cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nephrotic range proteinuria associated with unilateral renal artery stenosis

Sir, Mild proteinuria is often present in patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) [1]. However, heavy proteinuria is an uncommon finding in this setting, and many of the reported cases are due to bilateral RAS [2]. A 62-year-old Caucasian male was referred to our nephrology service for worsening kidney function. He had a history of coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease (baseline serum creatinine level of 2–3 mg/dl), and hypertension. For the past few months prior to admission, he had presented with progressive deterioration in kidney function associated with refractory hypertension. At the time of admission, he had bilateral lower extremity edema with a creatinine of 4.4 mg/dl, proteinuria of 15 g/24 h, and was treated with six antihypertensive medications. Further investigations including immunologic studies and renal ultrasound were normal, except for a plasma renin activity of 11 ng/ml/h (normal: 1–3.8) and an aldosterone level of 35 ng/dl (normal: 1–14). A carbon dioxide angiogram revealed severe ostial right RAS with normal left renal artery. A stent was placed at the site of stenosis with subsequent improvement in renal perfusion. Over the next 2 weeks, the kidney function returned to its baseline (creatinine 3.1 mg/dl), blood pressure was better controlled (needing only one antihypertensive agent), and proteinuria decreased to 2.3 g/24 h. Although mild-to-moderate proteinuria is commonly seen in patients with RAS, massive proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is considered a rare presentation in this setting. The pathophysiology of this phenomenon is poorly understood, and the main suggested mechanisms are thought to be hormonal and hemodynamic disturbances. The ischemia induced by renal hypoperfusion can result in an increased secretion of renin from the affected kidney. Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is associated with a number of physiologic and pathophysiologic consequences [3]. The role of RAAS in the development of proteinuria was first observed in experimental animals [4] and was then confirmed in human studies. In a study on 96 patients with renal artery occlusion, Rossignol et al. found that the degree of proteinuria was independently related to the active renin level, which reflects plasma angiotensin II concentration. Angiotensin II constricts the efferent arterioles in the unaffected kidney leading to increased intraglomerular pressure [5]. It also acts directly on the endothelial cells resulting in widening of the intra-endothelial gaps and an increase in glomerular capillary permeability [5]. Our patient also showed a high plasma renin activity, likely secondary to RAS. Although biopsy was not done, the significant reduction in the amount of proteinuria over a short period of time supports the hypothesis that the renal hypoperfusion, with A. Wadhwa A. Kazory (&) Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0224, USA e-mail: amir.kazory@medicine.ufl.edu
Activation energy of drain-current degradation in GaN HEMTs under high-power DC stress

We have investigated the role of temperature in the degradation of GaN High-Electron-Mobility-Transistors (HEMTs) under high-power DC stress. We have identified two degradation mechanisms that take place in a sequential manner: the gate leakage current increases first, followed by a decrease in the drain current. Building on this observation, we demonstrate a new scheme to extract the activation energy (Ea) of device degradation from step-temperature measurements on a single device. The Ea’s we obtain closely agree with those extracted from conventional accelerated life test experiments on a similar device technology.
Modeling of pool fires in cold regions

Abstract Fires and especially pool fires are among the most frequent accidents in process facilities. Flame impingement and thermal radiation are the main hazardous characteristics of pool fires. Pool fires have been the subject of numerous modeling and experimental studies covering a variety of areas such as fire and flame structure, emissive power, temperature distribution and fire characteristics. The effects of environmental parameters such as wind velocity, humidity and water/ice droplets in the air have not been studied extensively. Further, the effect of surrounding surface reflectivity has not been studied. This issue is very important for cold regions like the Arctic, where outdoor surfaces are covered with snow and ice for several months of the year. Furthermore, there is no comprehensive fire consequence modeling tool that includes pool fire development, environmental characteristics effects and thermal radiation. This study proposes a new comprehensive model for steady state and fully developed pool fires. This new model takes into account the effects of environmental variables such as temperature, the presence of droplets and surface reflectivity on thermal radiation and subsequently on the fire consequence assessment.
Considerations for electromagnetic antiproton traps

Abstract The selection of a Penning ion trap as the capture, storage and launching device for an experiment which will attempt to detect and quantitatively measure the gravitational acceleration of antiprotons is described. Effects due to trap physical parameters, residual vacuum, and rf interrogation of the trapped particle ensemble are considered. Techniques for cooling the trapped particles from approximately 100 eV to near 4 K are discussed. Recent work towards realization of the system is reported.
Chiral induction in electron-transfer reactions of iron(II) and iron(III) bis(oxime-imine) complexes

The kinetics and mechanisms of reductions of [Co(edta)] − and [Co(phen) 3 ] 3+ by the bis(oxime-imine) reagent [Fe II Me 2 L(1)] (Me 2 L(1)H 2 =C 14 H 28 N 6 O 2 ) are reported over the pH range 6-9 at 0.10 M ionic strength and 25.0°C
Immigrant Religion in the U.S. and Western Europe: Bridge or Barrier to Inclusion?

