cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and ultrastructural changes in developing sympathetic ganglia induced by guanethidine

Abstract Injections of guanethidine into newborn mice and rats result in progressive and irreversible lesion of sympathetic ganglia and in a complete sympathectomy similar to that obtained with a specific antiserum to the nerve growth factor (NGF) (immunosympathectomy) and with 6-hydroxydopamine (chemical sympathectomy). Studies at the optical microscope performed in the first days after administration of guanethidine show the progressive disappearance of immature neurons and a marked increase of glial and satellite cells. Two months after discontinuation of the treatment the sympathetic ganglia are reduced to sclerotic nodules barely detectable at the dissection microscope. The nerve cell population of para- and prevertebral chain ganglia is reduced to 3–5% of that of controls. Studies at the electron microscope performed toward the end of the first week of treatment on the superior cervical ganglion show, in some neurons, mitochondrial lesions and in others dilation and disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum. The destructive effects caused by guanethidine are discussed and compared with those caused by 6-hydroxydopamine and bretylium tosylate.
Optimal stopping strategies for information purchase in multiple-stage inference tasks

Abstract W. Edwards ( Journal of Mathematical Psychology , 1965 , 2 , 312–329) advanced a solution to the single-stage optional-stopping problem; by using dynamic programming techniques, A. Rapoport and G. J. Burkheimer ( Journal of Mathematical Psychology , 1971 , 8 , 508–538) were able to deal with a broader class of problems. This paper extends Edwards' solution of the optional stopping problem to situations for which input data are uncertain by treating these problems as multiple-stage inference tasks and applying modified Bayes' theorem (MBT). Examined are tasks for which an intermediate stage is fixed and tasks for which an intermediate stage is variable. Also presented is a technique for solving single-stage and multiple-stage problems based on state-dependent cost functions.
IP Prefix Matching with Binary and Ternary CAMs

Ternary Content Addressable Memories (CAMs) are widely used in high-speed routers. They allow a longest-prefix matching operation to complete within a single clock cycle. However, TCAMs are costly and their power consumption is very high. In this paper, we identify two kinds of redundancy in the usage of TCAMs in IP route lookup, and propose a hybrid scheme which combines Binary CAMs and Ternary CAMs to reduce the total area and power consumption. We also introduce shared memory blocks for further simplification of the lookup circuit. The simUlation result shows that our approach can save more than 50% of transistors in CAMs, compared with the traditional way, and that it reduces the critical path in IP route lookup significantly.
Bounded ignorance: a technique for increasing concurrency in a replicated system

Databases are replicated to improve performance and availability. The notion of correctness that has commonly been adopted for concurrent access by transactions to shared, possibly replicated, data is serializability. However, serializability may be impractical in high-performance applications since it imposes too stringent a restriction on concurrency. When serializability is relaxed, the integrity constraints describing the data may be violated. By allowing bounded violations of the integrity constraints, however, we are able to increase the concurrency of transactions that execute in a replicated environment. In this article, we introduce the notion of an N-ignorant transaction, which is a transaction that may be ignorant of the results of at most N prior transactions, which is a transaction that may be ignorant of the results of at most N prior transactions. A system in which all transactions are N-ignorant can have an N + 1-fold increase in concurrency over serializable systems, at the expense of bounded violations of its integrity constraints. We present algorithms for implementing replicated databases in N-ignorant systems. We then provide constructive methods for calculating the reachable states in such systems, given the value of N, so that one may assess the maximum liability that is incurred in allowing constraint violation. Finally, we generalize the notion of N-ignorance to a matrix of ignorance for the purpose of higher concurrency.
Animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus: II. Neurochemical, pathologic, and pharmacologic characterization.

The sudden, brief, shock-like, involuntary movements caused by active muscular contractions or inhibitions characterize myoclonus. It is manifested in a wide variety of pathologic conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerves, and is thought to be related to neuronal hyper-excitability. The pathology, physiology, and pharmacology of myoclonus are not well understood as a result of the rarity of the disorder in people and the lack of a suitable animal model. Posthypoxic myoclonus is a major myoclonus syndrome which occurs as a result of severe cerebral ischemia/hypoxia. There has been tremendous interest in the development of a suitable animal model that reflects the etiology and clinical pathology of posthypoxic myoclonus. Recently, we have developed a new animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus in which rats were subjected to a mechanically induced cardiac arrest procedure. Herein, we describe the neurochemical, pharmacologic, and pathologic characteristics of this animal model of posthypoxic myoclonus.
A 41-Year-Old Woman With Shortness of Breath and History of Rash and Recurrent Laryngeal Edema

