cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wilsonian effective field theory of two-dimensional Van Hove singularities

We study two-dimensional fermions with a short-range interaction in the presence of a Van Hove singularity. It is shown that this system can be consistently described by an effective field theory whose Fermi surface is subdivided into regions as defined by a factorization scale, and that the theory is renormalizable in the sense that all of the counterterms are well defined in the IR limit. The theory has the unusual feature that the renormalization-group equation for the coupling has an explicit dependence on the renormalization scale, much as in theories of Wilson lines. In contrast to the case of a round Fermi surface, there are multiple marginal interactions with nontrivial RG flow. The Cooper instability remains strongest in the BCS channel. We also show that the marginal Fermi-liquid scenario for the quasiparticle width is a robust consequence of the Van Hove singularity. Our results are universal in the sense that they do not depend on the detailed properties of the Fermi surface away from the singularity.
Comparative Efficacy of Commercial Fowl Cholera Bacterins and Autogenous Bacterin in White Leghorn Hens Artificially Infected with Pasteurella multocida

Abstract HARSCHFIELD (1965) summarized that numerous attempts to produce immunizing agents against fowl cholera have given contradictory results. Heddleston and Reisinger (1959) reported on the value of an emulsified bacterin in controlling fowl cholera in chickens and turkeys. Emulsified bacterins have since been produced commercially by a number of companies. Nelson (1955) reported that autogenous bacterins were of practically no value in preventing recurrence of fowl cholera in infected turkey flocks. Bierer et al. (1961) supplied some experimental data indicating that a simple phenolized autogenous broth bacterin was of some value against fowl cholera in turkeys. Boyer and Brown (1963) concluded that there was room for improvement in the efficacy of the commercial bivalent emulsified fowl cholera bacterins used in turkeys. Mora (1961) has reported on the use of a liquid rapid-acting fowl cholera bacterin in both infected and noninfected flocks. In this study, a broth autogenous bacterin at various dose . . .
Preliminary report on the behavior of certain local anesthetics

The fatal intravenous dose of each of the several substitutes for cocain varies enormously with differences in the rates of injection. Five or more times the fatal dose for sudden injection can be given in a period of one to two hours without causing death. The subcutaneous doses show even wider variations among the different drugs than the intravenous doses.All of the local anesthetics tested, including cocain, are mutually and quantitatively synergistic. They are all synergistic with epinephrin in its effect upon the blood pressure in a manner analogous to cocain.The systemic toxic actions of all of the members of the group are very closely alike and all cause death in cats by combined paralysis of the heart and respiratory center.Three of the members of the group-procain, stovain and apothesine-have been shown to be destroyed rapidly by the liver. All of the others are rapidly destroyed in the animal body, excepting cocain, and it seems probable that this destruction also takes place in the liver.Artif...
Sea Level Performance of a CF-700 Engine Core With Alternative Fuels

The use of alternative fuels has the potential to enhance energy independence and reduce environmental impact of air travel. It is important to characterize gas turbine operation using such fuels under controlled conditions before implementing them in flight. The performance of a CF-700 engine core was examined in a sea level test facility. The following fuels were tested and will be reported on:1. Jet A-1 – baseline fuel2. 100% unblended Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA)3. 100% unblended Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK)4. Blended 50% HEFA-SPK and 50% Jet A-1Fuel 2 above is an alternative fuel that can potentially be used without blending with conventional fuel. One purpose of the static engine testing was to determine if this fuel was suitable for use on subsequent test flights in a Dassault Falcon 20 aircraft. Engine performance testing was conducted at various power settings for each fuel. Relevant plots of performance are presented, compared and discussed. Transient tests were also performed including slams and chops. Observations of the effects of the different fuels on the engine fuel system are presented as some alternative fuels have the potential to cause seals to shrink and leaks to occur. The leaks observed are noted as are the steps taken to mitigate the problem.© 2015 ASME
Special Issue Part 1 Introduction: Multicultural Perspectives of Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma

ABSTRACTThere is a growing body of research addressing intergenerational transmission of trauma (ITT) from multicultural perspectives. This special issue is the first part of a 2-part series that systematically reviews and synthesizes the ITT literature. The 6 articles contained in this issue provide a description of ITT of historical trauma as well as ITT effects on family issues across diverse populations.
An Investigation on Knowledge,Attitude and Practice about Prevention and Control of Infections Diseases Among Healthcare Workers in Baoan District Shenzhen City

