cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Refractive and topographic fluctuations due to intracorneal ring segments motility.

PURPOSE To describe a patient with refractive and topographic fluctuations 5 years after intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation for the management of corneal ectasia after LASIK. METHODS Case report. RESULTS A 48-year-old woman presented complaining of intermittent decreased vision over 1 year that improved with eye rubbing. Slit-lamp and optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations revealed overriding ring segments that could be restored to normal position after minor corneal massage. Topographic and refractive findings were significantly influenced by the ICRS positioning and caused decreased visual function when overriding. To avoid ICRS override, surgical dissection of the corneal tunnel along with ring segment repositioning was performed. A suture was placed through the ring's positioning hole to stabilize the ICRS at its optimal position and to avoid recurrence of this phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted ICRS implantation may experience ring segment migration and override of the segments that could lead to decreased visual function. Proper surgical repositioning and ring segment fixation may address this complication and offer satisfactory visual and refractive outcomes along with avoidance of ICRS migration and override.
Upper Tropospheric and Stratospheric Measurements of Atmospheric Chemistry and Trends by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier Transform Spectrometer

The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) solar occultation FTS was launched into a 74° inclined orbit on 12 August 2003 and has been recording 0.02 cm−1 resolution infrared measurements of the free troposphere and the upper atmosphere since its science operations phase began on 21 February 2004. We highlight atmospheric composition and trend studies that have including detections of new species and the measurement of trends for the key climate change-related species CO2 and CH4.
Fair Trade Marketing: An Alternative System for Globalization and Development

Fair trade marketing gives consumers the option of paying higher prices for imported goods so that developing world producers can have a decent standard of living. This article conceptualizes the fair trade movement as a system for globalization and economic development different from that carried out by the conventional marketing of multinational corporations. It investigates the philosophical principles of fair trade and compares them to the ideologies of antiglobalization, marketing management, ethical sourcing, and ethical consumerism. The article also describes the institutional networks of fair trade marketing and explores some implications of this system for producers, consumers, and companies.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia: Relationship to pathologic parameters, volume and spatial distribution of carcinoma of the prostate

OBJECTIVE To summarize studies that have investigated the morphologic, spatial and volumetric relationship between prostate cancer and its putative precursors, high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH). METHODS Studies addressing the relationship between morphologic parameters of prostate cancer (i.e., stage, grade, volume and anatomic distribution) and both HGPIN and AAH are reviewed. Similar data based on our institutional experience with surgical and autopsy series of step-sectioned, totally embedded prostate glands are also presented. RESULTS Most investigators have demonstrated significant associations between HGPIN and carcinoma in terms of coexistence, "zonal" origin and physical proximity. The two lesions have a high tendency to be present simultaneously; both originate predominantly in the peripheral zone and are often found within the same microscopic field. Reports on the relationship between HGPIN and the stage of prostate cancer are less consistent, and the associations of this lesion with cancer grade and volume are exceedingly complex. HGPIN appears to be associated with moderately to poorly differentiated, smaller, often-multifocal tumors and is less frequent in large, high grade cancers. There are data suggesting a trend-of a reciprocal relationship between more extensive and diffuse HGPIN and large-volume prostate cancers. Conversely, there is a wide spectrum of volume distribution of the two lesions in glands harboring smaller tumors. Similar data concerning AAH are limited. CONCLUSION There are strong and consistent data supporting various aspects of the morphologic associations between HGPIN and prostate cancer. The indications that glands harboring larger tumors tend to contain less extensive HGPIN could raise the hypothesis that as carcinoma becomes larger, it may replace areas of the gland previously occupied by HGPIN. Alternatively, prostate cancer can evolve from ducts with HGPIN and gradually overgrow their precursor. There is a relative dearth of similar information concerning AAH.
Noninvasive measurements of aortic stiffness: methodological considerations.

Le present article passe en revue les methodes non invasives permettant actuellement d'evaluer la rigidite aortique. Les points forts et faibles de ces methodes sont soumis a une analyse critique. Deux types de methodes sont distinguees, indirectes et directes (les modeles de type Windkessel ne sont pas pris en consideration). Les methodes indirectes mesurent la vitesse de propagation de l'onde pulsatile (VPOP), qui renseigne sur la rigidite moyenne du trajet arteriel etudie. En general, la VPOP est calculee en divisant la longueur du segment arteriel (mesuree de facon transcutanee) par le temps de transit correspondant a l'intervalle entre le pied des deux ondes. La tonometrie d'aplanissement, les transducteurs acoustiques, l'echographie Doppler et l'imagerie par resonance magnetique (IRM) ont tous ete utilises pour mesurer le temps de transit. Les methodes directes permettent de calculer la rigidite arterielle en divisant la pression differentielle (contrainte) par la modification relative du diametre (ou de l'aire) aortique entre la systole et la diastole (deformation). L'echocardiographie et l'IRM ont ete utilisees pour evaluer la deformation aortique. Toutes ces methodes directes et indirectes ont des limites. Pour les techniques indirectes, la principale source d'erreur importante est l'estimation transcutanee de la longueur du segment aortique. Pour les methodes directes, la contrainte et la deformation sont generalement mesurees en des endroits differents de l'arbre arteriel. Ces questions et d'autres difficultes methodologiques sont discutees. Les domaines ou de plus amples etudes sont necessaires sont identifies.
Recurrent Syncope and Quadriplegia

