cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance and ruminal function development of young calves fed diets with Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract.

Neonatal Holstein heifer (n = 72) and bull (n = 40) calves were used to study the effects of Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract (Amaferm) on their performance and on rumen development. The starter diets were formulated to achieve Amaferm consumption of 0, .5, 1, or 3 g per calf daily. Calves were fed milk daily and allowed to consume starter and a mixture of alfalfa and bromegrass hay ad libitum. Weaning was when calves consumed 550 g of starter on 2 consecutive d. Weight gain and feed consumption were recorded weekly. Forty of the heifer calves, 10 from each treatment, were selected randomly to study the effects of Amaferm on ruminal fermentative development. Ruminal fluid samples were collected for pH, ruminal fermentation products, and for bacterial enumerations. Overall, Amaferm-supplemented calves were weaned 1 wk earlier than unsupplemented calves. They had higher total VFA, propionate, and acetate concentrations in the rumen than unsupplemented calves. Total anaerobic, hemicellulolytic, and pectinolytic bacterial counts were higher; cellulolytic bacterial counts tended to be higher for the Amaferm-supplemented calves than for controls. In general, Amaferm-supplemented calves had greater ruminal microbial activity than those not fed Amaferm.
Valinomycin-stimulated glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

Abstract K+ transport across cell membrane and mitochondrial membrane exerted a profound influence on glycolysis in a model system consisting of K+-depleted Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. 1. 1. Initiation of K+ transport across the cell membrane by addition of K+ to depleted cells resulted in a 2−3-fold increase in the rate of glycolysis. Substitution of K+ with Rb+, but not with Cs+, resulted in an identical response. Inhibition of cell membrane ATPase with ouabain almost completely abolished this stimulation to glycolysis. 2. 2. Valinomycin-induced mitochondrial K+ transport in intact cells enhanced the rate of glycolysis 6−8 times over control values and abolished the Crabtree effect. The response to valinomycin was seen when either Rb+ or Cs+ was substituted for K+. The effects of mitochondrial K+ transport were apparent when the cell membrane mechanism was inhibited with ouabain. 3. 3. The transport of K+ across cell membrane and across mitochondrial membrane were equally effective in stimulating glycolysis in the tumor cells. 4. 4. Valinomycin was without effect on erythrocyte glycolysis.
Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster calculations of excitation energies. The challenge of ozone

Abstract In this paper, we report the calculation of singlet and triplet excitation energies of the ozone molecule using equation-of-motion coupled-cluster methods (EOM-CC). This molecule presents a formidable challenge to these methods, owing to significant multi-reference character in its ground state and the presence of several low-energy doubly excited states. We have used the singles-and-doubles approximation (EOM-CCSD), non-iterative inclusion of triple excitations, and the iterative inclusion of triple excitations by EOM-CCSDT-1c and EOM-CCSDT-3. Some single-reference CCSDT-3 calculations were also performed on some of the triplet states. With the EOM-CCSDT-1c and EOM-CCSDT-3 methods (and to some extent the EOM-CCSD method), the results for singly excited states are quite satisfactory and competitive with prior work. The iterative triples methods do not perform as well for the doubly excited states. However, they substantially reduce the errors for these states given by EOM-CCSD.
HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND COLD FUSION

There are numerous historical and scientific parallels between high temperature superconductivity (HTSC) and the newly emerging field of cold fusion (CF). Just as the charge carrier effective mass plays an important role in SC, the deuteron effective mass may play a vital role in CF. A new theory including effects of proximity, electron shielding, and decreased effective mass of the fusing nuclei can account for the reported CF results. A quantum-gas model that covers the range from low temperature to superhigh temperature SC indicates an increased Tc with reduced dimensionality. A reduced dimensionality effect may also enhance CF. A relation is shown between CF and the significant cluster-impact fusion experiments.
Workshop — Fundamentals of educational research

This session is intended for engineering faculty and graduate students who are new to engineering education research. This workshop is based on the 2006 Frontiers in Education Special Session: “What IS Rigorous Research in Engineering Education?” winner of the Helen Plants award for best interactive session at FIE. A key objective of this workshop is to allow participants to compare and contrast educational research principles with the principles they are familiar with in their technical research area. Participants will work in small groups to co-construct and then compare criteria for quality technical and educational research in engineering. These criteria will be compared to those proposed in the NRC publication Scientific Research in Education. This activity allows participants to create their own list of criteria to judge “quality” educational research. This information can later be applied by participants to better understand engineering education research articles or proposals they read or are asked to review. This workshop is sponsored by the National Science foundation through Expanding and sustaining research capacity in engineering and technology education: Building on successful programs for faculty and graduate students (DUE — 0817461).
Model for the orientation, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of the specific heat of CeCu6.

