cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why prodigy/EBL works

Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) fails to accelerate problem solving in some problem spaces. How do these problem spaces differ from the ones in Minton's experiments [1988b]? Can minute modifications to problem space encoding drastically alter EBL's performance? Will PRODIGY/EBL'S success scale to real-world domains? This paper presents a formal theory of problem space structure that answers these questions. The central observation is that PRODIGY/EBL relies on finding nonrecursive explanations of PRODIGY'S problem-solving behavior. The theory explains and predicts PRODIGY/EBL'S performance in a wide range of problem spaces. The theory also predicts that a static program transformer, called STATIC, can match PRODIGY/EBL'S performance in some cases. The paper reports on an array of experiments that confirms this prediction. STATIC matches PRODIGY/EBL'S performance in each of Minton's problem spaces.
Nonlinear material properties of intact cornea and sclera

Abstract Enucleated human eyes, 1–3 days post mortem, were sectioned equatorially and the anterior or posterior segment of the corneoscleral shell was clamped on a metal chamber for pressurization. A flying spot scanner system was used to measure horizontal surface deformations while the pressure in the chamber was changed stepwise. Lateral deformations in directions 90° and 45° to the original horizontal direction were also measured to establish surface isotropy of the material when the eye specimens were pressurized in their natural geometries. The finite element numerical method was then used to construct a mathematical model of the posterior segment of the eye mounted on the metal chamber. This model uses trilinear stress-strain relationships which were adjusted until the predicted surface deformations agreed with the experimental results. Using a similar procedure on the anterior segment, a trilinear stress-strain relation was obtained for the corneal stroma. The trilinear relations were then converted to exponential form by a least square method. The finite element, axisymmetric mathematical model can assign these nonlinear material properties for different portions of the eye and specific variations in geometry such as central corneal or equatorial scleral thinning. Such geometric complexity and material heterogeneity and nonlinearity could not be modeled conveniently by previous mathematical models of the corneoscleral shell. The model will be useful in the analysis of stress and strain in portions of the eye, pressure-volume relations and tonometry.
Models of Arrhythmogenesis in Myocardial Infarction

Ventricular tachycardia, a life-threatening regular and repetitive fast heart rhythm, frequently occurs in the setting of myocardial infarction. Recently, the peri-infarct zones surrounding the necrotic scar (termed gray zones) have been shown to correlate with ventricular tachycardia inducibility. However, it remains unknown how the latter is determined by gray zone distribution and size. The goal of this study is to examine how tachycardia circuits are maintained in the infarcted heart and to explore the relationship between the tachycardia organizing centers and the infarct gray zone size and degree of heterogeneity. To achieve the goals of the study, we employ a sophisticated high-resolution electrophysiological model of the infarcted canine ventricles reconstructed from imaging data, representing both scar and gray zone. The baseline canine ventricular model was also used to generate additional ventricular models with different gray zone sizes, as well as models in which the gray zone was represented as different heterogeneous combinations of viable tissue and necrotic scar. The results of the tachycardia induction simulations with a number of high-resolution canine ventricular models (22 altogether) demonstrated that the gray zone was the critical factor resulting in arrhythmia induction and maintenance. The findings of this study have important implications for the advancement of improved criteria for stratifying arrhythmia risk in post-infarction patients and for the development of new approaches for determining the ablation targets of infarct-related tachycardia.
Small-molecule CFTR activators increase tear secretion and prevent experimental dry eye disease.

Dry eye disorders, including Sjogren's syndrome, constitute a common problem in the aging population, with limited effective therapeutic options available. The cAMP-activated Cl(-) channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a major prosecretory channel at the ocular surface. We investigated whether compounds that target CFTR can correct the abnormal tear film in dry eye. Small-molecule activators of human wild-type CFTR identified by high-throughput screening were evaluated in cell culture and in vivo assays, to select compounds that stimulate Cl(-)-driven fluid secretion across the ocular surface in mice. An aminophenyl-1,3,5-triazine, CFTRact-K089, fully activated CFTR in cell cultures with EC50 ∼250 nM and produced an ∼8.5 mV hyperpolarization in ocular surface potential difference. When delivered topically, CFTRact-K089 doubled basal tear volume for 4 h and had no effect in CF mice. CFTRact-K089 showed sustained tear film bioavailability without detectable systemic absorption. In a mouse model of aqueous-deficient dry eye produced by lacrimal ablation, topical administration of 0.1 nmol CFTRact-K089 3 times daily restored tear volume to basal levels, preventing corneal epithelial disruption when initiated at the time of surgery and reversing it when started after development of dry eye. Our results support the potential utility of CFTR-targeted activators as a novel prosecretory treatment for dry eye.-Flores, A. M., Casey, S. D., Felix, C. M., Phuan, P. W., Verkman, A. S., Levin, M. H. Small-molecule CFTR activators increase tear secretion and prevent experimental dry eye disease.
Facilitators and Barriers to HIV Screening A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

