cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mapping of the Moon by Clementine

Abstract The “faster, cheaper, better” Clementine spacecraft mission mapped the Moon from February 19 to May 3, 1994. Global coverage was acquired in 11 spectral bandpasses from 415 to 2792 nm and at resolutions of 80–330 m/pixel; a thermal-infrared camera sampled ∼20% of the surface; a high-resolution camera sampled selected areas (especially the polar regions); and a lidar altimeter mapped the large-scale topography up to latitudes of ±75°. The spacecraft was in a polar, elliptical orbit, 400–450 km periselene altitude. Periselene latitude was −28.5° for the first month of mapping, then moved to +28.5°. NASA is supporting the archiving, systematic processing, and analysis of the ∼1.8 million lunar images and other datasets. A new global positional network has been constructed from 43,000 images and ∼0.5 million match points; new digital maps will facilitate future lunar exploration. In-flight calibrations now enable photometry to a high level of precision for the uv-visible CCD camera. Early science results include: (1) global models of topography, gravity, and crustal thicknesses; (2) new information on the topography and structure of multiring impact basins; (3) evidence suggestive of water ice in large permanent shadows near the south pole; (4) global mapping of iron abundances; and (5) new constraints on the Phanerozoic cratering rate of the Earth. Many additional results are expected following completion of calibration and systematic processing efforts.
Compressive creep behavior of spray-formed gamma titanium aluminide

The creep behavior of spray-formed γ-TiAl with a fine, equiaxed fully lamellar (FL) microstructure was studied in a temperature-stress regime of 780 °C to 850 °C and 180 to 320 MPa. An apparent stress exponent of 4.3 and an activation energy of 342 kJ/mol were observed in the high-temperature high-stress regime. Compared with the FL γ-TiAl which was obtained through conventional casting+heat treatment processes, the spray-formed γ-TiAl exhibited higher creep resistance. The higher creep resistance observed in the present study was discussed in light of the interstitial level, the chemical composition, the grain size, and the interlocking of lamellae at the grain boundary, which in turn may be a function of interlamellar spacing and the step height of the serrated grain boundaries. It was suggested that the small interlamellar spacing and possibly larger step height may contribute to the higher creep resistance observed in the present study.
The rotational-tunneling spectrum of the Ar-SO2 van der Waals complex

The microwave spectrum of Ar-SO2 has been observed with a pulsed beam, Fabry-Perot cavity, Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. This complex displays a- and c-type spectra, the latter of which is shifted by internal motion of the SO2 unit. In addition to the spectrum of the normal isotopic form, we have observed the spectrum of Ar-34SO2. Rotational analysis of each spectrum provides the constants A = 9151.235(5) MHz, 12(B + C) = 1402.0444(3) MHz, and B − C = 167.808(2) MHz for the normal species, and A = 9112.734(6) MHz, 12(B + C) = 1385.149(6) MHz, and B − C = 162.838(2) MHz for the Ar-34SO2 species. Constants relevant to the Coriolis coupling between the tunneling motion and the overall rotation of the molecule are also determined and, along with the rotational constants, make possible an unambiguous determination of the angle between the a axis of the complex and the C2 axis of the SO2 molecule.
An efficient framework for optimization and parameter sensitivity analysis in arterial growth and remodeling computations

Computational models for vascular growth and remodeling (GR robustness of the solution is enforced by including uncertainty in loading conditions in the objective function. We then show that homeostatic intramural and wall shear stress is maintained for a wide range of material properties, though the time it takes to achieve this state varies. We also show that the intramural stress is robust and lies within 5% of its mean value for realistic variability of the material parameters. We observe that prestretch of elastin and collagen are most critical to maintaining homeostasis, while values of the material properties are most critical in determining response time. Finally, we outline several challenges to the G&R community for future work. We suggest that these tools provide the first systematic and efficient framework to quantify uncertainties and optimally identify G&R model parameters.
Diastereoselectivity in Enolate Coordination in a New Class of Chiral Ruthenium Enolate Complexes

The new chiral, carbon-bound enolate complexes Cp(CO)Ru(η2(P,C)-Ph2PC6H4-o-C(O)CHR), where R = H (5a) or CH3 (5b), are formed via deprotonation of the corresponding cationic ketone complex precursors with LiN(iPr)2. The latter species is formed diastereoselectively, and the major diastereomer (SRu,RC/RRu,SC) has been structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Deprotonation of the ethyl ketone complex with KOtBu affords the O-bound analog (6), which converts to the C-bound form (5b) in the presence of LiOSO2CF3. Reaction of 5a with CH3OSO2CF3 forms the methyl enol ether complex by selective O-alkylation.
Sequential voting with externalities: herding in social networks

