cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermoacoustic Oscillations of Jet-A Fuel in Parallel Heated Flowpaths

Pressure oscillations in supercritical Jet-A fuel flowing through four parallel, heated tubes connected to common manifolds have been observed in this study. Tests were performed with fuel inlet temperatures ranging from 200°F to 700°F, and fuel pressures ranging from 360–700 psi. Total fuel flow rate ranged from 7–37 lb/hr. Tubes were heated by blowing 850–870°F nitrogen over them. Acoustic-mode oscillations, typically ranging from 300–350 Hz, occurred only when a single tube was heated at a time. Pressure oscillation amplitudes ranged from 0.1–1.0 psi. Tube inlet and outlet pressure waveforms were separated by a phase lag that was a function of the manifold cross-passage diameter.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Reply to Hauser and Sewell

Hauser and Sewell's criticism of our paper is wide-ranging. They find fault with the specification of our models and with the quality and character of our data (i.e., "problems of coverage, nonresponse, comparability, and validity"). It is because of these presumed failings, we suppose, that they apparently find the main points of our inquiry unworthy of their consideration: first, that the Wisconsin recursive model of social-psychological school achievement processes contains many arbitrary assumptions regarding permissible influence flows; and, second, that this arbitrariness makes insecure many of the substantive conclusions from this literature regarding the patterning and magnitude of significant others' influences in such models. The purpose of our paper, it will be recalled, was to get such matters of conventional practice on the table for reflection and discussion, not to produce new, improved estimates of how one variable affects another. Our paper was quite explicit on this, and we even are quoted to this effect in Hauser and Sewell's comment. In our opinion, the limited purposes of our paper make many of their specific criticisms irrelevant, although we will address them nevertheless. We think it especially unfortunate, though, that their preoccupation with technical failings distracted them from these broader concerns, which have merit quite apart from the details of our empirical exercises. Still, we felt initially that our analysis was serviceable for its intended purpose, and nothing in the Hauser-Sewell critique convinces us otherwise. We first address their concerns regarding the Growth Study design and data, then the matter of our model specification.
Effect of Frequency-Dependent Attenuation on Predicted Histotripsy Waveforms in Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms.

Tissue-mimicking phantoms are employed for the assessment of shocked histotripsy pulses in vitro. These broadband shock waves are critical for tissue ablation and are influenced by the frequency-dependent attenuation of the medium. The density, sound speed and attenuation spectra (2-25 MHz) were measured for phantoms that mimic key histotripsy targets. The influence of non-linear propagation relative to the attenuation was described in terms of Gol'dberg number. An expression was derived to estimate the bandwidth of shocked histotripsy pulses for power law-dependent attenuation. The expression is independent of the fundamental frequency of the histotripsy pulse for linear frequency-dependent attenuation.
Infection Status of HCV,HIV and Syphilis among Drug Addicts under Compulsory Rehabilitation in Lianyungang City

[Objective]To understand the behavioral risk factors of HCV,HIV and syphilis infection among drug addicts in Lianyungang City,and provide scientific evidence for developing control measures for this population.[Methods]The registration form for drug addicts survey from China CDC's "AIDS and STD Integrated Monitoring Program Guide"(Trial) was adopted to conduct face-to-face interview on drug addicts from compulsory rehabilitation center of Lianyungang City,the relevant data were input into Epidata 3.0 database for analysis,blood samples from sampling objects were collected and detected HCV,HIV and syphilis antibodies.[Results]HCV infection rate for 168 cases was 16.67%(28/168).HCV positive rate of injecting drug users(32.86%) was higher than that of non-injecting drug users(5.10%).HCV infection rate of Injection drug users sharing the needles or syringes(68.97%) was higher than that of drug users not sharing syringes or needles(7.32%).The peak of HCV incidence appeared in the age group of 20~39 years.No HIV positive ones were detected,4 cases(2.38%)were syphilis positive.[Conclusion] HCV infection rate of drug addicts who conduct compulsory drug treatment in Lianyungang City was higher than that of the general population.Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of drug users,and carry out publicity and education of prevention knowledge simultaneously so as to reduce the spread of HCV in this population and control the epidemic of HCV and other blood-borne infectious diseases.
An Interline DC Power Flow Controller Suitable for VSC-MTDC Systems

This paper focuses on the technology of direct current(DC)power flow control suitable for voltage source converter based multi-terminal high voltage DC(VSC-MTDC)systems.Based on an analysis of existing DC power flow controllers,a novel interline DC power flow controller(IDCPFC)is proposed for VSC-MTDC systems,which has the benefit of simpler circuit topology,fewer components and no external power supply needed.A three-terminal high voltage DC system including the IDCPFC is studied and its operation principle and characteristics are analyzed.Finally,steady state,dynamic state and fault condition simulations are performed with PSCAD/EMTDC to validate the feasibility of the proposed IDCPFC.The results show that the proposed IDCPFC can effectively realize DC power flow control.
The status of drug-resistance on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from Xi'an City,and its correlation with the genotyping of the Beijing family