This article analyzes why immigrant religion is viewed as a problematic area in Western Europe in contrast to the United States, where it is seen as facilitating the adaptation process. The difference, it is argued, is anchored in whether or not religion can play a major role for immigrants and the second generation as a bridge to inclusion in the new society. Three factors are critical: the religious backgrounds of immigrants in Western Europe and the United States; the religiosity of the native population; and historically rooted relations and arrangements between the state and religious groups.
The status of academic women in the 1990s No longer outsiders, but not yet equals

Abstract This paper reexamines the status of women in the academic labor market relative to men to determine how much progress has been made in achieving equity. Two questions will be addressed here: (1) do men and women have equal access to faculty employment in higher education, and (2) are they equally successful with regard to traditional career goals and compensation? Analyses are conducted on the educational attainment of women, their representation among faculty, their time allocation and research productivity, and their success in academia as represented by their rank attainment and earnings. While the results show that women have made considerable strides in entering the academic labor market, there is still an unexplained gap between men and women in terms of their earnings and career progression.
Repetition priming and automaticity: Common underlying mechanisms? ☆

Repetition priming and automaticity are both consequences of prior presentations. This article draws theoretical and empirical parallels between them, arguing that they result from a common mechanism, namely, the storage and retrieval of representations of individual exposures to specific items, or instances. Theoretically, repetition priming is viewed as the first few steps on the way to automaticity. Empirically, repetition priming and automaticity are shown to share three major characteristics: (a) The speed of processing increases as a power function of the number of exposures to a specific stimulus, (b) the benefit from repeated exposures is specific to individual items, and (c) the benefit is based on underlying associations between stimuli and the interpretations given to them in the context of specific experimental tasks.
Adolescents in foster care: Predicting behavioral maladjustment.

This exploratory study utilized foster caretakers as the source of information about foster care adolescents' behaviors. Foster care maladjustment was operationalized as the incidence of internal and external maladaptive behaviors reported by the youths' caretakers. Child-related variables and organization-related variables were then used to predict foster care maladjustment. The sample consisted of 152 randomly selected adolescents 16 years old and older in foster care under the supervision of the Los Angeles County Department of Children's Services. White youths and those in group homes/residential settings were more likely to have dysfunction in both areas. In addition, those youths placed at older ages and those who had spent more time in their current placement were more likely to exhibit external maladaptive behaviors. Treatment and service delivery implications are drawn from these findings. The importance of the foster caretaker as a provider of information and as a participant in the treatment process is also highlighted.
PNA versus DNA: Effects of Structural Fluctuations on Electronic Structure and Hole-Transport Mechanisms

The effects of structural fluctuations on charge transfer in double-stranded DNA and peptide nucleic acid (PNA) are investigated. A palindromic sequence with two guanine bases that play the roles of hole donor and acceptor, separated by a bridge of two adenine bases, was analyzed using combined molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum-chemical methods. Surprisingly, electronic structure calculations on individual MD snapshots show significant frontier orbital electronic population on the bridge in ∼10% of the structures. Electron-density delocalization to the bridge is found to be gated by fluctuations of the covalent conjugated bond structure of the aromatic rings of the nucleic bases. It is concluded, therefore, that both thermal hopping and superexchange should contribute significantly to charge transfer even in short DNA/PNA fragments. PNA is found to be more flexible than DNA, and this flexibility is predicted to produce larger rates of charge transfer.
Fig wasps: mechanism of pollen transfer.

The fig (Ficus) is absolutely dependent upon pollination by minute agaonid wasps for development of fertile seeds. In some species of the wasp genera Agaon, Allotriozoon, Blastophaga, Ceratosolen, Elisabethiella, Liporrhopalum , and Pleistodontes , the females possess concavities ("corbiculae") to carry pollen. The New World Tetrapus and some Old World Blastophaga lack pollen-carrying structures and may carry pollen dusted over the body or in the digestive tract.
The Hardness and Wear of Electrochemically Grown Tantalum Oxide

For several metallic systems, including tantalum, barrier (non-porous) oxide layers up to 200 nm thick can be grown quickly and efficiently using electrochemical techniques. The thickness of the oxide layer has been found to be linearly proportional to the voltage applied during the electrochemical growth process. These oxides can cause a substantial increase in both the hardness and wear-resistance of the surface. Ex-situ Micro and Nano indentation testing of the Ta/ Ta2O5 system has clearly shown that the indentation hardness increases with oxide thickness, even for indentation depths much greater than the oxide thickness. AFM imaging of indentations and analysis of nanoindentation curves suggests this increased hardness is due to the oxide impeding the pile-up of material at the edges of the indentation, which changes the geometry of the contact. Tribometer testing of various oxide thicknesses has shown that the oxide plays a similar role in preventing wear, specifically by preventing the transfer of material between the two contacting bodies and spreading the load over a greater area. Thus, the electrochemical growth of Ta2O5 provides a convenient method for providing protective hard coatings.
Three examples of hypnosis in the treatment of organic brain syndrome with psychosis

