cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Statistically controlled evaluation of three methods of management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a progress report.

It is difficult, if not impossible, to decide on the basis of data heretofore available which of the various methods of management of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is the most satisfactory. The magnitude of the problem has been particularly impressed upon us by the frequency with which it is faced in the 500 general medical and surgical beds of the University Divi­ sion at the Kings County Hospital. Recourse to the literature has failed to provide a conclusive answer. Most of the reports give information concerning only the results of the emergency treatment by the methods under consideration, and very few deal at all with long-term follow-ups. Perhaps the most distressing factor in trying to resolve this problem from the literature is that there seems to be no agreement among authors as to the criteria for the definition of massive hemorrhage. Obviously, the mortality rates reported by authors who select only very severe bleeders for study will be higher than those reported by authors who report the results from treating all bleeders. Even though there were to be general adoption of a standard set of criteria for determining the severity of bleeding in these cases, other factors make comparison of data from multiple sources dangerous. This was shown clearly in the studies of Mayo and Owens! and of Bock et al.,2 in which they showed that the results they obtained in private hospitals were superior to the results they obtained in charity institutions. In addition, observations which are not simultaneous are suspect because of the consistent advances being made in the field of medicine, such as the coming of the antibiotics, organization of blood banks, better knowledge of surgical physiology, etc. Still another factor of importance is the makeup of the concerned personnel and also the enthusiasm and care which its members contribute to the problem. The aim of the present study is to evaluate three prominent methods of management of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, with avoidance of the pitfalls indicated above. The severity of hemorrhage has been determined
Early Management of Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock in the Surgical Patient

Despite advances in surgical critical care, sepsis continues to be a common and serious problem. It is currently the leading cause of death in noncardiac intensive care units (ICUs) and the tenth leading cause of death in the United States [1]. It is estimated that in the United States, there are greater than 1.1 million cases of sepsis per year [2] at an annual cost of $24.3 billion [3]. The incidence of sepsis among hospitalized patients continues to increase as the population ages. The current incidence of severe sepsis among hospitalized patients in the United States is 208 cases/100,000 patients [4] with an associated mortality rate of greater than 30 % [5]. But subsequent studies have shown this estimate to be low, with increases in sepsis rates subsequently reported to be as high as 10 % per year [6, 7]. These epidemiologic studies document that severe sepsis remains a major challenge and an increasing burden on healthcare systems worldwide.
CT, MR, and Pathology in HIV Encephalitis and Meningitis

The value and limitations of CT and MR in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the brain was determined by a retrospective analysis of the CT scans (22) and MR images (7) in 22 patients with pathologically proved HIV encephalitis (21) or meningitis (1). Our clinical-radiologic-pathologic correlation suggested that, especially in the early stages of the disease, CT and MR were relatively insensitive in detecting the primary changes of HIV encephalitis. The multiple bilateral diffuse microscopic glial nodules with multinucleated giant cells of HIV found at autopsy in both gray and white matter were usually not directly visualized by either CT or MR. Secondary, nonspecific changes, however, were seen. These included cortical atrophy, found in virtually all patients with HIV encephalitis, and HIV-induced foci of demyelination found in the minority of cases. On CT the latter were seen in the white matter as nonenhancing, non-mass-producing areas of low density; on MR they were seen as frequently progressive high-intenSity signal abnormalities on T2-weighted images, usually in the periventricular white matter and centrum semiovale. MR was more sensitive in detecting these demyelinative lesions than was CT. The clinical diagnosis of HIV encephalitis usually antedated the radiographic diagnosis. In HIV meningitis, contrast CT was more definitive than MR, showing striking enhancement of the subarachnoid spaces, although MR was more sensitive in detecting the secondary parenchymal changes.
Unprecedented W2(0) quadruply bonded complex supported by π-donor ligands

A quadruply bonded complex W2(DippF)2K2 with a W2(0) core was synthesized and structurally characterized. The observed W-W distance of 2.407(1) A and DFT calculations are consistent to the unprecedented electronic structure in D(2h) symmetry of σ(2)π(2)π(2)δ(2)δ(2)δ*(2) where the HOMO is the δ* orbital.
APOGEE: a tool for automated grading programming projects

