cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Effects in the In-Flight Marketplace: Characterization and Managerial Implications:

This article investigates the in-flight marketplace, using detailed data of in-flight purchases to understand social effects in purchase behavior and determine their potential for designing marketing promotions. On average, a passenger is approximately 30% more likely to buy an item after being exposed to a lateral purchase. Analyses on the underlying mechanisms reveal that the classical social influence theories do not suffice to explain all the patterns in the data. The author proposes omission neglect, product contagion, and goal balancing as complementary theories. Finally, consumers' willingness to buy is shown to be positively correlated with responsiveness to social influence. This finding indicates that homophily and social feedback effects—classically viewed in the literature as nuisances—can provide targeting value for the firm. By taking these factors into account during behavior-based targeting, firms can double the social spillovers of marketing actions.
The Cardiovascular and Subjective Effects of Methamphetamine Combined with γ-vinyl-γ-aminobutyric acid (GVG) in Non-Treatment Seeking Methamphetamine-dependent Volunteers

Gamma-vinyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GVG) elevates central nervous system gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels by irreversibly inhibiting GABA transaminase. An open-label clinical trial in humans suggested that GVG may reduce cocaine and methamphetamine use. To test safety and to obtain preliminary data on efficacy of GVG for treating methamphetamine dependence, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of GVG interaction with the cardiovascular and subjective effects produced by methamphetamine. Non-treatment seeking methamphetamine-dependent volunteers received either GVG (N=8) or placebo (N=9) by random assignment. GVG treatment was initiated at 1 g/day and increased to 5 g/day. After reaching the target dose of 5 g/day, participants received methamphetamine (15+30 mg, IV), and cardiovascular and subjective effects were assessed. No serious adverse events were noted, and the total number of adverse events was similar between the treatment groups. Considering the full time course and peak effects independently, no significant differences were detected between the groups for systolic or diastolic blood pressures, or heart rate, following methamphetamine exposure. Some methamphetamine-induced cardiovascular changes approached significance (p<0.10) and may warrant attention in future trials. Methamphetamine-induced subjective effects ("any drug effect", "high", "crave methamphetamine") were statistically similar between GVG and placebo treatment groups. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that GVG treatment did not alter methamphetamine or amphetamine plasma levels, and there was no association between methamphetamine or amphetamine plasma levels and peak cardiovascular effects. Taken together, the data indicate that GVG treatment is generally well tolerated but not efficacious in attenuating the positive subjective effects of methamphetamine in the laboratory.
The quadruple-tank process: a multivariable laboratory process with an adjustable zero

A multivariable laboratory process that consists of four interconnected water tanks is presented. The linearized dynamics of the system have a multivariable zero that is possible to move along the real axis by changing a valve. The zero can be placed in both the left and the right half-plane. In this way the quadruple-tank process is ideal for illustrating many concepts in multivariable control, particularly performance limitations due to multivariable right half-plane zeros. The location and the direction of the zero have an appealing physical interpretation. Accurate models are derived from both physical and experimental data and decentralized control is demonstrated on the process.
A prospective study of Autologous Growth Factors (AGF) in lumbar interbody fusion

Abstract Background Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have reported on the use of platelet concentrates to promote tissue healing. The results in spinal fusion applications are limited and controversial. Purpose The purpose of the current prospective clinical cohort study is to assess the effect of Autologous Growth Factors (AGF) on lumbar interbody fusion with specific attention paid to determination of clinical and radiographic outcomes. Study design/setting Prospective clinical study Patient sample Candidates for anterior-posterior lumbar fusion with diagnosis of degenerative disc disease and/or up to grade I spondylolytic spondylolisthesis based on positive provocative discography. Outcome measures Clinical (visual analogue pain scale/functional outcome assessment) and radiographic outcomes (fusion on computed tomography at 6 months and plain radiographs at 12 and 24 months). Methods Thirty-seven patients were assigned to standard anterior-posterior interbody fusion L2–S1 (single or two-level) using iliac crest bone graft (autograft group: 22 patients with 32 levels operated) or allograft combined with autogenous growth factors (AGF group: 15 patients with 25 levels operated). Radiographic outcomes were collected at 6 months postsurgery with computed tomography and at 12 and 24 months with plain radiographs. Pre- and postoperative clinical outcome measures included visual analog scores (VAS) for back and leg pain (0–10), SF-36 scores, and Oswestry disability determination. Average clinical and radiographic follow-up for the autograft group was 24.3+/−5.6 months (12–36 months) and AGF was 25.7+/−7.5 (6–40 months). Results Fusion incorporation at each end plate was determined at 56% in both autograft and AGF (p=NS) patients based on computed tomography at 6 months with minimal subsidence noted and no direct correlation between the incidence or degree of cage subsidence and bone graft technique. The 12- and 24-month radiographic results confirmed an 85% arthrodesis rate for the autograft patients, whereas the AGF patients had an 89% fusion rate (p=NS). Clinical outcomes were similar for both groups and no significant differences were noted for pain or functional outcome improvements. Conclusions AGF combined with an allograft carrier is equivalent in radiographic and clinical outcomes to autograft in one- or two-level lumbar interbody fusion with supplemental posterior fixation and, thus, eliminates any morbidity from iliac crest bone graft harvesting. AGF combined with an appropriate carrier is a reasonable alternative to autograft and expensive bone induction technologies. Further research is still required to examine the optimum carriers, preparation and formulation, and platelet concentrations for this technology.
Making Sense of Culture