Accomplishments in biomedical research and technology, combined with innovative community and clinically based interventions, have expanded HIV testing globally. However, HIV screening and receipt of results remains a challenge in some areas. To optimize the benefits of HIV screening, it is imperative that there is a better understanding of the barriers to and motivators of testing for HIV infection. This study is a meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature on HIV screening and receipt of results; 128 unique publications had implications for HIV screening and receipt of results. A socioecological perspective provided an appropriate approach for synthesizing the literature. Three levels of influence emerged: individual attributes, interpersonal attributes, and broader patterns of influence. Findings were reviewed and found to have implications for continued engagement in the HIV treatment cascade. Recommendations to enhance HIV screening and to ensure receipt of results are proposed and discussed.
Synthesis, Hybridization Characteristics, and Fluorescence Properties of Oligonucleotides Modified with Nucleobase-Functionalized Locked Nucleic Acid Adenosine and Cytidine Monomers

Conformationally restricted nucleotides such as locked nucleic acid (LNA) are very popular as affinity-, specificity-, and stability-enhancing modifications in oligonucleotide chemistry to produce probes for nucleic acid targeting applications in molecular biology, biotechnology, and medicinal chemistry. Considerable efforts have been devoted in recent years to optimize the biophysical properties of LNA through additional modification of the sugar skeleton. We recently introduced C5-functionalization of LNA uridines as an alternative and synthetically more straightforward approach to improve the biophysical properties of LNA. In the present work, we set out to test the generality of this concept by studying the characteristics of oligonucleotides modified with four different C5-functionalized LNA cytidine and C8-functionalized LNA adenosine monomers. The results strongly suggest that C5-functionalization of LNA pyrimidines is indeed a viable approach for improving the binding affinity, target specificity,...
Benchmark Assessment of the Accuracy of Several van der Waals Density Functionals

The nonlocal correlation functional VV10, developed recently in our group, describes the whole range of dispersion interactions in a seamless and general fashion using only the electron density as input. The VV10 functional has a simple analytic form that can be adjusted for pairing with the exchange functional of choice. In this paper, we use several benchmark data sets of weakly interacting molecular complexes to test the accuracy of two VV10 variants, differing in their treatment of the exchange component. For the sake of comparison, several other density functionals suitable for noncovalent interactions were also tested against the same benchmarks. We find that the “default’’ version of VV10 with semilocal exchange gives very accurate geometries and binding energies for most van der Waals complexes but systematically overbinds hydrogen-bonded complexes. The alternative variant of VV10 with long-range corrected hybrid exchange performs exceptionally well for all types of weak bonding sampled in this st...
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF MANUAL ASPIRATION THROMBECTOMY IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: AN UPDATED META-ANALYSIS

Recent trials on aspiration thrombectomy (AT) use in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction did not show any significant benefit. This meta-analysis was designed to systematically evaluate prospective randomized trials and assess the effects of AT on all-cause mortality, major
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Fatty Acid Monolayers on the Surface of Water

We review the current status of X-ray diffraction studies of Langmuir films. The structures of most known fatty acid monolayer phases have now been determined (and found to be different from what had historically been assumed); and various previously unexplained observations have now been given a microscopic basis.
Under-investment and the Demand for Liquid Assets

On re-reading Hicks’s Value and Capital one is struck by the fresh ness of the ideas. The book, which somehow manages to be both magisterial and unpretentious, is surprisingly contemporary in its general outlook. The problems it poses have by no means been ‘cleared up’ by subsequent generations. In this chapter I want to reconsider what Hicks had to say about interest rates and liquidity preference. In more modern terminology, the subject is asset-pricing and the demand for liquid assets. What follows is neither an exegesis of Value and Capital nor an attempt to develop a new theory. It is simply a re-examination of some old questions from the point of view of the modern theory of asset-pricing, as developed by Lucas (1978) and others.
An application-aware data storage model

We describe a new application-controlled file persistence model in which applications select the desired stability from a range of persistence guarantees. This new abstraction extends conventional abstractions by allowing applications to specify a file's volatility and methods for automatic reconstruction in case of loss. The model allows applications, particularly ones with weak persistence requirements, to leverage the memory space of other machines to improve their performance. An automated (filename-matching) interface permits legacy applications to take advantage of the variable persistence guarantees without being modified. Our prototype implementation shows significant speed-ups, in some cases more than an order of magnitude over conventional network file systems such as NFS version 3.
Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve with associated mitral valve prolapse.

