cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY I N ALKALI TUNGSTEN BRONZES

The anomalous behavior of the superconducting transition temperature in certain alkali tungsten bronzes is shown to be consistent with electron pairing induced by exchange of acoustic plasmons. The superconducting properties of certain alkali tungsten bronzes exhibit some highly unusual features which appear to violate the predictions of the BCS theory. These nonstoichiometric compounds are of the form M W03, where M represents an Alkali atom such as Na, Kb, and hydrogen. As x increases, these compounds become metallic, and the electronic density of states is believed to increase monotonically with the alkali content as indicated by magnetic susceptibility measurements l\f. On the basis of the BCS theory 111 the superconducting transition temperature T should become higher with increasing electronic density of states at the Fermi energy N(0) according to the relation Tc =O.70DexP [-^Jgj-j (1) Where the Debye temperature is roughly 0 400 K in these materials and g is a matrix element of the electron-phonon coupling. For a free electron model /3 N(0) a x , and the predicted T increases with x as shown in Figure 1. If the electron density of states increases faster (say N(0) «x as in Reference /l/),then the transition temperature of course should rise more sharply as a function of alkali content. In sharp contrast to these expectations, the experimental data show an enhancement of T with decreasing x for Rb W03 /3,4/ and Na W03/5/as w x seen in Figure 1. The low values of the electronic specific heat and magnetic susceptibility in these materials /!/ would seem to rule out spin fluctuation effects, and the extrapolated density of t Supported in part by the National Science Foundation Grant No DMR 77-13167 electron states is quite small, resembling the values of Na, Cu, and other non-superconducting metals. The purpose of the present work is to correlate the anomalous T -dependence in these materials with an electron pairing mechanism achieved by virtual exchange of acoustic plasmons.
Outcomes and APACHE II predictions for critically ill patients with acute renal failure requiring dialysis.

Background:Despite the widespread availability of dialytic and intensive care unit technology, the probability of early mortality in critically ill patients with acute renal failure (ARF) is still high, and the evaluation of the patients' prognosis has been difficult. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score is a reliable indicator of severity of illness and likelihood of survival in critically ill patients with ARF. We have attempted to determine whether the APACHE II scoring system can be used to predict prognosis. Methods: A retrospective cohort study evaluated the medical records of 100 consecutive patients in intensive care units with acute renal failure who required dialysis from January 1997 through December 1998. Results: Of the 100 patients studied, 65 were men and 35 were women. The mean age of survivors and nonsurvivors was 59.4 ± 20.3 years and 58.3 ± 20.0 years. The overall mortality rate was 71%. There were no significant differences between survivors and nonsu...
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia; a cause of cardiac arrest.

Abstract Glossopharyngeal tic douloureux or neuralgia is a comparatively rare but well-recognized syndrome. In respect to the stabbing paroxysmal nature of the pain and its relation to specific trigger zones, it is exactly comparable to the commoner trigeminal tic douloureux. In neurosurgical clinics the two types of neuralgia occur in a ratio of about one to forty. The significance of cardiac arrest and syncope associated with glossopharyngeal neuralgia was first emphasized by Riley and associates, 1 in a brief report of two cases in 1942. This report called attention to the afferent pathway of the carotid sinus reflex through the glossopharyngeal nerve and suggested the correlation of the simultaneous neuralgia and excessive stimuli to the sinus reflex. Neither of the two cases was reported to have been subjected to operation. Since then, no other reports of similar cases have come to light in medical literature. However, one of us (Ray) had the opportunity of examining such a case with Dr. Jefferson Browder in 1943 and this patient was relieved of all symptoms by intracranial section of the glossopharyngeal nerve. Because of the importance of further establishing the authenticity of the syndrome and calling wider attention to the importance of its recognition, there is justification for reporting another comparable case.
FINAL HEIGHT AND LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF 108 ADULT PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

Worldwide, many patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) have already reached adulthood, but reports on the long-term outcome are still sparse. In our clinic population of grown-up CAH patients over 16 years of age, 108 subjects could be evaluated (68 females, 40 males). Simple virilizing CAH (SV-CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) was present in 56 patients (38 females, 18 males), due to 11-hydroxylase deficiency in 3 patients (1 female, 2 males). Salt-losing 21-OHD (SL-CAH) occurred in 44 patients (24 females, 20 males), late-onset 21-OHD in 5 females. Final height in females was 156.6±5.9 (SD) cm (range:143.0-169.0 cm; n=68). in males 166.9±7.0 cm (range:150.9-181.1 cm; n=40). There was no significant difference between females and males in final height, expressed as standard deviation score (SDS). However, final height in both, females and males, was markedly lower than target height (p<0.0001). For each gender, measured final height did not differ between patients with SL-CAH and those with SV-CAH. Furthermore, younger grown-up CAH patients were not taller than older patients. On average, timing of pubertal development was normal, although menstrual irregularities and decreased testicular volumes were common. We conclude that despite adequate treatment CAH patients do not reach their full height potential.
Dynamics in hospital recovery of psychotics.

