cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sandstone HPC: A Domain-General Gateway for New HPC Users

The complexity of high-performance computing (HPC) resources poses many challenges to new users. A number of science gateways have been developed to increase the productivity of novice users by hiding the underlying infrastructure, however these solutions tend not to teach HPC skills that transfer easily outside of the gateway. In this paper we introduce a domain-general gateway, Sandstone HPC, that represents the HPC environment more naturally to novice users by abstracting the command-line interface and providing contextual help. We assess the degree to which Sandstone HPC improves upon the usability of the command-line interface by analyzing the results of a usability study conducted on both environments. We will also detail how the architecture promotes long-term sustainability and a community-development model.
Randomized open-label trial of dextromethorphan in Rett syndrome

Objective: To determine safety and perform a preliminary assessment of dose-dependent efficacy of dextromethorphan in normalizing electrographic spikes, clinical seizures, and behavioral and cognitive functions in girls with Rett syndrome. Methods: We used a prospective randomized, open-label trial in fast metabolizers of dextromethorphan to examine the effect of dextromethorphan on core clinical features of Rett syndrome. Interictal spike activity and clinical seizures were determined using EEG and parent reporting. Cognitive data were obtained using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, while behavioral data were obtained from parent-completed checklists, the Aberrant Behavior Checklist–Community Version, and the Screen for Social Interaction. Anthropometric data were obtained according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The Rett Syndrome Severity Scale provided a clinical global impression of the effect of dextromethorphan on clinical severity. Results: Dextromethorphan is safe for use in 3- to 15-year-old girls with Rett syndrome. Thirty-five girls were treated with 1 of 3 doses of dextromethorphan over a period of 6 months. Statistically significant dose-dependent improvements were seen in clinical seizures, receptive language, and behavioral hyperactivity. There was no significant improvement in global clinical severity as measured by the Rett Syndrome Severity Scale. Conclusions: Dextromethorphan is a potent noncompetitive antagonist of the NMDA receptor channel that is safe for use in young girls with Rett syndrome. Preliminary evidence suggests that dextromethorphan may improve some core features of Rett syndrome. Classification of evidence: This study provides Class IV evidence that dextromethorphan at various doses does not change EEG spike counts over 6 months, though precision was limited to exclude an important effect.
Quadratic Polynomials and the Symplectic Group

In Chapters 14 and 15, we studied in detail the Heisenberg Lie algebra as the Lie algebra of linear functions on phase space.
Feminist inter/modernist studies

The publication of Feminist Modernist Studies is the catalyst for this article’s remit: despite continuing efforts to expand what was once a modernist field largely populated by male authors, artis...
Predictive values for food challenge-induced severe reactions: development of a simple food challenge score.

BACKGROUND Skin-prick tests (SPT), food-specific immunoglobulin E level (sIgE) and clinical history have limited value individually in predicting the severity of outcome of the oral food challenge (OFC). OBJECTIVES To develop a score that accounts for SPT, sIgE and clinical history to predict the risk of severe reaction to the OFC. METHODS A 5 year retrospective chart review was performed on 983 children who underwent OFC to egg, milk and peanut. RESULTS Using multilogistic regression, four major indicators were found to be independently associated with failed OFC: sIgE (odds ratio = 1.04, P < 0.0001), wheal size of the SPT (OR = 1.23, P < 0.0001), a history of any prior reaction to the food (OR = 1.13, P < 0.01), and a history of a prior non-cutaneous reaction (OR = 1.99, P < 0.01); and three were independently associated with anaphylaxis: wheal size (OR = 1.16, P < 0.001), a history of a prior non-cutaneous reaction (OR = 4.24, P < 0.01), and age (OR = 1.07, P < 0.03). A Food Challenge Score (0-4) was developed which accounted for SPT wheal, sIgE, a history of a prior non-cutaneous reaction, and age. A score of 0-1 had a negative predictive value for multisystem reaction to the OFC: 95% for milk, 91% for egg and 93% for peanut. A score of 3-4 had a positive predictive value for anaphylaxis: 62% for milk, 92% for egg and 86% for peanut. CONCLUSIONS Severe reaction to milk, egg and peanut OFC can be predicted using a simple score that takes into account clinical data that are commonly available prior to the challenges.
A Novel Nonisolated Z -Source DC–DC Converter for Photovoltaic Applications

Pollution problems caused by fossil fuels have led to more investigations on renewable energy systems. Photovoltaic cells and fuel cells output low-level voltage than required; therefore, high gain dc–dc converters are used to boost this low voltage. The Z -source converter can be employed as dc–dc converter to boost the photovoltaic panel voltages. It also offers other advantages, such as clamped switched voltage, high voltage gain, isolation of energy source from the load, and positive polarity for output voltage; therefore, this is a good choice for high step-up applications. This paper presents analysis of a novel high step-up Z -source based dc–dc converter that has higher voltage gain than the Z -source converter. Furthermore, high efficiency, low device voltage stress, and wide voltage gain range make it a good candidate for photovoltaic and high voltage step-up applications. The proposed dc–dc converter is evaluated experimentally for converting 24-V dc input to 300-V dc output at 100 W and to validate the simulation results.
Altered Cortical and Hippocampal Excitability in TgF344-AD Rats Modeling Alzheimer's Disease Pathology

