cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaporation and accretion of extrasolar comets following white dwarf kicks

Several lines of observational evidence suggest that white dwarfs receive small birth kicks due to anisotropic mass loss. If other stars possess extrasolar analogues to the Solar Oort cloud, the orbits of comets in such clouds will be scrambled by white dwarf natal kicks. Although most comets will be unbound, some will be placed on low angular momentum orbits vulnerable to sublimation or tidal disruption. The dusty debris from these comets will manifest itself as an IR excess temporarily visible around newborn white dwarfs; examples of such disks may already have been seen in the Helix Nebula, and around several other young white dwarfs. Future observations with the James Webb Space Telescope may distinguish this hypothesis from alternatives such as a dynamically excited Kuiper Belt analogue. Although competing hypotheses exist, the observation that $\gtrsim 15\%$ of young white dwarfs possess such disks, if interpreted as indeed being cometary in origin, provides indirect evidence that low mass gas giants (thought necessary to produce an Oort cloud) are common in the outer regions of extrasolar planetary systems. Hydrogen abundances in the atmospheres of older white dwarfs can, if sufficiently low, also be used to place constraints on the joint parameter space of natal kicks and exo-Oort cloud models.
The Impact of AIDS on the Medical Care System

IN THIS eighth year of the war against acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the front lines in the United States are surely the hospitals of our major cities. It is to these institutions that the afflicted come, whatever their risk group, and in increasing numbers. Gay and bisexual men bring with them a history of discrimination and fear. Drug users reveal an entire family at risk. The worried well crowd our clinics to be tested for infection a second, third, or fourth time. People come in hope of being given the latest experimental drug protocol, and people come to die because they have no family or friends to provide their care. It has been estimated by the Centers for Disease Control that 270 000 cumulative cases of AIDS will occur in the United States by 1991.1The task of assimilating this enormous burden of disease into existing health care structures
Nitrogen Measurement for Variable‐Rate N Management in Maize

Abstract Numerous proximal and remote soil and plant‐testing methods are available to guide variable‐rate N management in maize production. These include preseason and late spring soil nitrate tests, late season stalk nitrate tests, handheld chlorophyll meter readings, remote sensing of soil and crop canopy properties, site‐specific data from yield monitors and soil electrical conductivity maps. Field applicators have even been equipped to sense the N status of a crop and direct the application of any needed N on‐the‐go. However, the adoption rates of variable‐rate N management are low worldwide despite the potential economic and environmental benefits of this practice and the availability of variable‐rate application technology in key areas of maize production. A major obstacle is the finding that recommended N fertilizer rates based on yield goal are often poorly correlated with actual economically optimum N rates. Nitrogen response patterns are often field and season specific and can vary widely within...
Design, fabrication and test of a microfluidic nebulizer chip for desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

This paper presents design, microfabrication, and test of a microfluidic nebulizer chip for desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) in proteomic analysis. The microfluidic chip is fabricated using cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) substrates. The fluidic channels are thermally embossed onto a base substrate using a nickel master and then a top substrate is thermally bonded to seal the channels. Carbon ink embossed into the top COC substrate is used to establish electrical connection between the external power supply and the liquid in the channel. The microfluidic chip to external capillary connection is fabricated using Nanoport™ interconnection system. Preliminary leakage test was performed to demonstrate the interconnection system is leak-free and pressure test was performed to evaluate the burst pressure. Finally, the nebulizer chip was used to perform DESI-MS for analyzing peptides (BSA and bradykinin) and reserpine on the nanoporous alumina surface. DESI-MS performance of the microfluidic nebulizer chip is compared with that obtained using a conventional DESI nebulizer.
Factors influencing serum separation of tomato ketchup

The effect of tomato cultivar, breaking procedure, starting tomato paste concentration, reconstituted paste, homogenization treatment, percent total and water insoluble solids, and pH on serum separation of tomato ketchup was investigated. Homogenization, as well as increasing the total and/or the water insoluble solids of the ketchup reduced separation. Increasing the total solids of the starting tomato paste decreased the rate of separation, but increased the final amount of serum loss from the resulting ketchup. Among tomato cultivars and breaking procedures included in this study, the Peto 98 cultivar (high water insoluble solids content) and the medium break procedure (at 107.2°C after a 10 min hold at room temperature) gave ketchups with the least serum separation.
Integrating spatial and temporal approaches to understanding species richness

Understanding species richness patterns represents one of the most fundamental problems in ecology. Most research in this area has focused on spatial gradients of species richness, with a smaller area of emphasis dedicated to understanding the temporal dynamics of richness. However, few attempts have been made to understand the linkages between the spatial and temporal patterns related to richness. Here, we argue that spatial and temporal richness patterns and the processes that drive them are inherently linked, and that our understanding of richness will be substantially improved by considering them simultaneously. The species–time–area relationship provides a case in point: successful description of the empirical spatio-temporal pattern led to a rapid development and testing of new theories. Other areas of research on species richness could also benefit from an explicitly spatio-temporal approach, and we suggest future directions for understanding the processes common to these two traditionally isolated fields of research.
The archaeology of Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls

Written with an expert's insight yet an easily readable style, this important book is certain to reinvigorate discussion of this monumental archaeological find. Like the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Qumran site continues to be the object of intense scholarly debate. In a book intended to introduce general readers to this fascinating area of study, Magness provides an overview of the archaeology of Qumran and presents an exciting new interpretation of this ancient community based on information found in the Scrolls and other contemporary documents.
Topology-Aware Evenly Spaced Streamline Placement

This paper presents a new streamline placement algorithm that produces evenly spaced long streamlines while preserving topological features of a flow field. Singularities and separatrices are extracted to decompose the flow field into topological regions. In each region, a seeding path is selected from a set of streamlines integrated in the orthogonal flow field. The uniform sample points on this path are then used as seeds to generate streamlines in the original flow field. Additional seeds are placed where a large gap between adjacent streamlines occurs. The number of short streamlines is significantly reduced as evenly spaced long streamlines spawned along the seeding paths can fill the topological regions very well. Several metrics for evaluating streamline placement quality are discussed and applied to our method as well as some other approaches. Compared to previous work in uniform streamline placement, our method is more effective in creating evenly spaced long streamlines and preserving topological features. It has the potential to provide both intuitive perception of important flow characteristics and detail reconstruction across visually pleasing streamlines.
The 1H and 13C chemical shifts for some tetrakis(para‐substituted phenyl)ethylenes

The proton and carbon chemical shifts for a series of tetrakis(p-substituted phenyl)ethylenes are described. Assignments followed routine substituent chemical shift trends. Both proton and carbon chemical shifts ortho to the varying substituent follow the empirical parameter, Q. The ethylene carbon chemical shifts are proportional to those at the position para to the varying substituent.
Headteachers in Catholic schools: challenges of leadership

Abstract In spite of their academic and social success, Catholic schools in England have been subject to a variety of challenges and changes in recent years. This paper draws on the findings of an investigation based on interviews that the writer carried out among a number of headteachers working in Catholic schools in the Midlands and south-east England. The intention of the investigation was to elicit their views about the leadership challenges they face in their experience of headship. In considering the challenges that headteachers in Catholic schools face, the writer concludes that it seems they encounter significant and increasing tensions in attempting to fulfil the faith mission of the Catholic Church within a prevailing secular culture and a competitive educational environment.
Buying into Downtown Revival: The Centrality of Retail to Postwar Urban Renewal in American Cities

This article argues that the link between consumption and civic engagement has an important local, not just national, history and that retailers' involvement in the downtown urban renewal of American cities in the post-WWII era offers a particularly fruitful avenue of investigation. The article focuses on New Haven, Connecticut, and Boston, Massachusetts, where Edward J. Logue served as development chief from 1954 to 1967. His record over these fourteen years, when he was a national leader in federally funded urban renewal, offers a revealing case of how consumption and civic culture intersected at the local level. Although the power given to retailers varied starkly in the redevelopment of these two cities, in both cases department stores were deemed essential to the viability of the central business district. That priority ultimately limited the success of downtown revitalization, given the department store sector's growing suburban orientation and steady economic concentration from the 1960s on.
An Asymptotically Optimal Receiver for Heterodyne Optical Communication

An incoherent receiver is derived for the heterodyne optical channel under the assumption of Phase coherence at the start of each transmitted sequence. The receiver is optimal in the limit of small bit intervals with respect to the coherence time of the laser oscillators, and reduces to that proposed by Jeromin and Chan [1] when no initial phase coherence is present. Computer simulations indicate that the small amount of performance improvement obtained by resolving an initial phase uncertainty may not justify the extra complexity needed, for the data rates currently considered.
Sexual Encounters and Manhood Acts: Evangelicals, Latter-Day Saints, and Religious Masculinities

The experiences of men in traditional religions are complex, at times inconsistent, and not necessarily the direct result of religious teachings. This article draws from two qualitative case studies to examine the ways in which evangelical and Latter-Day Saint men understand masculinity and their spiritual beliefs in the context of sexual activity. The authors present two masculine practices—acceptance of sexual rejection and sexual indifference—that allow religious men in this study to simultaneously challenge and uphold the system of hegemonic masculinity that their traditions promote. These findings point to the moments when creative, interpretative work helps religious men to reconcile their experiences with religious expectations and to alleviate the tensions they face in their everyday lives. This article offers new insights into how gender and sexuality studies may be integrated into the sociology of religion.
The ties that bind: Using ethnographic methods to understand service engagement

