cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Domestic Dislocations: Healthy Realism, stardom, and the cinematic projection of home in postwar Taiwan

ABSTRACTHealthy Realism was created under the auspices of the Nationalist Party (KMT) to project the party's domestic legitimacy and establish the place of Mandarin-language cinema in the international market. I ascribe the success of Healthy Realism less to its privileged origins within the state-run studio or propagandistic authority, but more to the semiotic work of its stars as key vectors in the transmission of film ideology. As long as the on- and off-screen images of its stars cohered, the genre could maintain its claims to realism. I examine Beautiful Duckling (1965), Lonely Seventeen (1967), and Execution in Autumn (1972), tracking changes to the trope of home as expressed primarily through the star image of Tang Pao-yun. Changes to the genre and Tang's image responded to geopolitical shifts, eventually exceeding both the formal and narrative constraints of Healthy Realism and exposing the ideological dissolution of ‘home’ under the preexisting authoritarian figurations.
Prostate cancer biomarkers: a current perspective

Genomic- and proteomic-based studies have led to the identification of a large number of candidate biomarkers, as well as signature patterns of multiple markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, disease progression and prediction of survival. While these candidates include the usual suspects, including oncogenes, proliferation markers and cytoskeletal proteins, there are many additional unexpected molecules such as those involved in processes such as transcriptional repression and fatty acid metabolism. Patterns of expression serving as useful biomarkers is a new and, as yet, clinically untested concept which promises to permit a consideration of the complex milieu of cancer. Exciting as these developments are, clinical application will have to await careful validation of these candidates by independent biochemical approaches over large and diverse samples.
Ring-assisted frequency discriminator with improved linearity

A frequency discriminator combining a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with ring resonators is proposed, analyzed and shown to offer a large improvement in linearity without any significant reduction in bandwidth. This can improve the performance of analog optical links by canceling the intermodulation distortion.
The Puzzle of Midterm Loss

This paper examines midterm election results since 1902, in order to account for the regularity with which the party controlling the presidency suffers an electoral decline at midterm. Standard interpretations account for midterm loss in terms of withdrawn presidential coattails (or regression-to-the-mean), surge-and-decline, or a negative referendum on presidential performance. None of these explanations is compatable with the historical data. A "presidential penalty" explanation, however, fits the data nicely. By this explanation, the midterm electorate penalized the president's party for being the party in power: holding constant the presidential year House vote, the president's party does much worse at midterm than it would if it did not control the presidency. Some implications of this finding are examined.
Testing oriented analysis of CMOS ICs with opens

In a typical approach to VLSI testing, open faults are modeled by the transistor-stuck-open fault model or are not explicitly covered at all. It is shown that functional faults caused by opens, i.e. by regions with missing material, cannot be modeled well by a transistor stuck-open. It is also shown that the majority of opens which occur in CMOS static circuits manifest themselves as timing faults. The analysis of the behavior of a CMOS transistor with a floating gate indicates it acts as a weakly 'on' active load, and therefore an open gate cannot be detected by stuck-fault testing but could be detected by monitoring the static current through the power buses. >
The College Student and Marijuana: Research Findings Concerning Adverse Biological and Psychological Effects.

Abstract Next to alcohol, marijuana is the most widely used drug among college students. Recent surveys of high reliability indicate that within the college age group approximately 21 million have smoked marijuana, and several millions smoke it daily. Research findings document clearly that marijuana has distinct adverse biological and psychological effects, even when smoked in moderate doses, and for short periods of time. The short-term and long-term adverse effects of the drug have important implications for the college community—especially the effects on short-term memory and learning, on psychomotor coordination, on behavior, and on reproduction. Moderate doses of marijuana impair intellectual functioning in several areas including the ability to read with comprehension, to acquire, to store and to recall information, and to communicate clearly. Moderate doses also impair motor coordination—especially driving skills, concentration, and judgment—a significant finding in light of the high incidence of ...
Multisensor ESA resource management

The integration of multiple sensors with an Electronically Scanned Array (ESA) for target tracking and resource management has been intensely investigated, and several effective techniques have been developed. Conventional techniques employ complex, decision-directed logic to select the target revisit interval and adjust the filter process noise to account for target maneuvers, but have the potential to improve performance. For most systems, each sensor provides its information to a central location where the integration occurs. This central track is employed for system decisions and provides a manageable tracking environment but restricts the potential for system improvement. An ESA is highly controllable and has the ability to greatly enhance tracking performance. Resource allocation for an ESA is critical, since it must support multiple functions, and several modern techniques have been developed to enhance its performance as a stand-alone sensor by effectively managing its time-energy budget. The integration of an ESA with other sensors can further enhance the tracking and reduce the resource allocation requirements of the ESA. This paper presents a technique for ESA resource management through the use of multisensor integration that employs the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) algorithm and the Probabilistic Data Association Filter (PDAF). Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this modern integration technique.
Isotopic Evolution of the Idaho Batholith and Challis Intrusive Province, Northern US Cordillera

