cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Light Controls Growth and Development via a Conserved Pathway in the Fungal Kingdom

Light inhibits mating and haploid fruiting of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, but the mechanisms involved were unknown. Two genes controlling light responses were discovered through candidate gene and insertional mutagenesis approaches. Deletion of candidate genes encoding a predicted opsin or phytochrome had no effect on mating, while strains mutated in the white collar 1 homolog gene BWC1 mated equally well in the light or the dark. The predicted Bwc1 protein shares identity with Neurospora crassa WC-1, but lacks the zinc finger DNA binding domain. BWC1 regulates cell fusion and repression of hyphal development after fusion in response to blue light. In addition, bwc1 mutant strains are hypersensitive to ultraviolet light. To identify other components required for responses to light, a novel self-fertile haploid strain was created and subjected to Agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis. One UV-sensitive mutant that filaments equally well in the light and the dark was identified and found to have an insertion in the BWC2 gene, whose product is structurally similar to N. crassa WC-2. The C. neoformans Bwc1 and Bwc2 proteins interact in the yeast two-hybrid assay. Deletion of BWC1 or BWC2 reduces the virulence of C. neoformans in a murine model of infection; the Bwc1-Bwc2 system thus represents a novel protein complex that influences both development and virulence in a pathogenic fungus. These results demonstrate that a role for blue/UV light in controlling development is an ancient process that predates the divergence of the fungi into the ascomycete and basidiomycete phyla.
KEPLERIAN ORBITS AND SPHERICAL ELECTROSTATIC SPECTROMETER

Abstract The properties of Keplerian orbits in an inverse-square field are discussed in terms of the initial or launching conditions. A simple, new graphical method of constructing any elliptical orbit is presented in terms of the initial conditions. Graphs are presented showing energy relations, eccentricity, size, ratio of maximum and minimum radii, ratio of final to initial radii for 180° traverse and ratio of extremum radii to launching radius, all in terms of the launching conditions. The effect of the potential step at the entrance to a 180° spherical spectrometer is given, as well as exact and approximate equations for the final radius in terms of launching conditions. The effect of the fringing field is discussed with comparisons of the results of Herzog and of Chase.
Power Consumption Analysis of Flip-flop Based Interconnect Pipelining

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of power consumption in flip-flop based wire pipelining. A comparison for the power consumed by the repeaters and the inserted flip-flops are given for different technology nodes, and it has been observed that the power consumed by the repeaters is much higher than the power consumed by the flip-flops. A relationship between the number of inserted flip-flops and repeater size with the power consumption is demonstrated in this paper. Here it has also been illustrated that there is a lower bound for the power consumed by a certain interconnect pipelining scheme, since number of flip-flops and repeater sizes can not lowered beyond certain limit due to the solidity requirement, which is determined by maximum allowable bit error rate.
A new synthetic route to organic aerogels

The aqueous, sol-gel polymerization of melamine with formaldehyde, followed by supercritical extraction, leads to the formation of a new type of organic aerogel. Synthetic conditions (e.g. reaction time, pH) affect the density, transparency, and microstructure of the resultant aerogels. Unlike previous organic aerogels based upon resorcinol-formaldehyde, the melamine-formaldehyde aerogels are both colorless and transparent. Low densities (0.1–0.8 g/cc), high surface areas (∼1000 m2/g), and optical clarity are only a few of the promising characteristics of this new material.
A post-manufacturing language-adaptive embedded processor system

Language is a continuously adapting entity. As new modes of expression and ideas arise, humans are capable of extending the boundaries of language despite time-consuming and costly processes. Yet, the boundaries for processors are rigidly established upon manufacturing. A processor utilizing a static language such as an instruction set is unlikely to last long amongst rapidly advancing technologies, and valuable time and energy are lost due to the use of outmoded forms to express new ideas. In attempts to overcome such limitations and inefficiencies, new instructions are continuously added to the instruction set for greater adaptability to support swiftly evolving applications. Unfortunately, this process requires time-consuming and costly manufacturing, and even this level of adaptability is unsatisfactory and results in a processor that falls short of its intended potential. Since post-manufacturing instruction set customization is generally impossible, an instruction set usually comprises hundreds of instructions while only about 20% of instructions are typically used in most of applications. We have developed a unique language-adaptive embedded processor system for post-manufacturing code optimization and synthesis, resulting in unlimited programmability, innovative instruction cache usage, and significant enhancement (i.e., 5.67× smaller space, 3.14× less energy, and 2.32× faster) alongside simultaneously increased performance.
The sparling form and its relationship to the spin-coefficient formalism

We show how the Sparling form can be expressed in the spin-coefficient formalism. In particular, using an earlier result we obtain an expression for the energy-momentum pseudotensor in terms of spin-coefficients.
Circuit-switched broadcasting in torus and mesh networks

