cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training original catalogers to utilize CAT ME plus: An outline

For catalogers who want to simplify their work and lower costs by working offline, OCLC′s Cataloging Microenhancer Plus is an obvious solution. The Cataloging Microenhancer CAT ME Plus stores workforms, and allows the addition of constant data and blocking/copying of data to original records.
Substrate steric effects in enantioselective Lewis acid promoted free radical reactions

Abstract High to moderate levels of stereoselectivity are observed in chiral Lewis acid promoted allyl transfer reactions of radicals substituted α to oxazolidinones. Similar selectivity patterns are observed for reactions in which such radicals are generated by addition to an acrylimide or by reactions in which the same radical is generated from the corresponding bromide. A good correlation is obtained for selectivity vs. the Taft steric parameter for the alkyl group attached to the radical center.
An Empirical Analysis of Foreign Student Brain Drain to the United States.

Abstract Using pooled data for 25 countries from 1962 through 1976, this paper analyzes foreign students' decisions to return home or remain in the U.S. after completing their training here. An empirical model is formulated which includes not only typical economic explanatory variables such as income differentials, but also several socio-political variables. The behavioral constraints imposed by U.S. immigration policies are also incorporated into the model. The estimation results indicate that this model is capable of explaining why the pattern of nonreturn by foreign students varied so greatly across countries of origin and over time.
Combination pharmaceutical therapies for obesity

The anti-obesity medications available at present achieve a rather modest degree of weight loss that falls below the expectations of clinicians as well as consumers. Several combination drug therapies are in development with the aim of achieving better results that would be clinically more meaningful in the reduction of obesity-related health risks. This paper discusses the pros and cons of combination therapies, and the ongoing research in this area.
Chelating resin method for estimation of sludge-cadmium bioavailability

Abstract A chelating resin procedure was developed to predict the plant uptake of Cd by municipal sewage sludges applied to land. Seventeen anaerobically digested sludges were sampled to give a range of total Cd content of 0.07 to 2.02 mmol/kg. Sludge suspensions [20 g in 100 mL 0.05 M Ca(NO3)2] were equilibrated with 1 g Chelex 100 resin placed in dialysis tubing and shaken at 200 rpm for 16 h. Resin‐extractable Cd was compared with sludge solution Cd (CdT and Cd2+) in equilibrium with 0.05 M Ca(NO3)2, and 0.05 M Ca(NO3)2 containing 50 (μM Na‐EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate). Resin extractable Cd was correlated with Cd uptake by sudax, a sorghum/sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolar), grown in Spinks loamy sand (Typic Udipsamment) amended with each of the sludges to give a constant Cd concentration of 22 μmol/kg soil. Resin extractable Cd ranged from < 0.1 to 48 μmol/kg. Resin extracted between zero and 5.3% of total sludge Cd. Resin extractable Cd was highly correlated with CdT and Cd2+ in 0.05 M Ca(NO3)...
The effect of dietary fatty acids on the composition of adult rat lung lipids: relationship to oxygen toxicity.

Abstract Three groups of mature rats were placed on separate dietary regimens for a period of 33 days. One group was fed standard rat food, the second group was fed a diet high in saturated fatty acids provided by hydrogenated coconut oil, and the third group was fed a diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids provided by cod liver oil. After 33 days of maintenance on these diets major changes in the fatty acid composition of lung triglycerides were observed. Fatty acids with two or more double bonds comprised 27.9% of the total lung triglyceride fatty acids in rats fed standard rat food, 24.7% in the rats fed cod liver oil, and 2.8% in the rats fed coconut oil. The fatty acid composition of lung phospholipids showed smaller changes which were confined to shifts in the relative content of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in those rats fed cod liver oil. Exposure of all three groups of rats to 100% oxygen resulted in a greatly enhanced mortality in the group fed coconut oil compared with the other two groups. All of the rats fed coconut oil were dead within 68 hr, while, after 96 hr, only 54% of those fed either standard rat food or cod liver oil were dead. These data suggest that an increase in the saturated fatty acid content of lung triglycerides through dietery manipulation results in increased susceptibility to oxygen toxicity.
Method for Separating the Inter‐ and Intramolecular Contributions to T1 in Liquids When the Pressure Varies. Rotational Correlation Time vs Pressure

It is shown that to separate the intramolecular and intermolecular contributions to the spin—lattice relaxation time T1 in liquids measured as a function of pressure and/or temperature, it is only necessary to perform this separation at a single pressure and temperature if the self‐diffusion coefficient D and density are also known as a function of pressure and/or temperature. T1 may be separated by solution measurements in which the liquid under study is dissolved in a solvent identical to it but magnetically inert. The intramolecular part of T1 and, hence, the intermolecular part also are obtained by extrapolation to infinite dilution. Such solution measurements would be cumbersome to perform as a function of pressure and/or temperature. It is argued that the results of such a separation may be extended to other pressures and temperatures if appropriate self‐diffusion and density data are available. To examine the usefulness of this idea, the pressure dependence of the rotational correlation time τR for...
Registry to Referral: A Promising Means for Identifying and Referring Infants and Toddlers for Early Intervention Services.

