cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Paradoxical worsening of psoriasis when switching from etanercept to adalimumab: a case series.

Abstract Background: Etanercept and adalimumab are the most widely used biologic agents for psoriasis today. Large phase III trials have elucidated the much higher efficacy of adalimumab over etanercept; however, no head-to-head comparison data exist for these two medications. Objective: We report four cases of patients well controlled with Enbrel who flared when switched to adalimumab. In all four cases, the patient's psoriasis improved when switched back to etanercept. Conclusion: This brief report is intended to alert clinicians of the possibility that, despite the well-known average efficacy advantage of adalimumab over etanercept, some psoriasis patients experience better clinical outcome with etanercept than adalimumab. Therefore, despite the general efficacy difference between these two TNF inhibitors, it may be worth keeping in mind etanercept as an option in patients who have failed with adalimumab.
Construction of a dam embankment with nonstationary queues

The paper presents the simulation model for a project involving the haulage and placement of rip-rap for the construction of a dam to illustrate how traffic-related queues are created at locations determined dynamically at simulation runtime. This example also investigates the formation of moving queues of equipment that cannot pass each other and travel together like a procession or a convoy. The solution to this problem is outlined conceptually using the activity-scanning modeling paradigm and is described in detail using a simulation model developed in STROBOSCOPE.
MCAK activity at microtubule tips regulates spindle microtubule length to promote robust kinetochore attachment

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) is a microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin-13 member that can track with polymerizing microtubule tips (hereafter referred to as tip tracking) during both interphase and mitosis. MCAK tracks with microtubule tips by binding to end-binding proteins (EBs) through the microtubule tip localization signal SKIP, which lies N terminal to MCAK’s neck and motor domain. The functional significance of MCAK’s tip-tracking behavior during mitosis has never been explained. In this paper, we identify and define a mitotic function specific to the microtubule tip–associated population of MCAK: negative regulation of microtubule length within the assembling bipolar spindle. This function depends on MCAK’s ability to bind EBs and track with polymerizing nonkinetochore microtubule tips. Although this activity antagonizes centrosome separation during bipolarization, it ultimately benefits the dividing cell by promoting robust kinetochore attachments to the spindle microtubules.
Persistent applications via automatic recovery

Building highly available enterprise applications using Web-oriented middleware is hard. Runtime implementations frequently do not address the problems of application state persistence and fault-tolerance, placing the burden of managing session state and, in particular, handling system failures on application programmers. This paper describes Phoenix/APP, a runtime service based on the notion of recovery guarantees. Phoenix/APP transparently masks failures and automatically recovers component-based applications. This both increases application availability and simplifies application development. We demonstrate the feasibility of this approach by describing the design and implementation of Phoenix/APP in Microsoft's .NET runtime and present results on the cost of persisting and recovering component-based applications.
STAT3 Inhibition Promotes Potent Th1 Responses By Down Regulating Pdl-1 Expression On Tumor Cells

STAT3 signaling is upregulated in cancer cells and is thought to be a critical mediator of tumor associated immune suppression. We examined the relationship of STAT3 and PDL-1, an important negative regulator of T cell immune responses via interactions with PD-1. The 5'upstream, putative promoter region of PDL-1 gene contains four potential STAT3 binding sites close to transcription start site, suggesting a possible role of STAT3 in transcriptional regulation of PDL-1. We investigated for a possible relationship between STAT3 and PDL-1 in multiple myeloma (MM-RPMI) cell line. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP assay), we observed direct binding of STAT3 to the PDL-1 promoter region in MM-RPMI cells. Moreover, an enhanced occupancy of STAT3 on the PDL-1 promoter region was also observed when the cells were treated with IL-6 (20 ng/ml). Concurrent with the above observation, IL-6 treated MM-RPMI cells showed an enhanced expression of PDL-1 protein. Treatment of RPMI-MM cells with STAT3 inhibitors AG490 and CDDO-Me for 72 hrs resulted in PDL-1 expression levels of 24.5% and 15.1% respectively, compared to 97.5% for untreated control cells as determined by FACS analysis. Based on these observations, we evaluated the effect of STAT3 inhibition by exposure to small molecule STAT3 inhibitor on response to a tumor vaccine consisting of myeloma cells fused with dendritic cells (DC). DC/myeloma fusion cells were co-cultured with autologous T cells in the presence or absence of small molecule STAT3 inhibitor (CDDO-Me). Treatment of the cocultures with CDDO-Me resulted in an increased in the percentage of CD4/IFNγ (11.57±SEM 1.16; n=3) and CD8/IFNγ (23.37±SEM 2.25; n=3) expressing cells as compared to untreated cocultures (3.1± SEM 0.72; n=3) and (4.43±SEM 0.81; n=3) respectively. Moreover, we also observed a concomitant decrease in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressing IL-10 or IL-4 compared to untreated cocultures. We also noted a decrease in the percentage of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (CD4+/CD25+/FOXP3+) in treated cocultures (8.33±SEM 0.59; n=3) as compared to untreated cocultures (28.50±SEM 2.0; n=3). These findings indicate a pivotal role of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and its downstream activator STAT3 in regulating PDL-1 expression. Thus, strategic inhibition of STAT3/IL-6 pathway and therefore down regulation of PDL-1 could enhance the potency of tumor/DC fusion cell based cancer vaccines for immunotherapeutic treatments. Furthermore, the data demonstrate that the availability of novel adjuvants offers the potential for combination therapy that may have profound effect on the potency and durability of responses to cellular immunotherapy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Demonstration of a Cryogenic Isothermal Expander

