cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Widening the appeal of charity

In the UK there is a contracting donor pool, but a significant growth in registered charities. This paper discusses the impact of individual, organisational and environmental factors on giving, and also distinguishes characteristics of givers and non-givers. The focus of the paper is on the long-term solution to the problem of recruitment of donors, by expanding the current supporter base for the charity sector. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
The Riemann hypothesis as a sequence of surface to volume ratios

Abstract In 1955 Beurling showed that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to a closure property of a certain class of functions in L2[0,1]. In 1975, Ryavec obtained explicit zero free regions for ζ(s) in the critical strip; those regions depend on the norms of certain linear functionals in such a way that if those norms are unbounded, the Riemann hypothesis holds. In fact, as Bombieri later remarked, the converse is also true. As this paper demonstrates, the set, W, of these linear functionals can be written naturally as the countable nested union of certain subsets, Wn, and the extremal norms on these subsets form a strictly increasing sequence, one which is unbounded if and only if the Riemann hypothesis is true. We further show that the nth extremal norm can be reinterpreted as a certain surface to volume ratio in n dimensions. The form of these ratios suggests that the nth extremal norm is on the order of n —a conjecture reinforced by an extensive computer study. This study almost certainly reveals the extrema for cases n=2,3,4,5, although these are still unsolved problems.
Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the effect of protamine on paraprosthetic aortic insufficiency immediately after stentless tissue aortic valve replacement

Mild paravalvular aortic insufficiency (AI) is common immediately after stentless bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement. Although resolution of paraprosthetic jets with protamine has been described, the predictability of resolution has not been addressed. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed before and after protamine administration among 2 groups. The first group (n 20) was used to define the prevalence and severity of paravalvular AI after stentless tissue AVR, and define a threshold value for jet size associated with resolution with protamine. A second group (n 18) was used to prospectively test the determined threshold. Paravalvular AI occurred in 13 of 20 (65%) patients. Using a threshold value of 0.3 cm or less jet width, prospective testing revealed positive and negative predictive values for AI resolution with protamine of 93% (14 of 15) and 100% (3 of 3), respectively. Protamine administration is associated with resolution of small AI jets immediately after implantation of a stentless aortic bioprosthesis, with a jet width 0.3 cm or less strongly predictive of resolution. (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2002;15:1175-80.)
Creating a system for data-driven decision-making: applying the principal-agent framework

The purpose of this article is to improve our understanding of data-driven decision-making strategies that are initiated at the district or system level. We apply principal-agent theory to the analysis of qualitative data gathered in a case study of 4 urban school systems. Our findings suggest educators at the school level need not only systemic support but also enough decision-making autonomy to make site-level decisions on the basis of data. Secondly, we found that building expertise and capacity at the school site for data-driven decision-making is necessary but not a sufficient condition for success. Finally, in designing an accountability system, the imbalance in the distribution of information between the central office and the schools must be accommodated. Implications for further research and policy, based on these findings, are also discussed.
Characterization of the acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferases from primate liver mitochondria.

The acyl-CoA:amino acid N-acyl-transferases were partially purified from human liver mitochondria. The aralkyl transferase (ArAlk) had glycine conjugating activity toward the following compounds: benzoyl-CoA > butyryl-CoA, salicylyl-CoA > heptanoyl-CoA, indoleacetyl-CoA. Its kinetic properties and responses to salt were very similar to those of bovine ArAlk. Further, its molecular weight was found to be similar to that of the bovine enzyme, in contrast to reports from other laboratories. Thus, it was concluded that the human and bovine ArAlk are not significantly different. The human arylacetyl transferase (AAc) had glutamine conjugating activity toward phenylacetyl-CoA, but only 3–5% as much activity toward indoleacetyl-CoA or 1-naphtylacetyl-CoA, respectively. While this was similar to the bovine AAc, the two forms differed in several respects. First, the human liver AAc was insensitive to salts. Second, glycination of phenylacetyl-CoA by human AAc could only be detected at a high concentration of glycine (50 mM), and the rates were <2% of the rate of glutamination. In contrast, glycine conjugation predominates with bovine AAc. Kinetic analysis of the glutamination of phenylacetyl-CoA by human AAc revealed a KD for phenylacetyl-CoA of 14 μM and a Km for glutamine of 120 mM. These values indicate that the human AAc is not more efficient at glutamination than the AAc from bovine liver. An AAc was purified from rhesus monkey liver and found to have similar kinetic constants to the human form. This indicates that nonprimate enzymes do not have a defect in glutamine conjugation. Rather, it is the primate forms that are defective in that they have lost glycine conjugation, not increased the efficiency of glutamine conjugation.
Costs of Care Following Spinal Cord Injury

