cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal information as top-down context in binocular disparity detection

Recently, it has been shown that motor initiated context through top-down connections boosts the performance of network models in object recognition applications. Moreover, models of the 6-layer architecture of the laminar cortex have been shown to have computational advantage over single-layer models of the cortex. In this study, we present a temporal model of the laminar cortex that applies expectation feedback signals as top-down temporal context in a binocular network supervised to learn disparities. The work reported here shows that the 6-layer architecture drastically reduced the disparity detection error by as much as 7 times with context enabled. Top-down context reduced the error by a factor of 2 in the same 6-layer architecture. For the first time, an end-to-end model inspired by the 6-layer architecture with emergent binocular representation has reached a sub-pixel accuracy in the challenging problem of binocular disparity detection from natural images. In addition, our model demonstrates biologically-plausible gradually changing topographic maps; the representation of disparity sensitivity changes smoothly along the cortex.
Local Ca2+ transients (Ca2+ sparks) originate at transverse tubules in rat heart cells.

1. The origins of local [Ca2+]i transients (Ca2+ sparks) were studied using dual-channel confocal laser scanning microscopy. Line scan images showing [Ca2+]i (as fluo-3 fluorescence) and the transverse tubule membranes (as Di-8 fluorescence) were obtained simultaneously in single rat cardiac ventricular cells. 2. Line scan images of Di-8 fluorescence showed peaks regularly spaced at intervals of 1.83 +/- 0.30 microns (mean +/- S.D.). These peaks corresponded to the transverse tubules (T-tubules) in cross-section. 3. Line scan images of fluo-3 fluorescence showed local [Ca2+]i transients (LCTs or Ca2+ sparks) evoked by electrical stimulation. 4. Eighty-five per cent (85%) of all Ca2+ sparks evoked by electrical stimulation (n = 138, in 5 cells) occurred within 0.5 micron of a T-tubule. Thirty per cent (30%) occurred within 1 pixel (0.20 micron) of a T-tubule. 5. In some cells studied (3 out of 5), certain T-tubules had a higher probability of being sites of origin of Ca2+ sparks than others. 6. These results support local control theories of excitation-contraction coupling in which Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is triggered by a high local [Ca2+]i established between the L-type Ca2+ channels in the T-tubules and associated ryanodine receptor(s) in the junctional SR.
Gender Differences in Psychopathology, Functional Impairment, and Familial Risk Factors Among Adjudicated Delinquents

ABSTRACT Objective To test the hypotheses that female juvenile delinquents would have higher rates of psychological symptoms, DSM-IV psychiatric and substance use disorders, functional impairment, and familial risk factors than male juvenile delinquents. Method A stratified random sample of adjudicated delinquents ( n = 513 males, n = 112 females) was drawn from San Diego County administrative databases. Of those sampled youths who could be located, 65.7% completed interviews. Psychological symptoms, DSM-IV diagnoses, and familial risk factors were assessed between October 1997 and January 1999. Results Female delinquents scored higher on parent and self-report measures of psychological symptoms and had higher rates of DSM-IV mental disorders than did male delinquents. Girls also experienced greater incidences of physical, emotional, and sexual abuse; physical neglect; and family history of mental illness than their male counterparts. No gender differences were found on parental ratings of youth functional impairment, substance use disorders, comorbidity, or parental history of antisocial behavior. Conclusions Findings indicated that female adjudicated delinquents have significantly higher rates of psychopathology, maltreatment history, and familial risk factors than males and suggest that the mental health needs of girls in juvenile justice deserve increased attention.
The Establishment and Colonization of Tiphia Popilllavora, a Parasite of the Japanese Beetle

Tiphia popilliavora was introduced from Japan and established in the beetle infested area in 1921-23. The present mother colony at Riverton, New Jersey, was started at that time with approximately 50 females. Definite recovery was made in 1926 and at that time the species was found within an area of approximately four acres. This season, 1929, the colonies had increased covering an area of 3.5 square miles. Within this area, thousands of females and males were seen feeding on the flowers of wild carrot. In 1927 field collections of females were started, resulting in 11 subcolonies of 100 ♀ each. In 1928 a check showed that eight of these had become established. With this precedent some 33 colonies were put out in 1928. During 1929, Tiphia were very abundant in the mother colony center and it was determined to place as many colonies in the field as could be obtained, Seven collectors working during a 17 day collecting period were able to collect 10,100 females. These were placed in 101 colonies of 100 females each on the margins of the heavily infested beetle area. At the present time there are 134 colony centers established throughout the infested region. A small number of tests releasements have also been made in the areas infested with Phyllopertha orientalis on Long Island, New York, and New Haven, Connecticut.
Identification and estimation of some uncommon diamino acids.

