cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TMIC-31. MLK4 IS REQUIRED FOR METASTASIS INITIATION IN THE BRAIN.

Patients with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) suffer from a devastating outcome despite recent progress in a variety of therapeutic modalities. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and human epidermal growth factor receptor HER-2 positive breast cancer are the two major breast cancer (BC) subtypes that have a higher risk for developing brain metastases compared to Hormone Receptor-positive subtypes. The mechanisms by which the disseminated tumor cells overcome the multistep defense mechanism in the brain, adapt the microenvironment, and subsequently initiate metastasis foci remain elusive. Mixed lineage kinase 4 (MLK4) is a poorly characterized serine/threonine kinase, which we recently identified as a key molecule for initiation of mesenchymal glioblastoma through activation of the NF-kB signaling. In this study, we sought to determine the expression and function of MLK4 in the process of initiation of BCBM. Through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer exon sequencing data sets, MLK4 was found to be highly expressed in TNBC in comparison to other subtypes. Staining of human BC & BCBM tissues as well showed relatively higher MLK4 expression in TNBC. Expression profiling revealed that TNBC cells exhibit higher MLK4 expression after being primed with Human brain endothelial cells secretory factors. Silencing MLK4 significantly reduced in vitro colony formation ability as well as in vivo brain metastatic capabilities of TNBC cells, while this effect was not evident after direct injection of TNBC cells into the mouse brain, suggesting that MLK4 is required for the transmigration of disseminated BC cells towards brain parenchyma to initiate brain metastases. For the therapeutic development purpose, we performed the structure-based drug design, leading to identification of a small molecule inhibitor of MLK4. We will test its activity on a set of patient-derived breast cancer cells in vitro and their xenografted tumor mouse models in vivo.
Telemedicine as an effective intervention to improve antibiotic appropriateness prescription and to reduce costs in pediatrics.

Implementation of antimicrobial stewardship program is a pivotal practice element for healthcare institution. We developed a remote infectious disease consultancy program via telemedicine in a high-specialized pediatric cardiac hospital. A consultation for antibiotic strategy for each patient was available via telemedicine in addition to biweekly discussion of all clinical cases. Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the remote stewardship program in terms of a) appropriateness of antibiotic prescription; b) incidence of multi-resistant infection; and c) cost. A ‘before - after’ study was performed comparing the period immediately before starting the program and one year after. There was a trend in the reduction of nosocomial infectious disease rate (9.5 vs 6.5 per 1000 person days), with a reduction in the overall antibiotic cost (25,000 vs 15,000 EUR) and in the average antibiotics packages used per admission (9 vs 6.7 packages). A significant reduction in the multi-drug resistant isolation rate was observed (104 vs 79 per 1000 person days, p = 0.01). In conclusion, the infectious disease meeting via telemedicine has been an effective tool for economic and professional development and multidisciplinary management of complex patients. The appropriate use of antibiotics reduced the multi-drug resistant bacteria selection, thus improving patient safety.
Recent soviet literature on strength — Temperature relation

A review of Soviet and Western literature covering the following four aspects of this field: theories of strengthening, the relation of strength to bond forces and diffusion, theories of high-temperature strength, and the relation of high-temperature strength to phase diagrams.
Truth and Inference in Fiction

Etude du probleme des conditions et des valeurs de verite des affirmations dans le domaine de la fiction. Examinant la theorie des mondes de la croyance collective chez D. Lewis, ainsi que la theorie de la croyance dans le monde actuel chez G. Currie, l'A. montre que sa propre conception du lecteur informe leur est preferable en ce sens qu'elle evite les problemes concernant le point de vue litteral et le point de vue de l'auteur sur la determination des conditions de verite qui ne sont specifiees dans la fiction
Viral Infections in Transplant Patients

Viruses are particularly problematic pathogens in transplant recipients. Viral infections not only can cause disease but also can enhance susceptibility to opportunistic infections by both causing tissue injury and contributing to systemic immunosuppression. Such infections have been shown to increase the rate of graft rejection and increase the risk of cancer. The outcome of viral infections in the transplant setting is the result of a balance among infection in tissues, host antiviral immune function, and the level of immunosuppression required to maintain graft function. Diagnosis of viral infections in immunocompromised patients remains a challenge due to the need to differentiate asymptomatic infection from clinically relevant disease.
Multi-Gate MOSFET Compact Model BSIM-MG

As the scaling of conventional planar CMOS is reaching its limits, multiple-gate CMOS structures will likely take up the baton. To facilitate circuit simulation in such advanced technologies, we have developed BSIM-MG: a versatile compact model for multi-gate MOSFETs. In this chapter separate formulations for common multi-gate and independent multi-gate MOSFETs are presented. The core I-V and C-V models are derived and agree well with TCAD simulations without using fitting parameters, reflecting the predictivity and scalability of the model. Physical effects such as volume inversion, short channel effects and quantum mechanical effects are included in the model. We verify BSIM-MG against triple-gate SOI FinFET experimental data. The model fits data very well across a wide range of biases, gate lengths and temperatures. It is also computationally efficient and suitable for simulating large circuits. Finally, several multi-gate circuit simulation examples are presented to demonstrate the use of the model.
Heterogeneous Network Model and Preliminaries

A two-tier heterogeneous network model in LTE is studied throughout this book. As shown in Fig. 2.1, consider downlink communications in a heterogeneous cellular network with high transmit power macro evolved Node Bs (MeNB) and low transmit power small evolved Node Bs (SeNB) or relay nodes (RN). Each macro cell is divided into several sectors served by directional antennas. Within each macro cell sector, there are several SeNBs or RNs uniformly distributed.
Viral exanthems in children: A great imitator.