The results of a model calculation of the orientation, magnetic field, and temperature dependence of the specific heat C of CeCu/sub 6/ are found to be in good agreement with the single-crystal data of Amato et al. The model incorporates both the Kondo and crystal-field effects. It is suggested that the low-temperature Wilson's ratio CTchi, where chi is the susceptibility, may not change in an applied field H and that both CT and chi at low temperatures as a function of H may be proportional to the many-body density of states at the energy ..mu..H
Rapid dark adaptation in the frog rod

Abstract The aspartate-isolated late receptor potential was studied in the excised, perfused, bullfrog retina. A method was described whereby the late receptor potential of the cones could be monitored without interference from the response of the rods. It was shown that bullfrog cones are capable of rapid dark adaptation and that the process is substantially faster than it is in bullfrog rods. The shapes of the spectral sensitivity curves obtained in this and a previous study were discussed. It was suggested that cones may change their spectral response characteristics depending upon their state of adaptation.
Phylogenetic relationships among the Stiletto Snakes (genus Atractaspis) based on external morphology

Abstract Stiletto Snakes (genus Atractaspis) are the most poorly studied of the three clades of snakes with front-fanged venom-delivery systems. Fossorial and endemic to Africa and the Middle East, Atractaspis possess uniquely derived mobile fangs that allow them to perform a ‘side-stabbing’ method of envenomation, rather than the frontal strike of most other venomous snakes. While many studies have examined the functional anatomy of these unique fangs, the evolutionary history of Atractaspis has been comparatively neglected by researchers. While several evolutionary hypotheses exist for relationships within the Atractaspididae, no study has focused on the phylogenetic relationships within the genus Atractaspis itself. This study presents the first attempt to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of 14 species within this genus, using external morphological data. Using Macrelaps and Homoroselaps as alternate outgroups, We compare the results of two phylogenies and provide a starting point for an investigat...
N-length shifts and successive contrast effects

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of successive shifts in N-length in a simple instrumental task. A recent theory (Capaldi, Note 1) predicts positive contrast effects due to a shift from a longer to a shorter N-length and negative contrast resulting from the opposite shift. Two groups of rats were given seven trials per day, four of which were rewarded, in a straight alley. One group was trained using an N-length of three, and the other using an N-length of one. After 20 days, one-half of each group was shifted to the opposite N-length for an additional 20 days, while the remainder of the animals continued as in the first phase for this period. Finally, all four groups received 5 days of extinction. There was no evidence for either positive or negative contrast. In addition, there were no group differences during the extinction phase. The data did not support the predictions generated by the rein-forcement level theory.
The use and support of intuition among university outdoor program professional staff: A preliminary investigation

A number of authors have pointed to the role that intuition may play in organizational and managerial decision making (Gigerenzer, 2007; Gladwell, 2005). There has been a great amount of academic research directed toward understanding intuition with much centered on what intuition is (Hodgkinson, Langan-Fox and Sadler-Smith, 2008), the aspects that encourage individuals to trust and use it (Hodgkinson, Langan-Fox and Sadler-Smith, 2008), and the factors that account for when intuition should be used, especially when it is as or potentially more effective than analytical decision making (e.g. Dane and Pratt, 2007). With regard to the process of intuition, Dane and Pratt (2009) found that most conceptualizations include the following features: (1) non-conscious information processing, (2) holistic associations, (3) affect, and (4) speed. The non-conscious system allows individuals to learn from experience and develop feelings of knowing in the absence of conscious attention (Dane and Pratt, 2009; Hogarth, 2001). As non-consciously held patterns are linked to environmental stimuli through a holistic associative process, intuitive judgments arise rapidly accompanied by affect - commonly reflected in the expressions â€œgut feelingsâ€ and â€œgut instinctsâ€ (Dane and Pratt, 2009).
Purification of siderophores from cultures of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp by ion-exchange chromatography

Abstract A technique is presented for the recovery of siderophores from culture supematants of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Siderophores produced in a modified succinate medium are purified by ion-exchange chromatography and, if needed, by subsequent acetone precipitation. Relative to alternative procedures commonly employed, the proposed method is simple, rapid and minimizes the use of potentially hazardous reagents. Although possibly not as universal in its application as previously described techniques, it may possess significant advantages for a number of experimental systems.
New Developments in High Voltage Technology

The electrostatic and electromagnetic straight-line accelerators originated by Robert Van de Graaff for nuclear science have, for very heavy ions, moved toward the GeV level through advances in high voltage technology applied to the multi-stage (tandem) acceleration of multistripped ions. An account is given of the discreet steps in this exponential progress which depends basically on the maximum reliable voltage of one or a series of terminals. Recent studies on compressed gas insulation and on the control of electrical processes within long high-gradient acceleration tubes are described. These indicate the possibility of further substantial increases in terminal and column gradients applicable later to existing accelerators and to enlarged goals for new ones.
Cation Radical Polymerization. A Fundamentally New Polymerization Mechanism

