cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creating the virtual map drawer: Bridging the gap between spatial data infrastructures and map libraries

Purpose – The paper aims to report on a project that was a unique collaboration between a map librarian and a geography faculty member which resulted in the successful creation of set of standard procedures developed for the collection of metadata from paper maps in a library collection for inclusion in the national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI).Design/methodology/approach – Metadata were collected using a set of tools from the USGS and provided to the public for free, and collection was performed by graduate students in geography. The rest of the paper is a qualitative description about the project and applications for future use.Findings – The end result was the creation of a manner in which map collections can become more visible to users and ultimately to the world at large. More than 1,000 maps have been cataloged using these procedures. The procedures created from this project can also be used by any library with a map collection interested in increasing access to map collections by means of ge...
INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY COORDINATION AND TRANSMISSION: A REVIEW

OPEN economy macroeconomics rose in fashion as the General Theory's jubilee neared. Perhaps no concern in open economy macroeconomics is more fashionable than international economic policy coordination, particularly if fashion is measured by the number of important conferences. An outstanding example of such is the June 1984 London conference jointly sponsored by the Centre for Economic Policy Research and the National Bureau of Economic Research. The proceedings of that conference are reported in Buiter and Marston (1985) which in turn provides the immediate impetus to this essay. This essay is not properly a review of that volume, however, but rather a response to a malaise reflected therein and obvious at other related conferences. Aside from a brief editors' introduction and concluding panel discussion by Richard N. Cooper, Michael J. Emerson, Louka T. Katseli, and Stephen Marris, the book consists of eight main papers with two comments on each. The main papers can be usefully separated into two groups: those dealing with international transmission and institutions and those utilizing a game-theoretic approach to analyze international coordination or its lack. W. Max Cordon exposits a graphical model to illustrate why coordinated expansion might be attractive to countries joined by floating exhange rates due to positive externalities in terms of output-inflation tradeoffs. Continuing their ongoing research on the implications of optimizing intertemporal models, Jacob A. Frankel and Assaf Razin demonstrate the theoretical ambiguity of whether the international transmission of fiscal policies is characterized by positive or negative transmission. In their model, whether a government spending increase is permanent or transitory, anticipated or unanticipated, as well as other factors, determines the direction of transmission. Patrick Minford presents and uses an early version of the Liverpool multilateral macroeconomic (simulation) model to analyze the effects of various government policies including most notably U.S. monetary and fiscal policy. In this preliminary version of the model, the builders' priors appear to play an unsurprisingly large role in determining the results obtained. Tomaso Padoa Schioppa demonstrates that the European Monetary System appears to have substantially increased the coordination of policies among its members and discusses the institutions which he believes
Activation of a defective DNA polymerase in a temperature-sensitive mutant of bacteriophage T4.

Abstract When Escherichia coli is infected at 43° with a T4 bacteriophage bearing a temperature-sensitive mutation in the structural gene for DNA polymerase neither T4 DNA polymerase activity nor T4 DNA synthesis is observed. On lowering the temperature to 30°, DNA polymerase activity appears immediately and increases rapidly whether or not T4 DNA synthesis takes place. During infection at 43° an inactive polymerase is synthesized which is converted to active enzyme on shifting to 30° even in the absence of protein synthesis. Sodium cyanide, sodium azide, or 2,4-dinitrophenol prevent the appearance of active enyyme. Conversion of inactive to active polymerase also occurs in cell-free extracts of E. coli infected with this mutant.
A comparison of the zero bias differential resistance of Ag:Nb and Ag:Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4−δ point contacts as a function of temperature below Tc

Abstract Point contact spectra for contacts between Ag and two different superconductors, Nb and Nd 1.85 Ce 0.15 CuO 4−δ , were measured as a function of temperature using a crossed wire-wedge technique (R.C. Reinertson et al., Physica B 165&166 (1990) 1615). The temperature dependence of the zero bias resistance quantitatively agrees with predictions of the theory by Blonder, Tinkham and Klapwijk (Phys. Rev. B 25 (1982) 4515) for normal:superconductor point contacts for all interface scattering barrier strengths observed in this study ( Z = 0.3 to Z = 1.0). The zero bias temperature dependence of Ag:Nd 1.85 Ce 0.15 CuO 4−δ contacts indicates a systematically higher range of barrier strengths and contact resistances than typical Ag:Nb contacts.
In vitro effects of ecdysterone on the spermatogonial cell cycle in Locusta.