Abstract Viral exanthems are frequent in children and are mostly self-limited. Early recognition and differentiation from other childhood illnesses are important to direct further investigations and treatment initiation. The clinical presentation of viral exanthems in children includes a polymorphic spectrum of skin eruptions ranging from classic viral exanthems to “atypical” presentations that can mimic nonviral diseases; thus, viral exanthems of childhood can be readily diagnosed on clinical grounds, but not rarely do they represent a diagnostic challenge. In this review, we focus on viral diseases in children that may be difficult to diagnose due to their clinical similarities with nonviral diseases, and we offer clues for the differential diagnosis and proper diagnostic testing in such cases.
Racial capitalism and STEM education in Chicago Public Schools

This article analyzes the role of STEM initiatives designed by city and corporate elites in a large urban district and outlines an alternative, grassroots vision for (STEM) education and city schoo...
Lower-dose perioperative steroid protocol during endoscopic endonasal pituitary adenoma resection.

Background Perioperative steroid management for pituitary adenoma resections is multifaceted due to possible hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis disruption. Although many different strategies have been proposed, there is no standard protocol for prophylaxis of potential hypocortisolemia. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive endoscopic endonasal pituitary adenoma resections. Before March 2016, patients received ≥100 mg of hydrocortisone intraoperatively followed by 2 mg of dexamethasone immediately postoperatively in most of the patients. Subsequently, patients received only 50 mg of hydrocortisone intraoperatively. A morning cortisol level was checked on postoperative day (POD) 2, and if it was <10 mcg/dL, patients remained on maintenance hydrocortisone. At 6 weeks, serum cortisol was redrawn and low-dose therapy was weaned when indicated. Results Of those who received ≥100 mg of hydrocortisone, 8 of 24 (33.3%) were discharged on hydrocortisone compared to 1 of 14 (7.1%) who received 50 mg. 18 of 24 (75%) of ≥100 mg group received dexamethasone on POD 1, and of those, 8 (44.4%) were discharged on hydrocortisone. Of those who received ≥100 mg and were on outpatient steroid therapy initially, 3 of 8 (37.5%) required continuation after 6 weeks compared to none who received 50 mg. There was an association between patient's intraoperative/immediate postoperative steroid use and steroid continuation at discharge. Conclusion Through our experience, we hypothesize that ≥100 mg of hydrocortisone intraoperatively followed by postoperative dexamethasone may be overly suppressive in patients with otherwise normally functioning HPA. A 50 mg intraoperative dose alone may be considered to lower rates of unnecessary steroid regimens postoperatively.
Mortality Rates of Humerus Fractures in the Elderly: Does Surgical Treatment Matter?

Introduction:Multiple studies have shown the impact of hip fractures on geriatric mortality. Few evaluate mortality after proximal humerus (PH) or distal humerus (DH) fractures, and fewer determine differences in mortality based on management. We aim to evaluate a statewide cohort of elderly patient
A Convolutional Framework for Forward and Back-Projection in Fan-Beam Geometry

We present a convolutional spline framework for highly efficient and accurate computation of forward model for image reconstruction in fan-beam geometry in X-ray computed tomography. The efficiency of computations makes this framework suitable for large-scale optimization algorithms with on-the-fly, memory-less, computations of the forward and back-projection. Our experiments demonstrate the improvements in accuracy as well as efficiency of our model, specifically for first-order box splines (i.e., pixel-basis) compared to recently developed methods for this purpose, namely Look-up Table-based Ray Integration (LTRI) and Separable Footprints (SF) in 2-D.
Use of a Novel, Noninvasive Imaging System to Characterize Metabolic Changes in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue After Cryolipolysis

Author(s): Juhasz, Margit; Leproux, Anais; Durkin, Amanda; Tromberg, Bruce; Mesinkovska, Natasha Atanaskova
Excavating a Future Vision Past: Mike Davis’ City of Quartz

When Mike Davis published City of Quartz in 1990, his work was widely praised by many and dismissed as liberalist hysteria by others. The reflections it contains on architectural design as a reflec...
Patient preferences for locoregional therapy in early-stage breast cancer