A 72-year-old man had posturally induced syncopal episodes, followed by quadriparesis, coma, and death. Neuroimaging studies supported the clinical diagnosis confirmed by neuropathological findings.
Teaching Educational Techniques Within the Medical Technology Curriculum: Mini-Workshop Approach

Medical technology educators must plan a curriculum suitable for developing broad-based competencies for career-entry practitioners. One role that graduate technologists are frequently asked to assume is that of teacher. Time constraints in the traditional 3 + 1 and 4 + 1 curricular formats make it difficult to plan a complete course addressing teaching skills. This article describes a mini-workshop approach for teaching basic instructional techniques within the 3 + 1 or 4 + 1 medical technology curriculum.
Perceptions of earthquake early warnings on the U.S. West Coast

Abstract Earthquake early warning systems can provide seconds to minutes of lead time by alerting people that an earthquake has started and shaking is coming, enabling them to take protective action. To examine how earthquake early warnings might be received on the U.S. West coast, we conducted surveys of residents in the west coast states of Washington, Oregon and California (N=2595) through Google paywall intercept surveys administered in three rounds between September 2014 and September 2015. A majority of residents in all states (61% WA, 54% OR, 70% CA) have personally experienced an earthquake. Those who have experienced an earthquake perceive higher risk and greater potential for effectively reducing that risk with earthquake early warning. Although respondents feel that federal and local government should pay for earthquake early warning, almost two-thirds report being willing to pay something for “an Earthquake Early Alert app on [their] smartphone or personal computer.” Median willingness to pay per month is $1. Perceived risk, perceived effectiveness of earthquake early warning, and anticipated or experienced emotional responses to earthquakes influence judgments of and preferences for earthquake early warning, although personal experience of earthquakes conditions these influences. Further, highly visible mass media communications such as the New Yorker article “The Really Big One” and the movie “San Andreas” increase earthquake risk perceptions. Overall, interest in and support for earthquake early warning on the U.S. West Coast appears strong.
Observational Test for Wave Propagation Effects in Local Earthquake Seismograms

Strong motion data for aftershocks of the 1982 Miramichi earthquake are analyzed to determine site effects on recorded waveforms. Although aftershocks vary in source mechanism, the complicated vector particle motion of P and S arrivals are often coherent between events recorded at the same station. This suggests that near-surface receiver structure has a significant effect on the recorded waveforms. Resonance features dominate the wavetrains with P reverberations existing on the vertical components and S reverberations prominent on the radial components indicating near vertical incidence. These reverberations take the form of peaks in the amplitude spectra which may complicate corner frequency interpretation. As an example, a corner frequency shift, f c ( S ) c ( P ), is evident and is attributed to structure induced effects. Synthetic seismograms computed using the propagator matrix method indicate that a thin low velocity layer of unconsolidated glacial till located directly beneath the receivers is responsible for most waveform effects. Attenuation effects in the thin layer are included in the computation of the synthetics in order to help match amplitude ratios. The geometry of the till-bedrock interface is interpreted as being three dimensional due to high tangential P amplitudes and anomalous particle motions. The observed waveforms are believed to consist mainly of direct waves, reverberations within the thin layer, and scattered arrivals resulting from the nonplanar interface. A careful analysis of three component waveform data in earthquake aftershock data sets such as this one considered here may be useful in determining local site conditions independent of assumed source models.
A numerical study of parallel-plate and open-plate droplet transport in electrowetting-on-dielectrode (EWOD)

ABSTRACTElectrowetting-induced microwater droplet transports in parallel-plate and open-plate electrowetting-on-dielectrode (EWOD) have been studied numerically. The governing equations for three-dimensional transient microfluidic flow are solved by a finite volume scheme with a two-step projection method on a fixed computational domain. The free surface of the droplet is tracked by the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method with the surface tension force determined by the continuum surface force (CSF) model. The results of the numerical model have been validated with published experimental data and the physics of droplet transport have been investigated. A parametric study has been performed in which the effects of voltage amplitude, channel gap, and electrode size have been examined.
Survival of melanoma patients with brain metastases treated with ipilimumab combined with stereotactic radiosurgery.

e20019 Background: Historically, melanoma with brain metastases has a poor prognosis and is a major contributor to patient morbidity and mortality. Recently, the use of ipilimumab has improved over...
Effects of Musical Stimuli on Creativity

