cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Execution Dynamics of Scientific Workflows for Latency Minimization in Resource Sharing Environments

Many computation-intensive scientific applications feature complex workflows of distributed computing modules with intricate execution dependencies. Such scientific workflows must be mapped and executed in shared environments to support distributed scientific collaborations. We formulate workflow mapping as an optimization problem for latency minimization, whose difficulty essentially arises from the topological matching nature in the spatial domain, which is further compounded by the resource sharing complicacy in the temporal dimension. We conduct a rigorous analysis of the resource sharing dynamics in workflow executions, which constitutes the base for a workflow mapping algorithm to minimize the end-to-end delay. The correctness of the dynamics analysis is verified in comparison with an approximate solution, a dynamic system simulation program, and a real network deployment, and the performance superiority of the proposed mapping solution is illustrated by extensive comparisons with existing methods using both simulations and experiments.
Water Resources and American Federalism.

Few functions of the American Federal system seem less suited physically to state boundaries than the management of our water resources. The reason is readily apparent. Water flows according to drainage districts and not the riverbounded or rectilinear areas of the American states. Nevertheless, it takes more than topography to delineate the states or provinces of a nation; there are historical and constitutional factors to consider. Once provincial areas are established as states under a national constitution, and, such functions as water supply are assigned to these states, it is not only difficult but it may also be disruptive to withdraw such a function from them, even though physical facts and technological changes cry for this solution.
Effects of progesterone on experimental spinal cord injury

Progesterone has been proposed to be protective to the central nervous system following injury. This study assessed progesterone supplementation in the setting of contusional spinal cord injury in male and female rats. Short-term (5 days of either 4 or 8 mg/kg progesterone) and long-term (14 days of either 8 or 16 mg/kg progesterone) therapy failed to show any significant alteration in locomotor functioning and injury morphometrics after 21 days. This study does not support progesterone as a potential therapeutic agent in spinal cord injury.
Geochronology of the western and central Brooks Range, Alaska: Implications for the geologic evolution of the Anarraaq and Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag deposits

A compilation of published geochronology of rocks and minerals from the western and central Brooks Range provides a framework for understanding the complex history of the Brooks Range and northern Alaska. A simplified timeline of events comprises (1) Devonian extension, (2) Mississippian extension and Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization, (3) a passive interval, (4) pre-Brooks Range orogeny rock-formation and thermal event, (5) inception of Brooks Range orogeny, (6) exhumation and the end of main-stage deformation, and (7) subsequent episodic deformation. This compilation is supplemented by new 40Ar/39Ar dates of white mica from the Anarraaq and Red Dog Zn-Pb-Ag (+ barite) deposits from the western Brooks Range. The deposits are hosted in black shale and carbonate rocks of the Late Mississippian-Early Pennsylvanian Kuna Formation. Quartz-pyrite-white mica grains in sedimentary rocks above the Anarraaq deposit yield an age of 195.0 ± 2.0 Ma, and paragenetically late quartz-pyrite-white mica from the Main orebody at the Red Dog deposit has an age of 126.1 ± 0.7 Ma. These white micas are much younger than the age of Zn-Pb-Ag mineralization at Red Dog (338 ± 5.8 Ma Re-Os age of pyrite). The date for white mica from Anarraaq (~195 Ma) appears to be related to a large-scale thermal event in the region immediately before the inception of the Brooks Range orogeny. The white mica from the Red Dog deposit (~126 Ma) correlates with the later stages of the orogeny, a period of blueschist metamorphism, extension, and rapid exhumation, which varied with geographic location. These dates suggest that the Red Dog deposits underwent significant hydrothermal overprinting during multiple episodes of the Brooks Range orogeny.
The quasicrystalline transformation in the AlCr system

Amorphous Al80Cr20 films were made by coevaporation and by room temperature ion irradiation of the coevaporated films. The amorphous phase was transformed into the quasicrystalline state through two routes: thermal and ion beam assisted anneal. The intensity of the quasicrystalline electron diffraction pattern increases continuously within the annealing temperature range from 547°to 607°C. The starting state of the films (as-deposited or ion-irradiated codeposited) had no effect on the thermal transformation to the quasicrystalline state. Ion irradiation of the amorphous phase at 200°C produces a more complete set of icosahedral diffraction lines. Icosahedral AlCr has the same reciprocal lattice spacings as icosahedral AlMn.
Positron and electron energy bands in several ionic crystals using restricted Hartree-Fock method

Abstract Using a restricted Hartree-Fock formalism and suitably localized and symmetrized wave functions, both the positron and electron energy bands were calculated for NaF, MgO and NiO. The lowest positron state at Γ 1 lies above the vacuum level and negative work functions are predicted. Positron annihilation rates were calculated and found to be in good agreement with measured lifetimes.
Dummy fill density analysis with coupling constraints

