cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Weinstein's Predecay Mixing Effect

The aim of this paper is to compare the predictions of a model with the recent conjecture of Weinstein stating that in particular circumstances the mass and width of a resonance could be altered by the final-state interactions following the production process. This effect, which he calls predecay resonance mixing, should be observed in a reaction in which there is the possibility of producing either one of two resonances of comparable mass as, for example, $\ensuremath{\rho}$ and $\ensuremath{\omega}$. Our model refers explicitly to the $\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\omega}$ case but the conclusions we draw are entirely general and can be applied to any other similar case. Our results can be formulated as follows. No finite-range final-state interaction can displace a resonance or change its width. However, the production amplitude acquires a modulating factor which can, in principle, considerably modify the production cross section. Additional peaks may appear simulating spurious resonances. These could be discriminated from true resonances by studying their energy dependence.
A scheme for calibrating smart camera networks using active lights

As the price of cameras and computing elements continue to fall it becomes increasingly feasible to consider the deployment of smart camera networks. Such networks would be composed of small, networked computers equipped with inexpensive image sensors. Consider, for example, the proliferation of camera equipped cell phones. Such camera networks could be used to support a wide variety of applications including environmental modeling, 3D model construction and surveillance. A number of research efforts at a variety of institutions are currently directed towards realizing aspects of this vision. One critical problem that must be addressed in such systems is the issue of localization. That is, in order to take full advantage of the images gathered from multiple vantage points it is helpful to know where the cameras are located with respect to each other. In our system each of the smart cameras is equipped with a co-located controllable light source which it can use to signal other smart cameras in the vicinity. By analyzing the images that it acquires over time, each smart camera is able to locate and identify other smart cameras in the scene. This arrangement makes it possible to directly determine the epipolar geometry of the camera system from image measurements and, hence, recover the relative positions and orientations of the smart camera nodes. We will demonstrate a small scale version of an auto configuring camera network consisting of 3 to 5 smart cameras, we will show how they can accurately localize each other in real time and how they adapt to changes in the configuration.
Determination of p-cresidine in FD&C red no. 40 by the diazotization and coupling procedure followed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

The free aromatic amine p-cresidine is determined at low ppb (10(9] levels in the regulated color additive FD&C Red No. 40. The determination involves chloroform extraction of p-cresidine and other unsulfonated impurities from the color additive, followed by diazotization of the aromatic amines and coupling with the disodium salt of 3-hydroxy-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (R-salt). The coupling products are then determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Calibration is performed in the presence of the color additive by using the external standard method. The identity of the p-cresidine coupling product is confirmed by obtaining a UV-VIS spectrum of the eluting solute. The presence of aniline in commercial batches is also confirmed in this manner by using 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1-(4-sulfophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (pyrazolone-T) as an alternative coupling agent.
Superconformal RG equation and the superstring theory

Abstract We develop a Wilson-like equation for superconformal transformations. We than apply this equation to the superstring field theory a la Banks and Martinec. We obtain all vertex operators in the NS-NS sector from the solutions to the linearized equation, and the extract the superstring scattering amplitudes from the solutions to the full nonlinear equation.
An Experimental Prediction of the Tropical Atmosphere for the Case of March 1965

Abstract A two-week prediction was made, applying a general circulation model on Kurihara's global grid to an observed data set. The maps for the basic meteorological elements at 10 vertical levels for 5 days in March 1965 were analyzed manually with the aid of nephanalysis charts. This report discusses the forecast results selectively for the tropical areas only. The predicted wind, temperature, and precipitation were compared, whenever possible, with the observed data including satellite cloud pictures. The main objective was to attempt a tropical forecast for a case study, and to obtain a crude idea, based on one sample, about the feasibility of predicting tropical weather systems. Some capability in the prediction of the tropical atmosphere is evident for about 3 days, in particular for the upper troposphere, but the prediction needs considerable improvement for the lower troposphere as well as for the stratosphere.
Citrinin mycotoxicosis in broiler chickens.

Citrinin, a mycotoxin, was administered to chickens by crop gavage in dimethylsulphoxide-70% ethanol (3:1, v/v) or mixed with the diet (commercial starter mash) in four separate trials. The single-dose oral LD50 value in 7-day-old male broiler chicks was found to be 95 mg/kg. The administration of seven daily doses of citrinin equal to a half and three-quarters of the single-dose LD50 produced no additive toxic effects. The development of tissue lesions was studied in chicks killed sequentially after administration of the LD50 in a single dose. Watery diarrhoea and increased water consumption were the most consistent signs of citrinin mycotoxicosis. Histopathological alterations were most prominent in the kidneys and included degeneration and necrosis of tubular epithelial cells of both the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. Hepatic lesions were multiple foci of necrosis and haemorrhage and the severity was correlated with citrinin dose. Lymphoid necrosis and depletion were found in the bursa of Fabricius, thymus, caecal tonsil and spleen in birds given a single and multiple oral doses of citrinin. When chickens were given 100, 250 or 500 ppm citrinin in the diet for 3 wk they showed the clinical signs of citrinin mycotoxicosis and their kidneys were enlarged but no histopathological alterations were found.
Magnetostatic modes of a ferromagnet slab

