cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxidized Porous Silicon Moisture Sensors for Evaluation of Microelectronic Packaging

Accurate moisture measurements in microelectronic assemblies are crucial in assessing reliability of integrated circuits (ICs). We describe the fabrication and use of a silicon-based device for evaluation of moisture barrier coatings. The capacitive moisture sensors use oxidized porous silicon (OPS) as the sensing element. Porous silicon (PS) is formed by anodization of silicon in hydrofluroic acid (HF). Oxidation of PS in oxygen produces OPS, which is also porous if an appropriate starting microstructure and oxidation treatment are selected. Metallization layers on the OPS and the wafer back complete the capacitor structure. The capacitance of OPS sensors is functionally related to the moisture content of the surrounding atmosphere. For example, the capacitance of one sensor changed from 4 nF/cm{sup 2} when exposed to a moisture level of 300 ppm (by volume) to 36 nF/cm{sup 2} at 10,000 ppm. In addition to this excellent sensitivity, capacitor response to step changes in moisture is rapid and reversible. The sensors are also rugged, as demonstrated by their consistent performance during accelerated testing at 85% relative humidity and 140{degrees}C. A silicon nitride IC moisture barrier coating was deposited on sensors of this type after normal ceramic dual in-line packaging. Sensor operability after coating deposition wasmore » confirmed following intentional introduction of a pinhole into the moisture barrier coating. 11 refs., 3 figs.« less
Structure of glassy fast ion conductors: differential anomalous X-ray scattering study of AgGeSe glass using synchrotron radiation

The structure of a melt-quenched glass of composition Ag0.25Ge0.19Se0.56 has been investigated using differential anomalous X-ray scattering. The difference distribution functions have been obtained around all three glass components. The results show that Ge is tetrahedrally coordinated by Se, as it is in GexSe1−x(x ⩽ 0.33) glasses. Under the assumption that few SeSe bonds exist, the coordination of Ag by Se is four to five. Some evidence suggests that short AgAg distances from 3.1–3.5 A are present, as they are in the compound Ag8GeSe6. General principles of the (network former)-(network modifier) model apply to the short-range order of this glass.
Relationship of infantile periocular hemangioma depth to growth and regression pattern.

Purpose Most infantile periocular hemangiomas undergo rapid growth in the first year of life, followed by gradual resolution over years. Treatment is indicated if vision is compromised and is usually continued through the growth phase. The objective of this study was to determine which clinical characteristics might aid in the prediction of growth and/or regression patterns of periocular hemangiomas. Methods Retrospective review of medical records and photographs of children with periocular hemangiomas presenting to a UK pediatric eye unit over a 7-year period. Age at presentation, growth pattern, size, location, amblyopia, and refractive status were documented. Results Forty-two infants with periocular hemangiomas were evaluated between 2000 and 2007, with a mean follow-up of 24 months (range, 6 months to 5 years). One-third (n = 14, 33%) of the hemangiomas were superficial (strawberry nevi); one-third were subcutaneous (n = 13, 31%), and the remainder were mixed (n = 8, 19%) and orbital (n = 7, 17%). There was a marked difference between the growth patterns of superficial (strawberry nevi) and deeper hemangiomas (orbital and subcutaneous), with a more prolonged period of growth noted in the deeper hemangiomas. Conclusions Periocular hemangiomas with a deep component tend to have a later onset and prolonged period of growth compared to strawberry nevi. Clinically evident depth of the hemangioma appears to be a valuable predictor of rapidity of resolution. This finding may be useful in assessing prognosis and planning treatment of infantile periocular hemangiomas.
Intracerebral hemorrhage after pipeline embolization: Management of antiplatelet agents and the case for point-of-care testing—Case reports and review of literature

The pipeline embolization device (PED) has emerged as a highly efficient treatment modality for a wide range of intracranial aneurysms [3–5,10,14,17–19,27]. In contrast to conventional endovascular techniques, the PED provides a more physiologic approach in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms through a combination of flow diversion and endoluminal vessel reconstruction. The PED has been shown to be safe and effective in several large recent studies [1,10,14,15,18,19,24,28]. One concern with PED therapy, however, is the risk of distal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) [8]. This poorly understood complication occurs not uncommonly following flow diversion (1–2% of the cases) and its management is difficult since complete reversal of antiplatelet agents could result in stent thrombosis while continuing the antiplatelet agents could facilitate hemorrhage expansion. At our institution, we have recently implemented a new protocol for management of patients taking clopidogrel who present with spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage and a low P2Y12 reaction units value (PRU). This protocol is used to guide platelet transfusion and antiplatelet therapy in these patients. Specifically,
752-3 Evaluation of Regional Myocardial Perfusion in Early Pacing-induced Left Ventricular Dysfunction Using Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography

Sustained rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing has been used to induce congestive heart failure, but whether regional myocardial perfusion contributes to the development of myocardial dysfunction is unknown. Therefore, we examined 4 pigs before and sequentially during sustained rapid LV pacing (225 bpm) from the at posterolateral epicardium. We performed myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with left atrial injection of an investigational galactose contrast agent prior to pacing and daily for 4 days after onset of pacing. Pacemakers were inactivated for 60 min prior to data acquisition. The ratio of peak intensity after injection and baseline intensity of region of interest (peak intensity ratio) was measured at 8 segments (Fig) in the short axis view at the tip of papillary muscle using video intensitometry. Percent wall thickening (%WTh) in the interventricular septum (IVS) and posterolateral wall (PLW) were assessed by M-mode echo. Over the 4 days of pacing, the peak intensity ratio progressively decreased in the PLW [region 4 (p l 0.01), 5 (p l 0.001),6 (p l 0.05)] but did not decrease in other regions. Significant regional-specific changes were observed between region 4 vs 8 (p l 0.0002). and region 5 vs 8 (p l 0.0001). Similarly, %WTh in the PLW progressively decreased (p l 0.0001) but was unchanged in the IVS. Conclusion These data suggest that sustained rapid LV pacing produces regional myocardial dysfunction in the initial development of LV failure. Myocardial contrast echocardiography suggests that relative hypoperfusion may contribute to regional myocardial dysfunction in this model. Download : Download high-res image (107KB) Download : Download full-size image
Solubilization and reconstitution of an anion-sensitive H+-ATPase from corn roots

The distribution of corn root microsomal ATPase activity on continuous sucrose gradients was nearly identical to that of membrane vesicles capable of ATP-dependent H+ transport when assayed in the presence of 20 μm vanadate, 3mm azide, 5mm MgSO4 and 50mm LiCl. These assay conditions were used to monitor solubilization of an anion-sensitive H+-ATPase from a purified membrane fraction (20–30% (wt/wt) sucrose interface) believed to be derived from tonoplast membranes.
Rapid development of a measurement and control system for the Advanced Free-Electron Laser

Abstract The experimental physics and industrial control system (EPICS) is being used to develop a measurement and control system for the advanced free-electron laser (AFEL) at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. EPICS is an integrated system of applications development tools and a distributed run time environment that supports an inout-output database, a graphical operator interface, sequential control through “state” definition, data archiving, data analysis, and fault management. It is very advantageous in terms of both time and system integrity to be able to perform much of the control system development before the actual hardware for the AFEL is in place. Using the EPICS applications tools, we are developing prototype measurements and controls that can be directly transferred to the AFEL during installation and commissioning. This is possible due primarily to three aspects of EPICS. First, we can easily model physical systems with the state notation language. Second, we can simulate input and output channels with “soft” database channels, which are created using the database configuration tool. Third, we can easily build and modify operator interface screens with the display editor.
Psychometric Properties of a Proposed Short Form of the BASC Teacher Rating Scale–Preschool:

A 25 item short form of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children (BASC) Teacher Rating Scale–Preschool (TRS-P) was developed by the BASC authors to serve as an emotional/behavioral indicator f...
Back-reaction calculation of quantum fields in curved spacetime with arbitrary curvature coupling.

A scheme for solving the semiclassical back-reaction equations for free quantum fields in curved spacetime is proposed. The quantum fields can have arbitrary masses and arbitrary couplings to the curvature. All back-reaction effects including vacuum polarizations can be taken into account. The scheme has been applied successfully to the reheating calculations of the Starobinsky-type inflationary models. The damping of the oscillation in curvature and the reheating of the Universe are seen explicitly.
In situ atomic force microscopy analysis of morphology and particle size changes in lithium iron phosphate cathode during discharge

Li-ion batteries offer great promise for future plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and pure electric vehicles (EVs). One of the challenges is to improve the cycle life of Li-ion batteries which requires detailed understanding of the aging phenomenon. In situ techniques are especially valuable to understand aging since it allows monitoring the physical and chemical changes in real time. In this study, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) is utilized to study the changes in morphology and particle size of LiFePO4 cathode during discharge. The guidelines for in situ AFM cell design for accurate and reliable measurements based on different designs are presented. The effect of working electrode to counter electrode surface area ratio on cycling data of an in situ cell is also discussed. Analysis of the surface area change in LiFePO4 particles when the cell was cycled between 100% and 70% state of charge is presented. Among four particles analyzed, surface area increase of particles during Li intercalation of LiFePO4 spanned from 1.8% to 14.3% indicating the inhomogeneous nature of the cathode surface.
Syphilis and blood donors: what we know, what we do not know, and what we need to know.