In modern VLSI manufacturing processes, dummy fills are widely used to adjust local metal density in order to improve layout uniformity and yield optimization. However, the introduction of a large amount of dummy features also affects wire electrical properties. In this paper, we propose the first Coupling constrained Dummy Fill (CDF) analysis algorithm which identifies feasible locations for dummy fills such that the fill induced coupling capacitance can be bounded within the given coupling threshold of each wire segment. The algorithm also makes efforts to maximize ground dummy fills, which are more robust and predictable. The output of the algorithm can be treated as the upper bound for dummy fill insertion, and it can be easily adopted in density models to guide dummy fill insertion without disturbing the existing design.
Research Applications using Pigs

The pig has proven to be a valuable model for biomedical research. Physiologic, anatomic, and pathologic similarities between pigs and humans create numerous research applications using the pig. Recent changes in the pork industry have created the need for research with direct applications to commercial pork production. The pig is a valuable research resource and will continue to be important in various research programs.
Human jejunal unstirred layer: evidence for extremely efficient luminal stirring

Previous studies employing the osmotic transient technique have suggested that the human jejunal lumen is poorly stirred with a resultant unstirred layer thickness of approximately 600 microns. However, assuming negligible epithelial resistance to glucose absorption, we recently estimated that the unstirred layer thickness seemingly could not exceed 48 microns in the human jejunum. Because disaccharidases are located on the brush border, the rate of disaccharide hydrolysis can be used to determine unstirred layer thickness, independent of epithelial transport. In the present report, we utilized published hydrolysis data for sucrose and maltose to calculate the unstirred layer thickness in the normal human jejunum. This calculation indicated that the unstirred layer thickness was only approximately 35 microns, less than one-fifteenth of previously reported 600-microns values obtained with the osmotic transient technique. Diffusion through a 600-microns unstirred layer would be the rate-limiting step in absorption of all rapidly transported compounds. In contrast, with a 35-microns unstirred layer, variations in epithelial function or luminal stirring could readily influence the absorption.
Numerical Simulations of the Kolsky Compression Bar Test

The Kolsky compression bar, or split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB), is an ex- perimental apparatus used to obtain the stress-strain response of material specimens at strain rates in the order of 10 2 to 10 4 1/s. Its operation and associated data re- duction are based on principles of one-dimensional wave propagation in rods. Second order effects such as indentation of the bars by the specimen and wave dispersion in the bars, however, can significantly affect aspects of the measured material response. Finite element models of the experimental apparatus were used here to demonstrate these two effects. A procedure proposed by Safa and Gary (2010) to account for bar indentation was also evaluated and shown to improve the estimation of the strain in the bars significantly. The use of pulse shapers was also shown to alleviate the effects of wave dispersion. Combining the two can lead to more reliable results in Kolsky compression bar testing.
Appearance of Meningioma on 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT: Correlation with MRI

On brain perfusion SPECT, a primary brain lesion presents as a localized defect that corresponds to the mass lesion. (99m)Tc-HMPAO images generally show a focal defect in the region of abnormality, whether containing necrotic tissue, recurrent tumor, or both. Further characterization with MR imaging is needed to confirm the diagnosis, as demonstrated in this case report.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy biopsy derived proteomic patterns predict indeterminate colitis into ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis.

Patients with indeterminate colitis (IC) are significantly younger at diagnosis with onset of symptoms before the age of 18 years with significant morbidity in the interim. The successful care of IC is based on microscopic visual predict precision of eventual ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s colitis (CC) which is not offered in 15%-30% of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients even after a combined state-of-the-art classification system of clinical, visual endoscopic, radiologic and histologic examination. These figures have not changed over the past 3 decades despite the introduction of newer diagnostic modalities. The patient outcomes after restorative proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis may be painstaking if IC turns into CC. Our approach is aiming at developing a single sensitive and absolute accurate diagnostic test tool during the first clinic visit through endoscopic biopsy derived proteomic patterns. Matrix-assisted-laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and/or imaging MS technologies permit a histology-directed cellular test of endoscopy biopsy which identifies phenotype specific proteins, as biomarker that would assist clinicians more accurately delineate IC as being either a UC or CC or a non-IBD condition. These novel studies are underway on larger cohorts and are highly innovative with significances in differentiating a UC from CC in patients with IC and could lend mechanistic insights into IBD pathogenesis.
Consent Issues in Genetic Research: Views of Research Participants.