A new high-pressure-ratio steady-flow cryocooler employing an cryogenic isothermal expander has the potential for high reliability and efficiency at a modest cost. A demonstration test operated the isothermal expander in a test apparatus that simulated a high-pressure-ratio steady-flow cryocooler. The design of the expander is described including the expander surfaces, the recondenser and the valves. In these tests, the expander achieved produced 730 watts of net cooling at 78 K with an expander isothermal efficiency of 60%.
The Accreditation Status of Student Health Services at Academic Medical Centers

Article-at-a-Glance Background Student health services (SHSs) on campuses with academic medical centers (AMCs; schools affiliated with teaching hospitals) often provide clinical services (including occupational health services) for students and staff. There are few aggregate data about the accreditation status of these health services. Method A cross-sectional survey of SHSs at the 124 medical schools in the United States was conducted in spring 1999. SHSs were questioned about their accreditation status Results One-hundred three SHSs were included in the survey. Forty-seven (46%) of the SHSs were accredited, 30 (64%) through the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and the remainder through the Accreditation Association of Ambulatory Health Care (AAAHC). The Joint Commission predominated among private SHSs (13/15 [87%]), but public institutions were more evenly divided. Most of the SHSs accredited as freestanding ambulatory care centers were AAAHC accredited (16/27 [59%]). Nearly all the SHSs accredited as satellites of the AMCs were Joint Commission accredited. Conclusion Although fewer than one-half of SHSs at AMCs are accredited either through the Joint Commission or AAAHC, this is a far higher percentage than of accredited SHSs in general (134/1,500 [9%]). The Joint Commission dominates as the accrediting body for SHSs at AMCs largely because of the high-proportion of services accredited as satellites of the AMCs. Although the accreditation process is costly and time-consuming and may appear daunting, SHSs at AMCs should pursue accreditation to ensure quality in health care processes.
Reactions of the Three AmpD Enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A group of Gram-negative bacteria, including the problematic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has linked the steps in cell-wall recycling with the ability to manifest resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. A key step at the crossroads of the two events is performed by the protease AmpD, which hydrolyzes the peptide in the metabolite that influences these events. In contrast to other organisms that harbor this elaborate system, the genomic sequences of P. aeruginosa reveal it to have three paralogous genes for this protease, designated as ampD, ampDh2, and ampDh3. The recombinant gene products were purified to homogeneity, and their functions were assessed by the use of synthetic samples of three bacterial metabolites in cell-wall recycling and of three surrogates of cell-wall peptidoglycan. The results unequivocally identify AmpD as the bona fide recycling enzyme and AmpDh2 and AmpDh3 as enzymes involved in turnover of the bacterial cell wall itself. These findings define for the first time the events mediated by these three enzymes that lead to turnover of a key cell-wall recycling metabolite as well as the cell wall itself in its maturation.
KRYPTOR-automated angiogenic factor assays and risk of preeclampsia-related adverse outcomes

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate KRYPTOR assays for circulating soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) in risk assessment of adverse outcomes in women with suspected preeclampsia. Methods: We studied 412 women carrying a singleton pregnancy from a previous study cohort who were evaluated for suspected preeclampsia. Another 434 nonpreeclamptic patients with plasma samples drawn throughout pregnancy were used to derive normative data. Plasma sFlt1 and PlGF levels were measured on the automated KRYPTOR platform and evaluated for prediction of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes within 2 weeks. Normative values were used to create a ratio of markers and these values were reported as multiples of median (MoM) for women with and without adverse outcomes. The KRYPTOR assay results were also compared with previously reported measurements obtained using the automated Elecsys platform. Results: Among participants presenting at <34 weeks (N = 110), patients with subsequent ad...
Investigations with New Insecticides for Codling Moth Control