A 41-year-old Hispanic woman with a 20 pack-year smoking history presented with worsening shortness of breath on exertion that gradually started 2 years ago, then significantly deteriorated over the last 4 months. She was diagnosed with COPD 2 months prior to her presentation and started on treatment with fluticasone propionate and albuterol. Her medical history was relevant for undifferentiated connective tissue disorder diagnosed 5 years prior due to a positive antinuclear antibody test, arthralgia, recurrent urticarial skin rash, peripheral neuropathy, abdominal pain, and diffuse body swelling. She was started on treatment with prednisone and azathioprine at the time and had substantial improvement in the occurrence of her urticaria. She also had a history of recurrent laryngeal edema of unclear etiology. She had no history of IV drug abuse, no exposure to animals, was not sexually active, and had no recent travel outside of Florida. There was no significant family history of lung diseases.
Observation of second harmonic generation induced by pure spin currents in semiconductors

We demonstrate second harmonic generation induced by pure spin currents in semiconductors, and show that this effect can be used for the direct, noninvasive, and nondestructive detection of pure spin currents.
Gestational diabetes mellitus: The prevalence of glucose intolerance and diabetes mellitus in the first two months post partum

To determine the prevalence of abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in the early postpartum period in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, we performed 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests between 5 and 8 weeks post partum in 246 women with recent gestational diabetes mellitus. Patients were stratified into three study groups based on their fasting serum glucose level during pregnancy: (1) group A 1 : all fasting serum glucose levels during pregnancy 2 : any fasting serum glucose levels >105 and 1 : any pregnancy with fasting serum glucose levels >140 mg/dl. Overall, 48 (19%) of the patients had an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test in the early postpartum period; 25 (10%) had impaired glucose tolerance and 23 (9%) had diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of postpartum diabetes mellitus (2% in group A 1 , 9% in group A 2 and 44% in group B 1 ) increased in parallel with the degree of maternal metabolic decompensation during pregnancy ( p 1 versus A 2 ; p 2 versus B 1 ). The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance was likewise greater in the B, group (26%) than in either the A 1 or the A 2 group ( p
History and sociology in Britain: a review article

Historical sociology flourishes in both Britain and the United States. In Britain, however, nearly all the practitioners call themselves historians. No historical research tradition has been established within sociology. There are no established exemplars like Barrington Moore, Reinhardt Bendix, Immanuel Wallerstein, or Charles Tilly. Norbert Elias stands almost alone among senior figures, and he was very much of an outsider for most of his active careeremployed away from the major Ph.D. programs, his masterwork untranslated for more than forty years.l Some comparative, development-oriented sociologists have written historical works of substance, but these remain largely compartmentalized away from the rest of the discipline.2 A few younger figures are taking up the trade, but the professional establishment shows few marks. The British Sociological Association is far from resembling the American Sociological Association with its new Section on Comparative Historical Sociology ranking as one of the largest.3
The synthesis of 14C‐labeled suicide inactivators of monoamine oxidase

N-[3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)propyl]-N-methyl-2-propynylamine-1-14C (14C-clorgyline, 1a) and L-N, α-dimethyl-N-2-propynyl-1-14C-phenethylamine (14C-L deprenyl, 1b) were synthesized by the Mannich reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 14C-formaldehyde, and secondary amines 3-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-N-methylpropylamine (2a) or L-N, α-dimethylphenethylamine (2b) followed by KOH catalyzed elimination of acetone from the respective Mannich base 3a or 3b.
A nonparametric Bayes method for isotonic regression

Abstract We consider an isotonic regression problem: r ( x ), the modal value of Y when the covariate is equal to x , is known to be a monotonic function of x . The goal of the analysis is to make inference about the regression function r between fixed points x = a and x = b . If r ( a ) and r ( b ) were known then r could be rescaled by an affine transformation to be a c.d.f., in which case r could be modeled using Bayesian nonparametric methods such as Dirichlet processes. In general, r ( a ) and r ( b ) are not known. We propose a model with a prior distribution for ( r ( a ), r ( b )) and, conditionally on ( r ( a ), r ( b )), a Dirichlet process for r . The error density is assumed to have mode 0 but is otherwise uncertain. It is modeled nonparametrically. Posterior distributions are estimated by successive substitution sampling.
Clinical Criteria for the Risk of Pediatric CAA in Historical Perspective

The objective of this paper is to examine the clinical criteria for the risk of pediatric coronary artery aneurysms from a historical perspective. In the late 1970s IPN was re-categorized as the fatal outcome of KD. Pathologists welcomed the connection between the observable rash/fever sign complex described by Kawasaki and coronary artery abnormalities (CAA). This had both research and clinical implications. Investigations shifted from exploring the mechanisms of the vasculitis to a search for an infectious agent predicted to be responsible for the sign complex. By the early 1980s, the CDC case definition, based on Kawasaki's clinical signs, was adopted as the diagnostic criteria for authorizing diagnoses and treatment to prevent coronary artery abnormalities (CAA). However, the KD case definition was designed as an epidemiological tool to authenticate the existence of the syndrome for research purposes rather than as a diagnostic tool for the detection of CAA. Based on clinical experience described in the literature and confirmed by our experience at San Diego Children's Hospital, we have found increasing numbers of children with CAA who failed to meet the KD clinical criteria. Treatment of these atypical cases is often delayed and they develop CAA. The goal of a clinical case definition should be to alert physicians to institute immediate treatment. Instead, the current case definition often serves to construct a barrier to effective intervention. This paper (re)examines the historical evidence that persuaded clinicians that IPN and KD are the same disorder. We suggest that while the merging of these two syndromes initially served a useful diagnostic purpose, continued reliance on the KD sign complex has resulted in delay of treatment of CAA in atypical cases that earlier would have been included in the designation of IPN.
EMG Biofeedback with upper extremity musculature for relaxation training: a critical review of the literature

