cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Green or white? Morphology, ancient DNA, and the identification of archaeological North American Pacific Coast sturgeon

Abstract Sturgeon (Acipenser spp.) have long been an important resource for people living in several parts of the world, including the Northwest Coast of North America. Two sturgeon species occur on the Oregon Coast, white (A. transmontanus) and green (A. medirostris), but morphological similarities between the species have generally prevented osteological identification beyond genus. This lack of species identification hinders evaluation of potential changes in sturgeon range or distribution through time, human food preference or encounter rates, and possible size changes in archaeological sturgeon. We analyzed 1770 sturgeon remains from the Par-Tee site (35CLT20) on the northern Oregon Coast and performed ancient DNA species identification on 30 elements to test morphological distinguishability between species. Ancient DNA analysis indicated that both green and white sturgeon were harvested at the site, but identification to species based on morphology is problematic. Sturgeon were an important fish at several sites in the Northwest Coast and at Par-Tee were a component of a broad-based fishery focused on a range of large and small species. Our study emphasizes the importance of ancient DNA analysis of zooarchaeological assemblages to help address important questions about species composition and abundance.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Potential Precursor to Bouveret's Syndrome.

Bouveret's syndrome is a rare complication of cholelithiasis. It is characterized by a gallstone entering the intestine through a cholecystoenteric fistula, impacting the duodenum and causing gastric outlet obstruction. Rarely, it presents with hematemesis and melena. The diagnosis involves computed tomography (CT) and the treatment depends on the patient's stability, the location of the obstruction, stone size, and the fistula. Endoscopy or minimally invasive lithotripsy can be considered initially. If this fails, surgical intervention is recommended. We present a case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) preceding the development of Bouveret's syndrome.
Interaction of Soil Microbes with Organoclays and their Impact on the Immobilization of Hg under Aerobic Conditions

Immobilization of mercury (Hg) leaching from bank soils of East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) is considered part of remediation strategies to mitigate the amount of Hg entering the creek. Different approaches are currently being evaluated, such as utilizing engineered sorbents to immobilize Hg species in EFPC bank soils. However, the influence of environmental microbes on the immobilization of Hg by sorbents is unknown. Organocation-modified phyllosilicate clay minerals (organoclays) are widely used as sorbents for the immobilization of contaminants. This study evaluates the interactions of Serratia marcescens and Burkholderia thailandensis with the sorbent Organoclay PM-199 and their impact on the immobilization of Hg under aerobic conditions. We evaluated the competitive binding of Hg between sorbents and selected microorganisms in a series of pure culture studies using bacterial strains identified in EFPC bank soil samples. Our results suggest that Hg sorption by Organoclay PM-199 is not significantly impacted by common soil bacteria present in EFPC, specifically Serratia marcescens and Burkholderia thailandensis, which are known to form biofilms. These findings suggest that sorbent amendments are an effective strategy for the remediation of Hg contamination in natural ecosystems.
Republished: Isolated intraventricular hemorrhage secondary to dural arteriovenous fistula

Isolated intraventricular hemorrhage due to dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is extremely rare and has been reported only a few times in the literature. The pathophysiological cause of isolated intraventricular hemorrhage in these cases was hypothetically attributed to retrograde venous flow into subependymal vessels, although none of these cases demonstrated radiographic evidence of such reflux. We present the first case of a dAVF with radiographic evidence of severe cortical venous reflux into the subependymal venous network causing isolated intraventricular hemorrhage, thus lending proof for the underlying pathophysiology. Furthermore, ours is the first case of dAVF with isolated intraventricular hemorrhage that was successfully treated using multimodality transvenous and transarterial embolization techniques. In cases of high-grade dAVF, multimodality treatment may offer the greatest chance for success, and should be strongly considered for management.
A Formal Comparison of Ethical Systems: Feeling Guilty, Condemnation, Doubt

Recall that in the first ethical system, ‘ + ’ corresponds to conflict, and ‘.’ to union. In the second ethical system, the reverse holds: ‘ + ’ corresponds to union and ‘.’ corresponds to conflict.
Prediction of total subcutaneous abdominal, intraperitoneal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissue masses in men by a single axial magnetic resonance imaging slice.

