cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Wound Care Dressings and Choices for Care of Wounds in the Home

Statistics from various resources report that many patients in home healthcare settings have wounds. These vary from surgical, pressure, neuropathic, trauma, stasis, and venous wounds. These require the assessment, knowledge, and expertise of a clinician to assist them with wound care management. The purpose of this article is to identify and categorize types of wound care products appropriate for the various types of wounds that clinicians care for and manage in the home.
Effect evaluation of comprehensive intervention mode on hypertension

Objective To explore effects of comprehensive intervention mode on hypertension by combination of health education and behavior intervention in communities.Methods one community was selected from every district among 5 districts in Hangzhou.100 families with hypertension patient and 100 families without hypertension patient were drawn randomly from every community and the sample size was 2590.Changes on knowledge,attitude,belief practice and behaviors on salt intake were analyzed after one-year intervention and health education.Results 11 indexes rose significantly after the intervention(P0.05).Percentage of subjects whose iodine daily perturbation salt lower than 6g shifted from 34.56% to 43.02% with the intervention both for the hypertension and the non-hypertension(P0.05).Conclusions Comprehensive intervention mode in communities combining health education and behavior intervention was an important way on hypertension control and suitable for promotion among general population.
DNA Testing in the Equine

This article discusses the concepts and methods underlying the present-day state of production-robust nucleic acid-based identity, parentage, and diagnostic tests in the equine. Given the rapid pace of progress, continuing developments are expected in equine nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing for infectious agents and for a small but significant number of genetic traits and diseases, primarily those that exhibit single-gene Mendelian inheritance. As marker discovery accelerates and testing and analysis methods become faster, more accurate, and less expensive, whole genome scanning will become economically feasible. Subsequent adoption of high-volume whole genome scanning of equines and other animal species would initiate a new revolution in veterinary medicine, a revolution that would greatly benefit both animals and humans.
Abstract 40: Mortality Due to Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke Following Left Ventricular Assist Device

Introduction: The time course and risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke following left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement is not well described. Hypothesis: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke are major causes of mortality following LVAD placement. Methods: Prospectively collected data of Heartmate II (N=335) and Heartware (N=70) LVAD patients from a single center were reviewed from 10/21/2004-5/19/2015. Patients were followed until transplant or death. Predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke (ICH, SAH, SDH) occurring during hospitalization for LVAD placement (early stroke) or in follow-up (late stroke) were assessed using Chi-squared or Mann-Whitney U tests. The association of stroke and mortality was assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 405 patients, stroke occurred in 69 (17%). Early ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 18 (4.4%) and 11 (2.7%) patients, respectively. Late ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke occurred in 25 (6.2%) and 29 (7.2%) patients, respectively and 11 (3%) had more than one stroke. ICH was the most common type of hemorrhagic stroke (N=23). History of implanted cardioverter defibrillator, tobacco use, poor NYHA class and hypertension post-LVAD significantly predicted ischemic stroke, while history of hypertension and arrhythmia predicted hemorrhagic stroke (all P Conclusions: Stroke is a leading cause of death in LVAD patients. Late ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke have a greater impact on mortality than early stroke. Management of risk factors, such as hypertension post LVAD, may reduce stroke and mortality rates.
Spatial integration of E-cadherin adhesion, signalling and the epithelial cytoskeleton

The characteristic tall and elongated shape of epithelial cells requires specialized adhesive structures and a distinct organization of cytoskeletal filaments. Cytoskeletal networks coordinate a precise organization of adhesive and signalling complexes along cell–cell contacts and enable exquisite strong cohesion among epithelial cells. E-cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion receptor, is an essential adhesive system in epithelia and its dynamic regulation and pathways that stabilize cell–cell adhesion have been extensively studied. This review highlights the less understood mechanisms underlying how cadherin receptor signalling drives cytoskeletal rearrangements which ultimately define the epithelial cell shape. In the past two years, new insights identify specific actin-binding proteins and regulators of the epithelial cytoskeleton as a framework to support junction dynamics, plasticity and maintenance.
Stealthy cyber attacks and impact analysis on wide-area protection of smart grid

