cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shrinking Budgets and Expanding Bodies: Battling Obesity When the Economic Belt is Tight

Although Americans reduced spending on food during the Great Recession, the prevalence of overweight and obesity continued to increase. This article uses socioeconomic life course models to organize the issues surrounding obesity, striving to illustrate how community, social, and intergenerational factors, compounded over the course of a lifetime, increase risk, particularly among poor, minority, and otherwise under resourced communities. Conceptualizing obesity within life course models informs policy recommendations, practice, and guides future research. Social workers are called to respond with collaborative approaches to create accessible and affordable community food environments where the default option is the healthy, preferred choice.
Adult Intussusception: An Easily Overlooked Cause of Bowel Obstruction

A 52-year-old female had suffered from recurrent abdominal pain for about one month and, for this reason, she attended our emergency department. Her blood and urinary sample examinations were normal and so we performed abdominal sonography on the patient. The pictures showed intussusception. After consultation with a general surgeon, an operation was arranged. The final pathology report proved the patient suffered from ileoileal intussusception. The cause was a lipoma.
Expressions of Culture in American Indian/Alaska Native Tribal Child Welfare Work: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis

This qualitative meta-synthesis of materials from three national projects that had examined more than 75 American Indian/Alaska Native child welfare programs sought to articulate how culture is expressed within tribal child protective services (CPS)work and to uncover whether there are cultural elements of tribal child welfare practice that are distinct from practice in non-tribal settings. Through the meta-synthesis, a framework emerged outlining a cultural approach to practice that incorporates: (a) a culturally-distinct definition of Native child well-being; (b) tribal values that form a foundation for practice; (c) practice intentions linking child protection with cultural and community health; and (d) two specialized worker skills.
Electrocardiographic patterns evoked by venom of the stingray.

SummaryIntravenous injection of stingray venom produced various changes in the ECG patterns of cats. The extent of the change depends, for the most part, on the amount of venom injected. Small amounts of the venom produce bradycardia with an increase in the PR interval giving a first, second or third degree auriculo-ventricular block. The second degree block is usually followed by sinus arrest. Reversal of the small dose effects occurs within 30 seconds following the end of the injection. Cats receiving larger amounts of the venom show, in addition to the PR interval change, almost immediate ST, T wave change indicative of ischemia and in some animals true muscle injury. These changes often persist for 10 minutes before reverting to normal. When fatal amounts of the venom are injected the pattern is abnormal and unpredictable. All degrees of auriculo-ventricular block, sinus arrest, inter-ventricular block, decreased amplitude of QRS complex, and various degrees of ischemia and injury are seen. The rapid ...
Abstract LB-275: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition rewires mechanisms upstream of PI3K-dependent growth.

Tumors that show evidence of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been associated with metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis. EMT may alter the molecular requirements for growth and survival in different contexts, but the underlying mechanisms remain incomplete. Given the heterogeneity along the EMT spectrum between and within tumors it is important to define the requirements for growth and survival in cells with an epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype to maximize therapeutic efficacy. We have established an inducible cell line model in which a tamoxifen regulatable Twist-ER fusion protein is stably expressed in the H358 non-small cell lung cancer cell line. Upon tamoxifen addition, cells undergo EMT and provide a system in which we can compare the growth and survival requirements directly related to EMT, removing confounding factors present when comparing different cell lines. Using this system we have found that while cells require PI3K for growth before and after the transition, the mechanisms through which they can activate the signal are altered. Specifically, before EMT basal PI3K is maintained by autocrine activation of ErbB3 signaling, despite the presence of an activating Ras mutation. Loss of ErbB3 ablates proliferation in pre-EMT cells suggesting that oncogenic KRas is not sufficient to drive growth in this context. After induction of EMT ErbB3 expression is downregulated along with downstream PI3K signal, leading to a loss of cell autonomous proliferation. Restoration of PI3K signaling by either re-expression of ErbB3, activated p110, or through stimulation with various growth factors is able to restore growth in post-EMT cells. These data have implications for therapeutic targeting of different RTKs, suggesting that within a heterogeneous tumor environment, only a subset of cells may respond to such treatments. Furthering the understanding of how EMT alters signaling through specific pathways will facilitate the design of more efficacious treatment strategies to target all cells along this phenotypic spectrum. Citation Format: Megan B. Salt, Frank McCormick. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition rewires mechanisms upstream of PI3K-dependent growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-275. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-275
On the Demise of Subjectivity in Educational Inquiry

(1992). On the Demise of Subjectivity in Educational Inquiry. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 25-38.
Early EEG Findings and Hi-Encephalopathy Outcomes

