cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An integrative capstone course for the conservation biology curriculum

shock and disbelief many of us felt when we left our college science classes and entered the real world of conservation. Traditional conservation biology education has been criticized as being too specialized (Kellert 1994; Yaffe 1994; Clark 1997b; Viederman et al. 1997). Under our current education system, conservation biology majors are unprepared to deal with real-world conservation because they are naive about how the process works (Noss & Cooperrider 1994a; Meffe 1998). They do not understand how political and social factors interact in the process of conservation (Wondolleck et al. 1994) and are underinformed about how the political and judicial systems drive many conservation issues (Wolok 1995). Without this training, graduates do not think in the ways needed to have a significant influence (Yaffe 1994; Meffe 1998). Slowly, all but the most isolated of new graduates learn that, although the science of conservation biology should be objective, the process of conservation in many cases is not. Although it is fun and easy to find parallels between the Wizard of Oz and real-world conservation (e.g. flying monkeys and lawyers posing as policy analysts), seriously we must realize that we are sending many of our students into careers they do not fully understand, in which their effectiveness is at least initially limited and their ability to find a satisfactory niche is hindered. In response to this problem, many universities have included nonscience classes in their conservation biology curriculum, such as human dimensions, economics, and environmental law. The inclusion of a few disconnected
Enhancement of the third-order susceptibility of cis-Mo(CO 4 (PPh 3 ) 2 solution by oxygen in different solvents

Detailed degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM) studies of one molybdenum complex, cis-Mo(CO) 4 (PPh 3 ) 2 in dichloromethane (CH 2 Cl 2 ) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) are reported in this paper. Upon exposure to air/oxygen, the (chi) (3 ) values of CH 2 Cl 2 and THF solutions of this complex increase dramatically with time. However, when excess free ligand is added to CH 2 Cl 2 solution of the complex, the increase in (chi) (3 ) value is stopped. Hence, it is possible to obtain a CH 2 Cl 2 solution with high (chi) (3 ) value by first oxidizing the solution and then adding excess ligand to stabilize the solution. For THF solution, probably due to the different mechanism causing the increase of (chi) (3 ) values, the increase in (chi) (3 ) values doesn't stop even though excess free ligand is added. Further, the increase in the (chi) (3 ) values of both the CH 2 Cl 2 and THF solutions parallels the increase in the linear absorption but it is unclear whether the increased linear absorption plays any role in the increase in the (chi) (3 ) value of the solution. This study also shows how degenerate four wave mixing can be used as a very sensitive technique to detect the chemical change in a solution when the third order optical nonlinearities of the reactant and product are very different.
Three stages of the origin of life process: bifurcation, stabilization and inversion

The principal succession of transformations of a prebiotic microsystem leading to its transition into the primary living state is theoretically substantiated. For the first stage of the succession, a significant change in the external conditions constrains an organic microsystem to leave the current stable state with the following transition into a new stable state through the unstable critical (bifurcation) point. At the bifurcation point the microsystem acquires the original properties without which life cannot exist (self-maintaining heterogeneous structure, incessant fluctuations and rearrangement of molecules, exchange with the surroundings by matter and energy, etc.). During the second stage its unstable state stabilizes relatively by means of the balanced oscillations around the bifurcation point (the paradoxical state of ‘stabilized instability’ appears). The third stage is characterized with the radical turn in the network of chemical reactions: the free energy contribution begins to prevail over the entropy contribution. As a result, constructive transformations proceed faster than destructive transformations. At this stage the key properties of biological organization appear: the ability to concentrate free energy and information, intensified counteraction to external influences, expedient behaviour and persistent self-renovation. On the early Earth, such successive transformation of organic matter occurred in the changeable conditions of a hydrothermal medium. Some new methods for experimental and theoretical research in the origin of life field are suggested.
Nonoperative management of main pancreatic duct-involved intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm might be indicated in select patients.

Background Although the natural history of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) remains unclear, large surgical series have reported malignancy in 40% to 90% of main pancreatic duct (MPD)–involved IPMN. Accordingly, the 2012 International Consensus Guidelines recommend surgical resection in patients with suspected MPD involvement. We hypothesized that nonoperative management of select patients with suspected MPD-involved IPMN might be indicated. Study Design From 1992 to 2012, 362 patients underwent surgical resection for pathologically confirmed IPMN at a single academic center. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed. Main pancreatic duct involvement was suspected with an MPD diameter ≥5 mm on preoperative imaging. A multivariate analysis was conducted to assess predictors of malignancy. Results Of 362 patients, 334 had complete data for analysis. Main pancreatic duct involvement was suspected preoperatively in 171 patients. Final pathology revealed 20% high-grade dysplastic and 27% invasive IPMN (47% malignant). Preoperative cytopathology and serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 independently predicted malignancy (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively) and invasiveness (p Conclusions Patients with suspected MPD-involved IPMN have a highly variable rate of malignancy. Despite recent International Consensus Guidelines recommendations, these data suggest that MPD diameter is not an optimal gauge of malignant risk. Nonoperative management of suspected MPD-involved IPMN in select patients, particularly double negatives, might be indicated. Depending on age and comorbidity, operative risk might outweigh the risk of malignant progression in these patients.
Can Models of Soft-Sediment Community Structure Be Complete Without Parasites?

