cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Functional Groups of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase

For want of the three-dimensional structure of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC/O), kinetic analysis of chemical modification reactions remains a viable option for investigating functional amino acid residues involved in the catalysis of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation. While RuBPC/O activity was shown to be sensitive to derivatization of lysine (Whitman, Tabita 1976; Paech et al. 1977), arginine (Schloss et al. 1978; Chollet 1981), histidine (Bhagwat, Ramakrishna 1981; Saluja, McFadden 1982), tyrosine (Robison, Tabita 1979; Bhagwat 1982), and cysteine (Rabin, Trown 1964), only lysine-201 of the spinach enzyme could be assigned a function by virtue of the fact that CO2, as a homotropic effector, covalently binds to the e-amino group of this lysine (Lorimer 1981). To prove the ‘essentiality’ of all other amino acid residues, circumstantial evidence has to suffice until such time that x-ray crystallography or other physical methods establish their presumed positions. In this report two presumably functional groups, the imidazole ring of histidine and sulfhydryl groups of cysteine, have been further characterized.
Reappraisal: The Suez Crisis and its Aftermath, 1957–60

The Suez crisis is often claimed to be a watershed in postwar British history. The operation to retake the Suez Canal was among the most significant British military ventures in the twentieth century, and it was perhaps the most humiliating. The belief, both at home and abroad, that Britain was a world power of the first rank is commonly thought to have been stripped away by failure in this episode. Yet, while the events of late 1956 were a stunning blow to Britain’s international prestige, the significance of the crisis for the east of Suez role is less than one might suspect. In fact, with regard to the country’s overseas military role, the years immediately following the Suez debâcle did not mark a sharp break with the past. The main lines of Britain’s policy east of Suez remained remarkably steady in the late 1950s.
Enlarged vestibular aqueducts and other inner-ear abnormalities in patients with Down syndrome.

Background: Histopathological anomalies of inner-ear structures in individuals with Down syndrome have been well documented; however, few studies have examined the radiological features. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of temporal bone computed tomography images in 38 individuals (75 ears) with Down syndrome to evaluate the prevalence of inner-ear abnormalities and assess vestibular aqueduct widths. Results: Inner-ear anomalies were identified in 20 of the 38 individuals (52.6 per cent). Seven of the 75 temporal bones (9.3 per cent) were found to have higher than previously reported. A dilated internal auditory canal and vestibule were more common among the present study group, while prior studies have demonstrated internal auditory canal stenosis and decreased vestibule size. Conclusion: Down syndrome patients exhibit a high prevalence of dysplastic inner-ear features that confer substantial risk of sensorineural hearing loss. Computed tomography is a useful screening aid to detect inner-ear abnormalities, particularly enlarged vestibular aqueducts, which cause preventable sensorineural hearing loss in this population.
Incremental laser space weathering of Allende reveals non-lunar like space weathering effects

Abstract We report findings from a series of laser-simulated space weathering experiments on Allende, a CV3 carbonaceous chondrite. The purpose of these experiments is to understand how spectra of anhydrous C-complex asteroids might vary as a function of micrometeorite bombardment. Four 0.5-gram aliquots of powdered, unpacked Allende meteorite were incrementally laser weathered with 30 mJ pulses while under vacuum. Radiative transfer modeling of the spectra and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) analyses of the samples show lunar-like similarities and differences in response to laser-simulated space weathering. For instance, laser weathered Allende exhibited lunar-like spectral changes. The overall spectra from visible to near infrared (Vis-NIR) redden and darken, and characteristic absorption bands weaken as a function of laser exposure. Unlike lunar weathering, however, the continuum slope between 450–550 nm does not vary monotonically with laser irradiation. Initially, spectra in this region redden with laser irradiation; then, the visible continua become less red and eventually spectrally bluer. STEM analyses of less mature samples confirm submicroscopic iron metal (SMFe) and micron sized sulfides. More mature samples reveal increased dispersal of Fe-Ni sulfides by the laser, which we infer to be the cause for the non-lunar-like changes in spectral behavior. Spectra of laser weathered Allende are a reasonable match to T- or possibly K-type asteroids; though the spectral match with a parent body is not exact. The key take away is, laser weathered Allende looks spectrally different (i.e., darker, and redder or bluer depending on the wavelength region) than its unweathered spectrum. Consequently, connecting meteorites to asteroids using unweathered spectra of meteorites would result in a different parent body than one matched on the basis of weathered spectra. Further, spectra for these laser weathering experiments may provide an explanation for inconsistencies observed in both laboratory (e.g., Hiroi et al., 2003 , Hiroi et al., 2001 , Lazzarin et al., 2006 , Moroz et al., 2004 , Moroz et al., 1996 , Shingareva et al., 2004 ) and telescopic data ( Lazzarin et al., 2006 , Marchi et al., 2006 , Nesvorný et al., 2005 ).
Evo-devo: Developmental constraints.

