cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A probabilistic robustness result for a multilinearly parameterized H/sub /spl infin// norm

The main result in the paper addresses probabilistic robustness for a multilinearly parameterized H/sub /spl infin// norm involving uncertain parameters. For the prescribed class of admissible probability density functions /spl Fscr/ for the uncertain parameters, the main result is as follows: All moments of the random H/sub /spl infin// norm are maximized over f /spl epsiv/ /spl Fscr/ by taking f to be the uniform distribution.
Hyperfine Structure of Tritium in the Ground State

The hyperfine splitting of tritium in the l 2S/sub 1/2 state was measured by the atomic beam method. It was found that DELTA nu (T) = 1516.70170(7) x 10/sup 6/ sec/sup -1/, where the number in parentheses indicates the uncertainty in the last quoted figure. Within the precision of the presently available value of the ratio of the magnetic moment of the triton and the proton, there is no experimental evidence of a hyperfine structure anomaly between tritium and hydrogen. (auth)
Spacecraft Formation Flight About Libration Points Using Impulsive Maneuvering

As more advanced spacecraft operational capabilities are required to accomplish innovative scientific missions, a shift to the incorporation of distributed space systems is underway.One area of current focus is the relative dynamics of a formation of spacecraft orbiting a libration point. One interesting and current challenge in this research area is maintaining formation control during both passive and active modes of operation, with different modes requiring different levels of accuracy. The research described in this paper focuses on the development and analysis of discrete maneuvering techniques using differential correction methods for maintaining a two satellite formation within required error tolerances for a given operational mode. In particular, formation sizes and control tolerances are sought for which impulsive maneuvering becomes a practical option.
Private and public choices in public education: An investigation of trustee effects

The paper applies the concepts of the horizon problem, agency costs, monitoring, and special interest incentives to trustee management of public schools and higher education. We examine whether South Carolina's 1984 Education Improvement Act, a major restructuring of educational organization and spending in South Carolina, is related to the ratio of pupils in private versus public schools. We employ 30 years of county level data in South Carolina, and we uncover several things. There is no statistically credible relation between public school expenditures per pupil and the private school/public school enrollment ratio. However, we do find that the directed changes in rules, organizational structure, and incentives mandated by the 1984 Educational Improvement Act are associated with a reduction in the relative number of children attending private school. We interpret this to mean that the features of the law requiring better accountability and the like were perceived by parents to make for better education while the increased money spent was only a transfer to teachers or some other groups; we find that organization matters more than money.
Perspectives of African Americans and dentists concerning dentist–patient communication on oral cancer screening

Abstract Objective Mortality rates for oral cancer have not improved appreciably in decades, with Blacks less likely than others to survive 5-years post-treatment. Oral cancer is the fifth most common cancer among African American males, representing a pressing public health concern. This study compared how dentists and African American adults view the current state of dentist–patient communication regarding oral cancer and its detection. Methods Five focus groups with 56 African American adults and two focus groups with 17 dentists were conducted in order to compare responses regarding oral cancer information needs and dentist–patient communication on oral cancer screening. Results African American adults showed little knowledge about oral cancer and cancer screening, and great need for information. However, dentists reported rarely engaging in information exchange with their patients even while performing the examination. Conclusion African Americans’ request for screening information and dentists’ reticence about performing the screening and initiating communication with patients indicate a need for both public education on oral cancer and improved continuing education courses for dentists. Practice implications The dental care community should develop clear guidelines for communicating with patients about oral cancer and engage in continuing education on oral cancer screening procedure. Increased public health efforts aimed at increasing oral cancer awareness and knowledge among the public are warranted.
Fine Structure of the Filamentous Ascomycete Monosporium apiospermum

A study was made of the fine structure of M. apiospernnmi, the imperfect form of Allescheria boydii. The hyphae, either coeneoytic or discretely cellular demonstrated those organelles previosly described from plant and animal cells. The primitive configuration of the reticular system-golgi complex was noted and its possible role in enzyme storage characterized. In addition, there were described from the cytoplasmic matrix many electron dense bodies composed of repeating subunits. Questions were presented as to the role of these bodies and golgi “secretions” in the proteolytic activity of this fungus form.
The Impact of Race and Inclusionary Status on Memory for Ingroup and Outgroup Faces

We explore how rejection by racial ingroup or outgroup members influences the Other Race Effect (ORE; the tendency to have better memory for same-race [SR] relative to other-race [OR] faces). White and Black participants were rejected or accepted by two racial ingroup or outgroup members during an online game. Participants then completed a face recognition task assessing SR and OR targets. Those playing with ingroup members showed the classic ORE. However, inclusion by outgroup members led to the ORE, while exclusion by outgroup members eliminated this effect by increasing outgroup face memory. We discuss future work on exclusion and the ORE.
Consistent estimation of location region