The value of the EEG as a predictor of outcome in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) was determined in a study at Cork University Maternity Hospital and St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
HABITAT SELECTION BY AMERICAN REDSTARTS ALONG A SUCCESSIONAL GRADIENT IN NORTHERN HARDWOODS FOREST: EVALUATION OF HABITAT QUALITY

TO investigate the possible relationship between habitat changes and popu- lation declines in the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla), I studied redstart population structure in habitats spanning a successional gradient in northern hardwoods forests of the White Mountains, New Hampshire during the summers of 1992 to 1994. Early successional stands, in general, supported higher densities and a greater percentage of older (ASY) males than did mature stands. Among mature forests, redstart densities and proportions of ASY males were lower in stands with greater representation of conifers. Mating success varied among habitats, primarily for yearling males, which were more likely to obtain a mate in the early successional habitats and less likely to do so in coniferous habitats. Territories were significantly smaller in early successional habitats. The combination of high densities, high proportions of older males, high mating success in yearlings, and small territory size supports the hypothesis that early successional habitats are more suitable for redstarts than are older forests. Early successional habitats may be more suitable due to higher prey availability and/ or reduced predation on nests, although conclusive data are not available for either of these variables. If reproductive success follows a similar pattern, then the loss of early successional habitats as a result of reforestation in the breeding areas could be a major cause of population declines of American Redstarts in New England. Received 18 December 1995, accepted 8 May 1996.
Catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmia originating from right ventricular outflow tract

Objective To comprehend radiofrequency catheter ablation ( RFCA) of ventricular arrhythmia originating from right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Methods Forty-three patients aged from 13 to 67 years old (39.2±15.1) including eighteen men and twenty-five women, consisted of eight patients of VT and thirty-five patients of PVC. No organic heart diseases were found by blood biochemistry, chest X-ray and UCG. Five patients with VT were mapped and ablated by non-contact mapping system of Ensite3000, and the other thirty-eight patients were ablated by conventional approach. Results ①Forty patients originated from septal aspect of RVOT, three patients from free wall, VT or PVC was successfully ablated in forty-two out of the forty-three patients (97.7%). The arrhythmia recurrence was observed in nine patients during follow-up and all the arrhythmias were successfully eliminated in the second ablation procedure.②VT and PVC originating from RVOT had the typical ECG characteristic which showed left bundle branch block with an inferior axis. Nevertheless, different origins from RVOT showed differently in 12 leads ECG. RR′ pattern showed inⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,aVF leads, and deep S wave were in V1 to V3 leads, which was the characteristic of originating from free walls. ③One patient had the pericardial temponade during ablation. Although it had the characteristic of RVOT, the R wave inⅡ,Ⅲ,aVF leads was abnormally high in ECG. Conclusions The VT and PVC originating from RVOT have important ECG and electrophysiological characteristics and RFCA is an effective and curative therapy for them. Non-contact mapping system of Ensite3000 is a safe and reliable tool to guide mapping and ablation of complex arrhythmia with nonstable hemodynamics.
The Application of Principal Component Analysis in the Developmental Status of Economy of Jiangsu Province

According to main index of national economy of 13 cities in Jiangsu province,we use the basic principles and methods of principal component analysis(PCA) in multivariate analysis to analyse the developmental status of economy of Jiangsu Province from the points of view of the whole and area economy.
Orbital eccentricities in primordial black hole binaries

It was recently suggested that the merger of $\ensuremath{\sim}30\text{ }\text{ }{M}_{\ensuremath{\bigodot}}$ primordial black holes (PBHs) may provide a significant number of events in gravitational-wave observatories over the next decade, if they make up an appreciable fraction of the dark matter. Here we show that measurement of the eccentricities of the inspiralling binary black holes can be used to distinguish these binaries from those produced by more traditional astrophysical mechanisms. These PBH binaries are formed on highly eccentric orbits and can then merge on time scales that in some cases are years or less, retaining some eccentricity in the last seconds before the merger. This is to be contrasted with massive-stellar-binary, globular-cluster, or other astrophysical origins for binary black holes (BBHs) in which the orbits have very effectively circularized by the time the BBH enters the observable LIGO window. Here we discuss the features of the gravitational-wave signals that indicate this eccentricity and forecast the sensitivity of LIGO and the Einstein Telescope to such effects. We show that if PBHs make up the dark matter, then roughly one event should have a detectable eccentricity given LIGO's expected sensitivity and observing time of six years. The Einstein Telescope should see $O(10)$ such events after ten years.
Impacts of Local Soil Moisture Anomalies on the Atmospheric Circulation and on Remote Surface Meteorological Fields during Boreal Summer: A Comprehensive Analysis over North America