Morphology and gene expression in mid-embryogenesis are highly conserved across species of the same phylum. In nematodes, developmental constraints, rather than natural selection, explain how this pattern was established during evolution.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement Method for Optimal Control Using Decay Rates of Legendre Polynomial Coefficients

An adaptive mesh refinement method for solving optimal control problems is described. The method employs orthogonal collocation at Legendre-Gauss–Radau points. Accuracy in the method is achieved by adjusting the number of mesh intervals, the polynomial degree within each mesh interval, and, when possible, reducing the mesh size. The decision to increase the degree of the polynomial within a mesh interval or to create new mesh intervals is based on the decay rate of the coefficients of a Legendre polynomial approximation of the state as a function of the index of the Legendre polynomial expansion. The polynomial degree in a mesh interval is increased if the Legendre polynomial coefficient decay rate exceeds a user-specified threshold. Otherwise, the mesh interval is divided into subintervals. The method developed in this brief is then demonstrated on two examples, one of which is a practical problem in aircraft performance optimization. It is found that the approach developed in this brief is more efficient, is simpler to implement, and requires the specification of fewer user-defined parameters when compared with recently developed adaptive mesh refinement methods for optimal control.
Evaluation and Management of Axillary Artery Injury: The Orthopaedic and Vascular Surgeon's Perspective

Axillary artery injury is an uncommon but potentially devastating injury.Early diagnosis, prompt exposure, and careful control of bleeding are critical to achieving a positive outcome.Early vascular surgical intervention may mitigate the potential for mortality caused by exsanguination or loss of li
Human Service Administrator Perceptions of Online MSW Degree Programs

ABSTRACTOnline programs have proliferated rapidly in higher education, and this reality holds true for social work education as well. Employing a mixed methods design, this study looked at employer perceptions of online degrees compared to traditional degrees. Data was collected through an online survey that included Likert type and open-ended questions assessing employer attitudes and hiring practices regarding individuals who possess online MSW degrees. Results suggest that a majority of social service administrators believe traditional MSW degrees are preferable to those attained online, especially with respect to clinical training. These findings have significant implications for online MSW programs and graduates with online degrees.
The transgressive possibilities of foregrounding somatic values

In this article, the author reflects on how somatic values, which are interrelated to yet distinct from somatic principles, direct her pedagogical approach to and the content of an eight-week modul...
Mechanical or Biologic Prostheses for Aortic-Valve and Mitral-Valve Replacement.

BackgroundIn patients undergoing aortic-valve or mitral-valve replacement, either a mechanical or biologic prosthesis is used. Biologic prostheses have been increasingly favored despite limited evidence supporting this practice. MethodsWe compared long-term mortality and rates of reoperation, stroke, and bleeding between inverse-probability-weighted cohorts of patients who underwent primary aortic-valve replacement or mitral-valve replacement with a mechanical or biologic prosthesis in California in the period from 1996 through 2013. Patients were stratified into different age groups on the basis of valve position (aortic vs. mitral valve). ResultsFrom 1996 through 2013, the use of biologic prostheses increased substantially for aortic-valve and mitral-valve replacement, from 11.5% to 51.6% for aortic-valve replacement and from 16.8% to 53.7% for mitral-valve replacement. Among patients who underwent aortic-valve replacement, receipt of a biologic prosthesis was associated with significantly higher 15-yea...
Operating cost optimization of interconnected nanogrids considering bidirectional effect of V2G and V2H

This paper presents an optimization of total operating cost of an interconnected nanogrid (ING) considering the effect of vehicle to home (V2H) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G), which helps to minimize the total operating cost. The major objective is to reduce carbon emission, total operating cost and the peak load demand while satisfying the customer preferences of each nanogrid. A mixed integer linear program (MILP) is formulated to solve the economic operation of the ING. Furthermore, case studies are performed to demonstrate the positive impact INGs have on minimizing total operating cost.
4D printing of a self-morphing polymer driven by a swellable guest medium

There is a significant need of advanced materials that can be fabricated into functional devices with defined three-dimensional (3D) structures for application in tissue engineering, flexible electronics, and soft robotics. This need motivates an emerging four-dimensional (4D) printing technology, by which printed 3D structures consisting of active materials can transform their configurations over time in response to stimuli. Despite the ubiquity of active materials in performing self-morphing processes, their potential for 4D printing has not been fully explored to date. In this study, we demonstrate 4D printing of a commercial polymer, SU-8, which has not been reported to date in this field. The working principle is based on a self-morphing process of the printed SU-8 structures through spatial control of the swelling medium inside the polymer matrix by a modified process. To understand the self-morphing behavior, fundamental studies on the effect of the geometries including contours and filling patterns were carried out. A soft electronic device as an actuator was demonstrated to realize an application of this programmable polymer using the 3D printing technology. These studies provide a new paradigm for application of SU-8 in 4D printing, paving a new route to the exploration of more potential candidates by this demonstrated strategy.
Atraumatic Clostridial Myonecrosis in an Immunocompromised Host.

