cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-frequency ventricular ectopy can increase sympathetic neural activity in humans

Background Sudden cardiac death is usually caused by ventricular arrhythmias and in many cases, is preceded by frequent ventricular ectopy. It is known that ectopic beats cause transient increases in sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). Objective Because high SNA is known to be arrhythmogenic, we hypothesized that high rates of ectopy increase SNA, thereby creating a milieu that favors development of ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation. Methods This study measured muscle SNA, coronary sinus catecholamine, and arterial pressure during graded rates of ventricular ectopy (from 4:1 to 1:1, sinus to ectopic beat ratio) in a total of 21 patients referred for electrophysiologic testing. Results Both muscle SNA and coronary sinus norepinephrine increased significantly with increased ectopy frequency (P Conclusion These data demonstrate that sympathoexcitation evoked by high rates of ventricular ectopy can contribute to a state of elevated SNA both in peripheral tissues and within the heart. This altered autonomic state may contribute to an increased susceptibility to life-threatening tachyarrhythmias in patients with high rates of ectopy.
Challenges of incorporating Guided-Inquiry Learning in an Engineering Optimization Class

This record contains a draft of the paper and the supporting information used to support it. The paper is intended as a description of the instructor's experience teaching the course. As this was not developed as a research effort (POGIL has been used in multiple contexts, engineering optimization was not expected to create any challenges), student information (qualitative or quantitative) was not captured. The paper is a short paper submitted to ASME. From the Session description DEC - 8 - 1 Innovative Approaches for Engineering Design Education—Short Paper Session(http://www.asmeconferences.org/IDETC2014/CallForPapersDetail.cfm): "This session would consist of short presentations on innovations in the classroom that are under exploration by instructors. These shorter papers are not expected to have complete assessments or student feedback."
Model Glycosulfopeptides from P-selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Require Tyrosine Sulfation and a Core 2-branched O-Glycan to Bind to L-selectin

L-selectin expressed on leukocytes is involved in lymphocyte homing to secondary lymphoid organs and leukocyte recruitment into inflamed tissue. L-selectin binds to the sulfated sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo-sLex) epitope present on O-glycans of various glycoproteins in high endothelial venules. In addition, L-selectin interacts with the dimeric mucin P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) expressed on leukocytes. PSGL-1 lacks 6-sulfo-sLex but contains sulfated tyrosine residues (Tyr-SO3)at positions 46, 48, and 51 and sLex in a core 2-based O-glycan (C2-O-sLex) on Thr at position 57. The role of tyrosine sulfation and core 2 O-glycans in binding of PSGL-1 to L-selectin is not well defined. Here, we show that L-selectin binds to a glycosulfopeptide (GSP-6) modeled after the extreme N terminus of human PSGL-1, containing three Tyr-SO3 and a nearby Thr modified with C2-O-sLex. Leukocytes roll on immobilized GSP-6 in an L-selectin-dependent manner, and rolling is dependent on Tyr-SO3 and C2-O-sLex on GSP-6. The dissociation constant for binding of L-selectin to GSP-6, as measured by equilibrium gel filtration, is approximately 5 microm. Binding is dependent on Tyr-SO3 residues as well as the sialic acid and fucose residues of C2-O-sLex. Binding to an isomeric glycosulfopeptide containing three Tyr-SO3 residues and a core 1-based O-glycan expressing sLex was reduced by approximately 90%. All three Tyr-SO3 residues of GSP-6 are required for high affinity binding to L-selectin. Low affinity binding to mono- and disulfated GSPs is largely independent of the position of the Tyr-SO3 residues, except for some binding preference for an isomer sulfated on both Tyr-48 and -51. These results demonstrate that L-selectin binds with high affinity to the N-terminal region of PSGL-1 through cooperative interactions with three sulfated tyrosine residues and an appropriately positioned C2-O-sLex O-glycan.
Results from Using the CSAMT Geophysical Technique to Map Oil Recovery Processes

The use of the controlled source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) electromagnetic geophysical prospecting technique to map steamflood and fireflood EOR (enhanced oil recovery) processes is evaluated. Results are presented of the CSAMT technique mapping of a steamflood, tar sand oil recovery experiment (depth, 500 ft) and of the mapping of a fireflood heavy oil recovery experiment (depth, 360 ft). In both experiments, contours of constant apparent resistivity for measurements taken several months apart show the movement and asymmetry of both processes. The CSAMT shows promise as a technique to map EOR processes. 5 refs.
Minimizing AED Adverse Effects: Improving Quality of Life in the Interictal State in Epilepsy Care

