cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance and CO Production of a Non-Azide Airbag Propellant in a Pre-Pressurized Gas Generator

Abstract This paper presents a numerical study of the transient operation of a pre-pressurized (augmented) airbag inflator. Augmented inflators dilute hot gaseous products of propellant combustion with ambient temperature, high-pressure stored gas before discharging the mixture into the airbag. The solid propellant selected for this study is a non-azide propellant composed of a mixture of azodicarbonirnide, potassium perchlorate, and cupric oxide, Predicted performance of the inflator is presented in terms of pressure, temperature and mass flow rate profiles in the inflator and discharge tank which is used to simulate an airbag. This work also predicts first-order estimates of gas-phase species exit concentrations and characteristic residence times in the inflator. Carbon monoxide. produced as a product of combustion from the high flame temperature propellant, is partially converted to COz as it flows from an internal combustionchamber to the pressurized plenum before being discharged into the airbag, Spe...
Antibody-based SERS diagnostics of fhit protein without label

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a particularly promising technique that has the potential to perform highly selective and sensitive in situ measurements of antibody-antigen reactions. This work describes the use of silver (Ag) colloids for immunoassay-based SERS detection of the fragile histidine triad (Fhit) protein. Alterations in Fhit protein expression have been associated with several human cancers, and, thus, the detection of Fhit protein is important because it can potentially be used as a cancer diagnostic biomarker, for both cancer detection and therapy.
Effects of prior endoluminal gastroplication on subsequent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

The long-term results of endoluminal gastroplication (ELGP) for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are still under investigation. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF) has unquestionable results in the treatment of GERD and, therefore, it would be unfortunate to compromise this treatment option by performing alternative therapies such as ELGP. Six patients underwent ELGP for the treatment of GERD symptoms. After symptoms returned, these patients elected to have a LNF. There was no sign of periesophagitis or intraperitoneal adhesion formation found at hiatal dissection that hindered or complicated the LNF procedure. Recent follow-up has shown that the patient’s GERD symptom scores have decreased, as expected after a de novo LNF. ELGP does not alter the surgical dissection or results of a subsequent LNF.
Vapour bubble collapse in isothermal and non-isothermal liquids

The motion of a vapour bubble in a subcooled liquid is studied numerically assuming axial symmetry but allowing the surface to deform under the action of the fluid dynamic stress. The flattening of the bubble in the plane orthogonal to the translational velocity increases the added mass and slows it down, while, at the same time, the decreasing volume tends to increase the velocity. The deformation of the interface also increases the surface area exposed to the incoming cooler liquid. The competition among these opposing processes is subtle and the details of the condensation cannot be captured by simpler models, two of which are considered. In spite of these differences, the estimate of the total collapse time given by a spherical model is close to that of the deforming bubble model for the cases studied. In addition to an isothermal liquid, some examples in which the bubble encounters warmer and colder liquid regions are shown.
The loss of teeth in dreams: an empirical investigation

Written interpretations of the loss of teeth in dreams have existed since the second century. The present study analyzed the personality characteristics of people with the reoccurring teeth-loss dr...
Factors affecting the benefits of high-frequency amplification.

Purpose This study was designed to determine the extent to which high-frequency amplification helped or hindered speech recognition as a function of hearing loss, gain-frequency response, and backg...
Stream invertebrate community functional responses to deposited sediment

We investigated functional responses of benthic invertebrates to deposited sediment in four Missouri USA streams. In each stream, invertebrates were sampled along continuums of deposited sediment (particles <2 mm in size) from 0 to 100% surface cover in reaches of fairly homogeneous substrate composition, current velocity, and water depths. Correlations, graphical representations, and the cumulative response curves of feeding and habit groups provided strong empirical support for distinct community functional changes due to deposited sediment. Feeding groups were more sensitive to deposited sediment than habit groups. Densities of all the feeding groups decreased significantly with increasing deposited sediment, while relative densities of gatherers increased significantly. Taxa richness also decreased significantly for all the feeding groups except for the shredders. Increases in deposited sediment were related to significant density decreases for only the clingers and sprawlers in the habit group, resulting in significant increases in the relative densities of both burrowers and climbers. Clingers, sprawlers, and swimmers also showed significant decreases in taxa richness.
A note on primitive accumulation in Marx and Preobrazhensky

(1978). A note on primitive accumulation in Marx and Preobrazhensky. Soviet Studies: Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 384-393.
Radiation Levels Governing Nuclear Roce Ground Instrumentation