Ebstein's anomaly is primarily a malformation of the tricuspid valve. However, mitral valve abnormalities, including mitral valve prolapse, have been reported in Ebstein's anomaly patients. 1,2 The mitral valve prolapse may progress with time and result in substantial hemodynamic changes that worsen the patient's condition. A 27-year-old woman was evaluated for severe progressive shortness of breath. Quadruple heart sounds, a systolic click, and a holosystolic murmur were audible at the cardiac apex. Transthoracic echocardiography was limited technically because of the patient's obesity. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed, which revealed Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve with associated mitral valve prolapse. The tricuspid valve was displaced away from the atrioventricular junction into the right ventricular cavity. The inflow portion of the right ventricle was incorporated into the right atrium, resulting in an enlarged right atrium and a smaller right ventricle. The anterior and posterior cusps of the mitral valve prolapsed into the left atrium during systole (Fig. 1). Both the tricuspid and the mitral valve were severely regurgitant, which contributed to the patient's excessive shortness of breath. Fig. 1 Transesophageal echocardiogram (4-chamber view) during systole, revealing downward displacement of the septal and posterior cusps of the tricuspid valve (TV) into the right ventricular (RV) cavity; incorporation of the inflow portion of the right ...
Modeling a multilevel boost converter using SiC components for PV application

This paper discusses a DC-DC multilevel boost with wide bandgap components for PV applications. In the PV system, the multilevel boost converter is advisable to be used over the conventional boost converter because of the high ratio conversion. The multilevel boost converter is designed with one inductor, 2N-1 silicon carbide (SiC) schottky diodes, 2N-1 capacitors and one SiC MOSFET where N is the number of levels. Inserting SiC components in the design helps to maintain the temperature effect that could cause a high power loss. Most function of using a multilevel boost converter is to produce a high output voltage without using either a power transformer or a coupled inductor. Achieving a high gain output in the multilevel boost converter depends on the level of the converter and the switching duty cycle. The demonstrated design is a multilevel boost converter supplies from 220 V to rate 2 KW power. The switching frequency is 100 KHz and the output voltage of 4-level is 3.5 KV. Several values of temperatures are applicable to the system and the effect of changing the temperature on efficiency is studied. The developed design is simulated by using a LTspice software and the results are discussed.
Turbulent eddy diffusion models in exposure assessment - Determination of the eddy diffusion coefficient

ABSTRACTThe use of the turbulent eddy diffusion model and its variants in exposure assessment is limited due to the lack of knowledge regarding the isotropic eddy diffusion coefficient, DT. But some studies have suggested a possible relationship between DT and the air changes per hour (ACH) through a room. The main goal of this study was to accurately estimate DT for a range of ACH values by minimizing the difference between the concentrations measured and predicted by eddy diffusion model. We constructed an experimental chamber with a spatial concentration gradient away from the contaminant source, and conducted 27 3-hr long experiments using toluene and acetone under different air flow conditions (0.43–2.89 ACHs). An eddy diffusion model accounting for chamber boundary, general ventilation, and advection was developed. A mathematical expression for the slope based on the geometrical parameters of the ventilation system was also derived. There is a strong linear relationship between DT and ACH, providing...
Letters by German Authors of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

(1940). Letters by German Authors of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 239-257.
An Online Tool to Promote Citizenship Roles in Urban Community Organizations

A community does not only provide a circle where people make friends for life, it also promotes helping behaviors among members. Community members are capable and willing to contribute to community co-development because of the similar ideas and beliefs that they share. This paper introduces a community engagement tool which promote self-help activities in an organization by associating people who need help to responsible members who can offer support in an urban community setting. The online tool increases the degree of helping behavior by maximizing the effect coverage of potential contributors and using an automated online matching mechanism. The system eliminates perturbing community members who are not able to participate by using a targeted messaging method. In this paper, we will discuss how human factors are considered during the design and implementation process when building such an inclusive tool for a diverse population of users.
Moment Maps and Jacobian Modules

Ginzburg, Guillemin, and Karshon investigated, for compactAbelian groups G, the question: ‘When is anabstract moment map a moment map in the usual pre-symplectic sense?’ Weconsider the analogous question for non-Abelian groups and show that itis closely connected to the problem of determining the representationstructure of certain modules, known as Jacobian modules, which arenaturally attached to a linear action of G.
Pain in the Elderly: Identification, Evaluation, and Management of Older Adults with Pain Complaints and Pain-related Symptoms

Pain is a common and often underappreciated and undermanaged problem in older adults. This article addresses the scope of the issue of pain prevalence in older adults, types of pain and their characteristics, approach to and clinical workup of older adults with pain complaints and pain-related symptoms, nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic management strategies, and caveats with attention to medication side effects in the elderly.
Work Disability Among Native-born and Foreign-born Americans: On Origins, Health, and Social Safety Nets.

