cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient Parallel Computation of Molecular Potential Energy Surfaces for the Study of Light-Induced Transition Dynamics in Multiple Coordinates

The conformational dynamics of molecules that arise due to light-induced transitions are critically important in many biochemical reactions, and therefore dictate the functionality of many types of biological sensors. Therefore, researchers of biological science and biological-inspired technology often need to prescribe the molecular geometry of the stable states and the associated transition trajectories that occur as a result of external excitation, e.g., light-induced transitions from the ground state to the excited states. The traditional approach to study this type of phenomenology is to limit the number of varying molecular coordinates to one or a few due to the considerable computational expense of the required physically modeling required for generating an accurate physical model for analysis. While the conformational dynamics for some types of simple molecules (e.g., retinal) are known to be adequately described by one or few numbers of molecular coordinates, light-induced transitions in arbitrarily complex molecules can be expected to involve the influence of multiple coordinates, and their influence can be expected to vary as a function of time. The research reported here will address the development of parallel computational algorithms that allow for the highly efficient study of molecular conformational dynamics over multiple numbers of multidimensional energy surfaces. Here, the goal is the development of a simulation tool that is capable of: constructing physically accurate multidimensional potential energy surfaces (i.e., from first-principle physical modeling codes); deriving the natural trajectories to local minima within individual surfaces; and that allows for dynamics human interfacing for specifying the transition between energy surfaces and the number of coordinates to be used for the optimization within a particular energy surface. As will be illustrated, this type of physics-based simulation tool will allow researchers to efficiently explore the light-induced conformation dynamics associated with complex biomolecules, and therefore, be a useful tool for the design of biological-sensing processes in the future.
Physical Activity Measured by the SenseWear Armband in Women With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often are sedentary and have an increased risk of developing comorbid conditions. Women with RA are more likely to experience challenges in maintaining an active lifestyle over their life span than men with RA or people who are healthy. As the benefits of physical activity (PA) are well known, measuring PA accurately in this population is important. Objectives The purposes of this study were: (1) to characterize PA as measured with the SenseWear Armband (SWA) in women with RA and (2) to determine the measurement time frame to obtain consistent estimates of PA and daily energy expenditure (EE) in women with RA. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods Participants wore the SWA for 7 days. Measurements of daily total energy expenditure (TEE), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) during activities at or above 1 metabolic equivalent (MET) level (PAEE≥1MET), PAEE during activities at or above 2 METs (PAEE≥2METs), PAEE during activities at or above 3 METs (PAEE≥3METs), and number of steps were obtained. Results Fifty-three women participated. Complete data were obtained for 47 participants (89%). Daily usage of the SWA was 98% of the time (23:31 hours/24 hours). Means (SD) were 2,099 (340) kcal/d for TEE, 1,050 (331) kcal/d for PAEE≥1MET, 642 (309) kcal/d for PAEE≥2METs, 239 (178) kcal/d for PAEE≥3METs, and 7,260 (2,710) for number of steps. Results of intraclass correlation coefficient analyses and multiple linear regressions indicated that 2 days were needed to reliably estimate TEE; 3 days for PAEE≥1MET, PAEE≥2METs, and number of steps; and 4 days for PAEE≥3METs. Limitations The sample was composed of well-educated women with RA who had mild to moderate difficulty performing daily activities. Conclusion The SWA may be useful to quantify PA in women with RA and to monitor effectiveness of interventions aiming to increase PA levels. Minimizing the number of days necessary for data collection will reduce the individual's burden and may improve adherence in studies of PA behaviors.
Effects of Albendazole on Echinococcus multilocularis Infection in the Mongolian Jird

Albendazole chemotherapy of larval Echinococcus multilocularis was studied in the Mongolian jird by administration of medicated feed at various concentrations and durations. The effects were evaluated by comparison of treated and control groups in terms of host mortality, larval metastases to the lungs, and final weight and histologic appearance of larval tissue. Viability of larval tissue at necropsy of each animal was tested by inoculation into two noninfected jirds. Albendazole-medicated feed (0.05%-0.10%) significantly inhibited larval growth. Other effects of the drug included larval degeneration and necrosis, inhibition of protoscolex formation, decreased pulmonary metastases, and reduced mortality of hosts. Adverse effects on the parasite correlated significantly with serum albendazole metabolite levels and duration of therapy. However, serum albendazole levels in jirds equal to or exceeding concentrations achieved in humans receiving daily doses of 10 mg/kg of body weight did not kill the parasite.
Holy Stigmata, Anorexia and Self-Mutilation: Parallels in Pain and Imagining

This paper explores the comparative dynamics of self-mutilation among young, contemporary, female self-cutters, and the holy stigmatics of the Middle Ages. It addresses the types of personalities that engage in self-mutilation and how some manipulate their self-inflicted pain into a method for healing and empowerment. The similarities between teenage cutters and female stigmatics are striking in their mutual psychoanalytical need for self-alteration as a means of escaping their own disassociative identities; and offers evidence of how their mutual bricolage of pain, imagining, languaging, and subsequent self-mutilation often provide a transformation from bodies under siege to a resemblance of health and transformation.
Tunable 17-microm laser spectrometer for optical absorption measurements of CH(4), C(2)H(4), and high-temperature HCl.