Abstract Background Necrotizing fasciitis is usually associated with a surgical or traumatic wound. Clostridial myonecrosis is an uncommon but deadly infection that can develop in the absence of a wound and is often associated with occult gastrointestinal cancer or immunocompromise, or both. Case Report We report a case of catastrophic atraumatic Clostridium septicum infection in an immunocompromised host. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Emergency physicians most commonly associate necrotizing fasciitis with superinfection of an open wound. This case reminds physicians that patients with acquired neutropenia can present with spontaneous gas gangrene due to C. septicum. Providers should consider this diagnosis in immunocompromised patients who present with acute onset of severe atraumatic limb pain.
Active learning for designing detectors for infrequently occurring objects in wide-area satellite imagery

Abstract Generating ground truth to design object detectors for large geographic areas covered by hundreds of satellite images poses two major challenges: one algorithmic and the other rooted in human–computer interaction considerations. The algorithmic challenge relates to minimizing the human annotation burden by collecting only those ground truth samples that are likely to improve the classifier. And the human–computer interaction challenge relates to the temporal latencies associated with scanning all the images to find those ground truth samples and eliciting annotations from a user. We address the algorithmic challenge by using the now well-known concepts from Active Learning, albeit with a significant departure from how Active Learning has traditionally been presented in the literature: we present a human-operated active learning framework, rather than relying on previously collected fully labeled datasets for simulated experiments. And, we address the human-computer interaction challenge by using a distributed approach that relies on multiple virtual machines working in parallel to carry out randomized scans in different portions of the geographic area in order to generate the active-learning based samples for human annotation. We demonstrate our wide-area framework for two infrequently occurring objects over large geographic areas in Australia. One is for detecting pedestrian crosswalks in a region that spans 180,000 sq. km, and the other is for detecting power transmission-line towers in a region that spans 150,000 sq. km. Using randomly selected unseen regions for measuring detector performance, the crosswalk detector works with 92% precision and 72% recall, and the transmission-line tower detector with 80% precision and 50% recall.
Electrical Conductivity of Inhomogeneous Systems: Application to Magnetic Multilayers and Giant Magnetoresistance

Recently there has been great interest in the transport properties of layered magnetic materials because of the discovery of a new form of magnetoresistance1 called the giant magnetoresi stance (GMR). GMR is a change in the electrical resistivity of a magnetically inhomogeneous material that occurs when the application of a magnetic field brings the moments in different regions into alignment. GMR has been observed in several geometries, but the most promising and interesting GMR systems are composed of thin layers of ferromagnetic material separated by non-magnetic or very weakly magnetic spacer layers. For layered GMR systems, electric fields are usually applied so that the current flows parallel to the layers. This “current in the plane” geometry will be assumed in this paper.
Electronic Government Research: Topical Directions and Preferences

We surveyed the worldwide e-Gov researcher community and collected data on disciplinary backgrounds, topical orientations, and publication preferences from over 200 scholars including more than 80 percent of the most prolific scholars in the domain. The results demonstrate the richness and diversity of electronic government research worldwide. Some topics are more prevalent in some regions than others. The paper presents the results and discusses, which directions the domain may take to further strengthen its growing reputation and recognition.
Developmental expression of a regulatory gene is programmed at the level of splicing.

Abstract We report sequence and transcript structures for a 6191-base chromosomal segment containing the presumptive regulatory gene from Drosophila, suppressor-of-white-apricot [su(wa)]. Our results indicate that su(wa) expression is controlled by regulating occurrence of specific splices. Seven introns are removed from the su(wa) primary transcript during precellular blastoderm development. The sequence of this mature RNA indicates that it is a conventional messenger RNA. In contrast, after cellular blastoderm the first two of these introns cease to be efficiently removed. The mature RNAs resulting from this failure to remove the first two introns have structures quite unexpected of mRNAs. We propose that postcellular blastoderm su(wa) expression is repressed by preventing splices necessary to produce a functional mRNA. Implications and mechanisms are discussed.
CAPITALISMO RACIAL: EL CARÁCTER NO OBJETIVO DEL DESARROLLO CAPITALISTA

