cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Modeling Plasticity-damage Couplings in Polycrystalline Materials

Abstract At present, modeling of the plastic response of porous solids is done using stress-based plastic potentials. To gain understanding of the combined effects of all invariants for general three-dimensional loadings, a strain-rate based approach appears more appropriate. In this paper, for the first time strain rate-based potentials for porous solids with Tresca and von Mises matrices are obtained. The dilatational response is investigated for general 3-D conditions for both compressive and tensile states using rigorous upscaling methods. It is demonstrated that the presence of voids induces dependence on all invariants, the noteworthy result being the key role played by the plastic flow of the matrix on the dilatational response. If the matrix obeys the von Mises criterion, the shape of the cross-sections of the porous solid with the octahedral plane deviates slightly from a circle, and changes very little as the absolute value of the mean strain rate increases. However, if the matrix behavior is described by Tresca's criterion, the shape of the cross-sections evolves from a regular hexagon to a smooth triangle with rounded corners. Furthermore, it is revealed that the couplings between invariants are very specific and depend strongly on the particularities of the plastic flow of the matrix.
Anion Relay Chemistry Extended. Synthesis of a Gorgonian Sesquiterpene

Extension of anion relay chemistry (ARC) beyond the area of dithianes has been achieved by the design of two effective ARC linchpins capable of three- and four-component couplings. To showcase the ARC tactic in natural product synthesis, a cytotoxic gorgonian linear sesquiterpene was constructed, and the absolute configuration assigned via the Kakisawa/Mosher method. The synthesis proceeded in five steps with an overall yield of 22%.
A radio-optic method for measuring relative motion

A radio-optic methodology for in situ monitoring of vibration or relative motion of components in engineered systems is described. The technology relies on use of light-weight radio-optic components attached to or embedded in system members to measure in real time the relative motion between the members, or between the system and the medium in which it is located, due to internal or external loads. The positions of optical fiber detector elements relative to a radiation source element as a function of time is tracked, thus measuring relative position time history from which velocity and acceleration can also be determined. The technology permits determination of critical system performance characteristics and aids in determining safety of systems that are subjected to various loads. Instruments based on this technology will have the benefits of being capable of high spatial and temporal resolution, of interfering minimally with the system under investigation, of being relatively inexpensive and of being operable either continuously or intermittently as desired. Results of Monte Carlo simulations and of limited experimental verification studies are presented.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Consistency, amplitudes, and probabilities in quantum theory’ ”

I reply to Finkelstein's comment [preceding paper, Phys. Rev. A 60, 1723 (1999)] and remark on the meanings conveyed by the word ``amplitude.''
Inverting graphs of rectangular matrices

Abstract This paper addresses the question of determining the class of rectangular matrices having a given graph as a row or column graph. We also determine equivalent conditions on a given pair of graphs in order for them to be the row and column graphs of some rectangular matrix. In connection with these graph inversion problems we discuss the concept of minimal inverses. This concept turns out to have two different forms in the case of one-graph inversion. For the two-graph case we present a method of determining when an inverse is minimal. Finally we apply the two-graph theorem to a class of energy related matrices.
Differences in Winter Activity, Courtship, and Social Behavior of Two Captive Family Groups of Mexican Wolves (Canis lupus baileyi)

The purpose of this study was to determine differences in activity patterns and social behavior of two groups of endangered Mexican wolves maintained at two quite different facilities and to determine some of the variables that should be considered when making specific behavioral comparisons among wolves in this binational captive breeding program. Quantitative measurements of an Activity Index and social behaviors were obtained for three individuals in each pack. Within each age/sex category, activity, aggression, and play were more frequent in the pack at a zoo facility, compared to the pack at a field station facility. Frequency of courtship interactions and scent marking were significantly higher in the field station pack. The packs were similar in the frequency of active submission, but differed significantly in the pattern of this behavior. Given the large number of interacting variables and small number of individuals in this study, we recommend caution in generalizing results to other packs or facilities. Zoo Biol 16:435‐443, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Market and collaboration orientations: examining the supply/demand chain effects

Market success requires a clear customer orientation supported by efficient processes. Yet, the findings from 394 surveys and 51 company interviews show that strong functional orientations promote silo thinking, which leads to counterproductive decision making. The gaps between the customer and supply sides of organisations are particularly pervasive and detrimental. Indeed, the failure to align the supply- and demand-side processes undermines value creation, hindering a company's competitiveness. This research shows that companies can develop a collaboration orientation to mitigate the dysfunctional silo effects. As companies do so, they are able to deliver higher levels of customer value and business performance. The approaches to cultivating such a collaboration orientation are discussed.
Inhibition of yeast glycolysis by nitroxyl (HNO): A mechanism of HNO toxicity and implications to HNO biology

Nitroxyl (HNO) was found to inhibit glycolysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The toxicity of HNO in yeast positively correlated with the dependence of yeast on glycolysis for cellular energy. HNO was found to potently inhibit the crucial glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an effect which is likely to be responsible for the observed inhibition of glycolysis in whole cell preparations. It is proposed that GAPDH inhibition occurs through reaction of HNO with the active site thiolate residue of GAPDH. Significantly, levels of HNO that inhibit GAPDH do not alter the levels or redox status of intracellular glutathione (GSH), indicating that HNO has thiol selectivity. The ability of HNO to inhibit GAPDH in an intracellular environment that contains relatively large concentrations of GSH is an important aspect of HNO pharmacology and possibly, physiology.
Environment and Cancer: Who Are Susceptible?