In the presence of catalytic amounts of the stable cation radical salt tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate in dichloromethane solvent monomers MeCH=CHPh-R-PhCH=CHMe (R=O, OCH 2 CH 2 O) are converted to the cyclobutane polymers [Ph-C 4 H 4 Me 2 -Ph-R] n . The reaction mechanism is discussed. The cation radical Diels Alder of these monomers with tetraenes yields cyclohexene polymers
Ending Extra Payment for “Never Events” — Stronger Incentives for Patients' Safety

Dr. Arnold Milstein discusses a law that constrains hospitals' ability to bill Medicare for a higher-paid diagnosis-related group when complications occur. The complications chosen include some “never events” — serious complications that should never occur in a safe hospital.
Leadership and the organizational context: Like the weather? ☆

Abstract This article reviews the leadership literature from 1990–2005 in twenty-one major journals in order to determine the nature and extent of attention to the organizational context as a factor affecting leaders' behavior and their effectiveness. Both conceptual and empirical articles were rated as having “moderate/strong,” “slight,” or “no” emphasis on the organizational context. Those articles classified in the moderate/strong category were analyzed under seven organizational context components. Suggestions are included for improving the breadth and depth of empirical knowledge about the interaction of leadership and the organizational context.
PASSIVE–AGGRESSIVE JOINT FORCES

![][1] Most animal movements are actively controlled by muscle contractions. However, passive forces, such as those due to the elastic properties of muscles and tendons, have been shown to be invaluable to locomotion. But what about passive forces originating in the joints themselves
Creativity in Context; The Courage in Therivel’s GAM/DP

The desire to quantify and categorize creativity so that we can easily identify the individual characteristics which serve as its precursors is one which authors have been attempting to successfully complete for some time. In this light, William Therivel’s High Creativity Unmasked, discusses how his GAM/DP theory accounts for highly creative people from history as well as a rationale for the rise and fall of creativity in selected cultures throughout history. By examining the latest published work on how Genetic Endowment, Assistances, Misfortunes and Divisions of Power, and how they relate to creativity, Therivel proposes unique rationales for the rises and declines of cultures. This paper examines how creativity and courage work together and in some cases side by side, to explain more fully the role of creativity in culture. This article examines some of Therivel’s examples and provides alternate explanations for the phenomena he ascribes to the decline of creativity. In addition, the complexity of both creativity and courage are discussed, both in the current context, and in the next steps for research and theoretical discussion.
Urodynamic Findings in Patients With Diabetic Cystopathy

ABSTRACTTo ascertain the relationship between voiding dysfunction associated with diabetes and bladder and sphincter behavior, the video urodynamic studies of 182 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were classified based on urodynamic diagnosis and the presence or absence of signs of sacral cord involvement. Urodynamic findings were classified as either detrusor hyperreflexia, impaired detrusor contractility, detrusor areflexia, indeterminate and normal. The results indicate that mean bladder capacity was 485 +-/89.3 ml. with a mean first sensation of filling of 298 +-/67.4 ml. Of the 182 patients 100 (55%) had detrusor hyperreflexia, 42 (23%) had impaired detrusor contractility, 20 (11%) had indeterminate findings, 19 (10%) had detrusor areflexia and 1 (1%) was normal. Bladder outlet obstruction occurred in 66 patients (36%), all men (57%). The diagnosis was isolated in 24 patients (36%) or in combination with another diagnosis in 42 (74%). However, if one considers the presence of sacral co...
Ecology, Distribution, and Food Habits of Spectacled Bears, Tremarctos ornatus, in Peru

A study of the behavior and ecology of the spectacled bear, Tremarctos ornatus , in Peru revealed that they occur in all three ranges of the Peruvian Andes, with the majority in the “ceja de selva,” or eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental. As evidenced by feeding sign and contents of scats, 83 foods were confirmed in the diet of spectacled bears. These include insects, rodents, livestock, corn, berries, tree wood, bamboo hearts, palm frond petioles, 22 species of Bromeliaceae, 11 species of Cacta-ceae, and the fruits of 31 species of trees. Spectacled bears feed predominately on bromeliad hearts, particularly during the months when fruits are not ripe. From February to July, when most of the fruits are ripe, the animals move to the sources of these preferred foods. Direct observations provided information on the bear's corn-eating behavior. Certain other behavioral activities, such as the building of tree nests, were confirmed. Humid forests between 1,900 and 2,350 m in elevation, and coastal thorn forests are preferred habitats when water is available. Spectacled bears enjoy the most protection in the saturated rain forests in the “ceja de selva” and in the seasonally occupied areas at the upper extreme of the animal's elevational range. The spectacled bear is not in immediate danger of extinction in Peru owing to its adaptation to a diversity of habitats and the difficulty of access to bear areas with more than 45-degree slopes.
Vertical mixing of commercial aviation emissions from cruise altitude to the surface