A rocket vehicle with a nuclear propulsion system assumes the environment of the reactor: specifically, the high intensity neutron and gamma radiation fields. The rocket system considered here is a booster-type vehicle of approximately 1.25 million pounds. Reactor power requirements for the specified mission and the necessity of minimum shielding result in a neutron flux in excess of 6 × 1013 n/cm2-sec ten meters from the reactor core, and a gamma flux of approximately 1015 ?/cm2-sec at the same distance. The environment at the launch site is affected by intense gamma radiation from the reactor during reactor run-up, hold-down for systems check, and also for a short time after lift-off. In addition, there will be fission product release resulting in ground contamination, and gamma radiation in the air both vicinal to and remote from the launch site. Assuming that the reactor and booster vehicle are to be recovered, activation radiation induced in the structure, and fission product release from the shutdown reactor must be evaluated. The requirements for instrumentation around a nuclear rocket launch site are, indeed, many and diverse. The demands upon a monitoring and measurement system are constant at all times, and during nuclear operations are severe. Although the magnitudes of nuclear radiations shown here are prodigious, the problems presented by them are not insurmountable. This paper analyzes the various radiation environments, and outlines on-site and off-site radiation instrumentation requirements.
Education–Job Match, Salary, and Job Satisfaction Across the Public,, Non-Profit, and For-Profit Sectors: Survey of recent college graduates

AbstractUsing data from the 2006 Survey of Recent College Graduates, this study examines how education–job match and salary may explain recent college graduates’ job satisfaction in the public, non-profit, and for-profit sectors. The results imply that while education–job match increases job satisfaction in all three sectors, for-profit workers may compensate the loss in job satisfaction due to poor match with increased satisfaction from higher salary. The findings suggest that, in the public and non-profit sectors, increased salary cannot make up the loss in job satisfaction from poor education–job match as much as it does in the for-profit sector.
Sterol-dependence of gastric protective activity of unsaturated phospholipids.

The major aim of this study was to investigate the gastric protective effect of unsaturated phospholipids and to determine the ability of neutral lipids to enhance this activity. We found that although a liposomal suspension of unsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) administered intragastrically failed to protect rats from acid-induced gastric ulcer formation, addition of cholesterol to unsaturated PC induced a dose-dependent protective response with the maximally effective dose, reducing lesion score >70%. This effect also was seen with the plant sterol, β-sitosterol (reducing lesion score by 81.6±36%) but was blocked if cholesterol was esterified to fatty acids of varying chain length. Addition of sterols to liposomes of saturated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, in contrast, attenuated the gastric protective action of the saturated PC. It appears that the protective mechanism elicited by sterols and unsaturated PC is not mediated by alterations in gastric emptying rate or protaglandin biosynthesis, although maintenance of surface hydrophobicity may be involved. These results suggest that the sterol may promote the packing of adjacent unsaturated phospholipid molecules of either the cell membrane or a putative extracellular hydrophobic lining of the gastric epithelium to provide the mucosa with protection against luminal acid.
Nociceptin effects in the airways.

Abstract The opioid-like heptadecapeptide nociceptin (NC) has the following effects in the airways (investigated in isolated tracheae and bronchi from guinea pig or rat): the electric field stimulation (EFS)-induces release of acetylcholine (ACh), the tachykinin substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is reduced after pretreatment with NC, and EFS-induced tachykinergic nonadrenergic–noncholinergic (NANC) bronchoconstriction is inhibited by NC. Both the NC-mediated inhibition of neurotransmission and of smooth muscle contraction occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. Because these effects were naloxone-insensitive, were blocked by the NC receptor antagonist [F/G]NC(1–13)NH 2 , and could be mimicked by the NC analogs, NCNH 2 and NC(1–13)NH 2 , it is thought that they are distinct from the classic opioid receptors. That these pharmacological actions of NC are of relevance for airway physiology is highly probable given the presence of NC-immunoreactivity in the nerve fibers of the airways and of opioid-like receptor (ORL-1) transcripts in the jugular ganglia, from where the tachykinin-containing afferents arise.
Interaction force between two charged plates immersed in a solution of charged particles. Coupling between double layer and depletion forces

When two parallel plates are immersed in a solution of small charged particles, the center of the particles is excluded from a region of thickness D/2 near the plate, where D is their diameter. The approach which Langmuir developed for the double layer repulsion in the presence of an electrolyte with ions of negligible size is extended to the case in which one of the “ions” is a charged particle of finite, relatively small size. A general expression for the force generated between the two charged plates immersed in an electrolyte solution containing relatively small charged particles is derived. In this expression, only the electrical potential at the middle distance between the plates is required to calculate the force. A Poisson−Boltzmann equation which accounts for the volume exclusion of the charged particles in the vicinity of the surface is solved to obtain the electrical potential at the middle between the two plates. Starting from this expression, some results obtained previously for the depletion...
Dynamically Modulating the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Doped Semiconductor Nanocrystals