Orchard trials with new insecticides for control of codling moth ( Carpocapsa pomonella (L.)) on pears were conducted in two orchards in northern California during 1956. Diazinon alone, a combination of Diazinon and DDT, Thimet, Dipterex and a spore preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner failed to give satisfactory control. Trithion gave variable results, showing promise in one trial, but providing poor control in another. Hercules AC-528 showed some promise, and ryania, Sevin (N-methyl-l-naphthyl carbamate) and Guthion gave codling moth control comparable to the standard dosage of DDT. During 1957, orchard trials were continued on pears, and Sevin and Guthion gave good codling moth control. Guthion also controlled the European red mite ( Panonychus ulmi (Koch)), and both Guthion and Sevin reduced a lepidopterous leaf miner infestation to a low level. Ryania, at a low dosage, plus a spreader-sticker, failed to provide adequate reduction of fruit injury by the cooling moth. In a New town Pippin apple orchard, a heavy codling moth infestation was found following grower application of a full DDT program. Field trials during 1957 in this orchard with DDT strongly indicated a resistance to this compound. In the same orchard, Trithion, ryania, Sevin and ethion provided satisfactory control of a heavy infestation. Trithion and ethion also provided control of European red mite, and Sevin prevented a build-up of the apple aphid Aphis pomi DeG. No serious phytotoxic effects were noted on pears or apples following the use of the experimental insecticides.
Competition policy in the information economy

Many of the so-called industrial nations are indeed experiencing a transition to an information-based economy, in the sense that ICE -information, communications, and entertainment -comprises an ever-greater share of GDP. In this brave new world, the economics of networks takes on greater importance in comparison with traditional economies of scale. This paper explores the implications of the shift towards an informationand network-based economy for the three traditional branches of competition policy: (1) mergers, (2) inter-firm cooperation/collusion, and (3) unilateral conduct by dominant firms. The general theme of the paper is that we possess the economic tools to fashion sound competition policy in the information economy, and those tools are indeed being used to develop and refine such policy. This theme is illustrated with examples from the United States, including the widely followed case of the U.S. v. Microsoft. ********************* Forthcoming in Foundations of Competition Policy Analysis, 2000, Routledge. I thank those at the Norwegian Competition Authority for in Oslo, Norway, for their helpful comments. Please direct comments and case suggestions to shapiro@haas.berkeley.edu or visit my web site http://haas.berkeley.edu/~shapiro. I am deeply indebted to my co-authors on related projects. I have learned a great deal about the information economy, the Internet, and on-line commerce from my colleague Hal R. Varian, Dean of the School of Information Management and Systems at the University of California at Berkeley. This paper draws from our book, Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, Harvard Business School Press, 1999. See http://www.inforules.com for more information. I also am relying heavily on my colleague Michael L. Katz, and our joint paper, “Antitrust in Software Markets,” in Competition, Convergence, and the Microsoft Monopoly, 1999, Kluwer; see http://haas.berkeley.edu/~shapiro/software.pdf.
Hormonal Modulation of Rat Hepatic Zinc Metallothionein Levels

The hormonal induction of hepatic zinc thionein (ZnMT) is a complex and multifaceted process. Zinc and glucocorticoids have direct effects on MT-mRNA transcription. Other known modulators communicate with MT genes via their plasma membrane receptors and adenylate cyclase or phospholipase C, resulting in the activation of protein kinases A and C and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (See Figure 1). Our group has demonstrated the ability of catecholamines, angiotensin II, phorbol esters, and adenosine and its analogues to induce ZnMT (1–6). Cousins’ group has done the same for zinc, glucocorticoids, glucagon, cAMP analogues, and interleukin-1 (7,8). Our major hypothesis is that ZnMT induction is a key response by the liver to stresses on the animal. High levels of ZnMT may be necessary for the hepatocyte to make the large quantities of new macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins) it needs, when changing its metabolism in response to stresses. Many of the enzymes involved in nucleic acid and protein biosynthesis are zinc-requiring enzymes.
Understanding Health Insurance

Publisher Summary The risk of medical cost must be assumed by any of the following: Although, physicians may not always agree with the actions of insurers, it is important to understand the rationale behind the activity. This chapter provides a richer understanding of the historical context of how health insurance evolved. The risk of medical cost must be assumed by any of these: the insurance company, individuals, employers, government, and providers. Somebody must pay for medical costs. Health Plans (HPs) have developed an array of products to meet the needs of employer groups and govemment programs. These products range from a traditional indemnity program with total open access, to a gatekeeper Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) model with limited benefits and limited network access. Employers contract with HPs to provide specific cost-control mechanisms, such as precertification, referrals, benefit carve-outs, concurrent review, pharmacy formulary, and use of specific preferred provider networks. These mechanisms are perceived by providers as burdensome hassle factors that interfere with the practice of medicine. Referrals are a mechanism whereby PCPs act as gatekeepers to access specialty care. The referral process also is designed to encourage better coordination and communication between the primary care provider (PCP) and specialists. Most HPs have technology assessment services that use an evidence-based medical literature approach to determine coverage of new technology. One criticism of the health insurance industry is the slow pace and seemingly nonstandardized approach. By understanding the constituents involved in health care delivery, physicians should realize that employers pay for the bulk of health care and HPs administer the benefits defined by the employer.
MobTrack: Locating indoor interfering radios with a single device