[1] Data analysis and numerical simulations were used to examine vertical transport of cruise-altitude commercial aircraft emissions to the surface. First, aircraft emission data were compared with static stability and potential temperature data from satellites. Second, we ran global 3-D simulations of a passive tracer released uniformly at 11 km (cruise altitude). We present global, regional, and seasonal results of the data comparisons as well as approximate time scales of vertical mixing derived from the simulations. Using the year 2006 as a case study, we found that 24% of all global commercial aviation emissions occurred in the stratosphere, 17% occurred both north of 40° N and above the 330 K isentrope, and 54% occurred in regions of at least moderate static stability (N2 > 10−4 s−2). In addition, 74% of emissions in the Arctic Circle were in the stratosphere. In the 3-D simulations, the globally averaged tracer-plume e-folding lifetime against vertical transport to any other altitude was 16 days during January and 14 days during July. Furthermore, the passive tracer took 15 days longer in January (77 days) compared with July (62 days) to achieve a surface-to-cruise mixing ratio fraction greater than 0.5 at all latitudes. The dynamical mixing time scales of extratropical cruise-altitude emissions were significantly longer than the globally averaged wet removal time of 4–5 days for aerosol particles emitted in the lower troposphere. Thus, it is unlikely that cruise-altitude emissions affect surface air quality via transport alone outside the tropics.
The effect of ligand rigidity on the stability of europium(III) complexes with substituted diglycolic acids

Abstract The stability of europium(III) complexes with substituted diglycolic acids is altered by changing the ligand rigidity. The diglycolate analog tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid (THFTCA) achieves nearly an order of magnitude stronger binding of europium(III) in dilute acidic solutions, partly as a result of favorable complexation geometry forced by the tetrahydrofuran ring. The analogous aromatic ring systems furan-2,3,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, which force the carboxylate groups to assume a planar configuration, exhibit much lower affinity for europium(III) in dilute acid. The observed increase in stability for the THFTCA complex implies that one or two of the six geometric isomers of THFTCA must be dominant.
Poisson approximation and dna sequence matching

The Poisson distribution is commonly used to model the number of occurrences of independent rare events. However, many instances arise where dependence exists, for example, in counting the length of long head runs in coin tossing, or matches between two DNA sequences. The Chen-Stein method of Poisson approximation yields bounds on the error incurred when approximating the number of occurrences of possibly dependent events by a Poisson random variable of the same mean. In addition to the problems related to the motivating examples from molecular biology involving runs and matches, the method may be applied to questions as varied as calculating probabilities involving extremes of sequences of random variables and approximating the probability of general birthday coincidences.
Heat shock of cultured GC cells enhances the level of triiodothyronine induced growth hormone (GH) and GH messenger ribonucleic acid.

Abstract We have previously proposed that the effects of heat shock on thyroid hormone-responsive rat pituitary tumor (GC) cells may be a model relevant to the in vivo effects of nonthyroidal disease on thyroid hormone action. To determine the effects of heat shock on thyroid hormone responses, GC cells (normally cultured at 37 C) were studied after incubation at 41 C. After 18 h at 41 C there was enhanced synthesis of proteins (mol wt, 70,000 and 90,000) considered to be universal markers of the cellular response to heat shock. Incubation at 41 C also resulted in a significant decrease in GC cell viability and (after 24 h) arrest of GC cell growth. However, the induction of GH synthesis by T3 was significantly enhanced in GC cells stressed by incubation at 41 C. The addition of 5 nM T3 to thyroid hormone-depleted GC cells resulted in a significantly greater (P < 0.001) accumulation of GH (2642 ± 280 ng/18 h) during 41 C incubation than during 37 C incubation (1223 ± 175 ng/18 h). The enhanced T3-induced ...
Sexuality counseling of women with spinal cord injuries.

This article begins with a review of the literature pertinent to the sexuality of women with spinal cord injuries. Important areas in sexuality counseling are described and include experimenting with and re-learning about one's current sexual response, contraception, and social skills and realities.
Growth in children following kidney transplantation

Growth was assessed in children following 128 separate kidney transplants using a generalized growth curve multivariate analysis. The height standard deviation score was the dependent variable. Time since transplant, prednisone dosage, and creatinine clearance were the independent variables. For the purposes of comparison patients were grouped according to sex, race, age at transplantation, initial allograft function, acute rejection episodes and the use of cyclosporin A. Patient's height standard deviation scores tended to increase negatively after transplantation. However, children who received transplants before their 7th birthday, with initial allograft function greater than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, exhibited “catch-up” growth. Height standard deviation scores positively improved in males but not in females, as prednisone dosage was decreased. Height standard deviation scores became more negative as renal function decreased after transplantation. Changes in renal function produced the greatest effect upon height in black children, children less than 7 years, and males.
Integrating molecular modeling and process safety research