Asymmetric multivariate probability distributions can be difficult to characterize in terms of their location. The works of Doksum (1975, Scand. J. Statist., 2, 11–22) and Blough (1985, Ann. Inst. Statist. Math., 37, 545–555) provide the construction of a location region for a given distribution. Any point in this closed, convex region will serve as a location parameter. It is the purpose of this paper to obtain a consistent estimator of the location region. Consistency is defined in terms of an appropriate pseudometric.
On isohydric solutions and buffer pH

A general derivation is given for the isohydric theory of Arrhenius, and its consequences for some aspects of buffer pH are considered.
Capillary scale light emitting diode based multi-reflection absorbance detector.

Abstract We describe a light emitting diode (LED) based multi-reflection capillary scale absorbance detector based on both square and round capillaries and compare their performance with a conventional single-pass on-tube detector. The optical path length is extended by silver coating, the external surface of the capillary. The reflective geometry has been reported to be less prone to artifacts induced by refractive index changes; we do find this to be true. Although the detection volume/illuminated volume is increased some, a multi-reflection cell based on a 180 μm bore capillary with a ∼2-cm long illuminated volume shows over a 50-fold gain in signal-to-noise (S/N) compared to a single-pass on-tube configuration with the same capillary. The limit of detection (LOD) is 4.4 fmol (2.6 pg, 1 μL of 22.0 nM injected dye) BTB under pulseless (pneumatic) flow conditions. The cells behave as multipath devices where the effective path lengths are greater at low absorbance values. In our experiments, where non-coherent light is launched through optical fibers that are large compared to capillary bore dimensions, increase in the effective path length of the cell do not occur in a predictable fashion with the angle of incidence of the light beam. Although the effective path length almost linearly increases with increasing distance between the light entry and exit windows, the absolute values of the effective path lengths are always lower than this physical distance, suggesting that after some passage through the solution, light largely travels through or along the glass wall. Square capillaries have better light transmission and offer some performance advantages. Multi-reflection cells can indeed be of value for sensitive detection in microflow systems.
Concurrent Implementations Of Matrix Eigenvalue Decomposition Based On Isospectral Flows

In this paper we evaluate several techniques for solving the symmetric tridiagonal problem based on the method of isospectral flow. Architectures which result from these considerations are discussed. Their advantages and disadvantages from the viewpoints of numerical accuracy and ease of implementation in VLSI are also investigated.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Production of Specific Antibody by Lymphocytes of the Bursa of Fabricius

Lymphocytes in the bursa of chickens have been found to produce hemolytic antibodies to sheep erythrocytes that are introduced into the cloaca. These lymphocytes also react with Escherichia coli and form bacterial adherent colonies, but not with gamma streptococci to which they have not been previously exposed. Thymic and splenic lymphocytes do not bind either organism.
Differences in Specificity of the Antigenic Products of a Series of Alleles in the Chicken.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate further the inheritance of the agglutinability of chicken erythrocytes with normal bovine serum and to determine the genetic relationships of such agglutinogens with those then known to exist in the chicken (BRILES, MCGIBBON and IRWIN 1950). MATERIALS AND METHODS The,chickens used in this study were from a group maintained by the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station for the study of cellular antigens. They were second and third generation crosses of birds derived from Rhode Island Reds, Single Comb White Leghorns and Barred Plymouth Rocks. Blood was taken from the chickens by making a small cut in a wing vein and allowing the blood to run into tubes containing an isotonic solution of sodium citrate (2.00 percent) and sodium chloride (0.42 percent). The cells were washed three times with saline solution (0.75 percent sodium chloride) before they were tested. The bovine sera were obtained from blood taken from the jugular vein. These sera and the chicken isoimmune reagents employed in this study were stored at - 18 to - 23°C. The normal bovine sera were inactivated for 20 minutes at 56°C in a water bath before they were used in testing cells for agglutination. Three different bovine sera were tested in serial dilutions (1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 4, 1 : 8, etc.) against erythrocytes of the various chickens. It was found that the sera were alike
CROSS-IDIOTYPIC SPECIFICITY AMONG MONOCLONAL IGM PROTEINS WITH ANTI-γ-GLOBULIN ACTIVITY