Birth defects are the leading cause of death for infants in their first year of life and contribute substantially to childhood morbidity and long-term disability among survivors. Both the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation actively support birth defects monitoring programs across the United States. Currently, 33 states have some type of birth defects monitoring program and 16 more have programs in the planning stages. In general, these surveillance programs track birth defects to describe incidence and identify subpopulations for possible preventive interventions. The importance of early intervention in reducing or preventing secondary disabilities associated with a primary condition has been well documented. A birth defects registry, because of its ability to capture this information earlier than other data collection methods, is a potentially valuable source of information to use in referring families for services. In this paper, we describe the results of a survey to identify programs that are using, or are planning to use, their birth defects surveillance systems as a means of identifying and referring children and families for services. We report the level of interest and experience in developing such referral systems in state birth defect surveillance programs, provide 4 brief case examples, and recommend steps early intervention professionals can take to further discussion about using registries for making referrals.
Recycling of zinc waste for electrogalvanizing

Abstract An objective of Bureau of Mines recycling research is to devise technology that enables the recovery of metals, minerals, and other values from waste products and thus promote the wise and efficient use of our nation's resources. In line with this objective, Bureau researchers are investigating the use of waste products containing zinc as a source of zinc for electrogalvanizing. Industrial wastes used in this work were lead smelter flue dust, wastewater treatment sludge, copper smelter flue dust, and brass smelter flue dust. After zinc extraction with sulfuric acid, the resultant solutions were partially purified and used to electrogalvanize 0.234-cm (0.092-in.) diameter 1070 alloy steel wire, a common electrogalvanized product. The corrosion resistance of the electrogalvanized wire from waste electrolyte was compared with electrogalvanized wire from relatively pure electrolyte prepared in the laboratory, and electrogalvanized wire from an industrial electrogalvanizing plant. Corrosion rate measurements indicated that electrogalvanized wire obtained from waste electrolyte prepared from brass smelter flue dusts compared favorably with industrial electrogalvanized wire and electrogalvanized wire from the relatively pure electrolyte. The brass smelter flue dusts were chosen for more detailed studies. Impurities in the waste electrolyte caused some problems. Copper was undesirable because it passivated the soluble zinc anode. Other impurities such as cobalt and nickel were more tolerable but also slowly coated the anode. Owing to the ease of removal of copper by cementation, it posed no processing problem for electrogalvanizing. Successful completion of bench-scale work with brass smelter flue dusts led to large-scale trials at an industrial electrogalvanizing plant.
Cellular immune response in coccidioidomycosis

Abstract The CMI response in vitro and in vivo of 30 patients with a poor biologic response to infection with C. immitis was investigated. In patients with active pulmonary disease, skin reactivity to CDN was observed in 7 10 , and to at least one of five other antigens in 8 10 . In patients with the most extensive infection, disseminated disease, skin reactivity to CDN and to at least one of five other antigens was observed in only 4 8 . In patients with inactive disease, skin reactivity to CDN and to at least one of five other antigens was observed in 11 12 . Even when skin reactivity to CDN was present, MIF release and, more frequently, 3 H-thymidine incorporation were not consistently stimulated by CDN. Maximal 3 H-thymidine incorporation in response to PHA and CDN is delayed in 50% of the patients studied. The defect also may be present in patients with inactive disease; however, in two patients followed serially, lymphocyte function very slowly returned to normal. Rosette-forming cells were normal in 18 30 . The frequency with which patients with coccidioidal disease demonstrate a defect in cell-mediated immunity raises unanswered questions about the mechanisms responsible for the defect and the role it may play in the biologic defense against invasion by this fungus.
Conflict Predispositions: Differences between Happy and Clinical Couples.