espanol«La civilizacion europea no es producto del capitalismo. Por el contrario, el caracter del capitalismo puede entenderse unicamente en el contexto social e historico de su aparicion». Esta es una de las tesis revolucionarias presentes en el historico libro Black Marxism. The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. Cedric J. Robinson desarrolla en este extracto fundamental de este escrito una critica a las interpretaciones convencionales, que desde el poso comun de la metafisica occidental en el que se construye el marxismo, son desplegadas para explicar la emergencia de la burguesia. Parte de las claves de una nueva lectura sobre este aspecto esencial de la lectura materialista de la historia moderna, se encuentran en una revision exhaustiva de los particularismos, conflictos y tensiones existentes en el interior de las sociedades feudales europeas English“European civilization is not the result of capitalism. On the contrary, the character of capitalism can only be understood in the social and historical context of its emergence”. This is one of the breakthroughs in the foundational book Black Marxism. The Making of the Black Radical Tradition. In this fundamental section, Cedric J. Robinson deploys some criticism to the conventional renderings taken from the common pool of Western metaphysics upon which Marxism rests, used to explain the emergence of bourgeoisie. Some of the keys to this new reading of this essential issue in a materialist view of modern history are to be found in a thorough review of particularisms, conflicts and strains existing inside European feudal societies
How Violent Epistemology Manifests in Schools: The Case of DCX

This chapter concludes the case study by focussing in on the broad variety of ways in which violence manifests in the case-study school, DCX. Drawing on a large body of qualitative data collected during a period of immersive field research, the author analyses how multiple manifestations of violence can be seen to result from numerous enactments and impacts of violent epistemology at all levels—from the individual to the collective, institutional, structural, and global scales. The analysis presented in the previous chapters is drawn together to provide a detailed understanding of violence in the context of day-to-day life within the school. Examples are given of the wide range of ways in which violence manifests within the school, and the author discusses how these can be seen as resulting from, and contributing to self-perpetuating cycles of violent epistemology, and the non-conducive circumstances that such epistemology fosters.
Challenges to Academic-Industry Partnerships

The need for industrial research efforts to incorporate the talents, specialized capabilities and flexibility that come by partnering with academic research labs will continue to rise. This presents unique opportunities and challenges for academic research labs. Here we detail the cultural, marketing, and budgetary challenges of such relationships when they are structured on a “fee-for-service” basis. We detail our experience at the University of Michigan of trying to address these challenges while offering practical solutions. The important point is that overcoming these challenges can provide for more rapid innovation in industrial research efforts and provide diversified revenue to support the next generation of academic research capabilities.
Vapor 3: A modern 3D visualization suite for Geophysical Sciences

Vapor v3.1 is an open-source, cross platform visualization and analysis tool for finite element simulations in the physical sciences. Vapor offers users a set of tools called Renderers that let them depict their simulation data in different ways.With this most recent release, Vapor has undergone a significant refactorization of its code base which has spanned a 15 year history. Much of Vapor's old code has been discarded and rewritten to improve its ease of use, maintainability, and rendering quality. These improvements aim to help scientists easily demonstrate their simulations in a way that results in superior communication of their research.The video pertaining to this submission will demonstrate how Vapor is used, new features in the current version, and how things have changed since the previous major release, Vapor 2.6.
The CopterSonde: An Insight into the Development of a Smart UAS for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Research

Abstract. The CopterSonde is an uncrewed aircraft system developed in-house by a team of engineers and meteorologists at the University of Oklahoma. The CopterSonde is an ambitious attempt by the Center for Autonomous Sensing and Sampling to address the challenge of filling the observational gap present in the lower atmosphere among the currently used meteorological instruments such as towers and radiosondes. The CopterSonde is a unique and highly flexible platform for in situ atmospheric boundary layer measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution, suitable for meteorological applications and research. Custom autopilot algorithms and hardware features were developed as solutions to problems identified throughout several field experiments carried out since 2017. In these field experiments, the CopterSonde has been proved capable of safely operating at wind speeds up to 22 m s-1, flying at 3050 m above mean sea level, and operating in extreme temperatures: nearly −20 °C in Finland and 40 °C in Oklahoma, United States. Leveraging the open-source ArduPilot autopilot code has allowed for seamless integration of custom functions and protocols for the acquisition, storage, and distribution of atmospheric data along with the flight control data. This led to the creation of features such as the "wind vane mode" algorithm which commands the CopterSonde to always face into the wind. It also allowed for the design of an asymmetric airframe for the CopterSonde, which is shown to have more convenient locations for weather sensor placement, in addition to allowing for improvements in the overall aerodynamic characteristics of the CopterSonde. Moreover, it has also allowed the team to design and create a modular shell where the sensor package is attached and which can run independently of the CopterSonde's main body. The CopterSonde is on the trend towards a smart UAS tool with a wide possibility of creating new adaptive and optimized atmospheric sampling strategies.
Genomic correlates of extreme pathologic response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced gastric cancer to reveal distinct vulnerabilities.