The effect of ecdysterone on specific phases of the cell cycle of Locusta migratoria migratorioides spermatogonia was assayed in vitro. An increase in labeling index was noted, indicating a decrease in duration of the G1 phase. On addition of the hormone to adapted organs in vitro, spermatogonial mitotic index increases rapidly, then declines to a basal level within a time period which approximates that of the G2 phase. Such a response indicates a removal of a G2/M inhibition by the hormone.
The Microindentation Behavior of Several Mollusk Shells

An investigation of the relationship between structure and mechanical behavior is reported for mollusk shells employing foliated, nacreous, and crossed-lamellar structures by microindentation in the Knoop and Vickers geometries. Indentation damage zones develop crack systems that reflect the micro-architecture. For the crossed-lamellar structure, the system of cracks about the indentation normally developed in a brittle material is suppressed. Previous reports that shells are harder than the corresponding minerals, calcite and aragonite, are confirmed, but it is found that this effect can be strongly dependent on orientation. This anomalous hardness is not an artifact of the identation test technique, since scratch tests confirm the relative hardness of shell over the mineral. It is suggested that microstructural organization is of central importance in producing this hardness, as opposed to intrinsic properties of the mineral or matrix phases.
Estimation of satellite orientation from space surveillance imagery measured with an adaptive optics telescope

ABSTRACT The use of the matched filter to automatically estimate the pose of a Low Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellite from imagery measured with an adaptive optics telescope is explored. The satellite pose estimation problem is studied for a broad range of atmospheric turbulence levels and target visual magnitudes. Several algorithms which use varioustypes of image preprocessing are examined in an effort to determine the performance bounds on the matched filterfor this application. Results presented here show that under normal imaging conditions, the matched filter approachproposed can be expected to yield correct pose estimations in over 80% of the trials considered. Additionally, it isshown that a significant portion of errors are between two poses that are very similar in appearance, such as viewsof the target about an axis of symmetry. When symmetry-based errors are allowed, correct pose estimations areobtained in over 90% of the cases tested. 1 Introduction Even with the use of adaptive optics, the problem of estimating the 3-D orientation, or pose, of a satellite from a2-D image measured at a ground based observatory is complicated by the facts that atmospheric turbulence blursthe images, and the objects are exceedingly dim. Blurring and noise in the image measurements can make human-based pose estimation time consuming and prone to errors, motivating the investigation of image processing-basedtechniques to automate the pose estimation problem. In this paper we address the satellite pose estimation problem
Measuring Teachers’ Fidelity of Implementation of the Dynamic Geometry Approach

Abstract In a research project funded by the US National Science Foundation, 64 teaches were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group to implement the Dynamic Geometry (DG) approach and a Business-as-Usual instructional approach respectively. As a measure of fidelity of implementation of the DG approach, the DG Implementation Questionnaire was developed and administered to the experimental group teachers six times across a school year. Psychometric analyses were conducted, and established validity and reliability of the questionnaire. A quantitative analysis showed that most of the experimental group teachers were faithful in implementing the DG approach in their classrooms.
h — P Finite element approximation for full-potential electronic structure calculations

The (continuous) finite element approximations of different orders for the computation of the solution to electronic structures was proposed in some papers and the performance of these approaches is becoming appreciable and is now well understood. In this publication, the author proposes to extend this discretization for full-potential electronic structure calculations by combining the refinement of the finite element mesh, where the solution is most singular with the increase of the degree of the polynomial approximations in the regions where the solution is mostly regular. This combination of increase of approximation properties, done in an a priori or a posteriori manner, is well-known to generally produce an optimal exponential type convergence rate with respect to the number of degrees of freedom even when the solution is singular. The analysis performed here sustains this property in the case of Hartree-Fock and Kohn-Sham problems.
Minimizing Residual Vibration for Point-to-Point Motion