Abstract Hypaotic procedures with 3 psychotic patients are discussed. Short-term hypnotherapy using a direct authoritative approach resulted in better orientation to time and place, less confusion, some pain relief, and ability to achieve a level of self-hypnosis for 2 patients with cerebral cancer. The other patient, who had an undetermined organic psychosis, benefited from an indirect technique which avoided direct suggestion and emphasized the patients control of her thinking and bodily reactions. She was able to control anxiety and delusional thinking. A trusting relationship with the therapist was developed before hypnosis with the delusional patient was begun. Possible factors involved in the treatment were a positive interpersonal relationship, therapist attitude, and therapeutic goals.
Particle size effects on chemistry and structure of Al-Cu-Fe quasicrystalline coatings

Gas atomized Al63Cu25Fe12 powders of varying size fractions were plasma sprayed onto hot (~600 °C) and cool (~25 °C) substrates using Mach I and subsonic plasma gun configurations. The chemical composition and phase contents of coatings were determined. Furthermore, coatings were annealed in vacuum at 700 °C for 2 h to observe phase changes. It was found that finer particles (e.g., <25 μm) tend to vaporize Al during spraying, which shifts the coating composition away from the quasicrystalline (ψ) single-phase region in the Al-Cu-Fe phase diagram. Coatings deposited on hot substrates were denser, richer in theψ phase, and harder than the corresponding coatings deposited onto cool substrates.
Heat transfer and exergy analysis of cascaded latent heat storage with gravity-assisted heat pipes for concentrating solar power applications

Abstract A thermal network model is developed to predict the performance of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems including cascaded phase change materials (PCMs) and embedded heat pipes/thermosyphons. Because the design of LHTES systems involves a compromise between the amount of energy stored, the heat transfer rate, and the quality of the released thermal energy, an exergy analysis is also carried out to identify the preferred LHTES design. It is found that the LHTES with the lowest melting temperature PCM yields the highest exergy efficiency. However, a cascaded LHTES recovers the largest amount of exergy during a 24 h charging–discharging cycle. Quantitatively, the cascaded LHTES recovers about 10% more exergy during a 24 h charging–discharging cycle compared to the best non-cascaded LHTES considered in this work.
Phase behavior of binary ethylene-propylene copolymer solutions in sub- and supercritical ethylene and propylene

Abstract Temperature-pressure and pressure-concentration cloud-point transitions were measured for solutions of ethylene-propylene copolymer (PEP) in ethylene and in propylene in the critical region. The cloud points were visually observed in variable-volume optical cells up to 200°C and 2000 bar. While UCST, LCST, and U-LCST transitions were observed for PEP solutions in propylene, only U-LCST behavior was observed for PEP solutions in ethylene for the molecular weight range investigated (790–96000 g mol ). Statistical Associated Fluid Theory (SAFT) was used to correlate the experimental cloud points.
Control of Microstructures in the YBA2CU3O7-σ system: 1. Reaction with CO2

Controlled reactions have been undertaken between CO 2 and polycrystalline YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐σ in the temperature range 500°‐700°C. Typical reaction products are Y2BaCu05, BaC03 and CuO. Subsequent processing in O2 (e.g. sintering) results in the formation of liquid phases(s) by peritectic reaction at temperatures of 935‐975°C, well below the incongruent melting point of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐σ (∼1010°C). This “low temperature” liquid phase is shown to have a dramatic influence on the sintering process, and the resulting microstructures. The reactions are difficult to reverse even after extended times at temperatures >900°C. The results give an indication of the effect of adsorbed CO 2 into YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7‐σ powders, albeit on a more localized scale.
A Perilous Progress: Economists and Public Purpose in Twentieth-Century America

List of Illustrations ix A Note on the Notes xi Prologue. Being Ignored 1 Introduction. Professional Expertise as a Historical Problem 7 1. Shaping an Authoritative Community 15 2. Prospects, Puzzles, and Predicaments 40 3. The Mobilization of Resources and Vice Versa 73 4. On Behalf of the National Security State 91 5. Statecraft and Its Retainers 115 6. Statecraft and Its Discontents 148 Epilogue. Being Ignored (Reprise) 185 Notes 195 Bibliography and Reference Abbreviations 291 Acknowledgments 343 Index 347
Application of thoracoscopy for lung metastases