Acting in concert with individual susceptibility, environmental factors such as smoking, diet, and pollutants play a role in most human cancer. However, new molecular evidence indicates that specific groups-characterized by predisposing genetic traits or ethnicity, the very young, and women-may have heightened risk from certain exposures. This is illustrated by molecular epidemiologic studies of environmental carcinogens such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines. Individual genetic screening for rare high-risk traits or for more common, low-penetrant susceptibility genes is problematic and not routinely recommended. However, knowledge of the full spectrum of both genetic and acquired susceptibility in the population will be instrumental in developing health and regulatory policies that increase protection of the more susceptible groups from risks of environmental carcinogens. This will necessitate revision of current risk assessment methodologies to explicitly account for individual variation in susceptibility to environmental carcinogens.
Interaction of Cold Plasmas with Solid Materials: Decomposition of Tetraamminecopper(II) Sulfate Hydrate and Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate

The radio frequency electrodeless discharge decompositions of two complex compounds, tetraamminecopper(II) sulfate hydrate and tetraamminecopper(II) nitrate, were studied, and a comparison of the results of this research is made with previously reported results. Possible decomposition mechanisms are proposed on the bases of uv-visible emission, ir absorption and x-ray diffraction spectroscopic data, and free energies of reaction.
Flexible collaboration transparency: supporting worker independence in replicated application-sharing systems

This article presents a critique of conventional collaboration transparency systems, also called “application-sharing” systems, which provide the real-time shared use of legacy single-user applications. We find that conventional collaboration transparency systems are inefficient in their use of network resources and lack support for key groupware principles: concurrent work, relaxed WYSIWIS, and group awareness. Next, we present an alternative approach to implementing collaboration transparency that provides many features previously seen only in collaboration-aware applicaitons. Our approach is based on a replicated architecture where selected single-user interface components are dynamically replaced by multiuser versions. The replacement occurs at run-time and is transparent to the single-user application and its developers.. As an instance of this approach, we describe its incorporation into a Java-based collaboration transparency system for serializable, Swing-based Java applications, called Flexible JAMM (Java Applets Made Multiuser). To validate that the flexible collaboration transparency system is truly an improvement over conventional systems, we conducted an empirical study of collaborators performing both tightly and loosely coupled tasks using Flexible JAMM versus a representative conventional collaboration transparency system, Microsoft NetMeeting. Completion times were significantly faster in the loosely coupled task using Flexible JAMM and were not adversely affected in the tightly coupled task. Accuracy was equivalent for both systems. Participants greatly preferred Flexible JAMM.
Opportunities and Barriers for Librarians in Exploring Data: Observations from the Data Curation Profile Workshops

Setting and Objective: The Purdue University Libraries offered a series of professional development workshops in 2011-2012 to provide librarians with a broad understanding of issues in data curation and to train them in the use of the Data Curation Profiles Toolkit (DCP Toolkit). An additional goal of the workshop was to develop a better understanding of the experiences, attitudes, and needs of librarians as they explore new
L-Dopa feeding suppression: effect on catecholamine neurons of the perifornical lateral hypothalamus.

Injection of l-Dopa (0.8–200 nmoles) into the perifornical hypothalamus produced a dose-dependent suppression of feeding in hungry rats. This effect was positively correlated in magnitude with the same effect produced by the catecholamine agonists dopamine and epinephrine, and by the catecholamine-releasing drug amphetamine. l-Dopa's action was partially antagonized by separate injections of the dopaminergic blocker haloperidol (58% blockade) and the β-adrenergic blocker propranolol (38% blockade). Combined injections of these two antagonists produced a 90% blockade of l-Dopa's effect. Perifornical administration of the dopa decarboxylase inhibitors Ro 4-4602 and MK-486 was also shown to reverse l-Dopa's feeding suppression, at doses that enhanced the effect of injected dopamine and epinephrine. On the basis of these findings, l-Dopa appears to suppress food consumption in part through increased catecholamine synthesis, specifically within dopaminergic and adrenergic neurons of the perifornical hypothalamic region.
Flocking of Decentralized Multi-Agent Systems with Application to Nonholonomic Multi-Robots

Abstract In this paper, we revisit the artificial potential based approach in the flocking control for multi-agent systems, where our main concerns are migration and trajectory tracking problems. The static destination or the tracking reference point is modeled by a virtual leader, whose information is utilized by some agents, called active agents (AA), for the controller design. We study a controller for the case where the set of AAs is fixed. By introducing dwell time for the topology-varying system, we define the solutions for the closed-loop system equations. The existence and uniqueness of the solution with any given non-singular initial condition is proved; and some results on the velocity consensus, collision avoidance, group configuration and robustness are proposed. Finally, we apply the proposed controllers to the flocking control of a team of nonholonomic mobile robots.
Interleukin-1β and dexamethasone regulate gene expression of prostaglandin H synthase-2 via the NF-kB pathway in human amnion derived WISH cells