We consider the problem of broadcasting on torus and mesh networks using circuit-switched, half-duplex, and link-bound communication. In this paper, we obtain an optimal broadcasting algorithm that uses pd time steps for a d-dimensional torus with (2d+1)/sup p/ nodes in each side of the torus. Using this algorithm, we show that a broadcasting on a d-dimensional mesh with the same size can be done in pd+p+d-1 time steps.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF AFLATOXIN CONTROL METHODS: ECONOMIC INCENTIVES

Multiple sectors within U.S. crop industries—growers, elevators, handlers/shell- ers, processors, distributors, and consumers—are affected by aflatoxin contamination of commodities, and have the potential to control it using methods developed at both the pre- and postharvest levels. While methods exist, adoption is low; thus, we seek to investigate ways to increase adoption. We believe there are at least three ways to improve adoption of existing aflatoxin control techniques: (1) providing economic incentives; (2) proving and or improving cost-effectiveness of the control methods; and (3) education/outreach across all the relevant industry sectors. Frequently within a commodity there is a mismatch in economic incentives, such that different sectors bear the brunt of aflatoxin costs at disproportionate rates. For example, corn and cottonseed growers bear most of the cost for aflatoxin control, whereas in peanuts and tree nuts, shellers and handlers incur the costs of aflatoxin control. Thus, peanut and tre...
Regions of RNase E Important for 5′-End-Dependent RNA Cleavage and Autoregulated Synthesis

RNase E is an important regulatory enzyme that plays a key role in RNA processing and degradation in Escherichia coli. Internal cleavage by this endonuclease is accelerated by the presence of a monophosphate at the RNA 5' end. Here we show that the preference of E. coli RNase E for 5'-monophosphorylated substrates is an intrinsic property of the catalytically active amino-terminal half of the enzyme and does not require the carboxy-terminal region. This property is shared by the related E. coli ribonuclease CafA (RNase G) and by a cyanobacterial RNase E homolog derived from Synechocystis, indicating that the 5'-end dependence of RNase E is a general characteristic of members of this ribonuclease family, including those from evolutionarily distant species. Although it is dispensable for 5'-end-dependent RNA cleavage, the carboxy-terminal half of RNase E significantly enhances the ability of this ribonuclease to autoregulate its synthesis in E. coli. Despite similarities in amino acid sequence and substrate specificity, CafA is unable to replace RNase E in sustaining E. coli cell growth or in regulating RNase E production, even when overproduced sixfold relative to wild-type RNase E levels.
Porous Liquids: A Promising Class of Media for Gas Separation

A porous liquid containing empty cavities has been successfully fabricated by surface engineering of hollow structures with suitable corona and canopy species. By taking advantage of the liquid-like polymeric matrices as a separation medium and the empty cavities as gas transport pathway, this unique porous liquid can function as a promising candidate for gas separation. Moreover, such a facile synthetic strategy can be further extended to the fabrication of other types of nanostructure-based porous liquid, opening up new opportunities for preparation of porous liquids with attractive properties for specific tasks.
The impact of presentation graphics on students' experience in the classroom

To investigate the benefits and perceived effectiveness of instructional technology, students enrolled in several courses were compared on student evaluations of instruction, grades and an attitudinal questionnaire. The instructors of the courses taught the same course across two successive semesters, using traditional "chalk-and-talk" methods the first semester, and PowerPoint the next; all other techniques (e.g., exams, lecture material) were held constant. Results suggest that organization and clarity, entertainment and interest, professor likeability, and good professor behaviors were enhanced with PowerPoint although final grades were not.
Palliative information : Doctor-patient communication

Communication between doctors and patients allows the formation of a solid working relationship based on the recognition of mutual needs and expectations. It facilitates coping by providing the right amount of diagnostic and prognostic information that assists patients and families in making therapeutic choices consistent with their life goals. In order to provide quality care, the oncologist must take an active role in encouraging disclosure of concerns and formulate a treatment plan that addresses psychosocial needs. This accomplishes the dual purpose of knowing the patient and making the patient feel known and connected to his/her professional caregivers.
Convex Piecewise-Linear Modeling Method for Circuit Optimization via Geometric Programming

This paper presents a new method for fitting a convex piecewise-linear function to a given set of data, which can serve as an empirical modeling framework for circuit optimization via geometric programming. The method iteratively solves a series of linear optimization problems to minimize the fitting error. To reduce the fitting error in each iteration, an extra plane is added in the region where the largest error occurs. For verification, we apply the method to create transistor-level models in 90-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method can generate process-dependent transistor-level models with reasonable modeling accuracy.
The Future of Emotion Regulation Research: Capturing Context.