In this paper, we present MobTrack, a single device system which aims to locate interfering radios on unlicensed ISM band in indoor environments. Compared with existing techniques which require a deployment of dense access points (APs), MobTrack only demands a single device equipped with multiple antennas. The location of an interfering signal source are estimated by computing the angle of arrival (AoA) of Line of Sight (LoS) component using an antenna array. Taking advantage of cyclostationary property, MobTrack differentiates interfering signals from working signals. By moving the device around for a short distance within one meter, it depresses multipath effects and determines the LoS component. Simultaneously, the AoAs on the moving trace are recorded to estimate the location of the interfering radio by triangulation. We evaluate the performance of MobTrack by setting up a prototype experimental system. Compared with recent interference localization schemes, MobTrack has much lower hardware complexity and gets better localization accuracy with a median of 0.55 meters.
Determinants of Mortgage Default Rates: Pre-Crisis and Crisis Period Dynamics and Stability

In this study, we investigate the dynamic relation among mortgage default rates, housing prices, unemployment rate, the loan-to-value ratio, the debt-to-income ratio, and monetary (interest rate) p...
Existing Deduplication Techniques

Though various deduplication techniques have been proposed and used, no single best solution has been developed to handle all types of redundancies. Considering performance and overhead, each deduplication technique has been developed with different designs considering the characteristics of data sets, system capacity and deduplication time. For example, if the data sets to be handled have many duplicate files, deduplication can compare files themselves without looking at the file content for faster running time. However, if data sets have similar files rather than identical files, deduplication should look inside the files to check what parts of the contents are the same as previously saved data for better storage space savings. Also, deduplication should consider different designs of system capacity. High-capacity servers can handle considerable overhead for deduplication, but low-capacity clients should have lightweight deduplication designs for fast performance. Studies have been conducted to reduce redundancies at routers (or switches) within a network. This approach requires the fast processing of data packets at the routers, which is of crucial necessity for Internet service providers (ISPs). Meanwhile, if a system removes redundancies directly in a write path within a confined storage space, it is better to eliminate redundant data before storage. On the other hand, if a system has residual (or idle) time or enough space to store data temporarily, deduplication can be performed after the data are placed in temporary storage. In this chapter, we classify existing deduplication techniques based on granularity, place of deduplication and deduplication time. We start by explaining how to efficiently detect redundancy using chunk index caches and bloom filters. Then we describe how each deduplication technique works along with existing approaches and elaborate on commercially and academically existing deduplication solutions. All implementation codes are tested and run on Ubuntu 12.04 precise.
Thermodynamics modeling of cohesive energy of metallic nano-structured materials

Abstract A new modeling approach based on thermodynamics has been proposed to explain cohesive energy of metallic nano-structured materials. It was assumed that the nano-structured materials are nano-composites in which nano-crystals act as reinforcements embedded either in a disordered matrix, such as grain boundary area, or an ordered matrix, such as a crystalline metal. Then, cohesive energy of each part of the nano-composites including nano-crystallites, interfaces between these parts and grain boundaries in addition to inner structure of grain boundaries modeled individually considering the effect of size of nano-crystals as well as the effect of crystallinity of the matrix. The results of these calculations on the example of Au have been presented. On the basis of these calculations, the model outputs were in good agreement with predictions and reported abnormal behaviors of nano-structured materials in the literature such as superheating, in nano-composites, and decrease in melting point as a result of decrease in crystallite size, in metallic nano-structures.
Problem Solving, Time Management, and Planning

This chapter presents step-by-step lessons that can help practitioners, educators, and parents teach the executive function skills of problem solving, time management, and planning. The Problem Solving lesson teaches learners to solve both nonsocial and social conflicts. In the Time Management lesson, the learner is taught to identify and predict elapsed time of activities. Once those skills are in place, the lesson teaches the learner how to make and follow a schedule. The Planning lessons teach the learner to use a planner or device for planning, plan short- and long-term goals, and engage in social planning for the purpose of making and maintaining friendships. Worksheets, data sheets, and graphs are provided for tracking progress.
The duration of a Yellowstone super-eruption cycle and implications for the age of the Olduvai subchron

Abstract Small-volume rhyolitic eruptions preceding and following a caldera-forming eruption can provide insights into the tempo of eruption cycles and timing of magmatic recharge. In this contribution, high-precision 40 Ar/ 39 Ar eruption ages were obtained on the three effusive eruptions bracketing the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff, which comprise Yellowstone's first volcanic cycle. These dates are supplemented with detailed paleomagnetic and rock magnetic analyses to resolve discrepancies with previous reported stratigraphy. The Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (2.08 Ma) was preceded by an eruption at 2.14 Ma, and followed by eruptions at 1.98 and 1.95 Ma, all of which occurred during four distinct periods of geomagnetic instability within the Matuyama chron. The first volcanic cycle of Yellowstone has now been constrained to within a 200 kyr timespan, or half of the previously proposed duration, and similar to the duration of volcanic activity for caldera-forming systems in the Jemez Volcanic Field. The maximum duration for magmatic recharge for the first Yellowstone volcanic cycle is no greater than 100 kyr, and likely closer to 40 kyr. Furthermore, the combined 40 Ar/ 39 Ar eruption ages and paleomagnetic results provide polarity anchors for the Pre-Olduvai excursion and Olduvai subchron, which are often used as tie-points in studies of early Pleistocene hominin evolution.
Introduction: Abstract Models of Learning