Abstract Application of the amino acid analyzer is described for the separation, identification, and estimation of several uncommon dibasic amino acids that are eluted with a 0.35 m , pH 5.28, sodium citrate buffer between lysine and ammonia, namely, 2,5-diaminohexanoate, threo - and erythro -3,5-diaminohexanoate, 3,6-diaminohexanoate (β-lysine) and 2,4-diaminopentanoic acid. Conditions are also given for estimating d - and l -β-lysine as their l -glutamyl peptides, and for estimating the enantiomers of threo - and erythro -3,5-diaminohexanoate as the l -glutamyl derivative of the corresponding lactams.
Effects of the Addition of Silane during Carbonization on the Epitaxy of 3C-SiC on Si

By supplying anothe source of Si during the carbonization step the Si out-diffusion was suppressed and the voids eliminated. Analysis was performed on both carbonized layers and ∼ I μm grown layers on Si(100) and (111) substrates to compare the results of carbonization with and without silane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of the carbonized layer on Si(100) revealed that the pits present in the layer carbonized without silane could be suppressed hy introducing a small amount of silane (Si/C = 0.05) during the carbonization step. The root-mena-square (rms) roughness of the (100) carbonized layer was reduced from 4.9 to 0.3 nm at this Si to C ratio. AFM images of the Si(111) samples were less conclusive. Scanning electron microscopy (SEMI images of the ∼ 1 μm 3C-SiC epitaxial layers revealed that carbonizing with silane (Si/C = 0.06) improved the 3C-SiC/Si interfaces of both the (100) and (111) samples: the voids at the interface were completely eliminated. SEM images and AFM analysis of the 3C-SiC epitaxial layers showed that the surfaces were smoother when silane was added. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed that there is no significant improvement in the crystal quality of the grown layers. Nevertheless, the reduction in surface roughness is beneficial for device fabrication or subsequent heteroepitaxy, such as zine blende GaN on 3C-SiC/Si(100).
THE DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY OF LONG‐BRANCH TERMINAL BUDS OF PINUS BANKSIANA

A B S T R A C T A study of the composition of long-branch terminal buds (LBTB) of Pinus banksiana Lamb. and the yearly periodicity associated with their formation, development, and elongation was undertaken. Each LBTB has lateral bud zones and zones of cataphylls lacking axillary buds. When present, staminate cone primordia differentiate from the lowest lateral buds in the lowest lateral bud zone of the LBTB. Ovulate cone primordia and lateral long-branch buds can differentiate from the upper lateral buds in any lateral bud zone. When both types of buds are present, lateral long-branch buds are uppermost. Dwarf-branch buds occur in all lateral bud zones. During spring LBTB internodes elongate, new cataphylls are initiated, dwarf branches elongate, needles form and elongate, pollen forms and is released, and ovulate cones are pollinated. During summer buds form in the axils of the newly formed cataphylls. By early fall the new LBTB are in overwintering condition and the four types of lateral buds are discernable. The cytohistological zonation of the LBTB shoot apex is similar to that of more than 20 other conifer species. Cells in shoot apices of pine are usually arranged in distinct zones: apical initials, subapical initials, central meristem, and peripheral meristem. Periclinal divisions occur in the surface cells of the apex; therefore no tunica is present. At any given time, shoot apex volume and shape vary among LBTB in various positions on a tree. In any one LBTB on a tree, shoot apex shape changes from a low dome during spring to a high dome during summer to an intermediate shape through fall and winter.
Synthesizing approach for perspective-based architecture design

Architecture is recognized as a critical aspect in the successful development and evolution of software-intensive systems. Explicitly architecting such systems inevitably involves establishing consensus among different stakeholders' concerns. Unfortunately, there are few established approaches for rapidly prototyping architecture to identify key architectural components during the early stakeholder requirements resolution phases of software design. This paper presents an approach for developing a perspective-based architectural design (PBAD) using rapid prototyping. The approach relies on explicit architecting and system composition to provide a set of rules governing the system composition from coarser-grained components. The approach establishes mappings between perspective designs of recurring architectural facilities that implement compositional patterns. Finally, it provides a rationale for treating dependability as a set of semantic constraints localized on compositional patterns.
Simultaneous analysis of 1176 gene products in normal human aorta and abdominal aortic aneurysms using a membrane-based complementary DNA expression array

