cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Valproate-Induced Worsening of Seizures Clue to Underlying Diagnosis

The use of valproate sodium as an antiepileptic is not advised in children with an undiagnosed metabolic condition because of the increased risk of hepatotoxicity and encephalopathy. Here the authors describe a 2.5-year-old girl with a history of developmental delay, failure to thrive, and a seizure disorder whose seizures worsened after the introduction of valproate sodium. This led to a search for an underlying metabolic disorder, and after extensive investigations, a diagnosis of nonketotic hyperglycinemia was made. In this report, the authors discuss the metabolic conditions that can be worsened by valproate sodium. Valproate sodium interferes with the glycine cleavage enzyme synthesis in the mitochondria, hence increasing glycine levels. The increased glycine levels are responsible for worsening of the underlying metabolic condition and increased seizure frequency.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Patients With Acute Supra- and Infratentorial Strokes: A Prospective Study of 39 Patients

Background and Purpose Although recent studies suggest a high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with acute stroke, a systematic characterization of sleep-disordered breathing based on the severity and topography of stroke has not been performed. Methods We prospectively studied 39 noncomatose adult subjects (15 women, 24 men; mean age, 57 years) with a first acute stroke. Sleep history, cardiovascular risk factors, stroke severity as estimated by the Scandinavian Stroke Scale, and extent of stroke demonstrated on a computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain were assessed. Polysomnography was performed a mean of 10 days (range, 1 to 49 days) after stroke onset. Monitoring of breathing during wakefulness, non–rapid eye movement sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep included measurements of nasal/oral airflow, respiratory effort, and oxygen saturation. Results Breathing was abnormal during wakefulness in 7 (18%) subjects and during sleep in 26 (67%). Obstructive ...
Construction of an infectious pseudorabies virus recombinant expressing a glycoprotein gIII-β-galactosidase fusion protein

An infectious herpesvirus mutant has been constructed in which a major structural envelope glycoprotein gene was replaced by a hybrid gene encoding a novel fusion protein consisting of the N-terminus of the viral glycoprotein joined to Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (beta Gal). Specifically, we fused DNA encoding the first 157 amino acids of the structural glycoprotein gIII from pseudorabies virus strain Becker to the E. coli lacZ gene in a bacterial expression vector. The resulting hybrid gene was then used to replace the wild-type gIII gene in the virus by cotransfection of plasmid and viral DNA. The desired viral recombinants were identified by their inability to react with specific monoclonal antibodies that recognized only wild-type gIII protein. One such mutant virus, PRV-Z1, was chosen for further analysis. PRV-Z1 expressed a glycosylated gIII-beta Gal fusion protein after infection of PK15 cells. The fusion protein has no demonstrable beta Gal activity and, although glycosylated, remains sensitive to the enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, unlike the mature gIII gene product, indicating that the fusion protein was incompletely processed.
Quark masses using Barut-like mass formula

An extension of Barut's (1979) lepton mass formula to quark masses, using lepton-quark symmetry is applied to obtain the masses of the third and fourth generation quarks. The t-quark mass is found to be quite a bit smaller than present estimates.
Simple, Numerically Generated Orthogonal Coordinate System for Viscous Flow

ASIMPLE, numerically generated orthogonal coordinate system was developed1 and applied2 to inviscid bluntbody flow for a wide range of conditions. This orthogonal coordinate generator has been extended to viscous flows through the use of a highly stretched mesh and fourth-order differencing for the numerical determination of the metric coefficients. In the physical plane, the highly stretched mesh allows for resolution of the boundary layer near the body's surface, yet in the rectangular computational plane, the mesh is equally spaced. Since this equally spaced orthogonal mesh intersects the shock wave and body surface normally, both the finite differences and boundary conditions are simplified. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved using Stetter's threestep numerical technique3'4 for laminar viscous compressible supersonic flow over axisymmetric blunt bodies with varying degrees of bluntness, including reverse curvature. Results indicate that the coordinate system performed well and no problems were encountered in the coupling of the numerical coordinate generator with the fluid dynamic equations.
Transtelephonic electrocardiographic transmission for management of cardiac arrhythmias.

Brief periods of transtelephonic electrocardiographic transmission conducted at periodic intervals or during sporadic symptoms may provide an inexpensive and reliable alternative to extended ambulatory electrocardiographic tape recordings. Sixty-one patients were enrolled in a transtelephonic electrocardiographic transmission program. In 51 patients with documented arrhythmias (group I), telephone electrocardiographic transmissions were used to monitor antiarrhythmic drug therapy. In 10 patients, telephone electrocardiographic transmission was used in an attempt to diagnose infrequent symptoms suggestive of arrhythmia (group II). Of the 650 telephone electrocardiographic transmissions received, 73 (11%) revealed a clinically significant event, whereas 577 (89%) did not show any significant disturbances of cardiac rhythm. Of the 61 patients entered into the program, 29 (48%) had a clinically significant event identified during 1 or more transmissions. In group I, transtelephonic electrocardiographic transmission prompted a change in therapy in 37% of the patients. Of the 10 patients in group II, clinically significant events were noted during telephone electrocardiographic transmissions in each patient. Assuming a yield of 1 clinically significant event detected per 10 telephone electrocardiographic transmissions and a similar yield on long-term ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings, use of telephone electrocardiographic transmissions offers a cost-effective means of following patients with significant cardiac arrhythmias who are receiving potent antiarrhythmic drugs. In addition, telephone electrocardiographic transmission is a suitable diagnostic technique for patients with infrequent symptoms suggestive of cardiac arrhythmias.
The appearance of α-crystallin in relation to cell cycle phase in the embryonic mouse lens