Localized surface plasmon absorption features arise at high doping levels in semiconductor nanocrystals, appearing in the near-infrared range. Here we show that the surface plasmons of tin-doped indium oxide nanocrystal films can be dynamically and reversibly tuned by postsynthetic electrochemical modulation of the electron concentration. Without ion intercalation and the associated material degradation, we induce a > 1200 nm shift in the plasmon wavelength and a factor of nearly three change in the carrier density.
Potential Genetic Variability of Wild Pairs of Drosophila melanogaster

Eleven of 21 wild pairs of Drosophlila niielaniogaster tested gave rise to at least 1 fly with crossvein defects out of 1000 F 2 progeny. Considered in the light of additional information, the results support the idea that an individual lpossesses to a large degree the potential variability of the population of which he is a member.
Particle-Scale Understanding of the Bioavailability of PAHs in Sediment

This study reports results of sediment bioslurry treatment and earthworm bioaccumulation for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants found in sediment dredged from Milwaukee Harbor. A significant finding was that bioslurry treatment reduced PAHs on the sediment clay/silt fraction but not on the sediment coal-derived fraction and that PAH reduction in the clay/silt fraction correlated with substantial reduction in earthworm PAH bioaccumulation. These findings are used to infer PAH bioavailability from characterization of particle-scale PAH distribution, association, and binding among the principal particle fractions in the sediment. The results are consistent with work showing that the sediment comprised two principal particle classes for PAHs, coal-derived and clay/silt, each having much different PAH levels, release rates, and desorption activation energies. PAH sorption on coal-derived particles is associated with minimal biodegradation, slow release rates, and high desorption activation ener...
Classical Capacity of the Lossy Bosonic Channel: The Exact Solution

The classical capacity of the lossy bosonic channel is calculated exactly. It is shown that its Holevo information is not superadditive, and that a coherent-state encoding achieves capacity. The capacity of far-field, free-space optical communications is given as an example.
A Technical Study of the Rosebud Winter Count

AbstractPlains Indian drawings and historical records produced in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries made progressively greater use of nontraditional drawing materials such as commercial colored pencils, crayons, ink and watercolors. Similarly, cloth and paper begin to supplant traditional hide supports during this period. These non-traditional materials rarely have been studied in this context, yet their dates of manufacture and subsequent availability through traders and missionaries, or distribution by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, has the potential to inform about the creation date of a drawing or historical record. An analysis of the materials and methods used to produce the Rosebud winter count, a Lakota pictographic calendar, is described. Results indicate that the 136 motifs on the Rosebud winter count were produced, likely in sequence, by two different hands, followed by general outlining and finally, motif numbering. The materials used in the winter count were for the most part unavail...
Computational challenges in nanoparticle partition function calculation

Bottom-up building block assembly is a useful technique for determining thermodynamically stable configurations of certain physical particles. This paper provides a description of the computational bottlenecks encountered when generating large configurations of particles. We identify two components; cluster pairing and shape matching, that dominate the run time. We present scaling data for a simple example particle and discuss opportunities for enhancing implementations of bottom-up building block assembly for studying larger or more complex systems.
Daughter cell separation is controlled by cytokinetic ring‐activated cell wall hydrolysis

During bacterial cytokinesis, hydrolytic enzymes are used to split wall material shared by adjacent daughter cells to promote their separation. Precise control over these enzymes is critical to prevent breaches in wall integrity that can cause cell lysis. How these potentially lethal hydrolases are regulated has remained unknown. Here, we investigate the regulation of cell wall turnover at the Escherichia coli division site. We show that two components of the division machinery with LytM domains (EnvC and NlpD) are direct regulators of the cell wall hydrolases (amidases) responsible for cell separation (AmiA, AmiB and AmiC). Using in vitro cell wall cleavage assays, we show that EnvC activates AmiA and AmiB, whereas NlpD activates AmiC. Consistent with these findings, we show that an unregulated EnvC mutant requires functional AmiA or AmiB but not AmiC to induce cell lysis, and that the loss of NlpD phenocopies an AmiC− defect. Overall, our results suggest that cellular amidase activity is regulated spatially and temporally by coupling their activation to the assembly of the cytokinetic ring.
Simple range cameras based on focal error

We describe research on two imaging range sensors that use defocus to estimate range. One technique is completely passive and provides dense range measurements in textured areas with an rms error of 2.5%. This method can be useful when stereo is unreliable because of correspondence errors or when imaging geometry prevents the use of multiple viewpoints (e.g., microscopy). The second technique uses structured light and provides dense range measurements with an rms error of 0.5%. This method can be useful when imaging geometry prevents the use of multiple viewpoints and for acquiring range imagery of rapidly moving objects, as the structured light can be delivered in a single stroboscopic flash.
The shear-force/ultrasonic near-field microscope: a nanometrology tool for surface science and technology