Background: With the arrival of large-scale population-based genomic research studies, such as the Precision Medicine Initiative (PMI), the question of how to best consent participants is significant, and in an era of patient-centered research, few studies have evaluated participants' preferences about re-consent and broad consent. Using quantitative methods, this study evaluates participants' views regarding the acceptability of re-consent and broad consent in subjects from the Participant Issues Project. Methods: A total of 450 participants were recruited from a cancer genetics registry, including cancer patients, their relatives, and controls. Participants completed a secure online survey. Results: Most participants endorsed re-consent when investigating an unrelated health condition or sharing their de-identified data with an investigator at a different institution. Notification rather than re-consent was preferred when studying a different gene but the same disease. Over 80% of respondents endorsed re-consent when parents of a child gave the original consent and the child has now reached adulthood. Preferences for some scenarios varied by history of cancer at baseline, gender, stage of cancer, or case versus control group. The large majority of participants preferred the option to select broad consent categories of research. Conclusion: Understanding research participants' preferences, including their views on the need for re-consent, are critical to the success of the PMI.
Confronting Confrontation in Clinical Supervision: An Analytical Autoethnography

Through an analytic autoethnography, the authors detail an experience of confrontation within the context of supervision of supervision. In the coconstructed narrative, the authors describe the events taking place before, during, and after the confrontation experience from the perspective of both the faculty supervisor and beginning doctoral-level supervisor. Finally, the authors provide an analysis of the narrative based in supervisory models and theories of change.
Convolutional neural network approach for enhanced capture of breast parenchymal complexity patterns associated with breast cancer risk

We assess the feasibility of a parenchymal texture feature fusion approach, utilizing a convolutional neural network (ConvNet) architecture, to benefit breast cancer risk assessment. Hypothesizing that by capturing sparse, subtle interactions between localized motifs present in two-dimensional texture feature maps derived from mammographic images, a multitude of texture feature descriptors can be optimally reduced to five meta-features capable of serving as a basis on which a linear classifier, such as logistic regression, can efficiently assess breast cancer risk. We combine this methodology with our previously validated lattice-based strategy for parenchymal texture analysis and we evaluate the feasibility of this approach in a case-control study with 424 digital mammograms. In a randomized split-sample setting, we optimize our framework in training/validation sets (N=300) and evaluate its descriminatory performance in an independent test set (N=124). The discriminatory capacity is assessed in terms of the the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC). The resulting meta-features exhibited strong classification capability in the test dataset (AUC = 0.90), outperforming conventional, non-fused, texture analysis which previously resulted in an AUC=0.85 on the same case-control dataset. Our results suggest that informative interactions between localized motifs exist and can be extracted and summarized via a fairly simple ConvNet architecture.
TWELVE MONTH FOLLOW-UP DATA FROM THE ONYX CORE TRIAL: ANGIOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL PERFORMANCE OF NEXT GENERATION RESOLUTE ONYX DRUG-ELUTING STENT

Background: The goal of the RESOLUTE ONYX Core trial was to evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of the Resolute OnyxTM zotarolimus-eluting stent (ZES, Medtronic). The Resolute Onyx ZES is composed of a composite wire material with an outer shell of the same cobalt chromium alloy as its
Decoupling co-existing surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in a nanowire plasmonic waveguide for quantitative mode analysis

Knowledge of surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes in one-dimensional (1D) metallic nanostructures is essential for the development of subwavelength optical devices such as photonic circuits, integrated light sources, and photodetectors. Despite many efforts to characterize the propagation parameters of these subwavelength 1D plasmonic waveguides, such as Ag nanowires, large discrepancies exist among available reports owing to their sensitivity to the relative weights of co-existing SPP modes and the lack of a method of decoupling these modes and analyzing them separately. In this work, we develop an interference method to distinguish different SPP modes that are simultaneously excited in a Ag nanowire waveguide and measure their propagation parameters separately. By extracting information from the propagation-distancedependent intensity oscillations of the scattered light from the nanowire tip, the effective refractive indices, propagation lengths, and relative mode weights of co-existing SPP modes supported by the nanowire are derived from a mode interference model. These parameters depend strongly on the nanowire diameter and excitation wavelength. In particular, we demonstrate the possibility of selective excitation of different SPP modes by varying the nanowire diameter. This new mode analysis technique provides unique insights into the development and optimization of SPP-based applications.
Re-imagining multicultural education: new visions, new possibilities*

AbstractIn this article, Sonia Nieto reflects on the heretofore known history of multicultural education since its beginnings in the early 1970s, with a focus in the United States. She then reviews what has been missing from this rendering and suggests what it might mean, in the current sociopolitical context, to imagine new possibilities for the field, including new voices, new visions, and new contexts. Using her research and that of others, she then explores what it would mean to re-imagine multicultural education in a global context for students, teachers, families, schools, and nations.
Sufi narratives of intimacy: Ibn ‘Arabi, gender, and sexuality

Islamophobia perhaps manifests nowhere more acutely than in discussions of gender. The liberation of women is often a trope paraded out to justify military intervention and continued colonial viole...
Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Hydrocarbons