Specific protein synthesis in the embryonic mouse lens was studied by immunofluorescence with antisera to adult mouse lens or crystallin fractions. Positive reactions were first detected in a few cells of the lens cup 18–24 hr after contact between optic vesicle and presumptive lens ectoderm had been established. During formation of the lens vesicle a rapidly increasing fraction of cells produced crystallins. At the time of detachment of the vesicle from the surface all cells of its posterior wall showed immunofluorescence. After fiber elongation became distinct cells of the anterior epithelium began to fluoresce and shortly afterwards the entire rudiment produced crystallins. The early reactions were due entirely to the presence of α-crystallin. Reactions were restricted to the lens. Thus, in the mouse as in other species crystallins were detectable by immunofluorescence in vivo only after lens morphogenesis was well underway and only in the lens rudiment itself. Cells first synthesizing crystallins always had an elongated shape and their nuclei were in a basal position. A few hours later mitotic cells displayed fluorescence. Taking into account earlier found relations between cell morphology and cell cycle phase, this indicates that α-crystallin is first demonstrable in the S-or early G-2 phase of the cell cycle, and that the start of its synthesis does not preclude continued cell replication. It is interesting that the cellular location, cell cycle phase, and developmental stage, in which crystallins first appear, are comparable in mouse and chick embryo. Yet, entirely different proteins are involved: α-crystallin in the first, δ-crystallin in the latter. Implications of this for our understanding of lens induction are discussed.
Pityrosporum species associated with dacryoliths: in obstructive dacryocystitis

Two dacryoliths removed from the obstructed and enlarged lacrimal sac of a 54 year-old female patient during dacryocystorhinostomy were found to contain the filamentous forms consistent with Pityrosporum oribulare. It does not seem that this fungus has been observed before in a dacryolith or in dacryocystitis.
Trichinella spiralis: role of different life cycle phases in induction, maintenance, and expression of rapid expulsion in rats.

Abstract The capacity of different phases of the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis to induce rapid expulsion was examined. The phases examined included enteral preadults, enteral adults, and parenteral larvae. All had the ability to induce rapid expulsion although there were significant quantitative differences in their inductive capacity and in the kinetics of expression. Immunization with preadults required only a 48-hr enteral exposure to 2000 worms to induce strong rapid expulsion. In contrast rats required a 14-day exposure to adult worms to elicit a comparable response. After immunization with adults the reaction was demonstrable for only 2 weeks. Parenteral larvae produced only a weak rapid expulsion reaction by themselves and this response did not develop until some 8 weeks after challenge. When immunization with the enteral phases (preadult and adult) was combined with exposure to parenteral larvae a strong and enduring rapid expulsion reaction was observed. Phase specificity was also observed in the susceptibility of worms to the rapid expulsion response. The preadult phases, from infectious larvae to worms of up to 2 days of age were highly susceptible. Older worms, from 3 to 4 days old were not susceptible to rapid expulsion and could invade and establish themselves in the primed intestine for at least a 48-hr period without apparent adverse effects.
On the relation of the cell discretization algorithm to the primal hybrid finite element method

We point out the connection between the cell discretization algorithm and the primal hybrid finite-element method. There is a very close relationship between these two non-conforming methods. In particular, an important result between Lagrange multipliers and normal derivatives obtains in both cases. Sample numerical evidence verifying this connection is presented for a simple two-dimensional elliptic problem.
Effective sphere for spheroid in light scattering

Abstract In the Eikonal approximation, a uniform dielectric spheroid in light scattering is shown to be equivalent to a sphere of particular radius and refractive index. Consequently, the widely-available Mie code for a sphere can be used to calculate the light scattering by a dielectric spheroid at large size-parameter. The method is tested numerically and shown to work well for a spheroid when its minimum radius of curvature is about the size of the wavelength of light or greater and for scattering angle up to 30°.
Current algebra and the pion mass in a gauge model

Current-algebraic techniques are used to reproduce and extend the results of a gauge model for the pion mass and the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ vector boson. A formula is obtained, giving ${{m}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{2}$ as an integral over spectral functions of certain SU(2) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} SU(2) currents, and valid to second order in the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ coupling constant and all orders in the strong coupling. The general mechanism for generating the pion mass seems to be extendable to a wide class of models.
Postprocessed time-delay interferometry for LISA

