cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Spacecraft and Debris Trajectory Stability within Binary Asteroid Systems

Using 1999 KW4 as a representative binary asteroid system, we simulate particles in the restricted full three body problem, subject to the complex time-varying (in any frame) gravity field of the binary components, evolving under the full two body problem. Trajectories are propagated for prograde and retrograde orbit initial conditions about each component and the system barycenter, varying initial orbit radius and inclination. For all particles we track impact and escape outcomes and compute finite time Lyapunov characteristic exponents as a metric of trajectory instability in this highly perturbed environment. For select orbit conditions we use an iterative scheme to refine the initial velocity in an attempt to improve trajectory duration and this metric. We synthesize results to globally map the degree of instability throughout the binary, relevant to execution of scientific missions to such a pair.
New fluorine-containing plasticized low lattice energy lithium salt for plastic batteries

Abstract The synthesis of a new plasticized low lattice energy lithium salt (PLI), structurally related to lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), is described. Incorporation of the plasticizing moiety in a single salt molecule greatly simplifies the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) processing formulation without compromising performance. Thermally and electrochemically stable polymer electrolyte films of PLI exhibit good ionic conductivity, though somewhat lower than that for LiTFSI. The pentafluorophenyl analog of LiTFSI, prepared by two approaches, exhibits behavior similar to that of LiTFSI.
CORRELATION OF FUNGAL MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT TO HOST GROWTH IN A GREEN ASH MYCORRHIZA

SUMMARY The relationship between the growth of the host, and development and morphology of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was. studied in green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.). A yearly cycle with three phases is suggested. Phase I is a period of fast shoot growth, slow root growth, rapid colonization of the root system by the mycorrhizal fungus and greater numbers of fungal arbuscles than vesicles. Phase II is a period of fast root growth and a decline in the percentage of root length infected. Phase III is characterized by senescing leaves, infection percentages increasing to a static level, and greater numbers of vesicles than arbuscles. Mycorrhizal green ash seedlings generally had greater heights, weights and root collar diameters and lower root: shoot ratios than non-mycorrhizal seedlings.
Asian American and White American Differences on Affective Distress Symptoms Do Symptom Reports Differ Across Reporting Methods

This study examined whether Asian Americans and White Americans would show differential patterns of reporting their levels of depressive and social anxiety symptoms depending on the method of reporting. Standard self-report measures of depressive, social anxiety, and somatic symptomatology as well as measures of cultural self- construal and social desirability were administered twice to Asian American and White American participants. The results showed that there were no interaction effects between ethnicity and reporting method in any of the self-report measures, both ethnic groups reported lower levels of depressive symptoms in interview condition than in written condition, and Asian Americans reported higher levels of social anxiety than White Americans on both interview and written conditions. The findings suggest that although the method of reporting does not differentially affect Asian Americans, there are persistent ethnic differences between Asian Americans and White Americans in the types and lev...
How Do Bluegills "Select" Large Daphnia in Turbid Water?

M. B. Gardner (1981) presents evidence which he suggests supports the hypothesis that bluegills (Lepolnis Iarcrocliitis) make decisions to ignore smaller I)up/hlii in preference to larger ones and that this is the basis of their size-selectivity. In the paper he rejects an "encounter rate hypothesis' and an "apparent size hypothesis." His conclusions are based on the assumption that at high turbidities 1and 2-mm Daphnia are equally visible. I question the conclusions on three grounds: 1) The data used (Gardner 1981: Fig. I) were generated by Vinyard and O'Brien (1976). Gardner's figure shows that as turbidity increases, the reactive distance decreases and the slope for the larger Daphnia decreases more rapidly, so that at a turbidity of =120 Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU), 1and 2-mm Daphnia are equally visible. However, neither the original data source nor Gardner presents confidence intervals for the regressions, so that although the regression lines appear to intersect, there is no evidence that they are not parallel. 2) The slopes intersect (thus Iand 2-mm Daphula are equally visible) at a turbidity of 120 JTU. However, the highest turbidity used in the source paper was 30 JTU. The points (open circles) above 30 JTU are extrapolations of the source data; there is no direct evidence that the two sizes of Duplliia are equally visible at a turbidity of 120 JTU. 3) A simple thought experiment suggests that the two lines in Fig. 1. should not intersect. If we extrapolate to turbidities >120 JTU, the I-mm Daphuia are more visible than the 2-mm DIphliul. The lines probably either are parallel, or approach each other as asymptotes. If the lines are either parallel or asymptotic, then any of the three hypotheses is still viable.
Faut-il élever des barrières à l'utilisation des antibiotiques ou donner la priorité à la mise en valeur de leur champ d'application ?