This paper describes recent results obtained with the Ultrasonic/Shear-Force Microscope (SUNM), an analytical tool suitable for investigating the quite different dynamic displayed by fluid-like films when subjected to mesoscopic confinement and while in intimate contact with two sliding solid boundaries. The SUNM uses two sensory modules to concurrently but independently monitor the effects that fluid-mediated interactions exert on two sliding bodies: the microscope’s sharp probe (attached to a piezoelectric sensor) and the analyzed sample (attached to an ultrasonic transducer). This dual capability allows correlating the fluid-like film’s viscoelastic properties with changes in the probe’s resonance frequency and the generation of sound. A detailed monitoring of sliding friction by ultrasonic means and with nanometer resolution is unprecedented, which opens potential uses of the versatile microscope as a surface and subsurface material characterization tool. As a surface metrology tool, the SUNM presents a potential impact in diverse areas ranging from fundamental studies of nanotribology, confinement-driven solid to liquid phase transformation of polymer films, characterization of industrial lubricants, and the study of elastic properties of bio-membranes. As a sub-surface metrology tool, the SUNM can be used in the investigation of the elastic properties of low- and high-k dielectric materials, piezoelectric and ferroelectric films, as well as quality control in the construction of micro- and nano-fluidics devices.
High-pressure phase transition in MnTiO3 from the ilmenite to the LiNbO3 structure

Crystals of a high-pressure phase of MnTiO3 have been synthesized at pressures of 60 kbar using the SAM-85 cubic-anvil high pressure apparatus. Although all crystals examined were twinned on (10 $$\bar 1$$ $$\bar 2$$ ), a set of diffraction intensities that are essentially unaffected by the twinning were obtained. Three possible structure models were considered: (1) the corundum (completely disordered Mn and Ti), (2) the partially-disordered ilmenite, and (3) the LiNbO3 structures. The R factors of the corundum and the disordered ilmenite models were much larger than that of LiNbO3. Using structure factors unaffected by twinning, the final LiNbO3-type refinement gave R w=0.037 and R=0.034. The averaged bond lengths for Mn-O and Ti-O were consistent with ones calculated using Shannon and Prewitt's (1969) radii. The study concludes that MnTiO3 II actually has an ordered LiNbO3-type structure rather than the disordered one as reported previously. From the analysis of the two MnTiO3 structures, the transition can be related to a cation reordering process, in which half of the cations participate, accompanied by the rotation of oxygens to accommodate the cations.
Secretion of either of a pair of immunoglobulins, IgM or IgX, in somatic hybrid cells derived by fusion of a B-cell lymphoma cell line carrying both immunoglobulin isotypes.

The I.29 cell line is a nonsecreting B-cell leukemia which bears two different immunoglobulin isotypes on its surface, IgM and IgX. The I.29 cells were hybridized with nonsecreting myeloma cells giving rise to dozens of immunoglobulin secreting hybridomas. These fall into three groups differing in the class of immunoglobulin they secrete. Cells of the first group secrete pentameric IgM (μ, κ), those of the second group secrete an unknown immunoglobulin, IgX, which may constitute an allotype of IgA, and those of the third group produce light chains only. The two complete immunoglobulins, IgM and IgX, have the same idiotype, as revealed by serological cross-reactivity of an exhaustively absorbed rabbit anti-idiotype serum.
Joint channel-state estimation and decoding of low-density parity-check codes on the two-state noiseless/useless BSC block interference channel

We apply the density-evolution technique to determine the thresholds of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes when the sum-product algorithm is employed to perform joint channel-state estimation and decoding. The channel considered is the two-state noiseless/useless binary symmetric channel (BSC) block interference channel, where a block of h consecutive symbols shares the same channel state, which is either a noiseless BSC (crossover probability 0) or a useless BSC (crossover probability 1/2). The channel state is selected independently and at random from block to block, according to a known prior distribution. The threshold of the joint channel-state estimation/decoding scheme when used over such a channel is shown to be greatly superior to that of a decoder that makes no attempt to estimate the channel state. These results are also confirmed by simulation. The maximum-likelihood (ML) performance of LDPC codes when used over this channel is investigated. Lower bounds on the error exponents of regular LDPC codes, when ML decoded, are shown to be close to the random coding channel error exponent when the LDPC variable node degree is high.
Robotic position/orientation control using neural networks

This paper studies the use of neural networks in robotic position/orientation control. The process is divided into two tasks, i.e., the inverse kinematics solution and the adaptive motor control. Simulation results of a three-link robotic arm in a two-dimensional workspace demonstrate the validity of the design. The hierarchal nature of the design allows it to be applied to more complicated systems that operate in a three-dimensional workspace.
Risk behaviors after hepatitis C virus seroconversion in young injection drug users in San Francisco.

