cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE SUBSTRATES IN RAT INTESTINAL MICROVILLUS MEMBRANES (MVM)

Many growth factor receptors and proto-oncogenes regulate cellular proliferentiation and differentiation by an intrinsic tyrosine kinase which phosphorylates specific cellular substrates. These phosphotyrosyl proteins (p-tyr) are likely to be second messengers which transduce growth factor responses. To characterize these potential mediators of intestinal growth, we present the first identification of p-tyr in rat intestinal MVM, which we have previously shown to exhibit tyrosine kinase activity. (Gastroenterol 94:A460, 1988). MVM, purified from small intestine of fetal and adult rats by the calcium precipitation technique, or their corresponding intestinal homogenate, were incubated for 10 min at 20°C in vitro in Hepes/MnCl2ATP/Na orthovanadate. P-tyr were identified by either immunoprecipitation or Western blot using a highly specific anti-phosphotyrosine monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, respectively. A 68 kDa protein was the most abundant p-tyr identified in MVM (fetal > adult) using either technique. Immunoprecipitation demonstrated a 36 kDa p-tyr in fetal MVM and a 33 kDa p-tyr in adult MVM. A few other p-tyr were identified by Western blot in fetal MVM but only the 68 kDa was present in adult MVM. These p-tyr were significantly enriched in MVM compared to homogenates. To determine if these p-tyr are present in vivo and to study their developmental expression, Western blots were performed on MVM prepared from fetal, suckling and adult rat intestine in the presence of vanadate and NaF. The 68 kDa p-tyr was present in all ages studied and in MVM of adult jejunum and ileum. 80, 90 and 175 kDa p-tyr, previously identified in vitro, demonstrated variable expression during development. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a known phosphotyrosyl protein, was immunoprecipitated from fetal MVM with an anti-EGFR antibody, incubated with 35P-ATP and identified as a single band of MW 175 kDa by autoradiography, suggesting that the 175 kDa p-tyr expressed in MVM is the EGFR. CONCLUSIONS: 1) MVM tyrosine kinase(s) phosphorylate p-tyr in vitro and in vivo. 2) A 68 kDa protein is the most adundant p-tyr present in fetal and adult MVM. 3) The 175 kDa p-tyr identified in MVM in vivo appears to be the EGFR which is autophosphorylated.
Noncontingent reinforcement: effects of satiation versus choice responding

Recent research findings suggest that the initial reductive effects of noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) schedules on destructive behavior result from the establishing effects of an antecedent stimulus (i.e., the availability of "free" reinforcement) rather than extinction. A number of authors have suggested that these antecedent effects result primarily from reinforcer satiation, but an alternative hypothesis is that the individual attempts to access contingent reinforcement primarily when noncontingent reinforcement is unavailable, but chooses not to access contingent reinforcement when noncontingent reinforcement is available. If the satiation hypothesis is more accurate, then the reductive effects of NCR should increase over the course of a session, especially for denser schedules of NCR, and should occur during both NCR delivery and the NCR inter-reinforcement interval (NCR IRI). If the choice hypothesis is more accurate, then the reductive effects of NCR should be relatively constant over the course of a session for both denser and leaner schedules of NCR and should occur almost exclusively during the NCR interval (rather than the NCR IRI). To evaluate these hypotheses, we examined within-session trends of destructive behavior with denser and leaner schedules of NCR (without extinction), and also measured responding in the NCR interval separate from responding in the NCR IRI. Reductions in destructive behavior were mostly due to the participants choosing not to access contingent reinforcement when NCR was being delivered and only minimally due to reinforcer satiation.
Electrochemistry in microscopic domains. 1. The electrochemical cell and its voltammetric and amperometric response.

Microscopic aqueous sample droplets of nano- and picoliter volumes were formed on the bottom of a polystyrene dish under water-saturated heptane. The electrochemical cell consisted of a beveled carbon fiber microdisk working electrode and a reference electrode with a miniature junction, both inserted into the studied droplet. Both electrodes had a nominal tip diameter of 7.5 μm. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry in droplets of 3.3 mM ruthenium hexaammine trichloride in 0.1 M KCl solution were performed with this system. The experiments revealed for the first time major deviations in both voltammetric and amperometric microelectrode behavior in picoliter domains as compared to nanoliter volume and bulk solution. The concept and criteria of electrochemical microscopicity of volume is discussed. This work also provides a simple and robust experimental model system to verify electrochemical experiments in restricted domains such as in or near single biological cells or in microscopic tissue cavities. T...
Follow-up after gastrectomy for cancer: results of an international web round table