I present a brief review of problems in the sociological study of culture, followed by an integrated, interdisciplinary view of culture that eschews extreme contextualism and other orthodoxies. Culture is defined as the conjugate product of two reciprocal, componential processes. The first is a dynamically stable process of collectively made, reproduced, and unevenly shared knowledge structures that are informational and meaningful, internally embodied, and externally represented and that provide predictability, coordination equilibria, continuity, and meaning in human actions and interactions. The second is a pragmatic component of culture that grounds the first, and it has its own rules of usage and a pragmatically derived structure of practical knowledge. I also offer an account of change and draw on knowledge activation theory in exploring the microdynamics of cultural practice and propose the concept of cultural configuration as a better way of studying cultural practice in highly heterogeneous moder...
Olfactory Adaptation in Drosophila Larvae

To accommodate both high sensitivity as well as the ability to respond to a broad range of stimulus concentrations, an organism must possess some means of modulating the gain of its sensory systems. This phenomenon is known as adaptation. Here, we demonstrate that Drosophila larvae can adapt to three odorants in a behavioral paradigm. Larval olfactory adaptation is concentration- and dose-dependent. Olfactory and visual adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster adults is dependent on the transient receptor potential (trp) calcium channel. Recovery from olfactory adaptation, which is TRP-dependent in adults, is shown to be unaffected by a loss-of-function trp mutation in larvae. Moreover, the TRP gene product is not expressed in the larval olfactory organs. These observations suggest a role for trp in mediating sensory function that is conserved between sensory modalities in adults but is not conserved between developmental stages.
Erratum to: Methyl labeling and TROSY NMR spectroscopy of proteins expressed in the eukaryote Pichia pastoris

Acknowledgments Funding was provided by a National Science Foundation Predoctoral Fellowship (Grant No. 1000136529 to L.C.), the Welch Foundation (I-1770 to D.M.R, I-1544 to M.K.R., I-1424 to K.H.G.), the Searle Scholars Program (D.M.R), a Packard Foundation Fellowship (D.M.R), the National Institutes of Health (T32 GM008297 supporting J.Z., R01 GM106239 to K.H.G., R01GM56322 to M.K.R.) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (M.K.R.). NMR spectroscopy at UTSW is supported by NIH instrumentation grants 1S10RR26461-1 and 1S10OD018027-01.
Broadband phase conversion of the frequency tripled Omega laser

One year ago, implementation of distributed phase plates on the twenty-four frequency tripled beamlines of the Omega laser system had increased the overall irradiation uniformity to an ~10% (rms) level.1 Target performance increased as a result of reducing the irradiation hot spots due to normal beam focusing. However, target performance did not improve to the level of theoretical predictions.
Enzymatic Activity in Human Synovial Fluid from Rheumatoid and Non-Rheumatoid Patients.

SummaryEnzyme assays have been done on sonicated cells after separation from synovial fluid (I), supernatant synovial fluid (II), and sonicated whole synovial fluid including cells (III). 2 lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase and lysozyme), 2 glycolytic enzymes (lactic dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase), and adenylate kinase levels were measured in each of the 3 samples from each synovial fluid. Rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid fluids were studied.Results suggested that lysozyme derived at least in part from connective tissue. Lysozyme released from suspended cells by sonication was partially inhibited by supernatant synovial fluid (both rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid), as was commercial egg-white lysozyme added to synovial fluid. Lactic dehydrogenase was inhibited somewhat by rheumatoid synovial fluid and by 2 gouty synovial fluids studied. Commercial lactic dehydrogenase added to rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial fluid was partially inhibited by the rheumatoid and not by the non-rheumatoid fluid.
Dynamic Load Control on a Finite Span Wind Turbine Blade Using Synthetic Jets