Abstract Background The rationale for screening populations at risk for hepatitis C virus infection (HCV) includes the possibility of altering risk behaviors that impact disease progression and transmission. This study prospectively examined young injection drug users (IDU) to determine if behaviors changed after they were made aware of HCV seroconversion. Methods We estimated the effects of HCV seroconversion coupled with post-test counseling on risk behaviors (alcohol use, non-injection and injection drug use, lending and sharing injecting equipment, and having sex without a condom) and depression symptoms using conditional logistic regression, fitting odds-ratios for immediately after disclosure and 6 and 12 months later, and adjusting for secular effects. Results 112 participants met inclusion criteria, i.e. they were documented HCV seronegative at study onset and subsequently seroconverted during the follow-up period, with infection confirmed by HCV RNA testing. HCV seroconversion was independently associated with a decreased likelihood of consuming alcohol (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27–1.00, p = 0.05) and using non-injection drugs (OR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.20–0.81, p = 0.01) immediately after disclosure, however, results were not sustained over time. There were significant ( p Conclusions Making young IDU aware of their HCV seroconversion may have a modest effect on alcohol and non-injection drug use that is not sustained over time.
Physically Independent Stream Merging

A facility for merging equivalent data streams can support multiple capabilities in a data stream management system (DSMS), such as query-plan switching and high availability. One can logically view a data stream as a temporal table of events, each associated with a lifetime (time interval) over which the event contributes to output. In many applications, the "same" logical stream may present itself physically in multiple physical forms, for example, due to disorder arising in transmission or from combining multiple sources, and modifications of earlier events. Merging such streams correctly is challenging when the streams may differ physically in timing, order, and composition. This paper introduces a new stream operator called Logical Merge (LMerge) that takes multiple logically consistent streams as input and outputs a single stream that is compatible with all of them. LMerge can handle the dynamic attachment and detachment of input streams. We present a range of algorithms for LMerge that can exploit compile-time stream properties for efficiency. Experiments with Stream Insight, a commercial DSMS, show that LMerge is sometimes orders-of-magnitude more efficient than enforcing determinism on inputs, and that there is benefit to using specialized algorithms when stream variability is limited. We also show that LMerge and its extensions can provide performance benefits in several real-world applications.
Barriers beyond words: cancer, culture, and translation in a community of Russian speakers.

BACKGROUND Language and culture relate in complex ways. Addressing this complexity in the context of language translation is a challenge when caring for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP).
Dominant-negative regulation of WNK1 by its kidney-specific kinase-defective isoform.

With-no-lysine kinase-1 (WNK1) gene mutations cause familial hyperkalemic hypertension (FHHt), a Mendelian disorder of excessive renal Na+ and K+ retention. Through its catalytic activity, full-len...
The Caenorhabditis elegans Muscle-affecting Gene unc-87 Encodes a Novel Thin Filament-associated Protein

Mutations in the unc-87 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans affect the structure and function of bodywall muscle, resulting in variable paralysis. We cloned the unc-87 gene by taking advantage of a transposon-induced allele of unc-87 and the correspondence of the genetic and physical maps in C. elegans. A genomic clone was isolated that alleviates the mutant phenotype when introduced into unc-87 mutants. Sequence analysis of a corresponding cDNA clone predicts a 357-amino acid, 40-kD protein that is similar to portions of the vertebrate smooth muscle proteins calponin and SM22 alpha, the Drosophila muscle protein mp20, the deduced product of the C. elegans cDNA cm7g3, and the rat neuronal protein np25. Analysis of the genomic sequence and of various transcripts represented in a cDNA library suggest that unc-87 mRNAs are subject to alternative splicing. Immunohistochemistry of wildtype and mutant animals with antibodies to an unc-87 fusion protein indicates that the gene product is localized to the I-band of bodywall muscle. Studies of the UNC-87 protein in other muscle mutants suggest that the unc-87 gene product associates with thin filaments, in a manner that does not depend on the presence of the thin filament protein tropomyosin.
Looking towards a sustainable and green future