441Background: Clinical factors associated with pathologic response (PResp) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in locally advanced gastric cancer (LAGC) are well studied; however, genomic cor...
Charitable Contributions and College Admissions: A Proposal

Payments of $20,000 or more to colleges should be denied charitable contribution deductions when (1) the child or grandchild of the payer has applied for admission and (2) the payment is made during the year in which the application is considered.
$L^2\times L^2\times L^2\to L^{2/3}$ boundedness for trilinear multiplier operator

This paper discusses the boundedness of the trilinear multiplier operator $T_{m}(f_1,f_2,f_3)$, when the multiplier satisfies a certain degree of smoothness but with no decaying condition and is $L^{q}$-integrable with an admissible range of $q$. The boundedness is stated in the terms of $\|m\|_{L^{q}}$. In particular, \begin{equation*}\|T_{m}\|_{L^2\times L^2\times L^2\to L^{2/3}}\lesssim\|m\|_{L^{q}}^{q/3}.\end{equation*}
Collaboration of Researchers and Stakeholders: Transforming Educator Preparation

This study contributes to the literature on first year teachers by identifying complexities and struggles of becoming a teacher and the implications of district-university partnerships to strengthen our educator preparation program. The importance of partnerships with stakeholders, memorandum of agreements to share data, observations of first year teachers by university faculty, employer surveys, and the first year teacher’s perspectives about how well our university prepared them, as well as how they compare with other first year teachers nationally is addressed. Multiple sources of data were used to provide information about completers, individuals that graduated from the educator preparation program. These include state reports, national trends, and review of survey results next to universities across the United States involved in teacher preparation. Graduates of our teacher preparation program have a 93% retention rate after five years of teaching. The national average is 50% after five years.
Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma with extensive plasmacytic differentiation and t(14;18) in both the lymphoid and plasma cell components.

Primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (PCFCL) is the most common cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. The typical immunophenotype includes expression of both CD20 and BCL6, with the majority of cases lacking expression of CD10, BCL2, and the characteristic t(14;18)/IGH-BCL2 rearrangement seen in systemic follicular lymphoma (FL). Plasmacytic differentiation (PD) is an uncommon finding in both systemic and cutaneous FLs and presents a diagnostic challenge when present, leading to the potential for misdiagnosis as marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). Limited reports have described light chain-restriction in the plasma cell component of FLs with PD, and rare cases of PCFCL with PD have been described. While the IGH-BCL2 translocation has been identified in a subset of FLs with PD, the presence of the BCL2 translocation in monotypic plasma cells of PCFCL has not been previously described to our knowledge. Here we report a case of PCFCL with extensive PD in a 77-year-old woman that was favored to represent primary cutaneous MZL on an initial punch biopsy. Excisional biopsy, however, revealed that the atypical lymphocytes expressed CD10, BCL6, and BCL2, while the plasma cell component demonstrated light chain lambda restriction. FISH studies showed the presence of an IGH-BCL2 translocation in both the lymphocytic and plasmacytic components. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Radiation Therapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

The management of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) varies according to stage. Surgical resection is reserved for operable patients with early-stage NSCLC, while high-dose target radiation-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)-is reserved for patients whose comorbidities prohibit them from a major surgical procedure. The treatment of locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) is stratified according to resectability. Those with resectable disease may require additional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation, while patients with unresectable disease will require definitive chemoradiation therapy with adjuvant durvalumab. Patients with limited metastatic disease benefit from the combination of SBRT and systemic therapy.
Therapists’ reactions to the suicide of a patient: traumatic loss impairing bereavement and growth

When a patient dies by suicide while in treatment, there are a wide range of reactions from therapists involved in the patient’s treatment. Intrapsychic, interpersonal and systemic responses sustai...
Involuntary Psychiatric Hospitalization: How Patient Characteristics Affect Decision-Making

Emergency department (ED) psychiatrists face the consequential decision to pursue involuntary inpatient psychiatric admission. Research on the relationship between patient characteristics and the decision to pursue involuntary psychiatric admission is limited. Using data from 2017 to 2018 at an urban Los Angeles hospital, we used generalized linear mixed effects models to compare patients who were involuntarily admitted to inpatient psychiatry to patients who were discharged from the ED. Of 2,448 patients included in the study, 1,217 (49.7%) were involuntarily admitted to inpatient psychiatry and 1,231 (50.3%) were discharged. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, admitted patients were more likely to have been brought in by police, have had an organized suicide plan or recent attempt, physical signs of harm, psychosis, depression or hopelessness, lack social support, have diagnoses of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, and be administered injectable psychotropic medications. Stimulant use, a diagnosis of anxiety or developmental disorders, and recent medical ED utilization were associated with discharge. Psychiatrists pursued involuntarily psychiatric hospitalization based on factors potentially indicative of dangerousness, leaving patients, particularly those with recent substance use, without immediate access to treatment. Policies should focus on increasing follow up to high quality, voluntary outpatient mental health care.
Why Do Partisan Media Polarize Viewers