To develop a simplified but accurate method for determining the masses of various abdominal adipose tissue compartments, we studied the predictive value of masses of intraperitoneal, retroperitoneal, and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue determined on single axial abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slices taken at various intervertebral levels from the 12th thoracic to 1st sacral vertebra (identified on a sagittal section) for the respective total masses of each compartment calculated from contiguous 10-mm thick MRI slices covering the entire abdomen in 49 men (26 without diabetes and 23 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). The MRI slice at the intervertebral level between the lumbar (L) 2 and 3 vertebrae showed the highest and most consistent predictive value for all three compartments (R 2 = 0.85 for all). Furthermore, compared with other intervertebral levels, the L2-L3 level had a higher amount of intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal adipose tissue mass. We conclude that determining the masses of various abdominal adipose tissue compartments at the L2-L3 intervertebral level by MRI is an acceptably reliable and accurate method for studying abdominal adiposity in men.
Selective incarceration of caesium ions by Venus flytrap action of a flexible framework sulfide

The selective capture of Cs(+) from solution is relevant to the remediation of nuclear waste and remains a significant challenge. Here we describe a new framework composed of [(CH₃)₂NH₂](+) and [Ga₂Sb₂S₇]²⁻ layers, which are perforated with holes. Shape selectivity couples with framework flexibility, allowing the compound to respond to the ion-exchange process. The size, shape and flexibility of the holes allow Cs(+) ions in an aqueous solution to selectively pass through and enter the material via an ion-exchange process. Following capture, the structure dynamically closes its holes in a manner reminiscent of a Venus flytrap, which prevents the Cs(+) ions from leaching out. This process has useful implications in the separation science of Cs as it relates to the clean-up of nuclear waste. The dynamic response we describe here provides important insights for designing new materials for the selective removal of difficult-to-capture ions.
Effect of hexachlorophene on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat

Abstract Hexachlorophene (HCP) at oral doses of 30–50 mg/kg causes significant increases in hexobarbital sleeping time in Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats, with the maximum effect occurring 6 hr after administration of the bisphenol. Liver microsomal 0-demethylase activity is simultaneously reduced in rats receiving HCP. Incubation of rat liver microsomes with concentrations of HCP as low as 0.38 nmole/mg of microsomal protein in vitro inhibits the O -demethylase, nitroreductase and phenol UDP-glucuronyl transferase systems and also causes a reduction in the apparent content of cytochromes P-450 and b 5 . The concentrations of HCP required to produce a 50 per cent inhibition or reduction in apparent cytochrome contents in vitro range between 4.7 and 98 nmoles HCP/mg of microsomal protein. Some evidence for a common inhibitory mechanism, perhaps involving interaction of HCP with the microsomal membrane, was obtained for the hepatic mixed function oxidase and cytochrome systems.
Integrated Aluminum Nitride Piezoelectric Microelectromechanical System for Radio Front Ends

This article summarizes the most recent technological developments in the realization of integrated aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric microelectromechanical system (MEMS) for radio frequency (rf) front ends to be employed in next generation wireless communication devices. The AlN-based resonator and switch technologies are presented, their principle of operation explained, and some key experimental achievements showing device operations between 20MHz and 10GHz are introduced. Fundamental material, device, and fabrication aspects that needed to be taken into account for the demonstration of the first integrated rf MEMS solution based on the combination of AlN MEMS resonators and switches are highlighted. Given the ability to operate over a broad range of frequencies on a single silicon chip, the AlN MEMS technology is extremely attractive for the demonstration of reconfigurable and multiband rf transceivers. Next generation rf architectures that take advantage of large scale integration of AlN MEMS reso...
Acoustic radiation force due to incident plane-progressive waves on coated cylindrical shells immersed in ideal compressible fluids

Abstract In this paper, a theoretical analysis is developed for the acoustic radiation force due to incident plane progressive waves on elastic cylindrical shells covered with a layer of viscoelastic and sound-absorbing material. Numerical calculations of the radiation force function Yp (which is the radiation force per unit energy density and unit cross-sectional surface) are performed in a wide range of frequencies with particular emphasis on the coating thickness and the content of the hollow space region of the shells. Various methods for damping resonance peaks, such as by changing the fluid that fills the interior hollow region of the shells or the coating thickness, can be carefully selected for various applications.
A Review of Optimal Input Methods: Fixed Field, Free Field, and the Edited Text

(1977). A Review of Optimal Input Methods: Fixed Field, Free Field, and the Edited Text. Historical Methods Newsletter: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 166-176.
Collisional orogene between north and south China and its eastern extension in the Korean Peninsula