To understand the status of drug-resistance on Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis)isolated from Xi'an City,Shanxi province,and its correlation with genotyping of Beijing family,the drug susceptibility of the clinical isolates of M.tuberculosis was determined by absolute concentration method and the genotypes were identified by Spoligotyping.Meanwhile the statistical analysis was performed with χ2 test.It was found that among 104 clinical isolates of M.tuberculosis,71 strains(68.3%)were sensitive to 4 first line anti-tuberculosis drugs,i e isoniazid,(INH),rifampicin(RFP),streptomycin(SM)and ethambutol(EMB),while 33 strains(31.7%)were resistant to these 4 drugs,in which 12 strains(11.5%)were single drug-resistant,and 21 strains(20.2%)belonged to the multi-drug resistance(MDR).The percentages of drug resistance to INF,RFP,SM and EMB were 24.04%(15/104),18.69%(19/104),16.34%(17/104)and 2.88%(3/104)respectively.As demonstrated by genotyping with Spoligotyping,87 strains of 104 M.tuberculosis isolates(83.7%)belonged to the Beijing family and the others were the non-Beijing family.Among 87 Beijing family strains,28 strains(32.18%)were drug-resistant,and 59 strains(57.82%)were drug-sensitive,while among 17 non-Beijing family strains,5 strains(29.41%)were drug-resistant,and 12 strains(70.59%)were drug-sensitive.Concerning to the drug-resistance,there was no significant difference to the Beijing family as well as the non-Beijing family(χ2=0.05,P0.05).From the above observation,it is concluded that the status of drug-resistance on M.tuberculosis in Xi'an City is rather grave and no correlation exists between the drug-resistance of M.tuberculosis and the genotyping of Beijing family genotypes.
Southern Analysis of the Lesch-Nyhan Locus in Man

The Lesch-Nyhan (LN) syndrome of mental retardation, hyperuricemia and self-mutilation is an X-linked disease of man resulting from a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) (1). It is known that a number of LN patients exhibit no enzyme activity and no crossreacting antigen (1,2); mutation in these patients may be due to substantial deletions or insertions detectable by Southern analysis. We have undertaken an initial survey of LN patients looking for major gene alterations detectable by Southern analysis; our findings constitute the body of this report.
How Smart Are ‘Smart Banners’?

Smart banners, or keyword–activated banners that are tied to internet user search keywords, are becoming increasingly popular with major search engines and their advertisers. Understanding how smart banners work best is a challenge facing the online advertising industry. This paper examines how specificity in the meaning of search keywords may affect the accuracy of banner matches. Through analysis of banner matches obtained from 12 major search engines, the authors found that as search keywords became more specific, search engines returned fewer exact banner matches and more general banner matches. Implications of these findings for search engines and their advertisers are discussed.
Biochemical Markers for Colorectal Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

The development of the understanding of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, and signal transduction has provided a significant advance in the concepts of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis in the colon and rectum. The tools provided by the molecular geneticist and the immunobiologist may yield powerful new techniques for screening individuals at risk, for identifying those patients with biologically more aggressive tumors, for developing novel therapies targeted directly at tumor cells, and for providing the means for more sensitive and specific detection of recurrence of disease.
Effects of dietary protein and salt on rat renal osmolytes: covariation in urea and GPC contents.

Renal medullary cells contain high levels of (glycine) betaine, glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC), myo-inositol, and sorbitol. Two functions of these have been proposed: 1) that they are compatible os...
Mass Fragmentographic Quantification of Phosphonoacetic Acid in the Blood of Monkeys Infected with Herpesvirus Saimiri

Herpesvirus Saimiri° was isolated from a degenerating squirrel monkey kidney culture in 1968 (1). HVS induces leukemia and/or lymphoma when inoculated into a variety of nonhuman primates (2). The induced lymphoma appears to be analogous to those involved in EBV and Burkitt’s lymphoma in humans, thus it is a good model for evaluating antiviral agents used alone or in combination with chemoimmunotherapy. In 1973 it was reported that phosphoacetic acid (PAA) and its disodium salt has an inhibitory effect on the in vitro and/or in vivo replication of several DNA-containing viruses which are assumed to be oncogenic, including HVS (3, 4). PAA inhibits the synthesis of late viral products by interfering with the activity of virus-associated DNA polymerase (5).
Bounded invariant verification for time-delayed nonlinear networked dynamical systems

