cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ramsey Equilibrium in a Two-Sector Model with Heterogeneous Households

Abstract We prove an existence theorem for a stationary perfect foresight equilibrium under borrowing constraints in a two-sector model with infinitely lived heterogeneous agents. The most patient agent holds all the capital in this solution. We also show that if the capital goods sector is capital intensive and capital income is increasing in the aggregate capital stock, then the aggregate capital stock eventually is monotonic and converges to the steady state stock. If the consumption goods sector is more capital intensive and capital income is increasing in aggregate capital we prove convergence to the steady state under more restrictive conditions. Periodic equilibria are shown to exist under weaker hypotheses. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: D52, D90, E13.
A New Approximation for Effective Hamiltonians for Homogenization of a class of Hamilton–Jacobi Equations

We propose a new formulation to compute effective Hamiltonians for homogenization of a class of Hamilton–Jacobi equations. Our formulation utilizes an observation made by Barron and Jensen [Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 15 (1990), pp. 1713–1742] about viscosity supersolutions of Hamilton–Jacobi equations. The key idea is to link the effective Hamiltonian to a suitable effective equation. The main advantage of our formulation is that only one auxiliary equation needs to be solved in order to compute the effective Hamiltonian H¯(p) for all p. Error estimates and stability are proved and numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the performance.
Polysilane excited states and excited state dynamics

Abstract Femtosecond time-resolved excited state absorption spectroscopy is used to reveal excited states of linear-chain poly(di- n -hexylsilane) about 1 eV and in the range of 3.5 eV above the lowest excited state. A description of the excited state dynamics following optical excitation in polysilanes is presented. The concept of conjugation length is discussed in relation to experiments on the saturation of excited state absorption signals observed at high excitation density.
F0riction losses in coolant flow through kidney shaped gundrill shank

SUMMARY The factor of factional losses for both laminar and turbulent coolant flow through the passages in a gundrill has been investigated. A kidney shaped passage in the tip has been used because it is superior to both single circular and double circular passages. An extensive experimental investigation revealed a considerable deviation from the Blasius relation for circular passages. The concept of hydraulic diameter used to predict friction in circular passages fails to predict the friction in the kidney shaped passage. The results of this investigation suggest that by introducing a concept of a characteristic dimension of the passage cross-section, the friction can be predicted in a relatively simple manner similar to the Blasius approach. Computer fitting of the experimental data resulted in an empirical relation which can be used to calculate the factor of frictional tosses in a kidney shaped gundrill passage for coolant.
Computational Genomics of Noncoding RNA Genes

The number of known noncoding RNA genes is expanding rapidly. Computational analysis of genome sequences, which has been revolutionary for protein gene analysis, should also be able to address questions of the number and diversity of noncoding RNA genes. However, noncoding RNAs present computational genomics with a new set of challenges.
Symmetrically dependent models arising in visual assessment data

Summary. Given data from bilateral visual assessments on N subjects at k occasions, we consider inference for contralateral correlations (C) between fellow eyes and lateral correlations (L) among p different assessments of the same eye. Under permutation symmetric dependence structure between observations from fellow eyes and among observations from the same eye, we obtain maximum likelihood estimates of L, C, and L –- C. Based on the large-sample estimates of the corresponding covariance structures, we test the hypothesis that the association between fellow eyes is constant across time and the hypothesis that lateral and contralateral associations between any two occasions are the same.
Interactive code review for systematic changes

Developers often inspect a diff patch during peer code reviews. Diff patches show low-level program differences per file without summarizing systematic changes -- similar, related changes to multiple contexts. We present Critics, an interactive approach for inspecting systematic changes. When a developer specifies code change within a diff patch, Critics allows developers to customize the change template by iteratively generalizing change content and context. By matching a generalized template against the codebase, it summarizes similar changes and detects potential mistakes. We evaluated Critics using two methods. First, we conducted a user study at Salesforce.com, where professional engineers used Critics to investigate diff patches authored by their own team. After using Critics, all six participants indicated that they would like Critics to be integrated into their current code review environment. This also attests to the fact that Critics scales to an industry-scale project and can be easily adopted by professional engineers. Second, we conducted a user study where twelve participants reviewed diff patches using Critics and Eclipse diff. The results show that human subjects using Critics answer questions about systematic changes 47.3% more correctly with 31.9% saving in time during code review tasks, in comparison to the baseline use of Eclipse diff. These results show that Critics should improve developer productivity in inspecting systematic changes during peer code reviews.
Role of solvent/non-solvent ratio on microsphere formation using the solvent removal method