Objective:Study the awareness of knowledge attitude and practice of prevention and control for infectious diseases among health-care workers in Baoan District,to provide evidence for regulating infectious disease controlling. Methods:Stratified sampling method was used to choose 80schools and kindergartens.Questionnaire survey was conducted in the chosen schools and kindergartens.Results:The structure of gender,title,education,professional and other of health care workers were irrational,mainly in education,job title of a lower level;the average scores of knowledge answering paper was only 59.8;92percent of health care workers carried out health education about prevention and control for infectious diseases in nearly one year,70.7percent of health care workers can develop the case study of infectious diseases,only 25%percent of health care workers can collect throat swabs independent;they,in general,thought that prevention and control for infections diseases play an important role in maintaining a normal order for teaching work in the schools;more than 90percent of educational institutions carried out the work of infectious disease controlling,such as morning examination,surveillance of illness-induced absence.Conclusion:The knowledge and skills of health care workers can not meet the work requirements.Government departments should to increase the funding of basic health facilities,to optimize the health care team,to enhance training of staff skills,and effectively improve the income.
Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. V: Contributions to developing dosage regimens for antihypertensive drugs.

Pharmacokinetic methods that have been used to improve antihypertensive drug therapy, including antihypertensive dosage regimens, are reviewed. Pharmacokinetic variables have been determined that allow: (1) derivation of the loading dose necessary to achieve rapid control of blood pressure with propranolol hydrochloride, guanethidine, minoxidil and clonidine hydrochloride; (2) reduced frequency of dosing with methyldopa, hydralazine hydrochloride, prazosin hydrochloride, propranolol and clonidine; and (3) alteration of propranolol and hydralazine dosage based on physiologic factors (e.g., renal and hepatic impairment, binding to plasma proteins, altered enzyme activity). More rapid control of hypertension is possible, patient compliance is enhanced and drug toxicity is reduced by applying pharmacokinetic principles to develop individualized antihypertensive dosage regimens.
Pathological Basis for Deficient Excitatory Drive to Cortical Parvalbumin Interneurons in Schizophrenia

Objective:Deficient excitatory drive to parvalbumin-containing cortical interneurons is proposed as a key neural substrate for altered gamma oscillations and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. However, a pathological entity producing such a deficit has not been identified. The authors tested the hypothesis that cortical parvalbumin interneurons receive fewer excitatory synaptic inputs in individuals with schizophrenia.Method:Fluorescent immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and post-image processing techniques were used to quantify the number of putative excitatory synapses (i.e., the overlap of vesicular glutamate transporter 1-positive [VGlut1+] puncta and postsynaptic density protein 95-positive [PSD95+] puncta) per surface area of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) or calretinin-positive (CR+) neurons in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from schizophrenia subjects and matched unaffected comparison subjects.Results:Mean density of VGlut1+/PSD95+ puncta on PV+ neurons was 18% lower in schizophrenia,...
Behavioral Assessment in the African Green Monkey After MPTP Administration

This chapter describes the behavioral methods of our research program for assessing the effects of 1-methyl-4phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication in the African green monkey as well as various strategies for reversing those effects. MPTP intoxication has been extensively described as a model for Parkinson’s disease. I will describe how and why our particular methods were developed, how they are done, and what advantages and disadvantages that they have, with illustration using data collected from our program over a number of years. Analysis of these data replicated earlier findings as well as revealed new information about the effects of MPTP in primates. These data also show the validity, sensitivity, and utility of these methods.
There’s no shortcut: Building understanding from information in ultrarunning:

Now that information proliferates, information science should turn its attention towards higher order epistemic aims, such as understanding. Before systems to support the building of understanding ...
An Alternative View of the Graph-Induced Multilinear Maps.

In this paper, we view multilinear maps through the lens of “homomorphic obfuscation”. In specific, we show how to homomorphically obfuscate the kernel-test and affine subspace-test functionalities of high dimensional matrices. Namely, the evaluator is able to perform additions and multiplications over the obfuscated matrices, and test subspace memberships on the resulting code. The homomorphic operations are constrained by the prescribed data structure, e.g. a tree or a graph, where the matrices are stored. The security properties of all the constructions are based on the hardness of Learning with errors problem (LWE). The technical heart is to “control” the “chain reactions” over a sequence of LWE instances. Viewing the homomorphic obfuscation scheme from a different angle, it coincides with the graphinduced multilinear maps proposed by Gentry, Gorbunov and Halevi (GGH15). Our proof technique recognizes several “safe modes” of GGH15 that are not known before, including a simple special case: if the graph is acyclic and the matrices are sampled independently from binary or error distributions, then the encodings of the matrices are pseudorandom. ∗Boston University. chenyl@bu.edu. Supported by US NSF grants CNS-1012798, CNS-1012910 and AF-1218461. Part of the research conducted while visiting Tel Aviv University funded by the Check Point Institute for Information Security .
Recovery of Pulmonary Function after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Children is Associated with Improved Survival