Oncological follow-up after radical gastrectomy for cancer still represents a discrepancy in the field, with many retrospective series demonstrating that early diagnosis of recurrence does not result in an improvement in patient survival; yet, many centers with high quality of care still provide routine patient follow-up after surgery by clinical and instrumental controls. This was the topic for a web round table entitled "Rationale and limits of oncological follow-up after gastrectomy for cancer" that was launched one year before the 10(th) International Gastric Cancer Congress. Authors having specific expertise were invited to comment on their previous publications to provide the subject for an open debate. During a three-month-long discussion, 32 authors from 12 countries participated, and 2299 people visited the dedicated web page. Substantial differences emerged between the participants: authors from Japan, South Korea, Italy, Brazil, Germany and France currently engage in instrumental follow-up, whereas authors from Eastern Europe, Peru and India do not, and British and American surgeons practice it in a rather limited manner or in the context of experimental studies. Although endoscopy is still considered useful by most authors, all the authors recognized that computed tomography scanning is the method of choice to detect recurrence; however, many limit follow-up to clinical and biochemical examinations, and acknowledge the lack of improved survival with early detection.
Improved prediction model for time-dependent deformations of concrete: Part 5 — Cyclic load and cyclic humidity

Cyclic variation of stress as well as environmental humidity causes an increase of creep. In this part of the present series, the prediction formulae presented in the original BP model are now adapted to the present improved creep prediction model. The increase of creep due to stress cycling is described as a deviation from the prediction according to the principle of superposition, and therefore is a non-linear phenomenon. The increase of creep due to humidity cycling is partially formulated on the basis of diffusion theory considerations. Comparisons with test data show an acceptable agreement.
A strategy for isolation of cDNAs encoding proteins affecting human intestinal epithelial cell growth and differentiation: characterization of a novel gut-specific N-myristoylated annexin.

The human intestinal epithelium is rapidly and perpetually renewed as the descendants of multipotent stem cells located in crypts undergo proliferation, differentiation, and eventual exfoliation during a very well organized migration along the crypt to villus axis. The mechanisms that establish and maintain this balance between proliferation and differentiation are largely unknown. We have utilized HT-29 cells, derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma, as a model system for identifying gene products that may regulate these processes. Proliferating HT-29 cells cultured in the absence of glucose (e.g., using inosine as the carbon source) have some of the characteristics of undifferentiated but committed crypt epithelial cells while postconfluent cells cultured in the absence of glucose resemble terminally differentiated enterocytes or goblet cells. A cDNA library, constructed from exponentially growing HT-29 cells maintained in inosine-containing media, was sequentially screened with a series of probes depleted of sequences encoding housekeeping functions and enriched for intestine-specific sequences that are expressed in proliferating committed, but not differentiated, epithelial cells. Of 100,000 recombinant phage surveyed, one was found whose cDNA was derived from an apparently gut-specific mRNA. It encodes a 316 residue, 35,463-D protein that is a new member of the annexin/lipocortin family. Other family members have been implicated in regulation of cellular growth and in signal transduction pathways. RNA blot and in situ hybridization studies indicate that the gene encoding this new annexin exhibits region-specific expression along both axes of the human gut: (a) highest levels of mRNA are present in the jejunum with marked and progressive reductions occurring distally; (b) its mRNA appears in crypt-associated epithelial cells and increases in concentration as they exit the crypt. Villus-associated epithelial cells continue to transcribe this gene during their differentiation/translocation up the villus. Immunocytochemical studies reveal that the intestine-specific annexin (ISA) is associated with the plasma membrane of undifferentiated, proliferating crypt epithelial cells as well as differentiated villus enterocytes. In polarized enterocytes, the highest concentrations of ISA are found at the apical compared to basolateral membrane. In vitro studies using an octapeptide derived from residues 2-9 of the primary translation product of ISA mRNA and purified myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase suggested that it is N-myristoylated. In vivo labeling studies confirmed that myristate is covalently attached to ISA via a hydroxylamine resistant amide linkage. The restricted cellular expression and acylation of ISA distinguish it from other known annexins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Purification and partial characterization of ceruloplasmin from chicken serum.

Abstract The preparation and properties of ceruloplasmin from chicken serum are described. Ethanol-CHCl 3 was used to precipitate the crude protein, followed by adsorption and elution from DEAE-Sephadex. Further treatment with Sephadex G-200 and CM-Sephadex yielded an intensely blue protein judged 1572-fold purer than starting serum. ϵ-Aminocaproic acid (0.02 m ) was present in all buffers and starting sera. Chicken ceruloplasmin appears to be a single polypeptide, apparent M r 124,000, with an A 610 A 280 ratio of 0.07 and an absorption maximum at 602 nm. Hexose, hexosamine, and sialic acid accounted for 7.2% of the weight; copper represented 0.20%, which suggested four or five copper atoms per molecule. Chicken ceruloplasmin catalyzed the azide-sensitive oxidation of p -phenylenediamine (PPD) and N,N′ -dimethyl- p -phenylenediamine (DPD), and showed ferroxidase activity similar to that of human ceruloplasmin. Its amino acid composition, although similar in many residues to human ceruloplasmin, was decidedly lower in methionine and tyrosine. The chicken protein had one-third the sialic acid content of human ceruloplasmin and showed immunochemical nonidentity with human ceruloplasmin.
Atherosclerotic plaque detection by confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopies

Atherosclerosis, the development of intraluminal plaque, is a fundamental pathology of cardiovascular system and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Biomechanical in nature, plaque rupture occurs when the mechanical properties of the plaque, related to the morphology and viscoelastic properties, are compromised, resulting in intraluminal thrombosis and reduction of coronary blood flow. In this report, we describe the first simultaneous application of confocal Brillouin and Raman microscopies to ex-vivo aortic wall samples. Such a non-invasive, high specific approach allows revealing a direct relationship between the biochemical and mechanical properties of atherosclerotic tissue.
L2-GLOBAL TO LOCAL PROJECTION: AN APPROACH TO MULTISCALE ANALYSIS

The paper introduces a new global–local method for recovering the microscale features of gradient fields inside heterogeneous media. The approach is based upon the L2-projection of the homogenized solution onto function spaces spanned by solutions of local problems. The projection framework introduced is general and applies to local domains ω on the interior of the domain of interest as well as those touching the boundary. Within this new framework it is shown that the difference between the actual solution and the L2-projection of the homogenized solution as measured in the energy norm over ω is the same order as the error between the homogenized solution and the actual solution as measured by the L2-norm over a slightly larger domain. In light of the classic results from periodic homogenization this is the best one can do see A. Besounssan, J. L. Lions and G. C. Papanicolau, Asymptotic Analysis for Periodic Structures (North-Holland, 1978).
Effect of chronic saline-treatment on cholinergic neurons in supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus

Abstract It has been suggested that cholinergic neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei mediate the release of vasopressin due to osmotic stimuli in the rat. Therefore, in the present experiments the effect of a chronic osmotic stimulus on the activity of cholineacetyltransferase in these and other brain nuclei was studied. Replacement of drinking water with 2 percent saline for up to 2 weeks significantly decreased the activity of cholineacetyltransferase in the supraoptic, paraventricular and arcuate nucleus, but not in other nuclei investigated. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that cholinergic neurons are involved in the osmotically-induced stimulation of vasopressin release.
The purification of polyelectrolytes by ion exchange chromatography

Abstract A homologous series of lysine polypeptides was chromatographed on carboxymethyl-cellulose columns using linear and step gradients of sodium chloride. The effect of changes in flow rates, gradient volumes, salt concentrations, and sample amounts upon the resolution was measured. The results suggest that in ion exchange chromatography of polyelectrolytes such as polypeptides, proteins, or nucleic acids, convex gradients of about twenty column volumes would give maximum resolution when flow rates and sample amounts are low.
Group-Based Mobile Messaging in Support of the Social Side of Leisure

Communication on mobile devices plays an important role in people's use of technology for leisure, but to date this communication has largely been one-to-one. Mobile internet connectivity can support a variety of group-based messaging and media sharing scenarios. Switching to group-based messaging should enhance the social and leisure aspects of the communication, but in what ways and to what extent? An experimental system for text and photo messaging on mobile devices was tested in a research deployment to four groups of 6---8 participants who used both a group-based and one-to-one version of the system. Results highlight a significant increase in message sending, in mobile device "fun", and in the social qualities of mobile communication when messaging group-wide, along with a few minor costs. Qualitative feedback provides further explanation of the social benefits.
Comments on recent developments in stuttering treatment maintenance research using the Camperdown Program.

Purpose To review the contribution of recent studies on the Camperdown Program (O’Brian, Onslow, Cream, & Packman, 2003) for treating stuttering in adolescents and adults toward the problem of main...
Contributions of Symmetric and Asymmetric Normal Coordinates to the Intervalence Electronic Absorption and Resonance Raman Spectra of a Strongly Coupled p-Phenylenediamine Radical Cation

Resonance Raman spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and the time-dependent theory of spectroscopy are used to analyze the intervalence electron transfer properties of a strongly delocalized class III molecule, the tetraalkyl-p-phenylene diamine radical cation bis(3-oxo-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-yl)benzene ((k33)2PD+). This molecule is a prototypical system for strongly coupled organic intervalence electron transfer spectroscopy. Resonance Raman excitation profiles in resonance with the lowest energy absorption band are measured. The normal modes of vibration that are most strongly coupled to the intervalence transition are identified and assigned by using UB3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations. Excited state distortions are obtained, and the resonance Raman intensities and excitation profiles are calculated by using the time-dependent theory of Raman spectroscopy. The most highly distorted normal modes are all totally symmetric, but intervalence electron transfer absorption spectra are usually interpre...
Messenger RNA formation: resistance to inhibition by 3'-deoxycytidine.