Abstract Theoretical literature is cited indicating that intrapersonal and interpersonal conflicts are commingled and that both of these communicative processes are influential in marital relationships. Happily married couples and couples seeking counselor guidance were compared by using two self-report instruments (Communication-Conflict Instrument and Marital Relationship Inventory). Results from ANOVA comparisons supported two hypotheses, indicating that happy couples had predispositions for productively managing conflict; whereas, clinical couples had higher aggressiveness predispositions, which lessened their ability to manage conflict productively. Post-hoc t-test produced three differences between happy and clinical couples in their behavior and value orientations. Happy couples differed significantly from the counseling couples by having more loyalty to their communities, more energy for tasks, and more positive feelings about their lives. Marital relationship results confirmed previously cited re...
The effect of low frequency electric and magnetic fields on gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract Differential effects of extremely low frequency (e.l.f.) electromagnetic (EM) field exposure on several genes in yeast cells are reported. Transcript levels for the genes URA3, IME2 and SSA1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were measured following exposures to a 60 Hz continuous wave sinusoidal field at various field strengths and exposure times. An increase in the basal level of URA3 transcripts was observed as a function of field strength and time of exposure, i.e. a peak in transcript levels for URA3 was observed after 15 min exposure at the lowest field strength used in these experiments (0.8 μT). With increased field strengths (8 and 80 μT) the peak effect was delayed and transcript levels were somewhat lower. With continuous exposure, transcript levels decreased to control levels within 60 min regardless of the field strength used. Transcript levels in cells exposed for 20 min and removed from the field returned to control levels within 20 min. Re-exposure for up to 40 min after a 20 min initial exposure did not alter transcript levels from control levels. IME2, a meiotic regulatory gene, was unaffected by exposure to any of the field strengths used in these experiments. Although these two genes responded differently to the EM fields at 30°C, transcript levels for both URA3 and IME2 were increased in yeast cells subjected to sudden elevated temperature (37°C) for 20 min. Transcript levels for SSA1 (a heat shock gene) were increased in yeast cells exposed to either electromagnetic fields or sudden elevated temperature.
Determination of oxalate in parenteral nutrition solutions by capillary electrophoresis

Abstract A rapid, sensitive and reliable capillary electrophoretic (CE) method based on indirect UV absorbance detection has been developed, optimized and applied to the separation and determination of low (mg/1) levels of oxalate in commercial parenteral nutrition preparations. The determination of oxalate requires no extraction, derivatization or other complex pre-analysis steps. The method used chromate as the UV-absorbing background electrolyte and oxalate was detected indirectly at 254 nm. The analysis time for oxalate is just under 7 min per sample with oxalate migrating at approximately 4 min. The method calibration curves were shown to be linear over a minimum of 1.5 orders of magnitude with a limit of detection for oxalate of approximately 240 μg/1. The methods linear dynamic range for oxalate was shown to extend over more than 2.5 orders of magnitude. The final optimized method was used to separate and quantify oxalate in parenteral nutrition solutions that had been submitted to 24-h neonatal phototherapy procedures.
Monitoring the environment by remote sensing.

Structural features of ecosystems, such as leaf area index, phytomass and canopy chemical contents, are beginning to be estimated from remotely sensed data. This development, in combination with ecological modeling, is permitting the estimation of functional features of ecosystems including primary productivity and nutrient cycling. Such techniques are also being applied to the problem of monitoring the effects of air or water pollutants on biota. Sensors that obtain data at a coarse spatial scale (1 km2 or more) are also permitting the observation of biospheric patterns at a large regional or global scale for the first time. When coupled with atmospheric measurements, field data and simulation models, such data may serve to address ecological processes, including pollution effects, at large regional or global scales.
Vitamin B6 is associated with depressive symptomatology in Massachusetts elders.

Objective: We examined the cross-sectional relationship between dietary vitamin B6 and plasma pyridoxyl-5′-phosphate concentrations (PLP) with depressive symptomatology among a representative sample of 618 elderly Caribbean Hispanics, and a neighborhood based comparison group of 251 non-Hispanic white (NHW) older adults in Massachusetts.Methods: Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). 41% of Hispanics and 22.6% of NHWs had CES-D scores greater than 16, indicating depressive caseness. Dietary intake was calculated from a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) designed for this population.Results: PLP was significantly associated with CES-D score and depressive caseness in the total sample and in non-supplement users. Deficient levels of plasma PLP (plasma PLP < 20 nmol/L) approximately doubled the likelihood of depressive caseness. Total intake (diet + supplement) of vitamin B6 was not associated with these outcomes. However, ...
Assessing the Bayesian inversion technique of C-band synthetic aperture radar data for the retrieval of wind fields in marine coastal areas

Over the past decade, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors have demonstrated their ability to provide accurate wind speed and direction measurements in the ocean. Although SAR capability to image the sea surface at a suitable spatial resolution, SAR wind field retrieval in marine coastal areas still remains an open issue. The aim of this work is to assess the potential and limits of the Bayesian approach to the C-band NRCS SAR inversion problem for the retrieval of wind fields in marine coastal areas. A dataset of 139 SAR images gathered by the European ERS-2 and ENVISAT satellites during 2007 was analyzed to estimate the sea surface wind vectors over three selected coastal sites in the Mediterranean Sea, offshore Puglia region (Italy). The sites were instrumented to monitor marine and environmental parameters, including wind intensity and direction for further comparison with SAR wind estimations. Results discussed in this study show that the statistical approach in the retrieval of SAR wind speed can be applied in coastal areas with performances comparable with those obtained off-shore. In contrast, the SAR inversion procedure was not able to retrieve wind direction with the same accuracy.
Electrophysiologic correlates of intensity discrimination in cortical evoked potentials of younger and older adults.

