cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of leader emotion management in leader–member exchange and follower outcomes

Abstract In response to growing calls for such research, we develop and test a model of leader behaviors directed at managing followers' negative emotions. These leader interpersonal emotion management strategies (IEMS) are posited to affect followers' organizational citizenship behaviors performed within interpersonal relationships (OCBIs) and job satisfaction via follower perceptions of the quality of the leader–member exchange relationship (LMX). In addition, we posit that some, but not all, leader IEMS promote and strengthen LMX relationships. Results from multisource data in a sample of 163 leader–follower dyads confirmed the majority of the hypothesized direct effects of the leader IEMS and mediating effects of LMX.
CT and MRI Appearances of Primary Sphenoid Melanoma: A Rare Case

Primary sphenoid melanoma is a rare tumor. A 75-year-old man presented with complaints of headache and visual complaints for a few days. CT and MRI of the brain demonstrated a sphenoid sinus mass with appearances suggesting a diagnosis of melanoma. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Other differential diagnostic considerations on CT and MRI are discussed. We also discuss the further role of contrast MRI in determining the actual extent of the tumor in the critical skull base area.
Paterson, Sue. 2008. Manual of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing/John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom, 356 pp. ISBN 978-1-4051-6753-6, price (paper), $99.99

Sue Paterson. 2008. Manual of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat. 2nd ed. Blackwell Publishing/John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom, 356 pp. ISBN 978-1-4051-6753-6, price (paper), $99.99. Not every mammalogist will search for this reference on their library shelf, yet Paterson's Manual of Skin Diseases of the Dog and Cat may be a valuable resource for the mammalogist with research interests in wildlife diseases, disease ecology, or areas of applied research that continue to place demands on professional biologists working for government and nongovernment organizations with a broad mandate for monitoring the health of wildlife resources. Paterson's 2nd edition provides a practical addition to an organization's library, especially if their charge is focused on wildlife health. And, for the specialist in canine or feline biology, the content may be invaluable as an adjunct to species-specific information. Paterson's 2nd edition stems from the author's combining and updating 2 earlier editions of her Skin Diseases of the Dog (Paterson 1998), which remains a valued reference in my personal library, and Skin Diseases of the Cat (Paterson 2000) into a single volume. Whereas veterinary clinical practitioners remain the primary readership for the 2nd edition, wildlife veterinarians, environmental toxicologists, and wildlife biologists may share similar reference needs when it comes to evaluating wildlife health in the field or in animals held in captivity for …
In situ Breast Cancer

Breast carcinoma in situ (BCIS) is the penultimate step in the progression of normal epithelium from hyperplasia to invasive breast cancer. There are two types of BCIS: ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Most BCIS of both types originate in the terminal duct lobular unit, with the type of cells and their growth pattern providing the distinguishing features. DCIS is a proliferation of presumably malignant epithelial cells confined to the mammary ducts and lobules without demonstrable evidence of invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma (Harris et al. 1997). DCIS is typically detected by mammography, as it is frequently associated with microcalcifications (Damiani et al. 2002). LCIS is a solid proliferation of generally small and often loosely cohesive cells with small, uniform, round to oval nuclei (Harris et al. 1997). The overall lobular architecture is maintained and the cells are contained within the basement membrane. LCIS is often multicentric and bilateral and is most commonly diagnosed incidentally by a breast procedure performed for another reason (Damiani et al. 2002).
Fiber-centered granger causality analysis

Granger causality analysis (GCA) has been well-established in the brain imaging field. However, the structural underpinnings and functional dynamics of Granger causality remain unclear. In this paper, we present fibercentered GCA studies on resting state fMRI and natural stimulus fMRI datasets in order to elucidate the structural substrates and functional dynamics of GCA. Specifically, we extract the fMRI BOLD signals from the two ends of a white matter fiber derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data, and examine their Granger causalities. Our experimental results showed that Granger causalities on white matter fibers are significantly stronger than the causalities between brain regions that are not fiber-connected, demonstrating the structural underpinning of functional causality seen in resting state fMRI data. Cross-session and cross-subject comparisons showed that our observations are reproducible both within and across subjects. Also, the fiber-centered GCA approach was applied on natural stimulus fMRI data and our results suggest that Granger causalities on DTI-derived fibers reveal significant temporal changes, offering novel insights into the functional dynamics of the brain.
Activating NK cell receptors providing immunity against viruses and tumors