Abstract Models of Learning Learning is something we are all very familiar with. As children we learn to recognize faces, to walk, to speak, to climb trees and ride bikes, and so many other things that it would be a hopeless task to continue the list. Later we learn how to read and write; we learn arithmetic, calculus, and foreign languages; we learn how to cook spaghetti, how to drive a car, or what's the best response to telemarketing calls. Even as adults, when many of our beliefs have become entrenched and our behaviors often are habitual, there are new alternatives to explore if we wish to do so; and sometimes we even may revise long-held beliefs or change our conduct based on something we have learned. So learning is a very important part of our lives. But it is not restricted to humans, assuming we understand it sufficiently broadly. Animals learn when they adjust their behavior to external stimuli. Even plants and very simple forms of life like bacteria can be said to “learn” in the sense of responding to information from their environment, as do some of the machines and computer programs created by us; search engines learn a lot about you from your search history (leading to the funky marketing idea that the underlying algorithms know more about you than you do yourself). Thus, learning covers a wide variety of phenomena that share a particular pattern: some old state of an individual (what you believe, how you act, etc.) is altered in response to new information. This general description encompasses many distinct ways of learning, but it is too broad to characterize learning events. There are all kinds of epistemically irrelevant or even harmful factors that can have an influence on how an individual's state is altered. In order to better understand learning events and what sets them apart from other kinds of events, this book uses abstract models of learning , that is, precise mathematical representations of learning protocols. Abstractmodels of learning are studied in many fields, such as decision and game theory, mathematical psychology, and computer science. I will explore some learning models that I take to be especially interesting.
The curious case of Cuyuna: Re–Envisioning former extractive sites to stimulate local communities

Abstract Thirty years after the closing of the iron ore mines in the Cuyuna Range, the last of Minnesota’s three great “Iron Ranges”, a grass-roots, locally-led initiative set about to re-envision the range and the region through the establishment of the Cuyuna Country State Recreation Area. Their goal was not only to stimulate local economies after mining, but also to preserve and protect the region’s mining heritage and its natural environment. The objective of this study was to track the history of the Cuyuna SRA to understand better how former extractive sites can be re-envisioned and re-appropriated to benefit local communities and the natural environment long after mining ceases, and how the curious case of Cuyuna can be applied to other former extractive sites. Findings suggest that former extractive sites can be re-envisioned through ecological revitalization to benefit local communities and the natural environment, and that the closure of mining activities does not necessarily signal the demise of adjacent communities. However, each mine and its surrounding communities are at the mercy of their individual and collective context, including local decision making and the will of stakeholders, and it is this context that ultimately determines the success or failure of such endeavors.
Co-evolution of Fitness Predictors and Deep Neural Networks

Deep neural networks proved to be a very useful and powerful tool with many applications. In order to achieve good learning results, the network architecture has, however, to be carefully designed, which requires a lot of experience and knowledge. Using an evolutionary process to develop new network topologies can facilitate this process. The limiting factor is the speed of evaluation of a single specimen (a single network architecture), which includes learning based on a large dataset. In this paper we propose a new approach which uses subsets of the original training set to approximate the fitness. We describe a co-evolutionary algorithm and discuss its key elements. Finally we draw conclusions from experiments and outline plans for future work.
College for All in capitalist America: the post-secondary emphasis in the neoliberal age

College for All approaches to secondary education have gained prominence over recent decades. This trend has resulted in scholarly criticism. College is inappropriate for many students, and insisting that all students attend ensures failure, frustration and debt. The College for All policy, intended to enhance democratic equality and undermine human vulnerability, may thus achieve neither of its goals. However, the alternative to College for All, which the authors label College for Some, is equally wrought with challenges. Approaches that emphasize tracking, for example, inevitably stratify students along capitalist hierarchies. Ultimately, the authors argue that neither College for All nor College for Some practices will enhance social equity as currently applied. Instead, the authors put forward a ‘Justice for All’ approach that borrows from critical pedagogy and suggests college preparatory practices elevate concerns of social justice to prepare students to advocate for democratic equity regardless of postsecondary pursuits.
Imaging Diseases of the Aorta