This automated grading tool, APOGEE, implemented a trial-and-failure learning strategy. The idea is simple: given a sophisticated course project, let students try project submissions as many times as they want before the project deadline. For each submission, a thorough inspection is performed by an automated grading system called APOGEE. A student project has to accomplish not only the functional requirements but also many desired quality attributes such as robustness and security. A grading report is generated instantly within several minutes. The report starts with a summary, e.g., the grade and timestamp. Then the report contains an itemized list of test cases. The running results of test cases are classified into two categories: the passed and the failed. For each test case, clicking the corresponding link redirects a viewer to the test case report. This workshop provides an opportunity for educators to explore the automated grading tool and discuss requirements for its implementation in their colleges/universities. A general Trial-and-Failure approach in teaching of programming classes will be discussed [1]. The authors will present an Automated Grading Tool - APOGEE, which is based on the mentioned above approach [2]-[5]. This tool was developed with support of the NSF Grant (DUE-0836859, 0837275, and 0837020 - Collaborative Research: A Trial-and-Failure Project Tutoring System) and currently implemented in nine universities and colleges. APOGEE consists of five major components: (1) a class management module, (2) a project specification tool for instructors to create test cases, (3) a grading engine that invokes the WatiN library for evaluating student projects, (4) a back-end database, and (5) a project report generator. At this moment, APOGEE grades web programming projects only. The participants, during the workshop, will be able to run APOGEE on the virtual labs, located in Hofstra or Georgia Southwestern State University. The students, research assistants, will help to set it up and run APOGEE; hands on materials will be distributed as well, APOGEE is a free tool and can be downloaded along with the instructor and student manuals from the following website [6].
Radiative heat conductances between dielectric and metallic parallel plates with nanoscale gaps

Near field-based enhancements in radiative heat conductance that exceed far-field limits by orders of magnitude are demonstrated by manipulating the gap size between plane-parallel dielectric and metallic plates with nanometre precision. Recent experiments1,2,3,4 have demonstrated that radiative heat transfer between objects separated by nanometre-scale gaps considerably exceeds the predictions of far-field radiation theories5. Exploiting this near-field enhancement is of great interest for emerging technologies such as near-field thermophotovoltaics and nano-lithography6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 because of the expected increases in efficiency, power conversion or resolution in these applications7,11. Past measurements, however, were performed using tip-plate or sphere-plate configurations and failed to realize the orders of magnitude increases in radiative heat currents predicted from near-field radiative heat transfer theory9,14. Here, we report 100- to 1,000-fold enhancements (at room temperature) in the radiative conductance between parallel-planar surfaces at gap sizes below 100 nm, in agreement with the predictions of near-field theories9,14. Our measurements were performed in vacuum gaps between prototypical materials (SiO2–SiO2, Au–Au, SiO2–Au and Au–Si) using two microdevices and a custom-built nanopositioning platform15, which allows precise control over a broad range of gap sizes (from <100 nm to 10 μm). Our experimental set-up will enable systematic studies of a variety of near-field-based thermal phenomena16,17,18, with important implications for thermophotovoltaic applications7,19,20, that have been predicted but have defied experimental verification.
DataMobile: Smartphone Travel Survey Experiment

An experiment that used an application of a pragmatic smartphone travel survey developed to minimize respondent burden while collecting primarily passive data between destinations is described; inv...
Advertising Ratios Planned by Large-Scale Advertisers

1 The data upon which this study rests were obtained by the writer from the Association of National Advertisers. The Association of National Advertisers is a service organization which numbers among its members many of the large-scale advertisers in the United States. The data to be discussed were submitted by the membership as confidential. The writer is under agreement to preserve the anonymity of the individual firms. In compliance with this agreement, data will be presented only in summary groupings. It should be added, to the credit of ANA in its relations with its members, that the original data were turned over to the writer with the individual firm represented by code number only. It has thus been possible to collate information firm by firm without, however, having ANA violate the confidence of its members. tactics is the creation of profit. Advertising expenditure represents the diversion of a part of current revenues to the generation of further revenue. The propor ion of revenues thus diverted may therefore be used as a measure of the extent to which various firms rely upon advertising in their selling efforts. It is a b tter measure than absolute outlay, since it takes into account, firm by firm, the varying size of the revenue stream from which the advertising expenditure is drawn.
“Fighting for Our Share of the American Pie” The 1985 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel Strike

This article analyzes the 1985 Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel strike and places it in the context of the declining American steel industry and deteriorating relationship between the steel companies and the United Steelworkers of America. Within the hostile 1980s economic and political climate, steelworkers at Wheeling-Pitt unleashed a repertoire of bargaining tactics that would help them achieve at least some of their demands while preventing the company's liquidation. Besides exploring the reasons why steelworkers struck a bankrupt company and how they secured their demands, the article demonstrates how the strike offered new strategies for negotiating with capital at a time when unions' options were severely limited.
An improved colorimetric enzymatic assay of ceruloplasmin

Abstract An improved colorimetric enzymatic assay of ceruloplasmin is described in detail. The conditions of the test provide an optimal combination of technical simplicity with precision and reliability of results. The values obtained compare favorably with those obtained by independent methods. Possible application of ceruloplasmin determination as a clinical screening test is discussed.
Dynamic Viscoelastic Fracture