Abstract Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulated PGE2 synthesis in human amnion derived WISH cells, whereas dexamethasone blocked IL-1β-mediated stimulation of PGE2 production. Sequence analysis of the 5′-flanking region of the human prostaglandin H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) gene indicates two putative NF-kB binding sites. Mutation of a single site or both sites resulted in significantly decreased activity of the PGHS-2 promoter. IL-1β treatment increased significantly the native promoter activity and this increase was attenuated by using the NF-kB-mutant promoter. Dexamethasone treatment also decreased the IL-1β mediated stimulation of the PGHS-2 native promoter but not the NF-kB mutant promoter. Furthermore, the involvement of the NF-kB was supported by electrophoretic mobility shift assay which revealed an increased nuclear binding of the NF-kB probe upon IL-1β induction and a decreased nuclear binding of the NF-kB probe upon dexamethasone pre-treatment. These results provide convincing evidence that NF-kB may mediate the IL-1β stimulation of PGHS-2 gene expression as well as the dexamethasone inhibition of the IL-1β induction process in WISH cells.
Histofluorescence and ultrastructural analysis of hamster and monkey pineal

The pineal glands of the golden hamster and rhesus monkey were examined with FalckHillarp histofluorescence and electron microscopic techniques. Serotonin fluorescence, distinguished by microspectrofluorophotometry, was observed in virtually all pinealocytes in the rhesus monkey, but was demonstrable in only a small percentage of such cells in the hamster. Ultrastructurally, dense core vesicles, commonly proposed as sites of monoamine storage, were seen in most pinealocytes in hamster, but were rarely observed in pinealocytes of the monkey. Perivascular catecholamine fluorescence was present in both monkey and hamster, but to a greater extent in the latter. These data may provide a useful model for the correlation of fluorescence demonstrable indoleamines with the occurrence of dense core vesicles.
Coordinated Folding and Association of the LIN-2, -7 (L27) Domain: AN OBLIGATE HETERODIMERIZATION MODULE INVOLVED IN ASSEMBLY OF SIGNALING AND CELL POLARITY COMPLEXES

LIN-2, -7 (L27) homology domains are putative protein-protein interaction modules found in several scaffold proteins involved in the assembly of polarized cell-signaling structures. These specific interaction pairs are well conserved across metazoan species, from worms to man. We have expressed and purified L27 domains from multiple species and find that certain domains from proteins such as Caenorhabditis elegans LIN-2 and LIN-7 can specifically heterodimerize. Biophysical analysis of interacting L27 domains demonstrates that the domains interact with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Circular dichroism studies reveal that the domains appear to function as an obligate heterodimer; individually the domains are largely unfolded, but when associated they show a significant increase in helicity, as well as a cooperative unfolding transition. These novel obligate interacting pairs are likely to play a key role in regulating the organization of signaling proteins at polarized cell structures.
Digital Device & Forensics Concerns in Jails, Prisons and Supervisory Environments

We examine concerns relating to digital devices and forensics in jails, prison and supervisedrelease environments. Despite being one of the most controlled physical environments ingovernment, digital devices continue to breach institutional security and increase risks tocorrectional staff and the community.
A Fast Direct Solver for Elliptic Partial Differential Equations on Adaptively Refined Meshes

We present a new class of fast direct solvers for elliptic partial differential equations on adaptively refined meshes. These solvers rely on a combination of standard fast solvers for uniform grids and potential theory. Unlike standard iterative approaches, they have a well-defined operation count. They also preserve the order of accuracy of the uniform grid solver, despite the presence of coarse/fine interfaces.
Teaching and Learning Languages: Selected Readings from Mosaic 3rd ed. edited by MOLLICA, ANTHONY

The article reviews the book "Teaching and Learning Languages: Selected Readings From Mosaic" 3rd ed., edited by Anthony Mollica.
Functions that never agree

Consider functions f 1 , . . . , f k defined on an n -element set I with the property that if x ∈ I then f 1 ( x ), . . . , f k ( x ) are all distinct. We shall say that the functions f 1 , . . . , f k never agree. Let ρ ( f 1 , . . . , f k ) be the size of the largest subset I * of I for which f 1 ( I ), . . . , f k ( I *) are all disjoint, and let ρ k ( n ) = min{ ρ ( f 1 , . . . , f k )} where the minimum is taken over all functions f 1 , . . . , f k that never agree. We prove that ρ k ( n ) ⩾ n / k k , and that in the limit as n → ∞, the ratio ρ k ( n )/ n → 1/ k k . For k = 2 we describe how the function p ( f 1 , f 2 ) can be interpreted as a measure of the bipartiteness of a graph. When n = 2 l 2 + l we prove that ρ 2 ( n ) = ( l 2 + l )/2.
Configurable system simulation model build comprising packaging design data

