cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Redirecting Th1 and Th2 Responses in Autoimmune Disease

The immune system’s ability to distinguish between self and non-self relies on the intricate regulation of cellular responses to antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells. These responses include those of T helper cells, which can he divided into two populations, Th1 and Th2. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon (IFN)-γ induce Th I differentiation in vitro. Th1 cells secrete primarily IL-2, IFN-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and are involved in delayed type hypersensitivity, induction of the antibody isotype IgG2a, and defense against intracellular pathogens, such as viruses. IL-4 is the primary cytokine that induces differentiation of Th2 type responses. Th2 cells secrete primarily IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10, and are involved in allergic reactions, isotype switching to IgG1, IgG2b and IgE, and defense against extracellular pathogens, such as helminths. A number of autoimmune diseases, in which the immune system attacks self tissues causing damage and disease, are strongly associated with the presence of a particular MHC haplotype, such as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (Tisch and McDevitt 1996; Steinman 1996; Feldmann et al. 1996). IDDM, MS, and RA, which are mediated by T cells, are thought to occur as a result of highly skewed Th1 responses, whereas protection and recovery from these autoimmune diseases is thought to he a result of prevailing Th2 responses (Liblau et al. 1995). In contrast, systemic autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, and HIV infection are thought to he a result of pathogenic Th2 responses, although in diseases such as system lupus erythematosus and polyarteritis Th2 skewing has not been clearly demonstrated (Liblau et al. I995).
Histogenesis of Reed-Sternberg and dendritic interdigitating cells in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Immunohistochemical evidence for monocytoid precursors

Reed-Sternberg (R-S) and dendritic interdigitating (DI) cells share many features in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease (NSHD). Such features include commonalities of location (paracortex), histochemistry (paranuclear acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity), and immunohistochemical reactivity (positivity for Mr 70,000 antigen). Because of these similarities, it is hypothesized that there may be a common precursor for R-S and DI cells. To investigate this possibility, paraffin-embedded material from five (5) archival cases of NSHD were reacted in immunohistochemical procedures with antibodies to detect the following antigens: CD15, CD30, S-100 protein, CD68 and IL-9, respectively. Double immunostaining for lysozyme or CD45RB (leukocyte common antigen) or S-100 protein and one of the aforementioned was carried out on representative slides from selected cases. Both relatively large dendriform cells and a population of small mononuclear cells with monocytic karyomorphism showed immunoreactivity for S-100 protein. Similarly, IL-9 antigen which is characteristically found in R-S cells in NSHD was strongly expressed in a population of CD45RB- monocytoid cells. Coexpression of lysozyme antigen in some of the CD30 + R-S cells and Hodgkin's cells is also consistent with a monocytic/histiocytic lineage. Finally, CD30 antigen occasionally could be traced from monocytoid cells, where it was found in a pancytoplasmic distribution to histiocytic cells with a pancytoplasmic and sometimes also paranuclear (Golgi-zone) pattern of immunoreactivity, to R-S cells with paranuclear and plasmalemmal immunopositivity. In sum, the results of these studies support the contention that there are monocytoid precursors for R-S, Hodgkin's, and DI cells in NSHD and suggest a role for IL-9 in the development of R-S cells from tissue monocytes and monocytoid histiocytes.
L-Histidine Tetrafluoroborate: A New Solution-Grown Frequency Conversion Crystal for Parametric Processes from 300-1300 nm

L-histidine tetrafluoroborate (HFB) is a new nonlinear optical material, potentially useful for UV to near IR frequency conversion applications. HFB is an example of a semiorganic material, in which a highly nonlinear organic anion is incorporated into an inorganic salt matrix. HFB grows readily from solution, displays favorable mechanical characteristics for nonlinear optical applications, and has adequate birefringence to allow phase matched parametric processes over much of its transparency range (250 nm to 1300 nm). Its crystal structure, refractive indices, and phase matching conditions are reported. The phase matching locus and angular sensitivity for second harmonic generation of 1064 nm light in single crystals of HFB were measured. For 1.064 μm second harmonic generation, the effective non-linearity for HFB is comparable to that of beta barium borate (~ 2 pm/V), while its angular sensitivity [δ(Δk)/δθ] is somewhat smaller.
Free Volume as the Basis of Gas Solubility and Selectivity in Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

While molar volume-based models for gas solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed, free volume within the IL can be shown to be the underlying property driving gas solubility and selecitivity. Previously published observations as to the distinct differences in solubility trends for gases such as CH4 and N2 relative to CO2 in systematically varied ILs can be attributed to positive and negative effects arising from increasing free volume with increasing alkyl chain length. Through the use of COSMOtherm as a powerful and rapid tool to calculate free volumes in 165 existing and theoretical 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ([Cnmim][X]) ILs, a previously unreported, yet speculated, critical underlying relationship between gas solubility in ILs is herein described. These results build upon previous assertions that Regular Solution Theory is applicable to imidazolium-based ILs, which appeared to indicate that a global maximum had already been observed for CO2 solubility in imidazolium-based ILs. However, ...
Discussion some question on the clinical trial of drugs in the treatment of becterial vaginosis