With an increasing emphasis on patient-centered care, clinicians in subspecialties such as breast surgery and radiation oncology that offer multiple therapeutic options with equivalent outcomes are under increasing pressure to aid patients with the decision-making process. The aim of this review is to summarize existing studies that either evaluated factors in patient’s decision-making regarding locoregional therapy in early-stage breast cancer or evaluated benefit thresholds required to change therapy decisions. A PubMed search to identify prospective or retrospective studies written in English reporting factors in patient decision-making regarding locoregional therapy in early-stage breast cancer was conducted. No restriction was placed on publication date. Studies that focused on breast reconstruction decisions or on patient preferences for decision-making involvement were excluded. A total of 39 studies were identified; 19 examining patient preferences for breast-conserving surgery versus mastectomy, 7 on preferences for contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, 2 on non-surgical options, 2 on the extent of axillary surgery, and 9 on radiation therapy decisions. Themes such as fear of recurrence, desire to avoid additional invasive therapy, and the importance of physician preference were common, but many studies also highlighted factors important to specific subpopulations of women. Patient preference is difficult to define and measure, and heterogeneity across studies renders direct comparison difficult. Future work is needed to define women’s risk-thresholds for certain treatments, delve into the psychological factors that direct their decisions, and understand how patients’ valuations of risk interact with society’s.
Choosing evolution over extinction: Integrating direct patient care services and value-based payment models into the community-based pharmacy setting

The American healthcare payment model introduced Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs) into a position of power that currently puts into question the state of the pharmacy profession, especially in the community field. Reimbursement plans had been designed to benefit all stakeholders and save patients money but have only been shown to increase costs for these involved parties. There exist unresolved gaps in care as a result of the healthcare structure and underutilized skills of trained pharmacists who do not have the federal means to provide clinical services. Four collaborative payment models have been proposed, offering methods to quell the monetary problems that exist and are predicted to continue with the closure of community pharmacies and sustained influence of PBMs. These models may additionally allow the expansion of pharmacy career paths and improve healthcare benefits for patients. With a reflective perspective on the healthcare structure and knowledge of positive impacts with the inclusion of pharmacists, solutions to payment challenges could present a progressive approach to an outdated system. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic highlights a dependency on pharmacists and community settings. This outlook on pharmacists may persist and an established expansion of services could prove beneficial to all healthcare stakeholders.
Sterically driven metal-free oxidation of 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene

We disclose an unprecedented single-step metal-free green oxidation of 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene selectively into either the corresponding 4,5-dione or 4,5,9,10-tetraone, two key building blocks used for organic optoelectronic applications using hypervalent iodine oxyacids. This new method results in dramatic improvements in terms of yield, selectivity (dione vs. tetraone), ease of workup, cost and toxicity.
Prison fixes and flows: Carceral mobilities and their critical logistics:

This paper asks how the logics of globalized supply chains—particularly through fixes, risk, speed and stoppages, and motility—are articulated in carceral space. We employ critical logistics in con...
Engaging Students in Applied Mathematics Education and Research for Global Problem Solving

In this chapter, we present a novel way to engage students in applied mathematics education and research by combining context provided by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals that helps to drive content demonstrated via a new mathematical modeling cycle for global problem solving. To illustrate the approach, we select a specific goal in this chapter, namely, health and well-being (SDG-Goal 3) and apply the eight different phases of the mathematical modeling cycle that consists of Observe, Theorize, Formulate, Describe, Analyse, Simulate, Validate and Predict to solve the global problem of controlling the spread of the Zika virus. Along with these phases, we also present the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals as a context to motivate the mathematical modeling cycle as a powerful mechanism to both engage students in a global problem-solving process and also excite them to pursue applied mathematics education and research.
Perinatal Manifestations of DARS2 -Associated Leukoencephalopathy With Brainstem and Spinal Cord Involvement and Lactate Elevation (LBSL).

Leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation (LBSL) is a progressive disorder associated with deficiency of mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase, a homodimer encoded by the gene DARS2. There is a wide range in age of onset of symptoms, typically from childhood to adulthood, with very few cases of infantile onset disease reported. We report a child at age 10 years with perinatal onset of symptoms evidenced by congenital microcephaly with progression to severe but non-lethal epileptic encephalopathy and spastic quadriplegia. A comprehensive epilepsy focused gene panel performed as a trio with parents detected a novel homozygous DARS2 variant. This variant is located at the dimer interface in a critical catalytic domain and is expected to result in markedly reduced enzyme activity which likely explains the severe and early onset symptoms in this case.
In Vitro Culture and Somatic Embryogenesis in Cucumis Species

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and cantaloupe (Cucumis melo) have been reported to form somatic embryos in vitro. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for the in vitro culture of several Cucumis spp. and for the induction of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures. In addition to cucumber and cantaloupe, C. metuliferus and C. anguria were included in this study. Leaf discs excised from the first leaf of young plants were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and benzylaminopurine (BA) at 1 mg/1. Cultures were incubated at 30 ± 2°C with a 16-hr photoperiod. At 2 to 3 weeks, callus which proliferated from these expiants was placed on media containing a range of NAA and BA concentrations (10−7 to 10−3 M). Optimum callus production and variations in callus morphology, color, and texture were determined. Dense meristematic zones developed under certain regimes. Cucumber seeds were germinated aseptically and various expiants investigated for callus production and regenerative potential on the callus induction medium. Cotyledon expiants regenerated directly with low frequency. Suspension cultures initiated from 5-week-old, root-derived callus developed abnormal embryoids and plantlets after 3 months without a transfer.
Assessing Selected Aspects of Adequacy of the Growth Hormone-Somatomedin Axis in Short Children with Quantitatively Normal Growth Hormone Secretion