Emotion regulation has been conceptualized as a process by which individuals modify their emotional experiences, expressions, and physiology and the situations eliciting such emotions in order to produce appropriate responses to the ever-changing demands posed by the environment. Thus, context plays a central role in emotion regulation. This is particularly relevant to the work on emotion regulation in psychopathology, because psychological disorders are characterized by rigid responses to the environment. However, this recognition of the importance of context has appeared primarily in the theoretical realm, with the empirical work lagging behind. In this review, the author proposes an approach to systematically evaluate the contextual factors shaping emotion regulation. Such an approach consists of specifying the components that characterize emotion regulation and then systematically evaluating deviations within each of these components and their underlying dimensions. Initial guidelines for how to combi...
African swine fever virus multigene family 360 genes affect virus replication and generalization of infection in Ornithodoros porcinus ticks.

Recently, we reported that African swine fever virus (ASFV) multigene family (MGF) 360 and 530 genes are significant swine macrophage host range determinants that function by promoting infected-cell survival. To examine the function of these genes in ASFV's arthropod host, Ornithodoros porcinus porcinus, an MGF360/530 gene deletion mutant (Pr4Δ35) was constructed from an ASFV isolate of tick origin, Pr4. Pr4Δ35 exhibited a significant growth defect in ticks. The deletion of six MGF360 and two MGF530 genes from Pr4 markedly reduced viral replication in infected ticks 100- to 1,000-fold. To define the minimal set of MGF360/530 genes required for tick host range, additional gene deletion mutants lacking individual or multiple MGF genes were constructed. The deletion mutant Pr4Δ3-C2, which lacked three MGF360 genes (3HL, 3Il, and 3LL), exhibited reduced viral growth in ticks. Pr4Δ3-C2 virus titers in ticks were significantly reduced 100- to 1,000-fold compared to control values at various times postinfection. In contrast to the parental virus, with which high levels of virus replication were observed in the tissues of infected adults, Pr4Δ3-C2 replication was not detected in the midgut, hemolymph, salivary gland, coxal gland, or reproductive organs at 15 weeks postinfection. These data indicate that ASFV MGF360 genes are significant tick host range determinants and that they are required for efficient virus replication and generalization of infection. The impaired virus replication of Pr4Δ3-C2 in the tick midgut likely accounts for the absence of the generalized infection that is necessary for the natural transmission of virus from ticks to pigs.
The Impact of Counterfeiting on Genuine-Item Consumers' Brand Relationships

Abstract An often-overlooked constituent in the debate on counterfeiting is the consumer of the genuine article—a brand manager's primary constituent. These consumers are drawn to premium brands in part because of the exclusivity and connotation of prestige associated with them. These characteristics are also the reason such brands are attractive targets of counterfeiting. When premium brands are counterfeited, which in turn gives a variety of consumers access to them, how do consumers of the genuine items react to the erosion of exclusivity and prestige? An investigation involving premium brands in Thailand and India reveals that consumers of genuine items adopt one of three strategies when faced with the prospect of their favorite brands being counterfeited: flight (abandoning the brand), reclamation (elaborating the pioneering patronage of a brand), and abranding (disguising all brand cues). The author examines these strategies in detail, revealing how the potential loss of exclusivity and prestige can...
Stop the Stones!: Necessary Tests to Determine Your Risk for Stones

The risk of stone recurrence is 50 % over 5 years (approximately 10 %/year) or 80 % over your lifetime. Identifying risk factors associated with a patient’s stone can help minimize their risk for future stone disease. This chapter discusses the appropriate tests necessary for treatment of a stone and ultimately, stone prevention.
Oxidation of HRas cysteine thiols by metabolic stress prevents palmitoylation in vivo and contributes to endothelial cell apoptosis

Here we demonstrate a new paradigm in redox signaling, whereby oxidants resulting from metabolic stress directly alter protein palmitoylation by oxidizing reactive cysteine thiolates. In mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet and in cultured endothelial cells (ECs) treated with high palmitate and high glucose (HPHG), there was decreased HRas palmitoylation on Cys181/184 (61±24% decrease for cardiac tissue and 38±7.0% in ECs). This was due to oxidation of Cys181/184, detected using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI TOF)-TOF. Decrease in HRas palmitoylation affected its compartmentalization and Ras binding domain binding activity, with a shift from plasma membrane tethering to Golgi localization. Loss of plasma membrane-bound HRas decreased growth factor-stimulated ERK phosphorylation (84±8.6% decrease) and increased apoptotic signaling (24±6.5-fold increase) after HPHG treatment that was prevented by overexpressing wild-type but not C181/184S HRas. The essential role of HRas...
Asteroid Risk Assessment: A Probabilistic Approach