We study sequential voting with two alternatives, in a setting with utility externalities: as usual, each voter has a private preference over the candidates and likes her favorite candidate to win, but additionally, a voter values voting for the chosen winner (which is determined by the majority or super-majority of votes). This model aims to capture voting behavior ("likes") in social networks which are publicly observed and sequential, and in which people care about their "public image" as determined by their votes and the socially accepted outcome (the chosen winner). Unlike in voting with no externalities, voters act strategically although there are only two alternatives, as they rather vote against their preferred candidate if the other is to win. We present two rather surprising results that are derived from the strategic behavior of the voters. First, we show that in sequential voting in which a winner is declared when the gap in votes is at least some large value $M$, increasing $M$ does not result in the aggregation of preferences of more voters in the decision, as voters start a herd on one candidate once a small lead in votes for that candidate develops. Furthermore, the threshold lead for such a herd to start is independent of M. Secondly, we show that there are cases in which sequential voting is strictly better than simultaneous voting, in the sense that it chooses the most preferred alternative with higher probability.
The Off-Campus Intact Degree Program.

The off-campus intact (or closed enrollment) program has been a successful method of providing graduate education and advanced degrees to practicing educators. The College of Education at Virginia Tech began delivering graduate degree programs off campus in 1972 and, as of the Spring quarter, 1980, had completed thirty-one programs. This article discusses the establishment, administration, and evaluation of these programs.
The Factorial Validity of the Adult Selfexpression Scale with American Indians

A commonly used self-report assertion measure, the Adult Self-Expression Scale (ASES) was factor analyzed to shed light on the structure of the instrument and dimension of assertion with an American Indian population. Data were analyzed using a principal factors solution. The occurrence of considerable unique factor variance differed from the findings of earlier factor analytic studies with non-Indian populations. The situation-specific theory of assertive behavior of previous validation studies was supported. Items comprising the factors of this analysis provide the clinician and social skills trainer with precise information of the salience of situationally-specific issues of American Indian assertion. The results not only support the use of the ASES as a screening and outcome instrument for assertion training with American Indian clients, but also point to the need for greater specificity concerning the ethnicity of the personal component of the scale.
Magnetic properties of amorphous Ni60Ag40 films

Abstract Amorphous Ni–Ag films were obtained on liquid nitrogen cooled Si substrates using DC magnetron sputtering. A series of magnetic and magneto-transport property measurements confirm that the film with Ni to Ag atomic ratio of 60:40 is an alloy of the two elements immiscible in equilibrium, with atomic-level intermixing. The magnetic properties of the new alloy are discussed in comparison with those of crystalline nickel and granular films.
Acquisition of Telecommunications Bandwidth Under Economies of Scale in Size and Duration of Contracts

Significant advances in information technology have brought about increased demand for bandwidth. Buyers of bandwidth often encounter bandwidth prices that are decreasing over time. Additionally, bandwidth prices at any point in time are decreasing in total bandwidth purchased and length of contracts. Therefore, buyers face complex decisions in terms of the number of contracts to buy, their bandwidth, and their lengths. In this article, we formulate models for the acquisition of bandwidth from a buyer's perspective. We begin with a model that allows varying contract durations under deterministic demand and without allowing shortages or overlapping contracts. We then formulate a simpler model, which restricts contract lengths over the planning horizon to be equal. We also solve the problem under probabilistic demand and allowing for shortages, which are satisfied by buying additional bandwidth at a premium. We perform numerical sensitivity analysis to compare the results of the models and illustrate the results with numerical examples. The numerical analyses illustrate that using relatively simple equal-length contracts produces approximately the same results as the more complicated unequal-length contract strategy.
BONE-MARROW EXAMINATION IN 100 CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS WITH BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA

Abstract Bone-marrow from the posterior iliac crest was sampled in 100 consecutive patients with unresectable carcinoma of the bronchus. The results were correlated with the radiographic skeletal survey, strontium-85 bone scan, and laboratory tests usually regarded as indicative of osseous involvement. 14 patients had tumour-cell invasion of the marrow. Among these were 9 out of 20 patients with small-cell carcinoma, contrasted with 1 of 33, 1 of 16, and 3 of 31 patients with squamous-cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and anaplastic large-cell carcinoma, respectively. Radiographic evidence of bone metastases was present in only 1 of the 14 patients with positive marrow findings. Strontium-85 bone scans done in 8 of these patients, however, were positive in 5. Presence of tumour cells in the marrow did not correlate with abnormal haematological values, serum-calcium, or serum-alkaline-phosphatase. The results indicate that bone-marrow examination and bone scanning are of definite value in evaluating the extent of disease in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, especially of the small-cell type.
Theorizing Europe as the Future of Modern Society: European Integration between Thick Norms and Thin Politics