The goals of epilepsy therapy are to achieve seizure freedom while minimizing adverse effects of treatment. However, producing seizure-freedom is often overemphasized, at the expense of inducing adverse effects of treatment. All antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have the potential to cause dose-related, "neurotoxic" adverse effects (i.e., drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, blurry vision, and incoordination). Such adverse effects are common, especially when initiating AED therapy and with polytherapy. Dose-related adverse effects may be obviated in most patients by dose reduction of monotherapy, reduction or elimination of polytherapy, or substituting for a better tolerated AED. Additionally, all older and several newer AEDs have idiosyncratic adverse effects which usually require withdrawal in an affected patient, including serious rash (i.e., Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis), hematologic dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, teratogenesis in women of child bearing potential, bone density loss, neuropathy, and severe gingival hyperplasia. Unfortunately, occurrence of idiosyncratic AED adverse effects cannot be predicted or, in most cases, prevented in susceptible patients. This article reviews a practical approach for the definition and identification of adverse effects of epilepsy therapies, and reviews the literature demonstrating that adverse effects result in detrimental quality of life in epilepsy patients. Strategies for minimizing AED adverse effects by reduction or elimination of AED polytherapy, appropriately employing drug-sparing therapies, and optimally administering AEDs are outlined, including tenets of AED selection, titration, therapeutic AED laboratory monitoring, and avoidance of chronic idiosyncratic adverse effects.
Hepatocyte growth factor.

The two papers in this issue of HEPATOLOGY (1, 2) dealing with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) underscore the increasing importance of this novel growth factor in relation to hepatic growth biology. The emerging literature has already established HGF as a growth factor with potential importance not only for the liver but for other tissues such as the kidney, placenta, brain, lung, pancreas and hemopoietic tissues. This editorial will attempt to correlate the findings of the two HGF papers presented in this issue of HEPATOLOGY, summarize the existing literature on HGF and provide a synthetic overview for its role in the liver and other tissues. Several specific features already described set HGF aside in comparison with other growth factors in terms of structure and function.
Pain management in fibromyalgia.

Purpose of review Pain is the primary presenting symptom in the vast majority of inflammatory and noninflammatory rheumatic diseases. Patients tell us that improved pain relief is a principal concern. Many pain complaints respond incompletely to the treatment of the primary rheumatic disorder and pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia do not respond to traditional analgesic medications. Therefore, proper management requires consideration of additional medications for symptomatic relief. This review addresses newer strategies for the treatment of pain in patients with fibromyalgia that may be also useful in patients with other rheumatic diseases. Recent findings New medications have been developed with a better understanding of chronic pain mechanisms that principally address pain neurobiology at the levels of the spinal cord and the brain. Clinical studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the alpha-2-delta ligands (gabapentin and pregabalin) and the norepinephrine/serotonin reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine and milnacipran) in fibromyalgia. Summary Patients with chronic pain, best classified as fibromyalgia, either primary or in association with other rheumatic disorders, may experience benefit from new therapies targeting central pain mechanisms.
Radiative lifetimes and kinetic studies of metastable NO+ (a3Σ) and O2+ (a4Πu

Abstract The lowest energy metastable electronic states of the nitric oxide and molecular oxygen cations have been studied using Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Using very low neutral reactant pressures and ion trapping periods of up to several seconds, the radiative relaxation rate of the metastable ion becomes competitive with its reaction rate. In this fashion both kinetic information and the radiative lifetime of the metastable state are obtained. The measured rate constants for the reactions of NO+ (a3Σ+) with CO2 [k = (1.0 ± 0.2)×10−9 cm3/s] and of O2+ (a4Πu) with Ar [k = (4.9 ± 1.5)×10−10 cm3/s] are in agreement with earlier results. The measured lifetimes of the NO+ metastable (τ = 1.45 s) and the O2+ metastable (τ = 0.22 s) are discussed using a four-state spin-orbit coupling model which predicts metastable radiative lifetimes which agree reasonably well with the experimental values.
Erythropoietin is produced by tubular cells of the rat kidney.

The cellular site of erythropoietin (epo) production within the mammalian kidney is still not completely understood. In the present study, we examined the expression of epo mRNA in microdissected rat nephron segments by RT-PCR after induction of epo expression with cobalt chloride. Erythropoietin mRNA was not detected in nephron segments from saline injected rats. In cobalt chloride injected animals, epo mRNA was found in the majority of samples from the cortical region of the nephron, PCT, and CAL. Medullary tubule preparations (MCT and MAL) were mostly negative for epo mRNA, and glomeruli were uniformly negative. The induction of epo transcripts in tubular cells by cobalt chloride was paralleled by stimulation of the major transport enzyme in the kidney, namely, Na−K ATPase in a tubular profile similar to that of induction of epo transcripts. These results support some earlier findings that epo gene expression in response to cobalt salt stimulation of rat kidney occurs in transporting tubular epithelial cells.
40Ar retention in the terrestrial planets.