Following the 2013 Chelyabinsk event, the risks posed by asteroids attracted renewed interest, from both the scientific and policy-making communities. It reminded the world that impacts from near-Earth objects (NEOs), while rare, have the potential to cause great damage to cities and populations. Point estimates of the risk (such as mean numbers of casualties) have been proposed, but because of the low-probability, high-consequence nature of asteroid impacts, these averages provide limited actionable information. While more work is needed to further refine its input distributions (e.g., NEO diameters), the probabilistic model presented in this article allows a more complete evaluation of the risk of NEO impacts because the results are distributions that cover the range of potential casualties. This model is based on a modularized simulation that uses probabilistic inputs to estimate probabilistic risk metrics, including those of rare asteroid impacts. Illustrative results of this analysis are presented for a period of 100 years. As part of this demonstration, we assess the effectiveness of civil defense measures in mitigating the risk of human casualties. We find that they are likely to be beneficial but not a panacea. We also compute the probability-but not the consequences-of an impact with global effects ("cataclysm"). We conclude that there is a continued need for NEO observation, and for analyses of the feasibility and risk-reduction effectiveness of space missions designed to deflect or destroy asteroids that threaten the Earth.
A revision of the freshwater crabs of Mt Kenya and the Aberdare Mountains, Kenya, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae).

The taxonomy of the freshwater crabs of Mt Kenya and the Aberdare Mountains in central Kenya, East Africa is revised based on a large collection of previously unreported material. Three species belonging to the genus Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 (Potamonautidae Bott, 1970) are recognized from the region and redescribed. Potamonautes jeanneli (Bouvier, 1921) and P. odhneri (Colosi, 1924) are both resurrected from synonymy and P. alluaudi (Bouvier, 1921) is recognized as a valid species rather than as a subspecies of P. suprasulcatus (Hilgendorf, 1898). All three species are endemic to the Central Province, Kenya.
False‐positive hepatitis C virus serology after placement of a ventricular assistance device

Background Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been associated with immune activation and sensitization. We observed several cases of false-positive (FP) hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab) tests in patients being evaluated for orthotopic heart transplant (OHT), prompting us to investigate this further. Methods We reviewed all VAD and OHT cases at Johns Hopkins from 2005 to 2012. FP HCV serology was defined as an equivocal or low-positive HCV Ab, plus either (i) a negative recombinant immunoblot (RIBA) and/or HCV nucleic acid test (NAT), or (ii) an indeterminate RIBA and negative NAT. Results In 53 patients with available HCV testing, nearly 40% of patients (21/53: 39.6%) developed FP HCV Ab tests after VAD placement: 4 patients had negative NAT, 12 had negative RIBA, and 5 had an indeterminate RIBA and negative NAT. All patients with indeterminate RIBA tests had isolated reactivity to the same HCV protein, c100p/5-1-1p (NS4b protein). In 3 of 4 VAD patients who had OHT and repeat HCV Ab testing after VAD removal, repeat HCV Ab was negative (699-947 days after OHT); in 1 case, FP HCV serology persisted (5 days after OHT). Thirteen patients had OHT alone and none developed a FP HCV Ab. Conclusions FP HCV Ab results following VAD placement are very common. Reversal of FP serology in several patients after VAD removal is suggestive of a possible association with the VAD hardware. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon, as it could lead to delays in determining eligibility for OHT and increased costs.
The One Hundred Most Important Books for Students of Conflict

Proposes a list of 100 books divided among thirteen categories with which everyone interested in conflict should be familiar. The categories are: individual aggression, intellectual conflict, interpersonal conflict, organizational conflict, community conflict, gender conflict, political conflict, war, search for peace, conflict theory and research, conflict management methods, fiction and drama, and wild cards.
The Clash Between Safety and Freedom of Association in the Regulation of Prom Dates

The prom is an essential rite of passage for millions of high school students. Many consider it to be one of the most exciting and significant nights of their lives. For most students, the decision of whom to bring to the prom is one of significant importance. Today, however, high schools across America are conducting informal and even criminal background checks on potential prom dates and implementing regulations that restrict students’ prom date choices. In many instances, students are prohibited from bringing dates who are of a certain age or sex, or who have unsatisfactory criminal or disciplinary records. These regulations are often overly broad and unnecessary, severely infringing upon students’ constitutional right of association. High school is the time when teenagers transform into young adults. Yet, precisely when many young adults are defining their self-identity, schools are unduly withholding the opportunity to make an important, expressive, and very personal choice: with whom to undertake this rite of passage. This Article explores the First Amendment right to form personal associations and its status within the context of prom date selections. It argues that regulations restricting this choice must be adequately tailored so as to protect the associational rights of students. Finally, it proposes a system through which schools can maintain safety at the prom without unnecessarily infringing upon the First Amendment rights of students. The issue explored is both timely and important, yet remains almost completely ignored in legal scholarship. The regulation of prom dates is becoming an increasingly controversial topic in many areas of the country, and litigation in response to these regulations continues to be threatened. It is increasingly apparent that courts will have to address this topic in the near future and, consequently, the broader issues regarding the associational rights of students within the school context.
Phosphate-Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Catalysts