The importance of good solvent concentration in the non-solvent mixture and the non-solvent viscosity on the ability to form microspheres using solvent removal process was investigated. The higher the viscosity of the polymer solutions, the higher the concentration of good solvent needed in the non-solvent mixture to produce microspheres. This finding was due to faster precipitation of the polymer phase. Also, the addition of a model drug, fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated-labelled bovine serum albumin, to the polymer solution (10% poly-L-lactic acid:poly(fumaric-co-sebacic) anhydride in methylene chloride) resulted in an overall lower polymer solution viscosity (15.5 cP with fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated-labelled bovine serum albumin as compared with 18.25 cP for blank polymer at 25°C). Additionally, the effect of good solvent concentration on non-solvent viscosity was evaluated, and the viscosity decreased as the concentration of good solvent increased. The effect of good solvent concentrati...
Cross two photon absorption in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide fiber taper coupler with a physical junction

Cross two photon absorption in silicon is characterized using a tapered fiber photonic crystal silicon waveguide coupler. There is a physical junction between the tapered fiber and the waveguide constituting a stand-alone device. This device is used to obtain the spectrum for cross two photon absorption coefficient per unit volume of interaction between photons of nondegenerate energy. The corresponding Kerr coefficient per unit volume of interaction is also experimentally extracted. The thermal resistance of the device is also experimentally determined and the response time of the device is estimated for on-chip all-optical signal processing and data transfer between optical signals of different photon energies.
Transgenic approaches to microbial disease resistance in crop plants

Recent progress in the genetic dissection of plant disease resistance signaling pathways has opened a number of new avenues towards engineering pathogen resistance in crops. Genes controlling race-specific and broad-spectrum resistance responses have been cloned, and novel induced resistance pathways have been identified in model and crop systems. Advances continue to be made in identification of antifungal proteins with effects inhibitory to either pathogen development or accumulation of associated mycotoxins.
Small animal imaging center design: the facility at the UCLA Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging.

The growing number of mouse and rat experiments, coupled with advances in small-animal imaging systems such as microPET®, optical, microCAT™, microMR, ultrasound and microSPECT, has necessitated a common technical center for imaging small animals. At the UCLA Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, we have designed and built a facility to support the research interests of a wide range of investigators from multiple disciplines. Requirements to satisfy both research and regulatory oversight have been critically examined. Support is provided for investigator training, study scheduling, data acquisition, archiving, image display, and analysis. The center has been in operation for more than 18 months, supporting more than 13,000 individual imaging procedures. We have created a facility that maximizes our resource utilization while providing optimal investigator support, as well as the means to continually improve the quality and diversity of the science by integrating physical and biological sciences.
DOPAMINE RECEPTOR (DAR) SUBTYPE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN RAT JUXTAGLOMERULAR (JG) CELLS. † 2216A

DOPAMINE RECEPTOR (DAR) SUBTYPE EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION IN RAT JUXTAGLOMERULAR (JG) CELLS. † 2216A
Characterization of the Palmitoylation Domain of SNAP‐25

SNAP-25 (synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa) is a neural specific protein that has been implicated in the synaptic vesicle docking and fusion process. It is tightly associated with membranes, and it is one of the major palmitoylated proteins found in neurons. The functional role of palmitoylation for SNAP-25 is unclear. In this report, we show that the palmitate of SNAP-25 is rapidly turned over in PC12 cells, with a half-life of approximately 3 h, and the half-life for the protein is 8 h. Mutation of Cys to Ser at positions 85, 88, 90, and 92 reduced the palmitoylation to 9, 21, 42, and 35% of the wild-type protein, respectively. Additional mutations of either Cys(85,88) or Cys(90,92) nearly abolished palmitoylation of the protein. A similar effect on membrane binding for the mutant SNAP-25 was observed, which correlated with the degree of palmitoylation. These results suggest that all four Cys residues are involved in palmitoylation and that membrane association of SNAP-25 may be regulated through dynamic palmitoylation.
A GENETIC SYSTEM MODIFYING SEGREGATION-DISTORTION IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER IN JAPAN

A system of suppressor for the SD action in a natural population of D. melanogaster in Odate, Japan was analyzed. Most of the suppressors were located on the X chromosome. Two kinds of second chromosomes were found in the same population, one of which was a chromosome carrying insensitive element to the SD action and the other which inhibits the effect of suppressor. The effect of the suppressor was different for the SD which originated from different populations. The suppressor was located somewhere between the v and f loci on the X chromosome. The suppressor-X chromosomes were found to show slight but consistent meiotic drive, and in relation to this effect, a genetic mechanism regulating sex ratio in the population was discussed.
Biosignatures for Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonian disorders patients.