Conventional approaches for confirming growth hormone adequacy in children with growth failure are the subject of considerable current debate. There is general agreement that individuals who fail repeatedly to secrete growth hormone in response to pharmacological provocation are growth hormone deficient. However, there is no uniform opinion concerning the diagnosis of, or even the presence of, lesser degrees of growth hormone insufficiency including those which might result from structurally abnormal molecules, defects at the growth hormone receptor/postreceptor levels, ineffective mutant somatomedins, or defective IGF-1 receptor/postreceptor signal transduction at the cellular level.
Fans, Romans, Countrymen: Soccer Fandom and Civic Identity in Contemporary Rome

In Italy, football (soccer) fandom is an important site on which to construct and perform civic identity. Based on a constructivist, communication-oriented understanding of identity, this article uses ethnographic data to illustrate how Roman soccer fans construct civic identity through various communicative forms, such as verbal performance and visual display. The essay draws from museum studies scholarship to highlight the role of fan-created displays in the construction of fan identities. Ultimately, the fans’ notions of place and local identity emerge through these discursive practices.
Calculation of error probability in WDM RZ systems in presence of bit-pattern-dependent nonlinearity and of noise

We introduce a fully deterministic, computationally efficient method for calculating the error probability in wavelength-division multiplexed return-to-zero systems that accurately accounts for bit-pattern-dependent nonlinear distortions and noise.
Transient Dynamics of the Conformal Elastohydrodynamic Squeeze Film Problem

This paper provides the first cross-comparison of three established elastohydrodynamic computational methods to investigate the conformal long-bearing pure squeeze cylindrical bearing problem with rigid journal and elastic sleeve. The benefits of each analysis method in addressing both theoretical and practical issues in problem formulation and application are discussed. A set of nondimensional design charts for minimum film thickness and maximum film pressure under a step load are presented. With a judicious choice of load and sleeve geometry, it is found that a uniform film pressure can develop over a large film pocket in the limit of conformal journal and sleeve contact even with relatively high modulus materials such as steel.
Security patterns for physical access control systems

Physical security has received increased attention after 9/11. However, access control to physical units has not been explored much. On the other hand, there is a rich literature on access control to information. These two areas appear converging as seen by recent products and studies. However, use of different notations and implementation details make this convergence harder. We need to try to take this convergence at a more abstract level first. Although introduced about 10 years ago, security patterns have recently become accepted by industry and two books on this topic have appeared recently. Security patterns for information access control have appeared but now we extend this concept to access for physical units. The unification of information and physical access control is just beginning but the strong requirements of infrastructure protection will make this convergence to happen rapidly. Examining existing systems, industry standards and government regulations, we describe, in the form of patterns, the core set of features a physical access control system should have. The paper illustrates the structure and use of these patterns.
Advancing Style Analysis and Risk Modeling by Incorporating Model Uncertainty with Bayesian Model Averaging

Investors have increasing interests in sophisticated yet transparent analytic tools to handle model uncertainty, tail risk and market dynamics. This paper demonstrates how macroeconomic factor models, based on Bayesian model averaging (BMA), can help address the challenges in some specific investment analytic tasks from three perspectives: (1) selecting risk factors and estimating risk factor exposure in risk allocation, (2) modeling the dynamic exposure of multiple asset classes to systematic risk; and (3) forecasting risk/return profiles of hedge fund investment strategies.
Matrix Algebra in Quantum Mechanics

This chapter contains sections titled: Vector and Matrix Representation Matrix Representation of the Hamiltonian The Eigenspace Representation Formalism Appendix: Review of Matrix Algebra Exercises References
Alveolar-Capillary Oxygen Disequilibrium in Hepatic Cirrhosis

Hypoxemia is a frequent occurrence in patients with severe hepatic disease. Multiple mechanisms have been implicated in the production of such hypoxemia. The case of a 35-year-old man with cyanosis, clubbing, and cirrhosis is presented. Physiologic data from this patient revealed normal pulmonary function, except for a low diffusing capacity and a 28 percent shunt while the patient was breathing 100 percent oxygen. A perfusion scan with radioactive 99m technetium-labelled macroaggregated albumin revealed 67 percent of the labelled macroaggregated albumin in the systemic circulation. Postmortem examination demonstrated normal pulmonary parenchyma, markedly dilated intraparenchymal capillaries and arterioles, subpleural angiomata, and cirrhosis. No anatomic arteriovenous connections were demonstrated before or after death. We conclude that the arterial hypoxemia of some patients with hepatic cirrhosis results from dilated gas-exchanging blood vessels. These widened vessels prevent end pulmonary capillary oxygen tension from reaching equilibrium with alveolar gas, perhaps because of the widened distance for diffusion.
FREQUENCY OF NON-HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION AROUND CONCEPTION AND ASSOCIATION WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS IN OFFSPRING