A semi-infinite crack in an infinite material body provides a canonical model with which to study the local crack-tip behavior of propagating cracks that avoids complicated analytical details arising in the consideration of finite length cracks in bounded bodies. Moreover, semi-infinite crack problems frequently admit analytical solutions with which one can examine precisely the behavior of relevant fracture parameters and calibrate alternative numerical schemes which must be employed in more complicated settings for which analytical solutions are not obtainable. These five chapters present analytical solution methods and results for a variety of dynamic, semi-infinite crack models within the context of linear viscoelasticity theory. In the introductory chapter, the general framework for constructing solutions to these semi-infinite crack problems is presented along with a discussion of the physical settings in which classical quasi-static analyses for elastic material models prove inadequate and which motivate the consideration of inertial effects and material viscoelasticity. The remaining chapters present detailed solutions to various canonical problems for both anti-plane shear and plane strain modes of deformation, and under both steady-state and transient crack propagation conditions. In particular, chapters 4 and 5 contain a description of a recently developed method for constructing solutions to dynamically accelerating, semi-infinite, anti-plane shear crack problems in viscoelastic material, and the result of applying the method to the case of an Achenbach-Chao material model.
Fiction That Is True: Trollope and Politics

Of all his literary creations, Trollope loved the Pallisers most. In his Autobiography (written mostly 1875–6; published posthumously 1883) he describes the string of characters who inhabit the Palliser novels as “the best I ever made” and the novels in which they appear as “the best work of my life” (p. 155). He always had a special tenderness for these novels. And it is true that they represent the peak of his achievement — his widest canvas, his broadest range, his surest touch. The Barset novels, entertaining as they are, lean heavily upon caricature and farce. As tragedy is of higher seriousness than comedy, so the Palliser novels rather than the novels of Barchester represent Trollope’s magnum opus.
“The Intricate Evasions of as”: History’s Duplicities in Stevens’s “An Ordinary Evening in New Haven”

In the course of “Auroras of Autumn,” Stevens comes to “feel afraid” of his own appropriations, the violations that resulted in the explosions “flaring on the frame / Of everything he is” (p. 417). In “An Ordinary Evening in New haven,” Stevens acts on those fears. his project is to find “the thing apart” (p. 465) from the “thing as idea” (p. 295) he relished in “So-and-So Reclining on her Couch” Abandoning the frame with its “apparition[s]” (p. 295) of repressed seizures and “mechanism[s]” (p. 295) of poetic determinism, the Stevens of “An Ordinary Evening in New haven” struggles to work out an alternative to the oxymoronic “solid space” of the earlier poem. he finds it by redefining the reality of the “solid”: It is not in the premise that reality Is a solid. It may be a shade that traverses A dust, a force that traverses a shade. (p. 489) In order to get to the newly interpreted real at the end, Stevens begins with an attempt to break free from “the origin of a mother tongue” (p. 470) he inherits from the patriarchal language of “th[e] form[s]” (p. 470) of desire, with their “inescapable romance” and “inescapable choice / of dreams” (p. 468). The “romance” of the “romance” looms in its infinite deferrals. Satisfaction is always just beyond reach.
Different doublecortin (DCX) patient alleles show distinct phenotypes in cultured neurons: evidence for divergent loss-of-function and off-pathway cellular mechanisms.

Doublecortin on the X-chromosome (DCX) is a neuronal microtubule-binding protein with a multitude of roles in neurodevelopment. In humans, DCX is a major genetic locus for X-linked lissencephaly. The best studied defects are in neuronal migration during corticogenesis and in the hippocampus, as well as axon and dendrite growth defects. Much effort has been directed at understanding the molecular and cellular bases of DCX-linked lissencephaly. The focus has been in particular on defects in microtubule assembly and bundling, using knock-out mice and expression of WT and mutant Dcx in non-neuronal cells. Dcx also binds other proteins besides microtubules, such as spinophilin (abbreviated spn; gene name Ppp1r9b protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 9b) and the clathrin adaptors AP-1 and AP-2. Even though many non-sense and missense mutations of Dcx are known, their molecular and cellular defects are still only incompletely understood. It is also largely unknown how neurons are affected by expression of DCX patient alleles. We have now characterized several patient DCX alleles (DCX-R89G, DCX-R59H, DCX-246X, DCX-272X, and DCX-303X) using a gain-of-function dendrite growth assay in cultured rat neurons in combination with the determination of molecular binding activities and subcellular localization in non-neuronal and neuronal cells. First, we find that several mutants (Dcx-R89G and Dcx-272X) were loss-of-function alleles (as had been postulated) but surprisingly acted via different cellular mechanisms. Second, one allele (Dcx-R59H) formed cytoplasmic aggregates, which contained Hspa1B (heat shock protein 1B hsp70) and ubiquitinated proteins, trapped other cytoskeletal proteins, including spinophilin, and led to increased autophagy. This allele could thus be categorized as "off-pathway"/possibly neomorph. Our findings thus suggested that distinct DCX alleles caused dysfunction by different mechanisms.
Introduction: Ratings, Rating Agencies and the Global Financial System: Summary and Policy Implications