While rates of disengagement from mental health services remain high, the Housing First program has succeeded in engaging those who are hardest-to-reach, people who have experienced long-term homel...
Interest in genetic testing in pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND): a family with frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17

The specific mutation on the tau gene responsible for a neurodegenerative disease known as pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration (PPND) was recently located. PPND family members are at risk for an autosomal dominant form of frontotemporal dementia with Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). This study investigated whether individuals in this family would consider presymptomatic genetic testing. Surveys were sent to 66 at-risk individuals in the family; replies were received from 20 (30%). Family members were asked if they would consider having testing now or in the future, and to indicate their reasons for and against proceeding with testing. Fifty per cent (n=10) of those who were at risk and who responded indicated they would consider testing now, and 55% (n=11) would think about it in the future. The most frequently cited reasons to proceed with testing were to ‘collaborate with research’ (70%) and to ‘know if my children are at risk’ (45%). The most frequently cited reason not to pursue testing was ‘I can enjoy my life more fully by not knowing’ (50%). Results suggest that interest in determining whether they will manifest PPND is generally low among at-risk members of this family, despite wide support and participation in other research studies.
Clinical decision support in small community practice settings: a case study

Using an eight-dimensional model for studying socio-technical systems, a multidisciplinary team of investigators identified barriers and facilitators to clinical decision support (CDS) implementation in a community setting, the Mid-Valley Independent Physicians Association in the Salem, Oregon area. The team used the Rapid Assessment Process, which included nine formal interviews with CDS stakeholders, and observation of 27 clinicians. The research team, which has studied 21 healthcare sites of various sizes over the past 12 years, believes this site is an excellent example of an organization which is using a commercially available electronic-health-record system with CDS well. The eight-dimensional model proved useful as an organizing structure for the evaluation.
Memory Interface Design for 3D Stencil Kernels on a Massively Parallel Memory System

Massively parallel memory systems are designed to deliver high bandwidth at relatively low clock speed for memory-intensive applications implemented on programmable logic. For example, the Convey HC-1 provides 1,024 DRAM banks to each of four FPGAs through a full crossbar, presenting a peak bandwidth of 76.8GB/s to the user logic. Such highly parallel memory systems suffer from high latency, and their effective bandwidth is highly sensitive to access ordering. To achieve high performance, the user must use a customized memory interface that combines scheduling, latency hiding, and data reuse. In this article, we describe the design of a custom memory interface for 3D stencil kernels on the Convey HC-1 that incorporates these features. Experimental results show that the proposed memory interface achieves a speedup in runtime of 2.2 for 6-point stencil and 9.5 for 27-point stencil when compared to a naive memory interface.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Without Maintenance Therapy for High-Risk Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer☆

Abstract Background Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the standard intravesical treatment of high-risk noninvasive (Ta, T1, Tis) bladder cancer. Maintenance BCG is recommended for maximum efficacy. Objective We compared our results in a large cohort of high-risk bladder cancer patients who received BCG without maintenance with published results from randomized maintenance BCG trials. Design, setting, and participants A cohort of 1021 patients underwent restaging transurethral resection for high-risk (Ta, T1, Tis) bladder cancer. Intervention Patients received a 6-wk induction course of BCG therapy. Responding patients did not receive maintenance BCG. Relapsing patients were eligible for retreatment with BCG. All patients were followed for a minimum of 5 yr. Measurements End points were 5-yr tumor- and progression-free survival rates. Results and limitations Of 816 complete responders to induction BCG, 2- and 5-yr recurrence-free survival rates were 73% and 46%, respectively. The progression-free survival rate was 89%. Progression-free survival time was 56 mo (95% confidence interval, 55–58 mo). Thirty-two percent of the patients required another course of BCG therapy. We cannot exclude that maintenance BCG may benefit patients beyond 5 yr over induction BCG alone and selective BCG retreatments. Conclusions Our results with BCG treatment without maintenance of patients with high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer compare favorably with trials in which comparable patients received maintenance BCG.
Code-switching functions in postcolonial classrooms

This paper focuses on code-switching (CS) in postcolonial (P-C) classrooms (e.g. Africa, Asia and Asia-Pacific) where the use of English has increased not only as a subject matter, but also as the language of instruction across all subjects. CS, a common behaviour among bilinguals and polyglots, refers broadly to the alternation between two or more languages or language varieties in a single conversation, and has received much attention—in terms of both its grammatical dimensions and sociolinguistic function. Rather than focusing on the grammatical dimensions of CS, this paper examines the sociolinguistic functions. The paper highlights attitudinal conflicts between educational language policies and classroom practices in regard to CS. Supporters argue that CS facilitates language learning and creates a supportive classroom environment. Opponents argue that it is counterproductive, because it does not foster acquisition in the second (or additional) language. This paper examines this conflict and highligh...
Neurobiological Correlates of Coping through Emotional Approach