Abstract The characteristic modes of a thin slab magnetized in its plane are obtained in the magnetostatic limit. It is found that the magnetostatic mode spectrum is bounded by the same frequency limits as for the spheroid. In the slab, however, the mode configuration clearly changes from a volume distribution to a surface wave as the frequency is increased above the extrapolated spin-wave region. In general, the characteristic functions are travelling waves which propagate along the slab transversely to the applied d.c. magnetic field. The mode distribution in wave-vector space is obtained for both the volume and surface modes, and the dependence of mode density on wavelength is discussed. The mode density variation shows that the volume modes connect smoothly to the spin-wave spectrum of a medium of infinite extent. The surface modes also exist even at very short wavelengths, but become statistically less important as the wavelength decreases.
Antiangiogenic Agents for the Treatment of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer: Characterizing the Molecular Basis for Serious Adverse Events

Novel agents to reduce angiogenesis by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor and other proangiogenic signaling pathways are being developed for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Antibody-based therapies (e.g., aflibercept) and multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., sorafenib, sunitinib, and BIBF 1120) are being evaluated in phase III clinical trials. Some antiangiogenic agents have demonstrated distinct profiles in producing a variety of nonhematologic toxicities, including bleeding/hemorrhage, venous and arterial thromboembolic events, gastrointestinal perforation, hypertension, and proteinuria. Elucidating the molecular basis of these toxicities may lead to clinical benefits by improving patient selection and allowing for the development of effective prevention and management strategies.
Mode-based navigation for autonomous mine vehicles

The development of an autonomous mobile robot for use in underground mines is described. The navigation scheme combines elements of both hierarchical control and reactive or subsumptive-type control. The robot navigates by sensing the environment and selecting a navigational mode that is appropriate to the circumstances and to the robot's mission. Examples of navigational modes are wall following, collision avoidance and homing. The modes are implemented in modules formed by combinations of neural network processors and conventional control algorithms. The overall control system architecture and the navigational strategies of the experimental robot vehicle are also described. >
Toward an Actor-Based Measure of Supreme Court Case Salience: Information-Seeking and Engagement during Oral Arguments

Case salience affects nearly every aspect of Supreme Court justices’ behavior, yet a valid actor-based measure of salience has remained elusive. Researchers have instead relied on external proxy indicators, such as amicus curiae participation and media coverage, to explain justices’ behavior. We propose a novel measurement of salience in which we use justices’ differential levels of engagement to generate actor-based measures of case and justice-level salience. Focusing on justices’ behavior during oral argument, we contend that the more engaged the justices are in a case—defined by the number of words they speak—the more salient the case.
How Suburban Families View the Work Orientations of the Welfare Poor: Problems in Social Stratification and Social Policy

Middle-class suburbanites, including adults and teenagers, draw sharp distinctions between themselves and the lower-class welfare poor with respect to work orientations. Certain distinctions are appropriate. The poor reveal less confidence in themselves and greater acceptance of welfare than the middle class. But middle-class respondents mistakenly deny that the work ethic is strong among the poor, fundamentally misunderstand how high work ethic leads to increased feelings of insecurity, and mistakenly project for the poor a strong identification of welfare income with income from quasi-illegal sources. These misperceptions encourage middle-class political leaders and their constituents to support so-called welfare reform which emphasizes a strong work requirement and below-poverty level base payments. A better understanding of interclass perceptions should lead to better public policies and programs regarding the poor.
Greater γ-tocopherol status during acute smoking abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy improved vascular endothelial function by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-prostaglandin F2α.

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) improves the long-term success rate of smoking cessation, but induces oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may delay the restoration of vascular endothelial function (VEF). No studies have examined co-therapy of NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-tocopherol (γ-T), a vitamin E form with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, on improvements in VEF. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, healthy smokers (25 ± 1 y old; mean ± SEM) received NRT and abstained from smoking for 24 h with placebo (n = 12) or oral administration of γ-T-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT; n = 11) that provided 500 mg γ-T. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and biomarkers of nitric oxide metabolism, antioxidant status, inflammation, and lipid peroxidation [8-iso-prostaglandin F2α stereoisomers (8-iso-15(R)-PGF2α and 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α)] were measured prior to and after 24 h of smoking abstinence. Smoking abstinence with NRT regardless of γ-TmT similarly decreased urinary naphthol (P < 0.05) without affecting plasma cotinine. γ-TmT increased plasma γ-T by 4-times and the urinary metabolite of γ-T, γ-carboxyethyl-chromanol, by three times. Smoking abstinence with γ-TmT, but not smoking abstinence alone, increased FMD without affecting plasma nitrate/nitrite or the ratio of asymmetric dimethylarginine/arginine. Urinary 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α decreased only in those receiving γ-TmT and was inversely correlated to FMD (R = -0.43, P < 0.05). Circulating markers of inflammation were unaffected by smoking abstinence or γ-TmT. Short-term NRT-assisted smoking abstinence with γ-TmT, but not NRT-assisted smoking abstinence alone, improved VEF by decreasing 8-iso-15(S)-PGF2α, a vasoconstrictor that was otherwise unaffected by NRT-assisted smoking abstinence.
Race, Narrative Inquiry, and Self-Study in Curriculum and Teacher Education