High-precision interpolation of LISA phase measurements allows signal reconstruction and formulation of time-delay interferometry (TDI) combinations to be conducted in postprocessing. The reconstruction is based on phase measurements made at approximately 10 Hz (for a 1 Hz signal bandwidth) at regular intervals independent of the TDI delay times. Interpolation introduces an error less than $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ with continuous data segments as short as 2 s in duration. The 10 Hz sampling rate represents an increase from the 2 Hz sampling rate needed for the original implementation of TDI. The advantages of this technique include increased flexibility of the data analysis and significantly simplified hardware.
The Effect of Parents’ Joint Work Schedules on Infants’ Behavior Over the First Two Years of Life: Evidence from the ECLSB

We test whether infants living with employed, co-resident parents where at least one parent works a non-standard work shift exhibit significantly more behavior problems than children whose parents both work traditional day shifts. We use a sample of infants living with employed, co-resident parents and two waves of data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey, Birth Cohort (ECLSB) to test whether infants' scores on the Infant-Toddler Symptom Checklist (ITSC) at the second wave (average age of 24.3 months) is affected by parents' shift work at the baseline (average age 10.3 months). Infants with at least one parent who works nonstandard hours have significantly more behavior problems than do infants with parents who both work regular day shifts. This relationship is partly accounted for by shift work's negative association with father-child interaction, marital quality, the frequency of shared family dinners, and parental health, including paternal depression. The results also indicate that shift work has larger effects on children's behavior when mothers, rather than fathers, work nonstandard shifts, and when mothers' day shifts regularly oppose fathers' evenings/night shifts. Policy should focus on giving individuals more choice in their work shift as well as more flexibility in when they start and stop working for the day. Given the importance of mediating factors, we should also focus on ameliorating the negative impacts of shift work when they do arise. This includes addressing issues of employee health and stress, and relationship conflict within couples where one or both partners work a non-standard shift.
Peacekeepers Fighting a Counterinsurgency Campaign: A Net Assessment of the African Union Mission in Somalia

In response to Somalia's decades-long political and humanitarian crises, the African Union has deployed a peace support operation known as the African Union Mission in Somalia. Tasked to help eliminate an ongoing insurgency, the mission has seen heavy combat as it fights to reclaim territory held by the al-Shabaab militant organization. This article applies the techniques of open source campaign analysis to assess the mission's prospects for long-term success. The prognosis is not good. Analysis reveals a range of vulnerabilities that threaten the deployment's core security objectives, suggesting that the optimism many have expressed for the mission is misplaced.
Bat Response to Woodland Restoration within Urban Forest Fragments

In urban environments, woodland areas are typically fragmented and subject to invasive species encroachment, woody overgrowth, and natural succession. In response to negative impacts, conservationists and land managers have implemented restoration strategies to enhance the integrity of woodlands. Because woodland habitat is important for bats (Order Chiroptera), alterations to forest structures may affect how bats utilize forest fragments in urban environments. We evaluated relationships among restoration efforts, microhabitat characteristics and overall bat activity, and interspecific variation among bats in response to woodland characteristics. We monitored bats in nine woodland forest preserves representing various stages of restoration within the Chicago metropolitan area in 2004 and 2005. Overall bat activity was positively related to prescribed burning, invasive species removal, and small tree density (7.7-20 cm dbh) and inversely related to shrub density and clutter at 0-6 m heights. There was interspecific variation in response to alterations in woodland structure, with Lasiurus borealis (L. borealis) positively associated with small and medium (20.1-33 cm) tree densities and inversely related to clutter at 0-9 m; Myotis spp. positively associated with canopy cover, clutter at 6-9 m, and small and medium tree densities; and Lasionycteris noctivagans (L. noctivagans) positively associated with more open forests. Eptesicus fuscus (E. fuscus) activity was not strongly associated with any measured vegetation variable. Our results demonstrate bats positively respond to some forms of woodland restoration in urban landscapes. However, species-specific responses to vegetation differed and should be taken into consideration when developing management plans.
Anatomy of an Amyloidogenic Intermediate: Conversion of β-Sheet to α-Sheet Structure in Transthyretin at Acidic pH

The homotetramer of transthyretin (TTR) dissociates into a monomeric amyloidogenic intermediate that self-assembles into amyloid fibrils at low pH. We have performed molecular dynamics simulations of monomeric TTR at neutral and low pH at physiological (310 K) and very elevated temperature (498 K). In the low-pH simulations at both temperatures, one of the two beta-sheets (strands CBEF) becomes disrupted, and alpha-sheet structure forms in the other sheet (strands DAGH). alpha-sheet is formed by alternating alphaL and alphaR residues, and it was first proposed by Pauling and Corey. Overall, the simulations are in agreement with the available experimental observations, including solid-state NMR results for a TTR-peptide amyloid. In addition, they provide a unique explanation for the results of hydrogen exchange experiments of the amyloidogenic intermediate-results that are difficult to explain with beta-structure. We propose that alpha-sheet may represent a key pathological conformation during amyloidogenesis.
Optimization in statistics: an overview

