cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimode Rayleigh-Taylor growth at strongly convergent spherical interfaces

Recently, attention has focused on the effects of spherical convergence on the nonlinear phase of Rayleigh-Taylor growth. In particular, for instability growth on spherically converging interfaces, modifications to the predictions of the Layzer model for the secular growth of a single, nonlinear mode have been reported. On the other hand, applications of interest involve surface perturbations which include the superposition of many unstable modes growing simultaneously. Such weakly nonlinear, multimode growth has previously been studied in the context of the well-known Haan model. Here, we combine the most recent results for enhanced nonlinear single mode growth on spherical interfaces with the Haan model formulation for multimode growth. Remarkably, the multimode results are found not to be substantially modified by including the effects of convergence.
Role of complement C9 and calcium in the generation of arachidonic acid and its metabolites from rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes

We have previously shown that antibody-sensitized mouse peritoneal macrophages release arachidonic acid (C20:4) and its oxygenated derivatives when treated with complement, and that the major part of the release depended on the terminal complement complexes (TCC). To further delineate the process(es) responsible for this release we have extended our studies to rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Experiments were performed with antibody-sensitized rat PMNs labeled with [3H]C20:4 and carrying the TCC, C5b-7, C5b-8 or C5b-9. In contrast to the results of other studies, production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4), the major radiolabeled derivative, was strictly dependent on the presence of C9. However, low levels of C20:4 and prostaglandins (PGs) were produced prior to the C5b-9 stage. Kinetic studies demonstrated that release of LTB4 was rapid; the initial release occurred within 4-6 min and a second rise in release coincided with cell death. Virtually all the LTB4 produced was released as we found no evidence of retention of intracellular LTB4 at either the C5b-8 or C5b-9 stages. In the absence of extracellular calcium, the release of LTB4 was completely abolished and the release of C20:4 and PGs was drastically reduced. [3H]C20:4-labeled PMNs carrying C5b-9 did release substantial amounts of radiolabeled material in the presence of EGTA; however, the majority of this lipid was in the form of intact phospholipid and triglyceride. These results indicate that release of C20:4 and its oxygenated derivatives from rat PMNs is (1) dependent on the participation of C9 in the preexisting C5b-8 complex in the cell membrane, and (2) largely dependent on the presence of calcium.
Detection of HSV‐specific DNA in biopsy tissue of patients with erythema multiforme by polymerase chain reaction

Summary Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin biopsies of lesions of erythema multiforme (EM) from 32 patients and 13 controls were examined for the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and for histological findings by direct immunofluorescence and staining with haematoxylin and eosin. HSV-specific DNA was detected in 23 (72%) patients. A history of recurrent skin rash was present in 59% of the PCR-positive cases, while 55% had had suspected HSV infections. Only two PCR-positive specimens were found in patients without a history of recurrent rash and/or previous oral lesions. One biopsy was positive for HSV by conventional cell cultures. There was no significant difference in histology between HSV-related and HSV-negative cases of EM. In the 13 control specimens [bullous pemphigoid (3), dermatitis herpetiformis (2), lichen planus (1), aphthous ulcer (1), fixed-drug eruption (1), varicella-zoster (1), hypereosinophilic syndrome (1), photocontact dermatitis (1), contact dermatitis (1), and cellulitis (1)], no HSV-DNA was detected.
Performance of laser-beam powered optically commutating motor

Optical motors were operated to demonstrate efficient energy transportation for mechanical use at a remote point, via optical waves. The laser beam showed that it can produce the same amount of mechanical power at a level of -30 dB over a distance 20-70 times greater than a focused collimated white-light beam.
Gender differentials in poverty-mortality well-being.

This paper explores the application of a life table approach to the analysis of poverty [in the United States]. After reviewing trends in gender differentials in poverty and mortality we investigate an indicator of poverty-mortality well-being. The rationale for this approach is that to some extent poverty and mortality are causally interrelated phenomena which are both fundamental to well-being. The empirical results indicate that females are expected to live more years in poverty than are males but females are expected to live more years in nonpoverty as well. Although the gender differential in poverty rates has increased to the disadvantage of females and although most of the greater poverty of females cannot be attributed to their greater longevity the gender differential in poverty-mortality well-being has nonetheless not deteriorated to the disadvantage of women in recent decades. (EXCERPT)
High-pressure stability of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7): H/D isotope effect

Abstract H/D substitution was used to gain insight into the role of hydrogen bonding (HB) on the high-pressure stability of FOX-7. Raman measurements were performed on single crystals of deuterated FOX-7 (FOX-7-d 4 ) compressed to 40 GPa. Comparison of present and previously published results for FOX-7 revealed that deuteration: (i) does not affect chemical stability to 40 GPa, (ii) removes spectral changes observed at 2 GPa, (iii) does not affect the pressure onset for the 4.5 GPa phase transition, and (iv) lifts the vibrational modes coupling. This work demonstrates that HB contributes selectively to different aspects of the high-pressure stability of FOX-7.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PHOTO-FRIES REARRANGEMENTS OF TWO 2-NAPHTHYL ALKANOATES BY EXPERIMENT AND THEORY. COMPARISON WITH THE ACID-CATALYZED REACTIONS

A detailed investigation of the photochemistry of 2-naphthyl acetate (1a) and 2-naphthyl myristate (1b) has been conducted under a variety of conditions. Factors related to the reactions such as te...
Modification of stress-induced prolactin release by dexamethasone or adrenalectomy.

