and specifies which residues to design. The server returns to the client the sequences, coordinates and energies of the designed proteins. The simulations are performed using the design module of the Rosetta program (RosettaDesign). RosettaDesign uses Monte Carlo optimization with simulated annealing to search for amino acids that pack well on the target structure and satisfy hydrogen bonding potential. RosettaDesign has been experimentally validated and has been used previously to stabilize naturally occurring proteins and design a novel protein structure.
Part one: Class and sociability among urban workers: A study of the bar as social club

(1978). Part one: Class and sociability among urban workers: A study of the bar as social club. Medical Anthropology: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 9-30.
Spatial Thinking in Undergraduate Science Education

Abstract:Spatial thinking is central to many scientific domains and professions spatial ability predicts success and participation in science. However spatial thinking is not is not emphasized in our educational system. This paper presents a selective review of four types of studies regarding spatial thinking in undergraduate science curricula; (1) correlational studies examining the relations between measures of spatial ability and performance in science disciplines, (2) studies that attempt to train aspects of spatial thinking, (3) studies of how students understand specific spatial representations in sciences (4) studies that use dynamic spatial representations to promote scientific understanding. For each type of study, the evidence is critically evaluated and conclusions are drawn about how to nurture spatial thinking in science.
Magnetic Resonance Studies of Met‐Myoglobin and Myoglobin Azide

The variation of electron spin resonance lineshapes with orientation of single‐crystal myoglobins are studied for high‐spin (S=52) Fe3+ in met‐myoglobin and low‐spin (S=½) Fe3+ in myoglobin azide. It is found that for both these crystals random variations of about 2° in the orientation of the symmetry axes contribute significantly to the observed linewidths. For met‐myoglobin, these misorientations are sufficient to explain the observed angular dependence of the linewidths. In the case of myoglobin azide, however, there is an additional broadening due to a 3.5% random variation in the rhombic molecular field. Theoretical expressions describing the effects of random distributions of rhombic field parameters on linewidth are derived and fitted to the observed linewidths. Further lineshape changes are interpreted in terms of an anisotropic‐exchange interaction between equivalent paramagnetic sites. A brief account of attempts to study the electron nuclear‐double resonance (ENDOR) spectrum of the myoglobin is...
A method to define low-altitude rocket exhaust characteristics and impingement effects

Semiempirical methods are used to describe the free flowfield from a moderately underexpanded nozzle and to predict the normal impingement effects of pressure and heat-transfer to a flat plate. Results compare favorably with data obtained from the literature and from impingement tests using a highly aluminized solid propellant rocket. In the free flowfield, the supersonic core length and the subsonic, centerline, recovery pressure and temperature distributions are determined from empirical equations. Simplifying assumptions are made in the supersonic region which smooth the complex flow and discontinuities that really exist. Radial distributions are based on the conservation of momentum, the assumption of a Gaussian momentum distribution, and the one-dimensional isentropic flow equations. The Fay-Riddell heating equation describes the laminar stagnation region on the plate. Otherwise, the Van Driest turbulent heating equation is used with the velocity gradient dependent on the plate recovery pressure gradients.
Fabrication of stable anisotropic microcapsules

The layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte adsorption technique has been combined with the particle lithography technique to produce anisotropic polymer microcapsules each with a single nanoscale patch. The patch region covers roughly 5% of the capsule surface area, while the remaining 95% of the capsule surface is reinforced with a fluorescent nanoparticle shell. The nanoparticle shell maintains the capsule integrity and stability in suspension, while also providing a foundation for further ionic or covalent modification. The microcapsules are pH sensitive to loading and release, which we show by loading Rd6G red fluorescent dye, and they shrink and swell in response to solution pH. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirms that these dual-functionalized capsules have a single precisely-placed nanoscale red region (revealing the underlying fluorescence) on an otherwise green surface (due to the nanoparticle coating). Even after the capsules are dehydrated, they re-hydrate intact and assume their original spherical morphology, demonstrating a resilient “Lazarus behavior”. The fabrication technique avoids organic solvents, is adaptable, and produces anisotropic microcapsules that are robust to many solution conditions.