The lack of transfusion-transmitted syphilis in the Untied States in the past 30 years has led us to question the rationale for continued syphilis testing of blood donors. In addition, the significance of a confirmed positive syphilis test result in a blood donor is not clear. The following 2 questions have been raised: (1) Are we detecting any truly infectious donors? and (2) If not, what is the significance of a confirmed positive test for syphilis in contemporary blood donors? This review will summarize what is and what is not known about syphilis testing in blood donors and will discuss the need for further research to answer these questions.
Strong coupling between optomechanical resonators

We demonstrate strong coupling between two stacked micro-optomechanical silicon nitride disks. The induced frequency splitting almost spans a full free-spectral range. Mechanical oscillations excited by repulsive/attractive gradient forces modulate the coupling modulation at several MHz.
Waste heat energy harvesting using the Olsen cycle on 0:945Pb.Zn 1=3 Nb 2=3 /O 3 - 0:055PbTiO 3 single crystals

This paper reports on direct thermal to electrical energy conversion by performing the Olsen (or Ericsson) cycle on [001]-poled 0:945PbZn1=3Nb2=3O3‐0:055PbTiO3 (PZN-5.5PT) single crystals. The cycle consists of two isothermal and two constant electric field processes. The energy density was found to decrease with increasing cycle frequency while the power density increased. The maximum energy density obtained was 150 J=l=cycle for temperatures between 100 and 190 C and electric field between 0 and 1:2 MV m 1 at frequency 0.034 Hz. The maximum power density reached 11:7 W l 1 at 0.1 Hz for temperatures between 100 and 190 C and electric fields between 0.2 and 1:5 MV m 1 . Moreover, the dielectric constant and saturation polarization of PZN-5.5PT are reported for the first time at 0.1 Hz for temperatures between 100 and 190 C. Finally, the experimental results agree relatively well with predictions by a recently developed temperature-dependent property model already validated with PMN-32PT. Inter-sample variability and sample durability are also discussed. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Control of Grape Berry Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Relation to Oviposition Phenology

We monitored the phenology of oviposition by grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in grape (Vitis spp.) vineyards, to determine the optimal timing for control of this pest. Egg deposition was monitored throughout the growing season by visually inspecting grape clusters twice weekly and counting the number of eggs. Male moths were captured on pheromone-baited traps during the same period. Two main periods of egg deposition were detected in all farms and years: the first period in June-July and the second period during August. These episodes of concentrated oviposition were separated by a brief period of low intensity but continuous oviposition. The proportion of eggs laid during the first peak ranged from 9 to 35% of all eggs laid throughout the monitoring period at each site, whereas eggs laid during the second peak ranged from 43 to 78% of all eggs laid. From 49 to 99% of male moths were captured before or during the first peak in oviposition. In field trials with varying application timing of methoxyfenozide targeting the postbloom oviposition, a single application of this selective insecticide at ≈700 degree-days, or ≈12% of cumulative season-long oviposition, provided significant control of grape berry moth comparable with two applications of methoxyfenozide or a three-spray program with broad-spectrum insecticides. Use of predicted oviposition phenology and selective insecticides with long residual activity can improve protection of grapes against infestation by P. viteana.
Interpretation of Well Logs at Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field: ABSTRACT

The Cerro Prieto geothermal field is located 35 mi (56 km) south of Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. The subsurface geology of Cerro Prieto is typical of a deltaic depositional environment. Logging data from more than 70 wells have been analyzed. A comparison of the data derived from these logs with surface geophysics, mineralogic, and stratigraphic information leads to a model of subsurface fluid flow. Cross sections have been constructed using the values obtained from resistivity and density logs. The resistivity cross sections are consistent with the model derived from surface dipole-dipole resistivity measurements, lithology, production, and mineralogic characteristics. The density cross sections show good agreement with the location of a self-potential anomaly and the location of micro-earthquake hypocenters. Interpretation of these well logs leads to estimates of porosity, salinity, temperature, and permeability. High porosities are probably due to secondary dissolution. The salinity distribution shows that relatively fresh water extends from near the surface to depths of 4,000 to 5,000 ft (1,220 to 1,525 m) in the eastern part of the field and to shallower depths in the western part. Water of higher salinity underlies the fresh water. Permeability has been hard to estimate because of conflicting evidence from the well logs. In the proposed model of hydrothermal flow, hot brines enter End_Page 575------------------------------ the field at 5,000 ft (1,525 m) or more at the eastern part of the field and flow upward and westward through the field. End_of_Article - Last_Page 576------------
de Haas–van Alphen effect in anisotropic superconductor well below Hc2

Abstract We study a semi-classical approach to the determination of the oscillatory magnetization of an anisotropic superconductor in a magnetic field. The field is such that the spacing d between flux tubes is large compared to the coherence length ξ0 and is small compared to the penetration depth. The low temperature de Haas van Alphen effect is enhanced by the Dingle temperature being reduced by a factor of d/ξ0 for the case of line of zeros of the gap parameter. For point zeros a smaller effect is obtained.
A Study of Faculty Data Curation Behaviors and Attitudes at a Teaching-Centered University