Smart grid is vulnerable to many cyber attacks due to legacy nature of the infrastructure coupled with increase in control and monitoring functions through cyber advancements. Remedial Action Scheme (RAS), widely used for wide area protection, provides autonomous operations through the RAS controller. Due to its dependence on the timely cooperation of multiple devices and communication network, it is highly vulnerable to cyber attacks. In this paper, we present an impact analysis for the power system due to a class of malware-based coordinated cyber attacks targeting the RAS scheme. Specifically, we make the following two contributions. First, modeling a stealth attack vector based on malware and coordinated attack behavior. In particular installing the malware (Trojan horse) in the RAS controller which turns the controller into an attacker's bot. Then, performing a coordinated attack which involves malicious tripping of one of the parallel lines connected to a generator followed by the continuous pulse attack on the generator. The pulse attack includes periodically changing the generations through RAS controller which remains undetected by the control center. Second, testbed-based implementation and evaluation to quantify system impacts. We have leveraged Iowa State's PowerCyber CPS security testbed for experimental evaluation. In our evaluation, we varied the duty cycle of the pulse attack to obtain different attack scenarios and consequent impacts are analyzed on modified IEEE 9-bus system in real-time simulation. Our studies show that the duty cycle of the pulse attack is a critical factor in determining the severity of the attack impacts on system stability.
Examining early childhood teachers’ writing practices: Associations between pedagogical supports and children’s writing skills

Abstract Despite a wide recognition about the importance of young children’s language and literacy environments to later achievement, little is known about teachers’ supportive approaches to early writing in preschool classroom contexts and the ways in which these supportive approaches relate to children’s writing development. This study examined how teachers support writing in their classrooms and how these supports related to children’s expressions of early writing skill. Forty-one preschool and Pre-K teachers in three US states and their students (N = 488) participated. Teachers were observed in their classrooms and instances of writing support were recorded and qualitatively coded and analyzed. Findings indicated that teachers supported children’s use of writing, however, the scope and focus of the supportive strategies used were limited. Examinations of teachers’ supportive writing practices revealed that teachers were much more likely to focus on children’s handwriting and spelling skills, with less attention to composing. Analyses examining associations between teachers’ pedagogical practice and children’s writing skills indicated that children from classrooms with teachers who supported composing exhibited stronger writing skills. Results are discussed in relation to early childhood curricular and teaching practices as well as to broader policy issues.
A Fixed Stricture on Routine Cross-sectional Imaging Predicts Disease-Related Complications and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Crohn's Disease.

Background Patients with Crohn's disease (CD) typically undergo multiple cross-sectional imaging exams including computed tomography and magnetic resonance enterography during the course of their disease. The aim was to identify imaging findings that predict future disease-related poor outcomes. Methods This was a retrospective, case control study at a single tertiary center. Cases were CD patients diagnosed with complications (bowel obstruction, perforation, internal fistula, or abscess); controls were CD patients without complications. Two radiologists blinded to clinical outcomes, independently scored cross-sectional imaging examinations obtained before the complication. Results One hundred eight patients (67 F; 41 M) with CD (51 cases; 57 controls) were included. For the cases, 21 had internal fistulae, 15 had bowel obstructions, 13 had abdominal abscesses, and 2 developed bowel perforations. Patients with complications were more likely to have a fixed small bowel stricture on cross-sectional imaging (P = 0.01). A patient with a stricture and upstream dilatation was 3.4 times more likely to develop a complication in the next 2 years. When present in the setting of hypervascularity and/or evidence of active inflammation, the risk increased further to 15-fold. Cases were more likely to be active smokers (29% versus 12%, P = 0.033). Cases had more evidence of inflammation based on higher Harvey Bradshaw Index values and inflammatory biomarkers and lower hemoglobin values. Conclusions Information from radiologic studies, especially the presence of fixed strictures, can predict future CD complications. These findings, along with smoking and ongoing inflammation, should alert the clinician to the possibility of future complications.
“Pound-Years”: Effects on the Heart of Long-Term Exposure to Obesity

> The second half of a man’s life is made up of nothing but the habits he has acquired during the first half . > > —Fyodor Dostoyevsky1 It is well-documented that obesity, like smoking before it, has reached epidemic proportions. The prevalence of obesity has increased to ≈40% among adults and ≈20% among adolescents.2,3 Furthermore, the cumulative effects of years of excess obesity and abdominal adiposity have been linked to coronary heart disease and heart failure in young adults in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults).4 Increases in heart failure incidence among younger groups and the stagnation of progress in reducing cardiovascular disease mortality have been tied to the obesity epidemic.5–7 If we are going to mirror successes in curbing the smoking epidemic, it will similarly require significant investment in public health policies. To justify this investment and formulate an effective public health strategy, important work is needed to establish how obesity is linked to cardiovascular disease. Article, see p 1614 Heart failure in particular carries a significant association with obesity. It has been postulated that obesity and excess adiposity necessitate increased cardiac output which leads to increased wall stress and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy.8 However, it is difficult to tease out whether associated comorbidities such as …
Target detection in single frequency multi-static passive radar systems