When measured behaviorally, older adults with normal hearing have poorer intensity discrimination thresholds than younger adults, but only at lower frequencies. Poor intensity discrimination at lower but not higher frequencies for older adults can be associated with an age-related decline in temporal processing. The current study was designed to assess age-related effects on intensity discrimination at 500 and 3000 Hz using the cortical auditory evoked potential, N1-P2. Subjects were 10 younger and 10 older adults with normal hearing. The N1-P2 was elicited by an intensity increase in an otherwise continuous pure tone presented at 70 dB SPL. Intensity increments ranged from 0 dB to 5 dB at 500 Hz and from 0 dB to 8 dB at 3000 Hz in 1-dB steps. Intensity discrimination threshold was defined as the smallest intensity change needed to evoke an N1-P2 response. Consistent with behavioral measures, N1-P2 response thresholds were significantly higher for older subjects than younger subjects at 500 Hz but did not differ significantly at 3000 Hz. In addition, N1 and P2 latencies for older subjects were significantly prolonged at 500 Hz, but not at 3000 Hz. As intensity increments increased above threshold, amplitudes tended to be larger in older than in younger subjects, however, these differences were not statistically significant. In older subjects, response latencies and amplitudes were significantly larger at 500 Hz than at 3000 Hz. In younger subjects, response latencies and amplitudes were similar across frequency. Similar intensity discrimination thresholds and age-related differences for behavioral measures and evoked potentials support the notion that the N1-P2 measures reflect the physiological detection of intensity change which in turn relates to intensity discrimination. A possible explanation for the decreased intensity discrimination at low frequencies, and enhanced amplitudes with prolonged latencies in older subjects is an age-related decline in inhibitory control within the central auditory nervous system.
Rb-Sr provenance ages from weathered and stream transported quartz grains from the Harney Peak Granite, Black Hills, South Dakota

Abstract Weathered quartz grus and stream transported quartz of the Harney Peak Granite, Black Hills, South Dakota, contain low concentrations of Rb (generally 0.3–6.8 ppm) and Sr (0.2–2.0 ppm) and variable Sr isotopic ratios (0.759–1.070). Six of seven single grains of large composite quartz grus which recently entered the weathering environment define an apparent isochron age (about 1800 Myr) and initial 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio (0.7066) that approximate the whole-rock isochron age (1707 Myr) and initial ratio (0.7143) of the Harney Peak Granite. Apparently the Rb-Sr systematics of these grains were not significantly altered during initial weathering. Leached fluid inclusion material from a ca . 2 g aggregate of composite quartz grains contains very little Rb or Sr (0.019 and 0.17 μg, respectively) and has a very low 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio (0.739). The Rb and Sr content of the quartz grains appears to be concentrated in minute, heterogeneously-distributed mineral inclusions. Five aggregates of more completely weathered, small non-composite quartz grains produce a widely scattered pattern on an isochron diagram with all samples plotting below the 1707 Myr isochron. Examination by SEM of these grains shows solution and precipitation features on their relatively large effective surface areas. The differential precipitation of Rb is believed to have been the major perturbating chemical process during weathering. Three aggregates of stream quartz grains define an apparent isochron age of 1777 Myr and an initial 87 Sr 86 Sr ratio of 0.720 that suggest the initial ‘igneous’ Rb-Sr characteristics of the stream quartz were re-attained during their transportation, probably as a result of removal of the outer weathered surface by abrasion. The apparent resistance to chemical weathering of stream quartz and quartz which has just entered the weathering environment suggests that this mineral may be extremely useful in studies of provenance and the geochronology of strongly weathered terranes.
The coactive construction of selves in cultures.

Selves and cultures are not independent entities. Focusing on the processes by which individuals and cultures participate in each other's functioning, we can begin to understand how personal and communal dimensions of selfhood must be represented in some form in all the world's cultures.
Being American, being Asian: the bicultural self and autobiographical memory in Asian Americans.

Abstract Studies of autobiographical memory have shown that the degree to which individuals focus on themselves vs. social relations in their memories varies markedly across cultures. Do the differences result from differing cultural self-views (i.e., an autonomous vs. a relational sense of self), as often suggested in the literature? Experimental evidence is required to answer this question. In the present study, Asian American participants ( N = 118) were primed to focus on their American or Asian self prior to recalling important autobiographical events, and participants in a control group described things in nature prior to the memory recall. Those whose American self was activated recalled more self-focused and less socially oriented memories than those whose Asian self was made salient, with the control group falling in between. The findings shed light on the mechanism underlying cultural influences on autobiographical remembering. They further highlight the dynamic nature of the memory-self interplay in cultural contexts.
A wireless structural health monitoring system with multithreaded sensing devices: design and validation

