cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design Guidelines and the Human Factors of Interface Design

The proliferation of computer systems in recent years has prompted a growing concern about the human factors of interface design. Industrial and military organizations have responded by supporting studies in user-computer interaction and, more recently, products which might aid in the design of interfaces. One type of design aid which attempts to make findings of user-computer interface (UCI) research available to the system designer is the interface design guidelines document. This paper reviews literature about the design process and how design guidelines or standards might fit into that activity. Suggestions are offered about where future research and development might be directed in order to enhance the use of guidelines in the interface design process and so enhance the final product as well.
Lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and altered immunoglobulin production in BCL3 transgenic mice

The candidate proto-oncogene BCL3 was isolated through its involvement in the t(14;19) found in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and other B-cell neoplasms. As a member of the IκB family, BCL3 plays a role in the immune response by interactions with the NF-κB family of transcription factors. In order to study the role of BCL3 overexpression in lymphoid malignancies, we generated five lines of Eμ-BCL3 transgenic mice. Transgenic animals develop normally but show splenomegaly and an accumulation of mature B cells in lymph nodes, bone marrow and peritoneal cavity. A hyperresponsive immune system is suggested by the follicular hyperplasia and plasmacytosis in lymph nodes of unimmunized animals, increased incidence of antibodies to self-antigens, and a heightened response to cross-linking of surface IgM. Statistically significant decreases in serum IgM and IgG3, but an increase in IgG1 and IgA were also observed. No lymphoid neoplasms have been identified in transgenic animals. The expansion of B cells in vivo is consistent with the overexpression of BCL3 as being one step in the multi-step process of leukemogenesis. The phenotype also suggests that BCL3 plays a part in B cell proliferation and isotype switching.
Structured Layer of Rhenium Dye on SiO2 and TiO2 Surfaces by Langmuir–Blodgett Technique

We demonstrate the Langmuir–Blodgett assembly of two rhenium–bipyridine complexes containing a flexible or an aromatic bridge, and transfer of the monolayer to SiO2 and single crystal TiO2 substrates. Both of the complexes (ReEC and Re2TC) have a hydrophilic carboxylic acid group, which preferentially anchors into the water subphase, and forms stable monolayers at surface pressures up to 40 mN/m. The optimum conditions for the formation of complete monolayers of both ReEC and Re2TC were identified through characterization of the morphology by atomic force microscopy (AFM), the thickness by ellipsometry, and the surface coverage by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). X-ray reflectivity measurements (XRR) are consistent with the orientation of the molecules normal to the substrate, and their extension to close to their calculated maximum length. Parameters derived from XRR analysis show that there is a higher packing density for Re2TC monolayers than for ReEC monolayers, attributable to the more rigid b...
Radar Angle Glint Suppression Method Based on Multi-antenna and RCS Weighting

Angular glint is an important parameter of radar target characteristics.It seriously reduces angle tracking accuracy of close in antimissile radar.In this paper,the weighting theory that can suppress the angular glint by utilizing the cross correlation between RCS and angular glint is discussed.To accomplish this RCS weighting method,space diversity is employed to get independent samples of target echo signal.The simulation result shows that the square root error value of glint can be suppressed from 3m to about 1m using two antennas.
Enhanced oxygenation in vivo by allosteric inhibitors of hemoglobin saturation

The in vivo effects on hemoglobin (Hb)-O2 affinity and tissue PO2 were investigated after intraperitoneal administration of 2-[4-(((dichloroanilino)-carbonyl)methyl)phenoxyl]-2-methyl propionic acid (RSR4; 150 mg/kg) or its 3,5-dimethyl derivative (RSR13; 300 mg/kg) in C3Hf/Sed mice. The Hb-O2 dissociation curve was plotted from tail vein blood samples using an O2 dissociation analyzer before and up to 160 min after compound administration. Twenty to 40 min after injection, the PO2 at 50% saturation of hemoglobin (Hb P50) increased by a mean of 25% (range 18-31%) after RSR4 and 53% (range 36-76%) after RSR13. Tissue PO2 was continuously measured using an O2 microelectrode in thigh muscle before and up to 40 min after RSR4 or RSR13 injection. Twenty to 40 min after administration, tissue PO2 increased by a mean of 78% (range 30-127%) after RSR4 and 66% (range 39-97%) after RSR13 administration in anesthetized mice. No change in tissue PO2 was seen in anesthetized controls.
Molecular Response of the Bladder to Obstruction

The unique physical attributes of the bladder wall result from the combinatorial properties of both the active, or energy dependent, and passive, or energy independent, elements. The active properties of bladder compliance are largely derived from the contributions of the detrusor smooth muscle cells, which are based upon the ATP-dependent interactions of myosin and actin. These interactions are responsible for the basal tone of the bladder wall and for its ability to fully empty. The passive properties are those that result from the structural proteins in the bladder wall. These structural proteins are involved in the transfer of tension among the cellular and extracellular matrix components, allowing for expansion of the bladder with increasing volume, but with a concurrent lack of increase in bladder pressure. The integration of both the active and passive elements determines the normal functional compliance of the bladder. Any alteration in either one of these elements can lead to abnormal bladder function.
N,N-Dimethyl-1-phenyl­sulfonyl-1H-pyrrole-3-sulfonamide