For manufacturing-heavy industries such as the semiconductor world, one has to consider a lot of environmental issues. We need to consider the inputs to our operations and how to reduce and minimize consumption of energy, water and chemicals. We also need to think about the output of the operations and how to reduce and minimize emissions including air pollutants and global warming gases such as CO2 and PFC's from our manufacturing processes. In addition to the emissions, we need to look at limiting the creation of waste, both solid (metal/material) and liquid chemical), and reducing and recycling through treatment of wastewater and recycling programs. Optimization of processes and logistics, efficiency in energy usage and transportation of products in a sustainable manner are the keys towards a cleaner environment. By doing these three, we can preserve our natural resources while putting money back in our pockets thereby literally making it a “green” future for all. Overall Intel has a holistic approach to managing our operations responsibly. This paper gives a brief insight into the Environmental Social Governance (ESG) Program undertaken at Intel towards the ‘green’ initiative. The future of our value chain — from sand to consumer or industrial device depends on our ability to grow revenue and profit, allow the continuation of our licenses to operate and the ability to move forward as fast as we can innovate. This means we need to stay ahead of regulatory and community needs so that they do not become constraints.
Nothing Comes Between Me and My CPU: Smart Clothes and ‘Ubiquitous’ Computing

The promise of interactivity is quietly but systematically undergoing a downgrade that will require a lot less activity on the part of the user – and a lot more on the dispersed ‘smart’ objects that will eventually populate their lives. This article reads the promotional literature on ‘smart’ clothes through the lens of Benjamin’s discussion of fetishism and flânerie, considering the ways in which such clothes provide a mobile form of bourgeois interiority: a ‘casing’ that allows the user to make an individualized impression on the world. The promise is one of comfort and convenience, offered in exchange for the ability to gather detailed information about consumers. Smart clothing realizes the phantasmagoria of the commodity world described by Benjamin – one in which the commodities embark on a life of their own, taking on the active role ceded by the pacified consumer. At the same time, one can recognize in the digitally encased consumers the after-image of the flâneur insofar as they participate in the work of being watched. The article concludes with a discussion of the uncanniness of this re-emergent form of commodity fetishism.
On approximating weighted sums with exponentially many terms

Multiplicative weight-update algorithms such as Winnow and Weighted Majority have been studied extensively due to their on-line mistake bounds' logarithmic dependence on N, the total number of inputs, which allows them to be applied to problems where N is exponential. However, a large N requires techniques to efficiently compute the weighted sums of inputs to these algorithms. In special cases, the weighted sum can be exactly computed efficiently, but for numerous problems such an approach seems infeasible. Thus we explore applications of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to estimate the total weight. Our methods are very general and applicable to any representation of a learning problem for which the inputs to a linear learning algorithm can be represented as states in a completely connected, untruncated Markov chain. We give theoretical worst-case guarantees on our technique and then apply it to two problems: learning DNF formulas using Winnow, and pruning classifier ensembles using Weighted Majority. We then present empirical results on simulated data indicating that in practice, the time complexity is much better than what is implied by our worst-case theoretical analysis.
A Two-Power-Level Method for Multiple Access Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Communication

This paper suggests a technique applicable to chip-synchronous frequency-hopping MFSK multiaccess communication whereby each user has some high-power-level slots and some low-power-level slots. The optimum proportion of high-power slots is slightly less than 1/e where e is the natural logarithm base. For this optimum proportion, the data rate efficiency is improved by about 50 percent for fixed bit error rate in the interference-only case.
Maslow's Theory of Motivation A Critique

This critique of Maslow's theory of motivation examines all of its major components. The theory is summarized and its basic propositions are analyzed in the light of internal logic, other relevant ...
Elders' environs and their end-of-life preferences.

Hypothesis Elders' predilections regarding end-of-life interventions vary with their living environs. Methods Patients in 3 settings—assisted living/outpatient, skilled nursing facility (SNF), and acute hospitalization—were asked to complete a brief questionnaire. Results A total of 269 patients who averaged 80.0 ± (SD) 8.1 years, 44% male, 70% white were studied. Eighty-five patients were outpatient elderly, 101 were hospitalized for acute illnesses, and 83 were interviewed in SNFs. Outpatients (44/85; 52%) and acutely ill inpatients (40/101; 40%) were more likely than patients residing in SNFs (19/81; 23%) to choose comfort care only ( P = .047) for acute pneumonia requiring endotracheal intubation (ETI). Overall, 32% changed their choice for ETI, opting for comfort care only if acute pneumonia was followed by disposition to an SNF. However, ambulatory and acutely ill elderly patients were 3 times as likely as SNF patients to change from aggressive to comfort care if the most likely outcome was disposition to an SNF ( P 80), gender, number of lost ADLs (>2), and self-described quality of life were not associated with choosing comfort care instead of ETI, whereas place of residence (SNF versus home) was independently associated with choosing ETI (odds ratio = 3.5; 95%CI = 1.9–6.4). Similarly, those already living in an SNF were more likely to opt for remaining there for advancing dementia (odds ratio = 7.7; 95%CI = 3.8–15.8). However, choices for ETI did not coincide with choosing an SNF for advancing dementia. Conclusions Elders residing in nursing homes were more likely than ambulatory patients to request invasive end-of-life care, a difference that was more pronounced when outcome required disposition to an SNF. These preferences were not dependent on patients' self-described disability or quality of life. This study suggests that qualitative outcomes matter to patients and their choices are associated with their place of residence.
When the Community Punches a Time Clock Evaluating a Collaborative Workplace Domestic Abuse Prevention Program