A tunable 1.7-μm cw F2+-center laser spectrometer system that is continuously tunable from 1.43 to 1.78 μm in wavelength and has a spectral linewidth (FWHM) of 0.07 cm−1 is developed. This system is used to measure the 2–0 rotational-vibrational absorption line profiles of hydrogen chloride (HCl) at high temperatures, the Boltzmann thermal equilibrium temperature, and to determine the extent of potential interference or overlap of the HCl lines with those that are due to hot water vapor. As a demonstration of the utility of the laser spectrometer system, it is also used to measure the spectra of methane (CH4) and ethylene (C2H4) near 1.65 μm, and is routed through a fiber-optic cable to a remote site to detect a CH4 plume.
Eine erste experimentelle Überprüfung unseres Ansatzes

Dem vorangegangenen Kapitel ist zu entnehmen, das nach unserer Ansicht die verschiedenen Felder, die die soziale Situation Interview im weitesten Sinne konstituieren, durch Normen gebildet werden. (siehe S. 58 ff.). Es sind dies: allgemeingesellschaftliche Normen (P1) gruppenspezifische Normen (P2) interviewspezifische Normen. (P3).
Men of Blood: Bad Wives II: Adultery and the Unwritten Law

In the sixty years 1841–1900, covering almost Victoria's entire reign, forty-three trials for murders motivated by a legally married spouse's established infidelity took place, and all but one of these placed men in the dock. At least twenty-three more murder trials took place in which the chief motive had been a legally married spouse's unsubstantiated belief in the other's infidelity, all these being of men. Possibly, as evolutionary psychologists have suggested, this sort of violent sexual possessiveness is, more than simply violence in itself, a biologically male-linked trait. Here was “a man's crime” par excellence, akin perhaps in its gendered character to the murder of newborn infants, a crime almost invariably perpetrated by women. Always of great interest, this male-linked crime brought forth particularly strong and conflicted responses in Victorian England. A closely related crime was the killing of a sexual rival, one's spouse's lover, also virtually a purely male offense. Women almost never killed either their husbands or other women out of sexual possessiveness. Killing a wife's sexual partner was not exonerated in Victorian courts but was dealt with comparatively leniently. Men were seen as generally more responsible, and certainly so in sexual matters. As “natural” sexual aggressors they were in most cases more obviously to blame; the scenario familiar in popular lore of a naive man seduced by a licentious and scheming woman, while without doubt still part of the culture's repertoire, was less plausible than in previous centuries.
Least Squares Shadowing Sensitivity Analysis of Chaotic Flow Around a Two-Dimensional Airfoil

Gradient-based sensitivity analysis has proven to be an enabling technology for many applications, including design of aerospace vehicles. However, conventional sensitivity analysis methods break down when applied to long-time averages of chaotic systems. This breakdown is a serious limitation because many aerospace applications involve physical phenomena that exhibit chaotic dynamics, most notably high-resolution large-eddy and direct numerical simulations of turbulent aerodynamic flows. A recently proposed methodology, Least Squares Shadowing (LSS), avoids this breakdown and advances the state of the art in sensitivity analysis for chaotic flows. The first application of LSS to a chaotic flow simulated with a large-scale computational fluid dynamics solver is presented. The LSS sensitivity computed for this chaotic flow is verified and shown to be accurate, but the computational cost of the current LSS implementation is high.
Honey Bees: Individual Feeding of Large Numbers of Adult Workers

A system was devised which is used to individually feed worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L., microdroplets of food at the rate of 300–400 bees/hour. The system reduces extraneous stimuli and utilizes the bees positive phototaxis to lead them to the food. Data on food consumption are reported for bees of different ages fed for varying lengths of time. With an appropriate feeding time, nearly 100% of the worker bees tested consumed the available food.
Relationship of the bursa of Fabricius to immunologic responsiveness and homograft immunity in the chicken.