The recent increase in partisan media has generated interest in whether such outlets polarize viewers. I draw on theories of motivated reasoning to explain why partisan media polarize viewers, why these programs affect some viewers much more strongly than others, and how long these effects endure. Using a series of original experiments, I find strong support for my theoretical expectations, including the argument that these effects can still be detected several days postexposure. My results demonstrate that partisan media polarize the electorate by taking relatively extreme citizens and making them even more extreme. Though only a narrow segment of the public watches partisan media programs, partisan media’s effects extend much more broadly throughout the political arena.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin for the management of superior mesenteric artery pseudoaneurysm

Visceral aneurysms are a well-recognized and potentially fatal occurrence in the event of rupture. Endovascular occlusion using stent grafting or embolization is often favorable over high-risk open surgical repair. However, interventional mesenteric angiography may not always be feasible or successful. We present an emergency case of successful occlusion of a large peripancreatic pseudoaneurysm using a single percutaneous injection of thrombin under ultrasound guidance alone after both laparotomy and mesenteric angiography had failed to identify and control bleeding. In this case and review of the current evidence, we propose an effective alternative first-line treatment strategy in these complex patients.
An Extensible Environment for Expert System Development

The use of expert systems in the speed-up of human professional work has been in two orders of magnitude with resulting increases in human productivity and financial returns. Last decade shows that a growing number of organizations shift their informational systems towards a knowledge-based approach. This fact generates the need for new tools and environments that intelligently port the legacy systems in modern, extensible and scalable knowledge-integrated systems. This paper presents an extensible, user-friendly environment for expert system development, which supports the integration of high-level knowledge ”beans” into host projects, data integration from conventional database systems and system’s verification, debugging and profiling.
Multiple target tracking by integrating track refinement and data association

Multiple target tracking that integrates target model estimation and data association steps is described. The integration allows successive refinement of the models while reducing the uncertainty in data association. Each target is described by ”weak” models of kinematics, shape and appearance. The target models are refined in a two-stage process: image-based tracklets of high purity and accuracy are generated, and geospatial tracks are extended from these tracklets. During each stage of tracking, observation data of reduced uncertainties are associated with the refined tracks in a probabilistic manner. We describe our approach in the context of a real time system that has been tested and evaluated for vehicle and human tracking in sparse, medium, and dense clutter using aerial EO/IR video.
Metrics of success: Measuring impact of a departmental near-miss incident learning system.

Abstract Purpose There is a growing interest in the application of incident learning systems (ILS) to radiation oncology. The purpose of the present study is to define statistical metrics that may serve as benchmarks for successful operation of an incident learning system. Methods and materials A departmental safety and quality ILS was developed to monitor errors, near-miss events, and process improvement suggestions. Event reports were reviewed by a multiprofessional quality improvement committee. Events were scored by a near-miss risk index (NMRI) and categorized by event point of origination and discovery. Reporting trends were analyzed over a 2-year period, including total number and rates of events reported, users reporting, NMRI, and event origination and discovery. Results A total of 1897 reports were evaluated (1.0 reports/patient, 0.9 reports/unique treatment course). Participation in the ILS increased as demonstrated by total events (2.1 additional reports/month) and unique users (0.5 new users/month). Sixteen percent of reports had an NMRI of 0 (none), 42% had an NMRI of 1 (mild), 25% had an NMRI of 2 (moderate), 12% had an NMRI of 3 (severe), and 5% had an NMRI of 4 (critical). Event NMRI showed a significant decrease in the first 6 months (1.68-1.42, P P P = .003). Conclusions Over the initial 2-year period of ILS operation, rates of reporting increased, staff participation increased, and NMRI of reported events declined. These data mirror previously reported findings of improvement in safety culture endpoints. These metrics may be useful for other institutions seeking to create or evaluate their own ILS.
Skeletal strain induced by planar orbital shaking

The measurement of bone cell response to mechanical stimuli has typically required surgical intervention or administration of anesthetic to deliver skeletal loading. A new noninvasive method of skeletal loading, planar orbital shaking, has been reported to cause an osteogenic response in the preosteoblasts of mice. The purpose of this research was to compare the surface strains induced by planar orbital shaking with ordinary behavioral activities in rats. This information was used to test the hypothesis that orbital shaking delivers greater surface strains than volitional activities. Orbital shaking results of four rats indicate that this new noninvasive method of loading the skeleton did not produce strain magnitudes or strain rates larger than volitional activities. For each animal, strain magnitudes measured during orbital shaking at speeds ranging from 0 to 220 RPM were lower than wheel running. The strain magnitudes during hindlimb suspension, a model of disuse, were evaluated for the rat femur. Stationary hindlimb suspension of two rats reduced the strain magnitudes measured on the rat femurs below strain magnitudes recorded for volitional activities. Ambulation of the animal during hindlimb suspension resulted in strain magnitudes comparable to wheel running, thus suggesting that soft tissues may exert skeletal forces during non-weightbearing activities.
Coil Occlusion of the Parent Artery for Treatment of Symptomatic Peripheral Intracranial Aneurysms