AbstractA series of stationary wave model (SWM) experiments are performed in which the boreal summer atmosphere is forced, over a number of locations in the continental United States, with an idealized diabatic heating anomaly that mimics the atmospheric heating associated with a dry land surface. For localized heating within a large portion of the continental interior, regardless of the specific location of this heating, the spatial pattern of the forced atmospheric circulation anomaly (in terms of 250-hPa eddy streamfunction) is largely the same: a high anomaly forms over west-central North America and a low anomaly forms to the east. In supplemental atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) experiments, similar results are found; imposing soil moisture dryness in the AGCM in different locations within the U.S. interior tends to produce the aforementioned pattern, along with an associated near-surface warming and precipitation deficit in the center of the continent. The SWM-based and AGCM-based patte...
Global Technetium-99m Supply: Current Issues and Future Solutions

1958 Learning Objectives 1. Learn the issues surrounding recent supply and price disruptions of Technetium-99m derived from Molybdenum-99 generators. 2. Understand potential near and medium term solutions and the limitations of each. Methods: A review of the scientific literature and business press. Results: Recent supply disruptions and price increases of 99mTc derived from 99Mo generators highlight the need for a more comprehensive global policy to ensure a reliable and affordable supply for the future. A small number of enriched uranium nuclear power plants, some more than 50 years old, supply the vast majority of the world supply of 99Mo used in commercially available generators. A single plant going offline has caused major disruptions in the supply chain, as there is essentially no reserve capacity in the system. Cost issues related to government subsidies and regulatory factors have further exacerbated problems. Furthermore, the concern of proliferation of highly enriched uranium, disposal of waste products, and unprofitability are limiting factors in the construction of new facilities. Although future demand for 99mTc cannot be predicted with certainty, several plants that provide large portions of the global supply are likely to be retired in the near future. The result likely will be worsening shortages and markedly higher prices. A combination of existing and developing technologies, including low enriched uranium power plants, cyclotrons and accelerator-based systems must meet demand in the future. Various factors, including the economics of implementing these production technologies, regulatory barriers and delays, and the relative yields compared to current production methods may prove to be substantial. Conclusions: In the setting of supply disruptions and rising prices of the global supply of Technetium-99m, a combination of short and medium term solutions will need to be implemented to meet future demand.
Calcareous microfossils from the Upper Mississippian (Chesterian) Maxville Limestone, southeastern Ohio

A low-diversity assemblage of smaller calcareous microfossils is present in the Upper Mississippian Maxville Limestone in Muskingum and Perry Counties, southeastern Ohio. Diagnostic faunal elements that suggest an early Chesterian age include the foraminifers Neoarchaediscus maxvillensis n. sp., Paraarchaediscus aff. P. Pachytheca (Petryk), Paraarchaediscus cf. P. koktjubensis (Rauzer-Chernousova), Endothyra excellens (Zeller), Endothyra bowmani Phillips emend. Brady, and attached forms. The presence of these diagnostic faunal elements in the Chesterian of Ohio significantly extends their known geographic range into the eastern Midcontinent region. Other forms present include the foraminifers Priscella? of the group P. prisca (Rauzer-Chernousova and Reitlinger), Diplosphaerina inaequalis (Derville), Earlandia spp., and the problematic Asphaltinoides macadami (Brenckle and Groves) and Salebra irregularis Bogush and Brenckle. Microfossils are present in both calcareous mudstone and limestone.
Financing Stage Milestones

An entrepreneur must be able to articulate a path to sustained positive cash flow to the investor, at the lowest cost and in the shortest time. A startup is a series of stage experiments, and each stage requires sufficient funding to test the critical assumptions and mitigate the stage risks efficiently. An entrepreneur should nail the customer value concept first before approaching the investors for funding. A startup should not lock into key hires and partnerships too early, and the investment in the startup should be kept at a minimum before the path-dependent risks are mitigated and the business model is stabilized. This chapter presents the seven rules to bootstrapping a startup, including consumer-funded and crowdfunding models, a framework to estimate the critical resources and operating budget, and a framework to estimate the venture’s financing needs and the time to achieve sustained positive cash flow. A framework is also provided to develop a milestone-based operating plan. A startup must first complete an operating plan prior to estimating the financing needs. The experience curve effect and a sensitivity analysis of the critical assumptions should be considered when determining the financing needs of a startup.
The Amiga: A Hardware Engineering Story: Advancing multimedia computing capability.