Abstract The relative movement between the north China block (Sino-Korean craton) and the south China block (Yangtze-Cathaysian craton) had been right-lateral along a transform fault during the Late Paleozoic. Devonian deep-water deposits on oceanic crust existed only in the east Qinling and Tongbuo areas where subduction of ocean crust is evidenced by metamorphism, magmatism and deformation. Carboniferous and Permian clastics and minor carbonates of shallow marine and terrestrial facies were deposited in a series of narrow basins with general east-west trending, and were controlled by the transform fault. The biota of the basins were communicated with the contemporary sedimentary basins in south China, north China and west China. There has been no wide Mesozoic oceanic crust between the north and south China blocks. Tectonic framework of central China during the Late Paleozoic is quite similar to that of western North America during the Cenozoic. Amalgamation of Sino-Korean craton with Siberian craton at the end of Paleozoic changed the moving direction of the former to the southeast and contraction was prevailing between the already juxtaposed north and south China blocks and the intervening Dabie-Su-Lu microcontinent. The southeast corner of north China block was slipped into the concave of the microcontinent, and enabled the latter to be underthrusted to a depth of more than 80 km to form a ultra-high pressure metamorphic complex in Early and Middle Triassic time. Down-going oceanic crust is not a prerequisite of A-type subduction such as the case in Pamir. The Tan-Lu fault, primarily a hinge fault, took place at the climax of contraction between north and south China blocks in the Late Triassic. Differential uplifting and the consequent erosion of Dobie and Su-Lu terranes, which are constituted by piles of subhorizontal thrust sheets, led to an apparent left-lateral offset. Su-Lu was uplifted higher and unroofed deeper than Dabie. An ancient river system along the east-west trending suture had been drained off into Songpan-Ganzi ocean to the west. Collision of the Indian plate with the Eurasian plate shifted the relative movement between the north and south China blocks to the left-lateral and initiated the Fen-Wei graben since Paleogene. The Imjingang belt between North and South Korea connects to the suture zone in the Dabie-Su-Lu area. To the east, an active continental margin along the southern margin of the Hida belt of Japanese islands prevailed in the Late Paleozoic. The Ogcheon belt in South Korea is an Early Paleozoic rift zone which is the extension of the Huanan aulacogen in south China. The Gyeonggi and Ryeongnam massifs of South Korea recorrelated to Yangtze and Cathaysian massifs in the mainland of China.
Electrokinetic stacking injection of neutral analytes under continuous conductivity conditions.

In capillary electrokinetic chromatography, neutral analytes can be injected by electroosmotic flow directly from a sample matrix into a separation buffer containing an electrokinetic vector with an opposite mobility. Analytes are injected at the velocity of electroosmotic flow but are retained at the interface of the sample matrix co-ion and separation buffer micelle zones as analyte/micelle complexes. A simple electrokinetic chromatography system containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as the micellar agent with borate as the buffering electrolyte included in the separation buffer and in the sample matrix to provide continuous conductivity was investigated. Concentrations of the micelle, methanol, and borate in the separation buffer were explored to increase maximum injection length of neutral analytes. Reducing the analyte velocity in the separation buffer without substantially decreasing the velocity of the analyte during injection from the sample vial allowed greatly extended sample plug injection lengths. It is presently possible to inject sample solvent volumes equivalent to approximately 7 effective capillary lengths (180 cm) with a 50-microm-i.d. capillary (24.5 cm effective capillary length), total volume of sample injection approximately 3.5 microL Equations describing the injection process and maximum injection lengths for this mode of stacking in electrokinetic capillary chromatography are introduced. The result of this work leads to a postulated generalization of electrokinetic stacking injection maximums for electrophoretic processes, and the concept of orthogonal analyte stacking/injection systems is discussed.
Cryopreservation of antibody-coated human erythrocytes.

Standard techniques for the preservation of human erythrocytes in liquid nitrogen can be used to preserve red blood cells coated with anti-Rh0(D) and −K antibodies. Such cells are easily recovered and appear to retain their antibody coating throughout storage and processing.
Three-dimensional imaging of nucleolin trafficking in normal cells, transfectants, and heterokaryons

The study of intracellular trafficking using labeled molecules has been aided by the development of the cyanine fluorochromes, which are easily coupled, very soluble, resist photobleaching, and fluoresce at far-red wavelengths where background fluorescence is minimal. We have used Cy3-, Cy5-, and Cy5.5-labeled antibodies, antigen-binding fragments, and specifically binding single-stranded oligonucleotides to follow expression and trafficking of nucleolin, the most abundant protein of the nucleolus. Nucleolin shuttles between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm, and is also expressed on the cell surface, allowing us to test our techniques at all three cellular sites. Differentially cyanine-labeled non-specific antibodies were used to control for non-specific binding. Similarly, the differentially labeled non-binding strand of the cloned oligonucleotide served as a control. The multimode microscope allowed us to follow both rapid and slow redistributions of labeled ligands in the same study. We also performed 3-D reconstructions of nucleolin distribution in cells using rapid acquisition and deconvolution. Microinjection of labeled ligands was used to follow intracellular distribution, while incubation of whole cells with antibody and antigen-binding fragments was used to study uptake. To unambiguously define trafficking, and eliminate the possibility of interference by cross-reactive proteins, we transfected mouse renal cell carcinoma cells that express cell surface nucleolin with human nucleolin. We used microinjection and cell surface staining with Cy3- or Cy5- labeled monoclonal antibody D3 (specific for human nucleolin) to assess the cellular distribution of the human protein. Several clones expressed human nucleolin on their surfaces and showed high levels of transport of the human protein into the mouse nucleus and nucleolus. This distribution roughly parallels that of mouse nucleolin as determined by labeled polyclonal antibody. We have used these engineered transfectants to determine whether the cell surface-expressed xenogeneic nucleolin can serve as a target for antibodies in vivo.
Evidence for participation of rage (receptor for advanced glycation end products), soluble rage (sRAGE) and S100A12 proteins, in control of the inflammatory response of amniotic cavity during pregnancy