A high-end eServerTM consists of multiple microprocessor chips packaged with additional chips on a multichip module. In conjunction with memory and various I/O cards, this module is mounted on a card called a processor book, and a few of those cards on a board finally represent a major part of the system. Before the first hardware is built, simulations must be performed to verify that all of these components work together. But before we can build the simulation models, we need to find answers to many questions and to specify constraints, such as the scope of the simulation, the representation of the packaging data, the handling of cross-hierarchical connections such as cables, and the handling of passive components such as resistors and capacitors. This system model build should be as flexible as possible. System verification must be done for different system configurations (both single-processor and multiprocessor systems, one-processor-book systems, and multiprocessor-book systems) with or without I/O. Therefore, not only should a configurable model build downsize the model structure, but it should provide the capability to add logic. The requirement to include special logic, such as clock macros or checker logic, is driven by the use of emulation and acceleration technology, and by other speed-related elements. This paper discusses these new concepts in eServer development: a configurable simulation model build, the automatic derivation of structural model data from packaging design, and the addition of specific logic without affecting the model structure generated by the previous step.
A model of the kinetics of photorepair in chick embryo fibroblasts.

Abstract Recent measurements of the photorepair of UV-induced dimers in chick embryo fibroblasts have shown that the efficiency of photorepair is a function of time after UV exposure. Photorepair is enhanced if the time between UV exposure and photoreactivation is increased. A model is presented which fits the experimental data within the accuracy of the measurements. The disappearance of damaged sites follows first-order rate kinetics, similar to the kinetics of photorepair shown to exist in E. coli . However, some of the chromosomal DNA is protected from enzymatic activity, presumably by the histones and other proteins associated with eukaryotic DNA. The effective number of damaged sites available for repair increases monotonically with time after UV damage. At 37°C all sites become available after 9–12 h. Immediately after UV exposure, about 75% of the DNA is shielded from photorepair.
COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS OF LOOM BEATING-UP MECHANISMS

Analysis and design of the beating-up mechanism is of great importance for im proving loom performance. Computer aided design and analysis tools are used to study different kinds of beating-up mechanisms, including the 4-link and 6-link systems, and their characteristics are compared with those of the conjugate-cam mechanism. Results from models with varying geometric parameters are presented, revealing that the com puter tools are effective and useful in analyzing and designing beating-up mechanisms with smoother operation, lower noise and vibration, and higher speeds.
Laparoscopic Orchiopexy for High Palpable Undescended Testis: Preliminary Experience

AbstractPurpose: We attempted to apply laparoscopic orchiopexy to the high palpable testis.Materials and Methods: Nine patients (12 testicles) were treated who ranged from 13 months to 13 years old. Laparoscopic techniques were used to mobilize the spermatic vessels and transfer the testis into the scrotum.Results: Unilateral cases were completed in an average of 2.6 hours and bilateral cases in 3.0 hours with no complications. Testes maintained an intrascrotal position with no atrophy during a followup of 1 to 12 months.Conclusions: Laparoscopic orchiopexy for the high palpable undescended testis is possible with minimal morbidity and good short-term results.
Apically Linked Small Metallacarborane Clusters. Directed Synthesis and Structural Characterization of 7,7'-[CpCo(2,3-Et(2)C(2)B(4)H(3)](2) and [CpCo(2,3-Et(2)C(2)B(4)H(3)-7)](2)X Complexes (X = MeCH, HC=CH, CtC)(,)(1).

A series of novel bis(cobaltacarboranyl) (CoC(2)B(4))(2)X dicluster complexes whose B(7) (apex) atoms are linked by organic moieties involving sp-, sp(2)-, or sp(3)-hybridized carbon, or by a direct B(7)-B(7') bond, has been prepared by extension of the recently described "recapitation" method (Curtis, M. A.; et al. Inorg. Chem. 1996, 35, 6703) that entails treatment of 6-vertex nido-CoC(2)B(3) dianions with monoboron reagents. Reactions of Li(2)[nido-CpCo(Et(2)C(2)B(3)H(3))] in toluene with MeCH(BCl(2))(2) and with cis-(BCl(2))C(2)H(2) gave, respectively, [CpCo(2,3-Et(2)C(2)B(4)H(3)-7-)](2)MeCH (5) and cis-[CpCo(2,3-Et(2)C(2)B(4)H(3)-7-)](2)C(2)H(2) (6a) following chromatographic separation. Ultraviolet irradiation of 6a induced partial conversion to the trans isomer 6b, affording a 46:54 trans/cis equilibrium mixture in 84 h. Reactions of the same cobaltacarborane dianion with bis(catecholboryl)acetylene and with bis(catecholdiboryl) gave [CpCo(2,3-Et(2)C(2)B(4)H(3)-7-)](2)C(2) (7) and [CpCo(2,3-Et(2)C(2)B(4)H(3)-7-)](2) (8), respectively. The new complexes were isolated as air-stable, crystalline orange solids and were characterized from their (1)H, (11)B, and (13)C NMR, IR, UV-visible, and mass spectra, supported by X-ray crystallographic studies of 5, 6a, 7, and 8. Crystal data for 5: space group P2(1)ca (orthorhombic); a = 14.220(10) A, b = 15.690(10) A, c = 16.860(10) A, Z = 4; R = 0.041 for 7485 independent reflections. Crystal data for 6a: space group C2/c (monoclinic); a = 12.849(6) A, b = 11.435(6) A, c = 25.619(13) A, beta = 96.230(10) degrees; Z = 4; R = 0.036 for 5440 independent reflections. Crystal data for 7: space group P2(1)/n (monoclinic); a = 17.298(12) A, b = 13.932(10) A, c = 30.82(2) A, beta = 96.34(5) degrees; Z = 8; R = 0.070 for 9632 independent reflections. Crystal data for 8: space group Po (triclinic); a = 9.150(10) A, b = 10.270(10) A, c = 10.340(10) A, alpha = 84.52(5) degrees, beta = 78.05(5) degrees, gamma = 68.6(5) degrees; Z = 1; R = 0.056 for 5154 independent reflections.
Inverse dynamic analysis of the biomechanics of the thumb while pipetting: A case study

