cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The seroprevalence of the rubeola antibody in a prenatal screening program

Objective To evaluate the seroprevalence of the rubeola (measles) antibody in several obstetric populations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, women presenting for prenatal care underwent measurement of antibodies to the rubeola virus. The study population presented for care at either an urban medical center (group I) or a suburban medical center (group II). These groups were divided further into those receiving care in a resident-supervised clinic (A) and those in a private-practice setting (B). Results A total of 768 women were tested. Seventy-five (9.8%) women had rubeola antibody titers less than or equal to 0.13 and were classified as seronegative. The lowest percentage of seronegative women (3.2%) was found at the urban resident-supervised clinic site. The highest percentage of seronegative women (20.5%) was found in the suburban resident-supervised clinic site. Women classified as seronegative were younger, with a mean age of 25.0 years. No significant difference was observed based on gravidity, parity, or care received in an urban versus suburban privatepractice setting. Conclusion We suggest that an appreciable number of women presenting for prenatal care may lack antibodies to the rubeola virus. In the interest of personal and public health, populations believed to be at risk may benefit from ongoing surveillance of immune status and appropriate vaccination. Additional study is necessary to define best those groups that would benefit from surveillance and vaccination.
Assessment of Psychiatric Patients' Risk of Violence Toward Others

Evaluating a patient’s risk of committing violence against another person is one of the more common duties of the physician in the psychiatric emergency service. In the psychiatric emergency service at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center, with which the first author previously was affiliated, some 10 percent of patient visits are occasioned by concern about homicidal thoughts. Others have reported that up to 17 percent of patients seen in the psychiatric emergency service are homicidal, and that up to 5 percent are both homicidal and suicidal (1). This paper presents guidelines to help clinicians in the psychiatric emergency service evaluate patients who present with homicidal ideation or violent behavior. The guidelines are styled after a similar presentation on the assessment of suicide risk published in this column last year (2). General considerations As with suicide, no clinician can predict what is going to happen. The goal is risk assessment. The treatment decision must be related to the outcome of that risk assessment. In other words, the emergency clinician is not in the business of predicting an out come, but of making a logical assessment of a prevailing risk of violence in order to develop a reasonable treatment plan (3). A limited database on risk factors for violence exists, but researchers have concluded that, in general, the only factor associated with future violent behavior is a history of violence (4). In any case, epidemiological databases are largely irrelevant to the clinician in the psychiatric emergency service. Epidemiology focuses on longterm prevalence rates—for example, three-year rates—or lifetime prevalence rates. The data are related to the overall probability that a person will eventually attempt or commit a violent act. In the psychiatric emergency service, the clinician is con cerned with short-term risk, not the risk over future months or years. The definition of short-term risk is controversial. Does a homicide committed by someone who was evaluated two weeks earlier suggest faulty risk assessment? As we suggested in our discussion of suicide risk assessment (2), we consider a period of 24 hours as the short term. This period represents the maximum amount of time most emergency facilities can retain patients without admitting them as inpatients. As in the assessment of the suicidal
Biculturalism Unpacked: Components, Measurement, Individual Differences, and Outcomes

Cultural contact due to migration, globalization, travel, and the resulting cultural diversity, has led to growing numbers of bicultural individuals, which demands further research on this group. In this article, we introduce the concept of biculturalism and provide the foundation necessary for understanding literature on this topic, beginning research in this area, and recognizing biculturalism in everyday life. In unpacking the construct of biculturalism, we first define it along with its components and related constructs (e.g. acculturation strategies). Second, we compare and discuss various ways of measuring biculturalism (e.g. unidimensional versus bidimensional models). Third, we organize and summarize the limited literature on individual differences in bicultural identity, focusing on the construct of Bicultural Identity Integration (Benet-Martinez & Haritatos, 2005). Lastly, we review the possible outcomes resulting from biculturalism. I think of myself not as a unified cultural being but as a communion of different cultural beings. Due to the fact that I have spent time in different cultural environments, I have developed several cultural identities that diverge and converge according to the need of the moment. (Sparrow, 2000, 190) Most agree that our society is increasingly diverse and multicultural, but who is bicultural? Would a European American who eats Mexican food, speaks Spanish, and is married to a Mexican American be considered bicultural? What about an African American individual born and raised in the USA? Is he or she bicultural? In this article, we argue that there is more than one definition of biculturalism by reviewing the various definitions of biculturalism and presenting biculturalism within the context of acculturation. Because there is also more than one way to operationalize biculturalism, we compare and contrast the various methods of measuring it. Furthermore, we argue that there is more than one way to be bicultural and subsequently discuss variations among bicultural individuals, particularly the construct of Bicultural Identity Integration (BII). Finally, we argue for the potential benefits of biculturalism.
Molecular Diagnostic Approaches to Metabolic Myopathies by Target Gene Capture and Next Generation Sequencing (P07.215)