END PRODUCTS), SOLUBLE RAGE (SRAGE) AND S100A12 PROTEINS, IN CONTROL OF THE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF AMNIOTIC CAVITY DURING PREGNANCY IRINA A. BUHIMSCHI, GUOMAO ZHAO, CHRISTIAN PETTKER, MERT BAHTIYAR, LISSA MAGLOIRE, CATALIN S. BUHIMSCHI, Yale University, Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reprod. Sciences, New Haven, Connecticut OBJECTIVE: RAGE (NF-B activator) is a novel membrane cell-surface receptor with role in inflammation. S100A12 (proteomic biomarker of inflammation) is a ligand for RAGE. sRAGE competitively inhibits RAGE ligands. Studies were conducted to understand the relationships among RAGE, sRAGE and S100A12 in the amniotic fluid (AF) and fetal tissues of women with PTL in the presence or absence of intra-AF infection/inflammation (IAI/I). STUDY DESIGN: AF was retrieved by amniocentesis in 93 consecutive women stratified as follows: i) CAFC: positive AF culture, n=20, GA=27.1G0.7wks; ii) AFC: negative AF culture, n=30, GA=28.7G0.9 wks; iii) 2nd trim. control, n=15, GA=18.5G0.4wks; iv) 3rd trim. control, n=28, GA=36.7G0.4wks. sRAGE and IL-6 levels were measured by highly specific immunoassay. Each sample was subjected to mass spectrometry (SELDI) for detection of S100A12. Fetal membranes, cord and placenta were stained for RAGE and S100A12 protein. RESULTS: The S100A12 [10.4kDa] biomarker was present in 70%(14/20) of women withCAFC but only in 10%(3/30) of women with –AFC(p!0.001). Its presence correlated with AF levels of IL-6 (r=0.63, p!0.001) and AF WBC count (r=0.71, p!0.001). No control had the S100A12 SELDI biomarker peak. Levels of the inhibitor sRAGE were not influenced by presence or absence of IAI/I but increased directly with increasing GA (r=0.67, p!0.001) [Figure]. Staining for RAGE was present in all fetal membranes, and did not vary with IAI/I. Staining for S100A12 was selectively and markedly increased in the amnion and chorio-decidua of patients with IAI/I.
Penetration of the Optic Nerve by an Internal Carotid Artery-Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm: Case Report and Literature Review

Objective and importance Although it is well known that large or giant internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery aneurysms can cause visual deficits, penetration and schism of the optic nerve by an aneurysm are very rare. Clinical presentation A 48-year-old man presented with an acute onset of right visual deterioration after an episode of severe headache. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated penetration of the right optic nerve by an intracranial aneurysm. Cerebral angiography revealed an internal carotid artery-ophthalmic artery aneurysm of 12 x 7 mm. The aneurysm was directed superomedially and appeared to have a "waist" within the penetration. Intervention Intraoperatively, we observed that part of the aneurysm wall was visible through the optic nerve fibers at the junction with the optic chiasm. Conclusion Although there was no direct evidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage on imaging scans or with operative exploration, we think that the patient must have experienced sentinel hemorrhaging, leading to visual deterioration. We describe the case in detail and review the world literature.
Opportunities for research on numerical control machining

Numerical control (NC) machining could be reinvigorated by adapting robotic software technology. Regrettably, pressures are mounting in industry to constrain robots to NC standards, and the academic community views NC as an obsolete, solved problem, with little remaining scholarly challenge. Grossman examines the current status of APT, an NC language, and proposes the merging of APT with a modern robotics language.
Characterization and Treatment of Local Recurrence Following Breast Conservation for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Purpose The optimal treatment strategy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) continues to evolve and should consider the consequences of initial treatment on the likelihood, type, and treatment of recurrences.
Hyperspectral imaging of an inter-coastal waterway

This paper demonstrates the characterization of the water properties, bathymetry, and bottom type of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) on the eastern coast of Florida using hyperspectral imagery. Images of this region were collected from an aircraft in July 2004 using the Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS). PHILLS is a Visible Near InfraRed (VNIR) spectrometer that was operated at an altitude of 3000 m providing 4 m resolution with 128 bands from 400 to 1000 nm. The IRL is a well studied water body that receives fresh water drainage from the Florida Everglades and also tidal driven flushing of ocean water through several outlets in the barrier islands. Ground truth measurements of the bathymetry of IRL were acquired from recent sonar and LIDAR bathymetry maps as well as water quality studies concurrent to the hyperspectral data collections. From these measurements, bottom types are known to include sea grass, various algae, and a gray mud with water depths less than 6 m over most of the lagoon. Suspended sediments are significant (~35 mg/m 3 ) with chlorophyll levels less than 10 mg/m 3 while the absorption due to Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is less than 1 m -1 at 440 nm. Hyperspectral data were atmospherically corrected using an NRL software package called Tafkaa and then subjected to a Look-Up Table (LUT) approach which matches hyperspectral data to calculated spectra with known values for bathymetry, suspended sediments, chlorophyll, CDOM, and bottom type.
Technology mapping and packing for coarse-grained, anti-fuse based FPGAs