Abstract Abnormal pulmonary function is prevalent in survivors of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Post-transplantation recovery of pulmonary function, and its effect on survival, in children are not known. This retrospective cohort study of 308 children followed for 10 years after HCT at a single institution included 2 groups of patients. Group 1 comprised 188 patients with 3 or more pulmonary function test (PFT) results, of which at least 1 was abnormal, and group 2 comprised 120 patients with 3 or more PFTs, all of which were normal. Pulmonary function normalized post-transplantation in 51 patients (27%) in group 1. Obstructive lung disease, restrictive lung disease, mixed lung disease, and normal pattern were seen in 43%, 25%, 5%, and 27% of patients, respectively, at a median of 5 years (range, 0.5 to 11.9 years) post-transplantation. Lung volumes recovered better than spirometric indices. Pulmonary complications were seen in 80 patients (43%) in group 1. Patients who recovered pulmonary function had better overall survival (P = .006), which did not differ significantly from that in patients in group 2 with normal lung function post-transplantation (P = .80). After adjusting for duration of follow-up, pulmonary complications (P = .01), and lower pretransplantation forced vital capacity z-scores (P = .01) were associated with poor recovery. T cell depletion (P
Neck diameter and inner curve seal zone predict endograft-related complications in highly angulated necks after endovascular aneurysm repair using the Aorfix endograft

Abstract Objective Many studies have found that preoperative aneurysm anatomy can determine the postoperative complication rates for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). With continual improvement in endograft technology, patients with challenging anatomy are increasingly able to undergo successful treatment with EVAR. This study aimed to quantify the influence of proximal neck anatomy on contemporary outcomes in a cohort of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients with highly angulated aneurysm necks. Methods The study included 205 patients originally enrolled in the Prospective Aneurysm Trial: High Angle Aorfix Bifurcated Stent Graft (PYTHAGORAS) trial, the largest study to date to enroll patients with aortic aneurysm neck angles >60 degrees. Anatomic parameters included measurements of the proximal aneurysm neck as well as seal zones modeled in preoperative computed tomography scans. Follow-up up to 5 years postoperatively was available, for which stent-related complications (defined as sac expansion, stent migration, and type Ia endoleak) were assessed. Predictive anatomic parameters were assessed by Cox regression models, and a final multivariate model was created to predict complications. The cohort was also stratified by neck diameter for further comparison of complication rates. Results Of 205 patients enrolled in the trial, 67 stent-related complications occurred in 36 patients (17.6%) at 5 years after EVAR. Median follow-up was 48 months. Demographic and medical comorbidities did not predict risk of complications, nor did proximal neck length or neck angle. Independent predictors of post-EVAR complications included increasing proximal neck diameter (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-1.27; P P P Conclusions Proximal aortic neck diameter and the seal zone inner curve length were found to be the best predictors of complications related to Aorfix (Lombard Medical, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom) in this population with highly angulated neck anatomy. Modeled seal zones are better able than traditional measurements to capture the limitations of a short, angled neck. These findings may inform preoperative risk stratification and planning in patients with hostile aortic neck anatomy undergoing EVAR.
A program in materials engineering

Majors in chemical, metallurgical, and materials engineering are offered by a unified department at the University of Michigan.
Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 Metabolic Screens Reveal Critical Redox Control Points Dependent on the KEAP1-NRF2 Regulatory Axis

The metabolic pathways fueling tumor growth have been well characterized, but the specific impact of transforming events on network topology and enzyme essentiality remains poorly understood. To this end, we performed combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 screens on a set of 51 carbohydrate metabolism genes that represent glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). This high-throughput methodology enabled systems-level interrogation of metabolic gene dispensability, interactions, and compensation across multiple cell types. The metabolic impact of specific combinatorial knockouts was validated using 13C and 2H isotope tracing, and these assays together revealed key nodes controlling redox homeostasis along the KEAP-NRF2 signaling axis. Specifically, targeting KEAP1 in combination with oxidative PPP genes mitigated the deleterious effects of these knockouts on growth rates. These results demonstrate how our integrated framework, combining genetic, transcriptomic, and flux measurements, can improve elucidation of metabolic network alterations and guide precision targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities based on tumor genetics.
Inter-connected power system frequency stability with wind penetration by using Fuzzy-GrHDP

Increased deployment of wind generation, with the characteristics of randomness and intermittent, has adverse effects on inter-connected power system frequency stability. By considering wind power deviation, this paper improves the area control error (ACE) model to address the frequency fluctuation caused by wind disturbances. Specifically, new control variables are introduced into the ACE model, therefore to provide much more informative inputs for the automatic generation control (AGC) system. Based on this ACE model, two intelligent control methods are proposed and compared. The first method is fuzzy logic based PI controller, in which the parameters are updated according to the range of frequency offset. The other method is fuzzy logic based goal representation heuristic dynamic programming (Fuzzy-GrHDP), in which adaptive supplementary control signals are generated in an online manner. Simulation study is carried out on a two-area benchmark system with wind power penetration. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods for frequency oscillation damping under different system operating conditions.
Perinatal mortality. The Chicago Lying-in Hospital, 1931-1966.