We investigate the target detection problem in multi-static passive radar systems (MS-PRS), where multiple transmitters operate at a single frequency and a single multi-antenna radar receiver processes the received signals. In contrast to multi-frequency MS-PRS, the receiver design is difficult due to the fact that the receiver sees a mixture of transmitted signals which may not be separately treated. We propose the design of generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) receivers to optimize the detection performance. The beamformer at the radar receiver is optimized so that the received signal can be seen as signals from multiple reference channels and a surveillance channel. A convex optimization algorithm is proposed for solving the detector optimization problem. It is analytically shown that the performance of the proposed GLRT receiver approaches that of the active radar. Computer simulations verify the analytical results.
Ideal strength and ductility in metals from second- and third-order elastic constants

$I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0.333em}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}g\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}h$ is a fundamental property describing the upper bound on a material's strength in the absence of crystal defects. Similarly, the nature of the failure at the ideal strength can be related to the $i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}r\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0.333em}{0ex}}d\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}u\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}c\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}l\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}t\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}y$ of metals and alloys. In this work, analytical expressions are derived for the ideal strength and intrinsic ductility with knowledge of only the second-order and third-order elastic constants. This analytical approach greatly improves the fundamental understanding of mechanical behavior in advanced materials.
The Si-SiO2 Interface: Current Understanding of Chemical and Electronic Defects

The silicon-silicon dioxide solid state interface system has been extensively investigated over the past twenty years, primarily due to its vital importance in integrated circuit technology. Many of the studies performed have dealt with electrical characterization, with the result that electronic properties can be accurately and reproducibly controlled by process sequences. Still, most of these procedures are largely empirical, because little detailed chemical knowledge of the electronic defects is available. This paper reviews some of the relationships between electronic defects and the processing procedures utilized for integrated circuit fabrication. Ongoing theoretical and experimental research that suggests specific chemical origins for these defects is discussed. Possible common origins for certain of the charge centers are indicated.
The perioperative significance of systemic arterial diastolic hypertension in adults.

Purpose of review Hypertension affects approximately one third of the U.S. population and is the most common preventable medical reason that surgical cases are postponed or cancelled. However, subtypes of hypertension and their perioperative risks are poorly studied and understood. We will review the natural history and pathophysiology of essential hypertension and discuss the perioperative significance of diastolic blood pressure elevation. Recent findings There is evidence that elevated preoperative diastolic blood pressures are associated with an increased perioperative risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and increased postoperatively 30-day mortality. However, lower preoperative diastolic blood pressures were found, in one study, to be associated with renal injury. Summary Diastolic hypertension and hypotension both carry perioperative risk. Further study needs to be dedicated to elucidating the risks and developing strategies for acute and chronic management of diastolic blood pressure changes in order to improve perioperative safety.
Regular Yogurt Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Hypertensive Adults

BACKGROUND High blood pressure (HBP) is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor. Clinical trials including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) have demonstrated beneficial effects of dairy consumption on risks of HBP and CVD. Yogurt, a fermented dairy product, may independently be related to CVD risk. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between yogurt consumption and CVD risk among hypertensive individuals in 2 large cohorts and to determine whether the association differs among those whose eating pattern more closely resembles the DASH diet. METHODS Overall, 55,898 female Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 18,232 male Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) participants with prevalent HBP were included. Cumulative average estimates of yogurt intake from validated food frequency questionnaires were related to verified self-reported CVD outcomes using Cox proportional hazards models. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for CVD risk factors, medications, and diet covariates. RESULTS Yogurt intake was inversely associated with CVD risk (myocardial infarction and stroke) among hypertensive participants (P <0.01 in both cohorts). Among participants consuming ≥2 servings/week of yogurt, NHS women had a 17% (95% CI: 0.74-0.92) lower risk while HPFS men experienced a 21% (95% CI: 0.66-0.96) lower CVD risk compared to those who consumed <1 serving/month. Regular yogurt consumers with higher DASH diet scores had 16% (95% CI: 0.73-0.96) and 30% (95% CI: 0.57-0.85) CVD risk reductions in the 2 cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION Hypertensive men and women who consumed ≥2 servings/week of yogurt, especially in the context of a healthy diet, were at lower risk for developing CVD.
A statistical modeling approach for spatio-temporal degradation data