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide was studied by rare earth compound catalysts, hybrid catalysts and Fe-Cu catalysts in order to convert carbon dioxide to fuel. Methanation of carbon dioxide was carried out by using rare earth metal alloys at 200-400° under 1-5MPa. The order of activity was LaNi 5 »LaNi 4 Cr>Ni>LaNi 4 Al. Methane was obtained in high yield (93%) and in rapid reaction (STY = 890 mol/l.h). It was observed that LaNi 5 changed to metallic Ni and amorphous La 2 O 3 during reaction from XRD analysis. Next, hydrocarbons (C 1 to C 5 ) were obtained in 16% by using hydrid catalyst composed of Cu-Zn-Cr and zeolite HY at 400° via methanol. Longer hydrocarbons (C 1 ∼C 8 ) were also obtained in 43% yield by using Fe-Cu catalyst at 400° under 5MPa.
The Cod and the Whale: Melville in the Time of Extinction

This essay tracks the interrelated histories of the cod and the whale from John Smith’s colonial American vision of abundance to the near disappearance of the living resources he described as inexhaustible. Working at the intersections of animal studies, food studies, and the environmental humanities—and considering cultural artifacts from Smith’s tracts and Herman Melville’s fiction to Cheryl Savageau’s poetry and the underwater sculpture of Jason deCaires Taylor—the essay reads the commodification and consumption of these creatures as constitutive elements of an extinction-producing economy. Within this reading, the cod and the whale appear as exemplary figures not only for the important distinction between the edible and the exotic animal—wild food and wildlife—but also for the larger historical relation between “animal capital” and mass extinction.
Evaluation of a Low-Cost Bubble CPAP System Designed for Resource-Limited Settings

BACKGROUND: Respiratory compromise is a leading contributor to global neonatal death. CPAP is a method of treatment that helps maintain lung volume during expiration, promotes comfortable breathing, and improves oxygenation. Bubble CPAP is an effective alternative to standard CPAP. We sought to determine the reliability and functionality of a low-cost bubble CPAP device designed for low-resource settings. METHODS: The low-cost bubble CPAP device was compared to a commercially available bubble CPAP system. The devices were connected to a lung simulator that simulated neonates of 4 different weights with compromised respiratory mechanics (∼1, ∼3, ∼5, and ∼10 kg). The devices9 abilities to establish and maintain pressure and flow under normal conditions as well as under conditions of leak were compared. Multiple combinations of pressure levels (5, 8, and 10 cm H2O) and flow levels (3, 6, and 10 L/min) were tested. The endurance of both devices was also tested by running the systems continuously for 8 h and measuring the changes in pressure and flow. RESULTS: Both devices performed equivalently during the no-leak and leak trials. While our testing revealed individual differences that were statistically significant and clinically important (>10% difference) within specific CPAP and flow-level settings, no overall comparisons of CPAP or flow were both statistically significant and clinically important. Each device delivered pressures similar to the desired pressures, although the flows delivered by both machines were lower than the set flows in most trials. During the endurance trials, the low-cost device was marginally better at maintaining pressure, while the commercially available device was better at maintaining flow. CONCLUSIONS: The low-cost bubble CPAP device evaluated in this study is comparable to a bubble CPAP system used in developed settings. Extensive clinical trials, however, are necessary to confirm its effectiveness.
A Major Population of Functional KLRG1– ILC2s in Female Lungs Contributes to a Sex Bias in ILC2 Numbers

Humans show significant sex differences in the incidence and severity of respiratory diseases, including asthma and virus infection. Sex hormones contribute to the female sex bias in type 2 inflammation associated with respiratory diseases, consistent with recent reports that female lungs harbor greater numbers of GATA-3–dependent group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). In this study, we determined whether sex hormone levels govern sex differences in the numbers, phenotype, and function of ILC2s in the murine lung and bone marrow (BM). Our data show that lungs of female mice harbor significantly greater ILC2 numbers in homeostasis, in part due to a major subset of ILC2s lacking killer-cell lectin like receptor G1 (KLRG1), a population largely absent in male lungs. The KLRG1− ILC2s were capable of type 2 cytokine production and increased with age after sexual maturity, suggesting that a unique functional subset exists in females. Experiments with gonadectomized mice or mice bearing either global or lymphocyte restricted estrogen receptor α (Esr1) deficiency showed that androgens rather than estrogens regulated numbers of the KLRG1− ILC2 subset and ILC2 functional capacity in the lung and BM, as well as levels of GATA-3 expression in BM ILC2s. Furthermore, the frequency of BM PLZF+ ILC precursors was higher in males and increased by excess androgens, suggesting that androgens act to inhibit the transition of ILC precursors to ILC2s. Taken together, these data show that a functional subset of KLRG1− ILC2s in females contributes to the sex bias in lung ILC2s that is observed after reproductive age.
A CT-based approach with 3D modeling to determine optimal radiographic views of the scaphotrapezial and scaphotrapezoid joints