Through the use of absorbed idiotypic antisera prepared against single isolated monoclonal IgM anti-γ-globulins, partial cross-idiotypic specificity was demonstrated with other IgM anti-γ-globulins. Such antisera classified these proteins into at least three groups. The major group which included 60% of the anti-γ-globulins was particularly homogeneous. The anti-γ-globulin specific antigens were detected best in hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition systems. They were not found in monoclonal IgM proteins that lacked anti-γ-globulin activity although related antigens were detected at low concentrations in pooled immunoglobulin preparations as well as in heterogeneous anti-Rh antibodies. Several lines of evidence were obtained indicating that the antibody combining site was involved in the specific determinants. Attempts were made to analyze the fine specificity of each anti-γ-globulin for the Fc fragment of different subclasses of human immunoglobulins as well as those of other species. Differences were observed but these were not readily related to the cross-specificity antigens. The anti-γ-globulin specific antigens were very analogous to those previously described for monoclonal IgM cold agglutinins. Although each protein could be distinguished from all the others on the basis of individual idiotypic antigens, the antigens common to the specific groups of proteins with each of these activities were prominent and readily detected with multiple antisera. The results indicate basic similarities between proteins of a given activity even in unrelated individuals.
Early Thymocyte Development Is Regulated by Modulation of E2a Protein Activity

The E2A gene encodes the E47 and E12 basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. T cell development in E2A-deficient mice is partially arrested before lineage commitment. Here we demonstrate that E47 expression becomes uniformly high at the point at which thymocytes begin to commit towards the T cell lineage. E47 protein levels remain high until the double positive developmental stage, at which point they drop to relatively moderate levels, and are further downregulated upon transition to the single positive stage. However, stimuli that mimic pre-T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in committed T cell precursors inhibit E47 DNA-binding activity and induce the bHLH inhibitor Id3 through a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase–dependent pathway. Consistent with these observations, a deficiency in E2A proteins completely abrogates the developmental block observed in mice with defects in TCR rearrangement. Thus E2A proteins are necessary for both initiating T cell differentiation and inhibiting development in the absence of pre-TCR expression. Mechanistically, these data link pre-TCR mediated signaling and E2A downstream target genes into a common pathway.
Hospital Magnet Status, Unit Work Environment, and Pressure Ulcers.

Purpose To identify how organizational nursing factors at different structural levels (i.e., unit-level work environment and hospital Magnet status) are associated with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in U.S. acute care hospitals. Design A cross-sectional observational study used data from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators®. Responses from 33,845 registered nurses (RNs) were used to measure unit work environments. The unit of analysis was the nursing unit, and there were 1,381 units in 373 hospitals in the United States. Methods Unit work environment was measured by the Practice Environment Scale of Nurse Working Index (PES-NWI). Multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate the effects of unit work environment and hospital Magnet status on HAPUs. All models were controlled for hospital and unit characteristics when considering clustering of units within hospitals. Results Magnet hospital units had 21% lower odds of having an HAPU than non-Magnet hospital units (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64–0.98). With one unit increase of the PES-NWI score, units had 29% lower odds of having an HAPU (95% CI, 0.55-0.91). When including both hospital Magnet status and unit work environment in the model, hospital Magnet status no longer had a significant effect on HAPUs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.66–1.02), whereas the significant effect of unit work environment persisted (OR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56–0.93). Conclusions Both hospital and unit environments were significantly associated with HAPUs, and the unit-level work environment can be more influential in reducing HAPUs. Clinical Relevance Investment in the nurse work environments at both the hospital level and unit level has the potential to reduce HAPUs; and additional to hospital-level initiatives (e.g., Magnet recognition program), efforts targeting on-unit work environments deserve more attention.
(De)Constructing (In)Visible Parent/Guardian Consent Forms: Negotiating Power, Reflexivity, and the Collective Within Qualitative Research

This article focuses on the role of collective reflexivity within a year-long ethnographic study examining Black and Latino/Latina urban youth’s negotiations of college going in and out of school c...
Drosophila CG8422 encodes a functional diuretic hormone receptor.

SUMMARY Diuretic hormone 44 (DH) is a bioactive neuropeptide that mediates osmotic balance in a wide variety of insects through increases in cAMP. It is structurally similar to mammalian corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) peptides. In the moth Manduca and the cricket Acheta, functional studies have shown that its cognate receptor (DH-R) is related to the mammalian CRF receptor. The Drosophila genome contains two genes (CG8422 and CG12370) orthologous to Manduca and Acheta DH-Rs. Here, we present multiple lines of evidence to support the hypothesis that the orphan CG8422 G-protein-coupled receptor is a functional DH-R. When expressed in mammalian cells, CG8422 conferred selective sensitivity to DH, as indicated by translocation of aβ -arrestin-2-GFP reporter from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Consistent with its in vivo activities in other insects, DH activation of CG8422 elicited increases in a cAMP reporter system (CRE-luciferase), with an EC50 of 1.7 nmol l-1. CG8422 activation by DH also led to increases in intracellular calcium but at substantially higher doses (EC50 ∼300 nmol l-1). By microarray analysis, the CG8422 transcript was detectable in Drosophila head mRNA of different genotypes and under different environmental conditions. The identification of a Drosophila receptor for the DH neuropeptide provides a basis for genetic analysis of this critical factor9s roles in maintaining physiological homeostasis.
Community-based forestry and timber certification in Southeast Bolivia