We present a new synthesis flow for anti-fuse based FPGAs with multiple-output logic cells. The flow consists of two steps: mapping and packing. The mapper finds mapping solutions using a dynamic programming-based approach that finds the best match at each node of the decomposed target circuit. After this mapping step is completed, the resulting netlist of cells in optimally packed into net list of logic cells by using a multi-dimensional coin change problem formulation which is again solved by a dynamic programming based approach. Experimental results for Quicklogic's pASIC3 logic family are provided to assess the effectiveness of the proposed mapping and packing techniques.
Thermal behavior during droplet-based deposition

When a cold metallic substrate is used, the temperature at the deposited material's surface is below the solidus temperature during the initial stages of deposition. In this case, a single droplet experiences a significant rapid quenching effect, and can attain a very high cooling rate. The temperature at the deposited material's surface constantly increases and exceeds the solidus temperature at a critical thickness. Then, the cooling rate of a droplet can be relatively large initially due to rapid quenching; however, it solidifies only partially during that time period which lasts until its temperature equals the temperature at the previously deposited material's surface. After reaching this thermal equilibrium, the droplet's cooling process is slow. When the temperature at the deposited material's surface is very close to the average initial temperature of incoming droplets, the rapid quenching effect decreases and even disappears. The cooling process of a droplet is primarily determined by heat dissipation of the local material surrounding it, and as a result, is very slow. Additionally, the deposited material can be divided into three regions with respect to its thickness; the thermal behavior of the deposited material is also related to its final thickness.
Educational status and savings performance in individual development accounts

Abstract This study examines the relationship between education and savings performance in Individual Development Accounts (IDAs), a matched savings program for the poor. Based on economic and institutional theories of savings, we further investigate whether the relationship between education and savings is mediated by income, intended uses of IDAs, or program factors. The data of this study are from the American Dream Demonstration (N = 2,150), the first national demonstration of IDAs. The results indicate that education was positively related to savings after controlling for program factors and other individual characteristics. Household income and two program factors, monthly savings target and financial education, partially mediated the relationship between education and savings outcomes. These results provide some support for both economic and institutional theories of savings among low-income people. The findings also may help design and implement more effective savings programs for the low-income p...
To Promote, Defend, and Redeem: The Catholic Literary Revival and the Cultural Transformation of American Catholicism, 1920-1960

Series Foreword by Henry W. Bowden Introduction Origins and Development, 1920-1935 The 1920s: A Time of Troubles Francis X. Talbot and the Catholic Literary "Emergence" A Revival Is Organized: Daniel A. Lord and the Sodality Literary Campaign The Revival as Reaction, I: Catholics against Modernity The Revival as Reaction, II: Newman, Chesterton, and Babbitt, Catholic Revivalists The Search for the Great American Catholic Novel, I: Catholic Fiction to 1935 Transformation, 1935-1955 The Transformation of the Catholic Literary Revival in the American Catholic College During the 1930s and 1940s Frank O'Malley: Thinker, Critic, Revivalist "Yes, We Have No Bernanos." The Search for the Great American Catholic Novel, II: Catholic Fiction During the Era of Transformation Dissolution, the 1950s and After "Ought There to Be a Catholic Criticism?" The 1950s and the End of the Revival Bibliography Index
Letter to the editor: mistaken inheritance

Dear Editor: We read with interest the recent letter to the editor written by Victoria Fretwell and Paul Rooney, regarding their 15year-old patient with reported biallelic mutations [1]. Unfortunately, there are significant errors in this report, and we are writing to highlight our findings and concerns. The authors describe a 15-year-old girl with rectal cancer who was found to have mutations in both the MLH1 and MSH6 genes. The authors incorrectly refer to this as Bbiallelic inheritance.^ Although unusual to have two mutations in two different mismatch repair genes, this is not consistent with the definition of biallelic inheritance. The definition of biallelic mutations is Bpathogenic sequence alterations, albeit not necessarily identical, present in both copies of the same gene^ [2]. The case described by Fretwell and Rooney instead has double heterozygous mutations. Biallelic mutations in mismatch repair genes results in constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome. CMMRD syndrome is characterized by features similar to neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), in addition to an increased risk for childhood onset hematologic malignancies, brain tumors, and Lynch syndrome cancers [3]. Individuals with double heterozygous mutations in mismatch repair genes are not expected to have features similar to those with CMMRD syndrome and likely have similar cancer risks as those with Lynch syndrome. A similar scenario is seen for double heterozygous mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, which have a similar phenotype to individuals with monoallelic BRCA1 or BRCA2mutations [4]. There is another case report of a woman with mutations in bothMLH1 andMSH6 who was diagnosed with endometrial cancer at the age of 41 years [5]. This is a typical age of diagnosis for a patient with a single MMR gene mutation. Additionally, despite the authors’ declaration, theirs is not the first case in the literature of an individual with both MLH1 and MSH6 mutations. We would also would like to highlight a few other concerns we have. One concern is that the variants found inMLH1 and MSH6were not included in this report. There is no way for the reader to determine if the MLH1 and MSH6 variants were indeed pathogenic. The authors also provide no information on whether the patient has signs of CMMRD syndrome or if microsatellite instability and/or mismatch repair immunohistochemistry tumor analyses were performed, all of which might provide insight into the etiology of this young girl’s rectal cancer. Another major disquiet is that the authors allude to making treatment decisions based on the biallelic inheritance and further allude to the girl’s imminent early death based on mistaken information. In summary, the basis of this report, biallelic inheritance, is factually incorrect. Given the erroneous and missing information presented, this case has little scientific merit as presented and leaves us with more questions and concerns, than answers.
How organizational buyers reduce risk