Abstract Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine) has been previously shown to inhibit nucleolar RNA synthesis and mRNA production. 3′-Deoxycytidine shares with cordycepin the ability to inhibit nucleolar RNA synthesis, but it does not affect the appearance of mRNA. Neither compound affects heterogeneous nuclear RNA (HnRNA). The results are interpreted to mean that cordycepin inhibits proper poly(A) metabolism.
Multi-Organizational Networks: Three Antecedents of Knowledge Transfer

Researchers have demonstrated that organizations operating within formal networks are more likely to experience knowledge transfer, and the associated benefits of knowledge transfer, than would organizations operating outside of a network. However, limited research attention has been given to how the established antecedents of knowledge transfer are affected by the different forms that multi-organizational networks can assume. Using two case studies, we develop six testable propositions regarding how three of the established antecedents of knowledge transfer â€”absorptive capacity, shared identity and causal ambiguityâ€”would be affected by the different characteristics, which define multi-organizational network form. We discuss these propositions and raise issues of relevance for researchers and practitioners.
Fish assemblage changes in relation to watershed landuse disturbance

Fish assemblage collections were assessed in sub-watersheds containing various land use types to relate overall biotic condition to patterns of watershed disturbance and to the influence of introduced fishes. Four hundred historical and contemporary fish collections were analyzed in conjunction with land use and land cover data among 200, first- through fourth-order sub-watersheds across Pennsylvania. A high degree of collinearity among several land use types and the presence of non-indigenous fishes was determined, indicating multiple anthropogenic influences. Significant relationships were found between various land use types and the Jaccard coefficient of similarity, the primary index used to evaluate changes between fish collections, across all major drainages. In general, the Jaccard coefficient of similarity increased to a value of one as the percentage of forested land increased, while the Jaccard coefficient of similarity decreased as percentages of agricultural and urban land increased. Sub- wate...
Wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography of human platelet membrane glycoproteins.

Abstract Wheat germ agglutinin inhibited the agglutination of paraformaldehyde-fixed washed human platelets which is induced by ristocetin in the presence of plasma von Willebrand factor, a component of the factor VIII system. Affinity columns of wheat germ agglutinin in Sepharose 4B were used to isolate the surface glycoprotein I complex from detergent solubilized human platelet membranes. Two glycoproteins of Mr 150, 000 and Mr 210, 000 were eluted from the wheat germ column using N-acetyl glucosamine. This mixture of isolated surface glycoproteins blocked ristocetin-induced agglutination of fixed washed platelets. F(ab′)2 fragments of an antiserum raised to the eluted glycoprotein mixture inhibited ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. By solid phase immunoabsorption, it was shown that the antibody which blocked the ristocetin reaction interacted with a platelet membrane protein of Mr 150, 000. The results suggest that the glycoprotein I complex on the surface of the human platelet mediates von Willebrand factor dependent ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination.
Thermal conductivity of Inconel 718 and 304 stainless steel

The results of thermal conductivity measurements on Inconel 718 and 304 stainless steel by the comparative and flash diffusivity techniques are reported for the temperature range 0–700°C. For 304 stainless steel, excellent agreement with published data is found for the specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity. In the case of Inconel 718, the measurements show that the conductivity depends critically on the sample thermal history and the metallurgical condition of the alloy. Measurements on a solution-treated sample indicated a conductivity function close to that reported previously, while precipitated samples showed a higher conductivity, similar to the conductivityvs-temperature function used for reduction of comparative thermal conductivity data with Inconel 718 references. These results indicate that Inconel 718 is not a suitable reference for high-accuracy comparative thermal conductivity measurements unless its thermal history and associated conductivity function are known.
Some Monotonicity Results for Partially Observed Markov Decision Processes

This paper provides sufficient conditions for the optimal value in a discrete-time, finite, partially observed Markov decision process to be monotone on the space of state probability vectors ordered by likelihood ratios. The paper also presents sufficient conditions for the optimal policy to be monotone in a simple machine replacement problem, and, in the general case, for the optimal policy to be bounded from below by an easily calculated monotone function.
Partial labyrinthectomy petrous apicectomy approach to neoplastic and vascular lesions of the petroclival area.

Objective To study the value of an improvement of the presigmoid petrosal approach to the petroclival area by the addition of partial labyrinthectomy and petrous apicectomy and to document hearing and other results. Methods Thirty-six consecutive patients treated by this technique during a 2-year period were studied prospectively. The lesions treated included 33 petroclival neoplasms (25 meningiomas, 5 chordomas, 1 chondrosarcoma, 1 trigeminal schwannoma, and 1 epidermoid cyst) and 3 vertebrobasilar aneurysms. The patients underwent clinical, radiological, and neuro-otological examinations. Results There was no perioperative mortality. Cranial nerve deficits involving Cranial Nerves III, IV, V, and VI occurred in 17 patients (47%) postoperatively. Cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in 12 patients (33%). Four of these patients were treated by lumbar drainage, two patients were treated by lumboperitoneal shunt, and six patients required reoperation and repacking of the middle ear. Hydrocephalus occurred in five patients (13.9%). There was one case of meningitis and another of systemic sepsis. All 36 patients underwent postoperative audiometric evaluation. When serviceable hearing was present preoperatively (Gardner-Robertson Grades I or II), it was determined to be preserved at postoperative follow-up in 81% of the patients (26 of 32 patients). Conclusion The partial labyrinthectomy petrous apicectomy approach provided improved access to neoplasms of the clivus and petrous apex and the posterior cavernous sinus area and to vertebrobasilar aneurysms in the midclival area. This improvement in access permits more controlled and thorough treatment of these lesions, with reduced brain retraction and acceptable morbidity with respect to auditory function.
Differences in serotonin receptor expression in the brainstem may explain the differential ability of a serotonin agonist to block seizure-induced sudden death in DBA/2 vs. DBA/1 mice