A case-control study using data on deliveries in the mid-1970s at five Connecticut hospitals (cases, n = 1427; controls, n = 3001) found little relationship between delivery of a malformed infant and use by the mother of nonhormonal contraceptive methods at conception. Of particular interest was the lack of an association with use of the rhythm method (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, 95% confidence limits (CL) = 0.73, 1.42), spermicides (OR = 1.26, 95% CL = 0.85, 1.85) at conception and a modest association for the intrauterine device (IUD) one week before conception (OR = 1.99, 95% CL = 0.98, 4.04). Continued use of the IUD after conception may further increase the risk for malformations but this observation was statistically unreliable in the present study. Mothers of newborns with cleft lip and palate (OR = 2.91) and congenital hydrocele (OR = 4.64) were more frequent rhythm users at conception, and mothers of newborns with multiple anomalies had more recent IUD exposure (OR = 9.87), but these and all other specific congenital malformation groups were not significantly related to any non-hormonal contraceptive after adjustment for multiple observations. Potentially confounding maternal risk factors were controlled.
Personality, transformational leadership, trust, and the 2000 U.S. presidential vote

This study of the 2000 U.S. presidential election replicates and extends Pillai and Williams‘ [Leadersh. Q. 9 (1998) 397] study of the 1996 presidential election. Data were collected at two periods from respondents across three regions of the United States to yield 342 matched sets of preelection variables and postelection measures. Transformational leadership and attributed charisma were strongly associated with reported voting behavior for candidates Bush and Gore beyond party affiliation. Important extensions to earlier findings are that perceptions of candidate proactive behavior, empathy, and need for achievement were shown to be related to transformational leadership and attributed charisma, with trust in the leader an important mediating variable between leadership perceptions and voting behavior. Implications of the findings for future research are discussed.
Influence of solvent on photochemical isomerization: photophysics of diphenyl butadiene in polar solvents

Abstract The influence of temperature and viscosity on the non-radiative decay of diphenyl butadiene in alcohol solvents is examined and compared with previous studies in alkane solvents. The internal barrier to photoisomerization is considerably lower, the non-radiative rate significantly greater, and the viscosity dependence is in the Smoluchowski limit in the polar solvents.
Influence of lunar mascons on its dynamical figure.

THE recent discovery of large mass concentrations (mascons) beneath the lunar circular maria from Lunar Orbiter tracking data1 raises the question of whether mascons can influence the dynamical figure of the Moon. A convenient way to describe the lunar figure is in terms of the moments of inertia about the three principal axes, where C is about the axis of rotation, A is about an axis along the lines of centres of the Earth and the Moon, and B is about an axis tangent to the orbit. It is well known from observation that C>B>A and that their differences exceed by about an order of magnitude the predicted values from hydrostatic equilibrium and tidal distortion. There is a one-to-one correspondence between large mascons and circular maria1. But the circular maria have a non-uniform distribution over the lunar surface, with a tendency for locations toward the equator and toward the sub-Earth point. These locations are in the correct sense to suggest that mascons are responsible for the non-equilibrium contribution to the inequality C>B>A.
Direct cardiac compression for cardiogenic shock with the CardioSupport system

Epicardial direct cardiac compression for cardiogenic shock avoids a blood surface interface with associated thromboembolic and immunologic sequelae and could be placed rapidly with technical ease. The Cardio Technologies device provides synchronized biventricular cardiac compression, is placed via a thoracotomy, and remains on the heart without need for sutures. In preclinical work, the system has successfully restored cardiac function to near normal in the setting of heart failure. The CardioSupport system offers an attractive and novel alternative for treating cardiogenic shock and is being prepared for upcoming clinical trials.
Origin of morphotropic phase boundaries in ferroelectrics

A piezoelectric material is one that generates a voltage in response to a mechanical strain (and vice versa). The most useful piezoelectric materials display a transition region in their composition phase diagrams, known as a morphotropic phase boundary, where the crystal structure changes abruptly and the electromechanical properties are maximal. As a result, modern piezoelectric materials for technological applications are usually complex, engineered, solid solutions, which complicates their manufacture as well as introducing complexity in the study of the microscopic origins of their properties. Here we show that even a pure compound, in this case lead titanate, can display a morphotropic phase boundary under pressure. The results are consistent with first-principles theoretical predictions, but show a richer phase diagram than anticipated; moreover, the predicted electromechanical coupling at the transition is larger than any known. Our results show that the high electromechanical coupling in solid solutions with lead titanate is due to tuning of the high-pressure morphotropic phase boundary in pure lead titanate to ambient pressure. We also find that complex microstructures or compositions are not necessary to obtain strong piezoelectricity. This opens the door to the possible discovery of high-performance, pure-compound electromechanical materials, which could greatly decrease costs and expand the utility of piezoelectric materials.
The Vision of the Glory of God in The Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch)