Current findings suggest that accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain disrupt synaptic function in hippocampal-cortical neuronal networks leading to impairment in cognitive and affective functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Development of new disease-modifying AD drugs are challenging due to the lack of predictive animal models and efficacy assays. In the present study we recorded neural activity in TgF344-AD rats, a transgenic model with a full array of AD pathological features, including age-dependent Aβ accumulation, tauopathy, neuronal loss, and cognitive impairments. Under urethane anesthesia, TgF344-AD rats showed significant age-dependent decline in brainstem-elicited hippocampal theta oscillation and decreased theta-phase gamma-amplitude coupling comparing to their age-matched wild-type counterparts. In freely-behaving condition, the power of hippocampal theta oscillation and gamma power during sharp-wave ripples were significantly lower in TgF344-AD rats. Additionally, these rats showed impaired coherence in both intercortical and hippocampal-cortical network dynamics, and increased incidence of paroxysmal high-voltage spindles, which occur during awake, behaviorally quiescent state. TgF344-AD rats demonstrated impairments in sensory processing, having diminished auditory gating and 40-Hz auditory evoked steady-state response. The observed differences in neurophysiological activities in TgF344-AD rats, which mirror several abnormalities described in AD patients, may be used as promising markers to monitor disease-modifying therapies.
The Fossil and Modern Fish Faunas of Antarctica: Evolution and Diversity

The paleontological exploration of Antartica is constrained by unusual physiographic conditions. For example, the average thickness of the ice cap is 2160 m and only 2.4% of the continent’s rock surface is exposed above the ice at various coastal and mountainous sites (Drewry 1983). Antarctica has also experienced extreme tectonic displacement and accompanying paleoenvironmental change during geologic time. Nevertheless, the existing fossil record indicates that fish have inhabited waters in and around Antarctica at various intervals during the past several hundred million years. These faunas are separated by large gaps in time and are not ancestral to each other. Collectively, however, they indicate that freshwater and marine biotas diversified in the antarctic component of Gondwana at specific intervals during the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras.
The response of female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, to chemical stimuli from injured conspecifics

Predation is an important component of the life history and behavior of many fish. In some species of teleost fishes, conspecifics respond to chemical stimuli from injured conspecifics by displaying a fright response, such as increased cohesion of schooling. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether female guppies, Poecilia reticulata, display a fright response when exposed to a filtered extract made from wounded conspecifics. The schooling behavior of female guppies was observed for ten minute periods for each of three treatments: baseline treatment (no substances added to the aquarium water), sham treatment (distilled water added to the aquarium water), and alarm treatment (fish extract added to the aquarium water). Female guppies responded with a fright reaction when exposed to a filtered extract prepared from wounded conspecifics; female swam in a more cohesive school during the alarm treatment than they did in either the baseline or sham treatments. The guppy fright reaction response indicates that the fish extract is recognized by conspecifics.
The integration of receptor-regulated intracellular calcium release and calcium entry across the plasma membrane.

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a summarization of some of the current knowledge about the mechanisms by which cellular calcium (Ca 2+ ) is regulated by agonists acting through the phosphoinositide system. The initial, agonist-induced [Ca 2+ ]i signal in such cells is derived from the Ca 2+ releasing actions of (1,4,5)IP 3 on at least one specific intracellular Ca 2+ -sequestering organelle. However, it is also likely that this process may be regulated, either by metabolites of (1,4,5)IP 3 , such as (1,3,4,5)IP 4 , or by other second messenger systems. In virtually all cells that utilize this mechanism, the initial release of intracellular Ca 2+ is followed or accompanied by an accelerated entry of Ca 2+ into the cytoplasm across the plasma membrane. The mechanism by which this process is regulated has been somewhat more elusive and may vary in different cellular systems. There is strong evidence that in some cell types the depletion of the agonist-sensitive intracellular Ca 2+ store by (1,4,5)IP 3 or possibly (1,4,5)IP 3 and (1,3,4,5)IP 4 generates a secondary signal of unknown nature that activates Ca 2+ entry. The investigation of this and other interesting aspects of the Ca 2+ -phosphoinositide system would provide with many additional discoveries and surprises in the near future.
Related Work on Social Interaction and Social Simulation

This chapter gives an overview of existing approaches in social interaction and social simulation from the perspective of such sciences as cognitive sciences or communication studies. It distinguishes different elements of processing and summarizes the shortcomings of previous approaches what inspires readers to diving deeper in the book.
Monocular Drug Trials for Glaucoma Therapy in the Community Setting