The Amiga PC architecture was a child of both home video game consoles and PC systems of the early 1980s. The microcomputer revolution of the mid-1970s had given birth to the video game console market and the PC market, which expanded rapidly. In the fall of 1982, Atari alone had total sales of US$2 billion, including video game consoles, game cartridges, and their own PCs [1]. Many companies in the PC market were competing to establish market standards and attract developer support, beginning with S-100 bus machines [2] and the Apple II [3]. IBM entered the PC market with the introduction of the IBM PC in 1981. The Apple Macintosh arrived in 1984, and the Commodore Amiga 1000 computer, the subject of this article, followed in 1985.
HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections: Testing and Treatment Considerations for Refugees

HIV prevalence has been on the rise in many countries from which refugees emigrate and presents therapeutic challenges upon arrival to the United States. The HIV entry ban that previously prevented immigration of HIV-infected individuals into the United States has now been lifted. Refugees may acquire several risk factors prior to displacement and during migration. In addition, they may not have access to HIV treatment and prevention packages in conflict-ridden regions of the world. Therefore, refugee providers will need to be familiar with fundamental HIV testing and treatment principles, including for HIV-2, particularly as they pertain to refugees that may have co-morbid mental illness and/or who may be of child-bearing age. In addition, providers should recognize the clinical manifestations to diagnose and treat prevalent sexually transmitted infections among refugees, such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid, granuloma inguinale, and lymphogranuloma venereum. This section will review the existing epidemiologic data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and centers that provide care for refugees. It will also highlight key screening, testing, and management considerations for different HIV subtypes and other major sexually transmitted infections that are high-yield for providing care to refugee populations in a primary care setting.
Computational experiments of light distribution and photosynthesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) canopy

Light distribution in cucumber canopy affects leaf photosynthesis directly. Scientific computing of light distribution and accurate modeling of canopy photosynthesis is beneficial to improve understanding of the canopy structure and provide a quantitative decision basis for optimal planting spacing design. In this paper, three 3D cucumber canopy models were reconstructed in different planting spacing using measured data. A canopy light distribution calculation model and photosynthesis model were used to calculate light interception and photosynthetic production. Experimental results demonstrated that based on the 3D cucumber canopy models and combining light distribution model, the light distribution in different planting spacing canopy can be simulated accurately. Leaf photosynthesis calculation based on the result of light distribution modeling provides an efficient approach to investigate the physiology of cucumber, and a favorable support for the decisions for optimal planting spacing design.
What are they talking about?: findings from an analysis of the discourse in peer-led team learning in general chemistry

Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) is a structured method for helping students engage actively in collaborative conversations. The method originated in undergraduate chemistry courses, but is now used in math and in other science classes as well. Previous studies have shown that PLTL results in improved student learning in undergraduate chemistry. However, researchers have not studied the group mechanisms and the discourse processes that lead to this improved outcome. This study is one of three inter-related studies that are the first to explore those mechanisms and processes. In this study, we observed videotapes of PLTL sessions and analyzed the discourse of peer leaders and of students. We found that the structure and nature of the problems influences student discourse.
Aspirin Use in Women: Current Perspectives and Future Directions

This review examines the recent literature on the use of low-dose aspirin (LDA) for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women, use of LDA for pre-eclampsia prevention in pregnancy, and the underutilization of aspirin therapy in women as compared to men. While men and women should not differ with respect to aspirin use for secondary prevention, its role in primary prevention remains unclear for both sexes, with particular uncertainty in women. Reflective of this are conflicting recommendations in current guidelines for primary prevention and thus investigations of primary prevention aspirin use are ongoing and will play an important role in elucidating its efficacy. While there is significant heterogeneity in studies to date of LDA for pre-eclampsia prevention, based on recent meta-analyses suggesting promising results, guidelines now recommend initiation in high risk women after the 12th week of gestation. Finally, studies consistently reveal that aspirin therapy is underutilized in women as compared to men, suggesting a need to better educate physicians and the general public about its use in women. Further research is needed to better elucidate the role of aspirin in women for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and for pre-eclampsia in high risk pregnant women. In addition, further investigation into the factors that lead to the current underutilization of aspirin in women are required in order to ensure that patients of both sexes are optimally treated, with the goal of improving cardiovascular outcomes in all patients.
Morphine Induces Kidney Injury in Transgenic Sickle Cell Mice.