Diagnosis of Parkinson’ disease (PD) carries a high misdiagnosis rate due to failure to recognize atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD). Usually by the time of diagnosis greater than 60% of the neurons in the substantia nigra are dead. Therefore, early detection would be beneficial so that therapeutic intervention may be initiated early in the disease process. We used splice variant-specific microarrays to identify mRNAs whose expression is altered in peripheral blood of early-stage PD patients compared to healthy and neurodegenerative disease controls. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to validate splice variant transcripts in independent sample sets. Here we report a PD signature used to classify blinded samples with 90% sensitivity and 94% specificity and an APD signature that resulted in a diagnosis with 95% sensitivity and 94% specificity. This study provides the first discriminant functions with coherent diagnostic signatures for PD and APD. Analysis of the PD biomarkers identified a regulatory network with nodes centered on the transcription factors HNF4A and TNF, which have been implicated in insulin regulation.
Aspects of strain measures and strain rates

In finite homogeneous deformation processes, the principal triad generally rotates with respect to a material element during the deformation. The material derivative of the logarithmic strain is no longer simply related to the rate of deformation tensor, and this is exemplified herein. A mathematical procedure is provided for the analysis and the derivations vations are formulated using the co-rotational rate technique in hope, that this technique may be extended to other applications in future modeling. It will be apparent in the article that the co-rotational rate formulation provides a convenient mathematical procedure for handling problems in finite deformation.
SKILL AND CHANCE ORIENTATIONS AS DETERMINERS OF PROBLEM-SOLVING BEHAVIOR IN LOWER- AND MIDDLE-CLASS CHILDREN

This study was an attempt to replicate a previous finding that lower- and middle-class children of the same MA differ in their performance on a partially reinforced three-choice learning task. It was also an attempt to assess the role that skill and chance orientations play in determining this differential performance of social-class groups. The most significant finding of this study was that skill-oriented Ss showed less maximizing (correct responses) and more left, middle, right patterning of their responses than chance-oriented Ss. No main effect of social class was found but an interaction effect did occur that reflected significantly more left, middle, right patterning of responses by middle-class skill-oriented Ss than any other group.
Figure-ground segmentation improves handled object recognition in egocentric video

Identifying handled objects, i.e. objects being manipulated by a user, is essential for recognizing the person's activities. An egocentric camera as worn on the body enjoys many advantages such as having a natural first-person view and not needing to instrument the environment. It is also a challenging setting, where background clutter is known to be a major source of problems and is difficult to handle with the camera constantly and arbitrarily moving. In this work we develop a bottom-up motion-based approach to robustly segment out foreground objects in egocentric video and show that it greatly improves object recognition accuracy. Our key insight is that egocentric video of object manipulation is a special domain and many domain-specific cues can readily help. We compute dense optical flow and fit it into multiple affine layers. We then use a max-margin classifier to combine motion with empirical knowledge of object location and background movement as well as temporal cues of support region and color appearance. We evaluate our segmentation algorithm on the large Intel Egocentric Object Recognition dataset with 42 objects and 100K frames. We show that, when combined with temporal integration, figure-ground segmentation improves the accuracy of a SIFT-based recognition system from 33% to 60%, and that of a latent-HOG system from 64% to 86%.
Miniature angle transducer for marine arthropods.

Abstract A simple, linear, low-cost transducer has been developed for the measurement of joint angles of marine organisms. It is based on using electrodes to generate circular current fields about the joint and detecting the voltage measured on a sampling electrode mounted on the moving limb. This transducer features (1) torque less than 10−3 g-cm/degree, (2) low mass, 20 mg, (3) linearity over 160°, and (4) an accuracy of less than 1° in the linear range.
New test method for obtaining softening response of unnotched concrete specimen under uniaxial tension

A new method was developed to obtain the complete stress-deformation response of an unnotched concrete specimen. This method employs a digitally controlled closed-loop testing machine and five control channels: stroke LVDT and four LVDTs mounted on the specimen. The test portion of the specimen was fully spanned by these four LVDTs. The outputs of these control channels and the load cell were monitored during the test by a computer equipped with LabTech's Notebook software. A ‘C’ language program was written to enable quick switching of the mode of control from one LVDT to another. The problem of uncertainty in the location of the major crack was tackled by the said LVDT arrangement and the computer program. It was demonstrated that it is always possible to obtain stable post-peak response provided one ensures that at any time during the test, the feedback used is the LVDT that exhibits, at that time, the largest slope of the response-time curve. An acoustic emission (AE) measurement system of six channels was also used in the experiments. Monitoring of signals from the AE transducers provided valuable information which helped in making the decision to switch control.
The Ivory Coast microtektite strewnfield: new data

Abstract Ivory Coast microtektites have recently been found in three piston cores from the Atlantic Ocean. In two of these cores, the microtektites occur in a layer above the base of the Jaramillo geomagnetic event indicating that they fell approximately 0.95 m.y. ago. Major element compositions have been obtained for forty-one of the microtektites by electron microprobe and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The geographic location, stratigraphic age and major element compositions indicate that these microtektites are part of the Ivory Coast tektite strewnfield. Present data suggest that the Ivory Coast strewnfield may cover an area of about 4.5 million square kilometers and contain about 20 million metric tons of microtektites.
Phase coupling and spatial synchrony of subpopulations of an endangered dune lizard