Abstract This study examined the role played by informal members of the buying center and the impact these informal members had on the type and level of risk perceived by the organizational buyer. The results indicated that informal influence has a significant effect on perceived risk experienced by the organizational buyer. Specific marketing management implications are discussed.
Hard random 3-SAT problems and the Davis-Putnam procedure

Abstract It is by now well known that randomly generated 3-SAT problems are very difficult to solve on the average when the ratio of clauses to variables is a constant which is approximately equal to 4.24. This difficulty appears to be algorithm-independent, but it is certainly a consequence of using the popular Davis-Putnam procedure in Loveland's form (DPL). The purpose of this paper is to try to provide an explanation of why these problems are hard for DPL by experimentally determining how their complexity decreases as the depth of their associated search trees increases. We use a highly optimized version of DPL to plot the average number of remaining variables versus search tree depth for several nontrivial sizes of critically constrained, underconstrained, and overconstrained problems. These plots have a distinct piecewise-linear shape, consisting of an initial, gradual descent from the original number of variables, and a second, steeper descent to substantially smaller subproblems. They help explain exactly why DPL performs poorly on the critically constrained problems, and why its performance is much better on under- and overconstrained problems. Also, we can use the key parameters of these plots, e.g., the depth at which rapid constraint propagation occurs, as another basis of comparison for implementations of DPL.
Design considerations for point-of-care clinical trials comparing methadone and buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence in pregnancy and for neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Abstract Rationale In recent years, the U.S. has experienced a significant increase in the prevalence of pregnant opioid-dependent women and of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), which is caused by withdrawal from in-utero drug exposure. While methadone-maintenance currently is the standard of care for opioid dependence during pregnancy, research suggests that buprenorphine-maintenance may be associated with shorter infant hospital lengths of stay (LOS) relative to methadone-maintenance. There is no “gold standard” treatment for NAS but there is evidence that buprenorphine, relative to morphine or methadone, treatment may reduce LOS and length of treatment. Design Point-of-care clinical trial (POCCT) designs, maximizing external validity while reducing cost and complexity associated with classic randomized clinical trials, were selected for two planned trials to compare methadone to buprenorphine treatment for opioid dependence during pregnancy and for NAS. This paper describes design considerations for the M edication-assisted treatment for O pioid-dependent expecting M others (MOMs; estimated N = 370) and I nvestigation of N arcotics for A meliorating N eonatal abstinence syndrome on T ime in hospital (INFANTs; estimated N = 284) POCCTs, both of which are randomized, intent-to-treat, two-group trials. Outcomes would be obtained from participants' electronic health record at three participating hospitals. Additionally, a subset of infants in the INFANTs POCCT would be from mothers in the MOMs POCCT and, thus, potential interaction between medication treatment of mother and infant could be evaluated. Conclusion This pair of planned POCCTs would evaluate the comparative effectiveness of treatments for opioid dependence during pregnancy and for NAS. The results could have a significant impact on practice.
The solid + vapor and liquid + vapor phase equilibrium properties of neon + krypton

Abstract A vapor-recirculation equilibrium cell was used to investigate the solid + vapor and liquid + vapor equilibria and the three-phase curve (equilibrium between solid, liquid, and vapor) for neon + krypton. Gas phase compositions were measured above solid krypton at 100.00, 110.00, and 115.00 K and at pressures to 95 atm (9.6 MPa). Both gas and liquid phase compositions were determined at 120.00, 130.00, 140.00, and 150.00 K at pressures to 106 atm (10.7 MPa). Comparison of cross second virial coefficients from the experimental gas phase results with values obtained from a corresponding states correlation indicate that a deviation parameter from the geometric mean mixing rule for energy parameters of approximately 0.23 is necessary to reconcile the experimental and predicted virial coefficients. Analysis of the Henry's law constants obtained from the liquid phase results indicates a deviation parameter of approximately 0.21.
An improved model of experimental gastroschisis in fetal rabbits.