Some dynamisms that appear to be part of the effecting agency of individual psychotherapy are presented; these can be noted in the varied techniques of psychotherapy; they appear to be subject to validation by an acceptable scientific methodology.
Rickettsial Diseases of the Far East: New Perspectives

The rickettsial disease of man found only in Asia is mite-borne (scrub) typhus, caused by Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Unique to southern Japan is a little-known human mononucleosis-like disease caused by Rickettsia sennetsu. In 1981 and 1982, there was a remarkable resurgence in the number of reported cases of mite-borne typhus in Japan after some years of virtual absence. Recent studies of R sennetsu have resulted in its reclassification to the genus Ehrlichia, members of which until now have been exclusively pathogens of animals. The historical background of ecologic investigations, in Malaysia and elsewhere, of these two developments suggest directions for future research.
The protein-tyrosine kinase Syk interacts with TRAF-interacting protein TRIP in breast epithelial cells

The nonreceptor, protein-tyrosine kinase Syk is a suppressor of breast cancer progression whose expression is inversely correlated with the invasive behavior of cancer cells. In contrast, Syk has a positive function in murine mammary tumor virus-mediated tumorigenesis. A yeast two-hybrid screen using a library from human mammary gland identified tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor-interacting protein (TRIP) as an Syk-binding partner. This interaction is mediated by the C-terminal region of TRIP and is enhanced by the treatment of cells with TNF and the tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk. Syk and TRIP have opposing functions in TNF-signaling pathways. Syk enhances the activation of nuclear factor-κB by TNF and this is antagonized by TRIP. The overexpression of TRIP sensitizes cells to TNF-induced apoptosis, an effect that can be reversed by the coexpression of Syk.
The Ethics of Teaching Ethics in Professional Communication: The Case of Engineering Publicity at MIT in the 1920s

The teaching of ethics in professional communication courses for non-English majors is problematic because teachers of those courses are usually trained in literary studies, a profession that has t...
Field Necropsy Techniques and Proper Specimen Submission for Investigation of Emerging Infectious Diseases of Food Animals

This article briefly reviews criteria for selecting animals for necropsy and outlines necropsy procedure and samples to collect when investigating new or emerging diseases of food animals. It gives recommendations on how to collect samples for submission to a diagnostic laboratory and how to package and ship the samples so that they comply with federal regulations concerning shipment of diagnostic samples that might contain infectious substances.
Algebraic geometric codes on anticanonical surfaces

Algebraic geometric codes (or AG codes) provide a way to correct errors that occur during the transmission of digital information. AG codes on curves have been studied extensively, but much less work has been done for AG codes on higher dimensional varieties. In particular, we seek good bounds for the minimum distance. We study AG codes on anticanonical surfaces coming from blow-ups of P2 at points on a line and points on the union of two lines. We can compute the dimension of such codes exactly due to known results. For certain families of these codes, we prove an exact result on the minimum distance. For other families, we obtain lower bounds on the minimum distance.
Interannual Variability of Indian Ocean Heat Transport

Abstract The work in this paper builds upon the relatively well-studied seasonal cycle of the Indian Ocean heat transport by investigating its interannual variability over a 41-yr period (1958–98). An intermediate, two-and-a-half-layer thermodynamically active ocean model with mixed layer physics is used in the investigation. The results of the study reveal that the Indian Ocean heat transport possesses strong variability at all time scales from intraseasonal (10–90 days) to interannual (more than one year). The seasonal cycle dominates the variability at all latitudes, the amplitude of the intraseasonal variability is similar to the seasonal cycle, and the amplitude of the interannual variability is about one-tenth of the seasonal cycle. Spectral analysis shows that a significant broadband biennial component in the interannual variability exists with considerable coherence in sign across the equator. While the mean annual heat transport shows a strong maximum between 10° and 20°S, interannual variability...
Diversification Strategy and R&D Intensity in Multiproduct Firms

This study provides empirical evidence that choice of diversification strategy systematically affects R&D intensity in large multiproduct firms. Research and development intensity in dominant-busin...
Oxidation of ascorbic acid as an indicator of photooxidative stress in the eye.