Lung nodules in patients with a history of malignancy usually require tissue diagnosis that will provide prognostic information and dictate further therapy. Patients with a favorable tumor histologic condition and limited tumor burden were often considered for resection. This is usually accomplished by wedge resection through open thoracotomy when the lesions were peripheral. However, complications related to open thoracotomy often exclude poor-risk patients, especially those with impaired pulmonary function. Currently, technique of thoracoscopic resection is opening up new vistas and unimagined options for the thoracic surgeon in the management of pulmonary diseases. With the application of thoracoscopy and small incisions, it is now possible for the thoracic cavity and its contained organs to be thoroughly explored. Our recent experience with the thoracoscopic resection as a primary treatment for lung metastases is the focus of this report. Forty-seven patients with a history of malignancy and new lung metastases underwent this type of resection. Postoperatively, there is less pain, quick functional recovery, and excellent cosmetic healing. It is a safe and promising approach.
The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture

This pioneering study uses the I Ching (Book of Changes) to investigate the role of Chinese learning in the development of thought and culture in Tokugawa Japan (1603-1868). I Ching scholarship reached its apex during the Tokugawa, becoming one of the most popular and influential texts among Japanese intellectuals. It penetrated into many areas of Tokugawa life: politics, economics, religion, natural science, medicine, military studies, and popular culture. The I Ching in Tokugawa Thought and Culture represents a scholarly attempt to expose uncharted research territory, offering new analysis and materials. Many of the primary sources discussed here have never before been used in research or translated into English.
Subtracting the Math: prominin-positive cerebellar stem cells in white matter

A study in this issue describes the first multipotent stem cell identified in the postnatal cerebellum. These cells can generate inhibitory interneurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. They may also be responsible for a class of childhood brain tumors.
Perinatal exposure to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke produces airway hyperresponsiveness in older rats

Abstract Exposing rats to aged and diluted sidestream cigarette smoke (ADSS) throughout in utero and postnatal life results in airway hyperresponsiveness and an increase in pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) in 7- to 10-week-old rats. Since human epidemiologic studies suggest that perinatal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) may be detrimental to the lung function of older children, this study was designed to determine if perinatal exposure alone results in airway hyperresponsiveness and increased PNECs/NEBs later in life in rats. Pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air (FA, n = 7) or ADSS (1 mg/m 3 total suspended particulates, n = 7) for 4 to 6 h/day starting on Day 3 of gestation. Their pups continued to receive the same exposure regimen postnatally until 21 days of age. Thereafter all pups were exposed to FA until about 8 weeks of age. The airway responsiveness of one female pup from each litter was then assessed using an isolated perfused lung system whereby increasing doses of methacholine (−9.25 to −7.50 log mol) were administered into the pulmonary artery and lung resistance (R l ), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), and pulmonary pressure (Ppa) were measured. The number of PNECs/NEBs and mast cells per millimeter basal lamina were determined using immunocytochemical and histological staining and morphometric analysis. Statistics were performed using an unpaired Student's t test and repeated measures analysis of variance. Perinatal ADSS exposure enhanced methacholine-induced changes in R l ( p = 0.02), Cdyn ( p = 0.004), and Ppa ( p = 0.007). At the highest dose of methacholine, R l in the ADSS-exposed lungs was threefold that in FA-exposed lungs. Although total PNEC number increased approximately twofold in the ADSS-exposed animals, this change was not found to be statistically significant. Mast cell number also was not different between groups. These data suggest that exposure to ADSS during the perinatal period followed by 5 weeks exposure to FA induces airway hyperresponsiveness in the absence of a significant change in PNECs, NEBs, or mast cells.
Pressure drop and aerosol filtration efficiency of microfibrous entrapped catalyst and sorbent media: Semi-empirical models

Abstract A three dimensional network of 4–12 μm sintered nickel fibers occupying 2.5–40% (vol.) was used to entrap 5–45% (vol.) aluminum oxide particles with diameters between 90–600 μm. Pressure drop was measured at face velocities of ⩽100 cm/s, and filtration efficiency was measured using polydispersed aerosols of potassium chloride particles from 0.09 to 5 μm (dia.). Traditional models for pressure drop and filtration efficiency use mixing rules when combining two components of different diameters. However, these mixing rules gave large errors because of the significant difference between the diameters of the fibers and the entrapped particles. This study describes semi-empirical models for estimating aerosol filtration efficiency and pressure drop, taking into account the heterogeneity created due to wide diameter variations of the components. An empirical factor accounting for the filtration efficiency due to entrapped particles was added to the single fiber efficiency model by Payet et al. (1992) [15] . An empirical correction factor accounting for heterogeneity due to entrapped particles was needed to fit the data to the pressure drop model developed by Harris et al. (2001) [4] . The modeled filtration efficiency agreed with the experimental results with errors less than 8% for structures with fiber loading from 2.5% to 12% (vol.) and particle loading from 5% to 45% (vol.). Pressure drop model agreed with the experimental results with errors less than 10% for structures with fiber loading from 2.5% to 40% (vol.) and particle loading from 5% to 45% (vol.).
Localization and interaction effects in ultrathin amorphous superconducting films