A study was conducted to determine the influence of conditions known to alter ACTH secretion on prolactin release by the pituitary. Dexamethasone or 0.9% NaCl was injected subcutaneously into intact male rats 4 hr before a 2-min ether stress. Other rats were submitted to the ether stress 2 weeks following adrenalectomy. Five min following exposure to the ether stress, the rats were decapitated and trunk blood was collected. Plasma levels of prolactin were determined by radioimmunoassay. Dexamethasone (31, 125 or 500 µg/kg) blocked the stress-induced prolactin release in a dosage dependent manner with the highest dose decreasing plasma prolactin to levels similar to those observed in rats not exposed to the ether stress. Conversely, adrenalectomy was found to potentiate prolactin release due to ether stress. The results indicate that the adrenal may play a regulatory role in stress-induced prolactin release. They are also consistent with the suggestion that a common pathway or mechanism may be involved in ...
Supplemental nicotinic acid or nicotinamide for lactating dairy cows.

Abstract In two experiments with multiparous Holstein cows, the effects of feeding supplemental nicotinic acid or nicotinamide on milk production and metabolite changes associated with early lactation were measured. In Experiment 1, 30 cows were assigned to three groups. The treatment groups received 6g nicotinic acid or 6g nicotinamide per head per day beginning 2 wk prepartum to 12 wk postpartum. Control group received no treatment. Cows receiving nicotinamide produced more milk (wk 9, 11, and 12) and had higher milk fat test (wk 1 and 4) than did controls. Concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate in blood serum (wk 4) were lower for cows receiving nicotinic acid or nicotinamide. Serum glucose concentration (wk 4 to 6) was higher and FFA (wk 4) were lower for cows receiving nicotinamide than for controls. In Experiment 2 with six multiparous Holstein cows, the effects of feeding nicotinamide on metabolic changes associated before, during, and after a 48-h period without feed initiated at 4 wk postpartum were studied. The treatment groups received 12g nicotinamide per head per day beginning 2 wk prepartum to 4 wk postpartum. The control group received no treatment. Supplementing nicotinamide to lactating cows had no effect on serum glucose, β-hydroxybutyrate, or free fatty acids before, during, or after a 48-h period without feed.
Pursuit deterrence varies with predation risks affecting escape behaviour in the lizard Callisaurus draconoides

A growing body of evidence suggests that many prey attempt to prevent attack by signalling that they have detected a predator and are able to escape. Much of the evidence for pursuit deterrence is indirect in that signalling is not shown to reduce probability of attack. Indirect evidence is obtained by eliminating alternative hypotheses and demonstrating that signals are directed to predators. Other studies have shown that signalling is related to single predation risk factors. Because prey need not signal at low risk and should attempt to escape immediately when at high risk, pursuit–deterrent signals should occur most frequently at intermediate risk. Tests of escape theory have demonstrated that flight initiation distance (predator–prey distance when prey flees) increases as risk associated with various risk factors increases. I show that in the lizard Callisaurus draconoides , which signals by waving its tail, probability and timing of signalling are affected by degree of risk for several factors that strongly affect flight initiation distance, specifically distance to refuge, speed and directness of approach, and predator persistence. Flight initiation distance increased with risk for all factors, but for all but one factor, relationships to risk differed between signalling and escape, and differences were readily predicted from functional differences between these behaviours.
On the Uncertainty in Estimates of Atmospheric Heating Due to Data Postprocessing

Abstract Using a general circulation model (GCM) dataset, the impact of postprocessing interpolation from model sigma to pressure coordinates on a diagnostic analysis of the atmospheric energy balance is examined. Various isobaric resolutions are chosen that correspond to those provided in existing analysis archives generated by the National Meteorological Center and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. Large differences are found between diabatic heating computed residually in isobaric coordinates versus sigma coordinates. Vertically averaged heating reconstructed from pressure level circulation data is found to be in error locally by 10%–50%, with poorer results occurring at coarser vertical resolution. For the zonally averaged isobaric beat balance, the error exceeds the total zonally averaged heating near the tropopause and near the surface. In the former region, the beating is quite small, whereas in the latter region it exceeds 1 K day−1 In contrast, reconstructing the beat balanc...
Body modifications and young adults: Predictors of intentions to engage in future body modification