The structure of the title compound, C12H14N2O4S2, has been determined as part of an investigation into the structure and substitution patterns in benzene­sulfonyl-protected pyrroles. The pyrrole N atom is in a near-planar bonding environment, with an angle between the S—N bond and the mean plane of the pyrrole ring of 1.72 (10)°.
The development of the global feature extractor for the LHC Run-3 upgrade of the L1 calorimeter trigger system

The Global Feature Extractor (gFEX) is one of several modules in the LHC Run-3 upgrade of the Level 1 Calorimeter (L1Calo) trigger system in the ATLAS experiment. It is a single Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA) module for large-area jet identification with three Xilinx Virtex UltraScale FPGAs for data processing and a system-on-chip (SoC) FPGA for control and monitoring. A pre-prototype board has been designed to verify all functionalities, which includes one Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA, one Zynq FPGA, several MiniPODs, MicroPODs, DDR3 SDRAM and other components. The performance of the pre-prototype has been tested and evaluated. As a major challenge, the high-speed links in FPGAs are stable at 12.8 Gb/s with Bit Error Ratio (BER) < 10−15 (no error detected). The low-latency parallel GPIO (General Purpose I/O) buses for communication between FPGAs are stable at 960 Mb/s. The peripheral components of Zynq FPGA like DDRs, UART, SPI flashes, Ethernet and so on, have also been verified. The test results of the pre-prototype board validate the gFEX technologies and architecture. Now the prototype board with three UltraScale FPGAs is on the way.
Expressions and Statements

The code segment $$ \begin{gathered} int n; \hfill \\ int m = 10; \hfill \\ n = m + 5; \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ contains three statements. The first one is a declaration (it declares n to be an integer; i.e., it informs the compiler that n is a variable of type int, and the compiler will allocate appropriate memory space for it), the second one is a declaration together with an initialization (it declares m to be an integer and initializes it to 10), and the third statement is an assignment (it assigns the value of m plus 5 to n) that contains an expression m+5 with operands m and 5 and operator +. A declaration is a statement that introduces a name associated with a type into the program. All statements must end with a semicolon. In this chapter, various expressions and statements are discussed, after starting with scopes and storage classifications. The chapter finishes by providing a sample program on calculating Fibonacci numbers.
Biogeographical homogeneity of Caribbean coral reef benthos

Caribbean reef benthic assemblages have been considered biogeographically homogeneous at regional scales, but this concept was recently challenged by Williams et al. (2015, Journal of Biogeography, 42, 1327–1335). These authors concluded that benthic assemblages exhibit considerable biogeographical variability at regional and smaller scales, that rugosity and wave exposure play key roles in structuring assemblages, and that homogenization has yet to occur at a regional scale. We reassess their conclusions using recently published benthic and fish surveys that targeted sites either protected from fishing or intensively overfished. For sponges, regional variation in assemblages is mostly attributable to the removal of chemically undefended species by sponge-eating fishes at sites protected from overfishing. We maintain that Caribbean benthic assemblages are remarkably homogeneous when compared to reefs in other tropical regions, and were likely more homogeneous before the localized effects of intensive fishing resulted in top-down ecosystem alterations in benthic assemblages.
CHER-Ob: a tool for shared analysis in cultural heritage

The study of cultural heritage involves many different activities, including digital data visualization, information analysis and sharing results. Current technologies focus on providing better tools for data representation and processing, neglecting the importance of analysis and sharing. In this paper, we present a software system, CHER-Ob, which offers powerful tools for evaluation and publication of the results of cultural heritage research, and at the same time supports visualization of various data formats. CHER-Ob also introduces the concept of Cultural Heritage Entity, which serves as a template for cultural heritage research and a model to manage projects. We use typical case studies of cultural heritage research to evaluate the system and demonstrate how it works.
Tri-axial plantar pressure sensor: design, calibration and characterization

A novel tri-axial plantar pressure sensor has been developed. This sensor simultaneously measures vertical plantar pressure and anterior-posterior and medial-lateral shear plantar pressures utilizing a central post, four parallel plates, and a commercial miniature pressure transducer. As a subject walks over the sensor, the central post is deflected and the shear pressures are measured utilizing capacitive sensing technology. The miniature pressure transducer (MPT) is simultaneously loaded to measure the vertical pressure. Each individual tri-axial plantar pressure sensor has the capability of measuring shear forces ranging from 0 to 15 N and vertical pressures ranging from 0 to 28 MPa. The shear component of the tri-axial pressure sensor has a sensitivity of 1.3 mV/g, a non-linearity of 8.3 %, and hysteresis of 7.3 %. The commercial vertical MPT has a sensitivity of 220 nv/V/psi, a non-linearity of 0.094%, and a hysteresis of 0.567%. An array of individual tri-axial plantar pressure sensors in the form of a platform will be developed to measure plantar pressure in patients. This pressure platform is placed on the surface of a walkway and is suitable for barefoot walking trials.
Effect of liquid absorption on the treeing resistance of polyethylene

