cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection of Primitive Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells: A Model for Latency.

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is beta-herpesvirus that infects the majority of the population worldwide and establishes a lifelong relationship with its host by way of a latent infection. Although, CMV is of little consequence to healthy individuals, reactivation of CMV from latency can cause life-threatening disease in immunocompromised individuals such as bone marrow transplant recipients and AIDS patients. CMV establishes a latent infection in cells of the hematopoietic system. The focus of our work is to elucidate the mechanisms governing a latent infection and reactivation from latency. It is likely that both viral and cellular mechanisms govern the latent program. We have developed a novel in vitro model for CMV latency using primary human hematopoietic progenitors. Using this model to compare CMV infection in CD34+ hematopoietic subpopulations, the outcome of CMV infection was found to depend on the nature of the subpopulation of cells infected. Only primitive CD34+/CD38− progenitor cells harboured an infection with the hallmarks of latency. This subpopulation transiently expressed a unique subset of CMV genes in the absence of viral replication. Importantly, viral replication could be reactivated from this subpopulation. Other primitive (CD34+/c-kit+) and more mature (CD34+/CD38+ and CD34+/c-kit−) subpopulations resulted in an apparently abortive infection. Strikingly, a CD34+ subpopulation expressing a stem cell phenotype supported a productive infection. These results indicate that cellular determinants contribute to the outcome of HCMV infection in hematopoietic cells. Further, we have also demonstrated that viral determinants play a role in establishing a latent infection using our in vitro model. Comparing the clinical Toledo and FIX strains and the laboratory-adapted AD169 strain of CMV, only the clinical strains were able to establish an infection consistent with latency. AD169, by contrast, replicated productively. Genetic sequences unique to clinical strains have been identified and may contribute to its ability to establish a latent infection in vitro. These studies indicate that both viral and cellular determinants contribute to the establishment of CMV latency. Furthermore, these determinants may serve as targets for CMV disease prophylaxis following bone marrow transplantation or in AIDS patients.
The enchantment of neoliberal education: a healthcare certificate, elusive Adulthoods, and a new middle class in Ghana

It is well-known that contemporary African youth struggle to attain adulthood, associated with a middle-class status. A healthcare certificate offered by private schools in Accra, Ghana provides an...
Examining Relation Formation Across Consistent and Conflicting Texts

When using the Internet to learn about complex topics or issues, students often encounter information that is both complementary and conflicting. Building on prior work identifying differences in h...
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Patient With SARS-CoV-2 and Epstein-Barr Virus

A 35-year-old female was admitted to the hospital for menorrhagia and fatigue. Initial labs revealed that the patient had severe thrombocytopenia and also tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main objective in this case is to describe the investigation that eventually led to a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in the setting of a SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and co-infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The majority of ITP cases are idiopathic and most are diagnosed and managed without hospital admission. Admission and careful management were warranted in this particular case. Interestingly, however, the patient did not have any respiratory complications associated with COVID-19. She was given 1 unit of platelets and subsequently received intravenous corticosteroids. Platelet counts improved and the patient was discharged with a course of oral prednisone. This case highlights the importance of understanding the differences between primary and secondary ITP.
Hybridized composite architecture for mitigation of non-penetrating ballistic trauma

Abstract Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHWMPE) fiber-based composites are employed in a variety of Soldier protection systems due to their impressive specific strength and elastic wave speed. However, as UHMWPE composites rely on their tenacity to decelerate the projectile impact, even in successfully arrested impacts issues arise with the blunt deformation trauma generated due to high deformation of the material into the Soldier. In this experiment, UHMWPE composite laminates employing two widely different laminate architectures, [0°/90°] and ARL X Hybrid, were evaluated to assess the effect of panel architecture on impact pressures generated in non-penetrating ballistic impact events. Panels were impacted with 7.62 mm lead core projectiles on a testing platform designed for the physics-based evaluation of BHBT of helmet materials. Composite panel deformation for the [0°/90°] configuration impacted the testing frame at velocities 2.2× higher than the ARL X Hybrid specimens, leading to a 526% higher average maximum pressure amplitude measured on the BHBT platform (45.5 ± 19.1 MPa and 7.3 ± 3.3 MPa for [0°/90°] and ARL X Hybrid, respectively), demonstrating the effectiveness of ARL X Hybrid in mitigating non-penetrating ballistic impact stress. The experiment has provided critical insight into non-penetrating small arms impact stresses and the role materials, materials processing, and materials design influence non-penetrating blunt trauma response.
Reducing Biotic and Abiotic Land-Use Legacies to Restore Invaded, Abandoned Citrus Groves