This article investigates the modeling of a new type of degradation data: spatio-temporal degradation data collected from a spatial domain over time. Like existing stochastic degradation models, a random field is constructed to describe the spatio-temporal degradation process. We model the degradation process as an additive superposition of two stochastic components: a dynamic spatial degradation generation process and a spatio-temporal propagation process. Some common challenges are addressed, including the spatial heterogeneity of the degradation process, spatial propagation of degradation to neighboring areas, anisotropic and space-time non-separable covariance structures associated with a complex spatio-temporal degradation process, and the computational issues related to parameter estimation and simulation. When spatial dependence is ignored, we show that the proposed spatio-temporal degradation model incorporates some existing purely time-dependent degradation models as its special cases. We also show the connection, under special conditions, between the proposed statistical model and a class of physical-degradation processes given by stochastic partial differential equations. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate modeling approach, parameter estimation, model validation, and applications.
The region and trade: New analytical directions

Two traditions have shaped trade theory. Adam Smith highlighted the division of labour and David Ricardo comparative advantage. Ricardo initially had the greater impact, but over the last three dec...
The Human Capital Model or Location! Location! Location!? The Gender-Based Wage Gap in the Federal Civil Service

Theoretically, the human capital variables, education and experience, and occupations for which women and men qualify explain the gender-based wage gap in the federal civil service. Are remaining gender-based wage differences eliminated when agencies and geographic locations where federal civil servants work are controlled? This analysis of Office of Personnel Management records for nearly two million employees working for the federal civil service reflects improvements in federal women’s status when compared to earlier studies, shows consistency in the gender-based wage gap when work places are closely examined, and lends support to the Human Capital Model. Cultural changes, and post-1972 public policy implementation and enforcement changes seem to have complemented the Human Capital Model.
Serotonin in Depression and Suicide

Ever since the introduction of the antidepressants in the late fifties and the discovery that central monoamine (MA) metabolism is influenced by them, central MA, for example serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) has been studied in depression. What is the state of the art of 25 years later? Is 5-HT related to depression, or to certain features of depression, or is it not?
Ethical Pressure, Organizational-Professional Conflict, and Related Work Outcomes among Management Accountants

This study examines the effects of ethical pressure on management accountants' perceptions of organizational-professional conflict, and related work outcomes. It was hypothesized that organizational pressure to engage in unethical behavior would increase perceived organizational-professional conflict, and that this perceived conflict would reduce organizational commitment and job satisfaction, and increase the likelihood of employee turnover. A survey was mailed to a random sample of Certified Management Accountants to assess perceptions of the relevant variables. The results of a structural equations model indicated that, as hypothesized, ethical pressure was associated with higher levels of perceived organizational-professional conflict. Also as hypothesized, higher levels of conflict were associated with lower levels of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Finally, lower levels of commitment and satisfaction were associated with higher turnover intentions.
Genes Involved in the Patterns of Maize Leaf Cell Division

Beginning with a mature leaf, it is relatively easy to discover the size, location, and at least some of the specialized molecular and physiological properties of each component cell and tissue. The origin and growth of the leaf clearly preceeds function. Many of the physiological functions of the tissues and cells of a corn leaf are known, but such knowledge has little to do with how these cells came to be located where they are and will not be reviewed here. Classical techniques of fixation, sectioning, and histochemical staining, coupled with more recent methods of in situ cellular RNA and antigen localizations, can describe in detail the end result of development. Detailed anatomical and histological descriptions of the maize leaf are available (Sharman, 1942; Esau, 1943). Figure 1 depicts various parts of a mature maize leaf. The histological section passing transversely through the blade denotes only the anatomical components and cell types necessary to follow this discussion. A typical corn plant generates about 20 near-identical leaves, the leaf being the most visible of the four components that comprise a vegetative, shoot segment (called the “phytomer”; see Galinat, 1959).
The clinical impact of performing routine next generation sequencing (NGS) in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST).

11010Background: The majority of GISTs harbor activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRα but the clinical relevance of other genomic alterations is unknown. We sought to determine the clinical impact of...
An agent-based hardware-in-the-loop simulation framework for building controls

Abstract In general, a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) building simulation has lower cost and fewer practical limitations (e.g., scheduling issues) than field tests in occupied buildings, while also overcoming limitations of simulations alone by capturing the full behavior of some physical systems, equipment, and components. However, the implementation of an HIL can be difficult due to the scarcity of appropriate tools. This paper presents an agent-based framework for HIL simulation. It can be used for investigation of controller performance via controller-in-the-loop simulations and also HIL for system synthesis. In the latter case, both controllers and major equipment participate in tests to ensure that dynamics of equipment operation are correctly captured in addition to controller performance. The HIL simulation framework presented allows such actual physical parts to be included in the framework while representing others for which behaviors are better known and modeled in simulation models. The mechanism implemented in the framework to synchronize simulations in software with real-time operation of physical equipment is described. As an example, use of the HIL simulation framework is illustrated through a brief study of speed control of the supply fan in the air handling unit of a variable-air-volume building heating, ventilating and air-conditioning system.
SOUTH THAMES RETRIEVAL SERVICE: TRANSPORTING THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD—LESSONS LEARNT FROM 10 YEARS ON THE ROAD