A critical review is presented of studies utilizing EMG biofeedback for relaxation of upper extremity musculature. Examined are experimental investigations with normal subjects and those with psychological problems, and clinical applications of the methodology for treatment of involuntary movements and anxiety. Articles are reviewed in terms of procedures, controls and results. It is determined that few valid conclusions can be drawn regarding the efficacy of upper extremity EMG biofeedback for relaxation and that further research is required prior to utilizing the technique clinically. Suggestions are offered for areas of investigation.
The effects of pragmatic consciousness-raising activity on the development of pragmatic awareness and use of hearsay evidential markers for learners of Japanese as a foreign language

Abstract This study investigates the effects of pragmatic consciousness-raising (PCR) activities in the acquisition of pragmatic competence, focusing on hearsay evidential markers such as rashii ‘I heard that’ in Japanese. PCR is an inductive approach to facilitating awareness of how language forms are used appropriately in a given context. Schmidt (1995) has proposed in his noticing hypothesis that L2 learners must first demonstrate a conscious awareness of some particular form in the input before any subsequent processing or intake of that noticed form can take place. This study explores the question of whether awareness is necessary for L2 pragmatic learning. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test/delayed post-test format was adopted. Forty-one learners of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) were divided into two groups: the PCR treatment group and the control group. The tests consisted of metapragmatic knowledge tests and an oral discourse production test. In total, four treatment sessions were given to the PCR group just before the post-tests. This study showed that the PCR group performs better than the control group on both the immediate post-tests and the delayed post-tests. Through the PCR activities, JFL learners may become aware of critical differences between L1 and L2, and enhance their L2 pragmatic competence successfully.
Predator Vigilance Costs of Allogrooming in Wild Blue Monkeys

Although allogrooming in Catarrhine primates is often interpreted as if it were a costly behavior for the groomer, such costs have not been convincingly documented. This paper presents data on rates of vigilance for aerial predators, measured as looking up toward the sky, in wild blue monkeys engaged in allogrooming, and compares these vigilance rates to those occurring when the same individuals engaged in other activities, namely feeding and resting. Grooming individuals have much lower vigilance rates than resting or feeding individuals, suggesting that grooming individuals are more likely to be at risk of being preyed upon. These results are not caused by a systematic relationship in the sample between activity and either foliage density or time of day, two factors potentially related to levels of safety from predation. Nor was there evidence that blue monkeys avoid the vigilance costs of grooming by engaging in this behavior primarily at safe times or in safe locations. Although the data suggest that vigilance costs occur, they may accrue to the recipient ofgrooming as well as the groomer, and may be compensated for both partners by long- or short-term benefits.
Effects of position and number of relevant documents retrieved on users' evaluations of system performance

Information retrieval research has demonstrated that system performance does not always correlate positively with user performance, and that users often assign positive evaluation scores to search systems even when they are unable to complete tasks successfully. This research investigated the relationship between objective measures of system performance and users' perceptions of that performance. In this study, subjects evaluated the performance of four search systems whose search results were manipulated systematically to produce different orderings and numbers of relevant documents. Three laboratory studies were conducted with a total of eighty-one subjects. The first two studies investigated the effect of the order of five relevant and five nonrelevant documents in a search results list containing ten results on subjects' evaluations. The third study investigated the effect of varying the number of relevant documents in a search results list containing ten results on subjects' evaluations. Results demonstrate linear relationships between subjects' evaluations and the position of relevant documents in a search results list and the total number of relevant documents retrieved. Of the two, number of relevant documents retrieved was a stronger predictor of subjects' evaluation ratings and resulted in subjects using a greater range of evaluation scores.
Erectile Dysfunction Following Transurethral Resection of the Prostate

AbstractPurpose: We objectively measured the incidence of erectile dysfunction following transurethral resection of the prostate.Materials and Methods: A total of 56 men completed a questionnaire detailing perceived sexual dysfunction, and underwent nocturnal penile tumescence testing for 3 nights before transurethral resection of the prostate and again at 3 months postoperatively.Results: Complete data were available for 40 men. No significant difference was found in penile tumescence, number of erectile events and duration of events before and after surgery. Preoperative and postoperative rigidity was statistically different, with a slight improvement after transurethral resection of the prostate (p less than 0.05). A subjective decrease in quality of erection after transurethral resection of the prostate was reported in 27.5 percent of the patients. However, on further questioning, 63.6 percent of these patients equated retrograde ejaculation with decreased potency.Conclusions: We demonstrated no decre...
A Comparision of Genetic Mitochondrial Disease and Nucleoside Analogue Toxicity: Does Fetal Nucleoside Toxicity Underlie Reports of Mitochondrial Disease in Infants Born to Women Treated for HIV Infection?