The feasibility of active flow control to mitigate hysteresis loop due to a dynamically pitching finite span s809 blade was investigated experimentally at a Reynolds number of 220,000. Under normal operating conditions, hysteresis loop and tip vibrations exist, which with extended exposure would cause blade fatigue and eventually translate to a reduced lifetime of wind turbines. In this regard, active flow control via arrays of synthetic jet actuators was explored as a means to control flow separation over the finite span blade, which can lead to mitigation of these undesired unsteady loads. In the present work, a six-component load cell was used to measure the aerodynamic loading of lift, drag and pitching moment. Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) measurements were also performed to understand the effects of synthetic jets on flow separation during dynamic pitch, and to correlate these effects to the forces and moment measurements. It was shown that active flow control could delay or minimize dynamic stall through the reduction of the hysteresis loop of the aerodynamic loads. This implies less unsteady aerodynamic loadings on the blade, which can potentially lead to prolonged life of wind turbines.
Factors Affecting Hemagglutination by Enteroviruses

Discussion and summarySome of the factors that are known to affect the agglutination of various erythrocytes by viruses are the age of the donor animal, the hydrogen ion concentration of the diluent and the temperatures at which erythrocytes are allowed to sediment. The results reported here indicate that these factors, either singly or in combination, also affect the agglutination of human erythrocytes by enteroviruses known to possess this property.Cord erythrocytes or diluents of specific hydrogen ion concentration are not usually necessary for demonstration of enterovirus hemagglutinins. However, the use of these cells and of diluents other than those buffered at or above pH 7.0 has enabled us to detect hemagglutinating activity where it existed in what might be termed a “borderline state.” This was exemplified by our demonstration of hemagglutination by ECHO virus type 24. Other reports(15,29,30) have indicated that the pH optimum for hemagglutination reactions with certain enteroviruses was other th...
Research and Application of Real-time Lossless Compression Technique Based on Time Series Data in EMS

Aiming at poorness of real-time,loss of data accuracy and low compression rate of time series database,the paper proposes a real-time lossless compression technique based on time series data and it introduces implementation of fast,lossless and effective compression by means of differentials,difference or calculation;furthermore,120 MB time series data is tested in terms of sine data,increasing data,power disturbance data and switching value data by real-time lossless compression technique and Zip and Lzo compression algorithm in laboratory test.The test result shows that compression rate of lossless compression technique can be as high as 100∶1;lossless,effective and fast compression of time series data and it is of great fault-tolerant capability.
What Edward Snowden can teach theorists of conscientious law-breaking

The article recalls the triple-pronged normative structure of familiar liberal democratic theorists of civil disobedience, who argued that conscientious law-breaking should rest on political, moral and legal claims. In opposition to a certain tendency among recent theoreticians of civil disobedience to reduce this complex multi-pronged normativity to one or two prongs (i.e. the political or the moral), I use the case of Edward Snowden’s whistle-blowing to illustrate and defend the triple-pronged approach. In particular, any sound as well as effective model of civil disobedience needs to highlight its legal underpinnings: conscientious law-breaking should be conceived as ultimately resting on – or expressing basic fidelity to – the law or legality. Only by taking this legal prong seriously can civil disobedients fully acknowledge the pluralistic character of modern societies. Against some radical critics, I argue that this legal approach does not in fact necessarily favor the legal or political status quo....
Diseases of the adrenal cortex. II. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Because the physiological and psychosexual ramifications of congenital adrenal hyperplasia are so extensive, a clear understanding of the nature and treatment of this condition is imperative for the physician caring for pediatric patients.
Pathological Retinal Angiogenesis

Research into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying angiogenesis has led to the identification of numerous endogenous factors that act as promoters and inhibitors of pathological retinal neovascularization. The most potent of the promoters, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), already has been validated as a therapeutic target, with two clinically approved agents currently in use. This article reviews the modes of action of VEGF, as well as the other endogenous regulatory molecules whose roles in ocular neovascularization are best characterized with a view to outlining possible new therapeutic options, whether to be employed singly or in combinatorial approaches.
Where do we go from here?: examining intimate partner violence by bringing male victims, female perpetrators, and psychological sciences into the fold

Gender symmetry in intimate partner violence (IPV) has come to light in research, stirring much controversy. Historically, there has been resistance toward re-conceptualizing the problem from a psychology-informed framework, rather than from functional sociological discourse. Issues in examining IPV, with consideration of typologies, male victimization, and female perpetration, are discussed. Reporting, outcomes, revictimization, and perceptions of male victims and female perpetrators are addressed. An argument is offered for increased focus on psychological science, including theory and data from clinical, couple, and family systems disciplines, in addressing partner violence. A framework is provided for integrated, effective, and accurate approaches to IPV in discourse, policy, and service.
A standard methodology for the analysis, recording, and control of verbal behavior

Lack of a standard methodology has been one of the major obstacles preventing advancement of behavior analytic research in verbal behavior. This article presents a standard method for the analysis, recording, and control of verbal behavior that overcomes several major methodological problems that have hindered operant research in verbal behavior. The system divides all verbal behavior into four functional response classes, correct, error, no response, and inappropriate behavior, from which all vocal responses of a subject may be classified and consequated. The effects of contingencies of reinforcement on verbal operants within each category are made immediately visible to the researcher as changes in frequency of response. Incorporating frequency of response within each category as the unit of response allows both rate and probability of verbal response to be utilized as basic dependent variables. This method makes it possible to record and consequate verbal behavior in essentially the same way as any other operant response. It may also facilitate an experimental investigation of Skinner's verbal response categories.
Measuring Preventable Outcomes: Global Cardiovascular Risk (GCVR).