This investigation considered possible health-related neurobiological processes associated with “emotional approach coping” (EAC), or intentional efforts to identify, process, and express emotions surrounding stressors. It was hypothesized that higher dispositional use of EAC strategies would be related to neural activity indicative of greater trait approach motivational orientation and to lower proinflammatory cytokine and cortisol responses to stress. To assess these relationships, 46 healthy participants completed a questionnaire assessing the two components of EAC (i.e., emotional processing and emotional expression), and their resting frontal cortical asymmetry was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). A subset (N = 22) of these participants’ levels of the soluble receptor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (sTNFαRII), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cortisol (all obtained from oral fluids) were also assessed before and after exposure to an acute laboratory stressor. Consistent with predictions, higher reported levels of emotional expression were significantly associated with greater relative left-sided frontal EEG asymmetry, indicative of greater trait approach motivation. Additionally, people who scored higher on EAC, particularly the emotional processing component, tended to show a less-pronounced TNF-α stress response. EAC was unrelated to levels of IL-6 and cortisol. Greater left-sided frontal EEG asymmetry was significantly related to lower baseline levels of IL-6 and to lower stress-related levels of sTNFαRII, and was marginally related to lower stress-related levels of IL-6. The findings suggest that the salubrious effects of EAC strategies for managing stress may be linked to an approach-oriented neurocognitive profile and to well-regulated proinflammatory cytokine responses to stress.
Sequence‐matched probes produce increased cross‐platform consistency and more reproducible biological results in microarray‐based gene expression measurements

Cancer derived microarray data sets are routinely produced by various platforms that are either commercially available or manufactured by academic groups. The fundamental difference in their probe selection strategies holds the promise that identical observations produced by more than one platform prove to be more robust when validated by biology. However, cross-platform comparison requires matching corresponding probe sets. We are introducing here sequence-based matching of probes instead of gene identifier-based matching. We analyzed breast cancer cell line derived RNA aliquots using Agilent cDNA and Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarray platforms to assess the advantage of this method. We show, that at different levels of the analysis, including gene expression ratios and difference calls, cross-platform consistency is significantly improved by sequence- based matching. We also present evidence that sequence-based probe matching produces more consistent results when comparing similar biological data sets obtained by different microarray platforms. This strategy allowed a more efficient transfer of classification of breast cancer samples between data sets produced by cDNA microarray and Affymetrix gene-chip platforms.
Cholesterol superlattice modulates CA4P release from liposomes and CA4P cytotoxicity on mammary cancer cells.

Liposomal drugs are a useful alternative to conventional drugs and hold great promise for targeted delivery in the treatment of many diseases. Most of the liposomal drugs on the market or under clinical trials include cholesterol as a membrane stabilizing agent. Here, we used liposomal CA4P, an antivascular drug, to demonstrate that cholesterol content can actually modulate the release and cytotoxicity of liposomal drugs in a delicate and predictable manner. We found that both the rate of the CA4P release from the interior aqueous compartment of the liposomes to the bulk aqueous phase and the extent of the drug's cytotoxicity undergo a biphasic variation, as large as 50%, with liposomal cholesterol content at the theoretically predicted Cr, e.g., 22.0, 22.2, 25.0, 33.3, 40.0, and 50.0 mol % cholesterol for maximal superlattice formation. It appears that at Cr, CA4P can be released from the liposomes more readily than at non-Cr, probably due to the increased domain boundaries between superlattice and nonsuperlattice regions, which consequently results in increased cytotoxicity. The idea that the increased domain boundaries at Cr would facilitate the escape of molecules from membranes was further supported by the data of dehy- droergosterol transfer from liposomes to MbCD. These results together show that the functional importance of sterol superlattice formation in liposomes can be propagated to distal targeted cells and reveal a new, to our knowledge, mechanism for how sterol content and membrane lateral organization can control the release of entrapped or embedded molecules in membranes.
An analysis of the readability and style of letters to stockholders

One of the most effective communication links between corporate management and investors is the annual report. This aticle examines thirty shareholder letters written by executives who are classified as highly successful based on their own annual salaries and/or the return to shareholders or company performance. The researchers found the letters written by these successful executives to fall within accepted readability levels. In general, the reports written by these successful executives conform to modern-day standards
Surface plasmon resonance in superperiodic metal nanoslits

A superperiodic metal nanoslits device is a surface plasmon resonance optical diffraction grating in which each line of the grating consists of an array of finite number metal nanoslits. The metal nanoslits, upon optical excitations, support localized surface plasmon resonance. The superperiod of the nanoslits causes the coherent radiation of the surface plasmon resonance into the far field with angular dispersion. Therefore, localized surface plasmon resonance in the metal nanoslits can be measured with a CCD or a linear photodetector array. In this Letter, we describe a surface plasmon resonance spectral sensor using a superperiodic gold nanoslits array without using an external optical spectrometer.
Multiple-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis: early and effective management using endoscopic techniques.