NK cells use activating receptors employing three biochemically distinct pathways in order to provide innate immunity against tumors and pathogens. Similar to the B- and T-cell receptors, several NK cell receptors, including the activating KIR and Ly49 receptors, signal by association with the ITAM-bearing adapter protein DAP12. Ly49H has been implicated directly in viral recognition. ITAM-based signaling requires the Syk and ZAP70 kinases and the involvement of this pathway in tumor killing is under study. A second pathway of NK activation involves PI3 kinase. DAP10 adapter protein activates this pathway and permits NK cells to kill tumors bearing ligands of the DAP10-associated NKG2D receptor. Studies using neutralizing anti-NKG2D mAb in vivo implicate this receptor in both anti-tumor and anti-viral functions. An independent pathway of activation which amplifies these responses involves the SAP adaptor protein linked to the CD244 (2B4) NK receptors. Full NK activation requires a synergy between the PI3 kinase, Syk/ZAP70 and SAP pathways to permit optimal attach against cancer. This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity , a [Cancer Research Institute][1] journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research . [1]: http://cancerresearch.org/
Retirement Income Security: A Look at Social Security, Employment-Based Retirement Plans, and Health Savings Accounts

This paper presents issues examined and discussed by participants at the Employee Benefit Research Institute's spring policy forum in Washington, DC, held May 5, 2005. EBRI President Dallas Salisbury said the forum was designed to pull together research that touched on the "total integration of all aspects of financial security." About 100 participants examined the different forces at work that threaten economic security in retirement, and heard EBRI researchers and others discuss three topics: Social Security overhaul, 401(k) enrollment and accumulations, and health savings accounts. Before the forum ended, participants appeared to agree on the need to include health care expenses as part of retirement planning, and on the idea of automatically enrolling all workers who are eligible to participate in 401(k) plans. But they expressed widely divergent views in a debate on the president's proposal to restructure Social Security.
Neoplasms involving the heart, their simulators, and adverse consequences of their therapy.

Primary cardiac tumors involving the heart may be either benign or malignant. Most of the benign tumors are myxomas, which are most commonly located in the left atrium. Primary malignant neoplasms ...
Prediction of transitional and fully turbulent flow using an alternative to the laminar kinetic energy approach

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new eddy-viscosity turbulence model for prediction of laminar, transitional and turbulent flow, as an alternative to the popular laminar kinetic energy framework. The model represents a conceptually different description of the transition process, in which the pressure-strain terms of the Reynolds stress budget are suppressed in pretransitional flow regions, and transition is viewed as activation of the pressure-strain terms. This concept has been implemented using an existing linear-eddy viscosity Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes transitional model as a baseline, which has been modified to more accurately capture the physics of fully turbulent free shear flows. The model is tested for several boundary layer and free shear flow test cases. The simulations show engineering accurate results, qualitatively equivalent to the baseline transition-sensitive model for boundary layer test cases, and substantially improved over the baseline model for fully turbulent free shear flows. Th...
Disaster Preparedness and Response Innovations: Implications for Urbanization and Health

As cities around the world are growing and accounting for a higher proportion of the global population, the impact of natural and man-made disasters on the urban landscape is becoming greater. Simultaneously, vulnerable populations are often concentrated into densely populated and geographically susceptible areas within cities, and climate change is increasing the frequency and severity of many forms of natural disasters. The need for comprehensive preparation for, and responses to, disasters in cities is increasing. This chapter explores innovations in each of the four phases of disaster preparedness: planning, mitigation, response, and recovery.
The Effect of Gelatin on the Antiperotic Properties of Choline, Betaine and Yeast

Abstract In previous work at this laboratory (McGinnis, Norris and Heuser, 1944), it was found that either betaine or methionine was almost as effective as choline in preventing perosis when added to a simplified diet composed principally of natural ingredients. On the other hand, when added to a purified diet, choline was the only effective agent of the three substances. One of the differences between the two diets was that the purified diet contained gelatin whereas the simplified diet did not. Accordingly, the possible effect of gelatin on the antiperotic activity of several substances was studied. Two basal mixtures, one with and one without gelatin, were formulated as shown in Table 1. The mixture without gelatin was a slight modification of the simplified diet used by McGinnis and co-workers (1944). The experimental diets consisted of 95 parts of a basal mixture combined with 5 parts of one of the following supplements. . . .
Speech Findings in CATCH22 Patients

FISH法による染色体分析によってCATCH22と診断された14例の言語の特徴について分析した.これらの患児のうち心疾患を伴うものは11例, 特異顔貌を伴うもの13例であった.口蓋咽頭の異常については, 14例のうち4例に粘膜下口蓋裂 (SMCP) , 3例に先天性鼻咽腔閉鎖機能不全症 (CVPI) , 1例に軽度の口蓋垂裂を認めた.SMCPのうち1例は鼻咽腔閉鎖機能が良好なため, 手術を行っていない.他の3例には全例咽頭弁形成術を施行したが, 鼻咽腔閉鎖機能が改善したのは2例, この2例のうち構音障害が改善したのは1例であった.CVPIの3例も全例に咽頭弁形成術を施行されているが, 鼻咽腔閉鎖機能が改善したのは2例, 鼻咽腔閉鎖機能不全に由来する構音障害が改善したのは1例であった.口蓋咽頭の異常が認められなかった6例のうち, 2例は言語発達途上で一過性の声門破裂音を呈したが自然改善した.1例は咬合異常に起因すると思われる口蓋化構音を示した.CATCH22の言語症状は多様であり, 鼻咽腔閉鎖不全に対する術後成績にもばらつきがみられた.
Molecular Dissociation Observed by Four-Wave Mixing: Variation of Photodissociation Fragment Distribution with Pump Ellipticity