Abstract We present a technique for bounded invariant verification of nonlinear networked dynamical systems with delayed interconnections. The underlying problem in precise bounded-time verification lies with computing bounds on the sensitivity of trajectories (or solutions) to changes in initial states and inputs of the system. For large networks, computing this sensitivity with precision guarantees is challenging. We introduce the notion of input-to-state (IS) discrepancy of each module or subsystem in a larger nonlinear networked dynamical system. The IS discrepancy bounds the distance between two solutions or trajectories of a module in terms of their initial states and their inputs. Given the IS discrepancy functions of the modules, we show that it is possible to effectively construct a reduced (low dimensional) time-delayed dynamical system, such that the trajectory of this reduced model precisely bounds the distance between the trajectories of the complete network with changed initial states. Using the above results we develop a sound and relatively complete algorithm for bounded invariant verification of networked dynamical systems consisting of nonlinear modules interacting through possibly delayed signals. Finally, we introduce a local version of IS discrepancy and show that it is possible to compute them using only the Lipschitz constant and the Jacobian of the dynamic function of the modules.
PILOT PERFORMANCE OF DEEP U-TUBES

U-Tube aeration has received considerable attention recently as part of a modification of the activated sludge process called “Deep Shaft” treatment. Presently there is only limited data on aeration characteristics of deep U-Tubes showing the effect of velocity, depth and gas/water injection ratios. This study determined the increase in dissolved oxygen, the oxygen absorption efficiency and the head loss across a 0.1 m diameter U-Tube for the following parameters: Velocity 0.9, 1.4, 1.8 m/s Depth 12, 30, 61, 103 m. Oxygen 4, 7 1/2, 25 percent O2/water ratio Air 5, 15, 25 percent air/water ratio Tap water was passed through the system for all of the above parametric conditions. In addition, 5 mg/1 of an anionic detergent was injected into the tap water to simulate domestic wastewater as recommended by the British. Also, in other tests, 100 mg/1 of Bentonite clay was injected into the tap water to simulate the colloids in domestic wastewater which provide nuclei for effervescence of supersaturated dissolved gases. Air injection at 25% air/water ratio indicated considerable improvement in Δ D. O. Using tap water a change from 30 to 61 m. depth caused the Δ D. O. to increase from 11 mg/1 to 17 mg/1. When pure oxygen was injected, however, at 25% oxygen/water ratio at 30 m. depth, the Δ D. O. was 68 mg/1 and increased to 95 mg/1 at 61 m. Negligible increases were noted in Δ D. O. at 103 m. depth. Over the velocity range investigated (0.9 to 1.8 m/s) there was no significant effect on Δ D.O. The maximum absorption efficiency for pure oxygen at 7.5% O2/water was observed to be 52% in the 103 meter deep U-Tube, demonstrating that the U-Tube requires capture and recycle of the off-gases if it is to be used in an efficient manner as the absorption system for an oxygen activated sludge system. The maximum oxygen transfer economy with air injection was 4 kg O2/kw-hr with 15% air/water injection ratio at 61 m. depth producing an effluent containing 21 mg/1 D.O. (Δ D. O. = 15 mg/1 220% saturation). The estimated total cost, amortization and operation, per ton of oxygen absorbed from air would be $23/ton of oxygen compared with $42/ton of oxygen using surface aerators which can produce only 2 to 4 mg/1 of D.O. in the discharge. The estimated total cost to absorb commercial oxygen at 90% absorption efficiency was $6.50/ton. Deep U-Tubes offer excellent potential as energy and cost efficient oxygen transfer systems. However, the optimal depth appears to be approximately 40 to 60 m. for air injection and 25 to 60 m. for oxygen.
Recognizing and Appropriately Treating Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is considered a subgroup of type 1 diabetes and is often misdiagnosed because of a lack of both awareness and standardized diagnostic criteria (1–3). LADA is characterized by adult-onset diabetes and circulating autoimmune antibodies; thus, patients may present clinically with characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (2–5). Typically, the clinical features of type 1 diabetes seen in LADA include a lower BMI compared to what is typical in type 2 diabetes and autoimmunity against one or more of the following antibodies: islet cell autoantibodies (ICA), autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), tyrosine phosphatase–related islet antigen 2 (IA-2), and insulin autoantibodies (IAA) (4,5). The characteristics of type 2 diabetes that may present in LADA include older age at onset and insulin resistance or deficiency. Characteristics of LADA tend to include an intermediate level of β-cell dysfunction between those in type 1 and type 2 diabetes, faster decline of C-peptide compared to type 2 diabetes, and a level of insulin resistance that is comparable to type 1 diabetes (4). β-Cell decline is variable in LADA, as measured by C-peptide levels (5–7). Although it has a closer pathophysiological relationship to type 1 diabetes, LADA is often misdiagnosed and treated as type 2 diabetes (2–5). This results in insufficient glycemic control and harm to patients. It is imperative to establish distinct practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of LADA and for providers to recognize this clinical scenario as one that requires special testing to establish a proper diagnosis and thus improve patient safety and treatment efficacy. The similarities between type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and LADA can make diagnosis difficult (Table 1). There are, however, other characteristics for this population that may …
Cerebrovascular disease affects brain structural integrity long before clinically overt strokes.

