cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ion-molecule reaction dynamics: Velocity map imaging studies of N+ and O+ with CD3OD

We present a study of the charge transfer reactions of the atomic ions N(+)and O(+) with methanol in the collision energy range from ∼2 to 4 eV. Charge transfer is driven primarily by energy resonance, although the widths of the product kinetic energy distributions suggest that significant interchange between relative translation and product vibration occurs. Charge transfer with CD3OD is more exoergic for N(+), and the nascent parent ion products appear to be formed in excited B and C electronic states, and fragment to CD2OD(+) by internal conversion and vibrational relaxation to the ground electronic state. The internal excitation imparted to the parent ion is sufficient to result in loss of one or two D atoms from the carbon atom. The less exoergic charge transfer reaction of O(+) forms nascent parent ions in the excited A state, and internal conversion to the ground state only results in ejection of single D atom. Selected isotopomers of methanol were employed to identify reaction products, demonstrating that deuterium atom loss from nascent parent ions occurs by C-D bond cleavage. Comparison of the kinetic energy distributions for charge transfer to form CD3OD(+) and CD2OD(+) by D atom loss with the known dynamics for hydride abstraction from a carbon atom provides strong evidence that the D loss products are formed by dissociative charge transfer rather than hydride (deuteride) transfer. Isotopic labeling also demonstrates that chemical reaction in the N(+) + CD3OD system to form NO(+) + CD4 does not occur in the energy range of these experiments, contrary to earlier speculation in the literature.
Level IIB lymph node metastasis in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Single-institution case series and review of the literature

Objectives/Hypothesis To determine the incidence of level IIB lymph node metastasis in patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and to evaluate the need for elective and therapeutic neck dissection of level IIB. Study Design Retrospective cohort study and review of the literature. Methods Patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (N = 65) were primarily treated with surgery at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) from 2004 through 2010. Neck dissection specimens were analyzed by a pathologist, and metastases to level IIB were reported. In addition, 18 previously published studies, totaling 1,114 neck dissections, were reviewed. Results Level IIB lymph node metastases were present in 4% and 17% of elective and therapeutic neck dissections, respectively. Ipsilateral IIB metastasis was more common than contralateral IIB metastasis in elective and therapeutic neck dissection specimens. Level IIB lymph node metastasis was not significantly associated with level IIA nodal metastasis, level III nodal metastasis, clinical primary tumor stage, clinical nodal stage, or pathologic confirmation of extracapsular spread in either laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions The rate of occult IIB metastasis in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is exceedingly low. In a clinically node-negative case, the ipsilateral and contralateral level IIB nodal packet should not be dissected. For clinically node-positive cases, ipsilateral level IIB dissection should be performed; contralateral IIB dissection should be performed only when indicated. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 123:3032–3036, 2013
Minimum energy spike randomization for neurons

With inspiration from Arthur Winfree's idea of randomizing the phase of an oscillator by driving its state to a set in which the phase is not defined, i.e., the phaseless set, we employ a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman approach to design a minimum energy control law that effectively randomizes the next spiking time for a two-dimensional conductance-based model of noisy oscillatory neurons. The control is initially designed for the deterministic system through the numerical solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman partial differential equation for the cost-to-go function, from which the minimum energy stimulus can be found; then its performance is investigated in the presence of noise. It is shown that such control causes a considerable amount of randomization in the timing of the neuron's next spike.
Adenosine A2B receptors as therapeutic targets

Recent evidence indicates that A 2B receptors mediate cellular functions with potential clinical relevance. Both A 2A and A 2B receptors mediate vasodilation, and the receptor type involved depends on the vascular bed and species studied. In some experimental models, A 2B -induced vasodilation is mediated by the endothelium, but it is unclear whether this vasodilation is due to nitric oxide or whether A 2B receptors also mediate direct vascular smooth muscle relaxation. A 2B receptors expressed in smooth muscle cells inhibit their growth, raising the possibility that these receptors play a role in the vascular remodeling process observed in hypertension and atherosclerosis. A 2B receptors are also expressed in neurons, and there are several examples of these receptors mediating neuroexcitatory actions, including potentiation of neurotransmitter release. The highest expression of A 2B receptors is found throughout the intestinal tract. During diarrheal processes, neutrophils recruited into intestinal crypts release a soluble neutrophil-derived secretagogue, which then increases intestinal secretion. It is now known that this neutrophil product is AMP, which is then converted to adenosine to activate A 2B receptors expressed in intestinal epithelium. It was also recently found that activation of human mast cells by adenosine is mediated by A 2B receptors. Mast cell activation is involved in adenosine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, suggesting that A 2B receptors are involved in this process. Our understanding of the functional role of A 2B receptors is hindered by the lack of selective agonist and antagonist of this receptor type. Recent studies suggest the feasibility of developing A 2B antagonists. Such agents may prove useful in the treatment of diarrheal diseases and in asthma.
Toward a Research-Practice-Community Partnership: Goin' Fishing and Showing Slides