SummaryChicks bursectomized at hatching showed reduced antibody production to BSA, Brucella abortus antigen, and T2 coliphage, compared to controls. Chicks hatching from 19-nortestosterone-treated eggs, lacking the bursa of Fabricius, also showed a deficient homograft response to injections of adult homologous spleen cells manifested by splenomegaly, histologic changes characteristic of the graft-versus-host reaction, and signs of the runting syndrome.
Summary of Automation Technology for Fault Handling in Distribution System

Fault handling in distribution system is a systematic course. The paper introduced some new schemes and methods, such as network type protection, distributed intelligence, fault automatic location, which put forward the new train of thought for automation technology of fault handling in distribution system. The detection and location method of single-phase grounding fault based on fault indicator technology was introduced.
Deciphering the role of solar-induced thermal stresses in rock weathering

A dearth of direct field observations limits our understanding of individual mechanical weathering processes and how they interact. In particular, the specific contributions of solar-induced thermal stresses to mechanical weathering are poorly characterized. Here, we present an 11 mo data set of cracking, using acoustic emissions (AEs), combined with measurements of rock temperature, strain and other environmental conditions, all recorded continuously for a granite boulder resting on the ground in open sun. We also present stresses derived from a numerical model of the temperature and stress fields in the boulder, idealized as a uniform elastic sphere experiencing simple solar temperature forcing. The thermal model is validated using this study’s data. Most observed cracking coincides with the timing of calculated maximum, insolation-driven, tensile thermal stresses. We also observe that most cracking occurs when storms, or other weather events, strongly perturb the rock surface temperature field at these times. We hypothesize that these weather-actuated thermal perturbations result in a complex thermal stress distribution that is superimposed on the background stresses arising from simple diurnal forcing; these additive stresses ultimately trigger measurable cracking. Measured locations of observed cracking and surface strain support this hypothesis in that they generally match model-predicted locations of maximum solar-induced tensile stresses. Also, recorded rock surface strain scales with diurnal temperature cycling and records progressive, cumulative extension (dilation), consistent with ongoing, thermal stress-driven subcritical crack growth in the boulder. Our results therefore suggest that (1) insolation-related thermal stresses by themselves are of sufficient magnitude to facilitate incremental subcritical crack growth that can subsequently be exploited by other chemical and physical processes and (2) simple insolation can impart an elevated tensile stress field that makes rock more susceptible to cracking triggered by added stress from other weathering mechanisms. Our observed cracking activity does not correlate simply with environmental conditions, including temperature extremes or the often-cited 2 °C/min thermal shock threshold. We propose that this lack of correlation is due to both the ever-varying ambient stress levels in any rock at Earth’s surface, as well as to the fact that ongoing subcritical crack growth itself will influence a rock’s stress field and strength. Because similar thermal cycling is universally experienced by subaerially exposed rock, this study elucidates specific mechanisms by which solar-induced thermal stresses may influence virtually all weathering processes.
Morquio's disease and dysplasia epiphysalis multiplex. A study of epiphyseal cartilage in seven cases.

The microscopic pathology of the epiphyseal cartilage plates and adjacent bone in seven patients with dwarfism and skeletal deformities has been reported. In two of the patients the clinical picture is clearly that of Morquio's syndrome; in two others, the picture resembles dysplasia epiphysalis multiplex; and in the remaining three there are some of the roentgenographic criteria of both of these conditions. Similar pathological changes were present in the epiphyseal cartilage plate in all seven cases. The essential defect is in the epiphyseal chondrocytes which fail to reach the zone of ossification in adequate numbers or in a fully developed hypertrophic condition, resulting in defective enchondral ossification. Deficient metaphyseal osteogenesis results from inadequate chondrocyte proliferation and maturation. Cystic amid mucoid degeneration of cartilage matrix and areas of aberrant epiphyseal ossification are also noted. None of the storage phenomena of Hurler's syndrome are present. The pathological findings in dysplasia epiphysalis multiplex, Morquio's disease, and achondroplasia relate directly to epiphyseal chondrocyte dysfunction. These conditions might therefore be grouped together under the term chondrogenic dwarfism to indicate their common pathological relationship. The epiphyseal cartilage changes in these coniditions are readily distinguished from those usually associated with dietary deficiencies and endocrine disorders in human subjects.
Long time horizon for adaptive management to reveal predation effects in a salmon fishery

Predator-prey interactions shape ecosystem structure and function, potentially limiting the productivity of valuable species. Simultaneously, stochastic environmental forcing affects species productivity, often through unknown mechanisms. The interacting effects of trophic and environmental conditions complicate management of exploited ecosystems and have motivated calls for more holistic management via ecosystem-based approaches, yet the limitations to these approaches are not widely appreciated. The Chignik salmon fishery in Alaska is managed to achieve maximum sustainable yield for sockeye salmon, though research suggests that predation by less economically valuable, and thus not targeted, coho salmon during juvenile rearing limits the productivity of sockeye salmon. We examined the relationship between historical sockeye salmon recruitment and coho salmon abundance observed in the Chignik system and could not detect a clear effect of coho salmon abundance on sockeye salmon productivity, given existing data. Using simulation models, we examined the probability of detecting a known predation effect on sockeye salmon recruitment in the presence of observation error in coho salmon abundance and stochasticity in sockeye salmon recruitment. Increased recruitment stochasticity reduced the ability to detect predator effects in recruitment, an effect further strengthened when low frequency environmental variation was added to the system. Further, increased observation error biased estimates of predator effects towards zero. Thus, in systems with high observation error on predator abundances, estimates of predation effects will be substantially weaker than true effects. We examined the effects of stochasticity on the ability of an adaptive management program to learn about ecosystem structure and detect an effect of management actions intended to release a prey species from its predators. Simulation models revealed that even under scenarios of large predation effects on sockeye salmon, stochastic recruitment masked detection of an effect of increased coho salmon harvest for nearly a decade. These results highlight the challenges inherent in ecosystem-based management of predator-prey systems due to mismatched time-scales of ecosystem dynamics and the willingness of stakeholders to risk losses in order to test uncertain hypotheses. It is critical for stakeholders considering EBFM and adaptive management strategies to be aware of the potential timelines of perceiving ecosystem change. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Vascular Closure Device Failure: Frequency and Implications: A Propensity-Matched Analysis