Many investigations have been made of treeing phenomenon in polyethylene and cross-linked polyethylene. Usually, cross-linked polyethylene (CPE) chemically cross-linked with di-α-cumylperoxide (DCP) has a higher resistance to treeing than ordinary polyethylene (PE) when they are tested with the needle-electrode test method. However, it was found that, when CPE is dried, it has the same low resistance to treeing as PE. From this, it was inferred that undried CPE owes its higher resistance to treeing to the presence of acetophenone, a decomposition product of DCP, which, we suggest, exists in tiny voids at the needle tip and suppress discharges in such voids.
Valve Repair Is Superior to Replacement in Most Patients With Coexisting Degenerative Mitral Valve and Coronary Artery Diseases

Background For mitral regurgitation (MR) from degenerative mitral disease in patients with coexisting coronary artery disease, the appropriate surgical strategy remains controversial. Methods From 1985 to 2011, 1,071 adults (age 70 ± 9.3 years, 77% men) underwent combined coronary artery bypass grafting and either mitral valve repair (n = 872, 81%) or replacement (n=199, 19%) for degenerative MR. Propensity matching (177 patient pairs, 89% of possible matches) was used to compare early outcomes and time-related recurrence of MR after mitral valve repair, mitral valve reoperation, and mortality. Risk factors for death were identified with multivariable, multiphase hazard-function analysis. Results Patients undergoing valve replacement were older, with more valve calcification and a higher prevalence of preoperative atrial fibrillation and heart failure (all p p = .0001) and more postoperative renal failure (7.0% vs 3.2%, p = .01), reexplorations for bleeding (6.0% vs 3.1%, p = .05), and respiratory failure (14% vs 4.7%, p Conclusions In patients with coexisting degenerative mitral valve and coronary artery diseases, mitral valve repair is expected to confer a long-term survival advantage over replacement despite some recurrence of MR. When feasible, it is the procedure of choice for these patients.
An energy-dependent numerical model for the condensation probability, ?j

Abstract The “condensation” probability, ? j , is an important variable in the preequilibrium stage of nuclear spallation reactions. It represents the probability that p j excited nucleons (excitons) will “condense” to form complex particle type j in the excited residual nucleus. It has a significant impact on the emission width, or probability of emitting fragment type j from the residual nucleus. Previous formulations for ? j were energy-independent and valid for fragments up to 4He only. This paper explores the formulation of a new model for ? j , one which is energy-dependent and valid for up to 28Mg, and which provides improved fits compared to experimental fragment spectra.
Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of CuSbS2 for Thin-Film Photovoltaics.

Copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS2) has been gaining traction as an earth-abundant absorber for thin-film photovoltaics given its near ideal band gap for solar energy conversion (∼1.5 eV), large absorption coefficient (>104 cm–1), and elemental abundance. Through careful in situ analysis of the deposition conditions, a low-temperature route to CuSbS2 thin films via atomic layer deposition has been developed. After a short (15 min) postprocess anneal at 225 °C, the ALD-grown CuSbS2 films were crystalline with micron-sized grains, exhibited a band gap of 1.6 eV and an absorption coefficient >104 cm–1, as well as a hole concentration of 1015 cm–3. Finally, the ALD-grown CuSbS2 films were paired with ALD-grown TiO2 to form a photovoltaic device. This photovoltaic device architecture represents one of a very limited number of Cd-free CuSbS2 PV device stacks reported to date, and it is the first to demonstrate an open-circuit voltage on par with CuSbS2/CdS heterojunction PV devices. While far from optimized, this ...
Utility of supplemental screening with breast ultrasound in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue who are not at high risk for breast cancer.

Objective: To assess the results of an initial round of supplemental screening with hand-held bilateral breast ultrasound following a negative screening mammogram in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue who are not at high risk for breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant, Institutional Research Board approved study was performed at a single academic tertiary breast center. Informed consent was waived. A systematic review of the breast imaging center database was conducted to identify and retrieve data for all asymptomatic women, who were found to have heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breast tissue on screening bilateral mammograms performed from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2012 and who received a mammographic final assessment American College of Radiology's (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category 1 or BI-RADS category 2. Hand-held screening ultrasound was performed initially by a technologist followed by a radiologist. Chi-square and t -test were used and statistical significance was considered at P Results: A total of 1210 women were identified. Of these, 394 underwent the offered supplemental screening ultrasound. BI-RADS category 1 or 2 was assigned to 323 women (81.9%). BI-RADS category 3 was assigned to 50 women (12.9%). A total of 26 biopsies/aspirations were recommended and performed in 26 women (6.6%). The most common finding for which biopsy was recommended was a solid mass (88.5%) with an average size of 0.9 cm (0.5–1.7 cm). Most frequent pathology result was fibroadenoma (60.8%). No carcinoma was found. Conclusion: Our data support the reported occurrence of a relatively high number of false positives at supplemental screening with breast ultrasound following a negative screening mammogram in asymptomatic women with dense breast tissue, who are not at a high risk of developing breast cancer, and suggests that caution is necessary in establishing wide implementation of this type of supplemental screening for all women with dense breast tissue without considering other risk factors for breast cancer.
Compendium of current single event effects results from NASA goddard space flight center and NASA electronic parts and packaging program

