cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low Rate of Local Salvage Therapy Following Radiation Therapy for Non-Spine Bone Metastases - An Indication for Appropriate Patient Selection.

Purpose/Objective(s) Local therapy for patients with non-spine bone metastases is evolving, with recent data suggesting that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) may improve pain response in the palliative setting. However, the rate of local salvage therapy (LST) after SBRT compared to conventional RT is unknown. We therefore characterized rates and risk factors for LST in patients with non-spine bone metastases. Materials/Methods We reviewed records of all courses of RT for non-spine bone metastases at our institution from 1/1/2016 to 12/31/2018. LST was defined as the first occurrence of either RT or surgery for progression to a bone metastasis following initial RT. Functions of the cumulative incidence of re-treatment were generated for each RT technique. We identified associations with various predictors using the Fine and Gray method for competing risk regression. Results Of the 1,754 patients included, 2,648 bone metastases were treated with RT and analyzed with a median follow up of 15 months (IQR = 6.4 – 25.0 months). 51% of episodes were multi-fraction EBRT, 10% were single fraction EBRT, and 39% were SBRT. Of the treated metastases, 120 (4.5%) episodes required LST (median time to LST = 6.2 months, range = 0.3-35.6 months), with a cumulative incidence at 6 and 12 months of 2.4% and 3.9%, respectively. Cumulative incidence of re-treatment at 6 months was 2.6% for SBRT, 3.5% for single-fraction conventional, and 2.1% for multi-fraction conventional regimens (P = 0.76). On multivariable analysis, younger age, higher Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and location of the metastasis in the pelvis had higher hazard of re-treatment (Table 1). There was no significant difference in hazard of LST among RT techniques (P = 0.44), nor was there a significant interaction between RT technique and radioresistant histology (P = 0.33). Conclusion In our large institutional cohort, the rate of LST was low, with no difference between RT techniques. Our results suggest that judicious selection of patients at high risk for eventual treatment failure (i.e., those with longer expected survival) for SBRT may reduce the rate of retreatment rate in the population. When patients are appropriately selected for single fraction conventional RT, such as those who are older or have poor KPS, rates of LST remain low. Further studies to validate our findings are warranted to help clinicians to select the appropriate treatment technique for patients with bone metastases.
ESTIMATION AND MORE ON FACTORIAL DESIGNS

This chapter discusses factorial designs. The analyses of variance result from planned experiments. The matrix algebra is usually done by a computer. For balanced designs, the form of the answers is known and need not be recomputed each time. The chapter discusses the concept of randomization in experimentation. Randomization in an experiment occurs when some procedure or treatment or allocation of units in the experiment is done by using some random device. Randomization has many important qualities. It guards statistically against important unknown factors. The way it guards against the unknown factors allows one to statistically take account of the probability that a given effect might because of such factors. Randomization protects against human biases subtle and not so subtle in experimentation. Moreover, the probabilistic theory underlying randomization allows estimation of the effect of errors upon the evaluation of the experiment.
SEEPAGE THROUGH TRIANGULAR DAM WITHOUT TAILWATER

THE EXACT SOLUTION FOR SEEPAGE THROUGH A TRIANGULAR DAM WITH UPSTREAM VERTICAL FACE, HORIZONTAL IMPERMEABLE BASE, UPSTREAM WATER DEPTH EQUAL TO THE DAM HEIGHT, AND NO TAILWATER IS DETERMINED. THE SPECIFIC DISCHARGE IS FOUND TO BE WHOLLY HORIZONTAL AND OF CONSTANT MAGNITUDE. THE PRESSURE IN THE DAM VARIES HYDROSTATICALLY. /AUTHOR/
Price volatility in Niger millet markets

Price volatility of food staples is one of the most complex factors affecting food security. Recent food price crises have raised academic interest in improved volatility assessment. The widely held assumption in econometric volatility models that long-run volatility is constant, has been recently questioned and partly blamed for these crises. A multiplicative MGARCH model recently proposed by Bauwens et al. is used in this article to model price volatility transmission along the Niger millet marketing chain. Results suggest important volatility links between consumer and producer prices, as well as noteworthy differences between short and long-run price dynamics.
ESME Workbench Enhancements

Abstract : The goal of this project is to enhance the flexibility and computational efficiency of the ESME Workbench and to work with NUWC-Newport to merge the NAEMO and ESME approaches into the One Navy Model . The One Navy Model is intended to serve as the standard simulation system for use in predicting impacts of anthropogenic sound sources on marine life for environmental compliance purposes. Two versions of the One Navy Model will be created. The first version will designed for use by the US Navy and its subcontractors (classified version) and the second version will have equivalent functionality but will not use data or software codes that are classified or otherwise not available to the general public (unclassified version). After acceptance by NUWC, the features and algorithms in these software packages will remain unchanged during the current permitting cycle for US Navy training exercises while a third version of the simulation software (research version) will continue to evolve.
Short Selling, Death Spiral Convertibles, and the Profitability of Stock Manipulation