Chorpita et al. achieve a major goal and provide an exemplar for a collegial yet data-based approach to the dissemination of empirically supported approaches to actual practice. As we applaud the accomplishment, we also consider some of the related issues, such as questioning what else needs to be done to get the empirically supported treatments implemented in the real settings. Importantly, Chorpita et al. recognize and specify that making lists of the effective treatments is not enough. Additional forward movement may be evident as we increase our sensitivity to variations in client's developmental levels, work to overcome existing misperceptions of manual-based treatments, and further examine the role of supervision in the transportability of empirically supported treatments.
Solid-phase synthesis of alkanethiols for the preparation of self-assembled monolayers.

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols (ATs) on gold can be used to fabricate surfaces for nanoscience and biology. The chemical structure of the interface can be tailored simply by modifying the AT headgroup. To streamline access to different precursor ATs, we developed a general solid-phase synthetic route. A key feature of this route is the use of a modified resin containing an AT linker (“AT resin”) because it minimizes purification steps. The precursor to the AT resin was prepared in five steps, and all of the synthetic intermediates are stable solids that can be purified by crystallization. Accordingly, the AT resin can be prepared on a multigram scale. The utility of the AT resin was evaluated by using it to generate a variety of ATs. For example, ATs presenting different types of integrin-binding ligands (linear and cyclic RGD derivatives) were prepared and used to form arrays of SAMs that support cell adhesion. Additionally, the AT resin also provides a starting point for the synthesis ...
Developmental and genetic influences on the p50 sensory gating phenotype

Evoked potentials to pairs of click stimuli were recorded from 127 subjects ranging in age from 10 to 39 years to examine the developmental course of auditory sensory gating. The ratio of the amplitude of the second response to that of the first provides a quantitative measure of auditory sensory gating. Contrary to earlier results, the distribution of P50 ratios was unchanged between children and younger adolescents (10–14 years), older adolescents (15–19 years), and adults (20–29 and 30–39 years). Included in the sample were 39 adolescent twins, allowing assessment for possible genetic effects underlying the P50 sensory gating phenotype, by comparison of the similarity of the measure in monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twin pairs. The monozygotic twins had significantly higher similarity for the P50 ratio within each twin pair than the dizygotic twins. These results are consistent with the presence of genetic influences on the P50 sensory gating phenotype.
Cephalothoracopagus syncephalus: pre-natal roentgenographic diagnosis.

A case report of a cephalothoracopagus syncephalus conjoined twin diagnosed on the pre-natal roentgenogram is presented.
Novel tissue preservative and tissue fixative for comparative pathology and animal research

Abstract Aim To determine whether universal molecular fixative (UMFIX), a novel human tissue fixative, could also be used as an animal tissue fixative for histomorphology and a preservative of RNA at subtropical temperatures. Cat, dog, mouse, pigeon, rabbit and rat tissue, as well as ant, beetle, earthworm and lizard were collected. Tissue was fixed in UMFIX for up to a week at room or ambient temperatures, processed and paraffin embedded. Histomorphology and RNA quality were evaluated and compared to formalin-fixed and fresh frozen tissue. Results Animal tissue fixed in UMFIX at room temperature or high ambient temperature (30–34 °C) provides similar histomorphology. Comparable to other alcohol-based fixatives, UMFIX produces a histomorphology similar but not identical to formalin. All minor histopathological differences, however, in no way interfere with establishing the correct diagnostic conclusion. Whereas RNA extracted from animal tissue fixed in formalin was completely degraded, tissue fixed up to 1 week in UMFIX at high ambient temperatures rendered completely intact RNA. Conclusions UMFIX represents a new class of preservative/fixative that protects RNA and provides acceptable histomorphology. Tissue fixation and preservation of RNA can be achieved at high ambient temperatures. This allows collection of animal tissue in field research without the need for immediate freezing of tissue and also provides histomorphology comparable to formalin-fixed tissue. Furthermore, as RNA is also preserved in UMFIX preserved paraffin-embedded tissue, if amount of tissue is limited the same tissue that is used to determine histomorphology can be used to extract RNA.
Mechanizing Proof: Computing, Risk, and Trust, by D. MacKenzie. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001. xi + 427 pp. $50.00. ISBN 0-262-13393-8.