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has become an important research problem which has the potential to monitor and ensure the performance and safety of civil structures. Traditional wire-based SHM systems require significant time and cost for cable installation. With the recent advances in wireless communication technology, wireless SHM systems have emerged as a promising alternative solution for rapid, accurate and low-cost structural monitoring. This paper presents a newly designed integrated wireless monitoring system that supports real-time data acquisition from multiple wireless sensing units. The selected wireless transceiver consumes relatively low power and supports long-distance peer-to-peer communication. In addition to hardware, embedded multithreaded software is also designed as an integral component of the proposed wireless monitoring system. A direct result of the multithreaded software paradigm is a wireless sensing unit capable of simultaneous data collection, data interrogation and wirele...
Arsenic sequestration by sorption processes in high-iron sediments

High-iron sediments in North Haiwee Reservoir (Olancha, CA), resulting from water treatment for removal of elevated dissolved arsenic in the Los Angeles Aqueduct system, were studied to examine arsenic partitioning between solid phases and porewaters undergoing shallow burial. To reduce arsenic in drinking water supplies, ferric chloride and a cationic polymer coagulant are added to the aqueduct upstream of Haiwee Reservoir, forming an iron-rich floc that scavenges arsenic from the water. Analysis by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) showed that the aqueduct precipitate is an amorphous hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) similar to ferrihydrite, and that arsenic is associated with the floc as adsorbed and/or coprecipitated As(V). Arsenic-rich floc and sediments are deposited along the inlet channel as aqueduct waters enter the reservoir. Sediment core samples were collected in two consecutive years from the edge of the reservoir along the inlet channel using 30- or 90-cm push cores. Cores were analyzed for total and extractable arsenic and iron concentrations. Arsenic and iron speciation and mineralogy in sediments were examined at selected depths by synchrotron XAS and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sediment–porewater measurements were made adjacent to the core sample sites using polyacrylamide gel probe samplers. Results showed that sediment As(V) is reduced to As(III) in all cores at or near the sediment–water interface (0–4 cm), and only As(III) was observed in deeper sediments. Analyses of EXAFS spectra indicated that arsenic is present in the sediments mostly as a bidentate–binuclear, inner-sphere sorption complex with local atomic geometries similar to those found in laboratory studies. Below about 10 cm depth, XAS indicated that the HFO floc had been reduced to a mixed Fe(II, III) solid with a local structure similar to that of synthetic green rust (GR) but with a slightly contracted average interatomic Fe–Fe distance in the hydroxide layer. There was no evidence from XRD for the formation of a crystalline GR phase. The release of dissolved iron (presumably Fe^(2+)) and arsenic to solution, as monitored by in situ gel probes, was variable but, in general, occurred at greater depths than arsenic reduction in the sediments by spectroscopic observations and appears to be near or below the depth at which sediment GR was identified. These data point to reductive dissolution of the sorbent iron phase as the primary mechanism of release of sorbed arsenic to solution.
Toxins as Drugs: What Does the Future Hold?: Editorial

AbstractThe past couple of decades have seen increasing concern from regulatory agencies about the toxicity of drugs, much of it justified by bitter experience with thalidomide and other drugs. In the United States concern with drug toxicity has been enhanced by the increasingly litiguous nature of society. Even rare toxicity can lead to the demise of a drug, as the recent case of Zomax™ has shown. In this environment approval of any drug with significant toxicity is difficult and the approved indications are limited. This situation makes the process of obtaining approval expensive and protracted, thereby decreasing the possibilities for a reasonable return on investment for a company seeking to market the drug. This environment does not bode well for the future of toxins as drugs.
Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase cDNA transfection alters sensitivity to depletion of purine and methionine in A549 lung cancer cells

Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), an enzyme involved in purine and methionine metabolism, is present in all normal tissues but is frequently deficient in a variety of cancers. It has been suggested that this metabolic difference between normal and cancer cells may be exploited to selectively treat MTAP-negative cancers by inhibiting de novo purine synthesis and by depleting L-methionine. However, these therapeutic strategies have only been tested in naturally occurring MTAP-positive and -negative cell lines, which might have additional genetic alterations that affect chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Therefore, it is of importance to examine the feasibility of enzyme-selective treatment using paired cell lines that have an identical genotype except for MTAP status. MTAP-negative A549 lung cancer cells were transfected with eukaryotic expression vectors encoding MTAP cDNA in sense and antisense orientations. The resultant stable transfectomas were treated with inhibitors of de novo purine synthesis such as methotrexate, 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate, and L-alanosine and by methionine depletion. The A549 cells transfected with an antisense construct (antisense transfectoma) expressed no MTAP protein and were more sensitive to both purine and methionine depletion than were cells expressing MTAP protein (sense transfectoma). Methylthioadenosine was able to completely rescue the sense transfectoma but not the antisense transfectoma from growth inhibition by depletion of purine and methionine. These results prove that MTAP deficiency contributes directly to the sensitivity of cancer cells to purine or methionine depletion. Inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, combined with methionine depletion in the presence of methylthioadenosine, is a highly selective treatment for MTAP-negative cancers.
Permissible Observability Relations in FSM Networks