Object The authors present the results of treating infants with multiple-suture nonsyndromic craniosynostosis in whom the authors used minimally invasive endoscopy-assisted techniques and postoperative cranial molding over an 11-year period. Methods A total of 21 patients who presented with multiple-suture (nonsyndromic) craniosynostosis were treated using minimally invasive endoscopy-assisted craniectomies. Surgery was followed by treatment with custommade cranial orthoses for up to 12 months. A total of 48 sutures were treated. The most common was the coronal suture (38 cases) and this was followed by the sagittal (11 cases), metopic (6 cases), and lambdoid (3 cases) sutures. There were 13 male and 8 female pediatric patients. Their ages ranged between 3 weeks and 9 months (mean 3.2 months, median 2.5 months). The sagittal suture was treated with a wide vertex craniotomy via 2 incisions located behind the anterior fontanel and in front of the lambda. The metopic suture underwent a suturectomy as did the...
LWR Risk Assessment

Reality is not free of risk. The world around us continually places individuals, groups, and nations in the position of making decisions, and decisions always entail a change in risk, either up or down. It is clear that reality does not impose high-risk (of death say) consequences on much of humanity with any particularly large probability since the human race would die out. In fact, as the birth rates are seldom greater than a few percent, the risk of death to the population cannot exceed that few percent for very long without the population disappearing. This implies, and it is backed up by simple observation, that very-large-consequence occurrences cannot, and indeed do not, have very large probabilities, while high-frequency events (those with large probabilities) must have, relatively speaking, small consequences.
Pipeline embolization device for the treatment of vertebral artery aneurysms: the fate of covered branch vessels

Introduction Preliminary studies suggest that flow-diverting stents may be suitable for the treatment of aneurysms of the posterior circulation. The safety and efficacy of using flow-diverting stents for vertebral artery (VA) aneurysms is not well defined. Objective To examine the fate of covering the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) in patients undergoing placement of a flow-diverting stent for VA aneurysm. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent placement of a Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) for treatment of an aneurysm of the V4 segment of the VA between April 2012 and June 2015 at our institution were retrospectively evaluated. Angiograms were reviewed to determine the patency of the PICA when the vessel origin was covered by the PED. Results 11 patients with VA aneurysms who underwent treatment with the PED were identified. In each case the device covered the origin of the PICA. Follow-up angiography in eight patients demonstrated thrombosis of the aneurysm with patency of the PICA. Conclusions Flow-diverting stents can be used for the treatment of VA aneurysms. When appropriately sized to the vessel wall and positioned in the VA, the device may cover the origin of the PICA without impairing flow through the branching artery.
Characteristic X-Ray Production in the M Shell of Nd 60 , Sm 62 , Gd 64 , Tb 65 , Dy 66 , and Ho 67 by 25- to 100-keV Protons

Characteristic $M$-shell x rays produced when protons of 25- to 100-keV energy are stopped in thick targets of $_{60}\mathrm{Nd}$, $_{62}\mathrm{Sm}$, $_{64}\mathrm{Gd}$, $_{65}\mathrm{Tb}$, $_{66}\mathrm{Dy}$, and $_{67}\mathrm{Ho}$ have been observed by proportional-counter detection. The energy of the x rays (${M}_{a}$) varied from 980 to 1360 eV. The quantities obtained in the experiment were the thick-target yields (x rays per proton) and estimates of the x-ray production and ionization cross sections. With a fluorescence yield of 0.01, the ionization cross sections fall between ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}24}$ and ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Zoning for Off-Campus Fraternity and Sorority Houses

This article discusses how communities across the country can employ various land use planning and zoning techniques to ensure that the encroachment of off-campus student housing into adjacent residential neighborhoods (specifically fraternity houses and sorority houses) does not negatively impact the character of the community.
Introduction to 'A Christian Theory of Social Institutions'

This chapter introduces an early work of Dutch jurist and philosopher Herman Dooyeweerd on the origin, nature, and purpose of social institutions. Dooyeweerd was a highly original Christian thinker who sought to apply biblical and traditional Christian teachings to the modern understanding of law, politics, and society. He argued that the natural order and laws of creation made possible a variety of independent natural, voluntary, and contractual social institutions, which stand between the individual and the state, each discharge distinctive private and public goods. This was an early theory of social pluralism, courageously proffered in part against the growing threats of political totalitarianism and fascism in Europe.
Optimizing bone health in Brazilian teens: using a population-based survey to guide targeted interventions to increase dietary calcium intake☆☆☆