Ultrathin superconducting films of amorphous Mo-Ge were made that remain homogeneous down to \ensuremath{\sim}20 \AA{}. The expected localization behavior was observed in their resistivity-versus-temperature and sheet resistance (${R}_{\ensuremath{\square}}$) data. A systematic reduction of the transition temperature with increasing ${R}_{\ensuremath{\square}}$ was observed for several compositions, consistent with recent theories of localization and Coulomb interaction effects on superconductivity. Critical-field data provide further tests of these theories.
Delayed Extinction Does Not Reduce Resistance to Extinction Following Intermittent Reinforcement

Abstract Several studies using food pellets as reinforcers have reported a reduction in the magnitude of the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) resulting from the imposition of a delay between the acquisition and extinction. To determine if this reduction in the PREE occurs with other reinforcers, 56 male Long-Evans rats were trained to leverpress on either a continuous or fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement. Half the animals trained under each schedule leverpressed for water reinforcement and half for saccharin reinforcement. Half the animals in the resulting four groups were extinguished the day after acquisition, and the other half were extinguished 45 days after acquisition. A strong PREE occurred for both the saccharin-trained and water-trained rats, and no attenuation of the PREE was observed across the delay period. The previously reported diminution of the PREE, therefore, does not seem to be a general phenomenon.
Model Management Engine for Data Integration with Reverse-Engineering Support

Model management is a high-level programming language designed to efficiently manipulate schemas and mappings. It is comprised of robust operators that combined in short programs can solve complex metadata-oriented problems in a compact way. For instance, countless enterprise data integration scenarios can be easily expressed in this high-level language thus saving hundreds of development man-hours. Here we present the first model management engine that has reverse-engineering support for data integration, which is one of the most pressing metadata-oriented problems. It merges two schemas based on the mappings between them and allows user to correct the result keeping all the mappings in sync automatically. For user it is much more convenient than determining which mappings to correct in order to get desired result. In addition, the engine supports restructuring merging which is important when the sources are structured differently and cannot be mapped directly. While making schema merging fully automatic is not yet possible, our work simplifies and automates this process to make it practical in complex data integration scenarios.
Crystal-field effects in the diffusion of transition-metal ions in silver chloride

The diffusion in silver chloride of divalent vanadium, chromium, iron, cobalt, and nickel is shown to occur by means of vacancies. The high-temperature activation energy for diffusion of these first transition row solutes in AgCl is found to vary systematically with atomic number, dropping from 2.08 eV for ${\mathrm{V}}^{2+}$ to 1.18 eV for ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ and then rising again to 1.88 eV for ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}$. This variation can be quantitatively accounted for by the effect of the crystalline electric field on the $d$ electrons during the solute-vacancy interchange.
Clinical significance and distinctiveness of purging disorder and binge eating disorder.

Objective: In the DSM-IV, individuals with binge eating disorder (BED) and those with purging disorder (PD) receive a diagnosis of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS), suggesting no meaningful differences between clinical presentations. This article compares PD and BED on eating disorder severity and comorbid disorders. Method: Individuals with PD (n = 33), DSM-IV BED (n = 23 with BMI >30 kg/m2, and n = 18 with BMI between 18.5 and 26.5 kg/m2), and noneating disorder controls (n = 35) completed SCID-I interviews and questionnaires. Results: Eating disorder groups reported significantly greater depression, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint and more Axis I disorders compared with controls. Compared with both the obese and normal weight BED groups, PD reported significantly greater dietary restraint and body dissatisfaction. Compared with obese BED, PD reported lower prevalence of impulse control disorders. Discussion: Findings support differentiating among EDNOS based on behavioral presentation in both research and future nosological schemes such as the DSM-V. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:311–316)
Ionic Composition of Sagehen Creek, California, Following an Adjacent Fire

Samples of water from Sagehen Creek, California, were collected at 2—week intervals for 2 years following the Donner Ridge forest fire which burned over the lower part of Sagehen Basin in 1960. Sampling sites included a spring which feeds the stream above the burned area and two sites in the stream, one above the burned area below the spring, the other within the burned area. Analyses included pH, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium. Seasonal variation in ionic composition was observed at both stream sampling sites. In contrast to the constant composition of the spring water for the 2—year period, the summer, streamflow was low and stream ionic concentrations equalled or exceeded those of the spring water. During periods of runoff snow, March to June streamflow increased greatly and ionic concentrations decreased. There was no specific effect of the fire on the ionic composition of the stream. It is postulated that ash constituents were dissolved by light rainfall and leached into the p...
An impact-aware defense against Stuxnet