Academic libraries need reliable information on researcher data needs, data curation practices, and attitudes to identify and craft appropriate services that support outreach and teaching. This paper describes information gathered from a survey distributed to the College of Science and Mathematics faculty at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly), a master’s-granting, teaching-centered institution. There was a more than 60 percent response rate to the survey. The survey results provided insight into the science researchers’ data curation awareness, behaviors, and attitudes, as well as what needs they exhibited for services and education regarding maintenance and management of data. It is important that professional librarians understand what researchers both inside and outside their own institutions know so that they can collaborate with their university colleagues to examine data curation needs.
Cold-capable, radiation-hardened SiGe BiCMOS wireline transceivers

Electronics in space-based systems are in the process of a paradigm shift moving from centralized, heavily shielded, temperature-controlled warm boxes to distributed, minimally shielded sensing and control nodes. SiGe BiCMOS technology is one of the enablers of this move with its ability to withstand extremely wide variations in temperature and high radiation doses. This article has presented two SiGe BiCMOS wireline transceivers designed to be a part of the new system perspective by creating a means of control and communication across vehicle-wide buses. Both the RS-485 and ISO 11898 transceivers have been shown to work robustly from 90 K to 390 K, with consistent rise/fall times, propagation delays, and output amplitudes. Additionally, the ISO 11898 transceiver is TID tolerant to 2 Mrad, and the transmitter is hardened to single-event effects.
Effects of structural nonlinearities on flutter characteristics of the CF-18 aircraft

The describing function method is used to analyze the flutter characteristics of the CF-18 aircraft with structural nonlinearities. The first nonlinearity studied is located at the CF-18 wing-fold hinge. From ground test data, this hinge can be represented by a bilinear spring. A flutter sensitivity study is carried out, which shows that when the hinge stiffness is reduced, divergent flutter involving the wing bending and torsion modes is replaced by limit-cycle flutter of the wing torsion and outer wing rotation modes. Another form of nonlinearity at the outboard leading-edge flap is also studied by treating it as a spring with free-play. Limit-cycle oscillations are possible only within a small range of velocities in the vicinity of its linear flutter velocity. The flutter modes remain unchanged and their frequencies are practically constant for hinge-stiffness values ranging from a few percent to its nominal value. Positive aileron angles are found to be more effective in alleviating limit-cycle flutter at the wing-fold than negative angles. Similar observations are made at the outboard leading-edge flap hinge where downward deflection of the aileron gives larger values of the preload and, hence, the equivalent stiffness than upward deflection.
Combined synthetic/CD strategy for the preparation and configurational assignments of model acyclic 1,3-polyols with a 1,2-diol terminal.

Acyclic 1,3-polyols or skipped polyols are widely distributed in nature. Particularly skipped 1,3-polyols with a terminal 1,2-diol group are present in numerous antifungal polyene macrolides in various masked forms.' Although over 200 polyene mac- rolides are known, the planar structures of only about 40 have been determined, while those for which the full stereochemistry has been elucidated is less than ten. No simple method exists for configurational assignments of the 1,3-polyols moieties; moreover, this class of compounds are difficult to crystallize. In order to develop a general chiroptical method for structure determination of acyclic 1,3-polyols, we have combined a divergent synthetic approach with CD to prepare all possible stereoisomers of 1,2,4-triols, 1,2,4,6-tetrols and 1,2,4,6,8-pentols. The current set of reference polyols should be useful for setting up reference CD libraries and for model studies leadmg to a general method for configurational assignment of acyclic polyols. This strategy can be used to synthesize further extended members of acyclic 1,3-polyols and mixed 1,2/1,3-polyols which can be used for structural investigations of polyene macrolides and related compounds. o 1995 Wiey-Liss, Inc.
Alveolar ridge width and height changes after orthodontic space opening in patients congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge in patients with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors. The width and height of the alveolar ridge were compared before and after opening space for an endosseous dental implant between the central incisor and canine. Pre- and post-treatment dental stone models of 31 patients (8 males, 23 females; mean age 15.1 ± 7.9 years pre-treatment, 17.6 ± 8 years post-treatment) with unilaterally or bilaterally, congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors were used in this study. Pre- and post-treatment measurements included: the space between the maxillary central incisor and canine, the depth of the labial concavity, and the width and height of the lateral incisor alveolar ridge. Two different techniques were used to measure the ridge width. Student's paired samples t-test was used to test for significance. The alveolar ridge underwent statistically significant width loss (Method 1: 4-8 per cent, Method 2: 13-15 per cent) during the course of orthodontic treatment. A 6-12 per cent loss in ridge height was also noted. The depth of the labial concavity between the maxillary central incisor and canine nearly doubled. There was a significant decrease in the width and height of the alveolar ridge in patients congenitally missing a maxillary lateral incisor who received orthodontic treatment to create space for an endosseous dental implant.
Emissivities of diffuse cavities: Isothermal and nonisothermal cones and cylinders

Local, hemispherical, effective emissivities and integrated cavity emissivities have been computed for isothermal and nonisothermal diffuse conical and cylindrical cavities having lids with circular apertures. The local emissivities of the walls increase rapidly with decreasing aperture diameter and are moderately insensitive to the value of the lid emissivity. The integrated emissivity increases or decreases with the distance of the detector from the cavity; the direction of the change depends upon the cavity geometry. For a nonisothermal cavity, the effective spectral emissivity changes substantially with both wavelength and cavity temperature; consequently, it is in general significantly different from the effective total emissivity.
Simultaneous correction for interscan patient motion and geometric distortions in echoplanar imaging.