The solid Earth is widely believed to have lost its original gases through a combination of early catastrophic release and regulated output over geologic time. In principle, the abundance of 40Ar in the atmosphere represents the time-integrated loss of gases from the interior, thought to occur through partial melting in the mantle followed by melt ascent to the surface and gas exsolution. Here we present data that reveal two major difficulties with this simple magmatic degassing scenario—argon seems to be compatible in the major phases of the terrestrial planets, and argon diffusion in these phases is slow at upper-mantle conditions. These results challenge the common belief that the upper mantle is nearly degassed of 40Ar, and they call into question the suitability of 40Ar as a monitor of planetary degassing. An alternative to magmatism is needed to release argon to the atmosphere, with one possibility being hydration of oceanic lithosphere consisting of relatively argon-rich olivine and orthopyroxene. The noble gases are widely used as tracers of mantle degassing on Earth and the other 'terrestrial' planets, but new work raises doubts over the practice. Specifically it is thought that the abundance of argon-40 in the atmosphere represents the total loss of gases from the interior over time via partial melting in the mantle followed by melt ascent to the surface and gas exsolution. New data on argon solubility in the olivine and orthopyroxene minerals of the upper mantle reveal two major difficulties with this scenario. First, the tacit assumption that all noble gases behave as incompatible elements during mantle melting is undermined by the finding that argon seems to be more compatible with the major phases of the terrestrial planets than was thought. And second, argon diffusion in these phases is slow. This challenges the common belief that the upper mantle is almost completely degassed of argon-40 and questions its value as a monitor of planetary degassing. It is thought that the abundance of 40Ar in the atmosphere represents the time-integrated loss of gases from the interior through partial melting in the mantle followed by melt ascent to the surface and gas exsolution. But data now presented reveal two major difficulties with this simple magmatic degassing scenario: that argon is compatible in the major phases of the terrestrial planets and that argon diffusion in these phases is slow at upper-mantle conditions.
Research Article: Extensions to least-cost path algorithms for roadway planning

Finding a least-cost-path in a raster data format is a useful function in geographical information systems. However, existing algorithms are often inadequate for practical roadway planning. This paper improves conventional algorithms by including the considerations of spatial distances, anisotropic costs and the presence of bridges and tunnels in the paths. This new algorithm is implemented in JAVA to run with actual remote sensing and DEM data. The experimental results show that this approach produces realistic least-cost paths for practical roadway planning.
Large-Scale, Full-Wave-Based Emulation of Step-Frequency Forward-Looking Radar Imaging in Rough Terrain Environments

Large-scale, full-wave modeling of multistatic target imaging in a rough ground environment is described. The emulation methodology employs a parallelized three-dimensional “near-field” finite-difference time-domain algorithm in characterizing the electromagnetic scattering from the ground surface and buried and on-surface targets in the form of landmines and unexploded ordnances; subsequent focusing of the scattered fields into an image is obtained by exploiting the time-reversal technique applied over a spectral band consistent with one used by a step-frequency system under development. Imaging performance is investigated with numerical experiments for both single- and multi-aperture sensing geometries. The emphasis of this study is on examining the responses of discrete ground targets in the presence of distributed variable ground clutter as relevant to performance prediction for ultra-wideband forward-looking radar applications.
Disparity Map Refinement for Video Based Scene Change Detection Using a Mobile Stereo Camera Platform

This paper presents a novel disparity map refinement method and vision based surveillance framework for the task of detecting objects of interest in dynamic outdoor environments from two stereo video sequences taken at different times and from different viewing angles by a mobile camera platform. The proposed framework includes several steps, the first of which computes disparity maps of the same scene in two video sequences. Preliminary disparity images are refined based on estimated disparities in neighboring frames. Segmentation is performed to estimate ground planes, which in turn are used for establishing spatial registration between the two video sequences. Finally, the regions of change are detected using the combination of texture and intensity gradient features. We present experiments on detection of objects of different sizes and textures in real videos.
Do Environmental Sustainable Practices of Organic Wine Suppliers Affect Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions? The Moderating Role of Trust:

Growing consumer interest in sustainable products and an increased emphasis on supply chain relationships within the organic wine industry necessitate a more in-depth understanding of the effects o...
Diffusion on random lattices

We study the motion of a point particle along the bonds of a two-dimensional random lattice, whose sites are randomly occupied with right and left rotators, which scatter the particle according to deterministic scattering rules. We consider both a Poisson (PRL) and a vectorized random lattice (VRL) and fixed as well as flipping scatterers. On both lattices, for fixed scatterers and equal concentrations of right and left rotators the same anomalous diffusion of the particle is obtained as before for the triangular lattice, where the mean square displacement is ∼t, the diffusion process non-Gaussian, and the particle trajectories exhibit scaling behavior as at a percolation threshold. For unequal concentrations the particle is trapped exponentially rapidly. This system can be considered as an extreme case of the Lorentz lattice gases on regular lattices discussed before or as an example of the motion of a particle along cracks or (grain or cellular) boundaries on a two-dimensional surface.
CLINICAL EFFECT OF THE ORAL USE OF METHYL TESTOSTERONE IN EUNUCHOIDISM1