Background —Vascular closure devices (VCDs) are effective in reducing the time to ambulation for patients undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures and in reducing the risk of vascular complications in selected patient cohorts. However, the frequency and consequence of failure of VCDs is not well defined. Methods and Results —From a prospective registry of consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization at our center, 9823 patients who received either a collagen plug-based (Angio-Seal) or a suture-based (Perclose) VCD were selected for the study. VCD failure was defined as unsuccessful deployment or failure to achieve hemostasis. Major vascular complication was defined as any retroperitoneal hemorrhage, limb ischemia, or any surgical repair. Minor vascular complication was defined as any groin bleeding, hematoma (≥5 cm), pseudoaneurysm, or arteriovenous fistula. Any vascular complication was defined as either a major or minor vascular complication. Among the 9823 patients in the study, VCD failed in 268 patients (2.7%; 2.3% diagnostic versus 3.0% percutaneous coronary intervention; P =0.029). Patients with VCD failure had significantly increased risk of any (6.7% versus 1.4%; P <0.0001), major (1.9% versus 0.6%; P =0.006), or minor (6.0% versus 1.1%; P <0.0001) vascular complication compared with the group with successful deployment of VCD. The increased risk of vascular complication was unchanged in a propensity score-matched cohort. Conclusions —In contemporary practice, VCD failure is rare, but when it does fail, it is associated with a significant increase in the risk of vascular complications. Patients with VCD failure should be closely monitored.
Abstract SY13-03: Novel targeted therapies in myelodysplastic syndrome

Ubiquitin ligases target specific proteins for degradation, and pharmacologic modulation of ubiquitin ligase activity has the potential for therapeutic efficacy in cancer by altering the abundance of proteins that are required for tumor cell survival. Thalidomide and its derivatives, lenalidomide and pomalidomide, represent the first class of drugs that act by binding and changing the activity of a specific ubiquitin ligase. These compounds bind the CRL4-CRBN ubiquitin ligase, inducing the ubiquitination and consequent degradation of specific protreins. Lenalidomide is a highly effective drug for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with del(5q), multiple myeloma, and some additional B cell lymphomas. In multiple myeloma cells, lenalidomide increases the binding of two substrates, IKZF1 and IKZF3, to the CRBN substrate adapter; increases the ubiquitination of these substrates; and causes the targeted degradation of IKZF1 and IKZF3, transcription factors that are essential for the differentiation and survival of plasma cells including multiple myeloma cells. In del(5q) MDS, lenalidomide targets CSNK1A1 for destruction. Haploinsufficiency for CSNK1A1, a gene located within the common deleted region on chromosome 5q, results in selective targeting of the del(5q) clone. Recent studies indicate that lenalidomide, pomalidomide, and thalidomide modulate the CRl4-CRBN ubiquitin ligase in distinct ways, raising the possibility that new molecules may induce degradation of other proteins, creating new therapeutic opportunities. Citation Format: Benjamin Ebert. Novel targeted therapies in myelodysplastic syndrome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr SY13-03. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-SY13-03
Probing Protein Folding and Interaction in Live Cells using Osmotic Perturbations

Cells rapidly change their volume in both optimal conditions and under duress, causing changes to their internal solute concentrations. Proteins are known to respond to such fluctuations in solution concentrations even faster, well before the cell can initiate regulatory response. We take advantage of this response to probe protein conformation and interactions in live cells, under biologically relevant conditions. We induce a cellular volume change in cells by subjecting them to a jump in media osmotic pressure. Protein dynamics are observed by FRET signal collected on an epifluorescent microscope from adherent cells expressing mCherry/GFP tagged proteins. Our experiments reveal protein conformational changes, as well as binding of weakly bound protein complexes, depending on the labeling scheme used. We observe that proteins can bind and unbind, and structures can expand and contract reversibly when the cell volume increases or decreases. Our results indicate that some proteins structures are more sensitive than others to cellular volume change, and that altering the internal concentrations within the cell can alter protein processes, including folding and binding.
The Effect of Data Link-Provided Graphical Weather Images on Pilot Decision Making*