Abstract Perinatal mortality for 110,316 fetuses and infants weighing over 400 grams born at the Chicago Lying-in Hospital between May 31, 1931, and July 1, 1966, fell from 42 per 1,000 births in 1931–1941 to 29 per 1,000 births in 1961–1966. Mortality for live-born infants weighing over 1,000 grams decreased from 17.2 per 1,000 births to 8.6 per 1,000 births at the same time. The greatest reduction took place in the first half of this period with little change occurring since then. The decrease was due especially to a reduction in intracranial hemorrhage and intrauterine anoxia and its sequelae. In 1961–1966 the most common cause of perinatal mortality for fetuses and infants over 400 grams was intrauterine anoxia (6.1 per 1,000 births); for live-born infants over 2,500 grams the most common cause of death was malformations (1.0 per 1,000 births).
Remote access virtual private network architecture for high-speed wireless internet users: Research Articles

The new emerging broadband wireless network (BWN) technologies with high-speed wireless internet access promotes corporations to provide their roaming employees with high-speed wireless access to the computing resources on their corporate networks. Thus, a value added service to broadband wireless network is the remote access virtual private network (VPN), where the corporate legitimate users can connect to their offices wirelessly from different locations and get secure services as if they were connected to the corporate local area network (LAN). One of the most important challenges is to block out illegitimate user requests, which are wirelessly received, to protect corporate privacy. Registration (adding new users) and authentication (accepting current users) functions should be implemented with highly secured wireless connection. These functions are accomplished by encapsulating (i.e. tunneling) the user information in a secured form to the corporate authentication server through the internet traffic. The corporate authentication server then grants or denies the user access. In this paper, we propose a new operational design algorithm for remote access wireless VPN authentication and registration protocols that depends on modifying tunnel establishment as compared to existing dial-in VPN mechanisms. The modifications proposed in this paper are made to support successful deployment of the remote access VPN services over high-speed wireless network. The paper presents an overview of two tunneling approaches using Layer 3 and Layer 2 separately for implementing these functions. Then we propose how we establish the tunnel in both approaches, and compare it to similar operation steps previously reported for the dial-in VPN protocols. The proposed algorithms are distinguished from previously developed dial-in VPN protocols by using L2TP and IPSEC instead of mobile IP. It is also shown that the steps involved in the establishment of the tunnel are functionally different and more appropriate to our applications using communication environment of the BWN. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the added functions, and a comparison between L2TP-based and IPSec-based approaches are established. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human breast cancer cells activate procollagenase-1 and invade type I collagen: invasion is inhibited by all-trans retinoic acid.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. These processes require the dissolution of the basement membrane and invasion of the stromal matrix (ECM), and are mediated by MMPs. Consequently, MMP inhibitors may be attractive as new anticancer agents. To examine the potential contribution of collagenase-1 (MMP-1) in invasion of stromal matrix, we used the highly invasive and metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 as a model system. These cells express procollagenase-1 constitutively and this expression can be repressed by all-trans retinoic acid. Invasion of these cells into a collagen type I matrix was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and was quantitated with a computer program and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We found that MDA-MB-231 cells freely invaded the collagen type 1 matrix, suggesting that these cells possess a mechanism for activating the latent collagenase-1. In contrast, down-regulation of collagenase-1 expression by all-trans retinoic acid caused these cells to become less invasive. To confirm a role for collagenase-1 in mediating collagen type I invasion, assays were carried out in the presence of FN-439, an inhibitor of collagenase-1 enzyme activity. We found that in the presence of the proteinase inhibitor, invasion of type I collagen by MDA-MB-231 cells was also reduced. These results indicate that collagenase-1 produced by the breast tumor cells may enhance stromal matrix degradation by enabling the tumor cells to modulate their own invasive behavior, and suggest that decreasing collagenase-1 levels may be effective in breast cancer therapy.
Overview of Existing Techniques

In this chapter we review some of the existing noise analysis techniques for autonomous and nonautonomous circuits. We begin by describing a general framework of noise analysis of nonautonomous circuits. We review some of the existing noise analysis techniques based on this framework. We then review existing noise analysis techniques for oscillators. We conclude by briefly describing our approach and contrasting them against existing techniques.
Nursing Organizations’ Health Policy Content on Facebook and Twitter Preceding the 2016 United States Presidential Election