This paper describes an appropriately shaped forcing function for moving a dynamic system over an incremental distance with minimum residual vibration. The function is constructed by combining harmonics of a “ramped sinusoid” function so that minimum energy is introduced to the system at its resonant frequencies. A test fixture to evaluate this approach is described and experimental results are given. Residual vibration amplitudes for the ramped sinusoid function are compared with those for a square wave input and a bang-bang function. In practice, the ramped sinusoid achieves nearly an order-of-magnitude reduction in residual vibration amplitude as compared to the square wave forcing function.
Sets of constant distance from a compact set in 2-manifolds with a geodesic metric

Let (M, d) be a complete topological 2-manifold, possibly with boundary, with a geodesic metric d. Let X C M be a compact set. We show then that for all but countably many e each component of the set S(X, e) of points e-distant from X is either a point, a simple closed curve disjoint from ∂M or an arc A such that A∩∂M consists of both endpoints of A and that arcs and simple closed curves are dense in S(X,e). In particular, if the boundary ∂M of M is empty, then each component of the set S(X,e) is either a point or a simple closed curve and the simple closed curves are dense in S(X, e).
Environmental Multimedia Transport (EMMT) Modeling and Its Importance in Environmental Impact Assessment Reporting

With the advent of the National Environmental Policy Act ~NEPA! in 1969, the concept of, and the need for assessing the environmental impact of public works projects supported in part or whole by the federal government became a requirement in the United States. Subsequent to NEPA, it became apparent that the setting of standards would be needed to measure the quality of the air, water, noise, and land environments to assess their potential for adverse impacts to the general population. During the 1970s, numerous mathematical models were developed in much greater numbers compared to prior decades with the purpose of predicting the impact of air and water pollutants on its neighboring respective environments. These models provided environmental regulatory agencies with tools needed to regulate emissions in the respective environments ~i.e., air, water, and on land!. It was recognized even in the first decade of environmental impact reporting that, although the predictive models utilized were useful in regulating emissions, they were essentially single medium in nature. As such, professionals in the respective environmental disciplines concentrated on solving only water, air, or land issues, rather than solving environmental problems as a whole. In effect, if water courses expelled gases to the atmosphere or deposited pollutants to river beds the ‘‘water’’ problem could be solved but often at the expense of the air or soil ~land! environment. Fortunately, with the development of multimedia transport models and the continuing evolvement of the same, environmental engineers and regulatory agencies will be in an enhanced position to more properly track pollutants from their birth to their ultimate location. Furthermore, it will require those who generate
Welcome to the ISA club! Strategies for recruiting and retaining women in ISA

Women in ISA face similar challenges as their counterparts in the more general fields of IT and criminal justice. Women tend to choose ISA less often than their male counterparts and tend to drop out sooner. ISA educators can increase recruiting potential and assist in retaining women by using a variety of strategies. Educators should diversify the curriculum and show interdisciplinary links between ISA and other fields. They should use real-world examples to show the practical use of ISA. Professors should integrate gender-inclusive and gender-equitable techniques into the classroom. Educators should revisit ISA curriculum, and remove or revise gatekeeper courses where possible. Finally, they should implement formal mentoring policies to give women a sense of community in ISA. While these strategies alone will not increase the number of women who select ISA as a major, they are a valuable first step towards leveling the playing field and welcoming women to the male-dominated ISA club.
Coping Strategies of ESL Students in Writing Tasks Across the Curriculum

Writing research has given us few accounts of the writing experience of ESL students outside the English or writing classroom. This article reports a qualitative research study of 5 ESL visa students in their first semester of study at a U.S. university. The goal of the research was to examine the academic literacy experiences of these students in light of the strategies they brought with them to their first academic experience in the U.S. and the strategies they developed in response to the writing demands they encountered in their regular courses across the curriculum. The results of this study give us an in-depth and detailed picture of this group of ESL students at the initial stages of acquiring discipline-specific discourse strategies not in the English classroom but while fully engaged in the struggle to survive the demands of disciplinary courses. In the tradition of qualitative research, this report is at the same time fully embedded in a narrative of these students' experiences, giving us a picture not only of students learning to write but also of human beings negotiating the exhilarating and sometimes puzzling demands of U.S. academic life.
Long-term accumulation of hexachlorobenzene in adipose tissue of parent and filial rats.