When whole retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells isolated from bovine eyes are incubated with 14C-labeled ascorbic acid and exposed to a visible laser, the ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (DHA). The amount of ascorbic acid which is oxidized is proportional to the radiant exposure of the sample (i.e. the total amount of radiation per unit area delivered over the exposure time). Blue light is more effective than red light in driving the reaction. The amount of label appearing in the DHA fraction is increased if unlabeled DHA is present in the reaction mixture, indicating that some redox cycling of ascorbate is occurring in the RPE cells. The ascorbic acid oxidizing activity does not depend on intact cells, is not inactivated by heating the cells to 80 degrees C, and appears to reside mainly in the subcellular fraction which contains melanin pigment granules. The ascorbic acid oxidation may be caused by free radicals formed when melanin is illuminated with light. This reaction appears to be a useful method for quantifying the production of free radicals during photooxidative stress.
Cosmogenic 36Cl ages of Quaternary basalt flows in the Mojave Desert, California, USA

Abstract Basalt flows provide excellent opportunities for calibration and intercomparison of Quaternary dating methods, remote sensing methods, and rates of geomorphic processes. The immediate motivation for this study was to provide chronology for a blind test of the utility of rock varnish microstratigraphy as an indicator of the age of flow emplacement. Five basaltic eruptive centers in the Mojave Desert of California were sampled for cosmogenic 36Cl analysis. Multiple samples were taken from most centers and, with one exception, produced good agreement. Assuming a surficial erosion rate of 1 mm/kyr−1, the flows yielded the following ages: Amboy Crater, 79±5 ka; Pisgah Crater, 22.5±1.3 ka; Cima field, I-Cone, 27±1.3 ka; Cima field, A-Cone, 21±1.6 ka and 11.5±1.5 ka; Cima field, flow of unidentified origin, 46±2 ka. The ages from the Cima I and A cones are in good agreement with previous cosmogenic 3He dating. Ages from the three previously undated flows are significantly older than previous estimates based on flow appearance. Tanzhou Liu performed varnish microstratigraphic analysis on samples collected from the same sites. His results were submitted for publication without knowledge of the 36Cl ages. His age estimates agree well with the 36Cl ages for the three previously undated flows, strongly supporting the validity of varnish microstratigraphy as a chronological correlation tool.
Prenatal sex hormones and human aggression: A review, and new data on progestogen effects.

We review data on aggression from psychological studies of offspring from two categories of abnormal prenatal sex hormone conditions: 1) endocrine disorders, and 2) hormone treatment during pregnancy. Both sources yield trends and some significant findings that are in line with the animal research based expectations of a positive androgen effect on the development of aggressive behavior. However, the available studies have many methodological weaknesses, and the results are not strong and open to interpretations by factors other than prenatal hormones. Potential modes of prenatal sex hormone effects are also discussed. In the second part, we present data on 13 boys and 15 girls who had been exposed to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in utero and on 28 closely pair-matched controls. The double-blind follow-up examination at age 9 to 14 years included questionnaires, half-structured interviews with mother and child separately, and a battery of psychological tests. Interviews were tape-recorded and rated by two independent raters. The results show weak but consistent differences, with the MPA-exposed subjects being lower in self- or mother-reported aggression than the controls. The results cannot be accounted for by differences in aggression-related rearing styles. However, the influence of pregnancy pathology cannot be totally excluded. We conclude that the available data are compatible with the hypothesis that prenatal sex hormones influence the development of human aggressive behavior. More sophisticated research studies are needed, however, to demonstrate hormonal effects and their mechanism of action in a reliable and valid fashion.
A Skeletal Gene Database

Systematic organization of documented data coupled with ready accessibility is of great value to research. Catalogs and databases are created specifically to meet this purpose. The Skeletal Gene Database evolves as part of the Skeletal Genome Anatomy Project (SGAP), an ongoing multi-institute collaborative effort, to study the functional genome of bone and other skeletal tissues. The primary objective of the Skeletal Gene Database is to create a contemporary list of skeletal-related genes, offering the following information for each gene: gene name, protein name, cellular function, disease(s) caused by mutation of the corresponding gene, chromosomal location, LocusLink number, gene size, exon/intron numbers, messenger RNA (mRNA) coding region size, protein size/molecular weight, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) number of the gene, UniGene assignment, and PubMed reference. The database includes genes already known and published in the literature as well as novel genes not yet characterized but known to be expressed in skeletal tissue. It will be posted on the web for easy access and swift referencing. The data will be updated in tempo with current and future research, thereby providing an invaluable service to the scientific community interested in obtaining information on bone-related genes.
DESIRE: A new interactive simulation systems for control system applications

DESIRE is a new interactive simulation system for minicomputers. DESIRE is exceptionally convenient for modelling new control systems because, unlike earlier continuous-system simulation systems, it executes directly on a RUN command and still runs 1.3 to 5 times faster than minicomputer Fortran. Experimenters can see effects of system as well as parameter changes without noticeable translation delays. Examples of control system applications include interactive simulation of a nonlinear servo, iterative parameter optimization, matrix operations, and especially efficient simulation of continuous-variable plants with digital controllers.
Raising Marketing's Aspirations

Abstract Marketing as a function and a profession suffers from the tyranny of exceedingly low expectations. Rather than accept that most customers view most marketing actions in a negative light and that the response rates to marketing initiatives must remain extremely low because of competitive pressures, marketing must raise its aspirations. It must articulate and enforce high standards for what is deemed to be acceptable marketing practice, using mechanisms analogous to GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) in accounting.
A Utilitarian Approach to Variation Aware Delay, Power, and Crosstalk Noise Optimization