Previous attempts to capture the phenomenon of output don't care sequences for a component in an FSM network have been incomplete. We demonstrate that output don't care sequences for a component can be expressed using a set of observability relations given that its state transition function is kept unchanged. Each observability relation is permissible in the sense that any implementation compatible with one of them is feasible. The representation for a set of permissible observability relations is not unique. We provide a method to find a set with the minimum number of permissible relations. We briefly discuss the exploitation of permissible observability relations in state minimization, circuit implementation and signal encoding. We have implemented these methods and present some preliminary results on a few small artificially constructed examples.
Atypical mycobacterial infection in insulin injection sites.

A 65-year-old man with longstanding type 2 diabetes on subcutaneous insulin therapy presented with multiple abdominal wall abscesses. The abscesses were drained and he received 1 week’s course of co-amoxiclav based on tissue culture which grew Serratia marcescens . However, similar lesions recurred over the next 3 months. He did not have fever and was otherwise well. Glycaemic control was suboptimal (HbA1c 64–75 mmol/mol). Examination showed multiple …
Photonic crystal optical limiting filter

An optically tunable narrowband reflectance filter is fabricated on a plastic substrate over large surface areas using nanoreplica molding. The reflection peak wavelength was tuned -25 nm using an optically active azobenzene liquid crystal film.
WebSob: A Tool for Robustness Testing of Web Services

Web services are a popular way of implementing a service-oriented architecture. Testing can be used to help assure both the correctness and robustness of a web service. Because manual testing is tedious, tools are needed to automate test generation and execution for web services. This paper presents WebSob, a tool for automatically generating and executing web-service requests given a service provider's Web service description language (WSDL) specification. We have applied WebSob to freely available web services and our experiences show that WebSob can be used to quickly generate and execute web-service requests that may reveal robustness problems with no knowledge of the underlying web service implementation.
Wet soils in the North Carolina lower Coastal Plain

Mostsoils in the lower Coastal Plain are potentially “wet.” However, the wettest soils are usually those that are either next to major streams and estuaries or are on the interstream divides and broad flats. The soils next to streams are usually wet from water coming from higher elevations, and the soils on the interstream divides are wet because both surface and subsurface drainage is restricted. The largest areas of very poorly drained soils are those on the interstream divides. The degree of wetness is the main factor determining the characteristics of the soils found at a particular location. Deep organics (Typic Medisaprists) are located on sites that have historically been the wettest. As the soils became progressively drier, shallow organic soils (Terric Medisaprists), mineral soils with a Histic epipedon (organic surface) and mineral soils are found. The location and type of soil are both important factors influencing value of the land for development purposes and for water quality preservation. The poorly drained soils immediately adjacent to streams or estuaries are much more valuable for water quality purposes than those located some distance from important water bodies. Organic soils have the greatest potential for denitrification but very low capacity for phosphorus sorption.
Enhanced-discretization selective stabilization procedure (EDSSP)

The enhanced-discretization selective stabilization procedure (EDSSP) provides a multiscale framework for applying numerical stabilization selectively at different scales. The EDSSP is based on the enhanced-discretization, multiscale function space concept underlying the enhanced- discretization successive update method (EDSUM). The EDSUM is a multi-level iteration method designed for computation of the flow behavior at small scales. It has a built-in mechanism for transferring flow information between the large and small scales in a fashion consistent with the discretizations resulting from the underlying stabilized formulations. This is accomplished without assuming that the small-scale trial or test functions vanish at the borders between the neighboring large-scale elements of the enhanced-discretization zones. This facilitates unrestricted movement of small-scale flow patterns from one large-scale element to another without any constraints at the border between the two elements. The enhanced-discretization concept underlying the EDSUM can also facilitate using different stabilizations for equations or unknowns corresponding to different scales. In this paper we propose a version of the EDSSP where the SUPG and PSPG stabilizations are used for unknowns corresponding to both the large and small scales but the discontinuity-capturing stabilizations are used for unknowns corresponding to only the small scales. We also propose a version where a linear discontinuity-capturing is used for the small-scale unknowns and a nonlinear discontinuity-capturing is used for the large-scale unknowns. We evaluate the performances of these versions of the EDSSP with test problems governed by the advection–diffusion equations.
Iterative Proportional Fitting Procedure to Determine Bus Route Passenger Origin-Destination Flows