Abstract This paper summarizes the methodology and results of two human factors evaluations of a data link-provided Graphical Weather Service (GWS) for general aviation pilots. The transmission of these complex images requires far more bandwidth than is available with any practical data link implementation. Transmission is made possible through application of a compression algorithm. However, the use of compression can result in distortion of the weather image. Phase One was conducted to assess the effects of GWS on pilot situational awareness and decision making. Results indicated that GWS had a substantial positive effect on the weather-related decision making of pilots. Phase Two was conducted to determine the maximum level of compression-induced distortion that would be acceptable for transmission of weather images to the cockpit.
Comparing cabozantinib (C) treatment for a cohort of patients with metastatic clear cell (ccRCC) and variant histology renal cell carcinoma (vhRCC): A retrospective study.

702Background: Both the randomized METEOR and CABOSUN studies in ccRCC found substantial benefit for patients receiving (C). We have previously reported (C) to have significant activity in vhRCC. T...
Sex differences in opioid use and medical issues during buprenorphine/naloxone treatment.

Background There are sex differences in buprenorphine/naloxone clinical trials for opioid use. While women have fewer opioid-positive urine samples, relative to men, a significant decrease in opioid-positive samples was found during treatment for men, but not women. In order to inform sex-based approaches to improve treatment outcomes, research is needed to determine if opioid use, and predictors of opioid use, differs between men and women during treatment. Objectives To test for sex differences in opioid use during a buprenorphine/naloxone clinical trial and determine if sex differences exist in the associations between addiction-related problem areas and opioid use over the course of the trial. Method This secondary data analysis of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) 0003 examined sex differences (men = 347, women = 169) in opioid-positive samples in a randomized clinical trial comparing 7-day vs. 28-day buprenorphine/naloxone tapering strategies. Addiction-related problem areas were defined by Addiction Severity-Lite (ASI-L) domain composite scores. Results Women were more likely than men to use opioids during the course of the buprenorphine/naloxone clinical trial (B = .33, p = .01) and medical issues were positively related to submitting an opioid-positive sample during treatment for women (B = 1.67, p = .01). No ASI-L domain composite score was associated with opioid-positive samples during treatment for men. Conclusion Women were more likely than men to use opioids during the course of the buprenorphine/naloxone clinical trial, and medical issues predicted opioid use during treatment for women but not men. Complementary treatment for medical problems during opioid replacement therapy may benefit women.
Breakout from x86 assembly to a breadboard: a lab for introductory computer organization

As computers become more complex, introductory computer organization courses risk becoming abstract and disconnected from the actual computers students use. This paper introduces a project and lab that show students how their own personal computers work and how PC's are constructed. "BreakoutArcade" is a programming project and hardware lab developed for a second-year computer organization course to teach assembly language, device interfacing, and PC hardware. Using a detailed tutorial, students construct the classic game Breakout in x86 assembly. They cannot use system calls and must communicate directly to the video and keyboard. The result is a "bare-metal" game that boots from a USB drive in place of an operating system. A second part is a lab in which students build an 8088 computer from components on a breadboard. The circuit includes an 8X8 LED matrix and Atmega microcontroller that mimics a PCs keyboard and video. On completing the lab, students run their Breakout project, virtually unmodified, on the computer they constructed, essentially making an arcade machine. The project was tested on five sections of computer organization, and the lab on two sections.
Tricuspid valve surgery and intraoperative echocardiography: Factors affecting survival, clinical outcome, and echocardiographic success

Abstract Background. The impact of echocardiographic-guided treatment on outcome after tricuspid valve (TV) surgery is not well defined. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical and echocardiographic factors associated with adverse outcomes after TV surgery and determine the role of intraoperative echo (IOE) in facilitating successful outcomes after TV surgery. Methods. Four hundred and one patients (279 females, mean age 60 years) underwent TV surgery and other concomitant cardiac surgery at a single institution and were followed clinically and by echocardiography during a 10-year period. Results. Decreased survival after TV surgery was associated with: preoperative increased New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification (relative risk [RR] = 2.02), increased left ventricular dysfunction by echocardiography (RR = 1.28), and use of a TV replacement strategy (RR = 2.92). Decreased event-free survival after TV surgery was associated with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (RR = 2.97). Late echocardiographic failure (3 to 4+ tricuspid valve regurgitation [TR]) after TV surgery was associated with increased severity of TR on preoperative echocardiogram (odds ratio [OR] = 1.91). Decreased late echocardiographic failure after TV surgery was associated with the use of a TV annuloplasty ring with a repair strategy (OR = 0.40). The surgical plan was altered at the time of surgery to insure a successful outcome in 32 (10%) of 335 patients based on IOE findings. Conclusions. Adverse outcomes after TV surgery can be predicted by several preoperative clinical and echocardiographic variables. IOE is useful in improving immediate, but not late, outcomes after TV surgery.
Using Computers to Generate IEPs: Rethinking the Process