It is the character of mathematics of modern times (in contrast to antiquity) that through our language of signs and nomenclature we possess a lever whereby the most complicated arguments are reduc...
Sensitivity computations of eddy viscosity models with an application in drag computation

This paper presents a numerical study of the sensitivity of an eddy viscosity model with respect to the variation of the eddy viscosity parameter for the two-dimensional driven cavity problem and flow around a cylinder. The main objective is to provide a comparison between computing the sensitivity using sensitivity equation and computing the sensitivity using finite difference methods and also numerically illustrate the application of the sensitivity computations in improving drag flow functional. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for a superantigen in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that has posed a significant global health burden for over five thousand years [7]. In recent years the disease has made a world-wide resurgence due in large part to the increase in AIDS cases as well as the presence of multidrugresistant strains. This resurgence in TB has led to a renewed effort to understand this desease, including mechanisms of protection and pathogenesis. One approach towards understanding TB infection relies upon molecular and cellular techniques to characterize the immune response by the host to the pathogen. T cells have long been known to be pivotal to a resistance immune response. The first data supporting this position were derived from the inability of researchers to transfer immunity with serum from convalescent animals [35]. However, T cells transferred from an immune animal to a naive animal can provide protection to subsequent rechallenge. Perhaps the best evidence supporting a role for T cells in immunity to TB has been derived from gene knockout mice that fail to express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or class II molecules [13, 25], and in humans, from the fact AIDS patients are exceptionally prone to infection from Mycobacterium tuberculosis [3, 11, 21, 39]. To identify T cell populations involved in the local immune response to M. tuberculosis, we decided to analyze T cells by examining the genes encoding the T cell receptor (TCR) in tuberculous pleuritis patients. These patients frequently have a large number of T cells in the pleural effusion that are antigen reactive and are actively secreting large amounts of interferon-"/(IFN-'7) [5, 6]. We reasoned that these T cells may be recognizing an immunodominant antigen that may be critical to the host for developing a successful immune response to the pathogen. To identify these T cells, we performed a TCR repertoire analysis on T cells present in the pleural fluid of tuberculous pleuritis patients, and compared these results to the repertoire
The differential effects of chlorpromazine and pentobarbital on two forms of conditioned avoidance behavior in Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis.

A series of experiments was designed to compare the conditioned behavior of a subspecies of deermouse (Peromyscus maniculatus gracilis) in two response situations: 1. avoidance of shock by climbing a pole, and 2. avoidance of shock by remaining on a non-electrified pan located at grid level. This subspecies is semi-arboreal in its natural habitat. As was expected, an experimentally-induced response analogous to those to which the animal is phenotypically predisposed is rapidly acquired and resistant to spontaneous extinction. Thus, the pole response was acquired more rapidly, was more resistant to extinction, and was less susceptible to suppression by drugs. The stability of such behavior makes mice exhibiting this type of response advantageous for testing the effects of psychotropic drugs. The fact that chlorpromazine may be differentiated from pentobarbital by means of these technics supports this conclusion.
A vector-space retrieval system for contextual awareness

This paper introduces a retrieval system based on context rather than content. The system uses a set of vector spaces to represent the different contextual characteristics (position, time, sound environment, etc.). In this model both the current context and the items in the corpus are represented by vectors. We then use vector similarities to identify the relevant items given the context. In order to take into account the user's own perception of the context we also use learning techniques based on the user feedback. This paper also presents two applications we are currently developing, which make use of this retrieval system: a contextual adaptive User Interface selecting the right configuration profiles matching the current context as acquired by a computer, and an augmented reality application for iPhone suggesting to the user activities and places that could be of interest to him given its current environment.
ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEXITIES OF THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS

The current global food crisis can be, in part, described as an outcome of not only historical patterns of income inequalities and long-standing food trade policies biased in favor of wealthier nations but also in terms of significant reductions in food aid and other safety-net programs for people living in poor nations. Despite the serious nature of the problem of food insecurity, only a limited amount of reliable descriptive research, especially at the community level, has explored the causes and consequences of the current food crisis. Anthropology offers a unique set of methodological and theoretical approaches that can be useful for designing, implementing, and evaluating programs and policies aimed at alleviating poverty and reducing food insecurity. Anthropologically informed research can provide a dynamic understanding of food insecurity in terms of its causes and consequences and its local, regional, and global underpinnings. This information can be helpful in incorporating a community-level understanding of the “local” determinants of food insecurity for developing effective and sustainable food policy and intervention programs.
Acquired resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni induced by Toxoplasma gondii

SPECIFIC acquired immunity to Schistosoma mansoni in the mouse has only recently been demonstrated definitively1. This phenomenon does not occur until 12 weeks after primary infection and has been found to be adoptively transferred only by serum2. The induction of so-called ‘immunity’ to S. mansoni has also been reported in mice and hamsters exposed to a wide variety of unrelated organisms and extracts3–6, but in most, if not all cases it is likely to be nonspecific. Although all of these acquired forms of resistance have been lumped together under the name of immunity, it is probable that the mechanisms of specific and nonspecific resistance are totally different. The present investigation of the effect on S. mansoni infection of Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite which renders mice resistant to a variety of unrelated organisms7–11, largely by activation of macrophages12, may clarify the role of nonspecific mechanisms in protection against schistosomiasis.
An Ellipsoidal Shell Model for Volume Estimation of the Right Ventricle from Magnetic Resonance Images