Aim The aim of this study was to describe and analyse Facebook and Twitter content associated with three United States national nursing organizations during the month preceding the 2016 United States presidential election. Background Social media is increasingly significant in political and civil society dialogue. Many professional nursing organizations have an explicit commitment to advancing health policy and have established a presence on social media platforms; yet, little is known about what policy topics professional nursing organizations choose to disseminate. Design Descriptive study of qualitative data from three national nursing organizations' social media posts 1 month prior to the 2016 United States presidential election. Methods Content analysis of social media content was guided by the Conceptual Module of Nursing and Health Policy and the Culture of Health Action Framework. Results A total of 2,137 social media units were collected. National Nurses United shared more policy-related content on Facebook and Twitter than the American Nurses Association and the American Academy of Nursing. Two policy issues relevant in the 2016 national election-expanded use and regulation of marijuana and containing the cost of prescription drugs-received considerable attention on the nursing organizations' social media feeds, while a substantial percentage of analysed content was not related to health policy. Conclusion Professional nursing organizations often represent the voice of nurses in policy discussions. Organization leaders and members should consider how social media content could enhance nurses' policy participation and advance dialogue about health and well-being in the context of high-stakes healthcare debates.
Evaluating the frequency of operational research conducted during the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic

Abstract Introduction The West Africa Ebola epidemic of 2014–2016 was the largest Ebola outbreak on record, and thousands of individuals were involved in the response, including local and national governments, as well as numerous philanthropic and other non-governmental organizations. A number of after-action reports and other reviews of the global response to the epidemic routinely pointed out key challenges, including gaps in operational research. Methods To determine the extent to which operational research studies were conducted during the 2014–2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic, a quantitative analysis of the literature published during and immediately after the epidemic was conducted. The goal was to identify the proportion of all Ebola-related publications released regarding the epidemic that addressed operational aspects of the response. It was also sought to describe, at a general level, the sorts of studies that were published during the epidemic, with the goal of increasing understanding of whether additional efforts are needed to encourage the conduct and dissemination of operational studies during future public health crises. Results Among the 3681 publications on Ebola published between the World Health Organization announcement of the Ebola outbreak in March 2014 and the end of 2017, 109 (3%) were determined to be operational research publications. Among these, 64 (58%) were published after the World Health Organization initially declared the outbreak over on January 14, 2016, reflecting the time delay of sharing operational lessons with the broader preparedness and response community. Discussion Improved sharing of firsthand, operational knowledge from practitioners who respond to outbreaks is critical for improving preparedness activities and informing the development of sound, effective policies that support ongoing and future preparedness efforts. Based on the results from this review, we propose several policy and programmatic innovations that could facilitate knowledge sharing during future outbreaks.
Content, structure, and dynamics of personal reputation: The role of trust and status potential within social networks:

In this paper we examined the content, structure, and dynamics of reputation, a person’s agreed-upon character that is constructed within social groups. In Study 1, we examined longitudinally the c...
The imperative of race for rhetorical studies: toward divesting from disciplinary and institutionalized whiteness

The whiteness of rhetorical studies is outrageous. Outrageous (c. 1300, “excessive, extravagant,” from Old French outrageus, outrajos; “immoderate; exceeding reason or decency; violent,” from Moder...
San Antonio refugees: Their demographics, healthcare profiles, and how to better serve them.

Objective The recent refugee crisis has resulted in the largest burden of displacement in history, with the US being the top resettlement country since 1975. Texas welcomed the second most US-bound refugees in 2016, with a large percentage arriving in San Antonio. Yet, the composition of the San Antonio refugees has not been described and their healthcare needs remain ill-defined. Through this study, we aim at elucidating their demographics and healthcare profiles, with the goal of devising recommendations to help guide refugee program development and guide other refugee resettlement programs. Methods Data from 731 charts belonging to 448 patients at the San Antonio Refugee Health Clinic (SARHC) were extracted and analyzed. Data included age, gender, country of origin, first language, interpretation need, health insurance status, medical history, vital signs, diagnoses, and prescribed medications. Results Women constituted the majority of patients (n = 267; 56.4%), and the median age of all patients was 39 (Q1:26, Q3:52). Nepali-speaking Bhutanese patients were the most represented group (n = 107, 43.1%), followed by Iraqi (n = 35, 14.1%), Burmese (n = 30, 12.1%), and Iranian (n = 19, 7.7%) refugees. Of those who responded, 200 (86.6%) did not have any form of health insurance. Additionally, 262 (50.9%) had a body-mass index (BMI) in the overweight or obese range. Further, 61.4% (n = 337) had blood pressures in the hypertensive range, while 9.3% (n = 51) had an elevated blood pressure. On average, each patient had 1.9 complaints, with abdominal pain, headaches, and cough being the predominant complaints. Allergic rhinitis, viral upper respiratory infections, and elevated blood pressure were the most common diagnoses. However, the list of common diagnoses differed per country of origin. Conclusion The SARHC demographics were different from those of other Texas refugees. The rate of the uninsured and the burden of non-communicable diseases were high. Furthermore, each refugee subgroup had a different set of common problems. These findings reveal important considerations for refugee healthcare providers and the unique approach that may be required for different communities.
Identification of putative amine biosynthetic enzymes in the nervous system of the crab, Cancer borealis