O calcio e necessario para a saude dos ossos, funcao cardiovascular, conducao nervosa, contracao muscular e hemostasia. O calcio e o mineral mais abundante encontrado no corpo e 99% do calcio total no corpo e encontrado no esqueleto, onde fornece a forca a matriz subjacente de colageno. Durante o surto de crescimento na adolescencia, a demanda por calcio e alta, tanto com relacao ao crescimento longitudinal quanto ao acrescimo de massa ossea. O pico de massa ossea e atingido proximo ao fim da segunda decada de vida e e uma importante variavel preditora do futuro risco de fraturas. Os anos de adolescencia fornecem, portanto, uma brecha de oportunidades para intervencoes para aprimorar a aquisicao de pico de massa ossea. Nesta edicao do periodico, de Assumpcao et al. examinaram a ingestao de calcio em adolescentes com relacao a diversas variaveis socioeconomicas e comportamentos relacionados a saude. Em um estudo transversal de base populacional conduzido com cuidado em 913 adolescentes
“You Gotta Appease the People Who Run This Place” Corporate Ownership and Its Influence on Sports Television Production

This research examines the relationship between sports television reporters and producers and the corporate ownership of the regional sports network (RSN) where they are employed. Through the ethnographic techniques of participant observation and interviews with news gatherers at an RSN in a major East Coast market, I provide an in-depth look at the increasingly complex and difficult relationship between ownership and sports journalists in this specific area of the sports–media complex. The study’s findings reveal that sports television reporters and producers at this RSN must navigate an organizational setting that exerts a significant influence on their daily work. Such issues and developments reveal the sports television workplace as increasingly complicated and problematic for those working in it.
Hydrodynamic Wave Generation inside a Rectangular Cavity

In this paper, a new derivation to Lighthill’s acoustic wave equation solves the cavity hydrodynamic wave equation. The cavity shear layer is the forcing function for the cavity hydrodynamic wave equation. The forcing function has two parts: 1) The shear layer’s large-scale vortex interacting with the aft wall and 2) The shear layer entraining fluid from hydrodynamic waves. Experiemntal results show the hydrodynamic waves by indications of nodes that form in the pressure spetrcum data along the ceiling of the cavity.
Seasonal Abundance of Lygus lineolaris (Heteroptera: Miridae) and Selected Predators in Early Season Uncultivated Hosts: Implications for Managing Movement into Cotton

Seasonal patterns of abundance of tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on uncultivated roadside hosts near large cotton fields were determined in two physiographic provinces, the Highland Rim (HR) and the Coastal Plain (CP) of Alabama. Sequence of hosts utilized was similar between years in both provinces, but time that hosts harbored populations shifted in the HR, probably in response to rainfall. Erigeron annuus (L.) Persoon and Erigeron strigosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow, in the HR and CP, respectively, held the densest populations during the time cotton was in an early square growth stage. In both provinces, diversity and density of hosts, and frequency of most hosts, declined while cotton was entering this growth stage. The predators Geocoris spp., Orius spp., and Coccinellidae shared the same hosts in early spring, but were much less dense than TPB on late spring-early summer hosts. Polymerus basalis (Reuter) shared some of the same hosts in the CP. Heavy rainfall in the spring along with an increased frequency and diversity of uncultivated weedy hosts of TPB coincided with low estimates of cotton yield loss from plant-bug feeding. Potential for area-wide management via host manipulation and potential effects on predator populations are discussed.
Functional Gait Analysis Before and After Delayed Military Trauma-Related Amputation: A Report of Three Cases.

The current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have produced a large number of service members with severe combat-related injuries. Eighty-two percent of service members with combat-related injuries have sustained extremity trauma, which accounts for 54% of wounds overall1. Of all the lower-extremity amputations performed at military treatment facilities, approximately 13% (125 of 975) were the result of delayed or “elective” procedures2. Recent studies have shown that the outcomes of extensive salvage procedures for severely injured limbs are not necessarily definitive in a nonmilitary population3 and that early amputation can be preferable to limb salvage in many such instances3-12. Some military and nonmilitary population studies have considered a delayed amputation as occurring within as little as twenty-four hours postinjury, while other studies have cited a range over years4,13,14. Up to 15% of combat-related amputations have occurred later than twelve weeks postinjury, and the military medical community has adopted this as a reasonable timeframe during which initial operative efforts at limb salvage can be attempted2,14. Given the incidence of trauma-related amputation in the active duty military population, as well as the likely underreported frequency of similar scenarios in civilian trauma settings3,8,15-17, the goal of this report is to provide an analysis of gait in combat-injured patients before and after delayed amputation. Our institutional review board approved the retrospective review of the data presented in this manuscript. The three patients included in this case series were informed that data would be submitted for publication, and they all gave consent. Case 1. A forty-one-year-old male U.S. Navy navigator was involved in a midair collision and was ejected from his aircraft. Upon landing, he sustained a Gustilo …
The geospatial and temporal correlation of oxycodone and heroin deaths in Florida counties, 2011 to 2013