The National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) piloted a new approach to quality measurement meant to reduce avoidable cardiac events and improve overall population health. In this pilot, we investigated whether a standardized technical specification could sufficiently define a process to reliably generate predicted outcome scores from heterogeneous electronic clinical data systems (ECDS). Patient data was electronically extracted from four different healthcare organizations and processed by the Archimedes, Inc. Global Outcomes calculator generating scores indicating future cardiovascular event probability for each provider’s patient population. These Global Cardiovascular Risk (GCVR) scores represent the gap between current level of care achieved and optimal care for each clinician’s patients with a greater score indicating better performance. As GCVR requires more patient data than traditional quality measures, we sought to address feasibility and data completeness questions in order to understand the prospects of a wholly new quality concept. This pilot successfully produced GCVR scores for 2,251 clinicians, representing approximately 60 percent of the total patient population under study. To our knowledge, this is the first time predictive models have been proposed for quality measurement and our pilot successfully demonstrated that a predicted outcome measure is feasible using electronic patient data, however new specification standards are required before this approach is fully scalable to a national quality reporting program.
Pediatric Robotic Anti-reflux Procedures

Patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) initially come to our attention because of either a prenatal finding of hydronephrosis or a febrile urinary tract infection in the first few years of life. If not already done, initial workup includes a renal ultrasound and possibly a VCUG. Prophylactic antibiotics are often recommended at least until the above-mentioned studies are done. Once the diagnosis of reflux is established, treatment options include surveillance, surveillance with prophylactic antibiotics, and anti-reflux surgery. In general, conservative measures are initially employed and if those fail (e.g., breakthrough febrile urinary tract infections on prophylactic antibiotics), anti-reflux surgery is discussed. At all interactions during the course of patient care, the patient and parents are educated on the nature of reflux and treatment options so they may make educated decisions. At our institution, robotic anti-reflux surgery is most often approached by an extravesical ureteral reimplant. Although intravesical approaches have also been described, this chapter is limited to the extravesical technique.
Origins of cytoplasmic dynein

Abstract Cytoplasmic dynein was initially identified as a very minor MAP, MAP1C (microtubule-associated protein 1C), in purified calf brain microtubule preparations. MAP1C could be dramatically enriched by elimination of nucleotides from the microtubule preparations, and then extracted using ATP. The first indication of a relationship to axonemal dynein was from scanning transmission electron microscopy, as well as microtubule-activated ATPase and microtubule gliding assays. The latter also revealed MAP1C/cytoplasmic dynein to represent the first retrograde microtubule motor protein, which has proven to be responsible for a remarkable range of cellular functions.
CKD Self-management: Phenotypes and Associations With Clinical Outcomes

Background To slow chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and its complications, patients need to engage in self-management behaviors. The objective of this study was to classify CKD self-management behaviors into phenotypes and assess the association of these phenotypes with clinical outcomes. Study Design Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants Adults with mild to moderate CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. 3,939 participants in the CRIC Study recruited between 2003 and 2008 served as the derivation cohort and 1,560 participants recruited between 2013 and 2015 served as the validation cohort. Predictors CKD self-management behavior phenotypes. Outcomes CKD progression, atherosclerotic events, heart failure events, death from any cause. Measurements Latent class analysis stratified by diabetes was used to identify CKD self-management phenotypes based on measures of body mass index, diet, physical activity, blood pressure, smoking status, and hemoglobin A 1c concentration (if diabetic); Cox proportional hazards models. Results 3 identified phenotypes varied according to the extent of implementation of recommended CKD self-management behaviors: phenotype I characterized study participants with the most recommended behaviors; phenotype II, participants with a mixture of recommended and not recommended behaviors; and phenotype III, participants with minimal recommended behaviors. In multivariable-adjusted models for those with and without diabetes, phenotype III was strongly associated with CKD progression (HRs of 1.82 and 1.49), death (HRs of 1.95 and 4.14), and atherosclerotic events (HRs of 2.54 and 1.90; each P Limitations No consensus definition of CKD self-management; limited to baseline behavior data. Conclusions There are potentially 3 CKD self-management behavior phenotypes that distinguish risk for clinical outcomes. These phenotypes may inform the development of studies and guidelines regarding optimal self-management.
Interactive Portfolio Optimization Using Mean-Gini Criteria