Amines function as neuromodulators throughout the animal kingdom. In decapod crustaceans, the amines serving neuromodulatory roles include dopamine, octopamine, serotonin and histamine. While much work has focused on examining the physiological effects of amines on decapod nervous systems, the identity of the native enzymes involved in their biosynthesis remains largely unknown. In an attempt to help fill this void, a transcriptome generated from multiple portions of the crab, Cancer borealis, nervous system, a species that has long served as a model species for investigating the neuromodulatory control of rhythmically active neural networks, was used to identify putative amine biosynthetic enzyme-encoding transcripts, and by proxy, proteins. Transcripts encoding full complements of the enzymes involved in the production of dopamine, octopamine, serotonin, and histamine were deduced from the C. borealis assembly, i.e., tryptophan-phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA decarboxylase, tyrosine decarboxylase, tyramine β-hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and histidine decarboxylase. All proteins deduced from the C. borealis transcripts appear to be full-length sequences, with reciprocal BLAST and structural domain analyses supporting the protein family annotations ascribed to them. These data provide the first descriptions of the native amine biosynthetic enzymes of C. borealis, and as such, serve as a resource for initiating gene-based studies of aminergic control of physiology and behavior at the level of biosynthesis in this important biomedical model.
Singular Expletive Use Accompanying Expressive Dysphasia in Acute Embolic Stroke (P06.075)

OBJECTIVE: To describe a unique manifestation of acute stroke where the repeated use of an emotionally charged expletive accompanied expressive dysphasia. BACKGROUND: Expressive dysphasia often results from a lesion to the left cerebral hemisphere, usually in the inferior frontal lobe or insula. Frequent expletive use may occur in peri-sylvian neurological conditions including frontotemporal dementia and left hemispheric stroke, but isolated exclusive use the “F word” expletive has not been well described as an acute stroke phenomenon. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report from a tertiary medical center. RESULTS: A 39-year-old woman with a history of hypertension underwent ascending aortic aneurysm and aortic valve repair, and on the third post-operative day she was noted to have marked expressive dysphasia. On the following day she improved, able to follow lateralized and crossed requests, but had mild anomia and dysfluency. She remarkably included the “F word” in nearly every sentence, including its use in all grammatical modalities (verb, adjective, noun), and superfluous addition of the “F word” to the repetition task. She used no other expletives and did not exhibit inappropriate behavior. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed scattered areas of punctate supra- and infratentorial diffusion-weighted hyperintensities, most notably in the left peri-sylvian region. Her dysphasia and expletive use resolved over the next day. CONCLUSIONS: More so than other expletives, the “F word” may have strong limbic connections correlating to the emotional attributes of language. These are more right hemisphere mediated, suggesting preferential retrieval of this expletive as a compensatory mechanism for an acute left peri-sylvian lesion affecting language output. This phenomenon may be observed in the recovery phase from ischemic stroke featuring dysphasia. Disclosure: Dr. Hainline has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lahiri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Robbins has nothing to disclose.
Race and Rationality: A Theoretical Examination of Differential Travel Patterns to Acquire Drugs

Although scholarship challenges the idea that individuals are completely rational, rationality remains a driving explanation of offender decision-making. For example, the journey to crime literatur...
Adaptive robotic rehabilitation using muscle fatigue as a trigger

Fatigue is a pervasive symptom following brain injury or disease. It has been known to impact recovery and hence is an important factor in rehabilitation. Robotic rehabilitation may be one way to reduce fatigue because of the robot's capability to adapt to user's performance. This paper explores an adaptive rehabilitation system to provide personalized upper limb rehabilitation. The system collects EMG data from the major muscles responsible for movement and adapts the forces used for rehabilitation (assistive and resistive) in real time based on muscle fatigue. Experimental results and the user survey outcomes show that the system was able to detect the onset of fatigue within ± 10 seconds error margin. Overall, it was found that the subjects experienced lower fatigue and had a higher probability of compliance and engagement with the proposed robotic rehabilitation system.
High-risk cytogenetics in multiple myeloma: Further scrutiny of deletions within the IGH gene region enhances risk stratification