Objective: To develop an effective molecular approach by target gene capture and next generation sequencing for the diagnosis of metabolic myopathies. Background Metabolic myopathy is a group of clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases due to defects in cellular energy metabolism, which includes three major categories: glycogen storage diseases, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders. Clinical presentation, abnormal metabolites, and biochemical enzymatic analyses may help with the diagnosis of the disease, however, the ultimate definitive diagnosis is the identification of causative molecular defects in the genes responsible for the disease. Design/Methods: A group of 24 nuclear genes commonly found to be associated with metabolic myopathies were enriched by hybridization of genome DNA with target gene specific probes (NimbleGen) followed by next generation sequencing (NGS). In addition, one single pair of primer was used to amplify the whole 16.6 kb mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) for massively parallel sequencing by NGS. Results: The sequencing was performed using Illumina9s HiSeq 2000. Twelve individually barcoded samples were pooled and analyzed. QC samples are indexed accordingly and spiked in with each sample. The coverage depth for the nuclear genes was 500X and for the mitochondrial genome was 20,000X. This deep coverage allows accurate base calls and quantitative analysis of mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy. Our results demonstrated that mutations in POLG, OPA1, LCHAD, CPTII, PHKs , and PYGM genes were all correctly identified. In addition, heteroplasmy of mtDNA point mutations and large deletion with breakpoints were also accurately determined. Conclusions: Capture of target genes in combination with long range PCR of mtDNA followed by next generation massively parallel sequencing allows cost effective analyses of a group of genes commonly involved in metabolic myopathies. This approach also provides quantitative information of mtDNA point mutations and large deletions. Disclosure: Dr. Zhang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cui has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose.
The systhesis and photolysis of 1-phenylcyclohexaneacetic acid azide

s the hydrogen atom from the asymmetric carbon followed by rapid radical recombination. Also, Yamada and Terashima14 studied the photochemical decomposition of the optically active acyl azide (42) in an effort to examine the spin state of the acyl nitrene (which could intervene in lactam formation) . · Me··-· I Me I ·R-C*-CH -(CH ) -CO-N I 2 2 2 3 ~~~~ R-C-CH -(CH ) CO-Nt+ I 2 2 2 H~ Me I / H\ (44) Me t R-C __.cH2 I -\ '\. ' I • \ fH2 I ' . CH2 , ' , I R-C-CH -(CH ) -CO-Ntt I 2 2 2 H (45) H ________ NCO Me / .R-~*--CH2 / I ( 46) lH2 H N CH 2 \ I c (43) II 0 Optically active (R)-5-methyl-6-phenylhexanoyl azide (48) was synthesized from S-(+)-2-methyl-3-phenylpropionic acid (47) and photochemically decomposed in dichloromethane. S-(-)-6-benzyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone (49) was obtained (4.3%) with 98% retention of configuration. 15 COOH I r ' Me....._c._H I I I i {4 7) + + + 0 II (C(H2)3C-N3 I I. 1 ·. ."hv Me_c_....H
Analysis of active factors of high growth of foreign trade of China in 2002

In 2002 China faces serious international economic environment but foreign trade unusually grows, which results from the related foreign policy, multiple foreign trade main bodies, high quality and optimal structure of exported goods and gradual rational export market and so on in China. China should continue to give free rein to its advantage and make foreign trade steady growth.
Anti-K- ras 1 Ribozyme Adenoviral Vector for Gene Therapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for men and women in the United States. Several factors affect survival in nonsmall-cell lung cancer [NSCLC; i.e., stage, age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS)]. The 5-yr survival rate is<15% for newly diagnosed cases following conventional treatments. Tumor oncogenetic defects appear to be associated with adverse survival (1,2). The presence of a ras mutation or p21(ras) oncoprotein overexpression correlates with an unfavorable prognosis for patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (3). These findings suggest that abnormal ras function contributes to pathophysiology, and raise the possibility that reversal of aberrant ras activity may serve as a viable therapeutic approach.
Bringing the Book to Life: Responding to Historical Fiction Using Digital Storytelling

Using participatory action research, the first researcher functioned as co-teacher in a fifth-grade class in a large northeastern city public school. The researcher and classroom teacher guided 28 students working in book clubs to compose digital stories in response to historical fiction. The research questions were: (a) What interpretations did students have of their historical fiction novels through the mediational tools of digital storytelling? (b) How did the dynamics of the book club structure contribute to the students’ interpretive work? Data sources included students’ process and product work, video and audio recordings of work sessions, reflective notes and journal, a semi-structured interview with the teacher, and stimulated recall interviews with three case study book clubs. Both researchers used multimodal analysis, particularly the concept transmediation, concepts of interpretation in reader response, and grounded theory, informed by activity theory, to analyze data. Findings show students’ e...
Effect of low-density lipoprotein on the expression of high affinity Fcγ receptors