Molecular dissociation is detected with an atomic wavepacket and parametric four-wave mixing in femtosecond pump-probe experiments. Product states' distributions are obtained and compared for linearly and elliptically polarized pump/probe.
Frequency Dependent Conductivity of High Tc Oxide Superconductors

The normal state properties of the cuprate superconductors are quite unusual, and depend strongly on the degree of doping. In the absence of electron-electron interactions, one would expect that the undoped systems would be simple metals, however it was found that the undoped systems are antiferromagnetic and insulating(1,2). The antiferromagnetic insulating phase can be viewed either as an example of a Slater antiferromagnet or of a Mott-Hubbard insulator, which occurs whenever each ion is occupied by an integer number of electrons. When the systems are doped, an excess number of electrons or holes is introduced and the system becomes metallic and non-magnetic(3,4). In this note, we shall calculate the frequency dependent electrical conductivity, taking into account the effect of both charge and spin fluctuations(5,6), and compare the results with recent experiments(7–9).
A new type of hydrotest setup for filament-wound cases

A new type of hydrotest setup for the filamentwound cases was successfully developed. According to the thrust state of solid rocket motors, its piston diameter was designed, the aft closure used in the former test was replaced by the piston unloading device to decrease the load on the aft adapter. The axial displacement and deflection angle of the tested aft adapter were decreased by 15.6% and 42.1% respectively. The hydrotest setup has a simple structure. The travel is smooth and the dynamic seal between the piston and cylinder is good
The global impact of neonatal infection.

This article concerns the impact of neonatal infections on the less-developed countries of the world, reviewing the burden of disease, the proportion of neonatal mortality attributed to infection, medical and scientific aspects of infection, and strategies to reduce both the incidence of neonatal infection and morbidity and mortality in those who do become infected. The 1996 World Health Report highlights the global importance of infectious diseases, especially among young children, and stresses the impact of new or emerging diseases. Neonatal infections are old diseases. What is needed is a new recognition that they are important causes of morbidity and mortality and that simple interventions are available that can make a significant impact on reducing both the incidence of infection and death related to infection.
A cognitive theory of cultural meaning: Three further properties of culture

The durability of culture in the individual and its motivational force are not the only properties of culture to be accounted for. The historical durability of culture, its thematicity, and its sharedness, as well as the circumstances under which these properties do not hold, are the topics of this chapter. Some of the arguments and assumptions developed in the detailed discussion of the previous chapter have paved the way for discussion in this one. Historical durability Something else we recognize about culture is its historical durability – that it can be, and often is, reproduced from one generation to another. This is its third centripetal tendency. Yet, some cultural ideas stay around much, much longer than others, and some do not last even a generation. We next turn to this question of what gets reproduced in the next generation and how. We point out, in the next section, that historical durability results when the public world is recreated by enactment of the schemas each generation has learned; but also when one generation intentionally transmits its values to the next. We go on to describe how durability across generations is sometimes also promoted by people's deliberate efforts to preserve cherished practices; by the representation of heretofore private matters in public forms, which then preserve and propagate these understandings; or by the storage of cultural understandings in books and like repositories where they may lie dormant over long periods of time before being retrieved and accorded new life. The chapter then turns to circumstances under which, conversely, cultural understandings are unlikely to endure over time.
Risk of Relapse (REL) after Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation (UCBT) in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Marked Reduction in Recipients of Two Units.

Relapse remains a major obstacle that limits the success of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Therefore, we analyzed the outcome of patients with acute leukemia transplanted with myeloablative conditioning at a single institution who had a minimum follow-up of 1 year to determine if there were any unique risk factors associated with relapse after UCBT. 96 consecutive patients were evaluated, 39 were >18 years of age, 50 were male; 46 were CMV seropositive; 50 had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (11 CR1, 27 CR2, 9 CR3+, 4 relapse), and 46 had acute myeloid leukemia (11 CR1, 20 CR2, 3 CR3+, 11 relapse). Patients received two different conditioning regimens. Regimen A consisted of cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg, TBI 1320–1375 cGy, and ATG, followed by cyclosporine A (CSA)/methylprednisolone immunosuppression (n=53). Regimen B consisted of cyclophosphamide 120 mg/kg, fludarabine 75 mg/m 2 , TBI 1320–1375 cGy pre-transplant and CSA/mycophenolate mofetil immunosuppression (n=43). Patients received either one (n=67) or two (n=29) 4–6/6 HLA-matched UCB units, so that the total MNC count was >2.5 x 10 7 /kg. Accordingly, the demographics for recipients of one or two UCB units were similar except for older age (median age 24 yrs. [range 13–42] vs. 8 yrs. [range 1–52 yrs], p
Correlating surrogate endpoints with overall survival at the individual patient level in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma patients treated with vemurafenib.