Resume Apres avoir brievement rappele en quoi consistait l'autorisation de mise sur le marche (A.M.M.) et quelles en etaient les implications pratiques, l'auteur envisage les differences qui existent a cet egard entre les antibiotiques d'une part et les autres medicaments. Ces differences tiennent : • A la nature de la demarche diagnostique en pathologie infectieuse. • Au caractere « perissablede l'antibiotique. • Aux modalites d'evaluation de l'antibiotique. Cela le conduit a decrire la politique adoptee en France par les pouvoirs publics concernant les antibiotiques et les criteres qui ont conduit a reserver certains d'entre eux a l'usage hospitalier.
HDTrans: a low-overhead dynamic translator

Dynamic translation is a general purpose tool used for instrumenting programs at run time. Many current translators perform substantial rewriting during translation in an attempt to reduce execution time. When dynamic translation is used as a ubiquitous policy enforcement mechanism, the majority of program executions have no dominating inner loop that can be used to amortize the cost of translation. Even under more favorable usage assumptions, our measurements show that such optimizations offer no significant benefit in most cases. A simpler, more maintainable, adaptable, and smaller translator may be preferable to more complicated designs.In this paper, we present HDTrans, a light-weight IA-32 to IA-32 binary translation system that uses some simple and effective translation techniques in combination with established trace linearization and code caching optimizations. We also present an evaluation of translation overhead under non-ideal conditions, showing that conventional benchmarks do not provide a good prediction of translation overhead when used pervasively.A further contribution of this paper is an analysis of the effectiveness of post-compile static pre-translation techniques for overhead reduction. Our results indicate that static pre-translation is effective only when expensive instrumentation or optimization is performed, and that efficient reload of pre-translated code incurs a substantial execution-time penalty.
Optimum design of rectangular panels with a hole

Abstract The optimum design of composite panels with a circular or an elliptical hole is considered in this paper. The objective is to find the best hole location, size and orientation so as to minimize the maximum tangential strain along the circumference of the hole. The problem is treated as a shape optimization problem, and the hole boundary parameterization method is developed in order to maintain the required hole shape. The parameterized relation is further utilized to transform the sensitivity data. The optimization problem is solved iteratively using p-method finite element analysis and linear programming. The results of numerical examples indicate that substantial reduction in the maximum tangential strain is achieved by adjusting the size, location, and orientation of a circular and elliptical hole.
Extension in Mona Passage, Northeast Caribbean

This paper is not subject to U.S. copyright. The definitive version was published in Tectonophysics 493 (2010): 74-92, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2010.07.002.
Towards a Comprehensive Model of Jet Noise Using an Acoustic Analogy and Steady RANS Solutions

An acoustic analogy is developed to predict the noise from jet flows. It contains two source models that independently predict the noise from turbulence and shock wave shear layer interactions. The acoustic analogy is based on the Euler equations and separates the sources from propagation. Propagation effects are taken into account by calculating the vector Green's function of the linearized Euler equations. The sources are modeled following the work of Tam and Auriault, Morris and Boluriaan, and Morris and Miller. A statistical model of the two-point cross-correlation of the velocity fluctuations is used to describe the turbulence. The acoustic analogy attempts to take into account the correct scaling of the sources for a wide range of nozzle pressure and temperature ratios. It does not make assumptions regarding fine- or large-scale turbulent noise sources, self- or shear-noise, or convective amplification. The acoustic analogy is partially informed by three-dimensional steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solutions that include the nozzle geometry. The predictions are compared with experiments of jets operating subsonically through supersonically and at unheated and heated temperatures. Predictions generally capture the scaling of both mixing noise and BBSAN for the conditions examined, but some discrepancies remain that are due to the accuracy of the steady RANS turbulence model closure, the equivalent sources, and the use of a simplified vector Green's function solver of the linearized Euler equations.
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft and the Native Copper of the Keweenaw

The Keweenaw copper district of northern Michigan is unique. All other copper mining regions of the world produce primarily ores of copper compounds, but for more than a century that began in the 1840s the Keweenaw produced copper from one mineral: native copper. A major contribution toward recognizing and understanding the importance of this form of copper was made by Henry Rowe Schoolcraft. His travels through Lake Superior occurred at a time when native copper was believed to have no economic importance by those who represented the newly emerging professional tradition in geology. Although their opinions caused him some uncertainty, the observations he made on the Cass expedition of 1820 formed the basis for his important insights into the possibilities that native copper held for future mining. Perhaps better known for his work on the ethnology of the American Indians and his discovery of the source of the Mississippi River, Schoolcraft's reports and publications on the copper of the Keweenaw brought ...
Modification of continuum chain model of surface-interacting polymers to describe the crossover between weak and strong adsorption

Continuum models of flexible polymers give physically incorrect results in situations where polymers are “localized” to restricted regions of space. Limitations of continuum chain theories for confined polymers are illustrated for surface-interacting polymers where both lattice and continuum calculations can be performed exactly for ideal chains. This comparison reveals the details of the breakdown of the continuum chain model in the regime of strong polymer adsorption. As a remedy to this difficulty, we formally introduce a corrected continuum chain theory by taking the spatial dimension d to depend on the surface interaction in such a way that the lattice and continuum model calculations are required to be consistent for weak and strong polymer adsorption.
The Study of Charged Jets: The Correlation between the Theory and the Experiments