We present the results of single event effects (SEE) testing and analysis investigating the effects of radiation on electronics. This paper is a summary of test results.
“Miscommunication” and Undergraduate Women’s Conceptualizations of Sexual Assault: A Qualitative Analysis:

Approximately 60% of legally defined rape victims do not label their experiences as "rape," most of whom label the experience as "a serious miscommunication." However, little research has examined why women choose this label. Labeling rape as a miscommunication could be problematic if chosen due to stereotypical conceptions that one's experience is not "real" rape. The present study used a mixed-methodological approach to understand why women might refer to rape as a "miscommunication," and how their reasons for labeling might differ from those who label their experiences and those who are nonlabeled (i.e., unequivocally state that they were "not victimized"). Participants included 123 undergraduate women who experienced rape. Participants responded to how they labeled rape and answered questions regarding assault characteristics, disclosure, reporting, and self- and perpetrator blame. Chi-square analyses assessed labeling group differences. Responses to an open-ended question about factors contributing to their labeling decision were content analyzed. Whereas miscommunication-labeled and nonlabeled victims reported similar assault characteristics in the quantitative analyses, qualitative content analyses revealed varying reasons for labeling rape as miscommunication, not victimization, and rape. Over three quarters of miscommunication-labeled victims reported that one or more of the following factors influenced their labeling: victim and perpetrator substance use, sexual activity prior to the rape, and perceptions that one did not express nonconsent strongly enough and that the perpetrator "did not realize" their lack of desire. Whereas miscommunication-labeled and nonlabeled victims reported similar assault characteristics, the extent to which those assault characteristics affected their labeling differed. Those who labeled their experiences as miscommunication gave reasons for their label that centered on factors which reflect inconsistencies between their experiences and "stereotypical rape." Misperceptions of rape can be addressed via prevention programming and clinical work.
External validation of a 5-year survival prediction model after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Abstract Objective The benefit of prophylactic repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) is based on the risk of rupture exceeding the risk of death from other comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to validate a 5-year survival prediction model for patients undergoing elective repair of asymptomatic AAA Methods All patients undergoing elective repair for asymptomatic AAA Results The VSGNE derivation group consisted of 2367 patients (70% endovascular). Major factors associated with survival in the derivation group were age, coronary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal function, and antiplatelet and statin medication use. Our validation group consisted of 1038 patients (59% endovascular). The validation group was slightly older (74 vs 72 years; P .05 indicating goodness of fit). Conclusions Across different populations of patients, assessment of age and level of cardiac, pulmonary, and renal disease can accurately predict 5-year survival in patients with AAA
Openness to experience and creativity: When does global citizenship matter?

The relationship between the openness to experience trait (OTE) and creativity has been well documented in previous research. Likewise, the global citizenship construct has theoretical overlap with both OTE and creativity. We hypothesised global citizenship would make a unique contribution to explaining variance in five types of creativity (self/everyday, scholarly, performance, mechanical/scientific and artistic), above and beyond the contribution of OTE. Participants were predominantly female, European American, traditionally aged college students (N = 407). Global citizenship prosocial outcomes explained unique variance in self/everyday (sr2 = .10), scholarly (sr2 = .03) and mechanical/scientific (sr2 = .03) creativity. Results are discussed in terms of dual processes theories of cognition.
Woodrow Wilson, the Great War, and the Fourth Estate

College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 2017, 420 pp.By James D. StarttWoodrow Wilson's presidency was formative both to the political history of the United States and to its journalism. As pr...
Signal Detection Theory Analysis of Type 1 and Type 2 Data: Meta-d′, Response-Specific Meta-d′, and the Unequal Variance SDT Model