Three standard measures of creativity, the Holtzman Inkblot Test, the Barron-Welsh Art Scale, and the Alternate Uses Test, were administered to 142 undergraduate male and female subjects. The subjects were divided into 16 groups according to sex, four types of musical stimuli (MUZAK, classical, modern, and no music), and two types of recruitment for the study (volunteer and coerced). Analysis of variance of the main effects of music, recruitment, and sex on the three measures of creativity indicated no significant differences. However, volunteer subjects did score higher on all three tests. Pearson product moment coefficients of correlation among the test measures showed little reliability.
Generic redescription, seven new species and a key to the Taphura Stål, 1862 (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Cicadetttinae: Taphurini)

The Neotropical cicada genus Taphura Stal, 1862 is redescribed. Taphura attiguclava n. sp., Taphura cernuunca n. sp., Taphura crispula n. sp., Taphura demissa n. sp., Taphura dolabella n. sp., Taphura lanceola n. sp., and Taphura maccagnani n. sp. are described and illustrated. A summary of the 17 current species of Taphura along with the synonymic history and distribution of each species is provided. The first records of T. boulardi Sanborn, 2011 for Surinam, T. hastifera (Walker, 1858) for Bolivia and Ecuador, T. misella (Stal, 1854) for Bolivia and French Guiana, T. nitida (Degeer, 1773) for French Guiana, and T. sauliensis Boulard, 1971 for Ecuador and Trinidad & Tobago are provided. Finally, a key to the known species is provided.
Impact of Competing Risk of Mortality on Association of Cognitive Impairment With Risk of Hip Fracture in Older Women

Previous studies examining the association of cognitive impairment and dementia with fracture outcomes in older adults have usually used standard approaches that did not take into account the competing risk of mortality. However, ignoring mortality may not provide accurate estimates of risk of fracture because dementia in older adults strongly predicts death, making mortality a competing risk. A total of 1491 women (mean age 87.6 years) participating in the prospective Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) Year 20 exam were cognitively assessed and followed to ascertain vital status (deaths verified by death certificates) and hip fractures (confirmed by radiographic reports). Cognitive status was categorized as normal, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or dementia, based on a standardized evaluation. Absolute probability of hip fracture by category of cognitive function was estimated using traditional Kaplan-Meier method and cumulative incidence function accounting for competing mortality risk. Risk of hip fracture by cognitive function category was determined using conventional Cox proportional hazards regression and subdistribution hazards models with death as a competing risk. During an average follow-up of 5.6 years, 139 (9.3%) women experienced a hip fracture and 990 (66.4%) died before experiencing this outcome. Among women with dementia, the risk of hip fracture was 11.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.3-17.2) at 5 years and 18.6% (95% CI 9.1-30.9) at 10 years using traditional survival analysis versus 7.9% (95% CI 5.1-11.6) at 5 years and 8.8% (95% CI 5.8-12.8) at 9.8 years using a competing risk approach. Results were similar for women with MCI. Women with MCI and dementia have a higher risk of hip fractures than women with normal cognition. However, not taking into account the competing risk of mortality significantly overestimates the risk of hip fracture in women in the ninth and tenth decades of life with cognitive impairment. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The use of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope in the evaluation of amblyopia (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis).

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate amblyopic patients with scanning laser ophthalmoscope microperimetry to determine whether the scanning laser ophthalmoscope data provide useful information in our understanding of amblyopia and assess its utility in the evaluation of amblyopic patients. METHODS In this retrospective case-series, clinical data of 46 patients with amblyopia were examined after treatment for anisometropic or strabismic amblyopia. Ten normal patients served as controls. All patients were tested with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, evaluating for the presence of macular scotomata. Scanning laser ophthalmoscope findings were assessed within each group and between groups. RESULTS A macular scotoma was found in the amblyopic eye of 25 of 26 anisometropic amblyopic patients and all 20 strabismic amblyopia patients. Twenty of 26 patients with anisometropic amblyopia had a relative scotoma in the nonamblyopic eye. All 20 patients with strabismic amblyopia had a nonamblyopic eye scotoma. None of the control patients had a scotoma in either eye. Several clinical features were correlated to scotoma findings within and between groups. CONCLUSIONS The scanning laser ophthalmoscope proved to be a useful tool for the assessment of some features of amblyopia. A scotoma was identified in not only the amblyopic eye of all but one of the amblyopic patients, but also in almost all of the nonamblyopic, presumably "normal" eyes. Thus, ocular effects of amblyopia may not be strictly limited to the amblyopic eye.
A pilot longitudinal study of anti-Müllerian hormone levels throughout gestation in low risk pregnancy.