Abstract The risk assessment of reactive chemicals or energetic materials is an important concern in chemical and petrochemical industries and is a key area of research at the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center. The paper discusses applications of molecular modeling to obtain thermochemical data for reactive or hazardous materials and to predict calorimetric data based on molecular properties. Hydroxylamine (HA) is an example of a highly reactive and poorly characterized compound with important industrial applications. The heat of formation for gaseous hydroxylamine under standard conditions is calculated, using isodesmic reactions at several levels of theories, including HF, B3P86, B3LYP, MP2, MP3, MP4, CCSD(T), G2, G2MP2B3, G3B3, G3, and CBS-Q, and several basis sets, including Dunning correlation consistent and Pople-style. To gauge the computed HA values, the gaseous hydrogen peroxide heat of formation is calculated by the same methods and compared with experimental data. Based on our calculations, we recommend an average value of −11.4 kcal/mol for the gaseous HA heat of formation at 1 atm and 298.17 K. The oxygen balance method, ASTM CHETAH, and the calculated adiabatic reaction temperature (CART) are a few of the theoretical methods that are commonly employed for reactive hazard evaluation. In an alternate approach, data obtained from calorimetric experiments and published kinetic parameters were correlated using calculated molecular properties. Quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) based on quantum calculations were employed to correlate calorimetrically measured onset temperatures and heats of reaction with molecular properties. The primary objective is to extend and complement available experimental data with predictions for the species where no or few experimental data exist.
Couplings of a light Higgs boson

Abstract We comment on the calculation of Voloshin and Zakharov of the couplings of a light Higgs boson to pions and extend their analysis to consider flavor-changing Higgs-pion couplings, including K→ ϕ ev and K→ ϕπ .
Spatial statistical modeling of the pollution impact of old industrial sites on colon and lung cancer incidents in New York State, USA

This research visualizes the spatial patterns of diagnosed colon and lung cancer mortalities across the New York State. Kernel density analysis was applied to visualize the spatial patterns of old industrial sites across the state. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) was applied to model the possible pollution impact of old industrial sites on colon and lung cancer incidents. GWR is a local spatial statistical model analyzing the relations of non-stationary factors across the space. It generates a separate spatially-weighted least square regression for each of the observations across the study area. The results shows that the high density clusters of the old industrial sites occur in the large urban areas of New York City, Rochester, Buffalo, Syracuse, and Albany. GWR modeling indicates that high local R2 coincides with moderate cancer mortality incidents. The overall GWR predictions are satisfactory as the R2 of colon cancer is 0.8848 and that of lung cancer is 0.8755. However, AICc values are large for both types of cancer predictions.
Teenage fertility and its social integration correlates: a control theory explanation.

This study uses control theory to explain teenage fertility in one southeastern state. Control theory explains deviance from societal norms in terms of weak social bonding or integration. An important assumption of the study is that teenage parenting violates American parenting norms, and can thus be conceptualized as deviant behavior. Consequently, this study hypothesizes that teenage fertility should covary with measures of social integration. This study uses data from 64 parishes in Louisiana, and the results suggest that measures of social integration (i.e., divorce rates, percentage of population living alone, and personal alienation) are significant predictors of teenage fertility in non urban settings and explain approximately 53% of the variance in teenage fertility. However, among urban parishes, socioeconomic status is the only significant predictor of teenage fertility, explaining almost 44% of its variance.
Tribological behavior of oil-lubricated, TiN-coated steel

Abstract The effects of titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on the tribological behavior of M50 and 52100 steels under both dry and oil-lubricated conditions were evaluated with a reciprocating sliding-pin-on-flat test machine. Under dry conditions, the TiN coating reduced wear, which occurred by abrasion and by oxidation of the sliding surface. It also reduced the amount of wear-debris accumulation at the contact interface. During oil lubrication, wear and roughening of the contact area (usually associated with the boundary lubrication regime) was eliminated by the TiN coating. The formation of a boundary film by chemical interaction between the oil additives and the wearing surface was also prevented by the TiN coating.
Wind-induced forces on eaves of low buildings

Abstract Wind standards and codes of practice specify design pressure coefficients for eaves of low buildings with gabled roofs of angles smaller than 10°. The paper presents the results of a recent experimental study on the effects of wind on eaves of gabled-roof buildings with higher roof slopes, namely 4:12 and 12:12 . The experiments were carried out in the boundary layer wind tunnel of the Building Aerodynamics Laboratory of the Centre for Building Studies under conditions of simulated open country exposure. Both local and area-averaged pressures were measured for 36 azimuths. Simultaneous measurements of each pair of upper and lower surface taps were also carried out in order to evaluate the critical forces acting on various overhang zones. Area-averaged pressures were measured as well. The study has found that the 4:12 -sloped overhang is the most severely loaded, particularly as far as suction on the upper surface near the gable is concerned. Positive pressures on the upper surface are higher for the 12:12 slope, as expected from wind flow considerations. However, lower eave surfaces are subjected to higher pressures and suctions for the 4:12 slope. The effect of building height on the pressure coefficients measured on either overhang surface is negligible, as also found previously for the case of eaves of almost flat roofs. Pressures measured on lower eave surfaces compare generally well with those measured on the walls, although some positive peaks are significantly higher under the eaves. Comparisons between actual uplift force coefficients and the presently used values show the significant overestimation that occurs in some cases when the current wind standards are used. The paper makes appropriate recommendations for design provisions.
Predictors of Pap Test Utilization Among Legal Permanent Resident Women