The aorta (from Medieval Latin, Greek aorte, the great artery; literally, “I lift, carry, rise”) is the largest artery in the body, originating from the heart, extending down through the abdomen, and terminating at the bifurcation of the iliacs. It can be divided into the thoracic aorta, above the diaphragm, and the abdominal aorta, below the diaphragm. The thoracic segment is further divided into the ascending aorta (including the arch) and the descending aorta. The abdominal aorta, although usually described from the diaphragm to the iliacs, can be divided into the visceral or renal aorta and the infrarenal aorta (Figs. 11.1 and 11.2).
Building Global Innovation Ecosystems though Public Private Partnerships: How IBM has Leveraged Academic Collaboration for 70+ Years

Abstract This chapter provides an unique insider look at IBM Research’s academic collaborations from the past to the present spanning the world.
Application of In Situ PCR and In Situ Hybridization to the Characterization of Lung Cancers

Lung cancer is the result of chronic exposure of a range of normal respiratory epithelial cells to carcinogens. This exposure produces a complicated biology which is reflected by the numerous histologies of lung cancer [1], Currently, the precise sequence of genetic events leading to an invasive cancer is speculative, but the development of new techniques offers possibilities of understanding this process. In addition, these techniques could be instrumental in identifying early markers for the detection of lung tumors before they metastasize [2].
Current concepts regarding pharmacologic treatment of rheumatoid and osteoarthritis

Treating patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains challenging; however, new agents offer the chance for an improved quality of life. As an alternative to traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors provide pain relief for OA and RA patients with possible fewer side effects. Otherwise, OA patients may opt for topical agents, injections, or supplements. Rheumatoid arthritis research has led to an improved understanding of the inflammatory cascade and an appreciation of the early tissue destruction. A new treatment philosophy has thus emerged along with the development of new biologic agents; the latter, along with combination therapy and a new disease modifying antirheumatic drug, leflunomide, have greatly expanded the chances for disease control in RA patients.
Use of smartphone sensors to quantify the productive cycle elements of hand fallers on industrial cable logging operations

Analysis of time and motion study data is central to forest operations, but current methods used to study work cycles are limited in the breadth and depth of available predictor variables. The objective of this research was to evaluate whether activity recognition modeling based on smartphone sensor data could be used to quantify work tasks during motor-manual logging activities. Three productive cycle elements (travel, acquire, fell) and delays were manually timed while three hand fallers worked on industrial cable logging operations in North Idaho. Each faller carried a smartphone that recorded sensor data at 10 Hz using the AndroSensor mobile app. The random forests machine learning algorithm was used to classify cycle elements and delay from the device sensor measurements. Four time domain features (mean, standard deviation, interquartile range, and skewness) were extracted for each of four sensor values (acceleration, linear acceleration, gyroscope, and sound) using 10 sliding window sizes ranging from 1 to 10 seconds. For each window size, calculations were performed with and without gaps between subsequent cycle elements. Models with and without sound were compared. Overall model prediction accuracy ranged from 65.9% to 99.6% and accuracy increased as window size increased. The two calculation methods did not result in noticeable differences in prediction error, but the inclusion of sound decreased error in nearly all models. These results have demonstrated the feasibility of developing activity recognition models to quantify work based on mobile device sensors, which is an important step for advancing real-time analysis of productive cycle times.
Cell Signaling Dependence of Rapid Glucocorticoid-Induced Endocannabinoid Synthesis in Hypothalamic Neuroendocrine Cells

Glucocorticoids induce a rapid synthesis of endocannabinoid in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells by activation of a putative membrane receptor. Somato-dendritically released endocannabinoid acts as a retrograde messenger to suppress excitatory synaptic inputs to corticotropin-releasing hormone-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-secreting cells. The non-genomic signaling mechanism responsible for rapid endocannabinoid synthesis by glucocorticoids has yet to be fully characterized. Here we manipulated cell signaling molecules pharmacologically using an intracellular approach to elucidate the signaling pathway activated by the membrane glucocorticoid receptor in hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells. We found that rapid glucocorticoid-induced endocannabinoid synthesis in magnocellular neuroendocrine cells requires the sequential activation of multiple kinases, phospholipase C, and intracellular calcium mobilization. While there remain gaps in our understanding, our findings reveal many of the critical players in the rapid glucocorticoid signaling that culminates in the retrograde endocannabinoid modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission.
Tissue and regional distribution of cysteic acid decarboxylase. A new assay method.