Public debates about both immigration policy and social safety net programs are increasingly contentious. However, little research has explored differences in health within America’s diverse population of foreign-born workers, and the effect of these workers on public benefit programs is not well understood. We investigate differences in work disability by nativity and origins and describe the mix of health problems associated with receiving Social Security Disability Insurance benefits. Our analysis draws on two large national data sources—the American Community Survey and comprehensive administrative records from the Social Security Administration—to determine the prevalence and incidence of work disability between 2001 and 2010. In sharp contrast to prior research, we find that foreign-born adults are substantially less likely than native-born Americans to report work disability, to be insured for work disability benefits, and to apply for those benefits. Overall and across origins, the foreign-born also have a lower incidence of disability benefit award. Persons from Africa, Northern Europe, Canada, and parts of Asia have the lowest work disability benefit prevalence rates among the foreign-born; persons from Southern Europe, Western Europe, the former Soviet Union, and the Caribbean have the highest rates.
Evaluating Field Interactions Between Multiple Wires and the Nearby Surface Enabled by a Generalized MTL Approach

Interactions between a cable harness containing multiple wires and the nearby metal surface can be evaluated by full-wave methods. Though these methods can calculate the interactions with great accuracy, they have long simulation times and large memory requirements when dealing with complex wire structures. The multiple scattering (MS) approach by treating the cable harness and the surface separately using different algorithms has been proven to be superior to the full-wave methods when evaluating these interactions. However, the cable harness solver in the previous MS approach is restricted to two-wire structures since the per-unit-length (pul) inductance ( L ) and capacitance ( C ) are derived based on the antenna and differential modes assumption between two wires. In this paper, a generalized multiconductor transmission-line (GMTL) approach is proposed to overcome the two-wire limitation. In the GMTL approach, all wires take the infinity as the reference. The extraction of the pul L and C for the cable harness is not limited by the number of wires. Thus, the GMTL approach can conveniently model multiple wire structures. The application of the GMTL approach to the multiple wires enables the MS approach to accurately evaluate the interactions between the cable harness and the metal surface.
The Precarity of Older Adults Living Alone With Cognitive Impairment.

Purpose of the study To examine the lived experience of older adults living alone with cognitive impairment to better understand their needs and concerns. Based on our previous work suggesting that older adults living alone often experience a sense of precarity, we were interested in exploring this construct in older adults living alone with a diagnosis of cognitive impairment. The notion of precarity points to the uncertainty deriving from coping with cumulative pressures while trying to preserve a sense of independence. Design and methods This is a qualitative study of 12 adults aged 65 and older living alone with cognitive impairment. Six participants had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease; 6 had a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment. Participants' lived experiences were elicited through 40 ethnographic interviews and participant observation in their homes. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, interview transcripts and fieldnotes were analyzed to identify codes and themes. Results Qualitative analysis of transcripts revealed three themes. Theme 1 described the distress stemming from the uncertainty of having cognitive impairment that has an unpredictable course. Theme 2 drew attention to the tendency of participants to feel responsible for managing their cognitive impairment. Theme 3 described the pressures stemming from the lack of appropriate services to support independent living for persons with cognitive impairment. Implications These 3 themes all pointed to facets of precarity. Findings also suggest the dearth of programs to support older adults living alone with cognitive impairment and the need to develop novel programs and interventions.
Geriatric Cyclists: Assessing Risks, Safety, and Benefits:

Nearly 1 in every 3 Americans ride bicycles each year, but only 20% of the reported 100 million cyclists ride on a weekly basis. Bicycling is a common form of transportation and recreation and has gained popularity among the elderly patients. In recent years, the number of elderly cyclists has increased steadily and studies have cited ease of use, need for exercise, and enjoyment as important contributing factors. The benefits of physical activity on health is well-documented, and elderly individuals are encouraged to remain active to reduce the progression of age-related weakness and loss of muscle mass. Safety concerns, however, have been a prevalent public health issue. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, elderly and teenage cyclists account for the highest number of head injuries and fatalities among all cyclists. Safety measures that include wearing protective gear such as helmets and choosing the appropriate bicycle have been recommended to minimize the risk of sustaining injuries while riding. Despite these concerns, bicycling has remained a popular and exciting activity for the elderly patients.
Standards of Neuroanesthesia

Currently there are no published standards of neuroanesthesia. However, consensus guidelines based on physiological considerations, published literature, clinical experience and expert opinions do exist. Four areas of the practice of neuroanesthesia: premedication, intraoperative algorithms, emergency algorithms, and postoperative care of the neurosurgical patient will be reviewed.
Cell-mediated immunity in the prepatent primary infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus.