Land-use legacies associated with agriculture, such as increased soil fertility and elevated soil pH, promote invasions by non-native plant species on former agricultural lands. Restoring natural soil conditions (i.e. low fertility and low pH) may be an effective, long-term method to control and reduce the abundance of non-native and ruderal species that invade abandoned agricultural lands. In this study, we examined how soil manipulation treatments of lowering soil fertility with carbon additions and lowering soil pH by applying sulfur affect non-native and ruderal native plant species abundance in two former citrus groves in central Florida. Non-native plant biomass was removed by one of two methods (tilling or topsoil removal), and was combined with a soil amendment of sulfur, carbon, sulfur + carbon, or none. The biomass removal treatments significantly decreased non-native abundance, with topsoil removal as the most effective. Carbon additions did not affect soil fertility or vegetation. Sulfur and sulfur + carbon additions significantly decreased soil pH in both groves for at least 1 year post-treatment; however, we did not see a significant vegetation response. Overall, our results suggest that removing vegetation by tilling and topsoil removal is an effective method for reducing non-target species cover. Although we did not see a response of vegetation to our treatments, we were able to restore the initial soil characteristics, which can be a first step toward complete restoration.
Endocrine control of clutch size in reptiles ☆: VI. Patterns of FSH-induced ovarian stimulation in adult Anolis carolinensis

Abstract Hypophysectomized, adult Anolis carolinensis were treated with daily injections of either saline alone or with 1, 10, 50, or 100 μg of ovine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) for 7 or 14 days. Stimulatory effects of FSH were observed on ovarian and oviductal weights and number of oogonia, naked primary oocytes, primordial follicles and growing follicles. FSH also influenced the patterns of follicular yolking and atresia and the intraand interovarian follicular size hierarchies. However, no FSH dosage caused more than one primordial follicle to initiate growth at one time. Alternation in follicular size between ovaries begins when a growing follicle develops a theca and is not controlled by alternation of primordial follicle growth initiation. Polyovular primordial follicles and a stromal inflammatory-like response are also described. These results are discussed in reference to the six kinds of germ cell and follicular selection occurring in the ovaries of A. carolinensis .
Under the Boardwalk: Defining Meaningful Access to Publicly Funded Beach Replenishment Projects

Extending beaches seaward by adding sand through replenishment projects has become a common strategy for slowing the effects of erosion. As tons of sand are brought to the beaches, new land literally rises out of the water. Courts and state legislatures have invoked the public trust doctrine to vest title to this new land with the people, but questions remain as to how much public access must be provided to replenished beaches. New Jersey, North Carolina, and Florida are examined as three different approaches to applying the public trust doctrine and providing public access to replenished beaches.
Regulatory potential of nonautonomous mariner elements and subfamily crosstalk.

Two naturally occurring nonautonomous mariner elements were tested in vivo for their ability to down-regulate excision of a target element in the presence of functional mariner transposase. The tested elements were the peach element isolated from Drosophila mauritiana, which encodes a transposase that differs from the autonomous element Mosl in four amino acid replacements, and the DTBZ1 element isolated from D. teissieri, which encodes a truncated protein consisting of the first 132 residues at the amino end of the normally 345-residue transposase. We provide evidence that the protein from the peach element does interact to down-regulate wildtype transposase, indicating that at least some nonautonomous elements in natural populations that retain their open reading frame may play a regulatory role. In contrast, our tests reveal at most a weak interaction between transposase from the autonomous Mosl element and the truncated protein from DTBZ1, and none between Mosl transposase and that from the distantly related mariner-like element Himar1 identified in the horn fly Haematobia irritans. Hence, the extent of regulatory crosstalk between mariner-like elements may be limited to closely related ones. The evolutionary implications of these results are discussed.
A TERATOMA-LIKE MASS ON THE PLACENTA OF A MALFORMED INFANT.

out according to the Sturmdorf method, about 0.5 cm. on the left of the starting point. The suture is tightened as strongly as possible and both ends are tied together tightly (Fig. 2). The suture begins and ends, therefore, like Sturmdorf’s. The described operation, simple in principle as well as in execution, has been performed by me upon 30 patients with good cosmetic results. The above modification is especially useful at more or less high divisions of the cervix. Of incidental importance is the ligation of the desrendiq rami of the uterine artery before the vaginal portion is amputated, and later the ligation or cauterization of any opened blood vessels that may be bleeding.
Erosion Related Changes to Physicochemical Properties of Ultisols Distributed on Calcareous