THE EFFECTS of the administration of androgens in testicular deficiency have been well described in the past few years, clinically by McCullagh (1) and metabolically by Kenyon et al. (2). Androgens have heretofore been administered by intramuscular injection of testosterone propionate in oil, percutaneously and by subcutaneous pellet implantation (3). Foss (4) and McCullagh (5) described the effects of peroral methyl testosterone in testicular deficiency. The latter concludes that oral methyl testosterone is effective therapy in eunuchoidism and in terms of clinical symptoms its effectiveness as compared to testosterone propionate injections approximates three or four to one. He further states that the increase in urinary androgens following clinically effective doses of the propionate does not occur to the same degree after methyl testosterone. We have used oral methyl testosterone since January, 1940, for disorders in both male and female. Results, however, are being reported only in eunuchoidism since ...
Naproxen or estradiol for bleeding and spotting with the levonorgestrel intrauterine system: a randomized controlled trial

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether oral naproxen or transdermal estradiol decreases bleeding and spotting in women who are initiating the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Study Design We conducted a randomized controlled trial of naproxen, estradiol, or placebo that was administered over the first 12 weeks of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system use. Participants completed a written bleeding diary. We imputed missing values and performed an intention-to-treat analysis. Results There were 129 women who were assigned randomly to naproxen (n = 42 women), estradiol (n = 44 women), or placebo (n = 43 women). The naproxen group was more likely to be in the lowest quartile of bleeding and spotting days compared with placebo (42.9% vs 16.3%; P = .03). In the multivariable analysis, the naproxen group had a 10% reduction in bleeding and spotting days (adjusted relative risk, 0.90; 95% confidence interval, 0.84–0.97) compared with placebo. More frequent bleeding and spotting was observed in the estradiol group (adjusted relative risk, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.34). Conclusion The administration of naproxen resulted in a reduction in bleeding and spotting days compared with placebo.
Robust site-resolvable quantum gates in an optical lattice via inhomogeneous control

Ultracold atoms in optical lattices are promising for quantum information applications, but it is important to address individual sites with high accuracy and low cross-talk. Lee et al. adapt inhomogeneous control methods to improve the performance of single-qubit gates for selected sites.
Dietary patterns and cancer of the digestive tract in older patients.

This study involved 97 male veterans (age range, 45–65) in four approximately equal groups, classified as follows: 1) colon or rectal cancer, 2) upper digestive-tract cancers, 3) other cancers, and 4) additional controls (no cancer). Dietary histories of these cancer and noncancer inpatients were recorded to see whether or not consumption of particular substances could be predictive of cancer. The interactions of substances in combination such as sugar × fat, and alcohol × smoking, proved to be important predictors of cancer of the upper digestive tract. The degree of coffee consumption was a predictor of nondigestive-tract cancer. However, colorectal cancer patients could not be distinguished from non-cancer patients by the dietary variables examined.
Computers and the Postindustrial Society: Symbiosis or Information Tyranny?

We are moving toward a postindustrial society in which knowledge and information are strategic resources. Central to this society are information, communication, and computer technology implying social changes, which in turn imply major policy questions. There is a need to consider the present and future effect of large-scale computerization on the individual's rights, style of life, method of work, and the ways in which society and institutions operate.
Angiotensin i-converting enzyme in the nephron.

Abstract Goat antibody to swine kidney angiotensin I-converting enzyme was coupled to fluorescein isothiocyanate and was used to react with the converting enzyme in slices of swine kidney. Converting enzyme was present throughout the nephron and was concentrated in the convoluted tubules, especially in the proximal tubule. This finding is supported by high converting enzyme activity in the homogenate of Morris MK2 renal tumor, which is a transplanted adenocarcinoma of the proximal tubules of the rat kidney.
A Genome-Wide Housekeeping Role for TFIID and a Highly Regulated Stress-Related Role for SAGA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

TFIID and SAGA share a common set of TAFs, regulate chromatin, and deliver TBP to promoters. Here we examine their relationship within the context of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome-wide regulatory network. We find that while TFIID and SAGA make overlapping contributions to the expression of all genes, TFIID function predominates at ∼90% and SAGA at ∼10% of the measurable genome. Strikingly, SAGA-dominated genes are largely stress induced and TAF independent, and are downregulated by the coordinate action of a variety of chromatin, TBP, and RNA polymerase II regulators. In contrast, the TFIID-dominated class is less regulated, but is highly dependent upon TAFs, including those shared between TFIID and SAGA. These two distinct modes of transcription regulation might reflect the need to balance inducible stress responses with the steady output of housekeeping genes.
NIGHT OF THE PERFECT ELECTRICAL STORM: ISCHEMIA INDUCED POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA OR TORSADES DE POINTES

Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the setting of cardiac ischemia in a patient with chronic QT (QTc) prolonging drug use requires consideration of electrical disturbance etiology before medical management. QTc prolonging agents, along with beta blockers which reduce heart rate (HR) when
Intensity and Preference for Sweetness is Influenced by Genetic Taste Variation