The purpose of this study was to develop new estimates of the costs of care following spinal cord injury in the United States. Information from the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center database was supplemented where necessary with estimates from a previous comprehensive study of lifetime costs updated for inflation to 2009 US dollars. Overall mean first-year charges were $523,089. Mean annual charges over the remainder of life were $79,759. Charges varied substantially by injury severity. These estimates are considerably higher than the inflation-adjusted estimates from our previous study.
Neomusotima fuscolinealis (Lepidoptera: Pryalidae) is an Unsuitable Biological Control Agent of Lygodium japonicum

In its native Japan Neomusotima fuscolinealis Yoshiyasu feeds on and damages the leaves of Lygodium japonicum (Thunberg ex Murray) Swartz, an invasive weed in Florida and the southeastern U.S. Larvae and pupae of the moth were imported into the quarantine facility at the Florida Biological Control Laboratory, Gainesville, Florida, to establish a colony for preliminary host range studies and to define its lifecycle and reproduction parameters. Larvae of the moth did not feed significantly nor develop on 5 tested rare, native Florida ferns. The rare North American native climbing fern, Lygodium palmatum (Bernhardi) Swartz, however, supported complete development of N. fuscolinealis, and 6 continuous generations of the moth were reared on the fern. Because the rare L. palmatum and the invasive L. japonicum co-occur in the US, the release of N. fuscolinealis could result in the harm to L. palmatum, a risk that makes the moth unsuitable as a potential biological control of L. japonicum.
Platelet adhesion to collagen and collagen-related peptide under flow: roles of the [alpha]2[beta]1 integrin, GPVI, and Src tyrosine kinases.

Objective— Platelet stimulation by collagen and collagen-related peptides (CRPs) is associated with activation of protein tyrosine kinases. In the present study, we investigated the role of Src family tyrosine kinases in the initial adhesion events of human platelets to collagen and cross-linked CRP. Methods and Results— Under arterial flow conditions, a glycoprotein VI–specific substrate, cross-linked CRP, caused rapid (<2 second) platelet retention and protein tyrosine phosphorylation that were markedly decreased by the Src family kinase inhibitor pyrozolopyrimidine (PP2) or by aggregation inhibitor GRGDSP. CRP-induced platelet retention was transient, and 90% of single platelets or aggregates detached within seconds. PP2, although having no effect on RGD peptide–binding to CRP, completely blocked aggregation and tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk and phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). In contrast, PP2 weakly (<30%) suppressed firm adhesion to collagen mediated primarily by the α2β1 integrin. Although PP2 prevente...
Inventory Management with Auctions and Other Sales Channels: Optimality of (s, S) Policies

We study periodic-review inventory replenishment problems with fixed ordering costs, and show the optimality of (s, S) inventory replenishment policies. Inventory replenishment is instantaneous, i.e., the lead time is zero. We consider several sales mechanisms, e.g., auction mechanisms, name-your-own-price mechanisms, and multiple heterogeneous sales channels. We prove this result by showing that these models satisfy a recently-established sufficient condition for the optimality of (s, S) policies. Thus, this paper shows that the optimality of (s, S) policies extends well beyond the traditional sales environments studied so far in the inventory literature.
Design of optimal precoders for MIMO channels

The paper considers the design of optimal precoders which minimize the bit error rate (BER) for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) downlink communication channels under the perfect reconstruction (zero-forcing) condition. The closed form solutions are derived and an efficient algorithm is proposed. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the proposed design technique, and to demonstrate the performance of the optimal precoders.
A Multidirectional Approach Toward Leadership: An Extension of the Concept of Behavioral Complexity

This paper explores the idea that behaviorally complex managers are more effective than their less complex counterparts. Behavioral complexity is assumed to have a repertoire and differentiation component. Behavioral repertoire refers to the portfolio of leadership functions managers can perform and behavioral differentiation to the ability of managers to vary the performance of their leadership functions depending on the situation. An empirical examination of the perceptions of the subordinates, peers, and superiors of the behavioral repertoire and differentiation of 282 middle managers from a large Fortune 50 manufacturing company and 252 managers from the public utility industry shows strong support for the notion that behavioral repertoire is positively associated with effectiveness and mixed support for the hypothesized positive relationship between behavioral differentiation and effectiveness.
Respiratory Failure Following Pulmonary Resection

Improvements in the perioperative management of the patient undergoing pulmonary resections have reduced postoperative complication rates steadily in the last several decades. However, postresection respiratory failure, particularly lung injury with no discernible cause, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Because the incidence of this entity is relatively low, the terminology, pathogenesis, and optimal management are poorly delineated in the literature. The purpose of this review is to describe the criteria used to define postresection lung injury, discuss the possible etiologic factors, and outline currently available treatment strategies.
ON RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN NUMBERS AND BEHAVIOR