Background Anti-Mϋllerian hormone (AMH) plays an important role regulating ovarian sensitivity to follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in folliculogenesis. Anti-Mϋllerian hormone is well established as a biomarker of ovarian reserve but may also have utility in predicting pregnancy outcomes. Few studies have described AMH levels in pregnancy and, among those that have, most have used cross-sectional study designs and are limited to participants seeking fertility treatment. Our aim was to analyze AMH longitudinally in low-risk pregnancies. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at Baystate Medical Center, a large tertiary care hospital in Springfield, MA, USA. We recruited women (n = 30) with low risk, singleton pregnancies, aged 18 to 35 years, with BMI between 18 and 40 kg/m2, and without preexisting disease. Anti-Mϋllerian hormone (pmol/L) was measured in plasma samples collected at 5 prenatal care visits throughout gestation. Results Anti-Mϋllerian hormone levels varied significantly over gestation (Friedman's analysis of variance, P value < .0001). At gestational weeks 7 to 10, average AMH was 36.7 pmol/L (standard error = 8.1) and at weeks 34 to 37 was 9.5 pmol/L (standard error = 1.9). Initial AMH varied between women, and an overall significant log-linear decline was observed. Conclusions Anti-Mϋllerian hormone varies between women and declines exponentially during pregnancy. The biological mechanism of the heterogeneity of AMH decline over gestation is unclear. Future studies evaluating AMH throughout pregnancy that also assess gravid health and pregnancy outcomes are warranted.
Computational Commerce: A Vision for the Future

The proliferation of goods and services offered online and the growing number of e-consumers are catalysts for the ongoing burgeoning of e-commerce. Many industries have adopted e-commerce technologies to optimize and automate business processes. Despite the co-dependent relation between fundamental e-commerce components—negotiation, contracts, and business workflow—research and development is greatly done in isolation, conveying divergent and disconnected technologies. We provide a vision of the future of e-commerce along with a model of decentralized computation exchange—grounded on the COAST architectural style—which consolidates negotiation, contracts, and business workflow.
Examining the Handicap System

In the year 1654 two gentlemen who were playing at a game of chance were interrupted, and the game was not completed. They asked the famous French mathematician Blaise Pascal to determine from the state of the game when they left the table a fair distribution of their wagers. Pascal wrote a letter to another French mathematician, Pierre Fermat, telling him of this problem. Each solved it, though in different ways. The mathematical theory of probability developed from their work.
SIMULATED MASS SPECTROMETER USING MICROPROCESSOR TECHNOLOGY AND A GAS CHROMATOGRAPH

ABSTRACT A sampling device which simulates a respiratory mass spectrometer ( Begin, 1975 ; Hall, 1973 ; Sackner, 1975 ) using microprocessor technology and a gas Chromatograph has been developed. The device has the advantages of being less expensive, readily adapatible for the measurement of multiple gases, and offers the ability to detect concentrations smaller then commerically available mass spectrometers.
KCNJ11 MUTATION IN ONE FAMILY IS ASSOCIATED WITH ADULT-ONSET RATHER THAN NEONATAL-ONSET DIABETES MELLITUS

Objective: To present a case of adult-onset familial diabetes mellitus in which a genetic etiology typical for neonatal diabetes was identified. Methods: We conducted whole-exome and Sanger sequenc...
Simulating the performance of switched diversity with post-examining selection

Switched diversity is a solution to random attenuation of a signal due to fading channel distortion. It uses 2 or more identical branches, or antennas, to monitor the received signal. The main assumption is that the branches are uncorrelated. Switched diversity uses a switching threshold that is the criterion for an acceptable received signal path. In a traditional switched diversity scheme, if no acceptable path meets the threshold criterion, one is chosen randomly. We will look into a modified hybrid switched/selection scheme proposed in a separate paper by Yang and Alouini. This scheme will help the receiver pick the best path in conditions where all of the channel conditions are poor. The proposed scheme, as proposed by Yang and Alouini, is called switch and examine combining with post-examining selection (SECps), which is a variant of switch and examine combining (SEC). We take the theoretical findings from Yang and Alouini’s paper and use MATLAB to validate the simulation against the closed form equations for DBPSK and Noncoherent demodulated FSK.
Blues ghosts in the Black Mecca: Appropriation and erasure in Helena, Arkansas

Helena, Arkansas, was incorporated in 1833. The Mississippi River Delta city isn’t a likely candidate for most people’s lists enumerating Black Meccas. Yet, Helena was a concentration point for Con...
Lens complications in uveitis

Inflammation affects all ocular tissues including the crystalline lens. Cataract formation, a potentially reversible cause of vision impairment, is one of the most common complications seen in all forms of uveitic diseases. This chapter explores the factors contributing to cataractogenesis, the surgical indications, preoperative considerations, intraoperative surgical techniques, and postoperative complications and management.
Spinal Epidural Abscess