Abstract The current study employs the theory of extended self to examine fashion leadership and its predictive value of intention to engage in body modification behavior. Data were collected using a survey. Participants included 454 students from two universities located in the southern United States. Findings identify new relationships among vanity, impulsiveness, market maven and reveal a significant, but weak, relationship between fashion leadership and future intentions. The strong relationship between previous behaviors and future intentions indicates that college students who previously engaged in body modification are likely to repeat the behavior. The current findings offer management new insight as to the importance of and motivations to engage in body modification.
Synchronizing High-Dimensional Chaotic Optical Ring Dynamics

We study chaotic ring laser systems as possible elements in a communications system. To be useful it must be possible to synchronize the transmitter and receiver lasers. We show that chaotic ring lasers can be synchronized using direct light injection from one laser into the optical cavity of the second. This synchronization occurs even when both lasers are quite high dimensional and each possesses many positive Lyapunov exponents. When the lasers are synchronized, the transmitted light can be modulated with information bearing signals and the message accurately recovered at the receiver.
High temperature limit of the order parameter correlation functions in the quantum Ising model

Abstract In this paper we use the exact results for the anisotropic two-dimensional Ising model obtained by Bugrii and Lisovyy [A.I. Bugrii, O.O. Lisovyy, Theor. Math. Phys. 140 (2004) 987] to derive the expressions for dynamical correlation functions for the quantum Ising model in one dimension at high temperatures.
The effect of biogenic amines on ovarian development in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator

Abstract 1. Female fiddler crabs, Vca pugilator , were injected with 1.25 × 10 −9 −1.25 × 10 −7 mol/crab of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), dopamine (DA), or octopamine (OA). Crabs administered 5-HT showed increased, dose-dependent ovarian development. Those administered DA or OA did not. 2. Crabs administered 20 mmg of the 5-HT receptor blocker LY53857 showed less ovarian development than saline-injected controls. 3. The results support the hypothesis that endogenous 5-HT has a stimulatory effect on development of the ovaries in Uca pugilator by releasing gonad-stimulating hormone.
Lattice subordinations and Priestley duality

There is a well-known correspondence between Heyting algebras and S4-algebras. Our aim is to extend this correspondence to distributive lattices by defining analogues of S4-algebras for them. For this purpose, we introduce binary relations on Boolean algebras that resemble de Vries proximities. We term such binary relations lattice subordinations. We show that the correspondence between Heyting algebras and S4-algebras extends naturally to distributive lattices and Boolean algebras with a lattice subordination. We also introduce Heyting lattice subordinations and prove that the category of Boolean algebras with a Heyting lattice subordination is isomorphic to the category of S4-algebras, thus obtaining the correspondence between Heyting algebras and S4-algebras as a particular case of our approach.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefmetazole with emphasis on comparison between predicted theoretical levels in tissue and actual skin window fluid levels.

Cefmetazole is a cephamycin antibiotic which is resistant to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases. This study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of cefmetazole, including its intravascular and interstitial fluid distribution, by using the skin window (SW) technique. A 2-g dose of cefmetazole was given intravenously over 30 min to each of 12 healthy adult male volunteers every 6 h for nine doses. Plasma levels were assayed at predetermined intervals after doses 1, 5, and 9. Interstitial fluid levels were determined by the SW technique. Antibiotic levels were assayed by the agar well bioassay technique. A concentration-versus-time plot indicates that cefmetazole is rapidly distributed, with mean peak levels in plasma equal to 126 micrograms/ml at the end of the half-hour infusion. The mean plasma half-life was 1.1 h. Plasma and tissue distribution constants permitted calculation of theoretical levels in tissue. Parallel elimination slopes for SW and theoretical tissue level showed that the SW model distribution kinetics are closely related. The area under the curve for the SW was 73.9 mg.h/liter. This was comparable to the theoretical level in tissue, which was 96 mg.h/liter. Furthermore, the area under the curve of theoretical tissue level/plasma was 0.6 and that of SW/plasma was 0.47. These results demonstrate that the SW technique yielded a result quite close to the theoretical tissue level. Ultrafiltration analysis indicated that as cefmetazole levels in plasma increased from 10 to 250 micrograms/ml, plasma protein binding of the antibiotic dropped from 85 to 65%. Finally, 60 to 70% of the drug was recovered from the urine as biologically active drug over 6 h postinfusion.
Parameterization of pressure perturbations in a PBL mass-flux model

Abstract In a companion paper, the authors presented a boundary layer parameterization that was based on the mass-flux concept and included an internally consistent representation of the vertical flux of horizontal momentum. In the present paper, the authors show how the framework of that model can be used to determine the perturbation pressure field, by solving the anelastic pressure equation. The pressure covariances needed to close the parameterization can then be diagnosed. Tests show very encouraging agreement of the pressure statistics with results obtained from large-eddy simulations.
On a boundary value problem in the theory of urine formation

A model of the renal medulla introduced by Shohet and Pinter takes the form of a linear two point boundary value problem. It is shown that this boundary value problem can be reduced to an initial value problem, which is of analytical interest and of computational utility.
Effect of a Prolonged Superoxide Flux on Transferrin and Ferritin