The advent of automatic passenger counter (APC) technologies is resulting in the collection of comprehensive boarding and alighting data on an ongoing basis across transit networks. The availability of APC data offers a new opportunity to determine origin-destination (O-D) flows on a frequent and comprehensive basis. In this paper, the performance of a simple procedure for route-level O-D flow determination requiring only boarding and alighting data is investigated. Specifically, the performance of the iterative proportional fitting (IPF) procedure used with a null base matrix is examined on the basis of a field experiment in which true O-D flows are observed. Because of the noninformative nature of the null matrix, using the IPF procedure with the null matrix as its input base may not be expected to produce good results. In a comparison of empirical results with those produced by other benchmark procedures, the IPF-null procedure is found to perform surprisingly well. The quality of the resulting matrice...
'Goods, Chattels and Sundry Items': Constructing 19th-Century Anglo-Indian Domestic Life

One of the most common assumptions regarding the culture of British colonialism in India is that the Victorian ideal of separate spheres for men and women found an exaggerated expression in the separation of the colonial bungalow and camp/court. As marginal figures who often disturbed the masculine image and occupation of running an empire, the appropriate role of British women was limited to gracing the household, creating a semblance of ‘home’. This reading of British domestic life in India also assumes that the domestic ideology used in Britain to shape a distinction between public and private spheres was not only applicable in the colonial context, but was even more distinctly articulated. Through an examination of written documents describing Anglo-Indian life in Calcutta, housekeeping guides written by British women, house plans, and probate inventories of British residents of Calcutta, I argue that the model of domestic space was formulated on a fundamentally different premise, on an overlap of pub...
Values and Proenvironmental Behavior A Five-Country Survey

This multinational study examined the relationship between values, awareness of the consequences for environmental damage, ascribed responsibility, and proenvironmental behaviors. Survey data were collected from college students in Mexico (n = 187), Nicaragua (n = 78), Peru (n = 160), Spain (n = 187), and the United States (n = 345). Measures included items from Schwartz's values instrument, self-reported proenvironmental behaviors, ascribed responsibility, the New Environmental Paradigm, and demographics. Regression analyses revealed a positive relationship between items within self-transcendence (especially the environment-oriented items) and proenvironmental behavior in Mexico, Nicaragua, Spain, and the United States. Additional analyses provided partial support for the extension of Schwartz's model of norm-activation to proenvironmental behavior.
Pre-drift extension of the Atlantic margins of North America and Europe based on paths of Permo–Triassic apparent polar wander

SUMMARY We reconstruct the relative configuration of North America and Europe prior to separation using paths of apparent polar wander (APW) for the interval 300 to 200 Ma. The Bullard et al. (1965) reconstruction closely superimposes the 300 Ma points on the two APW paths but leaves the 200 Ma points far apart. Conversely, anomaly-based reconstructions for later times approximately superimpose the 200 Ma ends of the paths but leave the older ends far apart. This indicates that separation of the interiors of the two continents began during the interval 300 to 200 Ma, long before surficial rifting commenced in the late Mesozoic. This in turn requires pre-rift extension in the two continental margins. Extension appears to have occurred in two phases of approximately equal magnitude but significantly different direction; the change in direction occurred at about 200 Ma. The earlier (300 to 200 Ma) episode of extension appears to have involved a strong element of sinistral shear. Based on our preferred reconstruction, the total amount of pre-rift extension of the two continental margins may have been as much as 1400 km.
Relative risk of myelodysplastic syndromes in patients with autoimmune disorders in the General Practice Research Database.

Abstract Background: Certain immunosuppressant drugs are known to increase the risk of myeloid neoplasms although it is unclear if underlying autoimmune disorder itself increases the risk of myeloid neoplasms. Methods : Using a nested case-control study in the General Practice Research Database (GPRD), we estimated the relative risk of myeloid neoplasms, specifically myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) in patients with autoimmune disorders compared with patients without autoimmune disorders. Results : We identified 849 cases of MDS and 3417 matched controls. There was a slightly increased risk of MDS in patients with any autoimmune disorder (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1, 2.0), which was limited to patients diagnosed over 10 years prior to the index date (adjusted OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.4, 3.2). The elevated odds ratios of MDS were present in both untreated patients and patients who had a record of receiving multiple treatments. Conclusion : There was a modestly increased risk of MDS was in patients with a history of autoimmune disorder. However, it is difficult to determine whether autoimmune disorders increased the risk of MDS, or whether the small elevation in the risk estimate was an artifact of misdiagnosis resulting from early MDS symptoms similar to those of autoimmune disorders. Impact : These findings may indicate the increased need for MDS screening in patients with autoimmune disease, and further research regarding MDS etiology.
On Cellular Cloud Patterns. Part 2: Laboratory Model