AbstractMany Americans are overwhelmed when confronted with questions relating to the European Union. And sociologists who are not working directly on related themes, as well as social theorists concerned with incarnations of modern society, have long ignored the peculiar character and historical implications of the developing European Union. But now a growing number of European theorists have begun to focus on the significance of European integration for the very discipline of sociology. To situate and evaluate some of this recent work, I deploy Gregg’s (2003) distinction between thick norms and thin politics. That distinction helps us see that developments in the European Union point toward the formation of a new kind of modern society.
Designing Secure SCADA Systems Using Security Patterns

Critical infrastructure systems are those systems that support our daily lives and their protection is fundamental. The key component of a critical infrastructure system is the process control system, also known as the supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system. On the other hand, security patterns are used to analyze, construct and evaluate secure systems. This paper proposes methods to build a secure SCADA system using security patterns. We study the architecture of a general SCADA system and analyze the potential attacks against it, then we use security patterns as a tool to design a secure SCADA system that is resistant to these attacks. We believe our research work lays a new direction for research on secure SCADA systems.
Generalization of Topological Sensitivity and Its Application to Defeaturing

A particularly challenging problem in CAD/CAE is the handling of small geometric details during finite element analysis (FEA). The presence of such details can significantly increase the computational complexity of FEA, while hindering its automation. Therefore, designers typically resort to defeaturing or detail removal, where the offending geometric details are suppressed prior to analysis. However, an inevitable consequence of defeaturing is that it can significantly alter the behavior of the CAE model. In this paper, we address the following question: Given the behavior of the defeatured CAE model, how does one estimate the behavior of the original (reference) CAE model? In this paper, we extend the concept of topological sensitivity, and apply to defeaturing analysis, in the following sense. Classic topological sensitivity captures the first-order change in quantities of interest when small spherical holes are created within an existing geometry. Here, we consider an arbitrary cluster of small internal & boundary features, and provide a fundamental theory and specific algorithms to compute the net impact of deleting such features. The theory and algorithm are illustrated through numerical experiments.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Ocular manifestations of molluscum contagiosum.

Purpose: Two cases of molluscum contagiosum (MC) are presented to illustrate the range of potential anterior segment complications of this condition. Methods: Clinical records for two patients diagnosed with MC are retrospectively reviewed. Diagnosis and management of both cases are presented. Results: The first patient demonstrates a classic presentation of ocular MC. The patient was young and had several dermal lid lesions at the time of presentation. The second case represents a less common presentation. The patient was an adult and had a single lid lesion that was not apparent at the initial examination. Both patients had follicular conjunctivitis that resolved with excision of the concomitant eyelid lesions. Conclusion: MC is a treatable cause of chronic conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis. Eye-care providers should be mindful that MC could present as a follicular keratoconjunctivitis with or without obvious dermal lid lesions. The possibility of immuno-compromise must be considered in patients with multiple large lesions, cutaneous lesions that do not respond to standard therapy, or recurrent lesions.
Modeling web-based information seeking by users who are blind

Purpose. This article describes website information seeking strategies used by users who are blind and compares those with sighted users. It outlines how assistive technologies and website design c...
The impact of national policies on research in mental retardation — A United States perspective

(1988). The impact of national policies on research in mental retardation — A United States perspective. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities: Vol. 14, No. 3-4, pp. 183-188.
Crossover Interference on Nucleolus Organizing Region-Bearing Chromosomes in Arabidopsis

In most eukaryotes, crossovers are not independently distributed along the length of a chromosome. Instead, they appear to avoid close proximity to one another—a phenomenon known as crossover interference. Previously, for three of the five Arabidopsis chromosomes, we measured the strength of interference and suggested a model wherein some crossovers experience interference while others do not. Here we show, using the same model, that the fraction of interference-insensitive crossovers is significantly smaller on the remaining two chromosomes. Since these two chromosomes bear the Arabidopsis NOR domains, the possibility that these chromosomal regions influence interference is discussed.
Activated signal transduction kinases frequently occupy target genes

Cellular signal transduction pathways modify gene expression programs in response to changes in the environment, but the mechanisms by which these pathways regulate populations of genes under their control are not entirely understood. We present evidence that most mitogen-activated protein kinases and protein kinase A subunits become physically associated with the genes that they regulate in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) genome. The ability to detect this interaction of signaling kinases with target genes can be used to more precisely and comprehensively map the regulatory circuitry that eukaryotic cells use to respond to their environment.
More fundamentally human than otherwise.