A substrain of the human monocyte-like cell line U937, which is a cholesterol auxotroph, was used to study the effect of cellular cholesterol depletion on the expression of the type I Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma RI). Measurement of Fc gamma RI expression was performed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibody (mAb) 32.2, which is specific for an epitope on Fc gamma RI, and monomeric IgG2a, which binds to the ligand binding site of Fc gamma RI. Incubation of these cells for 24 h in growth medium containing delipidated fetal calf serum depletes cellular cholesterol without affecting growth or viability. While incubation of U937 cells with human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increased Fc gamma RI expression, cholesterol depletion after cell growth in media containing delipidated serum and IFN-gamma resulted in reduced binding of both mAb 32.2 and IgG2a. A significant decrease in the number of cell surface binding sites, as measured by mean fluorescence intensity, was observed after cholesterol depletion. Supplementation of the delipidated serum medium with pure cholesterol in an ethanol/bovine serum albumin mixture, which replenished cellular cholesterol and supported growth, failed to restore antibody binding significantly. In contrast, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) which also delivered cholesterol to the cells restored binding both in terms of the number of the reactive cells and cell surface receptor density. High-density lipoprotein (HDL3), which does not deliver cholesterol to the cells, showed results similar to those obtained with pure cholesterol. This indicates that either LDL cholesterol is better utilized for membrane synthesis than pure cholesterol or that LDL provides another component, in addition to cholesterol, which is required for expression of Fc gamma RI, but not for growth. These studies indicate a role for LDL in regulating the expression of Fc gamma RI on the cell surface.
Residue‐centric modeling and design of saccharide and glycoconjugate structures

The RosettaCarbohydrate framework is a new tool for modeling a wide variety of saccharide and glycoconjugate structures. This report describes the development of the framework and highlights its applications. The framework integrates with established protocols within the Rosetta modeling and design suite, and it handles the vast complexity and variety of carbohydrate molecules, including branching and sugar modifications. To address challenges of sampling and scoring, RosettaCarbohydrate can sample glycosidic bonds, side-chain conformations, and ring forms, and it utilizes a glycan-specific term within its scoring function. Rosetta can work with standard PDB, GLYCAM, and GlycoWorkbench (.gws) file formats. Saccharide residue-specific chemical information is stored internally, permitting glycoengineering and design. Carbohydrate-specific applications described herein include virtual glycosylation, loop-modeling of carbohydrates, and docking of glyco-ligands to antibodies. Benchmarking data are presented and compared to other studies, demonstrating Rosetta's ability to predict glyco-ligand binding. The framework expands the tools available to glycoscientists and engineers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhancing tolerance to unexpected jumps in GR(1) games

When used as part of a hybrid controller, finite-memory strategies synthesized from linear-time temporal logic (LTL) specifications rely on an accurate dynamics model in order to ensure correctness of trajectories. In the presence of uncertainty about the underlying model, there may exist unexpected trajectories that manifest as unexpected transitions under control of the strategy. While some disturbances can be captured by augmenting the dynamics model, such approaches may be conservative in that bisimulations may fail to exist for which strategies can be synthesized. In this paper, we consider games of the GR(1) fragment of LTL, and we characterize the tolerance of hybrid controllers to perturbations that appear as unexpected jumps (transitions) to states in the discrete strategy part of the controller. As a first step, we show robustness to certain unexpected transitions that occur in a finite manner, i.e., despite a certain number of unexpected jumps, the sequence of states obtained will still meet a stricter specification and hence the original specification. Additionally, we propose algorithms to improve robustness by increasing tolerance to additional disturbances. A robot gridworld example is presented to demonstrate the application of the developed ideas and also to perform empirical analysis.
Transfer Hydrogenation from Glycerol: Activity and Recyclability of Iridium and Ruthenium Sulfonate-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts

Three ruthenium(II) and two iridium(III) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes functionalized with sulfonates are compared with respect to their activity and selectivity for the transfer hydrogenation of imines, aldehydes, ketones, and olefins using neat glycerol as hydrogen donor and solvent. Four of the five catalysts likely proceed through a monohydride mechanism and are more active for transfer hydrogenation of imines than aldehydes, ketones, and olefins. The fifth catalyst likely proceeds through a dihydride mechanism and is found to be more active for carbonyls than imines and olefins. Lactic acid is observed as the only detectable byproduct from glycerol. Quantitative poisoning experiments with 1,10-phenanthroline suggest that the predominant catalytically active species is a ligated homogeneous complex with weak binding to the poison. The potential for catalyst recycling is explored: the ruthenium NHC catalysts with chelating ligands are found to be more robust and recyclable relative to the irid...
Clinical implications of genomic-directed therapies by comprehensive genomic profiling in breast cancer patients at a large academic cancer center.