A sensitive and rapid assay method for cysteic acid decarboxylase was developed which combined the selectivity of ion exchange resin (a complete retention of the substrate, cysteic acid, and exclusion of the product, taurine) with the speed of a vacuum filtration. The synthesis and purification of35S-labeled cysteic acid were described. The validity of the assay was established by the identification of the reaction product as taurine. With this new method, the decarboxylase activity was measured in discrete regions of bovine brain. Putamen had the highest activity, 172 pmol taurine formed/min/mg protein (100%), followed by caudate nucleus, 90%; cerebral cortex, 82%; hypothalamus, 81%; cerebellar cortex, 79%; cerebellar peduncle, 59%; thalamus, 42%; brain stem, 25%; pons, 10%; and corpus callosum, 3%. The decarboxylase activity in various mouse tissues was also determined as follows: liver, 403; brain, 145; kidney, 143; spinal cord, 59; lung, 21; and spleen, 10 pmol taurine formed/min/mg. No activity could be detected in skeleton muscle and heart, suggesting a different biosynthetic pathway for taurine synthesis in these tissues. The advantages and disadvantages of the new assay method are also discussed.
Database, Core: Linguistics and CHILDES

The Child Language Data Exchange System (CHILDES) promotes sharing of transcript data and shared standards for transcription and documenting using computerization. It built on a history of sharing child language transcript data established by Roger Brown, adding automation of analysis and procedures for compiling data across sets of transcripts. The CHILDES database now encompasses corpora in 26 languages, corpora of bi- and tri-lingual children, of children and adults with language disorders, and elicited narrative. A successor system, TalkBank, offers digitized audio and video records, web-enabled access, and richer coding capacities to language researchers.
Endoscopic Muscle Repair of Right Internal Carotid Artery Rupture Following Endovascular Procedure.

Carotid artery blowout syndrome (CBS) is a deadly complication usually linked to head and neck cancer therapy. We present a different etiology of endoscopic CBS, a complication of endovascular coiling of an intracranial aneurysm, treated with sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle graft packing. Case Presentation: An otherwise healthy 55-year-old female presented to the emergency room with right-sided painless vision loss of 23 days. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated a right ophthalmic ICA aneurysm eroding into the right sphenoid sinus with optic nerve compression. Attempted endovascular repair of the aneurysm was complicated by ICA rupture into the sphenoid. An endovascular balloon was inflated proximal to the aneurysm to reduce hemorrhage as ENT performed an endoscopic sphenoidotomy. A hematoma was seen overlying the aneurysm in the superior lateral sphenoid sinus. Layers of SCM muscle were morselized and packed serially. Post-repair angiography showed no further extravasation. Aggressive antiplatelet therapy was initiated. Packing was removed after 14 days. Twenty days postoperatively, the patient had profuse left-sided epistaxis requiring a left sphenopalatine artery ligation. The patient's vision recovered. Discussion: Whereas CBS is often managed by endovascular coil embolism, in our case CBS was caused by this very treatment itself. This case shows the use of SCM muscle graft as an effective repair modality of ICA rupture due to endovascular coiling. Laryngoscope, 131:E764-E766, 2021.
Implementing a 1:1 technology program in a rural, public school: a study of perceptions of technology integration

Rural communities face unique challenges that can complicate technological integration and impact the effectiveness of 1:1 technology initiatives. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explor...
A Latent Profile Analysis to Categorize and Describe Athletes Based on Factors Related to Concussion Disclosure.

CONTEXT Collegiate student-athletes continue competing after experiencing symptoms of a concussion. Self-report of concussion symptoms is a critical element of the recovery process. Identifying factors related to concussion disclosure can aid in encouraging self-reporting. OBJECTIVE To use latent profile analysis to categorize and describe athletes based on factors related to concussion disclosure. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Web-based survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 2 881 (52.4% female; 65.3% in-season; 40% collision sport) student-athletes from 16 National Collegiate Athletic Association member institutions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Student-athlete concussion expectations, attitudes, and norms were the profile variables and reporting intentions served as the distal outcome variable. We conducted latent profile analysis using select profile variables to determine the optimal number of classes. Differences in concussion-reporting intentions by profile assignment were then examined. Lastly, the extent to which a student-athlete's sex, season status, and level of contact predicted his or her intentions to report a concussion within each profile was investigated. RESULTS Five unique student-athlete profiles emerged, including 1 profile that was most risky and another that was least risky. Females had significantly higher odds of being in the least risky profile. Those participating in collision sports had significantly higher odds of being in the top 2 most risky profiles. Contact-sport and in-season athletes were less likely to be in the least risky profile. CONCLUSIONS With a better understanding of student-athlete profiles, athletic trainers have an opportunity to encourage concussion disclosure. Prompt disclosure would allow student-athletes to begin the return-to-play protocol in a more timely manner.
Do Early Life Experiences Predict Variation in the General Factor of Personality (GFP)

The controversial General Factor of Personality (GFP) has been proposed as an indicator of social effectiveness and a slower life history strategy. An alternative hypothesis holds that only meta-trait alpha, comprising agreeableness, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, is a slow life history indicator. This study tested whether the GFP and/or alpha emerges from both self- and stranger-ratings, and whether either is predicted by indicators of harsh childhood ecologies. U.S. undergraduate participants (N = 366) completed a Big Five instrument, a measure of socially desirable response bias, and brief (thin slice) videotaped interviews. Raters scored the interviews using the same Big Five instrument. Structural equation modeling of the self-report data yielded a well-fitting GFP, which was positively associated with father closeness. Meta-trait alpha, based on self-report, was associated with both father closeness and neighborhood stress, but showed positive loadings only for agreeableness and emotional stability. Stranger-rating data failed to yield either a well-fitting GFP or metatrait alpha. Our findings are equivocal regarding the usefulness of the GFP specifically, and higher-order personality factors generally, in evolutionary personality science.
Federal Alcohol Administration Act and Internal Revenue Code—Alcohol Excise Taxes