A common occurrence in apocalyptic literature is the heavenly ascent of a revered figure, followed by a theophany. The divine image the seer beholds is often described as the ‘glory of God'. The Ap...
The Subjective Production Function: An Approach to Its Determination

(1972). The Subjective Production Function: An Approach to Its Determination. The Engineering Economist: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 249-259.
Error analysis of a pairwise summation algorithm to compute the sample variance

We give an error analysis of an algorithm for computing the sample variance due to Chan, Golub, and LeVeque [The American Statistician 7 (1983), pp. 242---247]. It is shown that this algorithm is numerically stable. The algorithm computes the sample variance (and the sample mean) using just one pass through the sample data. It is amenable to pairwise summation and thus requires onlyO(logn) parallel steps.
Electronic structure and Schottky-barrier formation of Ag on n -type GaAs(110)

The electronic structure and Schottky-barrier formation of the Ag/[cleaved n-type GaAs(110)] interface are studied at room temperature by using ultraviolet and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. It is found that more metal coverage is needed to pin the surface Fermi level with Ag than with most other metals. The Schottky barrier is resolved as 0.83\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV high (compared to 0.90\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV for Cu/[n-type GaAs(110)] and 0.92\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 eV for Au/[n-type GaAs(110)]). At the early stage of Ag deposition, the so-called atomiclike Ag 5s states and Ag 3d core levels are observed, which may imply that the interaction between Ag and GaAs is weak and raises the possibility that the Ag atoms may form clusters during the initial stages of metal deposition. It is found that the Ag valence-band photoyield has a maximum at a coverage of 10\ensuremath{\sim}30 A\r{}. This photoyield enhancement is explained in terms of Ag clustering and the Stranski-Kristanov growth pattern. In the framework of the unified defect model, it is proposed that the heat released due to the Ag-Ag interaction is responsible for the creation of the defect levels which pin the Fermi level in the Ag/[n-type GaAs(110)] interface. Thus, defects are produced under the clusters but not on the open GaAs surfaces not covered by Ag; this leads to the increased amount of metal needed to complete the surface Fermi-level pinning.
Accounting for HIV Risk Among Men on Methadone

This study explores accounts and reasons for engaging in HIV risk-taking behaviors reported by heterosexual men in methadone treatment programs in the Harlem section of New York City. A convenience sample of 62 men who reported having abused their female partners in the past 12 months participated in 10 focus groups. Data analysis revealed four types of HIV risky accounts, which we labeled nihilistic, hedonistic, fatalistic, and normative. The accounts were rarely found in isolation, but were delivered in rich “performative” constellations. We conclude that normative accounts in particular have important implications for HIV prevention. They show that the (hetero)sexual act is interactive “hard work” to say the least, and condoms have no role interrupting it. In the end, the risks of losing masculine face before a female partner are very much prioritized over long-run HIV risks.
Parental messages and the nutrition awareness of preschool children

Abstract Questionnaires were developed to assess the early nutrition-related knowledge and attitudes of preschool children and the types of messages that their parents give to them about nutrition. Subjects were 104 children, aged 3½ to 3¾ years, and their mothers, enrolled in the longitudinal Western Massachusetts Growth Study. The children showed significant levels of nutrition knowledge in the areas of food groups, food transformations, food origins, and energy balance. They also demonstrated some ability to judge relative food values: more children selected foods of higher, rather than lower, nutrient density in a role-play situation, as being the foods which would help a doll “grow big and strong.” Parental messages about foods and nutrition, derived from open-ended questions asked of the mothers, were categorized into the following groups: passive and non-verbal, example, discouragement or encouragement, general nutrition, specific nutrition, physical, bribes and rewards, and authoritarian messages. The quantity and specificity of nutrition-related messages given by parents and about foods were significantly and positively correlated to the children's nutrition knowledge scores. This study documents a significant level of nutrition awareness among young children, and highlights the importance of early parent-child communication patterns in the development of this nutrition awareness.
Fluorinated single-wall carbon nanotubes

Fluorinated armchair (10,10) and zigzag (18,0) single-wall carbon nanotubes (F-SWNT) of ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}\mathrm{F}$ stoichiometry with five different fluorine atom decorations are studied using density-functional theory and periodic boundary conditions. The most stable armchair F-SWNT isomers $(1a$ and $5a)$ are metallic and have $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bond chains parallel to the tube axis. Isomer $5a$ carries every second fluorine atom inside the tube and is $5 {\mathrm{kcal}\mathrm{}\mathrm{mol}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ more stable than $1a.$ Fluorinated zigzag tubes are not metallic. The isomer with helical zigzag conjugated $\ensuremath{\pi}$ bonds is the most stable zigzag F-SWNT, but is less stable than $1a.$ Depending on the fluorination pattern and the tube chirality, the band gaps of the F-SWNT's vary from 2.7 to 0 eV.
Effect of ANG II type I receptor antagonist and ACE inhibitor on vitamin D receptor-null mice