We study a multi-objective portfolio optimization model that employs two conflicting objectives—maximizing mean return, and minimizing risk as measured by the Gini Mean Difference (GMD). We assume that an investor’s implicit utility is a function of these two objectives and help the investor identify the optimal (i.e., most preferred) portfolio among the efficient ones. We develop an interactive solution procedure based on the concept of domination cones that can be used with a class of utility functions defined over Mean-Gini criteria. The investor’s preferences are elicited interactively through pairwise comparisons of efficient Mean-Gini portfolios based on which domination cones are derived to guide the search for the most preferred portfolio. The interactive solution method enjoys a finite convergence property. Computational results illustrating the effectiveness of the interactive procedure and the out-of-sample performance of the optimal portfolios for a range of implicit utility functions are presented. The results indicate that the optimal portfolios defined by our models consistently outperform the S&P 500 index. Further, an out-of-sample performance analysis reveals that a strategy emphasizing mean return over Gini performs best under similar market conditions over the training and testing sets, while a risk-averse strategy emphasizing Gini over mean return performs best under market reversal conditions.
Smart Phone Keyboard Layout Usability

The purpose of this article was the evaluation of the performance and usability for an alternative keyboard layout on a smart phone compared to the dominant QWERTY layout on a smart phone when presented to users gradually versus immediately. Alternative keyboards have been rejected time and time again for typing with ten fingers. Various studies have attempted to explain reasons regarding this. This article found that users' perceived usability was not more favorable toward the gradually changing keyboard layout as compared to the keyboard layout being presented immediately.
The Trinitarian Dilemma

In recent years, many resourceful thinkers have brought a new clarity to the issues surrounding the doctrine of the Trinity. Two incompatible families of trinitarian doctrine have been clearly distinguished: Social Trinitarianism and Latin Trinitarianism. I argue here that no theory in either camp evades the triune pitfalls of inconsistency, unintelligibility, and poor fit with the Bible. These two main approaches appear to be hopeless, and I argue that appeals to “mystery” are no way to avoid the difficulties at hand. Thus, the trinitarian project is as yet unfinished.
A history of software patents

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a history of software patents by referring to particular controversial software patents, and actual and proposed legal reforms that have attempted to address perceived problems with software patents. This history is divided into four stages: presoftware; early software patents; recent software patents; and the present. These stages are defined by legal events—such as the resolution of lawsuits over particular software patents—and most directly expose the development of legal standards that apply to software patents. The legal history of software patents has influenced and been influenced by the history of computer technology and the history of economic forces driving the development of such technology and competition over legal rights in such technology. The interaction of these three histories—legal, technological, and economic—is explored in the chapter to explain the difficulties faced at present and the challenges that lie ahead.
Identification of an 18,000-dalton protein in mammalian lens fiber cell membranes.

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies have been produced against electrophoretically purified MP18, a major calf lens membrane Mr = 18,000 substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase. One of these antibodies (monoclonal antibody 2D10) cross-reacted with both native MP18 in lens membranes, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-denatured, electrophoretically purified MP18. In immunoblots, this antibody recognized MP18 in pig, sheep, rat, human, but not chicken lens membranes, indicating the similarity of this protein in mammalian lenses. Amino acid sequencing revealed that the N-terminal sequence of MP18 is identical in these five different mammalian species and is unrelated to any previously sequenced lens or junctional proteins. Electron microscopic examination of monoclonal antibody 2D10-labeled bovine, pig and rat lens membranes indicated that MP18 is localized exclusively to the thicker 16-17 nm junctions in isolated preparations of lens fiber cell membranes. These results provide evidence of a role for MP18 in mammalian lens fiber cell junctional organization.
Broadband visible-to-telecom wavelength germanium quantum dot photodetectors

Germanium (Ge) quantum dot (QD) photodetectors (PDs) were fabricated on Ge substrates exhibiting a broadband, visible to near-infrared (near-IR) photoresponse in the λ = 400–1550 nm range. Room-temperature responsivities (Rsp) up to 1.12 A/W and internal quantum efficiency IQE = 313% were obtained, superior to conventional silicon and germanium photodiodes. Noise analysis was performed at visible λ = 640 nm and telecom λ = 1550 nm wavelengths, both yielding room-temperature specific detectivity D* ≃ 2 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1. Lowering the operating temperature and incident power led to sharply enhanced performance, with D* = 1.1 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1 and IQE = 1000% at T = 100 K for an incident power of 10 nW at λ = 1550 nm. Based on their simple fabrication and silicon technology compatibility, these Ge QD PDs represent a promising alternative for broadband, high-performance visible to near-IR detection.
The complete chloroplast genome of Vanilla shenzhenica (Orchidaceae)

Vanilla shenzhenica Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen is a new species of orchid found in Shenzhen, South China for the first time. Here we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence and the features of...
Children’s Coping Following Sexual Abuse: The Roles of Abuse Characteristics, Abuse Stress, and Maternal Support