Rationale and Objectives. I developed a volume estimation technique for the crescentic volume of the right ventricle (RV) of the heart. A geometric model was desired to avoid the lengthy data collection and reduction required by Simpson's rule. Methods. An ellipsoidal shell model was developed that requires only simple mathematics and that resembles the RV shape. RV cast volumes were obtained by water displacement and Simpson's rule and model-based calculations using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Results. Model-based estimates correlated well with water displacement volumes ( r = 0.924), with a slope not significantly different from unity. Simpson's rule results showed a higher correlation ( r = 0.994), but it required longer acquisition and processing. Geometric irregularity in the RV shape required no modification in mathematics. Conclusion. The model provides reliable RV volume estimates from two MR image planes. The mathematics provides a simple approach to a relatively complex, crescentic shape. Short times for data acquisition and analysis suggest the potential for time savings during routine clinical measurements.
Behavior therapy versus placebo: comment on Bowers and Clum's meta-analysis

This article evaluates a meta-analysis of 69 studies of behavior therapy versus placebos reported by Bowers and Clum (1988). The use of meta-analysis for the evaluation of therapeutic outcome is criticized. An analysis of the subset of studies in the original article dealing with neurotic patients indicates that none of the studies provided evidence for the benefits of behavior therapy that meet the criteria of significant improvement on a heteromethod set of outcome measures that is maintained at follow-up assessment
Role of HHV-8 in Kaposi Sarcoma

BackgroundAlthough human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been suspected to be the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, little is known about its seroprevalence in the population, its modes of transmission, and its natural history.MethodsThe San Francisco Men's Health Study, begun in 1984, is a study of a population-based sample of men in an area with a high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. We studied all 400 men infected at base line with HIV and a sample of 400 uninfected men. Base-line serum samples were assayed for antibodies to HHV-8 latency–associated nuclear antigen (anti-LANA). In addition to the seroprevalence and risk factors for anti-LANA seropositivity, we analyzed the time to the development of Kaposi's sarcoma.ResultsAnti-LANA antibodies were found in 223 of 593 men (37.6 percent) who reported any homosexual activity in the previous five years and in none of 195 exclusively heterosexual men. Anti-LANA seropositivity correlated with a history of sexually transmitted diseases and had a linear association with the number of male sexual-intercourse partners. Among the men who were infected with both HIV and HHV-8 at base line, the 10-year probability of Kaposi's sarcoma was 49.6 percent. Base-line anti-LANA seropositivity preceded and was independently associated with subsequent Kaposi's sarcoma, even after adjustment for CD4 cell counts and the number of homosexual partners.ConclusionsThe prevalence of HHV-8 infection is high among homosexual men, correlates with the number of homosexual partners, and is temporally and independently associated with Kaposi's sarcoma. These observations are further evidence that HHV-8 has an etiologic role in Kaposi's sarcoma and is sexually transmitted among men.
Modulation of transcription factor activity by a distant steroid modulatory element.

Variations in the biological activity of antisteroids, as determined by their percent agonist activity, is a well known but poorly understood phenomenon. For example, in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) induction by the antiglucocorticoid dexamethasone 21-mesylate in rat hepatoma tissue culture cells, the percent agonist activity varies with the density of cultured cells. A 21-basepair sequence of the rat TAT gene has now been isolated which confers all of the induction properties of the endogenous TAT gene to homologous and heterologous promoters and genes. We call this 21-basepair sequence, which acts in concert with a trans-acting factor identified by gel shift experiments, a glucocorticoid modulatory element. The changes in induction properties were found to be independent of the fold induction by dexamethasone, thus arguing that the GME does not synergize with the glucocorticoid response element. A model incorporating this new element is advanced which can explain the observed variations of TAT induct...
The osmotic concentration of the tissue fluids of Jamaican montane rain-forest vegetation

Purpose of Investigation.-This paper is one of a series in which various problems involving the investigation of the osmotic pressure or osmotic concentration of the fluids of plant tissues are treated. Specifically it presents an extensive series of determinations of the freezing-point lowering of the extracted leaf sap of plants from the Blue Mountains of Jamaica, discusses the differences in these values in their relation to local differences in the environmental complex, and briefly compares the series as a whole with others now available. In another place (Harris, Lawrence and Gortner, I9I6) we have put forward in detail the arguments for the carrying out of such studies as a regular part of systematic and thoroughgoing phytogeographical investigation. It seems unnecessary, therefore, to repeat these arguments here. After completing a series of determinations of the osmotic concentration of the tissue fluids of a number of species of plants from the southwestern deserts, in the vicinity of the Desert Laboratory during the winter and spring months of I9I4, and comparing them (Harris, Lawrence and Gortner, I9I5) with a series made in the more mesophytic habitats in the neighborhood of the Station for Experimental Evolution on Long Island, the next most desirable step seemed to be the investigation of the sap properties of the plants of an extremely hygrophytic region. Since such field studies could be most conveniently carried out during the winter months, at a time when we could be absent from
Providing end-to-end performance guarantees using non-work-conserving disciplines