In this introductory chapter, we begin with a brief overview of the issues that have motivated our research into the role of credit ratings and credit rating agencies in the global financial system. We then summarize the main themes in each of the papers and highlight the major findings. In the final section, we suggest several policy implications and conclusions that can be drawn from this research.
Loads and movement speed affect energy expenditure during circuit resistance exercise

Circuit resistance training (CT) constitutes a high-intensity interval program commonly used to target weight loss; however, the loads and exercise patterns that maximize energy expenditure (EE) remain undetermined. We examined differences in EE among CT protocols using varying loads and contraction speeds in recreationally trained males and females. Seven males (age, 21.1 ± 0.5 years) and 8 females (age, 20.0 ± 0.9 years) performed 3 randomized CT protocols incorporating 3 circuits using heavy-load (80% 1-repetition maximum (1RM)) explosive (HLEC), heavy-load, controlled (2 s) (HLCC), and moderate-load (50% 1RM) explosive contractions (MLEC). Expired air was collected continuously before, during, and after exercise. Blood lactate was collected at rest, immediately postexercise, and 5 min postexercise. No significant differences were detected for resting EE; however, there was a significant difference among conditions during exercise (p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.229). Post hoc analysis revealed that MLEC produced significantly higher EE than HLCC, but not HLEC (p = 0.023). There was a significant difference among conditions for rate of EE during exercise (p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.361). Post hoc analysis revealed that HLEC produced a significantly higher EE rate than HLCC (p = 0.012) or MLEC (p = 0.001). A condition × sex interaction was seen for blood lactate changes (ηp2 = 0.249; p = 0.024). Females produced significantly greater change for MLEC than HLEC (p = 0.011), while males showed no significant differences. Our results favor CT using MLEC for a higher EE during a full workout; however, the rate of EE was highest when using HLEC.
Care Coordination and Comprehensive Electronic Health Records are Associated With Increased Transition Planning Activities.

Abstract Objective Youth with special health care needs (YSHCN) require assistance from their pediatricians to transition to adult care. There are few data on what transition resources pediatricians have. In this article we discuss whether care coordination and/or comprehensive electronic health record (CEHR) implementation are associated with improved transition processes. Methods Using the American Academy of Pediatrics Periodic Survey #79, we report whether practices generated written transition plans, assisted in finding adult providers, and discussed confidentiality issues. Descriptive statistics and a logistic regression model were done to evaluate whether CEHR, care coordination, or practice and physician characteristics were associated with improved transition planning. Results Transition planning support in practices is low. Pediatricians with any care coordinator report more written transition plans for YSHCN (23% vs 6%; P P P P P Conclusions Only 1 in 5 pediatricians have a transition coordinator in their practice and just 15% have a CEHR, even as these resources are associated with improved transition processes for YSHCN. Policy decisions should be made to help practices with supports, such as care coordination and electronic health record implementation, to improve transitions to adulthood.
To be Different or to be the Same? Examining Symbolic Performance of Embedded Partnerships

Collaborative partnerships are embedded within their community systems which usually have more than one partnerships working on the same issue; nevertheless, how partnership outcomes are influenced...
Comparison of the Substance Use Brief Screen (SUBS) to the AUDIT-C and ASSIST for detecting unhealthy alcohol and drug use in a population of hospitalized smokers

Hospitalized patients have high rates of unhealthy substance use, which has important impacts on health both during and after hospitalization, but is infrequently identified in the absence of screening. The Substance Use Brief Screen (SUBS) was developed as a brief, self-administered instrument to identify use of tobacco, alcohol, illicit drugs, and non-medical use of prescription drugs, and was previously validated in primary care patients. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of the SUBS in comparison to longer screening instruments to identify unhealthy and high-risk alcohol and drug use in hospitalized current smokers. Participants were 439 patients, aged 18 and older, who were admitted to either two urban safety-net hospitals in New York City and enrolled in a smoking cessation trial. We measured the performance of the SUBS for identifying illicit drug and non-medical use of prescription drugs in comparison to a modified Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and its performance for identifying excessive alcohol use in comparison to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test–Consumption (AUDIT-C). At the standard cutoff (response other than ‘never’ indicates a positive screen), the SUBS had a sensitivity of 98% (95% CI 95–100%) and specificity of 61% (95% CI 55–67%) for unhealthy alcohol use, a sensitivity of 85% (95% CI 80–90%) and specificity of 75% (95% CI 78–87%) for illicit drug use, and a sensitivity of 73% (95% CI 61–83%) and specificity of 83% (95% CI 78–87%) for prescription drug non-medical use. For identifying high-risk use, a higher cutoff (response of ‘3 or more days’ of use indicates a positive screen), the SUBS retained high sensitivity (77–90%), and specificity was 62–88%. The SUBS can be considered as an alternative to longer screening instruments, which may fit more easily into busy inpatient settings. Further study is needed to evaluate its validity using gold standard measures in hospitalized populations.
Integrating Regional Management Needs into a Mid-Atlantic Shorelines Research Project