The clinical management of glaucoma would be far simpler if all patients responded equally well to therapy with IOP-lowering medication. Unfortunately, this is not the case. Consider that timolol offers median IOP reduction of approximately 5-6 mmHg. This does not mean that every patient will manifest a 5-6 mmHg IOP reduction. Rather, it means that half of the patients will enjoy an IOP reduction exceeding this median amount, while the other half will have a lesser IOP reduction. There is currently no way of identifying a priori how patients will respond to their medication; we are limited to a trial and error approach, a so-called n-of-one trial.
Constant-time hough transform on the processor arrays with reconfigurable bus systems

We develop constant-time algorithms to compute the Hough transform on a processor array with a reconfigurable bus system (abbreviated to PARBS). The PARBS is a comptuation model which consists of a processor array and a reconfigurable bus system. It is a very powerful computation model in that many problems can be solved efficiently. In this paper, we introduce the concept of iterative-PARBS which is similar to the FOR-loop construct in sequential programming languages. The iterative-PARBS is a building block in which the processing data can be routed through it several times. We can think it as a “hardware subroutine”. Based on this scheme, we are able to explore constant-time Hough transform algorithms on PARBS. The following new results are derived in this study: 1) The sum ofn bits can be computed in O(1) times on a PARBS with O(n1+ɛ) processors for any fixed ɛ>0. 2) The weights of each simple path of ann*n image can be computed in O(1) time on a 3-D PARBS with O(n2+ɛ) processors for any fixed ɛ>0. 3) Thep angle Hough transform of ann*n image can be computed in O(1) time on a PARBS with O(p*n2+ɛ) processors for any fixed ɛ>0 withp copies of the image pretiled. 4) Thep angle Hough transform of ann*n image can be computed in O(1) time on a PARBS with O(p*n3) processors.
Superior Capsular Reconstruction With a Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Autograft: A Cadaveric Study.

Background:Several procedures have been proposed to address irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears with pseudoparalysis. One recently proposed procedure is superior capsular reconstruction (SCR) using...
Carotid Artery Disease in Patients with Cancer

Stroke remains the leading cause of permanent disability. Embolic stroke due to severe carotid artery stenosis can be preventable. In this article, we review the management of carotid artery disease with particular focus in cancer patients. Carotid duplex ultrasonography is the screening modality of choice for the detection of cervical carotid artery disease. Surgical carotid endarterectomy remains the gold-standard therapy for all symptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis. Carotid stenting is a minimally invasive alternative treatment for symptomatic patients deemed high-risk for carotid endarterectomy either due to medical or anatomical reasons. Head and neck cancer patients require special considerations due to higher incidence of carotid artery disease, particularly following the radiation treatment.
Joint Speaker Diarization and Recognition Using Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks

Speaker diarization (detecting who-spoke-when using relative identity labels) and speaker recognition (detecting absolute identity labels without timing) are different but related tasks that often need to be completed simultaneously in many scenarios. Traditional methods, however, address them independently. In this paper, we propose a method to jointly diarize and recognize speakers from a collection of conversations. This method benefits from the sparsity and temporal smoothness of speakers within a conversation and the large-scale timbre modeling across recordings and speakers. Specifically, we employ one convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform segment-level speaker classification and another CNN to detect the probability of speaker change within a conversation. We then concatenate the output of both CNNs and feed it into a recurrent neural network (RNN) for joint speaker diarization and recognition. Experiments on different datasets show promising performance of our proposed approach.
Investigating spatial patterns of mercury and rodenticide residues in raptors collected near the Charlotte, NC, USA, metropolitan area.

Raptor population growth is dynamic and trends vary across species and by location in the United States. For those species that are declining, it is important to identify potential causes including chemical contaminants. Sampling wild raptors is problematic due to their small population sizes and role as a top predator. Therefore, we obtained liver samples (n = 56) from carcasses of several raptor species, including common species like red-tailed hawks, red-shouldered hawks, barred owls, great horned owls, and osprey that arrived dead or were euthanized from a non-profit rehabilitation center in Charlotte, North Carolina. Raptors were found or collected in South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, but most samples were located near the metropolitan region of Charlotte, NC. We analyzed livers for total mercury residue (mg/kg, dry weight) and five anti-coagulant rodenticides (μg/kg wet weight). Mercury was analyzed using a direct mercury analyzer approach and rodenticides were quantified by LC-MS. Mercury residues were high in piscivorous birds (15.09 mg/kg for osprey and 6.93 mg/kg for great blue herons, dry weight) and relatively high in red-shouldered hawks and one eastern screech owl tested. Six of our samples exceeded a health threshold of 1 mg/kg (wet weight) including three osprey and one each of great blue heron, red-shouldered hawk, and eastern screech owl. Brodifacoum was the only rodenticide consistently detected in our samples. Brodifacoum detections exceeded 75% in barred owls, great horned owls, and red-shouldered hawks. Sixty-nine percent of owl samples were within (or exceeded) a threshold of brodifacoum residue associated with a 10–20% risk of acute toxicity. Correlations between residues and human population density were not significant for either mercury or brodifacoum. Our data suggest that mercury residues for most raptors were not of significant concern with the exception of osprey and possibly red-shouldered hawks. Rodenticide exposures associated with a risk of acute toxicity appear to be common and warrant further investigation.
Reply: Different Radionuclides in DOTA-EB-TATE Effect Different Uptake in Somatostatin Receptor–Positive HEK293 Cells