Beal and her colleagues are to be commended, and congratulated, for venturing forth in exploring the everyday experiences of people with serious mental illnesses as they go about meeting the challenges of establishing lives for themselves in the community following extended inpatient care. As community integration increasingly becomes the goal of community mental health services, the relatively uncharted territory of how people with severe and persistent mental illness navigate their immediate social environments becomes both a timely and important focus for empirical study. The contribution of Beal and her colleagues advances a growing body of research in this area describing various processes involved in the person’s efforts to manage his or her psychiatric condition as he or she goes about trying to reclaim his or her life. In addition to those references cited in Beal et al.’s paper, this body of research includes work by Barham (1992, and with Hayward, 1998), Corin (1990, 1998, and with Lauzon, 1992, 1994), Davidson and colleagues (1992, 1995, 1997, 2001, 2001, 2003; Sells, 2004), Estroff (1989, 1994, 1995a, 1995b), Lovell (1997), Ridgway (2001), and others. I would like, briefly, to consider the specific contribution of Beal and her colleagues within this broader context. Several of the findings of this study are noteworthy. First, the investigators note that people with schizophrenia need to “venture forth” into the world in order to “connect” to others, even though at times these others may be virtual or delusional in nature. Second, they describe ways in which environmental factors, activities, objects, and past experiences may be used to facilitate these processes of venturing forth and connecting, as well as some ways in which they might impede these processes. Finally, they recognize that the processes they have identified and described in the lives of people with schizophrenia being discharged from long–term inpatient care “should be seen as relatively normal ones and as part of the struggle we all face in living in the world together.” In other words, people with schizophrenia appear to engage in the same strategies for navigating community life that the rest of us (i.e., those of us who do not have schizophrenia) engage in when we find ourselves in similar circumstances (e.g., being newly relocated or visiting a foreign country for the first time). Although the investigators present their findings in this order, we would like to reverse their order of consideration in Psychiatry 68(3) Fall 2005 243
Accumulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by primate oocytes fertilized in vitro.

The present study was designed to investigate the accumulation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) by squirrel monkey oocytes fertilized in vitro; to assess the effects of insulin addition to the medium on 2-DG accumulation; and, finally, to evaluate the use of 2-DG in viability determinations of oocytes. Accumulation of 2-DG by unfertilized oocytes from squirrel monkeys was 13.94 fmol/oocyte/3 h and was not affected by the addition of either 10 nM or 1 μM insulin. There was no change in 2-DG accumulation with fertilization in vitro; 2-DG accumulation by degenerate ova was reduced to background levels. These results suggest low utilization of glucose by early primate embryos similar to that demonstrated for other mammalian species; 2-DG appears to be a good viability indicator of early primate embryos.
Classroom emotional climate, student engagement, and academic achievement

The emotional connections students foster in their classrooms are likely to impact their success in school. Using a multimethod, multilevel approach, this study examined the link between classroom emotional climate and academic achievement, including the role of student engagement as a mediator. Data were collected from 63 fifth- and sixth-grade classrooms (N 1,399 students) and included classroom observations, student reports, and report card grades. As predicted, multilevel mediation analyses showed that the positive relationship between classroom emotional climate and grades was mediated by engagement, while controlling for teacher characteristics and observations of both the organizational and instructional climates of the classrooms. Effects were robust across grade level and student gender. The discussion highlights the role of classroom-based, emotion-related interactions to promote academic achievement.
Solving Einstein's equations with dual coordinate frames

A method is introduced for solving Einstein's equations using two distinct coordinate systems. The coordinate basis vectors associated with one system are used to project out components of the metric and other fields, in analogy with the way fields are projected onto an orthonormal tetrad basis. These field components are then determined as functions of a second independent coordinate system. The transformation to the second coordinate system can be thought of as a mapping from the original inertial coordinate system to the computational domain. This dual-coordinate method is used to perform stable numerical evolutions of a black-hole spacetime using the generalized harmonic form of Einstein's equations in coordinates that rotate with respect to the inertial frame at infinity; such evolutions are found to be generically unstable using a single rotating-coordinate frame. The dual-coordinate method is also used here to evolve binary black-hole spacetimes for several orbits. The great flexibility of this method allows comoving coordinates to be adjusted with a feedback control system that keeps the excision boundaries of the holes within their respective apparent horizons.
Design principles for inducing reactivity in ubiquitous environments

Ubiquitous environments are becoming increasingly aware of their inhabitants: they posses vision capabilities, auditory capabilities and more interestingly intelligent capabilities. At the heart of such environments is the ability of systems to initiate responsive reactions to contextual changes. In this paper, we describe the concept of ubiquitous systems' reactivity. We identify important design principles that should be embraced by systems designers to build reactive systems that can engage users in richer and more meaningful interactions. Finally, we describe a prototype that we deployed in a domestic space and we explain how our design principles can help bridge the gap between end-users and ubiquitous systems.
Fluorophore quantitation in tissue-simulating media with confocal detection