Abstract The involvement of “free” iron in damage caused by oxidative stress is well recognized. Superoxide generated in a short burst and at a relatively high flux by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase couple is known to release iron from ferritin in the presence of phenanthroline derivatives as iron chelators. However, superoxide generation via xanthine oxidase is accompanied by the simultaneous direct generation of hydrogen peroxide and, in the presence of ferritin, there is also a superoxide-independent release of iron. In this study it was found that the iron chelator employed attenuates superoxide formation from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase couple. The reaction of ferritin and transferrin with a clean chemical source of superoxide, di(4-carboxybenzyl)hyponitrite (SOTS-1) was therefore investigated. The efficiency of superoxide-induced iron release from ferritin increases dramatically as the superoxide flux is decreased, reaching as high as 0.5 Fe per O •− 2 . Treatment of ferritin for 16 h with SOTS-1 yielded as many as 130 Fe atoms/ferritin molecule, which greatly exceeds the amount of possible “contaminating” iron absorbed on the protein shell.
Advances in treating insomnia

Too often, insomnia is treated as a symptom without investigation of the cause. Insomnia may be a condition unto itself (primary insomnia), or it may be associated with a medical or psychiatric condition (comorbid insomnia), and it may be acute or chronic. Inadequate treatment often leads to significant frustration and lost productivity. We review the classification, pathophysiology, and treatment of insomnia and discuss how we can minimize its adverse consequences.
Preserved grip selection planning in chronic unilateral upper extremity amputees.

Upper limb amputees receive no proprioceptive or visual sensory feedback about their absent hand. In this study, we asked whether chronic amputees nevertheless retain the ability to accurately plan gripping movements. Fourteen patients and matched controls performed two grip selection tasks: overt grip selection (OGS), in which they used their intact hand to grasp an object that appeared in different orientations using the most natural (under- or overhand) precision grip, and prospective grip selection (PGS), in which they selected the most natural grip for either hand without moving. We evaluated planning accuracy by comparing concordance between grip preferences expressed in PGS vs. OGS for the intact hand and PGS vs. the inverse of OGS responses for the affected hand. Overall, amputees showed no deficits in the accuracy of grip selection planning based on either hand and a consistent preference for less awkward hand postures. We found no evidence for a speed-accuracy tradeoff. Furthermore, selection accuracy did not depend on phantom mobility, phantom limb pain, time since amputation, or the residual limb’s shoulder posture. Our findings demonstrate that unilateral upper limb amputees retain the ability to plan movements based on the biomechanics of their affected hand even many years after limb loss. This unimpaired representation may stem from persistent higher-level activity-independent internal representations or may be sustained by sensory feedback from the intact hand.
Dissociation kinetics of doublets of aerosol particles

Abstract If the dispersion forces, responsible for coagulation, are not too strong (i.e., if the aerosol particles are sufficiently small), then the coagulated aerosol doublets can derive enough energy from the collisions with the molecules of the suspending medium to overcome the interaction potential well, thus leading to their dissociation. Because of the great disparity between the time scales of oscillation in the potential well and Brownian motion of the coagulated particle pairs, the Fokker-Planck equation can be averaged with respect to the relative position of the constituents of the doublet. One thus obtains a one-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation in terms of the energy of the relative motion of the two constituents. As a result, the average lifetime of a doublet can be calculated as a first passage time in the energy of the relative motion of its constituents. The average dissociation time of the doublets, in air at 1 atm and 298 K, for a Hamaker constant of 10 −12 erg, has been thus calculated for different radii of the constituent particles. The average dissociation time is found to increase dramatically, from 10 −7 to 10 −1 s, as the radius changes from 15 to 50 A. This is a result of the rapid increase in the depth of the interaction potential well with increasing radii. The doublets consisting of particles whose radii are greater than 50 A are found to be extremely stable.
Rethinking some mechanisms invoked to explain translational regulation in eukaryotes.

Abstract Real progress in understanding translational regulatory mechanisms lags behind the claims of progress. Novel mechanisms were proclaimed in recent months for some important regulatory proteins from Drosophila (e.g. Bruno, Sex-lethal, Reaper), but the evidence is thin. Many flaws in the design and interpretation of new experiments can be traced to older experiments which came to be accepted, not because the evidence was overwhelming, but because the ideas were appealing. Two of these classic examples of translational regulation are discussed before taking up the newer findings. One paradigm concerns regulation of 15-lipoxygenase production during reticulocyte maturation. The mechanism postulated for 15-lipoxygenase was pieced together in vitro and has never been linked in a meaningful way to what happens naturally in reticulocytes; nevertheless, these experiments have guided (or misguided) thinking about how sequences near the 3′ end of an mRNA might regulate translation. The second paradigm concerns the regulation of cyclin B1 translation in Xenopus oocytes by a protein called Maskin, which purportedly interacts with initiation factors. A third topic discussed in some detail concerns the idea that in eukaryotes, as in prokaryotes, initiation of translation might involve base-pairing between mRNA and ribosomal RNA. Recent experiments undertaken to test this idea in yeast are far from conclusive. Many of the experimental defects brought to light in this review are simple—absence of controls, reliance on indirect tests, failure to test a new test system before using it; these things are fixable. Special problems are posed by the practice of using internal ribosome entry sequences (IRESs) as tools to figure out how translation might be regulated by other components. Unanswered questions about the IRESs themselves have to be resolved before they can be used confidently as tools.
Fiber, food, fuel, and fungal symbionts