REPLY: We would like to thank Dr. Kotzerke and his colleagues for the important insights into the uptake of DOTA-EB-TATE, an albumin-binding octreotate developed by us ([1][1]–[4][2]). The results presented by Dr. Kotzerke are of high importance, suggesting that the radiometal chelated into the
Neurotoxic envenomation by the South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus): A case report.

Abstract The South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus, Elapidae) has not previously been reported to cause any neurotoxic envenomations in humans. We recently treated a 44-year-old man who was bitten twice, once in each hand, by a captive South African coral snake (Aspidelaps lubricus) while feeding the female snake who had recently laid eggs. Approximately one hour after receiving the bite, he developed vomiting, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, and paralysis of the bulbar and upper extremity muscles, with retention of voluntary motor control in the lower extremities. Supportive care was provided, and paralysis and respiratory failure resolved spontaneously 12 hours after onset. No antivenom for this species is available. To our knowledge, this is the first published case report of significant human envenomation by Aspidelaps lubricus. Physicians, first responders, and herpetologists should be aware of the potential for neurotoxicity in humans.
Chronic myeloid leukemia manifested as myeloid sarcoma: Review of literature and case report

In this report, we present the case of a 50-year-old woman presenting with an intraparenchymal myeloid sarcoma manifesting as weakness. She has a history of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with imatinib not taken consistently with a relapse to blast crisis, and then an isolated relapse as a myeloid sarcoma manifesting as facial and extremity weakness. An MRI of the brain showed an enhancing, well-circumscribed mass within the frontal lobe with edema extending to the motor strip. Based on tumor size, focality, location, growth rate, and patient's symptoms, surgeons determined that the patient should undergo surgical resection. Postoperatively, the patient had full resolution of her acute neurological symptoms without post-operative complications. Post-operative MRI showed minimal enhancement suggesting post-surgical changes vs minimal residual tumor. The patient was scheduled to undergo whole brain radiotherapy with supplemental direct radiation to the site of resection. This is the first report of safe and complete resection of an intraparenchymal myeloid sarcoma. It is meant to inform neurosurgeons that brain tumors can be potentially CML-related; additionally, we review CML's manifestations in the central nervous system and how neurosurgeons can consider optimal management given as there are no guidelines on how to treat CML-related CNS disease.
Schmoo Data Analysis Using Machine Language Algorithms

Manufacturing testing uses various methodologies to validate the product specifications. Some of the production specifications require extensive characterization using two or more parameters. The most common parameters are testing voltage, frequency and temperature across different margins to understand the operating region of the DUT (Device under Test) and apply the correct guard band to the tests to minimize customer defects. Schmoo Plots is one of the validation methodology analysis is a common way of characterizing a device over a range of parameters Voltage, frequency, and temperature. Schmoo plots are collected over multiple corners. Traditionally, the data extracted from testing is manually reviewed to identify marginality and corner cases. Visual review of the schmoo logs is time consuming. Task becomes tedious with increase in the sample space (no of units to get confidence In the testing). In addition manual reviews tend to miss corner cases and the defect shows up very late during product testing. Our approach is to use machine language algorithms to design a Schmoo analyzer model to detect Schmoo plots automatically. The Schmoo Analyzer makes efficient use of Schmoo data logs, by identifying consistently passing automatic test equipment (ATE) test patterns, Schmoo wall, schmoo floor. This helps in faster turn-around time for, Module test development, reject validation and eliminates the need for manual analysis. Based on our testing we are able to obtain an efficiency of 96% with a trained model with product data and efforts continue to improve the predictability that will result testing efficiency.
Generational Attention: Remembering How to Be a People

In the aftermath of World War I C. G. Jung responded to the destruction wrought by humankind by imagining humanity as a single, semi-conscious being. Jung imagines a naturalistic God capable of helping us remember how to be a people by using an awareness of all of human history to guide the species’ decision-making. As a psychologist I use Jung’s image to cultivate this “generational attention” in progressive political groups, particularly helping them cultivate the “public emotional intelligence” necessary to bind themselves to one another as a human community. Today the Jungian community can contribute to the articulation of a uniquely Jungian political psychology by following this image and by integrating a more differentiated feeling function in our organizations as we go.
Shifts in phenological mean and synchrony interact to shape competitive outcomes.