Abstract Background: A number of changes in gene expression have been described in abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), but the spectrum of molecular alterations in this disease is unknown. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of approximately 1000 gene products in human AAA tissue and to compare the profile of genes expressed in AAAs with that observed in normal aorta. Materials and Methods: Total RNA was isolated from abdominal aortic wall tissues (4 AAAs and 4 normal aortas), and array-specific [ 32 P]–labeled complementary DNA (cDNA) probes were created with reverse transcription. The cDNA probes were hybridized with nylon membranes containing an array of 1176 cDNA clones (AtlasArray Human 1.2 I; Clontech, Palo Alto, Calif), and autoradiographs were scanned to identify the patterns of gene expression characteristic of each tissue type. Densitometric analysis was used to standardize the expression of individual genes to a panel of housekeeping controls, and differential gene expression was defined by a signal ratio of at least 2:1. Results: One hundred forty-five (12.3%) of the 1176 genes were consistently expressed in aortic tissue. Thymosin β-4 was the most abundant of 101 transcripts detected in both AAAs and normal aorta, whereas 44 genes exhibited differential patterns of expression (39 predominant in AAAs and 5 in normal aorta). Densitometric analysis confirmed differences in expression for 20 of these gene products between AAAs and normal aorta, with the greatest increases seen for myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (31-fold), cathepsin H (30-fold), platelet-derived growth factor–A (23-fold), apolipoprotein E (13-fold), gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (12-fold), and interleukin-8 (11-fold). The only gene products substantially decreased in AAAs were myosin light chain kinase (39-fold) and β-1 integrin (twofold). AAA tissues thereby exhibited a distinct pattern of gene expression reflecting chronic inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, atherosclerosis, and smooth muscle cell depletion. Conclusions: cDNA expression arrays provide a powerful new approach to help identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for aneurysmal degeneration. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the functional and pathophysiologic significance of the individual genes that exhibit altered levels of expression in AAA tissue. (J Vasc Surg 2001;34:143-50.)
The history of reindeer in Iceland and reindeer study 1979 - 1981

This report deals with the history of reindeer in Iceland and reindeer study in East Iceland in the years 1979 - 1981. The study included about half of the Icelandic reindeer population, i.e. that part of it affected by the proposed Austurlandsvirkjun hydro-electric power scheme. The study was originally based on «Proposal for study of reindeer and ranges in Iceland» by Eldar Gaare and Eigil Reimers (1978). A summary of the investigation plan is shown in Table 1. Reinens historie pa Island og reinundersokelser 1979 - 1981. Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Denne rapport omhandler historien om reinsdyr pa Island samt undersokelser over reinen pa Ost-Island i arene 1979 - 1981. Disse studier omfatter omlag halvdelen av den islandske reinpopulasjon, d.v.s. den del som blir berort av den foreslatte hydroelektriske utbygging i Austurlandsvirkjun. Undersokelsene ble opprinnelig planlagt etter et forslag om undersokelser av rein og reinbeiter pa Island utarbeidet av Eldar Gaare og Eigil Reimers. En oversikt over denne plan er vist i Tabell 1. Porojen historiaa Islannissa ja porojen tutkimusta vuosina 1979 - 1981. Abstract in Finnish / Yhteenveto: Raportti kasittelee porojen historiaa Islannissa ja ne porotutkimukset, jotka suoritettiin Ita-Islannissa vuosina 1979-1981. Tutkimukset kasittavat suunnilleen puolet Islannin porokannasta tai siita sen osan, johon Austurlandsvirkjuniin ehdotettu voimalaitossuunnitelma vaikuttaa. Alunpitaen tutkimukset ovat perustuneet Eldar Gaaren ja Eigil Reimersin tyohon: «Ehdotus porojen ja porolaidunten tutkimuksesta Islannissa». Katsaus projektisuunnitelmista on naytetty taulukossa 1.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Hexadecane/Silicalite Interfaces

The interface between liquid hexadecane and the (010) surface of silicalite was studied by molecular dynamics. The structure of molecules in the interracial region is influenced by the presence of pore mouths on the silicalite surface. For this surface, whose pores are the entrances to straight channels, the concentration profile for partially absorbed molecules is peaked around 10 monomers inside the zeolite. No preference to enter or exit the zeolite based on absorption length is observed except for very small or very large absorption lengths. We also found no preferential conformation of the unabsorbed tails for partially absorbed molecules.
Calcium Metabolism in Experimental Hypertension

ConclusionClearly, Ca2+ metabolism is altered in hypertension at both the whole animal and cellular level. Furthermore, dietary Ca2+ deficiency is associated with human hypertension at the epidemiologic level and oral Ca2+ supplementation lowers blood pressure in human and experimental hypertension. In this review, we have presented the integrated view that a constellation of systemic abnormalities of Ca2+ metabolism in hypertension results in inefficient Ca2+ conservation and relative Ca2+ deficiency. Furthermore, the cellular findings in hypertension suggest increased cell membrane Ca2+ permeability and a compromised ability of the cell to remove or sequester intracellular Ca2+. Paradoxically this leads to increased intracellular free Ca2+ stores in the face of reduced extracellular Ca2+. Unfortunately most of the whole animal and cellular work has been carried out using different tissues. Nonetheless, it seems reasonable to hypothesize that abnormal Ca2+ handling at the cellular level is ultimately ref...
Decoupling computation and data scheduling in distributed data-intensive applications

In high-energy physics, bioinformatics, and other disciplines, we encounter applications involving numerous, loosely coupled jobs that both access and generate large data sets. So-called Data Grids seek to harness geographically distributed resources for such large-scale data-intensive problems. Yet effective scheduling in such environments is challenging, due to a need to address a variety of metrics and constraints while dealing with multiple, potentially independent sources of jobs and a large number of storage, compute, and network resources. We describe a scheduling framework that addresses these problems. Within this framework, data movement operations may be either tightly bound to job scheduling decisions or, alternatively, performed by a decoupled, asynchronous process on the basis of observed data access patterns and load. We develop a family of algorithms and use simulation studies to evaluate various combinations. Our results suggest that while it is necessary to consider the impact of replication, it is not always necessary to couple data movement and computation scheduling. Instead, these two activities can be addressed separately, thus significantly simplifying the design and implementation.
Accomplishing NAGPRA: Perspectives on the Intent, Impact, and Future of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (Chari and Lavallee, eds.)