Initiatives promoting community forestry in South America have significantly increased over the past decade. Many of these efforts have concentrated on indigenous lands where a large proportion of commercially valuable forests are located. One such project, among the Chiquitano Indians of Lomerio in southeast Bolivia, is examined here. Interviews with Chiquitano leaders, NGO and development organisation workers, and forest and sawmill workers, as well as ethnographic research in Chiquitano communities, are used to describe problems faced by the project in establishing forest management activities, organizing labour, administration, paying wages and distributing benefits. The author argues that many of the problems that the Lomerio project is experiencing can be traced to fundamental conflicts between Chiquitano culture and the values that necessarily accompany market-based development efforts such as community forestry. The research suggests that the key to success in Lomerio will lie in moulding the organisation of the project in ways that reflect Chiquitano patterns of work and production, and reconciling the demands of market economics with the values of reciprocation that permeate life in Chiquitano communities.
Selected endocrine test strategies

In the ordinary course of clinical practice, the use of laboratory tests is mostly confined to integrating routine test panel results (eg, the complete blood count, urinalysis, chemistry panels, and so forth) with clinical information. Less commonly, sequential test strategies are required to solve more difficult clinical problems. Those problems most amenable to defined test strategies tend to be heavily test dependent (eg, thyroid dysfunction). Also, management in these cases is often more problem-dependent than patientdependent, making prescriptions of a general nature more acceptable [1]. Although experts in various disciplines may agree on the general outline of test strategies, there may still be differences of opinion with respect to specifics. The examples chosen for inclusion in this article include common problems and those reflecting advances made in recent years. Some of the test strategies presented (eg, for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction screening) are those recommended by authoritative national groups [2,3]. Others (eg, hypoglycemia, Cushing’s syndrome, and primary aldosteronism) represent a composite of expert opinion.
Cluster Mesh Based Multicast Routing in MANET: An Analytical Study

Multicast streams are the most popular traffic pattern in many applications of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). However, the mobility of nodes causes frequent changes to the network topology and thus efficient routing of multicast traffic becomes very challenging. The establishment of a core-mesh has been deemed as a very effective solution for these dynamic setups. The core-mesh acts as a backbone in order to avoid frequent route discovery. However maintaining the core-mesh imposes significant overhead that dominates the performance for large networks. This paper advocates a novel methodology that combines network clustering and mesh-based multicast routing. The Cluster-Mesh based Multicast Routing (CMMR) methodology forms a backbone using cluster-heads. This makes the backbone more stable against frequent node mobility and enables scalability by limiting the scope of the core maintenance. The paper mainly captures the performance advantage of CMMR over contemporary node-based core-mesh strategies. A mathematical model is developed to analyze the average performance of one of the contemporary core-mesh routing schemes and an implementation of the CMMR methodology using the same mesh formation algorithm. The numerical results demonstrate the advantage of CMMR.
The Carbuncle CFD Problem

A key problem that has remained unsolved for the past quarter century is presently compromising the accuracy of heat transfer predictions made by numerical simulations of hypersonic flow. This numerical difficulty is called the carbuncle problem, a local unpleasant displacement of the bow shock wave shape. It is most prominent within the blunt nose region of an aerodynamic vehicle. Most efforts to remedy this problem concern the numerical treatment of the bow shock wave, both the algorithm calculating the Rankine-Hogoniot jump across the shock wave and the alignment of the computational mesh with the bow shock wave location. Though these efforts have improved simulation accuracy, none have yet removed the problem. The fundamental requirement of any numerical procedure is that it has sufficient numerical dissipation to control error growth. All methods contain it and an unintended consequence is its contribution to the carbuncle problem. This paper will analyze solution algorithm procedures, in particular their inherent numerical dissipation, to determine the cause of and possible remedies for the carbuncle problem.
Exercise-Generated Heat Contributes to Thermoregulation by Gambel's Quail in the Cold

Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the allocation of exercise-generated heat and resting metabolic heat production during cold exposure. We tested the hypothesis that, during cold exposure, exercise-generated heat contributes to the fulfillment of the thermostatic requirement. Our assumption was that the thermostatic requirement is higher for exercising than for resting birds in still air because of the disruption of boundary and plumage insulation layers. We predicted that, during moderate exercise, the metabolic heat production of exercising birds would be higher than that for resting birds in still air but would not differ significantly from the metabolic heat generated by resting birds exposed to similar convective conditions. To test our hypothesis we measured whole-animal oxygen consumption of Gambel's quail (Callipepla gambelii Gambel) running in a circular metabolic chamber and at rest in still air at ambient temperatures below the animal's lower critical temperature. We compared these data to previous data for Gambel's quail at rest exposed to wind at a speed equal to the running speed used in our experiments. In addition to oxygen consumption measurements, we measured body temperatures of exercising and resting birds. The data supported our assumption and predictions. (1) Whole-body thermal resistance for exercising birds was lower than that for resting birds in still air, indicating that the thermostatic requirement was higher for exercising birds because of the disruption of boundary and plumage insulation layers. (2) Heat productions of exercising birds were significantly higher than those of resting birds in still air but were not significantly different from the heat productions of resting birds exposed to similar convective conditions. (3) Body temperatures were not significantly different between resting birds in still air and exercising birds. The mean body temperature of exercising birds, however, was 2°C higher than that of resting birds exposed to wind. We concluded that an exercising animal probably does not incur an energetic cost associated with locomotor activity at low ambient temperatures in comparison to an inactive animal exposed to a similar convective regime.
ATRIAL CONTRIBUTION TO CARDIAC OUTPUT IN COMPLETE HEART BLOCK.

Abstract Cardiac output studies were performed in 6 patients with complete heart block during four kinds of ventricular rhythm. These include ventricular or His-bundle pacing at the control rate, right ventricular outflow tract catheter electrode pacing, and both synchronous and atrial synchronous pacing by means of a Cordis Synchrocor unit. The latter two rhythms are defined as those with P wave, ventricular stimulus and QRS complex sequences, and atrial stimulus, P wave, ventricular stimulus and QRS complex sequences, respectively. Thirty-four paired observations were made during equal atrial and ventricular pacing rates in these patients. The importance of atrial systole for maintenance of cardiac output is clearly demonstrated by these data.
Real-time driving behavior identification based on driver-in-the-loop vehicle dynamics and control

This paper studies to characterize driver driving behavior or driver control structure in real time. The three proposed methods use some of the signals such as the driver actuation measurements, the relative ranges between a leading and a following vehicle during a car-following maneuver, and the vehicle dynamic responses such as the vehicle's longitudinal acceleration and deceleration. All the used signals exist in various electronic control systems. Vehicle tests were conducted on a test vehicle to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in identifying aggressive and cautious driving behaviors.
Practice parameter: Evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review) Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Mission statement. The Quality Standards Subcommittee (QSS) of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) is charged with developing practice parameters for physicians. This practice parameter summarizes the results from the four evidence-based reviews on the management of patients with migraine: specifically, acute, preventive, and nonpharmacologic treatments for migraine, and the role of neuroimaging in patients with headache. The full papers for these treatment guidelines are published elsewhere,1-6⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓ and only the specific treatment recommendations are summarized below. Migraine is a very common disorder. An estimated 18% of women and 6% of men experience migraine, but many go undiagnosed and undertreated.7 There have been a number of advances in the diagnosis and treatment of migraine as well as great strides in understanding its pathogenesis, making it one of the best understood of the neurologic disorders. Migraine is characterized by enhanced sensitivity of the nervous system. The attack is associated with activation of the trigeminal-vascular system. In June 1998, Duke University’s Center for Clinical Health Policy Research, in collaboration with the AAN, completed four Technical Reviews on migraine sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. These reviews covered self-administered drug treatments for acute migraine8; parenteral drug treatments for acute migraine9; drug treatments for the prevention of migraine10; and behavioral and physical treatments for migraine.11 The Education and Research Foundation of the AAN later funded additional reports on diagnostic testing for headache patients, an update on sumatriptan and other 5-HT1 agonists, and a report on butalbital-containing compounds for migraine and tension-type headache, using the same methodology that was used in the original Technical Reviews . A multidisciplinary panel of professional organizations (The US Headache Consortium) produced four treatment guidelines, each related to a distinct set of …
Ontogeny, phylogeny, and morphology in anuran larvae: Morphometric analysis of cranial development and evolution in Rana tadpoles (Anura: Ranidae)