Abstract Cell-mediated immunity was studied in 21 parasite-naive dogs by transformation of peripheral lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), or hydatid fluid protein (HFP) at 29 days of a primary infection with Echinococcus granulosus , and by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity to HFP at 36 days of the infection. Infection depressed significantly the ability of unstimulated cells to proliferate but enhanced the response to Con A. The lymphocytes of four dogs reacted to HFP significantly above the average, and one dog exhibited cutaneous reactivity to 0.2 μg of HFP. Five or 1 but not 0.2 μg of HFP produced non-specific skin reactions in parasite-naive dogs. The 7 dogs with the highest reactivity to PHA or Con A had significantly fewer parasites than the 7 less reactive dogs. The differences in other parasite characteristics were not significant in the 7 dogs with the greatest or smallest reactivities. Correlation tests showed an inverse correlation of PHA reactivity with establishment and maturation of parasites, of Con A reactivity with growth and maturation, and of HFP with maturation.
Potential Indicators for Monitoring Biosphere Reserves

Abstract Biosphere reserves are internationally recognized landscapes that have been set aside to protect various ecological characteristics. The monitoring of ecological change within such reserves is a central component of biosphere reserve management, and traditional methods have proven difficult and costly. This paper explores an alternative technique using social indicators to monitor biophysical change. The technique may provide a practical “early warning system” for reserve managers. The paper reviews biological and sociological monitoring techniques and provides a theoretical framework for experimenting with social indicators. Several indicators of Olympic National Park Biosphere Reserve are developed to illustrate the potential of social indicators for monitoring biosphere reserves.
Kolonresektion bei Karzinombefall

Beachtenswerte Untersuchungen von Turnbull et al. sowie von Stearns u. Schottenfeld weisen darauf hin, das die ausgedehnte Kolonresektion bei Malignombefall eine hohere 5-Jahres-Uberlebensrate zeigt als die eingeschrankte Resektion. Dies trifft insbesondere fur die Dukes-C-Stadien, also diejenigen zu, die histologisch einen positiven Lymphknotenbefall aufweisen. Die ausgedehnte Kolonresektion bewirkt nicht die erhohte Uberlebensrate, vielmehr die dadurch ermoglichte hohere bzw. ausgedehntere Lymphknotendissektion. Durch ihre engen Beziehungen zu den Blutgefasen mus daher die Resektion im Zusammenhang mit der entsprechend ausgedehnteren Ligatur der Gefase erfolgen. Tumoren des Zokums drainieren entlang der ileokolischen Gefase. Die obere Grenze der Lymphknotendissektion ist die Verbindung der V. ileocolica mit der V. mesenterica superior. Die Lymphknoten im Bereich der A. und V. colica media sind im allgemeinen erst dann befallen, wenn auch die ileokolischen Lymphknoten vom Tumor befallen sind. (Abb. 26.1 illustriert die Ausdehnung der Resektion im Falle eines Zokumtumors.)
Electrochemical measurements in the conservation of metallic heritage artefacts: an overview

Abstract: The basic principles of corrosion and electrochemistry are briefly summarised to indicate the capabilities of electrochemical techniques in diagnostic and conservation of heritage metals. The basic elements of each electrochemical measurement – cell, electrolyte, instrumentation – are schematically illustrated in the specific application to cultural heritage. The different measurement techniques are reviewed, divided into three groups: (1) potential measurements; (2) DC techniques; (3) AC techniques. The aims and fields of application are discussed, reporting several examples of specific applications in the field of cultural heritage.
PRELIMINARY ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF ERABUTOXIN-a

ABSTRACT An electrophysiological study of the action of erabutoxin–a, a purified neurotoxin from the sea snake Laticauda semifasciata, was made on the nerve muscle preparation of amphibians. The toxin blocked end-plate potentials and acetylcholine (ACh) potentials of innervated muscle. The effects of the toxin on miniature end-plate potentials was to decrease their frequency and amplitude, and was irreversible after three hr of washing. It did not affect the resting or action potential of muscle fibers, or the action potential of nerve. Preliminary investigations in our laboratory indicate that erabutoxin–a may have a unique blocking action at the presynaptic terminal, where it appears to decrease the release of transmitter. These studies also indicate that the toxin blocks the action of the transmitter at the end-plate of skeletal muscle, blocking irreversibly the nicotinic cholinergic ACh receptors. Additionally, it may block the release of transmitter from the presynaptic terminal without affecting the presynaptic action potential. Additional studies on the retina have shown that erabutoxin–a has no effect on the extracellularity recorded electroretinogram or ganglion cell responses. This indicates that there are probably no cholinergic nicotinic receptors involved in these circuits in the retina of frogs.
Cabozantinib exhibits potent antitumor activity in colorectal cancer patient-derived tumor xenograft models via autophagy and signaling mechanisms