Thumb-push manual pipettes are commonly used tools in many medical, biological, and chemical laboratories. Epidemiological studies indicate that the use of thumb-push mechanical pipettes is associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the hand. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the kinematics and joint loading of the thumb during pipetting. The time-histories of joint angles and the interface contact force between the thumb and plunger during the pipetting action were determined experimentally, and the joint loadings and joint power in the thumb were calculated via an inverse dynamic approach. The moment, power, and energy absorption in each joint of the thumb during the extraction and dispensing actions were analyzed. The results indicate that the majority of the power is generated in the interphalangeal (IP) and carpometacarpal (CMC) joints for the pipetting action. The analysis method and results in the current study will be helpful in exploring the mechanism for musculoskeletal injuries of the hand associated with pipetting, providing a preliminary foundation for ergonomic design of the pipette.
Aflatoxin B1 and actinomycin D effects on histone acetylation and deacetylation in the liver

Abstract The administration of the potent hepatocarcinogen, aflatoxin B1, to rats leads to a sudden increase in the rate at which acetyl groups are released from histones in the liver. The effect on histone deacetylation occurs within 15 min and thus is at least as fast as the inhibitory action of the carcinogen on RNA polymerase activity. The relatively inert structural analog of this carcinogen, aflatoxin B2, does not cause a comparable effect on histone deacetylation in vivo . Actinomycin D also fails to elicit any increase in the rate of histone deacetylation. None of these compounds, administered beforehand, affect the rate at which isotopic acetyl groups are incorporated into the histones of the liver. A major effect of aflatoxin B1 is to increase the rate of deacetylation of histone fractions F2A1 and F3. A kinetic study of the release of acetyl groups from F2A1 and F3 subfractions differing in their degree of acetylation reveals a complex pattern of deacetylation and partial recovery. A comparison of the soluble and nuclear histone deacetylase activities of normal and aflatoxin B1-treated livers does not show any significant differences. It is suggested that the effects of aflatoxin B1 on histone deacetylation in the liver reflect a sudden modification of the systems which control the activity of the deacetylating enzymes or the availability of the histone substrates.
FORMAL MODELS VS. HUMAN SITUATIONAL UNDERSTANDING: INHERENT LIMITATIONS ON THE MODELING OF BUSINESS EXPERTISE

Possible limitations on the successful formal modeling of human expertise can only be identified if the evolving thought processes involved in acquiring expertise are understood. This paper presents a 5‐stage description of the human skill‐acquisition process, applies it to the skill of business management, and draws conclusions about potential uses and abuses of formal modeling.
The evolution of endovascular treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas: a single-center experience.

Objective Carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) are pathologic arteriovenous shunts between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus. The resulting venous congestion within the cavernous sinus accounts for the classic ocular symptoms associated with these lesions. Endovascular treatment of CCFs has evolved over time to include a variety of transarterial and transvenous embolization techniques. The present series comprises our institutional experience with the endovascular treatment of CCF. Methods We reviewed our prospectively maintained clinical database for patients with CCF who were evaluated between December 1995 and August 2012. Clinical and demographic data were extracted from medical records, operative notes, and radiographic reports. Cerebral angiograms were reviewed. Results The study included 100 (42 direct CCF [dCCF], 58 indirect [iCCF]) patients. Of the 42 patients with dCCF, endovascular treatment was possible in 40 (95%), with an overall 8% morbidity and 2% mortality. Before March 2004, dCCFs were primarily treated with the use of detachable balloons. After the withdrawal of detachable balloons from the market, coil embolization emerged as the first-line treatment. It was accomplished either transarterially or transvenously and often incorporated balloon or stent protection of the parent vessel. After initial treatment, 33 patients (82%) exhibited complete obliteration of their fistula, whereas an additional four (10%) patients demonstrated fistula thrombosis on follow-up angiography. Endovascular access was achieved in 48 (83%) of the 58 patients with iCCF. In this cohort, the morbidity rate was 8%, and there were no deaths. Transvenous approaches were used to treat 88% of these patients and included both transfemoral venous access to the cavernous sinus and direct access through the ophthalmic veins. Immediate fistula occlusion was observed in 37 (77%) patients, and 1 of the 11 patients with a residual fistula progressed to thrombosis on follow-up. Transarterial embolization alone was used in six cases, and five required combined transvenous/transarterial approaches. Conclusions For dCCF, the lack of availability of detachable balloons led to the adoption of both transarterial and transvenous coil embolization with adjunctive techniques of parent vessel protection. For iCCF, advances in techniques of venous access have facilitated treatment of lesions with restricted venous outflow. Treatment strategies for CCF continue to evolve with advances in endovascular techniques.
The mode of chromosome duplication in Crepis capillaris.