Increased oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics, improved CO tolerance, and more efficient water and heat management represent significant advantages that high-temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells (HT-PEFCs) operating with a phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane offer over traditional Nafion-based, low-temperature PEFCs. However, before such HT-PEFCs become viable, the detrimental effect of phosphate chemisorption on the performance of state-of-the-art Pt-based cathode catalysts needs to be addressed. In this study, we propose a solution to the severe poisoning of Pt-based PEFC cathode catalysts with phosphates (H2PO4– and HPO42–) by replacing standard Pt/C catalysts with phosphate-tolerant, nonprecious metal catalyst (NPMC) formulations. Catalysts with a very high surface area (845 m2 g–1) were synthesized in this work from polyaniline (PANI), iron, and carbon using a high-temperature approach. The effects of metal precursors and metal loading on the morphology, structure, and O...
Molecularly Templated Polymer Matrix Films for Biorecognition Processes: Sensors for Evaluating Oxidative Stress and Redox Buffering Capacity

Novel designs of molecularly imprinted sensor films have been investigated for possible applications for the detection of biomolecules. The templated glutathione-sensing films were synthesized by in-situ electropolymerization of orthophynylenediamine (oPD) in the presence of glutathione (GSH). The sensor response to GSH analyte was tested after hydrolyzing and removal of templating molecules. The analytical signal enhancement has been obtained by employing GSH-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPGSH) for molecular imprinting. Multilayer sensory films consisting of a basal thiolate self-assembled monolayer (SAM), a film of AuNP network assembled on the SAM, and a top poly(oPD) template film with imprinted GSH, have also been investigated. Using the electrochemical quartz crystal nanogravimetry (EQCN), we have found that during the electropolymerization of poly(oPD) templates, considerable amounts of water soluble oPD radicals and oligomers are also generated. The proposed molecular imprinting technique can be applied in polymer sensor designs based on biorecognition principles with piezoelectric transduction.
Antibiotics: how to use them in 1977-1978.

Self-assessment case studies illustrating prudent selection of antimicrobial agents in streptococcal endocarditis complicated by nephritis, enterococcal endocarditis, and endocarditis affecting the tricuspid valve in a drug addict
The Kontrol ’ of Soviet Trade from Above and from Below

The mass participation of Soviet people in the monitoring and regulation (kontrol’) of the retail sector was central to the Communist pursuit of a Soviet dream world of retailing and consumption. Although authorities established official institutions to oversee compliance to rules and directives, they also relied on popular involvement in kontrol’. As Epshtein’s quote suggests, they believed this mass participation would lead to improvements in retailing, and strengthen efforts to uncover “culprits” who impeded retail reform and economic progress.
Haptic Shape-Based Management of Robot Teams in Cordon and Patrol

There is a growing need to develop effective interaction methods that enable a single operator to manage a team of multiple robots. This paper presents a novel approach that involves treating the team as a moldable volume, in which deformations of the volume correspond to changes in team shape. The team possesses a level of autonomy that allows the team to travel to and surround buildings of interest in a patrol and cordon scenario. During surround mode, the operator explores or manipulates the team shape to create desired formations around a building. A spacing interaction method also allows the operator to adjust how robots are spaced within the current shape. Separate haptic feedback is developed for each method to allow the operator to "feel" the shape or spacing manipulation. During travel mode, the operator chooses desired travel locations and receives feedback to help identify how and where the team travels. Results from a user study suggest that haptic feedback significantly improves operator performance in a reconnaissance task when task demand is higher, but may slightly increase operator workload. In the context of the experimental setup, these results suggest that haptic feedback may contribute to heads-up control of a team of autonomous robots. There were no significant differences in levels of situation awareness due to haptic feedback in this study.
Codification of Hindu Law

Hindu law has the oldest pedigree of any known system of jurisprudence,1 for which the Vedas of the Srutis2 are the primary source although they contain very little law, as such. According to the needs and progress of Hindu society, new customs evolved and were recognized in Smritis, Nibhandas, and Puranas and were incorporated into the law. Thus law was amended by great sages like Manu, Yajnavalkya and others, but these men attempted to support their amendments with the text of Sruti in order to derive sanction from divine authority. While professing to interpret the law laid down in the Smritis,3 they introduced changes to harmonize the law with the usages of those governed.4 This form of codification was known even in ancient times, and exists today.
Culturally Diverse Audiences: Some Food for Thought

(1990). Culturally Diverse Audiences: Some Food for Thought. Journal of Museum Education: Vol. 15, Museum Theater, pp. 17-18.
Do Bedsider Family Planning Mobile Text Message and E-mail Reminders Increase Kept Appointments and Contraceptive Coverage?