In this paper, we propose a novel gate sizing approach for circuit optimization in the presence of scarce information about the distributions of the process variations. The proposed methodology relies upon the concepts of utility theory and risk minimization for multimetric optimization of delay, dynamic power, leakage power, and crosstalk noise, via gate sizing. A deterministic linear equivalent model from a fundamentally stochastic design optimization problem, ensuring high levels of expected utility and significant speedup in the optimization process for large circuits is derived in this work. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is efficient in terms of optimization results with multifold speedup in execution times compared to the traditional approaches.
Bioreactor environment-sensitive sentinel genes as novel metrics for cell culture scale-down comparability.

Scale-down of bioreactors is currently done based on matching one or more measurable parameters such as kLa and P/V, which could result in insufficient process comparability. Currently, there is a lack of genomic translational studies in cell culture scale-down, which could help delineate measurable cellular attributes for improved scale-down. In this study, we scaled-down from a typical bench-scale 5-L bioreactor to a novel high-throughput 35-mL minibioreactor based on matching oxygen transfer rate, which resulted in cell growth and product-related discrepancies using Sp2/0 cells. Performing DNA microarrays on time-course samples from both systems, we identified ∼200 differentially expressed transcripts, presumably because of bioreactor aeration and mixing differences with scale-down. Evaluating these transcripts for bioreactor-relevant cellular functions such as oxidative stress response and DNA damage response, we chose 18 sentinel genes based on their degree of difference and functionality, which we further verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Tracking the differential expression of Sod1, Apex1, and Odc1 genes, we were able to correlate sparging-related damage and poor mixing, as possible causes for physiological changes such as prolonged culture in minibioreactors. Additionally, to verify our sentinel gene findings, we performed follow-up improved scale-down studies based on gene analysis and measured transcriptomic changes. As a result, qRT-PCR-based genomic profiles and cell growth profiles showed better convergence between the improved minibioreactor conditions and the model 5-L bioreactor. Our results broadly show that based on the knowledge from transcriptomic changes of sentinel gene profiles, it is possible to improve bioreactor scale-down for more comparable processes. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2012
FAULT-TOLERANT SYNCHRONIZATION USING PHASE-LOCKED CLOCKS

Abstract Real-time computer systems are increasingly being used in the control of life-critical processes such as aircraft. Such computers are generally multiprocessors. It is very important to be able to tightly and reliabily synchronize the various processors. Over the past few years, phase-locked clocks have emerged as the leading contender for hardware-based, fault-tolerant synchronization. We present here a brief survey of work on this synchronization technique.
A Phase I study on the feasibility and acceptability of an acupuncture/hypnosis intervention for chronic pediatric pain

The purpose of the present study was to conduct a Phase I investigation examining the feasibility and acceptability of a complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) package combining acupuncture and hypnosis for chronic pediatric pain. Thirty-three sequentially referred children (21 girls) aged 6–18 years were offered 6 weekly sessions consisting of individually tailored acupuncture treatment together with a 20-minute hypnosis session (conducted while the needles were in place). Parent and child ratings of pain and pain-related interferences in functioning, as well as child ratings of anxiety and depression, were obtained at pre- and post-treatment. The treatment was highly acceptable (only 2 patients refused; � 90% completed treatment) and there were no adverse effects. Both parents and children reported significant improvements in children’s pain and interference following treatment. Children’s anticipatory anxiety declined significantly across treatment sessions. Our results support the feasibility and acceptability of a combined acupuncture/hypnosis intervention for chronic pediatric pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24:437–446. © U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee, 2002.
Paired DNA three-way junctions as scaffolds for assembling integrase complexes.

Abstract Early steps of retroviral replication involve reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome and integration of the resulting cDNA copy into a chromosome of the host cell. The initial DNA breaking and joining steps of integration are carried out by the virus-encoded integrase enzyme. Integrases bind specifically to the ends of the unintegrated viral cDNA but nonspecifically to target DNA. Conventional assays in vitro reveal primarily the nonspecific DNA binding mode, complicating studies of integrase–DNA complexes. Here, we report an investigation of unconventional DNA structures useful for positioning integrase at predetermined sites. We find that paired DNA three-way junctions can be used to mimic branched DNAs normally formed as reaction intermediates. The three-way junctions differ from authentic intermediates in the connectivity of the DNAs, which, in contrast to the authentic intermediate, allow formation of stable DNA structures under physiological conditions. Assays in vitro showed that integrase can direct hydrolysis at sequences resembling the viral cDNA ends within the three-way junction, but not on junctions with mutant sequences. Changing the spacing between the paired three-way junctions disrupted the cleavage pattern, emphasizing the importance of the correct DNA scaffold. DNase I footprinting studies revealed protection of specific bases at the terminus of the LTR in the three-way junction complex, but not on control linear DNA, specifying the locations of tight interactions between integrase and DNA. Paired DNA three-way junctions are attractive reagents for structural studies of integrase–DNA complexes.
The acoustic field of sources in shear flow with application to jet noise: convective amplification