Sickle cell nephropathy is poorly understood and currently lacks any specific therapeutic options. Opioids are used to treat the pain associated with sickle cell disease. Interestingly, heroin (a metabolic precursor of morphine) is associated with glomerulosclerosis. Glomerulomegaly, an early sign of kidney damage, predicts the eventual severity of glomerulosclerosis. Using transgenic sickle mice as a disease model, we evaluated the effects of chronic opioid exposure on kidney pathology in the setting of sickle cell disease. Transgenic sickle cell mice (carry a single copy of linked transgenes for human alpha and beta-S globins and are homozygous for deletion of murine beta major globin) were treated for three weeks with PBS, morphine (50–150mg/70kg human equivalent), naloxone (equimolar to morphine), or morphine and naloxone (n=6 per group). We evaluated the effects of morphine on kidney pathology by assessing kidney weight, glomerular volume (by the Weibel-Gomez method), and mesangial cell counts per glomerulus. Morphine stimulated kidney growth in transgenic sickle mice. Treatment with morphine significantly increased glomerular volume and mesangial cell counts per glomerulus compared to PBS. These effects were reversed with the addition of naloxone to morphine. (see Table) Morphine-stimulated cultured mouse mesangial cells underwent proliferation, which was inhibited with the addition of naloxone (202% ±14.3 vs. 108% ±12.9 increase over control, p<0.01). Morphine-stimulated mesangial cells had increased expression of phosphorylated STAT-3 by western blot analysis. Blockade of STAT-3 with PpYLKTK-mts (0.2mM) resulted in inhibition of morphine-stimulated mesangial cell proliferation (202% ±14.3 vs.110±29, p<0.01). In summary, morphine exposure markedly induced kidney growth in transgenic sickle mice, as evidenced by increased kidney size, glomerular volume, and glomerular cell counts. Furthermore, morphine stimulates a proliferative response in mesangial cells via STAT-3 signaling. These results suggest morphine may accelerate renal injury in sickle cell disease. | Group | Kidney Weight (g) | Glomerular Volume (mm3) | #MC/glomerulus | |:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------- | ----------------------- | -------------- | | Results (mean ± SD): λ p<0.01 vs. Sickle PBS; π p=0.01 vs. Sickle MS; γ p<0.01 vs. Sickle MS. | | Sickle PBS | 0.190 ± 0.02 | 133 ± 7 | 27 ± 0.5 | | Sickle Naloxone | 0.176 ± 0.01 | 124 ± 13 | 26 ± 1.2 | | Sickle Morphine | 0.251 ± 0.04 λ | 163 ± 14 λ | 37 ± 1.9 λ | | Sickle MS+ Nal | 0.193 ± 0.01 π | 127 ± 12 π | 30 ± 1.5 γ |
Civic Engagement and Distance Learning

A perusal of the Internet reveals a number of higher education institutions (including Harvard) have entered the distance learning "business". While this may have aided the fiscal bottom line, the distance learning modality provides several stern challenge to political science's civic engagement initiative. The majority of attendees of the Civic Engagement II track at the 2011 TLC were in agreement the linkage between distance education and the discipline of political science was an area in need of being addressed (a perspective not adequately captured in the summary published in PS). The paper presents evidence from Eastern Oregon University's thriving distance education program that can be extrapolated to other institutions. The interactive aspect of the session will allow session participants to share their experiences, and best practices will be isolated.
Laser Thermal Ablation for Metastases Failing Radiosurgery: A Multicentered Retrospective Study.

Background Radiosurgical failure following stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases can be attributed to tumor regrowth or radiation necrosis. MRI-guided laser thermal ablation (LTA) therapy has emerged as an option for treatment; however, previous literature demonstrates variable results across centers. Objective To assess the outcomes of LTA in the treatment of metastases failing radiosurgery across multiple centers and to determine if any treatment factors are predictive of outcome. Methods Clinical data for 30 patients across 4 centers were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they received LTA therapy following radiosurgical failure due to radiation necrosis or tumor regrowth. Demographics, surgical data, and follow-up imaging and clinical information were collected. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine treatment factors that were associated with post-LTA outcome. Results The large majority of patients responded favorably to LTA treatment with low complication rates (23%), short length of stay (53% ≤ 2 d) and reductions in perilesional edema (63%). A total of 73.3% of patients stopped steroids and 48% saw improvement of their preoperative symptoms. Patients with better pre-LTA Karnofsky Performance Status had better survival. Patients who had lesions with more perilesional T2 change post-LTA had a better chance of weaning off steroids and obtaining symptomatic relief. Conclusion MRI-guided laser thermal ablation therapy serves as a viable alternative to traditional treatment options for metastatic brain lesions failing radiosurgery. Although this study is limited by size and is retrospective, LTA therapy may result in symptomatic improvement and a more prominent reduction in fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery signal for larger lesions.
Training intraverbal bidirectional naming to establish generalized equivalence class performances.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of tact and intraverbal training on the establishment of generalized equivalence classes. Seventeen college students were exposed to tact training, listener testing, and intraverbal training (A'B’ and B'C’) in two experiments. Visual–visual matching-to-sample and intraverbal tests measured performances consistent with the formation of equivalence classes. Generalization was assessed with four novel sets of stimuli. In the second experiment, matching-to-sample tests for baseline relations (AB, BC) were eliminated to control for the possibility that equivalence classes were developed through exposure to these visual stimulus–stimulus relations. Thirteen of 17 participants passed all matching-to-sample and intraverbal posttests. Results suggest that when trained and emergent intraverbal relations were not maintained or were faulty, participants did not respond correctly during matching-to-sample posttests.
Command shaping of a boom crane subject to nonzero initial conditions