Antiangiogenic therapy used in treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) inevitably succumbs to treatment resistance. Upregulation of MET may play an essential role to acquired anti-VEGF resistance. We previously reported that cabozantinib (XL184), an inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) including MET, AXL, and VEGFR2, had potent antitumor effects in mCRC patient-derived tumor explant models. In this study, we examined the mechanisms of cabozantinib sensitivity, using regorafenib as a control. The tumor growth inhibition index (TGII) was used to compare treatment effects of cabozantinib 30 mg/kg daily versus regorafenib 10 mg/kg daily for a maximum of 28 days in 10 PDX mouse models. In vivo angiogenesis and glucose uptake were assessed using dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI and [18F]-FDG-PET imaging, respectively. RNA-Seq, RTK assay, and immunoblotting analysis were used to evaluate gene pathway regulation in vivo and in vitro Analysis of TGII demonstrated significant antitumor effects with cabozantinib compared with regorafenib (average TGII 3.202 vs. 48.48, respectively; P = 0.007). Cabozantinib significantly reduced vascularity and glucose uptake compared with baseline. Gene pathway analysis showed that cabozantinib significantly decreased protein activity involved in glycolysis and upregulated proteins involved in autophagy compared with control, whereas regorafenib did not. The combination of two separate antiautophagy agents, SBI-0206965 and chloroquine, plus cabozantinib increased apoptosis in vitro Cabozantinib demonstrated significant antitumor activity, reduction in tumor vascularity, increased autophagy, and altered cell metabolism compared with regorafenib. Our findings support further evaluation of cabozantinib and combinational approaches targeting autophagy in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(10); 2112-22. ©2018 AACR.
A comparative study between GDP and NLP formulations for conceptual design of distillation columns

Abstract In this work, a rigorous tray-by-tray distillation column model is presented based on a new open-source modeling framework built on Pyomo that is designed to specifically support optimization of steady state and dynamic processes. The modeling framework allows for process synthesis and design of conventional tray columns either as an NLP or as a GDP problem. The model was used to simulate a distillation column for a binary mixture using three different property packages (Ideal, NRTL and Peng-Robinson), and the results are compared to results from existing commercial tools. Furthermore, a comparative case study is presented for an optimal column design problem using both frameworks.
Method for Quick Prediction of Hydraulic Conductivity and Soil-Water Retention of Unsaturated Soils:

Hydraulic conductivity and soil-water retention are two critical soil properties describing the fluid flow in unsaturated soils. Existing experimental procedures tend to be time consuming and labor...
Bimekizumab for the treatment of psoriatic disease.

Introduction: Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis are common diseases with significant physical and emotional burden. Several biologics are FDA-approved to treat psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, th...
Critical Thinking: Not Just for Synthesis Courses

The synthesis course is expected to engage students in critical thinking, but if critical thinking is a developmental process, what are the essential underpinnings to successful critical thinking that need to be developed prior to synthesis level course work? Borrowing heavily from other faculty groups at Mason and the AAC&U VALUE rubrics for critical and creative thinking, the Critical Thinking Faculty Learning Community created a â€œdevelopment of critical thinking rubricâ€ that outlines the progression of skills across a number of criteria. This rubric includes performance descriptions for the novice (expected in entry-level courses), the milestones of emerging and showing strength (typical of a synthesis course), and expert or advanced levels (more likely to be found in capstone courses). We will share data from the university-wide effort to assess critical thinking in synthesis courses and engage participants in a discussion of how to prepare Mason students for more advanced, sophisticated forms of critical thinking as they move through the university. It seems clear that to achieve the goals outlined for synthesis courses, students need some foundation in critical thinking from their lower division courses. In what ways can the university curriculum support these critical thinking goals? Panel members will share their experiences with cultivating critical thinking in their students at all levels of the curriculum.
New Perspective of Mitigating the Coffee-Ring Effect: Interfacial Assembly

The evaporation of particle-laden droplets on a substrate usually results in ring-like deposits due to particle migration to the contact lines. This ubiquitous phenomenon, known as the coffee-ring ...
Inception and ResNet: Same Training, Same Features.