Abstract Purpose To use a CT-based approach with 3D modeling to determine novel radiographic views of the scaphotrapezial (STl) and scaphotrapezoid (STd) joints. Materials and methods Consecutive wrist CT scans excluding those with pathology of the distal radius, scaphoid, trapezium, or trapezoid of subjects between ages 18 and 60 years were retrospectively reviewed. Three-dimensional reconstructions of CT scans were created and best-fit planes of the STl and STd joints were generated. Angles of these planes relative to a distal radial coordinate system were calculated to determine tilt of the wrist and the X-ray beam for novel radiographic views of these joints. Results Fifty eligible wrist CT scans were identified. The mean age was 38 years (range, 18 to 59). For the novel STl PA view, the wrist is supinated 17° from the standard PA view and the X-ray beam is canted 6° caudad. In the STl lateral view, the wrist is pronated 17° from the standard lateral view, and the X-ray beam is canted 20° caudad. In the STd PA tilt view, the wrist is supinated 28° from the standard PA view, and the X-ray beam is canted 13° caudad. In the STd joint lateral tilt view, the wrist is pronated 28° from the standard lateral view, and the X-ray beam is canted 29° caudad. Conclusion We describe novel radiographic views of the STl and STd joints based on 3D modeling of wrist CT scans. Further studies are required to assess the efficacy of these views in detecting joint pathology.
New Magnetostrictive Transducer Designs for Emerging Application Areas of NDE

Magnetostrictive transduction has been widely utilized in nondestructive evaluation (NDE) applications, specifically for the generation and reception of guided waves for the long-range inspection of components such as pipes, vessels, and small tubes. Transverse-motion guided wave modes (e.g., torsional vibrations in pipes) are the most common choice for long-range inspection applications, because the wave motion is in the plane of the structure surface, and therefore does not couple well to the surrounding material. Magnetostrictive-based sensors for these wave modes using the Wiedemann effect have been available for several years. An alternative configuration of a sensor for generating and receiving these transverse-motion guided waves swaps the biasing and time-varying magnetic field directions. This alternative design is a reversed Wiedemann effect magnetostrictive transducer. These transducers exhibit a number of unique features compared with the more conventional Wiedemann sensor, including: (1) the use of smaller rare earth permanent magnets to achieve large, uniform, and self-sustained bias field strengths; (2) the use of more efficient electric coil arrangements to induce a stronger time-varying magnetic field for a given coil impedance; (3) beneficial non-linear operating characteristics, given the efficiency improvements in both magnetic fields; and (4) the ability to generate unidirectional guided waves when the field arrangement is combined with a magnetically soft ferromagnetic strip (patch). Reversed Wiedemann effect magnetostrictive transducers will be presented that are suitable for different inspection applications, one using electromagnetic generation and reception directly in a ferromagnetic material, and another design that integrates a magnetostrictive patch to improve its efficiency and enable special operating characteristics.
Multi-Fracture Processes in Ceramic Composites

This article outlines some mechanics models which predict the mechanical response of fibre-reinforced ceramic composites. Unlike other composites, where fibres are the major source of stiffness and strength, and are typified by Ef/Em ~ 100, in the case of ceramic composites the main role of the fibres is to enhance ductility and fracture toughness. In the latter circumstance Ef/Em ~1.
Meaningful Work Is Indeed a Matter of Distributive Justice.

One of the most striking and original features of Erik Malmqvist’s excellent article (Malmqvist 2019) is his claim that participants in Phase 1 clinical trials who make a living out of their partic...
Mechanistic Analyses of Geosynthetic Reinforced Aggregate Road Test Sections

Large-scale laboratory box tests and a full-scale traffic test were performed by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center to evaluate the performance of geosynthetic reinforced aggreg...
Oak SILVAH in Ohio at the landscape scale

Forests cover 8.2 million acres in Ohio, encompassing 31 percent of the state's land area (Widmann 2014). Eighty-three percent is privately owned; 17 percent is publicly owned. Most forest land is in the unglaciated southeastern area of Ohio and is dominated by oak-hickory forests (Fig. 1). These provide critical habitat for more than 100 wildlife species, which include at-risk animals such as wood thrush (Hylocichla mustelina), cerulean warbler (Setophaga cerulea), and timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus). The topography of these landscapes is highly dissected and creates spatially heterogeneous microenvironments that influence oak-hickory advance regeneration stocking (Iverson et al. 2017). Mature mixed-oak forests grow on a variety of aspects and slope positions with site indices of 55-80. These overstories are dominated by white oak (Quercus alba), chestnut oak (Q. prinus), and black oak (Q. velutina). Midstory and sapling layers are dominated by red maples (Acer rubrum) and sugar maples (A. saccharum); however, numerous species including blackgum (Nyssa sylvatica), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera), beech (Fagus grandifolia), and sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) are present. Deer pressure is generally lower in Ohio than in Pennsylvania and other eastern U.S. states. Nonnative plant species such as Ailanthus (Ailanthus altissima), autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata), multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora), twinberry honeysuckle (Lonicera involucrata), and stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) are problematic and continue to expand within these forests.
Channel Estimation in Millimeter Wave Systems with Inter Cell Interference