The SEC recently adopted Regulation SHO to tighten restrictions on short selling and curb abusive short sales, including naked shorting masquerading as routine fails to deliver. This paper models market equilibrium when short selling is permitted and contrasts the equilibrium with and without manipulators among the short sellers. I explain how naked short selling can routinely occur within the securities clearing system in the United States and characterize its potentially severe market impact. I show how a recent securities innovation called floating-price convertible securities can resolve the unraveling problem and enable manipulative short selling to intensify.
A murine experimental model for the mechanical behaviour of viable right‐ventricular myocardium

Although right-ventricular function is an important determinant of cardio-pulmonary performance in health and disease, right ventricular myocardium mechanical behaviour has received relatively little attention. We present a novel experimental method for quantifying the mechanical behaviour of transmurally intact, viable right-ventricular myocardium. Seven murine right ventricular free wall (RVFW) specimens were isolated and biaxial mechanical behaviour measured, along with quantification of the local transmural myofibre and collagen fibre architecture. We developed a complementary strain energy function based method to capture the average biomechanical response. Overall, murine RVFW revealed distinct mechanical anisotropy. The preferential alignment of the myofibres and collagen fibres to the apex-to-outflow-tract direction was consistent with this also being the mechanically stiffer axis. We also observed that the myofibre and collagen fibre orientations were remarkably uniform throughout the entire RVFW thickness. Thus, our findings indicate a close correspondence between the tissue microstructure and biomechanical behaviour of the RVFW myocardium, and are a first step towards elucidating the structure–function of non-contracted murine RVFW myocardium in health and disease.
An HLA-DRB1–Coded Signal Transduction Ligand Facilitates Inflammatory Arthritis: A New Mechanism of Autoimmunity

Particular alleles of HLA contribute to disease susceptibility and severity in many autoimmune conditions, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are often unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the shared epitope (SE), an HLA-DRB1 –coded sequence motif that is the single most significant genetic risk factor for erosive rheumatoid arthritis, acts as a signal transduction ligand that potently activates osteoclastogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. The SE enhanced the production of several pro-osteoclastogenic factors and facilitated osteoclast (OC) differentiation in mouse and human cells in vitro. Transgenic mice expressing a human HLA-DRB1 allele that code the SE motif demonstrated markedly higher propensity for osteoclastogenesis and enhanced bone degradation capacity ex vivo. In addition, the SE enhanced the differentiation of Th17 cells expressing the receptor activator for NF-κB ligand. When the two agents were combined, IL-17 and the SE enhanced OC differentiation synergistically. When administered in vivo to mice with collagen-induced arthritis, the SE ligand significantly increased arthritis severity, synovial tissue OC abundance, and bone erosion. Thus, the SE contributes to arthritis severity by activating an OC-mediated bone-destructive pathway. These findings suggest that besides determining the target specificity of autoimmune responses, HLA molecules may influence disease outcomes by shaping the pathogenic consequences of such responses.
Cultural dynamics, climate, and landscape in the South-Central Andes during the mid-late holocene: A consideration of two socio-natural perspectives

Resumen en: Through a case study focusing on the Rio Ilave, Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru, this paper examines the Mid-Late Holocene climatic transition and the Archaic-...
Light at night cannot suppress pineal melatonin levels in the lizard Anolis carolinensis.

Abstract 1. 1. Up to 2 hr exposure ofanoles to high intensity natural or artificial illumination at mid-dark does not suppress pineal melatonin levels. 2. 2. The results support the hypothesis that the lizard pineal is completely insensitive to acute exposure to light at night which is in direct contrast to the effects of light in higher vertebrates.
Pyrolysis conditions and ozone oxidation effects on ammonia adsorption in biomass generated chars

Ammonia adsorbents were generated via pyrolysis of biomass (peanut hulls and palm oil shells) over a range of temperatures and compared to a commercially available activated carbon (AC) and solid biomass residuals (wood and poultry litter fly ash). Dynamic ammonia adsorption studies (i.e., breakthrough curves) were performed using these adsorbents at 23 degrees C from 6 to 17 ppmv NH(3). Of the biomass chars, palm oil char generated at 500 degrees C had the highest NH(3) adsorption capacity (0.70 mg/g, 6 ppmv, 10% relative humidity (RH)), was similar to the AC, and contrasted to the other adsorbents (including the AC), the NH(3) adsorption capacity significantly increased if the relative humidity was increased (4 mg/g, 7 ppmv, 73% RH). Room temperature ozone treatment of the chars and activated carbon significantly increased the NH(3) adsorption capacity (10% RH); resultant adsorption capacity, q (mg/g) increased by approximately 2, 6, and 10 times for palm oil char, peanut hull char (pyrolysis only), and activated carbon, respectively. However, water vapor (73% RH at 23 degrees C) significantly reduced NH(3) adsorption capacity in the steam and ozone treated biomass, yet had no effect on the palm shell char generated at 500 degrees C. These results indicate the feasibility of using a low temperature (and thus low energy input) pyrolysis and activation process for the generation of NH(3) adsorbents from biomass residuals.
The interpersonal and intrapersonal diversity of human-associated microbiota in key body sites