e20020 Background: Surrogate endpoints are needed that correlate with overall survival (OS). We analyzed individual patient tumor data from a phase III trial of vemurafenib vs. dacarbazine (BRIM3) to identify criteria for tumor measures that correlated with OS. Correlates were validated using a separate data set from a phase II trial of vemurafenib (BRIM2). Methods: De-identified tumor measurements and OS data from BRIM3 and BRIM2 were analyzed. Target and non-target tumor measurement data were available from pretreatment, weeks 6 and 12, and every 9 weeks thereafter. In BRIM3, associations of OS with both early tumor response (first 16 weeks) and time to progression (TTP) were assessed using a normalized concordance probability estimate and Kendall’s tau derived from the Clayton copula, respectively. Different definitions of response and progression were explored. Findings were validated using BRIM2. Results: Thresholds of early response were explored ranging from any degree to 100% tumor shrinkage. Corr...
Bioavailability of Carbon Nanomaterial-Adsorbed Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Pimphales promelas: Influence of Adsorbate Molecular Size and Configuration.

Despite carbon nanomaterials’ (CNMs) potential to alter the bioavailability of adsorbed contaminants, information characterizing the relationship between adsorption behavior and bioavailability of CNM-adsorbed contaminants is still limited. To investigate the influence of CNM morphology and organic contaminant (OC) physicochemical properties on this relationship, adsorption isotherms were generated for a suite of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and exfoliated graphene (GN) in conjunction with determining the bioavailability of the adsorbed PAHs to Pimphales promelas using bile analysis via fluorescence spectroscopy. Although it appeared that GN adsorbed PAHs indiscriminately compared to MWCNTs, the subsequent bioavailability of GN-adsorbed PAHs was more sensitive to PAH morphology than MWCNTs. GN was effective at reducing bioavailability of linear PAHs by ∼70%, but had little impact on angular PAHs. MWCNTs were sensitive to molecular size, where bioavailabi...
Plant uptake of major and trace elements from soils amended with a high-calcium dry flue gas desulfurization by-product

Abstract Coal combustion by-products (CCBs) are a potentially valuable source of essential plant nutrients, but CCBs also frequently contain trace elements. The objective of this greenhouse study was to evaluate the effects of soil and application rate of a high-calcium (Ca) dry flue gas desulfurization (DFGD) by-product on Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) growth and plant tissue and soil composition. Surface horizons of two soils with contrasting texture were mixed with a high-Ca DFGD by-product at rates of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1. Bermudagrass was allowed to grow in the soils for 119 days. Concentrations of plant nutrients and selected trace elements were determined in soil and plant tissue. Plant dry matter and tissue concentrations of Ca, Mg, B, Se, Rb, and U increased as DFGD application rate increased. Concentrations of Mehlich-3-extractable soil P, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Fe, and B and strong-acid-extractable V and Hg increased with increasing application rate. Soil pH increased with application rate and electrical conductivity was only greater than that in the control at the 15 Mg ha−1 application rate after 119 days. The DFGD by-product used in this study can be beneficially reused as a soil amendment provided soil pH and plant tissue Se concentrations are closely monitored.
Recent advances in evaluating Green's functions for multi-layered media and half-space problems

Recent extensions in the computation of Green's functions for multi-layered media and half-space problems are reported. For anisotropic problems, a two-level asymptotic singularity extraction is combined with extended Sommerfeld-related identities and the weighted average approach to provide additional acceleration and smoothing of Sommerfeld integrals for efficient simplex interpolation. For lossy anisotropic media, the associated identities must be appropriately continued into the complex plane. For the special case of half-space problems, two novel approaches are examined. The first uses double exponential quadrature to integrate directly between known singularities rather than detouring contours around singularities before reaching the so-called Sommerfeld tail region where the weighted average method can be used. The second technique instead deforms the integration path into a quasi-steepest-descent path, and seems particularly useful for large transverse source and observation point separations.
Spinal Metastasis as Complication of Systemic Cancers

This chapter discusses the current natural history and techniques for management of metastatic spine tumors. We highlight the elements of the natural history, the imaging modalities for work-up and staging, and treatment. This treatment includes chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and the combination of each. The surgical options for diagnosis and treatment, current thoughts on extent of resection, as well as non-operative treatment options and the increasingly important role they play are discussed. It is our hope that this chapter gives an overview that can help educate and update healthcare providers of the evolving treatment of this disease. Metastatic tumors to the spine are a significant source of co-morbidity to patients already struggling with metastatic cancer. With thoughtful management both increased length of survival and improved quality of life can be achieved.
Implications of Wearables, Fitness Tracking Services, and Quantified Self on Healthcare:

Self-quantifying fitness tracking services and wearable devices have become more ubiquitous but still suffer from high abandonment rates. Wearable devices can monitor the physiological changes of t...
Acquired Cor Triatriatum Sinister After the Fontan Operation and Successful Resection in a Child

Cor triatriatum sinister is a rare congenital lesion encountered in children. It consists of a fibromuscular membrane that separates the left atrium into two chambers resulting in a triatrial heart and often occurs with other structural cardiac anomalies. The acquired form is uncommon and has only been reported after orthotopic heart transplantation or as a complication of infective endocarditis in adults. These cases were mostly because of hypertrophied atrial tissue or suture lines and torsion of the atrium. We describe the first case of acquired cor triatriatum late after the Fontan procedure with successful surgical resection in a child.
A user's guide to the ambiguous word 'epigenetics'.

The term 'epigenetics' has multiple interpretations, so we need to be clear which definition we are using, argues John Greally. The term 'epigenetics' is currently ambiguous, over-encompassing and uncoupled from its historical roots. This reflects interests and insights that have developed over time. In this Comment, I propose that we stop using the word in isolation, and be explicit about which definition we are using to avoid ambiguity in its scientific and public use.
Biomass Estimation Methods for Tropical Forests with Applications to Forest Inventory Data

Une strategie d'estimation de la biomasse totale au-dessus du sol a ete elaboree pour les forets tropicales. Des equations de regression de la biomasse d'arbres individuels ont ete etablies en fonction du diametre a hauteur de poitrine, de la hauteur totale, de la densite du bois et de la zone (humide, humide a seche, ou seche). Ces regressions ont ete appliquees a 5300 arbres provenant de 43 placettes et a 101 tables de peuplements etablies a partir d'inventaires forestiers dans 4 pays pour estimer la biomasse totale et commerciale par unite de surface et par type de foret, et le facteur d'expansion (biomasse/biomasse commerciale)
Vision Impairment Assessment and Assistive Technologies

Low vision refers to a condition of irreversible vision loss that is not correctable by conventional spectacles, contact lenses, surgery, or medicine. The ocular disease leads to a visual impairment that results in a functional limitation of the eye or visual system. This may include a reduction in detail vision (visual acuity), side vision (peripheral visual field), distorted or double vision, or a combination thereof. The consequence of this impairment may lead to a visual disability that prevents the person from performing specific tasks such as reading, driving, cooking, or watching television. Depending on the severity of the disability, the result may be a visual handicap that may lead to a loss of personal and/or socioeconomic independence. Much work has been done in an attempt to classify the interaction of visual impairment, disability, and handicap in an effort to characterize the impact of low-vision rehabilitation (LVR) as a treatment modality [1, 2]. LVR embraces an inter-disciplinary approach to ameliorating the handicap and maximizing quality of life for the partially sighted [3]. Eligibility for services for the elderly for LVR often depends on categorizing the level of visual impairment, specifically whether a person is “legally blind” or “visually impaired.” The Social Security Administration defines “legal blindness” as best corrected visual acuity in the better seeing eye that is 20/200 or worse. Alternatively, it may be characterized by a visual field less than 20◦ in diameter in the eye with the larger remaining field [4]. Visual impairment describes vision that does not meet the criteria for legal blindness but may still result in a visual disability or handicap. These are codified in the “International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification” (ICD-9-CM), Sixth Edition, based on the combination of vision (visual acuity and/or visual field) in each eye. The ICD-9 codes are essential for documentation and billing for rehabilitative services (Table 6.1).
Stimulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate accumulation causes breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier

Pigmented rabbits were given an intravitreous injection of 0.1 ml of various concentrations of test drug, and vitreous fluorophotometry was done 6 and 24 hr after injection. Dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP caused reversible intravitreous fluorescein leakage only at relatively high concentrations. Adrenergic agents that are effective stimulators of adenylate cyclase (epinephrine, isoproterenol, and norepinephrine) caused transient intravitreous fluorescein leakage (2.3-3.1-fold above baseline) that was significantly greater than that caused by phenylephrine (1.1-fold above baseline), an adrenergic agent that is a poor stimulator of adenylate cyclase. Prostaglandins E1 and E2, which are good stimulators of adenylate cyclase, caused striking disruption of the blood-ocular barriers, and prostaglandins that are not good stimulators of adenylate cyclase had little or no effect on these barriers. The magnitude of the prostaglandin E1 effect (9.3-fold above baseline) was similar to that of N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), the most potent adenosine agonist, and was greater than one would predict based on its effect on adenylate cyclase in vitro. Prostaglandin E1, like NECA, also caused retinal vasodilation and hemorrhages. These data suggest that stimulation of intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation may be a common feature of mediators that cause breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier, but there may be another as yet unexplained feature shared by PGE1 and NECA that makes them particularly effective and capable of causing retinal vasodilation and hemorrhages.
Training Overcomes Reasoning Schema Effects and Promotes Transfer