We recently showed that vitamin D receptor (VDR) inactivation results in deregulated stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To address further the relation between RAS activation and the abnormalities in electrolyte and volume homeostasis, we studied the effect of the ANG II type I receptor antagonist losartan and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on VDR-null mice. Treatment with losartan or captopril normalized the water intake and urine excretion of VDR-null mice. However, the increase in salt excretion in VDR-null mice was not affected by either drug, suggesting that this abnormality is independent of the RAS. Northern blot and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that both drugs caused a drastic stimulation of renin expression in wild-type and VDR-null mice, but renin expression remained much higher in the treated VDR-null mice than in the treated wild-type mice, suggesting that the ANG II feedback mechanism remains intact in the mutant mice. These data firmly established a causative relation between RAS overstimulation and the abnormal volume homeostasis in VDR-null mice and demonstrated that vitamin D repression of renin expression is independent of the ANG II feedback regulation in vivo.
Combined effects of fibrinogen genetic variability on atherosclerosis in patients with or without stable angina pectoris: focus on the coagulation cascade and endothelial function.

Abstract Background Fibrinogen is a coagulation/inflammatory biomarker strongly associated with atherogenesis. Data have reported that the genetic variability on fibrinogen chains may affect the atherosclerotic process and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the combined effects of the G455A and the G58A fibrinogen genetic polymorphisms on prothrombotic profile, endothelial function and the risk of CAD in a Caucasian population. Methods We recruited 422 patients with angiographically documented CAD and 277 controls matched for age and gender. The two polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction endonuclease digestion. Fibrinogen and D-Dimers levels, as well as factors' (f) V, X activity were measured by standard coagulometry techniques. Endothelial function was assessed by the flow mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Results The two polymorphisms had no significant effect on the risk for CAD. Although the 58AA subjects had not significantly different levels of fibrinogen compared with the 58GG+GA in both groups (p=NS), we importantly found that the 455AA homozygosity was associated with increased fibrinogen levels not only in the control group (p=0.035), but also in the CAD group (p Conclusions Both fibrinogen polymorphisms are capable to modify the atherosclerotic process via their effects on the coagulation cascade.
Photoinduced electrokinetic redistribution of nano/microparticles during holographic grating recording in the ferroelectric crystal

We have investigated photoinduced redistribution of metal nanoparticles, placed on the surface of the ferroelectric photorefractive crystal during recording of dynamic holograms. Motivations for this study were improvement of sensitivity for recording of dynamic holographic gratings, for application in nondestructive testing of materials. The home- made biosynthesized gold and silver colloidal solutions were spread as a thin layer on the ferroelectric photorefractive crystal surface. Holographic gratings were recorded in photorefractive crystal of Fe:LiNbO 3 (Fe:LN) by the HeNe laser (λ=633nm) to avoid direct influence of laser light on nanoparticles. Photorefractive holographic grating initially recorded in the crystal volume produce spatially modulated electric field on the crystal surface. This field led to electrophoretic redistribution of the nanoparicles on the crystal surface that result also in additional contribution to the electric field pattern and also change diffraction efficiency of hologram. In addition, we have recorded holographic grating in Fe:LN placed in 5mm cuvette with silver nanoparticles nanofluid and observed nanoparticles distribution along grating line. We have calculated electrophoretic (EP) and dielectrophoretic (DEP) forces on the crystal surface with holographic photorefractive grating, recorded in the crystal. It is shown that longitudinal (along the crystal surface) components of the DEP-force can be described only with high-contrast approach.
Surface Decorated Gold Nanoparticles by Linear and Cyclic Peptides as Molecular Transporters

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized in situ in a green and rapid method from the reaction of reducing linear and cyclic peptides containing tryptophan and lysine residues, (KW)5 and cyclic [KW]5, with an aqueous solution of HAuCl4 and were evaluated as cellular nanodrug delivery systems. The cyclic or linear nature of the peptide was found to determine the morphology and size of the formed peptide-AuNPs and their in vitro molecular transporting efficiency. While cyclic [KW]5-AuNPs formed sponge-like agglomerates, linear (KW)5-AuNPs demonstrated ball-shaped structures. A comparative flow cytometry study showed that the cellular uptake of fluorescence-labeled anti-HIV drugs (emtricitabine (FTC) and lamivudine (3TC)) in human leukemia (CCRF-CEM) cells, and a negatively charged cell-impermeable phosphopeptide (GpYEEI) in human ovarian adecarcinoma (SK-OV-3) cells was significantly higher in the presence of cyclic [KW]5-AuNPs than that of linear (KW)5-AuNPs, parent cyclic [KW]5, and linear (KW)5 peptid...
Unraveling the microenvironmental influences on the normal mammary gland and breast cancer