The Idaho batholith and spatially overlapping Challis intrusive province in the North American Cordillera have a history of magmatism spanning some 55 Myr. New isotopic data from the 98Ma to 54Ma Idaho batholith and 51Ma to 43Ma Challis intrusions, coupled with recent geochronological work, provide insights into the evolution of magmatism in the Idaho segment of the Cordillera. Nd and Hf isotopes show clear shifts towards more evolved compositions through the batholith’s history and Pb isotopes define distinct fields correlative with the different age and compositionally defined suites of the batholith, whereas the Sr isotopic compositions of the various suites largely overlap.The subsequent Challis magmatism shows the full range of isotopic compositions seen in the batholith.These data suggest that the early suites of metaluminous magmatism (98^87 Ma) represent crust^mantle hybrids. Subsequent voluminous Atlanta peraluminous suite magmatism (83^67 Ma) results primarily from melting of different crustal components. This can be attributed to crustal thickening, resulting from either subduction processes or an outboard terrane collision. A later, smaller crustal melting episode, in the northern Idaho batholith, resulted in the Bitterroot peraluminous suite (66^54 Ma) and tapped different crustal sources. Subsequent Challis magmatism was derived from both crust and mantle sources and corresponds to extensional collapse of the over-thickened crust.
First reported case of Ehrlichia ewingii involving human bone marrow

A 65-year-old female with a history of multiple tick bites presented with fever and pancytopenia. Intracytoplasmic rickettsial morulae were detected on peripheral smear and bone marrow biopsy specimens, and PCR amplified Ehrlichia ewingii DNA from both specimens. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. ewingii infection of human bone marrow.
Effects of Time of Supplementation on Beef Stocker Calves Grazing Ryegrass. II. Grazing Behavior and Dry Matter Intake1

Grazing behavior of ruminants can be affected by different management practices, such as time of supplementation. Steers grazing ryegrass and supplemented with corn gluten feed (CGF) were evaluated for 2 consecutive years. Each year, 72 crossbred fall-weaned steers (BW = 227.6 ± 0.6 kg) were blocked by BW and biological type to 12 groups, which were then allotted to one of the following treatments (3 replicates): 1) control, nonsupplemented; 2) morning (0700 h) supplementation with 0.5% BW of CGF; 3) noon (1200 h) supplementation with 0.5% BW of CGF; or 4) afternoon (1600 h) supplementation with 0.5% BW of CGF. Electronic pedometers were attached to 1 steer/pasture during two 14-d periods (from d 45 to 59 and d 75 to 89 of grazing) to monitor behavior, and bite rate was also recorded. In the second year of the study, forage growth was estimated at 14-d intervals (7 periods) and, together with forage mass estimates, was used to determine forage DMI and allowance. Both were affected by period (P < 0.0001) during the grazing season, with lower forage growth rates in period 4. Dry matter intake was affected by treatment (P < 0.05). Steers receiving the supplement in the morning consumed less forage than those in the other treatments. Time of supplementation affected the grazing behavior of steers receiving the supplement in the afternoon, although this was not reflected in the forage DMI. These data suggest that time of supplementation may have affected grazing behavior, although level of supplement, type of supplement, or both need to be investigated.
Remediating Letter Reversals: Cost Considerations

This article addresses the question of costs associated with the remediation of learning disabilities. It is argued that whenever such practical considerations as teacher- or student-time prevail, the question of whether or not the training procedure is economical should be addressed. To accomplish such a cost analysis, the design must specify a meaningful scale along which costs may be gauged. The argument is illustrated with an experiment that utilized a fading technique to teach preschool children to correctly label p's and q's.
Imperial and Imperiled: The Curious State of TheExecutive

In the last four decades, characterizations of the Presidency have careened from the “imperial presidency” to the “imperiled presidency.” From an originalist perspective, both camps have elements of truth on their side. When it comes to the conduct and initiation of wars, modern Presidents exercise powers that rival those the Crown possessed in England. Presidents claim the power to start wars, notwithstanding Congress’s power to declare war. Moreover, Presidents insist that they have the sole right to determine how the armed forces will wage all wars, even though Congress clearly has considerable power over the armed forces. Law execution provides a fascinating contrast. The original Constitution established a single chief executive, empowered to execute all federal laws through subordinate executive officers. Over the course of almost a century and a half, Congresses have splintered the President’s executive power, committing slivers of it to each of the numerous independent agencies. In other words, alongside the Constitution’s unitary executive, a number of independent executive councils have taken root. Hence the President is imperial in some respects and imperiled in others.
Lifetime risks of specific breast cancer subtypes among women in four racial/ethnic groups