This article reports on a collaboration to develop, implement, and evaluate a domestic violence prevention program for 900 employees in a garment factory. The authors discuss issues in collaboration between researchers and advocates as well as employers, employees, and the employer's foundation. Although more complicated, this fivefold partnering process eventually led to an outcome that satisfied participants and yielded positive results. Drawing on both literature and the evaluators' experiences, the authors describe important components of collaborative research in the workplace, using examples from the workplace prevention program's evaluation activities to highlight their importance. Last, they consider the significance of a collaborative program evaluation in light of the reduced methodological rigor necessitated by the collaborative process.
Construct validity of Hopkins Verbal Learning Test- : Revised component process measures in an HIV-1 sample

Executive dyscontrol of episodic verbal learning and memory secondary to prefrontostriatal circuit neuropathophysiology is a common feature of HIV-1 infection. Prior research indicates that standard clinical learning and recall indexes from Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) are among the most sensitive indicators of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Emerging data support the validity of qualitative component process measures derived from the HVLT-R (e.g., Semantic Clustering); however, no prior studies have examined these particular indices of performance in an HIV-1-infected population. In the present study, we examined the construct validity of HVLT-R component process indices in a sample of 42 persons with HIV-1 infection and 29 demographically similar seronegative comparison participants. The HIV-1 sample performed significantly below the seronegative group on Total and Delayed Recall, Semantic Clustering, and the Retrieval Index. No between-group differences were observed on Serial Clustering, Pair Frequency, Learning, Repetitions, Semantic False Positive Recognition Errors, or the Recognition Discrimination Index. In addition, the HVLT-R component process measures demonstrated evidence of convergent and divergent validity with standard clinical tests in the HIV-1 sample. Findings support the construct validity of HVLT-R component process measures and are commensurate with prior literature indicating that HIV-1 disease is associated with deficient executive control of encoding and retrieval within verbal episodic memory.
EDUCATION AND INCOME IN CHILE

From December, 1969 to March, 1970 a sample survey was conducted throughout Chile to determine individual utilization and expenditures on health services. As a by‐product of this survey, information was obtained on individual schooling and income by age, occupation, and region of residence. This paper analyzes the latter information. The sample consists of 3,839 Chilean males who were heads of households and who were employed during 1969.
Digital plethysmography for assessing erythrityl tetranitrate bioavailability

The bioavailability of oral, sublingual, and chewable tablets of erythrityl tetranitrate (ETN) was evaluated in 15 normal men. In a randomized, complete crossover investigation with nitroglycerin and placebo controls, drug-induced changes in the diastolic amplitude response intensity were measured with a digital plethysmogram. Values for area under the response intensity curve (AUC), maximum response intensity (Imax), and time lapse from dosing to peak response (tmax) were obtained by computer processing and converted to intensity values and AUC segments for specific time intervals. Sublingual nitroglycerin induced a response (p < 0.05) from placebo within the first hour. Although somewhat slower in reaching peak intensity, all forms of ETN induced significant responses over placebo (p < 0.05) for 2 hr, with oral (swallowed) ETN different for 6 hr. Our results indicate that all the ETN dosage forms were bioavailable, with the longest duration of effect by the oral form. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 29, 35–39; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.6
Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia: duration of previous antibiotic use and association with penicillin resistance.

Previous antibiotic exposure is one of the most important predictors for acquisition of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) infection. To determine the impact of duration of exposure to different antibiotic classes, a study of 303 patients with S. pneumoniae bacteremia was undertaken. Ninety-eight cases of bacteremia (32%) were caused by a penicillin-nonsusceptible isolate. Bivariate analysis revealed that use of beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and macrolides within the last 1 and 6 months before presentation was associated with PNSP bacteremia (P .1). Both short- and long-term beta-lactam use significantly increased the risk for PNSP infection. Logistic regression analysis revealed that use of beta-lactams and macrolides in the 6 months before the first positive blood culture result were independent risk factors (P<.05). Risk for acquiring PNSP infection depends on both the class of antibiotic to which the patient was exposed and the duration of therapy.
Next generation organic light-emitting materials and devices (Presentation Recording)