Becterial vaginosis is different from other infection diseases, however, sponsors sometimes develop drugs unreasonably due to lack of concept of becterial vaginosis. Moreover, design of clinical trial is sometimes unreasonably. The aim of the paper is clarify the concept of becterial vaginosis to guidance sponsors avoid of developing drugs unreasonably. And discuss key issues in clinical trial refer to FDA guidance.
Analysis of Super Rice Breeding in Heilongjiang Province from Breeding of Longjing 21 Rice Variety

Super rice variety of Longjing 21 was bred by Jiamusi Rice Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences using means of Anther Culture.It had characteristics of maturity medium,fine quality,strong stalk lodging resistance and good comprehensive resistance.It was suitable for mechanized harvesting.Planting area expanded rapidly.The paper summarized and analyzed characteristics of super rice breeding in Heilongjiang province through breeding of Longjing 21.Super rice breeding in Heilongjiang province in the future should focus on early maturing rice which fitting for main cultivated area on the base of maintaining diversity,strengthening lodging and other disease resistance.We should pay attention to quality,especially for the increase of the milled rice rate.
Depression and hospital admission in older patients with head and neck cancer: analysis of a national healthcare database

Objectives The aim the study was to determine whether the presence of depression was associated with an increased likelihood of hospital admission among adult patients 50 years and over diagnosed with head and neck cancer (HNC) visiting emergency departments (EDs) in the United States. Background Head and neck cancer is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In patients with cancer, depression is predictive of increased mortality and the effect remains after adjusting for comorbidities. Patients with cancer who are depressed are less likely to participate in treatment decisions and to seek social support which can lead to worsening overall health outcomes among patients with HNC. Materials and methods We performed secondary analysis of data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) in the United States using multivariable Poisson regression to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included adults aged 50 years and older, diagnosed with HNC using International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision (ICD-9-CM) codes. We controlled for demographic, clinical and hospital characteristics in the multivariable models. Results In the final multivariable model for adults 50 years and over, male HNC patients with depression were 28% (CI = 21-36%) more likely to be admitted following an ED visit and female HNC patients with depression were 31% (CI = 20-42%) more likely to be admitted. In stratified analysis, the association was strongest for males with specific HNC of the oral cavity who were 56% (CI = 25-94%) more likely to be admitted. Conclusion Depression is associated with hospital admission among adults aged 50 and over with HNC.
Historicizing the Mind: Gadamer’s “Hermeneutic Experience” Compared to Davidson’s “Radical Interpretation”

Following some remarks of Jacques Taminiaux on Gadamer, I examine the permeating presence of history and alterity in interpretation by contrasting Gadamer’s views with Davidson’s notion of “radical interpretation.” I start by examining the debate they held with each other on several occasions. I then analyze Gadamer’s understanding of interpretation as a “hermeneutic experience” and Davidson’s method of “triangulation.” They both agree that interpretation should be free from the psychological turmoil of either divining an author’s intent or projecting the reader’s expectations. The fundamental difference is that, for Davidson, interpretation is an ahistorical process taking place in the synchrony of interpreter and observed subjects, whereas for Gadamer interpretation is a historical “event,” in which something “happens” and contributes to the making of history.
Functional Balance and Goal-Directed Eye-Hand Coordination After Exogenous or Endogenous Visual-Vestibular Perturbation: Current Findings and Recommendations for Portable or Ambulatory Applications

Orientation and balance can be disrupted by a sensory integration or sensorimotor challenge of exogenous origin, including rhythmic alterations in G-force and direction that occur during turbulent flight or travel by sea, as well as a visual-vestibular-somatosensory rearrangement caused by exposure to a moving vehicle simulator or virtual environments. Balance can also be disrupted by an endogenous challenge associated with an inner-ear disease or a head injury affecting peripheral or central balance systems. We sought to determine whether operationally relevant psychomotor performance (a dynamic simulated shooting task) was sensitive to a functional balance challenge caused by the aftereffect of unusual vestibular stimulation or blast/concussion. Seventy healthy subjects and 30 mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients were evaluated with a shooting simulator used for military training. They performed four new shooting tests designed to quantify marksmanship speed and accuracy during tasks similar to established clinical gait challenges. Our exploratory tasks were assessed for their sensitivity to a temporary exogenous challenge (the aftereffect of spinning healthy subjects in a rotating chair to simulate vestibular vertigo) and their sensitivity to imbalance associated with the lingering effect of mTBI. The task that was the most reliable and most sensitive to an exogenous balance challenge was kneeling while shooting at targets to the left and right of the frontal visual field. This test merits further development. We present recommendations for developing this test further and for making the large testing apparatus portable, robust, and capable of expanded quantification of shooting performance, rifle kinematics, and postural sway.
Characterization of atomic layer deposited low-k spacer for FDSOI high-k metal gate transistor