A method is presented for simultaneous correction of linear geometric distortions and interscan patient motion in echoplanar imaging (EPI). The technique does not require the acquisition of specialized scans other than high-resolution magnetic resonance images. The method is based on a generalized surface-based coregistration algorithm, which accounts for a complete 3-dimensional affine transformation, i.e., rotations, translations, scaling, and shearing, between two volumetric image data sets. Any minimally distorted high-resolution scan may serve as a reference data set, to which the EPI data set is matched. The algorithmic accuracy was assessed using simulated data sets with known affine distortions. The deviation of the parameters determined by the coregistration program from the true values typically was 1% or less. Precise alignment of functional and anatomic information will be important for many future clinical applications.
An Examination of Optimism/Pessimism and Suicide Risk in Primary Care Patients: Does Belief in a Changeable Future Make a Difference?

An integrative model involving optimism/pes- simism and future orientation as predictors of suicide risk (viz., depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior) was tested in a sample of adult, primary care patients. Beyond the additive influence of the two predictors of suicide risk, optimism/pessimism and future orientation were also hypothesized to interact together to exacerbate suicide risk. Results indicated that optimism/pessimism was a robust predictor of suicide risk in adults. Future orientation was found to add significant incremental validity to the pre- diction of depressive symptoms, but not of suicidal behavior. Noteworthy, the optimism/pessimism 9 future orientation interaction was found to significantly augment the prediction of both depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior. Implications for therapeutic enhancement of future-oriented constructs in the treatment of suicidal individuals are discussed.
Impaired Endothelial Function in Transgenic Mice Expressing Both Human Renin and Human Angiotensinogen

Background and Purpose —Chronic hypertension is a risk factor for carotid vascular disease and stroke. Mechanisms that account for alterations in carotid and cerebral vascular function during hypertension are poorly defined and based almost exclusively on studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat, a model in which hypertension has an unknown etiology and in which the genetic background is dissimilar to the most commonly used normotensive control, the Wistar-Kyoto rat. Methods —In this study we examined vascular function in a defined model of hypertension, double transgenic mice that overexpress both human renin (R+) and human angiotensinogen (A+). We studied vessels in vitro from R+/A+ mice as well as nontransgenic (R−/A−) and single transgenic (R−/A+ or R+/A−) littermate controls. Results —After submaximal precontraction with U46619 or prostaglandin F2α, acetylcholine, which produces relaxation mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase, produced marked relaxation of carotid arteries in control mice but was impaired in R+/A+ mice. For example, 1 μmol/L acetylcholine relaxed the carotid artery by 79±4% versus 44±7% ( P <0.01) in control and R+/A+ mice, respectively. Impaired responses to acetylcholine in R+/A+ mice could be restored toward normal with indomethacin (10 μmol/L). In contrast, relaxation of the carotid artery in response to nitroprusside and papaverine was similar in R+/A+ mice and control mice. Conclusions —These findings indicate that acetylcholine-induced relaxation of carotid artery is impaired selectively in mice made hypertensive by expression of human renin and human angiotensinogen. The mechanism of this impairment may involve production of a cyclooxygenase-derived contracting factor.
Sex and drinking patterns: An old relationship revisited in a new way.

This paper investigates the nature of sex differences in drinking motives and behavior within a stratified random sample from the Champaign-Urbana community (N=385). Discriminant analysis is used to pinpoint which independent drinking variables differentiated most powerfully between the sexes, as well as to measure the importance of sex differences in drinking relative to age, student status, and marital status group differences. The findings indicate that despite some sex differences in drinking patterns, the drinking variables displayed their greatest discriminatory power on each of the other three demographic group variables. Compared to age, student status, or marital status differences, drinking differences between women and men appeared relatively minor. Throughout the paper the authors stress the utility of multivariate discriminant analysis for the investigation of group differences in sociological research.
A prototype notebook-based environment for computational tools

The Virtual Notebook Environment (ViNE) is a platform-independent, web-based interface designed to support a range of scientific activities across distributed, heterogeneous computing platforms. ViNE provides scientists with a web-based version of the common paper-based lab notebook, but in addition, it provides support for collaboration and management of computational experiments. Collaboration is supported with the web-based approach, which makes notebook material generally accessible and with a hierarchy of security mechanisms that screen that access. ViNE provides uniform, system-transparent access to data, tools, and programs throughout the scientist's computing infrastructure. Computational experiments can be launched from ViNE using a visual specification language. The scientist is freed from concerns about inter-tool connectivity, data distribution, or data management details. ViNE also provides support for dynamically linking analysis results back into the notebook content.In this paper we present the ViNE system architecture and a case study of its use in neuropsychology research at the University of Oregon. Our case study with the Brain Electrophysiology Laboratory (BEL) addresses their need for data security and management, collaborative support, and distributed analysis processes. The current version of ViNE is a prototype system being tested with this and other scientific applications.
Enzyme Inhibition VIII: Mode of Inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase Activity by Analogues, Isomers, and Related Alkaloids of Coralyne