In the current issue of Neurology® , Werden et al.1 examined a group of patients experiencing first-ever or recurrent stroke to understand the relationships between stroke and cortical structural integrity. They performed 3T magnetic resonance scanning within 6 weeks of the most recent stroke and found that stroke patients had smaller hippocampal volumes and greater white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume compared to controls. Because of the short time lag from stroke to scan, the authors do not believe that the index stroke itself caused the shrinkage in the hippocampus; rather, they believe that the stroke and the structural change in the white matter and hippocampus resulted from a common underlying process.
Relativistic Timekeeping, Motion, and Gravity in Distributed Systems

Timekeeping and related functions such as navigation are important in distributed systems with manufactured nodes such as satellites, spacecraft, distributed computing, and communications. With increases in frequencies, velocities, clock rates, and bit rates, as well as the tightening timekeeping and positioning accuracy demanded of applications, relativistic effects increasingly enter as a design consideration. In this paper, representative applications are surveyed to illustrate relativistic effects in timekeeping. The general theory of relativity is avoided by neglecting gravity in the presence of motion and neglecting motion in the presence of gravity. The special theory of relativity combined with the equivalence principle then provide closed-form models that aid system designers in understanding the nature and relevance of relativistic effects. This is applied to modeling relativistic clock rate and time synchronization in the presence of motion or gravity. The kinematics of special relativity is developed using a new simplified approach in which velocity and acceleration are referenced to the frame-invariant proper time rather than the conventional frame-dependent coordinate time. This approach considerably narrows the scope of relativistic effects, and is particularly appropriate for manufactured systems. Further, by decomposing acceleration into components longitudinal and transverse relative to the direction of motion, simple scalar frame-invariant relations between proper and coordinate perspectives follow. The dynamics and conservation laws of special relativity are illustrated by the relativistic rocket equation. Finally, the Lorentz transformation and its implications are derived from first principles, completing a self-contained exposition. Our perspective and approaches are tailored to the needs of engineering practitioners, educators, and students, and our new methodology may be appropriate in an introductory physics education as well. Mathematically the treatment is based on first-order vector differential equations and the chain rule of differentiation.
Using Spinozan Processing Theory to Predict the Perceived Likelihood of Persuasive Message Claims: When Message Recall Matters

ABSTRACTThe relationship between message recall and the perceived likelihood of claims made in the message can be understood by applying Spinozan processing theory. An experiment was conducted by varying evidence type, measuring need to evaluate, and message recall with N = 210 and found evidence consistent with a predicted 3-way interaction. With memory-based processing, the recall-perceived claim likelihood relationship was positive regardless of evidence presence. With online processing that relationship was only substantial when the message included evidence. These results show the importance of studying the impact of recall on persuasion with Spinozan theory.
Accelerating the Climate of Hate: The Austrian School of Economics, Hayek, and ‘The New Hate’

Arthur Goldwag, the author of The New Hate: A History of Fear and Loathing on the Populist Right, examines the connections between Austrian School economics and the American far right. These mostly run through Ludwig von Mises rather than Hayek (whom paleoconservatives regard as a ‘moderate social democrat’), and were crystalized in the Mises Institute in Auburn, Alabama, which was founded in 1982 by Llewellyn Rockwell, Murray N. Rothbard, Henry Hazlitt, and Ron Paul. Rothbard explicitly rejected what he called the ‘Hayek model’ of trickle-down influence-molding and began a project of ‘Outreach to the Rednecks,’ specifically the white supremacist David Duke. Rothbard’s anti-tax, anti-government, pro-white, pro-police, and ‘America First’ agenda anticipated many of the themes and methods of Donald Trump’s 2016 primary and presidential campaigns.
Risky Business: Increasing Student Intellectual Risk-Taking in Management Education

The demands of today’s ever-changing work environment oftentimes requires that employees engage in intellectual risk taking by being resourceful, trying new things, and asking questions even at the risk of making a mistake, or feeling stupid. This research suggests that management educators can better prepare their students for this type of workforce by conducting class in a way that mirrors the modern work environment. Controlling for individual differences known to affect intellectual risk taking (i.e., self-efficacy, and learning goal orientation), this research identifies work methods autonomy, and high expectations as instructor initiatives that influence student intellectual risk-taking. Using a sample of 241 students this research finds that the more autonomy students are given and the higher they perceive the expectations of their instructor to be, the more metacognitive behaviors they will engage in, and ultimately, the more intellectual risks they will take.
Associations of Herbs and Nonvitamin Dietary Supplements Use with Clinical Outcomes Among Adult and Pediatric Patients with Asthma in the United States