FDSOI is one of the alternative device architectures chosen to extend CMOS scaling for high-k metal gate. FDSOI is ideal for applications needing a balanced trade-off among power, performance and cost, such as the Internet of Things (IoTs). One of the challenges in FDSOI integration is to obtain a low gate to source drain capacitance (overlap capacitance or DC capacitance). To enable this, low k spacer material is needed. In this study we compared two ALD low-k spacer materials namely SiOCN and SiBCN against the conventional SiN spacer. Material characterization reveals SiOCN has lower etch rate than SiBCN. Both materials have good thermal stability. Transistors with SiOCN and SiBCN spacers were formed. Implementation of low-k spacer does not have significant impact on V T variability and oxygen ingress. Transistors with SiOCN and SiBCN spacer exhibited lower DC and AC capacitance without transistor resistance degradation.
The Use of an Onboard Diagnostic Device to Provide Feedback on Driving Behaviors Related to Fuel Economy

Despite the link between greenhouse gases and climate change, drivers in the United States continue to operate vehicles that consume more fuel per mile and emit higher levels of greenhouse gases than the vehicles driven in other developed nations. Intervention packages that include feedback and goal setting are common in behavior analytic research, specifically in the Organizational Behavior Management literature, but are also used to establish and maintain sustainable human behaviors such as recycling and energy reduction. The current study examined the effects of a treatment package utilizing feedback and goal setting to increase fuel economy in three participants who drove a minimum of 15 consecutive miles at least once per day. Feedback regarding average miles per gallon (MPG), moment-to-moment MPG, and MPG in relation to the participants’ goal were provided by the Scangauge-e TM , a small onboard diagnostic-2 device that connects to the vehicles’ electronic control unit and mounted within the car. Results indicated that treatment effects were noticeable in 2 of the 3 participants for increasing overall MPG.
Endovascular Aortoiliac Revascularization in a Patient with Spinal Cord Injury and Hip Contracture.

Treatment of chronic peripheral ischemic wounds in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) can be technically challenging, especially if they have significant hip contracture. This article describes the endovascular aortoiliac revascularization of a paraplegic patient with hip contracture and a hostile abdomen. It also reviews the particularity of the peripheral arterial system in SCI patients.
Problems and Issues Related to Teaching Japanese to Students with Disabilities: Lessons Learned

With increased advancement in assistive technologies, an increased number of students with disabilities are attending postsecondary institutions. This has resulted in more of these students taking foreign language courses either out of interest in the subject or in order to fulfill university or college requirements. While research has shown that some faculty members have received training in providing accommodations to these students, most feel inadequately equipped and unprepared to handle the teaching of such students. The present paper explores the problems and issues associated with teaching Japanese to college students at a large midwestern university with three different disabilities: PTSD, cerebral palsy, and complete visual impairment. The paper discusses problems facing each student as they learned Japanese, challenges for instructors, accommodations provided, and some solutions.
A sex-dependent change in behavioral temperature regulation in African house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus) challenged with different pathogens.

Abstract Behavioral fever in reptiles is often considered an adaptive response used to eliminate pathogens, yet empirical data showing the wide-spread use of this response is mixed. This behavioral change can be beneficial by enhancing the host’s immune response and increasing the animal’s chance of survival, but it can also be detrimental in terms of host energetic requirements and enzymatic performance. Thus, we examined whether captive-bred African house snakes (Lamprophis fuliginosus) employed behavioral fever in response to pathogen stimulus. Twenty-one African house snakes were injected separately with three different strains of ultraviolet (UV) light-killed bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica). We found an increased variance of hourly cloacal temperatures following exposure to pathogens in male but not female house snakes. We did not, however, find a significant febrile response to pathogen exposure as measured via mean cloacal temperature. This research adds critical information to the field of reptilian physiology as this field remains understudied. Reptilian immune function and its relationship with thermal biology is ever more pertinent as new challenges arise, such as novel pathogens and changing climate.
Safety and tolerability of the new antidepressants

The newer serotonergic antidepressants have become popular particularly because of improved tolerability and safety. The evidence supporting this belief is reviewed. The factors that contribute to the development of somatic symptoms are examined, including the depression itself and the drugs used for treatment. The rates for individual side effects with the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors, nefazodone, and venlafaxine are presented and compared with the adverse event experience for mirtazapine.
Design and Implementation of chopper-stabilized amplifiers