Millimeter wave (mmWave) systems rely on accurate channel state information (CSI) for the design of the precoding and combining matrices. Acquiring accurate CSI, however, is challenging due to the large number of antennas, the low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratio before beamforming, and possible interference from neighboring base stations (BSs). Prior work on channel estimation focused on the first two challenges and did not address inter- cell interference. Interference from neighboring BSs deteriorates the already low SNR and introduces errors in the channel estimate. This leads to additional interference in the system. This paper studies the effects of inter- cell interference on compressed sensing (CS) mmWave channel estimation techniques. A CS measurement matrix design is then proposed to jointly estimate the mmWave channel and null interference from neighboring BSs. Simulation results show that channel estimate errors strongly depend on the interference power and the number of interfering BSs. Moreover, in the presence of interference, the proposed techniques are shown to achieve channel estimates comparable to interference-free systems.
Protein-protein interactions.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on protein–protein interaction. The unique characteristics of different proteins are developed in the interactions of proteins with each other, with ions, and with nonprotein materials such as lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These range from covalent bonds and electrostatic interactions to the weaker electronic van der Waals' attractive forces characteristic of all atoms and groups of atoms. The interactions of proteins with each other in an aqueous environment may be divided into two categories: (1) those which take place at such distances that the average properties of the protein or its surface may be used in calculating interaction energies, and (2) those in which the interacting molecules approach closely and thus bring into play local forces, the total of which depends to a major extension specific groups and group configurations. Interactions at distances may be further subdivided into those interactions, which lead to a concentration dependence of osmotic pressure, sedimentation coefficient, and those long-range interactions which lead to more complex phenomena such as the separation of phases in suspensions of tobacco mosaic virus and bentonite. An interaction is observed only when the protein molecule is subject to a structural change which brings bonding groups into positions which allow them to interact. Structural changes of this type may be reversible or irreversible. Certain ephemeral interactions, particularly enzymatic reactions, generally lead to chemical or physical changes in one of the interactants to a much greater extent than the other.
Alpha Net: Adaptation with Composition in Classifier Space

Deep learning classification models typically train poorly on classes with small numbers of examples. Motivated by the human ability to solve this task, models have been developed that transfer knowledge from classes with many examples to learn classes with few examples. Critically, the majority of these models transfer knowledge within model feature space. In this work, we demonstrate that transferring knowledge within classifier space is more effective and efficient. Specifically, by linearly combining strong nearest neighbor classifiers along with a weak classifier, we are able to compose a stronger classifier. Uniquely, our model can be implemented on top of any existing classification model that includes a classifier layer. We showcase the success of our approach in the task of long-tailed recognition, whereby the classes with few examples, otherwise known as the tail classes, suffer the most in performance and are the most challenging classes to learn. Using classifier-level knowledge transfer, we are able to drastically improve - by a margin as high as 10.5% - the state-of-the-art performance on the tail categories.
Factors Promoting Posttraumatic Growth in Sexual Minority Adults Following Adolescent Bullying Experiences.

The minority stress model posits that stigmatized identities expose sexual minority individuals to chronic stressors that contribute to health disparities, but that individual-level resources may m...
Direct conversion of adult human retinal pigmented epithelium cells to neurons with photoreceptor properties.

Degeneration of photoreceptors is a major cause of blindness. Identifying new methods for the generation of photoreceptors offers valuable options for a cell replacement therapy of blindness. Here,...
Discontinuing Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Infants ≤32 Weeks of Gestational Age: A Randomized Control Trial

Objectives To compare immediate cessation of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) vs a stepwise decrease in pressure on the duration of NCPAP therapy in infants born prematurely. Study design A single center study in infants 230-326 weeks of gestational age. NCPAP was stopped either at 5 cm H2O (control) or 3 cm H2O after a stepwise pressure wean (wean) using defined stability and failure criteria. Primary outcome is total NCPAP days. Results We enrolled 226 infants; 116 were randomly assigned to control and 110 to the wean group. There was no difference in the total NCPAP days between groups (median [25th, 75th percentiles] 16 [5, 36] vs 14 [7, 33] respectively). There were no differences between groups in secondary outcomes, including duration of hospital stay, critical care days, and oxygen supplementation. A higher proportion of control infants failed the initial attempt to discontinue NCPAP (43% vs 27%, respectively; P Conclusions Discontinuation of NCPAP after a gradual pressure wean to 3 cm H2O did not decrease the duration of NCPAP therapy compared with stopping from 5 cm H2O in infants ≤32 weeks of gestational age. However, weaning decreased failed initial attempts to stop NCPAP, particularly among infants Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02064712 .
The Effects of Basal and Prismatic Precipitates on Deformation Twinning in AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