Background Herbs and nonvitamin dietary supplements (NVDS) have been commonly used among patients with asthma, yet evidence of their impact on patients' clinical outcomes is limited. Objective This study examined the associations of herbs and NVDS use with asthma episodes and asthma-related emergency department (ED) visits among US adults and pediatric patients with asthma. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the 2012 National Health Interview Survey data included 2,930 US adults and 1923 children with self-reported asthma. We estimated the prevalence and type of herbs and/or NVDS use and identified factors associated with their use. We then used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the associations between these supplemental medications use and asthma outcomes, controlling for patient-related covariates. All results were weighted to represent national estimates. Results Approximately 7.20% of American children and 21.17% of adults with asthma used herbs and/or NVDS in 2012. Herb and/or NVDS users were more likely to be female, non-Hispanic white, living in the West region, having higher family income, and having comorbidities compared with nonusers. Herbs and/or NVDS use was associated with lower likelihood of having asthma-related ED visit (adjusted odds ratio = 0.48; 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.75) among adult patients with asthma, but not for pediatric patients with asthma. No association between herbs and/or NVDS use and having an asthma episode was observed in either adults or children. Conclusions This study found high prevalence of herbs and/or NVDS use among US patients with asthma. Potential benefit of these supplemental medications use on asthma-related ED visits might exist for adult patients with asthma.
Resilience Enhancement of Distribution Grids Against Extreme Weather Events

This paper proposes a resilience-oriented design (ROD) technique to protect distribution grids against high-impact but low-probability extreme weather events. The problem is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed integer problem. The first stage is to make ROD decisions, i.e., hardening existing distribution lines and deploying ROD resources such as back-up distributed generators and automatic switches. The second stage evaluates the system operation cost during a realized extreme weather event and repair cost after the event. A novel modeling strategy is proposed to deal with the decision-dependent uncertainty of distribution line damage status, which is affected by the first-stage hardening decisions. As both stages have binary variables, a modified and computationally efficient progressive hedging algorithm with scenario bundling is introduced. The algorithm performance is evaluated by calculating lower bounds of solutions. The proposed model and algorithms are demonstrated on 34-bus and 123-bus test feeders.
AMI-Enabled Distribution Network Line Outage Identification via Multi-Label SVM

This letter proposes an effective data mining method for identifying distribution network line outages by leveraging data collected through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The line outage identification method is developed based on a Multi-Label Support Vector Machine (ML-SVM) classification scheme that utilizes the status of customers’ smart meters as input data and accordingly identifies the outage/operational status of distribution lines. The $\text{F}_{\beta }$ -score is proposed to validate the performance of the classifier through numerical simulations.
The Practice of Concern: Ritual, Well Being, and Aging in Rural Japan, by John W. Traphagan

John W. Traphagan has made several contributions to the study of aging in Japan, most notably in his work on the social construction of boke, a term that is often glossed as “senility” but which Tr...
The Logic of Causal Investigations

A familiar quest in the realms of educational research is to seek and produce knowledge that is ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Framed as a journey and marked by challenges of ‘burden of proof’, it has become closely associated with a logic that argues the validity and superiority of a research design by applying a randomized controlled trial. But what is actually required if research about education is to be generalized beyond the task and context to hand? Is establishing the theoretical basis and limits of inference non-negotiable? Indeed, do the standards of evidence in educational research always require claims that are testable and verifiable by others, or when might some other consideration, criterion, or quest be more apt? Such issues are widely debated in the literatures on educational research and evaluation, attracting particular scrutiny when a ‘gold standard’ is proposed for what to prefer – and fund – as studies of education. The chapter illustrates why critical observation and logical reasoning matter in interpreting the quality and usability of particular methodologies and findings as much as in designing a research strategy, especially when due consideration of theoretical, methodological and practical constraints is absent or muddled in accounts of research design and meta-analysis. The chapter then, raises the value of pausing: at recognition of configuration rather than defaulting to the pursuit of causation amongst factors, and at the challenges presented by elevating certainty to the status of sine qua non for legitimate, research-based knowledge in education. In short, monolithic research strategies are found wanting; while the promise and prospect of moving beyond impasse between ‘warring parties’ – such as via mixed methods – are also considered.
Frances-A: a tool for architecture level program visualization

Integral to computer science education are computer organization and architecture courses. We present Frances-A, an engaging investigative tool that provides an environment for studying real assembly languages and architectures. Frances-A includes several features that enhance its usefulness in the classroom such as graphical relationships between high-level code and machine code, illustrated step by step machine state transitions, color coding to make instruction behavior clear, and illustration of pointers. Frances-A uses a simple web interface requiring no setup and is easy to use, making it easy to adopt in a course.
Hydrogen purification with CO2-selective facilitated transport membranes