Examining demographic phase coupling and spatial synchrony is important for understanding complicated spatiotemporal population dynamics. It is also necessary for protecting rare and endangered species; populations whose dynamics are controlled by resource flux will face increased extinction risk if environmental conditions that drive those resources become spatially synchronized. In this study, we studied the spatial synchrony of subpopulations of the threatened Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard (Uma inornata), on its remaining sand dune habitat in the Coachella Valley of California. Our results indicated that there is a high level of spatial synchrony between lizard density and their mean reproductive effort for two subpopulations separated by a relatively short distance. High levels of spatial synchrony also exist between the mean lizards’ reproductive effort and annual precipitation. We measured spatial synchrony using four separate methods; using different methods allows understanding of complicated ecological interactions.
Preparing and Recording Audio Commentaries

I have now recorded full-length commentaries for four ‘classic’ Italian films: Ossessione (Luchino Visconti, 1943), Il Gattopardo (Luchino Visconti, 1963), Il deserto rosso (Michelangelo Antonioni, 1964), and Il conformista (Bernardo Bertolucci, 1970). Although these credentials hardly make me an expert on the subject, I have learned some lessons about audio commentaries that I think are worth sharing. First lesson: do not risk going into a studio to record a commentary without a script of some kind. It is true that many audio commentaries — usually those done by the film’s director — are unscripted and perhaps even recorded in a single take. Occasionally these are good, but more often they have long sections where the director cannot think of anything interesting to say or just tells background anecdotes. However, this is the person who made the film, so even if they have nothing much to say about it we forgive them for it. Film scholars cannot crave the same indulgence from listeners. I can think of only one case of a really good scholarly commentary on an Italian film that is not closely scripted, and that is Robert Gordon’s on the Arrow Films dual-format edition (2011) of Ladri di biciclette (Vittorio De Sica, 1948). I, however, have increasingly come to use more and more detailed scripts for my commentaries, timed right down to the second. I may want to draw attention to a shot that is on screen for just one or two seconds and it comes in right at the beginning of a scene. I have to find a way of commenting on it either just before it appears, or while it is on screen, or just after, but I cannot place my remarks too much on either side, otherwise listeners may not understand which shot I am talking about. For me, therefore, repeated rehearsal and exact timing — in other words, a pre-written script — are essential if I want to be sure I cover a certain number of points about a film. The first time I did a commentary I had not anticipated these problems. It was the commentary on Ossessione, which I did together with Lesley Caldwell, whose first time it also was. Lesley and I had several meetings beforehand, going through the film sequence by sequence, deciding what we would say and which of us would say it. It was an enjoyable process and we thought that was all there was to it. But The Italianist, 33. 2, 183–189, June 2013
Idler spectral broadening suppression in two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier

We have demonstrated the suppression of idler broadening in a two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier by dithering the two pumps with out-of-phase signals. Idler spectrum linewidth almost the same as signal linewidth is observed.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 53

Experimental data pertaining to the nuclear level properties of {sup 53}V, {sup 53}Cr, {sup 53}Mn, and {sup 53}Fe are compiled, and a set of adopted level properties is presented for each nucleus. The quantity and variety of available information is found to be very impressive, particularly for {sup 53}Cr and {sup 53}Mn. The few instances in which there is disagreement between two or more measurements are brought to the users' attention. For the 121 reported levels below 4 MeV of excitation in these four nuclei, only 22 spins (including ground states) and 5 half-lives (excluding ground states) have been determined. Thus, in spite of the wealth of experimental data, the need for further study is indicated since the paucity of spin and lifetime measurements remains an obstacle to thorough theoretical study. The adopted level and decay properties are based on data received before January 1970. Data received during January 1970 have been Added in Proof.
The Multifaith Campus: Transforming Colleges and Universities for Spiritual Engagement.

Dafina Lazarus Stewart, Michael M. Kocet, and Sharon Lobdell explore what college and university campuses would look like if transformed to promote and sustain religious and secular pluralism and interfaith cooperation.
Hologram: liquid-crystal composites

We describe the formation and selected properties of composites made from DMP-128 transmission holograms and the nematic liquid crystal E7. Analysis of the liquid crystal structure in the composites by polarizing microscopy, refractive index measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry produced two primary observations. (1) Treatment of the interior surface of the porous holograms controls the nature of the liquid crystal alignment; both planar and homeotropic alignment is possible for the E7 composites. (2) Incorporation of E7 into DMP composites significantly reduces its degree of order compared to that for a standard nematic cell.
Significant Unmet Oral Health Needs of Homebound Elderly Adults