Fluorescence measurements from tissue are increasingly being used as a medical diagnostic procedure to assess tissue malignancy or tissue function. Unfortunately, the reemitted fluorescent intensity measured from a tissue surface is not necessarily proportional to the fluorophore concentration because the light is altered by the tissue's intrinsic absorption and scattering properties. By measuring fluorescence from tissue volumes which are smaller than the average scattering length, the effects of the tissue's intrinsic absorption are diminished. In this study, experiments with tissue simulating phantoms are used, as well as Monte Carlo simulations of the experiment, to demonstrate the utility of point fluorescence detection for diagnostic measurements. Potential applications of this technique range from photosensitizer quantitation in vivo, pharmacokinetic measurements of fluorophore in different tissues, to any application where fluorophore quantification is required from a highly scattering medium.
A potential mechanism for compensation in the blue—yellow visual channel

Due to their unique contribution to human vision, the short (S)-wavelength sensitive cones, their anatomical projections and, more recently, the cortical representation of their function, have motivated intense scientific interest. The principal study of the visual channel associated with S-cone projections has been conducted using psychophysical, neurophysiological, and ex vivo anatomical techniques, whereas more recent research on the pathway has employed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The purpose of this manuscript is to present a perspective regarding the means by which color signals within this visual channel are processed in the brain, namely how differences in short-wavelength light transmission caused by intraocular, pre-receptoral filtration are compensated for. Recent results from fMRI and psychophysical studies indicate the existence of a frequency-dependent signal amplification mechanism whereby lower frequencies result in an amplification of S-cone signals. This finding could motivate a future research direction for determining the localization of blue – yellow color processing and neural compensation in the blue - yellow visual channel.
Genetic studies in zoological parks and their application to conservation: past, present and future

The development of new scientific techniques has led to significant advances in our understanding of biodiversity and the threats facing animal populations. Zoos have been at the forefront of the application of these techniques, ranging from cytogenetics to the analysis of small-population biology, with the aim of improving animal management and facilitating in situ conservation. Many of the key applications of genetic analysis are discussed; for example, assessing species diversity, utilizing studbook data, understanding genetic diseases and the related implications for captive-breeding and reintroduction, together with the latest technological developments. The increasing power of genetic analysis will offer fundamental insights into aspects of biology that are of direct concern to zoos.
Plasma growth hormone pulse activation of hepatic JAK-STAT5 signaling: developmental regulation and role in male-specific liver gene expression.

The intracellular signaling molecule STAT5 is activated in rat liver by the intermittent male plasma GH pattern to a 10-fold higher level than by the more continuous pattern of plasma GH stimulation seen in females. Individual adult male rats are presently shown to exhibit large differences in liver STAT5 DNA-binding activity, which correlates with the presence of significant levels of GH in plasma at the time of liver excision. Examination of STAT5 activity as a function of postnatal development revealed that these intermittent pulses of liver STAT5 activity are first observed at 5 weeks of age, when plasma GH pulsation first begins and expression of male-specific, GH pulseactivated liver genes, including CYP2C11, first occurs. Prepubertal rats exhibited low liver STAT5 activity, likely a consequence of the absence of high plasma GH pulses in these animals. Proteins required for GH activation of STAT5 are expressed in liver before puberty, and correspondingly, STAT5 can be precociously activated by exogenous administration of GH pulses given to 2-week-old rats, albeit with a lower sensitivity to GH than is seen in hypophysectomized adult rats. However, this precocious activation of STAT5, via twice daily administration of GH for 7 days, did not lead to CYP2C11 expression or masculinization of hepatic enzyme profiles, unlike in GH pulse-stimulated hypophysectomized adult rats. Based on these findings we conclude: 1) liver STAT5 is repeatedly activated in adult male rats in direct response to the intermittent pattern of plasma GH stimulation; 2) the developmental onset of this STAT5 activation pattern supports the proposed requirement of STAT5 transcriptional activity for malespecific, GH pulse-regulated hepatic gene expression; and 3) the activation of STAT5 is, by itself, not sufficient to impart the adult male pattern of liver gene expression, suggesting a requirement for additional liver factors that are absent in prepubertal rats. (Endocrinology 141: 3245‐3255, 2000)
Throttling viruses: restricting propagation to defeat malicious mobile code

Modern computer viruses spread incredibly quickly, far faster than human-mediated responses. This greatly increases the damage that they cause. This paper presents an approach to restricting this high speed propagation automatically. The approach is based on the observation that during virus propagation, an infected machine will connect to as many different machines as fast as possible. An uninfected machine has a different behaviour: connections are made at a lower rate, and are locally correlated (repeat connections to recently accessed machines are likely). This paper describes a simple technique to limit the rate of connections to "new" machines that is remarkably effective at both slowing and halting virus propagation without affecting normal traffic. Results of applying the filter to Web browsing data are included. The paper concludes by suggesting an implementation and discussing the potential and limitations of this approach.
An Engineered Cysteine-Bridge Locks KcsA Inner Bundle Gate in Its Open Conformation