Abstract By the use of thymidine-H 3 , DNA of chromosomes in root cells of Crepis capillaris was labeled. At the first division following the incorporation of label all chromosomes were labeled. After one duplication in the absence of label these chromosomes produce one labeled daughter and one free of label. This behavior is like that previously described for Vicia and Bellevalia , and can only be accounted for if the chromosome is two-stranded before duplication. In addition some of the chromosomes of Crepis fixed 5–7 hours after the roots began growing in thymidine-H 3 show a gradient in concentration of tritium with the least amount of the isotope at the ends and an increasing concentration toward the centromere. The interpretation is that the chromosomes begin their duplication at the ends with a regular progression toward the centromere.
Long-term oxygen therapy: review from the patients’ perspective:

Chronic respiratory conditions are responsible for increasing numbers of patients in need of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). However, many patients do not use their oxygen as prescribed. Unless we can assist these patients in living with oxygen therapy, optimal clinical outcomes will not be achieved. We conducted a meta-synthesis of qualitative research studies. We included any qualitative study that focused on the psychosocial nature or experience of patients prescribed LTOT. Four research studies met the conditions of our search. We performed a rigorous methodological protocol for meta-synthesis as described by the Joanna Briggs Institute. A total of 12 findings formulated four themes. These themes included the following: adapting oxygen to life's circumstances, living in a restricted world, self-management is fostered by oxygen, and submission and dependency. From the four thematic categories established, meta-synthesis resulted in two major results: persons prescribed oxygen rationalize its use while negotiating lifestyle interference and physical restrictions and the drive to care for one's self is conflicted. This meta-synthesis showed that each oxygen user faces tremendous physical, psychological, and emotional challenges. They strive to adapt and maintain mastery but eventually oxygen dependency results. These challenges affect the patient's ability to adhere to their treatment guidelines. These barriers and challenges are seldom addressed and are under-treated. Clinicians involved in LTOT need to be aware and work with the patients to facilitate their use of oxygen. Inclusion of the patients' perspective can guide practice and assist with the development of new interventions and management strategies.
Cyclic nucleotide fluctuations during steroid induced meiotic maturation of frog oocytes.

MATURING oocytes of the frog Rana pipiens arrest in prophase of the first meiotic division, when they can be isolated and induced to complete meiotic maturation in vitro by exposure to steroid hormone. A study of the meiotic maturation divisions of the frog oocyte therefore encompasses problems of steroid action and the control of cell division. An unusual feature of the interaction of steroids with the oocyte is the independence of the nucleus indicated by the failure of actinomycin D or enucleation to affect the induction of maturation by steroids1. Furthermore, the interaction is nonspecific, in that several different steroids are capable of inducing maturation in vitro2. Both cyclic AMP and theophylline inhibit progresterone induced maturation3. This report presents evidence that exposure of prophase-arrested oocytes to progesterone lowers intracellular cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels, that theophylline inhibits one component of this response, and that periodic cyclic nucleotide fluctuations occur during the subsequent maturation divisions.
Ex vivo transfection of transforming growth factor-β1 gene to pulmonary artery segments in lung grafts