One observation from the two neural amplifiers described in the previous two chapters is the dominance of flicker noise. Most of the existing power-noise optimization techniques target thermal noise. However, flicker noise is a significant concern for EMG/EEG/ECoG applications, where the bandwidth of interest is much lower (<500Hz) than that of neural applications (∼10kHz). Therefore, we will devote this chapter to discussing techniques to combat flicker noise.
Shattering the Glass Ceiling in International Adjudication

This Article shows that women are found in dramatically low numbers on the benches of the majority of the world’s most important international courts, analyzes the causes of this phenomenon and proposes and evaluates solutions. It establishes that the number of women in the pool of potential judges does not appear to dictate how many women become international judges. It shows, too, that when selection procedures are closed and opaque, and there is no quota or aspirational target for a sex-balanced bench, women obtain international judgeships in disproportionately low numbers. On the other hand, when a quota or aspirational target exists, benches are more balanced. Finally, the Article suggests and evaluates concrete reforms to selection procedures on international courts to remedy this problem, including greater transparency and openness in selection procedures, aspirational targets for the participation of women on the bench and quotas. It is the first article to explore the relationship between selection procedures and sex representativeness outcomes on international courts.
Preparation and Characterization of P(MAA-g-EG) Nanospheres for Protein Delivery Applications

Novel complexation hydrogel nanospheres of poly(methacrylic acid-grafted-poly(ethylene glycol)) (P(MAA-g-EG)) were prepared by dispersion polymerization to be used for protein delivery applications. Polymerization was conducted in solvents such as deionized water, ethanol/water, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, and acetic acid solutions. When polymerizing in deionized water we produced nanospheres without agglomeration. Photon correlation spectroscopy studies revealed that the nanospheres possessed a narrow particle size distribution and the size was inversely proportional to the concentration of poly(ethylene glycol) incorporated in the monomer mixture. These nanospheres exhibited pH-sensitivity comparable to that encountered in hydrogel films with the same composition. The composition of the nanospheres was investigated by transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The comparison between hydrogel films and nanospheres with the same monomer composition revealed that nanospheres possessed similar spectral characteristics than hydrogel films prepared by the same techniques. These nanospheres could be used for calcitonin release under physiological conditions.
Exact Wilcoxon signed-rank and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney ranksum

We present new Stata commands for carrying out exact Wilcoxon one-sample and two-sample comparisons of the median. Nonparametric tests are often used in clinical trials, in which it is not uncommon to have small samples. In such situations, researchers are accustomed to making inferences by using exact statistics. The ranksum and signrank commands in Stata provide only asymptotic results, which assume normality. Because large-sample results are unacceptable in many clinical trials studies, these researchers must use other software packages. To address this, we have developed new commands for Stata that provide exact statistics in small samples. Additionally, when samples are large, we provide results based on the Student�s t distribution that outperform those based on the normal distribution
Who shall we follow in twitter for cyber vulnerability

Twitter has become a key social media for sharing information, not only for casual conversations but also for business and technologies. As the Twitter community continues to grow, an intriguing question is to determine how to obtain most valuable information the earliest by following fewest Tweeters or Tweets. This multi-criteria optimization problem exhibits similar features as in the information cascade problem for blogs. This work revises an information cascade outbreak detection algorithm to find critical Twitter accounts that disseminate the most cyber vulnerabilities the earliest. Three award functions are defined to evaluate every account's contribution per topic from three aspects: timeliness, originality and influence. Critical users are selected according to their total contribution on a specific security category. Experiments were conducted using Tweets containing CVE information over a five-week period, to compare the proposed algorithm with account selections based on the number of followers and based on the PageRank algorithm. The results show that with the same number of users and tweets, our algorithm outperforms in both information coverage and timeliness.
The Folly of Smart-Growth

Throughout the United States, city and state governments are turning to "smart-growth" urban planning strategies to slow suburban "sprawl." Spurred by concerns over traffic congestion, air pollution, and loss of green space, the plans are intended to improve urban livability. The strategies include purposeful efforts to increase population density, boost mass transit ridership, and decrease auto driving. In order to achieve those goals, "smart-growth" governments are implementing a degree of land-use regulation unprecedented in the United States prior to 1990. Unfortunately, as examples such as Portland, Ore., show, such regulation can produce a worse quality of life for residents. The policies' real effects appear to be increased traffic congestion, more air pollution, higher costs and taxes, and an overall increase in just about every other impediment to urban livability.
Surgical Management of Diastasis Recti: A Systematic Review of Insurance Coverage in the United States.