The human body harbors 10 to 100 trillion microbes, mainly bacteria in our gut, which greatly outnumber our own human cells. This bacterial assemblage, referred to as the human microbiota, plays a fundamental role in our well-being. Deviations from healthy microbial compositions (dysbiosis) have been linked with important human diseases, including inflammation-linked disorders, such as allergies, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease. Characterizing the temporal variations and community membership of the healthy human microbiome is critical to accurately identify the significant deviations from normality that could be associated with disease states. However, the diversity of the human microbiome varies between body sites, between patients, and over time. Environmental differences have also been shown to play a role in shaping the human microbiome in different cultures, requiring that the healthy human microbiome be characterized across life spans, ethnicities, nationalities, cultures, and geographic locales. In this article we summarize our knowledge on the microbial composition of the 5 best-characterized body sites (gut, skin, oral, airways, and vagina), focusing on interpersonal and intrapersonal variations and our current understanding of the sources of this variation.
Electroactive composite dendrimer films containing thiophene-terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers cross-linked by poly(3-methylthiophene)

The preparation and characterization of electroactive, dendrimer-containing films is discussed. Polymer films were prepared by electropolymerization of a thiophene-functionalized poly(amidoamine) dendrimer (G4Th) and by electrocopolymerization of G4Th and poly(3-methylthiophene) (P3MeTh). The composite P3MeTh/G4Th film was found to consist of up to 80% of the dendrimer. Control experiments indicated that dendrimers not functionalized on their periphery with thiophene groups are not incorporated into the P3MeTh matrix. The conductivity of the composite films was the same as that of the P3MeTh-only films, although UV−vis spectroscopy indicated reduced conjugation in the composite. The dendrimer-containing films were found to sorb Pt2+ ions.
Observations of surface current and current shear using X-band radar

The collection and processing of X-Band radar backscatter in the frequency-wavenumber domain holds promise for extracting information about ocean surface currents and vertical shear. The ability to sense this information remotely has potentially significant impacts on scientific, navigational, and military operations, especially in areas of energetic currents. We present results from an experiment conducted in a shallow, tidally forced river inlet. First, X-Band observations of wave dynamics in the highly energetic region of the Columbia River Inlet (OR, USA) are presented. Second, a bulk current retrieval technique is discussed. Finally, the presence of vertical current shear is shown to affect X-Band observations in the wavenumber dependence of current-induced Doppler shifts.
Thermal Effects on the Fluorescence Lifetime and Spectrum of MgO: V 2+

The vibronic spectrum associated with the $^{2}E\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{4}A_{2}$ transition at 8700 \AA{} of MgO: ${\mathrm{V}}^{2+}$ has been investigated as a function of temperature. The position and the width of the purely radiative ($R$) line associated with this transition were measured from 4 to 460\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and the total intensity of the fluorescence spectrum from 77 to 650\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At low temperatures vibrational satellites are observed only on the low-energy side of the pure electronic transition, corresponding to spontaneous phonon emission; at higher temperatures they also appear on the high-energy side, corresponding to phonon absorption. With increasing temperature the vibronic bands become more intense relative to the pure electronic transition, the peaks broaden, and multiphonon processes enter and form a fluorescence continuum extending from \ensuremath{\approx}7000 to 10 500 \AA{}. The fluorescence lifetime of the $^{2}E$ level, which is 50 msec and nearly temperature-independent at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, decreases rapidly above 200\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to \ensuremath{\approx}0.03 msec at 800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The enhancement of the transition probability of the vibronic bands, determined from the relative increase in the integrated area after correction for the temperature dependence of the absorption strength, can account for the major temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime, without requiring the presence of any purely nonradiative transitions.
Preparation of the radioiodinated histamine amide of 4-0-(carboxypropyl)-diethylstilbestrol

The mixed anhydride synthesis provides a route to an iodinated form of the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Labelling of histamine by the oxidative Chloramine-T method prior to coupling to 4-0-(carboxypropyl)-diethylstilbestrol (1 ) minimizes radiation damage to the sensitive DES derivative. The radioiodinated derivative has demonstrated binding to an anti-DES serum, thus making possible a potentially useful iodine-based radioimmunoassay for DES.
Patterning of the embryonic forebrain

The vertebrate forebrain is derived from the anterior neural plate, where anteroposterior, dorsoventral and local patterning mechanisms specify regional identify. The recent identification of genetic regulators of these processes has opened the way to elucidating how the major forebrain regions (i.e. cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, thalamus, and hypothalamus) are formed, and how molecular lesions in these processes cause human birth defects.
A Nonlinearity in the Inhibitory Interactions in the Lateral Eye of Limulus