Input shaping is an open-loop command shaping method that has been used on a wide variety of flexible systems. It has been shown to be particularly useful in the control of cranes. However, most previous research on the use of input shaping has been limited to rest-to-rest commands. Because input shaping is open-loop, it is inherently incapable of eliminating existing, unknown vibration in a system. This paper will expand on prior research that has shown the feasibility of using input shaping to eliminate nonzero initial conditions. Particularly, the elimination of these conditions from a boom crane will be considered. Computer simulations support the effectiveness of a simple input shaping technique to accomplish nonzero initial condition elimination from a planar boom crane undergoing a luff command.
Pathomechanisms of TDP-43 in neurodegeneration

Neurodegeneration, a term that refers to the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, is a feature of many neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). There is no cure or treatment available that can prevent or reverse neurodegenerative conditions. The causes of neurodegeneration in these diseases remain largely unknown; yet, an extremely small proportion of these devastating diseases are associated with genetic mutations in proteins involved in a wide range of cellular pathways and processes. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that the most notable neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, FTLD, and AD, share a common prominent pathological feature known as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy, which is usually characterized by the presence of aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, cleavage and/or nuclear depletion of TDP-43 in neurons and glial cells. The role of TDP-43 as a neurotoxicity trigger has been well documented in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. As such, the investigation of TDP-43 pathomechanisms in various major neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise. Here, after a discussion of stages of TDP-43 proteinopathy during disease progression in various major neurodegenerative diseases, we review previous and most recent studies about the potential pathomechanisms with a particular emphasis on ALS, FTLD, and AD, and discuss the possibility of targeting TDP-43 as a common therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Quadratic Diophantine Equations

34.1. We take a nondegenerate quadratic space \((V,\,{\varphi})\) of dimension \(\,n\,\) over a local or global field F in the sense of §21.1.
The Role of Arthroscopic Arthrodesis and Minimal Invasive Surgery in the Salvage of the Arthritic Wrist: Midcarpal Joint

Wrist arthritis can be treated with partial wrist fusion to restore function and reduce pain. These procedures require significant surgical dissection and are not without complications. Minimally invasive or percutaneous surgery has been shown to reduce complications and allow for an early return of hand function. We report on partial wrist arthrodesis using minimally invasive surgical techniques including arthroscopy and mini-fluoroscopy. The technique of capitolunate (CL) arthrodesis is described in detail, including results and complications.
The Emergency Planning Controversy

Since 1970 the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), later the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, has recognized a need for procedures to protect the public in case of accidents at a nuclear plant. Prior to the Three Mile Island accident in March of 1979 emergency planning was not a major priority because the AEC/NRC considered the probability of a major accident to be so low and back-up safety systems to be so reliable. Applicants for an operating license had to indicate how they would respond to an emergency, but did not need to specify the steps to be taken to implement the plans. Also, the AEC/NRC evaluated emergency plans not when it reviewed the construction permit, but when it issued an operating license. This meant that an emergency planning problem might surface only after a multi-billion dollar facility was built (Urban Law Review, 1980).
The Tales that Article 2B Tells

Proposed article 2B's description of its own relationship with copyright law is at best confused, and at worst disingenuous. The Preface to Article 2B insists that its purpose is not to create new rights in information or informational works, but only to facilitate transactions in rights deriving from some other source of law. The statutory language, however, contemplates the assertion of rights beyond those provided by any branch of intellectual property law. Ultimately, the Preface appears to contemplate that an enforceable license may be based solely on the fact that the licensor "has control over the source of information that the licensee desires to utilize," without regard to intellectual property rights. Such a rule would be inconsistent with current law, and dubious as a matter of intellectual property and informational policy. It leaves the reader at sea as to which, if any, of the statements in the Preface she should consider reliable. Perhaps we should call this the age of disingenuousness. The baby boom generation grew up with the idea that advertisers shade the truth to persuade consumers to buy their products.' We have learned that politicians sometimes speak with the intent to mislead.2 Recently, we've seen some proposed laws that fit right into the pattern. Laws ought to be immune from the sins of false advertising; after all, if they aren't clear about what it is they seek to do, how likely is it that they will work? But, wise or not, it is easy to point out laws that purport to accomplish one goal while apparently seeking to achieve a very different one. Perhaps it is not so great a leap, after all, to draft proposed laws and explanatory language that seek to convey a misstatement or two about what it is the law is intended
Contribution of High School Sport Participation to Young Adult Bone Strength.