Most of the organisms that live in marine, soft-sediment environments are hosts for parasites. Rates of infection by micro- or macroparasites can be quite high, but vary in space and time. Despite the prevalence of parasites, their potential influence on soft-sediment communities is poorly understood. None of the conceptual models of soft-sediment community structure or dynamics published to date considers the impact of parasitism. A variety of potential direct and indirect effects of parasites on host populations and communities are discussed. The greatest challenge for future research in this area is the development of experimental methods for manipulating the abundance of parasites under field conditions.
Chicken erythrocyte β-globin chromatin: enhanced solubility is a direct consequence of induced histone hyperacetylation

Chicken immature red blood cells were incubated for 1 hour in Swim's medium containing 3H-acetate and 10 mM n-butyrate. During the incubation period, the small percentage of dynamically acetylated and deacetylated histone is radiolabeled and hyperacetylated. A second effect of the n-butyrate incubation is to shift a small subset of nucleohistone into a soluble form. This chromatin is predominantly polynucleosome size (approximately dimer to pentamer) and can be separated from soluble mononucleosomes by 5-30% sucrose gradient centrifugation. The soluble polynucleosomes are 25-30 fold enriched for adult beta-globin (beta A) DNA and contain the hyperacetylated histones. We have tested whether histone hyperacetylation is responsible for the enhanced beta-globin chromatin solubility by in vitro deacetylation of the soluble chromatin histones. This procedure converts the beta-globin polynucleosomes to an insoluble form, demonstrating that histone hyperacetylation is in fact directly responsible for the increased solubility of the beta A chromatin.
Effects of Li concentration and a Mg addition on serrated flow in AlLi alloys

Serrated flow phenomena have been reported in a variety of precipitation-strengthened aluminum alloys. In the particular case of precipitation-strengthened Al-Li alloys, serrated flow effects of similar character have been reported in binary Al-Li alloys and in commercial-type Al-Li alloys containing multiple alloying elements. Observations of serrated flow in binary Al-Li alloys indicate that the presence of Li alone is sufficient to produce serrated flow. Aging time has been used to probe the mechanisms that cause serrated flow in individual Al-Li alloys, and several investigators have noted that serrated flow disappears when Al-Li alloys are aged to peak strength or overaged. Much of the available experimental evidence supports dislocation-[delta][prime] interactions as the cause of serrated flow in Al-Li alloys, rather than dislocation-solute atom interactions to which serrated flow phenomena are traditionally attributed. Additional support for this conclusion could be provided by comparison of stress-strain curves for a solid solution Al-Li binary alloy of the same composition as the matrix phase of a precipitation-strengthened Al-Li binary alloy. The purpose of the present paper is to show stress--strain curves for Al-1.38Li, Al-1.80Li and Al-1.39Li-1.0Mg alloys, and to interpret the results in terms of the interactions proposed to account for serrated flow in Al-Limore » alloys.« less
WINDBEUTEL, A GENE REQUIRED FOR DORSOVENTRAL PATTERNING IN DROSOPHILA, ENCODES A PROTEIN THAT HAS HOMOLOGIES TO VERTEBRATE PROTEINS OF THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

The formation of the dorsoventral axis of the Drosophila embryo depends on cell‐cell interactions that take place in the female ovary and involve the activation of transmembrane receptors by secreted ligands. The gene windbeutel functions in the somatic follicle cells of the ovary and is required for the generation of a signal that will determine the ventral side of the embryo. This signal originates in the follicle cells during oogenesis, but its actions are only manifested after fertilization, when the egg has already been laid. We have performed a molecular analysis of windbeutel. We have found that windbeutel encodes a putative resident protein of the endoplasmic reticulum, and has homologs in rats and humans. The gene is expressed for a brief period of time in the follicle cells of the ovary, at around the time when the dorsoventral axis of the egg chamber is first established. We propose that Windbeutel is responsible for the folding and/or modification of a specific factor that is secreted from the follicle cells and participates in the activation of the ventralizing signal.
The tobacco reliquary

On Jan. 11, 1964, at a packed press conference in Washington, DC, Dr. Luther L. Terry, surgeon general of the United States Public Health Service, released the report, Smoking and Health: Report of the Advisory Committee to the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service . One of the most important
A Study of the Responses of Three Psychotic Groups to a Test of Suggestibility