Objectives Older adults with serious illness are increasingly becoming homebound. By nature of their homebound status they lack access to basic services including dental care. We conducted a study to assess the oral health status, dental utilization and dental needs of the homebound elderly and to determine whether medical diagnoses or demographic factors influenced perceived oral health.
THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND CONFLICT AVOIDANCE ON RESPONSES TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT

This study used a pretest/posttest design and included a control group to examine the impact of harassment training on intended responses to harassment. The sample consisted of 282 full-time professionals. At time 2, trainees expressed lower intentions to confront the perpetrator than did control-group participants. The simple and moderating effects of conflict avoidance on response intentions were also tested. Conflict avoidance was significantly negatively related to formally reporting gender harassment and sexual attention harassment and interacted with training to predict these outcomes. Practical implications of the results for organizations implementing harassment training programs are discussed.
Sensor Based Randomized Diffusion Planner for Higher Order Manipulators in Unknown Environments

Unknown environment motion planning with no world model is a daunting task, especially for higher order manipulators. Sensor based planning is a dominant trend for planners in unknown environments. However, unknown environment planning, while important, still falls short of practical solutions for higher order manipulators. An amelioration proposed herein is to make use of a ramification of model-based approaches with mobile sensation. In this paper, we demonstrate how randomized planning techniques developed for model-based planners can be adopted to deal with planning problems of higher order manipulators in the midst of unknown obstacles. No other study has reported useful results on unknown environment planning utilizing model-based theories. The proposed planner is rendered to handle cases where non-sequential random sampling or randomized road map generation is infeasible due to the absence of a world model. For simplicity, the classical lattice planner, or incremental grid sampling, is considered with mobile sensation for probabilistically biased searches. For mobile sensation, we introduce a novel collision detection sensor, namely Infrared Proximity Array (IPA), that is designed to enable samplings in an unknown configuration space. The proposed planner together with the IPA demonstrated some useful results on unknown environment planning problems utilizing a model-based sampling approach. As a performance measure of the planner, resolution completeness of the proposed planner is investigated from the topological standpoint as well.
Anti‐fibrotic activity and enhanced interleukin‐6 production by hepatic stellate cells in response to imatinib mesylate

Objective To examine imatinib mesylate's effects on stellate cell responses in vivo and in vitro. The hepatic stellate cell (HSC) is a key target of anti-fibrotic therapies. Imatinib mesylate is a small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor indicated for treatment of chronic myelogenous leukaemia and GI stromal tumours. Design Because imatinib inhibits β-PDGFR signalling, which stimulates HSC proliferation, we assessed its activity in culture and in vivo, and examined downstream targets in a human stellate cell line (LX-2) using cDNA microarray. Methods and Results Imatinib inhibited proliferation of LX-2 cells (0.5–10 mM) but not primary human stellate cells, with no effect on viability, associated with attenuated β-PDGFR phosphorylation. Mitochondrial activity and superoxide anion production were decreased in response to imatinib. cDNA microarray uncovered up-regulation of 29 genes in response to imatinib, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA, which was correlated with progressive IL-6 secretion. Imatinib also decreased gene expression of collagen α1(I), alpha smooth muscle actin, β-PDGFR, transforming growth factor β receptor type 1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2. In vivo, imatinib administered to rats beginning 4 weeks after starting thioacetamide (TAA) led to reduced collagen content, with significant reductions in portal pressure and down-regulation of fibrogenic genes in whole liver. Importantly, hepatic IL-6 mRNA levels were significantly increased in TAA-treated animals receiving imatinib. Conclusions These findings reinforce the anti-fibrotic activity of imatinib and uncover an unexpected link between inhibition of HSC activation by imatinib and enhanced secretion of IL-6, a regenerative cytokine.
Development of a Situational Model for Transformational Leadership

Bass's theory (1985) of transformational leadership is based upon going beyond exchanging rewards for desired performance. Einstein (1994) proposed several steps to bring about the transformation o...
A social project for curriculum: post‐structural perspectives

(1987). A social project for curriculum: post‐structural perspectives. Journal of Curriculum Studies: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 295-316.
Rural credit markets and institutions in developing countries: Lessons for policy analysis from practice and modern theory

This article presents evidence of the failure of government intervention in rural credit markets of LDCs in the past three decades. It then shows how lessons for policy analysis can be drawn from modern theory, particularly those theories focussing on credit rationing in competitive markets and interlinking of credit contracts with labor and land contracts. The article outlines the policy implications of these theories and finds them insufficient to account for the empirical evidence. It contends that a more systematic and rigorous analysis of institutions and institutional environments is essential for understanding and implementing effective policy reforms of rural credit markets. It presents suggestions for undertaking such an analysis.
Raven: Energy aware QoS control for DRNs