H2 is an important industrial gas, and high purity H2 is required for applications. Recent advances in both H2-selective and CO2-selective membranes for H2 purification are reviewed with an emphasis on the development of CO2-selective facilitated transport membranes for H2 purification. With CO2-selective facilitated transport membranes, examples of high-pressure and low-pressure H2 purification applications are discussed. In high-pressure H2 purification in the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) operation, experimental and modeling results demonstrated the potential of amine-containing facilitated transport membranes to achieve an economically attractive cost of electricity. CO2-selective membranes for low-pressure H2 purification for fuel cells have been developed for both PEMFC and SOFC. The membranes have been scaled-up, and they have shown promising gas transport performances for the respective applications.
ZnSiP2 Thin Film Growth for Si-Based Tandem Photovoltaics

ZnSiP2 is a ternary III - V analog with 0.5% lattice mismatch with Si and a 2.1 eV band gap, in the appropriate range for a top cell on a Si-based tandem device. We have previously shown that ZnSiP2 has many properties suitable for applications to Si-based tandem photovoltaics using bulk single crystals grown in a Zn flux. The favorable results obtained from characterization of bulk material encourage the development of ZnSiP 2as a photovoltaic absorber. To pursue this development, we have constructed a thin film growth reactor. This reactor employs a combination of chemical vapor deposition, using silane and phosphine as precursor gases, and physical vapor deposition, using an effusion cell to evaporate elemental Zn. We will present the results of ZnSiP2 film growth on (100) Si substrates. The composition, structure, and morphology of these films have been characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron diffraction, and electron microscopy, respectively. These promising results represent significant advancement towards implementing ZnSiP2 as a top cell material on Si-based tandem photovoltaics.
Air-Conditioning Comes to the Nation's Capital, 1928–60

The classical architecture of Washington, D.C., has received much historical attention, but little attention has been paid to the mechanical systems that made these buildings habitable in the capital city9s notoriously hot and humid summer climate. In Air-Conditioning Comes to the Nation9s Capital, 1928–60 , Joseph M. Siry describes how comfort air-conditioning first appeared in the U.S. Capitol building, in the chambers of the House of Representatives and the Senate, in 1928–29. From the 1930s on, air-conditioning systems were extended to the whole of the Capitol, the Senate and House office buildings, the Federal Triangle, and beyond. All of these projects involved the integration of equipment for heating, ventilating, and cooling into the spatial and structural forms of these mostly classical buildings. Air-conditioning had major implications for the annual operations of Congress and the efficiency of federal workplaces. This account advances the historiography of mechanical systems in modern architecture.
Daunorubicin-cytarabine liposome (CPX-351) in the management of newly diagnosed secondary AML: A new twist on an old cocktail.

Abstract Initial therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remained stagnant for approximately four decades despite advances in improved understanding of pathogenesis and prognostication of the disease. Treatment has typically consisted of an anthracycline combined with continuous infusion of cytarabine for 7 days, the “7 + 3” regimen. Attempts have been made to improve on this regimen with modest improvements in response rates but no change in overalll survival, until the recent introduction of mutation-specific agents. However, the re-vamping of the delivery of both daunorubicin and cytarabine in a liposomal encapsulation, known as CPX-351, did show improvements of overall survival compared to traditional 7 + 3 in newly diagnosed secondary and therapy-related AML in patients aged 60–75. This led to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the agent for both of these subtypes of AML in August of 2017. Herein we will review the rationale and preclinical development of CPX-351 and discuss the pivotal studies that led to its FDA approval.
Effect of a Professional Coaching Intervention on the Well-being and Distress of Physicians: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance Burnout symptoms among physicians are common and have potentially serious ramifications for physicians and their patients. Randomized studies testing interventions to address burnout have been uncommon. Objective To explore the effect of individualized coaching on the well-being of physicians. Design, Setting, and Participants A pilot randomized clinical trial involving 88 practicing physicians in the departments of medicine, family medicine, and pediatrics who volunteered for coaching was conducted between October 9, 2017, and March 27, 2018, at Mayo Clinic sites in Arizona, Florida, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. Statistical analysis was conducted from August 24, 2018, to March 25, 2019. Interventions A total of 6 coaching sessions facilitated by a professional coach. Main Outcomes and Measures Burnout, quality of life, resilience, job satisfaction, engagement, and meaning at work using established metrics. Analysis was performed on an intent-to-treat basis. Results Among the 88 physicians in the study (48 women and 40 men), after 6 months of professional coaching, emotional exhaustion decreased by a mean (SD) of 5.2 (8.7) points in the intervention group compared with an increase of 1.5 (7.7) points in the control group by the end of the study (P Conclusions and Relevance Professional coaching may be an effective way to reduce emotional exhaustion and overall burnout as well as improve quality of life and resilience for some physicians. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03207581
Lenalidomide maintenance after second autologous stem cell transplant improves overall survival in multiple myeloma