BackgroundAs elective surgery becomes more popular, the stringency of insurance coverage policies has increased exponentially. Many patients with diastasis recti (DR) are denied coverage of the corrective surgery that has been shown to improve function and quality of life in this patient population.
Policy over party: comparing the effects of candidate ideology and party on affective polarization

At least two theories have been offered that explain the rise of affective polarization. Some scholars, relying on social identity theory, argue that as the relevance of party identification increased, Americans became more likely to see their in-party in positive terms and the out-party in negative terms. Other scholars argue that affective polarization is a reaction to increasingly extreme political actors. This study seeks to arbitrate between these two theories of affective polarization through a survey experiment which asks respondents to rate candidates whose party (or lack thereof) and ideology (or lack thereof) is randomly assigned. In line with the policy-oriented view of affective polarization, respondents reacted far more strongly to ideology than party, especially if it was the ideology of the member of the out-party.
Form and content of attenuated psychotic symptoms in psychometrically assessed positive and negative schizotypy.

AIM Greater attention is being paid to early detection and identification of individuals who are at high risk of developing psychosis. One area of interest is the particular content types of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which can be thought of as attenuated, non-clinical positive symptoms (eg, feeling perplexed by reality). Previous research has examined content of PLEs in clinical high-risk samples. The current study aimed to build upon these findings by analysing content in a psychometrically determined high-risk sample. METHODS One hundred fifty-three undergraduates with scores greater than 1.96 SDs above the mean on a measure of schizotypy symptoms participated in a semi-structured interview for the assessment of prodromal syndromes. Each interview was transcribed verbatim and content of PLEs was rated according to the Content of Attenuated Positive Symptoms scale. RESULTS Frequencies of content items in the psychometric high-risk sample were similar to those found in a clinical high-risk sample. Multiple regression analyses revealed that certain content items were more predictive of decreased global functioning and increased positive symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS Content items that were associated with worse outcomes may be cause for greater concern if endorsed by individuals presenting for treatment. Future research should examine content of PLEs in a longitudinal design to determine whether particular items could predict subsequent conversion to a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder.
Noise exposures and perceptions of hearing conservation programs among wildland firefighters.

AbstractWildland firefighters are exposed to numerous noise sources that may be hazardous to their hearing. This study examined the noise exposure profiles for 264 wildland firefighters across 15 j...
Trends in utilization of sentinel node biopsy and adjuvant radiation in women ≥ 70.

Background and objectives Omission of routine axillary staging and adjuvant radiation (XRT) in women ≥ 70 years old with early stage, hormone receptor-positive, clinically node-negative breast cancer has been endorsed based on several landmark studies. We sought to determine how much omission of axillary staging/XRT has been adopted. Methods Using the National Cancer Data Base, we selected malignant breast cancer cases in women ≥ 70 with ER + tumors, ≤2 cm with clinically negative lymph nodes who underwent breast conservation and had known XRT status in 2005-2015. The use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) and XRT status was summarized by year to determine trends over time. Results In total, 57 230/69 982 patients underwent SNB. Of the 12 752 patients in whom SNB was omitted, 6296 were treated at comprehensive community cancer programs. Regarding XRT, 33 891/70 114 received adjuvant XRT. There were no significant trends with regards to patients receiving SNB or those receiving XRT. Conclusion Since 2005, there has been no change in SNB or XRT for early stage ER + breast tumors. However, there was a difference in omission of SNB based on facility type and setting. Future monitoring is needed to determine if these trends persist following the recently released Choosing Wisely® recommendations.
Mental illnesses among patients undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: Analysis from the National Readmissions Database.

Abstract Objective Patients with a comorbid mental illness have been observed to have worse outcomes following surgery. However, little is known about the effects of mental disorders on patient outcomes following spinal surgery. In the current study, we sought to investigate the characteristics of patients with mental illness, particularly anxiety, major depressive disorder, concurrent anxiety and schizophrenia, and the impact of these comorbid conditions on outcomes of patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using a national administrative database. Patients and methods The National Readmissions Database (NRD) was queried for patients undergoing an ACDF between 2012 and September 30th, 2015. The presence of anxiety, major depressive disorder, concurrent anxiety and schizophrenia were captured using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. Multivariable logistic regression was used to establish an association between a mental comorbidity and risk of 30- and 90- day readmission. Results A total of 139,877 patients undergoing elective ACDF between 2012–2015 were identified, of which 15,927 (11.39 %) had anxiety, 514 (0.38 %) had major depressive disorder, 248 (0.18 %) had concurrent anxiety and major depressive disorder, and 287 (0.21 %) had schizophrenia. Upon multivariable analysis of procedural related readmissions, adjusting for an array of patient and hospital related factors, patients with schizophrenia, compared to controls, had a significantly higher risk of 30-day readmission (OR 2.62, 95 %CI 1.42–4.84, p = 0.002); moreover, schizophrenia (OR = 1.92, 95 % CI 1.13–3.25, p = 0.016) anxiety (OR = 1.13, 95 %CI 1.02–1.26, p = 0.023) were also associated with significantly higher risk of 90-day readmission. Conclusion Our analysis indicates that mental illness comorbidities may be associated with increased rates of procedure related readmission and longer length of stay following elective ACDF.
Abutment screw torque changes with straight and angled screw-access channels.