Coralyne analogues, isomers, and related alkaloids were examined as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses in the presence of polyriboadenylic acid–oligodeoxythymidylic acid (Poly rA.oligo dT), polydeoxyadenylic acid–oligodeoxythymidylic acid (Poly dA.oligo dT), polyribocytidylic acid-oligodeoxyguanylic acid (Poly rC.oligo dG), activated calf thymus DNA, and 70S RNA template primers. The inhibition of the reverse transcriptase exhibited by analogues, isomers, and related alkaloids of coralyne was due to the interaction of the alkaloids with the template primers and was competitive. Furthermore, the addition of the alkaloids stopped instantly the DNA polymerization processes. Comparison of the inhibition of reverse transcriptase, antileukemic activities exhibited by the alkaloids, and the structure–activity relationships have been published elsewhere.
VLSI realizable high performance structures for real-time state-space filtering

Three possible VLSI implementations of real-time infinite impulse response (IIR) filters based on the state-space technique are described. The state-space representation is used to obtain a direct-form systolic array. For transformed state matrices, and advanced state-calculation array and a cascade-form of second-order structures are proposed. The advanced state-calculation array increases throughput and efficiency N+1 times at the expense of increased hardware (two times), as compared to the direct implementation. In cascade-form of second-order structures, each transformed section is implemented by parallel-processing elements This structure can result in high throughput and efficiency with less hardware. >
Localization of myo-inositol phosphate synthase (GmMIPS-1) during the early stages of soybean seed development

As a precursor to a large variety of compounds, myo-inositol is a central molecule required for cell metabolism and plant growth. The de novo synthesis of myo-inositol requires the activity of the enzyme D-myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS). MIPS cDNAs encoding one or more isoforms have been cloned from a number of species, nevertheless, little is known about the regulation of MIPS expression in developing seed. Seed-specific expression of a soybean isoform (GmMIPS-1) has been demonstrated, but tissue-specific localization during embryo development has not been reported. Using immunolocalization techniques, a specialized area of GmMIPS-1 expression was identified in the outer integumentary layer during early soybean seed development. In addition, localization data provided evidence that MIPS was associated with oxalate crystal idioblasts.
Informed consent, the value of trust, and hedons.

Sissela Bok's1 and Torbjorn Tannsjo's2 writings on trust and informed consent were sources of inspiration for my article.3 It is gratifying to have a chance to respond to their thoughtful comments. Bok concurs with my scepticism that the ‘trust-promotion argument for informed consent’ can successfully generate commonsense morality's full set of informed consent norms. But she finds that argument even more wanting, perhaps so wanting as to be unworthy of critical attention. What she seems to find particularly objectionable is the fact that the argument treats all social trust as valuable. For Bok, misplaced trust in health practitioners who are deceitful or violate patients’ other rights lacks any value whatsoever. There isn't even a pro tanto duty (a defeasible presumption) in favour of promoting it. My own inclination is to say that nearly all trust has some social value, if only thanks to its tendency to promote social stability (which Bok seems to dismiss) or its tendency to promote medical adherence (the value of which she may have to acknowledge). But often, trust also tends to generate bad outcomes, and in many cases of misplaced trust, that tendency will make its value negative on balance. Still, in my view, …
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Profile of Blood-Brain Barrier Injury in Patients With Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with blood–brain barrier (BBB) injury, which is a poorly understood factor in ICH pathogenesis, potentially contributing to edema formation and perihematomal tissue injury. We aimed to assess and quantify BBB permeability following human spontaneous ICH using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI). We also investigated whether hematoma size or location affected the amount of BBB leakage. Methods and Results Twenty-five prospectively enrolled patients from the Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI in Spontaneous intracerebral Hemorrhage (DASH) study were examined using DCE MRI at 1 week after symptom onset. Contrast agent dynamics in the brain tissue and general tracer kinetic modeling were used to estimate the forward leakage rate (Ktrans) in regions of interest (ROI) in and surrounding the hematoma and in contralateral mirror–image locations (control ROI). In all patients BBB permeability was significantly increased in the brain tissue immediately adjacent to the hematoma, that is, the hematoma rim, compared to the contralateral mirror ROI ( P 30 mL) had higher Ktrans values than small hematomas ( P <0.005). Ktrans values of lobar hemorrhages were significantly higher than the Ktrans values of deep hemorrhages ( P <0.005), independent of hematoma volume. Higher Ktrans values were associated with larger edema volumes. Conclusions BBB leakage in the brain tissue immediately bordering the hematoma can be measured and quantified by DCE MRI in human ICH. BBB leakage at 1 week is greater in larger hematomas as well as in hematomas in lobar locations and is associated with larger edema volumes.
Estimates of illicit drug use during pregnancy by maternal interview, hair analysis, and meconium analysis.