Although the use of coping strategies is recognized as playing a vital role in predicting the development of trauma-related symptoms, little research has identified what factors may contribute to the utilization, and perceived efficacy of, coping strategies following childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Research has not determined whether aspects of the CSA (e.g., duration, severity) and CSA-related factors such as abuse stressors (e.g., coercion, threats), abuse-related events (e.g., familial disruptions, legal system involvement), and maternal emotional support and blame/doubt correspond with children’s coping use and perceived effectiveness. The current study investigated whether CSA characteristics, abuse stress, and maternal support were related to children’s utilization and perceived efficacy of active/social, internalized, angry, and avoidant coping strategies among 141 sexually abused children aged 7–12 (M= 9.72, SD= 1.50). Children used nearly 7 types of coping strategies (M= 6.71, SD = 1.63). Longer CSA duration was associated with utilization of internalized and avoidant coping, and maternal blame/doubt predicted the use of avoidant coping. Girls utilized angry coping more frequently than boys. CSA characteristics and abuse stress were largely unrelated to children’s perceived coping efficacy. Minority children reported higher levels of perceived efficacy of internalized strategies than white children. CSA duration may be important in understanding children’s utilization of internalized and avoidant coping strategies and maternal blame/doubt may be related to children’s use of avoidant coping. However, CSA characteristics and abuse stress may ultimately have little bearing on sexually abused children’s use and perceived efficacy of coping strategies.
NpSe 2 : a Binary Chalcogenide Containing Modulated Selenide Chains and Ambiguous-Valent Metal

A new binary compound, NpSe2, possesses metal-chalcogen and chalcogen-chalcogen interactions different from those reported for other metal dichalcogenides. Its structure is incommensurately modulated and features linear Se chains and valence-ambiguous Np cations.
Planar patch antenna system with high isolation for full-duplex applications

In this Letter, a differential-fed planar antenna system is presented with large isolation between transmission and reception ports for full-duplex applications. The proposed system contains two antenna pairs, each of which is composed of two identical single-ended microstrip patch antennas operating at 12 GHz. Each element in the array is fed 180° out-of-phase by utilising rat-race hybrid couplers making the whole system differential-fed. The patch antenna array and the hybrid ring couplers are designed on two separate substrate materials with the ground plane in between. Simulation results show high isolation S 21 < − 70 dB through the entire band of interest while measured results approach S 21 < − 50 dB in a reflective environment. The design also exhibits good impedance matching, reasonable gain values, and high efficiency.
Agricultural Management Strategies, Initiatives, and Goals for Survival

During the course of the Advanced Study Institute, there was a great deal of discussion concerning many and various topics related to plant growth regulation and world agriculture. Those discussions were helpful and illuminating to the participants. However, it was agreed at the outset that only points of particular strategical significance for the future of agriculture, horticulture, and associated research imperatives be given special note in this volume. There follows, therefore, a compilation of points, arguments, comments, and philosophies which grew out of these discussions and which we have brought together under an umbrella title, AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES, INITIATIVES, AND GOALS FOR SURVIVAL.
CULTURAL IDENTITY CRISIS IN THE AGE OF GLOBALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY

The purpose of this paper is to bring together various elements that portray the complex conceptuality of cultural identity within technological society. It engages in a theoretical inquiry into the questions of how the wideranging uses young people are now making of new information and communication technologies and global media may possess the potential to transform their cultural identity and how educational institutions should understand and respond to this evolving cultural reality. In discussing these questions, it refer to recent theories of cultural identity, especially as they relate to the increasing volume of global flows of ideas and ideologies, people, finance and cultural practices, and specific theories about the nature of technology in terms of explicating the relationship between society and technology. Finally, it concludes with implications for educational practices of technology use. “We now live…in an open space-time, in which there are no more identities, only transformations” (Zygmunt Bauman)
The Widening Gender Gap

What explains the persistence of the gender gap? The World Economic Forum Gender Gap Index documents the persistence of the gender gap and, more surprising yet, the data validates that in the last decade the gender gap has grown wider. Why? We provide here a rational market explanation of the gender gap and explain why it is growing wider. We show that the logic of the market is rational but it leads to a prisoner's dilemma situation based on the interaction between two different interlinked institutions: the market and the family. We show that inequity at home leads to inequity at work and vice versa. A Nash rational response when women are paid less than men in the marketplace is to use women for longer hours at home. Reciprocally, inequity at home reduces women's productivity in the marketplace and leads to wage inequality. This leads to the gender gap and specialization. But is specialization an optimal solution? We show it is Pareto inferior at higher levels of productivity. Due to learning by doing, the optimal division of labor is initially specialization; however, we prove that at higher levels of learning by doing the optimal solution is equal share rather than specialization. Therefore the gender gap and specialization are rational but inferior solutions, a version of the prisoner's dilemma. We are all prisoners of gender discrimination. We show that the higher we are in the learning curve and the more well-compensated jobs open to women, the larger is the gender gap, explaining why the gap has increased in the last decade. Laws that include both institutions - labor markets and family law - are required for society to reach equity and higher levels of welfare and efficiency for all.
Weathering the Unexpected: Failures happen, and resilience drills help organizations prepare for them.