It is critical for teacher educators to examine their own practices because what they do, say, and model in the classroom have the potential to influence teachers and students in P through 12 classrooms. In this chapter, I use narrative inquiry and self-study to examine my own curricula decisions in teaching race in a course with mostly White teacher-education students. Race, of course, is socially and legally constructed (see, for instance, Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995; Tate, 1997). It does, from my research and experience, involve the interpretation of an individual’s skin color. Individuals from different biological groups are more the same than they are different. Studies that suggest that biology/genes are to blame for disparities, for instance, are faulty. These same analyses also suggest, however, that race is so ingrained in how we view each other that it cannot be overlooked or ignored (Bell, 1992; Ladson-Billings, 1998). Using racialized narratives in teacher-education courses can help circumvent resistance and disengagement among education students where race and racism are concerned. Such a focus is important to the education of students in all schools, and particularly to students in urban schools. Urban schools are often populated by students of color and students from lower social classes, while teachers are overwhelming White and middle class.
Cytokine profiling: A tool for predicting early MOF in trauma patients

ESULTS: 2258 patients included in the AO group, 2021 atients in the AO group. Demographics and injury severity ere similar. Incidence of VAP, sacral decubiti, wound dehisence, SIRS, renal failure and sepsis were similar between the roups. However, abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) (90 s. 31, p 0.001), pulmonary failure (721 vs. 528, p 0.001), atheter related infections (75 vs. 50, p 0.004), and surgical site nfections (101 vs. 44, p 0.001) were significantly less in the O group.
Optimal information bit decoding of linear block codes

We consider the problem of decoding a linear block code used over a binary symmetric channel with crossover probability p when the goal of the decoding is to minimize the probability of an information bit error. In general, there will be several different decoding strategies, each corresponding to the optimal rule over some range p/spl isin/[p/sub i-1/, p/sub i/]. Each of these strategies can be implemented by standard array with the appropriate choice of coset leaders that are not in general of minimum weight. We give optimal rules for selecting coset leaders in the first region [0, p/sub 1/] and the region [p/sub max/, 1/2] for any linear mapping between information bits and codewords. The determination of the optimal rule has been an open problem for small p. The rule for p>p/sub max/ is important because for many codes, when p is fixed the optimal rule for any coset corresponds to either the optimal rule for small p, or the optimal rule for p near 1/2. The optimal decoding strategy varies with the generator matrix used in general, but it is demonstrated that the optimal generator matrix is separable when d/sup /spl perp//>2. The results are shown to extend in a natural way to the case where the goal is to minimize the probability that arbitrary collections of information bits are in error. We examine some specific codes, and compare the performance under optimal decoding to the performance of previously suggested strategies. >
Efficient Transient Analysis of Power Grids

An efficient technique to establish a constant matrix with variable step-size multi-step formulas is presented for transient analysis of linear power grids. Instead of deriving new formulas with a constant leading coefficient, it is shown that, if the step change is relatively small, a constant matrix can also be obtained by carefully allocating the integration points and using the existing variable step-size multi-step formulas with proven accuracy and stability. Thus, with the technique proposed in this paper, LU decompositions are needed only for large step changes, and the computational efficiency of variable step methods can, therefore, be improved by effectively reducing the number of LU decompositions in transient analyses.
An improved algorithm for neural network classification of imbalanced training sets

The backpropagation algorithm converges very slowly for two-class problems in which most of the exemplars belong to one dominant class. An analysis shows that this occurs because the computed net error gradient vector is dominated by the bigger class so much that the net error for the exemplars in the smaller class increases significantly in the initial iteration. The subsequent rate of convergence of the net error is very low. A modified technique for calculating a direction in weight-space which decreases the error for each class is presented. Using this algorithm, the rate of learning for two-class classification problems is accelerated by an order of magnitude. >
Educational scholarship as a route to academic promotion: a depiction of surgical education scholars.