Abstract The ability to taste 6-rt-propylthiouracil (PROP) bitterness is a marker for genetic taste variation. Those tasting PROP as very bitter (i.e., supertasters) also perceive more intense sensations from a variety of taste (e.g., sweet, bitter) and oral somatosensory (e.g., fat, irritants) stimuli. We tested if PROP tasting was associated with sweet intensity and preference. Twenty-two males and 15 females (20-35 years; low dietary restraint) used the labeled magnitude scale (Green et al, 1993) to rate: sweet intensity and degree of liking/disliking for 3 sucrose solutions (5,10,20% w/vol) and 5 sweet foods (2 candies, icing, 2 jellies); and bitter intensity of 5 PROP solutions (.032 to 3.2 mM). This scale has ratio properties and allows expression of a range of sensory and hedonic experiences (i.e., avoids ceiling effects). Data were analyzed with the chi square statistic (significance criterion: p^.05). For sucrose solutions, sweet dislikers and liters were identified based on their hedonic responses to increasing sucrose concentration. Sweet dislikers (n=10) were more likely than liters (n=20) to perceive the 20% sucrose as above "strong" for sweetness and 3.2 mM PROP as above "strong" for bitterness. In all subjects, those who rated the average sweetness of foods as above "strong" were also most likely to rate PROP bitterness as above "strong." Those tasting PROP bitterness as above "strong" were most likely to rate 2 of 5 foods (milk chocolate, icing) as less than "moderate" for liking. In summary, appropriate scaling techniques can reveal associations between PROP tasting and intensity of and preference for sweet solutions and common sweet foods. Supertasters of PROP may find some sweet foods less pleasant because the sweetness is too intense.
THE EFFECT OF GESTATIONAL AGE, ACUTE ILLNESS AND TYPE OF FEEDINGS ON THYROID HORMONE (T4) LEVELS IN PREMATURE INFANTS

125 critically ill premature infants with depressed blood T4 levels during the first postnatal week (mean ± SEM 3.28 ± .13 mcg/dl) which normalized by 2-3 weeks of age (6.5±.34 mcg/dl) were included in the study. Initial blood T4 levels correlated positively with birthweight (r=0.51) and gestational age (r=0.49) and negatively with a clinical score which took into account the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, the length of hospitalization and the duration of mechanical ventilation (r=-0.51, p < 0.05). No significant correlations were seen between initial and repeated T4 levels and 1 and 5 minute Apgar scores. The effect of feedings on repeated T4 levels was studied on a subsample of infants who were free of acute illness and receiving 3 different feeding regimens: 100% of total calories as hyperalimentation (n=24), greater than 50% of total calories as formula (n=22), and greater than 50% of total calories as preterm human milk (n=7). T4 levels in these 3 groups were respectively 5.4 ± 0.8, 6.95 ± 0.6 and 9.4 ± 0.4 mcg/dl (p < 0.05). A positive correlation between intake of human milk varying from 10% to 100% and repeated T4 levels was also observed in 15 infants (r=0.64). This study demonstrates that the degree of prematurity, the presence of acute illness and the type of feeding can have an adverse effect on blood T4 levels and should be considered when assessing thyroid function in premature neonates. Our data suggests that thyroid hormone related components in preterm human milk contribute to the thyroid economy in premature infants.
An implicit time-integration procedure for a set of internal variable constitutive equations for isotropic elasto-viscoplasticity

Abstract In the past decade or so, a substantial body of work on state variable constitutive equations for elasto-viscoplasticity has appeared in the literature. Such constitutive equations are known to be numerically very stiff. In this paper we formulate a fully implicit, Euler backward time-integration procedure for a set of internal variable constitutive equations for isothermal, isotropic elasto-viscoplasticity with isotropic hardening. The time-integration procedure is a generalization of the well-known “radial-return” algorithm of classical rate-independent plasticity, and it should therefore be well suited for implementation in large-scale finite element codes. As an example, we have implemented the procedure in the finite element code ABAQUS, and using a set of specific constitutive equations, we show the results of two sample problems.
Evaluation of cardiac 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: reviewing NMR principles.

Abstract 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used for several decades as an analytical tool in cardiac research and is quickly emerging as a diagnostic tool, due to its ability to continuously and noninvasively monitor levels of high energy phosphates, inorganic phosphate, and intracellular pH in localized regions of the myocardium. This article provides a brief review of basic MRS principles, presents some current techniques of localized spectroscopy related to experimental and clinical cardiac research, and discusses their advantages and disadvantages.
Quantum Chromodynamic Predictions for Inclusive Spin Spin Asymmetries at Large Transverse Momentum

We discuss predictions for the asymmetry ${A}_{\mathrm{LL}}$ in the inclusive production at large ${p}_{T}$ of charged and neutral pions by longitudinally polarized protons. We work in the framework of a hard-scattering model based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Various assumptions for the distribution of the proton's spin among its constituents---quarks, ocean antiquarks, and gluons---and the effects of scaling violations on the parton distributions are considered.
Enhanced flammability of polyurethane foam

Tests indicate that different brands of polyurethane foam will exhibit different burning characteristics when coated with a polystyrene sealer.
Electron microscopic cytochemical localization of Ca-ATPase in the rod outer segments of the toad Bufo marinus