e12037Background: Increased use of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) has recently led to improved genomic characterization of tumors, increased access to individualized therapies and increased ...
Patient selection and preoperative evaluation for fecal incontinence

Abstract Patient selection and preoperative evaluation play a vital role in the application of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) to fecal incontinence (FI). The history and physical should elucidate the nature of the incontinence, including duration, severity, type of leakage, as well as associated pathology (e.g., urinary incontinence, prolapse, etc.). Additionally, the use of a validated incontinence scoring system in obtaining an objective measure is recommended as a way to monitor an individual patient’s response to treatment over time. Despite dramatic success with SNM for severe incontinence, medical therapies should remain first-line treatment, especially for mild to moderate FI. In addition to idiopathic causes of FI, small series have reported successes in patients with disrupted anal sphincters, spinal cord injury, rectal prolapse, and low anterior resection syndrome. In general, studies on sacral neuromodulation have failed to identify consistent predictors correlating with response to treatment. Two considerations unique to SNM, cardiac pacemakers and anomalous anatomy, are not absolute contraindications but do mandate thorough preoperative planning and counseling.
Methods for the Control of Convergence in Obtained Solutions

The homotopy analysis method of Liao has proven useful in obtaining analytical solutions to various nonlinear differential equations. As discussed in the preceding chapter, in this method, one has great freedom to select auxiliary functions, operators, and parameters in order to ensure the convergence of the approximate solutions and to increase both the rate and region of convergence. In the present chapter, we discuss the selection of the initial approximation, auxiliary linear operator, auxiliary function, and convergence control parameter in the application of the homotopy analysis method, in a fairly general setting.
On the Relationship Between Observed NLDN Lightning Strikes and Modeled Convective Precipitation Rates: Parameterization of Lightning NO x Production in CMAQ

In the middle and upper troposphere, lightning is the most important source of nitrogen oxides (NOX = NO + NO2), which play an essential role in the production of ozone (O3) and influence the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere (Murray 2016). Despite much effort in both observing and modeling lightning NOX during the past decade, considerable uncertainties still exist with the quantification of lightning NOX (LTNOX) production and distribution in the troposphere. Further, it is challenging for regional chemistry and transport models to parameterize LTNOX production and distribution in time and space accurately. Most studies estimate global LTNOX production ranging from 2 to 8 Tg (N) year−1 or about 10–15% of the total NOx budget (Pickering et al. 2014). However, owing to the concerted effort to reduce anthropogenic NOx emissions in recent decades, it is expected that the relative burden of LTNOX and its associated impact on atmospheric chemistry will increase. As a result, it is important to include LTNOX even when modeling ground level air quality and the interaction of air-surface exchange processes.
On slowly varying systems - l-infinity to l-infinity performance and implications to robust adaptive control

The authors present a result on the l-infinity to l-infinity performance of slowly time varying systems. In particular, it is shown that the performance of such systems cannot be much worse than that of the frozen-time systems which are time invariant. This result is used to characterize a class of indirect adaptive controllers that can stabilize a time-invariant system subjected to both parametric and l-infinity to l-infinity bounded unstructured uncertainty. Pertaining to this class of controllers, a particular indirect adaptive scheme is proposed that provides the greatest upper bound on the size of the unstructured uncertainty for which stability is ensured.
The Challenge of Social Inclusion: A Basis for Enclave Community Approaches

U.S. efforts to promote the social inclusion of persons with serious mental illnesses have relied primarily on individualistic models, exemplified by the individual placement and support (IPS) model of supported employment. As little attention has been paid to social outcomes other than employment, the study examined the objective and subjective outcomes of IPS in terms of social inclusion by critically reviewing the research literature. A little over half of IPS users are likely to obtain competitive jobs; work, on average, for less than 6 months; and earn less than $5000 per year over the first few years. IPS appears limited in promoting broader social inclusion, calling into question the wisdom of limiting service user choices solely to individualistic approaches to what may be considered more of a social challenge. A social model of “enclave communities” may improve social inclusion outcomes and establish a more solid foundation for employment programs, including IPS.
Morphology of block copolymer micelles formed via electrospray enabled interfacial instability.