Computer-assisted Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) offer the promise of enhancing special education practice. For instance, such technology could enhance the IEPs participatory process by e...
Molecular Basis for the Lysine Binding Polymorphism of Lipoprotein(a)

Lp(a) and plasminogen share lysine binding property1. For plasminogen this binding function is localized in kringles 1 and 4, whereas for apo(a) the kringle (or kringles) responsible for this function has not been unequivocally identified2. However, there is evidence to suggest that kringle 4-37 contains the necessary structural elements for lysine binding3,4. Experimental support for this prediction has come from studies in rhesus monkeys showing that their apo(a) kringle 4-37 has a mutation associated with a lysine binding deficient Lp(a)5. This mutation is located in the nonpolar trough of the lysine binding pocket that comprises 7 amino acids (two anionic: asp55, asp57; two cationic: arg35, arg71 and three nonpolar: trp62, trp72 and phe64). According to the crystallographic studies on plasminogen kringle 4 by Tulinsky6, trp72 plays a key role in lysine binding. Since lysine binding is related to fibrin binding and to the antifibrinolytic potential of Lp(a), a mutation at this level may render this lipoprotein comparatively less thrombogenic5.
Concept Formation and Commensurability

The paper addresses the issue of how the processes of concept formation and change in science can be brought to bear on the problem of incommensurability. It argues that the problem arises out of a methodological approach that identifies the conceptual structure of a science with a language and transfers what is thought to be known about languages to science. Employing a cognitive-historical method that shifts the focus to the representational and reasoning practices of scientists in constructing new concepts provides a way of uncovering the nature of the commensurability relations between successive representations of a domain.
Surgical Management of Normocalcemic Primary Hyperparathyroidism and the Impact of Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone Testing on Outcome

Objective To review our surgical experience and the impact of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) testing among patients with normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting Academic referral hospital. Subject and Methods Normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism (NCHPT) patients were identified with normal-range blood ionized calcium and serum elevated parathyroid hormone. Patient demographics, intraoperative findings, IOPTH dynamics, and biochemical outcomes were compared with those of classic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients. Results Of the 2120 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy, 616 patients met the inclusion criteria: 119 (19.5%) patients had NCHPT, and 497 (80.5%) had classic PHPT. NCHPT patients had higher rates of multigland hyperplasia as compared with classic PHPT (12% vs 4%, P = .002) and smaller gland size ( P 50% drop in IOPTH intraoperatively, as opposed to 492 (99%) among 497 classic PHPT patients ( P = .014). IOPTH drop >50% had an equivalent positive predictive value for long-term cure in both groups. Conclusions Surgeons treating NCHPT patients should suspect the presence of multigland disease and have a low threshold for converting to bilateral exploration depending on IOPTH decay dynamics.
Learning in the Curbside Coordinate Frame for a Transferable Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction Model

This paper presents a novel framework for accurate pedestrian trajectory prediction in intersection corners or near crosswalks. Given prior knowledge of curbside geometry (i.e. angle made by intersecting curbs at the corner point of interest and the coordinates of the corner itself), the presented framework can accurately predict pedestrian trajectories even in new, unseen intersections. This is achieved by learning motion primitives in a common frame, called the curbside coordinate frame. A key insight in developing this common frame is to ensure that trajectories from intersections with different geometries, representing the same behavior, are spatially similar in the common frame. Motion primitives learned in such a common frame, can then be easily generalized to predict in new intersections, with different geometries than the ones trained on. We test our algorithm on real pedestrian trajectory datasets collected at two intersections, with distinctly different curbside and crosswalk geometries. A comparison of our algorithm with [1] demonstrates improved prediction accuracies of pedestrian trajectory prediction in the case of same training and test intersections, and the improvement of accuracy in the most different training and test intersections scenarios. The result also shows additional context, such as information about pedestrian traffic lights, if available, can be easily incorporated in our prediction model for further improvement in prediction accuracy.
Rural-Urban Disparities in Access to Home- and Community-Based Services and Supports: Stakeholder Perspectives From 14 States