Maintenance therapy after first autologous transplant (autoSCT) improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in multiple myeloma (MM). However, efficacy of maintenance therapy...
Open Source Software Development and the Small World Phenomenon: An Empirical Investigations of Macro Level Colaboration Network Properties on Project Success

In this study, I investigate whether small world properties of developer collaboration networks influence developer productivity. Small world networks are characterized by two macro level network properties: dense clustering and short average path length. Structure of relationships among developers affects how information and knowledge is shared among them. I argue that networks characterized by both high clustering and short average path length would positively influence the productivity of the developers by providing them with speedy and reliable access to more and more varied information. Using hierarchical linear modeling, I analyze extensive data collected from 2013 open source projects and 8512 developers belonging to 15 different networks hosted at Sourceforge.net. I find evidence that ‘small world’ properties of these networks positively affect their members’ productivity. The findings are robust to a number of controls and model specifications.
The natural history and diagnosis of coarctation requiring surgical intervention

Purpose: Coarctation of the aorta is a common congenital heart condition, affecting 4 per 10,000 live births. Despite continuing advances in early diagnosis of congenital heart disease, including prenatal ultrasound and postnatal universal pulse oximetry screening, the timely diagnosis of coarctation remains challenging. Even when suspected, a definitive diagnosis of coarctation may be difficult to confirm in the immediate newborn period. Our aim was to describe the current natural history of coarctation requiring surgical intervention. Methods: Children from 0 to …
Modeling Environmental Governance in the Lake Tahoe Basin: A Multiplex Network Approach

Guided by the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), this study analyzes the discourse of actors involved in environmental governance in the Lake Tahoe Basin during a period of major policy change. It relies on discourse network analysis to extract relational data from articles published in three newspapers about the design, adoption, and implementation of the policy over a decade. The resulting multiplex network models the Lake Tahoe environmental governance subsystem via different types of relationships among actors theorized to be important by the ACF, including shared beliefs, interactions, and policy positions. Findings suggest that two distinct coalitions exist—one prioritizing environmental protection and one prioritizing economic development—that primarily engage in intra-coalition coordination but occasionally “tip the hat” to one another’s beliefs.
Relationship between Acculturative Stress and Pain Catastrophizing in Korean Americans.

Acculturative stress is speculated to be a sociocultural factor contributing to pain since cultural beliefs and practices can influence the way patients perceive and respond to pain. However, the relationship between acculturative stress and pain catastrophizing remains poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the relationship between acculturative stress and pain catastrophizing in Korean Americans. We collected survey data from Korean American in Texas (N = 374). Acculturative stress was measured with the Acculturative Stress Scale, and pain catastrophizing was measured with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Participants’ mean age was 46.89 years, and 63% were women. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses indicated that higher acculturative stress may contribute to higher pain catastrophizing (regression coefficient = 1.02, P = 0.04). These findings advance our understanding of sociocultural factors associated with pain in Korean Americans; additional research with a larger sample is warranted for cross-validation.
Interactive effects of incentive value and valence on the performance of discrete action sequences

Incentives can be used to increase motivation, leading to better learning and performance on skilled motor tasks. Prior work has shown that monetary punishments enhance on-line performance while equivalent monetary rewards enhance off-line skill retention. However, a large body of literature on loss aversion has shown that losses are treated as larger than equivalent gains. The divergence between the effects of punishments and reward on motor learning could be due to perceived differences in incentive value rather than valence per se. We test this hypothesis by manipulating incentive value and valence while participants trained to perform motor sequences. Consistent with our hypothesis, we found that large reward enhanced on-line performance but impaired the ability to retain the level of performance achieved during training. However, we also found that on-line performance was better with reward than punishment and that the effect of increasing incentive value was more linear with reward (small, medium, large) while the effect of value was more binary with punishment (large vs not large). These results suggest that there are differential effects of punishment and reward on motor learning and that these effects of valence are unlikely to be driven by differences in the subjective magnitude of gains and losses.
Sex differences in associations between delay discounting and expectancies for alcohol analgesia.