This note presents a brief overview of the applications of optimization techniques in statistics. Optimizing techniques are broadly classified as classical, variational, numerical, and mathematical programming. A brief discussion of their applications to statistics is given, and a few references are provided for illustrative purposes.
Study of ICA algorithm for separation of mixed images

The image data can be Gaussian or non-Gaussian or both. If the data is Gaussian then the extraction and processing of image data becomes computationally less complex. Due to this reason many existing techniques like factor analysis, Principle Component analysis, Gabor wavelets etc. assume the data to be Gaussian and processing involves only second order moments such as mean and variance. But if the data is non-Gaussian, then the extraction and processing of image data becomes computationally more complex as it involves higher order moments like kurtosis and a new measure of non-Gaussianity known as negentropy. In this paper a recently developed technique, known as Independent Component Analysis, is applied to image data and detailed analysis is done for step wise output of the algorithm. In the context of adaptive Neural Network, ICA method tries to train the non-Gaussianity instead of assuming the data to be Gaussian.
The circular glide dislocation loop lying in an interface

Abstract The elastic fields of a circular glide dislocation loop lying in the interface separating two isotropic solids are obtained. It is shown that the interface transmits normal tractions in the form of a Dirac delta function. A unified formulation which permits direct calculation for the energy of a variety of interface dislocation configurations is presented. The energy of a loop segment from which the energy of any shape loop may be obtained through integration is derived. Such integration is carried out for a circular loop and comparisons are made with straight dislocations. The force due to line tension is also given, with certain intricacies pointed out.
Evaluation of stationary phases for the separation of buckminsterfullerenes by high-performance liquid chromatography

Abstract The high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of the buckminsterfullerenes C 60 and C 70 was studied using different chromatographic systems. Normal-phase (silica), non-aqueous reversed-phase (C 18 -bonded silica and graphitized carbon black) and charge-transfer complexation with dinitrobenzoylphenylglycine (DNBPG) and 2-(2,4,5,7-tetranitro-9-fluorenylideneaminooxy)propionic acid (TAPA) were considered as retention mechanisms. Mobile phases of different compositions, but all based on hydrocarbons (toluene, hexane, heptane) as the main solvent, were used. Although it was found that the adsorption of the fullerenes on all the other phase systems is exothermic, their interactions with the charge-transfer phases exhibit an unusual endothermic behavior. The retention times of C 60 and C 70 on these phases increase with increasing temperature. The adsorption enthalpy and entropy derived from the Van 't Hoff plots confirm this rare temperature dependence. The adsorption enthalpy is positive whereas the adsorption entropy is strongly positive.
Models for ferrous cytochrome b5: sign inversions in the magnetic circular dichroism spectra of bis-imidazole ferrous porphyrin systems

Abstract The magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectrum of bis-imidazole ferrous tetraphenylporphyrin in the Soret region is nearly the mirror image of the spectrum of ferrous cytochrome b 5 , a bis-imidazole (histidine)-ligated hemoprotein. Based on previous MCD studies of model and protein heme systems, a sign inversion in the spectra of two heme chromophores having essentially the same coordination structure is unexpected. To investigate whether the nature of the porphyrin itself could account for the observed spectral discrepancy, two additional model complexes, bis-imidazole ferrous protoporphyrin IX dimethylester and bis-imidazole ferrous octaethylporphyrin, whose peripheral porphyrin substituent patterns more closely match that of the protein- bound porphyrin, have been prepared and their MCD spectra measured. In these cases, the band pattern of the ferrous protein in the Soret region is successfully reproduced. It therefore appears that the anomalous MCD spectrum of the tetraphenylporphyrin complex can be attributed to the nature and positioning of the peripheral substituents on the porphyrin ring. Although iron tetraphenylporphyrin complexes are frequently used as models for protoporphyrin- containing hemoproteins, one should be aware that such differences in the peripheral porphyrin substituents may significantly affect the spectral properties of the model complex.
Calculating the optimum pressure and temperature for vacancy minimization from theory: Niobium is an example

Abstract Self-resonance in the atomic vibration occurs when the average wavelength of the phonon thermal vibration is equivalent or harmonic of the diameters of the atoms. It is suggested that applying pressure at temperature corresponding to the self-resonance should effectively reduce the number of vacancies. This theoretical prediction is tested on Niobium by measuring the magnetic susceptibility of the untreated and treated samples. The applied pressure–temperature treatment increased the critical temperature of Niobium by about 30%.
Part family formation based on alternative routes during machine failure

Abstract A number of research papers have used different types of similarity/dissimilarity coefficients for determining part families. In cellular manufacturing systems, most machines are capable of performing more than one operation, which makes parts rerouting feasible. When a part is rerouted, it affects the cell performance. Most of the suggested approaches in the literature develop a new similarity coefficient based on mathematical analysis, however, these methods tend to disregard alternative routes during machine failure. The main objective of this paper is to identify part families based on a new similarity coefficient which considers the number of alternative routes available during machine failure. Based on the new similarity coefficient, the part families were identified by using p-median model.
Progress in power system engineering for commercial buildings