My title is a somewhat free paraphrase of the expressed aim of the Psychometric Society, namely, to further "the development of psychology as a quantitative rational science." I think we are all agreed that psychology has to do with behavior, that a quantitative discipline involves numbers, and that a rational science requires broad generalizations. The premises underlying psychometrics seem to be the following: 1. That behavior can be represented numerically; 2. That the resultant numbers can be manipulated according to mathematical principles; and 3. That the results of these manipulations can yield new and valid representations of behavior. These assumptions are made implicitly every time we quantify a set of observations, compute a descriptive statistic, and generalize to a population of cases not yet encountered. They are so much part and parcel of the psychometrician's kit of tools that only on rare occasions do we bother to scrutinize them. It is somewhat surprising, however, that the first premise, namely, that behavior can be represented numerically, is generally accepted with relatively few questions. The triumphs of mensuration in almost countless fields of human endeavor have led us to believe that in psychology, too, measurement has had or will have its triumphs. In this we have been encouraged by early successes: the measurement of reaction time, of mental age, of aptitudes, and of attitudes. Let us consider briefly, but not too rigorously, the three specific processes: 1. The representation of some aspect of behavior in a numeric code; 2. The summarization of the coded information in terms of one or more descriptive statistics; and 3. The utilization of the summary in the prediction and control of behavior.
Characterization of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids from the lectin-producing mushroom, Polyporus squamosus

The polypore mushroom Polyporus squamosus is the source of al ectin that exhibits ag eneral aff inity for terminalb-galactosides, but appears to have an extended carbohydrate-binding site with high affinity and strict specificity for the nonreducing terminal trisaccharide sequence NeuAca2! 6Galb1! 4Glc/GlcNAc. In considering the possibility that the lectin’s in vivo function could involve interaction with an endogenous glycoconjugate, it would clearly be helpful to identify candidate ligands among various classes of carbohydrate-containing materials expressed by P. squamosus. Since evidence has been accumulating that glycosphingolipids (GSLs) may serve as key ligands for some endogenous lectins in animal species, possible similar roles for fungal GSLs could be considered. For this study, total lipids were extracted from mature fruiting body of P. squamosus. Multistep fractionation yielded a major monohexosylceramide (CMH) component and three major glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) from the neutral and acidic lipids, respectively. These were characterized by a variety of techniques as required, including one- and two-dimensional 1 H- and 13 C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy; electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (ESI-MS, tandemMS/collision-induced decay-MS, and ion trap-MS n ); and component and methylation linkage analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The CMH was determined to be glucosylceramide having a typical ceramide consisting of 2-hydroxy fatty-N-acylated (4E,8E)-9-methyl-sphinga-4, 8-dienine. The GIPCs were identified as Mana1! 2Ins1P-1Cer (Ps-1), Galb1! 6Mana1! 2Ins1-P-1Cer (Ps-2), and Mana1! 3Fuca1! 2Gala1! 6Galb1! 6Mana1! 2Ins1-P-1Cer (Ps-5), respectively (where Ins 5 myo-inositol, P 5 phosphodiester, and Cer 5 ceramide consisting mainly of long-chain 2-hydroxy and 2,3-dihydroxy fatty-N-acylated 4-hydroxy-sphinganines). Of these GSLs, Ps-2 could potentially interact with P. squamosus lectin, and further investigations will focus on determining the binding affinity, if any, of the lectin for the GIPCs isolated from this fungus.
Perceptions of Benzodiazepine Dependence Among Women Age 65 and Older

A phenomenological study explored whether older women who are chronic benzodiazepine users identified themselves as dependent, how dependence was perceived, and how meanings and understandings shaped experiences of benzodiazepine use. Self-reported benzodiazepine dependence was associated with being unable to reduce use or a desire to discontinue use and reliance on benzodiazepines to remain comfortable and able to handle daily life. Themes included: (a) benzodiazepine dependence is similar to dependence to diabetes or blood pressure medications; (b) dependence is distinctive from addiction/abuse; (c) addiction/abuse is perceived as worse than dependence; and (d) concerns of addiction/abuse result in low-dose benzodiazepine use.
Wireless communication in a flip-chip package using integrated antennas on silicon substrates

An intrachip wireless interconnect using integrated antennas is demonstrated in a flip-chip ball grid array package. The wireless interconnect consists of a transmitter-receiver pair, which is fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. A 15-GHz signal is generated and broadcasted across the integrated circuit. The signal is picked up by a receiver 4 mm away on the same integrated circuit and frequency divided by eight to produce a 1.875-GHz local clock signal. The interconnection is also demonstrated between a transmitting antenna and a packaged receiver 40 cm away from the transmitting antenna. Demonstration of intrachip wireless interconnects in a package has been considered the ultimate test for this technology.
Wide-band CMOS cascode low-noise amplifier design based on source degeneration topology