Abstract The concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in adipose tissue were similar for Fo and Fib generations in rats fed 20 ppm HCB until 45 weeks of age. Nulliparous females receiving treatment equivalent to the HCB-treated F0 generation rapidly accumulated HCB in their fat and, by 13 weeks of age, the residue values coalesced with values in 13-week-old F1a females which had received additional HCB via the placenta and milk. Between 13 and 30 weeks of age, steady-state storage was approached and no significant increase in HCB concentrations occurred through 65 weeks of age. Postlactation dams, that nursed average size second litters, had considerably lower concentrations of HCB in their fat than dams weaning no pups, suggesting substantial redistribution and/or elimination of maternal stores during lactation.
Optimized glutamate detection at 3T

Purpose: To identify the pulse sequence and acquisition parameters that result in the most accurate and repeatable measurements of glutamate (Glu) concentration in the brain at 3T. Materials and Methods: Simulations were performed to compare the accuracy and repeatability of 11 pulse sequences and acquisition parameters, within four general classes (PRESS, STEAM, Carr–Purcell PRESS [CPRESS] and TE averaged PRESS [JPRESS]), the majority of which were previously suggested as optimal for Glu detection. Three of the simulated acquisitions were implemented in a clinical scanner and measures of repeatability in vivo were compared to their simulated values. Results: Good agreement was demonstrated between simulated and experimentally determined measures of repeatability. Among the acquisitions considered, a CPRESS sequence with minimal echo time, together with, possibly, a short TE PRESS sequence, result in the most repeatable within session Glu measurements, while slightly overestimating the Glu concentration. Excellent accuracy is demonstrated by the simulations for a JPRESS sequence, at the expense of lower repeatability than optimal PRESS or CPRESS sequences. Conclusion: Further proof of concept is presented toward validation of a simulation approach to understand pulse sequence performance in measuring the concentration of a given metabolite. Improved within session Glu measurement repeatability is predicted for CPRESS and demonstrated in vivo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1155–1162. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
PPN6: VALIDATION OF THE 24 HOUR HEADACHE DISABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE (DISQ-24) IN A SAMPLE OF HEADACHE SUFFERERS

OBJECTIVES: The Disq-24 was developed to measure headache disability on a 24-hour basis and was first utilized in a sample of migraine subjects who experienced chronic daily headaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this instrument's psychometric properties. METHODS: The Disq-24 is a 14-item questionnaire with a 6-point Likert-type scale that measures disability with regards to three hypothesized dimensions: family/social (4-item), work activities (5-item), and emotions/feelings (5-item). This instrument was administered in a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial of 170 transformed migraine sufferers. Four scaling assumptions of summated rating scales (equal variances, equal weights, item-internal consistency and discriminant validity) and scale-level reliability were examined using the baseline data. RESULTS: The means and standard deviations of items within each scale were similar. However, item evaluation demonstrated a floor effect in all items ranging from 22% to 66%. Item internal consistency was generally high and ranged from 0.62 to 0.90. Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.93 to 0.95 for the three dimensions and was 0.97 for the total score, exceeding the generally acceptable criteria of 0.70. Although each item was highly correlated with the hypothesized scale, the item-scale correlations did not discriminate significantly with other scales. CONCLUSIONS: Although the Disq-24 satisfied the equal variance, equal weights, and internal consistency assumptions of summated rating scales, item discriminant validity was not supported in the above analysis. This lack of support could be due to the small sample size and/or the existence of a unidimensional structure. The validity of the instrument warrants further testing in a headache population which is not restricted to chronic daily headache patients.
(+)-Maackiain and (+)-medicarpin as phytoalexins in Sophora Japonica and identification of the (−) isomers by biotransformation