The Edison Electric Institute ? National Electrical Manufacturers Association standard nominal system voltage designation of the higher voltage system referred to in this paper is 480 wye/277 volts. The maximum system voltage is 480 wye/277 and the average utilization voltage will be more nearly 460 wye/265 volts. To be consistent with the lower class designation, such as 208 wye/120 volts which is an average utilization voltage, some utilities have selected 460 wye/265 volts as a nominal system voltage designation. Whether the higher voltage system is called 480 wye/277 or 460 wye/265 volts, it is precisely the same system and has the same voltage spread.
Smart algorithms for correcting pixel clusters in imaging applications

This paper introduces certain innovative algorithms to mask pixel defects in image sensors. Pixel defectivity rates scale with pixel architecture and process nodes. Smaller pixel and process nodes introduce more defects in manufacturing. Brief introduction to causes for pixel defectivity at lower pixel nodes is explained. Later in the paper, popular defect correction schemes used in image processing applications are discussed. A new approach for defect correction is presented and evaluated using images captured from an 8M Bayer image sensor. Experimentation for threshold evaluation is done and presented with practical results for better optimization of proposed algorithms. Experimental data shows that proposed defect corrections preserves a lot of edge details and corrects for bright and hot pixels/clusters, which are evaluated using histogram analysis.
Arts and Leisure Activities in the St. Louis Region

Using their own 1978 survey of metropolitan St. Louis, Crowther and Kahn show that different age, race, and educational attainment segments of the sample have approximately the same patterns of interest, participation, and enjoyment in leisure activities. They then describe the leisure activities of three types of fine arts actives.
Geach on Generalization

Il y a des objections plausibles contre une approche substitutionnelle de la generalisation, dont certaines peuvent etre contrees par un appel a une version de l'approche substitutionnelle qui a ete proposee par Peter Geach il y a presque quarante ans. Il n'est pas clair que la conception substitutionnelle de Geach vaille pour tous les phenomenes de generalisation, mais on s'emploie ici a montrer que c'est une conception qui est tout a fait digne de consideration et qu'elle donne bel et bien lieu a une comprehension correcte de la generalisation pour un eventail important de cas.
Molecular mapping of k2 Mdh1-n y20, an unstable chromosomal region in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

In the soybean genome, a chromosomal region covering three tightly linked genes, k2, Mdh1-n, and y20, was found very unstable. It was suspected that the instability of the k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region was caused by a non-autonomous transposable element residing adjacent to or in this region. In this study, we located and mapped this region with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers on the soybean integrated map using five mapping populations. The k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region was located on molecular linkage group H. The integrated map from five mapping populations consisted of 13 loci in the order Satt541, Satt469, Sat_122, Satt279, Satt253, Satt314, Mdh1-n,y20, k2, Satt302, Satt142, Satt181, and Satt434. The k2 Mdh1-n y20 chromosomal region was very close to Satt314, Satt253, and Satt279. The genetic distance between the Mdh1-n gene and Satt314 was less than 1 cM. The results of the mapping study were consistent with the results from previous studies that the Mdh1-n mutation in T261 (k2 Mdh1-n) and the Mdh1-n y20 mutation in T317 (Mdh1-n y20) were caused by deletions. In addition, another putative deletion was found in the genome of T261 which covered three SSR markers (Satt314, Satt253, and Satt279).
Behavioral similarity, confederate strategy, and sex composition of dyad as determinants of interpersonal judgments and behavior in the prisoner's dilemma game

Abstract The study was designed to test three distinct theoretical models relating player's attitudes toward a confederate in the prisoner's dilemma game: a reinforcing outcome model, a cultural norm model, and a social comparison model. A secondary concern of the study was to determine if player's sex, confederate's sex, and the confederate's strategy interactively influence player's choice behavior. Forty-eight male and forty-eight female subjects played 100 trials of the prisoner's dilemma game with a confederate who played either a 74% cooperative or 74% competitive predetermined strategy and then filled out the Interpersonal Judgment Scale rating the confederate. Behaviorally similar confederates received more positive evaluations than dissimilar confederates supporting the social comparison hypothesis. Further, the strategy of the confederate did not influence choice behavior in mixed-sex dyads, suggesting that sex roles may inhibit behaviorally based male-female interaction. The generality of previous gaming research which has dealt almost exclusively with same-sex dyads is called into question.
Modulation of MutS ATP Hydrolysis by DNA Cofactors