Abstract Hypothesis Elongated micelles may be preferred over spherical because of their increased loading capacity, differential mass transport and biodistribution. Although morphological transitions of block co-polymer (BCP) micelles have been extensively investigated in batch systems, research on continuous or semi-continuous scalable approaches such as flash nanoprecipitation and coaxial electrospray-enabled interfacial instability (Aero-IS) have primarily focused on producing spherical micelles. This paper investigates whether process changes intended to increase micelle production via Aero-IS also induce morphological transitions. Experiments BCP micelles were synthesized from carboxylated polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) (PS 9.5 kDa:PEO 18.0 kDa) using Aero-IS. Volumetric flowrates, polymer concentrations, and emulsion temperature were varied to investigate their effect on the micelle production rate and resulting micelle structure, including transitions to worm-like micelles. Findings These findings report the first worm-like micelles formed via a scalable, interfacial instability approach. The morphological transitions obtained by increasing polymer concentration occurred at lower nominal values than in corresponding batch processes. Optimizing operating conditions also led to a 12-fold increase in micelle production rates over prior electrospray reports (Duong, 2014). Thus, the Aero-IS approach holds promise for scalable nanomanufacturing of worm-like micelles, potentially enabling applications in drug delivery, imaging, diagnostics, and separations.
Abstract 18986: Heart Failure Admissions Under Observation versus Short Inpatient Stay: A Cohort Study

Background: Many patients with heart failure (HF) are admitted for decongestion and have an unpredictable response to therapy. Based on the current practice, patients get admitted either under observation or inpatient stays, a designation which may be more reflective of administrative practices than patient status. We sought to understand the outcomes of patients admitted under observation vs inpatient status who remained in-hospital for less than 2 days. Methods: From 2008 through 2015, our multi-site health system saw 21,339 patients totaling 52,493 admissions with a primary diagnosis of HF. Patients were excluded if they underwent cardiac surgery (n=611), heart transplant (n=187), LVAD (n=198), or if they died during hospitalization (n=1839). Of the remaining 50,654 discharges, two groups were identified; group I (admitted under inpatient status, discharged within 2 days) and group II (admitted under observation). Outcomes were HF readmission, all-cause readmission and all-cause mortality within 1 year of discharge. Results: 8,709 admissions (17%) under inpatient status resulted in discharge within 2 days; 2,648 admissions (5%) were designated under observation. HF readmission rate at 1 year was 55.3% in group I vs 66.5% in group II; HR 0.75 (95% CI 0.71-0.80), p Conclusion: Patients admitted with inpatient status who are discharged within 2 days had lower readmission rates and equivalent mortality to patients admitted for observation, suggesting that the difference between these groups is more administrative designation than reflection of patient status at time of admission. A revised treatment-based algorithm and admission rules are needed to guide physicians and shape healthcare policy.
The Objectification of Women and Nature

Dehumanization as a terror management defense is especially prone to impact attitudes and behaviors toward women. A compelling body of evidence demonstrates that reminders of feminine reproductive functions, including menstruation, lactation, and pregnancy, are typically associated with nature. Reminders of the creaturely aspects of women and thoughts about nature tend to trigger anxieties about death and dying. As a result, the animalistic or mechanistic objectification of women serves a terror management function. Animalistic objectification reduces the woman to an object that is less than human, whereas mechanistic objectification idealizes the feminine body as a means to suppress creaturely aspects of feminine reproduction that are experienced as threatening. Objectification can take on various forms, which are explored systematically.
Tagging Electronic ICs using Silicon Nitride Photonic Physical Unclonable Functions

We demonstrate an on-chip photonic physical unclonable function using integrated evanescently coupled multimode spiral waveguides formed in silicon nitride with rich spectral features and validate it for use in an identification tagging application for electronic ICs.
Analysis of titanium nitrides precipitated during medium carbon steels solidification

Abstract For certain applications, coarse titanium nitride (TiN) precipitates can be deleterious for the final properties of the material. Hence, in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in the generation of these precipitates, a characterization of the particles observed in steels with different titanium and nitrogen content was carried out. Samples from liquid steel (tundish), continuous casting billets and final product were evaluated using an Automatic Particle Analyzer (APA) coupled to a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The location, frequency, size distribution and composition of the different particles observed were assessed. While only few TiN precipitates were observed in liquid steel samples, the density of this type of particles significantly increased in the continuous casting billets samples. Particles ranging from 1 to 10 μm were mainly found in the interdendritic zones of the as-cast structure. The density of TiN particles observed in these samples did not change after re-heating and rolling operations. A microsegregation model previously developed was adapted to predict TiN precipitation during solidification. A reasonable agreement was found between model results and measured data. Results of this analysis confirmed that the precipitated fraction of TiN increases as the product of steel Ti and N contents rises.
On NASPAA Accreditation: Fred Was Right…But for the Wrong Reason

The debate over accreditation is far from over. Forty years ago, Fred Thayer feared that complying with the standards of the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA...
Preservation of hearing in the surgical removal of cerebellopontine angle tumors.