Comparative studies of chondrocranial morphology in larval anurans are typically qualitative in nature, focusing primarily on discrete variation or gross differences in the size or shape of individual structures. Detailed data on chondrocranial allometry are currently limited to only two species, Rana sylvatica and Bufo americanus. This study uses geometric morphometric and multivariate statistical analyses to examine interspecific variation in both larval chondrocranial shape and pat- terns of ontogenetic allometry among six species of Rana. Variation is interpreted within the context of hypothe- sized phylogenetic relationships among these species. Ca- nonical variates analyses of geometric morphometric datasets indicate that species can be clearly discriminated based on chondrocranial shape, even when whole ontoge- nies are included in the analysis. Ordinations and cluster analyses based on chondrocranial shape data indicate the presence of three primary groupings (R. sylvatica; R. catesbeiana R. clamitans; and R. palustris R. pipi- ens R. sphenocephala), and patterns of similarity closely reflect phylogenetic relationships. Analysis of chondrocra- nial allometry reveals that some patterns are conserved across all species (e.g., most measurements scale with negative allometry, those associated with the posterior palatoquadrate tend to scale with isometry or positive allometry). Ontogenetic scaling along similar allometric trajectories, lateral transpositions of individual trajecto- ries, and variable allometric relationships all contribute to shape differences among species. Overall patterns of sim- ilarity among ontogenetic trajectories also strongly reflect phylogenetic relationships. Thus, this study demonstrates a tight link between ontogeny, phylogeny, and morphol- ogy, and highlights the importance of including both on- togenetic and phylogenetic data in studies of chondrocra- nial evolution in larval anurans. J. Morphol. 264:34 -52, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
On-line adaptive optimal combustor control

A combustor control strategy that optimizes the trade-off between increasing volumetric heat release and decreasing pressure fluctuations in a laboratory-scale combustor is described. The strategy uses actuation and sensing techniques that simultaneously control and measure volumetric heat release and pressure fluctuations to minimize a cost function while the combustor operates. The cost function is a weighted combination of mean volumetric heat release and RMS pressure fluctuation level. The combustor is maintained at the optimum operating condition when the combustor is subject to unknown inlet condition changes through continuous searching for the best actuator input combinations. The adaptiveness of the strategy has been experimentally tested with unknown inlet condition changes such as flow disturbances, changes in equivalence ratio, and changes in inlet velocity, and results show that the control strategy can re-minimize the cost function within four minutes for large and small inlet condition changes.
Investigation of the Effects of Wetland Vegetation on Coastal Flood Reduction Using Hydrodynamic Simulation

Storm surge flood is a major threat to the inhabitants of Southwest Louisiana and to the health of the marshes in the area. Knowledge of potential impacts from a flood allows expedited response and recovery. In order to predict the flooding coverage and damage to the wetlands, hydrodynamic simulation of the flooding event has to be conducted. The target model area is Calcasieu Lake and its surrounding wetlands. The wetlands around Calcasieu Lake are covered by marsh grasses. The presence of these marsh grasses have significant effects on the friction of the flooding water, the size of the total flooded area, the speed, and the distribution of the flooding water. In this study, measured grass information was utilized and incorporated into the hydrodynamic model. A comparison between with and without vegetation models was conducted and the effect of the grasses in the target area was revealed.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Influence of Military Service on Aging

Although military service was common among US men born during the first half of the twentieth century, it is rarely examined explicitly or taken into account as a control variable in aging research. The lack of scholarly attention to the influence of military service on aging is due, in part, to insufficient nationally-representative data on military service experiences. But, even the data that are available have been under-analyzed. Therefore, the primary aim of this chapter is to highlight the military as a social force that shapes later-life outcomes. We first examine the extent to which military service is a “hidden variable” in aging research by: considering how cohort flow in relation to periods of war has altered the composition of the older adult population in the US and presenting the findings of a systematic search of publications in selected gerontology journals from 1980 through 2013. Then, we review the mechanisms through which military service influences the aging process, focusing particularly on selection into service, service-related experiences, and post-service access to benefits. This provides a foundation for considering what is known about military service and various life-course outcomes, including educational attainment, employment, marriage, civic engagement, health, and mortality, among those who served in particular wars. We conclude with some observations about studying the impact of military service on aging, including an integrated overview of available data, methodological challenges, and potential directions for future research.
Men (and Women) in Academic Radiology: How Can We Reduce the Gender Discrepancy?

OBJECTIVE. There is a chronic gender imbalance in academic radiology departments, which could limit our field's ability to foster creative, productive, and innovative environments. We recently reviewed 51 major academic radiology faculty rosters and discovered that 34% of academic radiologists are women, but only 25% of vice chairs and section chiefs and 9% of department chairs are women. CONCLUSION. Active intervention is needed to correct this imbalance, which should start with awareness of the issue, exposing medical students to radiology early in their training, and implementing better mentorship programs for female radiologists.
The intelligibility of interrupted and temporally altered speech: Effects of context, age, and hearing loss.