Water induced soil erosion, relating to improper land management, is a serious land degradation problem in Ultisols that results in rill and gully erosion. The extent of land degradation depends largely on the severity of erosion, which modifies the soil’s physical and chemical properties. A detailed understanding of eroded soil properties is essential for assessment of future land management and soil-water conservation. The aim of this research is to evaluate the changes in physico-chemical and mineralogical properties of ultisols associated with gully erosion in East Tennessee. The study area is located in the southern Appalachian Valley and Ridge province, where a thick sequence of red colored clay rich soil (soil series is the Collegedale-Etowah complex) is found on dolomite and limestone bedrock. Four one-meter long soil cores and fifty-two bulk samples were collected from sites of active gully erosion (two cores) and from adjacent non-gullied soil (two cores). The physico-chemical properties assessed for each sample included clay mineralogy using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) methods, pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, particle size distribution (PSD), Atterburg limits, bulk density, moisture content, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), soil erodibility factor, and swelling potential. According to the USDA, soil texture was classified as silty clay loam and silty clay. Significant differences (p<0.05) existed between eroding and non-eroding soils for the following factors: clay and silt content; porosity Ks, K; Atterberg limits, and swelling potential. Statistically significant correlations were established between clay content and Atterberg limits, bulk density, Ks, and swelling potential. Furthermore, results of X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of quartz, chlorite, illite, kaolinite, kaolinite - smectite expansive clay, hematite and ferrihydrite. Relic crystals of calcite were found in the saprolite horizon. Overall result indicated that selected physico-chemical properties can be used as an indicator of gully erosion in southern Appalachian Ultisols.
Uniformity and transmission of proportional counter window materials for use with AXAF

The X-ray detection system used to calibrate the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) mirrors will include gas flow and sealed proportional counters. To meet the ultimate 1 percent goal of the calibration project, the transmission and uniformity of the windows must be well known for the soft X-ray wavelengths involved. Various window materials for use with proportional counters are examined for transmission at X-ray wavelengths in the range of 0.1 to 5.9 keV. These include the usual window materials (polypropylene and beryllium), as well as materials only recently employed for detector applications (polyimide and diamond). The transmission uniformity of beryllium at 1.49 keV is examined with a microchannel plate detector, producing a 'shadowgraph' of the window material illuminated with soft X-rays. This technique allows us to investigate nonuniformities on a spatial scale of about .2 mm.
Periodical Literature for Electronic Engineers

Periodical literature for electronic and communications engineers has been examined. Suggested lists of periodicals are presented, ranked by relative usefulness for keeping up with current progress and for finding previously published information. Problema of publishing, abstracting, and searching electronic literature are discussed.
Banding studies of chromosomes in a patient with mycosis fungoides

Chromosomes from a patient with mycosis fungoides were examined in detail with banding techniques. Hyperdiploid cells from a lymph node had common anomalies of certain chromosomes which formed three similar clones. The abnormalities involved chromosomes No. 1, 2, 5, 8, 9, 10, 14, and 18, in addition to an unkwown small metacentric marker (M3). Although there were a number of mitotic cells in peripheral blood cultured both with and without PHA, none of the few cells with abnormal karyotypes was similar to the clonal cells of the lymph node. One of the abnormalities in the lymph node was a 14q rearrangement, which could be the result of a translocation of Nos. 8 and 14 involving a third chromosome, No. 2. An abnormality in the blood resulted from a translocation between the long arms of Nos. 1 and 14. These findings could be useful for studies in which mycosis fungoides is compared with the Sezary syndrome and other lymphoid malignancies.
Kinetics of Ni/a-Ge bilayer reactions

Abstract Thin film reactions between 100 nm of Ni and 400 nm of Ge deposited on thermally oxidized Si wafers have been studied as a function of annealing conditions, using X-ray diffraction (XRD), cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, four-point kelvin resistance measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS); these last two techniques were carried out during reaction. The real-time resistance characteristic was nearly identical for temperature ramp rates between 3 and 50°C min -1 over the temperature range 20–550 °C, suggesting that the same basic reactions path dominates for all these conditions. The initial room temperature sheet resistance of the bilayer structure is about ∼ 2 Ω/□ and, upon annealing, goes through a local maximum of ∼ 6 Ω/□ at 300 °C. XPS indicates that Ge first appears on the sample surface, while XRD indicates the presence of monoclinic Ni 5 Ge 3 at this sheet resistance maximum. Orthorhombic NiGe nucleates and grows between 300 and 400 °C. Analysis of resistance vs. time during isothermal annealings at 200–300 °C suggests the formation of NiGe through a thermally activated process with activation energy E a = 1.3 eV. At temperatures approaching 500 °C, XPS shows the disppearance of the Ni signal from the surface, indicating the onset agglomeration.
Effect of thermal treatment on moisture transport during steam cooking of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonas pelamis).