Recent reports of mitochondrial disease in infants whose mothers were treated in pregnancy with nucleoside analogues are of concern. Chronic nucleoside analogue treatment of adults has long been known to cause mitochondrial DNA depletion with the risk of multisystem disease. Combination nucleoside analogue treatment regimens may have the greatest risk of toxicity. This paper briefly presents the underlying biochemical etiologies and phenotypes of some common genetic mitochondrial diseases in order to provide a comparison with reports of infant toxicity. A standardized method for the diagnosis and evaluation of mitochondrial disease is discussed. A hypothesis, with predictions of the effects of antenatal nucleoside analogue treatment on the fetus, is presented and future directions for research on this problem are suggested.
THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SERUM COMPLEMENT ACTIVITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLERGIC LESIONS IN RABBITS

Total serum hemolytic complement activity is consistently reduced in animals undergoing accelerated "serum sickness". The time of maximum reduction in complement titer invariably coincides with the time of complete antigen disappearance. This temporal relationship supports the belief that the reduction in complement titer is brought about by in vivo antigen-antibody combination. The intravenous administration of a single daily large dose of BGG-precipitated complexes produces a marked but temporary reduction in total complement hemolytic activity. On the other hand, multiple injections of soluble BGG immune complexes prepared in antigen excess failed to even temporarily alter complement titers. Animals undergoing the development of accelerated "serum sickness" treated by either type immune complex showed a significantly reduced incidence of arterial lesions. Apparently, this inhibiting effect on the development of arterial lesions was independent of variations in total complement hemolytic activity.
Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Is the Sky the Limit?

14. Margolese RG, Cecchini RS, Julian TB, et al. Primary results, NRG Oncology/NSABP B-35: a clinical trial of anastrozole (A) versus tamoxifen (tam) in postmenopausal patients with DCIS undergoing lumpectomy plus radiotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2015;33(suppl):abstr LBA500. 15. Cuzick J, Sestak I, Cawthorn S, et al; IBIS-I Investigators. Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer: extended long-term follow-up of the IBIS-I breast cancer prevention trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015;16(1):67-75.
Investigation into biomedical literature classification using support vector machines

Specific topic search in the PubMed Database, one of the most important information resources for scientific community, presents a big challenge to the users. The researcher typically formulates boolean queries followed by scanning the retrieved records for relevance, which is very time consuming and error prone. We applied Support Vector Machines (SVM) for automatic retrieval of PubMed articles related to Human genome epidemiological research at CDC (Center for disease Control and Prevention). In this paper, we discuss various investigations into biomedical literature classification and analyze the effect of various issues related to the choice of keywords, training sets, kernel functions and parameters for the SVM technique. We report on the various factors above to show that SVM is a viable technique for automatic classification of biomedical literature into topics of interest such as epidemiology, cancer, birth defects etc. In all our experiments, we achieved high values of PPV, sensitivity and specificity.
Velocity distributions of the negatively charged monatomic secondary ions of copper, silver and gold

Abstract Corrected intensity versus inverse velocity plots constructed for the secondary ions of Cu−, Ag− and Au− resulting from either or both Ar+ and Cs+ primary ion bombardment indicate that two processes are active during their formation/survival. This is suggested since two functions are required to reproduce the experimental data. One process (the one predominating at higher emission energies) exhibits an exponential relation between the secondary ion yield and emission velocity while the other (the one observed at lower emission energies) exhibits a much weaker velocity dependence, or in the case of Ag− a negative velocity dependence. These trends are suggestive of competing resonance charge transfer and surface excitation mechanisms.
Composition characterization of combinatorial materials by scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy using microfocused synchrotron X-ray beam

Abstract We describe a high-throughput scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) microscopy setup using a microfocused synchrotron X-ray beam, which is optimized for in-parallel X-ray characterization of composition and crystalline structure of combinatorial samples. We present X-ray fluorescence elemental maps of a full ternary Co x Mn y Ge 1− x − y composition-spread thin film and discuss the quantitative analysis method used for obtaining the ternary composition.
Oxidative Shielding or Oxidative Stress