Abstract Objective To determine whether Bedsider text message and e-mail reminders increase family planning contraceptive continuation and appointment rates. Material and Methods We trained staff at three high-volume Family Planning, Access, Care, and Treatment (Family PACT) clinics to enroll women through a special portal to receive text message or e-mail reminders for contraceptive refills and clinic appointments. Women were matched by contraceptive method, time frame of index visit, age group, and language preference to Family PACT clients at comparison sites that did not use the Bedsider program. Family PACT claims data was used to assess the contraceptive coverage of Bedsider and comparison women over 12 months. We assessed differences in contraceptive coverage between the two groups using McNemar's test of matched comparisons. Clinic records from one clinic were available to assess impact on kept appointment rates. Results Of the 488 women enrolled, 370 had a claim for a hormonal method (oral contraceptive, patch, ring, contraceptive injection) in the Family PACT database. Matching resulted in 365 matched pairs. The median length of enrollment in the reminder system was 115 days (16 weeks). A greater percentage of Bedsider women returned on time for contraceptive injections than women in the comparison group. However, McNemar's test showed no differences in contraceptive coverage between the intervention and comparison groups. Kept appointment rates showed a statistically significant increase after the intervention at the clinic providing data. Conclusion Contraceptive injection users showed a positive impact from receiving reminders, but overall there was no impact of the Bedsider reminders on return on time for contraceptive refills and injections. We were able to measure a significant increase in kept appointment rates at one clinic using the Bedsider text message and e-mail reminder system.
A Note on Balaam’s Chimaera

The Biblical tale of Balaam and his taking donkey was elaborated in the Babylonian Talmud: Balaam commits bestiality with the animal and this is accounted one of his failings as a pagan prophet, which accumulate as he tries and fails to curse the Children of Israel. This aspect of testing, probably transmitted by Jews of Iran and Sasanian Mesopotamia, probably becomes the source of an Iranian folk myth about a demonic ass called "mantrier". The myth enters Armenia from there and becomes a legend about the trial that a Christian holy man successfully overcomes.
The psychosocial needs of adolescent males following interpersonal assault

Abstract Purpose We examined the self-identified, postassault psychosocial needs of male adolescents to guide recovery and healing after being seen in an emergency department (ED) for a violence-related injury. Methods We analyzed deidentified data from 49 adolescent male adolescents who participated in a postdischarge case management program following a violence-related injury. Descriptive statistics summarized youths' demographic characteristics and self-identified needs and goals for postassault recovery. Results Most participants (80%) were treated for nonpenetrating injuries and discharged from the ED (76%). Nearly two thirds of youth reported clinically significant traumatic stress symptoms and 89% self-identified mental health needs following injury. Legal and educational needs were also commonly identified. Conclusions Despite experiencing minor physical injuries, assault-injured youth report clinically significant traumatic stress symptoms and recognize postinjury mental health needs. Results suggest that youth-focused early intervention services, particularly related to mental health, are acceptable and desired by youth soon after a violent injury.
Differential Phase Contrast and Digital Refocusing in a Computational Reflection Interferometric Microscope for Nanoparticle Imaging

We develop a computational interferometric microscope with controllable illumination for detecting nanoparticles using reflection-based differential phase contrast (DPC) and digital refocusing algorithm. We validate improved nanoparticle detection on 100nm polystyrene spheres.
Semiconductors for the visible and ultraviolet

Between bandgap energies of 1.77 and 3.35 electron volts (eV) lies the visible spectrum while the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum lies between 3.35 and 12.39 eV. Over 99% of all semiconductor research and development expenditures during the past 50 years has been expended on semiconductor materials exhibiting bandgaps below these ranges. Many good reasons for the relative lack of attention to these higher bandgap semiconductors exist and are addressed herein, but various new growth techniques and incentives have resulted in research funding support in these materials recently experiencing greater increases than any other category of semiconductors. In addition to the obvious applications of visible and UV light emission and detection, these materials offer other significant advantages including negative electron affinity, extremely high dielectric strength, low dielectric constants, very high charge carrier velocities (at high electric field strengths) and extremely low intrinsic leakage. The latter attribute enables such new concepts as non-volatile memories and extremely low loss charge coupled devices.
Crystalline cohomology of superschemes

Abstract We introduce a notion of crystalline cohomology for superschemes and show that it is isomorphic to the usual crystalline cohomology of the underlying commutative scheme if 2 is invertible on the base.
A technology-based patient and family engagement consult service for the pediatric hospital setting.