Moisture and mass loss were determined during atmospheric steam cooking of skipjack tuna by mea- surement of muscle moisture content in whole fish and on-line measurement of mass and temperature in fillets. Thermal denaturation temperatures of muscle proteins were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. Muscle moisture content and mass loss were dependent on muscle temperature. Temperature distribution was predicted and mass loss rates were calculated in fillets. A decreasing rate of mass loss was followed by a steady rate period and a resumption of a decreasing rate period. The increased loss of mass during the steady period corresponded to thermal denaturation temperatures of muscle proteins. Changes in mass loss rates resulted from a gradient of muscle changes produced by the temperature gradient created during cooking.
Annual average efficiency of a solar-thermochemical reactor

Abstract We report on results regarding the annual average efficiency of a recuperating packed particle bed reactor for solar-thermochemical hydrogen production via a two-step metal oxide cycle, using detailed numerical models. The key findings are that reactor efficiency is substantially flat as a function of direct normal irradiance, leading to an annual average efficiency almost equal to the design-point efficiency, and that ample high quality waste heat is available to make standalone operation feasible, including feedstock water production. This conclusion has far-reaching implications for solar-thermochemical hydrogen and fuel production in general.
The intelligence of Oldowan hominids

This article uses Piagetian genetic epistemology to evaluate the intelligence of Oldowan hominids. From the analysis of the geometry of two-million-year-old artifacts from Olduvai Gorge it is concluded that the hominids who made the tools possessed pre-operational intelligence. Pre-operational intelligence employs such organizational features as trial-and-error and control of single variables but lacks such important modern features as true classification and pre-correction of errors. Pre-operational intelligence is also typical of modern pongids. This implies that Oldowan hominids were not remarkably intelligent by hominoid standards and that evolution of intelligence was not significant in human evolution until after about 1·6 million years ago, at which time it became an important factor in the rapid increase in reliance on culture.
Rotational Dynamics in a Crystalline Molecular Gyroscope by Variable-Temperature 13C NMR, 2H NMR, X-Ray Diffraction, and Force Field Calculations

A combination of solid-state C-13 CPMAS NMR, H-2 NMR, X-ray-determined anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs), and molecular mechanics calculations were used to analyze the rotational dynamics of 1,4-bis[3,3,3-tris(m-methoxyphenyl)propynyl]benzene (3A), a structure that emulates a gyroscope with a p-phenylene group acting as a rotator and two m-methoxy-substituted trityl groups acting as a stator. The line shape analysis of VT C-13 CPMAS and broad-band H-2 NMR data were in remarkable agreement with each other, with rotational barriers of 11.3 and 11.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The barriers obtained by analysis of ADPs obtained by single-crystal X-ray diffraction at 100 and 200 K, assuming a sinusoidal potential, were 10.3 and 10.1 kcal, respectively. A similar analysis of an X-ray structure solved from data acquired at 300 K suggested a barrier of only 8.0 kcal/mol. Finally, a rotational potential calculated with a finite cluster model using molecular mechanics revealed a symmetric but nonsinusoidal potential that accounts relatively well for the X-ray-derived values and the NMR experimental results. It is speculated that the discrepancy between the barriers derived from low and high-temperature X-ray data may be due to an increase in anharmonicity, or to disorder, at the higher temperature values.
African American Pre-Service Teachers’ Perspectives on Urban Education: An Exploration at an HBCU

This paper aims to better understand African American pre-service teachers’ perspectives on urban education. Over a 2-year period, pre-experience and post-experience surveys were conducted at a Historically Black University (HBCU) after pre-service teachers completed an urban education immersion course in order to frame their understanding of perspectives on urban education. Ultimately, the results indicate that the African American pre-service teachers’ perceptions of urban teachers, urban administrators, and a career in urban education were statistically more positive after the immersion course, but their views of urban parents became more negative. These results provide further implications for teacher education programs.
Dynamic regulation of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acids during the rat estrous cycle