A non-work-conserving server is one that may be idle even when there are packets available to be sent. Since they do not provide the optimal average performance, non-work-conserving disciplines were seldom studied in the past. For the guaranteed performance service class in integrated services networks, the main performance index is the end-to-end delay bound, instead of the average delay. Providing end-to-end delay bounds in a networking environment is difficult. While bounding delay in any server requires a bound on the input traffic, complex interactions among traffic streams usually distort the traffic pattern, so that traffic inside the network is different from the source traffic. Previous techniques of bounding end-to-end delay in a networking environment usually start from the source traffic characterizations and iteratively 'push' the traffic characterizations through the network. This not only requires non-trivial analysis, but also has several important limitations. In this paper, we show that non-work-conserving disciplines greatly simplify the analysis in a networking environment, and overcome most of the limitations of previous work by controlling traffic distortion inside the network, thus allowing a single node analysis to be extended to arbitrary topology networks.
A psychoanalyst in methadonia

Abstract This paper argues that the contemporary psychoanalytic model of addiction is compatible with the biochemical deficit model of Dole and Nyswander, the basis of methadone pharmacotherapy. The author explains the self-object function of methadone in the repair of self-deficits, specifically in the area of affect regulation, and he expands the dynamics of self-repair to the relational and programmatic “context of care” of methadone maintenance. Clinically, the problems of resistance and transference are examined as they arise and are resolved within an intersubjective counseling relationship. The treatment process in methadone maintenance is then reconceptualized as the gradual transformation of the central organizing principles of the addicted person as a result of the experience of psychophysiological stability, complemented by acceptance and empathy within a secure context of care. In closing, the need for an individual, self-focused approach to deciding between maintenance and detoxification is suggested.
Accuracy of replication past the T-C (6-4) adduct

Abstract The thymine cytosine pyrimidine-pyrimidone (6-4) adduct has variously been predicted to be among the most and among the least mutagenic of the ultraviolet light photoproducts. We have therefore investigated the frequency and accuracy of DNA replication past this lesion, using a single-stranded M13mp7-based vector with a uniquely located example of this lesion transfected into SOS induced and uninduced cells of a uvr A6 strain of Escherichia coli. Both the UVC T-C (6-4) adduct and its Dewar valence (UVB) photoisomer were studied. Random samples from non-selective collections of progeny phage were sequenced to determine the nature of the replication events that occurred at or near the site of template damage under SOS conditions. The UVC (6-4) adduct was found to be much less mutagenic than its T-T counterpart, but still much more mutagenic than a cyclobutane dimer; 34% (71 out of 206) of all bypass events yielded mutations, of which all were targeted and 80% (57 out of 71) were 3′ C → T transitions. The Dewar valence photoisomer exhibited reduced specificity and enhanced mutagenicity; 79% (183 out of 233) of the phage progeny were mutants, of which all but one were targeted and 45% (83 out of 183) were 3′ C → T transitions. For the most part, these results are consistent with a model postulating base-pairing between the pyrimidinone (of either the C or T variety) and guanine, via hydrogen bonds at N-3 and O-2 in the UVC, but not the Dewar, isomer. The occurrence of the 3′ C → T transitions, not predicted by this model, shows however that the absence of a methyl group at C-5 also has a significant influence on mutation induction. Both isomers were efficient blocks to replication; less than 1% of these vectors could be replicated in uninduced cells. Following SOS induction the frequency of bypass increased to 24·5% and 12·5 for the UVC and the Dewar isomers, respectively.
Three-layered models of Ganymede and Callisto: Compositions, structures, and aspects of evolution

The structural models presently defined for Ganymede and Callisto, which encompass a pure-ice upper layer, a mixed ice/rock lower mantle, and a rock core, incorporate three alternative rock component candidates representing various degrees of silicate hydration and oxidation. The three-layered model facilitates close study of the radius increase required for the internal differentiation of an ice-rock satellite; such expansion is determined to be most significant early in the process, and less so as differentiation approaches completion. The probability of postaccretional melting due to radiogenic heating is calculated.
Defensive burying as a function of insulin-induced hypoglycemia and type of aversive stimulation