Abstract Statement of problem Angle-correcting options allow the use of screw-retained implant prostheses in situations where an implant has been placed with a facial inclination. However, manufacturers have different recommended torque values, and it is unclear whether the performance of these designs is equivalent to that of the traditional screw-retained crowns (SRCs) when subjected to cyclic loading forces. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare torque differences between conventional straight-line screw access and angulated access SRCs before and after simulated functional loading. Material and methods Five groups consisting of 10 SRCs and implants were formed: Nobel Biocare zirconia crowns with 20-degree access channels (NB-20); Dynamic Abutment Solution zirconia crowns (DA-20) with 20-degree access channels; Core3dcentre angle correction zirconia crowns with 20-degree access channels (C3D-20); Nobel Biocare zirconia crowns with 0-degree access channels (NB-0); and gold alloy crowns cast to Nobel Biocare Gold-Adapt abutments (GA-0). Each specimen underwent thermocycling before cyclic loading. A preload torque based on the manufacturer’s recommendation was applied to each crown placed on an implant. Reverse torque measurements were obtained for each specimen before cyclic loading. Each implant-abutment assembly was then cyclic loaded at 0 to 100 N at 10 Hz for 1 million cycles. Reverse torque measurements were obtained after cyclic loading and the percentage difference calculated. Results No significant percentage torque loss differences were observed between the 0-degree and 20-degree SRCs after cyclic loading. No significant differences were seen among the angulated access channel crowns. DA-20 and C3D-20 specimens had significantly higher torque loss compared with the NB-0 group. The C3D-20 group reported the largest percentage torque loss (34.5%) among the angulated access screw channel groups. The GA-0 group reported the largest percentage torque loss of all the groups (35.9%). No crown mobility or other complications were observed in any of the groups after cyclic loading. Conclusions Angulated access channel crowns performed comparably with conventional straight-line screw access SRCs with regard to percentage torque values after cyclic loading. Angulated access channel crowns with lower manufacturer recommended torque values had higher percentage torque differences.
Exploration on a new routine for preparing rabies laboratory diagnostic monoclonal antibodies

Objective To explore the possibility of preparing rabies laboratory diagnostic monoclonal antibodies with synthetic peptides as immunogen.Methods A synthetic peptide located at residues 355 to 369 of rabies virus CVS-11 nucleoprotein was conjugated to the Keyhole Limpe hemocyanin (KLH) macromolecule and used to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare hybridoma cell lines by classical hybridoma technology.Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) were used to screen and identify the hybridoma cell lines.Results A positive hybridoma cell line named 2B1D11 was obtained after screening the anti-peptide antibodies in supernatants of hybridoma cell lines by indirect ELISA and IFA.Monoclonal antibody in ascites of BALB/c mice inoculated with 2B1D11 was purified and used successfully to detect the rabies virus in canine brain tissues and BHK-21 cells by IFA.Conclusion It is possible to prepare rabies laboratory diagnostic monoclonal antibodies with synthetic peptides as immunogen. Key words: Rabies virus; Nucleoproteins ; Peptides; Antibody/diagnosis
A stabilizer free weak Galerkin finite element method on polytopal mesh: Part II

A stabilizer free weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method on polytopal mesh has been introduced in Part I of this paper (J. Comput. Appl. Math, 371 (2020) 112699. arXiv:1906.06634.) Removing stabilizers from discontinuous finite element methods simplifies formulations and reduces programming complexity. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new WG method without stabilizers on polytopal mesh that has convergence rates one order higher than optimal convergence rates. This method is the first WG method that achieves superconvergence on polytopal mesh. Numerical examples in 2D and 3D are presented verifying the theorem.
The dark side of leadership: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of destructive leadership research

Abstract The destructive leadership literature has grown remarkably in recent years. Although the field has generated an impressive body of knowledge, we still have an incomplete understanding of destructive leadership. We conduct a systematic literature review of destructive leadership research so we can create a solid foundation for knowledge production and theory development within this literature. Further, we draw from 418 empirical samples of data (k = 418, N = 123,511) to conduct random-effects meta-analyses that estimate the magnitude and direction of relationships within destructive leadership’s nomological network. Ultimately, our study leverages and integrates the many insights from the destructive leadership literature to advance knowledge, facilitate nuanced theory development, generate useful directions for future research, and create evidence-based recommendations for policy and practice.
Kerf-less removal of Si, Ge and III-V layers by controlled spalling to enable low-cost PV technologies