Resume Un test de suggestibilite qu'on a employe pour des personnes normales est employe dans cinquante-trois cas de Demence precoce, type catatonique; dans douze cas de Demence precoce, type paranoide; et dans dix-huit cas de Psychose maniaque depressive, phase maniaque. Dans le test on donne des suggestions au sujet dont les yeux sont bandes, qu'il tombe en avant et les mouvements de son corps sont enregistres par un indicateur. Les reponses sont divisees en celles qui montrent la suggestibilite positive, le negatisme, et celles ou il ne donne aucune reponse a la stimulation. Cinquante-neuf pour cent du groupe catatonique a donne des reponses negatives, cinquante-quatre pour cent du groupe paranoide a donne des reponses positives, et cinquante-huit pour cent des resultats du groupe maniaque n'a montre aucune reponse a la stimulation. Les resultats obtenus montrent que (1) la methode employee le rend possible de procurer des resultats objectifs des reponses catatoniques negatives; (2) le groupe paranoide...
Quantitative Evaluation of Environmental Surface Cleanliness in Pediatrics Intensive Care Unit

Background/Objectives: The objective of the present study was to quantitatively evaluate the environmental surface cleanliness in the pediatrics intensive care unit (PICU) of hospitals and to monitor the efficacy of the cleaning methods used. Methods: 22 different kinds of environmental surfaces in PICU, Fuwai Heart Hospital & Cardiovascular Institute were chosen based on the hand contact frequency and contamination risk level. Their cleanliness was evaluated using an ATP bioluminescence method. Results: It was shown that the average ATP values of simple respirator, physiological bedside monitor panel, infusion pump panel, pressurized infusion bag ball and nurse's table were >500 relative light units (RLU) before cleaning, indicating high contamination risk, while the RLUs of all environmental surfaces reduced to 500 4 h after cleaning. It is surprising to discover that the average RLU of a blood-gas analyzer panel, screen and injection port were >15,000. Conclusions: It is concluded that in a PICU the use of an ATP method could provide quantitative information of cleaning efficacy and ATP trends, to allow identification of environmental surfaces that require additional cleaning or cleaning schedule amendments.
Isolation of blood group A substance from Tubifex rivulorum

Es wird uber das Vorkommen von Agglutininen und Blutgruppensubstanzen bei Avertebraten berichtet. Besonders interessant sind dabei Agglutinine gegen Neuraminsaure sowie die Verbreitung von Blutgruppensubstanz A.
De novo synthesis of peroxidase in cotton ovule culture medium

The biosynthesis of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Stoneville 208′) peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) has been investigated in an organ culture system, since this enzyme may play a role in cell wall biogenesis or host defense mechanisms. Electrophoretic analysis of proteins from cotton ovule cultures indicated relatively few proteins being released into the surrounding medium. De novo synthesis of released peroxidase and other medium proteins was determined by in vivo labeling of ovule cultures with [35S]-methionine. Analysis of labeled culture medium by denatured gel electrophoresis followed by fluorography showed incorporation of isotope into 2 major proteins with molecular weights of 30 kD and 56 kD, as well as a limited number of minor proteins. Similar analysis of native isoelectric focusing gels coupled with autoradiography demonstrated [35S]-methionine incorporation into 2 major proteins with pI values of 4.3 and 5.0. The pI 5.0 protein was shown to have a molecular weight of 30 kD. The pI 4.3 protein had a molecular weight of 56 kD and was shown to be peroxidase by activity staining. Minor radiolabeled proteins were observed in the cationic region of the isoelectric focusing gels.
PC software performance tuning

PC software has not kept pace with the hardware it runs on. Sluggish software often stems from programmers' reluctance to profile code unless it runs "too slowly." This article describes some programming tricks and a new tool for tuning code running on Intel-based PCs.
The superplastic response of three rapidly solidified microduplex stainless steels of varying ferrite-austenite content

Abstract The superplastic properties of three splat-quenched microduplex stainless steels with different α-to-γ ratios (30%α-70%γ, 50%α-50%gg and 70%α-30%γ) were deformed in constant cross-head speed creep tests over the temperature range 950–1070°C (1223–1343 K). All three alloys show superplastic behavior at low strain rates. The 50%α-50%γ alloy exhibited a tensile elongation of 500% at 1070°C (1343 K) at a strain rate of 2 × 10−4 s−1. Increasing or decreasing the ferrite or austenite content from the ratio of 50% α to 50%γ results in a decrease in total elongation, the decrease being larger for the high ferrite content alloy. During deformation the reaction α → γ + Cr2N takes place, preferentially near cavities and fracture surfaces.
Percutaneous myocardial and pericardial biopsy with the Menghini needle

Abstract A simple, safe method of obtaining myocardial or pericardial tissue for analysis by light or electron microscopy or for culture has obvious application. The Menghini needle has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective instrument for the aspiration biopsy of liver and kidney. Therefore, application of aspiration biopsy with a 17 gauge Menghini needle to the heart by means of the left ventricular apical percutaneous approach has been evaluated in humans in 27 myocardial and 8 pericardial biopsies. Adequate tissue was obtained in all except one pericardial and two myocardial biopsy attempts. Of the eight pericardial biopsies, the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis was made in two cases and carcinomatous invasion of the pericardium was made in another two cases. Three cases showed nonspecific pericarditis. Of the 27 myocardial biopsies, 6 were examined by light microscopy and 21 were examined by electron microscopy. Light microscopy revealed no specific findings. However, electron microscopy showed moderate to severe intracellular abnormalities, the significance of which remains to be determined. Biopsy procedure takes 5 minutes or less under local anesthesia following mild premedication. Pneumothorax occurred in two patients and transient mild pleuritic chest pain occurred in four patients. Both complications were well tolerated. The technique seems effective and safe. Its utility and application remain to be determined.
Surgical management of stage III and IV neuroblastoma: Resection before or after chemotherapy?