Escherichia coli MutS protein, which is required for mismatch repair, has a slow ATPase activity that obeys Michalelis−Menten kinetics. At 37 °C, the steady-state turnover rate for ATP hydrolysis is 1.0 ± 0.3 min-1 per monomer equivalent with a Km of 33 ± 6 μM. Hydrolysis is competitively inhibited by the ATP analogues AMPPNP and ATPγS, with Ki values of 4 μM in both cases, and by ADP with a Ki of 40 μM. The rate of ATP hydrolysis is stimulated 2−5-fold by short hetero- and homoduplex DNAs. The concentration of DNA cofactor that yields half-maximal stimulation is lowest for oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes that contain a mismatched base pair. Pre-steady-state chemical quench analysis has demonstrated a substoichiometric initial burst of ADP formation by free MutS that is governed by a rate constant of 78 min-1, indicating that the rate-limiting step for the steady-state reaction occurs after hydrolysis. Prebinding of MutS to homoduplex DNA does not alter the burst kinetics or amplitude but only increases the...
The Fatty-Acid Composition of Glyceride Fractions Separated from Milk Fat

Summary 1.Milk fat, separated into five different fractions by precipitation from a solvent at low temperatures, was analyzed by the ester-fractionation method to determine the amount and distribution of the individual fatty-acids. 2.The amounts of each fatty acid present in each fraction and in the milk fat have been determined. These values, together with corresponding weight and mol percentages, are presented. 3.When the values for the composition of the original milk fat are compared with those obtained by reconstructing milk fat from the increments of the individual fatty acids contained in the fractions, an excellent agreement is observed. These data also compare favorably with those reported by others. 4.The occurrence of small quantities of individual fatty acids is detected 5.with more reliability from the fractions than from the complex entire fat.
Failure of non-conventional composite pipes — an experimental and numerical approach

This paper discusses an experimental and numerical study to investigate the failure behavior of innovative and newly designed non-conventional cross-sectional fiber reinforced composite pipes subjected to internal pressure and bending loads. An adaptive filament winder for non-conventional pipes is exclusively designed and built to fabricate the test samples used in this investigation. Experiments are conducted on triangular and rectangular cross-sectioned samples as per ASTM standards to find the internal burst pressure, bending strength, and failure modes of the pipes. Numerical analysis for the pipe loading process has been developed based on the finite element method for linear orthotropic conditions for composite pipes. The finite element analysis is used to build the model and predict the stresses imposed on the non-conventional pipes. The relationships between the applied internal pressure and peak circumferential stress, bending load, and bending strength with reference to the fillet radius are de...
A note on first-order formalism and odd-derivative actions

In this pedagogical note, we discuss obstacles to the usual Palatini formulations of gauge and gravity theories in the presence of odd-derivative order, Chern–Simons terms.
Some Observations On Telecourse Research and Practice

This review of the literature focuses on distance learning. It devotes particular attention to the telecourse and the role two-way communication plays in distance learning effectiveness. It is concluded that a broad theoretical framework that can be applied to distance learning is both lacking and needed. Suggestions for needed research are discussed.
Effects of solar wind dynamic pressure on the ionospheric O+ fluence during the 31 August 2005 storm

[1] The Multifluid-Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (MFLFM) global simulation model incorporating an ionospheric cusp O+ outflow model based on an empirical relation between downward DC Poynting flux and O+ outflow flux regulated by the precipitating electron number flux (Fen) is used to simulate the 31 August 2005 storm. A baseline run incorporating the original solar wind data is contrasted against a case where the solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) is artificially adjusted to see what effects this variable has on the O+ fluence generated in the model. Consistent with data, it is found that both the fluence and O+ outflow flux have a positive correlation with the solar wind dynamic pressure. Additionally, changes in Pdyn affect the downward Poynting flux only marginally and regulates both outflow flux and cusp outflow area via Fen. Increases in Pdyn lead to increased cusp electron precipitation, which has the physical effect of enhancing the upwelling O+ population available for outflow.
The effects of suctioning techniques on the distal tracheal mucosa in intubated low birth weight infants

Microscopic pathology of the distal trachea at autopsy was retrospectively reviewed in 51 low birth weight infants (less than 1250 g). Twenty-six patients from 1977 who had nasal and/or orotracheal intubation and who underwent suctioning with uncontrolled deep suctioning technique were compared to 25 patients from 1980 who had orotracheal intubation with suctioning to the tube tip only. Clinical diagnoses, duration of intubation and number of intubations were correlated to degree of distal tracheal injury: absent (normal epithelium), mild (focal epithelial loss), moderate (diffuse epithelial loss/some inflammation), or severe (submucosal ulceration/squamous metaplasia). From 1977 to 1980 the mortality rate, mean gestational age and mean birth weight all decreased by 20% (P less than 0.05), 1.1 week (P less than 0.05) and 118 g (P less than 0.01) in both autopsied and non-autopsied infants. In 1977, 15 of 26 autopsies (58%) revealed mild (6), moderate (5) or severe (4) pathology. The mean duration of intubation was 71.3, 11.8, and 265 h. respectively. No history of intubation was obtained in two patients with mild injury. No significant tracheal pathology was seen in 11 patients (42%) in 1977. In 1980, fewer patients, 10 of 24 autopsies (42%), revealed mild (3), moderate (4) or severe (3) pathology. The mean duration of intubation was 19.3, 318.3 and 1391.3 h, respectively. One patient with no history of intubation had mild tracheal injury. No significant tracheal pathology was seen in 15 patients (58%) in 1980. The diagnoses of hyaline membrane disease, anemia, hyperbilirubinemia and coagulation disorder were seen more frequently in patients with moderate and severe tracheal pathology both in 1977 and 1980. Despite factors which should lead to greater tracheal injury--longer duration of intubation, lower birth weights and younger gestational age--less tracheal injury was seen in infants undergoing careful suctioning techniques. Clinical implications for the low birth weight neonate are discussed.
A Direct Test of Friedman's Permanent Income Theory