Abstract In a mathematical model (presented in Part 1), an unstable lapse rate β and a uniform vertical velocity w0 were imposed upon a horizontal layer of fluid between two porous boundaries. The stability of the nonlinear solutions was investigated, and it was shown that rolls would be stable if w0 were sufficiently small and β sufficiently large, while hexagons would be stable if w0 were sufficiently large and β sufficiently small. Furthermore, the direction of flow in the hexagons (related to the question of open or closed cellular cloud patterns) depends upon the sign of w0. The validity of these results is tested in laboratory experiments in which measurements were made of the Rayleigh number, heat flux, vertical velocity, plan form and cell size. Hexagons and rolls are indeed found to be the realized flow in the respective ranges of parameters in which they were theoretically predicted to be stable. Their occurrence is mapped on a regime diagram. The dependence of the direction of flow in hexagons ...
Identification of Targetable Kinase Alterations in Patients with Colorectal Carcinoma That are Preferentially Associated with Wild-Type RAS/RAF

Targeted therapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma consists of anti-EGFR therapy for patients with RAS/RAF wild-type tumors. However, the response rate remains low, suggesting the presence of alternative drivers possibly also representing potential therapeutic targets. We investigated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) alterations and MAP2K1 ( MEK1 ) mutations in a large cohort of colorectal carcinoma patients studied by Memorial Sloan Kettering-Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets and The Cancer Genome Atlas, focusing on amplifications, fusions, and hotspot mutations in RTK genes and MAP2K1 . RTK gene amplifications were confirmed with FISH and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Among 751 colorectal carcinoma cases with next-generation sequencing data, 7% and 1% of colorectal carcinoma harbored RTK alterations and MAP2K1 hotspot mutations ( n = 7), respectively. RTK-altered cases had fewer concurrent RAS/RAF mutations ( P = 0.003) than RTK/ MAP2K1 wild-type colorectal carcinoma. MAP2K1 -mutated colorectal carcinoma showed no RAS/RAF mutations. ERBB2 ( n = 32) and EGFR ( n = 13) were the most frequently altered RTKs, both activated by amplification and/or hotspot mutations. Three RTK fusions were identified: NCOA4 - RET , ERBB2 - GRB7 , and ETV6 - NTRK3 . Only 1 of 6 patients with an RTK or MAP2K1 alteration who received anti-EGFR and/or anti-ERBB2 therapy demonstrated stable disease; the rest progressed immediately. Overall, RTK alterations and MAP2K1 mutations occur in approximately 8% of colorectal carcinoma. In spite of the usual absence of RAS/RAF mutations, response to anti-EGFR and/or anti-ERBB2 therapy was poor in this limited group. Larger studies are warranted to further define these kinase alterations as novel therapeutic targets in colorectal carcinoma and as negative predictors of response to anti-EGFR therapy. Implications: Targetable kinase alterations were identified in a subset of advanced colorectal carcinoma patients, preferentially associated with wild-type RAS/RAF, and may predict poor response to standard anti-EGFR therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 14(3); 296–301. ©2015 AACR .
The Jewish impact on the social and economic manifestation of the Gibraltarian identity

iv Acknowledgments v Introduction 1 Chapter One: Gibraltar in Antiquity 15 Chapter Two: The Inception of British Rule: 38 Chapter Three: Examining the Newly Arriving Immigrants to understand the full Integration of the Jews in the Gibraltarian Social Identity 80 Conclusion 98 Sources 100
The relationship between foot arch measurements and walking parameters in children

Walking mechanics are influenced by body morphology. Foot arch height is one aspect of body morphology central to walking. However, generalizations about the relationship between arch height and walking are limited due to previous methodologies used for measuring the arch and the populations that have been studied. To gain the knowledge needed to support healthy gait in children and adults, we need to understand this relationship in unimpaired, typically developing children and adults using dynamic measures. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between arch height and gait in a sample of healthy children and adults using dynamic measures. Data were collected from 638 participants (n = 254 children and n = 384 adults) at the Museum of Science, Boston (MOS) and from 18 4- to 8-year-olds at the Motor Development and Motor Control Laboratories. Digital footprints were used to calculate two arch indices: the Chippaux-Smirak (CSI) and the Keimig Indices (KI). The height of the navicular bone was measured. Gait parameters were captured with a mechanized gait carpet at the MOS and three-dimensional motion analyses and in-ground force plates in the Motor Development and Motor Control Laboratories. Linear regression analyses on data from the MOS confirmed that as age increases, step length increases. With a linear mixed effect regression model, we found that individuals who took longer steps had higher arches as measured by the KI. However, this relationship was no longer significant when only adults were included in the model. A model restricted to children found that amongst this sample, those with higher CSI and higher KI values take longer relative step lengths. Data from the Motor Development and Motor Control Laboratories showed that both CSI and KI added to the prediction; children with lower anterior ground reaction forces had higher CSI and higher KI values. Arch height indices were correlated with navicular height. These results suggest that more than one measure of the arch may be needed elucidate the relationship between arch height and gait.