Spinal epidural abscess is an uncommon and serious infection resulting from direct extension of a local process or hematogenous spread from an antecedent or ongoing distant focus of infection. The findings of spinal ache, tenderness, and fever should suggest the diagnosis, and the appearance of weakness and loss of sensation below the area of pain should be considered as the strongest possible clinical confirmation. In cases in which this constellation of findings occurs, rapid evaluation and immediate surgical decompression and drainage offer the patient a possible successful functional recovery. Even in recent series, permanent paralysis and death occur with unfortunate frequency, and these have usually been related to delay in diagnosis and definitive surgical therapy.
Highly accurate classification of biological spores by culture medium for forensic attribution using multiple chemical signature types and machine learning

Future proliferation of biological expertise and new technology may increasingly lower the difficulty to produce biological organisms for misuse. Rapid attribution of a biological attack is needed to quickly identify the person or lab responsible and prevent additional attacks by enabling the apprehension of suspects. Here, triplicate batches of Bacillus anthracis Sterne strain (BaSt) spores were grown in a total of seven amateur and professional media. Multiple orthogonal analytical signatures (peptides, metabolites, lipids by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis, bulk organic profile, and trace elements) were collected from the BaSt spores. The proteomics and metabolomics analyses identified promising attribution signature compounds that are unique to each of the seven production methods. In addition, while each of the signature types showed varying degrees of value individually for attributing BaSt spores to the culture medium used to prepare them, fusing results from all five signatures types to increase sourcing robustness and using a random forest sourcing algorithm yielded 100% hold-one-batch-out cross-validation classification accuracy and an average relative source probability for the correct source 5.5× higher than the most probable incorrect source. These preliminary results provide a proof-of-concept for the development of forensic examinations that can attribute biological agents to production methods for use in future investigations.
Defining Epidermal Stem Cell Fate Infidelity and Immunogenicity in Hidradenitis Suppurativa at the Single-Cell Resolution

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a severe chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting human apocrine sweat gland-bearing skin regions. One unique feature of HS is the development of keratinized sinus tracts that grow extensively deep in the dermis and are highly immunogenic. Here, we demonstrated that the stem cell fate infidelity exists in the HS sinus tracts, which exhibit features of both surface epidermis and appendages. Using single cell transcriptome analyses, we finely dissected different compartments of the HS epithelium and identified their respective changes in cytokine expression during disease progression and the critical interactions with the immune cells. Together, our work provides advanced understanding of the pathological epidermal remodeling and important implications for HS therapeutics.
An improved urban cellular automata model by using the trend-adjusted neighborhood

Cellular automata (CA)-based models have been extensively used in urban sprawl modeling. Presently, most studies focused on the improvement of spatial representation in the modeling, with limited efforts for considering the temporal context of urban sprawl. In this paper, we developed a Logistic-Trend-CA model by proposing a trend-adjusted neighborhood as a weighting factor using the information of historical urban sprawl and integrating this factor in the commonly used Logistic-CA model. We applied the developed model in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of China and analyzed the model performance to the start year, the suitability surface, and the neighborhood size. Our results indicate the proposed Logistic-Trend-CA model outperforms the traditional Logistic-CA model significantly, resulting in about 18% and 14% improvements in modeling urban sprawl at medium (1 km) and fine (30 m) resolutions, respectively. The proposed Logistic-Trend-CA model is more suitable for urban sprawl modeling over a long temporal interval than the traditional Logistic-CA model. In addition, this new model is not sensitive to the suitability surface calibrated from different periods and spaces, and its performance decreases with the increase of the neighborhood size. The proposed model shows potential for modeling future urban sprawl spanning a long period at regional and global scales.
A Multifidelity Ensemble Kalman Filter with Reduced Order Control Variates

This work develops a new multifidelity ensemble Kalman filter (MFEnKF) algorithm based on linear control variate framework. The approach allows for rigorous multifidelity extensions of the EnKF, where the uncertainty in coarser fidelities in the hierarchy of models represent control variates for the uncertainty in finer fidelities. Small ensembles of high fidelity model runs are complemented by larger ensembles of cheaper, lower fidelity runs, to obtain much improved analyses at only small additional computational costs. We investigate the use of reduced order models as coarse fidelity control variates in the MFEnKF, and provide analyses to quantify the improvements over the traditional ensemble Kalman filters. We apply these ideas to perform data assimilation with a quasi-geostrophic test problem, using direct numerical simulation and a corresponding POD-Galerkin reduced order model. Numerical results show that the two-fidelity MFEnKF provides better analyses than existing EnKF algorithms at comparable or reduced computational costs.
Streamlining data-intensive biology with workflow systems