Abstract Background Education is the central component of academic medicine. Historically, academic promotion has favored clinician-investigators over clinician-educators. However, there are increasing numbers of individuals pursuing education scholarship as their academic focus. This study sought to describe these individuals and their experiences with academic promotion. Methods A cross-sectional survey of surgical educators was undertaken, eliciting demographic data and attitudes toward educational efforts and promotion. Results Advanced academic rank was associated with male gender, age, publication on education topics, funding for research in education, recipient of teaching awards, and status as officer in an education association. Conclusions Educational scholarship is a viable pathway for academic promotion when sentinel components are included.
Catalytic dehydroisomerization of n-alkanes to isoalkenes

An equilibrated mixture of pentene isomers was produced by dehydroisomerization of n-pentane on catalysts consisting of Pt clusters within [Fe]ZSM-5 channels. These catalysts showed high isomerization rates, excellent stability even without added H2, and isopentene selectivities above 60%. Metal sites on Pt clusters dehydrogenate n-alkanes and n-alkenes formed undergo skeletal rearrangements with high selectivity on weak acid sites prevalent in Na-[Fe]ZSM-5 after reduction of exchanged Pt cations. Zeolite channels inhibit side reactions and sintering processes that cause rapid deactivation on unprotected Pt clusters.
The economic measurement and determinants of diversity

This paper has a 2-fold objective: (1) To introduce a measure that would be of general applicability in measuring diversity in different institutions. (2) To identify the determinants of diversity in child-care centers and, in particular, to examine whether the for-profit sector is less diverse than the not-for-profit sector in the child-care industry as the statistics suggest. Using our measure, we isolate factors that significantly influence diversity by using an economic model that makes diversity a decision variable of a firm. Two measures of diversity are suggested: absolute diversity and relative diversity (diversity relative to the surrounding community). To select a suitable index, the Herfindahl measure of concentration is considered relative to several suitable ecological indices measuring species diversity, and found to be virtually identical to such indices. Thus theH-index is used in both absolute and relative measures. Empirical estimation of both absolute and relative diversity equations use probability models and isolate factors that significantly influence both absolute diversity of child-care centers as well as their diversity relative to their respective counties. The data used is the recently released Profile of Child-Care Settings collected by the Mathematica Policy Research.
Rights, Institutions, and Foreign Direct Investment: An Empirical Assessment

A burgeoning body of literature assesses the sociopolitical factors that influence investment decisions, including the nature of domestic institutions, societal rights, and participation in international institutions and agreements. Oddly enough, these have evolved largely as separate lines of research, and little effort has been made to compare the relative importance of these sociopolitical factors in making investment decisions. Moreover, though the diverse nature of foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely noted, extant research relies almost exclusively upon the examination of aggregate FDI. As a result, scholars have little insight into the ways that investors prioritize these factors, or how they vary across different industries. In an effort to synthesize these strands of research and further deepen our understanding of the determinants of investment decisions, this study models the prospective impact of several sociopolitical variables that have been found to significantly influence FDI—human rights, democratic governance, and commitment to international trade agreements and investment treaties—across multiple investment sectors.
Parvovirus B19 Infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Persons Failing or Intolerant to Zidovudine Therapy

To determine the incidence of B19 infection in patients with AIDS who were being treated with dideoxyinosine, serial sera (n = 28) taken over a 2-year period from 14 individuals were analyzed with respect to anti-B19 serology and the presence of B19 DNA. All 14 individuals were anti-B19 IgM negative. Nine of 14 had B19 viremia by Southern analysis of polymerase chain reaction product. Five of 9 with B19 viremia had > or = 1 anti-B19 IgG-positive sample; none of 5 without viremia had anti-B19 IgG. Four of 9 viremic individuals had serially positive samples. All 4 had severe anemia (hemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL) while taking zidovudine. A fifth individual whose severe anemia resolved after zidovudine was discontinued did not have B19 viremia. Therefore, a significant proportion of this group of patients with AIDS who developed severe anemia while receiving zidovudine had persistent B19 infection. These results suggest that B19 infection should be considered in anemic patients with AIDS.
Thermal Analysis of As-received and Clinically Retrieved Copper-nickel-titanium Orthodontic Archwires

Abstract Objective: To compare as-received copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi) archwires to those used in patients by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, the thermal or phase properties of 27°C, 35°C, and 40°C CuNiTi archwires were studied to ascertain if their properties match those indicated by the manufacturer. Materials and Methods: Six wires of 27°C, 35°C, and 40°C CuNiTi were tested as-received, and six each of the 27°C and 35°C wires were examined after use in patients for an average of approximately 9 and 7 weeks, respectively. Segments of archwire were investigated by DSC over the temperature range from −100°C to 150°C at 10°C per minute. Results: There were no significant differences between as-received and clinically used 27°C and 35°C wires for all parameters (heating onset, endset, and enthalpy and cooling onset, endset, and enthalpy), except the 27°C wires exhibited a significant decrease in the heating enthalpy associated with the martensite-to-austenite transition after cli...
Register Multimapping: A technique for reducing register bank conflicts in processors with large register files