Over the past two decades, great progress has been made in surgery for the removal of cerebellopontine angle tumors. Newer diagnostic imaging techniques allow for precise diagnosis of smaller lesions. Micro-surgical techniques have increased the frequency of total tumor removal with conservation of function.
Atomic-scale structure of water-based zirconia xerogels by X-ray diffraction

The structural evolution of zirconia thin films and gel powders has been evaluated by X-ray diffraction. Maxima (r 1 and r 2) of the experimental radial distribution function RDF and the bond angles θ were determined and correlated with TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), DTA (differential thermal analysis) and MS (mass spectrometry). The results indicate that the topological short-range structure (<5 A) of amorphous zirconia thin films, independent of drying temperature, resembles that of crystalline tetragonal ZrO2. In contrast, amorphous zirconia powder gels dried at temperatures below 120°C show atomic arrangements similar to that of tetragonal ZrO2. The structure of these gels annealed at temperatures between 165–340°C resembles a distorted tetragonal ZrO2, monoclinic-like structure. Zirconia powders and films contain crystalline tetragonal ZrO2 at 400°C.
Privacy Leak Classification on Mobile Devices

Mobile devices have access to personal, potentially sensitive data, and there is a growing number of mobile apps that have access to it and often transmit this personally identifiable information (PII) over the network. In this paper, we present an approach for detecting such PII “leaks” in network packets going out of the device, by first monitoring network packets on the device itself and then applying classifiers that can predict with high accuracy whether a packet contains a PII leak and of which type. We evaluate the performance of our classifiers using datasets that we collected and analyzed from scratch. We also report preliminary results that show that collaboration among users can further improve classification accuracy, thus motivating crowdsourcing and/or distributed learning of privacy leaks.
Capability and need: A framework for understanding why states create sovereign wealth funds

Over the past half‐century, roughly one‐quarter of states in the international system have created sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). As a case of sovereign states investing public wealth mostly in private markets across borders, it is not altogether clear why SWFs have proliferated to this extent. What explains their spread in recent decades? In this paper, I build on a multidisciplinary literature that conceives of SWFs as a type of insurance against external risk and argue that middle economic powers that are highly exposed in global trade and capital markets are the states most likely to establish these institutions. Such states possess both the capability to create an SWF of a size sufficient to insure against risk and the need for the insurance function of a SWF by virtue of their relatively vulnerable position in the global economy. To evaluate my argument, I rely on a data set consisting of all states in the international system from 1950 to 2012 including the 48 SWFs created during that period. I find that middle economic powers with high degrees of trade and capital openness are the states most likely to create SWFs.
Effects of Amantadine on Corneal Endothelium

Abstract Purpose An adverse effect of amantadine, a drug used for Parkinson's disease, is corneal edema. While corneal endothelial cell loss is noted with amantadine toxicity, the reversibility of corneal edema suggests that amantadine affects active mechanisms regulating corneal hydration. Although mainly known as a NMDA receptor antagonist, amantadine is also a K+-channel blocker. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential mechanisms of amantadine's toxic effects on corneal endothelium. Methods Bovine corneas were used for short-circuit current measurements of corneal endothelial active ion transport to compare the effects of amantadine with an NMDA receptor agonist (NMDA) and antagonist (D-APV), and the K+-channel blockers BaCl2 and clotrimazole. Cell death and changes in cell morphology were observed using annexin V stain, alizarin red S staining of the intercellular junctions, ZO-1 immunolocalization, and phalloidin stain of the actin cytoskeleton. Results Amantadine caused a transient decrease in the short-circuit current that mimicked the effect of clotrimazole. BaCl2, and the NMDA receptor agonist and antagonist had no effect on the short-circuit current. Tissue incubation with amantadine caused an increase in cell area (measured by ZO-1 localization) and cell height (measured by phalloidin stain) but did not increase apoptotic cell death (annexin V stain). Conclusions The similarity of amantadine and clotrimazole effects on the short-circuit current and the effects on cell volume suggest that amantadine's actions on corneal endothelium are mediated via K+ channels. The observed absence of cell death and transient effect on short-circuit current support the reported reversibility of amantadine–induced corneal edema.
Rational Apathy: The Curse of Shareholder Empowerment in Uncontested Board Elections

In contrast to popular belief, this paper shows that there does not exist an unambiguous positive relationship between an unbiased shareholder’s voting power and the quality of corporate governance. I utilize a 2010 NYSE policy change that increased shareholders’ voting power in uncontested board elections, and, to establish the causality, I take advantage of the exogenous election cycles for director elections. I find that an increase in individual shareholder’s voting power will worsen some measures of corporate governance (CEO’s pay-performance sensitivity and probability of removing poison pills). I show that this is due to shareholders’ decreased participation in both the sponsorship of governance proposals and active voting in annual meetings. I argue that the negative relationship between shareholders’ voting power and their participation is due to a free-rider problem in the collective action.
2 – NUMERICAL SOFTWARE