This work is a book review considering the title Accomplishing NAGPRA: Perspectives on the Intent, Impact, and Future of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act edited by Sangita Chari and Jaime M. N. Lavallee.
Eye and mouse movements for user interface design

The study investigates the prospect of eye movements in user interface design and interaction. The experiment involved subjects performing a set of tasks on a command-based interface with the mouse while their eye movements were being tracked. Some initial results of the study of relationship of mouse and eye movements are provided.
The Bonding of Fluorinated and Hydrogenated Ethers to Metal Surfaces: A Surface Science Approach to Tribology

We report a surface science study of fluorinated and hydrogenated ethers adsorbed at a metal surface. Fluorinated ethers bond less strongly to ruthenium surfaces than the hydrogenated analogs, both for atomically-smooth and atomically-rough surfaces. For the hydrogenated ethers, 0.03 to 0.17 monolayers undergo decomposition, while fluorinated ethers do not decompose significantly.
Aging and schizophrenia: current health services research and recommendations.

Little is known about the functioning and health care use of older patients with schizophrenia. Understanding the use patterns of older patients with schizophrenia, a rapidly growing population, will inform health care planners and policy makers who make decisions about resource allocation and program development. The results are presented from a large-scale study to examine the relationship between age and the use of health services and level of functioning in patients with schizophrenia. Older adults with schizophrenia experienced fewer psychiatric hospitalizations but, once hospitalized, had longer inpatient stays. In contrast, older patients had fewer outpatient psychiatric visits and more medical outpatient visits and medical hospitalizations than younger individuals. The relatively lower use of outpatient psychiatric care by older patients with schizophrenia suggests that there may be barriers to accessing these services. When older patients are hospitalized for psychiatric reasons, their stays are ...
A Four-Tier Problem-Solving Scaffold to Teach Pain Management in Dental School

Pain constitutes a major reason patients pursue dental treatment. This article presents a novel curriculum to provide dental students comprehensive training in the management of pain. The curriculum's four-tier scaffold combines traditional and problem-based learning to improve students' diagnostic, pharmacotherapeutic, and assessment skills to optimize decision making when treating pain. Tier 1 provides underpinning knowledge of pain mechanisms with traditional and contextualized instruction by integrating clinical correlations and studying worked cases that stimulate clinical thinking. Tier 2 develops critical decision making skills through self-directed learning and actively solving problem-based cases. Tier 3 exposes students to management approaches taken in allied health fields and cultivates interdisciplinary communication skills. Tier 4 provides a "knowledge and experience synthesis" by rotating students through community pain clinics to practice their assessment skills. This combined teaching approach aims to increase critical thinking and problem-solving skills to assist dental graduates in better management of pain throughout their careers. Dental curricula that have moved to comprehensive care/private practice models are well-suited for this educational approach. The goal of this article is to encourage dental schools to integrate pain management into their curricula, to develop pain management curriculum resources for dental students, and to provide leadership for change in pain management education.
Robust Nonlinear Control of a Novel Indexing Valve Plate Pump: Simulation Studies

A robust adaptive pressure control strategy is proposed for a novel indexing variable-displacement pump. In the proposed approach, parametric uncertainties and unmodeled dynamics are identified to the extent possible using a model free learning network and used to decouple the dynamics using physical insights derived from careful reduced order modeling. The swash plate motion control is then carefully designed to provide the desired pressure response characteristics showing improved performance with learning. The proposed control framework and designs are validated using a detailed nonlinear simulation model.
Reporting Intersections of Polygons

An algorithm is given for reporting pairs of intersecting polygons from among a given set of polygons. A plane-sweeping algorithm is used together with a segment tree of the type introduced by Bentley and Wood [2] to report intersections between rectilinearly oriented rectangles. Bentley and Wood use a segment tree to store the line segments formed by the intersection of a sweep line with the set of rectangles. When arbitrarily polygons are used instead of rectangles, the cross-sections of the polygons are of continually varying length, and the standard segment tree is not satisfactory. In order to handle this difficulty the concept of pseudo-coordinates is introduced.
Prognostic factors for survival in pancreatic cancer: a population-based study