As the scale of biological data generation has increased, the bottleneck of research has shifted from data generation to analysis. Researchers commonly need to build computational workflows that include multiple analytic tools and require incremental development as experimental insights demand tool and parameter modifications. These workflows can produce hundreds to thousands of intermediate files and results that must be integrated for biological insight. Data-centric workflow systems that internally manage computational resources, software, and conditional execution of analysis steps are reshaping the landscape of biological data analysis and empowering researchers to conduct reproducible analyses at scale. Adoption of these tools can facilitate and expedite robust data analysis, but knowledge of these techniques is still lacking. Here, we provide a series of strategies for leveraging workflow systems with structured project, data, and resource management to streamline large-scale biological analysis. We present these practices in the context of high-throughput sequencing data analysis, but the principles are broadly applicable to biologists working beyond this field.
Dynamic Heterogeneous Voltage Regulation for Systolic Array-Based DNN Accelerators

With the growing performance and wide application of deep neural networks (DNNs), recent years have seen enormous efforts on DNN accelerator hardware design for platforms from mobile devices to data centers. The systolic array has been a popular architectural choice for many proposed DNN accelerators with hundreds to thousands of processing elements (PEs) for parallel computing. Systolic array-based DNN accelerators for datacenter applications have high power consumption and nonuniform workload distribution, which makes power delivery network (PDN) design challenging. Server-class multicore processors have benefited from distributed on-chip voltage regulation and heterogeneous voltage regulation (HVR) for improving energy efficiency while guaranteeing power delivery integrity. This paper presents the first work on HVR-based PDN architecture and control for systolic array-based DNN accelerators. We propose to employ a PDN architecture comprising heterogeneous on-chip and off-chip voltage regulators and multiple power domains. By analyzing patterns of typical DNN workloads via a modeling framework, we propose a DNN workload-aware dynamic PDN control policy to maximize system energy efficiency while ensuring power integrity. We demonstrate significant energy efficiency improvements brought by the proposed PDN architecture, dynamic control, and power gating, which lead to a more than five-fold reduction of leakage energy and PDN energy overhead for systolic array DNN accelerators.
An assessment of the value of principal component analysis for photovoltaic IV trace classification of physically-induced failures

Principal component analysis (PCA) reduces dimensionality by generating uncorrelated variables and improves the interpretability of the sample space. This analysis focused on assessing the value of PCA for improving the classification accuracy of failures within current-voltage (IV) traces. Our results show that combining PCA with random forests improves classification by only ∼1% (bringing the accuracy to >99%), compared to a baseline of only random forests (without PCA) of >98%. The inclusion of PCA, however, does provide an opportunity to study an interesting representation of all of the features on a single, two-dimensional feature space. A visualization of the first two principal components (similar to IV profile but rotated) captures how the inclusion of a current differential feature causes a notable separation between failure modes due to their effect on the slope. This work continues the discussion of generating different ways of extracting information from the IV curve, which can help with failure classification - especially for failures that only exhibit marginal profile changes in IV curves.
Ending the War on Drugs Is an Essential Step Toward Racial Justice.

The United States’ long-running “War on Drugs” has been a dramatic failure. By adopting a punitive mindset centered on prohibition, government officials have demonstrated that control—not public he...
Evolutionary dynamics

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Taking the time for our bodies: How wearables can be used to assess circadian physiology

Consumer wearables, such as smart watches, are a promising tool for monitoring circadian health in "real world" settings. Bowman et al. demonstrate that circadian signals can be accurately captured through heart rate data obtained from wearables, opening up new possibilities for population-level studies on heart rate and circadian rhythm.
Incorporation of dietary lipids and fatty acids into red drum Sciaenops ocellatus eggs.

Abstract Embryonic and early larval development and metabolism are fueled entirely by maternally derived nutritional resources (yolk and oil) before the onset of exogenous feeding. Composition of these maternally derived nutrients depends partly on maternal diet. Diet-egg relationships for fatty acids are well described for some species, but little is known about lipid transfer to eggs. To examine the effects of maternal diet on the egg composition, we fed adult red drum Sciaenops ocellatus six different diets, and measured lipid class and fatty acid composition of eggs they produced. Egg lipid class profiles remained relatively stable with only subtle differences in the concentrations of several lipid classes. Neutral lipid classes (wax ester/steryl ester (WE/SE), triglyceride (TG), sterol) varied more than polar lipid classes, with egg TG content being directly related to TG content of maternal diets. Dietary variations rapidly affected fatty acid composition of all major lipid classes in eggs (TG, WE/SE, phosphatidylcholine), with greater effects on neutral lipids than on the polar lipid. Results suggest a degree of maternal control over the provisioning of lipids as structural components (phospholipids) and energy substrates (neutral lipids), which may ensure proper development of larvae. But, egg fatty acid composition within lipid classes is more variable, and this may have consequences for larval survival and performance. This study also suggests that the pathways of maternal-offspring nutrient transfer are likely different for neutral and polar lipids.
Plenary lecture VI: heterogeneous reconfigurable chip multiprocessors for embedded systems