Local control is vital for long-term survival for patients with stage III neuroblastoma, and although cure is difficult, ultimate success in stage IV neuroblastoma will necessitate control of the primary tumor as well as effective therapy of the metastases. The proper timing of surgical resection of the primary tumor is uncertain. Patients with stage III and IV neuroblastoma treated from 1977 to 1988 were retrospectively reviewed as to whether the resection was performed before or after chemotherapy. Complications assessed include significant blood loss, damage to adjacent organs, and delays before postsurgical chemotherapy could be given. Sixty patients were treated primarily at the authors' institution: 18 with stage III and 42 with stage IV disease. Chemotherapy consisted of combinations of nitrogen mustard, adriamycin, dacarbazine (DTIC), cisplatin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (MADDOC). Nine patients with stage III neuroblastoma underwent initial resection of the primary tumor before receiving chemotherapy. Three had complications, all with excessive blood loss (0.57, 2.0, and 3.0 times the estimated total blood volume [TBV]). One patient had renal infarction, and another had regrowth of the tumor before chemotherapy could be administered 35 days after surgery. There were no complications in the eight secondary explorations, four of which were complete resections. All had viable tumor in the resected specimen. Eleven of the 42 stage IV patients had primary resections, 5 of whom had complications: colocutaneous fistula, unilateral renal necrosis, chylothorax, and excessive blood loss (1.3 and 2 TBV). None of the 18 patients with delayed resection after 3 to 12 courses of chemotherapy had surgical complications with complete (14 patients), near complete (2 patients), or subtotal resections (2 patients).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Social context affects phee call production by nonreproductive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Common marmosets produce two variants of their long call (phee call) in different situations. Intergroup calls are produced in territorial situations, and intragroup separation calls are produced by marmosets isolated from group members. Marmoset groups frequently include postpubertal, nonreproductive members; their roles in the spontaneous production of territorial vocalizations is unclear. This study analyzed the production of home cage phee calls by nonreproductive, postpubertal marmosets while they were housed in their natal groups and after pairing with an opposite-sex conspecific. Additionally, the production of the separation phee call variant was assessed in both social conditions. The results indicated that the marmosets rarely produced home cage, or territorial, phee calls while they were natally housed. In contrast, both males and females produced the territorial phee call at a much higher rate as early as 4 days after pairing. Age-matched females remaining in their natal groups throughout the study produced home cage phee calls infrequently. Most marmosets produced separation phee calls at a high rate after separation from either their natal group or a partner, suggesting that the makeup of a social group has little effect on an animal's motivation to reunite with conspecifics. These results suggest that the social environment has an important influence on the production of territorial phee calls. Am. J. Primatol. 43:135–146, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PHOTOINHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN NATURAL WATERS

Abstract— A quantitative analysis of the wavelength-dependent influence of solar irradiance on natural phytoplankton photosynthesis has been made. The effect on productivity due to several different UV radiation regimes has been measured. In the course of this analysis, it has been shown that the biological weighting function for photoinhibition of chloroplasts (Jones and Kok, 1966) allows the calculation of a biologically effective dose which is consistent with the measured photoinhibition in natural phytoplankton populations. The ecological implications of a change in available UV radiation, possibly due to anthropogenic altering of the ozone layer, are explored and it is found that the present static bottle l4C technique of measuring in situ phytoplankton productivity does not lend itself to assessing accurately the potential ecological consequences of possible increased MUV (middle ultraviolet radiation in the 280–340 nm region) on phytoplankton populations. A small change in MUV has a relatively minor effect on photoinhibition dose rates whereas it has a large potential effect on DNA dose rates.
SPECTRA AND APPLICATION OF WHITE NEUTRONS FROM DEUTERON BOMBARDMENT OF BERYLLIUM.

Abstract Data are reported on the spectra of neutrons produced by bombardment of a thick beryllium target by pulsed deuterons of 5.2 MeV energy at several angles of observation. The neutrons produced at 45° are used to measure the transmission of carbon and polyethylene samples to illustrate application of the neutron source to the measurement of nuclear excitation functions in the energy range below 8.5 MeV, using time-of-flight monochromatization. Comparisons with other systems are discussed.
The Influence of the Second and Outer Coordination Spheres on Rh(diphosphine)2 CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysts

A series of [Rh(PCH2XRCH2P)2]+ complexes was prepared to investigate second and outer coordination sphere effects on CO2 hydrogenation catalysis, where X is CH2 (dppp) or X–R is N–CH3, N–CH2COOH (glycine), N–CH2COOCH3 (Gly-OMe), or N–CH2C(O)N–CH(CH3)COOCH3 (GlyAla-OMe). All of these complexes were active for CO2 reduction to formate, with the N–CH3 derivative offering an 8-fold enhancement over the dppp derivative, which is consistent with increased electron density around the metal. Despite the increase in rate with the addition of the pendant nitrogen, the addition of electron withdrawing amino acids and dipeptides to the amine resulted in complexes with reductions in rate of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, most consistent with a change in pKa of the pendant amine, resulting in lower activity. Collectively, the data suggest multiple contributions of the pendant amine in this catalytic system.
Combined extensor pollicis brevis and radial collateral ligament injury: Three case reports

Three cases of radial collateral ligament (RCL) rupture of the thumb metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint mad avulsion of the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendon are described. Extensor pollicis brevis injury is intimately associated with tearing of the adjacent dorsoradial capsule, as demonstrated clinically and on cadaver dissection. Tears of the dorsal capsule and EPB tendon, when associated with RCL rupture, allow palmar subluxation of the MP joint and should be repaired. The recognition of this association allows the surgeon to distinguish stable RCL injuries, treatable by a cast, from unstable RCL injuries, which should be treated surgically. Case 1 A 39-year-old right-handed man presented with an injury to the MP joint 4 weeks after a basketball struck his thumb. The joint lacked full extension, had an ulnar deviation deformity of 30 ~ , and was palmarly subluxed. The RCL was unstable and could be stressed to 60 ~ compared to 15 ~ on the normal side (Fig. 1). An x-ray film showed ulnar deviation and palmar subluxation of the thumb MP joint (Fig. 2). At surgery, the RCL had ruptured from the metacarpal. The abductor pollicis brevis aponeurosis was intact. The dorsal capsule and the EPB were torn at the same level. Traction on the distal end of the
The physical state of solutes and water in living cells according to the association-induction hypothesis.

Cells shrink in concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium chloride or sucrose; they swell in more dilute solutions. Similarly, a sac made of parchment paper, dead animal bladder, or copper ferrocyanide gel, filled with an aqueous solution, may gain or lose water in such environments. On the basis of the resemblance among these osmotic behaviors, Pfeffer formulated the membrane theory a century ag0.l Membranes of the above sort-with high permeability to water and much lower permeability to alcohols, sugars, and salts-were later referred to as semipermeable membranes. Pfeffer suggested that a semipermeable membrane surrounds all living cells and is responsible for the discontinuity of the cell from its aqueous environment. At the turn of the century, Overton postulated that the plasma membrane consists of a continuous lipid layer.2, In support of this idea, Overton and, later, Collander 4 9 demonstrated a linear correlation between the solubilities in oil of nonelectrolytes ranging from monohydric alcohols to glycerol and their relative rates of penetration into living cells, both parameters covering ranges of 5 logarithmic scales. Later measurement of the surface tensions of living cells showed inconsistency with this lipid membrane theory. The measured surface tension was found to be more than one-hundredfold lower than predicted if the cell surface is A remedial suggestion was then introduced; i.e., the lipid layer is sandwiched between two hydrophilic protein layers, thus diminishing the cell surface tensi0n.O The implicit assumption was that these protein layers, themselves, would not alter the cell's permeability. A serious deficiency persists in this model even after the remedial postulation of protein covering the cell surfaces; i.e., a lipid membrane is not a bona fide semipermeable membrane. Thus, ethyl alcohol is 40 times more soluble in oil than water is.1O From the relation given by Collander between the oil/ water distribution coefficient and permeability, ethyl alcohol should be 100 times more permeant to the cell membrane than water, rather than less permeant. This is hardly acceptable, because it was the much greater permeability of pig's bladder to water than to ethyl alcohol that led Abbe Nollet to the first recorded observation of osmotic phenomena in 1748." To remedy this and other defects, Collander and Barlund 1 2 then suggested that the lipid layer had small pores through which water molecules, but not the larger alcohols and sugars, could pass.
Research on Polymers as Sizing Agents—Laboratory to Loom:

Earlier research on the development of durable polymeric sizing agents for room temperature application to cotton yarns has been expanded to full warp slashing and weaving evaluation. Weaving of ya...
Concussion-Assessment and -Management Techniques Used by Athletic Trainers

Context: Understanding concussion-assessmment and -management practices that athletic trainers (ATs) currently use will allow clinicians to identify potential strategies for enhancing the quality o...
Social and cultural factors are related to perceived colorectal cancer screening benefits and intentions in African Americans

Models that explain preventive behaviors, such as colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, do not account for social and cultural factors relevant to African Americans. This exploratory study examined the relationship between socio-cultural factors (e.g., traditional acculturative strategy, group-based medical mistrust, physician ethnicity, and group-level perceptions of susceptibility) and perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and CRC screening intentions among African Americans (N = 198; Age: M = 59.7, SD = 9.9; 65% female; 44% household income $50,000+). Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the following models with perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and screening intentions as the outcomes: (a) traditional acculturative strategy x medical mistrust; (b) physician's ethnicity x medical mistrust; (c) group susceptibility x medical mistrust; and (d) group susceptibility x traditional acculturative strategy. Results revealed that perceiving high group susceptibility while being both more culturally traditional and less mistrustful was associated with more perception of screening benefits. Greater intention to be screened was associated with perceiving high group susceptibility while having a more traditional cultural orientation and low levels of mistrust in those with African American physicians. These results suggest that it may be beneficial to include these social and cultural factors in behavioral interventions to increase CRC screening among African Americans.
The localization of the hemoglobin messenger RNA on the 40-S ribosomal subunit of rabbit reticulocyte polysomes.