Aims: There is growing concern that efforts to limit the availability of prescription opioids (e.g., oxycodone) has contributed to an emerging heroin epidemic. From 2010 to 2013, Florida reported a 66% decrease in the rate of oxycodone-caused deaths, consistent with a 24% reduction in oxycodone prescribing, but heroin-caused deaths increasedby293%over the same timeperiod. The aimof this study is to test the hypothesis that, at the county-level, (1) death rates for both drugs are correlated, (2) death rates exhibit similar patterns of geographic clustering, and (3) heroin-caused mortality is correlated to a time lag in oxycodone-caused mortality. Methods: We mapped county-level, mortality rates by quartile (determined from rates pooled over 3 years) for oxycodone and heroin in 2011 and 2013 using data from Florida’sMedical Examiners Commission.Wedescribe geographic clustering andused linear regression to test models for heroin-caused deaths as a function of a zero, one, or two-year lag of oxycodone-caused deaths at the county-level. Results: For both oxycodone and heroin, we identified several persistentlyhigh ratemortality clusters. In2013, countieswithhigh rates of oxycodone-caused deaths did not appear to overlap with countieswith high rates of death fromheroin. Linearmodels for the zero and one-year lagged models had r2 of 0.01 and 0.03, respectively, whereas the two-year lagged model had r2 =0.18. These models indicate that rates of oxycodone-caused deaths in 2011 were directly related to the rates heroin-related deaths in 2013 although several counties (e.g., Miami-Dade) had notable inverse relationships. Conclusions: This work has county, state and national implications for monitoring persistent population-level problems with oxycodone and heroin abuse and the ability of health agencies to anticipate emerging trends in heroin abuse. Financial support: Internal funding only.
SU-F-T-161: The Effect of Pencil Beam Scanning Gantry Angle Dependent Spot Size Variations On Plan Quality

Purpose: To investigate the effect of spot size variation as function of gantry angle on the quality of treatment plans for pencil beam scanning proton plans. Method: Three homogeneous 26×26×7cm dose volumes with different ranges and SOBPs were delivered on the matrixxPT 2D array at gantry angles of 0 and 270 degrees. The spot size sigma varies by 1.8, 7.8, and 1.4%, for nominal energies of 215, 183, and 103 MeV (Range 29, 22, and 8cm, respectively). The resulting dose planes are compared and evaluated with the gamma index for 2%/2mm and 1%/1mm criteria. Results: Patient specific QA is performed at a gantry angle of 0 degrees. However, beam sigmas vary as function of gantry angle because of the beam optics for each gantry. This will cause differences between the delivered and planned treatment plans. Delivered plans were compared and a gamma pass rate of 96.5% for criteria of 2%/2mm and 91.4% for 1%/1mm were seen for plans with a nominal energy of 183 MeV. For plans with a nominal energy of 103 MeV, gamma pass rates of 97.3% for 2%/2mm and 91.5% for 1%/1mm were seen. For plans with a nominal energy of 215 MeV the pass rate was 99.8% for 1%/1mm between the two gantry angles. Conclusion: Differences in beam sigma of up to 7.8% do not cause significant differences in the dose distribution of different spot size gammas.
Warfarin pharmacogenetics: ready for clinical utility?

1. Linnea M. Baudhuin, PhD, DABMG[⇑][1] 1. is assistant professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 1. Address for correspondence: Linnea M. Baudhuin, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, (507) 284-2511, (507) 266 4176 (fax). baudhuin.linnea{at}mayo.edu Despite the Federal Drug Administration's August 2007 relabeling of warfarin to recommend pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing, the clinical application remains controversial. Many questions exist regarding how information gleaned from genetic testing can be applied in warfarin therapy. In particular, does PGx testing lead to a shorter time to stable INR compared to prudent international normalized ratio (INR) monitoring coupled with the consideration of age, BMI, diet, and physical condition? Does it reduce clinical complications? Other topics of uncertainty include whether the correct warfarin dose can be obtained based on genotype, whether PGx testing is cost-effective, and turn-around-time. Despite the reservations about warfarin PGx testing, there are several subsets of patients for whom such testing could be beneficial. BACKGROUND Warfarin sodium is a commonly prescribed anticoagulant used for the prevention of thromboembolic events and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The annual number of outpatient warfarin prescriptions increased by 45% from 1998 to 2004 in the U.S., from 21.1 million to 30.6 million 1. With the aging population and projected increased prevalence of atrial fibrillation, the number of warfarin prescriptions is predicted to continue to increase1,2. There are many challenges in regulating warfarin dosing. Warfarin has a very narrow therapeutic window and when the prothrombin time or INR falls outside of target range, there is an increased risk for major bleeding or thrombotic complications. Typically, the INR during warfarin treatment should optimally fall between two and three for most patients, although the target INR may vary depending on indication for treatment3,4. A large study… ABBREVIATIONS: CYP2C9 = cytochrome P450 2C9; INR= international normalized ratio; PGx = pharmacogenetic; VKOR = vitamin K epoxide reductase; VKORC1 = vitamin K epoxide reductase, complex 1; AERS = Adverse Event Reporting System [1]: #corresp-1
Effects of temperature, light level, photoperiod, and ammonium concentration on Pyropia leucosticta (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) from the Northwest Atlantic