Introduction It has been well recognised that the retrieval (transportation) of the critically ill child to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) by a specialised team is the “gold standard” resulting in improved patient outcomes (NHS Executive 1997). For the past 10 years, the South Thames Retrieval Service (STRS) operating out of the Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, has provided a 24-h, 7 days a week team of nurses and doctors skilled and competent in moving these vulnerable children. STRS covers an area of 5000 square miles with an estimated 1.5 million children in this region, averaging over 600 retrievals per year (Davies and Lynch 2007). Over the past 10 years there has been dramatic development of this service. We will explore and discuss the pertinent issues in relation to the past, present and future of this service: Past: initial “set-up” of the service; training of nursing and medical staff; staff and patient safety; development of the specialist roles; retrieval coordinator and retrieval nurse practitioners. Present: how the service works on a day-to-day basis; audit and management of critical incidents; collaborative working with the lead PICU and with other PICU; teaching, training and supporting the referring team; parental presence in the ambulance. Future: development of air transportation service; further development of nursing roles; streamlining of the retrieval process. Conclusion The lessons learnt from our experiences will provide valuable insight into this specialist aspect of paediatric critical care.
Collaborative governance or private policy making? When consultants matter more than participation in collaborative environmental planning

The study of collaborative governance constitutes an established sub-literature within environmental policy and management scholarship. Among the lessons of this literature is that collaborative pl...
Exploiting Attention to Reveal Shortcomings in Memory Models

The decision making processes of deep networks are difficult to understand and while their accuracy often improves with increased architectural complexity, so too does their opacity. Practical use of machine learning models, especially for question and answering applications, demands a system that is interpretable. We analyze the attention of a memory network model to reconcile contradictory performance on a challenging question-answering dataset that is inspired by theory-of-mind experiments. We equate success on questions to task classification, which explains not only test-time failures but also how well the model generalizes to new training conditions.
Taking on a New Grading System: The Interconnected Effects of Standards-Based Grading on Teaching, Learning, Assessment, and Student Behavior.

This study explored high school teachers’ perceptions of the effects of standards-based grading (SBG) on planning, instruction, assessment, classroom management, and student behaviors. Findings ind...
Headache and Back Pain

Chronic pain is a complex psychobiological condition that creates personal suffering and disability. Chronic pain disorders are often associated with mood, anxiety, and somatoform disorders. Two types of chronic pain are discussed in this chapter: headache and back pain. The Pathways Model is applied to two patient cases, each with their own life stories and unique psychological issues that required treatment with multilevel interventions.
A framework for an interdisciplinary understanding of Mexican American school segregation

As a Mexican American school desegregation case, historians, legal scholars, and educational researchers have all explored Mendez v. Westminster’s significance. Each discipline, with its own modes ...
Measuring Grit in Adolescents With and Without Disabilities

In recent policy initiatives focused on college and career readiness, Grit is often lumped with other noncognitive skills deemed as important. Yet, very little is known about the relationship betwe...
Hydrogen evolution on bare Mg surfaces using the scratched electrode technique

Abstract The scratched electrode technique is used to study reaction rates of bared Mg surfaces with the aim of studying the anomalous hydrogen evolution phenomenon. Scratched Mg surfaces are more catalytic than filmed unscratched surfaces to dissolution and hydrogen evolution reactions and repassivation happens within milliseconds at anodic potentials in NaOH solution. The rate of anomalous hydrogen evolution reaction depends on surface condition, which for the bared scratch surface varies little with potential in this electrolyte. The reformation of an hydroxide monolayer limits dissolution and hydrogen evolution reactions. In environments containing chloride and sulfate, formation of a monolayer is less effective.
The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) are characterized by an inflammatory response, alveolar edema, and hypoxemia. ARDS occurs most often in the settings of pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of gastric contents, or severe trauma. The prevalence of ARDS is approximately 10% in patients of intensive care. There is no effective remedy with mortality high at 30-40%. Most functional proteins are dynamic and stringently governed by ubiquitin proteasomal degradation. Protein ubiquitination is reversible, the covalently attached monoubiquitin or polyubiquitin moieties within the targeted protein can be removed by a group of enzymes called deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). Deubiquitination plays an important role in the pathobiology of ALI/ARDS as it regulates proteins critical in engagement of the alveolo-capillary barrier and in the inflammatory response. In this review, we provide an overview of how DUBs emerge in pathogen-induced pulmonary inflammation and related aspects in ALI/ARDS. Better understanding of deubiquitination-relatedsignaling may lead to novel therapeutic approaches by targeting specific elements of the deubiquitination pathways.
The formation of glycolonitrile (HOCH$_2$CN) from reactions of C$^+$ with HCN and HNC on icy grain mantles.