Objective The Vanderbilt Children's Hospital launched an innovative Technology-Based Patient and Family Engagement Consult Service in 2014. This paper describes our initial experience with this service, characterizes health-related needs of families of hospitalized children, and details the technologies recommended to promote engagement and meet needs. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed consult service documentation for patient characteristics, health-related needs, and consultation team recommendations. Needs were categorized using a consumer health needs taxonomy. Recommendations were classified by technology type. Results Twenty-two consultations were conducted with families of patients ranging in age from newborn to 15 years, most with new diagnoses or chronic illnesses. The consultation team identified 99 health-related needs (4.5 per consultation) and made 166 recommendations (7.5 per consultation, 1.7 per need). Need categories included 38 informational needs, 26 medical needs, 23 logistical needs, and 12 social needs. The most common recommendations were websites (50, 30%) and mobile applications (30, 18%). The most frequent recommendations by need category were websites for informational needs (39, 50%), mobile applications for medical needs (15, 40%), patient portals for logistical needs (12, 44%), and disease-specific support groups for social needs (19, 56%). Discussion Families of hospitalized pediatric patients have a variety of health-related needs, many of which could be addressed by technology recommendations from an engagement consult service. Conclusion This service is the first of its kind, offering a potentially generalizable and scalable approach to assessing health-related needs, meeting them with technologies, and promoting patient and family engagement in the inpatient setting.
Distribution of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor binding in the mouse brain using a new, high-affinity radioligand, [ 125 I]-PD-Sauvagine.

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides includes CRF and three urocortins, which signal through two distinct G-protein coupled receptors, CRF1 and CRF2 . Although the cellular distribution of CRF receptor expression has been well characterized at the mRNA level, the localization of receptor protein, and, by inference, of functional receptors, has been limited by a lack of reliable immunohistochemical evidence. Recently, a CRF-related peptide, termed PD-sauvagine, was isolated from the skin of the frog, Pachymedusa dacnicolor, and validated as a high-affinity ligand for CRF receptor studies. A radiolabeled analog, [125 I]-PD-sauvagine, with high signal-to-noise ratio, was used in autoradiographic studies to map the distribution of CRF receptor binding sites in the mouse brain. Through the use of receptor-deficient mice and subtype-specific antagonists, CRF1 and CRF2 binding sites were isolated, and found to be readily reconcilable with regional patterns of mRNA expression. Binding site distributions within a given structure sometimes differed from mRNA patterns, however, particularly in laminated structures of the isocortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum, presumably reflecting the trafficking of receptors to their operational homes on neuronal (mostly dendritic) processes. Binding patterns of [125 I]-PD-sauvagine provided independent assessments of controversial receptor localizations, failing to provide support for CRF1 expression in central autonomic components of the limbic forebrain, the locus coeruleus and cerebellar Purkinje cells, or for CRF2 in any aspect of the cerebellar cortex. Though lacking in ideal resolution, in vitro binding of the PD-sauvagine radioligand currently provides the most sensitive and accurate available tool for localizing CRF receptors in rodent brain.
INVESTIGATING THE SPACE OF CHERNOFF FACES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the space of Chernoff faces. Using Chernoff faces to their best advantage to represent multivariate data requires that the perceptual configuration, in which the faces are perceived, resemble the configuration of the original data points. Observers' judgments of similarities between faces should reflect the distances between the original data points. Multidimensional scaling solves this problem in principle, but it is not practical because of the dimensionality of the spaces. Intuitively obvious deficiencies in the way face parameters map onto faces can be corrected by trial and error. Regions of the space of possible face parameter vectors can be evaluated according to the degree to which subjective distance judgments within each region match a particular distance model. A special case of the scaling paradigm can be used for any specific type of data.
Power that Builds Others and Power that Breaks: Effects of Power and Humility on Altruism and Incivility in Female Employees

Building on the approach/inhibition theory of power and the situated focus theory of power, we examine the roles of positional and personal power on altruism and incivility in workplace dyads. Resu...
The Epidemiology of Social Isolation: National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Objectives Social isolation among older adults is an important but under-recognized risk for poor health outcomes. Methods are needed to identify subgroups of older adults at risk for social isolation. Methods We constructed a typology of social isolation using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and estimated the prevalence and correlates of social isolation among community-dwelling older adults. The typology was formed from four domains: living arrangement, core discussion network size, religious attendance, and social participation. Results In 2011, 24% of self-responding, community-dwelling older adults (65+ years), approximately 7.7 million people, were characterized as socially isolated, including 1.3 million (4%) who were characterized as severely socially isolated. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression indicated that being unmarried, male, having low education, and low income were all independently associated with social isolation. Black and Hispanic older adults had lower odds of social isolation compared with white older adults, after adjusting for covariates. Discussion Social isolation is an important and potentially modifiable risk that affects a significant proportion of the older adult population.
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE RICE BLAST PATHOGEN IN A SCREENING SITE IN COLOMBIA AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RESISTANCE

Rice blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea Sacc., the anamorph of Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr, is the main rice production constraint in Colombia. Development of resistant cultivars has been the preferred means of controlling this disease; however, development of resistant cultivars with durable blast resistance has been a very difficult task, especially in areas where rice is grown continuously such as in Colombia, and where the climatic conditions are highly conducive to blast. In general, blast resistance is defeated by the pathogen shortly after cultivar release (Correa-Victoria and Martinez, 1994). Major efforts are being made at CIAT to understand the high pathogen variation observed, often reported as the main cause of resistance breakdown (Correa-Victoria et al., 1994). An extensive study of P. grisea diversity in Colombia was initiated in 1990 by analyzing the population structure in the country. We have analyzed extensively the virulence diversity and virulence spectrum of several hundred isolates collected from different rice cultivars. Isolates have been inoculated under greenhouse conditions onto rice cultivars with known resistance genes, rice commercial cultivars released in Colombia over a period of 30 years, sources of durable blast resistance, the international set of host differentials, and a set of near isogenic lines carrying known resistance genes.
Least-Cost Utility Planning Ein Handbuch für Regierungsbeauftragte über Energieversorgungsunternehmen