Receptor units in the eye of the horseshoe crab are more sensitive to lateral inhibition at some levels of excitation than they are at others. As a result, the steady-state inhibition of the response of a given unit is not directly proportional to the response levels of neighboring units. This effect may be represented by the introduction of a nonlinearity in the Hartline-Ratliff system of equations. The nonlinear inhibitory effect appears to increase the operating range of the receptor units.
Progress in Practice: The Scholarship of Teaching

E. L. Boyer’s “Scholarship Reconsidered,” published in 1990 [1], is one of the most contemplative answers to the now-familiar reexamination of the balance between teaching, research, and service within the professoriate. Unlike some imaginative redefinitions of this metaphorical “triple point” problem [2, 3], which advocate more equivalent weightings to the traditional dimensions of professional activity, Boyer recasts scholarly activity as a comprehensive and integrated view of what faculty do with their time. He posits and elaborates four obligations for faculty:
Sensory Aroma Characteristics of Milk Spoilage by Pseudomonas Species

ABSTRACT: Sensory characteristics of the spoilage aromas of milk containing Pseudomonas species were determined. Two strains each of P. fluorescens, P.fragi, and P. putida were evaluated. Milk (skim and whole) was double-steamed and inoculated with 103 CFU/mL (ca) of Pseudomonas. Milk samples were stored at 5 °C for 1 mo. Plate counts were conducted every 3rd day to determine growth rates. Descriptive aroma analysis was conducted weekly (n = 4) using 10 trained panelists. All 6 strains grew at refrigeration temperatures and there was no difference in growth among strains. Type and onset of spoilage depended on strain of Pseudomonas and milkfat content. This information may aid in shelf-life prediction of milk.
Spontaneous emission in the near-resonant kapitza-dirac effect

We study the influence of spontaneous emission on atom diffraction by a standing wave laser field. We characterize, analytically, the major regimes of the near-resonant Kapitza-Dirac effect and study, numerically, the influence of spontaneous emission. In particular, we discuss in some detail two important classes of two-beam resonances which are major candidates to develop effective atom beam splitters, the so-called Bragg and Doppleron resonances.
Re: "Impact of direct-to-consumer advertising for hereditary breast cancer testing on genetic services at a managed care organization: a naturally occurring experiment".

Re: “Impact of direct-to-consumer advertising for hereditary breast cancer testing on genetic services at a managed care organization: A naturally occurring experiment”
Using confidence scores to improve hands-free speech based navigation in continuous dictation systems

Speech recognition systems have improved dramatically, but recent studies confirm that error correction activities still account for 66--75p of the users' time, and 50p of that time is spent just getting to the errors that need to be corrected. While researchers have suggested that confidence scores could prove useful during the error correction process, the focus is typically on error detection. More importantly, empirical studies have failed to confirm any measurable benefits when confidence scores are used in this way within dictation-oriented applications. In this article, we provide data that explains why confidence scores are unlikely to be useful for error detection. We propose a new navigation technique for use when speech-only interactions are strongly preferred and common, desktop-sized displays are available. The results of an empirical study that highlights the potential of this new technique are reported. An informal comparison between the current study and previous research suggests the new technique reduces time spent on navigation by 18p. Future research should include additional studies that compare the proposed technique to previous non-speech and speech-based navigation solutions.
Lincoln laboratory utility program system

This paper discusses a utility program system to assist the coding, check-out, maintenance, and documentation of large- scale control programs. A typical program contains 50,000 instructions, 1,000,- 000 bits of data storage, and is prepared by a staff of 20 to 40 programmers, many relatively inexperienced. The utility system requires 25,000 registers.
Sickly Scholars and Healthy Novels: The Classical Scholar in Victorian Fiction

This paper argues that major nineteenth-century British novelists promote the novel as the dominant national literary form, in direct competition with classical forms, such as the epic. Because of this agenda, some novelists castrate, cripple, or dehumanize the figure of the scholar of antiquity, as a way of symbolically rejecting ancient genres. The primary focus is on two novels of faith and doubt by women novelists: George Eliot’s Middlemarch (1872-3), and Mary Augusta Ward’s Robert Elsmere (1888), novels which make great capital out of presenting and taming sickly, deathly, impotent, and sinister classicists.
Insulin-induced enhancement of anaphylactoid reaction to a non-carbohydrate antigen.

Nous avons constate que chez les souris l'insuline possede une sensibilite elevee au peptone anaphylactoide non-carbohydrate. Ce resultat concorde avec l'hypothese d'une relation inverse entre la quantite de glucose dans le sang et la sensibilite d'un hote a une grande variete de «stressors».
Distributed detection and fusion in a large wireless sensor network of random size