We provide an example of how one estuarine research project engaged regional managers to help guide the research towards the needs of managers and policymakers dealing with shoreline management in the Mid-Atlantic region of the USA. Elements of the approach that contributed to success included a well-targeted initial request for proposals, a review process that included management input both as a review criterion and on the review panel, a careful process in choosing advisory members at the appropriate level in the agencies, regular opportunities for interactions between the management advisory group and the science team, and active involvement of a program manager as liaison throughout the life of the project. Engagement of a management advisory group changed some of the scientific approaches, helped to communicate results, and formed a foundation for incorporation into regional management and initiatives.
Using Occupational Titles to Convey an Individual's Location in Social Stratification Dimensions

Previous research using occupational titles to manipulate perceptions of social class and status has not routinely applied systematic identification criteria in establishing class-specific occupati...
Religious Pathways from Adolescence to Adulthood

Prior research suggests the significance of religion for development and wellbeing in adolescence and beyond. Further, new developments and applications of statistical methods have led to ways of better accounting for the multidimensional nature of religiosity (e.g. latent class analysis), as well as the dynamic aspects of religiosity (e.g. latent growth curve models). Yet, rarely if ever are both features of religiosity incorporated and examined together. Therefore, we propose and conduct a latent class analysis using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to identify seven distinct pathways of religiosity that involve independently changing levels of religious affiliation, religious service attendance, personal importance of religion, and prayer from adolescence to adulthood. We also show how individuals' religious pathways are related to gender, race, parents' education, their own education, and family formation experiences in the transition to adulthood. Our findings inform the study of how multiple dimensions of religiosity take shape across adolescence and the transition to adulthood, and suggest a new way for measuring the dynamics of religiosity in studies of the impact of religion across the life course.
“We Believed it to be honorable before God”: Religion in Enslaved Communities, 1840-1860

The dehumanization of African people in the United States began with their capture and the exploitation of their labor and bodies, which white people justified through the conviction of their inherent superiority. Collective religious passion was an effective defensive measure, but it did not prevent slaveholders from exploiting black labor. This paper will use testimonies and narratives to argue that religion in the South from 1840 – 1865 offered a social sphere within enslaved communities that relieved experiences of dehumanization under slavery. Although enslaved people did not always intend to challenge the institution of slavery, their actions demonstrated resistance to the objectives of slavery, especially their own dehumanization.
Physician-Assisted Death: What Everyone Needs to Know

Physician-Assisted Death is recommended for academic medical centers and hospital libraries. It can be useful to libraries or college courses as a textbook introduction that addresses ethics and pro and con arguments.
Enacting Effective Mentoring Behaviors: Development and Initial Investigation of the Cuboid of Mentoring

Our understanding of how to maximize the benefits of mentoring relationships for employee development has been limited by a vague understanding of what effective mentors are actually doing and how they are doing it. To begin to remedy this, we conducted one qualitative interview study of well-respected mentors to uncover the breadth and detail of their behaviors, and one quantitative study to see how a subset of these behaviors would be endorsed under two moderating conditions. Our qualitative study consisted of 28 interviews followed by detailed coding and analysis, and yielded a new framework of mentoring behaviors we named the cuboid of mentoring. This framework provides a rich set of behavioral statements that could be mined for research and practice purposes. Our quantitative investigation used a policy-capturing approach to investigate the extent to which experienced mentors endorsed mentoring objectives and behaviors under different conditions. This study showed that mentoring actions are purposeful, and the methodology demonstrates a paradigm for further study of boundary conditions of mentoring behaviors and supports conclusions from the qualitative study regarding how mentors think about the objectives and behaviors of mentoring.
Software Engineering: The Commercial Data Processor’s Needs

I represent that lowest common denominator of computing—the commercial data processing installation. Traditionally our systems have been relatively unsophisticated and so have our programmers; but now we are beginning to construct systems of greater complexity and we are feeling the need for better qualified people to make them work. But regardless of our degree of sophistication, it is organizations of this type that will provide the majority of jobs for people completing a University software engineering program. So even though our needs may seem trivial to more exotic users, they are important to us and consequently to many of the graduates of software engineering programs that the Universities establish.
MAXIMALLY CONCENTRATING OPTICS FOR SOLAR ELECTRICITY GENERATION