Lighthill, in his elegant and classic theory of jet noise, showed that the far-field acoustic pressure of noise generated by turbulence is proportional to the integral over the jet volume of the second time derivative of the Lighthill stress tensor, the integrand being evaluated at a retarded time. The purpose of this paper is to generalize the above results to include the effects of mean flow (velocity and temperature) surrounding the source of sound. It is shown quite generally that the integrand is now a certain functional of the Lighthill stress tensor evaluated at a retarded time. More important, however, at low and high frequencies this functional assumes an extremely simple form, so that the acoustic field can once more be given by integrals of the time derivatives of the Lighthill tensor. Both the self- and the shear-noise contributions to the pressure are evaluated.
Base-delta-immediate compression: practical data compression for on-chip caches

Cache compression is a promising technique to increase on-chip cache capacity and to decrease on-chip and off-chip bandwidth usage. Unfortunately, directly applying well-known compression algorithms (usually implemented in software) leads to high hardware complexity and unacceptable decompression/compression latencies, which in turn can negatively affect performance. Hence, there is a need for a simple yet efficient compression technique that can effectively compress common in-cache data patterns, and has minimal effect on cache access latency.
Developmental Changes in Dopamine Neurotransmission in Adolescence: Behavioral Implications and Issues in Assessment

Adolescence is characterized by increased risk-taking, novelty-seeking, and locomotor activity, all of which suggest a heightened appetitive drive. The neurotransmitter dopamine is typically associated with behavioral activation and heightened forms of appetitive behavior in mammalian species, and this pattern of activation has been described in terms of a neurobehavioral system that underlies incentive-motivated behavior. Adolescence may be a time of elevated activity within this system. This review provides a summary of changes within cortical and subcortical dopaminergic systems that may account for changes in cognition and affect that characterize adolescent behavior. Because there is a dearth of information regarding neurochemical changes in human adolescents, models for assessing links between neurochemical activity and behavior in human adolescents will be described using molecular genetic techniques. Furthermore, we will suggest how these techniques can be combined with other methods such as pharmacology to measure the impact of dopamine activity on behavior and how this relation changes through the lifespan.
Nonlinear Standing and Rotating Waves on the Sphere

Abstract We establish the existence of time-periodic solutions of semi-linear wave equations on the unit sphere in R 3. The problem has been studied previously in (1982, V. Benci and Fortunato, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl.132, 215–242) using variational techniques. Our results here are much sharper: We employ delicate methods of bifurcation theory (1979, H. Kielhofer, J. Math. Anal. Appl.68, 408–420; 1987, H. Kielhofer and P. Kotzner, J. Appl. Math. Phys.38, 201–212) combined with well-known group-theoretic ideas to find branches of small-amplitude solutions. Precise spatio-temporal patterns of solutions are uncovered as a by-product of the analysis. Moreover, in certain cases we prove the existence of global solution branches (in the sense of P. Rabinowitz).
NERC's Cyber Security Standards: Fulfilling Its Reliability Day Job and Moonlighting as a Cyber Security Model

The electric industry is experiencing notable changes with the implementation of communication and automation technology, many of which are part of the smart grid movement. Similar to other critical infrastructure industries such as banking, transportation and the cross sector critical information infrastructure industry, the electric industry must protect itself from intentional and unintentional security breaches and incidents to ensure uninterrupted operations of essential services. Of the critical infrastructure industries, the electric industry is the only private-sector industry subject to government enforced mandatory cyber security standards. This article gives an overview of the eight mandatory cyber security standards by the North American Electric Reliability Corporation. As an example of how standards are evolving it discusses CIP-002 – Critical Cyber Asset Identification in depth because it establishes whether the remaining seven standards apply. This article then compares the North American Electric Reliability Corporation regulatory regime against critical information infrastructure goals. The comparison finds that, at least on a basic level, the electric industry’s mandatory cyber security standards meet the critical information infrastructure goals and work to secure information networks, resources, and systems from cyber and physical threats. The mandatory cyber security standards promote an increase in technological products, better security management, personnel and public education and trust in the industry. Even though the electric industry’s mandatory standards are imperfect, the fact it satisfies the goals of the cross sector critical information infrastructure indicates that the framework is sound. The electric industry’s experience with mandatory cyber security standards is a valuable source of information and the regulatory regime itself can be a helpful model for other industries looking to develop their own security protection systems.
WO3-enhanced TiO2 nanotube photoanodes for solar water splitting with simultaneous wastewater treatment.