Breast cancer comprises clinically distinct subtypes, but most risk statistics consider breast cancer only as a single entity. To estimate subtype-specific lifetime breast cancer risks, we took advantage of population-based data for which information regarding tumor expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu (HER2) was newly available. We included women whose breast cancer was diagnosed in the state of California from 2006 to 2007 and was reported to the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (N = 40,936). We calculated absolute lifetime and age-specific probabilities (percent, 95% confidence interval) of developing breast cancer subtypes defined by ER, PR, and HER2 status - luminal (ER and/or PR-positive, HER2-negative), HER2-positive (ER and PR-positive or negative, HER2-positive), and triple-negative (ER-negative, PR-negative, and HER2-negative) - separately for white, black, Hispanic, and Asian women. The luminal breast cancer subtype predominates across racial/ethnic groups, with lifetime risk lowest in Hispanic women (4.60%, 4.41-4.80%) and highest in white women (8.10%, 7.94-8.20%). HER2-positive breast cancer varies less by race (1.56-1.91%). Lifetime risk of triple-negative breast cancer is highest in black women (1.98%, 1.80-2.17%), compared to 0.77% (0.67-0.88%) for Asians, 1.04% (0.96-1.13%) for Hispanics and 1.25% (1.20-1.30%) for whites. Across racial/ethnic groups, nearly half of all luminal breast cancers occur after age 70. These absolute risk estimates may inform health policy and resource planning across diverse populations, and can help patients and physicians weigh the probabilities of developing specific breast cancer subtypes against competing health risks.
Stoichiometric analysis of the TM2 6′ phenylalanine mutation on desensitization in α1β2 and α1β2γ2 GABAA receptors

Abstract The presence of phenylalanine (F) at the 6′ position of transmembrane domain 2 (TM2) in the α4 subunit of α4β2 nicotinic receptors enhances desensitization. As the GABA A receptor affords the ability to study the influence of as few as one and as many as five Fs at this position, we have used it to investigate potential subunit- and stoichiometry-dependent effects of the TM2 6′F mutation on desensitization. Whereas the presence of one F at this position decreased extent of desensitization, desensitization was increased in all configurations that included two or more Fs at the TM2 6′ position; desensitization was particularly rapid with 3 or 4 F residues present. Our results demonstrate the ability of F residues at the TM2 6′ position to modulate desensitization is likely conserved in the cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels. Moreover, our findings demonstrate both stoichiometric- and subunit-dependent effects of the ability of this mutation to regulate desensitization in GABA A receptors.
Quantitative modeling of currents from a voltage gated ion channel undergoing fast inactivation.

Ion channels play a central role in setting gradients of ion concentration and electrostatic potentials, which in turn regulate sensory systems and other functions. Based on the structure of the open configuration of the Kv1.2 channel and the suggestion that the two ends of the N-terminal inactivating peptide form a bivalent complex that simultaneously blocks the channel pore and binds to the cytoplasmic T1 domain, we propose a six state kinetic model that for the first time reproduces the kinetics of recovery of the Drosophila Shaker over the full range of time scales and hyperpolarization potentials, including tail currents. The model is motivated by a normal mode analysis of the inactivated channel that suggests that a displacement consistent with models of the closed state propagates to the T1 domain via the S1-T1 linker. This motion stretches the bound (inactivating) peptide, hastening the unblocking of the pore. This pulling force is incorporated into the rates of the open to blocked states, capturing the fast recovery phase of the current for repolarization events shorter than 1 ms. If the membrane potential is hyperpolarized, essential dynamics further suggests that the T1 domain returns to a configuration where the peptide is unstretched and the S1-T1 linker is extended. Coupling this novel hyperpolarized substate to the closed, open and blocked pore states is enough to quantitatively estimate the number of open channels as a function of time and membrane potential. A straightforward prediction of the model is that a slow ramping of the potential leads to very small currents.
Substituting Homemade Fruit Juice for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Is Associated with Lower Odds of Metabolic Syndrome among Hispanic Adults

Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) has been associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, studies conducted on Hispanic adults are scarce. To determine the association between beverages consumed by Hispanic adults and MetS and its components, data were analyzed in 1872 Costa Rican adults who served as controls of a population-based, case-control study of coronary heart disease. Multivariate-adjusted means were calculated for components of MetS by servings (never, ≤ 1/wk; 2-6/wk, ≥ 1/d) of 2 traditional fruit-based beverages ("fresco" and freshly-squeezed homemade fruit juice, separately) and 2 SSB (instant drinks and regular sodas, separately and combined). The prevalence ratio (PR) of MetS was calculated for each beverage and the OR was calculated by substituting one serving of homemade fruit juice or water for one of SSB. Significant positive trends were observed for increasing servings of instant drinks with plasma TG and waist circumference and for regular soda with waist circumference (all P-trend < 0.001). Increasing servings of homemade fruit juice were positively associated with HDL cholesterol (P-trend = 0.033). Consuming ≥1 serving/d of instant drinks was associated with a higher PR of MetS [1.42 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.83)] compared with no consumption. Substituting one serving of homemade fruit juice for instant drink was associated with 29% (95% CI: 7, 47%) lower odds of MetS and for regular soda with 30% (95% CI: 1, 50%) lower odds. Substituting water for combined SSB was marginally significant (OR = 0.86 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.00). In conclusion, reducing the consumption of SSB and substituting them with homemade fruit juices in moderation may be a culturally appropriate approach to lower MetS among Hispanic adults.
DIVERSIFYING COEVOLUTION BETWEEN CROSSBILLS AND BLACK SPRUCE ON NEWFOUNDLAND