Whether it is a hurricane blowing down power lines, a volcanic-ash cloud grounding all flights for a continent, or a humble rodent gnawing through underground fibers -- the unexpected happens. We cannot do much to prevent it, but there is a lot we can do to be prepared for it. To this end, Google runs an annual, company-wide, multi-day Disaster Recovery Testing event -- DiRT -- the objective of which is to ensure that Google’s services and internal business operations continue to run following a disaster.
Climate Change: Updates on Recent Global and United States Temperature Anomalies and Impacts to Water, Forests, and Environmental Health

Over the past few years, a number of improvements have been made to global surface air temperature datasets and climate models that facilitate increased statistical reliability when determining temperature anomalies and trends. Recent measurements show a continued rise in land surface temperatures, both globally and across the United States. These trends have been increasing since the 1970s with the world’s five warmest years on record (based on data since 1880) occurring since 2015. Maintaining consistent, high-quality water resources is a primary issue for public and environmental health, and declining water supplies and degradation of water quality are of increasing, widespread concern. Hydrologic model simulations over the twenty-first century show that in the absence of further adaptation serious water shortages due to changes in climate are likely in some regions. For example, in the United States, a declining trend in annual runoff has been observed for the Colorado River Basin, the primary water supply for vast areas of the Southwest and the Colorado Plateau. At the same time, more frequent extreme weather events are increasing the frequency and/or magnitude of forest disturbances, such as wildfires, droughts and floods, and insect outbreaks, which are also impacting watershed function. While more recent assessments indicate the vast majority of watersheds in the United States remained in the same Watershed Condition Classification as reported in 2011, of those that have changed the majority have degraded. The effects of climate change on forests include both positive and negative impacts with feedbacks that influence public and environmental health.
Multiomics Investigation of Hypertension and White Matter Hyperintensity as a Source of Vascular Dementia or a Comorbidity to Alzheimer's Disease.

Background Age-related comorbidity is common and significantly increases the burden for the healthcare of the elderly. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hypertension are the two most prevalent age-related conditions and are highly comorbid. While hypertension is a risk factor for vascular dementia (VD), hypertension with AD (ADHyp+) is often characterized as probable vascular dementia. In the absence of imaging and other diagnostic tests, differentiating the two pathological states is difficult. Objective Our goals are to (1) identify differences in CSF-based vascular dementia profiles, if any, between individuals who have AD only (ADHyp-), and individuals with ADHyp+ using CSF levels of amyloid β, tau and p-tau, and (2) compare genome-wide DNA profiles of ADHyp- and AD-Hyp+ with an unaffected control population. Methods Genotype and clinical data were used to compare healthy controls to AD+/Hyp- vs AD+/Hyp+. We compared the CSF biomarkers followed by evaluating genome wide profiles in three groups, and mapped SNPs to genes based on position and lowest p-value. The significant genes were examined for co-expression and known disease networks. Results We found no differences between Aβ, tau and p-tau levels between ADHyp- and AD- Hyp+. We found TOMM40 to be associated with ADHyp- as expected but not with ADHyp+. Inter- estingly, SLC9A3R2 polymorphism was associated with ADHyp+, and significant gene expression changes were observed for neighboring genes. Conclusion Through this exploratory study using a novel cohort stratification design, we highlight the genetic differences in clinically similar phenotypes, indicating the utility of genetic profiling in aiding differential diagnosis of ADHyp+ and VD.
Post-covid organizing pneumonia