Composite WO3/TiO2 nanostructures with optimal properties that enhance solar photoconversion reactions were developed, characterized, and tested. The TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodization of Ti foil and used as substrates for WO3 electrodeposition. The WO3 electrodeposition parameters were controlled to develop unique WO3 nanostructures with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the nanomaterials with optimal photocurrent density have the same ordered structure as TiO2 nanotubes, with an external tubular nanostructured WO3 layer. Diffuse reflectance spectra showed an increase in the visible absorption relative to bare TiO2 nanotubes and in the UV absorption relative to bare WO3 films. Incident simulated solar photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE) increased from 30% (for bare WO3) to 50% (for tubular WO3/TiO2 composites). With the addition of diverse organic pollutants, the photocurrent densities exhibited more than a 5-fold increase. Chemical o...
Juvenile xanthogranuloma with bilateral ocular involvement: complete response after treatment with vinblastine: case report.

PURPOSE. To present an infant with bilateral ocular and skin involvement by juvenile xanthogranuloma and the results of treatment with vinblastine. METHODS. Analysis of the clinical and histopathologic data and the results of the treatment. RESULTS. After 14 months' evolution with no response to other treatments, the lesions responded to a course of vinblastine (6 mg/m 2 /weekly, corrected for weight), which was followed by a maintenance treatment for 52 weeks. CONCLUSIONS. The treatment protocol used in the present case may prove useful for similar patients. We found no other report describing these results.
A Practicable Method for Main Steam Flow Calculation of Steam Turbines

As we know,main steam flow of large capacity steam turbines is one of the most important parameters for working condition supervision.However the steam flow can not be measured directly,therefore it is necessary to find a practical calculation way.Based on working principles and experimental results of steam turbines,a formula especially for the calculation of main steam flow is being proposed.The specific way is to calculate the steam flow at reheater outlet with reheated steam pressure and temperature data measured at turbine inlet,then accurate calculation of main steam flow can be obtained by using a group of relevant parameter measurements.
MODERN CONCEPTS OF PREOPERATIVE AND POSTOPERATIVE CARE.

Some of the more important concepts of preoperative and postoperative care which have evolved from recent research are outlined by body systems. The reader is encouraged to peruse the detailed reports of this research.
Rapid screening of potential human bladder carcinogens: genotoxicity in meiosis repair deficient Drosophila melanogaster.

Abstract To find a quick screen of potential bladder carcinogens, a genotoxicity test in Drosophila melanogaster stocks containing DNA repair mutations was evaluated. Meiosis repair deficient male Drosophila melanogaster mei-9, mei-41, and the double mutant mei-9–41 were allowed to mate with attached -x females on media containing the test agent. Genotoxic agents produce DNA damage which accumulates and can be lethal in mei males, whereas the attached -x females are able to repair the damage and survive. Thus, the sex ratio of the progeny is a measure of genotoxicity which can be correlated with mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. In this study, tea, coffee, and saccharin were not genotoxic (p > 0.3). Dose dependent toxicity was observed in bracken fern (p
Multi-threaded message dispatcher framework for Mission Critical Applications

The usage of well-tried software design patterns and application frameworks is often encountered in Mission and Safety Critical Applications development due to the high stakes involved in the case of failures. To increase reliability, some frameworks attempt to separate the implementation of business logic and low level implementation details and move the latter inside of framework-implementation in order to allow the developers to focus as much as possible on the problem to be solved while providing the necessary infrastructure into easy to use API's. In this paper we present a framework for message processing which takes advantage of the newer C++11 features to enforce separation of concerns, perform dead-lock avoidance, and encourage unit testing.
Abstract 4088: Adipocytes-mediated autophagy activation and metabolic reprogramming promotes colon cancer survival

Obesity has been associated with increased incidence and mortality of a wide variety of human cancers including colorectal cancer. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the functional interaction between obesity and cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that adipocytes isolated from adipose tissues of colon cancer patients play an important role in promoting tumor cell survival and progression by altering cellular metabolism. In stage IV colon cancer cases, abundant adipocytes were found in close association with invasive colon cancer cells. Co-culture of adipocytes with colon cancer cells led to direct transfer of free fatty acids (FAs) released by the adipocytes to colon cancer cells. Uptake of FAs allowed the cancer cells to survive nutrient deprivation conditions by upregulating mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, suggesting that FAs from adipocytes were used as an energy source by the cancer cells. In addition, we found that co-culture of adipocytes or treating cells with fatty acids induced autophagy in colon cancer cells as a result of AMPK activation. Inhibition of autophagy attenuated the ability of cancer cells to utilize FAs and blocked the growth promoting effect of adipocytes. Furthermore, we found that adipocytes induced dedifferentiation of tumor cells in primary colon cancer cells and mouse tumor organoids. Taken together, these results identify adipocytes as active contributors to the tumor microenvironment that promote tumor growth and survival by serving as an energy provider and a metabolic regulator for the embedded colon cancer cells. Citation Format: Yang-an Wen, Xiaopeng Xiong, Jennifer Harris, Yekaterina Zaytseva1, Tianyan Gao. Adipocytes-mediated autophagy activation and metabolic reprogramming promotes colon cancer survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4088.
A 65-Year-Old Woman with Hardened Skin, Joint Contractures, and Yellow Scleral Plaques