Abstract Previous animal models of gastroschisis have been associated with high mortality and variable degrees of intestinal evisceration. Using current fetal surgical techniques, an improved model of gastroschisis in fetal rabbits was developed. Twenty-eight time-mated New Zealand white rabbits underwent hysterotomies and fetal exposure on gestational day 25 (33-day gestation). Control fetuses (C) underwent fetal manipulation only. Gastroschisis fetuses (GS) had creation of right midabdominal wall defects. Twenty-five of 28 does (89%), 9 of 13 C fetuses (69%), and 18 of 22 GS fetuses (82%) survived. At the time of cesarean delivery 5 days later, GS fetuses had significantly lower body weights, intestinal lengths, and mucosa/submucosa height ratios (a measure of bowel wall edema), and significantly greater intestinal densities when compared with C fetuses ( P t test). This study demonstrates that (1) gastroschisis abdominal wall defects can be created in fetal rabbits with high survival rates; (2) experimental gastroschisis is associated with a profound decrease in fetal weight; and (3) eviscerated intestine is heavier, shorter, and thickened compared with normal control intestine, mimicking the clinical situation.
Biological model of agoraphobia: a comment.

The biological model proposed by Klein was evaluated. It was argued that agoraphobia is not invariably preceded by panic attacks, and Klein's observations may have been restricted to severe cases. ...
DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE EFFICIENCIES FOR A MULTIDETECTOR SYSTEM

Abstract The greater accuracy of multidetector systems used in conjunction with magnetic spectrometers in high resolution electron scattering experiments has raised the problem of determining accurately the relative efficiencies of the individual detectors. A calibration technique utilizing an unknown spectrum of high energy scattered electrons is presented. Application to present equipment at Stanford University is discussed.
Allograft Compared with Autograft Infection Rates in Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background: Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament are the most common surgically treated knee ligament injury. There is no consensus regarding the optimal graft choice between allograft and autograft tissue. Postoperative septic arthritis is an uncommon complication after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to compare infection rates between procedures with use of allograft and autograft tissue in primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: A combined prospective and retrospective multicenter cohort study was performed over a three-year period. Graft selection was determined by the individual surgeon. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were equivalent for the two groups (allograft and autograft tissue). Data collected included demographic characteristics, clinical information, and graft details. Patients were followed for a minimum of 5.5 months postoperatively. Our primary outcome was intra-articular infection following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Results: Of the 1298 patients who had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction during the study period, 861 met the criteria for inclusion and formed the final study group. Two hundred and twenty-one patients (25.6%) received an autograft, and 640 (74.3%) received an allograft. There were no cases of septic arthritis in either group. The 95% confidence interval was 0% to 0.57% for the allograft group and 0% to 1.66% for the autograft group. The rate of superficial infections in the entire study group was 2.32%. We did not identify a significant difference in the rate of superficial infections between autograft and allograft reconstruction in our study group. Conclusions: While the theoretical risk of disease transmission inherent with allograft tissue cannot be eliminated, we found no increased clinical risk of infection with the use of allograft tissue compared with autologous tissue for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Cocaine Use and the Occurrence of Panic Attacks in the Community: A Case-Crossover Approach

The epidemiologic case-crossover method is a powerful tool for research on suspected hazards of illegal drug use, the advantage being a subject-as-own-control approach that constrains stable individual-level susceptibility traits. Here, we use the case-crossover method to estimate the magnitude of excess occurrence of panic attacks during months of cocaine use vs. months of no cocaine use, motivated by a prior estimate that cocaine users have three-fold excess risk of panic attack. The self-report data on cocaine and panic are from assessments of a nationally representative sample of 1071 recent panic cases age 18 years or older identified as part of the National Household Surveys on Drug Abuse conducted in the United States during 1994-1997. Based on case-crossover estimates, cocaine use is associated with a three- to- four-fold excess occurrence of panic attack (estimated relative risk (RR) = 3.3, p = 0.049; 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 13.7). Year-by-year, the RR estimates from four independent yearly replicates (1994-1997) are 5.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 3.0. While there are several important limitations, this study adds new evidence about a previously reported suspected causal association linking cocaine use to occurrence of panic attacks, and illustrates advantages of the epidemiologic case-crossover approach and new directions in research on hazards of illegal drug use.
Technology acquisition and utilization model (TAUM)

Abstract In an increasingly globalized and interlinked world economy, the difficulties of implementing effective technology acquisition and utilization programs are important forces driving economic growth. The lack of clear understanding of technological innovation calls for a model to provide a better understanding of technology acquisition and utilization process. Therefore, the goal of this study is to develop a “Technology Acquisition and Utilization Model (TAUM)” by conducting a survey instrument in manufacturing organizations in a developed country (U.S.) and a developing country (Turkey). Through the use of such a model, policy makers can develop more effective decisions regarding industrial competitiveness.
New diagnostic modalities in soft tissue sarcoma.

Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of soft tissue sarcoma has provided a vast amount of new genetic information over the past 10 years. Recent advances in genetic technology, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and positional cloning techniques have greatly increased the rate of new discoveries and soon may bring cytogenetic and molecular analysis to standard pathology laboratories. Karotypic analysis of soft tissue tumors have demonstrated specific cytogenetic aberrations which have proved to be extremely useful diagnostically and have solidified and improved soft tissue tumor classification systems. Objective and reproducible prognostication in soft tissue sarcoma remains problematic. Presently, the grade and size of the sarcoma are the most important factors used to estimate risk of relapse and overall survival. Assigning a pathologic grade to an individual sarcoma as a means of predicting clinical behavior is often difficult with a 40% discordance rate even between expert sarcoma pathologists. There is mounting evidence that the composition of membrane phospholipid in tumor tissue is an important indicator of a tumor's cellularity, proliferative capacity, and differentiation state. However, there is a lack of information on the biochemical determinants of sarcoma proliferation and differentiation. To address these problems, novel quantitative ex vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been applied to determine the biochemical changes in tissue lipid for soft tissue sarcoma. The biochemical changes in tissue lipid have been found to correlate with sarcoma cellularity, growth rate, and differentiation. Continued prospective NMR analysis of tissue lipid biochemistry in soft tissue tumors will permit the development of a clinically relevant biochemical system of prognostic determinants for soft tissue sarcoma in the future. Semin. Surg. Oncol. 17:11–22, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dacryocystitis in Rabbits

Dacryocystitis is inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct often accompanied by nasolacrimal duct obstruction. It is common in rabbits and is often a challenge to treat. This article discusses the anatomy and pathophysiology of the disease and suggests possible underlying disease factors. It also discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for rabbits affected by this condition.
Acquisition of the Novel Name–Nameless Category (N3C) Principle

Toddlers' acquisition of the Novel Name-Nameless Category (N3C) principle was examined to investigate the developmental lexical principles framework and the applicability of the specificity hypothesis to relations involving lexical principles. In Study 1, we assessed the ability of 32 children between the ages of 16 and 20 months to use the N3C principle (operationally defined as the ability to fast map). As predicted, only some of the children could fast map. This finding provided evidence for a crucial tenet of the developmental lexical principles framework: Some lexical principles are not available at the start of language acquisition. Children who had acquired the N3C principle also had significantly larger vocabularies and were significantly more likely to demonstrate 2-category exhaustive sorting abilities than children who had not acquired the principle. The 2 groups of children did not differ in either age or object permanence abilities. The 16 children who could not fast map were followed longitudinally until they attained a vocabulary spurt; at that time, their ability to fast map was retested (Study 2). Results provided a longitudinal replication of the findings of Study 1. Implications of these findings for both the developmental lexical principles framework and the specificity hypothesis are discussed.
Measurement platforms fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of crown ether functionalized gold nanoclusters

Mixed-ligand monolayer-protected gold nanoclusters (MPCs) with crown ether (CE) and carboxylate functionalities were synthesized and used as components of layer-by-layer (LBL) electrostatic assemblies on gold and indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The purpose of using MPCs was to provide a supramolecular anchor for a functionality, CEs, of interest to sensor and solid-phase extraction design; the carboxylate provided the charged sites needed for electrostatic assembly. With 15-crown-5 as the CE, the capture of 2.8×10-10 mol PbII cm-2 per monolayer of MPC was demonstrated by voltammetry and by electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements. The diffusion of ferrocene through these LBL assemblies was investigated. The presence of MPCs and/or generation-4 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers allowed facile transport of ferrocene to the underlying electrode, presumably because these supramolecular assemblies provided a quasi-porous structure.
Tumor bed effect in murine tumors: relationship to tumor take and tumor macrophage content.

This study investigated whether the clonogenic ability of tumor cells to establish subcutaneous tumors and the tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) content correlate with the development and extent of the tumor bed effect (TBE). Ten tumors, five sarcomas and five carcinomas, syngeneic to C3Hf/Kam mice were used. Tumors were grown subcutaneously in the right thighs of mice that had or had not been irradiated with 20 Gy of gamma rays 1 day before tumor cell transplantation. Of the 10 tumors, 7 exhibited a significant TBE. The severity of the TBE, which varied greatly among these tumors, was significantly positively correlated (correlation coefficient = 0.81) with TD50 values (i.e., the number of tumor cells needed to produce tumors in 50% of injected sites). In addition, a trend toward a negative correlation between degree of TBE and TAM content was apparent. The implication of these results is that tumors with high clonogenic ability (low TD50 values) and high macrophage content are less likely to demonstrate the TBE. The data suggest that tumor angiogenic potential, provided by both tumor cells and TAM, is an important parameter in the development of the TBE.