Seaweed aquaculture in the Northwest Atlantic is a growing industry that is currently based on winter-spring kelp production. Aquaculture of Pyropia leucosticta, a species of economically valuable nori, could provide a spring-summer crop and diversify the industry. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimum conditions for the production of the foliose blade phase and the conditions for advancement from the microscopic conchocelis to the foliose blade phase of P. leucosticta. Foliose blades were grown under a matrix of temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C), photoperiods (8:16, 12:12, and 16:8 L:D), and light levels (30, 60, 110, and 250 μmol photons m−2 s−1) for a period of 1 month. Free-living conchocelis was grown under a matrix of temperatures (10, 15, and 20 °C), photoperiods (8:16, 12:12, and 16:8 L:D), and ammonium concentrations (20 and 500 μM) for 8–12 weeks. Blades grew optimally at 10 to 15 °C, ≥110 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and ≥12 h of light in the day, with growth rates of over 18 % day−1 recorded. Phycobilin content of blades significantly decreased with increasing day length, while protein content significantly decreased with increasing light level. Conchospore release and germination was observed after approximately 40 days under all tested photoperiods, temperatures, and ammonium concentrations and none of these treatments significantly affected the time until germination. Overall, this study provides important background information required for the establishment of Pyropia leucosticta aquaculture in the Northwest Atlantic.
The Nobel Memorial Prize for James Buchanan

In 1986, James Buchanan won the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for (according to the citation) “his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making.”1
Estimating Perception of Distance : Applied Sequential Methodologies in Experimental Psychology:

SummaryAn eyewitness's description of a missing criminal, for example, is very crucial for apprehending the individual. But, some accounts may be unreliable if it turned out that the witness was ‘far away’ from a crime scene. Estimation of the perception of “distance” can be an important input in many situations including this one.We ran a number of designed experiments, collected data, and analyzed them in order to understand how individuals perceived “distance”. These experiments and associated data analyses have some clear messages: When a subject was asked to guess the length of an object such as a straight line or a ruler, we found time and again that one's answer routinely depended upon (i) presence or absence of landmarks or reference points, and (ii) what one had thought that was being shown rather than what the true item really was. More investigations in experimental psychology are deemed essential in one's thorough understauding of human perception of “distance”.
Structure–Property Relationships in Aligned Electrospun Barium Titanate Nanofibers

Barium titanate nanofibers were uniaxially aligned by electrospinning onto a rotating copper wire drum and alignment was maintained during calcination of the fibers. Two methods for maintaining alignment during calcination were tested, by either using carbon tape or a peeling off method to remove the aligned fibers from the mandrel followed by calcination. The carbon tape removal method led to the formation of shorter aligned nanowires while the peeling off method resulted in longer nanofibers. Additionally, the effects of calcination temperature and time on crystal structure were also examined. The degree of tetragonality in the barium titanate nanofibers increased at higher calcination temperatures and times. Piezoelectricity was confirmed in the nanofibers calcined using piezoeresponse force microscopy, yielding a d33 value of 15.5 pm/V. Using the methods presented here, large quantities of aligned piezoelectric barium titanate and other ceramic fibers or wires can be produced to fulfill their demand in novel microelectronics.
Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Linear Free Energy Relationship of 1,3-Diphenyl-6-alkyl/arylfulvenes

A series of 1,3-diphenyl-6-alkyl/arylfulvenes was prepared, and the electrochemical properties were investigated. The addition of phenyl groups about the fulvene raised the reduction potential and helped to stabilize the electrochemically generated radical anion. The addition of various functional groups onto the phenyl ring at the 6-position of 1,3,6-triphenylfulvene results in a linear free energy relationship between reduction potential and the Hammett substituent constant, σ. Further extending the conjugation at the 6-position of 1,3-diphenyl-6-arylfulvenes increases the reversibility of the redox reactions, but does not appear to further stabilize the generated radical anion. This in-depth investigation provides evidence that the compounds studied may have utility in light-harvesting applications.