A design methodology for a wide-band CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) with source degeneration is presented. By allowing an arbitrary source degeneration and employing a general input matching network, the proposed wide-band CMOS LNA can be shown for any choice of transistor width to achieve the minimum noise figure at all frequencies of interest. The transistor width simply affects the gain of the LNA at the cost of power dissipation. These results apply uniquely to CMOS LNAs, as they are derived from a quasi-static MOSFET model. To validate these design concepts, a wide-band LNA was realized in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The measured noise figure ranges from 2.7 to 3.7 dB over 3.2-4.8 GHz with power consumption of 20 mW. A close agreement with the theoretical results is observed.
Risk Compensation or Risk Reduction? Seatbelts, State Laws, and Traffic Fatalities*

Objective. The risk compensation hypothesis suggests that drivers enjoying greater safety will drive more recklessly and thereby impose greater risks on nonoccupants. We provide a test of the risk compensation hypothesis in the context of state seatbelt laws and belt use rates.Methods. Fixed-effects models with policy and demographic variables are estimated using annual state data from 1985 to 2002 to test the effect of seatbelt laws and seatbelt use rates on logged fatality rates for occupants, pedestrians, motorcyclists, and all nonoccupants in separate models.Results. Contrary to the risk compensation hypothesis, the results indicate that both occupants and nonoccupants enjoy greater safety due to state mandatory use laws and increased safety belt use rates.Conclusion. Overall, seatbelt laws and the higher belt use these laws induce do not increase nonoccupant risk exposure. If anything, these laws and the accompanying increase in belt use result in safer driving behavior. Language: en
Controversial speech topics: Determination and use

The purpose of this article is (1) to report the findings of an attitude survey of 371 Wayne State undergraduate students on ideas that could be used as speech topics for classroom presentation, (2) to determine if these students varied significantly according to their respective college rank (e.g., freshman, sophomore, junior and senior) and sex, and (3) to explain and illustrate a simple method of determining opinions about central ideas of speech subjects. Additionally, the article offers the researcher some insight into the reliability of similar studies which have used small samples of undergraduates in a random manner regarding rank, sex, and age.
Shale Gas Development and Housing Values over a Decade: Evidence from the Barnett Shale

Extracting natural gas from shale formations can create local economic benefits such as public revenues but also disamenities such as truck traffic, both of which change over time. We study how shale gas development affected zip code level housing values in Texas’ Barnett Shale, which splits the Dallas-Fort Worth region in half and is the most extensively developed shale formation in the U.S. We find that housing in shale zip codes appreciated more than nonshale zip codes during peak development and less afterwards, with a net positive effect of five to six percentage points from 1997 to 2013. The greater appreciation in part reflects improved local public finances: the value of natural gas rights expanded the local tax base by $82,000 per student, increasing school revenues and expenditures. Within shale zip codes, however, an extra well per square kilometer was associated with a 1.6 percentage point decrease in appreciation over the study period.
The validity and reliability of attending evaluations of medicine residents.

Objectives:To assess the reliability and validity of faculty evaluations of medicine residents.Methods:We conducted a retrospective study (2004–2012) involving 228 internal medicine residency gradu...
Microstrip Antenna Analysis Using a Suite of Modeling Techniques-A Review

In this work we present a brief examination of the problem of modeling microstrip antennas using a variety of numerical techniques. One of the simplest among these is the cavity model approach,1 which is useful for developing an intuitive understanding of the performance of the microstrip antenna. However, it and similar approximate methods (see for instance2) are limited in their accuracy, and are only useful either for the design of simple structures, or for providing good initial estimates of the performance characteristics of the design.
Abstract B20: Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteines-Like 1 Suppresses Aggressiveness and Predicts Better Survival in Colorectal Cancers

Background: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like 1 (SPARCL1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein with malignancy suppressing potential. The hypothesis that SPARCL1 reduces cancer invasiveness and predicts better survival in colorectal cancers (CRC) was investigated. Material and Methods: Stable SPARCL1 transfectants, RKO-SPRCL1, and corresponding vector control were constructed and implanted into nude mice to generate a mouse xenograft model of liver metastasis. Also, a retrospective outcome study was conducted on the COH set (222 CRCs) and ZJU set (412 CRCs). The protein expression level of SPARCL1 was determined by immunohistochemistry. The Kaplan-Meier and COX analyses were employed for survival analysis. The association of SPARCL1 with MET was sought by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Results: The ectopic expression of SPARCL1 significantly reduced the potential for anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion, and it induced cell differentiation in RKO and SW620 cells. In mouse xenograft model, the expression of SPARCL1 significantly reduced the liver metastasis (P = 0.001). The patient-based studies revealed that the expression of SPARCL1 was related to better differentiation (P < 0.01), less lymph node involvement (Odds Ratio, OR=0.67, 95% CI 0.45-1.00) and less distant metastasis (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.79). The Kaplan-Meier and COX analysis demonstrated that the expression of SPARCL1 was associated with better overall survival (Log–rank P < 0.01; hazard ratio, HR=0.57, 95% CI 0.39-0.84). Transfection of SPARCL1 induced MET of colon cancer cells. Conclusion: SPARCL1 functions as a tumor suppressor promoting differentiation possibly via MET, which inhibits the aggressiveness of CRC. Citation Format: Hu Hanguang, Zhang Hang, Ge Weiting, Liu Xiyong, Peng Jiaping, Yu Shujing, Yen Yun, Zheng Shu. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like 1 suppresses aggressiveness and predicts better survival in colorectal cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B20.
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Water Balance of Tobacco Plant. (II) .