Abstract After reviewing Friedman's time series model, this article presents a test of whether or not permanent consumption and transitory income are correlated. We conclude utilizing essentially the same data series and the same measure of permanent income as Friedman that a significant positive correlation exists between these variables as well as between permanent and transitory income.
The renin-angiotensin system and right ventricular structure and function: The MESA-Right Ventricle Study

AbstractThe pulmonary vasculature is an important site of renin-angiotensin metabolism. While angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (collectively AIABs) have a role in left ventricular (LV) disease, the impact of AIABs on right ventricular (RV) function is unknown. AIAB use was determined by medication inventory during the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis baseline examination. RV measures were obtained via cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The relationship between AIAB use and RV measures was assessed using multivariable linear regression, stratified by race/ethnicity, and adjusted for multiple covariates. AIAB use was associated with lower RV mass (−0.7 g, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.3 to −0.1, P=0.03) in African Americans (N=1012) after adjustment for multiple covariates including LV mass. Among Caucasians (N=1591), AIAB use was associated with larger RV end-diastolic volume (3.7 mL, 95% CI 0.7–6.8, P=0.02) after adjustment for LV volume. No significant...
Evaluation of Volume Holographic Images Obtained Through an Endoscope for in-vivo Medical Applications

We present a process of evaluating images from volume holographic imaging (VHI) systems. In particular, a VHI endoscope is evaluated and a set of image processing and analysis techniques suitable for clinical environments is discussed.
Comparative Ecology of Two Beetles Established in Hawaii: An Anthribid, Araecerus Levipennis, and a Bruchid, Mimosestes Sallaei

The 2 species of beetles used in this research are well suited for ecological comparisons. They occur together in areas generally undisturbed by human activity. The beetles are similar in that only one grub can develop in each seed of their leguminous hosts, but they differ with respect to their competitors and parasites. Finally, measurements of beetle density per pod can be made quite readily. The anthribid, Araecerus levipennis Jordan, is an Oriental species which became established in Hawaii during 1954 (Ford and Chilson 1955). The principal host of A. levipennis in Hawaii is koa hole, Leucaena glauca (L.) Benth., but it can also develop in the seeds of 2 other legumes, native koa, Acacia koa Gray, and kolomona haole, Cassia glauca Lam. Both koa haole and kolomona haole are Neotropical in origin. A. levipennis has been the subject of a comprehensive investigation by Sherman and Tamashiro (1956). The bruchid, Mimosestes sallaei (Sharp), is native to the Neotropical Region and the southern portions of the Nearctic Region. In 1918, it was found in Hawaii where its main hosts are 2 Neotropical legumes, klu, Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., and kiawe, Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz (Bridwell 1919). Some observations on the bioniomics and mortality of M. sallaei have been made by Cushman (1911), Bridwell (1920), and Hinckley (1960).
A SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC APPROACH TO SUICIDE RISK IN BORDERLINE CLIENTS

One of the most difficult clinical challenges facing social workers today is suicidal behavior in clients with borderline personality disorder. This article reviews the various types of suicidal behavior exhibited by these clients, including self-destructive behavior and overt suicide attempts. Management of these behaviors is essential if treatment is to be successful. Frameworks are offered for understanding and managing both kinds of behavior.
Simulation and predicted performance of the Balcones GEDI experiment

The guided electromagnetic defense interceptor (GEDI) railgun launcher system is powered by six Balcones homopolar generators (BHPG), each of which stores 10 MJ in kinetic energy. Each BHPG is connected to a coaxial inductor which stores about half of the BHPG's energy when charged to 1.2 MA. Six two-stage opening switches open in sequence or simultaneously after current peak, directing the current to the railgun armature. As much as 7.2 MA can be delivered to the railgun. A computer simulation code is developed to perform design parameter studies, sensitivity studies, and to predict GEDI system behaviors. The code is general enough for analyzing any railgun driven by multi-HPG inductors coupled with two-stage opening switches. A Gear type, multistep algorithm is used to overcome stiffness of the differential system caused by the way the switches are modeled. GEDI system performances are predicted with the code based on most updated component parameters.
Elastic Scattering of 50-MeV pi+ from C-12

Results for the elastic scattering of 50-MeV ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ on $^{12}\mathrm{C}$ are presented. Contrary to experience at energies above 100 MeV, simple optical models (with parameters derived from $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}N$ phase shifts) give poor fits to the data. Forcing good fits yields potentials that are pion producing or in violation of unitarity. We conclude that improved optical potentials will be required to describe low-energy data.
Mapping epitopic regions of cholera toxin B-subunit protein.