FSH synthesis and secretion are regulated by a complex interplay of hypothalamic, gonadal, and pituitary factors. Recent evidence suggests that inhibin, activin, and follistatin, although originally identified as gonadal peptides, are also expressed in the pituitary, where they may be secreted and play an autocrine/paracrine role in the control of FSH beta gene expression. Attempts to study pituitary regulation of the genes encoding these proteins have been hampered by low levels of mRNA expression. Consequently, we developed quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for follistatin (FS) and the three subunits (alpha, beta A, and beta B) that comprise activin and inhibin. Expression of activin type II receptor (actRII) mRNA was also analyzed. Reasoning that mRNA levels of these FSH-regulating pituitary peptides might be modulated at times of increased FSH gene expression, two in vivo models were chosen for further investigation. 1) Two weeks after ovariectomy, rat pituitary FS mRNA levels increased substantially (4.09-fold vs. intact) with a modest increase in beta B-inhibin mRNA levels (1.88-fold vs. intact). No changes in alpha-inhibin, beta A-inhibin, or actRII mRNA levels were observed. 2) During the estrous cycle, pituitary FS gene expression varied strikingly, with a peak at 1800 h on proestrus (13.69-fold vs. 0900 h on proestrus), followed by a rapid decline at 2400 h on proestrus (2.10-fold vs. 0900 h on proestrus). A more detailed analysis of expression during proestrus revealed that peak FS mRNA levels preceded peak FSH beta gene expression by 6 h. Levels of the inhibin subunit and actRII transcripts varied minimally across the estrous cycle. We conclude that during the estrous cycle in rats, pituitary FS mRNA levels are regulated dynamically, whereas levels of inhibin/activin subunits and the activin receptor, actRII, very minimally. The observation that FS mRNA levels peak before maximal expression of FSH beta mRNA raises the possibility that FS facilitates, rather than inhibits, FSH biosynthesis in vivo.
Estimation of Optical Field Mean Intensities from Photocount Correlations

An extremely simple procedure is given for estimating the mean intensity of each component of a two-component optical field from measurements of the number of photocounts recorded over counting intervals of T sec duration spaced τ sec apart. The only a priori knowledge required about each component is the functional form of the first- and second-order coherence functions and an order of magnitude estimate of their coherence times.
A male tobacco budworm pheromone inhibitory to courtship

Abstract A pheromone released by courting male tobacco budworm moths, Heliothis virescens (F.), to repel other males of that species has been identified as (Z)‐9‐tetradecenal. The amount of this compound isolated from 3‐day‐old male abdomens was 1 mg/male.
Relationship of caregiver reactions and depression to cancer patients' symptoms, functional states and depression--a longitudinal view.

Abstract This research examined, in a sample of N = 150 cancer patients and caregivers, the relationships among patient's physical functioning, depression and symptomatology, impact on caregivers' schedule and health, and caregiver depression, as well as the changes in these variables over time. A measure of caregivers' optimism was also included in the analyses. The disposition of caregiver optimism was a strong predictor of caregiver reactions to the burdens of caring, and seemed to play the role of a personality characteristic which was for the most part independent of patient variables. Levels of patient symptoms and their change over time were both strongly linked to change in patient immobility over time. Patient symptoms, and to a lesser degree patient immobility, were strong predictors of patient depression, which in turn predicted caregiver depression. In general, as patients' needs subsided, caregivers perceived fewer reactions to the burdens of caring. Caregivers' reactions were clearly distinct, and were influenced differently by different patient variables. However, all three types of caregivers' reactions were influenced by caregivers' optimism. Oncologists, nurses and other health care professionals involved in the care of patients with cancer should consider this potentially important personal characteristic in the assessment of need for and the development of interventions designed to assist patients with cancer and their family caregivers.
Linear optimum trim solution for aircraft with three longitudinal control effectors

A simple and fast linear optimum method for trimming aircraft with a combination of three longitudinal aerodynamic or propulsive control effectors is developed, with application to preliminary design or in-flight scheduling. A Lagrangian formulation is used to determine the longitudinal load distribution which minimizes trim drag. Trim drag results obtained with the linear optimum method are similar to those obtained with a nonlinear optimum method, and significant trim drag reductions are found using either optimum method, in comparison with results obtained using various ad hoc methods.
Definitions of Youth in the Theater of Montherlant

IN MUCH of Montherlant's theater, especially in his earlier works, appear youths of disturbing precociousness or of chilling mediocrity.1 At first sight, there seems to be little shading of the two extremes; his works impart an unfortunate impression of human desolation, of pointless dramatic destruction. On the other hand, one may be led into traps of incomprehension occasioned by seeming reversals of character and pattern. But the author of syncretisme and alternance2 is only following his normal thesis which holds that, particularly where vital humans are involved, there are no fixed rules of conduct: hence, all theater, to be justified and worthwhile, must portray psychological problems necessarily involved with antinomies that are parts of psychological truths. To a certain degree, of course, his characterizations of youth are sharpened and exaggerated for the sake of dramatic emphasis. While the study of his definitions of youth is important for its own sake, it may be added, it is also valuable because his young people forewarn of his adult portrayals. Montherlant the psychologist works without benefit of laboratory, of carefully chosen human subjects and pertinent statistics relating to them, and he pays little heed to textbook findings. While he is acquainted with such texts, he abhors all conclusions that run counter to his
Constitutionalism and policies toward women: Canada and the United States