The Office of Minority Health (OMH) notes an increase in health disparities in the minority population (OMH, 2008). This study examines the factors that determine access to Pap test utilization among recent immigrant women who hold legal permanent status using the first wave of data from the New Immigrant Survey. Using the behavioral model of health services for vulnerable populations, we work to determine the variables that contribute to immigrant women's health service utilization or the Pap test. In order to close health disparities among immigrant women, efforts should be made to target women who do not have regular contact with medical providers, are uninsured and single.
NOTCH4 and the frontal lobe in schizophrenia.

NOTCH4 is a developmentally expressed gene recently reported to be in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with schizophrenia. We investigated this finding in our sample of subjects, focusing on an exonic (CTG)n polymorphism, examining not only the association of this polymorphism with the disease phenotype, but also its effect on frontal lobe brain morphology and cognitive function in both affected individuals and a psychiatrically normal comparison group. While we did not find any association or LD with schizophrenia, we identified striking effects of NOTCH4 variability on the trait measures. Within the respective schizophrenia and comparison groups, NOTCH4 allelic variability was correlated with differences in measures of frontal lobe cognitive performance and frontal lobe brain tissue volumes that were intuitively congruent. These within-group effects, however, were in opposite directions across groups. These findings may reflect the interaction of NOTCH4 with the underlying genetic and phenotypic complexity that characterizes both schizophrenia and normal cognition and brain development. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The influence of orbital-rotation coupling on electronic transitions of isolated molecules: angular momentum dependence of radiative transition in S1 pyridine

Abstract The role of orbital-rotation interaction in radiative transitions of isolated molecules is demonstrated through the angular momentum dependence of the quantum yield and lifetime of fluorescence from S 1 pyridine
Effect of breathing frequency and airflow on pulmonary function in high-intensity equine exercise.

It has been postulated that the hypoxaemia and hypercapnoea that characterize strenuous equine exercise are partly due to flow limitations imposed by high breathing frequencies (fb), and that gas exchange would be improved if fb could be lowered. To evaluate this possibility, 6 Thoroughbred horses underwent 4 incremental treadmill exercise tests at inclines of 0, 5, 10 and 25%, respectively. In the test, horses were given a warm-up for 2 min, then ran sequentially for 1 min each at 60, 100 and 115% VO2max. Oxygen consumption (VO2), blood gas tensions (PaO2, PaCO2), fb, tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (Ve), transpulmonary pressure (Ptp), peak inspiratory and expiratory airflows (VI, VE) and work of breathing (Wrm) were determined during the last 15 s of exercise at each intensity. The only effect of fb on PaO2 was seen at 60% VO2max. Also, maximal transpulmonary pressure difference (delta Ptpmax), and peak VI, and VE on a 25% slope were lower than those recorded at the other 3 inclines at 60% VO2max. At 100 and 115% VO2max, the effect of fb was less clear. While fb still differed, the only effects of fb at 100% VO2max were on delta Ptpmax. At 115% VO2max, fb on a 25% incline was lower than that for 0 and 5% slopes. The only other difference noted at this intensity was in VT on 10% slope. However, there was no difference between VTS recorded at inclines of 0, 5 or 25% at 115% VO2max. There was no effect of fb or exercise intensity on Ve at 100 or 115% VO2max. There was no change in PaO2, fb, VT, delta Ptpmax or VI and VE as exercise intensity increased from 60-115% VO2max on slopes of 0, 5 or 10%. However, for exercise on the 25% incline (i.e. with lower fb), each of these parameters increased (or decreased for PaO2) from 60-100%, but not from 100-115% VO2max. Failure of peak airflow and VT to increase when intensity increased was associated with the development of hypoxaemia and hypercapnoea, regardless of slope or fb. It is concluded that while a low fb may have some beneficial effect on gas exchange during submaximal exercise at approximately 60% VO2max, this effect disappears as exercise intensity increases. There appear to be limits to the peak airflows that can be generated by horses during strenuous exercise, and these limits may be reached regardless of fb. Flow limitation per se may play a greater role in the development of exercise-induced hypoxaemia and hypercapnoea in horses than dose fb.
Automatic control of a peanut grade sample inspection system