Sixty albino rats were tested for defensive-burying behavior after receiving one exposure to an aversive stimulus (electric shock or the discharge of a flashbulb). Within each of these stimulus treatments, separate groups (n = 10) were tested under insulin-, saline-, and no-injection conditions. Two additional control groups (n=10) were tested under no-flash and no-shock conditions. Subjects exposed to the flash accumulated more bedding material around the aversive stimulus than did subjects exposed to the shock. However, shock subjects spent more time engaged in burying behavior than did flash subjects. It was also shown that insulin-injected subjects spent less time burying and accumulated less bedding material around the aversive stimulus than did the other subjects exposed to the aversive stimuli. No burying behavior was observed in the control animals.
On the Nature of Self-Monitoring Relationships with Adjustment and Identity

In this article we attempt to ascertain the nature of the relationship between self-monitoring and each of two constructs of central importance to personality psychology: identity and adjustment. Previous empirical and theoretical work leaves the relationship between internal and external sources of identity and self-monitoring unclear. Snyder (1979) suggests no correlation exists between self-monitoring and neuroticism (a leading index of maladjustment). Yet, by building on previous work by Block (1961), we argue that adjustment should be related to self-monitoring in an inverted-U fashion. In a study of 268 under graduates, personal sources of identity did not discriminate between high and low self-monitors. On the other hand, social sources of identity were significantly associated with self-monitoring scores. Also found, as predicted, was a curvilinear relationship between self-monitoring and adjustment. A three-way interaction between identity sources and self-monitoring was also significantly associ...
Field dependence and memory for social vs neutral and relevant vs irrelevant incidental stimuli.

In 2 experiments, field-dependent Ss showed better incidental memory for social words, while field-independent Ss showed an even division between recall of social and neutral words and a selective preference in recognition for neutral words.
Magnetic phase behavior of the ferrimagnetic doped cobaltite Nd 1 − x Sr x CoO 3

We present a study of the magnetization, coercivity, ac susceptibility, and magnetotransport properties of polycrystalline ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(0lxl0.6)$. The magnetic phase diagram is dominated by a crossover from a semiconducting spin/cluster-glasslike phase at $xl0.18$ to a phase dominated by long-range ferrimagnetic order and metallic behavior at $xg0.18$. Aside from the fact that the Nd sublattice orders antiferromagnetically with respect to the Co sublattice giving rise to ferrimagnetism at low temperatures, the phase behavior is remarkably similar to that of the ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$ system in all respects. We suggest that this similarity, which is our major finding, derives from the fact that both systems exhibit magnetoelectronic phase separation and that the formation of ferromagnetic clusters, which has recently been experimentally verified in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{3}$, dominates the phase behavior.
Structures of the N-Terminal and Middle Domains of E. coli Hsp90 and Conformation Changes upon ADP Binding

Hsp90 is an abundant molecular chaperone involved in many biological systems. We report here the crystal structures of the unliganded and ADP bound fragments containing the N-terminal and middle domains of HtpG, an E. coli Hsp90. These domains are not connected through a flexible linker, as often portrayed in models, but are intimately associated with one another. The individual HtpG domains have similar folding to those of DNA gyrase B but assemble differently, suggesting somewhat different mechanisms for the ATPase superfamily. ADP binds to a subpocket of a large site that is jointly formed by the N-terminal and middle domains and induces conformational changes of the N-terminal domain. We speculate that this large pocket serves as a putative site for binding of client proteins/cochaperones. Modeling shows that ATP is not exposed to the molecular surface, thus implying that ATP activation of hsp90 chaperone activities is accomplished via conformational changes.
Fast neutron scattering from elemental Mo, Sn, Sb and Te

Abstract Neutrons with incident energies of 0.3 to 1.5 MeV were scattered from elemental Mo, Sn, Sb and Te. Fast time-of-flight techniques were employed to measure the differential elastic and the differential inelastic scattering cross sections at ⪅ 25 keV increments throughout the incident neutron energy interval. The inelastic excitation of states, in Mo at 0.20±0.01, 0.50±0.04, 0.79±0.06 and ≈ 1.05 MeV; in Sn at ≈ 1.2 MeV; in Sb at 0.037±0.003, 0.16±0.01, 0.54±0.04 and ≈1.1 MeV; and in Te at 0.65±0.02, 0.75±0.02 and 0.85±0.02 MeV was observed. The experimental results were compared with calculations based upon a surface absorption optical potential and the statistical theory of average compound-nucleus cross sections including width fluctuation corrections. These comparisons were related to the characteristics of the low-energy excited states of the respective nuclei and to the proton shell closure at Z = 50.
Stabilization of Functional Recombinant Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 in Detergent Micelles and Lipid Bilayers

Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is among the most challenging tasks for modern membrane biology. For studies by high resolution analytical methods, these integral membrane receptors have to be expressed in large quantities, solubilized from cell membranes and purified in detergent micelles, which may result in a severe destabilization and a loss of function. Here, we report insights into differential effects of detergents, lipids and cannabinoid ligands on stability of the recombinant cannabinoid receptor CB2, and provide guidelines for preparation and handling of the fully functional receptor suitable for a wide array of downstream applications. While we previously described the expression in Escherichia coli, purification and liposome-reconstitution of multi-milligram quantities of CB2, here we report an efficient stabilization of the recombinant receptor in micelles - crucial for functional and structural characterization. The effects of detergents, lipids and specific ligands on structural stability of CB2 were assessed by studying activation of G proteins by the purified receptor reconstituted into liposomes. Functional structure of the ligand binding pocket of the receptor was confirmed by binding of 2H-labeled ligand measured by solid-state NMR. We demonstrate that a concerted action of an anionic cholesterol derivative, cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHS) and high affinity cannabinoid ligands CP-55,940 or SR-144,528 are required for efficient stabilization of the functional fold of CB2 in dodecyl maltoside (DDM)/CHAPS detergent solutions. Similar to CHS, the negatively charged phospholipids with the serine headgroup (PS) exerted significant stabilizing effects in micelles while uncharged phospholipids were not effective. The purified CB2 reconstituted into lipid bilayers retained functionality for up to several weeks enabling high resolution structural studies of this GPCR at physiologically relevant conditions.
Cervical implantation metastasis by endometrial adenocarcinoma

A distinct type of cervical involvement by endometrial cancer is reported and termed cervical implantation metastasis. It is believed to result from implantation of endometrial cancer on the denuded endocervix after fractional dilatation and curettage (D & C). The histologic criteria for diagnosis are: (1) the cervical implantation metastasis must be imbedded in the endocervical epithelium or superficial stroma surrounded by an implantation site of inflammatory cells and granulation tissue (free-floating cancer cells above the cervical mucosa are not acceptable as implantation tissue), (2) the histologic findings of the cervical implantation metastasis must be similar to those of the endometrial adenocarcinoma in the uterine corpus, (3) the cervical implantation metastasis must be separate from the primary tumor with no evidence of direct extension, and (4) the cervical implantation metastasis should be surrounded by nonneoplastic endocervical glands with no transition between the two. Of the 176 patients who underwent fractianal D & C before hysterectomy. nine (5%) were found to have cervical implantation metastasis. No patients had cervical implantation metastasis who did not undergo fractional D & C before hysterectomy. When stratified according to stage, grade, and myometrial invasion, there was no statistically significant difference in the recurrence rate between patients with or without cervical implantation metastasis. It appears that cervical implantation metastasis does not alter prognosis or require specific treatment.
Keyword search across databases and documents

Given the continuous growth of databases and the abundance of diverse files in modern IT environments, there is a pressing need to integrate keyword search on heterogeneous information sources. A particular case in which such integration is needed occurs when a collection of documents (e.g. word processing documents, spreadsheets, text files and so on) is derived directly from a central database, and both repositories are independently updated. Finding hidden relationships between documents and databases is difficult, given the loose connection between them. This problem is especially complicated when database integration techniques must be extended to handle semi-structured data (i.e. documents). Our research focuses on exploiting a relational database system for integrating and exploring complex interrelationships between a database and a collection of potentially related documents. We focus on the discovery and ranking of keyword links (relationships) at different granularity levels between a database schema and a collection of documents. We adapt, extend, and combine information retrieval techniques into the DBMS. As such, we provide algorithms for efficient exploration of discovered relationships among a collection of documents and a DBMS. We experimentally show that our system can discover, query and rank complex relationships discovered between a database and surrounding documents.
Cigarette smoking knowledge, attitudes, and practices of patients and staff at a perinatal substance abuse treatment center

Abstract This study compares cigarette smoking knowledge, attitudes, and practices (S-KAP) of opioid- and other substance-dependent patients and their multidisciplinary staff at an outpatient perinatal substance abuse treatment center. Consenting patients ( n = 95) and staff ( n = 41) concurrently completed a modified form of the S-KAP survey instrument. Ninety-five percent of patients reported currently smoking, and half endorsed wanting "to quit smoking now." This patient desire to quit smoking was significantly underrated by staff compared to the patients themselves ( p = .028). Both patients and staff demonstrated suboptimal knowledge of smoking health risks, but 73% of patients reported trying to quit with past pregnancies to avoid harm to the fetus/baby. Although results show that patients could benefit from smoking cessation strategies centered on smoking's fetal/neonatal health risks, organizational interventions that focus on changing staff attitudes about patient desire to quit smoking may first need to be implemented.
Backbone and side chain 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR assignments for the organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr) from Burkholderia pseudomallei

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a NIAID Category B microorganism responsible for melioidosis. Here we report backbone and side chain NMR assignments for the 139-residue, homodimeric, organic hydroperoxide resistance protein (Ohr) from this organism.
The prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and depression in men with erectile dysfunction.