In this paper, we investigate Register Multimapping as a technique to reduce register bank conflicts for processors with large register files, but relatively slow clock speeds. Register multimapping involves mapping an architectural register to multiple physical registers belonging to different banks. Reads can proceed using any of the physical registers, thereby minimizing read bank conflicts. Write conflicts can be minimized by allowing delayed allocation of physical registers [5]. Our experiments show that register multimapping can result in performance improvements up to 15% (10% on average) over baseline processors that are port-constrained. Improvements are up to 13% (5.5% on average) over port-constrained processors that support delayed allocation of registers.
When Do Microbes Stimulate Rheumatoid Factor

Anti–γ-globulins or rheumatoid factors (RF) were first described in the early 1940s. They are present in >70% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and high titers are associated with severe disease, but they also appear in a large number of other diseases including viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections (1). In spite of their wide spread occurrence, it is still a puzzle how or why RF are generated.
Parallel solution of a traffic flow simulation problem

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods for solving traffic flow continuum models have been studied and efficiently implemented in traffic simulation codes in the past. This is the first time that such methods are studied from the point of view of parallel computing. We studied and implemented an implicit numerical method for solving the high-order flow conservation traffic model on parallel computers. Implicit methods allow much larger time-step than explicit methods, for the same accuracy. However, at each time-step a nonlinear system must be solved. We used the Newton method coupled with a linear iterative method (Orthomin). We accelerated the convergence of Orthomin with parallel incomplete LU factorization preconditionings. We ran simulation tests with real traffic data from an 12-mile freeway section (in Minnesota) on the nCUBE2 parallel computer. These tests gave the same accuracy as past tests, which were performed on one-processor computers, and the overall execution time was significantly reduced.
Measurement of lipoprotein lipase activity in post heparin plasma: description of technique

A method has been described for the quantitative assay of lipoprotein lipase activity in post heparin plasma. The conditions of the assay were subjected to critical study. The technique described permits the reaction to proceed in the test tube as a zero order reaction. It is believed that this technique will permit accurate quantitative study of lipoprotein lipase activity in different groups of patients. The rate of lipolysis was compared with the rate of clearing of lipemic plasma. The ratio of the rate of lipolysis to the rate of clearing was quite variable in normal subjects. This suggests that the use of the clearing technique to study lipoprotein lipase activity in different groups of patients, or under different experimental conditions, may give misleading results.
Circular and longitudinal muscles shortening indicates sliding patterns during peristalsis and transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation

Esophageal axial shortening is caused by longitudinal muscle (LM) contraction, but circular muscle (CM) may also contribute to axial shortening because of its spiral morphology. The goal of our stu...
Calcium Content of Mycodiplosis alternata (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Galls

Galls caused by the dogwood club-gall midge, Mycodiplosis alternata Felt, are common on young twigs of flowering dogwood trees, Cornus florida L. As part of an investigation of cycling of calcium by this understory tree species, galls on trees which had been tagged with 45Ca were analyzed to determine their effect on the distribution of weight, stable calcium, and 45Ca in the branches. Witherspoon (1964) found that cynipid wasp galls on stems of white oak trees containing 334Cs had higher concentrations of the isotope per unit weight than did the remainder of the stem.
From the perspective of culture in rural areas to achieve the construction well-off society comprehensively

In the course of building a well-off society comprehensively in our country,the rural areas well-off is the key of building a moderate prosperous society in all aspects.Only when the countryside develops well,we can guarantee the goal of comprehensive construction affluent society to realize smoothly.But in the rural reconstruction process,cultural backwardness is the crucial factor to overall well-off.Cultural backwardness resulted in down the farmers' quality,low levels of agricultural and rural modernization.Therefore,in order to promote cultural development in rural areas to rural well-off.We must focus on cultivating knowledge-based farmers,and improve the rural cultural policies and cultural facilities.
Evaluation of the Epidemiological Effect of Measles Vaccine Supplemental Immunization Activities in Guangzhou 2009

Objective To evaluate the epidemiological effect of Supplemental immunization activities(SIAs) of measles vaccine.Method Epidemic situation network system data of disease control and prevention had been used to analyze the spatial,temporal and population characteristics of measles after SIAs.Results All kinds of index of SIAs had reached the target.Inoculation rates were above 95%.The measles cases in 2009 had decreased 80.29% compared with 2008.Constituent ratios of 8 month～14years old target population case were 51.58% and 41.48% respectively in 2008 and 2009.There had statistical difference in the incidence between 2008 and 2009 of floating population(P 0.05).The scattered children and the areas concentrated with floating population showed higher incidence of the disease.Conclusions The SIAs of measles vaccine in 2009 showed a positive effect on the control of measles epidemic situation.It established the good basic for the following supplemental immunization activities and the target of eradicating measles.
Research on the Kinematic Model and the Virtual Prototype of 6DOF ParallelLink Coordinate Measuring Machine