Abstract Objective: To compare the sensitivity and specificity of maternal interview, maternal hair analysis, and meconium analysis in detecting perinatal exposure to cocaine, opiate, and cannabinoid. Design/methods: The use of cocaine, opiate, and cannabinoid during pregnancy was determined prospectively in 58 women by 3 methods: structured maternal interview, maternal hair analysis, and meconium analyses. The results of the 3 methods were compared with one another. Results: The maternal interview showed the lowest sensitivity in detecting cocaine and opiate exposures (65% and 67%, respectively), but it had the highest sensitivity in detecting cannabinoid exposure (58%). Both hair and meconium analyses had high sensitivity for detecting cocaine or opiate exposures. Hair analysis had a sensitivity of 100% for cocaine and 80% for opiate detection. However, it had a false-positive rate of 13% for cocaine and 20% for opiate, probably as a result of passive exposure. Meconium analysis had a sensitivity of 87% for cocaine and 77% for opiate detection, but unlike hair analysis, it had no false-positive test results for cocaine. Both hair and meconium analyses had low sensitivity in detecting cannabinoid exposure (21%-22.7%), most probably because of the sporadic use of cannabinoid. Conclusion: Meconium and hair analyses had the highest sensitivities for detecting perinatal use of cocaine and opiate, but not for cannabinoid. The principal drawback of hair analysis is its potential for false-positive test results associated with passive exposure to drugs. Maternal interview is a time-consuming test of low sensitivity. The high sensitivity of meconium analysis and the ease of collection make this test ideal for perinatal drug screening. (J Pediatr 2001;138:344-8)
Arctic Cloud Microphysics Retrievals from Surface-Based Remote Sensors at SHEBA

Abstract An operational suite of ground-based, remote sensing retrievals for producing cloud microphysical properties is described, assessed, and applied to 1 yr of observations in the Arctic. All measurements were made in support of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) program and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment (FIRE) Arctic Clouds Experiment (ACE) in 1997–98. Retrieval techniques and cloud-type classifications are based on measurements from a vertically pointing 35-GHz Doppler radar, microwave and infrared radiometers, and radiosondes. The retrieval methods are assessed using aircraft in situ measurements from a limited set of case studies and by intercomparison of multiple retrievals for the same parameters. In all-liquid clouds, retrieved droplet effective radii Re have an uncertainty of up to 32% and liquid water contents (LWC) have an uncertainty of 49%–72%. In all-ice clouds, ice particle mean sizes Dmean can be retrieved with an uncertainty of ...
New Choices in Undergraduate Biology Course Designs, but Use the Vision and Change Model

Review of : Building a Pathway for Student Learning: A How-to Guide to Course Design ; Steven Jones, Robert Noyd, and Kenneth Sagendorf; (2014). Stylus Publishing, Sterling, VA. 139 pages.
Ligand binding and G protein coupling of muscarinic receptors in airway smooth muscle

Ligand binding properties of muscarinic receptors were examined in membranes and isolated cells prepared from bovine trachea. The binding of the muscarinic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate (Q...
The effect of pH, organic ligand chemistry and mineralogy on the sorption of beryllium over time

Environmental context Beryllium is a toxic environmental contaminant but has many industrial and scientific applications. Our work explores the effects of soil composition on beryllium retention, focussing on organic matter, mineralogy and pH and concludes that phosphorus and sulfur oxides in addition to soil acidity are strong controls on beryllium mobility. These results aid in future predictions regarding the fate of beryllium in the environment. Abstract Understanding the chemical controls on beryllium sorption is fundamental when assessing its mobility as a pollutant and interpreting its concentration as a geochemical tracer of erosion, weathering and landscape surface stability. In order to evaluate the interactions of beryllium with soil- and aquatic-related materials, we selected model organic compounds and minerals to perform sorption experiments. The retention of beryllium by each of these compounds and minerals was evaluated over a pH range of 3–6 and at various equilibration times to determine which conditions allowed the greatest retention of beryllium. We conclude that most beryllium sorption occurred within 24h for both organic and mineral materials. However, equilibration required longer periods of time and was dependent on the solution pH and sorbent material. The pH exhibited a strong control on beryllium sorption with distribution coefficient (Kd) values increasing non-linearly with increasing pH. A system with a pH of 6 is likely to retain 79–2270% more beryllium than the same system at a pH of 4. Phosphonate retained the greatest amount of beryllium, with Kd values 2–30× greater than all other materials tested at a pH of 6. Therefore, soils containing larger amounts of phosphorus-bearing minerals could result in greater retention of beryllium relative to phosphorus-limited soils. Overall, soil composition, with an emphasis on phosphorus oxide content and pH, is an important property to consider when evaluating the capacity of a system to retain beryllium.
Role of defects and metal coordination on adsorption of acid gases in MOFs and metal oxides: An in situ IR spectroscopic study