Climate change-induced phenological shifts are ubiquitous and have the potential to disrupt natural communities by changing the timing of species interactions. Shifts in first and/or mean phenological date are well documented, but recent studies indicate that shifts in synchrony (individual variation around these metrics) can be just as common. However, we know little about how both types of phenological shifts interact to affect species interactions and communities. Here, we experimentally manipulated the hatching phenologies of two competing species of larval amphibians to address this conceptual gap. Specifically, we manipulated the relative mean hatching time (early, same, or late relative to competitor) and population synchrony (high, medium, or low levels of variation around the mean) in a full 3 × 3 factorial design to measure independent and interactive effects of phenological mean and population phenological synchrony on competitive outcomes. Our results indicate that phenological synchrony within a population strongly influences intraspecific competition by changing the density of individuals and relative strength of early- vs. late-arriving individuals. Individuals from high-synchrony populations competed symmetrically, whereas individuals from low-synchrony populations competed asymmetrically. At the community scale, shifts in population phenological synchrony interact with shifts in phenological mean to affect key demographic rates (survival, biomass export, per capita mass, and emergence timing) strongly. Furthermore, changes in mean timing of species interactions altered phenological synchrony within a population at the next life stage, and phenological synchrony at one life stage altered the mean timing of the next life stage. Thus, shifts in phenological synchrony within populations cannot only alter species interactions, but species interactions in turn can also drive shifts in phenology.
Sober curious: by Warrington, R., New York, NY, HarperCollins Publishers, 2018, Sober curious. 240 pp., $27.99 (hardcover), ISBN: 9780062869036

In this new book, Ruby Warrington utilizes research and personal experiences to propose a paradigm shift in how recovery from alcohol use disorders is conceptualized. She has unique experiences tha...
PCB Busbar Optimization for High Power SiC Module

Layout strategies focused on commutation loop inductance minimization and decoupling capacitors current balancing for high power SiC circuit are investigated in this paper for high power SiC PCB busbar. At the same time, the normal operating current rating of ceramic capacitors have also been considered for fast switching applications. The discussion is based on PCB busbar board, ceramic capacitors, and CREE's 1.2kV/325A SiC power module. The FEA model for the PCB busbar, ceramic capacitors, and the module are built in ANSYS Q3D, so current distribution on capacitors and the loop inductance can be evaluated under different PCB layout strategies. The principle of flux cancelation is implemented to optimize the loop inductance. Meanwhile, the current density through the ceramic capacitors is minimized by increasing the number of capacitors and equally distributing the commutation current on ceramic capacitors that led to normal operating current rating of each ceramic capacitor for a practical 900V and 50kW application. The capacitance between each PCB busbar layer is considered as well to increase the high frequency response capability. Based on the results of simulations and double pulse test, the techniques of minimizing loop inductance and balancing current distribution are verified.
Designing a Dynamic Balancing Compensator for Unbalanced Loads in a Three Phase Power System

The power system is evolving in complexity with the adoption of renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and microgrids. This complexity will most likely increase the unbalanced current in the power system which causes more stress on the system and costs the utility more to mitigate the detrimental effects of an unbalanced power system. Currently there is no easy solution to mitigate the unbalanced current in the power system, but a solution based on Current’s Physical Components (CPC) power theory is available that compensates unbalanced current. By enhancing this compensator to dynamically adjust to changing loads, unbalanced current from electric vehicle charging or weather patterns can be compensated. Several methods to adjust the compensator are discussed with selecting a simple method of switching banked capacitors or inductors to be used in simulation and testing of the compensator with the presence of unbalanced current due to electric vehicle charging.
A New Theory of Gravity

Accounts of both the special and the general theories are included in Einstein’s popular book entitled Relativity, which was translated from German into English by Robert W. Lawson and published by the Henry Holt Company in 1920. Herein, Einstein provides “an exact insight into the theory of Relativity to those readers who, from a general scientific and philosophical point of view, are interested in the theory, but who are not conversant with the mathematical apparatus of theoretical physics.” Part II of the book, from which the next set of readings are extracted, focuses on Einstein’s general theory of relativity. He begins this part by reiterating the special principle of relativity, which he first introduced in Part I. What does the special principle of relativity state? How does he generalize it so as to explain the motion of falling masses? And what does this generalization imply regarding the effect of gravity upon light, which itself (presumably) lacks mass?
Mathews-Aydinli, J. (2017). International Education Exchanges and Intercultural Understanding: Promoting Peace and Global Relations. Cham: Springer International Publishing. 179 pp. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43829-0.