Abstract Objectives Trends over time in the United States show success in rebalancing long-term services and supports (LTSS) toward increased home- and community-based services (HCBS) relative to institutionalized care. However, the diffusion and utilization of HCBS may be inequitable across rural and urban residents. We sought to identify potential disparities in rural HCBS access and utilization, and to elucidate factors associated with these disparities. Design We used qualitative interviews with key informants to explore and identify potential disparities and their associated supply-side factors. Setting and participants We interviewed 3 groups of health care stakeholders (Medicaid administrators, service agency managers and staff, and patient advocates) from 14 states (n = 40). Measures Interviews were conducted using a semistructured interview guide, and data were thematically coded using a standardized codebook. Results Stakeholders identified supply-side factors inhibiting rural HCBS access, including limited availability of LTSS providers, inadequate transportation services, telecommunications barriers, threats to business viability, and challenges to caregiving workforce recruitment and retention. Stakeholders perceived that rural persons have a greater reliance on informal caregiving supports, either as a cultural preference or as compensation for the dearth of HCBS. Conclusions/implications LTSS rebalancing efforts that limit the institutional LTSS safety net may have unintended consequences in rural contexts if they do not account for supply-side barriers to HCBS. We identified supply-side factors that (1) inhibit beneficiaries' access to HCBS, (2) affect the adequacy and continuity of HCBS, and (3) potentially impact long-term business viability for HCBS providers. Spatial isolation of beneficiaries may contribute to a perceived lack of demand and reduce chances of funding for new services. Addressing these problems requires stakeholder collaboration and comprehensive policy approaches with attention to rural infrastructure.
Troubling the Waters: A Critical Essay on Black Male Role Models and Mentors

We assert the concepts of “role model” and “mentor” continue to permeate educational and public discourse as viable means of behavioral modification among young Black males facing multiple inequities. Though these terms it seems, have obtained significant currency, they also carry a degree of ubiquity—obscuring proper understanding and future application. By analyzing existing educational and social science literature of role modeling and mentoring in relation to Black males, three common discourses are presented and explained: (1) lack and need of clarity as it pertains to the terms role model and mentor, (2) socialization centered around discipline, rules, order and/or care and reciprocity, and (3) focus on the individual. We draw on these discourses to complex current reasoning pertaining to the Black male role model and mentor as well as suggest further research applying to its theory and practice.
First measurement of S/XB values of Re I visible emission lines

A spectroscopic parameter, so called S/XB (the number of ionization events per photon or inverse photon efficiency), is experimentally determined for Re I visible emission lines (488.9, 527.1, and 527.6 nm) at an electron temperature range of ~2-8 eV in the PISCES-B linear plasma device. Our standard mass loss method was applied, where a pure Re sample was sputtered by Ar plasma. In addition, a new alloy method was developed, where a W-3.3at%Re alloy sample was used. In the new method, the sputtered flux ratio of Re and W atoms is assumed to be the same as the elemental composition because of the very similar sputtering yields. Good agreement in measured Re I S/XB values is obtained between the standard mass loss and new alloy methods.
Online photovoice to explore and advocate for Muslim biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing and issues: Ecological systems theory and ally development

We aimed to examine the biopsychosocial spiritual strengths and concerns of college affiliated Muslims living in the southeast U.S. through an online photovoice study to enhance their biopsychosocial spiritual wellbeing. Muslims in the U.S., including those living in the southeast, face many issues (physical attacks, discrimination); yet, they are underserved and understudied. To conduct this study in a culturally and contextually appropriate way, we tailored photovoice to collect data online, modified interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze data, and utilized ecological systems theory and ally theory as our theoretical framework. A total of 131 Muslims participated, of which 118 (80 men and 38 women) completed the participation. The results revealed eight distinct strength and nine concern clusters. The two most reported strengths were having a supportive community (n = 57) and prayer in Islam (n = 43). The two most reported concerns were lack of prayer facilities (n = 54) and lack of support (n = 32). Following the analysis, a photovoice exhibit and a community dinner were held, where the results were shared with the participants, allies (organizations, departments, chaplain, university), and key people such as administrators, the Muslim community, and others interested. The most important issues were addressed through advocacy, and the connection between Muslims and allies seemed to increase. This study has practical implications. Mental and public health professionals as providers, researchers, and educators must focus on the primary clusters to address Muslims’ biopsychosocial spiritual issues and wellbeing. The professionals can utilize the online photovoice to understand and serve other people contextually in more effective ways especially in the face of disasters (e.g., conflicts, wars, epidemics, pandemics, hurricanes) when it is much more convenient to participate online.
Race, culture, and economics: an example from North-South trade relations

This essay refines the understanding of culture and race – with operational and temporal dynamics – to explain North-South trade outcomes. Following traditions in economic sociology and anthropolog...
LASER SOURCE PARAMETER SELECTION AND ARRAY CONSIDERATIONS FOR ENHANCING DETECTION SENSITIVITY IN LASER ULTRASONIC SYSTEMS

Recent work has demonstrated that significant gains can be achieved in laser ultrasonic signal generation efficiency and detection sensitivity by controlling the temporal and spatial source parameters as well as power density. In particular, temporal and spatial (array) modulation has been used to generate narrow band (toneburst) and directed ultrasound, thereby permitting useful reductions in electronic bandwidth of the detection system. The narrow band nature of the resulting ultrasonic signal permits filtering of the optically received waveform with dramatic improvements in signal-to-noise ratio in some cases. A numerical processing algorithm has been developed to permit modeling of the thermoelastic and ablative regimes for laser sources of finite extent. This model has been used to help predict the effects of altering source and array parameters with very good agreement with experimental results.
Law and Laundry: White laundresses, Chinese laundrymen, and the origins of Muller v. Oregon