Disaster Response Networks (DRNs) are disruption tolerant networks designed to deliver mission critical data during disaster recovery, while operating with limited energy resources. While Quality of Service is desired, it is difficult to offer guarantees because of the unpredictable nature of mobility in such DRNs. The variance of the packet delivery delay (PDV, more commonly called jitter), an important QoS metric which in DRNs is measured in tens of minutes instead of milliseconds, has not been sufficiently addressed in recent research. Smartphones used by first responders generate large data workloads, causing the PDV to further degrade. Reducing packet replication at these workloads will lower energy consumption, but reduces the packet delivery ratio (PDR). The complex interplay between these QoS metrics remains unclear, making their control difficult. We present Raven, a routing protocol for DRNs that offers control over QoS, especially the PDV. Stochastic graph theory which deals with probabilistic edge weights having a mean and variance is used to model mobility in the disaster area. A stochastic version of the K-Shortest Paths algorithm routes data over multiple paths simultaneously. Raven has been thoroughly evaluated in simulation using realistic settings. The dynamics between performance and energy consumption is analyzed mathematically, and its control is demonstrated.
Extremity metabolism in the cachectic, VX-2 carcinoma-bearing rabbit.

The pathophysiology of skeletal muscle loss in cancer cachexia is poorly understood. Immature, male, New Zealand White rabbits (TBs; n = 11) were implanted with VX-2 carcinoma and various indices of systemic and limb metabolism were examined in comparison with pair-fed controls (PFCs; n = 9) and normal controls (NCs; n = 22) fed ad lib. The TBs became hypophagic and experienced reduced growth relative to both control groups (P ⪡ 0.001). At 7 weeks (tumor burden 3-6% of body weight: no metastasis) the TBs had the following statistically significant differences from NCs: anemia, neutrophilic granulocytosis and thrombocytosis, hypercalcemia, hypoinsulinemia, elevated plasma triglycerides and altered plasma amino acids, increased hind limb effluxes of lactate and most amino acids. These alterations were not caused by hypophagin, since the PFCs were normal at 7 weeks with regard to all measured parameters except body weight and limb flow, both of which were reduced. The decrease in flow (P < 0.05) apparently contributed to conservation of skeletal muscle amino acids in the PFCs. Young New Zealand White rabbits implanted with VX-2 carcinoma manifest tumor burden, wasting, and metabolic alterations qualitatively similar to those seen with many human cancers.
Crystal growth of Bi3B5O12 from its stoichiometric melt

Abstract The temperature dependence of the growth rate of Bi3B5O12 crystals from the pure stoichiometric melt has been determined over a 192°C range of undercooling. Analysis of the growth kinetics at small undercoolings indicated a best fit to the surface nucleation model of crystal growth.
Compact X-band high power load using magnetic stainless steel

We present design and experimental results of a high power X-band load. The load is formed as a disk-loaded waveguide structure using lossy, type 430, stainless steel. The design parameters have been optimized using the recently developed mode-matching code MLEGO. The load has been designed for compactness while maintaining a band width greater than 300 MHz.
Possible second case of tricho-oculo-dermo-vertebral (Alves) syndrome.

We report on a 10-year-old girl with trichodysplasia, onychodysplasia, hyperpigmented ichthyoform lesions on her shins, mild enamel dysplasia, and hyperkeratosis involving the soles. This combination of ectodermal defects has only been described by Alves et al. [Am J Med Genet 10:213–218, 1981]. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Performance of hole coupling resonator in the presence of asymmetric modes and FEL gain

We continue the study of the hole coupling resonator for free electron laser (FEL) application. The previous resonator code is further developed to include the effects of the azimutally asymmetric modes and the FEL gain. The implication of the additional higher order modes is that there are more degeneracies to be avoided in tuning the FEL wavelengths. The FEL interaction is modeled by constructing a transfer map in the small signal regime and incorporating it into the resonator code. The FEL gain is found to be very effective in selecting a dominant mode from the azimuthally symmetric class of modes. Schemes for broad wavelength tuning based on passive mode control via adjustable apertures are discussed. 12 refs., 7 figs., 1 tab.
Effectiveness and Mode of Action of Isopropyl Myristate as a Permeation Enhancer for Naproxen through Shed Snake Skin

The effectiveness and mode of action of isopropyl myristate (IPM) as an enhancer for the permeation of naproxen through shed snake skin have been investigated. The highest naproxen permeability was afforded by IPM (36.2 x 10(-4) cm h-1), followed by menthol (25.0 x 10(-4) cm h-1), oleic acid (11.1 x 10(-4) cm h-1), azone (7.3 x 10(-4) cm h-1) and control (1.4 x 10(-4) cm h-1). Whereas the permeability of un-ionized naproxen (47.4 x 10(-5) cm h-1) was much greater than that of ionized naproxen (1.11 x 10(-5) cm h-1), IPM-treatment of the intact skin increased the flux of ionized naproxen significantly more (50-fold) than that of un-ionized naproxen (15-fold). The large effect of pH on the permeation of naproxen through the intact stratum corneum became insignificant after extraction of lipids from the skin. Similar permeation of naproxen through intact and delipidized skin after IPM treatment indicated that the lipid barrier of the skin was largely impaired by IPM. Direct application of IPM to skin yielded a 2.6-fold higher naproxen permeability than the application of IPM as gel. A greater amount of naproxen was absorbed from 1% test gel (pH 5) containing IPM than from 10% commercial gel (pH 7) containing no IPM. These results show that use of IPM can significantly improve the bioavailability of naproxen in topical preparations.
A senior elective designed to prepare medical students for surgical residency