Introduction Nearly 8 million American adolescents participate in sports. Participation declines in young adulthood. Purpose This study assessed longitudinal effects of high school sport participation and muscle power on young adult bone strength. Methods Two hundred twenty-eight young adults from the Iowa Bone Development Study completed an interscholastic sport participation questionnaire. Current physical activity (PA) behaviors were assessed via questionnaire. Dual x-ray absorptiometry assessed hip areal bone mineral density and was used with hip structure analysis to estimate femoral neck section modulus and hip cross-sectional area. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography provided strength-strain index and bone strength index at 38% and 4% midshaft tibial sites, respectively. Vertical jump estimated muscle power at 17 yr. Sex-specific multiple linear regression predicted young adult bone outcomes based on sport participation groups. Mediation analysis analyzed the effects of muscle power on relationships between sport participation and bone strength. Results At follow-up, males participating in any interscholastic sport had greater bone strength than males who did not participate in sport. The explained variability in bone outcomes was 2% to 16%. Females who participated in sports requiring muscle power had greater bone strength than females who did not participate in sports or females who participated in nonpower sports (explained variability was 4%-10%). Muscle power mediated 24.7% to 41% of the effect of sport participation on bone outcomes in males and 19.4% to 30% in females. Conclusions Former male interscholastic sport participants and female interscholastic power sport participants have stronger bones than peers even when adjusting for current PA. Muscle power did not fully explain differences in all bone outcomes, suggesting that sport participation has additional bone health benefits.
Progression-free(PFS) and overall survival (OS) in treatment of BRAF mutation-positive metastatic melanoma: Bayesian network meta-analysis.

e21532Background: First-line treatment options for patients with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma include dacarbazine (DTIC), dabrafenib (DAB), dabrafenib + trametinib (DAB+TRA), vemurafenib (VEM),...
Optimal use of the visual analog scale: Observations from ratings of emotional speech

Researchers use many tools to measure participant performance during experiments. The visual analog scale has been used in many areas of research as a valid way to measure listener perception of various aspects of a signal. Ratings using the visual analog scale are commonly averaged over a number of trials to estimate listeners’ perception. This presentation delves into issues which may be encountered when using a visual analog scale for measuring perception of voice (in this case, vocal emotion). An experiment was performed which gathered ratings of emotional activation and pleasantness for many stimuli of four emotion categories (angry, sad, happy, and calm) from 10 listeners. These data will be examined for patterns of variance in a time-course analysis to identify listener certainty or biases created when using the visual analog scale during a long experimental task. Implications of bias and the impact on research results will be discussed along with additional and alternative measurement options for researchers to consider. Researchers use many tools to measure participant performance during experiments. The visual analog scale has been used in many areas of research as a valid way to measure listener perception of various aspects of a signal. Ratings using the visual analog scale are commonly averaged over a number of trials to estimate listeners’ perception. This presentation delves into issues which may be encountered when using a visual analog scale for measuring perception of voice (in this case, vocal emotion). An experiment was performed which gathered ratings of emotional activation and pleasantness for many stimuli of four emotion categories (angry, sad, happy, and calm) from 10 listeners. These data will be examined for patterns of variance in a time-course analysis to identify listener certainty or biases created when using the visual analog scale during a long experimental task. Implications of bias and the impact on research results will be discussed along with additional and alternative measurement options for ...
Do Geology Field Courses Improve Penetrative Thinking

Geoscientists use spatial thinking skills in many common tasks, such as adding a third dimension to two-dimensional maps by drawing cross-sections or envisioning rock fabrics from a single hand sam...
Risk Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Vertebral Fractures.

Objective Few studies have examined the outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of vertebral fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine patient-related and surgery-related risk factors associated with 30-day postoperative mortality after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebral fractures. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of data from the 2010–2014 ACS-NSQIP database. Adult patients who underwent ORIF of vertebral fractures in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine were included. Patients were divided into 2 groups on the basis of the occurrence of 30-day postoperative mortality. A univariate analysis was performed to compare baseline patient characteristics, comorbidities, operative variables, and 30-day postoperative complications between the mortality and nonmortality groups. A subsequent multivariate regression analysis adjusting for patient and operative factors was then performed to identify independent risk factors for 30-day mortality. Results A total of 900 patients who underwent vertebral ORIF were included. The overall 30-day postoperative mortality rate was 1.56%. The mortality group had a higher incidence of pneumonia, pulmonary complications, cardiac complications, blood transfusion, sepsis, and prolonged hospitalization. Multivariate regression analysis identified pulmonary comorbidity and diabetes as independent predictors of 30-day mortality following ORIF of vertebral fractures. Conclusions Pulmonary comorbidity and diabetes were found to be independent risk factors for 30-day mortality after ORIF of vertebral fractures. Recognizing these risk factors is important in preoperative risk stratification, perioperative care, and patient counseling.
Crustal fracturing, unconformities, and barite deposition, 3.26-3.23 Ga, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Abstract Small sedimentary barite deposits are widespread in the 3.258–3.225 Ga Fig Tree Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt (BGB), South Africa. This report explores the stratigraphy of these units, the types of barite present, their depositional settings, and the controls on sedimentation in the Barite Valley area. Five morphological types of barite are recognized: masses of irregularly layered bladed barite termed barite plugs, mounded barite, barite splays, flat-layered bladed barite, and barite sand. In all areas studied, barite deposition was closely associated with active faults and fractures in the underlying rock sequences that are inferred to have been conduits by which barium-bearing fluids made their way to the surface. The barite deposits are also associated with unconformities below, within, and/or above the barite layers. Associated sedimentary rocks show evidence of deposition within intertidal, fan delta, and shallow water to subaerial settings. Previous sulfur isotopic studies have shown that the sulfate originated by photolysis in the atmosphere. We infer that the barite was deposited where barium-bearing, shallow subsurface waters vented to the land surface via mostly small, cool springs and interacted directly with sulfate-bearing meteoric waters, probably often rainwater, triggering barite precipitation. Plug barite marks spring vents, mounds developed in pools, and the outflow systems were characterized by layered bladed barite with increasing barite sand toward more distal settings. Associated thin jasper beds are thought to have formed by oxidation of sedimentary pyrite and siderite by meteoric waters carrying photolysis-produced oxidants, probably H2O2 and perhaps O2. The Barite Valley barite deposits do not appear to have developed in open marine or evaporitic settings and their geochemistry may carry little information on the composition of Archean sea water or nature of the underlying crust.
Nursing home fraud schemes: Forensic accounting lessons from litigation