First,the structure,the measuring theory and characteristics of a kind of 6DOF parallellink coordinate measuring machine based on the Stewart platform are introduced in this paper.Then,the kinematic model of it is established according to the theory of the spatial mechanics,and the virtual prototype of the parallellink CMM is studied by using the graphics functions in the OpenGL graphics library based on Windows XP and Visual C++ 6.0.
New Approaches to the Treatment of Hepatic Malignancies Angiogenesis and Antiangiogenic Therapy of Colon Cancer Liver Metastasis

The fact that tumor growth and metastatic spread relies on angiogenesis has been widely proven and accepted. The understanding of cancer biology and metastasis formation has led to the development of new therapeutic approaches that target tumor biology. The survival and establishment of metastatic lesions depend on a shift in the normal balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors that favor angiogenesis. Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancer deaths worldwide. Angiogenesis has been associated with colon cancer progression and metastatic spread, thereby significantly affecting patient survival. New experimental approaches that inhibit angiogenic processes have demonstrated promising antineoplastic effects on metastatic colorectal cancer and are partially being investigated in clinical trials. This review focuses on angiogenesis in colorectal cancer metastasis formation as a target for antiangiogenic therapy, describing the experience from experimental studies and current clinical trials.
Perceptual overloading reveals illusory contour perception without awareness of the inducers

Unconscious perception is frequently examined by restricting visual input (e.g., using short stimulus durations followed by masking) to prevent that information from entering visual awareness. Failures to demonstrate perception without awareness may thus be a consequence of this restricted input rather than of limitations in unconscious perception. Here, we demonstrate a novel method that circumvents these significant drawbacks inherent in other methods. Using this new perceptual overloading technique (POT), in which stimuli are repeatedly presented in alternation with a stream of variable masks, we demonstrate illusory contour perception and modal completion even when subjects are completely unaware of the inducing elements. In addition to demonstrating a powerful new method to study consciousness by effectively gating robust visual input from visual awareness, we show that more complex contextual effects, previously considered to be a privilege only of conscious vision, can occur without awareness.
ESD robust 800V SCR-JFET with p+ ballast structure

ESD robustness enhancement study of an 800V JFET including the SCR structure is conducted. A p+ ballast structure is introduced in the device and ESD robustness improvement is demonstrated with 3D TCAD simulations. Based on the TCAD study results, a ballasted device is fabricated and improved ESD performance is successfully obtained.
Case Study 3. Testing Predictions: Eugene Dubois and the Missing Link

As the implications of Darwin’s theories on human evolution were absorbed by the scientific community, interest grew to understand the biological nature of our ancestors. In Germany, Ernst Haeckel constructed a theoretical model of our history all the way back to single-celled organisms. Each of his 22 stages was a link in an evolutionary chain. Some ancestors were reasonably represented by living species, others were “missing.” Among the missing links were the last two before humans. Haeckel named these man-like apes and ape-like men and described their essential characteristics. However, hypotheses that have not been tested are only informed speculation. We test hypotheses by making predictions and seeing whether those are fulfilled. Haeckel’s model inspired Eugene Dubois, to go to the far side of the globe in search of the fossils to fill his gaps. In the following case study, Dubois ostensibly tested a vague theoretical abstraction; but what was really at stake is the hypothesis that humans evolved.
Capture These Indians for the Lord: Indians, Methodists, and Oklahomans, 1844–1939, Tash Smith. University of Arizona Press, Tuscon (2014), 246 pp

At the fifty-seventh annual Western Social Science Association Conference, the Rural and Agricultural Studies Section gathered for their 10th roundtable book discussion, focused on historian Tash S...
Ideal wollastonite and the structural relationship between the pyroxenoids and pyroxenes

A hypothetical ideal wollastonite with regular octahedra and T3 tetrahedron is presented and used to compare and contrast the pyroxenes and pyroxenoids. While clinopyroxenes have close-packed arrangements of oxygen anions, several lines of evidence demonstrate that pyroxenoids do not. One such line is the number of tetrahedra in a single tetrahedral chain per octahedra in a single associated octahedral chain (interior to the octahedral band), referred to as the “single-chain T:O ratio,” which is 1:1 in pyroxenes but 3:2 in wollastonite and always greater than 1:1 in other MSiO3 pyroxenoids. Because the Si-tetrahedron is extremely resistant to distortion, this forces marked distortion in at least one pyroxenoid octahedral site. The octahedral layers in pyroxenes and pyroxenoids are compared by placing them in the context of a fully occupied, closest-packed sheet of idealized octahedra, and it is shown that they are fundamentally different. The new mineral yangite is analyzed from the perspective developed in this study. It is structurally similar to the pyroxenoids, but the structure is a new type because it contains double tetrahedral chains and mixed polyhedral layers containing double chains of tetrahedra and bands of octahedra of width two. The tetrahedral chains are wollastonite-type chains and the wollastonite-type double chain is shown to have important differences from the amphibole double chain. A possible explanation for the existence of this crystal structure based on a hydrogen bond between Pb and O is presented.
Epigenetic Regulation of Gammaherpesviruses: A Focus on Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8)