For a wireless sensor network (WSN) with a random number of sensors, we propose a decision fusion rule that uses the total number of detections reported by local sensors as a statistic for hypothesis testing. We assume that the signal power attenuates as a function of the distance from the target, the number of sensors follows a Poisson distribution, and the locations of sensors follow a uniform distribution within the region of interest (ROI). Both analytical and simulation results for system-level detection performance are provided. This fusion rule can achieve a very good system-level detection performance even at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as long as the average number of sensors is sufficiently large. For all the different system parameters we have explored, the proposed fusion rule is equivalent to the optimal fusion rule, which requires much more prior information. The problem of designing an optimum local sensor-level threshold is investigated. For various system parameters, the optimal thresholds are found numerically by maximizing the deflection coefficient. Guidelines on selecting the optimal local sensor-level threshold are also provided.
The cryosphere – past, present, and future: a review of the frozen water resources of the world

Abstract The paper addresses the frozen water resources of the world based on a literature review. The components of the global cryosphere are first summarized. Then the accessible frozen water resources of the world are examined–seasonal snow cover and its regional variations–freshwater ice, and mountain glaciers. Mountains play a dominant role in discharge by virtue of their seasonal snow cover. Current trends in seasonal snow cover and mountain glacier ice volume are discussed. Earlier snowmelt has led to advances in the timing of peak runoff. Due to warming trends, the proportion of precipitation falling as snow is decreasing at lower elevations. Model predictions for this century indicate that the greatest changes will occur in snow-dominated basins in mid- to high-latitudes. Future water resources from glaciers, associated with glacier retreat, are projected to lead to increased river runoff in the near term and then significant reductions with a shift in the timing of peak flow. The long-term chang...
Effects of Different Instructions on Consistency of Personality Inventory Responses

Summary A novel feature of the Edwards Personality Inventory (EPI) is that the S responds to the items as he believes those who know him best would answer if asked to describe him. This study tested Edwards' hypothesis that reliability would be higher for these instructions vs. the more conventional ones to describe yourself directly as you see yourself. 180 Ss were tested with approximately one-third in each of three conditions: Booklet IA (test-retest), Booklet IB (test-retest), and Booklets IA and IB (alternate forms reliability). Within each condition, approximately half responded under Edwards' novel instructions, and half responded under conventional instructions. Directly contrary to Edwards' prediction, it was found that the proportion of conventional instruction correlations which were higher than the corresponding Edwards' instruction correlations was significantly greater than chance (p <.01).
Fathers' and Mothers' Home Literacy Involvement and Children's Cognitive and Social Emotional Development: Implications for Family Literacy Programs.

The relations between fathers' and mothers' home literacy involvement at 24 months and children's cognitive and social emotional development in preschool were examined using a large sample of African American and Caucasian families (N = 5190) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both fathers' and mothers' home literacy involvement positively contributed to children's cognitive and social emotional development. Specifically, fathers and mothers who participated in more frequent home literacy involvement (e.g., shared book reading) had children with better reading, math, and social emotional outcomes (i.e., sustained attention and fewer negative behaviors) in preschool. Findings suggest that increasing family literacy involvement can have positive benefits for children's cognitive and social emotional skills during the developmentally important early childhood years.
Magnesium casting technology for structural applications

Abstract This paper summarizes the melting and casting processes for magnesium alloys. It also reviews the historical development of magnesium castings and their structural uses in the western world since 1921 when Dow began producing magnesium pistons. Magnesium casting technology was well developed during and after World War II, both in gravity sand and permanent mold casting as well as high-pressure die casting, for aerospace, defense and automotive applications. In the last 20 years, most of the development has been focused on thin-wall die casting applications in the automotive industry, taking advantages of the excellent castability of modern magnesium alloys. Recently, the continued expansion of magnesium casting applications into automotive, defense, aerospace, electronics and power tools has led to the diversification of casting processes into vacuum die casting, low-pressure die casting, squeeze casting, lost foam casting, ablation casting as well as semi-solid casting. This paper will also review the historical, current and potential structural use of magnesium with a focus on automotive applications. The technical challenges of magnesium structural applications are also discussed. Increasing worldwide energy demand, environment protection and government regulations will stimulate more applications of lightweight magnesium castings in the next few decades. The development of use of Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (ICME) tools will accelerate the applications of magnesium castings in structural applications.
Cardiovascular consequences of subclinical thyroid dysfunction: more smoke but no fire.

In this issue, Ochs and colleagues report a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies in which researchers examined whether disorders of thyroid function increase coronary heart disease even...
Reactions of iron carbonyls with ylides

Abstract Phosphoranes having the structure p -XC 6 H 4 CHP(C 6 H 5 ) 3 [where X = H, CH 3 , OCH 3 ] react with iron carbonyls in dry tetrahydrofuran to give low-reasonable yields of stilbenes as well as unstable purple-red organometallic complexes, triphenylphosphineiron tetracarbonyl, and triphenylphosphine oxide. Most phosphoranes of type RCHP(C 6 H 5 ) 3 [R = alkyl] also formed unstable organometallics and (C 6 H 5 ) 3 PFe(CO) 4 , but only in two instances were the substituted ethylenes isolated in low yields. Substantial variation in the cis-trans alkene distribution and in the overall yield of alkene was observed in the reaction of Fe(CO) 5 with p -CH 3 C 6 H 4 CHP(R′) 3 , where R′ = p -FC 6 H 4 , C 6 H 5 , n-C 4 H 9 , and (CH 3 ) 2 N. The reaction of Fe(CO) 5 with C 6 H 5 COCH − M + , where M + = P + (C 6 H 5 ) 3 , P + ( p -FC 6 H 4 ) 3 , N + C 5 H 5 , and S + (CH 3 ) 2 , and several other stable ylides was also investigated.
Structural and relaxation studies during crystallization of New TPI polyimide