Previously we have proposed a signal detection theory (SDT) methodology for measuring metacognitive sensitivity (Maniscalco and Lau, Conscious Cogn 21:422–430, 2012). Our SDT measure, meta-d′, provides a response-bias free measure of how well confidence ratings track task accuracy. Here we provide an overview of standard SDT and an extended formal treatment of meta-d′. However, whereas meta-d′ characterizes an observer’s sensitivity in tracking overall accuracy, it may sometimes be of interest to assess metacognition for a particular kind of behavioral response. For instance, in a perceptual detection task, we may wish to characterize metacognition separately for reports of stimulus presence and absence. Here we discuss the methodology for computing such a “response-specific” meta-d′ and provide corresponding Matlab code. This approach potentially offers an alternative explanation for data that are typically taken to support the unequal variance SDT (UV-SDT) model. We demonstrate that simulated data generated from UV-SDT can be well fit by an equal variance SDT model positing different metacognitive ability for each kind of behavioral response, and likewise that data generated by the latter model can be captured by UV-SDT. This ambiguity entails that caution is needed in interpreting the processes underlying relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve properties. Type 1 ROC curves generated by combining type 1 and type 2 judgments, traditionally interpreted in terms of low-level processes (UV), can potentially be interpreted in terms of high-level processes instead (response-specific metacognition). Similarly, differences in area under response-specific type 2 ROC curves may reflect the influence of low-level processes (UV) rather than high-level metacognitive processes.
Ligneous conjunctivitis: biochemical evidence for hypofibrinolysis.

Ligneous conjunctivitis (LC) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by the growth of "woody" plaques on ocular and extraocular mucosa. These lesions are comprised of fibrin and both direct and indirect evidence implicates hypofibrinolysis as the primary defect in LC. To further elucidate the pathophysiology of LC we investigated the biochemical aspects of ligneous lesions with respect to the fibrinolytic system. Ligneous lesions were obtained from the right eye of a 15 year-old female patient with longstanding LC since age 2.5 year. Ligneous conjunctivitis in this patient has exhibited a chronic recurrent coarse and has involved multiple muscosal sites. Samples analyzed included an abundant mucoid thread from the conjunctival fornix and the ligneous plaque attached to the inferior tarsus. Samples were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to characterize protein profiles and by a variety of zymographic methods to visualize fibrinolytic enzymes. We found that mucoid and ligneous samples were distinct entities. Specifically, ligneous samples contained polypeptides with electrophoretic profiles characteristic of intact fibrin, and were replete in fibrin-bound tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Despite the presence of ample t-PA, ligneous samples were essentially devoid of fibrinolytic activity. In contrast, neither proteins nor t-PA could be detected in mucoid samples when fractionated by 7.5–15% SDS-PAGE or analyzed by fibrin zymography, respectively. Despite the absence of t-PA, mucoid samples were replete in fibrinolytic activity. This activity was plasminogen independent, heterogenous and inhibited by PMSF. Degradation profiles suggested that this activity represented in part α-chymotrypsin, consistent with this patient's treatment regime, as well as plasmin, elastase and an unidentified neutrophil-derived activity. Interestingly, ligneous samples contained both latent and activated forms of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), whereas mucoid samples contained predominantly activated forms of MMP-9. LC is characterized by defective fibrinolysis, despite the presence of ample t-PA and intact fibrin, and by an abundant mucoid thread which binds both endogenous and exogenous enzymes including serine protease(s) and collagenase(s). The implications of these results with respect to a role for exuberant mucus production or abnormal mucins in the development of a relative mucosal-site specific plasmin(ogen) deficiency is discussed.
Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection With Reverse Seroconversion Following Umbilical Cord Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in a Hepatitis-B-Immune Patient: A Case Report

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with prior exposure to HBV and protective levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) is a rare phenomenon and is termed reverse seroconversion. We describe a case of reactivation of HBV infection following reverse seroconversion in a patient who underwent umbilical cord allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (UHCT). The patient developed acute hepatitis with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA in the context of prior strongly positive HBsAb. The patient was treated with oral tenofovir and liver function tests returned to normal 3 months later. Long-term monitoring for HBV reactivation should be considered in patients with prior exposure to HBV undergoing UHCT regardless of HBsAb status.
The neural development of prosocial behavior from childhood to adolescence.

The transition from childhood to adolescence is marked by increasingly sophisticated social cognitive abilities that are paralleled by significant functional maturation of the brain. However, the role of social and neurobiological development in facilitating age differences in prosocial behavior remains unclear. Using a cross-sectional sample of children and adolescents (n = 51; 8-16 years), we examined the age-related correlates of prosocial behavior. Youth made costly and non-costly prosocial decisions to anonymous peers during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Among a subsample of youth who made prosocial decisions (n = 35), we found quadratic age differences in neural activation that peaked in early adolescence relative to childhood and older adolescence. In particular, early adolescents showed heightened recruitment of the posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS), temporal pole and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) when engaging in costly prosocial behavior at the expense of gaining a reward, whereas they evoked heightened pSTS and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/IFG activation when engaging in costly vs non-costly forms of prosocial behavior. Given that we did not find age differences in prosocial behavior, this suggests that early adolescents show unique patterns of brain activation to inform similar levels of prosocial behavior.
Football hooliganism, the death drive and Millwall fandom as symbolic masochism

Despite their reputation for violence and hooligan behaviour, south-east London’s Millwall football club has sustained a strong fan base thanks significantly to the siege mentality that has developed around its supporters. This siege mentality is fuelled largely by the antipathy of wider society; by undertaking a Freudian analysis of Millwall fandom as it was during the zenith of the club’s notoriety in the 1970s and 1980s, it is possible to view this collective persecution complex as a manifestation internalized masochism described in the philosopher’s ‘death drive’ theory. Combined with a Lacanian interpretation of the death drive, it is possible to perceive Millwall fandom as a form of symbolic masochism, explaining to some degree the continued support for a team treated in a consistently pejorative manner.
Social Entrepreneurship and Social Movement Learning: A Reflective Account of the History of the TPSS Food Cooperative:

The ProblemNumerous generational and satisfaction surveys for the past several years have consistently highlighted that millennials want meaningful work and make a contribution to society. Unfortun...
Further Progress for Patients with Breast Cancer.