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the dominant technology in computer vision today. Unfortunately, it’s not clear how different from each other the best CNNs really are. This paper measures the similarity between two well-known CNNs, Inception and ResNet, in terms of the features they extract from images. We find that Inception’s features can be well approximated as an affine transformation of ResNet’s features and vice-versa.
A machine learning framework for the analysis and prediction of catalytic activity from experimental data

Abstract We present a machine learning framework to explore the predictability limits of catalytic activity from experimental descriptor data (which characterizes catalyst formulations and reaction conditions). Artificial neural networks are used to fuse descriptor data to predict activity and we use principal component analysis (PCA) and sparse PCA to project the experimental data into an information space and with this identify regions that exhibit low- and high-predictability. Our framework also incorporates a constrained-PCA optimization formulation that identifies new experimental points while filtering out regions in the experimental space due to constraints on technology, economics, and expert knowledge. This allows us to navigate the experimental space in a more targeted manner. Our framework is applied to a comprehensive water–gas shift reaction data set, which contains 2228 experimental data points collected from the literature. Neural network analysis reveals strong predictability of activity across reaction conditions (e.g., varying temperature) but also reveals important gaps in predictability across catalyst formulations (e.g., varying metal, support, and promoter). PCA analysis reveals that these gaps are due to the fact that most experiments reported in the literature lie within narrow regions in the information space. We demonstrate that our framework can systematically guide experiments and the selection of descriptors in order to improve predictability and identify new promising formulations.
Black hole spectroscopy and AdS2 holography

We compute the spectrum of extremal nonBPS black holes in four dimensions by studying supergravity on their AdS2 × S2 near horizon geometry. We find that the spectrum exhibits significant simplifications even though supersymmetry is completely broken. We interpret our results in the framework of nAdS2/nCFT1 correspondence and by comparing with dimensional reduction from AdS3/CFT2 duality. As an additional test we compute quantum corrections to extremal black hole entropy on the nonBPS branch and recover results previously determined using very different methods.
Evidence and Practicalities of Aqueous Sublingual Immunotherapy, Tablet Sublingual Immunotherapy, and Oral Mucosal Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinitis and Allergic Asthma

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only disease-modifying treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). Multiple modalities of AIT dosed via sublingual or oral routes are becoming available. This review discusses current evidence and practicalities of aqueous and tablet sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and oral mucosal immunotherapy (OMIT) in the treatment of AR and allergic asthma. Several large-scale studies demonstrate the efficacy and safety of SLIT. These studies have led to the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) approval of tablet SLIT against grass, ragweed, and house dust mites (HDM). However, off-label use of aqueous SLIT is still practiced as a safe and effective alternative in polysensitized patients. Growing evidence suggests a role for SLIT in patients with allergic asthma. The literature supports the efficacy and safety of aqueous and tablet SLIT for AR, while some controversy remains over the utility of SLIT for allergic asthma. OMIT is currently in the early stages of development.
Dennis Brutus and the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee in Exile, 1966–1970

In July 1966, the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) re-emerged in exile in London. The arrival of Dennis Brutus, the coloured Rhodesian-born activist, poet, and educator, into the...
Computational study of electron paramagnetic resonance parameters for Mg and Zn impurities in β-Ga2O3

A computational study of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) g-tensors and hyperfine tensors in Mg- and Zn-doped β-Ga2O3 is presented. While Mg has been found previously to prefer the octahedral site, we find here that Zn prefers the tetrahedral substitutional site. The EPR signatures are found to be distinct for the two sites. Good agreement with experiment is found for the g-tensor and the hyperfine interaction for MgGa2, and predictions are made for the Zn case.
Protocol for a mouse CNS demyelination model induced by a combination of HSV-1 and IL-2.

Summary Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although viruses have been suggested to be a contributing environmental factor, conventional experimental MS mouse models do not account for this aspect. Here, we describe a mouse model to induce and evaluate demyelinating disease with both a viral and an immune component via ocular infection with a recombinant herpes simplex virus expressing murine interleukin-2. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hirose et al. (2020) .
Political polarization in support for subsidizing unprofitable coal power plants

Abstract Coal power plant-based energy production has declined dramatically since 2011, leading to calls from some politicians for government subsidies to support unprofitable coal power plants. This study is the first to use a nationally representative sample to assess American public support for subsidizing coal power plants. We find moderate public opposition overall along with a partisan divide, with liberal opposition and conservative support. In addition, messages that frame coal subsidies as contributing to air pollution vs. climate change do not have a differential effect on policy support, nor is there moderation by political ideology on the message frame. Finally, the level of political polarization around subsidizing coal power plants is similar in magnitude to public polarization around whether climate change should be a national priority - one of the most polarizing issues today. Overall, results suggest that policy proposals to subsidize coal power production, regardless of how they are framed, are likely to be acceptable to conservatives but draw liberal opposition.
Radiofrequency, Discography, and Vertebral Augmentation

Use of radiofrequency ablation has become common-place in the modern pain management practice. Various radiofrequency ablation types—traditional, pulsed, and cooled—are regularly utilized. With modern machines, much of the basic physics knowledge is managed without the provider’s direct knowledge though a basic understanding of these mechanisms can provide additional insight into the procedures. Grouped with radiofrequency, this chapter also contains questions on vertebral augmentation and discography.
The Future of the Public Trust: The Muddied Waters of Rockweed Management in Maine