This essay examines policy toward women in Canada and the U.S. with an eye to the question of how much light comparative constitutionalism can shed on the differences or similarities in those policies. It first describes the many institutional contrasts that might lead one to expect sharp differences in policies in the two countries. It then details both numerous parallels in gender equity policy and a half dozen or so important contrasts, attempting to explain both the striking similarities and the occasional differences that are uncovered. Despite contrasting political histories, political institutions, and constitutional structures—relatively sharp contrasts, in fact, in terms of constitutionalism— both Canada and the U.S. revolutionized their policies toward women at nearly the same time: in the final few decades of the twentieth century. In the U.S., this happened primarily in the decade of the 1970s, and in Canada in that of the 1980s. The similarities in policy reform are striking. In both countries, the two most sweeping reforms were roughly the same: first, the legalization of abortion and, second, the adoption of a higher-law rule that legislation could not discriminate on the basis of gender except when government could show unusually strong justification for doing so. Although one can identify a handful of important specific policy contrasts, this fundamental similarity pervades most of the policies with particular impact on women. 1 This essay will describe first the many institutional contrasts that might lead one to expect sharp differences in the two countries’ policies toward women. It next details both the numerous parallels in gender-equity policy and the half dozen or so important contrasts. It then attempts to explain both the striking number of similarities and the occasional differences thus uncovered.
Formation of anucleate and multinucleate cells in normal and SV40 transformed WI-38 by cytochalasin B

Abstract The mold metabolite cytochalasin B has been reported to cause inhibition of cytokinesis at low concentrations and nuclear extrusion at high concentrations. Normal diploid and SV40 transformed human fetal lung fibroblasts (WI-38) were equally sensitive to inhibition of cell division by cytochalasin B. However, in the absence of cytokinesis, the transformed cells became much more highly multinucleate than the normal diploid cells. It is suggested that this may reflect fundamental differences in cellular control between normal and transformed cells. Both cell types were only slightly sensitive to enucleations at high concentrations of cytochalasin B. A method for producing 99 + % enucleation of WI-38 was developed combining the actions of high g forces and cytochalasin B.
Robust DWT-SVD domain image watermarking: embedding data in all frequencies

Protection of digital multimedia content has become an increasingly important issue for content owners and service providers. As watermarking is identified as a major technology to achieve copyright protection, the relevant literature includes several distinct approaches for embedding data into a multimedia element (primarily images, audio, and video). Because of its growing popularity, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is commonly used in recent watermarking schemes. In a DWT-based scheme, the DWT coefficients are modified with the data that represents the watermark. In this paper, we present a hybrid scheme based on DWT and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). After decomposing the cover image into four bands, we apply the SVD to each band, and embed the same watermark data by modifying the singular values. Modification in all frequencies allows the development of a watermarking scheme that is robust to a wide range of attacks.
Fission track evidence for the simultaneous origin of tektites and other natural glasses

Abstract The procedure of fission track dating is briefly reviewed and recent age and annealing results summarized. New measurements are reported on australites, obsidians, clearwater lakes glass and Darwin glass. Assuming that australites were formed in a single event, it occurred about two thirds of a million years ago and was contemporaneous with the formation of Darwin glass. By dating flanges it is shown that australites entered the Earth's atmosphere at this same time. It has now been found within the experimental accuracy of the techniques used that the following four glasses were formed at the same time as were the major groups of tektites: 1. (1) Darwin glass (fission track dating); 2. (2) Ries Kessel glass (K-Ar dating) 3. (3) Libyan glass and clearwater lakes, Quebec glass (fission track dating). It is concluded that assorted objects of widely different sizes dropped on Earth along with the tektite falls in Eastern Asia, Europe and America.
Comparison of soil zinc extractants for detection of applied zinc and prediction of leaf zinc concentration

Abstract Many soil extractants have been developed for determination of zinc (Zn) availability to plants. The optimum soil Zn extractant should be useful not only for prediction of plant Zn concentration but also for detection of applied Zn levels. The objectives of this study were: i) to compare soil Zn extradants for detecting applied Zn and for predicting peanut leaf Zn over a range of soil pH levels, and ii) to correlate other soil‐extractable Zn levels with Mehlich‐1. Soil and peanut leaf samples were taken from a field study testing pH levels as the main plots and Zn application rates in the sub‐plots. Extractable Zn was determined on soil samples using Mehlich‐1, Mehlich‐3, DTPA, MgNO3, and many dilute salt extradants of varied strength and pH. Correlation of extractable soil Zn to cumulative applied Zn levels revealed Mehlich‐1, Mehlich‐3, DTPA, and AlCl3 extradants to be among the best indicators of applied Zn. Leaf Zn concentration was best correlated with soil Zn extracted by dilute salts, such...
Chromatographic separation of lactone precursors and tentative identification of the े‐lactones of 4‐hydroxy octanoic and 4‐hydroxy nonanoic acids in butterfat