Virtually all plants of economic importance form mycorrhizae. These absorbing organs of higher plants result from a symbiotic union of beneficial soil fungi and feeder roots. In forestry, the manipulation of fungal symbionts ecologically adapted to the planting site can increase survival and growth of forest trees, particularly on adverse sites. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, which occur not only on many trees but also on most cultivated crops, are undoubtedly more important to world food crops. Imperatives for mycorrhizal research in forestry and agriculture are (i) the development of mass inoculum of mycorrhizal fungi, (ii) the interdisciplinary coordination with soil management, plant breeding, cultivation practices, and pest control to ensure maximum survival and development of fungal symbionts in the soil, and (iii) the institution of nursery and field tests to determine the circumstances in which mycorrhizae benefit plant growth in forestry and agri-ecosystems.
Points to remember: Tips on heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Abstract The column in this issue is supplied by Dr. Kelty Baker, a hematologist in private practice at Houston Methodist. She is a Rice University graduate. Baylor College of Medicine was her home for medical school (Alpha Omega Alpha honors), medical residency, hematology fellowship, and seven years on the Baylor full-time academic staff before going into private practice. Her analysis of the importance of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia follows.
Four-dimensional superconformal index reloaded

We consider the four-dimensional N≥1 superconformal index and its generalization to the lens space. We discuss reductions of the latter to the three-dimensional N≥2 sphere partition function, the threedimensional N≥2 superconformal index, and the two-dimensional N≥(2, 2) sphere partition function. We apply these reductions to a class of four-dimensional N=1 superconformal field theories dual to toric Calabi-Yau manifolds, and we find surprising connections with integrable spin chains and hyperbolic geometry. We comment on the problem of classifying infrared fixed points of four-dimensional and threedimensional supersymmetric gauge theories.
An Experimental Comparison of Reactor Power Controllers Based on the Standard and Alternate Formulations of the Dynamic Period Equation

An experimental comparison was made of reactor power controllers based on the standard and alternate formulations of the dynamic period equation. Both controllers use the `Reactivity Constraint Approach' which is a general methodology for the digital control of power in nuclear reactors that can be described using point kinetics. The standard formulation is the basis of the MIT-CSDL Non-Linear Digital Controller, a technique that has been licensed by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for general use on the 5 MWt MIT Research Reactor. The alternate controller is newly developed. A principal strength of both controllers is that they address the time-delayed nature of reactor dynamics. The experiments show that while the overall response of the alternate controller is slower than that of its standard counterpart, the two do have comparable 80% rise times. Also, it is noted that there are certain advantages to use of the alternate formulation. Specifically, the derivation of the alternate dynamic period equation does not require the making of any assumptions, each of the alternate equation's component terms can be accurately measured on-line in real time, and no approximations are required in the development of the associated reactivity constraints.
Who Reviews the Reviewers

This, indeed, is about the only significant point that Shweder establishes throughout his entire article, and I do not think that such meager gleanings justify the continuation of this ordeal. Shweder does not understand my book, or Piaget, and the references to developmental psychology and to ethnography are almost invariably irrelevant, or gross distortions of what those cited actually said. In the course of his article Shweder exhorts LUvi-Strauss, Whorf, and Durkheim to "take heart" from his support. They should be embarrassed by it.
Circadian rhythms in Drosophila melanogaster: analysis of period as a function of gene dosage at the per (period) locus

Mutations at the per (period) locus of Drosophila melanogaster affect the period of its circadian rhythms. An analysis of published data on strains having duplications and deletions of the per locus indicates that the period is a logarithmic function of the level of the per gene product. The analysis also indicates that period is relatively insensitive to the level of that gene product; a presumed 300% increase in the gene product level produces only a 4.6% decrease in the period. The period of a strain transformed with per+ DNA conforms to the same logarithmic relationship if the level of mRNA in the transformant, which is one-tenth that in the wild type, is considered equivalent to a gene dosage one-tenth the wild type dose of 2, or 0.2. The periods of strains having various doses of mutant per alleles which shorten (pers) or lengthen (per1) the period can be fitted to the same logarithmic function. The analysis may provide an explanation for the partial dominance of pers over per+ and the dominance of per+ over per1, since it suggests that the per1 gene product is nearly inactive while the pers gene product is more than 34 times as active as the wild type product. Analysis of periods of strains heterozygous at the per locus suggests that the per gene product may be a multimeric protein. Three possible roles for the per gene product in circadian rhythmicity are discussed, including a role in synchronizing rhythm-producing cells.
Jellyfish inspired unmanned underwater vehicle

An unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) was designed inspired by the form and functionality of a Jellyfish. These natural organisms were chosen as bio-inspiration for a multitude of reasons including: efficiency of locomotion, lack of natural predators, proper form and shape to incorporate payload, and varying range of sizes. The structure consists of a hub body surrounded by bell segments and microcontroller based drive system. The locomotion of UUV was achieved by shape memory alloy "Biometal Fiber" actuation which possesses large strain and blocking force with adequate response time. The main criterion in design of UUV was the use of low-profile shape memory alloy actuators which act as artificial muscles. In this manuscript, we discuss the design of two Jellyfish prototypes and present experimental results illustrating the performance and power consumption.
Type I keratinocyte transglutaminase: Expression in human skin and psoriasis

A 92-kD transglutaminase (TGase K), expressed in human cultured keratinocytes and stratum corneum, catalyzes a critical step in the formation of the cornified envelope of terminal differentiation. A rabbit polyclonal antibody to TGase K was used to isolate overlapping cDNA clones from a human keratinocyte cDNA expression library. The cDNA clones were sequenced and unequivocally identified as TGase K by comparison to the N-terminal amino acid sequences of two cyanogen bromide fragments from the purified enzyme. The mRNA for Tgase K is expressed in cultured keratinocytes but not in A431 squamous carcinoma cells, in fibroblasts, or in other non-epithelial tissues and cells. Although TGase K protein expression is limited to the upper layers of normal epidermis, the mRNA is generally present throughout the epidermis, suggesting the possibility of post-transcriptional regulation. Precocious expression of TGase K protein occurs in psoriasis, and quantitative Northern blot analysis of TGase K mRNA from normal and involved epidermal biopsies from psoriasis patients suggests that TGase K mRNA levels are increased in psoriatic lesions. By using quantitative laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and in situ hybridization, the increase of the TGase K mRNA was in the range of 3-7 times in the psoriatic epidermis and was significantly higher compared with normal skin and with paired adjacent skin. Quantitative LSCM provides a powerful and direct method for analysis of gene expression in skin.
Hypertension: KDIGO BP guidelines--more individualized, less prescriptive.

Guidelines are painted with broad strokes and cannot possibly cover complex situations that emerge in the care of people with chronic kidney disease and multiple illnesses. The authors of the recent KDIGO blood pressure guidelines should be congratulated on urging us to individualize therapy especially in situations where the evidence base is thin.
Hypermedia in the Plant Sciences: The Weed Key and Identification System/Videodisc.

THE WEED KEY AND IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM/VIDEODISC was created as a learning support tool for the study of 181 weed species found in the northeastern United States. This criteria-based search system enables the identification of plant species based on characteristics selected by the user. The weed database displays textual and graphic information as well as provides access to videodisc images from the Weed Key and Identification Videodisc. This set of HyperCard stacks and videodisc was developed through a Faculty Technology Initiative grant to Dr. Nathan Hartwig, professor of weed science, from CBEL—Teaching and Learning Technologies at the Pennsylvania State University.
Hidden Nature Physicalism

Hidden nature physicalists hold that an experiential quality and its hidden nature are the same property – even though they agree that our experiences are of experiential qualities but are not, in the same sense, experiences of their hidden natures. This paper argues that physicalists must be committed to ultimately giving accounts that involve no non-extensional relations, and that this commitment leads to an inability to explain how our experiences could be of experiential qualities, but not of their hidden natures.
Optional or Permanent: Clinical Factors that Optimize Inferior Vena Cava Filter Utilization

Abstract Purpose To test the hypothesis that patient parameters identifiable at the time of inferior vena cava (IVC) filter placement can be used to predict the need for a permanent versus optional filter. Materials and Methods A comprehensive institutional database of details and patient parameters for all optional IVC filters placed at a single institution between December 2008 and July 2011 was reviewed. IVC filters were categorized as removed if removal was attempted or as kept permanent if not. Patient parameters (age, sex, history of venous thromboembolism [VTE], presence of neurologic disease or malignancy, indication for filter placement) were compared between groups by multiple logistic regression analysis, and a prediction model based on these parameters was constructed. Results A total of 265 optional IVC filters were placed and analyzed; 167 were removed and 98 were kept permanent. In the multivariable model predicting filter disposition, significant factors associated with permanence were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.05), male sex (OR, 3.01; 95% CI, 1.64–5.54), underlying malignancy (OR, 3.27; 95% CI, 1.77–6.03), and an indication of anticoagulation failure (OR, 8.12; 95% CI, 1.83–36.0). Significant factors associated with removal were history of VTE (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21–0.74), prophylactic filter placement indication (OR, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.04–0.43), and high-risk VTE (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.94). The c-statistic for the prediction model based on these parameters was 0.80. Conclusions Patient parameters can be used to quantitatively predict an optional IVC filter being kept permanent. These findings can aid in optimization of prospective decision-making in IVC filter placement.
Desaturation of isomericcis 18∶1 acids