Coevolution is increasingly recognized as an important process structuring geographic variation in the form of selection for many populations. Here we consider the importance of a geographic mosaic of coevolution to patterns of crossbill (Loxia) diversity in the northern boreal forests of North America. We examine the relationships between geographic variation in cone morphology, bill morphology, and feeding performance to test the hypothesis that, in the absence of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), black spruce (Picea mariana) has lost seed defenses directed at Tamiasciurus and that red crossbills (L. curvirostra) and black spruce have coevolved in an evolutionary arms race. Comparisons of cone morphology and several indirect lines of evidence suggest that black spruce has evolved defenses in response to Tamiasciurus on mainland North America but has lost these defenses on Newfoundland. Cone traits that deter crossbills, including thicker scales that require larger forces to separate, are elevated in black spruce on Newfoundland, and larger billed crossbills have higher feeding performances than smaller billed crossbills on black spruce cones from Newfoundland. These results imply that the large bill of the Newfoundland crossbill (L. c. percna) evolved as an adaptation to the elevated cone defenses on Newfoundland and that crossbills and black spruce coevolved in an evolutionary arms race on Newfoundland during the last 9000 years since glaciers retreated. On the mainland where black spruce is not as well defended against crossbills, the small-billed white-winged crossbill (L. leucoptera leucoptera) is more efficient and specializes on seeds in the partially closed cones. Finally, reciprocal adaptations between crossbills and conifers are replicated in black spruce and Rocky Mountain lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia), with coevolution most pronounced in isolated populations where Tamiasciurus are absent as a competitor. This study further supports the role of Tamiasciurus in determining the selection mosaic for crossbills and suggests that a geographic mosaic of coevolution has been a prominent factor underlying the diversification of North American crossbills.
Analysis of the three-dimensional trajectories of organisms: estimates of velocity, curvature and torsion from positional information.

Most biological motions are three-dimensional. This includes the trajectories of whole organisms and of their appendages. While recordings of three-dimensional trajectories are sometimes published, quantitative analysis of these trajectories is uncommon, primarily because there are no standard techniques or conventions in biology for the analysis of three-dimensional trajectories. This paper describes a new technique, finite helix fit (FHF), based on the geometry of three-dimensional curves, whereby a three-dimensional trajectory is completely described by its velocity, curvature and torsion. FHF estimates these parameters from discretely sampled points on a trajectory (i.e. from positional data such as x,y,z coordinates). Other measures of motion can be derived from these parameters, such as the translational and rotational (or angular) velocities of an organism. The performance of the algorithms is demonstrated using simulated trajectories and trajectories of freely swimming organisms (a flagellate, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; a ciliate, Paramecium tetraurelia; spermatozoa of a sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata; larvae of an ascidian, Botrylloides sp.).
[Fe–Fe] hydrogenase models: Iron(I)-carbonyl clusters coupled to alpha- and para-toluenethiolate ligands

Abstract Two linkage isomers composing of diironhexacarbonyl clusters coupled to α and p -toluenethiolate ligands have been usefully prepared in moderate yields. The composition of both compounds, [( μ 2 -( p -toluenethiolato)) 2 Fe 2 (CO) 6 ] ( 1 ) and [( μ 2 -( α -toluenethiolato)) 2 Fe 2 (CO) 6 ] ( 2 ), have been determined by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. A tetrairondodecacarbonyl complex, [ μ 4 -S ( μ 2 -( α -toluenethiolato)Fe 2 (CO) 6 ) 2 ] ( 3 ), was isolated from the reaction mixture of 2 . The molecular structures of 2 and 3 determined by X-ray diffraction are discussed. An exploration of the influence of the α- and p -toluenethiolate ligands on the electronic and electrochemical properties of the iron-carbonyl units have been accomplished using infrared spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. In the presence of acetic acid, compounds 1 , 2 and 3 catalyze the electrochemical generation of molecular hydrogen. The proton reduction overpotentials for compounds 1 and 2 were determined to be 0.76 V and 0.85 V versus Fc/Fc + respectively in acetonitrile as solvent. Comparatively, compound 1 produces hydrogen at an overpotential 90 mV lower than compound 2 .
Outcomes following the implantation of cardioverter-defibrillator for primary prevention in transposition of the great arteries after intra-atrial baffle repair: a single-centre experience