Gammaherpesviruses are ubiquitous in nature and infect a broad range of animal species. They have a biphasic life cycle that alternates between latent and lytic phases and are able to maintain a persistent infection for long periods. Both Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) are oncogenic viruses that are known to cause several lymphoproliferative diseases in humans. EBV and KSHV persist as viral episomes that orchestrate very tightly controlled programs of gene expression, whereby a distinct subset of viral genes is expressed during the latent phase. Various stimuli can induce lytic reactivation of both viruses, which results in expression of lytic genes and is accompanied by changes in histone modification and DNA methylation. CTCF and cohesin binding provide segregation of chromatin loops as well as cross talk between different regions of the genome. Furthermore, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) provide an additional layer of epigenetic regulation for gammaherpesviruses. MAPit, a single-molecule footprinting assay, has revealed the occurrence of several subtypes of chromatin architecture at various KSHV promoters, suggesting the presence of heterogeneity within the population of KSHV viral episomes. In this chapter, we discuss the epigenetic regulation of gammaherpesviruses during latency and lytic reactivation, with a primary focus on KSHV.
Effects of Clonidine and Hydrochlorothiazide on the Cardiovascular Response to Mental Stress in Adolescent Hypertension

1. The effects of clonidine and hydrochlorothiazide on the cardiovascular responses to mental stess were compared in 29 adolescents with essential hypertension. 2. Clonidine therapy was associated with lower diastolic pressures, heart rate and noradrenaline in response to mental stress. By contrast, hydrochlorothiazide resulted in the reduction of systolic pressure only. The mental stress testing produced a greater absolute diastolic pressure response and higher plasma noradrenaline on hydrochlorothiazide therapy. 3. Juveniles with essential hypertension may be more sensitive to central control of blood pressure and more resistant to diuretics. 4. The reduced diastolic pressure and heart rate response to central stimuli during clonidine therapy may be related to decreased adrenergic activity, as indicated by lower plasma noradrenaline.
Does a Scientific Breakthrough Increase Confidence in Science? News of a Zika Vaccine and Trust in Science:

How can public support for science be encouraged? In early August 2016, a Zika vaccine entered its first human trial. Extensive media coverage followed. Using repeated cross-sectional surveys, we observed that, following this media coverage, survey respondents reported greater attention to Zika news and an increased trust in science as providing solutions to problems. Whereas the increase in attention was long-lived, lasting 6 weeks or more, the increase in trust was short-lived, lasting only 2 weeks. This result provides insight into the duration of media effects and suggests conditions that facilitate trust in science.
O-006 Van elvo (vision, aphasia, neglect) emergent large vessel occlusion study

Introduction/Purpose Identification of large vessel occlusion (LVO) has become increasingly important with the recent publications of five favorable acute stroke thrombectomy trials. Many LVO screening scales have arisen, but none have been prospectively evaluated on the same patients to see which is most accurate. Methods VAN, a screening tool designed based on neurovascular anatomy was published in JNIS last year. We used the prospectively collected NIHSS to derive RACE (Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation Scale), FAST ED (Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination), and CPSSS (Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Severity Scale) on the same patients and had our Nurses perform VAN exam since it is the only one not based solely on the NIHSS questions. The accuracy of RACE, FAST ED, CPSS, and VAN for identification of LVO was analyzed for positive predictive value (PPV), sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), specificity, and overall accuracy. Stroke mimics where not removed as this would reflect real life use. Results 303 acute stroke codes were activated during the screening period. 36 had LVOs. RACE, FAST ED, CPSSS, and VAN each had an overall accuracy of 89.4%, 92.4%, 90.4%, and 96.7% respectively. VAN out performed all other tools in PPV, Sensitivity, NPV, Specificity, and Accuracy. VAN consistently identified LVOs in patients with NIHSS less than ten which no other tool did consistently. RACE Rapid Arterial oCclusion Evaluation Scale, FAST ED: Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination, VAN: Vision, Aphasia, Neglect, CPSSS: Cincinnati Pre-hospital Stroke Severity Scale, Conclusion In this large cohort, the VAN screening tool has been validated and identified LVO more accurately than any other screening tool. This suggests that severity scoring is less accurate than the type of stroke screening. A larger study to reproduce validation in the ED and in the field for triage is warranted. Disclosures M. Teleb: None. A. Ver Hage: None.
Case 33-2017. 22-Month-Old Conjoined Twins.