The desaturation of positionalcis 18∶1 isomers (Δ4 through Δ11) was studied, using essential fatty acid deficient rat liver microsomes. Thecis Δ4, Δ5, Δ6 and Δ7 isomers were not desaturated. Thecis Δ10 and Δ11 isomers were desaturated at a very low rate. The maximum desaturation was obtained for Δ8 and Δ9 isomers. Thecis Δ8 and Δ11 isomers were desaturated by Δ5 desaturase; thecis Δ9 isomer was desaturated by Δ6 desaturase; and thecis Δ10 isomer was desaturated to Δ7,10 and 5,10–18∶2 acids.
IRFPA technology utilizing HgCdTe/Si: successes, roadblocks, and material improvements

Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) is the material of choice for the majority of high performance infrared focal plane array (IRFPA) systems fielded in the Army with state-of-the-art HgCdTe growth using a bulk Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) substrate. However, as the push for larger array sizes continues, it has been recognized that an alternative substrate technology will be required for HgCdTe IRFPAs. A major effort has been placed in developing CdTe/Si as such a substrate. Although successful for short-wavelength (SWIR) and mid-wavelength (MWIR) focal plane arrays, current HgCdTe/Si material quality is insufficient for long-wavelength (LWIR) arrays due to the high density of dislocations present in the material. In this paper, we will discuss several processes being developed at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) to overcome this issue. Effort has been placed on both composite substrate development and improvement, and on HgCdTe/Si post-growth processes. Recently, we have demonstrated HgCdTe/Si material with dislocation density measuring 1 × 10 6 cm -2 . This is a five times reduction in the baseline material dislocation density currently used in the fabrication of devices.
THE NON‐CARDIAC DISTRIBUTION OF 99mTC‐METHOXY‐ISOBUTYL‐ISONITRILE (SESTAMIBI) IN NORMAL BEAGLES

Technetium-99m methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) is a radiophartnaceutical used for the evaluation of myocardial perfusion. Increased uptake of sestamibi has also been documented in tumors. The objective of this study was to document the extracardiac biodistribution of 99mTc sestamibi in the normal dog. Nine normal beagles were given 0.35 mCi/kg 99mTc sestamibi intravenously, and 60 second images were made of the entire body at 1 hour post injection. A defined distribution pattern was recognized, with good visualization of the heart, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, kidneys, urinary bladder, popliteal lymph nodes, parotid salivary glands and zygomatic salivary glands. Splenic uptake was not seen. Target to background ratios were calculated for all the regions listed, using background regions-of-interest with the smallest coefficient of variance for the denominator. The mean, range and standard deviation of these ratios are given.
Assumed policy similarity and voter preference.

The effects of attitude similarity on voters' preferences were examined. Using secondary analyses, the authors created measures of assumed similarity across 6 issues between voters and U.S. presidential candidates (in 1972). Greater similarity was associated with greater attraction (operationalized in terms of voters' presidential preferences). In 2 independent analyses, perceived similarity resulted in predictive accuracy of 84% to 88%. In a 3rd analysis, the predictive efficiency of each of 6 similarity measures was determined and used to develop a model that accurately predicted voters' actions in a hold-out sample. Findings demonstrate the importance of perceived attitude similarity in determining voter preferences and suggest the utility of earlier similarity-attraction research for the development of models of policy choice behavior.
The microwave spectrum of trans 1-nitropropene

Abstract Rotational transitions of 1-nitropropene arising from the ground vibrational state and from three excited states of the nitro torsional vibration have been assigned. The values of the rotational constants in MHz are: A 0 =10 650B 0 =2028.56C 0 1722.16A 1 10 615 B 1 =2028.47 C 1 =1725.11 A 2 10 570 B 2 2028.31 C 2 = 1727.32 A 3 = 10 512 B 3 2028.11 C 3 =1729.37The dipole moment components are μ a = 4.52 D, μ b = 0.42 D and μ total = 4.54 D. From the lack of observable internal rotation splittings the barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group is shown to be greater than 2250 cal/mole.
TIMP-2, a growth-stimulatory protein from SV40-transformed human fibroblasts