Aims Patients with D-loop transposition of the great arteries (D-TGA) status post intra-atrial baffling are at an increased risk for sudden cardiac arrest. The benefit of primary implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation in these patients is questionable due to high burden of adverse events. We aimed to evaluate the incidence and causes of all types of device shocks, as well as of device-related complications among patients with D-TGA implanted with ICDs for primary prevention. Methods and results Retrospective analysis of all patients with D-TGA who underwent atrial switch procedure and ICD implantation for primary prevention. Eighteen patients (83% males) were identified. Average age at atrial switch was 2.5 years (range 0.1–17) and at ICD implantation 26 years (15–41). During a median follow-up of 4 years, 10 patients (55%) received shocks for non-ventricular arrhythmic events, whereas 1 patient was shocked for ventricular tachycardia, for an annual rate of shock delivery of 7.1%. The most common cause for shock delivery was the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias, mostly in the form of atrial flutter. Elevated systemic ventricular end-diastolic pressures were found to be associated with an increased risk for inappropriate shocks. Five patients (28%) required lead extraction and three required generator change due to device recalls during follow-up. Conclusion Atrial arrhythmias were the most common cause for ICD shocks in a primary prevention population, while ventricular tachycardia was infrequent. The association between elevated end-diastolic pressures and the occurrence of arrhythmias demonstrates the close mechano-electrical relationship in D-TGA and may be an important predictor of arrhythmic events.
Mutations Decreasing Intrinsic β-Lactam Resistance Are Linked to Cell Division in the Nosocomial Pathogen Acinetobacter baumannii

Transposon mutagenesis was used to identify novel determinants of intrinsic β-lactam resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii An EZ-Tn5 transposon insertion in a gene corresponding to the A1S_0225 sequence resulted in a 4-fold decrease in resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, and ceftriaxone but did not alter resistance to other classes of antibiotics. Based on this phenotype, the gene was designated blhA (β-lactam hypersusceptibility). The blhA::EZ-Tn5 mutation conferred a similar phenotype in A. baumannii strain ATCC 17978. The wild-type blhA gene complemented the blhA::EZTn5 insertion and restored β-lactam resistance levels back to wild-type levels. The blhA mutation also increased β-lactam susceptibility in an adeB adeJ double mutant, indicating that the blhA mutation acted independently of these efflux systems to mediate susceptibility. In addition, mRNA levels for the blaOXA and blaADC β-lactamase genes were not altered by the blhA mutation. The blhA mutation resulted in a prominent cell division and morphological defect, with cells exhibiting a highly elongated phenotype, combined with large bulges in some cells. The blhA gene is unique to Acinetobacter and likely represents a novel gene involved in cell division. Three additional mutations, in zipA, zapA, and ftsK, each of which encode predicted cell division proteins, also conferred increased β-lactam susceptibility, indicating a common link between cell division and intrinsic β-lactam resistance in A. baumannii.
MOVIMENTOS NACIONAIS DE TRABALHADORES E CONEXÕES TRANSNACIONAIS: a evolução da arquitetura das forças sociais do trabalho no neoliberalismo

A era neoliberal minou os direitos dos trabalhadores e o poder das forcas sociais do trabalho a nivel nacional, mas foi caracterizada, tambem, como uma era do novo “transnacionalismo do movimento dos trabalhadores”. Mudancas conjunturais a nivel nacional foram fundamentais para aumentar a abertura as aliancas transnacionais. Uma analise das campanhas evidencia isso. Avaliar as conexoes entre movimentos nacionais de trabalhadores e a nova infraestrutura organizacional que emergiu no neoliberalismo e um ponto de partida necessario para construir teorias mais apuradas sobre as dinâmicas das contestacoes das forcas sociais do trabalho ao capital global. Palavras-chave: Trabalhadores. Sindicatos globais. Transnacionalismo. Sindicatos nacionais. Neoliberalismo. Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Labor Productivity in Retailing

This paper is the first stage of an analysis of the determinants of productivity and productivity change throughout the channel of distribution. The model is related to the extant literature on pro...
Socioeconomic Status of Women Entrepreneurs in Kerala and Tamil Nadu

For sustained economic development and social justice, socioeconomic status of women should be improved along with that of the men folk. Socioeconomic freedom gives women the right to determine the course of their lives. Entrepreneurship enhances the social standing of women. Entrepreneurial activity is dependent on several complex economic, social, and psychological factors. Thus, for any attempt made to understand the entrepreneurial activity among women, an analysis of their socioeconomic status is necessary. The present study had been undertaken to assess the socioeconomic status of women entrepreneurs in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The respondents of the study consisted of registered women entrepreneurs of both Kerala and Tamil Nadu . The sample consisted of 327 women entrepreneurs from Kerala and 160 women entrepreneurs from Tamil Nadu. For the purpose of analysis, statistical tools like percentages, rank test, chi-square test, and z-test were used. The study revealed that the women entrepreneurs in Kerala and Tamil Nadu were similar in the following aspects viz. decision-making power, power exercised in the business, degree of involvement in social activities, and reason for involvement in social activities. With respect to the economic status of women entrepreneurs, significant differences were perceived in their annual sales, income, expenditure, annual savings, amount invested in total assets, fixed assets, amount of working capital at their disposal, and also in the percentage change in total assets, fixed assets, annual income, and in annual savings.
Analysis on concentration of lead,cadmium,and mercury in agricultural products of Ningbo in 2011

Objective:To learn the level of lead,cadmium and mercury in agricultural products of Ningbo and to evaluate the safety quality for eating.Methods:550 representative,typical and timely local samples including 12 species were collected in whole city of Ningbo and analyzed by GB/T5009.Results:The detection rates of lead,cadmium and mercury were 46.5%,70.9% and 13.1% and the over standard rates were 1.1%,4.9% and 0.91% in 550 samples.Conclusion:The sanitary quality of agricultural products in our city in 2011 was all right,but some agricultural products were found over-limit,which should be paid high attention.
CONTROL OF THE RESOURCES STARTING-UP OF FMS

This paper introduces a concept of time-delay of resources,forming a dynamic network for the des- cription of FMS;gives an approach for calculating the eigen-value of the system from frequency domain viewpoint;studies the method of resource starting-up in dynamic sequencing;gives the condition for realizing optimal resources starting-up and the method for solving it.
A Question of Love and Trust? The Role of Relationship Factors in Adolescent Sexual Decision Making.