Transmission electron microscopy and ultracytochemistry were employed in an attempt to localize the enzyme calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) in the rod outer segments (ROS) of the toad retina. Utilizing a one-step incubation procedure, Ca-ATPase was identified as an electron-dense precipitate in the intradiskal spaces of the rod disks (vesicles) of the ROS. Analytical microscopy identified the reaction product as lead phosphate. The formation of the reaction product was dependent on the presence of ATP (the substrate) and calcium ions. However, calcium ions could be substituted for by magnesium ions. In addition, the reaction was vanadate sensitive. The latter is known to inhibit Ca-ATPase activity. Such data appear to indicate the presence of a Ca-Mg-ATPase in association with the rod disks. Since cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP), rather than calcium ions, is currently believed to be the primary intracellular messenger associated with phototransduction, the presence of an ROS Ca-ATPase may indicate other functions for this cation in the physiology and biochemistry of the visual process. Ca-ATPase might play a role in directional calcium fluxes between intracellular compartments.
Combining ontologies to automatically generate temporal perspectives of geospatial domains

This paper describes an approach for automatically combining geospatial and temporal ontologies such that a geospatial domain can be analyzed over multiple temporal granularities. Terms from a geospatial ontology are combined with terms from a temporal ontology to form cross products that provide an integrated spatiotemporal framework. This framework is multi-granular, highlighting elements from the geospatial ontology at different domain times. We show how pairs of ontologies represented in Protege can be used as the input for deriving cross products and how the results of this technique can be used as a basis for querying and retrieving new perspectives on geospatial domains. Visualizations of cross product spaces highlight the geospatial---temporal combinations of terms as well as the different relations that link these terms and improve the understanding of the structure of the spatiotemporal framework. Methods for filtering terms from the cross products are also investigated in order to prune the resulting frameworks and remove irrelevant or unnecessary terms.
The Effect of the Social Welfare System on Metropolitan Migration in the US, by Income Group, Gender and Family Structure:

This research paper addresses some important issues regarding out-migration from and in-migration to metropolitan areas in the U.S. particularly the effect of the social welfare system on migration decisions. The primary focus is on migration by income group (poor versus non-poor) with a secondary focus on how gender and family status relate to migration. The results provide only very weak support for the hypothesis that social welfare benefits influence out-migration decisions (only of non-poor female-headed households) but moderate support for the effect of such benefits on in-migration decisions especially of low-income and female-headed households. (EXCERPT)
Conformal invariants and higher-order schwarz lemmas

We derive a generalization of the Grunsky inequalities using the Dirichlet principle. As a corollary, sharp distortion theorems for bounded univalent functions are proven for invariant differential expressions which are higher-order versions of the Schwarzian derivative. These distortion theorems can be written entirely in terms of conformai invariants depending on the derivatives of the hyperbolic metric, and can be interpreted as ’Schwarz lemmas’. In particular, sharp estimates on distortion of the derivatives of geodesic curvature of a curve under bounded univalent maps are given.
Malonaldehyde in Aqueous Solution and Its, Role as a Measure of Lipid Oxidation in Foods

SUMMARY The kinetics of the production of malonaldehyde by acid hydrolysis of its bis-(diethylacetal) is described, and its ionization constants and polymerization in aqueous solution are explored. The frontier electron method from molecular orbital calculations is utilized for prediction of the reactivities of the compound. The addition complex with bisulfite, the reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, the dimedone derivative, and the ferric chelates were investigated. Finally, the significance of the acidification on the isolation of the compound from foods and its possible role as a measure of lipid oxidation in food systems are discussed.
Speech correction comes of age in California

Speech Science and Speech Correction are the most recent developments in the speech field, even though Demosthenes rolled his pebbles long ago. The development of Speech Correction in the West has been witnessed by and much of it influenced by a recent president of the Western Speech Association, Mrs. Mabel Farrington Gifford. Mrs. Gifford was asked to begin the reports on Speech Correction. It is hoped many other workers in the field will add significant information on the developments that have been and are taking place.
Temperature coefficient of the thermal conductivities of ocean sediments

Abstract Thermal conductivity measurements are made at 5° intervals between 0 and 30°C on a variety of deep-sea cores. The average temperature coefficient is a 5·8% decrease in conductivity between 30 and 0°C with a standard deviation of 2·0%.
Host plant testing ofUrophora quadrifasciata [Diptera: Tephritidae] againstCarthamus tinctorius and two North American species ofCentaurea

Host specificity ofUrophora quadrifasciata (Meig.) [Dipt.: Tephritidae], an introduced biological control agent of diffuse and spotted knapweed, was investigated by exposing flies to safflower,Carthamus tinctorius L., and 2 native knapweeds,Centaurea americana Nutt. andC. rothrockii Greenman. Results of the tests, and literature records indicate thatU. quadrifasciata is host specific to a few closely related plants of introduced knapweed species, and thus poses no threat to economically and ecologically important plant species in the United States.
Lower bound molecular orbitals for H 2+, HeH++, and H 3++