In this review I report evidence that the mainstream field of oxidative damage biology has been running fast in the wrong direction for more than 50 years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic oxidative changes in membrane lipids and proteins found in many chronic diseases are not the result of accidental damage. Instead, these changes are the result of a highly evolved, stereotyped, and protein-catalyzed "oxidative shielding" response that all eukaryotes adopt when placed in a chemically or microbially hostile environment. The machinery of oxidative shielding evolved from pathways of innate immunity designed to protect the cell from attack and limit the spread of infection. Both oxidative and reductive stress trigger oxidative shielding. In the cases in which it has been studied explicitly, functional and metabolic defects occur in the cell before the increase in ROS and oxidative changes. ROS are the response to disease, not the cause. Therefore, it is not the oxidative changes that should be targeted for therapy, but rather the metabolic conditions that create them. This fresh perspective is relevant to diseases that range from autism, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, cancer, heart disease, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer disease. Research efforts need to be redirected. Oxidative shielding is protective and is a misguided target for therapy. Identification of the causal chemistry and environmental factors that trigger innate immunity and metabolic memory that initiate and sustain oxidative shielding is paramount for human health.
Non-parametric estimation of mean customer lifetime value

This paper is about how to use data from a random sample of customer relationships to calculate an appropriate average customer lifetime value (CLV). When the sample contains only completed relationships, the simple unweighted average is appropriate. When the sample contains a mix of active and completed relationships, the lifetimes of the active relationships are said to be right censored because the observed lifetime to date is but a lower bound on the eventual lifetime. Because of this censoring, a simple average of the sample CLVs to date will be a biased estimate of the mean CLV. This paper presents and explores several non-parametric estimation methods for correcting for this bias.
Maternal and fetal oxidative stress and intrapartum term fever

Objective The association between maternal chorioamnionitis and fetal oxidative stress has not been well established. Study Design A nested case control study was performed within a prospective cohort of term nulliparous women: 20 cases (intrapartum fever of >100.4°F) and 20 afebrile controls. Oxidative stress was assessed using ThioGlo-1 (TG-1; Calbiochem, San Diego, CA) fluorescent sulfhydryl detection. Median levels (± interquartile range) of protein-thiol sulfhydryls were compared. Results In early labor, maternal oxidative stress (lower protein sulfhydryls) was significantly higher in those women who subsequently had intrapartum fever develop (79.87 ± 22.88 vs 127.73 ± 43.79 counts/second per μg protein; P P = .99) Conclusion Our data suggest that the term human fetus is protected from maternal oxidative stress associated with intrapartum fever. However, maternal oxidative status in early labor is associated with subsequent intrapartum fever. Optimal fetal neuroprotection will require a more precise knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms.
Is Garlic Alternative Medicine

Garlic has been used medicinally since antiquity. In virtually every early civilization known, such as ancient India, Egypt, Rome, China, and Japan, garlic was part of the therapeutic regimen for a variety of maladies. Therefore, the ancient medicinal tradition of garlic use would qualify it as a folk medicine or as an alternative or complementary medicine. But is garlic an alternative to established methods of disease prevention or treatment? Scientists from around the world have identified a number of bioactive substances in garlic that are water soluble (e.g., S-allyl methylcysteine), and fat soluble (e.g., diallyldisulfide). Mechanisms of action are being elucidated by modern technology. The validity of ancient medicine is now being evaluated critically in cell-free systems, animal models, and human populations. Preventive and therapeutic trials of garlic are still in early stages. There are many promising lines of research suggesting the potential effects of garlic. The current state of knowledge does not recognize garlic as a true alternative, but it will likely find a place for garlic as a complement to established methods of disease prevention and treatment. Our goal should be to examine garlic together with other agents to evaluate its possible efficacy and toxicity under conditions of actual use in humans.
The gastrointestinal effects of nonselective NSAIDs and COX-2-selective inhibitors.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which include aspirin, are among the most frequently prescribed medications worldwide. The main factor limiting use of NSAIDs is concern about their gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. The purpose of this article is to review the incidence, pathophysiology, and risk factors of GI side effects associated with NSAID therapy. Upper GI symptoms, such as dyspepsia, occur in 15% to 60% of NSAID users, twice as often as in individuals not taking NSAIDs. The prevalence of gastric or duodenal ulcers in patients taking NSAIDs regularly is approximately 15% to 30%. The annual incidence of NSAID-related clinical upper GI events (complicated and symptomatic ulcers) is approximately 2.5% to 4.5%, with the annual incidence of serious complications (severe bleeding, perforation, and obstruction) about 1% to 1.5%. A history of ulcer or GI complications, advanced age, concomitant anticoagulation therapy or corticosteroid use, and high-dose or multiple NSAID therapy are associated with an increased risk of GI events during NSAID therapy. The cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 specific inhibitors (coxibs) have been developed in order to improve the GI safety and tolerability profile of therapy with NSAIDs. In numerous clinical trials, coxibs have been shown to have efficacy similar to that of nonselective NSAIDs, but are associated with significantly fewer endoscopic ulcers. In addition, 2 large outcome trials indicated that coxibs can also reduce the incidence of clinically important GI events.
Design and analysis of novel compact inductor resonator filter