The theoretical calculation of the instability criteria and the critical wavelengths of charged jets at fast charge relaxation is presented. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theory.
Factores que afectan las tasas de captura de langostino amarillo (Cervimunida johni) en la zona norte de Chile

An analysis was made of the factors affecting the catch rates of the yellow squat lobster (Cervimunida johni) in Chile's northern region (26°03'-32°10'S) by reviewing commercial fishing logbooks from 1993 to 2003. Factors evaluated included years, months, depth stratum, fishing areas and fleet characteristics as linear predictors in a generalized linear model (GLM) in order to explain variability in the catch rate. In contrast with other fisheries, with this resource the technical characteristics of the fleet and its' specialization poorly explain variations in catch rate; temporal factors and their interaction were, however, highly significant. The results of this study, together with the life history of the resource, allow the supposition that standardized catch rates are appropriate as an index of relative abundance in this fishery.
Active Uptake of Sodium by Softshell Turtles (Trionyx spinifer)

Aquatic softshell turtles (Trionyx spinifer spinifer) show a net active uptake of sodium from solutions of this cation as dilute as S micromoles per liter. This probably occurs in the pharynx, a site of aquatic respiration. Inhibition of active sodium transport by low temperatures causes an extreme lowering of the sodium concentration in the plasma. Other fresh-water turtles may utilize this mechanism of ionic regulation. The ultrastructure of the pharyngeal villi is similar to that of frog skin and toad bladder.
Image restoration and diffusion processes

A new supplementary a-priori constraint, the slow evolution from the boundary constraint, (SEB), sharply reduces noise contamination in a large class of space-invariant image deblurring problems that occur in medical, industrial, surveillance, environmental, and astronomical application. The noise suppressing properties of SEB restoration can be proved mathematically, on the basis of rigorous error bounds for the reconstruction, as a function of the noise level in the blurred image data. This analysis proceeds by reformulating the image deblurring problem into an equivalent ill-posed problem for a time-reversed diffusion equation. The SEB constraint does not require smoothness of the image. An effective, fast, non-iterative procedure, based on FFT algorithms, may be used to compute SEB restorations. For a 512 X 512 image, the procedure requires about 45 seconds of cpu time on a Sun/sparc2. A documented deblurring experiment, on an image with significant high frequency content, illustrates the computational significance of the SEB constraint by comparing SEB and Tikhonov-Miller reconstructions using optimal values of the regularization parameters.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A hybrid Fe-Fd scheme for solving parabolic two-step micro heat transport equations in an irregularly shaped three-dimensional double-layered thin film

Heat transport at the microscale is important in microtechnology applications. The heat transport equations are parabolic two-step equations, which differ from the traditional heat diffusion equation. In this study, a hybrid finite-element–finite-difference (FE-FD) method for solving the parabolic two-step heat transport equations in a three-dimensional, irregular geometry, double-layered thin film exposed to ultrashort-pulsed lasers is developed. It is shown that the scheme is unconditionally stable with respect to the heat source. The method is illustrated by three numerical examples in which the temperature rise in a gold layer on a chromium padding layer is investigated.
A rocket observation of the far-ultraviolet spectrum of Saturn

Far-ultraviolet (1160-1750 A) spectra of the Saturnian disk and the ring system have been obtained by using a very sensitive rocket-borne spectrograph with a microchannel plate detector. The use of two apertures of different diameter in the telescope focal plane permitted the separation of the contribution of the planetary disk from that of the rings. H I lambda 1216 was the only atomic spectral line emission detected in the planet and the rings. A weak signal from the disk between 1300 A and 1500 A was observed. Geometric disk albedos, averaged over 50 A, were determined from 1500 A to 1700 A. Measurements of the ring reflectivity longward of 1650 A are compatible with H2O frost but not NH3 frost.
Failed States and Connections to Terrorist Activity

A strong connection has been drawn between failed and/or failing states and terrorism. Not all failed/failing states promote equal amounts of terrorism. This article compares failed states that pro...
Efficiency of projected score methods in rectangular array asymptotics

Summary. The paper considers a rectangular array asymptotic embedding for multistratum data sets, in which both the number of strata and the number of within-stratum replications increase, and at the same rate. It is shown that under this embedding the maximum likelihood estimator is consistent but not efficient owing to a non-zero mean in its asymptotic normal distribution. By using a projection operator on the score function, an adjusted maximum likelihood estimator can be obtained that is asymptotically unbiased and has a variance that attains the Cram6r-Rao lower bound. The adjusted maximum likelihood estimator can be viewed as an approximation to the conditional maximum likelihood estimator.
Preparation and properties of clostridial apoferredoxins.