Kerf-less removal of surface layers of photovoltaic materials including silicon, germanium, and III-Vs is demonstrated by controlled spalling technology. The method is extremely simple, versatile, and applicable to a wide range of substrates. Controlled spalling technology requires a stressor layer, such as Ni to be deposited on the surface of a brittle material and the controlled removal of a continuous surface layer could be performed at a predetermined depth by manipulating the thickness and stress of the Ni layer. Because the entire process is at room-temperature, this technique can be applied to kerf-free ingot dicing, removal of pre-formed p/n junctions or epitaxial layers, or even completed devices. We successfully demonstrate kerf-free ingot dicing, as well as the removal of III-V single junction epitaxial layers from a Ge substrate. Solar cells formed on the spalled and transferred single-junction layers showed similar characteristics to non-spalled (bulk) cells indicating that the quality of the epitaxial layers is not compromised as a result of spalling.
The role of overdose reversal training in knowing where to get naloxone: Implications for improving naloxone access among people who use drugs

Naloxone distribution and training programs have been implemented to combat the opioid overdose crisis. While many individuals are trained, ongoing naloxone access is not ensured by these programs....
Improved coarse-grained model for studying sequence dependent phase separation of disordered proteins

We present improvements to the hydropathy scale (HPS) coarse-grained (CG) model for simulating sequence-specific behavior of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), including their liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The previous model based on an atomistic hydropathy scale by Kapcha and Rossky (KR scale) is not able to capture some well-known LLPS trends such as reduced phase separation propensity upon mutations (R-to-K and Y-to-F). Here, we propose to use the Urry hydropathy scale instead, which was derived from the inverse temperature transitions in a model polypeptide with guest residues X. We introduce two free parameters to shift (Δ) and scale (µ) the overall interaction strengths for the new model (HPS-Urry) and use the experimental radius of gyration for a diverse group of IDPs to find their optimal values. Interestingly, many possible (Δ, µ) combinations can be used for typical IDPs, but the phase behavior of a low-complexity (LC) sequence FUS is only well described by one of these models, which highlights the need for a careful validation strategy based on multiple proteins. The CG HPS-Urry model should enable accurate simulations of protein LLPS and provide a microscopically detailed view of molecular interactions.
Photodynamic therapy utilizing 10% ALA nano-emulsion gel and red-light for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in-situ on the trunk and extremities: Pilot study and literature update.

Abstract Background Data evaluating the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with aminolevulinic acid (ALA) 10% nanoemulsion gel and red-light LED lamp for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCis) on the trunk and extremities is limited. Our study sought to investigate the safety and efficacy of utilizing ALA 10% gel with red-light lamp for the treatment of SCCis on the trunk and extremities. Methods A single center prospective study of 12 patients with biopsy proven SCCis underwent one or two cycles of red-light PDT with ALA 10 % gel and 3 hours incubation period. Each cycle consisted of two treatments approximately 10 days apart. All participants had a biopsy for histologic evaluation 4 weeks following the last treatment. Results All patients achieved clinical and histologic clearance following either one or two cycles at the 4-week post treatment follow up period. The majority of lesions were located on the extremities (n=10) with the remainder located on the trunk (n=2). The mean diameter of the lesions was 1.83 cm. Mild pain was noted in patients, with no interruption of treatment. Conclusions Our study indicates that ALA 10% gel with a red-light lamp is a safe and effective treatment option for SCCis on the trunk and extremities.
Social justice advocacy: the role of race and gender prejudice, injustice, and diversity experiences

Applying the Resource Model of Political Participation, this study extended the emerging research on trainees’ social justice advocacy (SJA) by examining race and gender variables among 281 counsel...
Law, Religion, and Reason in a Constitutional Democracy: Goodman v. Rawls

This article responds to Lenn Goodman’s book, Religious Pluralism and Values in the Public Sphere (2014). Part I evaluates Goodman’s argument that John Rawls excludes “comprehensive” religious and moral arguments from public discourse. Part II analyzes Professor Goodman’s prediction that it will be practically difficult to enforce Rawlsian standards of public reason, and then shows how this is the case in U.S. constitutional law wherein American courts have had difficulty applying “secular purpose” norms to contested legislation. Part III describes more recent trends in constitutional law that accommodate religious pluralism in laws and legislative processes. The authors argue that Goodman’s interpretation of Rawls should be tempered by fuller engagement with Rawls’s later writings, which were relatively open to the substantive roles of religion in public reason and public discourse. They further argue that recent trends in U.S. constitutional law may promote the types of pluralistic discourse that Goodman and the later Rawls advocate.
A Carleman-based numerical method for quasilinear elliptic equations with over-determined boundary data and applications