Compact spiral inductor resonator filters using inductor type resonators are proposed. The design is based on the self-resonant frequency of the spiral inductors and electromagnetic coupling between the resonators. The filter is built and measurement results show good agreement with the simulation data. The filter design is flexible. The resonance frequency and bandwidth of the inductor resonator filter can be directly optimized from the physical arrangement of resonators. The compactness of the newly developed bandpass filter makes the design and integration of bandpass filters attractive for further development and applications in SOC and/or SIP.
Cycles of directed graphs defined by matrix multiplication (mod n )

Abstract Let A be a k × k matrix over a ring R; let GM( A , R ) be the digraph with vertex set R k , and an arc from v to w if and only if w = Av . In this paper, we determine the numbers and lengths of the cycles of GM( A , R ) for k =2 in the following two cases. (a) R= F q , the q-element finite field, and (b) R= Z /n Z and GCD( n ,det( A ))=1. This extends previous results for k =1 and R= Z /n Z . We make considerable use of the Smith form of a matrix; other than that, the most powerful tool we use is the Chinese Remainder Theorem.
Intra-building digital communications at 460 and 1300 MHz

The author describes experiences with experimental 460-MHz and 1300-MHz wireless data networks operated within adjoining multistorey steel-reinforced office-type buildings. The experiments have been conducted using a single fixed station and portable stations at various locations within the buildings. The fixed station was moved to compare locating it within a wiring closet or near terminal equipment. The fixed station location was also varied among the floors of the building to compare relative performance. Station transmitter and receiver parameters, including transmitter power, receiver sensitivity, and antenna feedline gain, varied. Antennas compared include standard lambda /4 groundplane, discone, and slot antennas. For operation between the floors, once the power was sufficient to achieve link integrity, operation was reliable. Positional fading was noted, however. Link operation was satisfactory for normal usage. >
`How many cases do I need?' On science and the logic of case selection in field-based research

Today, ethnographers and qualitative researchers in fields such as urban poverty, immigration, and social inequality face an environment in which their work will be read, cited, and assessed by demographers, quantitative sociologists, and even economists. They also face a demand for case studies of poor, minority, or immigrant groups and neighborhoods that not only generate theory but also somehow speak to empirical conditions in other cases (not observed). Many have responded by incorporating elements of quantitative methods into their designs, such as selecting respondents `at random' for small, in-depth interview projects or identifying `representative' neighborhoods for ethnographic case studies, aiming to increase generalizability. This article assesses these strategies and argues that they fall short of their objectives. Recognizing the importance of the predicament underlying the strategies — to determine how case studies can speak empirically to other cases — it presents two alternatives to curren...
Reactions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Radical Cations with Model Biological Nucleophiles

The determination of gas-phase reactivity of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with nucleophiles is directed at achieving isomer differentiation through ion-molecule reactions and collisionally activated decomposition spectra. A series of PAH isomers form gas-phase [adduci — H]+ ions with the reagent nucleophiles pyridine and N-methylimidazole. Collisionally activated decomposition spectra of the [adduct — H]+ ions of the pyridine/PAH systems are dominated by products formed by losses of C5H4N, C5H5N (presumably neutral pyridine), and C5H6N. Collisional activation of PAH/N-methylimidazole [adduct — H]+ ions causes analogous losses of C4H5N2, C4H6N2 (presumably neutral N-methylimidazole), and C4H7N2. The relative abundances of the ions that result from these losses are highly isomer specific for N-methylimidazole but less so for pyridine. Furthermore, PAH/N-methylimidazole [adduct — H]+ ions undergo a series of metastableion decompositions that also provide highly isomer-specific information. The C4H7N2 (from PAH/N-methylimidazole product ions) and C5H6N (from PAH/pyridine product ions) losses tend to increase with the ΔHf of the PAH radical cation. In addition, it is shown that the fragmentation patterns of these gas-phase PAH/nucleophile adducts are similar to fragmentation patterns of PAH/nucleoside adducts generated in solution, which suggests that the structures of products formed in gas-phase reactions are similar to those produced in solution.
Estimation of Sparse Hessian Matrices and Graph Coloring Problems

Large scale optimization problems often require an approximation to the Hessian matrix. If the Hessian matrix is sparse then estimation by differences of gradients is attractive because the number of required differences is usually small compared to the dimension of the problem. The problem of estimating Hessian matrices by diferences can be phrased as follows: Given the sparsity structure of a symmetric matrix $A$, obtain vectors $d_{1},d_{2},\ldots,d_{p}$ such that $Ad_{1},Ad_{2},\ldots,Ad_{p}$ determine $A$ uniquely with $p$ as small as possible. We approach this problem from a graph theoretic point of view and show that both direct and indirect approaches to this problem have a natural graph coloring interpretation. The complexity of the problem is analyzed and efficient practical heuristic procedures are developed. Numerical results illustrate the differences between the various approaches.
Lateral Load Distribution Test on I-Beam Bridge