DBA mice are models of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) that exhibit audiogenic generalized convulsive seizures (GCS), ending in death due to respiratory arrest (RA). Serotonin (5-HT) normally enhances respiration in response to elevated CO(2) levels, which occur during GCS in patients. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), blocks GCS-induced SUDEP in both DBA/2 and DBA/1 mice. This study examined the effects of a 5-HT(2B/2C) agonist (m-chlorophenylpiperazine, mCPP) to test the generality of serotonergic effects on DBA mice. In DBA/2 mice mCPP pre-treatment [5 or 10 (but not 2) mg/kg, i.p.] significantly reduced RA incidence without blocking seizure susceptibility. However, in DBA/1 mice mCPP in doses up to 40mg/kg was ineffective in blocking seizure-induced RA, and 60mg/kg was toxic. The cause of this strain difference was perplexing. Previous studies showed that brainstem 5-HT receptor protein expression was abnormal in DBA/2 mice. Therefore, expression of 5-HT receptor proteins in the medial-caudal brainstem of DBA/1 mice was evaluated using Western blots. In DBA1/mice 5-HT(2C) and 5-HT(3B) receptor expression levels were significantly reduced, as seen previously in DBA/2 mice. However, 5-HT(2B) receptor expression was also reduced in DBA/1 mice, contrasting with the 5-HT(2B) receptor elevation seen in DBA/2 mice. This difference may explain the differential effects of the 5-HT(2B/2C) agonist in these SUDEP models. mCPP blocked RA in DBA/2 mice and concomitantly reduced tonic seizures, which also occurs. Fluoxetine is the only agent tested that blocks RA selectively in these SUDEP models, which may be clinically relevant.
Unavoidable Sets of Partial Words

The notion of an unavoidable set of words appears frequently in the fields of mathematics and theoretical computer science, in particular with its connection to the study of combinatorics on words. The theory of unavoidable sets has seen extensive study over the past twenty years. In this paper we extend the definition of unavoidable sets of words to unavoidable sets of partial words. Partial words, or finite sequences that may contain a number of “do not know” symbols or “holes,” appear naturally in several areas of current interest such as molecular biology, data communication, and DNA computing. We demonstrate the utility of the notion of unavoidability of sets of partial words by making use of it to identify several new classes of unavoidable sets of full words. Along the way we begin work on classifying the unavoidable sets of partial words of small cardinality. We pose a conjecture, and show that affirmative proof of this conjecture gives a sufficient condition for classifying all the unavoidable sets of partial words of size two. We give a result which makes the conjecture easy to verify for a significant number of cases. We characterize many forms of unavoidable sets of partial words of size three over a binary alphabet, and completely characterize such sets over a ternary alphabet. Finally, we extend our results to unavoidable sets of partial words of size k over a k-letter alphabet.
The production and utility of monoclonal antibodies to rat apolipoprotein B lipoproteins

Murine hybridomas were prepared by fusion of azaguanine-resistant plasmacytoma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with intact rat lipoproteins (Lp). Seventeen stable hybridomas from 5 fusions producing antibody against rat apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing Lp were prepared. The distribution of antigenic determinants of rat apo B variants defined by these antibodies was similar to that found for human apo B. Thirteen mAbs were reactive to epitopes found on both the higher (apo BH) and lower (apo BL) molecular weight forms of rat apo B; two were reactive to apo BH-specific epitopes and two were reactive to apolipoprotein E. No antibodies reactive to unique apo BL epitopes were found. One anti-rat apo B mAb (1.34.3) of high affinity and avidity was reactive to denatured and intact Lp-apo B. Reactivity towards Lp-apo B was independent of variant composition and density class of Lp. The mAb was subsequently used to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) which was sensitive down to 5 ng apo B. The assay was used successfully to measure total nascent Lp-apo B secreted by hepatocytes in culture.
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) integration in the National Airspace System (NAS) project: UAS Control and Non-Payload Communication (CNPC) System Development and Testing

The Communications subproject technical challenge will be met through 4 primary objectives: 1. Develop data and rationale to obtain appropriate frequency spectrum allocations to enable the safe and efficient operation of UAS in the NAS 2. Develop and validate candidate UAS control and non-payload communication (CNPC) system prototype which complies with proposed international/national regulations, standards, and practices 3. Perform analysis and propose CNPC security recommendations for civil UAS operations 4. Perform analysis to support recommendations for integration of CNPC and ATC communications to ensure safe and efficient operation of UAS in the NAS.
Spectrophotometry of 25 comets - Post-Halley updates for 17 comets plus new observations for eight additional comets