ABSTRACT A properly designed nonimaging secondary concentrator placed in the focal zone of a primary lens or paraboloidal mirror can concentrate the solar flux by an additional factor of 2 to 15 above that achievable by the primary alone. Such secondary elements belong to the family of phase-space preserving “ideal” concentrators which can be designed to achieve or closely approach the maximum concentration limit imposed by physical conservation laws. Separate experimental programs to develop advanced two stage concentrators for both solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity generation have recently been initiated in our laboratory. The new designs have unique features heretofore unattainable. The first of these designs uses a fresnel lens primary combined with totally internally reflecting Dielectric Compound Hyperbolic Concentrator secondaries. The second is a facetted paraboloidal primary combined with a Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC).
“A Quiet Untold Story of Profound Need”: The Activism, Partnerships and Advocacy of First Lady Michelle Obama, Second Lady Dr. Jill Biden and Military Families

This essay examines First Lady Michelle Obama’s activism, partnerships and advocacy by “Joining Forces” with local, state and federal agencies and institutions to effect substantial changes in the lives of US military veterans. By partnering with Second Lady Dr. Jill Biden, both women cultivated strong networks to garner support and mobilize coalitions within the private and public sector to have a direct impact on the lives of military men, women and children.
Utilization Outcomes of a Pilot Primary Care Team Redesign

Objectives:To evaluate the effect of a team-based primary care redesign on primary care, emergency department (ED) and urgent care (UC) utilization, and new patient access to primary care.Study Des...
Mixing patterns and individual differences in networks

We study mixing patterns in networks, meaning the propensity for nodes of different kinds to connect to one another. The phenomenon of assortative mixing, whereby nodes prefer to connect to others that are similar to themselves, has been widely studied, but here we go further and examine how and to what extent nodes that are otherwise similar can have different preferences. Many individuals in a friendship network, for instance, may prefer friends who are roughly the same age as themselves, but some may display a preference for older or younger friends. We introduce a network model that captures this behavior and a method for fitting it to empirical network data. We propose metrics to characterize the mean and variation of mixing patterns and show how to infer their values from the fitted model, either using maximum-likelihood estimates of model parameters or in a Bayesian framework that does not require fixing any parameters.
Abstract 363: Platelet Mass Retraction is a Negative Feedback Regulator of Thrombin Generation and Activity

Endogenous anticoagulants, including antithrombin III, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, and activated protein C (aPC) provide a biochemical means to inhibit thrombin generation and/or activity. In ...
Dynamic Characteristics Calculation of Permanent Magnetic Swing Angle Torque Motor Based on Transient Finite Element Method

The finite element magnetic field numerical calculation method is widely used in motor structure design and performance analysis due to its high calculation accuracy and versatility. The permanent magnet swing angle torque motor is studied in this paper which applied to high voltage circuit breaker. Firstly, the topological structure and equivalent circuit equation of coupling circuit are discussed for the permanent magnet swing angle torque motor during the opening and closing, established the field-path-motion coupling time-step finite element model of motor, analyzed the distribution of magnetic flux, magnetic density and air gap magnetic density at the closing position, maximum load and opening position, and calculated the dynamic parameters of motor. The results show that the permanent magnet swing angle torque motor can meet the operating requirements of circuit breaker. In the magnetic field analysis, the magnetic density of stator yoke is 2.5T, the average air gap magnetic density is 1.0T. In the dynamic parameters simulation, the average opening speed is 656r/min, the opening operation time is 33ms, the closing operation time is 40ms. It can provide a theoretical basis for the further research and development of motor.
Counter-stereotyped protagonists and stereotyped supporting casts: Identification with black characters and symbolic racism

While exposure to stereotyped minority characters reinforces prejudice, when viewers identify with counter-stereotyped characters prejudice tends to decrease. This study examines the juxtaposition ...
Nanoscale heat for organic transformations: a photothermally driven retro Diels–Alder reaction

We demonstrate the ability of photothermal heating by hexanethiol-protected gold nanoparticles to drive a retro Diels–Alder reaction in an 8.47 mM 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane solution of the adduct formed between furan and maleic anhydride. We find that the presence of the thiol-based protecting ligands of the nanoparticle acts as an inhibitor of the retro Diels–Alder reaction for the adduct, which creates an avenue for greater control over the reaction behavior. However, even in the presence of these inhibiting ligands, photothermal heating provides an estimated $$2.45 \times 10^7$$-fold enhancement of the instantaneous rate constant for this reaction, demonstrating the efficacy of photothermal heating in dilute organic solutions with ligand-protected particles.
Kyburg’s System of Probability

It is generally recognized that as a critical scholar in the areas of probability and induction Henry Kyburg has few peers. His appraisals of the different schools of thought in these areas are marked by a rare combination of deep understanding and critical balance. However, the nature and importance of his theoretical contributions to the foundations of inductive inference is not widely recognized. For example, virtually all students of Carnap’s work on inductive logic draw the conclusion that his progressive abandonment of the ambitious goal of his early program shows that it is not realizable, and that inductive logic can never be more than a highly formalized system of personal probability subject to a few weak constraints. This conclusion is not tenable in light of the fact that in broad outlines Kyburg’s system of inductive probability realizes the goal of the early program.2
Spontaneous Fission Half-Life of Am 2 4 2 m