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a debilitating disease that affects patients with chronic kidney disease after exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents. Patients typically exhibit hyperpigmentation, marked induration, and tethering of skin on their extremities with fixed flexion contractures of the fingers, elbows, and knees. Yellow scleral plaques with capillary dilatation may be evident on the eyes, and visceral involvement can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Skin biopsy demonstrates increased numbers of spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells that are CD34+/procollagen I+ in the dermis and thickened collagen bundles separated by adjacent clefts, and serves to confirm the diagnosis of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in a patient with characteristic clinical features. Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors may reverse existing fibrosis and prevent progression of disease, although controlled clinical trials are lacking, in part, due to the relative rarity of this condition.
On the Instability of Bitcoin Without the Block Reward

Bitcoin provides two incentives for miners: block rewards and transaction fees. The former accounts for the vast majority of miner revenues at the beginning of the system, but it is expected to transition to the latter as the block rewards dwindle. There has been an implicit belief that whether miners are paid by block rewards or transaction fees does not affect the security of the block chain. We show that this is not the case. Our key insight is that with only transaction fees, the variance of the block reward is very high due to the exponentially distributed block arrival time, and it becomes attractive to fork a "wealthy" block to "steal" the rewards therein. We show that this results in an equilibrium with undesirable properties for Bitcoin's security and performance, and even non-equilibria in some circumstances. We also revisit selfish mining and show that it can be made profitable for a miner with an arbitrarily low hash power share, and who is arbitrarily poorly connected within the network. Our results are derived from theoretical analysis and confirmed by a new Bitcoin mining simulator that may be of independent interest. We discuss the troubling implications of our results for Bitcoin's future security and draw lessons for the design of new cryptocurrencies.
Treatment for Nutrient Reduction

Nitrogen and phosphorus can be of special concern in areas that are sensitive to nutrient inputs associated with wastewaters and reclaimed waters (e.g., locations where groundwater is used as a source of drinking water or inland lakes where eutrophication is a concern). In these areas nutrient reduction is often a major requirement for decentralized water reclamation and reuse. Nitrogen and phosphorus can also be of special interest due to their value as a fertilizer or soil amendment. This Chapter describes the principles and processes of nutrient reduction and the design and implementation of different strategies and technologies for treatment and also recovery.
Geospatial Planning and the Resulting Economic Impact of Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Introduction in Mozambique.

Background Research has shown that the distance to the nearest immunization location can ultimately prevent someone from getting immunized. With the introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine throughout the world, a major question is whether the target populations can readily access immunization. Methods In anticipation of HPV vaccine introduction in Mozambique, a country with a 2015 population of 25,727,911, our team developed Strategic Integrated Geo-temporal Mapping Application) to determine the potential economic impact of HPV immunization. We quantified how many people in the target population are reachable by the 1377 existing immunization locations, how many cannot access these locations, and the potential costs and disease burden averted by immunization. Results If the entire 2015 cohort of 10-year-old girls goes without HPV immunization, approximately 125 (111-139) new cases of HPV 16,18-related cervical cancer are expected in the future. If each health center covers a catchment area with a 5-km radius (ie, if people travel up to 5 km to obtain vaccines), then 40% of the target population could be reached to prevent 50 (44-55) cases, 178 (159-198) disability-adjusted life years, and US $202,854 (US $140,758-323,693) in health care costs and lost productivity. At higher catchment area radii, additional increases in catchment area radius raise population coverage with diminishing returns. Conclusions Much of the population in Mozambique is unable to reach any existing immunization location, thereby reducing the potential impact of HPV vaccine. The geospatial information system analysis can assist in planning vaccine introduction strategies to maximize access and help the population reap the maximum benefits from an immunization program.
Tensile strength of commercial polymer materials for fused filament fabrication 3D printing

3D printing functional parts with known mechanical properties is challenging using variable open source 3D printers. This study investigates the mechanical properties of 3D printed parts using a commercial open-source 3D printer for a wide range of materials. The samples are tested for tensile strength following ASTM D638. The results are presented and conclusions are drawn about the mechanical properties of various fused filament fabrication materials. The study demonstrates that the tensile strength of a 3D printed specimen depends largely on the mass of the specimen, for all materials. Thus, to solve the challenge of unknown print quality on mechanical properties of a 3D printed part a two step process is proposed, which has a reasonably high expectation that a part will have tensile strengths described in this study for a given material. First, the exterior of the print is inspected visually for sub-optimal layers. Then, to determine if there has been under-extrusion in the interior, the mass of the sample is measured. This mass is compared to the theoretical value using densities for the material and the volume of the object. This two step process provides a means to assist low-cost open-source 3D printers expand the range of object production to functional parts.
Rural versus urban differences among patients (pts) with hormone-receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) and a 21-gene assay recurrence score (RS).