Abstract The current US peanut grading system is labour intensive and requires human judgement at several steps in the grading process. One goal of the peanut industry is to ensure high quality peanuts by increasing grading accuracy. Developing an automated grading system will assist in attaining that goal. The development of this grading system centers around a central system which automatically controls the grading process. The system makes decisions on single objects from a sample of peanuts. A machine vision system acquires an image of the object. Kernel size is determined from the image by the system. The kernel is evaluated for damage using grey level, tristimulus and texture information, and the appropriate sorting action is taken. Other grading devices which provide inputs into the automated grading system are a single kernel moisture meter, a bulk moisture meter, a bar code reader and a chemical testing system. Each of these devices are attached to the central processing unit and provide input into the automated grading system. After the entire sample has been processed, the categories are automatically weighed and the system determines the peanut quality based on the grade values. This automated system will result in a less labour-intensive system which will ensure the quality of US peanuts for domestic and foreign buyers and consumers worldwide.
Factors Involved in Plasticity of Kaolin‐Water Systems

The factors involved in the development of plasticity are discussed. The importance of the rigidity of the adsorbed water ms and the effect of various ions on this rigidity is shown by entropy calculations. All the monovalent ions with the exception of the smallest (Li+ and F−) indicate an increase in the disorder of the water structure that agrees with observations on plasticity.
The acceleration and extraction of negative hydrogen ions in the C.U. cyclotron

A negative hydrogen ion beam of several microamperes has been obtained in the University of Colorado cyclotron. A one microampere external proton beam has been extracted by stripping the electrons off with a 50 mg/cm2 Al2O3 foil.
63Cu NQR Nutation Spectroscopy and Spin Counting in Copper Oxides

Nutation spectroscopy of 63Cu nuclei at zero static magnetic field is explored as a method for the determination of the quadrupole asymmetry parameters η of Cu sites in copper oxides, with special emphasis on high-Tc superconductors. Since the nutation spectra reveal the actual radio frequency (rf) intensities experienced by the 63Cu nuclei, the method also provides a verification of a quantitative Cu spin counting procedure based on integration of nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) echo-signal intensities over wide frequency ranges. The paper presents numerical simulations of spectra and signal intensities that were obtained with a density-matrix formalism whereby the spin dynamics is described as precessions in a 3D operator space. The quantitative effects of the echo refocusing pulse, rf amplitude fluctuations, and variations in η are examined. Examples of 63Cu NQR nutation spectra are shown for randomly oriented powders of Cu2O and YBa2Cu3O7.
Synthesis of transversely isotropic nanoporous platinum

We examine the influence of electrochemical parameters on transversely isotropic nanoporous (NP) platinum foam synthesized from amorphous Pt x Si 1 − x by dealloying. The externally applied potential controls the size of the Voronoi polyhedra on the free surface with sizes ranging from 0.01–0.35 μm 2 . The shape of the amperometric curve is governed by the dealloying front progression that in turn advances faster than the rate of diffusion of Si in the electrolyte.
Vapor–liquid equilibria predictions of hydrogen–hydrocarbon mixtures with the Huron–Vidal mixing rule

Abstract An excess Gibbs-equation of state (GE-EoS) framework based on the Huron–Vidal mixing rule, has been applied to study vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) of hydrogen–hydrocarbon mixtures. The mixing rule couples the Peng–Robinson–Stryjek–Vera (PRSV) EoS with a local composition solution model. The solution model is based on one-fluid theory treatment and assigns a single energy parameter to each binary pair. This energy parameter relates to the preference of the molecules for like to unlike interactions. The allocation of a system's number of interactions to the individual species in a binary mixture, incorporates the use of size parameters which gain significance only in the liquid phase. In a two parameter form, the framework has been used for the simultaneous data reduction of a large number of binary and several ternary hydrogen–hydrocarbon mixtures. These systems were taken over an extended range of pressures and temperatures. Results from the data reduction are reported in both tabular and graphical forms. Correlations for the model parameters have been identified with the acentric factor of the hydrocarbon in hydrogen–hydrocarbon binary mixtures. In a fully predictive mode, the model has shown to describe well VLE of binary hydrogen–linear alkane systems. Comparisons of these results with calculations from the Peng–Robinson (PR) EoS and the classical mixing rule (vdW) are included.
An appraisal of the radioiodine tracer technic as a clinical procedure in the diagnosis of the thyroid disorders; uptake measurement directly over the gland and a note on the use of thyrotropin (T.S.H.).