Substantial progress has been made over the past 50 years in the evaluation and treatment of patients with breast cancer, leading to a nearly 40% decrease in mortality from this disease and associa...
Implementation of a dissonance-based, eating disorder prevention program in Southern, all-female high schools

Abstract Adolescence represents a high-risk period for eating disorder development, and there is great need for effective prevention programs targeted at this population. The Body Project, a dissonance-based eating disorder prevention program, has robust literature showing reductions in body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms. However, many additional factors (i.e., comorbid symptoms, transdiagnostic factors) have not yet been examined in relation to the Body Project. Additionally, there is little known about how to most effectively and broadly disseminate this intervention. The current study (N = 332 adolescents) examines eating disorder symptoms, comorbidities, and transdiagnostic risk factors pre- and post-Body Project and at 1-month follow-up. This study is the first examination of the effectiveness of the Body Project implemented within school programming in southern, all-female high schools. Social appearance anxiety, physical and social anxiety sensitivity, rumination, worry, perfectionism, and guilt, but not depression, cognitive anxiety sensitivity, shame, or exercise dependence, decreased pre- to post-intervention and/or 1-month follow-up. These results support the effectiveness of the Body Project in addressing eating disorder symptoms and suggest it may aid in the prevention of comorbid conditions. Additionally, the effectiveness of the intervention was comparable to past investigations, supporting its use in schools across the United States.
A 763 pW 230 pJ/Conversion Fully Integrated CMOS Temperature-to-Digital Converter With +0.81 °C/−0.75 °C Inaccuracy

A sub-nW fully integrated temperature sensor is presented that digitizes temperature via a capacitive charging time feedback loop controlled by a least significant bit (LSB)-first algorithm. Specifically, an ultra-low-power current reference generator charges two metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors $C_{\mathrm{ top}}$ and $C_{\mathrm{ bot}}$ , generating $V_{\mathrm{ ramp,top}}$ and $V_{\mathrm{ ramp,bot}}$ which are then compared to a constant with temperature (CWT) voltage and a proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage, respectively. Temperature is then digitized by matching the charging time between the $V_{\mathrm{ ramp,top}}$ and $V_{\mathrm{ ramp,bot}}$ via feedback tuning of $C_{\mathrm{ top}}$ driven by an energy-efficient digital processing unit (DPU) for direct ultra-low-power digital readout. The design is fabricated in 65 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor, and measurement from 12 samples reveals a maximum temperature error of +1.61 °C/−1.53 °C (+0.86 °C/−0.83 °C) and +0.81 °C/−0.75 °C when operating from 0 °C to 100 °C after two-point (three-point) calibration without and with trimming, respectively. Operating from a 0.5 V supply, the 12 samples consumed an average power of 763 pW at 20 °C, which after a 0.3 s conversion time results in 230 pJ/conversion.
Charge-Free Mixing Entropy Battery Enabled by Low-Cost Electrode Materials.

Salinity gradients are a vast and untapped energy resource. For every cubic meter of freshwater that mixes with seawater, approximately 0.65 kW h of theoretically recoverable energy is lost. For co...
56. PROGRAM DIRECTOR MINIMUM MILESTONE EXPECTATIONS OF PEDIATRIC RESIDENTS BEFORE READY TO SUPERVISE OTHERS AND BEFORE GRADUATION