This review critiques Julie Mathews-Aydinli’s International Education Exchanges and Intercultural Understanding. Consisting of a series of ten essays from a diverse body of educators and administrators, this book highlights the importance of examining the purpose and impact of intercultural exchange in the twenty-first century. This review will evaluate the arguments made throughout the chapters and examine why this topic is important for those interested in the field of international education.
Competitive effects of cable networks on FTTx deployment in Europe

Abstract In this paper, we analyse the effect of cable networks on fibre to the x (FTTx) network expansions by drawing on data from a sample of 28 European countries spanning the period 2011 to 2017. We find that there is a negative relationship between cable network coverage and FTTx network expansion. This restraining effect associated with cable networks contradicts the current regulatory regime, which is primarily designed to enable effective competition against the incumbent on copper- and fibre-based infrastructure. Therefore, our analysis is a crucial first step to design a sound regulatory and competitive framework to achieve the ambitious broadband targets set by the European Commission and national governments. Most importantly, we conclude that public policy makers should assess broadband markets distinctly for cable and non-cable regions to reflect the competition dynamics between cable operators and operators investing in FTTx networks.
Wie die wissenschaftliche Grundhaltung die moderne Medizin veränderte

Es ist nicht schwer, sich die positiven Veranderungen vor Augen zu fuhren, die eine wissenschaftliche Grundhaltung auf einem Gebiet verursacht, dem es zuvor an Wissenschaft fehlte. Wir haben mit der modernen Medizin ein bestens geeignetes Beispiel zur Hand. Vor dem 20. Jahrhundert beruhten anerkannte medizinische Verfahren meist auf Vermutungen, Volkswissen und dem Prinzip Versuch und Irrtum. In einem grosen Rahmen stattfindende Experimente waren unbekannt und eine Datenerhebung schwierig.
A survey of office practice: Parents, front office staff, nurses and clinicians hold disparate views on adolescent vaccines.

BACKGROUND Previous work suggests provider recommendation improves vaccine delivery. Less examined is the role of practice's front office staff and nurses in vaccine communication. Messaging and communication about vaccines should be consistent across all levels of the pediatric practice. METHODS We distributed surveys to clinicians, nurses, front office staff, and parents of adolescents 11-17 years in pediatric and family medicine office practices. We inquired about perceived importance of adolescent vaccines and the use of recommendations to families about receiving vaccines. We also asked front office staff about concerns from families about vaccines as well as vaccine refusal for themselves and their child. RESULTS Nurses perceived that the HPV vaccine was less important than the MenACWY and Tdap vaccines (% very important 84% v. 95% and 94%; P < .01). Parents also perceived HPV vaccine as being less important than MenACWY and Tdap vaccines (59% v 68% and 79%; P < .01. Between groups, parents perceived all vaccines as being less important than front office staff. Nurses and clinicians reported using a strong recommendation less often for HPV vaccine compared to the MenACWY and Tdap (70% v 84% and 84%; P < .01 for nurses, and 77% v. 88% and 86%; P < .05 for clinicians). Front office staff were more likely to report concerns from parents about HPV vaccine than from MenACWY and Tdap after the visit is complete. CONCLUSION Parents, front office staff and nurses differ on the importance of vaccines. Interventions to improve vaccine communication and delivery must include all who work in the practice.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Maternal/Fetal Attachment, and Maternal Mental Health

Background: This pilot study investigated the potential impact of exposure to childhood adversity on variables known to be related to posttraumatic stress (including attachment, mental health, and perceived stress) in a clinic sample of pregnant women. Materials and Methods: Participants consisted of 101 pregnant women recruited from the Virginia Commonwealth University Health System in Richmond, VA. All participants completed the Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) questionnaire, Parental Bonding Instrument, Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist, Symptom Checklist, and the Perceived Stress Scale. Results: Increased exposure to ACEs was negatively associated with retrospective report of viewing one's mother and father as caring and involved. ACE exposure was a statistically significant predictor of viewing one's mother and father as intrusive and controlling. ACEs were positively associated with self-reported PTSD symptoms, depressive and anxious symptomatology, and perceived stress. No direct effect of adverse childhood events on maternal/fetal attachment was found. Conclusions: ACE associations are discussed in terms of study methodology and needs for future research. Providers may consider incorporating the ACE questionnaire to identify exposure to childhood adversity and events that may increase an individual's risk for toxic stress and negative health outcomes.
Estimating Fatality and Injury Savings Because of Deployment of Advanced Wrong-Way Driving Countermeasures on a Toll Road Network:

Limited access facility wrong-way driving (WWD) crashes are typically more severe than other crashes. Deploying advanced WWD countermeasures, such as rectangular flashing beacon (RFB) and light-emi...
Hsp90 co-chaperones, FKBP52 and Aha1, promote tau pathogenesis in aged wild-type mice