THE extent to which ingested tracer doses of radioiodine are taken up by the thyroid gland has been studied as a potential index of thyroid dysfunction in man (1–7). The present appraisal is based on experience in this laboratory with almost 1,400 such measurements, made between October 1946 and February 1950, in both hospitalized patients and outpatients. The orientation of this work has been towards the establishment of a tracer method which would provide optimal simplicity, rapidity and accuracy in routine clinical use. The tracer method used throughout has been that of direct measurement over the thyroid to determine the percentage uptake by the gland at twenty-four hours after an ingested dose of 40 microcuries of radioiodine, I131, carrier free. In the initial phase of the work, a dose of 100 microcuries was used. This was reduced to 40 microcuries, after a brief experience, when no significant difference in uptake was found with the smaller test dose.
Laser Photoacoustic Detection Of Explosive Vapors

The Aerospace Corporation under contract to the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (LEAA) is supporting the development of a novel explosives-vapor detector based upon photoacoustic spectroscopy. This paper reviews the principles and history of the method. The encouraging progress to date, obtained through subcontracted programs that characterized explosives vapors and environmental species and that measured photoacoustic absorption coefficients of selected explosives vapors and pollutants, is briefly described© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A simple feature-space representation of particle shape

Abstract Particle shape information is needed to describe the behavior of particles in both industrial processes and in products. It is also needed to predict the sedimentary properties of particles in fluids, and the transport characteristics of particles in streams, river, and on beaches. In this paper, a new method of representing particle shape is suggested, which takes into account the form and roundness features of the particles. These features are represented in three-dimensional space utilizing triaxial contour diagrams in the horizontal planes, and roundness in the vertical plane. Data are presented for a beach sand which has been mechanically shape classified, and the potential of the method for related fine particle applications is then discussed.
High-speed TV cameras for streak tube readout

Two fast framing TV cameras have been characterized and compared as readout media for imaging of 40 mm diameter streak tube (P-11) phosphor screens. One camera is based upon a Focus-Projection-Scan (FPS) high-speed electrostatic deflected vidicon with 30-mm-diameter PbO target. The other uses an interline transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) with 8.8 X 11.4 mm rectangular Si target. The field-of-view (FOV), resolution, responsivity, and dynamic range provided by both cameras when exposed to short duration (approximately equals 10 microsecond(s) full width at half maximum (FWHM) transient illumination followed by a single field readout period of < 3 ms are presented.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Airway irritation and cough evoked by inhaled cigarette smoke: role of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Abstract In a series of studies carried out in different experimental models, we investigated the type(s) of lung afferents and mechanism(s) underlying the cigarette smoke-induced airway irritation and cough. In healthy non-smokers, the intensity of airway irritation and cough evoked by cigarette smoke was markedly reduced after premedication with hexamethonium. A similar pattern of responses was also triggered by inhalation of nicotine aerosol. These studies in human subjects suggested nicotine as the primary causative agent in cigarette smoke that evokes airway irritation. Indeed, single-fiber recording experiments performed in anesthetized dogs showed that both C-fibers and rapidly adapting receptors in the lungs and airways were stimulated by inhalation of one puff of cigarette smoke, and the intensity of this stimulatory effect was related to the nicotine content in the cigarette and abolished by hexamethonium. To further study the direct effect of nicotine on these sensory nerves, we measured the change in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) of pulmonary sensory neurons isolated from the nodose and jugular ganglia of adult rats. Our results showed that nicotine evoked an abrupt and transient increase in [Ca2+]i in ∼34% of the 522 neurons tested, and 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium, a selective agonist of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (NnAChRs), evoked a similar pattern of response as that of nicotine in these neurons. In conclusion, results of these studies show that nicotine exerts a direct stimulatory effect on vagal pulmonary sensory neurons. This stimulatory effect of nicotine is primarily responsible for the airway irritation and cough evoked by inhaled cigarette smoke, and is mediated through an activation of the NnAChRs.
On the applicability of the identity problem to astrobiology

We show that the philosophical problem of identity carries over to the definition of life. The identity problem presents a major obstacle for creation of a straightforward definition of life. We superimpose the identity problem to the problem we have previously examined, that of the life forms. We conclude that any definition of life must consider simultaneously these two problems. The definition of life, which we consider, is that life of an individual organism is a sum of its successive life forms, each unique in time and space. The identity of each of the life forms of an individual organism needs to be connected to the identity of the organism. The astrobiological relevance of the identity problem is illustrated on various examples.
Object detection and segmentation in camouflaged environments

The detection and classification of objects in complicated backgrounds represents a difficult image analysis problem. Previous methods have employed additional information from dynamic scene processing to extract the object of interest from its environment and have produced efficient results. However, the study of object detection based on the information provided uniquely by still images has not been comprehensively studied. In this work, a different approach is proposed, when dynamic information is not available for detection. The presented scheme consists of two main stages. The first one includes a still image segmentation approach that makes use of multi-scale information and graph-based grouping to partition the image scene into meaningful regions. This is followed by a texture-based classification algorithm, in which correspondence analysis is used for feature selection and optimisation purposes. The outcomes of this methodology provide representative results at each stage of the study, to indicate the efficiency and potential of this approach for classification/detection in the difficult task of object detection in camouflaged environments.