Quantum chemical cluster calculations show that reactions of C$^+$ with HCN or HNC embedded in the surface of an icy grain mantle can account for the formation of a recently detected molecule, glycolonitrile, which is considered to be an important precursor to ribonucleic compounds. Reactions of cations deposited on ice mantles with minimal kinetic energy have been found theoretically to result in previously unknown pathways to significant organic compounds in protostellar systems and the interstellar medium. In density functional theory cluster calculations involving up to 24H$_2$O, C$^+$ reacts consistently with HCN embedded in ice to yield the neutral HOCHNC radical with no barrier, along with H$_3$O+ as a byproduct. If HOCHNC then reacts with H, three species can be formed: HOCH$_2$CN (isocyanomethanol), HOCH$_2$CN (glycolonitrile), and HOCHNCH. For the C$^+$ + HNC reaction on ice, the HOCHCN and H$_2$OCCN radicals form as intermediates, the first of which is another direct precursor to glycolonitrile via H addition. In addition to characterizing reaction pathways, predictions are provided of the vibrational and electronic spectra of the HCN and HNC starting clusters and the HOCHNC ice-bound intermediate.
ViCLOUD: Measuring Vagueness in Cloud Service Privacy Policies and Terms of Services

Cloud Legal documents, like Privacy Policies and Terms of Services (ToS), include key terms and rules that enable consumers to continuously monitor the performance of the cloud services used in their organization. To ensure high consumer confidence in the cloud service, it is necessary that these documents are clear and comprehensible to the average consumer. However, in practice, service providers often use legalese and ambiguous language in cloud legal documents resulting in consumers consenting or rejecting the terms without understanding the details. A measure capturing ambiguity in the texts of cloud service documents will enable consumers to decide if they understand what they are agreeing to, and deciding whether that service will meet their organizational requirements. It will also allow them to compare the service policies across various vendors. We have developed a novel model, ViCLOUD, that defines a scoring method based on linguistic cues to measure ambiguity in cloud legal documents and compare them to other peer websites. In this paper, we describe the ViCLOUD model in detail along with the validation results when applying it to 112 privacy policies and 108 Terms of Service documents of 115 cloud service vendors. The score distribution gives us a landscape of current trends in cloud services and a scale of comparison for new documentation. Our model will be very useful to organizations in making judicious decisions when selecting their cloud service.
A practical approach to obesity prevention: Healthy home habits.

ABSTRACT Families have the potential to foster a healthy home environment aimed at reducing the risk of overweight and obesity. Establishing habits associated with reduced risk of obesity and overweight early in childhood can have lasting effects into adulthood. Nurse practitioners can encourage families to participate in healthy habits by addressing areas of growth for obesity prevention within the home. A review of the most recent literature, approximately over the past decade, was used to provide a consolidated source of reference for healthy home habits for the nurse practitioner. The search included terms such as "obesity," "overweight," "healthy habits," "physical activity," "obesogenic behaviors," "family meals," "screen time," "depression," "sugary beverages," and "portion sizes." The information was synthesized into three content areas: nutrition and consumption, patterns of activity, and stress within the home. Establishing healthy habits early in life can protect against the development of overweight and obesity. Nurse practitioners can serve a vital role in the prevention of pediatric, adolescent, and adult obesity. Equipped with the unique role of assisting those from a diverse patient base, nurse practitioners can inform patients how to improve healthy habits to decrease the likelihood of obesity or overweight. Encouraging behavior change related to the healthy habits associated with the prevention of overweight and obesity can have a long-term impact on the health of an entire family.
Mitochondria-Rich Extracellular Vesicles From Autologous Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Restore Energetics of Ischemic Myocardium.