Abstract The morphological development during crystallization and its subsequent effect on the relaxation behaviour for a series of cold-crystallized samples of a commercial polyimide, Mitsui Toatsu's New TPI, has been studied here. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) results showed that both the average lamellar and amorphous layer thicknesses increased with increasing crystallization temperature; the degree of crystallinity was also shown to increase with increasing crystallization temperature by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). The glass transition temperature, however, was shown to decrease with increasing crystallization temperature. Increasing crystallization time at a given crystallization temperature produced an increase in Tg, with the increase following a log time dependence. An interesting feature observed from the dynamic mechanical studies was that for low crystallization times, the dependence of Tg on crystallization time was different from that for higher crystallization times, the changeover time corresponding to spherulitic impingement. The degree of crystallinity was shown to increase with increasing crystallization time; at low crystallization times, a prominent increase was observed due to a primary crystallization process, following which a further gradual increase in crystallinity was observed, corresponding to a secondary crystallization process. This was accompanied by a decrease in the average lamellar thickness; the average amorphous layer thickness, however, remained unchanged. This has been explained on the basis of a secondary crystallization process leading to the formation of thinner lamellae in the amorphous regions between different lamellar stacks, which gives rise to the lower melting endotherm (Tc+10) observed in d.s.c. scans.
Hepatic lobe torsion in 3 dogs and a cat.

Objective— To describe the clinical features of hepatic lobe torsions in 3 dogs and 1 cat. Study Design— Retrospective clinical study. Animals— Three client-owned dogs and 1 client-owned cat. Methods— Medical records were reviewed, and information regarding signalment, clinical signs, physical-exam findings, diagnostic tests performed, treatment, outcome, and follow-up was retrieved. Results— Clinical signs existed for 4 hours to 1 week before examination. Signs were nonspecific in 2 animals that did not have an obvious cause for the hepatic torsion. These signs consisted of lethargy (2), polyuria/polydypsia (2), and anorexia (1). In the other 2 animals, signs were suggestive of the underlying cause of the hepatic lobe torsion. In 1 dog, the torsion was associated with a traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. The cat had a concurrent hemoabdomen secondary to a ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma. Bloodwork abnormalities were nonspecific. Twisted liver lobes included the left lateral lobe (2), the caudate lobe (1), and the right medial lobe (1). Surgical resection (2) or repositioning (1) of the affected liver lobe was attempted in the 3 dogs, and was successful in 2. Conclusions— Hepatic lobe torsion is a rare problem but has been reported in humans, rabbits, dogs, pigs, a cat, and a horse. The left lateral liver lobe is most frequently affected. This condition may be idiopathic or associated with neoplasia or absence of ligamentous support (congenital or traumatic) to the liver. Clinical Relevance— Prompt surgical resection or repositioning of the involved liver lobe can lead to a successful outcome, avoiding the deleterious effects of venous obstruction such as thrombosis and subsequent necrosis.
Heat capacity disk laser

In this paper we describe the concept, and the basic scaling relation ships of solid state heat capacity lasers. Intermediate between single shot and average power systems, the heat capacity concept scales solid state lasers to MW levels of burst power.
Are numbers properties of objects

Part of Frege's concern about whether number words are properties of objects was that if they could be construed as such it would lend support to the view that truths of arithmetic were empirical truths. Such concern is ill-founded. Even if number words do apply to objects as predicates, this does not entail that numerical truths would be empirical, any more than the fact that ‘bachelor’ and ‘unmarried’ are predicates of objects entails that their relationship is an empirical one. The account of number words as predicates given here, consequently, should not be taken as supportive of any one particular theory concerning arithmetic truth rather than another. The view of number words that emerges above from the criticism of Frege's arguments is that sentences containing number words can and do say something about objects in a collective and syncategorematic way. That is, they say something about classes of objects, when it is clear what is to count as an object. Whether this view commits us to accepting certain ontological entities, classes of individuals, above and beyond individuals themselves, I am not prepared to say, and at any rate this question falls beyond the intended scope of this essay. To those who would eschew abstract entities, however, it may be noted that the ontological problems that arise are not peculiar to this view; they seem no more or less severe than those that arise in connection with other collective predicate statements, as, for example, “Blue whales are becoming extinct.” The view presented here also does not pretend to be a fatal criticism of the logicist program. Taking our cue from the above noted fact that syncategorematic predicates share in a common ‘partial’ abstract sense, it seems reasonable to say that it is just the set of such partial senses of number words, and the relationships that hold between such senses, that the logicist and the pure number theorist investigate.
Check One, Check Two, Check Three. Implementation of a Shoulder Dystocia Checklist in the Labor and Delivery Unit

Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program Shoulder dystocia is an obstetric emergency that requires teamwork, effective communication, and collaborative documentation. The labor and delivery (L&D) unit is an area of high liability. The shoulder dystocia checklist was designed to assist staff with management and documentation and, thus, improve patient safety. Proposed Change To implement a shoulder dystocia checklist to improve standardized management and collaborative documentation and, thereby, improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation The nurse manager, clinical educator, and a physician champion developed a checklist. It was introduced to the L&D nurses during designated days of education so that they would have the opportunity to test the process. Staff provided feedback and the checklist was revised according to their suggestions. The checklist was placed in every L&D room in a specific location next to the infant warmer. During a shoulder dystocia, staff called for help and the checklist was immediately implemented to provide a standardized approach to management and collaborative documentation. The checklist was used as a worksheet and was not a permanent part of the medical record. Postdelivery, the team (i.e., L&D registered nurse [RN], obstetrician, certified nurse–midwife, and neonatal intensive care unit RN) used the checklist to collaboratively document staff arrival times, maneuvers, and patient response to maneuvers. The checklist was trialed with positive feedback. The nurses had a vested interest because they assisted with the revisions. The checklist has been adopted system wide. The medical record shows improved adherence to standardized management and documentation consistency during shoulder dystocia emergencies. In addition, nurses have reported increased confidence with their roles and responsibilities during this critical event. Implications for Nursing Practice Risk factors for shoulder dystocia may be present, but shoulder dystocia cannot be predicted or prevented. Therefore, it is imperative that shoulder dystocia training and simulation drills be a focus of ongoing education in the L&D unit. The shoulder dystocia checklist is a valuable tool used to guide management and collaborative documentation during this emergency situation.
Temperature effects on in vitro lipid accumulation in asexual embryos ofTheobroma cacao L.

Asexual embryos of cacao were grown for 40–50 days in a modified Murashige and Skoog liquid medium with sucrose concentration increased stepwise from 3 to 27% at temperatures of 10, 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32 or 35 C. Temperature influenced overall embryo growth as well as lipid accumulation and composition. Maximum growth occurred at 29 C, whereas maximum lipid and fatty acid accumulation occurred at 26 C. The proportion of individual fatty acids as total fatty acids accumulated per asexual embryo was constant at each temperature but varied with temperature from 10 to 35 C. The fatty acid composition of asexual embryos grown at 26 C was the most similar to that of cocoa butter, the lipid from mature zygotic embryos produced in vivo.
Existence theorems for nonlinear evolution equations

Soit X un espace de Banach. On considere le probleme aux valeurs initiales: u'(t)+Au(t)∈(Bu)(t), 0≤t≤T, u(0)=u 0 , ou u:[0,T]→X, A est m-accretif dans X et B: C([0,T];x)→L 1 (0,T;X), est un operateur non lineaire, et le probleme aux valeurs initiales B(u(t))∈u'(t)+Au(t), 0≤t≤T, u(o)=u 0 , ou B:X→X est une application non lineaire. On donne des theoremes d'existence pour les solutions
The lack of correlation between hypersensitivity to egg white and symptoms of injury

Abstract Attempts to induce anaphylaxis in rats by the intraperitoneal injection of egg white were unsuccessful. Attempts to bring about anaphylactic shock by the intracardiac injection of egg white in rats in various stages of injury due to dietary egg white were unsuccessful. Attempts to induce passive hypersensitivity in guinea pigs by the intraperitoneal injection of blood from severely affected rats were unsuccessful. The intraperitoneal injection of egg white over a protracted period in rats on a complete stock ration or in those fed on a ration containing subinjurious amounts of egg white did not bring about the appearance of characteristic symptoms of injury. Precipitins for egg white were demonstrable in the serums of some of the rabbits showing specific symptoms of injury, but not in all of them. The serums of monkeys showing specific symptoms of injury were devoid of precipitins for egg white. Guinea pigs could regularly be rendered anaphylactic to egg white by the alimentary route; but specific symptoms of injury in these animals have not been conclusively demonstrated. The inclusion in the diet of guinea pigs of substances known to protect other animals from injury did not prevent the sensitization of the guinea pigs. Intradermal tests for sensitivity to egg white in rats showing marked symptoms and in guinea pigs which had been fed for some time on diets containing egg white produced no reactions. It is concluded that the experimental evidence does not support the hypothesis of the allergic cause of the lesions in question.
Technology Diffusion and the “Knowledge Barrier”: The Dilemma of Stakeholder Participation

This study relates the findings of a survey of 28 state-level chief information officers regarding the role of stakeholder involvement in electronic government initiatives. Research efforts in the ...
An Anomaly in Potassium Accumulation by Barley Roots: II. Effect of Calcium Concentration and Rubidium-86 Labeling