Procedures, results and conclusions from strain gage test performed on highway bridge to determine degree of composite action obtained and effectiveness of diaphragms in lateral distribution of loads.
Determining Patent Eligibility for Computer Implemented Inventions in 2014

Software patents and business method patents have been 'available' in Australia for years. They are generally patentable in Australia, subject to restrictions that may be described as similar to those imposed in the U.S. Since the 2001 Australian decision in Catuity, for example, it has been inextricably clear that certain forms of automated business methods may be patented in Australia. However, a number of recent decisions of the Australian Courts (which have been followed by the Patents Office) demonstrate that merely computerizing established business methods and software will not result in a valid patent. This article will outline the current state of the law concerning determining the patentability of certain computer-implemented inventions and methods in Australia, and lessons that can be learnt from recent cases in the United States.
Globalization and Higher Education

Academic Capitalism in the Age of Globalization, edited by Brendan Cantwell and Ilkka Kauppinen. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014. 296 pages. $34.95 Paperback; $34.95 E-book; $69...
‘Do they think we live in huts?’ – Cultural essentialism and the challenges of facilitating professional development in cross-cultural settings

ABSTRACTDepending on the particular definition of culture they employ, pedagogical approaches meant to promote integration, inclusion, and empowerment across cultural divides can end up magnifying existing feelings of alienation, exclusion, and disempowerment. This article explores the negative consequences that can arise when ‘funds of knowledge’ approaches are employed to construct ‘culturally responsive pedagogy’ through the case of the Sharing the Environment programme, a situated professional development programme that sought to promote inquiry-based environmental education at the elementary school level. The programme directors' efforts to mediate the cultural differences between the different groups of participating teachers inadvertently engendered a process of ‘othering’ that actually inflamed the ethnocentric opinions participants had of one another. I argue that the reasons their well-intentioned, theoretically grounded efforts failed so spectacularly have to do with their reliance on a particu...
A view from the weapons labs

Continuing a discussion of the role of weapons-laboratories, Michael May counters Hugh DeWitt's contention (Bulletin, November 1984) that the laboratories are a driving force behind the nuclear arms race.
Regulation of bleomycin-induced DNA breakage and chromatin structure in lung endothelial cells by integrins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.

Activation of endothelial cell integrins inhibits DNA breakage by diverse agents, including the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin. DNA breaks activate nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which regulates chromatin structure and DNA repair. We determined the role of PARP in suppression of bleomycin genotoxicity by integrins using wild-type and PARP knockout mouse lung endothelial cells (MLEC), and the PARP inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (3AB). Activation of β1 integrins by antibody clustering enhanced the sensitivity of wild-type nuclei to digestion with micrococcal nuclease and deoxyribonuclease I, indicating that chromatin structure was altered. 3AB blocked this effect. Knockout and 3AB-treated wild-type MLEC were hypersensitive to deoxyribonuclease I compared with wild-type cells, demonstrating that PARP regulates chromatin structure. Integrin clustering reduced the hypersensitivity of knockout cells, suggesting additional, PARP-independent mechanisms that inhibit nuclease interaction with chromatin. Bleomycin caused DNA breakage in wild-type and knockout MLEC. Breaks were eliminated after 60 min incubation of wild-type cells in drug-free medium, whereas 3AB or PARP knockout inhibited DNA repair. Integrin clustering protected wild-type cells from DNA breakage, and 3AB and PARP knockout inhibited this protection. Bleomycin caused large increases in PARP activity in wild-type but not knockout MLEC, and integrin clustering inhibited the activation of PARP. The results indicate that the antigenotoxic effects of integrin activation require PARP and that integrins alter chromatin structure by PARP-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
APPLICABILITY OF THE HYPERGEOMETRIC PHENOTYPIC MODEL TO HAPLOID AND DIPLOID POPULATIONS.

We show that the phenotypic hypergeometric model of a quantitative trait can exactly describe both haploid and diploid populations. The condition necessary for this is equiprobability of genotypes within each phenotype. This requires equal allele frequencies across the loci, which may be the case when the population is under disruptive selection.
Study on the valence of desensitization treatment and the relationship of inhalation allergen and children bronchial asthma

Objective Study on the clinical application valence of desensitization treatment children bronchial asthma and the relationship of inhalation allergen and children bronchial asthma. Methods Using inhalation allergen, the patients of bronchial asthma were intradermal tested; 56 asthmaic patients are randomly divided into 2 groups: 1 of 2 desensitization treatment, the second as control groups. The therapy endures 8-12 months. Clinical effects are observed. Results 56 cases in 56 cases children bronchial asthma test were poisitive(100%); desensitization treatment for 8-12 months can achieve optimal symptom control. Recurrence rate of 2 years in 36 cases desensitization treatment were magnificently lower than control group(x2=4.92, P0.05). Conclusions Desensitization treatment is an effective method in the therapy of children bronchial asthma.
Oncologic Emergencies I: Metabolic and Space-Occupying Consequences of Cancer and Cancer Treatment