Abstract A procedure has previously been described for the removal of the iron and inorganic or “acid-labile” sulfide from clostridial ferredoxin, the isolation of the resulting protein, apoferredoxin, and the conditions for the reconstitution of ferredoxin from this protein ( Malkin and Rabinowitz, 1966b ). The apoprotein was prepared by treatment of ferredoxin with the mercurial, mersalyl, and was purified by chromatography on Chelex and Sephadex columns. Reconstitution required the addition of a source of ionic iron, inorganic sulfide, and a mercaptide reducing agent. These could be supplied by Fe(SO4)(NH4)2SO4, sodium sulfide, and 2-mercaptoethanol. No reconstitution was obtained if any one of the three components was omitted, nor was any iron or sulfide incorporated into the protein if either or both other components were omitted from the reconstitution incubation mixture. In this communication we wish to describe two alternate methods for the preparation of apoferredoxins, compare the chemical properties of these apoferredoxins, and describe the requirements for reconstitution of ferredoxin from these proteins. These preparations employ acid to remove the iron and inorganic sulfide from ferredoxin, rather than treatment with a mercurial, as previously described.
INTEGRAL EQUATIONS OF THE SECOND KIND FOR STOKES FLOW: DIRECT SOLUTION FOR PHYSICAL VARIABLES AND REMOVAL OF INHERENT ACCURACY LIMITATIONS

Boundary integral methods offer the most attractive combination of generality and computational efficiency for a wide class of particulate Stokes flow problems. Integral equations of the first kind have been numerically applied for more than a decade, whereas those of the second kind are numerically better behaved but involve abstract nonphysical density distributions and have not gained much popularity in applications. We show how the latter may be used for the direct solution of mobility problems, and how the surface tractions corresponding to rigid body motion of a particle may be easily found, thus removing the major disadvantages of the second kind formulations. For the numerical examples we also show how Fourier analysis may be applied to non-axisymmetric problems with axisymmetric boundaries to yield one-dimensional Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. As an application we solve the resistance problem with a numerically efficient quadrature collocation method that avoids the complication...
A Discussion of "A Measure of Computational Work" 2

This note presents a discussion of some issues that have been raised about my paper1"A Measure of Computational Work."
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII IN FREE-RANGING CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS (ZALOPHUS CALIFORNIANUS)

The coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii infects humans and warm-blooded animals worldwide. The ecology of this parasite in marine systems is poorly understood, although many marine mammals are infected and susceptible to clinical toxoplasmosis. We summarized the lesions associated with T. gondii infection in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) population and investigated the prevalence of and risk factors associated with T. gondii exposure, as indicated by antibody. Five confirmed and four suspected cases of T. gondii infection were identified by analysis of 1,152 medical records of necropsied sea lions from 1975-2009. One suspected and two confirmed cases were identified in aborted fetuses from a sea lion rookery. Toxoplasmosis was the primary cause of death in five cases, including the two fetuses. Gross and histopathologic findings in T. gondii-infected sea lions were similar to those reported in other marine mammals. The most common lesions were encephalitis, meningitis, and myocarditis. The antibody prevalence in stranded, free-ranging sea lions for 1998-2009 was 2.5% (±0.03%; IgG titer 640). There was an increase in odds of exposure in sea lions with increasing age, suggesting cumulative risk of exposure and persistent antibody over time. The occurrence of disseminated T. gondii infection in aborted fetuses confirms vertical transmission in sea lions, and the increasing odds of exposure with age is consistent with additional opportunities for horizontal transmission in free-ranging sea lions over time. These data suggest that T. gondii may have two modes of transmission in the sea lion population. Overall, clinical disease was uncommon in our study which, along with low prevalence of T. gondii antibody, suggests substantially less-frequent exposure and lower susceptibility to clinical disease in California sea lions as compared to sympatric southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis).
The Researcher and The Manager: A Dialectic of Implementation

The purpose of this paper is to review various opinions and differences of opinion which have been expressed concerning that aspect of research referred to as “implementation.” We have used the term “implementation” to refer to the manner in which the results of scientific effort may come to be used by the manager. The “problem of implementation” is the problem of determining what activities of the scientist and the manager are most appropriate to bring about an effective relationship between the two.
Wireless emergency routing on empirical data: shaving time saves lives

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the outcomes of the RED (Routing on Empirical Data) Project, a three year cross‐jurisdictional collaborative undertaking in the State of California that significantly improved the efficiency of the State's wireless 9‐1‐1 emergency communications system.Design/methodology/approach – The Project's approach looked at historical wireless call data over a three‐year period and created accurate jurisdictional shapefiles to identify actual call origination and determine statistically which Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) should receive wireless 9‐1‐1 calls routed to a particular wireless sector.Findings – The findings or outcomes of the project were that busy signals previously in the 9‐1‐1 system were dramatically reduced to 2.3 per cent of total call volume in 2011 from 42.4 per cent of total call volume in 2007. This occurred with a concurrent 29 per cent increase in call volume over the same time period.Practical implications – The practical and socia...
Lumbosacral radiculopathy secondary to L5 metastatic melanoma of unknown primary