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) often display promising performance in ideal, one- or two-component systems; however, industrial adsorption and catalytic applications are almost always in the presence of acid gases that degrade the adsorbent or catalyst. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the interaction of acid gases with MOFs to drive future material design. Acid gas adsorption has been widely investigated on metal oxides, while few fundamental studies exist for MOFs. Therefore, MOF-derived oxides were prepared to give insight into adsorbed species on MOFs by connecting to the understanding that exists for adsorbed species on metal oxides. These MOF-derived oxides retain the overall morphology of the parent MOF, allowing direct comparison of the effect of morphology and the metal coordination environment on adsorbed species and acid gas stability of MOF, MOF-derived oxide, and traditionally synthesized metal oxide. A cerium-based MOF with open-metal sites, CeBTC, and the Ti-based MIL-125 were chosen to prepare MOF-derived oxides. IR studies show that adsorbed species during SO2 and CO2 adsorption on the MOF materials could be directly correlated to species observed on the MOF-derived and traditional oxides. In addition, the adsorbed species on the MOF-derived oxides differed from traditional oxides due to their different morphology and retained porosity. SEM and TEM images taken before and after CO2/SO2 adsorption experiments revealed degradation of all materials giving visual insight into the degradation mechanism after acid gas exposure. This study advances the understanding of acid gas adsorption on MOFs by correlation of adsorbed species with MOF-derived and traditional metal oxides.
Differences in Liver Imaging and Reporting Data System Categorization Between MRI and CT

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to determine whether focal liver observations are categorized differently by CT and MRI using the Liver Imaging and Reporting Data System (LI-RADS). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective review of 58 patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent liver protocol CT and MRI within 1 month of each other. Two readers assigned a LI-RADS category for all focal liver observations in consensus. A significant category upgrade was defined as a change from LI-RADS categories 1 and 2 or nonvisualization to LI-RADS categories 3–5, from LI-RADS category 3 to category 4 or 5, from LI-RADS category 4 to category 5, or from any category to LI-RADS category 5V. A significant downgrade was defined as a change from LI-RADS category 5 to categories 1–4, from LI-RADS category 4 to categories 1–3, or from LI-RADS category 3 to categories 1 or 2. RESULTS. The LI-RADS category was different between CT and MRI for 77.2% (176/228) of observations. A significant upgr...
Tooth loss and obstructive sleep apnea signs and symptoms in the US population.

Purpose The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and signs and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in a representative sample of the general US population.
The Probability of Foundation Safety

Probability analysis is used to calculate the safety of foundations for a number of loads and strength distributions. The applied load and soil strength are considered to be random variables. The various factors that affect the probability of safety are examined. The appropriate probability function is determined empirically by fitting to the experimental data. This method represents a first approximation and may be considered as a step toward the optimum design of structures.
Dolichocybe Keiferi, A New Genus and New Species of Pyemotid Mite, with a Description of a New Species of Siteroptes (Acarina: Pyemotidae)

In March of 1956, the author received from H. H. Keifer of the California State Department of Agriculture, several slides on which were mounted two species of pyemotid mites, one from a cotton boll and the other from the maple, Acer palmatum. Both species were found to be previously undescribed, with one representing a new genus of the family Pyemotidae.
Host Switching in Brachymeria intermedia (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), a Pupal Endoparasitoid of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Brachymeria intermedia (Nees) was reared on its most prevalent host, Lymantria dispar L., and on Holomelina lamae (Freeman), not a natural host of B. intermedia . Host acceptance levels for L. dispar were much higher than for H. lamae . Rearing on H. lamae or adult experience with pupae of this species did not elevate its acceptability. When B. intermedia were deprived of hosts from emergence, the acceptance levels for L. dispar and H. lamae increased with age of the parasitoid, although more so for L. dispar . In single-choice tests, H. lamae pupae contaminated with kairomone of L. dispar were accepted at the same rate as L. dispar pupae. Experience with the contaminated H. lamae pupae increased the acceptance levels for clean H. lamae . The degree of polyphagy of B. intermedia is discussed.
Carbon dioxide effects on fruits

1. The first products of C14O2 fixation by lemon fruit in the dark were found to be malic, citric and aspartic acids. It is presumed that exalacetic is actually the first product to be labeled but that it is converted rapidly to the three other acids. 2. Malonic acid was identified as one of the products of exposure to C14O2. 3. Aconitic, fumaric and α-ketoglutaric acids could not be detected in the extracts of lemon peel, thus raising the possibility of the existence of at least two pools for the products of CO2 fixation. 4. The suggestion was advanced that accumulation of citric acid in the vacuole leads to a deficiency of oxalacetic acid and thus limits overall oxidation. Carbon dioxide stimulates respiration by increasing the supply of oxalacetic acid.