Abstract Background Mitochondrial dysfunction results in an imbalance between energy supply and demand in a failing heart. An innovative therapy that targets the intracellular bioenergetics directly through mitochondria transfer may be necessary. Objectives The purpose of this study was to establish a preclinical proof-of-concept that extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated transfer of autologous mitochondria and their related energy source enhance cardiac function through restoration of myocardial bioenergetics. Methods Human-induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (iCMs) were employed. iCM-conditioned medium was ultracentrifuged to collect mitochondria-rich EVs (M-EVs). Therapeutic effects of M-EVs were investigated using in vivo murine myocardial infarction (MI) model. Results Electron microscopy revealed healthy-shaped mitochondria inside M-EVs. Confocal microscopy showed that M-EV–derived mitochondria were transferred into the recipient iCMs and fused with their endogenous mitochondrial networks. Treatment with 1.0 × 108/ml M-EVs significantly restored the intracellular adenosine triphosphate production and improved contractile profiles of hypoxia-injured iCMs as early as 3 h after treatment. In contrast, isolated mitochondria that contained 300× more mitochondrial proteins than 1.0 × 108/ml M-EVs showed no effect after 24 h. M-EVs contained mitochondrial biogenesis-related messenger ribonucleic acids, including proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α, which on transfer activated mitochondrial biogenesis in the recipient iCMs at 24 h after treatment. Finally, intramyocardial injection of 1.0 × 108 M-EVs demonstrated significantly improved post-MI cardiac function through restoration of bioenergetics and mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusions M-EVs facilitated immediate transfer of their mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial cargos, contributing to improved intracellular energetics in vitro. Intramyocardial injection of M-EVs enhanced post-MI cardiac function in vivo. This therapy can be developed as a novel, precision therapeutic for mitochondria-related diseases including heart failure.
Abstract P36: Lesional Perfusion and Permeability Are Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Cavernous Angioma With Symptomatic Hemorrhage

Introduction: Diagnosis of cavernous angioma with symptomatic hemorrhage (CASH) requires MRI evidence of lesional bleeding associated directly with attributable symptoms. However, hemorrhagic signs...
The Past, Present, and Future of Brown’s Mandate: A View from North Carolina:

The unanimous 1954 Brown v. Board of Education opinion is one of the most consequential legal decisions of the 20th century. Even though it concerned government sanctioned racial segregation of pub...
Survival of rotational alignment in H2 scattering from Si(100)

We report a state-prepared, state-resolved study of rotational scattering of a diatomic molecule from a solid surface. Specifically, H2 molecules with 80 meV kinetic energy are rotationally aligned in the j = 3 rotational state via stimulated Raman pumping and then scattered from a Si(100) surface at normal incidence. The rotational alignment of the scattered molecules is determined by measuring, for both the incident and scattered molecules, the ionization yield of a probe laser, tuned to selectively ionize molecules in the j = 3 rotation level, as the probe laser polarization is rotated. The measurement is performed for two initial rotational alignments: a “helicoptering” alignment with the bonds constrained to lie primarily parallel to the surface and a “cartwheeling” alignment with the bonds lying primarily normal to the surface. For both initial alignments, the modulation of the probe ionization yield with laser polarization for the scattered molecules is pronounced, although significantly weaker than the modulation measured for the incident molecules. This indicates a significant modification but not a complete elimination of the initial alignment. The modulation is found to be stronger for the scattered molecules originating in the cartwheeling alignment than for the helicoptering alignment. These results contribute toward an improved understanding of the role of rotational motion in molecule–surface dynamics.
Rhabdomyolysis-Associated Mutations in Human LPIN1 Lead to Loss of Phosphatidic Acid Phosphohydrolase Activity

Rhabdomyolysis is an acute syndrome due to extensive injury of skeletal muscle. Recurrent rhabdomyolysis is often caused by inborn errors in intermediary metabolism, and recent work has suggested that mutations in the human gene encoding lipin 1 (LPIN1) may be a common cause of recurrent rhabdomyolysis in children. Lipin 1 dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol (phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase; PAP) and acts as a transcriptional regulatory protein to control metabolic gene expression. Herein, a 3-year-old boy with severe recurrent rhabdomyolysis was determined to be a compound heterozygote for a novel c.1904T>C (p.Leu635Pro) substitution and a previously reported genomic deletion of exons 18–19 (E766-S838_del) in LPIN1. Western blotting with patient muscle biopsy lysates demonstrated a marked reduction in lipin 1 protein, while immunohistochemical staining for lipin 1 showed abnormal subcellular localization. We cloned cDNAs to express recombinant lipin 1 proteins harboring pathogenic mutations and showed that the E766-S838_del allele was not expressed at the RNA or protein level. Lipin 1 p.Leu635Pro was expressed, but the protein was less stable, was aggregated in the cytosol, and was targeted for proteosomal degradation. Another pathogenic single amino acid substitution, lipin 1 p.Arg725His, was well expressed and retained its transcriptional regulatory function. However, both p.Leu635Pro and p.Arg725His proteins were found to be deficient in PAP activity. Kinetic analyses demonstrated a loss of catalysis rather than diminished substrate binding. These data suggest that loss of lipin 1-mediated PAP activity may be involved in the pathogenesis of rhabdomyolysis in lipin 1 deficiency.
Memory evaluation in older adults