Abstract Background We performed a population-based study of patients from the deep South of the United States (with >25% black residents) to evaluate the survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. Our aims were to analyze prognostic factors influencing pancreatic cancer survival using the population-based Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry and to determine whether race/ethnicity is an independent determinant of outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods Eligible participants included all persons diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 1996 to 2000 and reported to the Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry. Survival time was calculated from time of diagnosis to death for pancreatic cancer deaths or to date of last contact or death from other causes for censored participants. Risk factors associated with survival were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier survival method and the log-rank test. Demographic, tumor, and treatment variables were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results Of 2230 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 71 years and the male to female ratio was approximately 1:1. Seventy-three percent of patients were white, and 27% of patients were black. The distribution by stage was 12.5% localized disease, 29.6% regional, 35.3% distant, and 22.6% unstaged. The median survival time for all patients was .39 ± .01 years. Patients who underwent surgical treatment were less likely to die of pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio, .48; 95% confidence interval, .41–.56). Similarly, patients who underwent either chemotherapy or radiation therapy had improved survival rates (hazard ratio, .62; 95% confidence interval, .53–.73). Across all stages, black patients were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy compared with white patients (26.7% vs 32.3%, P = .02), and were less likely to receive surgical intervention (14.02% vs 17.0%, P = .09). When examining patients who were offered their therapy of choice but refused, we found across all stages that a greater proportion of black patients refused therapies versus whites: 5.6% versus 2.9% (P = .02) for chemotherapy, 3.8% versus 1.6% (P = .04) for radiation, and 9.0% versus 3.3% (P = .001 for surgery). The Cox proportional hazard model showed no effect of race on overall survival time while controlling for stage at presentation, type of therapy received, age at diagnosis, and site of primary tumor. Conclusions Survival in patients with pancreatic cancer remains dismal. Tumor characteristics and treatment factors are related directly to survival time in patients with pancreatic cancer. Black patients were less likely to receive therapy but also were more likely to refuse the indicated therapy. Factors leading to racial disparity in the treatment of pancreatic cancer warrant further investigation.
Prepared childbirth and the concept of control.

Evaluative reports by women participating in a prepared childbirth program were reviewed. These reports were examined from the perspective of attempting to clarify those factors associated with satisfaction with the hospital labor and delivery experience. The perception of maintaining control was closely associated with satisfaction in this series of 145 women. The several different connotations of the phrase “to maintain control” are discussed. How preparation for childbirth contributes to a perception of maintaining control is examined.
Analytical bounds on broadcast with hitch-hiking in wireless ad-hoc networks

Recently, there have been papers indicating that the maximal ratio combiner device can result in energy savings in wireless ad hoc networks by using hitch-hiking. We study the min-energy broadcast with hitch-hiking problem, an idealized version of broadcast using hitch-hiking, a problem studied experimentally in the INFOCOM 2004 paper of Agarwal et al. min-energy broadcast with hitch-hiking captures the maximum savings one can achieve in broadcasting using maximal ratio combiners. We show that the optimum of the classical min-energy broadcast problem is at most O(log2 n) times the optimum of min-energy broadcast with hitch-hiking, where n is the number of nodes in the networks. We show that this bound is tight up to a constant. In the special case when the nodes are on a line and the power requirement for node u to reach node v is d(u,v)K where d(u,v) the Euclidean distance between u and v and K is the signal attenuation exponent, which is assumed to be in between 2 and 5, we show that the optimum of the min-energy broadcast problem is at most a constant times optimum of min-energy broadcast with hitch-hiking. We also show that min-energy broadcast with hitch-hiking is NP-Hard, and present approximation algorithms. A formal definition of min-energy broadcast with hitch-hiking is given below. The input consists of a complete directed graph G = (V, E) with power requirement function c: E rarr R +, and a source s isin V. The output consists of a permutation T = of V with v1 = s and power assignment p(v) of every vertex v. For every 1 les i 1 we have Sigman i=1 p(vi)
Thoughts About Evidence-Based Nursing Practice:

This paper is an essay about evidence-based nursing practice, with an emphasis on evidence in the form of various types of theories developed by various modes of inquiry. The essay is the second in a series written to acknowledge the 25th anniversary of the founding of Nursing Science Quarterly.
Deciding when to switch tasks in time-critical multitasking

While cognitive modeling has begun to make good progress in accounting for human multitasking behavior, current models typically focus on externally-driven task switching in laboratory-task settings. In contrast, many real-world complex tasks, particularly time-critical ones, involve internally-driven multitasking in which people themselves decide when to switch between tasks. In this paper, we propose an adaptation of the ACT-R cognitive architecture that incorporates a notion of elapsed time for the current goal and uses time to determine when to switch away from the current task. We demonstrate the usefulness of this mechanism in an application to a dynamic, time-critical dual search task, showing how an ACT-R model can account for various aspects of human subjects' multitasking behavior.
MUC4 Expression in Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinomas: Relationship to Tumor Histology and Patient Survival