Gaussian orbitals are used to calculate Temple lower bounds for H/sup +//sub 2/, HeH/sup + +/, and H/sup + +//sub 3/. Molecular orbitals are constructed from individual Gaussian-type orbitals (GTO) and from GTO contractions adapted for either upper or lower bounds of the hydrogen atoms. The MOS are optimized by minimizing either the upper bound, (H), or the variance ((H-E)/sup 2/). The best Temple lower bounds achieved by these methods are -0.60336 a.u. for H/sup +//sub 2/, -1.06224 a.u. for HeH/sup + +/, and -0.13003 a.u. for H/sup + +//sub 3/. Comparison is made with other types of molecular orbitals and with the exact wave functions for H/sup +//sub 2/ and HeH/sup + +/. Analysis of the nuclear cusps is given. A prescription for constructing lower bound molecular orbitals is offered.
Training professionals for rehabilitation teams

Transformed treatment philosophies, egalitarian roles, crossover competencies, and engagement of consumers and families are essentials in training.
Late-onset 21-hydroxylase Deficiency Mimicking Idiopathic Hirsutism or Polycystic Ovarian Disease

The importance of late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a cause of hirsutism is controversial. Two of 35 women with a chief complaint of hirsutism met the criteria of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In one, who presented with hirsutism, oligomenorrhea, obesity, infertility, and enlarged cystic ovaries, the initial diagnosis was polycystic ovarian syndrome. Family data showed that her disorder was autosomal recessive and linked to the histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA), as in the classic form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Carriers were thus detectable by HLA typing. Thus late-onset congenital adrenal hyperplasia appears to be an allelic variant of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia with a milder enzymatic defect. The diagnosis cannot be made clinically because the disease has the same presentation as idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovarian disease. Basal plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, unlike in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, can be normal, and an ACTH stimulation test or sequential measurements of plasma 17-hydroxyprogesterone throughout the day may be needed to show the abnormality. The incidence among hirsute women is estimated to be 6% to 12%, and the calculated gene frequency for the allele coding for attenuated expression of 21-hydroxylase deficiency is 0.015 to 0.057.
Enantioselective formation of an α, β-epoxy alcohol by reaction of methyl 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z), 11(E)-octadecadienoate with titanium isopropoxide

Methyl 11(R), 12(R)-epoxy-13(S)-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoate (threo isomer) was generated from linoleic acid by the sequential action of an enzyme and two chemical reagents. Linoleic acid was treated with lipoxygenase to yield its corresponding hydroperoxide [13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z), 11(E)-octadecadienoic acid]. After methylation with CH2N2, the hydroperoxide was treated with titanium (IV) isopropoxide [Ti(O-i-Pr)4] at 5°C for 1 h. The products were separated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Approximately 30% of the product was methyl 13(S)-hydroxy-9(Z), 11(E)-octadecadienoate. Over 60% of the isolated product was methyl 11(R), 12(R)-epoxy-13(S)-hydroxy-9(Z)-octadecenoate. After quenching Ti(O-i-Pr)4 with water, the spent catalyst could be removed from the fatty products by partitioning between CH2Cl2 and water. These results demonstrate that Ti(O-i-Pr)4 selectively promotes the formation of an α-epoxide with the threo configuration. It was critically important to start with dry methyl 13(S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z),11(E)-octadecadienoate because the presence of small amounts of water in the reaction medium resulted in the complete hydrolysis of epoxy alcohol to trihydroxy products.
An analytical expression for the stress field around an elastoplastic indentation/contact

The stress distribution outside the contact-induced plastic zone can be estimated by the superposition of a Hertzian field and the field for an embedded center of dilatation (ECD) in a half-space, while the residual stress distribution can be estimated by the ECD field alone. This model has a simple closed-form analytical expression, matching with finite element results nearly perfectly.
Optimal marker placement for calculating the instantaneous center of rotation

Abstract A computer simulation with error propagation was performed to determine the optimal placement of marker points for calculating the instantaneous center of rotation (CRi). The authors assume that planar rigid body motion occurs between two positions, each defined by marker points. Noisy marker points were generated by perturbing their coordinates with random values from a normal population of errors. The effects of these errors on the range of errors in calculating CRi location were investigated. Parametric analysis determined that marker point placement had important effects on CRi error. Marker placement was optimal when the estimated CRi was located at the midpoint between the marker points. While increasing the distance between marker points increased accuracy, there is a critical distance above which no additional increase in accuracy was noted when using this placement. The farther the marker midpoint was from the CRi, the greater was the error. At these placements, increasing the distance between the marker points continually decreased CRi error. The methodologies presented here help to improve the accuracy with which the location of the CRi can be calculated. However, it is emphasized that the CRi remains sensitive to noise and investigators should apply this kinematic parameter knowingly.
Psychophysiological effects of oral ethanol in alcoholics and social drinkers.