Proper management of the consequences of cancer and cancer treatment is necessary to give affected children the increased chances of survival that recent therapeutic advances offer them. This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of those metabolic and space-occupying consequences that are likely to face the primary care physician.
Cellular neurothekeoma of the eyelid in a 6-year-old boy

We report the case of a 6-year-old boy who presented with an 18-month history of a left lower eyelid lesion that was refractory to medical management. The lesion was excised, and microscopic examination and immunohistochemistry revealed a cellular neurothekeoma. Clinical presentation of such lesions is similar to a chalazion or epidermal inclusion cyst. Cellular neurothekeoma is benign and has a low risk of recurrence after excision with clear margins. Cellular neurothekeoma of the eyelid is extremely rare, with only 5 previously reported cases. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of cellular neurothekeoma of the eyelid presenting in a boy.
Predictors of 30-day perioperative morbidity and mortality of unruptured intracranial aneurysm surgery

Abstract Introduction Large-scale studies examining the incidence and predictors of perioperative complications after surgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) using nationally representative prospectively collected data are lacking in the literature. Methods Using the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) dataset, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the complications experienced by patients that underwent surgical management of a UIA between the years of 2007 and 2013. The primary outcomes of interest were mortality within the 30-day perioperative period and adverse discharge disposition to a location other than home. Predictors of morbidity and mortality were elucidated using multivariable logistic regression analyses controlling for available patient demographic, comorbidity, and operative characteristics. Results 662 patients were identified in the ACS-NSQIP dataset for operative management of an unruptured aneurysm. The observed rates of 30-day mortality and adverse discharge disposition were 2.27% and 19.47%, respectively. A hundred and eight (16.31%) patients developed at least one major complication. On multivariable analysis, death within 30 days was significantly associated with increased operative time (OR 1.005 per minute, 95% CI 1.002–1.008) and chronic preoperative corticosteroid use (OR 28.4, 95% CI 1.68–480.42), whereas major complication development was associated with increased operative time (OR 1.004 per minute, 95% CI 1.002–1.006), age (OR 1.017 per year, 95% CI 1–1.034), preoperative dependency (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.16–9.40) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.45–5.75). Lastly, increasing age (OR 1.017 per year, 95% CI 1–1.034) as well as ASA Class 3 (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.08–2.77) and 4 (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.1–4.72) were independent predictors of discharge to a location other than home. Conclusion Our study yields morbidity and mortality benchmarks for UIA surgery in a representative, national surgical registry. It will hopefully aid in recognizing those patients at greater risk for postoperative complications following surgical management, leading to appropriate changes in treatment strategies for this selected group of patients.
Learning Theories and Instruction Design

Some dominant theories about knowledge acquisition, learning, and instruction design are presented as a background for economists to begin their investigation into learning processes. Although many innovative pedagogical practices in economics are inspired by various learning theories, the theories and their assumptions are rarely, if ever, discussed in the economics education literature. Innovative educators often claim that there is a vast body of evidence supporting their favorite teaching method, but the quality of the evidence is rarely examined independently. The overview of theories presented here is intended to serve as a starting point for economists willing to produce research on learning processes rather than being satisfied with consuming the results of such research from other disciplines.
Liberalism and Suffrage, 1848–65

The revolutions of 1848 were the kind of events liberalism was supposed to prevent. Revolution meant that liberalism had failed to achieve its goals, although this was not necessarily its fault — liberals were not the only ones influencing events. The relationship between liberalism and revolution varied in 1848. English liberals congratulated themselves that their timely Reform in 1832 had enabled the political system to avoid revolution entirely and to ward off the challenge of Chartism. For French liberals, on the other hand, the Revolution of February 1848 was a disaster for which they had only themselves to blame. Their defeat was briefly retrieved by the repres-sion of the June 1848 Paris workers’ revolt, the reconquest of a parlia-mentary majority and renewed limitation of the suffrage in 1850. But the triumph of the “Party of Order” was turned to dust and ashes by the coup d’’etat of Napoleon III in 1852.
The value of the third-person effect in theory building

ABSTRACTThe third-person effect sheds light on the self–other discrepancy in perceived media effects on subsequent behavioral consequences. Despite the practical impetus and growing theoretical interest in the third-person effect, very little attention has been given to evaluating its value and efficacy for a more rigorous theory construction. The current research embraces a holistic approach to assess the worth of the third-person effect in theory building based on the six criteria for the evaluation of theory: explanatory power, predictive power, heuristic value, parsimony, testability, and internal consistency. Building on the discussion of its theoretical merits and limitations, new agendas for the third-person effect research are proposed.