Chip multiprocessing has recently become a common practice in processor design. With ever increasing concerns for energy consumption, performance-energy trade-offs are often necessary, especially in the design of real-time embedded systems. Multiprocessor heterogeneity is a successful design paradigm for high performance and energy conservation with embedded systems. Performance and energy analyses will be presented for an in-house developed FPGA - based mixed-mode heterogeneous chip multiprocessor, where the SIMD (Single-Instruction, Multiple-Data) and MIMD (Multiple-Instruction, Multiple-Data) parallel computing modes can be realized simultaneously or distinctly. The presented performance-energy trade-off techniques are based on the observation that SIMD and MIMD tasks involve substantially different amounts of computation and communication with different execution time and energy behaviors. Experimental results on Xilinx FPGAs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. To conserve space and power as well as to incorporate dynamic adaptability in embedded systems, it is important to utilize hardware components as best as possible. The hardware customization of application kernels reduces the execution time and potentially the power consumption. Reconfiguring the same hardware to facilitate various customized kernels as execution proceeds greatly reduces the space requirements. When the kernel execution is carefully scheduled considering also the reconfiguration overheads, the obtained performance gain can offset such overheads. A policy and experiments will be presented of customizing and reconfiguring multiprocessor hardware for embedded benchmark kernels implemented on FPGAs. The results reveal substantial performance improvement and resource conservation.
Genre as Reflection of Technology in the World-Wide Web

The World-Wide Web has greatly increased the number of hypermedia designers and practitioners—the people who read and write, and otherwise use, hypermedia in their day-to-day activities. Through practice, they have developed new communicative forms: a set of hypermedia document genres. We examine the genres that are arising on the World-Wide Web as a foil for discussing the interaction between hypermedia design practice, hypermedia technology, and the types of hyperdocuments that evolve. The Web creates a particularly fertile environment for looking at such interactions, since the technology is familiar, examples abound, and evolution is rapid.
Structure of the Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus: Polypeptides and Glycoproteins

The polypeptide and glycoprotein compositions of the mouse mammary tumor virus virion from primary monolayer cultures of BALB/cfC3H mouse mammary tumor cells were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by using internal and external labeling and Coomassie blue and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining. Twelve polypeptides were reproducibly resolved by the combined methods. Five major polypeptides were demonstrable with estimated molecular weights of 52,000, 36,000, 28,000, 14,000, and 10,000. Seven minor polypeptides were also consistently detected and had estimated molecular weights of 70,000, 60,000, 46,000, 38,000, 30,000, 22,000, and 17,000. Carbohydrate was associated with five of these polypeptides as measured by PAS stain or [(3)H] glucosamine labeling, or both. These glycoproteins had estimated molecular weights of 70,000, 60,000, 52,000, 36,000 and 10,000. The majority of the PAS stain and glucosamine was found in the 52,000 and 36,000 dalton peaks.
Shaking It Up: Deconstructing Self and Other in an International Classroom.

This chapter describes a pedagogy for enlisting international diversity on campus to “shake up” understanding of self and other in a half Asian/half American international classroom. Results from the practice are presented, along with suggestions for future adaptations in a range of settings.
Abstract P373: Predictors of Statin Use for Primary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Community Health Centers

Background: Guidelines emphasize using cardiovascular (CVD) risk to guide statin prescribing. However, drivers of statin use for primary prevention are unknown. We aimed to identify predictors of statin use in a clinical trial of a CVD risk communication intervention. Methods: We used randomized trial data from 10 community health centers in Illinois and Arizona that utilized telephone and mailed outreach with individualized CVD risk messages to participants without CVD or diabetes and a 10-year Framingham coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ≥10%. Statin discussion was assessed at 6 months by blinded chart review and statin prescription was assessed at 12 months through the electronic health record. We used logistic regressions to determine predictors of statin discussion and prescription. Results: We analyzed 646 trial participants: 89% male, mean age 59.8 ± 9.5 years. Statin discussion occurred in 19% (125/646) and statin prescription occurred in 12% (78/646) of participants. 10-year CHD risk was not associated with statin discussion (OR 1.10 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 0.91-1.33) but was associated with statin prescription (OR 1.40 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 1.13-1.74) in univariate models. Total cholesterol and antihypertensive medication use were independently associated with statin discussion after adjusting for traditional CVD risk factors, OR 1.48 per 1 SD increase (95% CI 1.18-1.86) and OR 3.80 (95% CI 2.43-5.95), respectively. Total cholesterol and anti-hypertensive medication use were also independently associated with statin prescription, OR 1.96 per 1 SD increase (95% CI 1.51-2.55) and OR 4.03 (95% CI 2.39-6.79), respectively. Other major drivers of risk (i.e. age and smoking) were not associated with statin prescribing in univariate and multivariate models (Table). Conclusions: Total cholesterol and antihypertensive medication use were principle drivers of statin use whereas other determinants of CVD risk were not. Further studies are needed to support risk-based frameworks to guide statin utilization.
Human acid sphingomyelinase. Isolation, nucleotide sequence and expression of the full-length and alternatively spliced cDNAs.