The influence of osmotic potential and water potential on the leaf expansion and leaf weight were studied with a Japanese native tobacco variety ‘Shiroenshu’grown in irrigated or non-irrigated plots on volcanic ash soil. Water status in leaf, chemical component and yield of irrigated and non-irrigated tobacco were also examined. Leaf area and leaf weight of non-irrigated tobacco were smaller than those of irrigated tobacco. The decrease in leaf area and leaf weight were closely correlated with the depression of pressure potential (turgor pressure) of leaves. The rate of water loss at room temperature of detouched leaves of middle position in the irrigated tobacco was faster than that of the non-irrigated one. The rate of water loss in upper leaves was slower than that in lower ones.Chlorophyll content in the irrigated tobacco was maintained longer than those in non-irrigated one. It was supposed that the cells of the upper leaves of the irrigated tobacco were kept younger than that of the non-irrigated tobacco. Yield and quality of the irrigated tobacco were higher than those of the non-irrigated one.
Characterizing tuberculosis genotype clusters along the United States-Mexico border.

We examined the growth of tuberculosis (TB) genotype clusters during 2005–2010 in the United States, categorized by country of origin and ethnicity of the index case and geographic proximity to the US–Mexico border at the time of TB diagnosis. Nationwide, 38.9% of cases subsequent to Mexico-born index cases were US-born. Among clusters following US-born Hispanic and US-born non-Hispanic index cases, respectively 29.2% and 5.3% of subsequent cluster members were Mexico-born. In border areas, the majority of subsequent cases were Mexico-born following US-born Hispanic (56.4%) and US-born non-Hispanic (55.6%) index cases. These findings suggest that TB transmission commonly occurs between US-born and Mexico-born persons. Along the US–Mexico border, prioritizing TB genotype clusters following US-born index cases for investigation may prevent subsequent cases among both US-born and Mexico-born persons.
Student Fellowship in Theoretical Physics at UCLA

This is the closeout report for work performed. Funds were used to support graduate student Scott Davies. A summary of work in QCD and in supergravity theories is included.
Exercise and Growth: Physical Activity as a Factor in Growth and Maturation

This chapter focuses on the effect of physical activity on growth and maturation. Regular physical activity is often viewed as essential to normal growth and maturation. At the same time, concern has also been expressed about potentially negative influences of physical activity, specifically of intensive training for sport during childhood and adolescence. This chapter makes a point whether the physical and physiological demands of habitual physical activity during childhood and adolescence, is capable of altering individual patterns of growth and maturation. The stimulus of regular physical activity and responses to the activity are, to a large extent, not sufficient to significantly alter the processes of growth and maturation, as they are ordinarily monitored. Regular physical activity has no apparent effect on attained height and rate of growth in height. It can, however, be an important factor in the regulation of body weight and specifically fatness. Regular physical activity also functions to enhance skeletal mineral and density, and is a significant factor in the structural and functional integrity of skeletal muscle tissue.
A metamaterial-inspired miniaturized wide-band microwave interferometry sensor for liquid chemical detection

This paper presents a miniature wide-band interferometry sensor for dielectric spectroscopy and detection of liquid chemicals based on utilizing two composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) in a zero-IF mixing configuration. The equivalent series capacitance of the CRLH TLs, constructed by using microstrip interdigital capacitors, is loaded with microfluidic channels, and exposed to the material under test (MUT) to act as the sensing element. Due to the nonlinear dispersion relation of the artificial TLs with respect to the sensing capacitor, higher sensitivity over a frequency band as wide as 4–8 GHz is achieved, compared to the previously-reported resonator- or capacitor-based sensors. The final fabricated system prototype is 4 cm×8 cm. Moreover, a calibration method is presented based on measurement results, which shows an rms error less than ∼1.5% for liquid-chemical permittivity detection. To the best of author's knowledge, this is the first disclosure of wide-band and highly-sensitive microwave interferometry sensor suitable for portable lab-on-board applications.
Jordan River I’m Bound to Cross: Using Digital Sources to Teach about Slavery and the Underground Railroad in Kentucky and Ohio