Abstract Continuous overlapping synthetic hexapeptides representing the entire 103 amino acid sequence of the immunodominant B-subunit protein of cholera enterotoxin were used to examine reactivities of a variety of antisera in attempts to detect and define sequence-related (continuous) antigenic regions. The validity of the methods was established by the reactions of polyclonal antisera raised against longer synthetic peptides with appropriate synthetic hexapeptides. An unexpected cross-reaction is attributed to the presence of three identical amino acids (Gln16-Ile17-His18)—although in different order (Gln56-His57-Ile58)—in two parts of the B-subunit chain. Adsorption studies using polyclonal rabbit antisera revealed that, in many instances, denatured B-subunit protein more effectively removed reactivity with hexapeptides than did the native protein. Native holotoxin was more effective than native B-subunit. Sera from human cholera convalescents gave diffuse patterns of reactivity with synthetic hexapeptides—primarily against regions of reactive hexapeptides rather than with clearly defined continuous epitopes. Among many epitopic regions encountered, a strongly reactive tetramer, Ser-Gln-His-Ile (SQHI), was discovered in a highly conserved region, residues 55–58, of the B-subunit amino acid sequence. Adsorption studies revealed that this epitope is apparently exposed on the surface of the native protein. Amino acid substitution revealed the essentiality of Gln and His residues to this epitope. Gly54 was not part of the epitope but substitution of acidic residues Glu and Asp for Gly eliminated reactivity with antibody. The results suggest that continuous epitopes may contribute to the antigenicity of the native toxin protein and may be potentially useful for development of a peptide vaccine.
The intravenous fluorescein test: Use in timing of groin flap division

Successful division or delay of the arterial groin flap requires an accurate prediction of viability. The fluorescein dye test is an objective test to determine the earliest possible time a pedicle can be divided. It is an easy, quick, and comfortable test that can be repeated many times without injuring or altering the flap. It consists of an intravenous injection of fluorescein while the pedicle is temporarily and reversibly occluded. All areas with adequate revascularization fluoresce under ultraviolet light. In three groin flaps intended for hand resurfacing, interval fluorescence testing was the sole criterion for successful pedicle division. In an experimental neurovascular island skin flap in the rat, the validity of the fluorescein test was confirmed. In the clinical situation and in the experimental model, fluorescence is an accurate indicator of groin flap revascularization and a predictor for the timing of safe and early groin flap division.
Gas-phase NMR studies of alcohols. Intrinsic acidities

Abstract Gas-phase (≈100 Torr) 1H NMR spectra of eighteen simple aliphatic and unsaturated alcohols, four fluorinated alcohols, and two thiols were obtained at 148.6°C where hydrogen bonding has little effect on chemical shifts. For the methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, i-propanol, t-butanol, i- butanol, neopentanol, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and benzyl alcohol, the observed hydroxylic proton chemical shifts correlate with previously obtained relative gas-phase acidities from thermochemical analysis which employed equilibrium constants of proton transfer reactions measured via mass spectroscopic and ion cyclotron resonance techniques. The correlational dependence is 10.3(0.5) kcal/mol ppm with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. These results demonstrate that the trend of increasing acidity with increasing size of the alkyl substituent is also reflected in the neutral forms of the alcohols, indicating that the polarizability of the ionic forms is not the only determining factor in relative gas-phase acidities of alcohols. Although factors affecting the hydroxylic proton chemical shifts of the larger substituted and unsaturated alcohols are more complex, their observed 1H NMR spectra also reflect this trend. For methanol and ethanol observed gas-phase 1H chemical shifts are also compared with recent theoritical calculations. 3JHH coupling constants across CO bonds are ≈ 5.5 Hz, significantly smaller than typical 3JHH coupling across sp3 hybrid CC bonds.
SWORD: scalable and flexible workload generator for distributed data processing systems

Workload generation is commonly employed for performance characterization, testing and benchmarking of computer systems and networks. Workload generation typically aims at simulating or emulating traffic generated by different types of applications, protocols and activities, such as web browsing, email, chat, as well as stream multimedia traffic. We present a Scalable WORkloaD generator (SWORD) that we have developed for the testing and benchmarking of high-volume data processing systems. The tool is not only scalable but is also flexible and extensible allowing the generation of workload of a variety of types of applications and of contents.
The Spatio-Temporal Intermittency of the Velocity Field in Low-Resolution Large-Eddy Simulations of Homogeneous Turbulence

It is shown how large-eddy simulations, by means of the eddy-viscosity parameterization of the dissipative scales, can be used to reproduce the statistical properties of low and moderate resolution numerical simulations of 3-D homogeneous turbulence [1, 2, 3]. The simulations also indicate how the intermittency of fully developed homogeneous turbulent flows has an important time-dependent component. A comparison with a direct (2103) numerical simulation confirms the existence of the temporal component of the intermittency and indicates the negligible influence of the specific dissipative model.