Ion channels undergo conformational changes that allow them to transition along defined kinetic states. Previously, we have carried out an extensive crystallographic characterization of the key kinetic states that form the K+ channel gating cycle. Key among them is the structure of KcsA with the inner bundle gate in its open conformation and the selectivity filter in its inactivated (non conductive) form. Aiming to obtain high-resolution structural information of these trapped states, we have engineered a series of cysteine-bridges in the activation gate of a constitutively open KcsA mutant based on the structural properties of the open gate. We reasoned that restricting the conformational freedom of the activation gate, by locking it in the open conformation, would lead to a significant improvement in the resolution of the crystallographic data. This was carried out through a series of cysteine mutants in both TM1 and TM2 which generated covalently concatenated channels, even in the absence of an external oxidative agent. Biochemical and functional analyses suggested that channels were covalently locked open and that the crosslinked channel was stable under a variety of conditions, highly thermally resistant and was monodisperse under gel filtration chromatography. This new approach should help obtain high-resolution structural information of KcsA mutants trapped in different kinetic states and provide additional correlation to the functional characterization of each kinetic state.
Tapped-Line Coupled Transmission Lines with Applications to Interdigital and Combline Filters

Exact, general, open-wire-line equivalent circuits for tapped-line combline and interdigital arrays are derived using a combination of graph transformations and induction. A significant feature of the equivalent circuits is that they do not require commensurate length sections. The equivalent circuit for tapped-line interdigital arrays is utilzed to develop design equations for tapped-line interdigital filters.
Recombinant Human Lactoferrin as a Biomaterial for Bone Tissue Engineering: Mechanism of Antiapoptotic and Osteogenic Activity

Lactoferrin is a bioactive globular protein with unique properties towards musculo-skeletal cells and anabolic to bone in vivo. Even though the potent anti-apoptotic and osteogenic activity of lactoferrin has been reported, the mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. The study demonstrates that the anti-apoptotic effect of rhLF towards MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells is mediated by Wnt5a/PKA pathway and the stabilization of β-catenin by rhLF is dependent on PKA/LRP6 signaling pathway. The study also investigates the feasibility of developing rhLF as a biomaterial for cell delivery. The injectable rhLF cell delivery vehicles are prepared by enzymatic crosslinking of tyramine-modified rhLF in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and horseradish peroxidase. The modified rhLF shows bioactivity similar to unmodified rhLF. The rhLF gels support encapsulated MC3T3 cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation, as well as phosphorylation of signaling proteins. In conclusion, the study demonstrates the involvement of Wnt5a, LRP6, and PKA signaling in rhLF-mediated bioactivity towards MC3T3 cells and the feasibility of developing an injectable cell delivery vehicle from rhLF.
Risk Factors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Are They Especially Predictive Following Exposure to Less Severe Stressors?

Background: The diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) requires exposure to a traumatic stressor, as defined by Criterion A in the DSM criteria for PTSD. Yet, over the course of successive revisions of the diagnostic manual, the range of qualifying stressors has expanded considerably (e.g., watching terrorist attacks on television). Moreover, stressors that fall short of qualifying for even an expanded Criterion A can produce apparent PTSD. Taken together, these findings imply that people who do satisfy symptomatic criteria for PTSD following exposure to less severe stressors carry a heavy burden of risk factors. Method: To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the association between the risk factor of lower intelligence and more severe PTSD and depression symptoms would be greater among women reporting less severe CSA (n = 15) relative to women who reported moderate (n = 54) or high (n = 31) severity CSA. Results: The evidence was consistent with this hypothesis for subjects in the low and moderate severity groups, but less so for those in the high severity group. Conclusions: Lower intelligence was a more potent risk factor for posttraumatic distress among people exposed to less severe relative to moderately severe stressors. Language: en
An alternate formulation of the static scaling hypothesis

The static scaling law hypothesis for thermodynamic functions is formulated by the statement that the singular part of any thermodynamic potential is a generalized homogeneous function (GHF), where by definition a function f(x, y) is a GHF if there exist two numbers a, b such that for all positive values of λ, f (λax, λby) = λ f(x, y). We show that all Legendre transforms and all partial derivatives of a GHF are also GHF'S. Since every thermodynamic function is related to a given thermodynamic potential by some combination of Legendre transforms and partial derivatives, it follows that all thermodynamic functions are GHF'S. We then observe that every such function has a simple power law singularity at the critical point, and that the value of every critical-point exponent can be written down by inspection in terms of the two initial numbers a, b. Consideration of different paths of approach to the critical point lead to an important class of direct tests of the scaling hypothesis; among these are the familiar relations among certain combinations of critical-point exponents. Finally, the problems of extension to functions of more than two variables are discussed.
Atmospheric Deposition and Ionic Movement in Adirondack Forests