The Stuxnet worm is a sophisticated malware designed to sabotage industrial control systems (ICSs). It exploits vulnerabilities in removable drives, local area communication networks, and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to penetrate the process control network (PCN) and the control system network (CSN). Stuxnet was successful in penetrating the control system network and sabotaging industrial control processes since the targeted control systems lacked security mechanisms for verifying message integrity and source authentication. In this work, we propose a novel proactive defense system framework, in which commands from the system operator to the PLC are authenticated using a randomized set of cryptographic keys. The framework leverages cryptographic analysis and control-and game-theoretic methods to quantify the impact of malicious commands on the performance of the physical plant. We derive the worst-case optimal randomization strategy as a saddle-point equilibrium of a game between an adversary attempting to insert commands and the system operator, and show that the proposed scheme can achieve arbitrarily low adversary success probability for a sufficiently large number of keys. We evaluate our proposed scheme, using a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) as a case study, through theoretical and numerical analysis.
Changes in retention and polarity accompanying the replacement of hydrogen by fluorine in tetraalkylammonium alkyl- and arylsulfonate salts used as stationary phases in gas chromatography

Abstract Fourteen tetraalkylammonium alkanesulfonate, perfluoroalkanesulfonate, and benzene- and pentafluorobenzenesulfonate salts possessing useful chromatographic properties were synthesized. All salts had wide liquid temperature ranges with an upper column operating temperature limit in the range 160–220°C and yielded efficient column packings. The substitution of fluorine for hydrogen in the alkanesulfonate chain resulted in a general reduction in solute non-specific and proton donor interactions accompanied by an increase in solute electron donor interactions. These findings are rationalized in terms of the weak dispersive interactions for solutes with the perfluoroalkane side chains and the ability of fluorine to effect changes in the electron density of the sulfonate group through its inductive effect. On over half the salts studied retention is shown to depend on both gas—liquid partitioning and interfacial adsorption for a wide range of solutes but the relative importance and magnitude of the adsorption contribution to retention is not simply related to the structure of the salts or the incorporation of fluorine into the anion.
Singularities in Angular Momentum of the Scattering Amplitude for a Class of Soluble Potentials

The analyticity of the scattering amplitude in the variables, energy, and angular momentum is explicitly studied for square well and a class of continuous potentials having a $\frac{1}{{r}^{2}}$ type of core or tail. The trajectories of the poles in the $l$ plane and their residues have been determined numerically.
Immersions and Embeddings of Totally Geodesic Surfaces

The work of Waldhausen, Thurston and others has shown that the existence of an embedding of a closed, orientable, incompressible surface in a 3-manifold is a great help in the understanding of that manifold. Unfortunately many examples exist of manifolds which contain no such embedding. However, it does seem at least conjecturally possible that any irreducible manifold with infinite fundamental group could contain an immersion of such a surface, and this has motivated the study of the question of whether such a surface can always be lifted to an embedding in some finite covering of the 3-manifold. The general question seems to be some way from resolution; the purpose of this note is to give an affirmative answer in a very special case.
Boots on the ground: how to influence your local radiology departments to use appropriate CT dose

Most pediatric CT examinations (as many as 85%) are performed at non-pediatric-focused facilities. In contrast to children’s hospitals and pediatric emergency departments, the number of CT examinations is increasing at these non-pediatric facilities. Compliance with diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for dose has been shown to be poor at several metropolitan centers. Several high-yield interventions are worth exploring in an effort to achieve more optimal imaging care of children, such as electronic transfer of images to prevent duplication of examinations as well as personal feedback to referring institutions on dose, indications and quality by the pediatric referral center.
Sedimentology of Hudson Bay, Canada: ABSTRACT

Bottom sediment distribution in Hudson Bay is a reflection of the water circulation pattern within the bay, tidal currents, and ice rafting. There is a gradual decrease in sediment size from coarse sand and gravel on the west to clay near the eastern coast. Adjacent land topography is not a major factor in sediment distribution since the eastern coast is much more rugged than the lowland area on the west. Ice rafting is an important agent of sedimentation in the shallow regions of the bay, and exerts its greatest influence in the areas off the western coast and around Southampton Island. The large central part of the bay is not influenced greatly by rafting. Organic content in the sediment is highest in the fine-grained material off the east coast. Calcium carbonate content is greatest in sediments of the southwestern portion of the bay, in the region bordered and underlain by Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The surface sediment in the deeper central part of the bay is reddish brown in color. Origin of the red layer, which has a maximum thickness of 8 cm. is due to oxidation caused by the slow settling of ferruginous sediment in highly oxygenated water. This red surface layer is a common feature in the north and has been reported from the Kara, Barents, and White Seas. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1772------------
Salt deformation and decollement in the Firtree Point anticline of Central New York