There are many secondary sources written on the topic of the Underground Railroad, however there is only a limited amount of primary sources, as the phenomenon was kept secret during its operation to avoid detection. Therefore, people did not write about it in any significant way until slavery was fully outlawed in 1865. Students obtain a more sophisticated understanding of history by learning about significant events that took place in the region where they live. The author of this article teaches at a University in Northern Kentucky near Ohio and has identified some primary sources that shed light on slavery and the Underground Railroad in Kentucky and Ohio. Many resources can be accessed through digital archives via the Internet at schools, universities or from the comfort of one’s own home. In recent history, even as little as twenty years ago, historians or students of history had to travel to libraries and university archives to access many historical documents now available at the click of a mouse. With massive efforts by institutions to digitize their archives an entire world has opened up in terms of historical resources. This presentation will highlight some digital primary and secondary sources available for social studies teachers on Kentucky and Ohio History and the Underground Railroad. The first section will consist of an analysis of several digital primary sources on slavery and the Underground Railroad in Kentucky and Ohio the last section will outline a unit plan that incorporates several primary and secondary sources that teachers can use in their social studies classrooms.
Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Hydroxy Bis(boronates) via Cu-Catalyzed Tandem Borylation/1,2-Addition

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of 1-hydroxy-2,3-bisboronate esters through multicomponent borylation/1,2-addition is reported. Catalyst and substrates are readily available, form both a C–B and C–C bond, and generate up to three contiguous stereocenters. The reaction is tolerant of aryl, vinyl, and alkyl aldehydes and ketones in up to 95% yield, >20:1 dr, and 99:1 er. Intramolecular additions to aldehydes and ketones result in stereodivergent processes. The hydroxy bis(boronate) ester products are amenable to site-selective chemical elaboration.
Microreplicated CMP pad for RMG and MOL metallization

Microreplicated CMP pad is applied to W and Co buff CMP steps for topography and WiDNU reduction of RMG and MOL metallization. This new pad exhibits stable rates and low defectivity over extended life time without the need for diamond conditioner. It also demonstrates reduction in topography built-up at device level and die level, leading to remarkable reduction in topo-related defects for MOL local interconnects.
Sub 23 μHz instantaneous linewidth and frequency stability measurements of the beat note from an offset phase locked single frequency heterodyned Nd:YAG laser system.

We report, what is to the best of our knowledge, the narrowest instantaneous linewidth measurement of the beat frequency between two phase locked heterodyned 1.319 μm Nd:YAG lasers. At both 65 kHz and 31.7 GHz beat frequencies, we measured the instantaneous 3 dB linewidth of the optically-generated microwave tones to be < 22.8 μHz, limited only by the minimum instrument resolution. Allan deviation measurements indicate that the laser system follows a 5 MHz quartz reference oscillator to stability levels of σy (1s) = 8.4 × 10−12. At 10.24 GHz, the laser system follows a sapphire loaded cavity oscillator to stability levels of σy (1s) = 1.6 × 10−11. For these measurements, the optical beat note closely follows the linewidth and stability of the driving microwave frequency reference.
Karyopherins in cancer

Malfunction of nuclear-cytoplasmic transport contributes to many diseases including cancer. Defective nuclear transport leads to changes in both the physiological levels and temporal-spatial location of tumor suppressors, proto-oncogenes and other macromolecules that in turn affect the tumorigenesis process and drug sensitivity of cancer cells. In addition to their nuclear transport functions in interphase, Karyopherin nuclear transport receptors also have important roles in mitosis and chromosomal integrity. Therefore, alterations in the expressions or regular functions of Karyopherins may have substantial effects on the course and outcome of diseases.
EVALUATION OF THE PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY OF SPECIAL SPORT CENTER ORIENTED AT RECRATION ACCORDING TO SOME VARIABLES

The aim of this study is evaluating the service quality that individuals perceive according to some certain variabilities in special sport centers. While the population includes the members of sport centers in Edirne, the sample includes the members of a sport center named Sports Montana. There are 94 males and 21 females in this study which has total 115 individuals. During the collection of data, I benefit from The Service Quality of Sport-Fitness Centers in Turkey which has been developed by Ucan and Dogu in 2007. The participants has evaluated the survey consisted total 31 articles and 6 aspects via five point likert scale. Tests of frequencies, descriptive, cross tabs, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U have helped this study. Eventually, participants are different from each other in the way of sex, exercise type, level of income. So, their perceptions of quality vary. Article visualizations:
Prostate Stem Cells and Cancer in Animals

The mouse prostate has been the primary focus of research in regards to both normal stem cells and cancer stem cell-like cell populations in the animal prostate. The proximal region is the probable location of stem cells because it contains a high number of label-retaining cells, which express stem-cell specific markers, that are resistant to androgen ablation and have a greater capacity to regenerate prostate tissue in growth assays as compared to cells located in the distal regions. Stem cell growth assays include both in vivo and cell culture techniques. However, in vivo growth assays are better suited toward assessing full stem cell potential. Stem cells reside in a specialized microenvironment, in which their quiescence and proliferation is regulated by factors such as TGF-β, EGF, and IGF. Currently, two models of differentiation exist, the traditional linear model and the more recent branching differentiation model. Transgenic mice with activation or deficiency of genes such as androgen receptor, fibroblast growth factor 8, c-Myc, Akt, Pten, Nkx3.1, Rb, p53, Apc, or some of their combinations demonstrate gene-dependent development of the various stages of prostate cancer. Preliminary findings suggest that different genetic events have unequal transforming effects on stem cells and their progeny, and mouse models do have the potential to increase our understanding of the relevance of fundamental processes governing the control of stem cells to cancer. Additionally, they allow for the investigation of a stem cell-like cancer cell population, which may be responsible for maintaining growth after androgen ablation therapy.
The genetics of plant clocks.