Abstract Background The transition from medical student to surgery internship can be stressful. The goal of this project was to design, implement, and evaluate a 1-month long elective course that would meet the majority of the American College of Surgeons Graduate Medical Education Committee prerequisites for graduate surgical education Methods The major elements of the curriculum included faculty- and resident-facilitated case-based sessions and cadaver dissections. In addition, the students participated in skills laboratory experiences, Intensive Care Unit rounds, and mock interviews and clinical pages. The students took a knowledge pretest and post-test that was compared with the performance of 8 surgical interns on the same examination. Results The highest rated elements of the course were those that provided hands-on experience or practical knowledge. The post-test knowledge examination scores were significantly higher than pretest scores and surgical intern scores. Conclusions It was possible to develop a 1-month senior medical student elective course that provided students with the essential prerequisites believed to be essential for all surgical interns.
An Intelligent Maritime Workplace using IT technologies

IT technologies over the past years have shown a rapid growth, on the contrary this increase of e-commerce and e-work in the maritime industry is not as intense as in any other field. E-commerce and e-work is still at its embryonic stages, however, the annual rate of increase suggest that in very few years this share will have grown dramatically. Thus, it is time to get prepared. The aim of the present paper is to present a new maritime intelligent workplace based weather information system and decision support for high-speed maritime transport. It has been achieved by linking fixed/mobile communications with navigation/positioning, efficient transmission and delivery over the geo-information network. These services will allow the shipmaster to have seamless access to, and interaction with intelligent, customised (route based) rich content multimedia information on the efficient and safe navigation passage for passengers, freights and the environment both on board ship and inland.
On Singular Solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson Equations

A vortex sheet is, loosely speaking, a surface in a fluid such that the normal velocity of the fluid is continuous along the surface but the tangential velocity of the fluid is discontinuous across the surface. Many theoretical, numerical and analytical investigations have been done to try to understand the properties of solutions to the incompressible Euler Equations with non-smooth (vortex sheet) initial data, see [1], [3], [4], [5], [6], [8], [9], [10], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17] and [18] for example. Despite this research, many fundamental open mathematical problems about the nature of these solutions still exist. In order to get a handle on some of these open problems, Andrew Majda proposed that one should study a simpler problem, namely, the one-component Vlasov Poisson Equations (VPE) from plasma physics. Hopefully, insight gained by studying this model problem will provide new insights into the original problems about incompressible fluids. In this paper I will present this system of equations and some connections between the VPE and the vorticity equation for a 2-D incompressible fluid with vortex sheet initial data.
Topical clobetasol for the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare systemic allergic drug eruption with high patient mortality. Currently, no established treatments have been shown to be effective for TEN beyond supportive care. Prior studies of systemic corticosteroids have yielded conflicting data, with some showing a possible benefit and others reporting in increased mortality. However, topical steroids have shown promise for treatment of ocular sequelae of TEN, such as scarring and vision loss. We have designed a randomized controlled trial to evaluate topical clobetasol for treatment of the epidermal manifestations of TEN. In addition, we propose genetic studies to characterize the TEN transcriptome and alterations in cutaneous gene expression that might occur following topical steroid treatment. This split-body randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase IIa proof-of-concept trial will evaluate the safety and efficacy of once-daily topical clobetasol applied to the skin of patients with TEN. This multicenter trial will recruit a total of 15 patients between the ages of 12 and 85 from the University of California Davis Medical Center and Shriners Hospital for Children inpatient burn units. Designated treatment areas on opposite sides of the body will be treated with blinded clobetasol 0.05 % ointment or control petrolatum ointment daily for 14 days. On day 3 of therapy, a biopsy will be taken from the treated area for genetic studies. The primary study aims will be to establish the safety of topical clobetasol treatment and determine the time to cessation of skin detachment for the control and clobetasol-treated areas. Secondary endpoints will evaluate efficacy using parameters such as time to 90 % re-epithelialization and percentage of affected skin at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days. Genomic DNA and RNA will be obtained from biopsy samples, to characterize the TEN transcriptome and identify changes in gene expression after topical steroid treatment. Topical steroids have shown promise for treating ocular complications of TEN, but to date have not been evaluated for cutaneous manifestations of the disease. This trial will investigate clinical and molecular outcomes of topical clobetasol application and hopefully provide insight into the disease pathophysiology. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02319616. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02351037
Sequential Congestion Management with Weather Forecast Uncertainty