A myriad of acute clinicopathological effects of novel SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection are being described. Here, we present a case report which illustrates a biopsy proven distinct chronic complication of Covid-19 disease which afflicts some survivors: Post Covid-19 Organizing Pneumonia (PCOP). A 30 year old African-American female with known Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) and recently diagnosed nodular marginal zone lymphoma, on chemotherapy, became infected with SARS-Cov-2 in early August, 2020. She presented with fever, increased cough, and shortness of breath worsening over two weeks. In the emergency room, she had temperature 102o F, heart rate of 110 with oxygen saturation 88% on room air. Lab work was significant for Leukocytosis of 17.62 k/uL and recent absolute CD4 of 590/mm3. SARSCoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test was positive. Admission Chest Roentgenogram (X-ray) revealed bilateral basal opacities consistent with Covid-19 Pneumonia. Our patient was admitted and received Dexamethasone and a course of empiric antibiotics for community acquired pneumonia. She was discharged on brief oral prednisone taper with home oxygen 2L/min;However, she would be readmitted to hospital twice more over the next eight weeks with similar complaints of cough, recurrent fever, and dyspnea with new focal opacities on serial chest imaging (Figure 1). Her symptoms persisted despite broadened empiric antibiotics including antifungal therapy. Extensive lab work-up for secondary infection and autoimmune disease was unrevealing. Bronchoscopy was finally done with Transbronchial Cryobiopsy (TBC) revealing acute and chronic inflammation with interstitial fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures were negative. As evidenced by serial imaging (Figure 1), our patient consistently improved with empiric steroids for organizing pneumonia. Her clinical findings recurred with attempts to taper steroids even at five months post initial positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. This case illustrates Post Covid-19 Organizing Pneumonia (PCOP). It is a Clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by rapid resolution with corticosteroids, but frequent relapses when treatment is tapered or stopped.1 It also illustrates several salient issues in caring for patients who survive acute SARS-CoV-2 infection: i) Delayed viral clearance related to chronic immunosuppression,2 ii) Delayed Bronchoscopy in an effort to mitigate infection risk to care providers, iii) The impact of ongoing therapy on consequent delayed pathology findings,3 iv) Increased morbidity associated with both late disease recognition and our attempts to taper chronic steroid therapy in the setting of an Organizing Pneumonia4 and v) The possibility that earlier biopsy, diagnosis and uninterrupted therapy may prevent pulmonary fibrosis.
Energy Efficiency Improvement by Introducing Variable Frequency Drives for the Tea Withering Process

Tea is a key export revenue source of Sri Lanka. It is a large energy consuming sector. The highest energy consuming operation in the tea manufacturing process is withering of tea leaves. The Energy NAMA project implemented by Sri Lanka Sustainable Energy Authority with the assistance of the United Nations Development Programme, introduced Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) to replace damper control of tea withering fan motors and a few other applications. The concept of using VFDs was first introduced in year 1999. This project identified reasons for the low interest shown by tea factories to use VFDs for the withering process, addressed issues/barriers, provided financial support for procurement and installation of VFDs, conducted training of staff on effective use of VFDs and monitored energy savings. This project installed 555 VFDs in 71 tea factories. The operational data of these VFDs were monitored and verified at the end of the project. It was observed that energy saved with VFDs for airflow control of withering troughs is significant in most cases. This paper presents the technical approach to the VFD program and results obtained. Results indicate an energy saving between 12% and 32% if VFDs are introduced along with optimum operating practices.
The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to identify Escherichia coli

Polyclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli 3-galactosidase, 3-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase were used in coagglutina­ tion tests for identification of these three enzymes in cell lysates. Enzyme-capture assays were also developed for the detection of E^. coli 3-galactosidase and 3-glucuronidase. The enzymes were released by using a gentle lysis procedure that did not interfere with antibody-enzyme interactions. All three enzymes were detected in 93% of the _E. coli strains tested by coagglutination; two of the three enzymes were identi­ fied in the remaining 7%. Of 42 non-^, coli tested by coagglutination, only four nonspecifically agglutinated either two or three of the anti-enzyme conjugates. Thirty-two (76%) non-E. coli were negative by coagglutination for all three enzymes. The enzyme-capture assay detected the presence of 3-galactosidase in seven of eight and 3-glucuronidase in all eight strains of E. coli tested. Some strains of 3-galactosidasepositive Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae were also positive by the enzyme-capture assay, indicating that the antibodies were not entirely specific for coli 3-galactosidase; however, five other gas-positive non-JE. coli were negative by the enzyme-capture assay. The coagglutination tests and enzyme-capture assays were rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of coli 3-galactosidase, 3-glucuronidase, and glutamate decarboxylase.
Medical Health Care and Mental Health Care: Integration and/or Partnership

The chapter presents a discussion on Dr. Cummings' "New Vision of Healthcare for America," based on medical and mental health care. Dr. Cummings provides a description of the evolution of private mental health care reimbursement practices over the past 30 years. He describes a number of important intervention and prevention innovations that benefit subscribers directly while significantly reducing costs (medical offset). He suggests that the reduction in medical utilization as a result of behavioral interventions will lead to a new evolution in service delivery, the integration of behavioral health and medical care, especially in primary care settings. Dr. Cummings noted that shifting funding within direct mental health services likely has already maximized efficiency. It is mentioned that Dr. Cummings' pragmatic approach has many benefits. For example, problem-related treatment may be both more effective and more cost-efficient than diagnosis-based treatment, and would generally put more science into clinical practice. The chapter also discusses two issues. The first issue pertains to the group of persons with chronic mental health difficulties. The second factor to be considered involves the present zeitgeist with respect to the relationship between psychological and medical problems.