Abstract The rotation of the earth on its axis confers the property of dramatic, recurrent, rhythmic environmental change. The rhythmicity of this change from day to night and again to day imparts predictability. As a consequence, most organisms have acquired the capacity to measure time to use this time information to temporally regulate their biology to coordinate with their environment in anticipation of coming change. Circadian rhythms, endogenous rhythms with periods of ∼ 24 h, are driven by an internal circadian clock. This clock integrates temporal information and coordinates of many aspects of biology, including basic metabolism, hormone signaling and responses, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress, making clocks central to “systems biology.” This review will first address the extent to which the clock regulates many biological processes. The architecture and mechanisms of the plant circadian oscillator, emphasizing what has been learned from intensive study of the circadian clock in the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana, will be considered. The conservation of clock components in other species will address the extent to which the Arabidopsis model will inform our consideration of plants in general. Finally, studies addressing the role of clocks in fitness will be discussed. Accumulating evidence indicates that the consonance of the endogenous circadian clock with environmental cycles enhances fitness, including both biomass accumulation and reproductive performance. Thus, increased understanding of plant responses to environmental input and to endogenous temporal cues has ecological and agricultural importance.
Dynamic Models of the Mitotic Cycle: Evidence for a Limit Cycle Oscillator

Control of the periodicity of mitosis, and maintenance of stable phase relation among events of the cell cycle, have been extensively studied in a number of prokaryotes (1,2) in tetrahymena (3,4) Paramecium (5), yeast (6), Physarum (7,8) and higher cells (9). Two broad classes of models have emerged over the past several decades (reviewed by J. M. Mitchison 10). The first envisions a recurrent sequence of discrete cellular events, related to one another as a simple causal loop sequence, or as partially independent, partially connected causal sequences eventually forming a loop. Hartwell’s (11) elegant genetic analysis of the yeast division cycle using temperature sensitive mutants stopping cells at specific phases has led him to this type of model. Such a causal loop model would explain both the periodicity of the cycle and the maintenance of proper phase relations between events of the cycle. The event; of the cycle are here considered as parts of the clock.
Blind Men and Elephants

I must apologize for invoking the timeworn but apt Indian legend of probing blind men and an elephant, each persuaded of his superior grasp of the pachyderm and the others’ conceptual errors; they cannot imagine that each one of them is wrong while at the same time each one is right from their own very limited perspective. The tail is like a rope, the side is like a wall, and the leg is like a tree, but the elephant, like schizophrenia, is all of these, none of these, and much, much more. Indeed, schizophrenia may comprise more than one elephant.
Trendelenburg — Initiator der funktionellen Varizenchirurgie

Varizen sind beim Menschen ein Tribut an den aufrechten Gang, seit altersher bekannt und nach epidemiologischen Untersuchungen haben uber 60% der Menschen jenseits des 5. Dezeniums Krampfadern. Beschreibungen von Krampfadern finden sich in agyptischen Papyri: „gewundene und schlangenartige Schwellungen mit vielen Knoten“. Ein weiteres schones Beispiel ist die Votivtafel aus dem Asklepios-Heiligtum in Kos mit dem Befund des dicken Beines und der gewundenen Ader.
Observations About the Phenotype of Peroxisomal Disorders

Up to March 1986, our laboratory has diagnosed 557 cases of peroxisomal disorders by demonstrating excess of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma and/or cultured skin fibroblasts. These include 425 cases of X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and 132 cases of “generalized” peroxisomal disorders, induing Zellweger, neonatal ALD, infantile Refsum’s, and hyperpipecolic acidemia. X-linked ALD shows phenotypic variability even within the same kindred, and plasma VLCFA can be lowered by a regimen which combined dietary VLCFA restriction with oral administration of glycerol trioleate. The generalized peroxisomal disorders show variability in respect to age of survival, extent of dysmorphic features and psychomotor development. These variations do not correlate with demonstrable biochemical defects. Not clearly correlated with these clinical correlations, the generalized peroxisomal disorders appear to be grouped into subtypes in accordance with the number of biochemical functions that are abnormal, and the d gree to which the peroxisome structure is retained. These results indicate that peroxisomal disorders are heterogeneous and that, as knowledge increases, their classification will be altered.
Factors affecting YouTube influencer marketing credibility: a heuristic-systematic model