The advancement of Mg-based applications is motivated by inherently the high specific-strength and low densities of Mg and its alloys. The AZ91 alloy is one such exemplary cast Mg alloy that is being considered due to its relatively high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and castability. However, like most Mg alloys, it is not yet widely used due to poor formability and a complex, anisotropic plastic response. These behaviors have been linked to their propensity to deform by twinning, in addition to slip. Furthermore, the grains in the AZ91 alloy contain β-phase precipitates, which are similar in size as the twin lamellae. In this study, we use an elasto-viscoplastic fast-Fourier-transform (EVP-FFT) crystal plasticity micromechanics model to examine the interactions between \(\left\{ {10\overline{1}2} \right\}\)-type extension twins and two types of precipitates—basal and prismatic precipitates. The calculations focus on conditions that determine whether the twin is blocked by the precipitate or can cross the precipitate by nucleating a new twin on the other side of it. The effects of twin thickness, relative to the size of the precipitate, and precipitate types are investigated. The analysis shows that both precipitates are effective at blocking the propagation of twins and limit their ability to thicken. The basal precipitates are, however, substantially easier to cross by the twin than prismatic precipitates. Furthermore, the thicker the twin is when it impinges on the precipitate, the higher the chance it can cross.
Use of a Self-Delivering Anti-CCL3 FANA Oligonucleotide as an Innovative Approach to Target Inflammation after Spinal Cord Injury.

Abstract Secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs because of a sequence of events after the initial injury, including exacerbated inflammation that contributes to increased lesion size and poor locomotor recovery. Thus, mitigating secondary damage is critical to preserve neural tissue and improve neurologic outcome. In this work, we examined the therapeutic potential of a novel antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with special chemical modifications [2′-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinonucleic acid (FANA) ASO] for specifically inhibiting an inflammatory molecule in the injured spinal cord. The chemokine CCL3 plays a complex role in the activation and attraction of immune cells and is upregulated in the injured tissue after SCI. We used specific FANA ASO to inhibit CCL3 in a contusive mouse model of murine SCI. Our results show that self-delivering FANA ASO molecules targeting the chemokine CCL3 penetrate the spinal cord lesion site and suppress the expression of CCL3 transcripts. Furthermore, they reduce other proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β after SCI. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time the potential of FANA ASO molecules to penetrate the spinal cord lesion site to specifically inhibit CCL3, reducing proinflammatory cytokines and improve functional recovery after SCI. This novel approach may be used in new treatment strategies for SCI and other pathologic conditions of the CNS.
Brief Cognitive Testing in the Detection and Diagnosis of Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia.

In adults with suspected cognitive impairment, what is the utility of brief cognitive testing in detecting clinical Alzheimer-type dementia and distinguishing it from mild cognitive impairment or normal cognition?
American Perspectives on Public Funding for Artists

In light of recent attention on artists as community assets, what is current U.S. public opinion on public support for artists? After tracing the history of perceptions of public funding of artists...
Surgical Resection of Rare Esophageal Cancers.

Background Although surgical resection of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is standard practice, the treatment strategy for other malignant rare esophageal cancers is still under debate. The aim of this study was to examine the treatment of rare malignant esophageal cancers and to evaluate the survival of these patients. Methods A retrospective review of all esophagectomies performed at Mayo Clinic from 1980 to 2014 (approximately 4,000 cases) identified 24 patients with histologic features other than adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. Their medical records were reviewed for demographics, presenting symptoms, evaluation, surgical management, pathologic features, and short-term and long-term outcome. Results Pathologic identifications included small cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma in 4 (16.7%) patients each and neuroendocrine, melanoma, leiomyosarcoma, sarcomatoid, sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor in 2 (8.3%) patients each. The most common presenting symptoms included dysphasia in 91.7% patients (22/24), pain in 75.0% (18/24), and weight loss in 62.5% (15/24). Preoperative evaluation included barium swallow in 91.7% (22/24), computed tomography in 91.7% (22/24), positron emission tomography in 54.2% (13/24), esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 100% (24/24), and endoscopic ultrasonography in 29.2% (7/24) patients. The location of the tumor was at the gastroesophageal junction in 41.7% (10/24). There was no operative mortality, and 13 patients (54.16%) had at least one postoperative adverse event. The 1-year survival after esophagectomy was 69.7%, the 5-year survival was 42.7%, and the 10-year survival was 37.4%. Conclusions Esophageal cancer with pathologic features other than squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma is rare. Esophagectomy for rare types of malignant esophageal cancers should be considered part of the effective treatment paradigm.
The Intersection of Immigration Law and Civil Rights Law: Non Citizen Workers and the International Human Rights Paradigm