A combination of silicic acid column and thin layer chromatography which separates γ- and δ-hydroxy acid containing glycerides from butterfat is described. This procedure facilitates the isolation of the γ- and δ-hydroxy acids (lactone precursors) while avoiding lactonization. The method indicated that the hydroxy acids are entirely esterified to the glyceride in fresh butterfat. Hydrolysis, using pancreatic lipase, showed that these polar acids are located on the α-positions of the glycerides. The γ-lactones of 4-hydroxy octanoic and 4-hydroxy nonanoic acids were tentatively identified by gas liquid chromatography. These occurred in quantities of 0.25–0.5 ppm and approximately 0.2 ppm respectively in the butterfat samples investigated.
Electron-Spin Memory in the Optical-Pumping Cycle of F Centers in Alkali Halides and Electron-Spin Resonance of the Relaxed Excited State

Electron spin memory in optical pumping cycle of potassium halides F centers, measuring relaxed excited state g factors and spin resonance line widths
Violence-Prevention Programs in Schools: State of the Science and Implications for Future Research

Abstract This article reviews school-based violence-prevention interventions published from 1993 through 1997. All of the interventions fitting the inclusion criteria involved classroom-based curricula; about one third included efforts to change the broader school environment or other settings where youth spend their time. Modest intervention effects in knowledge, attitudes, and aggressive, violent and prosocial behavior were reported. Elementary school interventions and programs focusing on the broader school environment appeared more successful in changing violence-related behavior. School-based health-promotion programs that integrated the community and home in other health areas were used to illustrate the potential success of more comprehensive interventions. A proposed framework for future comprehensive violence-prevention intervention research composed of three physical settings (school, home, and community) and three types of environments (information, social, and physical) is presented and discussed.
Increasing excise taxes on cigarettes in California: a dynamic simulation of health and economic impacts

Abstract Background California raised cigarette excise taxes in 1999, and may generate additional health and economic benefits by raising them further. Methods A dynamic computer simulation model follows births, deaths, migration, aging, and changes in smoking status for the entire population of California over 75 years to estimate the cumulative health and economic outcomes of these changes under several excise tax rate conditions (up to 100% price increase). Results A 20% tax-induced cigarette price increase would reduce smoking prevalence from 17% to 11.6% with large gains in cumulative life years (14 million) and QALY's (16 million) over 75 years. Total spending on cigarettes by consumers would increase by $270 million in that span (all going to tax revenue), and those who reduce the number of years spent as a smoker would spend $12.5 billion less on cigarettes. Total smoking-related medical costs would drop by $188 billion. These benefits increase greatly with larger tax increases, with which tax revenues continue to rise even as smoking prevalence falls. Conclusions Even considering benefits from the 1999 increase, California has not yet maximized the potential of excise taxes to lessen the negative impacts of smoking. Additional tax increases would provide added health benefits and revenue to the state.
Schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia: Is schizophrenia also a “denervation hypersensitivity”?

Abstract In human beings, amphetamine can induce both schizophreniform psychosis and oral-facial dyskinesia resembling tardive dyskinesia, while neuroleptic agents reduce the manifestations of both conditions. This suggests that such psychosis and movement disorder may occur by the same or very similar mechanisms. It is thought that tardive dyskinesia may result from neuroleptic-induced denervation hypersensitivity to dopamine. The author cites evidence suggesting that amphetamine may act on dopaminergic pathways in the CNS to produce a denervation hypersensitivity like that caused by neuroleptic agents. Clinical evedence compatible with a denervation hypersensitivity hypothesis of schizophrenia is then discussed.
Impulsivity: a multidimensional concept with developmental aspects.

Fifty-five preschool children were administered a number of tests purported to measure impulsivity: Delay of Gratification, Walk-the-Line-Slowly, Matching Familiar Figures Test, Schenectady Kindergarten Rating Scales, a teacher rating scale, and the Porteus Maze Test. Analyses indicated that impulsivity is multi-dimensional, with age-, sex-, IQ-, and teacher-related types. The results suggested that multiple indices are essential to the measurement and study of impulsivity. An interaction between sex and age of child was also revealed with respect to type and rate of activity. While 3- and 4-year-old girls differ radically from boys in type and rate of motor activity (fine muscle vs. gross muscle), 5-year-olds were virtually identical.
Categorization of common coupling and its application to the maintainability of the Linux kernel