ABSTRACT:Objective:While representing only 25% of the sexually active population, 50% of all new sexually transmitted infections occur among young people mostly because of inconsistent condom use. Critically, the majority of adolescent sexual activity takes place in the context of romantic relations
Absolute Alpha with Moving Averages: A Consistent Trading Strategy

In this paper, we introduce a trading strategy assuming price action to be a martingale. Borrowing the philosophy from short- and long-run reversal strategy, we quantify specific entry points for traders to act on. Such strategy allows traders to allocate risk on benchmark in a reasonable manner.
Effects of intravenous lipopolysaccharide administration on feed intake, ruminal forage degradability, and liquid parameters and physiological responses in beef cattle.

Abstract This experiment compared DMI, ruminal forage degradability, and liquid parameters as well as physiological responses in beef cattle receiving a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge or not. Eight ruminally cannulated Angus × Hereford steers (485 ± 16 kg BW) were housed in individual pens on d -7, ranked by BW, and allocated to 1 of 2 treatments administered on d 0: 1) an intravenous (i.v.) bolus dose (0.5 μg/kg of BW, diluted in 5 mL of 0.9% sterile saline) of bacterial LPS ( 0111:B4) or 2) a 5-mL i.v. injection of 0.9% sterile saline (CON). Steers had free-choice access to mixed alfalfa-grass hay, water, and a commercial vitamin + mineral mix during the experiment (d -7 to 6). Hay DMI was evaluated daily from d -5 to 6. Immediately prior to treatment administration (h 0), polyester bags containing 4 g of ground dietary hay (DM basis) were immersed into the rumen of each steer and incubated for 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, and 48 h for DM and NDF degradability evaluation. Steers were also intraruminally pulse-dosed with 5 g of Co-EDTA immediately prior to treatment administration, and rumen fluid samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h for ruminal liquid volume and dilution rate calculations. Blood was collected every 2 h from -2 to 8 h, every 4 h from 8 to 16 h, every 12 h from 24 to 72 h, and every 24 h from 96 to 144 h relative to treatment administration. Values obtained before treatment administration were used as a covariate within each respective analysis. Steers receiving LPS had less ( ≤ 0.03) DMI on d 0 and 1 compared with CON steers. Steers receiving LPS had reduced ( ≤ 0.05) rumen liquid volume and dilution rate as well as ruminal disappearance rate and effective degradability of DM and NDF compared with CON steers. Steers receiving LPS had greater ( ≤ 0.05) plasma tumor necrosis factor α at 2 h, greater plasma haptoglobin from 24 to 72 h, greater plasma cortisol from 12 to 16 h, greater serum NEFA from 6 to 48 h, greater plasma insulin and glucose at 2 h, reduced plasma glucose from 4 to 12 h, greater plasma cholecystokinin at 16 h, and greater plasma leptin concentrations at 8, 12, 16, 36, 48, and 60 h after treatment administration compared with CON steers. Hence, LPS administration transiently reduced DMI in steers via physiological reactions that modulate gastrointestinal motility and satiety centers in the central nervous system, in addition to potential host-microbiome endocrine interactions that impaired ruminal hay DM and NDF degradability.
A hybrid stochastic game for secure control of cyber-physical systems

Abstract In this paper, we establish a zero-sum, hybrid state stochastic game model for designing defense policies for cyber-physical systems against different types of attacks. With the increasingly integrated properties of cyber-physical systems (CPS) today, security is a challenge for critical infrastructures. Though resilient control and detecting techniques for a specific model of attack have been proposed, to analyze and design detection and defense mechanisms against multiple types of attacks for CPSs requires new system frameworks. Besides security, other requirements such as optimal control cost also need to be considered. The hybrid game model we propose contains physical states that are described by the system dynamics, and a cyber state that represents the detection mode of the system composed by a set of subsystems. A strategy means selecting a subsystem by combining one controller, one estimator and one detector among a finite set of candidate components at each state. Based on the game model, we propose a suboptimal value iteration algorithm for a finite horizon game, and prove that the algorithm results an upper bound for the value of the finite horizon game. A moving-horizon approach is also developed in order to provide a scalable and real-time computation of the switching strategies. Both algorithms aim at obtaining a saddle-point equilibrium policy for balancing the system’s security overhead and control cost. The paper illustrates these concepts using numerical examples, and we compare the results with previously system designs that only equipped with one type of controller.
Mechanistic Insights into Transmissible Cancers of Mammals