When excised barley roots were incubated in 0.01 to 0.1 mm KCl solutions containing 0.2 mm CaSO(4), there was a peak in the K(+) accumulation against concentration curve at 0.02 to 0.04 mm KCl. The peak in the K(+) accumulation curve was shifted to lower K(+) concentrations when Ca(2+) concentration was decreased and to higher K(+) concentrations when Ca(2+) concentration was increased. Increasing Ca(2+) concentration in the treatment solution was observed to be stimulatory, inhibitory, or neutral depending on the K(+) concentration.When (86)Rb was used as an isotopic tracer for K(+), accumulation of K(+) was grossly overestimated, and the apparent K(+) accumulation curve, as estimated with (86)Rb-labeled K(+), was hyperbolic over the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. It was concluded that (86)Rb is a poor tracer for K(+) over the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1 mm. Accumulation of Rb(+) in the presence of K(+) was accurately measured by (86)Rb.
T-DNA structure and gene expression in petunia plants transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 derivatives

We have previously described substantial variation in the level of expression of two linked genes which were introduced into transgenic petunia plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. These genes were (i) nopaline synthase (nos) and (ii) a chimeric chlorophyll a/b binding protein/octopine synthase (cab/ocs) gene. In this report we analyze the relationship between the level of expression of the introduced genes and T-DNA structure and copy number in 40 transgenic petunia plants derived from 26 transformed calli. Multiple shoots were regenerated from 8 of these calli and in only 6 cases were multiple regenerated shoots from each callus genotypically identical to each other. Many genotypes showed no nos gene expression (22/28). Most of the plants (16/22) which lacked nos gene expression did contain nos-encoding DNA with the expected restriction enzyme map. Similarly, amongst the genotypes showing no cab/ocs gene expression, the majority (11/28) did not show any alterations in restriction fragments corresponding to the expected cab/ocs coding sequences (10/11). Approximately half of the plants carried multiple copies of T-DNA in inverted repeats about the left or right T-DNA boundaries. No positive correlation was observed between the copy number of the introduced DNA and the level of expression of the introduced genes. However, plants with high copy number complex insertions composed of multiple inverted repeats in linear arrays usually showed low levels of expression of the introduced genes.
EFFECT OF SUBSTRATE SIZE ON THE ACTIVITY OF TOMATO POLYGALACTURONASE

SUMMARY— Three polygalacturonic acid preparations with widely differing molecular weight distributions were obtained by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of pectic acid. A study of the action of tomato polygalacturonase on the polygalacturonic acids and pectic acid revealed that the activity h dependent on the molecular size of the substrate. Pectic acid was hydrolyzed optimally at pH 5, with little activity below pH 4. Decreasing the molecular weight of the substrate resulted in a progressive shift of the pH optimum to the acid side. For the smallest substrate, the activity extended to below pH 2. Monovalent cations enhanced the activity at low pH, and this effect was also dependent on the molecular weight of the substrate. Below pH 4, pectic acid inhibited 70% of the hydrolysis of low molecular weight substrates by tomato polygalacturonase. The incomplete inhibition is attributed to the presence of a polygalacturonase isoenzyme which is not inhibited by high molecular weight polygalacturonic acids.
Anthropogenic influence on sedimentation and intertidal mudflat change in San Pablo Bay, California: 1856–1983

Analysis of a series of historical bathymetric surveys has revealed large changes in morphology and sedimentation from 1856 to 1983 in San Pablo Bay, California. In 1856, the morphology of the bay was complex, with a broad main channel, a major side channel connecting to the Petaluma River, and an ebb-tidal delta crossing shallow parts of the bay. In 1983, its morphology was simpler because all channels except the main channel had filled with sediment and erosion had planed the shallows creating a uniform gently sloping surface. The timing and patterns of geomorphic change and deposition and erosion of sediment were influenced by human activities that altered sediment delivery from rivers. From 1856 to 1887, high sediment delivery (14.1 � 10 6 m 3 /yr) to San Francisco Bay during the hydraulic gold-mining period in the Sierra Nevada resulted in net deposition of 259 � 14 � 10 6 m 3 in San Pablo Bay. This rapid deposition filled channels and increased intertidal mudflat area by 60% (37.4 � 3.4 to 60.6 � 6.2 km 2 ). From 1951 to 1983, 23 � 3 � 10 6 m 3 of sediment was eroded from San Pablo Bay as sediment delivery from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers decreased to 2.8 � 10 6 m 3 /yr because of damming of rivers, riverbank protection, and altered land use. Intertidal mudflat area in 1983 was 31.8 � 3.9 km 2 , similar to that in 1856. Intertidal mudflat distribution in 1983, however, was fairly uniform whereas most of the intertidal mudflats were in the western part of San Pablo Bay in 1856. Sediment delivery, through its affect on shallow parts of the bay, was determined to be a primary control on intertidal mudflat area. San Pablo Bay has been greatly affected by human activities and will likely continue to erode in the near term in response to a diminished sediment delivery from rivers. 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.