Data coupling between modules, especially common coupling, has long been considered a source of concern in software design, but the issue is somewhat more complicated for products that are comprised of kernel modules together with optional nonkernel modules. This paper presents a refined categorization of common coupling based on definitions and uses between kernel and nonkernel modules and applies the categorization to a case study. Common coupling is usually avoided when possible because of the potential for introducing risky dependencies among software modules. The relative risk of these dependencies is strongly related to the specific definition-use relationships. In a previous paper, we presented results from a longitudinal analysis of multiple versions of the open-source operating system Linux. This paper applies the new common coupling categorization to version 2.4.20 of Linux, counting the number of instances of common coupling between each of the 26 kernel modules and all the other nonkernel modules. We also categorize each coupling in terms of the definition-use relationships. Results show that the Linux kernel contains a large number of common couplings of all types, raising a concern about the long-term maintainability of Linux.
ConCon: Context-Aware Middleware for Content Sharing in Dynamic Participating Environments

In shared physical spaces such as parks, streets, tourist places etc., content generated at user's devices tends to lose its relevance with distance from the immediate spatio-temporal neighborhood. Here, content includes sensory information as well as user generated content. In such participatory environments, content generated at the producers' devices are often sought by applications seeking information on devices carried by consumers. Spatio-temporal context shared by producers and consumers is often a driving factor in determining the suitability of content to share in shared public spaces. In addition, mobile devices suffer from resource constraints. While there exist many middleware mechanisms to aid content sharing in participatory environments, there is need for a context-aware middleware that can provide an effective matching between consumer needs and content generated at producers under dynamically varying spatio-temporal as well as resource contexts. With this goal in mind, we propose a novel content based context-aware middleware called ConCon for dynamic participatory environments. ConCon employs a publish-subscribe architecture, with stable nodes called providers that serve as intermediaries between producers and consumers. ConCon takes into account content semantics, as well as context attributes such as location, residual energy, residual bandwidth etc. Through extensive simulation experiments performed on both real-world and synthetic traces we show that ConCon greatly enhances information quality by increasing diversity of shared content. Furthermore, ConCon reduces cost of sharing content in terms of resource usage in participatory environments.
A cognitive behavioral intervention for symptom management in patients with advanced cancer.

Purpose/objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral intervention in decreasing symptom severity in patients with advanced cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Design Prospective, randomized clinical trial based on cognitive behavioral theory. Setting Six urban cancer centers in the midwestern United States. Sample 124 patients 21 years of age or older were recruited and randomized to receive conventional care or conventional care and an intervention. Participants were newly diagnosed with stage III, stage IV, or recurrent cancer (solid tumor or non-Hodgkin lymphoma), undergoing chemotherapy, cognitively intact, and able to read and speak English. Methods Data were gathered via telephone interviews at baseline and 10 and 20 weeks after randomization. Nurses with experience in oncology delivered a five-contact, eight-week intervention aimed at teaching patients problem-solving techniques to affect symptom severity. Main research variables Gender, site of cancer, age, symptom severity and depressive symptoms at baseline, group (i.e., experimental versus control), and total symptom severity. Findings Patients in the experimental group and those with lower symptom severity at baseline had significantly lower symptom severity at 10 and 20 weeks; the experimental difference at 20 weeks occurred primarily in those 60 years of age and younger. Depressive symptoms at baseline predicted symptom severity at 20 weeks; however, age, gender, and site of cancer did not affect symptom severity at either time point. Conclusions A cognitive behavioral intervention to teach problem-solving skills can be effective for patient symptom self-management during and following an intervention. Implications for nursing Problem-solving strategies should be included in educational programs for patients with advanced cancer, particularly those 60 years of age and younger.
Right and Left Matrix-Valued Stochastic Exponentials and Explicit Solutions to Systems of SDEs

We study the properties of the right and left matrix-valued stochastic exponentials by their quadratic variation processes between two matrices of semimartingales. We obtain explicit solutions of linear and some nonlinear systems of stochastic differential equations by expressing the right and left stochastic exponentials in a closed-form formula.
A laboratory evaluation of rebond strengths of solid retainers of the acid-etched fixed partial denture.

L. Haspeslagh:, D.D.S., Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium F.H.J. Hendribs, D.D.S., Ph.D., Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands G. Koch, D.D.!3., Odont;Dr., Institute for Postgraduate Dental Educauon, Jonkoping, Sweden P. Lambrechts, D.D.S., Ph.D., Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuve:n, Belgium K.F. Leinfelder, D.D.S., M.S., University of Alabama, Birmingham, Ala. H. Letzel, D.D.S., Ph.D., Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands S.A. Lundin, lD.D.S., Postgraduate Dental Education Center, Orebro, Sweden M.L. Maberley, B.D.S., L.D.S., University of London, London, UK R. Nolden, Dr. Med. Dent., University of Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany R.D. Norman, A.B., D.D.S., M.S.D., Southern Illinois University, Alton, Ill. R.W. Phillips, D.Sc., M.S., B.S., Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind. A.A. Robinson, B.D.S.,? IJniversity of London, London, UK