The mechanisms by which the early genes of simian virus 40 (SV40) transform human cells are unclear; however, this is clearly a multistep process involving a number of cellular and genetic changes. An early change following expression of the SV40 genes is growth under reduced serum conditions, which could be consistent with the production of autocrine/paracrine growth factors. HSF4-T12 is a human fibroblast cell line produced by transfection of primary cells with the genes for large T and small t antigens. A progressive stepwise transformation was observed with in vitro culture, eventually resulting in a tumorigenic cell line. Serum-free defined medium conditioned by HSF4-T12 was able to stimulate growth of normal human fibroblasts as determined by growth curve and [3H]-thymidine incorporation assays. Purification of this activity by heparin affinity chromatography and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resulted in a single band of approximately 21 kDa on a nonreducing, denaturing gel. A partial 14-amino acid sequence was found to share 100% homology with a region of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2). Western blot analysis with anti-TIMP-2 antiserum confirmed this identification, and addition of this same antiserum to HSF4-T12-conditioned medium resulted in inhibition of stimulatory activity.
Modeling friction effects on the ballistic impact behavior of a single-ply high-strength fabric

It has been shown through experiments that interfacial friction affects the energy absorption of fabrics subjected to ballistic impact. However, how the friction plays a role is not well understood. In this paper, a commercially available finite element analysis code, LS-DYNA, is used to model the ballistic impact of a square patch of single-ply plain-woven fabric. Three types of boundary conditions are applied on the fabric: four edges clamped, two edges clamped, and four edges free. The friction between yarns at their crossovers and the friction between projectile and fabric are taken into account. Effects of the friction during the phase prior to yarn failure are parametrically studied. Simulation results show that at a given time, the fabric with high friction absorbs more energy than the fabric with no friction. For the boundary condition with four edges free, friction contributes to increasing the fabric energy absorption mainly through the mechanism of frictional sliding dissipated energy. For the boundary conditions with two or four edges clamped, the energy dissipated through frictional sliding only accounts for a very small portion of the total absorbed energy; however, both the yarn strain energy and the yarn kinetic energy are increased when there is friction. Friction has an indirect effect on the fabric energy absorption by influencing the number of yarns that become involved. Simulation results also indicate that the boundary conditions significantly affect the fabric deformation, stress distribution, and time history of energy absorption.
Inhibition of bacterial cell wall mucopeptide synthesis: A new function of RNA bacteriophage Qβ

Abstract Studies of the morphology of Escherichia coli showed that these bacilli when infected with RNA phage Qβ in broth containing hypertonic sucrose and Mg2+ formed osmotically labile spherical cells or spheroplasts. Phage-induced spheroplasts readily released their burst of phage when diluted into ordinary culture broth without sucrose. Investigation of the mechanism of host cell lysis revealed that incorporation of [3H]diaminopimelic acid (DAP) into the mucopeptide layer of the cell wall was markedly inhibited starting at about the midpoint of the phage replication cycle. The major site of inhibition is the DAP-containing mucopeptide layer since the synthesis of the lipoprotein-lipopolysaccharide layer, making up the bulk of the cell wall of E. coli, was not affected. A model for Qβ-mediated cell lysis is discussed which is analogous to penicillin-induced cell rupture.
Downhole Periodic Seismic SOURCES

Downhole periodic seismic sources have been proposed as a means for studying fluid zones in hydrothermal/magma systems encountered in deep scientific holes drilled as part of the Continental Scientific Drilling Program. Scientific measurements in these holes will require the use of downhole, nondestructive, high resolution, seismic tools. Downhole periodic seismic sources tested in a shallow geothermal zone showed that a pneumatic oscillator could effectively generate downhole low-frequency (10–100 Hz) seismic waves and that these waves could effectively penetrate a highly fractured formation. An improved version of these downhole sources, capable of swept-frequency operation, is currently under development. This type of downhole seismic source has applications in crustal studies and in the evaluation of petroleum, groundwater and geothermal reservoirs.
Algebraic groups and small transcendence degree, II

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the algebraic independence of numbers associated with one-parameter subgroups of commutative algebraic groups. Sufficient conditions are given for certain fields to have transcendence degree at least two over the field of rational numbers. As an application one may deduce generalizations of several classical results concerning the algebraic independence of values of the ordinary exponential function or the Weierstrass elliptic function.
Thermodynamics of neptunium(V) complexes with phosphate at elevated temperatures

The complexation of Np(V) with phosphate at elevated temperatures was studied by a synergistic extraction method. A mixed buffer solution of TRIS and MES was used to maintain an appropriate pH value during the distribution experiments. The distribution ratio of Np(V) between the organic and aqueous phases was found to decrease as the concentrations of phosphate were increased. Stability constants of the 1:1 and 1:2 Np(V)-HPO4 2− complexes, dominant in the aqueous phase under the experimental conditions, were calculated from the effect of [HPO4 2−] on the distribution ratio. The thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy and entropy of complexation between Np(V) and HPO4 2− at 25 °C–55 °C were calculated by the temperature coefficient method.
Conjugation and cyclization—two strong driving forces leading to the formation of new chromophores

Novel chromophores formed in the solvent reactions of α-amino acids and small peptides were identified by crystal structure analysis and characterized by UV absorption. The formation of these chromophores in basic solutions was attributed to two strong driving forces—conjugation and cyclization. The discussion of possible reaction pathways could benefit the future design of α-amino acid-based chromophores.