Participants underwent different kinds of training on the permission type of Wason’s Four-Card problem to determine whether transfer of general solution principles would occur to the arbitrary type of Wason’s Four-Card problem. There were four training conditions: (a) practice, (b) practice with feedback, (c) problem comparison only, and (d) problem comparison with feedback. Those participants who performed problem comparison on permission problems during practice solved more arbitrary problems during testing than did those participants who did not perform problem comparison. These findings suggest that through problem comparison participants learned how to apply general rules of logic from practice.
Sociobiology and Human Culture

Adopting a view of macroevolution according to descriptive punctualism, this paper shows that it is possible to use developmental evidence to provide a tentative account of the evolution of human culture. Stages of language development in the human infant illustrate possible communicative strategies employed by ancestral species leading to the development of language in Homo erectus. It is only with this latter accomplishment that we can speak of the transmission of cultural information, a realm that requires its own ontological status.
Chapter 4 – Mid-Holocene climate and cultural dynamics in Brazil and the Guianas

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the climatic and cultural dynamics in the Brazilian and Guyana and Surinam (Guianas) regions. Paleoclimatological evidence indicates that both Amazonia and the Brazilian coast were cooler and drier prior to ca. 7000 14C yr BP. In both regions, the forest was substantially reduced and the predominant vegetation was grass and shrubs as a result of climatic changes. These ameliorations permitted larger and more sedentary communities, but inherent limitations to intensive agriculture and dependence on wild protein sources placed a ceiling on population concentration throughout the lowlands. This study summarizes the evidence for paleoclimatological fluctuations and prehistoric cultural changes since ca. 13,000 14C yr BP (uncal.) separately for the Coastal Strip and the Amazon Basin. Both the climatological and cultural data indicate that these now distinct regions experienced long- and short-term environmental fluctuations during and since the Pleistocene that favored the emergence and perpetuation of similar general cultural configurations. The achievement of Holocene climatic conditions and stabilization of sea level ca. 5000 14C yr BP had major environmental consequences. It created an ecological barrier between Amazonia and the Coastal Strip and divided each region into a narrow aquatic zone and a large hinterland. Finally, it suggests that in contrast to other parts of the planet, Holocene climatic changes did not significantly improve the opportunities for agricultural intensification and associated cultural development.
Value of germline multi-gene panel next generation sequencing (NGS) in identification of hereditary cancer syndromes (HCS) in colorectal cancer population (CRC).

1587Background: Identification of HCS in probands (PB) provides a mechanism for cancer screening and prevention in 1st degree relatives (FDR). Lynch syndrome (LS) is the most common HCS in CRC. How...
Experimental investigation of the impact of geometrical surface modification on spray cooling heat transfer performance in the non-boiling regime

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to study the impact of geometrical surface modification on the thermal performance of a spray cooling system. All experiments were performed using a closed loop spray cooling system. Deionized water was used as the working fluid. Three different modified surfaces were examined and compared with a plain copper surface under the same operating conditions. The first surface (M1) was modified with four circular grooves each having a width and depth of 0.5 mm and a pitch of 1.5 mm. The second and third surfaces (M2) and (M3) were modified with four circular grooves each overlaid with four and eight radial grooves, respectively. Each radial groove had width and depth of 0.5 mm. All surfaces were tested at three nozzle differential pressures: 80 kPa, 140 kPa, and 185 kPa. The nozzle-to-surface distance, coolant inlet temperature, surface temperature, and chamber pressure were maintained at 10 mm, ∼22 °C,
"Those crazy knight-errants": ideals and delusions in Arthur Conan Doyle's portrait of a fourteenth century knight

In The White Company (1891) and Sir Nigel (1906), Arthur Conan Doyle reconstructed the fourteenth century and explored the culture and visions of chivalry. He created many different knights with the intention of dissecting the mind and conduct of this historical type. He was concerned with his human as well as his romantic aspect, and he addressed the conflicts the divergent obligations of external duty and personal aspirations caused. Doyle’s reflections focused on the dreadful and illusory game played by knights like Sir Nigel Loring, the most curious and significant representative of idealistic and delusional chivalry in his medieval fiction. His youth and adult age show the tensions between the two worlds whose paths he must tread. His life is a long struggle for virtue and honour, oscillating between the responsibilities of a nobleman in the days of Edward III and the Hundred Years War and the pursuit of chivalry.
Identification With All Humanity, Support for Refugees and for Extreme Counter-Terrorism Measures