This chapter uses the historian’s method of micro-history to rethink the significance of the Supreme Court decision Muller v. Oregon (1908). Muller is typically considered a labor law decision permitting the regulation of women’s work hours. However, this chapter argues that through particular attention to the specific context in which the labor dispute took place – the laundry industry in Portland, Oregon – the Muller decision and underlying conflict should be understood as not only about sex-based labor rights but also about how the labor of laundry specifically involved race-based discrimination. This chapter investigates the most important conflicts behind the Muller decision, namely the entangled histories of white laundresses’ labor and labor activism in Portland, as well as the labor of their competitors – Chinese laundrymen. In so doing, this chapter offers an intersectional reading of Muller that incorporates regulations on Chinese laundries and places the decision in conversation with a long line of anti-Chinese laundry legislation on the West Coast, including that at issue in Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886).
Internal Fixation of a Complicated Mandibular Fracture in a Filly Using a String-of-Pearls Locking Plate Assisted by a 3D Printed Model

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the successful surgical treatment of a complicated mandibular fracture with a 3.5 mm string-of-pearls (SOP) locking plate in a 5-month-old Appaloosa filly presenting with neurological signs. Study Design This is a case report. Results The neurological signs were due to severe head trauma and stabilized with medical treatment. Financial concerns initially prevented advanced imaging; radiographs identified a mandibular symphysis fracture, a fracture of the left vertical ramus that originated at the junction between the horizontal and vertical ramus and extended toward the coronoid process and rostral maxillary fractures. Following intra-dental wiring of the symphysis fracture, a lateral malocclusion developed. Computed tomography additionally identified fractures of the right wing of the basisphenoid bone, right zygomatic arch, left paracondylar process and the lateral body of the mandible. The vertical ramus fracture was repaired utilizing a 20-hole 3.5 mm SOP plate contoured to the ventral aspect of the angle of the mandible. A scaled (1:4) three-dimensional printed model aided pre- and intra-operative surgical planning. The filly was comfortable and eating well at the 4-week recheck. Radiographs showed good callus formation at the maxilla, healing of the mandibular symphysis and ramus. Just prior to the 10-week recheck, the filly suffered severe enterocolitis and was euthanatized. Conclusion The locking function of the SOP plate provided adequate stability for the fracture to heal without the expense of locking screws. The three-dimensional printed model aided in navigation of the complex fracture without the availability of fluoroscopy.
Empirical Analysis of Investors’ Herding Behaviours during the Market Structural Changes and Crisis Events: Evidence from Thailand

This study investigates herding behaviour of investors in Thailand under different market conditions, crisis periods, and major market structural changes. The results show that herding behaviour oc...
Validation of VDatum in Southeastern Louisiana and Western Coastal Mississippi

We present a novel study to utilize US Geological Survey water level gauges that were not meant for tidal studies to diagnose errors in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Vd...
Recovering dynamic networks in big static datasets

Abstract The promise of big data is enormous and nowhere is it more critical than in its potential to contain important, undiscovered interdependence among thousands of variables. Networks have arisen as a powerful tool to detect how different variables are interconnected and how these interconnections mediate the internal workings and dynamics of various physical, chemical, biological, and social systems. Although a number of statistical methods have been developed for network reconstruction, the use of networks to excavate useful information from complex big data poses a conceptual, technical, and computational challenge. Here, we describe recent advances in statistical formalism that can recover mechanistically interpretable and practically applicable networks from wide big data domains. Traditional approaches can only infer an overall network from a number of samples, failing to reveal sample-specific differences. Identifying meaningful networks particularly requires the availability of high-density temporal or perturbed data and their dynamic fitting over time, both of which are hardly met in most big data sectors. The new formalism can particularly extract and tap dynamic information hidden in static data to reconstruct mobile networks without need of temporal data and, thereby, track how topological architecture changes from sample to sample and across time and space scales. We review the establishment principle of this new formalism derived from the seamless integration of ingredients of various disciplines, such as allometric scaling laws, evolutionary game theory, and developmental modularity theory. We show how this formalism can infer fully informative networks, encapsulated by bidirectional, signed, and weighted pairwise and high-order interactions, overcoming the intrinsic limitation of static data for network identification. We propose a general framework to augment a generalized argument for inferring omnidirectional, multilayer, and multispace networks from any high dimension of data and fill gaps in network reconstruction between standard techniques and the current state of the art. This formalism represents a paradigm shifting emerging technology that can make sophisticated networks a more efficient, effective and widespread tool to disentangle natural complexities in the era of big data.