When older individuals are referred for neuropsychological evaluation, the most common concern is memory dysfunction. This chapter briefly reviews the current models of memory systems within the brain and processing activities fundamental to remembering, to establish a conceptual framework for the clinical evaluation of memory. Research in neuroscience has revealed that remembering is not dependent on a single brain region or brain system but instead reflects the functioning of several neuroanatomically distinct and separable systems within the brain that modulate fundamentally different types of long-term memory. From a cognitive perspective, the major components of these systems are declarative memory and nondeclarative memory. Declarative memory is dependent on a neural system including three interrelated brain regions: the medial temporal lobe, proximal areas within the brain stem known as the diencephalon, and an area just anterior to the diencephalon known as the basal forebrain. Although disorders affecting the neuropsychological status of older adults may have distinctive effects on declarative as compared with nondeclarative memory, clinical evaluation typically focuses on the evaluation of declarative memory. During formal testing, the patient's abilities to acquire, store, and retrieve information in memory are evaluated. In addition, the test battery evaluates several other fundamental dimensions of memory function.
Essentiality of Dietary Phosphatidylcholine for the Survival of Juvenile Lobsters

The inclusion of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in a purified diet is essential for the survival of juvenile lobsters. Attempts to substitute this substance with its alkaline hydrolysis products, fatty acids, an emulsifier or other phospholipids (cephalin, phosphatidylinositol) were not successful. The effectiveness of the PC ingredient in reducing mortality related to a molt death syndrome is dependent upon the source of the compound. Those PC molecules comprised of polyunsaturated fatty acids, were most effective. The lobster's nutritional requirement for PC is probably the result of a low rate of biosynthesis and the physiological role of PC is more probably associated with hemolymph lipoproteins and the transport of lipids, possible cholesterol.
Does the debt market assess large banks, risk?: Time series evidence from money center CDs

Abstract Uninsured bank liabilities should offer a promised yield that compensates depositors for their expected default losses. However, the conjectural, guarantees available to large U.S. banking firms makes it questionable whether large depositors should or do feel themselves exposed to credit risk. Prior papers have evaluated the determinants of bank risk premia using cross-sectional data, with relatively inconclusive results. This paper investigates the same issue in a methodologically independent fashion: using time series data on specific banks' daily offering rates during the period May 1982 through July 1988. We find that CD rates paid by large money center banks include significant default risk premia.
An estimate of neonatal tetanus mortality in Iceland, 1790-1839.

Neonatal tetanus mortality is estimated in 21 clusters of Icelandicparishes, beginning as early as 1790, mostly ending in 1839, using a methodwhich Boerma and Stroh (1993) developed with contemporary data. Icelandicrates averaged about 60 per thousand, ranging from less than 10 to more than250. Analysis and historical evidence suggest farming and especially fowlingcontributed to exposure to infection at birth. The need to obtain ages atdeath in selected intervals by days posed several methodological problems,but similar work on other historic European populations is invited.
Photothermal Superheating of Water with Ion-Implanted Silicon Nanowires

Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal (PT) cancer therapy has been a major focus in nanomedicine due to its potential as an effective, non-invasive, and targeted alternative to traditional cancer therapy based on small-molecule pharmaceuticals[1,2]. Gold nanocrystals have been a primary focus of PT research[3], which can be attributed to their size tunability[4], well understood conjugation chemistry[5], and efficient absorption of NIR radiation in the tissue transparency window (800 nm – 1 μm) due to their size-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances[6].
An electrically robust method for placing power gating switches in voltage islands

Leakage power is quickly becoming a major design concern in modern VLSI chips. One design technique that allows the efficient control and reduction of leakage power involves using voltage islands which can be selectively turned on or off. Power gating switches are huge transistors which connect the voltage island and chip power grids. The power gating switches are turned off to disconnect the power supply from the voltage island when in "idle" or "sleep" state; thus reducing leakage power dissipation. In this paper, we present an efficient and automated algorithm for placing power gating switches in voltage islands so as to meet the electrical requirements of the design while guaranteeing the design specifications of the switches and minimizing their area overhead. Experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in determining an electrically robust placement of power gating switches.
What Makes a Good Column

Columns can be as important to scholarship as monographs and research papers, but this is by no means inevitable. Here is my take on the most important qualities for good columns.