The spontaneous-fission half-life for the odd-odd nucleus ${\mathrm{Am}}^{242m}$ has been measured by a prompt-neutron fission-fragment coincidence method to be (9.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$ years. A correlation of experimental spontaneous-fission half-life data for nuclei of all classes was found to be ${log}_{10}\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{-}(\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\frac{{Z}^{2}}{A})\ensuremath{\delta}M=\ensuremath{-}9.268(\frac{{Z}^{2}}{A})+374.0$, where $\ensuremath{\beta}$ takes the values 42.22, 40.67, and 40.40 for even-even, odd-$A$, and odd-odd nuclides, respectively, $\ensuremath{\tau}$ is the spontaneous-fission half-life in years, and $\ensuremath{\delta}M$ is the mass difference in milli-mass-units (mmu) between the values obtained from Green's smoothly varying mass formula and the experimentally measured values.
Diagnosis, Staging, Radiation Treatment Response Assessment, and Outcome Prognostication of Head and Neck Cancers Using PET Imaging: A Systematic Review

This systematic review summarizes the current applications of 18F-FDG PET imaging in the diagnosis, staging, radiation treatment response assessment, and outcome prognostication of head and neck cancers. For head and neck cancers of unknown primary origin, 18F-FDG PET/CT increases the likelihood of identifying the primary tumor and establishing the diagnosis. 18F-FDG PET/CT is important in the accurate staging of locoregionally advanced cases of HNSCC, which can greatly affect recommendations for treatment. Following definitive chemoradiation, 18F-FDG PET/CT is validated as a means of treatment response assessment. Emerging PET tracers of hypoxia and their potential applications are reviewed.
Teaching Robotics to Undergraduate Computer Science Students: A different approach

This paper explores a novel structure for a course, which we call “Multi-Semester, Multi-Cohort”. The course structure is framed around a long-term vision across multiple semesters, with different groups of students each semester. We know that the vision is ambitious and that it will take more than one semester to achieve. As a result, the students working on the project will be different every semester. While this model can be used in a variety of applied disciplines, the course in this instance is in Robotics. This model has some very interesting benefits but raises unique challenges. In this paper we will explain our motivation for using this structure, details of the curriculum and pedagogical approach to it, including admission criteria, course schedule, scaffolding, assessment and report on our experiences, including what went well and what we need to improve.
Biological causal beliefs and depression stigma: the moderating effects of first- and second-hand experience with depression

Background: Essentialist theory (ET) links biological attributions for mental illnesses to pessimistic prognostic beliefs and stigma. The commonsense model (CSM) provides a nuanced framework for st...
Fruit and Vegetable Incentive Programs for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants: A Scoping Review of Program Structure.

The low intake of fruits/vegetables (FV) by Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants is a persistent public health challenge. Fruit and vegetable incentive programs use inducements to encourage FV purchases. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify structural factors in FV incentive programs that may impact program effectiveness, including (i.) differences in recruitment/eligibility, (ii.) incentive delivery and timing, (iii.) incentive value, (iv.) eligible foods, and (v.) retail venue. Additionally, the FV incentive program impact on FV purchase and/or consumption is summarized. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews, a search of four bibliographic databases resulted in the identification of 45 publications for consideration; 19 of which met the pre-determined inclusion criteria for full-length publications employing a quasi-experimental design and focused on verified, current SNAP participants. The data capturing study objective, study design, sample size, incentive program structure characteristics (participant eligibility and recruitment, delivery and timing of incentive, foods eligible for incentive redemption, type of retail venue), and study outcomes related to FV purchases/consumption were entered in a standardized chart. Eleven of the 19 studies had enrollment processes to receive the incentive, and most studies (17/19) provided the incentive in the form of a token, coupon, or voucher. The value of the incentives varied, but was usually offered as a match. Incentives were typically redeemable only for FV, although three studies required an FV purchase to trigger the delivery of an incentive for any SNAP-eligible food. Finally, most studies (16/19) were conducted at farmers’ markets. Eighteen of the 19 studies reported a positive impact on participant purchase and/or consumption of FV. Overall, this scoping review provides insights intended to inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of future FV incentive programs targeting SNAP participants; and demonstrates the potential effectiveness of FV incentive programs for increasing FV purchase and consumption among vulnerable populations.
Simulated cochlear-implant processing reveals major loss of acoustic information relevant to talkers voice quality differences