En route airspace congestion, often due to convective weather, causes system-wide delays and disruption in the U.S. National Airspace System (NAS). Present-day methods for managing congestion are mostly manual, based on uncertain forecasts of weather and traffic demand, and often involve rerouting or delaying entire flows of aircraft. A sequential decision-making approach is proposed, in which traffic and weather forecast prediction uncertainty is quantified and explicitly used to develop efficient congestion resolution actions. The method is based on Monte Carlo simulation of traffic and weather outcomes from a specific forecast. Candidate sequential decision strategies are evaluated against the range of outcomes to determine the best course of action. Decisions are made based on a quantitative evaluation of the expected delay cost distribution, and resolution actions are targeted at specific flights, rather than flows. A weather-induced airspace congestion scenario is explored using the simulation, and three different levels of weather forecast uncertainty are postulated. Weather forecast uncertainty was shown to affect when and how aggressively to act to solve the congestion problem. Forecast uncertainty also increases the mean and variance of the congestion resolution cost. The simulation can be used both to learn about solving airspace congestion problems, and to do several types of cost benefit analyses. It is also a prototype of a future, real-time, probabilistic decision support aid for tactical traffic management.
Effect of dexamethasone on insulin secretion: examination of underlying mechanisms.

Objective To study the mechanism of increased insulin secretion in response to short-term administration of dexamethasone. Methods Male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with dexamethasone (dexamethasone; 200 mcg/kg body weight per day) or saline for 3 consecutive days. Insulin secretion in response to glucose, ionomycin, and KCl was quantified in islets isolated from the animals, and the amount of glucokinase was measured by Western blot. Results Dexamethasone-treated animals had 1.18-fold higher fasting blood glucose concentration and 6.5-fold increase in fasting serum insulin concentration compared with findings from animals injected with saline. Compared with islets isolated from control rats, islets from dexamethasone-treated rats secreted more insulin at 60 minutes in response to 5.5 mM glucose (416.4 vs 115.6 fmoles/10 islets, P = .011) and in response to 16.6 mM glucose (985.5 vs 520.6 fmoles/10 islets, P = .014); no change in insulin secretion was observed at 10 minutes. Insulin secretion from islets of dexamethasone-treated rats and control rats was not differentially augmented in response to either ionomycin or potassium chloride. Glucokinase expression was not altered by treatment with dexamethasone. Conclusions Augmentation of insulin secretion in response to glucose in the pancreatic islets from dexamethasone-treated rats is preserved in islets studied in vitro. The increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion appears to be mediated by steps upstream to β-cell membrane depolarization and the attended increase in intracellular calcium in the signaling pathway of insulin secretion.
Operational Research in Health Education

Keynote address made at the annual conference of the Society of Public Health Educators, St. Louis, Missouri, October 25, 1958.
Control of electro-hydraulic servo system for a material test system using fuzzy nerual network

This paper deals with the problem of the controller design for the electro-hydraulic servo position control system in a material test system of rock mechanics using fuzzy neural network. Because rock mass is a nonlinear elastic and heterogeneous medium with the ubiquitous micro-holes and micro-cracks and easily broken, its stiffness and damping coefficients are variable during the experimental process. In this paper, the resistant force of the rock specimen is treated as to be a function of time-varying stiffness, which can be estimated during the experimental process. A fuzzy neural network controller with the inputs of the position error and its derivative, and the time-varying stiffness is designed to control the electro-hydraulic position servo system, which is trained by computer simulation of the system with the known parameters. The experimental results of a compressive test on a rock specimen with six loading-unloading cycles show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
P-08MAOA EXPRESSION PREDICTS VULNERABILITY FOR ALCOHOL USE

The role of the monoamines dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5HT) and the monoamine-metabolizing enzyme, monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA ) have been repeatedly implicated in studies of alcohol use and dependence. Genetic investigations of MAOA have yielded conflicting associations between a common polymorphism ( MAOA-LPR ) and risk for alcohol abuse. The present study …
Abdominal fat–water separation with SSFP at 3 Tesla

The ability of the phase-sensitive steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique to distinguish subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in the abdomen at 3 T was evaluated. A phased array receiver radiofrequency coil and a commercially available SSFP sequence were used for imaging. The raw image data were postprocessed to generate fat-only and water-only images. A postprocessing algorithm that is computationally efficient and robust is presented. The postprocessing technique separates the fat and water pixels automatically without any user interference. The feasibility of the technique is demonstrated in vivo with breath-hold abdomen images. The short scan time and the ease of use of this technique are well suited to the quantification of body fat distribution in children.