Abstract Deformation of Late Silurian (Salina Group) rock salt folded with interbedded dolomites and shales on the Firtree Point anticline of the central Appalachian salient has been studied in detail in the Cayuga Rock Salt Company mine at Myers, N.Y. The Firtree Point anticline is a composite feature with second- and third-order size folds upon the major structure. Numerous small-scale doubly plunging disharmonic folds with amplitudes up to 30 m and wave lengths up to 100 m reveal a progressive change in mode of deformation from flexural-slip folding controlled by competent dolomite beds to passive folding controlled by the rheological properties of the salt. The change in deformation mode followed obliteration of the structural integrity and competence of dolomite interbeds which failed on extension fractures formed when individual flexural-slip folds reached a critical radius of curvature. The reciprocal change in relatively active and passive roles of the dolomite and salt was effected during the folding without significant changes in either the inferred environment of deformation or the inherent mechanical properties of the sedimentary rocks involved. Many originally upright, symmetrical third-order size folds were subsequently rotated to inclined attitudes on the flanks of second-order size folds that formed during the sequential development of the Firtree Point anticline. Core hole data reveal a well-defined base of folding within a thick salt bed of the Syracuse Formation. Below this decollement undeformed stratigraphic units show only a southward regional dip of approximately 24 m/km. Creep phenomena in the mine are consonant with experimentally determined mechanical properties of rock salt. Based upon an inferred environment of 0.53 kbar confining pressure and a temperature of 77°C at the time of folding, it is reasonable to suppose that the yield strength of the salt at the time of deformation was less than 100 kg/cm 2 .
Visualization of drug-nucleic acid interactions at atomic resolution. VIII. Structures of two ethidium/dinucleoside monophosphate crystalline complexes containing ethidium: cytidylyl(3'-5') guanosine.

Abstract This paper describes two complexes containing ethidium and the dinucleoside monophosphate, cytidylyl(3′-5′)guanosine (CpG). Both crystals are monoclinic, space group P21, with unit cell dimensions as follows: modification 1: a = 13.64 A, b = 32.16 A, c - 14.93 A, β = 114.8° and modification 2: a = 13.79 A, b = 31.94 A, c = 15.66 A, β = 117.5°. Each structure has been solved to atomic resolution and refined by Fourier and least squares methods; the first has been refined to a residual of 0.187 on 1,903 reflections, while the second has been refined to a residual of 0.187 on 1,001 reflections. The asymmetric unit in both structures contains two ethidium molecules and two CpG molecules; the first structure has 30 water molecules (a total of 158 non-hydrogen atoms), while the second structure has 19 water molecules (a total of 147 non-hydrogen atoms). Both structures demonstrate intercalation of ethidium between base-paired CpG dimers. In addition, ethidium molecules stack on either side of the inter...
Promoting Sustainable Extension Approaches: Farmer Field School (FFS) and its role in sustainable agricultural development in Africa

This paper discusses the concept of Farmer Field School and its role in a multidisciplinary research agenda for sustainable agriculture in Africa. The FFS as a group learning approach builds knowledge and capacity among farmers to enable them diagnose their problems, identify solutions and develop plans and implement them with or without support from outside. The paper suggests that a multi-disciplinary research agenda that will not only aim at technology development but will also seek ways of stakeholder participation in technology development, validation and dissemination. It concludes that this approach will not only increase agricultural productivity, it will also lead to sustainable agriculture in Africa. [IJARD Vol.3 2002: 46-53]
The 61st Symposium of the Society of General Physiologists: Membrane biophysics of fusion, fission, and rafts in health and disease.

The 61st meeting of the Society of General Physiologists took place in Woods Hole, MA on September 5–9, 2007. The theme of the featured symposium was “Membrane Biophysics of Fusion, Fission, and Rafts in Health and Disease.” The symposium was organized by Fred Cohen from Rush University
Brand Synthesis: The Multidimensionality of Brand Knowledge

The increased priority placed on branding by marketers in recent years offers an opportunity for consumer researchers to provide valuable insights and guidance. In particular, in highly competitive marketplaces, marketers often must link their brands to other entities, for example, people, places, things, or other brands, as a means to improve their brand equity. Understanding this leveraging process requires understanding consumer brand knowledge and how it changes from such associations. In this essay, I identify some promising and productive current research on this topic, and I suggest some important issues for future research. I conclude that adopting broader, more holistic perspectives that synthesize the multidimensionality of brand knowledge is critical to advance branding theory and practice, both in general and with brand leveraging in particular.
Cardiovascular Networks Systems-Based Approaches to Cardiovascular Disease