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Peripheral intracranial aneurysms can be difficult to treat with traditional surgical or embolization techniques that spare the parent vessel. We report the results of our use of coil occlusion of the parent vessel for the treatment of nine peripheral intracranial aneurysms. METHODS: During approximately a 4-year period, nine patients (six men and three women, 27 to 68 years old; average age, 42 years) presented to our institution with peripheral intracranial aneurysms. The aneurysms were located on branches of the right posterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 2), the right superior cerebellar artery (n = 1), the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery (n = 1), the right posterior cerebral artery (n = 3), the left middle cerebral artery (n = 1), and the left anterior cerebral artery (n = 1). Parent vessel occlusion was performed using microcoils after test injection with amobarbital (Amytal) in eight of the nine cases (one patient was comatose and could not be tested before occlusion). RESULTS: Angiography immediately after the procedure showed aneurysmal occlusion in every patient. Follow-up arteriography, performed in six patients 2 to 12 months after treatment, documented continued aneurysmal occlusion in every case. Three patients exhibited mild, nondisabling neurologic deficits after coil placement; the rest had no new deficits, although one patient was severely disabled from the initial hemorrhage and one patient died of an unrelated cause. CONCLUSION: Our results lend support to the use of parent vessel occlusion for peripheral aneurysms that are difficult to treat surgically or that are not amenable to intra-aneurysmal coil placement.
An atypical presentation of sinus mucopyocele in a pediatric cystic fibrosis patient

This case report details an association of chronic allergic conjunctivitis and respiratory tract colonization in a cystic fibrosis (CF) patient due to an ethmoidal mucocele infected with Escherichia coli. A 3-year-old CF patient presented for evaluation with complaints of chronic periocular erythema, conjunctival injection, and irritation for 2 years. He was treated for presumed allergic conjunctivitis with no improvement and continued to have overall worsening of symptoms on the right greater than the left eye in a waxing and waning pattern. On presentation to the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, he was noted to have telecanthus and prominent erythema in the region of the medial canthus. Orbital imaging disclosed a mucocele in the right ethmoid sinus. The patient underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery, with successful marsupialization of the ethmoidal mucocele, which was found on culture to be infected with E. coli. Post-operatively with continuous pulmonary care, the patient remains free of allergic conjunctivitis and E. coli colonization of the upper airway. This case highlights the importance of analyzing the adjacent sinus in patients with chronic, relapsing allergic conjunctivitis refractory to medical management, particularly in patients with underlying systemic diseases such as CF.
Medium and large injured dorsal root ganglion cells increase TRPV-1, accompanied by increased α2C-adrenoceptor co-expression and functional inhibition by clonidine

Some electrophysiologic studies demonstrate new, excitatory alpha2-adrenoceptors on peripheral nociceptors and their dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cell bodies after nerve injury, yet administration of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists at these sites reduces hypersensitivity rather than worsens it. Since TRPV-1 expressing nociceptor afferents are important in many pain states, we examined the expression of this channel and its co-expression with alpha2C-adrenoceptors in injured DRG cell bodies and the ability of alpha2-adrenoceptors to inhibit responses to stimulation. Rats underwent tight ligation of the left L5 and L6 spinal nerves, followed by behavioral testing, removal of L5 and L6 DRGs, and either immunostaining for TRPV-1 channels and alpha2C-adrenoceptors or intracellular calcium videomicroscopy in response to electrical field stimulation before and after perfusion with clonidine and capsaicin. Spinal nerve ligation produced tactile allodynia. In normal and sham controls, about one-third of DRG neurons were TRPV-1-immunoreactive (IR), one half were alpha2C-adrenoceptor-IR and one-fourth co-expressed both. After nerve ligation there was a reduction in the number of small, strongly TRPV-1-IR or alpha2C-adrenoceptor-IR neurons, but an increase in medium and large, lightly stained cells and in their co-expression. The proportion of clonidine inhibited cells which responded to capsaicin increased 5 fold after injury. We conclude that TRPV-1 and alpha2C-adrenoceptors are up-regulated in some injured medium and large size neurons after nerve ligation. Increased co-expression by immunocytochemistry, and increased proportion of cells inhibited by clonidine and expressing functional TRPV-1 channels suggest that these cells may play an important role in the analgesic effects of alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists in neuropathic pain.
Density matrix calculations of gaseous and adsorbate dynamics in electronically excited molecular systems