ABSTRACT The ability to discern variations in voice quality from speech is important for effective talker identification and robust speech processing; yet, little is known about how faithfully acoustic information relevant to variations in talkers’ voice quality is transmitted through a cochlear implant (CI) device. The present study analyzed unprocessed and CI-simulated versions of sustained /a/ vowel sounds from two groups of individuals with normal and disordered voice qualities in order to explore the effects of CI speech processing on acoustic information relevant for the distinction of voice quality. The CI-simulated voices were created by processing the vowel sounds along with 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 22-, and 32-channel noise-vocoders. The variations in voice quality for each voice sound was characterized by calculating mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). The effects of simulated CI speech processing on the acoustic distinctiveness between normal and disordered voices were then measured by calculating the Mahalanobis distance (MD) metric, as well as accuracy of support vector machines (SVMs) applied to MFCC features. The results showed that CI speech processing, as simulated by noise vocoding, is highly detrimental to the acoustic information involved in conveying voice quality distinctions. This supports the view that listeners with CIs will likely experience difficulties in perceiving voice quality variations due to the reduced spectral resolution, shedding light on challenges listeners with CIs may face for effective recognition and processing of talkers’ voices.
The role of weight bias and role-modeling in medical students' patient-centered communication with higher weight standardized patients.

Abstract Objective Patients with obesity may experience less patient-centered care. We assessed whether medical students’ implicit/explicit weight-related attitudes and perceptions of normative attitudes are associated with patient-centered care for patients with obesity. Methods Third and fourth year medical students (N = 111) at one medical school completed a survey and participated in a patient care scenario with a standardized patient with obesity. Encounters were coded for patient-centered behavior. Predictors of patient-centered behaviors were assessed. Results Student perceptions that negative attitudes about patients with obesity are normative in medical school were significantly associated with poorer patient-centered behaviors, including lower attentiveness (b=−0.19, p = 0.01), friendliness (b=−0.28, p Conclusions Negative normative attitudes and behaviors regarding obesity in the medical school environment may adversely influence the quality of patient-centered behaviors provided to patients with obesity. Practice implications Efforts to improve patient-centered communication quality among medical trainees may benefit from intervention to improve group normative attitudes about patients with obesity.
Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase in Isolated Cardiac Myocytes and Hepatocytes by Cytosolic Calcium

It is well established that the Ca2+ ion plays a central role as a mediator of excitationcontraction and stimulus-secretion coupling (see, e.g., Katz, 1970; Rasmussen, 1981). Per haps less well known is the role that this ion also plays in activating mitochondrial oxidation and thereby making available ATP at an increased rate to match the increased energy demands associated with contraction and secretion. This activation has been most clearly established for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Hansford and Chappell, 1967), pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase (Dentonet al., 1972; Pettitet al., 1972), NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase (Dentonet al., 1978), and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (McCormack and Denton, 1979). In the case of pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase, activation by micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ ions leads to the generation of an increased amount of the active, dephospho, form of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHA) (for reviews, see Hansford, 1980; Wieland, 1983). In the case of the other three dehydrogenases, activation is of an allosteric nature, and results in a decreasedK m for the substrate.
V-Type ATPase Mediates Airway Surface Liquid Acidification in Pig Small Airway Epithelial Cells.

In a newborn pig cystic fibrosis (CF) model, the ability of gland-containing airways to fight infection was affected by at least two major host-defense defects: impaired mucociliary transport and a...
Seeking input when the train has left the station: The decoupling of participative strategic decision-making processes and the role of new technology in symbolic management

We examine the symbolic management of participative strategic decision-making programs that purportedly use crowdsourcing technology to solicit strategic input below the executive suite, but are of...
FGF21-FGFR4 signaling in cardiac myocytes promotes concentric cardiac hypertrophy in mouse models of diabetes

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 21, a hormone that increases insulin sensitivity, has shown promise as a therapeutic agent to improve metabolic dysregulation. Here we report that FGF21 directly targets cardiac myocytes by binding β-klotho and FGF receptor (FGFR) 4. In combination with high glucose, FGF21 induces cardiac myocyte growth in width mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. While short-term FGF21 elevation can be cardio-protective, we find that in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in mice, where serum FGF21 levels are elevated, FGFR4 activation induces concentric cardiac hypertrophy. As T2D patients are at risk for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), we propose that induction of concentric hypertrophy by elevated FGF21-FGFR4 signaling constitutes a novel mechanism promoting T2D-associated HFpEF and that FGFR4 blockade might serve as a cardio-protective therapy in T2D. In addition, potential adverse cardiac effects of FGF21 mimetics currently in clinical trials should be investigated.
Tuberculous abscess invading aorta and duodenum with fatal gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

Summary The ninth case of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to perforation ofthe aorta into the gastrointestinal tract on a tuberculous basis is reported. The literature has been reviewed and diagnostic suggestions are made.