“If there is any area in which a network thinking could trigger a revolution, I believe that biology is it.” — Albert Laszlo Barabasi 1 Traditional biological and biochemical studies deal with relatively few components, allowing intuitive reasoning to guide hypotheses and experiments. For example, a popular experimental protocol in cardiovascular research is to examine gene functions through the use of transgenic or gene-targeted mice. Although clearly informative, it is becoming increasingly clear that such studies alone are not sufficient to explain complex processes such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and atherogenesis. Even a basic behavior, the action potential of a cardiomyocyte, requires the coordinated actions of >20 different ion transporters and channels.2 Perturbing proteins individually will help establish their functions, but it will not provide a full understanding of how they function together (quantitatively, temporally, and spatially). For this, a more global analysis, in which the activities of all of the relevant proteins are tracked over time and then integrated into a quantitative mathematical model, is required to provide a deeper level of understanding of cardiomyocyte dynamics. A new branch of biology, called systems biology, seeks to identify the components of complex systems and to model their dynamic interactions.3 The approach arose in large part as a result of new technical and analytical developments. The Human Genome Project provided a biological “parts list,” and technologies such as massively parallel DNA sequencing, expression microarrays, and tandem mass spectrometric analyses of proteins and metabolites have made high-throughput analysis of biological systems feasible. To deal with the data explosion, novel statistical and other mathematical modeling approaches are being developed. Basically, systems-based approaches involve 4 steps. The first is to define the system to be examined (eg, a cardiomyocyte). The second is to identify the components of the system (eg, the set …
Sleep Duration and BMI in a Sample of Young Adults

We examined the association between sleep duration and BMI in young adults, and, specifically, in possible gender differences. The population-based sample included 955 young men and 1051 young women (mean age = 25.3 years, s.d. = 1.7) who participated in Project EAT-III (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults)-III. In 2008-2009, study participants completed a survey, on which they reported their weight, height, and typical bed and awakening times. Gender-specific regression models estimated cross-sectional associations between sleep duration and weight status, adjusting for age, race, SES, family structure, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and sedentary and dietary behaviors. In multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, an hour increase in sleep was associated with a -0.38 (-0.70, -0.048) BMI in men. Men who slept <7 h had a 1.4 unit higher mean BMI (27.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 26.9, 28.9) than men who slept 7-9 h/day (26.5; 95% CI: 26.1, 27.0). Prevalence estimates of overweight (BMI ≥ 25) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were also inversely associated with sleep duration among men. Sleep duration was not associated with BMI, overweight, or obesity in women. Among women, but not men, there was a statistically significant positive association between trouble falling or staying asleep and mean BMI. Sleep may be an important modifiable risk factor for obesity, particularly in young adult men.
Influence of TSPO Genotype on 11C-PBR28 Standardized Uptake Values

11C-PBR28 binds to the high-affinity state of the translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO). A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs6971) within the human TSPO gene determines the affinity state of the TSPO. The rs6971 genotype determines whether individuals express the high-, low-, or mixed-affinity phenotype of TSPO. The rs6971 genotype corresponds to invivo11C-PBR28 binding, as measured quantitatively by total volume of distribution. However, it is not known whether standardized uptake value (SUV) can detect differences in brain 11C-PBR28 uptake by TSPO genotype. Methods: Thirty-two older adults (71.8 ± 7.94 y old) underwent 11C-PBR28 PET scanning; rs6971 genotype was imputed after genomewide genotyping. SUV was extracted for several brain regions. The sample included 19 C/C carriers (high-affinity phenotype), 12 T/C carriers (mixed-affinity), and 1 T/T carrier (low-affinity) for rs6971. Results: SUV was 30% lower in T/C subjects than in C/C subjects. Conclusion: The results indicate that brain 11C-PBR28 SUV is sensitive to TSPO genotype.
Policy Implications of High School Reform on College and Career Readiness of Youth With Disabilities

High school redesign (HSR) efforts currently focus on helping schools prepare all students to be college and career ready. As these initiatives are provided within the context of high schools, students with Individualized Education Programs are impacted by any effort to reform high schools. As a result, policies designed to improve the college and a career readiness (CCR) of all students should simultaneously improve the CCR of students with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to briefly describe current broad initiatives in high school reform and discuss implications for federal, state, and local policy to enable students with disabilities to fully participate in high school reforms designed to ensure that all students graduate college and are career ready.
Mechanical and structural criteria for orthopaedic implants

(1973). Mechanical and Structural Criteria for Orthopaedic Implants. Biomaterials, Medical Devices, and Artificial Organs: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 575-634.
Estimating potential emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) populations using ash inventory data.

Abstract Emerald ash borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), a phloem-feeding pest native to Asia, was identified in June 2002 as the cause of widespread ash (Fraxinus spp.), mortality in southeastern Michigan and Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Localized populations of A. planipennis have since been found across lower Michigan and in areas of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Maryland, and Ontario. Officials working to contain A. planipennis and managers of forestlands near A. planipennis infestations must be able to compare alternative strategies to allocate limited funds efficiently and effectively. Empirical data from a total of 148 green ash, Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh., and white ash, Fraxinus americana L., trees were used to develop models to estimate surface area of the trunk and branches by using tree diameter at breast height (dbh). Data collected from 71 additional F. pennsylvanica and F. americana trees killed by A. planipennis showed that on average, 88.9 ± 4.6 beetles developed an...