Lumbosacral radiculopathy secondary to spinal malignancy is rare. Spinal melanoma without cutaneous manifestations is even more unusual. We present the case of a 45-year-old physician with a history of degenerative disease of lumbar spine and chronic back pain who presented with increasing back pain with right radiculopathy despite conservative management for 6 months. Computed tomography showed a destructive lesion of the L5 vertebral body. Results from a biopsy guided by computed tomography suggested neoplasm of unknown origin. The patient underwent anterior vertebrectomy with instrumentation and fusion. Surgical pathology study results showed metastatic melanoma of unknown primary. The patient had no cutaneous manifestation of the disease. This is the first reported case of radiculopathy due to melanoma metastatic to the lumbar spine. In view of the atypical presentation of our patient's malignancy, we emphasize the importance of including malignancy of lumbar spine in the differential diagnosis of progressive lower back pain with radiculopathy.
Spectroscopic investigations of olefinic compounds: Part I. Rehybridization as a concept for the counterbalance of sterical hindrance and ring strain

Rehybridization as a possible means to alleviate the effects of sterical hindrance and ringstrain has been investigated. This concept, although general in nature, has been analysed in detail for ethylenic structures. It is shown that two out of the six fundamental distortions of a “molecule” can be counter-balanced by rehybridization. One of these, the in-plane rehybridization of the sp2 hybrid orbitals, seems to be the most useful mechanism. For small distortions the change in p character (as given by its mixing coefficient λk) for each of these sp2 orbits depends only on the change in bond angle (ΘY) opposite to the (k) hybrid orbital. It is shown that Δλk = √6ΔΘY. The theory allows the prediction of infrared frequency shifts for the C-H stretching, C C stretching, C C-H in-plane deformation, and C C-H out-of-plane deformation vibrations as a function of sterical hindrance. A comparison of the infrared spectra of a large variety of ethylenic hydrocarbons reveals a very satisfactory agreement between observed and predicted shifts.
Scatter rejection by electronic collimation.

An electronic scanning‐slit technology is under development which involves replacing paired fore and aft slits for scatter rejection with only one fore slit. As the slit scans across the portion of the patient to be imaged, pulsed x‐ray exposures produce images of the slit in successive positions, which are digitized and stored in computer memory. Software techniques are used for tracking the slit image, and discriminating against scatter and veiling glare lying outside the slit image. Such ‘‘electronic collimation’’ does not require synchronization between the slit‐scanning and detector readout, which makes it much simpler than alternative methods and potentially adaptable to any digital fluorography system. The performance characteristics of a prototype unit are described and images of a low‐contrast phantom are presented.
Characteristics of Dieting and Nondieting Adolescents in a Psychiatric Inpatient Setting

The clinical and psychosocial characteristics of 239 dieting and nondieting adolescents (61% female; mean age=15.3) recruited from an inpatient psychiatric setting were examined. Dieting adolescents were compared to nondieting adolescents on exercise frequency, weight control behaviors, risky behaviors, psychiatric comorbidity and distress, eating disorder symptomatology, smoking, coping, and family factors. While dieters did not statistically differ from nondieters on scores of body mass index, dieting youth reported greater levels of self-reported distress, poorer coping, greater eating disorder symptomatology, and were more likely to engage in extreme weight control behaviors. In addition, dieting was associated with higher rates of major depression (58% vs 34%) and eating disorders (14% vs 1%). Among adolescent smokers, dieters endorsed smoking as a weight control behavior. Engaging in risky behaviors or familial factors did not differentiate dieters from nondieters. Given the number of negative correlates associated with dieting in adolescents, identifying dieting and weight control behaviors in clinical settings may prove to be an effective strategy in the development of prevention and intervention efforts for youth.
Sans Study of Phase Separation in Solid 3He-4He

Small angle neutron scattering has been used to study phase separation in a quantum alloy, solid 3Hex-4He1-x. The onset of phase separation is marked by a dramatic increase in the measured scattering. A simple interpretation of the results suggests that the late-stage phase separation kinetics are dominated by an increase in the concentration of 3He atoms in preexisting precipitate regions.
MICE DEFICIENT IN CYSTATHIONINE BETA -SYNTHASE : ANIMAL MODELS FOR MILD AND SEVERE HOMOCYST(E)INEMIA