Abstract Objective: Proximal pulmonary artery segment transfection may provide beneficial downstream effects on the whole-lung graft. In this study, transforming growth factor-β 1 was transfected to proximal pulmonary artery segments, and the efficacy of transforming growth factor-β 1 transfection was examined in ischemia-reperfusion injury and acute rejection models of rat lung transplantation. Methods: In the ischemia-reperfusion injury model, orthotopic left lung transplantation was performed in F344 rats. In group I, the PPAS was isolated and injected with saline solution. In 2 other groups, lipid67:DOPE:sense (group II) or antisense transforming growth factor-β 1 pDNA construct (group III) was injected instead of saline solution. After cold preservation at 4°C for 18 hours, lung grafts were implanted. Graft function was assessed 24 hours later. In the acute rejection model, donor lung grafts were harvested. Proximal pulmonary artery segments were injected with saline solution (group I) or sense (group II) or antisense lipid gene construct (group III) and then implanted. Graft function was assessed on postoperative day 5. Results : In the ischemia-reperfusion injury study, there were no significant differences in oxygenation, wet-to-dry weight ratios, graft myeloperoxidase activity, or transforming growth factor-β 1 levels in platelet-poor serum or proximal pulmonary artery segment homogenates. In the acute rejection study, oxygenation was significantly improved in group II receiving transforming growth factor-β 1 (group II vs I and III, 136.0 ± 32.5 vs 54.0 ± 9.6 mm Hg and 53.8 ± 14.8 mm Hg; P = .016 and .016). There were no significant pathologic differences. Transforming growth factor-β 1 concentrations from proximal pulmonary artery segment homogenates in group II were significantly higher compared with controls. Conclusions: Ex vivo transfection of transforming growth factor-β 1 to proximal pulmonary artery segments did not affect reperfusion injury of lung isografts. In acute rejection, however, ex vivo transfection of transforming growth factor-β 1 to proximal pulmonary artery segments improved allograft function. This suggests that transfection to proximal pulmonary artery segments exerts beneficial downstream effects on the whole-lung allograft. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999; 117:705-13)
Tropospheric tidal effects on the middle and upper atmosphere

[1] Numerical experiments that explore the effects of tides of tropospheric origin on the upper and middle atmosphere reveal strong signatures of an eastward propagating zonal wave number 3 diurnal tide (DE3), which peaks near 110 km and penetrates into the upper thermosphere. We demonstrate that nonmigrating tidal dissipation dominated by DE3 effects in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) strongly accelerates the zonal mean wind field, affecting both the altitude and magnitude of the low-latitude jets. We also quantify, for the first time, a stationary planetary wave 4 oscillation (sPW4) in the MLT, which is excited by nonlinear interaction between the DE3 and the migrating diurnal tide (DW1). Our results suggest that the sPW4 modulates the DE3 MLT response and may impact the E region dynamo as well as ionospheric and thermospheric signatures at much higher altitudes.
Absence of calponin phosphorylation in contracting or resting arterial smooth muscle.

We have tested the hypothesis of Winder and Walsh [(1990) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 10148] that the contractile state of smooth muscle is regulated by calponin phosphorylation. Porcine carotid arterial muscles were highly labeled with 33P, then contracted with four different agents for various times. No radioactivity was detected in calponin isolated by 2D or 1D gel electrophoresis from the muscles. Similarly, resting muscles showed no [33P]phosphate in calponin. Apparently the sites of calponin available for phosphorylation in vitro are rendered unavailable in the intact muscle.
Morse relations and Fredholm deformations of v-convex contact forms

We address in this paper the Fredholm and compactness issues for the variational problem (J,C β ), Bahri (Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics Series No. 173. Scientific and Technical, London, 1988), Bahri (C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 299, Serie I, 15, 757–760, 1984). We prove that the intersection operator restricted to periodic orbits of the Reeb vector-field ∂per does not mix with the intersection operator ∂∞ of the critical points at infinity. The Fredholm issues are extensively discussed in the Introduction and solved in Bahri (Arab J Maths, 2014). We also address in this paper the issue of existence of periodic orbits for three-dimensional Reeb vector-fields, the Weinstein conjecture (Weinstein, J Differ Equ 33:353–358, 1979) on S3, solved in dimension 3 throughout the works of Rabinowitz (Commun Pure Appl Math 31:157–184, 1978) and Hofer (Invent Math 114:515–563, 1993); see also Hutchings (Proc. 2010 ICM 46:1022–1041, 2010) and Taubes (Geom Topol 11:2117–2202, 2007) for the full Weinstein conjecture in dimension 3. Following our previous work (Bahri, Adv Nonlinear Stud 8:1–17, 2008), we devise a new method to find these periodic orbits when they are of odd index. We conjecture that this method, when combined with the other results described above about the intersection operator, gives rise to a homology that is specific of the contact structure and that is invariant by deformation. The existence result, as derived here, is weaker than the one announced by Taubes (Geom Topol 11:2117–2202, 2007). After appropriate generalization, it provides a new proof, via variational theory, of the Weinstein conjecture on three-dimensional closed contact manifolds with finite fundamental group.
Development of comprehension of “or”: Evidence for a sequence of competencies☆

Abstract Comprehension of various usages of “or” was investigated in children 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 years old, and in college students. One task used imperatives containing “or.” and investigated the set union interpretation. In a second task, one puppet asserted a statement and another puppet contradicted it: subjects were asked whether both could be right, and whether one had to be right. A third task investigated the truth conditions for disjunctions. The fourth task presented reasoning problems that tested principles of inference involving “or.” It was found that all age groups, even the youngest, could make the logical inferences involving “or.” All age groups could also perceive contradictions, but subjects were less than unanimous that one of the puppets contradicting each other had to be right. Sensible truth judgments for disjunctions began to develop around 7–8 years. Set union was elicited in only a few adults. In general, except when it indicates set union, “or” is understood substantially earlier than the current literature suggests. Logical inference is one of the first uses in which children become competent, suggesting that the basic meaning of “or” is given by inference forms for reasoning with alternatives, not by truth conditions.
Phosphatidic acid phosphatase in the erythrocyte membrane