The acute and extended effects of ethanol ingestion were examined in five alcoholic subjects, and five "social" drinkers. Six physiological and four subjective report measures were taken before, during and up to 90 min after the ingestion of ethanol in three doses and placebo. FINDINGS showed that alcohol exerted significant dose-related physiological effects in the initial minutes of ingestion, and in extended analyses of physiological and subjective measures in both groups of drinkers. Alcoholics and social drinkers generally did not differ in their physiological responses to alcohol doses and placebo, while some evidence for tolerance to reported euphoric effects of alcohol in the alcoholic subjects was found. The possibility is raised that early physiological responses observed during ethanol ingestion may arise not only from pharmacological effects of the drink, but may also be evidence for conditional predrink responses. Language: en
Who Pays for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

Abstract Kennedy, T.K., Losinger, W.C. and Hoag, D.L. 2000. Who pays for hazard analysis and critical control points? J. Appl. Anim. Res., 17: 197–200. The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points program of the United States Food Safety Inspection Services may result in less meat and poultry produced at a higher price. Our analysis indicated that the loss in consumer surplus (due to the increased price and reduced quantity) would exceed the loss in producer surplus. Society may gain through reduced illness caused by contaminated meat and poultry.
Foliar and Cane Rot of Arundo donax Caused by Nigrospora oryzae in Europe.

A fungus was isolated consistently from dead shoot tips and flag leaves of Arundo donax L. (Poaceae) in France, Crete, Cyprus, Italy, Morocco, and Spain from April of 2003 through September of 2005...
Shaping the World Economy: Suggestions for an International Economic Policy

textabstractIn Dutch: Naar een Nieuwe Wereldeconomie: voorstellen voor een internationaal economisch beleid, Rotterdam University Press, Rotterdam, 1965, XV + 335 p. In Spanish: Hacia Una Economia Mundial: sugerencias para una politica economica internacional, Series Biblioteca de Economia No.7, Orbis, Barcelona, 1985, 242 p.
Magic feathers, Wittgensteinian boxes and the politics of deeming

Abstract Religious Experience Reconsidered offers an “attribution theory of religion” which builds out from Emile Durkheim's intuition that the sacred is just some aspect of the world that has been set apart. Despite this theoretical pedigree, however, the book violates the central Durkheimian insight when it goes on to ask whether some things are more likely to be set apart than others. I argue that this impulse is motivated by an unfortunate metaphysical desire to determine if some things really are special. Throwing my hat in with Durkheim, I maintain that the academic study of religion should rest content with analyzing the contested politics of “deeming” something special.
Altered flagellar size-control in shf-1 short-flagella mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Two allelic Mendelian mutations which confer a short flagella phenotype were used to explore flagellar size control in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. When mutant/wild type quadriflagellate dikaryon cells were constructed, their two short flagella rapidly grew out to near wild type length. The kinetics of elongation suggest that the flagellar assembly process is not intrinsically self-limiting as a number of otherwise attractive models for size control require. Instead, we suggest that there exists a cellular machinery dedicated to flagellar size control and that the short-flagella mutations alter the machinery in some as yet unknown way. One of the mutants shows temperature-sensitive flagellar assembly, and both are flagellaless in acetate media. Genetic analysis indicates that the temperaturesensitive, acetate-sensitive, and short-flagella phenotypes have a common genetic basis. The responsible gene has been named shf-1, and it has been mapped to chromosome VI, approximately 5 map units from the centromere.
Ethnography of Africa: The Usefulness of the Useless

The complex epistemological and methodological problems of data-quality control or ethnographer bias in anthropological research as they relate to the use of the native languages and/or the use of native-interpreter informants are critically reexamined. Summarizing the 1939–1940 Mead-Lowie debate, the paper suggests, on the basis of a close review of selected classic ethnographies of Africa, various ways by which the quality of comparative cross-cultural data could be meaningfully improved. [methodology of cross-cultural research, epistemological issues in anthropology, use of native languages in fieldwork, ethnography of Africa, history of anthropology]
Data bit distortion induced by slow light in optical communication systems

Slow-light components will degrade the data bits in an optical communication system due to narrow-band amplitude and phase responses. A bit-pattern dependence is produced in the output data stream. These effects are observed in simulation as well as in an experiment based on slow light induced by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in an optical fiber. We define figure of merit involving pulse delay and data degradation to optimize slow-light components. It is demonstrated experimentally and numerically that the pattern dependence can be reduced by detuning the slow-light devices.
Adsorption of soy oil free fatty acids by rice hull ash

Studies demonstrated that free fatty acids can be adsorbed from a soybean oil/hexane miscella by inorganic rice hull ash. A 1% dose was effective in diminishing free fatty acid concentrations but acid activation reduced the adsorption. Binding of free fatty acids followed a Freundlich isotherm with smaller doses of ash adsorbing more efficiently. Addition of isopropanol to the miscella promoted the adsorption, while water deactivation of the ash had no effect, possibly because water occupied sites not accessible to free fatty acids. Impaired adsorption behavior of ash heated above 700°C could have been due to disruption of the crystal form. The adsorption behavior of rice hull ash may be more fully understood with a better knowledge of adsorbent structure.
A generalized probabilistic approach for slope analysis: practical application to an open pit iron ore mine

An example of the generalized probabilistic approach to slope analysis is given through a case study on an iron ore mine. A step by step engineering procedure is described, so that a practical application can be made to other structures under different field conditions.