Self-medication of pain with alcohol is prevalent, and expectancies for alcohol analgesia (EAA) likely influence pain relief and alcohol consumption. Hazardous alcohol use has been associated with greater delay discounting rates; however, little is known about the relationship between delay discounting and EAA. Therefore, the present study examined sex differences in associations between delay discounting and EAA. Healthy drinkers without chronic pain (N = 53) completed measures of EAA, alcohol use, and alcohol outcome expectancies. A five-trial adjusting-delay discounting task (DDT) for monetary outcomes was also administered. Regression analyses revealed that sex moderated the relationship between delay discounting and EAA. Steeper delay discounting rates were associated with weaker EAA among men when adjusting for average alcohol consumption. Among women, nonsignificant associations between delay discounting rates and EAA were observed. These findings provide initial evidence of sex differences in associations between delay discounting and EAA. The directionality of these associations was unexpected and may have implications for patterns of self-medication with alcohol. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
From category O∞ to locally analytic representations

Abstract Let G be a p-adic reductive group and g its Lie algebra. We construct a functor from the extension closure of the Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand category O associated to g into the category of locally analytic representations of G, thereby expanding on an earlier construction of Orlik-Strauch. A key role in this new construction is played by p-adic logarithms on tori. This functor is shown to be exact with image in the subcategory of admissible representations in the sense of Schneider and Teitelbaum. En route, we establish some basic results in the theory of modules over distribution algebras and related subalgebras, such as a tensor-hom adjunction formula. We also relate our constructions to certain representations constructed by Breuil and Schraen in the context of the p-adic Langlands program.
An Approach to Measuring Theory Quality

The quality of theories produced with the help of machine learning algorithms is usually measured in terms of accuracy and coverage. This paper reopens the issue of understandability of induced theories, which, while prominent in the early days of ML, seems to have fallen from favor in the sequel. This issue is especially relevant in the broader context of using ML as an aide in design and maintenance of knowledge bases for knowledge based systems. The guiding question is: beyond accuracy, what constitutes a good theory? An attempt at surveying relevant work in the fields of linguistics and cognitive psychology is made. The sympathetic reader will find this somewhat motivates the author's personal intuitions about the quality of a theory, hinging on understandability. These intuitions, in turn, point toward some simple criteria that may help in measuring quality. By way of consolation for those who do not share the author's intuitions, the criteria proposed here are objective in the sense that the measurements they provide may be evaluated from a number of contrary perspectives. Some empirical results are given in the context of theory restructuring: redundancy elimination and introduction of new intermediate concepts.
The DIII-D Neutral Beam Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition workstation upgrade

The DIII-D Neutral Beam Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (NB SCADA) system is responsible for data and status communication between remote system devices. Some years ago, it was operated and controlled on a 486 PC with Microsoft Windows 3.1. A 16-bit software package called FIXDMACS was used to interface and communicate with Siemens programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Due to the ever-changing operation requirements, this system became antiquated and failed to adequately support new process conditions and meet the NB operational demands. It was, therefore, inevitable that a system upgrade would be needed to satisfy efficiency and performance. This project required a comprehensive survey of available hardware and software currently offered by the leading industries. The best solution was a complete replacement of the entire workstation. A new Dell Pentium III PC, equipped with Windows NT, was acquired to replace the old SCADA system. FIXDMACS was replaced by scalable iFIX, which was also developed by Intellution. In addition, data migration and conversion was performed to enable forward compatibility of all existing software and system configurations. Besides delivering an excellent solution to monitoring the neutral beam system operations, iFIX is able to accept Microsoft Visual Basic scripts and programs to automate routine or repetitive tasks, allowing system administrators to execute these tasks and controls quickly. This added feature provides flexibility and simplicity for maintaining and troubleshooting purposes. Although additional improvements are always possible as with all other software products, iFIX has proven to be a valuable tool in supporting the operations. Packaged with essential enhancements, new capabilities and powerful tools, Intellution has developed an application that certainly surpasses its predecessor. Today, the upgraded DIII-D Neutral Beam SCADA system is fully operational. Both hardware and software upgrades were a cost effective and necessary approach toward achieving the goals of maximizing system performance, improving efficiency and reliability, and providing better control of the neutral beam operational processes.
Long-term effects of cigarette smoking and moderate alcohol consumption on coronary artery diameter: Mechanisms of coronary artery disease independent of atherosclerosis or thrombosis?

Epidemiologic studies have shown that cigarette smoking (increased risk) and moderate alcohol consumption (decreased risk) have opposite effects in coronary artery disease. To investigate whether they act via the common mechanism of affecting the coronary diameter, 31 white men with arteriographically normal coronary arteries were evaluated. Histories of cigarette smoking (never smoked, exsmoker, or current smoker) and alcohol consumption (nonuser or low user versus moderate users with an average of one drink per day) were analyzed for an association with coronary diameters. Nonsmokers had larger left main and left anterior descending diameters than either exsmokers or current smokers (p = 0.0001 and 0.004). Moderate alcohol users had large left main and left anterior descending diameters than nondrinkers (p = 0.009 and 0.01). Neither association was removed after adjustment for the other risk factor. These data suggest that smoking and moderate alcohol use have significant, independent, and opposite effects on long-term coronary diameter. These effects may be important mechanisms through which these behaviors alter the risk of coronary artery disease.