The microtubule associated protein tau is an intrinsically disordered phosphoprotein that accumulates under pathological conditions leading to formation of neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The mechanisms that initiate the accumulation of phospho-tau aggregates and filamentous deposits are largely unknown. In the past, our work and others’ have shown that molecular chaperones play a crucial role in maintaining protein homeostasis and that imbalance in their levels or activity can drive tau pathogenesis. We have found two co-chaperones of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90), FK506-binding protein 52 (FKBP52) and the activator of Hsp90 ATPase homolog 1 (Aha1), promote tau aggregation in vitro and in the brains of tau transgenic mice. Based on this, we hypothesized that increased levels of these chaperones could promote tau misfolding and accumulation in the brains of aged wild-type mice. We tested this hypothesis by overexpressing Aha1, FKBP52, or mCherry (control) proteins in the hippocampus of 9-month-old wild-type mice. After 7 months of expression, mice were evaluated for cognitive and pathological changes. Our results show that FKBP52 overexpression impaired spatial reversal learning, while Aha1 overexpression impaired associative learning in aged wild-type mice. FKBP52 and Aha1 overexpression promoted phosphorylation of distinct AD-relevant tau species. Furthermore, FKBP52 activated gliosis and promoted neuronal loss leading to a reduction in hippocampal volume. Glial activation and phospho-tau accumulation were also detected in areas adjacent to the hippocampus, including the entorhinal cortex, suggesting that after initiation these pathologies can propagate through other brain regions. Overall, our findings suggest a role for chaperone imbalance in the initiation of tau accumulation in the aging brain.
Inconsistencies in Cutaneous Melanoma Staging Within SEER Registries.

This cohort study explores inconsistences in cutaneous melanoma staging within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program registries to determine if miscoding of staging variables related to cutaneous melanoma would result in inconsistencies in final tumor staging.
The rationale for including osteopathic manipulative treatment in the management of infections: a hermeneutic review.

Introduction As the prevalence of drug-resistant infections continues to outpace the development of new antibiotics, we must explore all reasonable options for enhancing the effectiveness of existing anti-infectives. The emergence of novel pathogens without initial drug treatments or vaccines, typified by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic, further underscores the need for non-pharmacologic adjunctive measures for infection management. Osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) may represent such an adjunct. Areas covered PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane databases and relevant chapters of major osteopathic texts were searched for animal experiments, case reports, observational studies, non-randomized, and randomized trials pertaining to infection, OMT, and the complications or safety of OMT. OMT was associated with one or more of the following: decreased bacterial colony counts in lung tissue; changes in immunologic profiles manifested by significant differences dendritic cells and levels of IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1a, and G-CSF; shorter durations of IV antibiotics; decreased length of hospitalization; decreased rates of respiratory failure and death; decreased post-surgical lengths of stay; and enhanced patient satisfaction. Expert opinion Preliminary, lower-grade evidence suggests that OMT can improve some infection-related outcomes, and is safe. The role of OMT in infection management should undergo further controlled trials without delay.
The Outcomes of Laparoscopic Biliopancreatic Diversion with Duodenal Switch on Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease: the Mayo Clinic Experience

The outcomes of laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) on gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) are not well elucidated. This retrospective review included patients undergoing laparoscopic primary BPD-DS at Mayo Clinic from 2009 to 2019. GERD parameters analyzed included subjective symptom report/anti-reflux medication intake and/or endoscopic findings. GERD-HRQL questionnaire was also utilized post-operatively. Three subgroups were employed to stratify patients depending on GERD outcomes: the “No-effect” subgroup included patients where surgery did not affect either positively (GERD resolution) or negatively (de novo GERD) GERD outcome, “De novo GERD” subgroup, and “GERD-resolved” subgroup. Multinomial logistic modeling was used to examine associations with the 3-level GERD subgroup (p<0.05). Seventy-six patients were included in the analysis. Thirty-four (44.7%) patients were found to be in the “GERD-resolved” subgroup, 28 (36.8%) patients in the “No-effect” subgroup, and 14 (18.4%) patients in the “De novo GERD” subgroup. Multinomial logistic modeling showed that patients with pre-surgery diabetes mellitus (DM) had lesser odds (OR= 0.248, (95% CI: 0.085–0.724, p=0.0108)) of GERD resolution than patients without pre-surgery DM. An association was also established between %TWL at 6 and 12 months following the procedure and GERD outcome (p=0.017 and 0.008, respectively). Finally, the mean (SD) post-operative GERD-HRQL score was 8.7 (8.1) points, and 69 (91%) patients were currently satisfied with their post-operative condition. Laparoscopic BPD-DS appears to have a satisfactory GERD outcome in most patients undergoing the operation. There appears to be an association between pre-operative DM, %TWL at 6 and 12 months, and GERD prognosis in this population.
Becoming Active Bystanders and Advocates: Teaching Medical Students to Respond to Bias in the Clinical Setting.