6063 Background: Differences in BC outcomes have been noted between rural and urban women. The influence of tumor biology vs treatment factors as the driver of these differences remains unclear. Th...
One Less Painful Procedure: Using Umbilical Cord Blood as Alternative Source to Admission Complete Blood Count.

Objective This study aims to evaluate the use of umbilical cord blood as an alternative to the admission complete blood count (CBC) in the well-appearing late preterm neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Study Design Paired umbilical cord and admission blood CBC samples from well late preterm infants were compared using a two-sample t-test or analysis of variance with an unequal variance for differences in the hemoglobin, platelet counts, white blood cell, and absolute neutrophil counts. Results A total of 100 infants were enrolled in the study. The study included 46 females, 5 Asian, 9 Black, 35 Hispanic, 51 White, with a mean gestational age of 35.3 ± 1 weeks (range: 34–36.5 weeks), and a mean birth weight of 2,347 ± 491 g (range: 1,840–4,260 g). Around 80% were appropriate for gestational age, 5% were large for gestational age, and 15% were small for gestational age. The median difference between the cord and admission blood samples were hemoglobin: 1.1 g/dL, platelet: 7.50 × 103 cells/μL, white blood cell count: 2.3 × 103 cells/μL, and absolute neutrophil count: 0.6 × 103 cells/μL. Conclusion The cord and admission blood testing were not statistically or clinically different when compared. In well late preterm infants, the NICU admission blood CBC may be replaced with an umbilical cord blood CBC.
The Syndrome of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

For almost three decades kindling has been a popular experimental tool for investigating enduring changes in neuronal excitability that presumably utilize natural mechanisms underlying normal as well as abnormal behaviors. The most common rationale for its use has been its presumed relevance to human epileptogenesis, and it has been referred to by many as “the kindling model of epilepsy.” Strictly speaking, however, routine kindling is not a model for epilepsy, because animals do not experience spontaneous seizures. Nevertheless, changes clearly occur that increasingly dispose specific brain regions to generate epileptic seizures, given an appropriate stimulus.
RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY FOR KARST AQUIFERS: (2) SOLUTE-TRANSPORT MODELING

Ground-water flow and solute-transport simulation modeling are major components of most exposure and risk assessments of contaminated aquifers. Model simulations provide information on the spatial and temporal distributions of contaminants in subsurface media but are difficult to apply to karst aquifers in which conduit flow is important. Ground-water flow and solute transport in karst conduits typically display rapid-flow velocities, turbulent-flow regimes, concentrated pollutant-mass discharge, and exhibit open-channel or closed-conduit flow. Conventional ground-water models, dependent on the applicability of Darcy`s law, are inappropriate when applied to karst aquifers because of the (1) nonapplicability of Darcian-flow parameters, (2) typically nonlaminar flow regime, and (3) inability to locate the karst conduits through which most flow and contaminant transport occurs. Surface-water flow and solute-transport models conditioned on a set of parameters determined empirically from quantitative ground-water tracing studies may be effectively used to render fate-and-transport values of contaminants in karst conduits. Hydraulic-flow and geometric parameters developed in a companion paper were used in the surface-water model, TOXI5, to simulate hypothetical slug and continuous-source releases of ethylbenzene in a karst conduit. TOXI5 simulation results showed considerable improvement for predicted ethylbenzene-transport rates and concentrations over qualitative tracing and analytical ground-water model results. Ethylbenzene concentrations predicted by TOXI5 simulations were evaluated in exposure and risk assessment models.
The Smallest Scale for Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are $$\matrix{ {{{\partial \vec u} \over {\partial t}} + \vec u \cdot \nabla \vec u + \nabla p = \nu \Delta \vec u,} \cr {{\rm{div}}\vec u = 0} \cr }$$ (20.1) where u → is the velocity vector, p is the pressure and v is the kinematic viscosity. If we set the viscosity equal to zero, we get the Euler equations $$\matrix{ {{{\partial \vec u} \over {\partial t}} + \vec u \cdot \nabla \vec u + \nabla p = 0,} \cr {{\rm{div }}\vec u = 0.} \cr }$$ (20.2)
Accessible Tests of Student Achievement: Access and Innovations for Excellence

Access means more than participation in general education classes and end-of-year achievement tests. Real access involves the opportunity for all students to learn the intended curriculum and demonstrate what they have achieved as a result of their learning. In an era of standards-based accountability, these goals of access are at the heart of high-quality instruction and testing practices.