Two types of partial cDNAs encoding human acid sphingomyelinase (EC 3.1.4.12; ASM) were recently isolated from fibroblast and placental cDNA libraries (Quintern, L. E., Schuchman, E.H., Levran, O., Suchi. M., Ferlinz, K., Reinke, H., Sandhoff, K., and Desnick, R. J. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 2469-2473). The cDNA inserts had identical sequences with the exception of an internal region; type 1 cDNAs (representing approximately 90% of the ASM cDNAs isolated) had 172 in-frame base pairs (bp), which were replaced in the type 2 cDNAs by a 40-bp in-frame sequence. Northern hybridization and RNase protection studies indicated that both type 1 and 2 transcripts were approximately 2.5 kilobases; therefore, efforts were directed to isolate full-length type 1 and 2 cDNAs by screening human placental, testis, hepatoma, and retinal cDNA libraries. In addition to type 1 and 2 cDNAs, a new type of ASM cDNA (type 3), which did not contain the type 1- or 2-specific regions, was isolated and sequenced. The full-length type 1 and the reconstructed full-length type 2 and 3 cDNAs were transiently expressed in COS-1 cells. Only the full-length type 1 transcript encoded catalytically active human ASM, demonstrating its functional integrity. The 2347-bp full-length type 1 placental cDNA (pASM-1FL) had an 87-bp 5'-untranslated region, an 1890-bp open reading frame encoding 629 amino acids, and a 370-bp 3'-untranslated sequence. The predicted location of the signal peptide cleavage site was after alanine 46. Two base differences were identified in codons 322 and 506 and shown to be polymorphisms with the common alleles having frequencies of 0.6 and 0.7, respectively. To determine the genomic organization of the type 1, 2, and 3 sequences, a 1665-bp genomic region containing both the unique type 1 (172 bp) and type 2 (40 bp) sequences was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The 172-bp sequence was exonic, flanked by 5'- and 3'-intronic sequences of 1052 and 229 bp, respectively. The 40-bp type 2 sequence was intronic, occurring at the 5' end of the 1052-bp intron due to the use of a cryptic 5' donor splice site, which deleted the entire 172-bp exon and both flanking intronic sequences. The type 3 cDNA resulted from an alternative splicing event, which excised the 172-bp exon. These studies demonstrate the occurrence of alternatively splicing of the ASM transcript, but the existence of only one functional mRNA.
Randomized Shared Queues Applied to Distributed Optimization Algorithms

This paper presents a specification of a randomized shared queue that can lose some elements or return them out of order, and shows that the specification can be implemented with the probabilistic quorum algorithm of [5],[6]. Distributed algorithms that incorporate the producer-consumer style of interprocess communication are candidate applications for using random shared queues in lieu of the message queues. The modified algorithms will inherit positive attributes concerning load and availability from the underlying queue implementation. The behavior of a generic combinatorial optimization algorithm, when it is implemented using random queues, is analyzed.
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Navigation Using Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC)

In this paper, we implement a novel control strategy for navigation of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV). This strategy consisted in the development and implementation of the Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller (BELBIC) for heading, and path control of a UGV. BELBIC is an intelligent controller based on the model of the Amygdala-Orbitofrontal system of mammalians, which is a region in the brain known to be responsible for emotional learning process. Simulation of this controller for the cases of heading, and path control showed to be very robust and adaptable to dynamical changes in the plant. A comparison between BELBIC and a traditional PID control is presented to illustrate the performance of this control strategy.
Fitness Traits in Soil Bacteria

One function of soil bacteria is the structuring of the soil under a principle of reciprocity : while bacteria alter the parent rock and stabilize the aggregates (i.e., the basic units of the structure of soils), soil colonization by bacteria is a function of soil structure. In the bulk soil, the free diffusion of water, soluble nutrients and oxygen in the macropores creates other gradients between macropores and micropores. Studying the fitness traits of Pseudomonas fluorescens in soil, Stuart Levy and colleagues demonstrated the importance of the AdnA transcriptional factor in spreading of the bacterium in soil. Although in vivo expression technology (IVET) studies identify large numbers of sequences, assessing the relative importance of each gene requires more traditional genetic studies. An important example of adaptation by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, and subsequent selection of bacteria harboring those resistance genes. Soil is likely to be a reservoir of a range of antibiotic resistance genes. The environment is a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria which are capable of living free from a host and is likely to harbor many opportunistic pathogens. A good example is Burkholderia cepacia, a species formerly described as a rhizosphere inhabitant and a pathogen of onion, but which has more recently been isolated from patients suffering from cystic fibrosis.