Abstract The identification of the hemoglobin mRNA has enabled direct analysis of the ribosomal subunit location of mRNA in mammalian polysomes. Polysomes were exposed to a concentration of pyrophosphate which completely converted polysomes and monosomes to subunits without freeing the mRNA. The subunits were separated and analyzed for mRNA. Such studies show that all the mRNA is associated with the small ribosomal subunit (40 S). This is the first direct analysis of this association in mammalian polysomes and it shows that as in bacterial systems mRNA is associated with the small subunit.
The Use of Tricyclic Antidepressants and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Women Who Are Breastfeeding

Postpartum depression is a well-recognized psychiatric condition that has gained increased attention over the past decade due to several nationally publicized tragedies. Medical management of this condition in women who are breastfeeding provides a unique challenge to health care professionals who may seek to maintain a fine balance between limiting the infant's exposure to hormone-altering drugs and maintaining the benefits of breastfeeding. No controlled trials have examined antidepressant therapy in nursing women; however, numerous case reports and case series have been published. Relatively few serious adverse effects have been reported. Although tricyclic antidepressants have been the treatment of choice in the past, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are gaining popularity due to their superior safety profiles. Of all the agents reviewed in the literature, sertraline was the most prescribed, and no adverse effects were reported. Therefore, this agent would be a good first choice for treatment-naive women. For treatment of postpartum depression in women with a history of successfully treated depression, the most practical approach may be to continue therapy with the previously effective agent. Treatment should be maintained at the lowest effective dosage to minimize infant exposure. Both mother and child should be closely monitored; in addition, collaboration between the prescribing physician and the child's pediatrician is essential.
Simplified dispatch-assisted CPR instructions outperform standard protocol

Summary Objective Dispatch-assisted chest compressions only CPR (CC-CPR) has gained widespread acceptance, and recent research suggests that increasing the proportion of compression time during CPR may increase survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. We created a simplified CC-CPR protocol to reduce time to start chest compressions and to increase the proportion of time spent delivering chest compressions. This simplified protocol was compared to a published protocol, Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) Version 11.2, recommended by the National Academies of Emergency Dispatch. Methods Subjects were randomized to the MPDS v11.2 protocol or a simplified protocol. Data was recorded from a Laerdal ® Resusci ® Anne Skillreporter™ manikin. A simulated emergency medical dispatcher, contacted by cell phone, delivered standardized instructions for both protocols. Outcomes included chest compression rate, depth, hand position, full release, overall proportion of compressions without error, time to start of CPR and total hands-off chest time. Proportions were analyzed by Wilcoxon's Rank Sum tests and time variables with Welch ANOVA and Wilcoxon's Rank Sum test. All tests used a two-sided α-level of 0.05. Results One hundred and seventeen subjects were randomized prospectively, 58 to the standard protocol and 59 to the simplified protocol. The average age of subjects in both groups was 25 years old. For both groups, the compression rate was equivalent (104 simplified versus 94 MPDS, p =0.13), as was the proportion with total release (1.0 simplified versus 1.0 MPDS, p =0.09). The proportion to the correct depth was greater in the simplified protocol (0.31 versus 0.03, p p =0.16). Time to start of chest compressions and total hands-off chest time were better in the simplified protocol (start time 60.9s versus 78.6s, p p p Conclusions The simplified protocol was as good as, or better than the MPDS v11.2 protocol in every aspect studied except hand position, and the simplified protocol resulted in significant time savings. The protocol may need modification to ensure correct hand position. Time savings and improved quality of CPR achieved by the new set of instructions could be important in strengthening critical links in the cardiac chain of survival.
Collisional activation of intramolecular nucleophilic displacement reactions: the formation of acetolactone from dissociation of α-haloacetate negative ions

Abstract The energetics and products of low energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) of a number of α-substituted acetate ions and β-substituted alkoxide ions have been investigated. Analysis of the appearance energies of the fragment ions produced yields limiting values for the endothermicities of the dissociation processes. These limits provide information about the neutral product and mechanism of dissociation. Several of these ions appear to undergo cyclization accompanied by intramolecular nucleophilic displacement in the course of dissociation. For example, the appearance energies measured for the production of X − by CID of XCH 2 CO − 2 (X = Cl, Br, I) indicate that the neutral C 2 H 2 O 2 product is the cyclic species acetolactone ( 1 ). Similarly, production of X − by dissociation of XCH 2 CH 2 O − (X = F, Cl, CH 3 O, CH 2 CHO) is accompanied by formation of the cyclic C 2 H 4 O species ethylene oxide ( 5 ).
Utility of CMR in identification of post lung transplant cardiovascular complications