Background In 2013, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) began requiring program directors (PDs) to report Milestone levels for every resident semiannually. Our prior 2015 survey found that few PDs had minimum Milestone level expectations before residents are ready to supervise (20%) or ready to graduate (20%). Objective Characterize present day model for pediatric PD minimum Milestone expectations for residents before being ready to supervise and graduate. Methods Cross-sectional survey in Spring 2018 of pediatric PDs on their program Milestone expectations before residents are ready to supervise and graduate. At programs with no established Milestone expectations, PDs indicated expectations they considered for use in their program. Descriptive analyses were used to explore PD minimum expectations by level of training. Results Response rate was 46.2% (93/201). Few programs have minimum Milestone levels before residents are ready to supervise (22.6%; 21/93) or graduate (36.6%; 34/93). Minimum expectations before a resident was ready to supervise were highest for trustworthiness (Prof5), professional conduct (Prof3), professionalization (Prof2), transfer of care (PC3), organize and prioritize (PC2), humanism (Prof1), and help-seeking (Prof4), where most PDs felt that Level 2.5 was the minimum expectation. PD expectations for supervising residents were lowest for learning activities (PBLI2) and advocacy (SBP2), where the majority of PDs felt that there was no minimum or that Level 1 was sufficient. Minimum expectations for graduates were highest for diagnostic/therapeutic decisions (PC4), develop management plans (PC5), gather information (PC1), organize and prioritize (PC2), professionalization (Prof2), and trustworthiness (Prof5), where >70% of PDs felt that Level 3.0 was the minimum (Figure). PD expectations for graduating residents were lowest for quality improvement (PBLI3), advocacy, learning activities, and evidence-based medicine (MK), where >40% of PDs felt that Level 2.5 was the minimum. Conclusions Five years after the ACGME required Milestone reporting, only a minority of PDs have established minimum Milestones before residents are ready to supervise or ready to graduate. However, more PDs have minimum Milestone levels before residents are ready to graduate than in 2015 (36.6% vs 20%) and PDs recognize the relative importance of different competencies in establishing readiness to supervise and readiness to graduate.
Online Data Quality Learning for Quality-Aware Crowdsensing

Crowdsensing has found a variety of applications (e.g., spectrum sensing, environmental monitoring) by leveraging the "wisdom" of a potentially large crowd of mobile users as "workers". The value of data collected in crowdsensing heavily depends on the quality of data provided by the workers participating in a crowdsensing task. In general, the quality of data varies for different workers. To fully exploit the potential of crowdsensing, it is important for the crowdsensing requester to know workers’ data quality, based on which the requester allocates tasks to workers and aggregates data from workers. Such quality-aware crowdsensing can greatly improve the value and usefulness of data in crowdsensing. However, the quality of workers’ data is often unknown to the requester (due to, e.g., workers’ characteristics are unknown). In this paper, under a dynamic multi-task crowdsensing framework, we devise an online data quality learning algorithm that learns the data quality of workers from their data on the fly, while making use of the learned quality information to perform task allocation and data aggregation. Compared to prior online learning algorithms (such as those for the multi-armed bandit problems), our algorithm needs to overcome the challenge that the ground truth of the interested variable is unknown. We show that under some mild conditions, our algorithm converges to the offline optimal strategy over time, and have a regret in the order of O(logt) compared to the offline optimal strategy. We provide bounds on the regret for both the requester’s utility and cost, and for both the simple average rule and the weighted average rule. We demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm using simulation results.
Inertial effects of nematic liquid crystals

The inertial effect of liquid crystals (LCs) in living organisms has been speculated about previously.1 More recently, LC-director-associated soliton propagation in nematic LCs has been observed under mechanical excitation,2·3 However, quantitative results on the inertial moment of the LC director have not been reported. In this paper, theoretical analysis and experimental results on the inertial effects of LC directors are presented. The Inertia- induced overshoot time was observed and characterized. This overshoot time is found to depend on the LC thickness, applied voltage, and temperature. From the voltage-dependent overshoot time measurements, the inertial moment of the LC directors Is determined for the first time to our knowledge.
Estimating the Throwing Power of SS316 when Coupled with AA7075 Through Finite Element Modeling

Galvanic corrosion is common in applications involving a fastener and panel assembly. Often, the fastener is made from a more noble metal and the panel is made from a less noble metal, selected for...
Forum on Morphosyntax Assessment and Intervention for Children

Purpose This forum consists of articles that address the need for and approaches to assessment and treatment of morphology and syntax in children. Drawing on papers submitted by diverse laboratories working with multiple populations, this forum includes several articles describing different approaches to treatment, guidelines for goal setting, and assessment methods. Populations described include monolingual and bilingual children who speak English, Dutch, and Spanish, who use oral language and/or augmentative and alternative communication to communicate. Conclusion The current tools available to support traditional grammar therapy are changing and increasing. An emphasis on manualized treatments, treatments that include drill and explicit instruction, and assessment and treatment tools for a variety of populations across a wide age span are included here. Further work is needed to fully develop these promising tools and approaches for the most effective use.
Image-Guided Endoscopy

Unlike other widely used diagnostic and interventional techniques, endoscopy has a long history which has been characterized by continued improvements in utility and capability. Moving from simple tubes inserted in various natural orifices, through methods to light the distal anatomy, improving optical access with lenses, developing flexible structures, and then employing video, fiber optics, and solid state video cameras, endoscopy has developed in parallel with modern technology for almost two centuries. Here we discuss recent progress in augmenting endoscopy using visual guidance from 3D models based on pre-procedure images.
True Serum Sickness, Pearls for Clinical Diagnosis