Abstract Context.—Mucin 4 (MUC4) is a high-molecular-weight membrane–bound glycoprotein that is expressed in the foregut before epithelial differentiation. It is found in normal adult airway epithelium, non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and in other human malignancies independent of mucus secretion. Although its tissue distribution has been studied, its utility in predicting prognosis in NSCLC is unknown. Objective.—To evaluate the relationship between MUC4 overexpression and long-term survival in patients with NSCLC. Design.—Immunohistochemical staining for MUC4 was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 343 cases of NSCLC arranged in a high-density tissue microarray. Information about long-term survival and tumor stage was collected for all patients. Semiquantitative assessment of MUC4 staining was correlated with survival (Kaplan-Meier analysis). Results.—MUC4 was frequently expressed in adenocarcinomas (151/187 [81%]), squamous cell carcinomas (69/ 88 [78%]), adenosquam...
PNI dysregulation in minority and low-income postpartum women: A persistent fingerprint of disadvantage

Our 5-year investigation of psychoneuroimmune (PNI) function in perinatal women identified increased inflammation and elevated cortisol in minority and low-income pregnant women, compared to Caucasian, higher income pregnant women. Whether these findings were pregnancy-related or reflected a persistent biological fingerprint of disadvantage was unclear. This cohort has now delivered and we tested the hypothesis that PNI deviations persist postpartum, perhaps explaining long-term adverse effects of poverty and minority status. Cytokines were measured prenatally and on Days 7 and 14 and Months 1, 2, 3, and 6 postpartum. The day preceding each sampling, subjects self-collected saliva for cortisol area under the curve (AUC). Minority and low income women were classified as high risk for social disadvantage; Caucasian, upper income women as low. Cytokine and cortisol data were evaluated using multiple regression, controlling for baseline differences. 201 women enrolled; 152 completed through 3- and 129 through 6-months postpartum. 36% were at high risk for social disadvantage. IL-6 was elevated in the high risk women compared to the low risk women at 2-, 3-, and 6 -months ( p = 0.031, 0.001, and 0.009 respectively) and IFNgamma at 2- and 3-months ( p = 0.029 and 0.005). AUC was higher at 6-months ( p = 0.018). Disadvantage also dysregulated cytokine-glucocorticoid feedback. Inflammation and elevated cortisol contribute to adverse physical and mental health. Persistent elevations postpartum may contribute to health disparities in this group across the lifespan.
Delaunay-Voronoi surface integration: a full-wave electromagnetics discretization for electronic device simulation

A promising time domain electromagnetics numerical method for treating the highly nonlinear problem of charge transport in electronic devices called Delaunay-Voronoi surface integration is presented. This method couples the rotational electric and magnetic fields governed by Ampere's and Faraday's laws with the electrostatic potential dictated by Poisson's equation in a simultaneous solution. Discretization of the governing equations using dual meshes and the relevant boundary conditions are presented. The engineering application details specific to electronic device simulation are treated, and an example calculation is shown to compare with an analytical solution for propagation in a waveguide. Benchmark results are presented for the rotational equations, Poisson's equation, and the complete set of electromagnetic equations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Urban Form on Energy Use in Central City and Suburban Neighborhoods: Lessons from the Phoenix Metropolitan Region☆

Abstract Urban form, land use patterns, and the type of structures significantly influence a city's energy needs, and consequently, its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to clarify connections between urban form and its use together with the associated energy demands for infrastructure (buildings and paved surfaces) and transport. The model is tested through case studies of two Phoenix sub-areas, one in downtown Phoenix, which is undergoing redevelopment towards higher density housing and the second, a low-density suburban area at the edge of Phoenix, which has undergone significant growth in the last two decades. The results indicate that older inner city areas continue to have the lowest energy demands and carbon emissions per capita compared to other neighborhoods examined. The low-density areas in the inner city and in the newer suburbs have almost equal amounts of energy demands per capita. However, the bulk of the energy demands in the newer suburbs is related to the transportation infrastructure while the older low-density neighborhoods have higher energy intensive residential structures.
In vivo conversion of penicillin N into a cephalosporin type antibiotic by a non-producing mutant of Streptomyces clavuligerus

Intact mycelia of beta-lactam antibiotic producing microorganisms are generally considered to be impermeable to externally fed penicillin. Using growing cells of the non-producing mutant. Streptomyces clavuligerus NP1, it was surprisingly possible to convert externally fed penicillin N into a cephalosporin type of antibiotic.
The collision induced spectroscopies

Classical spectral line shapes are symmetric and easy to compute. Measured broad profiles, on the other hand, are asymmetric (principle of detailed balance) and can be reproduced from a much more involved quantum theory. Various desymmetrization procedures are known which, when applied to classical profiles, result in a line shape that is formally consistent with the asymmetry required by detailed balance. It is an interesting fact that various desymmetrization procedures known give rise to very different profiles. Little is known about which (if any) results in a simple but accurate substitute for the quantum shape. An ab initio quantum calculation is in close agreement with a measurement of the binary collision induced, translational Raman spectrum of helium at 30 amagat. To a classical line shape based on the same input, four common desymmetrization procedures are applied. The comparison shows that the Egelstaff procedure simulates the quantum profile most closely and should have broad applications in ...
Workplace Discrimination Is Associated With Alcohol Abuse Among Ethnically Diverse Hospital Staff