In this talk, we will discuss recent innovations in organic light-emitting materials and devices. First, we will report on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). We will show that devices based on the emitter 4CzIPN doped in a novel ambipolar host can yield a current efficacy of 81 cd/A and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 26.5%. These devices exhibit a low turn-on voltage of 3.2 V at 10 cd/m2, as well as reduced efficiency roll-off at high current densities. The performance of these devices is comparable to that of electrophosphorescent devices based on organic-metallic compounds that contain precious metals such as Iridium. In a second part we will report on highly efficient green-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated on shape memory polymer (SMP) substrates for flexible electronic applications. SMPs are a class of mechanically active materials that can change and store shape upon activation by a stimulus. The combination of the unique properties of SMP substrates with the light-emitting properties of OLEDs pave to the way for new applications, including conformable smart skin devices, minimally invasive biomedical devices, and flexible lighting/display technologies. Finally, we will present OLEDs fabricated on substrates made from cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and discuss how such substrates can reduce the environmental footprint of printable organic electronics.
Bringing in the Librarians: Rethinking Collaboration for Political Science Research Projects

ABSTRACTLibrarians play a key role in undergraduate research yet there is infrequent collaboration using this key group of stakeholders in assigning and researching term papers. This case study reviews the impact of faculty and librarian collaboration in assigning and completing research projects in two upper level political science courses. Library instruction was primarily delivered—once at the beginning and then again in the middle of the semester. The research demonstrates how with active learning techniques, audience polling, and encouraging class participation from the students, our goal was to improve the quality of sources and help the students become better independent researchers.
Features we trust

We investigate the problem of image classification within a supervised learning framework that exploits implicit mutual information in different visual features and their associated classifiers. In our proposed two stage hierarchical processing, visual features are first clustered with the objective of maximizing diversity. Majority vote within each cluster is used to enforce diversity. Many partitioning variations are evaluated using K-nearest neighbor to obtain the highest inter-cluster entropy. In the second step, a richer measure of discrimination is obtained using a fully connected conditional random fields (CRF) over clusters. The unary and interaction potentials are defined over mutual information within each cluster and inter-dependencies across clusters respectively. Experimenting over five distinct datasets, we demonstrate an average performance gain of 30% compared with state of the art techniques.
Contact hole patterning by electric-field assisted assembly of core-shell nanoparticles

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated a new technique of electric-field assisted assembly of core-shell particles to create uniform contact hole array with complex geometries. A spatially varying dielectrophoretic (DEP) force created by lithographically defined guiding features is used to control the particle position. The influence of the predefined guiding features on contact hole pattern displacement is systematically studied. The results show that the center-to-center spacing rather than the size and shape of the guiding features determines the particle placement, which indicates the self-healing potential of this technique.
Calculation of Effective Section Properties for Wind Turbine Blades

The structural behavior of wind turbine blades can be accurately modeled using beam models. The accuracy in the predictions using beams models depends on the degree of accuracy in the prediction of the effective section properties. A simple, efficient and robust method is developed for the prediction of effective section properties for prismatic slender members of any arbitrary cross section shape. The technique, which is based on the superposition principle is developed to include the shear deformation modes in predicting the effective properties. A homogenization scheme based on strain energy equivalence is employed for calculating the effective properties. The method can accurately predict the full stiffness matrix including the off-diagonal terms. The results for three different cross section shapes are validated using full 3D analysis and an existing analysis technique.
Exploring the Relative Contributions of the Strength and Distress Components of Dual-Factor Complete Mental Health Screening

Early school-based mental health screeners were informed by a deficit paradigm that aimed to identify psychological distress symptoms. In comparison, following a whole-child perspective, a dual-factor approach has been proposed that assesses complete mental health using both positive dispositions and distress symptoms. Applying the dual-factor approach, the current study involved 118 students from 10th grade and examined how strongly subjective well-being (SWB) was associated with measures of positive psychological dispositions (Social Emotional Health Survey [SEHS]) and psychological distress (Behavioral and Emotional Screening System [BESS]). Results indicated that the strength-based SEHS explained 32% of the variance in the students’ global SWB with the deficit-based BESS adding an additional 8% of explained variance. Implications for school-based mental health screening are discussed.
An Inviscid Regularization of the One-Dimensional Euler equations

This paper examines an averaging technique in which the nonlinear ux term is expanded and the convective velocities are passed through a low-pass lter. It is the intent that this modication to the nonlinear ux terms will result in an inviscid regularization of the homentropic Euler equations and Euler equations. The physical motivation for this technique is presented and a general method is derived, which is then applied to the homentropic Euler equations and Euler equations. These modied equations are then examined, discovering that they share the conservative properties and traveling wave solutions with the original equations. As the averaging is diminished it is proven that the solutions converge to weak solutions of the original equations. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted nding that the regularized equations appear smooth and capture the relevant behavior in shock tube simulations.