The nature of atmospheric deposition and ionic movement in hardwood and conifer dominated forests of the central Adirondack Mountains is characterized in this paper. Weighted mean precipitation pH measured 4.15 during the period 1979–1982. Concentration of major ions in precipitation showed the following patterns: for cations, H+>NH+ 4>Ca2+>Na+>Mg2+ >K+ and for anions, SO2- 4>NO- 3>Cl->PO3- 4. Canopy throughfall and soil solution chemistry revealed that patterns of ion movement were similar in hardwood and conifer forests, but ionic concentrations were greater in the conifer system. The extent to which any nutrient leaching from soils in these forests represents chronic losses must be evaluated in the context of forest type, soil characteristics, stand age and development, and other factors influencing nutrient dynamics.
Comparison of Finite Elements for Plate Bending

The purpose herein is to reconsider the earlier results for plate elements in a form which attempts to relate accuracy to computational effort. However, the qualitative analysis and the methods of comparison are also relevant to finite elements for types of problems other than plate bending.
Mechanism of Resistance in Metronidazole

Metronidazole is the drug of choice for human infections caused by various anaerobic and micro-aerophilic bacteria. Therapeutic failures are being noted in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori, Bacteroides spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia, and Clostridium difficile, and some of these have been attributed to the emerging resistance to metronidazole. With improvements in molecular detection, reports of resistance to metronidazole are slowly increasing.Because of limited alternative treatment options, this emerging resistance poses various diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Mechanisms of resistance are being defined and a better understanding is the key for prevention of resistance and improved management of these infections.
Passively Q-Switched Narrow-Line Alexandrite Laser

Passive Q-switching with saturable absorber dyes and Alexandrite laser line narrowing is reported. Single mode operation and less than 0.005A linewidths have been achieved.
Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. I. Suppression of mitogen responses by adherent cells in chronic uremia.

Abstract The response of spleen cells to T-cell mitogens PHA-P and Con A and to the B-cell mitogen LPS was studied in experimentally induced chronic uremia. The activity of spleen cells from chronic uremic rats to mitogens was shown to be significantly suppressed as compared to that of cells from control animals. This suppression appears to be mediated by suppressor cells which can be eliminated by adherence to glass wool and rayon wool. Also, the addition of plastic-adherent cells to nonadherent cell population restores the suppressed response to mitogens. Thus, the suppressed response of uremic spleen cells to mitogens seems to result from a suppressor cell activity which is present in experimentally induced chronic uremia and which is more potent than the naturally occurring suppressor cell in control rats.
Synthesis of poly(indene carbonate) from indene oxide and carbon dioxide--a polycarbonate with a rigid backbone.

The catalytic coupling of carbon dioxide with indene oxide utilizing (salen)Co(III)-2,4-dinitrophenoxide in the presence of an onium salt is presented. X-ray structural data for indene oxide monomer as well as cis-indene carbonate display near planarity of the fused cyclopentene and benzene rings. Low temperature (0 °C) is required to selectively afford copolymer vs cyclic carbonate from the coupling reactions of CO2 and indene oxide. The produced poly(indene carbonate) samples have molecular weights of up to 7100 Da, with corresponding glass transition temperatures of up to 134 °C, the highest yet reported for polycarbonates produced from CO2/epoxides coupling. Poly(indene carbonate) is thermally stable up to 249 °C. The polymerizations are well controlled, with PDI values ≤1.3.
Review of the Long-Nosed Bats of the Genus Leptonycteris

Long-nosed bats ( Leptonycteris ) are known to occur from southern Arizona and southern Texas through much of Mexico, and again in parts of Guatemala and the Netherlands Antilles (formerly Dutch West Indies). Little is known of the habits of these bats. In the northern part of their range, large numbers of female Leptonycteris congregate together in “nursery” colonies where young are born in midsummer. These colonies may be found in caves, mines, or unused buildings. In southern Mexico (Guerrero), adults of both sexes are known to inhabit caves in late summer. Long-nosed bats feed on nectar, pollen, and insects. Many of the insects are probably picked up as the bats are gathering nectar and pollen from within flowers. Long-nosed bats from southeastern Arizona have been known to differ rather markedly from others in southern Texas (see Hoffmeister and Goodpaster, 1954; Sanborn, 1941). This has prompted a systematic review of Leptonycteris throughout the range of the genus. When I started this work some years ago, I learned that Colin C. Sanborn had previously inaugurated such a study but had abandoned it. With his blessing, he turned over to me the information he had assembled, and this has proved most useful in the study. I am most appreciative of his kindness in this regard. Many of his original ideas have aided me in this work, but the conclusions arrived at should be regarded as my responsibilities. The present study indicates that within the genus Leptonycteris there are three geographical races worthy of subspecific designation whose ranges are: Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis (Saussure) from the Chisos Mountains of Texas through eastern Mexico, but mostly east of the 102° meridian, south at least to Guerrero, and then again in Guatemala. Leptonycteris nivalis sanborni new subspecies, from Pima County, Arizona, south through western Mexico, mostly west …
Classifying Human Activity Patterns from Smartphone Collected GPS data: A Fuzzy Classification and Aggregation Approach