The rise of influencer marketing makes YouTube an ideal media platform to implement such marketing strategies. Many scholars consider the success of YouTube influencer marketing as a result of high...
Physiological state in extreme environments

Abstract Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) wearable devices are used to quantify physiology during physical activities to monitor levels of fitness and to prevent overexertion. We argue that there are limitations and challenges to measuring physiological data with current state-of-the-art wearable devices, both with the hardware as well as the data itself. These limitations and challenges are exacerbated when wearable devices are used in extreme climate environments We discuss these through empirical findings from our study where hikers are suited with wearable technologies as they cross the Grand Canyon. We discuss the performance of various wearable technologies in the extreme environment of the canyon as well as the concerns with downloaded data. These findings highlight the needs and opportunities for the wearable devices market, specifically how wearable technologies could mature to quantify performance and fatigue through real-time data collection and analysis.
Building a Culture of Innovation in a Health-Care Organization:

Columbus Regional Health (CRH, hereafter), a nonprofit organization in Columbus, Indiana, evolved from a traditional local hospital to an award-winning regional health-care provider through innovat...
Defining uncertainties through comparison of atmospheric river tracking methods

Author(s): Shields, CA; Rutz, JJ; Ruby Leung, L; Martin Ralph, F; Wehner, M; O'Brien, T; Pierce, R
Trait interpersonal vulnerability attenuates beneficial effects of constructive criticism on failure responses.

The extant literature on interpersonal criticism suggests that relative to destructive criticism, constructive criticism significantly minimizes the injurious psychological aftermath people experience after failure. However, we propose the possibility that for some people, these psychological benefits of constructive criticism are less apparent. Specifically, we hypothesized that for people high in trait interpersonal vulnerability, a construct marked by maladaptive cognitive-emotional responses in interpersonal contexts and/or by dysfunctional relational concerns, effects of constructive (vs. destructive) criticism on reduced maladaptive appraisals will diminish, and this diminution of reduced maladaptive appraisals will predict downstream effects on worsened post-failure mood. An experiment had a college sample (N = 349) complete four instruments represented under an interpersonal vulnerability construct (IVC). Next, participants imagined failing in various domains and receiving subsequent feedback from emotionally important others. Feedback type was manipulated to typify either destructive criticism or constructive criticism. Finally, participants provided ratings of maladaptive appraisals and post-failure mood. Latent variable path modelling supported hypotheses. Effects of constructive (vs. destructive) criticism on reduced maladaptive appraisals (namely, shame proneness) diminished as IVC increased, which predicted worsened post-failure mood. Findings have implications for multidisciplinary theoretical perspectives relevant to interpersonal vulnerability and offer practical considerations for clinicians working with vulnerable clients.
Real-Time Scheduling for Event-Triggered and Time-Triggered Flows in Industrial Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks

Wireless sensor-actuator networks enable an efficient and cost-effective approach for industrial sensing and control applications. To satisfy the real-time requirement of such applications, these networks adopt centralized scheduling algorithms to optimize the real-time performance based on global information. Existing centralized algorithms mostly focus on scheduling time-triggered flows. They cannot effectively schedule event-triggered flows due to the dynamics and unpredictability of events. In this paper, we propose three fundamental centralized algorithms that reserve as few resources as possible for event-triggered flows such that the real-time performance of time-triggered flows is not affected. We then analyze their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the analysis, we combine their advantages, including those in terms of their resource requirements, into a centralized algorithm. Finally, we conduct extensive simulations based on both real topologies and random topologies. The simulations indicate that for most test cases the schedulability of our combined algorithm is close to optimal solutions.
A meta regression analysis of quality of life correlates in adults with ASD

Abstract Background In this meta-regression analysis, we investigated Pearson’s r correlations between Quality of Life (QoL) and several putative correlates, including (a) age, (b) intellectual quotient (IQ), (c) autism severity, and (d) social functioning (SF). Method Robust variance estimation was used to synthesize the effect sizes from published and unpublished studies/datasets. One hundred sixty five effect sizes (extracted from 17 studies/datasets) comprising a total of 1721 participants with ASD (mean age = 35.64 years; mean percent male = 62.24%) were retrieved. Results Summary effect sizes derived from unconditional meta-regressions for the association between QoL and age, IQ, and autism severity were close to zero and statistically insignificant. In contrast, the summary effect size for the association between QoL and social functioning was statistically significant and moderately sized. Conclusion Of the correlates we examined, only social functioning appears to bear significant summary-level associations with QoL. Improvements in social functioning may enhance QoL in adults with ASD. Alternatively, interventions aimed at neurotypical populations that promote ASD acceptance may lead to increased QoL that is not dependent on social functioning. Factors other than normative adult outcomes that may influence adult QoL should be explored.