Background Graft dysfunction after lung transplantation is typically attributable to infection or rejection. In the absence of these entities, structural cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities need to be sought. At our center this evaluation typically includes a myriad of diagnostic tests: echocardiography, chest computed tomographic angiography, nuclear medicine lung perfusion imaging, and right heart catheterization (RHC). This study was designed to evaluate the utility of a novel comprehensive CMR protocol for identification of all post-operative structural CV complications in lung transplant recipients. Methods We enrolled 80 consecutive lung transplant recipients who were referred for CMR evaluation of CV abnormalities. There were 47 men and 33 women; mean age 56.7 ±13.6 years; 55 Caucasians, 9 Hispanic, 13 African American, and 3 Asian. Underlying restrictive disease was present in 39 subjects, obstructive disorders in 22, and other disorders in 19. Forty-three subjects had undergone double lung transplant, while 37 subjects had single lung transplant (23 left lung, and 14 right lung). The comprehensive CMR protocol included complete short and long axis cine imaging (SSFP) to evaluate cardiac size and function; ECG gated spin echo imaging to assess pericardial thickness; contrast enhanced MRA of the pulmonary arterial (PA) and venous (PV) systems to assess for anastomotic site stenosis; phase contrast velocity flow mapping to assess anastomotic site peak velocity and right and left PA flow fraction; and inversion recovery SSFP to evaluate for myocardial fibrosis. Results All 80 subjects completed CMR imaging without difficulty and none were excluded from this analysis for reasons of image quality. The mean LVEF was 66.4±9.23%, mean RVEF was 54.37±10.45%, right and left PAs flow were 2.6±1.21 and 2.6± 1.31 liter/min, respectively. Specific complications identified and the prevalence is shown in Table 1. Patients with moderate or severe PA or PV anastomotic site stenosis underwent RHC and intravascular ultrasound, which confirmed CMR findings; patients with severe stenosis underwent stenting of the respective vessel. Patients with CMR evidence of pericardial constriction underwent pericardiectomy with improvement in symptoms. Conclusions A comprehensive CMR protocol can be a useful single noninvasive test for the detection of structural cardiovascular (CV) abnormalities after lung transplantation. Funding Not applicable.
Heterogeneity and interconnect

The current usage of client devices - smart phones, tracking devices and wearable electronics - force us to take a deep look at energy consumption, they demand long battery life. Energy needs also get exacerbated by the demands of high level of connectivity, the Always On Always Connected usage model expected of such devices. We are unable to predict the demands on these devices or the usable models two to three years down the future. But few things are certain, namely the demand for higher power, energy efficiency and a wide dynamic range of operation. The talk will explore the trends and show how these affect the hardware and software architecture and its directions. In particular, the heterogeneity of mixing various types of processing elements, accelerators with a flexible interconnect fabric will be explored and some architectural findings on flexible interconnect and 3DIC will be shared.
Use of medicines in communities of Palestinian refugees: a mixed-methods study

Background Little is known about medication use in refugee communities, including for individuals who are under the care of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) in Jordan. We therefore assessed how perceptions and knowledge about health and medicines affect treatment decisions for households, primarily mothers, in refugee communities. Methods We undertook semistructured household interviews and a questionnaire-based survey of customers who sought to purchase medications from private pharmacies between 2002 and 2003, in UNRWA's Baqa'a and Wihdat refugee camps in Jordan. Our convenience sample consisted of 15 households and two private pharmacies. We analysed the information from the household interviews using a qualitative case-study method. 70 customers (any age or sex) who sought to purchase a medication from a private pharmacy with or without a prescription completed the survey. Questionnaire items were derived from WHO's guidelines for the assessment of medication use in the community. Data were analysed with Microsoft Excel (version 10). Approval to undertake the study was obtained from UNRWA, Amman, Jordan. Households and survey respondents provided verbal informed consent. Findings Seven (10%) of 70 customers were privately insured, 35 (50%) self-medicated, and 67 (96%) did not seek advice from a pharmacist. Customers purchased a mean of 2·3 (range 1–6) unique medications from private pharmacies. Consumers and households preferred branded rather than generic medications despite the differences in costs. Households showed a preference for private physicians and pharmacies rather than UNRWA as their source of clinical and pharmacy services, respectively. 12 (80%) of 15 households had at least one case of inappropriate medication use, particularly the overuse of antibiotics and underuse of medications for chronic disease. 50 (15–120) expired and valid medications were stored at home by households and were mainly used by mothers and their children. The medications for chronic disease, specifically diabetes mellitus and hypertension, were often taken at the onset of symptoms and not as prescribed. Interpretation The use of medicines is widespread in the Palestinian refugee communities in Jordan, and medications are often used inappropriately. The results from this study provide strong evidence that the inappropriate use of some medications might be contributing to premature morbidity and mortality, especially in women and children. These findings suggest that community-based assessments and interventions are necessary to improve the use of medicines in these communities. Funding Council for the International Exchange of Scholars, and Fulbright Commission.
ARC Ignition Phenomena with a Transpiration Cooled Anode