Seaweeds, or more properly, intertidal macroalgae have never been easy to classify — by law or by science: they are not part of the animal kingdom, nor part of the plant kingdom (and scientific controversies about their phylogenetic placement abound), they are not completely on terra firma, nor completely submerged in ocean water. One such organism that exists at the space in between land and sea — the brown alga commonly known as Rockweed (Ascophyllum nodosum) presents an intriguing legal question with controversial implications that extend far beyond the shoreline. Recently, in Ross v. Acadian Seaplants, the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine (Court) ruled that Rockweed located within the intertidal zone is the property of the adjacent upland property owner, and therefore the public cannot enter intertidal lands to harvest Rockweed as a matter of right — a right that has been preserved for the harvest of shellfish species, fish species, and bird species. The legal status of Rockweed — the harvest of which is a growing commercial industry in the State of Maine — is important to the scientists that study its ecological benefits, the harvesters that collect it for commercial purposes, the state agency concerned with its sustainable management as a marine resource, and the coastal landowners that assert that seaweed is their private property. This article explores the legal justification for — and practical resource management issues associated with — the Court’s decision to treat a marine organism such as Rockweed that derives its nutrients from ocean water and not through a root system as private property.
Understanding emerging adult identity development through work at a residential outdoor environmental education program: an application of social practice theory

Most previous research on residential outdoor environmental education (ROEE) programs has focused on the outcomes associated with student participation in these learning experiences. In contrast to...
The Double Tradition in Luke (Q) 3–7 as a Macro-Chiasm and its Significance for the Synoptic Problem

The level of scepticism met by the concept of macro-chiasm in ancient literature is noticeably lower today than two decades ago, with sizable agreement coalescing around certain examples. One such example is found in the synoptic double-tradition material as it is preserved in Luke's Gospel, which provides the methodological foundation for the reconstruction of the hypothetical synoptic source document Q. This article explores the study of the macro-chiasm identified in Luke (Q) 3.7–7.35 and its implications for the synoptic problem. It also addresses the methodological considerations advanced by S. E. Porter and J. T. Reed in their NTS article two decades ago, meeting a certain stipulation placed by them upon subsequent scholarship.
Quantum Neural Network Parameter Estimation for Photovoltaic Fault Detection

In this paper, we describe solar array monitoring using various machine learning methods including neural networks. We study fault detection using a quantum computer system and compare against results with a classical computer. We specifically propose a quantum circuit for a neural network implementation for Photovoltaic (PV) fault detection. The quantum circuit is designed for two qubits. Results and comparisons are presented for PV fault detection using a classical and quantum implementation of neural networks. In addition, simulations of a Quantum Neural Network are carried for a different number of qubits and results are presented for PV fault detection.
Effects of adverse childhood experience on physiological regulation are moderated by evolved developmental niche history.

Childhood experiences of early life stress and adversity can lead to long-term detrimental outcomes across the lifespan. Recent evidence suggests avoiding stressors is not enough for species-typica...
Elbow: Importance and Biomechanics

The elbow joint serves as the important midpoint between the shoulder and the hand. Its concerted efforts with other joints of the upper extremity facilitate an arc of hand placement in space. This allows for lengthening and shortening of the upper extremity as necessary to grasp objects and navigate through the environment. It is comprised of several osseous and soft tissue structures that confer stability to the joint and contribute to its kinematics.
The Fiction of Leonhard Frank: A Survey

Although Leonhard Frank (1882-1961) is not well known nowadays, his works were widely read during his lifetime, and his major novels and short stories were quickly translated into most European languages, including Armenian, Bulgarian, and Lithuanian. He was also awarded several prizes for his works. More than most writers, Frank draws his subject matter from his own life and from events of his time. His work can be divided roughly into three periods. In his early period, which lasts until about 1930, Frank's works are mostly socially critical and activist. In his middle period, from about 1930 to 1945, he becomes disillusioned with social change and focuses instead on more private matters, especially the erotic. In the last years of his life, Frank's works are again socially critical, though erotic themes still appear.
Ischemic necrosis of the proximal gastric remnant. A complication of subtotal gastrectomy.

Abstract A case of ischemic gangrene of the proximal gastric remnant as well as a review of the literature are presented. This unusual complication may occur after the gastric pouch has been deprived of blood supplied by the ascending branches of the left gastric artery and the short gastric arteries. Treatment consists of prompt recognition and excision of all devitalized gastric tissue, preferably during the primary operation, or in the immediate postoperative period. Drainage of the peritoneal cavity affords the most reliable means by which this complication can be suspected.