Introduction Incidents of bias and microaggressions are prevalent in the clinical setting and are disproportionately experienced by racial minorities, women, and medical students. These incidents c...
Poleward Flow in the California Current System

In the California Current System, poleward flow has been observed at different levels and in different seasons. In winter, there is broad poleward flow at the surface along most of the coast along Washington, Oregon, and northern California. During the upwelling season, in spring and summer, there is a narrow, inshore poleward surface current which appears off northern California whenever upwelling-favorable winds weaken; off southern and central California, this inshore poleward flow seems to persist through most of the upwelling season. During the upwelling season, there is also subsurface poleward flow, both near the bottom over much of the continental shelf and at depths of a few hundred meters along the upper continental slope. Whether and how these “branches” of poleward flow are related to each other is still unknown. We have some ideas of how the surface poleward flows are driven, but still very little information on the continuity and the driving of the subsurface undercurrents. In this note, we shall summarize briefly the main characteristics of each of these “branches,” and present some recent observations of the California Undercurrent in the CODE region near San Francisco.
Exploring structure space

The genome projects are changing biology by the genetic blueprints of entire organisms. The blueprints are tantalizing but we cannot deduce everything we need to know from them, including the structures and detailed functions of proteins. In this paper we describe an approach for obtaining structural information about proteins on a genomic scale. We describe how structural and functional information might eventually be put together to form a basis for describing life at many levels. We then describe how structural information fits into this picture and classes of proteins for which structural information would be useful in a genomic context. We conclude with a proposal for an initiative to determine protein structures on a very large scale
Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties Double Remedy: The United States’ Pragmatic Approach to Chinese Currency Manipulation

The United States has an alarming trade deficit with China. Many scholars and pundits attribute this trade deficit to China’s efforts to artificially undervalue its currency. While the legal regime of international trade emphasizes liberalized trade, certain protectionist measures are still allowed to combat unfair practices. Rather than addressing China’s currency manipulation directly, the United States has waged a pretextual battle by applying a double remedy of both anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties — both of which are legal under the WTO regime — on certain goods imported from China. Recent actions by the WTO Dispute Settlement Body and the U.S. Congress and Courts have reduced the sting of a double remedy by put in place requirements that a double remedy not double count the dumping margin, but the actual calculation allows a double remedy to remain potent. While not a direct attack, the inherent connection between monetary policy and international trade makes this pretextual double remedy attack a viable alternative to an all-out currency war or ineffective diplomatic efforts.
Porphyria: theories of etiology and treatment.

Publisher Summary Dermatological symptoms in acute porphyria may include a malar flush over the butterfly area. Some patients may show a dusky, diffuse complexion described as metallic, while several cases have diffuse melanosis. This chapter describes the theories of etiology and treatment of porphyria. Studies suggest that natural porphyrin substances and precursors are not toxic in themselves, but that protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin naturally occur in the white matter of the central nervous system and in the peripheral nerves. Symptoms of acute intermittent porphyria can be explained on the basis of a deficiency of needed essential porphyrins that have (1) been withdrawn from the nervous system for purposes of chelation or (2) have failed to be replenished in the nervous system because of an enzymatic block (uroporphyrinogen synthetase) in the synthetic pathway leading to protoporphyrin and coproporphyrin 111.
Polysilicon and titanium disilicide+polycide fusion bonding for 3-D microdevices applications

Successful electrically conductive fusion bonding has been achieved for polysilicon to polysilicon and titanium disilicide+polycide to titanium disilicide+polycide coated wafers. The effects of wafer flatness and surface roughness play important roles in accomplishing direct bonding at room temperature of such deposited materials. The authors discuss the experimentally obtained estimates of minimum wafer curvature and maximum roughness for fusion bonding of these materials. For effective wafer bonding it was found experimentally that the radius of wafer curvature should be greater than 60 meters for a 500 micrometer thick wafer with a surface vertical microroughness less than 10 AA. The average microroughness was calculated from traces of a surface profilometer. The results of the bond strength measurements are presented. These wafer bonding systems can be used as an elegant technique to provide vertical interconnection for 3-D microdevices. >
Triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission technologies

This paper first described design guidelines of multi-wavelength-band WDM transmission systems that avoid the degradation caused by inter- and intra-wavelength-band nonlinear interactions. The guidelines indicate the best combination of wavelength bands for realizing triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission. After discussing the performance of multi-wavelength-band WDM transmission systems, a 1000-channel WDM carrier generator was demonstrated for realizing advanced triple-wavelength-band WDM transmission systems.
NFSv4 replication for grid storage middleware

Sharing data in scientific collaborations that involve many institutions around the world demands a large-scale storage system that is reliable and efficient, yet at the same time, convenient to use. This paper presents a replicated file system that supports mutable replication with strong consistency guarantees, high failure resiliency, and good scaling properties. The principal concern with such a system is usually its performance penalty. Using experiment evaluation, we show that in simulated wide area networks, the proposed replicated file system maintains a significant performance advantage over a single server system. At the same time, it provides comparable and often better performance than GridFTP, the de facto standard file transfer application that is often used to manually synchronize shared data.
Tilt/Asymmetry in Nitrosyl Metalloporphyrin Complexes: The Cobalt Case.

The high-resolution crystal structure for [Co(OEP)(NO)] shows that the axial Co−N(NO) vector is tilted from the normal to the porphyrin plane. The off-axis tilt is correlated with an asymmetry in the equatorial Co−Np bond distances.