Dieses Handbuch wurde vom Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) Berkeley, Kalifornien erstellt. Bei der Ausarbeitung unterstutzten die Mitglieder des NARUC Committees/Staff Subcommittees zur Energieeinsparung das LBL mit redaktionellen Beitragen und Vorschlagen. Kosten, die bei der Erstellung dieser Arbeit angefallen sind, wurden teilweise durch einen Zuschus an die National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners (NARUC) vom U.S.-Energieministerium (DOE Subventionsnr. DE-FG01-87CE27464) abgedeckt. Die hierin zum Ausdruck gebrachten Ansichten und Meinungen sind ausschlieslich die der Autoren und mussen nicht notwendigerweise mit Meinungen und Positionen der NARUC oder des U.S. Energieministeriums ubereinstimmen. Schriftliche Kommentare werden begrust.
Water (in)security and American Indian health: social and environmental justice implications for policy, practice, and research.

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this research were to examine the relationship between water insecurity and Indigenous health and highlight the social and environmental justice implications water insecurity has for practice, policy, and research with Indigenous communities. Study design A literature search design was used. Methods A review of the concepts of water insecurity within an Indigenous context is described through three illustrative case studies. Results For Indigenous people, water takes on a much greater significance as it is connected to the culture, identity, and livelihoods of Indigenous communities. Although a vast range of determinants influence Indigenous health, water continues to be an integral component of Indigenous health globally. Conclusions Water is a finite resource, and it is anticipated that water insecurity will grow as water resources are stressed and become scarcer globally. Having safe sustainable water resources by itself will not necessarily result in significant health improvements as there are many other factors involved. However, safe, sustainable water resources are a necessity for health, and health equity is a prerequisite for social and environmental justice for Indigenous people.
Effect of Head Rotation on Jugular Vein Patency Under General Anesthesia

Head rotation causes compression and occlusion of the ipsilateral internal jugular (IJ) vein. This can result in raised intracranial pressure and increased bleeding if the patient is having or has recently had surgery. The amount of head rotation in adults resulting in occlusion of the ipsilateral IJ vein is unknown however. We measured the amount of head turn that produced occlusion of the ipsilateral IJ vein in 25 patients having surgery under general anesthesia. On average, 80% of IJ veins occlude at a mean of 55.6° on the left and 53.3° on the right.
Spinal blastomycosis: unusual musculoskeletal presentation with literature review

We report a case of a 41-year-old male who presented to our institution with a large groin mass. CT, MRI and PET imaging was performed and was concerning for a soft tissue abscess likely originating in the lumbar spine. Differential considerations included infection, with atypical infections such as tuberculosis strongly considered. Biopsy revealed fungal elements preliminarily reported as consistent with Cryptococcus neoformans but later revealed to be Blastomyces dermatitidis. The patient responded positively following the introduction of appropriate treatment. This case illustrates the imaging similarities between spinal blastomycosis, spinal tuberculosis, and other fungal infections as well as the need for biopsy to differentiate.
Clinical implications of age-related change of the mandibular plane angle.

Objective To identify trajectories of ontogenetic change in the mandibular plane angle (MPA) and to describe the influence of sex and other factors on MPA during growth. Setting/sample The data consisted of 7026 MPA measurements from lateral cephalographs representing longitudinal series from ages 6 to 21 for 728 individuals from the Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS). Materials and methods Facial type was determined from MPA for each assessment, with the assessment closest to age 18 representing the adult facial type. The sample includes 366 males and 362 females, each with between 2 and 15 cephalographs. The mean number of cephalographs per individual is 10. Variation in childhood MPA (earliest assessment between 6 and 9 years of age) and adult MPA (closest assessment to age 18 between 15 and 21 years of age), and change in MPA from childhood to adulthood were compared by sex and adult facial type using ANOVA and post hoc t tests. Results Mandibular plane angle decreased from childhood to adulthood in 92% of males and 81% of females, yet increased in 36% of males and 50% of females with the hyper-divergent adult facial type. Childhood MPA and overall change in MPA were significantly different by adult facial type. Conclusions Adult facial type is associated with differences in childhood MPA and change in MPA during growth. There are multiple ontogenetic pathways by which an individual can achieve a normo-divergent adult facial type, and an individual's childhood MPA does not necessarily correspond to his or her adult facial type.