Temporal constraints on the perception of interrupted speech were investigated by comparing the intelligibility of speech that was periodically gated (PG) and subsequently either temporally compressed (PGTC) by concatenating remaining speech fragments or temporally expanded (PGTE) by doubling the silent intervals between speech fragments. Experiment 1 examined the effects of PGTC and PGTE at different gating rates (0.5 –16 Hz) on the intelligibility of words and sentences for young normal-hearing adults. In experiment 2, older normal-hearing (ONH) and older hearing-impaired (OHI) adults were tested with sentences only. The results of experiment 1 indicated that sentences were more intelligible than words. In both experiments, PGTC sentences were less intelligible than either PG or PGTE sentences. Compared with PG sentences, the intelligibility of PGTE sentences was significantly reduced by the same amount for ONH and OHI groups. Temporal alterations tended to produce a U-shaped rate-intelligibility function with a dip at 2–4 Hz, indicating that temporal alterations interacted with the duration of speech fragments. The present findings demonstrate that both aging and hearing loss negatively affect the overall intelligibility of interrupted and temporally altered speech. However, a mild-to-moderate hearing loss did not exacerbate the negative effects of temporal alterations associated with aging.
Automated Derivation and Verification of Navigation Requirements for On-Orbit Rendezvous

Due to the complexity and inter-dependence of a guidance, navigation, and control (GN&C) system, the process of converting top level system requirements into low level navigation requirements has traditionally been an ad-hoc art relying on engineering judgement, experience, and rough calculations. In addition, requirements are generally formulated when numerous aspects of the mission that directly impact the navigation system are still in flux. As a result, deriving and validating navigation requirements for a specific application, particularly for on-orbit rendezvous and docking missions, can become an iterative and laborious task with subjective results. The objective of this paper is to develop a simple, yet rigorous, method for deriving and validating navigation requirements and identify potential sensor suites that satisfy those navigation requirements at the lowest cost. By combining and applying fundamental principles commonly accepted with Monte Carlo analysis, linear covariance analysis, and sensitivity analysis, a fast, practical, and reliable methodology for deriving and validating navigation requirements emerges that also identifies the optimal sensor suite to fulfill those requirements. This systematic and objective approach for deriving navigation requirements can accommodate updates and modifications as the system design solidifies and naturally scales to handle multiple mission scenarios if needed.
Design and Implementation of a Highly Robust Sensorless Sliding Mode Observer for the Flux Magnitude of the Induction Motor

This paper presents the design and analysis of a sliding mode observer for the flux magnitude of the induction machine. The design is done using a modified model of the motor in the rotating reference frame. The inputs of the observer are the voltages and currents in the dq frame, and an estimate of the speed (which is not necessarily accurate). Using a speed estimate allows us to eliminate the speed measurement and yields a sensorless observer. The novelty is that, despite using an inaccurate input speed, the design of the feedback gains allows us to obtain an accurate flux estimate. The sliding mode observer is compared with a similar open-loop flux observer—it is shown that the proposed design is much more robust to parameter variations. The theoretical derivations are supported with simulations and experimental waveforms.
Impact of the Family Factors on College Students' Depression and Alienation

To investigate the depression and alienation state of college students,and the influencing factors,1900 college students from 19 colleges and universities in Jiangsu province were surveyed by questionnaires.One-Way ANOVA was applied on the scores of CES-D scale,Alienation scale and possible family influencing factors of mental health.It is resulted that approximately 14.7% college students got a score over 20 in CES-D scale,3.3% students got a score under 30 in Alienation scale.The factors of single child,hometown,family monthly income,the familial bond,family communication,family confliction,parents' education,occupation and their expressiveness,all influence college students' depression and alienation state in different extent.It is concluded that the impact of family factors still exists in college students' mental health.
Relational Cognition of Resilient Children

The present study explores resilient and nonresilient children's relational cognition at the very beginning when they seek to build trusting relationship with and ask for help from other people,examining the hypotheses that,in comparison with nonresilient children,resilient children have more accurate and quicker cognition of interpersonal relationship type,hold more positive and quicker cognition of interpersonal relationship characteristics in neutral/ambiguous situation.Two self-developed experimental programs,including one set of interpersonal relationship type cognition tasks and another set of interpersonal relationship characteristics cognition tasks,were administered to 99 resilient and 176 nonresilient children who were identified by a converging technique.Subjects' response including response time on the two sets of relational cognition tasks were automatically recorded on computer.ANCOVAs with covariates of age and gender were conducted to test group differences in scores and natural log-transformed response times of the two tasks.Results turned out to partially support the hypotheses:Resilient children scored higher on the interpersonal relationship type cognition tasks,while on the tasks of interpersonal relationship characteristics cognition,they got lower scores in both the positive and negative dimensions in a neutral/ambiguous interpersonal relationship situation,with their scores falling within a significantly narrower range on the negative-positive continuum than nonresilient children.No significant differences were found in response time on both tasks.It was implied that accurate and relatively cautious but positively biased cognition of interpersonal relationships,as an important subjective factor,could empower a child to efficiently seek from and build interpersonal relationships with other poeple to gain richer social support resources,which is beneficial for him/her to better cope with severe stresses/adversities.
Breed differences in uterine and ovarian measurements in gestating swine.