Multiple myeloma is a clonal malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Risk stratification is partly based on cytogenetic findings that include abnormalities of the IGH locus as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), such as rearrangements that result in either standard-risk or high-risk gene fusions. IGH deletions have been evaluated as a group in multiple myeloma patients with respect to cumulative outcomes but have provided limited guidance. Whether these deletions have the potential to result in gene fusions and thus further stratify patients is unknown. We identified 229 IGH deletions in patients referred for plasma cell dyscrasia genetic testing over 5.5 years. Follow-up was conducted on 208 of the deletions with dual fusion FISH probes for standard-risk (IGH-CCND1) and high-risk IGH gene fusions (IGH-FGFR3, IGH-MAF, IGH-MAFB). Of all deletions identified with follow-up, 44 (21%) resulted in a gene fusion as detected by FISH, 15 (7%) of which were fusion partners associated with high-risk multiple myeloma. All fusion-positive 3'-IGH deletions (6 fusions) resulted in high-risk IGH-FGFR3 fusions. Of the 15 high-risk fusion-positive cases, eight were without other high-risk cytogenetic findings. This study is the first to evaluate the presence of IGH gene fusions upon identification of IGH deletions and to characterize the deletion locus. Importantly, these findings indicate that follow-up FISH studies with dual fusion probes should be standard of care when IGH deletions are identified in multiple myeloma.
Three-dimensional structures and symmetry breaking in viscoelastic cross-channel flow

Using holographic particle tracking, we report the three-dimensional flow structure organizing the viscoelastic instability in cross-channel flow. Beyond a critical Wi, the advective core flow undergoes an out-of-plane instability marked by the emergence of tertiary flow, resembling that of the toroidal vortices in Taylor-Couette geometry. The out-of-plane flow component distorts the separatrix between the impinging inflow streams, triggering symmetry breaking normal to the extension plane. As extensional rate increases, progressively higher order modes of the separatrix are observed, akin to Euler buckling of a rigid column. The disturbances propagate upstream via stress fluctuations despite viscous dissipation. These complex flow structures may be generic to elastic turbulence in mixed flows.
Walls and Strategic Innovation in Violent Conflict

Governments build walls to curtail a range of illicit activities like immigration, crime, and terrorism. We argue that while physical barriers effectively prevent specific unwanted behavior, they i...
Machine Learning-Assisted UAV Operations with UTM: Requirements, Challenges, and Solutions

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are emerging in commercial spaces and will support many applications and services, such as smart agriculture, dynamic network deployment, and network coverage extension, surveillance and security. The unmanned aircraft system (UAS) traffic management (UTM) provides a framework for safe UAV operation integrating UAV controllers and central data bases via a communications network. This paper discusses the challenges and opportunities for machine learning (ML) for effectively providing critical UTM services. We introduce the four pillars of UTM---operation planning, situational awareness, status and advisors and security---and discuss the main services, specific opportunities for ML and the ongoing research. We conclude that the multi-faceted operating environment and operational parameters will benefit from collected data and data-driven algorithms, as well as online learning to face new UAV operation situations.
Learning Assessment vs Program Evaluation.

We appreciated Janke and colleagues’ review of high- and low-impact programmatic evaluation activities.[1][1] This review seemed very helpful except for the authors’ broad and problematic use of the term assessment . Early in their article they gave a well-meaning definition of assessment
Barriers to an effective post-recovery process: A comparative analysis of the Public's and experts' perspectives

Abstract The general public and experts in post-disaster recovery see the barriers to effective and timely post-recovery processes from different viewpoints, and it is important to understand the differences in their observations and in the ways that they prioritize the barriers. The aim of this study was to (1) determine the experts' and public's perspectives or barriers to timely post-recovery, (2) prioritize the identified barriers, and (3) perform a comparative analysis of them. The authors identified 62 barriers to timely post-recovery and distributed a survey to experts and the public to determine their assessments of the importance of the barriers. The research team used a Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis to prioritize the barriers and found that the experts consider “undefined roles and responsibilities in the process of recovery” as the highest weighted barrier, while the public ranks “insufficient built infrastructures” as the top barrier. In the comparative analysis of the perspectives, the barrier that was perceived the most differently was “damage to major transportation systems.” The results of this study will help educate researchers about the different views that the experts and the public have of post-recovery barriers.
Capitalizing on the strengths of farmer organizations as potential change agents in Haiti