Studies by various investigators have indicated that elevated levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine are strongly associated with the occurrence of occlusive vascular diseases. With the eventual aim of determining whether or not elevated plasma homocyst(e)ine concentrations are directly causative of cardiovascular diseases, we have generated mice that are moderately and severely homocyst(e)inemic. Homologous recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells was used to inactivate the cystathionine beta-synthase [L-serine hydrolyase (adding homocysteine), EC 4.2.1.22] gene. Homozygous mutants completely lacking cystathionine beta-synthase were born at the expected frequency from matings of heterozygotes, but they suffered from severe growth retardation and a majority of them died within 5 weeks after birth. Histological examination showed that the hepatocytes of homozygotes were enlarged, multinucleated, and filled with microvesicular lipid droplets. Plasma homocyst(e)ine levels of the homozygotes were approximately 40 times normal. These mice, therefore, represent a model for severe homocyst(e)inemia resulting from the complete lack of cystathionine beta-synthase. Heterozygous mutants have approximately 50% reduction in cystathionine beta-synthase mRNA and enzyme activity in the liver and have twice normal plasma homocyst(e)ine levels. Thus, the heterozygous mutants are promising for studying the in vivo role of elevated levels of homocyst(e)ine in the etiology of cardiovascular diseases.
High-speed impact location detection on anisotropic composite panels using embedded piezoelectric sensors:

This article proposes a novel method for high-speed impact detection in composite panels and compares the technique with the conventional triangulation method. The proposed method uses groups of closely spaced embedded sensors to calculate the angles of the impact to these sensor groups. Angles from two groups of sensors are then used for the calculation of the impact location. The new method has reduced computational cost (and thus a faster calculation time) than the triangulation technique. The lower computational cost allows the use of cheaper, lighter, and less energy-consuming electronics, which has obvious advantages in real-time impact detection. Furthermore, because of the close proximity of the sensors within a sensor group, the novel method simplifies electronic cable routing and manufacturing. The new method is demonstrated experimentally using epoxy–fiberglass [0°/90°] composite panels with a network of embedded piezoelectric sensors and various sensor group geometries. The experiments were ca...
High-power 467-nm passively locked signal-resonant sum-frequency laser.

We have generated more than 120 mW of TEM00 radiation at 467 nm by summing the resonantly enhanced output of an 845-nm GaAlAs tapered semiconductor amplifier with the intracavity field of a 1047-nm diode-pumped Nd:YLF laser, using a KTP crystal. Optical feedback was used to lock the frequency of the tapered amplifier to a cavity resonance.
Drawing Vibrational Modes by Computer

Spectroscopists by necessity utilize group theory and normal coordinate treatment (NCT) to describe the normal modes of vibration of molecules. As discussed previously, the normal coordinates can be transformed to a Cartesian reference frame yielding a table of Cartesian displacement coordinates. Using known bond distances and bond angles, the equilibrium Cartesian coordinates can be calculated. However, equilibrium and displacement coordinates are very difficult to comprehend unless the graphical equivalent (or plot) is drawn.
Construct validation of a non-exercise measure of cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality but is rarely assessed in medical settings due to burdens of time, cost, risk, and resources. The purpose of this study was to test the construct validity of a regression equation developed by Jurca and colleagues (2005) to estimate CRF without exercise testing in community dwelling older adults. Participants (n = 172) aged 60 to 80 years with no contraindications to submaximal or maximal exercise testing completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) and the submaximal Rockport 1-mile walk test on separate occasions. Data included in the regression equation (age, sex, body mass index, resting heart rate, and physical activity) were obtained via measurement or self-report. Participants also reported presence of cardiovascular conditions. The multiple R for the regression equation was .72, p < .001 and CRF estimated from this equation was significantly correlated with the MET value from the GXT (r = 0.66) and with CRF estimated from submaximal field testing (r = 0.67). All three CRF indices were significantly and inversely associated with reporting more cardiovascular conditions. This research provides preliminary evidence that a non-exercise estimate of CRF is at least as valid as field test estimates of CRF and represents a low-risk, low-cost, and expedient method for estimating fitness in older adults.
U.S. Army Nutrition Care Initiatives Creating Efficient Organizations Through Best Practices

Abstract Army dietitians are leading the way in the Military Health System with innovative thinking and cost efficiencies while simultaneously meeting the demands of their wartime roles. In 1997, senior Army dietitians devised a strategic plan to identify the best practices in foodservices and medical nutrition operations. An integral part of that plan was the Nutrition Care Benchmarking Program. This program enhances customer satisfaction and improves operational efficiencies through cost analysis. It ensures that dietitians are critically reviewing their operations and identifies the most efficient and innovative strategies. Information for the baseline year of 1997 and 1998 was collected on Total Meals Served, Labor Costs Per Meal Served, and Total Costs Per Meal Served. A survey of business practices and initiatives designed to increase cost efficiencies was also conducted. Outcomes shown were: A 7% increase in total meals served while decreasing labor costs by 7%. Business reengineering led to an 11% decrease in total costs per meal, 67% of facilities reduced labor costs through staffing and scheduling changes and 89% of operations increased revenues through innovative programs such as mobile food carts, menu redesign and expansion of the customer base.
Involution of the adrenal cortex of rats treated with thiouracil.