We propose a new iterative scheme to compute the numerical solution to an over-determined boundary value problem for a general quasilinear elliptic PDE. The main idea is to repeatedly solve its linearization by using the quasi-reversibility method with a suitable Carleman weight function. The presence of the Carleman weight function allows us to employ a Carleman estimate to prove the convergence of the sequence generated by the iterative scheme above to the desired solution. The convergence of the iteration is fast at an exponential rate without the need of an initial good guess. We apply this method to compute solutions to some general quasilinear elliptic equations and a large class of first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Numerical results are presented.
Abstract P140: Mutant Mice Carrying Global Loss Of Npr1 Exhibit Cardiac Fibrosis, Hypertrophy, And Congestive Heart Failure: Implication Of TGF-Beta/SMAD Signaling Pathway

The cardiac hormones, atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) bind to natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA), which synthesizes the second messenger cGMP. The objective of this study was...
Global health and global bioethics

Covid-19 is not merely a national or regional threat but a global one. It requires coordinated action of the global community. Such action, as argued in this paper, should primarily focus on the question how to prevent the next pandemic. Humankind has been warned multiple time for emerging diseases and the risks of pandemics, although no preparatory responses have been undertaken. Preventive interventions are possible since it is known how and where infectious diseases emerge. Such interventions proceed on the basis of shared vulnerability and responsibility for global health. The fact that they have been inadequate thus far, can be considered as a serious moral failure.
Age-Related Morbidity and Mortality with Cytoreductive Surgery.

Cytoreduction and intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) are increasingly considered in older patients. We sought to better characterize the influence of age on 30-day outcomes following this procedure. The ACS NSQIP database was queried for patients who underwent IPC and a concurrent intra-abdominal operation (2005–2012). Thirty-day death and serious morbidity (DSM) was the primary outcome. Trends in DSM by age were defined using Joinpoint regression. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with DSM. In 1085 patients, DSM increased at a significant rate after age 50 (0.6 %/year, p = 0.001). Patients ≥60 (n = 376) represented 35 % of the study population. Age ≥60 years was independently associated with DSM (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, p = 0.001). The older patient population (≥60 years) experienced 44 % morbidity and 3.2 % mortality. In these patients, preoperative weight loss, low preoperative albumin, splenectomy, intraoperative transfusion, contaminated or dirty wound classification, and prolonged operative time were all independently significantly associated with increased DSM. In the absence of these factors (n = 45), the DSM rate was 11 %. Rates of DSM increased to 33, 63, and 100 % in patients with 1 factor, 2–3 factors, and 4 or more factors (n = 14; p < 0.001), respectively. Venous thromboembolism, sepsis, postoperative bleeding, and respiratory complications were significantly more common among those aged 60 years and older (p < 0.05 each). The risk of DSM increases with age in patients undergoing cytoreduction and IPC. Risk can be stratified using a limited number of patient and operative characteristics.
GAME AND FISH Bill Fish and Tarpon: Change the Minimum Size Allowable for Possession of Tarpon; Prohibit the Taking of Atlantic Bill Fish Except for Catch and Release Programs

The Act repeals the framework for setting season, creel, and size ranges for sailfish, blue marlin, and white marlin. The Act increases the minimum size range for tarpon from 20-40 inches to 65-90 inches. Furthermore, the Act defines Atlantic billfish to track the definition used in federal regulations and prohibits the harvest or possession of Atlantic billfish in state waters, allowing only for catch and release.
Historians and Astronomers: Same Pursuits?

It is a truism that historians look to the past for justification of their existence, their raison d’etre, and the astronomers are on the cutting edge of that which is new and exciting. But the reality is that historians provide (admittedly very imprecise) forecasts of the future. Astronomers plan trajectories for rockets to Mars and beyond the solar system, preparing us for the eventual life in space, sometime in the future, but every time they look through their telescopes or read their computer printouts of cosmic and radio waves, they are looking deep into the past. The nearest star’s light took four years to arrive here; Deneb’s took 1,600 years; the nearest large galaxy is 2.2 million lightyears away; light from quasars take 15 billion years to arrive. Clearly astronomers are looking deeply into the past, asking, “how did it all begin” and like historians, they speculate, “how will it all end”. This and other relationships between astronomical scientists and humanistic historians are explored in this chapter.
Structure of the Yersinia type III secretory system chaperone SycE.

In the type III secretory system of bacterial pathogens, a large number of sequence-divergent but characteristically small (∼14–19 kDa), acidic (pl ∼4–5) chaperone proteins have been identified. We present the 1.74 A resolution crystal structure of the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis chaperone SycE, whose action in promoting translocation of YopE into host macrophages is essential to Yersinia pathogenesis. SycE, a compact, globular dimer with a novel fold, has two large hydrophobic surface patches that may form binding sites for YopE or other type III components. These patches are formed by structurally key residues that are conserved among many chaperones, suggesting shared structural and functional relationships. A negative electrostatic potential covers almost the entire surface of SycE and is likely conserved in character, but not in detail, among chaperones. The structure provides the first structural insights into possible modes of action of SycE and type III chaperones in general.