The best possible production figures within the current post-Halley framework and available observations are given for H2O, O(1D), CN, C3, C2 and dust in 25 comets. Of these, the three objects with the smallest mixing ratios of all minor species have moderate to little or no dust and appear 'old'. Comets with large amounts of CN are very dusty, and there is a clear correlation of CN with dust, although comets with little or no dust still have some CN. Thus, CN appears to have at least two sources, dust and one or more parent gases. Also, the C2/CN production ratio changes continuously with heliocentric distance in every comet considered, suggesting that C2 production may be a function of coma density as well as parental abundance. Dust production ranges from essentially zero in Comet Sugano-Saigusa-Fujikawa up to 67,000 kg/s for Halley on March 14, 1986.
Influence of sepsis and endotoxemia on polyamine metabolism in mucosa of small intestine in rats

We examined the influence of sepsis and endotoxemia in rats on the biosynthesis of polyamines in small-intestinal mucosa. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP); control rats were sham-operated. In other experiments, rats were treated with two subcutaneous injections of endotoxin (1 mg/kg) or corresponding injections of sterile saline. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) activities and concentrations of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were measured in jejunal mucosa at intervals during 16 hours. Sepsis stimulated ODC and SAMDC activities and increased putrescine and spermidine concentrations in jejunal mucosa. Injection of endotoxin resulted in metabolic changes similar to those observed following CLP. The results suggest that sepsis and endotoxemia stimulate polyamine biosynthesis in mucosa of small intestine. The role of polyamines in the regulation of cell proliferation and metabolic changes in the intestinal mucosa during sepsis remains to be determined.
Incidence and Genotypic Association of AED Related CADRs in a Sample Population of Hispanics and African American Patients of North America (P05.088)

Objective: Study the incidence and genotypic association of Anti-epileptic Drug(AED) related Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions(CADRs) in a sample population of Hispanics and African American patients of North America. Background Strong association between HLA-B1502 and carbamazepine induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome (SJS) mandated genotypic screening in people of Chinese/Asian ethnicity.Incidence of AED related CADRs in Hispanic and African American patients and its genotypic associations are not clearly defined.Identification of patterns of CADRs with various AEDs and potential Human Leukocyte Antigen ( HLA) marker will enable appropriate selection of AEDs. Design/Methods: Charts of patients who were initiated on AEDs between January 2008 and December 2010 at the Drexel University College of Medicine Neurology Clinic were reviewed.Cases of AED related CADRs with in 60 days of initiation of the medication were identified. Information regarding their race and ethnicity,drug involved and severity of CADRs was recorded. Buccal swabs of cases with Hispanic and African American lineage were collected and sent to identify association between AED related CADRs and HLA alleles through proxy single-nucleotide polymorphisms and imputation, confirming associations by high-resolution sequence-based HLA typing.Enrollment for obtaining buccal swabs for the study is current. Results: 295consecutive patients were inititated on AED during the study period. 30 cases(11 African American,11 Hispanic,8 Caucasian)of moderate CADRs were identified. A female predominance(5:1)was noted. CADRs were linked to carbamazepine,lamotrigine,valproic acid and Phenobarbital in 10,7,6 and 4 cases respectively. Buccal swabs of 10 cases( 5 African American, 5 Hispanics) and 10 matched controls has been sent for HLA typing, results of which are pending. Conclusions: AED related CADRs are more common in females and most frequent with carbamazepine.Carbamazepine induced CADRs has been linked to HLA-B1502 and HLA-A3101 in asian and caucasians respectively. The results of our HLA studies may identify genotypic association between AED related CADRs in African American and Hispanic populations of North America. Supported by: Dept of Neurology-Drexel University College of Medicine, American Red Cross-Philadelphia. Disclosure: Dr. Ambady has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pillai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Arora has nothing to disclose.
A comparison of the effects of dietary selenium on selenoprotein expression in rat brain and liver

Abstract In studies with rodents, when dietary supplies of the essential nutrient Se are restricted, in most tissues there are parallel substantial losses of the element and the important antioxidant selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) for which it is a cofactor. In brain, however, there appears to be both a sequestration of Se and a conservation of GPx activity when dietary Se is limited. To further explore the relation between these phenomena, we have undertaken a comparison of the effects of diets low, normal and high in Se on GPx activity, and labeling of selenoproteins following short-term (72 h) in vivo exposure to 75Se, in subcellular fractions from rat brain and liver, the latter serving as a representative tissue which does not retain Se and is depleted of most GPx activity following dietary restriction. Brains and livers from animals on the three diets showed different patterns of response with respect to both GPx activity and retention of the 75Se dose. The low-Se diet (0.006 ppm) substantially reduced GPx activity in liver but not brain, while high levels (1 ppm) did not increase Gpx in either tissue relative to a normal (0.1 ppm) intake. The 75Se was retained in brain homogenates and subcellular fractions to the greatest extent by rats on the restricted diet, while in liver, retention was greater in rats fed the normal supplement than in animals on either the low- or high-Se diets. Levels of non-protein-bound 75Se were higher in brain than liver and increased with dietary Se in both tissues. When proteins in brain and liver homogenates and subcellular fractions where separated by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE and exposed to X-ray film, the resulting autoradiograms revealed the existence of seven distinct selenoprotein bands in brain and eight in liver. Different patterns of selenoprotein expression were observed in subcellular fractions isolated from both tissues. Dependence of levels of individual selenoproteins on diet paralleled the effects on 75Se retention. Dietary influences on expression of protein bands tentatively identified as GPx were more pronounced in liver than brain. All of these observations provide further evidence of the unique nature of Se metabolism in brain.
Two-Dimensional Transonic Aerodynamic Design Method