There is considerable contradiction in the literature regarding the influence of antithyroidal drugs on the adrenal cortex. Kennedy and Purvis (1941) reported adrenal hypertrophy after feeding Brassica seed, while Richter and Clisby (1942), Williams, Bissell, Jandorf, and Peters (1944), and Gordon, Goldsmith and Charipper (1944) found no effect on adrenal size. Others have expressed the opinion that any change in the weight of the adrenal gland is concurrent with a loss in body weight and have reported that if the weight of the adrenal gland is expressed as a percentage of body weight no effect is apparent (Leblond and Hoff, 1944; Williams, Weinglass, Bissell and Peters, 1944; Leathern, 1945 and 1946; Smithcors, 1945). Finally, a third group of investigators have reported a significant involution of the adrenal glands as the result of treatment with the goitrogens (Bauman and Marine, 1945; McQuillan and Trikojus, 1946; Deane and Greep, 1947), and have found hemorrhage and necrosis in the adrenal cortex
Nerve growth factor receptor expression on dendritic reticulum cells in follicular lymphoid proliferations.

Abstract Using an antibody to the nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), we examined dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs) immunohistochemically in 62 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph nodes from patients with reactive follicular hyperplasia or with various types of lymphoma. A dendritic staining pattern within germinal centers was present in 25 of 26 routinely processed lymph nodes with reactive follicular hyperplasia. In contrast, dendritic staining with anti-NGFR was present within neoplastic follicles in only three of 28 follicular lymphomas. Staining of benign, residual centers with anti-NGFR was present in mantle zone lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease. These findings suggest a possible role for the NGFR in the maturation and/or activation of normal DRCs. The loss of NGFR expression in most follicular lymphomas indicates that DRCs are altered as part of the neoplastic process. The possibility that DRCs may play a role in the pathogenesis of follicular lymphoma is suggested.
Stock‐market reaction to growth‐induced dividend cuts: Are investors myopic?

This paper focuses on shareholder reaction to growth-motivated dividend cuts and omissions. The results reveal that although growth announcements mitigate the capital loss induced by dividend decreases, the stockmarket response to growth-oriented dividend cuts is still strongly negative. However, the capital loss suffered by investors is significantly reduced when dividend cuts are accompanied with stock dividends. Two potential explanations of the results are explored: (1) shareholders find the immediate benefits of stock dividends more attractive than the potentially higher future rewards of investment opportunities; and (2) shareholders overreact to dividend announcements. Analysis of the performance of the firms for two years following the dividend cut indicates weak support for the overreaction hypothesis.
Design and crystallography of multilayered media

Abstract In this paper several different schemes for multilayered longitudinal magnetic recording media are presented and discussed. We will focus the discussion on those schemes on which we have worked over the past several years, emphasizing the role of new underlayers, seed layers, intermediate layers and interlayers. In each case we discuss the role that each of the layers plays in determining the important magnetic properties and recording performance of the Co based hcp thin film media. Included in the paper is a review of the role of new underlayers (NiAl and MgO), seed layers (MgO), intermediate layers (Cr, Co alloys) and interlayers (Cr, Al, Cu and Ag). Throughout we discuss the role of epitaxy between the various layers and demonstrate that the resulting microstructure and crystallographic texture of the films depends strongly on such epitaxy. These characteristics, in turn, control the resulting magnetic properties of the Co based films such as in plane coercivity H c and squareness ratio, S ∗ .
Ground-penetrating radar soil suitability map of the conterminous United States

Abstract The performance of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) in soils strongly depends on soil electrical conductivity. Soils having high electrical conductivity rapidly attenuate radar energy, which restricts penetration depths and severely limits the effectiveness of GPR. Factors influencing the electrical conductivity of soils include the amount and type of salts in solution and the clay content. The Ground-Penetrating Radar Soil Suitability Map of the Conterminous United States is a thematic map showing the relative suitability of soils for GPR applications within comparatively large areas of the United States. This map is based on over twenty-five years of field observations made throughout the United States and soil attribute data contained in the State Soil Geographic (STATSGO) database. Attribute data used to determine the suitability of soils include taxonomic criteria, clay content, salinity, sodium absorption ratio, and calcium carbonate content. Based on additional testing, several GPR specific adjustments have been made. This paper describes these revisions and outlines the procedures used to develop the revised map. The revised map limits areas that are rated as being “Unsuited” for GPR to saline and sodic soils, reassesses calcareous and gypsiferous soils, and provides a mineralogy override for soils with low activity clays. This map can be used to assess the relative appropriateness of GPR for soil investigations within comparatively large areas of the conterminous United States.
Accommodating negative intracluster correlation with a mixed effects logistic model for bivariate binary data

We extend the random intercept logistic model to accommodate negative intracluster correlations for bivariate binary response data. This approach assumes a single random effect per cluster, but entails separate affine transformations of this random effect for the two responses of the pair. We show this approach works for two data sets and a simulation, whereas other mixed effects approaches fail. The two data sets are from a crossover trial and a developmental toxicity study of the effects of chemical exposure on malformation risk among rat pups. Comparisons are made with the conditional likelihood approach and with generalized estimating equations estimation of the population-averaged logit model. Simulations show the conditional likelihood approach does not perform well for moderate to strong negative correlations, as a positive intracluster correlation is assumed. The proposed mixed effects approach appears to be slightly more conservative than the population-averaged approach with respect to coverage of confidence intervals. Nonetheless, the statistical literature suggests that mixed effects models provide information in addition to that provided by population-averaged models under scientific contexts such as crossover trials. Extensions to trivariate and higher-dimensional responses also are addressed. However, such extensions require certain constraints on the correlation structure.
First Report of Downy Mildew on Blackberry Caused by Peronospora sparsa in Arkansas.