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the way of working of numerical methods and software. Software provides a new and rapid means of dissemination of knowledge through the scientific community. The typical off-the-shelf program solves a standard problem, and so important new knowledge of techniques and methods, that is, know-how, can be incorporated into new software. Numerical software from outside sources comes in four basic forms: (1) individual programs, (2) software packages, (3) numerical software libraries, and (4) software systems. Individual programs are the most common; they are designed to carry out one specific computation. A software package is a set of programs for a particular problem area and is usually narrowly focused. Examples include packages for linear equations, initial value problems in ordinary differential equations, elementary functions, etc. Program libraries are important in computing. The motivation for using a library program is to avoid writing and debugging a new program.
Power Emulator of Variable Speed Drive with Grid Frequency Support in Multi-Converter Based Power Grid Emulation System

Variable speed drives (VSDs) have been gaining more popularity in recent years, since they not only improve the motor load performance, but also can provide grid frequency support after a grid disturbance. However, the existing open loop grid frequency control scheme restricts the power support performance provided by VSDs. In this paper, a closed loop primary frequency support scheme adopted by the VSD is proposed for grid frequency enhancement. Additionally, a real-time power emulator for a passive-front-end VSD using a three-phase voltage source converter (VSC) is developed, which is used for analog testing environment. The developed VSD load emulator demonstrates an accurate dynamic performance without sacrificing the computational resources and simulation time. The accuracy of the VSD load emulator has been verified by experimental results. Furthermore, the grid frequency support provided by VSD loads is performed in the multi-converter based hardware test-bed (HTB) by using the proposed VSD power emulator.
The Rule of Manhood: Tyranny, Gender, and Classical Republicanism in England, 1603–1660

Through stories of lustful and incestuous rulers, of republican revolution and of unnatural crimes against family, seventeenth-century Englishmen imagined the problem of tyranny through the prism of classical history. This fuelled debates over the practices of their own kings, the necessity of revolution, and the character of English republican thought. The Rule of Manhood explores the dynamic and complex languages of tyranny and masculinity that arose through these classical stories and their imaginative appropriation. Discerning the neglected connection between concepts of power and masculinity in early Stuart England, Jamie A. Gianoutsos shows both how stories of ancient tyranny were deployed in the dialogue around monarchy and rule between 1603 and 1660 and the extent to which these shaped English classical republican thought. Drawing on extensive research in contemporary printed texts, Gianoutsos persuasively weaves together the histories of politics and manhood to make a bold claim: that the fundamental purpose of English republicanism was not liberty or virtue, but the realisation of manhood for its citizens.
Alienation from Leisure: Smartphones and the Loss of Presence

Smartphones have exacerbated the devolution of humans’ ability to maintain presence, or the practice of being aware of what is happening while it is happening in all manners of their lives, especia...
Ensemble Analysis Identifies Nasal 15-Keto-PGE2 as a Predictor of Recovery in Experimental Rhinovirus Colds.

Background Symptom intensity during a common cold is highly variable, particularly after the illness peaks, contributing to delay in recovery. Rhinoviruses frequently cause colds and, during acute infections, generate leukotriene B4 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 is known to initiate oxylipin class switching and resolution of acute inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that during acute rhinovirus colds, oxylipins with pro-resolving capabilities reduce symptom severity and speed recovery. Methods Four groups of healthy volunteers were inoculated with placebo or 3 different doses of rhinovirus A16. Participants kept daily records of symptoms and contributed serial nasal lavage fluid samples. We collected semi-quantitative mass spectrometry data for 71 oxylipins in these acute samples from all participants. An ensemble analysis approach was used to further reduce this dataset. Results Levels of 15-keto-PGE2 at day 3 of the cold were consistently among the top candidates in these models of recovery symptoms. 15-keto-PGE2 was the only oxylipin with an interaction between inoculum dose and time. Acute 15-keto-PGE2 levels were inversely associated with symptoms during cold recovery in a multivariable analysis (P = .0043). Conclusions These findings show that high 15-keto-PGE2 levels during the acute cold are associated with fewer symptoms during recovery.
Racism: a fundamental driver of racial disparities in health-care quality

Racial disparities in health-care access, quality and outcomes are pervasive and persistent. Racism is a fundamental driver of racial disparities. Individuals and institutions in the health-care system must prioritize addressing racism as their professional responsibility through training, support and inclusion. Racial disparities in health-care access, quality and outcomes are frequent. Here, the authors discuss how racial disparities can be addressed at an individual and institutional level.
Microwave holographic tuning of a dual- polarized Ku-band microstrip antenna array

This paper presents the design, measurement and diagnosis of a panel of a spaceborn, dual-polarized Ku-band microstrip antenna array for future SAR imaging of terrestrial snow covering. A novel hybrid feeding scheme is proposed to achieve dual polarizations, and the design is believed to be unique by applying a single-layered substrate while maintaining the compact size. The microwave holographic imaging technique is applied to obtain actual amplitude and phase distributions as a guideline for fine-tuning the array configuration, in order to compensate the mutual coupling effect induced by closely-placed transmission lines. Both 1x16 and 4x16 subarrays are prototyped and measured, with desired radiation patterns achieved after array diagnosis using holographic images achieved in near-field measurements. (5 pages)
Differential expression patterns of histone modifying enzymes in ovarian cancer in response to estradiol and bisphenol A (942.3)