This paper demonstrates the capabilities of a new transonic, two-dimensional design method, based on the simultaneous solution of multiple streamtubes, coupled through the position of, and pressure at, the streamline interfaces. This allows the specification of either the airfoil shape (direct, analysis mode) or the airfoil surface pressure distribution (inverse, design mode). The nonlinear system of equations is formulated in a conservative manner, which guarantees the correct treatment of shocks, and is solved by a rapid Newton solution method. Viscous effects can also be included through a coupled integral boundary-layer analysis. The first set of results shows the effect of different far-field treatments, demonstrating the improvement in accuracy obtained by including the second-order doublet terms in addition to the usual first-order vortex term. The results are also compared to those obtained by specifying straight far-field streamlines (corresponding to solid-wall wind-tunnel experiments) or constant far-field pressure (corresponding to freejet experiments) to show the sensitivity to the farfield distance. In the second set of results, the design method is used to design a transonic airfoil with C/ = 1.000 at A/oo = 0.70. It is shown that the off-design performance is improved by specifying a surface pressure distribution with a very weak shock.
Enhancement of cesium-137 excretion by rats maintained chronically on ferric ferrocyanide.

SummaryContinuous ingestion of ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian blue, PB) at concentrations of .25 and 2.5 g/l in drinking water causes a significant reduction over a 60-day period in the whole-body retention of a single intravenous administration of 137Cs in rats. No effect was noted at a concentration of .025 g PB/l. The serial decrease in radioactivity resulted from both reduced fractional deposition in and increased biological turnover from the major retention component. Retention was described by a linear sum of 3 exponential terms.Cesium appearing in the gut by secretory processes is bound by PB and prevented from reentering the body for recirculation. Interrupting the enteral cycle results in an acceleration of total cesium excretion and in a drastic reduction (factor of 20) in the urinary-to-fecal excretion ratio. A kinetic approach for assessing total integrated effect of drug treatment in tracer studies is presented. The integrated effect of PB treatment at the highest concentration was a reduction...
Impact of Retroflexion Vs. Second Forward View Examination of the Right Colon on Adenoma Detection: A Comparison Study

Impact of Retroflexion Vs. Second Forward View Examination of the Right Colon on Adenoma Detection: A Comparison Study
Comparison of two-dimensional echocardiographic wall motion and wall thickening abnormalities in relation to the myocardium at risk

Previous 2DE studies have suggested that left ventricular wall thickening determinants of regional left ventricular function may be more precise than left ventricular wall motion parameters in the assessment of myocardial ischemia and infarction. To study the relationship between regional wall motion and regional wall thickening abnormalities relative to myocardial ischemia, we performed 2DE in 27 dogs at baseline and following 1 hour of circumflex coronary occlusion. A 2DE circumferential map of regional wall motion and regional wall thickening was generated at 22.5-degree intervals over 360 degrees using a fixed centroid. With the use of three consecutive beats, 95% normal tolerance levels were derived for each individual left ventricular function map. The circumferential extent of left ventricular dysfunction was measured at the curve intercepts of the occluded and normal maps. The left ventricular ischemic area at risk for the corresponding 2DE slice was determined by technetium-99 autoradiography. Following coronary occlusion, left ventricular end-diastolic area increased (p less than 0.0005), left ventricular end-systolic area increased (p less than 0.0005), and left ventricular area ejection fraction decreased (50 +/- 2% to 30 +/- 2%, p less than 0.0005). The circumferential extent of regional wall motion overestimated the area at risk by 77% (226 +/- 11 degrees vs 128 +/- 7 degrees, p less than 0.0005), whereas the circumferential extent of regional wall thickening corresponded to the area at risk (147 +/- 9 degrees vs 128 +/- 7 degrees, p = NS). In addition, the circumferential extent of regional wall motion overestimated regional wall thickening by 54% (p less than 0.0005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Estimating Intra- and Inter-Assay Variability in Salivary Cortisol