In March of 2014, blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) greenhouse seedlings with leaf symptoms that included yellowing on the leaf surface and reddish brown angular lesions with necrotic centers and chlorotic margins were detected in the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station in Clarksville, AR (35°32.065′ N, 93°24.3564′ W). Symptoms were observed on multiple blackberries in the greenhouse, with an estimated prevalence of 25%. Three symptomatic samples of the affected plants were submitted to the Plant Health Clinic in Fayetteville, AR, for diagnosis. Sporulation was observed on the underside of the symptomatic leaf tissue. Hyaline sporangiophores were observed emerging from stomata on the undersides of leaves, 295 to 620 × 4 to 6 μm with long, straight trunks and were branched 3 to 4 times with bifurcated tips, with a length of 5 to 23 μm. Typically, one branch of each pair curved inward and one reflexed. Sporangiophores ended with sporangia that were round or slightly ovoid, colorless to yellowish-brown...
Sequential Plasmapheresis and Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy for Refractory Myasthenia Gravis: Case Report

Immunotherapy is currently the standard therapy for myasthenia gravis (MG) although some patients may be refractory to treatment. We describe the use of sequential plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy for treatment of advanced MG in a patient refractory to all forms of medical treatment including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and intermittent plasmapheresis. The patient, a 37-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), had initially responded well to treatment with high dose corticosteroids and intermittent plasmapheresis, with the duration of response ranging from 3 to 4 months. However, after 18 months of therapy, the duration of response had gradually decreased to 1 month. She responded well to a 5 day trial of plasmapheresis followed by high dose IVIG, and the duration of response increased to 6 months. The SLE activity was relatively silent during each relapse. This report indicates the potential usefulness of sequential plasmapheresis and IVIG in the treatment of patients with refractory MG and SLE.
The decay of 189W

Abstract 189W was produced through the reaction 192Os (n, α) 189W and its half-life was determined to be 11·5 ± 0·3 min. γ-rays with an energy of 130, 178, 258 and 417 keV as well as others with lower intensity were observed. Some coincidence measurements are reported. An end-point energy of 2·5 ± 0·2 MeV for the β-spectrum of 189W was obtained.
Enhanced flocculation with double flocculants

Abstract Flocculation of alumina was investigated in this study with polystyrene sulfonate and cationic polyacrylamide as polymers, alone and in combinations with each other. When used alone, polystyrene sulfonate showed some limited flocculation, while cationic polyacrylamide did not produce any flocculation of the alumina powder. Electrokinetics and adsorption results suggest this to be due to charge neutralization in the former case and electrostatic repulsion in the latter case. When these two polymers were added together, flocculation, measured in terms of settling rate, was enhanced markedly. This is attributed to the bridging by cationic polyacrylamide of alumina particles with preadsorbed polystyrene sulfonate. Viscosity results for the polymer combinations support the governing role of the polymer—polymer complexation. It was also found that flocculation obtained with the two polymers premixed was lower than that obtained with the polymers introduced individually. This suggests that polymer complex formation in bulk during mixing is detrimental to the flocculation process since the interparticle bridging capacity of the polymer is thus reduced.
Sieve Bootstrap Prediction Intervals for Contamined BIP-ARMA Processes

In this paper we present the construction of prediction intervals for time series based on the sieve bootstrap technique, which does not require the distributional assumption of normality that most parametric techniques impose. The construction of prediction intervals in the presence of innovation outliers does not have distributional robustness, leading to undesirable increase in the length of the prediction interval. In the analysis of financial time series it is common to have irregular observations that have different types of isolated and group outliers. For this reason we propose the construction of prediction intervals based in the winzorised residuals and bootstrap techniques for time series. The algorithm used for the construction of prediction interval is based in the AR-sieve bootstrap technique for non-parametric linear models. This method is compared using a Monte Carlo study with other proposal recently published in the literature obtaining favorable results in terms of a metric based in the interval length and coverage.
Reduction and Negation in Emily Dickinson's THERE’S A CERTAIN SLANT OF LIGHT and Wallace Stevens's THE SNOW MAN

From Blank to Blank— A Threadless Way I pushed Mechanic feet— To stop—or perish—or advance— Alike indifferent— (Emily Dickinson, “Poem 761”) With the exception of Hart Crane, no modernist American ...