Research suggests that workplace discrimination plays a role in absenteeism, productivity, and turnover. A link among workplace discrimination, mental health, and health disparities may also exist. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported workplace discrimination is associated with alcohol abuse among hospital workers. Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data collected from a prospective cohort study of workers in two healthcare institutions (n = 664) was conducted. Workplace discrimination in the previous 12 months was reported by 14% (n = 91) of participants who were four times more likely to score higher on likely alcohol abuse than their peers. White participants who reported any discrimination were more likely to score higher on likely alcohol abuse than racial/ethnic minority participants who reported any discrimination. Given a diversifying workforce, further research is needed on how workplace discrimination contributes to stress and maladaptive coping, and ultimately health disparities.
Abstract 1111: Enhancer of Zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) regulates BRCA1 transiently nuclear export during the cell cycle, and induces tetraploidy of breast cells through AKT1

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC EZH2 is overexpressed in breast carcinomas with high propensity to metastasize. EZH2 is an oncogene essential to promote proliferation and capable to trigger neoplastic conversion in the breast. We have reported that EZH2 promotes proliferation of breast cancer through downregulation of BRCA1 protein, but the mechanism is unknown. BRCA1 shuttles between the cytoplasm and nucleus to maintain genomic stability. AKT1 up regulation disrupts BRCA1 function by altering its nuclear localization and inducing genomic instability. We hypothesize that EZH2 regulates nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of BRCA1 in breast cells through AKT1. Methods: We developed two cell culture models: an inducible EZH2 up regulation system in MCF10A benign mammary cells and a lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference targeting EZH2 model in CAL51 breast cancer cells (tetraploid, hormone receptor negative, and with intact p53 and BRCA1 genes). Our recently developed EZH2 transgenic mouse model was analyzed to determine the in vivo relevance of our in vitro data obtained by Western blots, immunofluorescence, proliferation, and FACS. Results: EZH2 shRNA knock-down in CAL51 cells increased BRCA1 nuclear localization in early S phase, decreased cell growth by delaying cell cycle progression, and tetraploidy. EZH2 overexpression in MCF10A cells decreased BRCA1 nuclear localization, increased proliferation and caused mitotic spindle defects and tetraploidy. EZH2 overexpression increased total and phoshporylated AKT1 at serine 473. Specific pharmacologic inhibition of AKT reverted the effect of EZH2 on BRCA1 nuclear localization, proliferation, mitotic defects and tetraploidy. We also found that EZH2 directly interacts with AKT1 protein. Mammary glands of EZH2 transgenic mice show up-regulation of AKT1 and a decreased in nuclear BRCA1 protein compared to wild type mice. Conclusion: EZH2 regulates the nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of BRCA1 protein and influences BRCA1 functions on proliferation, mitotic spindle control, and maintenance of genomic stability in benign breast cells and in breast cancer cells. The regulation of BRCA1 localization and function by EZH2 requires AKT. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1111.
Unilateral National Defence Organisations: An Economic Analysis of Non-economic Structures

The ‘war industry’ is that segment of economic structures and activities which produces what is purchased with military expenditures, mainly out of nation-states’ military budgets. Unilateral National Defence Organisations (UNDOs) are those departments within governments that organise the war industry. We may add terrorist organisations (soldiers without governments) to this list.
Combining bottom trawls and acoustics in a diverse semipelagic environment: What is the contribution of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) to near-bottom acoustic backscatter in the eastern Bering Sea?

The abundance of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) in the eastern Bering Sea is estimated in part through fisheries-independent acoustic trawl (AT) surveys, which currently use acoustic backscatter data down to 3 m above the bottom. A large portion of adult pollock are demersal, and these estimates will become more accurate if the survey is extended closer to bottom. The purpose of this project was to assess the feasibility of extending the AT survey closer to the bottom by estimating the contributions of each demersal fish species to observed acoustic backscatter in the highly diverse near-bottom region. This was accomplished by fitting a regression model to simultaneously collected acoustic backscatter and bottom trawl catch data. Pollock were the dominant source of acoustic backscatter among demersal species, accounting for 85.9% ± 4.8% of acoustic backscatter (mean ± standard deviation). A method was developed to extend the AT survey to within 0.5 m of the bottom, and when applied to the 1994–2014...
E-groups Do Not Have Proper Semidirect Sum Decompositions