Transmissible cancers are clonal lineages that spread through populations via contagious cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Cell, two articles by Stammnitz et al. and Frampton et al. present novel insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the propagation of naturally occurring transmissible cancers in mammals.
Training Nephrology Fellows in Temporary Hemodialysis Catheters and Kidney Biopsies Is Not Needed and Should Not Be Required

This opinion piece argues against the training of all nephrology fellows in the United States in our profession’s two major procedures: dialysis catheter insertion and percutaneous kidney biopsies. Many of us choose nephrology as a career because of a role model’s influence, the intriguing
State, Metropolitan Area, and County Income Estimation

The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) maintains a program of State and local area (county and metropolitan area) economic measurement that centers on the personal income measure. This program originated in 1939 when estimates of income payments to individuals by State were first published. At the national level, personal income is the principal income measure in the personal income and outlay account, one of the five accounts that compose the national income and product accounts. The State and local area personal income estimates are derived by disaggregating the detailed components of the national personal income estimates to States and counties. Estimates for all other geographic areas are made by aggregating either the State or county estimates in the appropriate combinations. This building block approach permits estimates for areas whose boundaries change over time, such as metropolitan areas, to be presented on a consistent geographic defmition for all years.
The endocrine response to critical illness

The endocrine response to stress is complex. Elevations in the serum concentrations of the "classic" stress hormones, epinephrine and cortisol, occur following many kinds of physiologic challenge and are accompanied by elevations in corticotropin, GH, and glucagon levels. These changes are probably responsible for the hyperglycemia and hypercatabolism common to most critical illness. If volume depletion is present, vasopressin, renin, and aldosterone secretion are also likely to be stimulated. These hormones, if present in excess, may produce fluid retention and hyponatremia. In some critically ill patients, there is a dissociation of renin and aldosterone production called hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism, but the clinical importance of this syndrome is poorly understood. Thyroid hormone metabolism is commonly affected by critical illness, which results in characteristic abnormalities of thyroid function testing known as the euthyroid sick syndrome. The reproductive axis is exquisitely sensitive to physiologic stress; hypogonadotropic hypogonadism is a common finding in critical illness. The ongoing challenge to the clinician is to determine whether seemingly abnormal hormone measurements in critically ill patients reflect an appropriate homeostatic response to severe illness or, instead, whether they denote an independent metabolic disorder that might actually cause or contribute to the patient's unstable condition. In view of the exceedingly complex (and poorly understood) interactions involved in the human response to a severe illness, a thoughtful approach to the whole patient is essential and far preferable to indiscriminate hormone testing. Such testing, at best, may be uninterpretable in light of the clinical circumstances or, at worst, may lead to therapeutic misadventures.
Analysis of minimum-variance and Wiener-filtered beamforming strategies

We show that the minimum-variance (MV), Wienerfiltered (WF), and other beamformers can be derived as approximations to the ideal-observer’s strategy for lesion feature discrimination. We analyze breast lesion discrimination performance for five beamformers. Four of the five include matching filtering of receive-channel signal before summation, because there is no loss of task information in the RF signals due to this beamforming. Differences among beamformers occur depending on how they prepare RF signals for demodulation. Generally the MV and WF beamformers decorrelate the echo signals the most before demodulation, which transfers more task information into the B-mode data. We find the WF beamformer performs better than others because it is the closest approximation to the ideal observer strategy. The MV beamformer requires an additional low-rank approximation that handicaps performance for discriminating four of the five lesion features, but performs well for the fifth task because reducing rank filters data that is well matched to the task 5 feature spectrum. However, similarly reducing the rank of the WF filter makes it the beamformer of choice. Index Terms breast cancer, ideal observer, task-based design
Hoffa's Disease in a Modern Dancer Case Report and Literature Review

We present the case of a modern dancer at the university level with left knee pain as a result of Hoffa's disease. A comprehensive literature review of Hoffa's disease indicates that it may be an under-recognized condition. Predisposing factors in dance training include torsion and hyperextension at the knee, particularly in conjunction with pelvic instability and weakness. Clinicians should be cognizant of this differential diagnosis when evaluating dancers with knee pain. We present a detailed progressive rehabilitation protocol including transitional interventions for Hoffa's disease in the dancer.
Defect Structure of Y1-yCayMnO3 and La1-yCayMnO3: II. Oxidation-Reduction Behavior

Abstract Electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and thermogravimetric behavior of compositions in the systems Y1-yCayMnO3 and Y1-yCayMnO3 were studied as functions of temperature and ambient oxygen activity in order to determine the mechanism of electrical transport and defect structure. Compositions in Y1-yCayMnO3 exhibited very slight oxygen activity-dependent behavior as the ambient oxygen activity was reduced. A defect model which includes the thermally excited disproportionation of Mn3+ into Mn2+ and Mn4+ pairs was applied to the oxygen-activity-dependent data for La0.80Ca0.20MnO3 and La0.60Ca0.40MnO3. For these compositions, the experimentally observed dependence of oxygen stoichiometry, electrical conductivity, and Seebeck coefficient upon ambient oxygen activity was explained using this model.
Effect of leukoreduction and pathogen reduction on the hemostatic function of whole blood.