Ovarian cancer is the ninth most common cancer but the fifth leading cause of cancer death for women. It has long been known that ovarian cancer growth and development is dependent upon estrogen. Conversely there is less known about how environmental estrogens influence ovarian cancer development. Estrogenic compounds have been shown to affect the epigenome, yet little is known about the specific mechanisms by which these changes occur. This work focused on the effects of both estradiol and the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) on the expression of histone modifying enzymes (HMEs) in two different human ovarian cancer model systems, SKOV3 and OVCAR3. Specifically, the expression of Set8, a histone methyl transferase, and Sirt1, a histone deacetylase, was examined in response to physiological doses of either estrogen or BPA. In addition, the experiments were carried out using physiological conditions. There are differences in the expression pattern of these genes between the two compounds and also betw...
The “Designed” Israeli Interior, 1960–1977: Shaping Identity

The concept of a “home” had played an important role during the early decades of Israel's establishment as a home for all the Jewish people. This study examines the “designed” home and its material culture during the 1960s and 1970s, focusing on aesthetic choices, approaches, and practices, which came to highlight the home's role as a theater for staging, creating, and mirroring identities, or a laboratory for national boundaries. It seeks to identify the conceptualization of the domestic space during fundamental decades in the history of Israel.
Solving the scalability dilemma with clouds, crowds, and algorithms

The creation, analysis, and dissemination of data have become profoundly democratized Social networks spanning 100/per day of millions of users enable instantaneous discussion, debate, and information sharing Streams of tweets, blogs, photos, and videos identify breaking events faster and in more detail than ever before Deep, on-line datasets enable analysis of previously unreachable information This sea change is the result of a confluence of Information Technology advances such as: intensively networked systems, cloud computing, social computing, and pervasive devices and communication The key challenge is that the massive scale and diversity of this continuous flood of information breaks our existing technologies State-of-the-art Machine Learning algorithms do not scale to massive data sets Existing data analytics frameworks cope poorly with incomplete and dirty data and cannot process heterogeneous multi-format information Current large-scale processing architectures struggle with diversity of programming models and job types and do not support the rapid marshalling and unmarshalling of resources to solve specific problems All of these limitations lead to a Scalability Dilemma: beyond a point, our current systems tend to perform worse as they are given more data, more processing resources, and involve more people exactly the opposite of what should happen. The Berkeley RADLab is a collaborative effort focused on cloud computing, involving nearly a dozen faculty members and postdocs, several dozen students and fifteen industrial sponsors The lab is in the final year of a five-year effort to develop the software infrastructure to enable rapid deployment of robust, scalable, data-intensive internet services In this talk I will give an overview of the RADLab effort and do a deeper dive on several projects, including: PIQL, a performance insightful query language for interactive applications, and SCADS, a self-managing, scalable key value store I will also give an overview of a new effort we are starting on next generation cloud computing architectures (called the ”AMPLab” - for Algorithms, Machines, and People) focused on large-scale data analytics, machine learning, and hybrid cloud/crowd computing In a nutshell, the RADLab approach has been to use Statistical Machine Learning in the service of building large-scale systems The AMPLab is exploring the other side of this relationship, namely, using large-scale systems to support Statistical Machine Learning and other analysis techniques for data-intensive applications And given the central role of the cloud in a world of pervasive connectivity, a key part of the research agenda is to support collaborative efforts of huge populations of users connected through cloud resources.
Metamaterial emitters with custom angle-dependent polarization profiles in the near-IR

Metamaterial emitters have previously been studied for controlling the angle and polarization of near-IR emissivity from a surface. Here, we investigate bianisotropic metamaterials that can be tailored to have custom angle-dependent emissivity polarization profiles in the near-IR. A genetic algorithm is employed to synthesize an electromagnetic band-gap metamaterial structure that transitions from linear polarization normal to the surface to circular polarization at a preselected oblique angle.
Unemployment: Toward a Social Work Agenda

volved in efforts to promote employ ment-related legislation, such as H.R. 50—the Full Employment and Bal anced Growth Act of 1978 (originally known as the Humphrey-Hawkins bill)—and of plant-closure laws. Still others have participated in the design and implementation of employment and training services such as those under the Comprehensive Employ ment and Training Act (CETA). These activities of individuals need to be
Fibromuscular dysplasia: catheter, cut or laissez faire? That remains the question.

Fibromuscular dysplasia can result in significant hypertension in women between 15 and 50 years of age. It, however, only accounts for <10% of cases of renovascular hypertension. While fibromuscular dysplasia has been shown to affect multiple arterial beds, the frequency of involvement in renal arteries is 60–70%, with bilateral disease occurring in 35% of patients.