The normal mammary gland and invasive breast tumors are both complex 'organs' composed of multiple cell types as well as extracellular matrix in three-dimensional (3D) space. Conventionally, both normal and malignant breast cells are studied in vitro as two-dimensional monolayers of epithelial cells, which results in the loss of structure and tissue function. Many laboratories are now investigating regulation of signaling function in the normal mammary gland using 3D cultures. However, it is also important to assay malignant breast cells ex vivo in a physiologically relevant environment to more closely mimic tumor architecture, signal transduction regulation and tumor behavior in vivo. Here we present the potential of these 3D models for drug testing, target validation and guidance of patient selection for clinical trials. We also argue that in order to get full insight into the biology of the normal and malignant breast, and to create in vivo-like models for therapeutic approaches in humans, we need to continue to create more complex heterotypic models to approach the full context the cells encounter in the human body.
The decays K → ππνν within the standard model☆

Abstract We study the reactions K → ππν ν within the minimal standard model. We use isospin symmetry to relate the matrix elements to the form factors measured in Kl4. We argue that these modes are short distance dominated and can be used for precise determinations of the CKM parameters ϱ and η. Depending on the value of the CKM angles we find branching ratios in the following ranges: B(K L → π + π − ν ν ) = [2–5] × 10 −13 ; B(K L → π 0 π 0 ν ν ) = [1–3] × 10 −13 ; B(K + → π + π 0 ν ν ) = [1–2] × 10 −14 . We also discuss a possible CP-odd observable.
COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED HISTAMINE RELEASE FROM HUMAN LEUKOCYTES

C3a and C5a, products of complement (C) activation, produce histamine release (HR) from guinea pig mast cells and cause mast cell degranulation when injected into human skin. Since complement-mediated histamine release from human blood leukocytes has not been demonstrated, the present study was undertaken. The alternate pathway of C was activated by incubating fresh human serum with zymosan. HR from autologous leukocytes was assayed fluorometrically. In 16 normal non-atopic donors 45% ± 10% (mean ± SD) of intracellular histamine was released from leukocytes incubated with zymosan-activated serum. Evidence that C3a and C5a were generated included the following: 1)chemotaxis of PMN's was demonstrated after zymosan treatment of serum, and 2)HR was prevented by heating the serum at 56°C or by absorption with anti-C3 or anti-C5. HR was also inhibited by incubating leukocytes in the cold, by pretreating leukocytes with theophylline or EDTA. When the classic pathway of C was activated by incubating serum with BSA-anti-BSA complexes, HR was similar to that obtained with zymosan. This study indicates that activation of the alternate or classic pathway of C causes HR from human leukocytes. It seems likely that this pathway is an important mechanism for the release of chemical mediators of inflammation in certain immunopathologic diseases.
Endosphaerium funiculatum, gen. nov., sp. nov., a new predaceous fungus mutualistic in the gills of freshwater pelecypods

Abstract A new predaceous fungus mutualistic in the gills of freshwater pelecypods is described: Endosphaerium funiculatum , gen. nov., sp. nov.
Occurrence of bovine herpesvirus-1 DNA in nucleosomes and chromatin of bovine herpesvirus-1-infected cells: identification of a virion-associated protein in chromatin of infected cells.

During virus replication a fraction of the intranuclear DNA of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) was present in the nucleosomal structure of infected eukaryotic cells, and virion proteins were associated with the chromatin of virus infected cells. Synthesis of BHV-1 DNA in bovine embryonic lung (BEL) cells was found to begin four to six hours post-infection (p.i.) and to continue until at least 24 hours p.i. Chromatin isolated from infected cell nuclei at ten hours p.i. contained both BHV-1 viral and cell DNA. No BHV-1 DNA was found in mock-infected cell chromatin. Micrococcal nuclease cleavage products of both mock-infected and BHV-1-infected BEL cell nuclei produced monomers and multimers of unit fragment size which were indistinguishable from each other and displayed a typical nucleosome pattern on agarose gels. Southern analyses of micrococcal nuclease digests of infected cell nuclei indicated that some of the intranuclear BHV-1 DNA was present in a nucleosomal form. Three new proteins (with approximate molecular weights: 125,000, 42,000, and 17,000) were identified in chromatin isolated from BHV-1-infected BEL cells at ten hours p.i. These proteins were not present in mock-infected BEL cell chromatin. The 17,000 molecular weight protein was recognized by BHV-1 virion specific antisera. Neither of the two larger proteins appear to bind DNA from BHV-1. The smallest protein co-migrates with cellular histones, but no DNA binding proteins with the same molecular weight were found in the virion.
Effects of naltrexone on repressive coping and disclosure of emotional material: A test of the opioid-peptide hypothesis of repression and hypertension

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to assess the role of endogenous opioids in the relationship of hypertension to repressive coping. METHODS Ten hypertensive and 8 normotensive males were given either the opioid antagonist naltrexone or placebo in a randomized, double-blind fashion over the course of four laboratory sessions. Measures of repression and disclosure were completed and blood pressure was assessed during a laboratory stressor protocol. RESULTS Opioid antagonism reduced repression and increased disclosure only in the hypertensive group. Also, opioid antagonism increased stress-related systolic blood pressure only in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSION The results support the hypothesis that endogenous opioid dysregulation underlies both hypertension and repressive phenomena.