Investigators commonly assess intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) to estimate the precision of salivary cortisol enzyme immunoassay (EIA). However, little guidance is available as to which samples to use for CV assessment. The purposes of this methodological study were to compare differences in intra- and inter-assay CVs (a) among controls, standards, and/or unknown samples; and (b) between fresh and previously frozen saliva. A total of 174 duplicates (controls = 58, standards = 48, and unknowns = 68) were tested. The unknowns were from 34 students; all student saliva was assayed as both fresh and frozen samples. All samples were assayed in duplicate, using a commercial salivary cortisol EIA kit, by the same technician with the same equipment. A priori criteria for intra- and inter-assay CV, respectively, were ≤ 4% and ≤ 7%, and a was .05 for CV differences. Mean intra-assay CVs for controls, standards, unknowns, and combined samples were ≤ 2.5%, and mean inter-assay CVs were ≤ 2.8%. Mean intra-assay CVs were 2.2% for fresh saliva and 1.5% for frozen samples. Comparisons showed no significant differences in intra- or inter-assay CV among controls, standards, and/or unknown samples. Inter-assay CV was significantly different between fresh and previously frozen saliva (p = .043), with fresh saliva CV higher than frozen; the difference was not meaningful because all evaluations showed minimal measurement error. In conclusion, results indicate that estimation of precision can be achieved by testing of controls, standards, or unknowns and with either fresh or frozen saliva in this population.
Stress and parasitism of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in dry and floodplain environments

We hypothesized that flooding represents an environmental stressor that might affect the corticosterone levels, parasite prevalence, and life history of small mammals living in floodplain environments. We compared populations of white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)) on floodplains and dry areas. We found more males on floodplains (p = 0.008) and more females on dry areas (p = 0.005). There were no differences in mass (p > 0.05) or intestinal parasite prevalence (p = 0.665) between dry and floodplain habitats, but bot fly larvae were significantly more prevalent in males living on floodplains (p = 0.043). Floodplain animals had significantly higher levels of corticosterone than dry-area animals in fall, and lower levels in summer (F[1,20] = 4.483, p = 0.047). In addition, we found that animals with intestinal parasites had higher levels of corticosterone than those that were without parasites (p = 0.014) or that harbored bot fly larvae (p = 0.001). Floodplains seem to be harsher enviro...
The Emergence of China into Global Level

This paper focuses on various effects of emergence of China. Moreover, it explains if China can succeed in maintaining their development based on several factors. The rising of China will also change the global economic map. Therefore, this paper focuses on the anticipation of the major effects and changes after emergence of the great china based on various literatures, when that the time will be, and what will be the major changes in the world. Finally, this paper try to explain the mission of Africa, bipolarization of wealth and knowledge, and US unipolarity to support the effect of emergence of China.
A model for inclusive production from high-energy hadron-nucleus interactions

It is shown that all aspects of the data on inclusive single-particle production from nuclei can be understood in terms of a model in which the interaction with the nucleus occurs through one or more elastic q-q scatterings. Successive scatters are assumed to be mostly incoherent. No cascading occurs because "dressing" of the scattered quarks does not take place until after the quarks leave the nucleus,
Minicomputer selection and implementation

Technological advances in large-scale integrated circuits have caused mini and micro computer usage to multiply in the last few years. This behooves academic to treat the mini/micro phenomenon adequately. The same multiplication process, however, makes choosing a minicomputer all the more difficult. The problem is compounded by the hardware and electronics knowledge required to attain the best price advantage. This paper describes how one academic computer department selected and implemented a minicomputer on a restricted budget. It is written primarily for the reader without extensive knowledge of hardware electronics.This article is a description of the experiences of one academic computer department1 in buying, installing, and using an academic minicomputer. It is directed primarily to those having little or no expertise in electronics or computer hardware design. This description is in response to a number of inquiries of “What did you do?” It is a step-by-step description and, as such, is quite specific to our particular system, with which we have been well pleased. It is offered as a guide of experience both to those who might obtain a similar system and as a case to others as well.
Fluorogen Activating Peptide Based Energy Transfer Donors for FRET in Living Cells

Ensemble FRET based biosensors have been demonstrated by a number of groups that allow for direct interrogation of signaling pathways in living cells, with a range of activities including protein modification, protein conformational changes, and protein interactions. The response strength of these probes is limited by FRET efficiency and ensemble averaging, as the responses typically come from a heterogeneous population of responders in the dynamic cellular situation. We present a novel approach to FRET in living cells that allows single molecule FRET determinations based on stochastic activation of an expressible donor moiety. This approach allows low-density single molecule FRET measurements to be determined in living cells, and correlated to cellular location.We have isolated Fluorogen Activating Peptides (FAPs) based on single chain antibody fragments that noncovalently bind to dyes and enhance their fluorescence by factors of 2000-20,000. In the apo-form, the FAP has no chromophore or detectable fluorescence, while diffusion controlled binding of dye results in “switching” of the module with a very high contrast ratio. Use of FAP-based FRET donors, in low concentrations of fluorogen with respect to the FAP-Fluorogen Kd results in a low occupancy of FRET donors when paired with other expressible FRET acceptors, such as RFP or ReAsH domains. This stochastic occupancy allows single molecule determinations of FRET efficiency, at a rate equal to the object localization rate, governed by binding of the fluorogen to the FAP (see posters by Qi Yan et al. and Keith Lidke et al.), and breaking from the ensemble averaged FRET measurements. We present data and formalisms for analysis of the FRET efficiency of incompletely occupied ensembles of molecules, and feasibility demonstrations for single-molecule FRET determination using sparse single molecule measurements on living cells.