Two studies examined the ability of Identification with all Humanity to predict attitudes in the United States regarding support for refugees and tolerance for civilian casualties in the war on terrorism. We expected identification with humanity to predict more support for refugees and less tolerance of civilian casualties in the war on terrorism. Moreover, we expected these effects to hold even when taking into account more frequently studied predictors of intergroup attitudes. In Study 1, 202 people (143 women, Age M = 26.62) completed an online survey, assessing Identification with all Humanity, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, political orientation, and religiosity. In Study 2, the same measures were administered in person to a sample of 126 university students (91 women, Age M = 18.92). Identification with all Humanity was associated with more support for refugees in both studies and less support for extreme counter-terrorism measures in Study 1, even when controlling for other variables.
Learning from Others and Spreading the Word

The tenants form a tenants’ union and join with tenants in the Financial District, South of Market, Tenderloin and Western Addition to fight the SFRDA. Meetings and self-help from legal aid to food distribution build a city-wide organization that results in the Community Congress. Tactics include mass defense of homes slated for eviction, mass demonstrations are organized at SFRDA meetings, SF Planning Commission Meetings and SF Supervisors’ meetings.
Autonomy and weak governments: challenges to university quality in Latin America

Applying grounded theory to 33 expert interviews about the underperformance of higher education in Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Mexico, this study indicated that the historical tradition of autonomy has fostered weak government control, revealing a host of issues common across these countries in their higher education system. This study complicates the overall hegemonic discourse around academic capitalism departing from strictly neoliberal approaches favoring markets and deregulation for global competition. Instead, participants, who are influential leaders in the sector, favor government intervention that protects university autonomy in order to boost the performance of higher education, not for global competition, but for national development.
A Metamaterial-Inspired Structure for Simultaneous Vibration Attenuation and Energy Harvesting

In this article, a magnetomechanical metamaterial structure capable of simultaneous vibration attenuation and energy harvesting is presented. The structure consists of periodically arranged local resonators combining cantilever beams and permanent magnet-coil systems. A prototype of the metamaterial dual-function structure is fabricated, and models are developed. Results show good agreement between model simulation and experiment. Two frequency bandgaps are measured: 205–257 Hz and 587–639 Hz. Within these bandgaps, vibrations are completely attenuated. The level of vibration attenuation in the first bandgap is substantially larger than the level of vibration attenuation observed in the second bandgap. Mode shapes suggest that bending deformations experienced by the local resonators in the second bandgap are less than the deformations experienced in the first bandgap, and most vibrational energy is localized within the first bandgap where the fundamental resonant frequency is located, i.e., 224 Hz. The ability of the fabricated metamaterial structure to harvest electric power in these bandgaps is examined. Results show that vibration attenuation and energy harvesting characteristics of the metamaterial structure are coupled. Stronger vibration attenuation within the first bandgap has led to enhanced energy harvesting capabilities within this bandgap. Power measurements at optimum load resistance of 15 Ω reveal that maximum power generated within the first bandgap reaches 5.2 µW at 245 Hz. Compared with state-of-the-art, the metamaterial structure presented here shows a significant improvement in electric power generation, at considerably lower load resistance, while maintaining the ability to attenuate undesired vibrations within the frequency bandgap.
Abstract C135: Notch as an immunologic basis of cancer disparity

Identification of the host immune factors that influence naturally occurring lymphocyte responses is an important prerequisite to successfully design a successful immunotherapeutic modality. Lymphocytes, such as T-cells and NK cells differ significantly in their ability to mediate antitumor responses depending on the genetic and immunophenotypic constitution of the individuals. The major histocompatibility and the leukocyte receptor complexes are the two most polymorphic regions of the human immune genome. Individuals with increasingly diverse repertoires of MHC class-I molecules have a greater potential for their polyclonal T cells and natural killer (NK) cells to be responsive. Our work suggested that lymphocyte repertoire varies with host backgrounds and that tumor antigen-reactive activated CD8+T cells could enhance intratumoral NK cell function. Furthermore, our data indicate that by modulating the expression of hematopoietic and dendritic cell (DC) Notch ligands, tumors negatively direct lymphocyte differentiation away from their effector phenotype. In human lung tumor infiltrates, we noted a significant correlation between Notch ligand Jag1 or Jag2-expressing dendritic cells with the programmed cell death protein PD-1-expressing CD8+T-effector-memory cells (p = 0.0005). PD-1 expression in T-cells signifies their exhaustion, thus diminishing their survival and antitumor function. These differences in Notch components could underlie poor prognosis in African-Americans (AA). In the clinical trial NCT00774176, the expression of mastermind-like protein-1 that affects Notch-dependent angiogenesis correlated with COPD exacerbation in AA. Also, Notch2 N-terminal-like protein (N2N) was upregulated in various carcinomas as per the TCGA database, with increased N2N expression in AA relative to Caucasians (p = 0.0037). N2N represses the transcriptional activities of Notch2 and Notch1 intracellular domains, which we showed are important for antitumor T-cell function and memory. The comparative analysis of Caucasians and AA lung cancer patient tumor samples show appreciable ethnicity-specific differences in T-cell Notch parameters. Correspondingly, disparities in the expression of Notch components in ethnic minorities can affect antitumor lymphocyte immunity and impact cancer relapse. Citation Format: Anil Shanker, Pierre P Massion, David P Carbone, Mikhail M Dikov. Notch as an immunologic basis of cancer disparity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C135.
Dealing With the Unthinkable: Bladder and Colorectal Cancer Patients' and Informal Caregivers' Unmet Needs and Challenges in Life After Ostomies.