The prohibition of the sale of intoxicating liquors in the United States, by the eighteenth amendment to the Constitution, came to an end with the ratification of the twenty-first amendment by the states on December 5, 1933. Quickly, laws had to be repealed, amended or drawn up to control production and distribution of alcoholic beverages and to assure the collection of taxes on such products. Thus, on August 29, 1935, the Congress passed the Federal Alcohol Administration Act “To further protect the revenue derived from distilled spirits, wine, and malt beverages, to regulate interstate and foreign commerce, and enforce the postal laws with respect thereto, to enforce the twenty-first amendment, and for other purposes.”
Evolutionary Phenetics and Genetics

The advent of analysis of allozyme variation within natural populations has touched off a veritable revolution of our knowledge of evolutionary genetics. Many organisms that could not be bred in the laboratory or that exhibit no obvious polymorphism have yielded important insights into the genetic structure of natural populations. Although allozyme variation has allowed investigation of evolutionary phenomena at a level very close to the genome in diverse organisms, it has left very important problems unresolved and engendered a series of problems that are preculiar to allozymes (e.g., Lewontin, 1974; Koehn and Eanes, 1977, 1978).
Schools for the Better Making of Men? Undergraduate Black Males, Fraternity Membership, and Manhood

This multi-institutional qualitative study was conducted to understand how African American male undergraduates, who are members of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs), construct manhood within both historically Black college and predominantly White institution contexts. Built on evidence derived from participants’ narratives, this study contributes to the field by offering manhood perspectives as a pertinent part of the overarching view of BGLO membership and identity as experienced by African American males. Following data analysis, two general themes emerged: (1) teaching persistence and leadership and (2) expanding worldviews. Findings from this study inform higher education administrators, advisors and staff about how African American male students construct manhood as members of BGLOs.
Accelerated growth and senescence of arterial endothelial cells expressing the small molecular weight heat‐shock protein HSP27

Bovine arterial endothelial cells were stably transfected with the human wild-type (wt) HSP27 or a mutant gene (mu) encoding a nonphosphorylatable form of the protein. At early passage both cultural and cellular morphology were similar, although the vacuole content in wtHSP27 was much higher than muHSP27 cells. As the cultures aged, wtHSP27 cells became large, polymorphic, highly vacuolated, and reached senescence before muHSP27 transfected cultures, which remained small and polygonal with few detectable vacuoles. Vector control cells showed an intermediate phenotype. Tritiated thymidine incorporation studies were performed with multiple wtHSP27 and muHSP27 clones and the results compared with 11 vector control clones. The results showed an average increase in growth rate for the wtHSP27 cells of 3.0 +/- 0.6 times. The growth rate of eight muHSP27 clones showed a slight decrease. Estradiol treatment of endothelial cells resulted in an increase in both bovine and human HSP27, with peak expression at 100 nM...
A Review of “Neoliberal Environments: False Promises and Unnatural Consequences”

What connects governance shifts in timber production in New Mexico with land politics in Brazil? In a word, neoliberalism. Increasingly, neoliberal ideas and policies have come to dominate the mana...
Potential applications for low-Tera-Hertz radar

The paper discusses the applications for which operation at terahertz frequencies can give significant advantages over operation at other wavebands. The review of potential applications must take account of the radar sensitivities which are practical at these wavelengths, including the atmospheric propagation characteristics. The most significant applications would appear to be more compact versions of some which applications for which millimetric radar has been looked at in recent years: automotive sensors, helicopter obstacle warning and missile fusing, although the different target and clutter characteristics at these frequencies are likely to lead to significant differences in the performance of the systems and to novel applications as the phenomenology becomes better characterised.
Growth of SJL/J-derived transplantable reticulum cell sarcoma as related to its ability to induce T-cell proliferation in the host: IV. Effect of thymectomy on primary lymphoma incidence☆

Abstract The incidence of spontaneous primary lymphoma following adult thymectomy, irradiation, and bone marrow reconstitution was studied in SJL/J mice. A significantly higher incidence of generalized lymphoma was demonstrated in γ-irradiated and bone marrow-reconstituted (XBM) mice as compared to thymectomized, γ-irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted (ATx-XBM) mice. Including both localized and generalized lymphomas, ATx-XBM mice showed about half the incidence of XBM mice at 12 months of age. In comparison of XBM vs untreated controls, a much lower incidence of spleen involvement was noted in XBM mice than in untreated controls.