Ovulation rate, ovary weight, corpora lutea weight and uterine length were measured at 10 or 35 d of gestation in Duroc (199) and Yorkshire gilts (114). Embryos were counted at d 35. Yorkshires had significantly more corpora lutea than Durocs (13.6 vs 12.3 at d 10; 13.9 vs 12.4 at d 35). At d 10 breeds did not differ in uterine length, but by d 35 Duroc uteri were longer (P less than .01) than Yorkshire uteri (411 vs 375 cm) despite having fewer (P greater than .05) embryos (9.9 vs 10.5). Ovary weight did not differ between breeds at 10 or 35 d. Homogeneity analyses showed that the correlation matrices were significantly different between breeds at d 35 but not at d 10. In Durocs, high positive correlations existed between total embryo number and corpora lutea number (.57), ovary weight (.53) and corpora lutea weight (.25), whereas corresponding correlations were small in Yorkshires (.21, -.02 and -.03, respectively). In Yorkshires, strong negative correlations existed between total embryo survival and corpora lutea number (-.55), ovary weight (-.30) and corpora lutea weight (-.55), but in Durocs corresponding correlations were small (-.12, .14 and -.10, respectively). These results suggest that animal scientists should consider breed differences in levels of performance and its relationships among traits when designing or interpreting experiments.
Evaluating Recommender Systems

The evaluation of collaborative filtering shares a number of similarities with that of classification. This similarity is due to the fact that collaborative filtering can be viewed as a generalization of the classification and regression modeling problem (cf. section 1.3.1.3 of Chapter 1).
Bullous Henoch-Schönlein purpura in children.

Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis that is common in the pediatric population and often presents with the classical triad of palpable purpura, arthralgia, and abdominal pain. We describe a case of HSP in a 14-year-old adolescent girl who presented with atypical features of painful hemorrhagic bullae. The patient was treated with high-dose steroids, dapsone, and supportive therapy with remarkable improvement.
Radio astrometry of the Cassini spacecraft with the very long baseline array

The planetary ephemeris is a fundamental tool of astronomy that is essential for dynamical studies of the solar system, pulsar timing, tests of general relativity, occultation and eclipse predictions, and interplanetary spacecraft navigation. Since Jupiter and Saturn dominate the dynamics of our solar system, improved knowledge of their orbits will result in a global improvement in the accuracy of the ephemeris. The Cassini spacecraft has been orbiting Saturn for over a decade, a third of Saturn's orbital period. This has provided an unprecedented opportunity to improve all components of Saturn's orbit by combining periodic very long baseline inferterometry (VLBI) measurements of Cassini's sky position with respect to background radio sources, which in turn can be tied to the inertial International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF). The orbit of Cassini about the center of mass of Saturn is determined from Doppler tracking by the Deep Space Network. Combining these observations, we obtain the barycenter position of the Saturn system in an inertial frame at multiple epochs, with typical uncertainties of 0.3 milli-arcseconds in right ascension and 0.4 milli-arcseconds in declination. These results are then provided to JPL's ephemeris group for inclusion in future ephemeris solutions. At most epochs the largest component of the error budget is uncertainty in the ICRF position of the phase reference radio source used. These source positions are being continuously improved through additional VLBI observations. These VLBA observations have improved our knowledge of Saturn's orbit by nearly an order of magnitude. This technique will be expanded to include astrometric observations of the Juno spacecraft as soon as it enters Jupiter orbit in mid-2016. Although the orbital phase of the Juno mission is expected to last only a bit over one year, it will still allow a significant improvement in Jupiter's orbit. Previous missions to Jupiter have been single-epoch flybys with the exception of Galileo, for which the accuracy of VLBI position measurements was severely limited by failure of the high gain antenna. The Juno mission is scheduled to end in February 2018, five months after the scheduled end of the Cassini mission. At the ends of their missions the Juno and Cassini spacecraft will be destroyed in the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn to eliminate the possibility of a future crash onto any of the liquid-containing moons of these planets that may be habitats of life.
Learner Specified Course Design: A Conjoint Based Methodology

The design of instructional courses through direct assessment of learner preferences was investigated. An additive conjoint model was used to estimate the importance weights that individual learners assign to a set of course attributes. A five-cluster solution of individual importance weights is described in this exploratory study.
Renouncing Human Hubris and Reeducating Commonsense

The thesis of this paper is that we are now in the early stage of a revolution even more transformative than the Copernican. That great upheaval brought about a radical shift in the way men and women conceptualized their place in the universe. The revolution now under way entails a sea change in the way we think about ourselves in relation to the planet we inhabit—itself not a simple matter—and also the reeducation of our attitudes, values, feelings, emotions, patterns of behavior, and modes of living. All of which is to say that it requires us to become very different people from the ones we now are.