ABSTRACT Objectives We examined patient and informal caregiver unmet needs to identify areas for targeted supportive care interventions and programs to enhance both patient and informal caregiver experience. Data Sources A total of 30 patients who underwent ostomy surgeries for bladder or colorectal cancers and 13 informal caregivers participated in the study. Patients were enrolled at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai between 2017 and 2018. Qualitative data were collected by individual interviews, audiotaped, and transcribed verbatim. Transcribed data were iteratively analyzed using Atlas.ti to explore patient and caregiver unmet needs. Results Patients and informal caregivers reported having insufficient psychological preparation for ostomy surgeries, and very limited hands-on training on stoma care and utility of stomal appliances. Unmet psychological needs related to depression, anxiety, and distress caused by changes in body image and sexual, urinary, and bowel function were reported. Patients and caregivers also reported significant patient medical needs in the acute postoperative period including pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, inflammation, and complications resulting in hospital readmissions. Colorectal cancer patients specifically experienced significant challenges with changes in diet and nutrition that contributed to ostomy care burden. Both patients and caregivers recommended seeking psychological and social support to enhance both patient and caregiver emotional adjustment to life after ostomies. Conclusion Meeting patient and informal caregiver unmet informational and supportive care needs is imperative to improve their quality of life and adjustment. Implications for Nursing Practice An effective supportive care plan should be designed and utilized in clinical care to improve ostomy patients’ and caregivers’ outcomes.
Charged Residues Flanking the Transmembrane Domain of Two Related Toxin-Antitoxin System Toxins Affect Host Response

A majority of toxins produced by type I toxin-antitoxin (TA-1) systems are small membrane-localized proteins that were initially proposed to kill cells by forming non-specific pores in the cytoplasmic membrane. The examination of the effects of numerous TA-1 systems indicates that this is not the mechanism of action of many of these proteins. Enterococcus faecalis produces two toxins of the Fst/Ldr family, one encoded on pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids (FstpAD1) and the other on the chromosome, FstEF0409. Previous results demonstrated that overexpression of the toxins produced a differential transcriptomic response in E. faecalis cells. In this report, we identify the specific amino acid differences between the two toxins responsible for the differential response of a gene highly induced by FstpAD1 but not FstEF0409. In addition, we demonstrate that a transporter protein that is genetically linked to the chromosomal version of the TA-1 system functions to limit the toxicity of the protein.
A Global Educational Experience between Geography and Nursing: Interdisciplinarity and Sustainability

As the world becomes increasingly more interconnected and interdependent, it is critical that academic institutions continue to build opportunities to prepare students to become global citizens. It...
SU‐E‐T‐164: Characterization of Breast Deformation During Accuboost TM Treatment

Purpose: During treatment using AccuboostTM (Advanced Radiation Therapy, Tyngsboro, MA) applicators the breast is compressed between two paddles in order to immobilize it. This causes the breast tissue to expand. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature of this deformation. Methods: CT scans of a breast phantom (Computerized Imaging Reference Systems, Norfolk, VA) were acquired at different compressions in the cranial-caudal (CC) direction. These were performed by placing the phantom between two plates whose position is controlled by a manual crank. The phantom masses were contoured in order to simulate the clips placed after surgery. For all scans the mean distance between the masses was computed. Additionally, deformable registration was performed between two scans using the Velocity software (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) to assess the shifts of each of these masses. Results: As the compression increases so does the average distance between the masses. The relationship between deformation and compression is not linear. Additionally, the largest displacements are in the direction of compression. The mean shift is 1.8mm. The shifts in the RT-LT direction and ANT-POST direction are 1.1 mm and 0.7 mm respectively Conclusion: When treating patients the clips shift their position as a Result of the plate compression. For CC compressions this is not a problem if they shift their position primarily in the superior-inferior direction. The problem of not being able to cover all clips (target area) can arise when they shift position on a plane perpendicular to the patient. For clips which are already near the chest wall, care should be exercised not to compress the breast in such a way as to move those clips out of the treatable area.These preliminary results show a larger shift in the RT-LT direction than the ANT-POST one. Further research will seek to either confirm or infirm this.
Density and binding energy of α1 and α3 electrons inside electron-hole droplets

Abstract We have measured the density and binding energy of α 1 and α 3 electrons inside electron-hole droplets in germanium stressed from 6 to 9 kg/mm 2 in the 〈111〉 direction. The decrease in density with increasing stress is due to narrowing of the valence band. The difference in the binding energies of α 1 and α 3 electrons is from their different average kinetic energies.