The potentially high payoffs from nursing home fraud continues to be a temptation for those associated with nursing homes. In Blythe and Goodpasture [2], some of the more egregious examples of Medi...
Perrault Syndrome Diagnosis in a Patient Presenting to Her Primary Care Provider with Secondary Amenorrhea

Perrault syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing loss and female gonadic eukaryotic dysgenesis. Here, we report the case of a 20-year-old female that presented to her internal medicine physician after suffering from secondary amenorrhea. After multiple negative pregnancy tests done with primary care physicians, a further evaluation by an internal medicine specialist showed an elevated FSH and LH as well as a small uterus and streak ovaries on transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound. She was referred to the OB-GYN service, gonadal dysgenesis was diagnosed, and proper treatment was initiated. We intend to highlight this presentation of ovarian dysfunction and provide guidance for the proper diagnosis and management of the said disorder.
Size-Dependent Mechanical Properties of a Metal-Organic Framework: Increase in Flexibility of ZIF-8 by Crystal Downsizing

Size engineering is an emerging strategy to modulate the mechanical properties of crystalline materials. Herein, micro- and nanodimensional single crystals of the prototypical metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8 are generated using solvothermal and solution methods, respectively. Atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation technique was used to measure the Young's modulus values of micro- and nanodimensional individual ZIF-8 crystals. We demonstrate that crystal downsizing to nanoscale dimensions results in a 40% reduction in crystal stiffness. The change is attributed to a greater contribution of surface effects to the physical properties of nanocrystalline ZIF-8. The observed change in the mechanical properties may be used to explain reported size-dependent changes in gas adsorption of ZIF-8, thought to be a result of differences in framework flexibility at the nanoscale. Our work provides an important example on how downsizing of crystalline metal-organic materials can give rise to specific and tunable physical properties.
Acute Resistance Exercise at Varying Volume Loads Does Not Enhance Plasma Interleukin-6

Background: Aerobic exercise has been shown to impart anti-inflammatory effects partly through increased secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Still unclear, however, is whether resistance exercise (RE) also enhances IL-6 secretion. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the effect of RE, performed at varying volume loads (VL), on plasma IL-6. Methods: Ten subjects (seven males and three females: age 37.9 ± 11.4 years; height 170.81 ± 11.16 cm; weight 71.36 ± 11.26 Kg.) participated in three randomized RE protocols: high VL (HVL) (5 sets x 20 repetitions at 45% 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), medium VL (MVL) (3x12 at 75% 1-RM), and low VL (LVL) (2x4 at 90% 1-RM) each separated by 96 hours. Capillary blood for IL-6 measurements was drawn immediately pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 1- and 2-hours post-exercise. Results: There were no significant differences in plasma IL-6 between exercise condition (LVL, MVL, HVL) or at any time point (p=0.422 and p=0.870, respectively). Conclusion: Plasma IL-6 levels are not acutely sensitive to RE, regardless of volume load; therefore, any reported anti-inflammatory effect of RE appears to operate outside of the exercise-induced IL-6 pathway.
The F Word: The Role of Women’s Friendships in Navigating the Gendered Workplace of Academia:

This conceptual paper contributes a new perspective on the role of women academics’ friendships in helping them navigate and counter the masculine culture of academia. Drawing on Self-Determination...