This contribution deals with two approaches for localized phenomena in excited many-atom systems. The first approach develops a quantum quasi-classical treatment for the density operator, including all atoms. It is based on a partial Wigner representation and is illustrated with applications to photodissociation of NaI, and to light emission of excited Li interacting with a He cluster. This second application describes the direct dynamics with a time-dependent electronic density matrix, expanded in a basis set of atomic functions. It shows that such an approach can deal with electronically excited many-atom systems involving tens of quantum states and hundreds of classical variables. The second approach makes use of the reduced density operator description for a system in a medium. This allows for dissipative dynamics, which can be instantaneous or delayed. An application is presented for femtosecond photodesorption using a Markovian dissipation and construction of the density operator from density amplitudes, for CO/Cu(001). A second application of a reduced density operator has been made to vibrational relaxation of adsorbates, solving integrodifferential equations to compare delayed, instantaneous, and Markovian dissipation. It is concluded that delayed dissipation is needed at short times and that a Markovian treatment is suitable for the interpretation of cross-sectional measurements that involve long-term dynamics. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Improving Independent Student Navigation of Complex Educational Web Sites: An Analysis of Two Navigation Design Changes in LibGuides

Can the navigation of complex research web sites be improved so that users more often find their way without intermediation or instruction? Librarians at Eastern Michigan University discovered that students were not recognizing navigational elements on web based research guides and tested possible solutions. In this study, two types of navigation improvements were applied to separate sets of online guides. Both sets of experimental guides showed an increase in use of navigation to secondary pages of the guides.
Ropinirole for the treatment of restless legs syndrome

Dopaminergic agents, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, opiates, and iron supplementation comprise the classes of medications commonly used to treat restless legs syndrome (RLS), which is a disorder that is estimated to affect about 1 in 10 individuals worldwide and impacts an affected patient’s sleep, mood, daytime function, and quality of life. RLS is characterized by an urge to move the legs that is worse at bedtime and at rest; the symptoms are temporarily relieved by leg movement. It is frequently accompanied by periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS), which may independently disrupt sleep and may cause daytime drowsiness. Dopaminergic agents are considered to be first-line therapy in the management of RLS as well as PLMS. Ropinirole (Requip®, GlaxoSmithKline) is a dopamine agonist that was the first medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary RLS. Based on several large-scale clinical trials and open-label clinical series, this medication has been demonstrated to be effective and safe in treating the motor symptoms of RLS and improving sleep quality.
Risk of Developing Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Metabolically Unhealthy Normal-Weight and Metabolically Healthy Obese Individuals

Context: The risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) associated with obesity appears to be influenced by the coexistence of other metabolic abnormalities. Objective: We examined the risk of developing CVD and DM in metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUH-NW) individuals. Design and Setting: We analyzed prospective data of the San Antonio Heart Study, a population-based study among Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites (median follow-up, 7.4 y). Participants: Incident DM and CVD were assessed in 2814 and 3700 participants aged 25 to 64 years, respectively. Main Measures: MHO was defined as obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2) with no more than one metabolic abnormality, and MUH-NW was defined as body mass index <25 kg/m2 with two or more abnormalities. Results: In logistic regression models, BMI was associated with incident DM after controlling for demographics, family history of DM, and fasting glucose (odds ratio × 1 SD, 1.7 [95%...
INFLUENCE OF EARLY ENVIRONMENT OF NEWBORN RATS ON DEVELOPMENT OF DENTAL CARIES.

Abstract Rats born of mothers who were treated with tetracycline the first 19 days of pregnancy, and kept with their mothers during the caries test period, developed significantly less caries activity than the offspring of control mothers. Partial litters were exchanged between control and tetracycline-treated mothers, when the offspring were less than 48 hr old, but caged separately during the caries test period. The levels of caries activity of the various groups of animals from the mixed litters ranged between those of the unmixed litters, reflecting the environmental effect of both the natural and the nursing mother. It was shown, therefore, that the environment of the rat during the first 48 hr of life may affect the later development of caries.
The postweld heat-treatment response of simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zones in a new ferritic steel

The tempering behavior of simulated coarse-grained (CG) heat-affected zones (HAZs) in two ferritic alloy steels, 2.25Cr-1Mo and HCM2S, was investigated. The hardness of HCM2S was found to be stable at longer times and higher temperatures than the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, even though the “as-welded” hardnesses were approximately equal. Both materials reached a peak secondary hardness after tempering for 5 hours at 575 °C. The increase in hardness of the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was due to precipitation of Fe-rich M3C carbides within the prior-austenite grains, whereas the secondary hardening in HCM2S was due to a fine dispersion of intragranular, W-rich carbides. The HCM2S steel retained its hardness at longer times and higher temperatures than 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, because of the precipitation of intragranular, W-rich carbides and V-rich MC carbides that stabilized the lath structure. This study shows that HCM2S should not be heat treated in the same way as 2.25Cr-1Mo steel and also provides a basis for defining the postweld heat treatment (PWHT) of HCM2S.