ABSTRACT Purpose: We quantified the prevalence of diagnosed hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and depression in male health plan members with erectile dysfunction (ED). Materials and Methods: We used a nationally representative managed care claims database that covered 51 health plans with 28 million lives for 1995 through 2002. Based on 272,325 identified patients with ED population and age specific prevalence rates were calculated for the same period. Results: The crude population prevalence rates were 41.6% for hypertension, 42.4% for hyperlipidemia, 20.2% for diabetes mellitus, 11.1% for depression, 23.9% for hypertension and hyperlipidemia, 12.8% for hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and 11.5% for hyperlipidemia and depression. The crude age specific prevalence rates varied across age groups significantly for hypertension (4.5% to 68.4%), hyperlipidemia (3.9% to 52.3%), and diabetes mellitus (2.8% to 28.7%), and significantly less for depression (5.8% to 15.0%). Region adjusted population prevalence rates were 41.2% for hypertension, 41.8% for hyperlipidemia, 19.7% for diabetes mellitus and 11.9% for depression. Only 87,163 patients with ED (32%) had no comorbid diagnosis of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus or depression. Conclusion: Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and depression were prevalent in patients with ED. This evidence supported the proposition that ED shares common risk factors with these 4 concurrent conditions. Therefore, as a pathophysiological event, ED could be viewed as a potential observable marker for these concurrent diseases. This finding suggests that clinicians could include ED in the assessment profile of these concurrent conditions for earlier detection and treatment.
Stimulated Raman spin coherence and spin-flip induced hole burning in charged GaAs quantum dots

High-resolution spectral hole burning (SHB) in coherent nondegenerate differential transmission spectroscopy discloses spin-trion dynamics in an ensemble of negatively charged quantum dots. In the Voigt geometry, stimulated Raman spin coherence gives rise to Stokes and anti-Stokes sidebands on top of the trion spectral hole. The prominent feature of an extremely narrow spike at zero detuning arises from spin population pulsation dynamics. These SHB features confirm coherent electron spin dynamics in charged dots, and the linewidths reveal spin spectral diffusion processes.
Pattern, process, and prediction in marine invasion ecology

Invasions frequently continue long after dispersal corridors have been well established. Six interrelated processes (changes in donor regions, new donor regions, changes in recipient region, invasion windows, stochastic inoculation events, and dispersal vector changes) are examined to explain this phenomenon. The combination of these processes makes it difficult to forge a list of species from potential donor regions that will never become successful invaders and, by extension, to thus define the characteristics of species that have failed to invade. Predictions relative to which species will invade and when they will invade can be improved by more detailed attention to these six categories of interrelated processes that mediate invasion success.
Synthesis and reactivity of a conveniently prepared two-coordinate bis(amido) nickel(II) complex.

A strictly two-coordinate nickel(II) bis(amido) complex has been prepared and its reactivity towards a variety of small molecules is described. Ni[N(SiMe3)(DIPP)]2 reacts with DMAP and acetonitrile to form T-shaped three-coordinate complexes, and preliminary results show that Ni[N(SiMe3)(DIPP)]2 is a catalyst for the hydrosilation of olefins with secondary silanes at ambient temperature.
Receiving from the Other: Theology and Grass-Roots Organizing

AbstractMany Christian theologians today highlight the absence of community and the common good as values in a secular culture: absence that privileges individualism, autonomy and self-sufficiency. Theological perspectives and grass-roots organizing invoke mutual accountability as a key feature of political life that sustains human flourishing for all. Theological community takes the form of sacrament, worship and creed in the encounter with Christian tradition and narratives. The grass-roots Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) and similar organizations form community through relational meetings and the enhancement of human agency in American society. Both theological and grass-roots communities provide alternatives to the individualism of secular society. Attention to the gifts of theology and grass-roots organizing encourages the growth of a broader cultural imagination, theological attention to conflict and negotiation, and mutual accountability in receptive encounter with the other.
The androgen receptor is transcriptionally suppressed by proteins that bind single-stranded DNA.

Abstract The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear transcription factor that is essential for development of the male urogenital tract. In the current work, we have characterized the mouse androgen receptor suppressor (mARS). A single, 20-base pair, region (TCCCCCCACCCACCCCCCCT) was sufficient for suppression in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays. Northern analysis indicated that translational regulation is not necessary for the suppression. Analysis of the AR mRNA half-life indicated that the mARS does not affect AR RNA degradation. Gel mobility assays showed that the mARS is bound by multiple proteins that can recognize single-stranded DNA and RNA. In addition, differing proteins are expressed in distinct tissues. Purification of some of these proteins has shown that a doublet of 33 and 35 kDa binds to the G-rich strand and that a 52-kDa protein binds to the C-rich strand. Southwestern blots have confirmed that these proteins are indeed recognized by the mARS. The results of these experiments indicate that the AR 5′-untranslated region contains a suppressor element that can be bound by multiple proteins. The mARS appears to be acting either by altering transcription initiation or blocking transcription elongation. Characterization of this suppressor may provide insight into the physiological means by which the AR is regulated.