This article examines the failure of the U.S. civil rights regime, in particular, antidiscrimination law to redress the inequitable fashion in which our domestic legal system treats undocumented workers in the United States. The article posits that the future of the civil rights of noncitizens in the United States lies in an international human rights paradigm. Using the theory set forth in the book EYES OFF THE PRIZE, where historian Carol Anderson analyzes the reasons why, during Civil Rights Movement, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People leadership was not able to articulate a human rights case for their struggles, I compare the Civil Rights Movement to the emerging Immigrant Rights Movement of today. In doing so, I make the case that the use of international human rights law to redress the rights of undocumented workers will take advantage of the opportunity that the leaders of the Civil Rights movement missed. My conclusion is that the use of an international human rights paradigm will not only address the shortcoming of civil rights law, but that, in the face of the currently existing lowered social citizenship of immigrants and the poor, this will be the only way to ensure equal social citizenship for all in our country.
Abstract P337: The Metabolic Syndrome and Subclinical Atherosclerosis:The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation

Objective: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and subclinical CVD measures are associated with a higher risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. Furthermore, individuals with MetS have a greater burden of subclinical CVD, such as the presence of carotid plaque (CP) and larger adventitial diameter (AD). Midlife women proceeding through the menopausal transition are vulnerable to developing MetS and are also at greater risk of CVD, a risk that varies by race/ethnicity. We hypothesized that there are racial/ethnic differences in the association between MetS and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. Methods: Participants from 6 sites of the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) were analyzed if they were free of clinical CVD and had measures of CP and AD at the 12th annual visit. Women were identified as having MetS if they met the criteria defined by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Multivariable logistic and linear regression models were used to investigate the relationship of MetS with CP and AD overall and separately within each race/ethnicity group. Study site, age, height, LDL-C, smoking status, menopausal status, hormone use, and education level were included as covariates. Further analysis adjusted for inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers. Results: The 1454 women were, on average, 59.6 years old 43.5% had evidence of MetS, and 85.8% were postmenopausal. The race/ethnicity breakdown was 51.1% White, 30.3% Black, 12.7% Chinese, and 5.8% Hispanic. Overall, MetS was associated with the presence of CP and higher AD after adjusting for covariates (OR (95%): 1.65 (1.31, 2.08); β (SE): 0.344(0.035) mm, p Conclusion: MetS is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, and the association varies by race/ethnicity in midlife women. This variation may help explain differences in incidence rates of CVD events between racial/ethnic groups.
Epilepsy-associated plasticity in gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor expression, function, and inhibitory synaptic properties.

Although epilepsy is fundamentally a circuit phenomenon, the most basic manifestation of the hyperexcitability characteristic of epilepsy must be evident at the level of a single neuron. Furthermore, in the future, manipulations of surviving neurons within the epileptic focus will constitute one of the best therapeutic targets for intervention to cure this devastating disease. Therefore, the more that can be learned about epileptogenic alterations in this population of surviving focal neurons, the more potential avenues for therapeutic intervention will emerge. This chapter has summarized one aspect of postsynaptic neuronal function that undergoes dramatic alterations in the epileptic brain: the properties of inhibitory neurotransmitter (i.e., GABA) receptors in surviving focal neurons. GABARs in these neurons undergo significant alterations in their function and pharmacology, which appear to be mediated, at least in part, by alterations in the transcriptional production of GABAR subunits. These GABAR alterations fulfill many of the requirements for an epileptogenic mechanism: they are consistent with the hyperexcitability characteristic of epilepsy; the changes develop prior to the onset of recurrent spontaneous seizures; and the elevated zinc sensitivity of epileptic GABARs combined with epilepsy-associated mossy fiber sprouting (a zinc "delivery mechanism") can account for the existence of a prolonged latent period. Although GABAR alterations in DGCs of the epileptic hippocampus may be consistent with hyperexcitability and therefore contribute to epileptogenesis, many other processes undoubtedly also contribute, including (but not limited to) neuronal loss, circuit rearrangements, alterations in other membrane proteins, and birth of new neurons. Assuming any single change is both necessary and sufficient to fully account for epilepsy is undoubtedly an oversimplification. The initial precipitating events associated with the subsequent development of epilepsy are often traumatic events and associated with changes in many processes in widespread areas of the brain. Some of these processes may contribute to excitability changes, some may resist the development of epilepsy, and some may be unrelated to epileptogenesis. Characterizing the critical processes initiated during epileptogenesis remains an important and challenging research endeavor for the foreseeable future.
The Disability Term: Dignity, Default, and Negative Capability

This Article focuses initially on the six decisions in which the Supreme Court dealt directly with disability law issues during the 1998 Term. It offers a critical overview of the Court's performance and places these decisions in the larger context of full and equal protection. The Article compares and contrasts examples of the Justices' evident unconcern for personal dignity-notwithstanding congressional language-with the majority's enthusiasm for the dignity of the states in the context of the New Federalism. Through careful scrutiny of judicial craftsmanship as well as problematic examples of equal treatment drawn from sources outside law, the Article suggests that "negative capability" may be a more fruitful approach for judging obligations to persons who are different.