Smartphones have emerged as a promising type of equipment for monitoring human activities in environmental health studies. However, degraded location accuracy and inconsistency of smartphone-measured GPS data have limited its effectiveness for classifying human activity patterns. This study proposes a fuzzy classification scheme for differentiating human activity patterns from smartphone-collected GPS data. Specifically, a fuzzy logic reasoning was adopted to overcome the influence of location uncertainty by estimating the probability of different activity types for single GPS points. Based on that approach, a segment aggregation method was developed to infer activity patterns, while adjusting for uncertainties of point attributes. Validations of the proposed methods were carried out based on a convenient sample of three subjects with different types of smartphones. The results indicate desirable accuracy (e.g., up to 96% in activity identification) with use of this method. Two examples were provided in the appendix to illustrate how the proposed methods could be applied in environmental health studies. Researchers could tailor this scheme to fit a variety of research topics.
Neurolymphomatosis: Heterogenous Presentations (P7.262)

OBJECTIVE: To share our experience with a poorly-characterized condition. BACKGROUND:Neurolymphomatosis refers to infiltration of the peripheral nervous system by lymphoma, most commonly non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma. It can present either as an initial manifestation of disease or its recurrence. Here we discuss three cases with heterogeneous presentations, reflecting the variable nature of the condition. RESULTS: MH is a 57 year-old lady with a one-year history of left arm pain, numbness and weakness. EMG/NCS suggested mononeuritis multiplex, but CSF was atypical for that condition as it revealed a marked pleocytosis. PET demonstrated various hypermetabolic pelvic masses, and flow cytometry revealed CD5-positive large B-cell lymphoma. TN is a 59 year-old lady with long-standing abdominal pain due to pelvic masses from Burkitt9s lymphoma, in remission after chemotherapy. However, five months later, she noted numbness over her left face and in both feet. EMG/NCS demonstrated a polyradiculopathy. Given the multifocal involvement recurrent lymphoma was suspected and subsequently confirmed by PET. RR is a 57 year-old gentleman with left-sided swelling in his neck eventually found to be due to CD20-positive large B-cell lymphoma. Chemotherapy initially led to remission but eight months later, RR reported right leg weakness, pain, and numbness. EMG/NCS revealed a polyradiculopathy, and an MRI demonstrated enhancement of L1-L5 nerve roots. These results were suggestive of recurrent lymphoma, confirmed by PET. CONCLUSIONS: Previous studies have found imaging to be the most effective diagnostic modality. The cases we present above corroborate these conclusions, as all three cases had evidence of disease on PET. All three, however, also exhibited evidence of chronic disease (e.g. chronic ongoing denervation and reinnervation) on EMG/NCS. We did not find CSF studies to be of significant diagnostic utility. Diagnosis can be elusive with numerous mimics and a variable presentation, but we remain optimistic that with further research into the condition clear criteria for diagnosis and guidelines for treatment will emerge. Disclosure: Dr. Winkel has nothing to disclose.
Vistabeans coffee shop data analytics teaching case

Abstract This case engages you in a data analytics learning activity. You will use data analytics software and a sample dataset to gain an understanding of data analytics and how data analytics can be used to answer important business questions from an accountant's perspective. The intended audience is accounting information systems course students.
Refining clinical terminology for expert system development: an application in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Purpose: To clarify terms surrounding the clinical problem of initiating oral feeding in premature infants cared for in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Understanding terminology at the outset of expert system (ES) development forms the crucial foundation needed to build a system that is accurate, relevant, and useful for assisting clinicians. Method: Ethnographic methods were used. In phase 1 participant observation with an interdisciplinary neonatology team was used to study oral feeding for premature infants. In phase 2 in-depth interviews were conducted with a neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) to explore feeding terms and the description and understanding of these terms. Findings: Results showed that oral feeding was a complex term that encompassed several feeding options; specifically nipple, breast, gavage, and transpyloric feeding. Conclusions: Each of the terms had a specific meaning within the context of the HICU.