Background: True serum sickness is a type 3 hypersensitivity reaction against foreign antibodies, resulting in vasculitis and an acute clinical presentation. Historically reported with anti-venin, currently anti-thymocyte globulin in the context of transplant rejection prophylaxis remains one of the most common causes. The classic clinical triad of fevers, arthralgias, and rash is not consistently present, and the rash is often difficult to distinguish from typical drug reactions. However, certain unique findings can assist with diagnosis. Case Presentation: We present a case of true serum sickness secondary to anti-thymocyte globulin featuring key exam and laboratory findings that enabled differentiation from other possible overlapping clinical entities, particularly drug reactions. Conclusions: Marked temporomandibular jaw pain is an important early clue to the diagnosis. Linear serpiginous erythema along the plantar margin may be a specific feature when rash is present. To our knowledge, neither have been reported in similar clinical entities including serum-sickness-like reaction. Serum complement levels and direct immunofluorescence (if skin biopsy done) are useful for distinguishing true serum sickness from primary differentials serum sickness-like reaction and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.
INT Based Network-Aware Task Scheduling for Edge Computing

Edge computing promises low-latency computation for delay sensitive applications by processing data close to its source. Task scheduling in edge computing is however not immune to performance fluctuations as dynamic and unpredictable nature of network traffic can adversely affect the data transfer performance between end devices and edge servers. In this paper, we leverage In-band Network Telemetry (INT) to gather fine-grained, temporal statistics about network conditions and incorporate network-awareness into task scheduling for edge computing. Unlike legacy network monitoring techniques that collect port-level or flow-level statistics at the order of tens of seconds, INT offers highly accurate network visibility by capturing network telemetry at packet-level granularity, thereby presenting a unique opportunity to detect network congestion precisely. Our experimental analysis using various workload types and network congestion scenarios reveal that enhancing task scheduling of edge computing with high-precision network telemetry can lead up to 40% reduction in data transfer times and up to 30% reduction in total task execution times by favoring edge servers in uncongested (or mildly congested) sections of network when scheduling tasks.
Virus-Targeted Transcriptomic Analyses Implicate Ranaviral Interaction with Host Interferon Response in Frog Virus 3-infected Frog Tissues

Ranaviruses (Iridoviridae), including Frog Virus 3 (FV3), are large dsDNA viruses that cause devastating infections globally in amphibians, fish, and reptiles, and contribute to catastrophic amphibian declines. FV3's large genome (~105 kb) contains at least 98 putative open reading frames (ORFs) as annotated in its reference genome. Previous studies have classified these coding genes into temporal classes as immediate early, delayed early, and late viral transcripts based on their sequential expression during FV3 infection. To establish a high-throughput characterization of ranaviral gene expression at the genome scale, we performed a whole transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq) using total RNA samples containing both viral and cellular transcripts from FV3-infected Xenopus laevis adult tissues using two FV3 strains, a wild type (FV3-WT) and an ORF64R-deleted recombinant (FV3-∆64R). In samples from the infected intestine, liver, spleen, lung, and especially kidney, an FV3-targeted transcriptomic analysis mapped reads spanning the full-genome coverage at ~10× depth on both positive and negative strands. By contrast, reads were only mapped to partial genomic regions in samples from the infected thymus, skin, and muscle. Extensive analyses validated the expression of almost all of the 98 annotated ORFs and profiled their differential expression in a tissue-, virus-, and temporal class-dependent manner. Further studies identified several putative ORFs that encode hypothetical proteins containing viral mimicking conserved domains found in host interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRFs) and IFN receptors. This study provides the first comprehensive genome-wide viral transcriptome profiling during infection and across multiple amphibian host tissues that will serve as an instrumental reference. Our findings imply that Ranaviruses like FV3 have acquired previously unknown molecular mimics, interfering with host IFN signaling during evolution.
Racial Disparities in Outcomes After Spine Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective Racial disparities are a major issue in health care but the overall extent of the issue in spinal surgery outcomes is unclear. We conducted a systematic review/meta-analysis of disparities in outcomes among patients belonging to different racial groups who had undergone surgery for degenerative spine disease. Methods We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Review Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to January 20, 2021 for relevant articles assessing outcomes after spine surgery stratified by race. We included studies that compared outcomes after spine surgery for degenerative disease among different racial groups. Results We found 30 studies that met our inclusion criteria (28 articles and 2 published abstracts). We included data from 20 cohort studies in our meta-analysis (3,501,830 patients), which were assessed to have a high risk of observation/selection bias. Black patients had a 55% higher risk of dying after spine surgery compared with white patients (relative risk [RR], 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.87; I2 = 70%). Similarly, black patients had a longer length of stay (mean difference, 0.93 days; 95% CI, 0.75–1.10; I2 = 73%), and higher risk of nonhome discharge (RR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.47–1.81; I2 = 89%), and 30-day readmission (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.03–2.04; I2 = 96%). No significant difference was noted in the pooled analyses for complication or reoperation rates. Conclusions Black patients have a significantly higher risk of unfavorable outcomes after spine surgery compared with white patients. Further work in understanding the reasons for these disparities will help develop strategies to narrow the gap among the racial groups.