Abstract Development agencies face challenges in fostering agricultural development in an increasingly globalized food and agricultural economy. Farmer organizations have assumed new roles in many regions in response to the growth of global food supply chains that offer new opportunities to farmers, but also affect local and national food security and constrain farmers' choices in production decisions. This research explored the structure and composition of farmer organizations that meet Haitian government requirements for designation as non-profit organizations, which provides access to donor resources. The objective was to develop a typology of non-profit farmer organizations participating in the USAID-funded Appui a la Recherche et au Developpement Agricole (AREA) Project in Haiti in order to enhance their capacity to meet the needs of Haitian farmers. We identified 64 farmer associations that were functioning as nonprofit organizations in the Haiti West region and could be contacted by telephone. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with leaders of 24 of these associations and used a multi-step coding process to identify critical distinguishing traits of five types of organizations identified. Current organizational capacity varies and needs of their members vary among the types. Members of the Connected and Umbrella types have more access to resources than the resource-poor Advocating for Women and Quasi-Functional types. The Working Women and Advocating for Women types have a high percentage of women members, but the Working Women type's members are businesswomen and have distinct needs from the members of Advocating for Women, who have greater needs for resources to support their roles in family and community. We conclude that these organizations do have potential as change agents but need support to foster organizational development to reach their full potential. Our findings coupled with the evidence in the literature of the capacity of farmer associations to play important roles in agricultural modernization and marketing suggest that a more articulated approach to assistance through and for farmer associations could generate powerful change over time. The value of the typology lies in its capacity to help donors distinguish among the needs and potential contributions of each type of association.
Hydrologic Setting Dictates the Sensitivity of Ecosystem Metabolism to Climate Variability in Lakes

Global change is influencing production and respiration in ecosystems across the globe. Lakes in particular are changing in response to climatic variability and cultural eutrophication, resulting in changes in ecosystem metabolism. Although the primary drivers of production and respiration such as the availability of nutrients, light, and carbon are well known, heterogeneity in hydrologic setting (for example, hydrological connectivity, morphometry, and residence) across and within regions may lead to highly variable responses to the same drivers of change, complicating our efforts to predict these responses. We explored how differences in hydrologic setting among lakes influenced spatial and inter annual variability in ecosystem metabolism, using high-frequency oxygen sensor data from 11 lakes over 8 years. Trends in mean metabolic rates of lakes generally followed gradients of nutrient and carbon concentrations, which were lowest in seepage lakes, followed by drainage lakes, and higher in bog lakes. We found that while ecosystem respiration (ER) was consistently higher in wet years in all hydrologic settings, gross primary production (GPP) only increased in tandem in drainage lakes. However, interannual rates of ER and GPP were relatively stable in drainage lakes, in contrast to seepage and bog lakes which had coefficients of variation in metabolism between 22–32%. We explored how the geospatial context of lakes, including hydrologic residence time, watershed area to lake area, and landscape position influenced the sensitivity of individual lake responses to climatic variation. We propose a conceptual framework to help steer future investigations of how hydrologic setting mediates the response of metabolism to climatic variability.
Valuing Tuition Waivers for Tax Purposes

Some tuition waivers provided by universities to employees or family members of employees are taxable benefits; that is often the case for waivers in graduate and professional programs. This article argues that the method used by many universities to value the benefit for tax purposes—treating the tuition sticker price as if it measured value—is an incorrect reading of tax law. Because sticker price generally exceeds fair market value, the result is more taxable income to employees who “benefit” from waivers than should be the case—to the obvious detriment of the employees but also to the detriment of the universities, which may lose good students and employees to other institutions.
Three Generations of Mormon Legal History: A Historiographic Introduction

This is an essay on the past practice and future possibilities of Mormon legal history. For most legal scholars, the fact that there even is such a thing as "Mormon legal history" comes as a surprise, and the idea that it "should be proved . . . to be worthy of the interest of an intelligent man" may sound dubious at best. In part, such a reaction stems from the marginal status of Mormons. At a broader level, however, the invisibility of Mormon legal history is simply part of the broader problem of the discussion of religion within the legal academy. The thesis of this essay, however, is that the relative invisibility of Mormon legal history lies mainly in the idiosyncratic intellectual development of Mormon legal historiography itself. By explaining that development and introducing the work that has already been done on Mormon legal history, I hope to assist future scholars to better integrate Mormon legal experience into the mainstream discussions of the legal academy.
A Candidate Legume Pollinator, Osmia Sanrafaelae Parker (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

SummaryA population (50 males, 50 females) of the megachilid bee, Osmia sanrafaelae, increased its population 11-fold in a cage (6 m x 6 m x 2 m) in which the only source of forage was alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Nests were built in laminated pine blocks with 9-mm holes containing drinking straws. Mean numbers of pods/stem and seeds/pod, and mean seed weights for M. sativa plants growing in the cage were similar to those for plants growing outside the cage in a crop pollinated by Megachile rotundata. Data on numbers of nests and cells produced per female and mortality factors are presented, and attributes of O. sanrafaelae that may make it manageable are discussed.