This paper deals with the problem of ignition to the porous transpiration cooled anode of an arc in 1 atm. argon. This was observed for both porous graphite and sintered porous tungsten anodes, in the latter case causing melt spots to form which limited the useful life of the anode. A study was undertaken to overcome this problem in which the transient behavior of the arc current, voltage, anode surface area coverage and gas flow rate of transpiration gas was observed by high speed electronics and cinematography during the ignition period. From these data a computation of the anode current density vs. time showed abnormally high values during the first second or two following ignition; e.g. 1000 amps/cm2 averaged over the first second for a steady state arc current of 70 amps. The damage was attributed to excessive thermal loading during the arc growth period and eliminated by means of a properly control led ignition sequence.
The world's most powerful MRI takes shape

An MRI scanner equipped with a superconducting magnet strong enough to lift a 60-metric-ton battle tank will offer unprecedented images of the human brain when it comes on line a little more than a year from now, say its builders.
Sex differences in torpor patterns during natural hibernation in golden-mantled ground squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis)

Golden-mantled ground squirrels (Callospermophilus lateralis) have been subjects of laboratory investigations of hibernation for many years. As such, patterns of torpor for this species have been well characterized under laboratory conditions but not during natural hibernation. The purpose of this study was to determine torpor patterns of free-living C. lateralis and to correlate these patterns with the sex, age, and reproductive status of each animal, as well as environmental conditions. We surgically implanted body temperature (Tb) data loggers into the abdominal cavities of animals in late summer 2008 and 2009. In spring 2009 and 2010, animals were recaptured and loggers were removed. During hibernation, animals displayed mean (6 SEM) torpor bout lengths from 8 to 14 (6 0.3) days with maximum duration of 21 days, and minimum Tb of 0uC 6 1uC. Adult males entered hibernation later, emerged earlier, spent less time in torpor, and had fewer multiday torpor bouts than either females or juvenile males. These results suggest that torpor patterns in naturally hibernating C. lateralis are influenced by sex and reproductive status.
Pulmonary varix: blood flow is essential in the diagnosis

A 15-year-old girl presented with left-sided chest pain. A chest radiograph demonstrated a tubular structure in the left hemithorax. A helical CT angiogram suggested the diagnosis of an arteriovenous malformation, but selective pulmonary arteriography diagnosed the presence of a varix and excluded a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation.
The program of protein synthesis during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis

Abstract The program of protein synthesis was examined during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis as an index of the control of gene expression. At various stages of growth and spore formation, cells of B. subtilis were pulse-labeled with 35 S-methionine. Protein was extracted from the radioactively labeled bacteria and then subjected to high resolution one-dimensional and two-dimensional slab gel electrophoresis. We report that sporulating cells restricted or "turned off" the synthesis of certain polypeptides characteristic of the vegetative phase of growth. In certain cases, this "turn off" was prevented in a mutant (SpoOa-5NA) blocked at the first stage of spore formation. Sporulating bacteria also elaborated new polypeptide species that could not be detected in vegetatively growing cells or in cells of the asporogenous mutant SpoOa-5NA in sporulation medium. The synthesis of these sporulation-specific proteins was "turned on" in a temporally defined sequence throughout the period of spore formation. Spore coat protein, for example, was first synthesized at 4 hr after the onset of sporulation, the time at which refractile prespores appeared. Certain sporulation-specific polypeptides including the coat protein were among the most actively produced polypeptides in sporulating cells.
Binuclear Rhenium(I) Complexes with Bridging [2.2]Paracyclophane−Diimine Ligands: Probing Electronic Coupling through π−π Interactions

Two pseudo-para substituted bis-diimino[2.2]paracyclophane ligands (4,16-bis(picolinaldimine)-[2.2]paracyclophane (BPPc) and 4,16-bis(methyl-picolinaldimine)-[2.2]paracyclophane (BmPPc)) were prepared by the condensation reaction of the appropriate picolinaldimine with 4,16-diamino-[2.2]paracyclophane (2). An improved synthesis of 2 from [2.2]paracyclophane also is reported. BPPc (3a): monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.2238(11) A, b = 15.336(2) A, c = 8.4532(11) A, β = 98.578(3)°, V = 1054.2(2) A3, Z = 2. To investigate the binding properties of the bis-diimino[2.2]paracyclophane ligands, binuclear rhenium(I) tricarbonyl chloride complexes [Re(CO)3Cl]2(μ-BPPc) (5a) and [Re(CO)3Cl]2(μ-BmPPc) (5b) were prepared and fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, UV−visible absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Two model complexes, Re(tolyl-pyCa)(CO)3Cl (4) (tolyl-pyCa = N-(p-tolyl)-2-pyridinecarboxaldimine) and [Re(CO)3Cl]2(μ-PBP) (6) (PBP = p-phenylenebis(picolinal...