A magnesium-dependent α-phosphatidic acid phosphatase is present in the erythrocyte membrane which is stimulated by sodium, and to a lesser extent by lithium, ammonium, potassium and rubidium. Cesium produces little or no stimulation. No magnesium-dependent, sodium-stimulated, activity was observed with β-phosphatidic acid or lysophosphatidic acid; but both of these substrates were hydrolyzed. α-Glycerophosphate was hydrolyzed very feebly. Beryllium inhibited the magnesium-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase 30% at 10−4 M and completely at 10−3 M. Cesium and fluoride inhibited the sodium stimulation of the magnesium-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatase. The initial phosphatidic acid phosphatase activity was at least 41.6 mμmoles/mg dry weight of ghosts/h, which compares favorably with the activity of the Na+ + K+-dependent, ouabain-inhibitable ATPase in the erythrocyte membrane; this is compatible with the idea that phosphatidic acid phosphatase may function as part of the Na+ + K+-dependent ATPase.
Ribosomal DNA and RAPD variation in the rare plant family Lactoridaceae

Lactorisfernandeziana, endemic to the island of Masatierra in the Juan Fernandez Archipelago, is the only living member of the primitive angiosperm family, Lactoridaceae. The species was surveyed for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) variation. Previous analyses of allozymes had revealed no variation within the species. Variation was found for length in the intergenic spacer and for restriction sites in the 1 8S-25S genes of rDNA, and for the presence of amplified bands using 16 primers. Different rDNA repeat lengths and restriction site variants were detected within individuals as well as within and among populations. The level of variation in RAPDs is low relative to other Juan Fernandez endemic species surveyed, and nearly all variants were restricted to single populations. The rDNA length variants were distributed throughout the island, whereas the rDNA restriction site variants and RAPD markers indicated minor genetic differences among the populations.
Bottom-Trapped Rossby Waves in an Exponentially Stratified Ocean

Abstract The well-known Rhines theory of bottom-trapped topographic Rossby waves (TRW) in a uniformly stratified ocean over a sloping seabed, and its dispersion relation between wave frequency and wavenumber components, have served a very useful purpose in prompting recognition of the existence of TRW in the ocean and in motivating the search for sources of such disturbances. However, in quantitative studies of backward ray tracing of bottom-trapped Rossby waves for source search purposes, a realistic profile of the buoyancy frequency N(z) within the water column ought to be taken into account. Toward this goal an analytic solution for linear, quasigeostrophic, topographic Rossby waves for an ocean having regionally distinct exponential profiles of buoyancy frequency is offered.
EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL ASSESSMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

This work examines implications for educational administration of the International Association for the evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) surveys. Major implications discussed include productiveness of both international comparison and international measures of educational achievement. Implications are also discussed in terms of viability of the application of large scale sample survey data to decision making within individual countries. Issues generated by the IEA studies are presented including: (1) cultural relevance of test items; (2) ethnocentrism of test makers; (3) contributions to comparative analysis; (4) cost effectiveness and feasibility; (5) potential descriptive value to individual nations; (6) data interpretation; (7) relating data to micro policy issues; (8) and potential for redefining concepts of educational achievement. It is concluded that the work of educational administration must proceed with awareness of the hazards and blessings of cross‐sectional research for training, practice, and new research.
Recognition Memory Span in Rhesus Monkeys of Advanced Age

Assessment of recognition memory was performed on eight rhesus monkeys of advanced age (25 to 27 years of age) using the delayed recognition span test (DRST). Their performance was compared to that of five young adult animals (5 to 7 years of age) on two stimulus conditions of the DRST: spatial position and color. Both trial unique and repeating series were used for each of the two conditions. As a group, aged monkeys were impaired on both the spatial and color conditions of the DRST, achieving about two-thirds of the span of the young adult group in each condition. Error analyses revealed that monkeys in the aged group also produced more perseverative responses (i.e., displacing the previously correct disk) than did young adults. Together the findings suggest that monkeys of advanced age are impaired on tasks with memory loading demand characteristics.
Minimal non-ergodic directions on genus-2 translation surfaces

It is well known that on any Veech surface, the dynamics in any minimal direction is uniquely ergodic. In this paper it is shown that for any genus-2 translation surface which is not a Veech surface there are uncountably many minimal but not uniquely ergodic directions. The theorem can be applied to certain billiard tables.
Caring for the Breast Cancer Survivor: A Guide for Primary Care Physicians

Breast cancer accounts for more than 25% of cancers in women. Because of improved screening and treatment modalities, mortality has decreased significantly. Currently, over 2.5 million breast cancer survivors live in the US and receive care from a primary care provider. Providers need to be aware of common and serious complications of breast cancer treatment. In this review we discuss complications of local and systemic treatment for breast cancer, including lymphedema, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and vasomotor symptoms. Current strategies for screening, monitoring, and treating these complications also are outlined.