Background There is renewed interest in the use of whole blood (WB) for resuscitation of patients in hemorrhagic shock. Leukoreduction with platelet-sparing filters and pathogen reduction may be used to improve the safety profile of WB, yet the effects of leukoreduction and pathogen reduction on WB hemostatic function are not well characterized. Study design and methods Blood from 32 healthy group O donors was divided into treatment groups (n = 8 for each group): untreated, pathogen reduced (PR+ ), leukoreduced using an in-line filter (LR+ ), or PR+ LR+ . Units were stored without agitation for 21 days between 1° and 6°C, with sampling on days 0 (pre- and post-treatments), 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 21 for hemostatic function as assessed by thromboelastometry, thrombin generation, platelet activation factors, and platelet impedance aggregometry. Results From day 3 (D3) to D15 of storage, platelet count was reduced in PR+ /LR+ units compared to PR- /LR- units. From D10 to D21 of storage, maximum clot firmness (MCF) was reduced in PR+ /LR+ units compared to PR- /LR- units. From D3 to D21 of storage, platelet aggregation was reduced in PR+ /LR+ units compared to PR- /LR- units. Total thrombin generation was similar in all groups from D0 to D21. Conclusions The combination of LR with a platelet-sparing filter and PR significantly reduces hemostatic function compared to either treatment alone or untreated WB. The clinical consequences of LR and PR of WB in patients with severe bleeding should be examined in trials before both are used in combination in patients.
Evaluation of a Rapid Assessment Questionnaire Using a Biomarker for Dietary Intake of n-3 Fatty Acids.

While there is considerable evidence supporting health benefits of consuming diets high in omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, there is no quick and effective tool to measure n-3 intake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a rapid assessment questionnaire (the Omega-3 Checklist) used to quantify intake of n-3 fatty acids. This was done by comparing n-3 intakes to blood biomarkers of n-3 exposure in a population of healthy men and women. In addition, a separate analysis was run including covariates age, sex, and weight, which have been shown to affect n-3 biomarker levels. Reported intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docoshexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA + DHA was correlated with erythrocyte EPA (Spearman's rank correlation rs = 0.51, p < 0.001), DHA (rs = 0.54, p < 0.001), and the Omega-3 Index (rs = 0.57, p < 0.001). These associations remained significant when controlling for age, sex, and weight. Therefore, the Omega-3 Checklist can be a useful, rapid assessment tool to estimate individuals' EPA and DHA intake.
Consumption of Black Raspberries Altered the Composition of the Fecal Microbiome in Mice Fed a Western Type Diet (OR04-01-19)

Dietary strategies to reduce colonic inflammation and promote gut homeostasis may markedly reduce the risk of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Previously, we showed that dietary supplementation with black raspberries significantly suppressed colitis and colon tumorigenesis promoted by the consumption a Western type diet in mice. In this study, our goal was to assess the impact of consumption of the TWD with and without black raspberry supplementation on the composition of the fecal microbiome over the course of disease development. C57BL/6 J male mice were fed a standard diet (AIN93G), the total Western diet (TWD), TWD + 5% (w/w) black raspberry powder (BRB) or TWD + 10% (w/w) BRB for 16 weeks total. After two weeks of feeding test diets, all mice were dosed with axozymethane and provided 1% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for 10 days to promote colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis. Composition of the fecal microbiome was determined by standard 16S rRNA sequencing following two weeks of dietary treatment, during active colitis immediately following DSS treatment and again two weeks later during the recovery period. Fecal microbiome profiles in mice fed diets supplemented with 5 or 10% BRB were distinct from those fed AIN93G or TWD diets, shown by significant differences in beta diversity at each of the time points (unweighted unifrac distance, permanova P < 0.01). During active colitis, alpha diversity was significantly reduced in mice fed TWD + 10%BRB compared to TWD-fed positive controls (Chao1, P = 0.04; Shannon, P = 0.006). Also of interest, LEfSe analysis identified bacteria families Bifidobacteriacea (Bifidobacteriumpseudolongum), Streptococcaceae (genus Lactococcus), and Turicibacteraceae (genus Turicibacter) as discriminating taxa for mice fed TWD with BRB supplementation compared to those fed TWD. Also during colitis, both Bifidobacteriaceae and Turicibacteraceae families also distinguished TWD + BRB groups from mice fed AIN93G diet, whereas Verrucomicrobiaceae (Akkermansia muciniphila) distinguished TWD-fed mice from AIN93G negative controls. Consumption of BRB at diet-relevant concentrations altered the composition of the gut microbiome in favor of some known health-promoting bacteria, a change the may explain the suppression of colitis and colon tumorigenesis previously observed. USDA NIFA Grant# 2018-67017-27516 and Utah Agricultural Experiment Station Project UTA-1178.