An E-group is a group in which each element commutes with any of its endomorphic images. Hence E-groups provide a generalization of abelian groups. It is easy to show that the endomorphism near-ring (the group generated additively by the endomorphisms) of an E-group is a ring, just as the endomorphism near-ring of an abelian group is a ring. In this paper, we establish the fact that, like abelian groups, E-groups have no proper semidirect sum decompositions (i.e. a semidirect sum decomposition of an E-group must be a direct sum decomposition).
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Knowledge Management Technologies: A Discriminative Approach

The increasing importance of knowledge management has prompted many researchers to examine facets of this important topic. However, the nature of the variables influencing the adoption process is n...
An atypical case of Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer (HLRCC)-associated renal cell carcinoma identified by next-generation sequencing

Abstract Germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase ( FH ) gene classically lead to Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer (HLRCC) syndrome. Patients with HLRCC typically exhibit multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas at a young age. They also display a 20–30% lifetime risk for renal carcinomas, which commonly present before 40years of age, have a distinct papillary morphology, and an aggressive phenotype. However, the clinical presentation of HLRCC and the morphology of HLRCC-associated renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) can be variable and thereby evade diagnosis. Here, we present two cases of HLRCC-associated RCC to emphasize this point. The first case is typical of HLRCC, involving a 29-year-old man with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas and a renal tumor with characteristic papillary morphology. Next, we describe a 48-year-old man presenting with metastatic cancer of unknown primary origin and no skin findings. Interestingly, next-generation sequencing of his metastatic tumor identified two unique FH mutations. In both cases, FH mutations were confirmed as germline. These cases highlight the variable presentations of HLRCC-associated RCC and underscore the importance of screening tumors of unknown origin for FH mutations using next-generation sequencing.
Genome Editing in Neurosciences

Innovations in molecular biology are allowing neuroscientists to study the brain with unprecedented resolution, from the level of single molecules to integrated gene circuits. Chief among these innovations is the CRISPR-Cas genome editing technology, which has the precision and scalability to tackle the complexity of the brain. This Colloque Medecine et Recherche has brought together experts from around the world that are applying genome editing to address important challenges in neuroscience, including basic biology in model organisms that has the power to reveal systems-level insight into how the nervous system develops and functions as well as research focused on understanding and treating human neurological disorders.
Differentiation and Protective Capacity of Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cells Suggest Murine Norovirus Persistence in an Immune-Privileged Enteric Niche

Noroviruses can establish chronic infections with active viral shedding in healthy humans but whether persistence is associated with adaptive immune dysfunction is unknown. We used genetically engineered strains of mouse norovirus (MNV) to investigate CD8+ T cell differentiation during chronic infection. We found that chronic infection drove MNV-specific tissue-resident memory (Trm) CD8+ T cells to a differentiation state resembling inflationary effector responses against latent cytomegalovirus with only limited evidence of exhaustion. These MNV-specific Trm cells remained highly functional yet appeared ignorant of ongoing viral replication. Pre-existing MNV-specific Trm cells provided partial protection against chronic infection but largely ceased to detect virus within 72 hours of challenge, demonstrating rapid sequestration of viral replication away from T cells. Our studies revealed a strategy of immune evasion by MNV via the induction of a CD8+ T cell program normally reserved for latent pathogens and persistence in an immune-privileged enteric niche.
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: an Update on Management

This article reviews the pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of pediatric TBI, as well as highlights recent updates in the literature. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and permanent disability worldwide, and its prevalence presents a significant public health concern. Since the second edition of the Guidelines for the Acute Medical Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants, Children, and Adolescents was released, several recent studies have broadened our understanding of pediatric TBI. While there remains a paucity of high-level evidence on which to base precise consensus guidelines for care in pediatric patients, recent studies have addressed therapeutic hypothermia, pharmacologic treatment of elevated intracranial pressure, and abusive head trauma. Understanding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for pediatric TBI, while preventing secondary insults, remains a cornerstone for improving patient outcomes.
Evidence for Prehistoric Scalping in Northeastern Nebraska

There is currently some controversy concerning the practice of scalping in Nebraska prior to contact between indigenous peoples and Europeans. Four individuals recovered from prehistoric sites in n...
Dual-Functional Tamm-Dancoff Approximation with Self-Interaction-Free Orbitals: Vertical Excitation Energies and Potential Energy Surfaces near an Intersection Seam.

Recently we have developed the dual-functional Tamm–Dancoff approximation (DF-TDA) method. DF-TDA is an alternative to linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) with the advantage of providing a correct double-cone topology of S1/S0 conical intersections. In the DF-TDA method, we employ different functionals, which are denoted G and F, for orbital optimization and Hamiltonian construction. We use the notation DF-TDA/G:F. In the current work, we propose that G be the same as F except for having 100% Hartree–Fock exchange. We use the notation F100 to denote functional F with this modification. A motivation for this is that functionals with 100% Hartree–Fock exchange are one-electron self-interaction-free. Here we validate the use of F100/M06 to compute vertical excitation energies and the global potential energy surface of ammonia near a conical intersection to further validate the F100 method for photochemical problems.