Dicephalic, dithoracic, omphalo-ischiopagus 22-month-old conjoined twins were evaluated in the pediatric surgery clinic. Twin A was smaller and less active than Twin B; imaging studies revealed complex congenital heart disease. Management decisions were made.
Chlamydomonas: The Eyespot

Vision evolved in motile, single-celled, green algae to enhance photosynthetic capability. A specialized structure within the cell, the eyespot, aids in the detection of light direction and is key to improving the efficiency of phototactic behavior. The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii eyespot is the most well-studied photoreceptive structure guiding cellular movement. Crucial features required for function as a light-sensing organelle and signal transducer affecting swimming behavior are (1) a light-signal transduction cascade, i.e., photon capture, membrane depolarization, and flagellar waveform change; (2) a structure that allows discernment of light direction, i.e., the elaborate layered membrane organization of the eyespot; and (3) precise placement of the organelle relative to the flagella, required for coupling the space/time of light reception to the space/time of the flagellar response accurately. Here we summarize what is known about eyespot function, assembly and placement, and highlight the development of new tools and approaches that will aid in illuminating Chlamydomonas eyespot structure and function.
Forced Decryption and the Fifth Amendment: A Technical Perspective

It is not sufficient to do justice by obtaining a proper result by irregular or improper means. Chief Justice Earl Warren Miranda v. Arizona , 384 U.S. 436 (1966)
Glycosylation of Proteins — A Major Challenge in Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics

Although we have known for many years that most cell surface and extracellular proteins are glycosylated, only recently have we come to appreciate that most proteins within the nucleus and cytoplasm are also dynamically modified by the addition and removal of saccharides [1]. Indeed, in eukaryotes most polypeptides are glycosylated. Extracellular protein-bound glycans are generally complex and large, whereas cytosolic and nuclear glycans are often modified by simple monosaccharides [2]. Each unique type of protein glycosylation presents special challenges to the structural analyses or identification of glycoproteins by mass spectrometry (MS)[3–9]. MS analyses of extracellular or cell-surface glycoproteins are complicated by the enormous structural diversity of the glycan side chains, by their large size, by the astonishing site-specific structural variability of glycans, and by the fact that many component monosaccharides have the same mass. Mass spectrometric analysis of O-G1cNAc-bearing nuclear and cytoplasmic glycoproteins is confounded by the highly-dynamic nature of the modification [10], causing sub-stoichiometric levels at single sites, by the inherent insensitivity of the method to glycopeptides as compared to unmodified peptides, and most importantly, by the lability of the saccharide linkage under most MS analytical conditions [11, 12]. Nonetheless, mass spectrometry of all types is the most powerful tool currently available to the glycoscientist interested in the structure/functions of posttranslationally modified proteins as they actually occur in biological systems.
THE REACTION OF OXYGEN WITH THIN CRYSTALS OF COPPER

Single crystal films of (100) copper 800 a thick were annealed to produce wide complex stacking faults and high surface terraces. They were then treated with oxygen gas at pressures varying from 10−1 to 2 × 10−4 torr at 525°C and at 10−3 torr at 425°C. Electron micrographs showed that isolated grains of Cu2O were formed with three distinct crystallographic orientations: (110), (111) and (100) planes of the oxide parallel to the copper film. The sites were random at 10−1 and 10−2 torr, but at the lowest pressure the number of grains located on stacking faults was four times greater than that of a random distribution. The three types of oxide grains differed in their initial shapes and also in the directions of their subsequent growth. The growth rates were constant but varied among the three. At the lowest pressure the growth rate of the (110) grains was much greater if they lay on stacking faults. Direct evidence was obtained for the influence of oxygen on the surface diffusion of copper.
μDamID: a microfluidic approach for imaging and sequencing protein-DNA interactions in single cells

Abstract Genome regulation depends on carefully programmed protein-DNA interactions that maintain or alter gene expression states, often by influencing chromatin organization. Most studies of these interactions to date have relied on bulk methods, which in many systems cannot capture the dynamic single-cell nature of these interactions as they modulate cell states. One method allowing for sensitive single-cell mapping of protein-DNA interactions is DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID), which records a protein’s DNA-binding history by methylating adenine bases in its vicinity, then selectively amplifies and sequences these methylated regions. These interaction sites can also be visualized using fluorescent proteins that bind to methyladenines. Here we combine these imaging and sequencing technologies in an integrated microfluidic platform (μDamID) that enables single-cell isolation, imaging, and sorting, followed by DamID. We apply this system to generate paired single-cell imaging and sequencing data from a human cell line, in which we map and validate interactions between DNA and nuclear lamina proteins, providing a measure of 3D chromatin organization and broad gene regulation patterns. μDamID provides the unique ability to compare paired imaging and sequencing data for each cell and between cells, enabling the joint analysis of the nuclear localization, sequence identity, and variability of protein-DNA interactions.