Abstract Leaves of Sophora japonica produced the pterocarpanoid phytoalexins medicarpin and maackiain in response to inoculation with the fungus Helminthosporium carbonum . The optical rotation of the phytoalexin samples indicated that the (+) enantiomers were the major optical isomers produced along with a small amount of the (−) enantiomers. This appears to be the first case in which (+) enantiomers of 6aH pterocarpans have been reported as phytoalexins. The presence of (−) enantiomers in the phytoalexin samples was substantiated by stereospecific biotransformations with the fungus Nectria haematococca . The fungus converted optically pure standards of (−)-medicarpin and (−)-maackiain to their (−)-6a-hydroxy derivatives but no 6a-hydroxy derivatives accumulated when (+)-medicarpin and (+)-maackiain were used as the substrates. When the phytoalexin samples from inoculated S. japonica leaves were metabolized by N. haematococca , (−)-6a-hydroxypterocarpans were produced confirming the presence of the (−)enantiomers of medicarpin and maackiain in the phytoalexin samples. Similar analysis of preformed maackiain in root tissue of S. japonica indicated the presence of both optical isomers, as has been reported previously.
Changing life patterns of the resident in long-term care and the community-residing spouse.

Summary Fundamental changes occur in the life patterns of acouple when one of them enters an extended care facility. Each of the life patterns influences each of the others, and changes that affect one member of the couple have a significant effect on the other. With time, situations fluctuate and dependency needs change. With preadmission planning and understanding of life patterns by the nurse, many of these issues can be explored and plans made to deal with them before placement. On-going assessments become the basis for interventions that can help the couple cope with additional changes. Emphasis needs to be placed on periodically revisiting the issues and having the nurse monitor, initiate, and facilitate cooperative, collaborative relationships with in the health care team. Through careful planning, the nurse can assist in promoting more effective adjustments to residential life and can assist the married couple with maintaining a more satisfying relationship.
Edge magnetoplasmons of two-dimensional electron-gas systems.

Magnetoplasma modes localized near the edge of a two-dimensional electron gas with a nonabrupt edge density profile are investigated within a simple classical approximation. Two distinct groups of edge magnetoplasmons are found. The high-frequency modes occur only for finite values of the wave vector [ital q] along the edge; they are the higher multipole edge modes that occur when the magnetic field [bold B]=[bold 0]. The low-frequency modes have frequencies [omega]([ital q]) that approach zero as [ital q] approaches zero. They exist only for finite values of [bold B] and propagate in only one direction along the edge for a given direction of [bold B].
Current readings: Redefining minimally invasive: uniportal video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Minimally invasive surgery is clearly dominating the modern surgical era across multiple surgical subspecialties and thoracic surgery is no exception. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) is a well-established method of performing various interventions, and it continues to gain momentum. Though small differences in VATS methods exist, it is commonly accepted as a non–rib-spreading approach into the thoracic cavity via 2-4 incisions and allows for a wide range of anatomical and nonanatomical pulmonary resections. As more experience is gained with VATS, more complex surgeries take place and greater refinement of the technique occurs. A newer single-incision or uniportal VATS has been described to minimize surgical trauma, to decrease the number and size of thoracic incisions, to reduce the number of complications, and to enable faster recovery. It allows performing a full spectrum of thoracic operations through a single incision adhering to surgical and oncological principles without compromise.
Regional water flow and pesticide leaching using simulations with spatially distributed data

Abstract Simulation modeling of water and chemical movement and techniques of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were used to integrate, condense and summarize the large-scale (order of kilometers) behavior of spatially variable soils to provide management guidance on issues related to pesticide movement in soil. A one-dimensional, convection-dispersion-based solute transport model was used to simulate the movement of four classes of chemicals through layered soils for a 7 km X 10 km site near Albany, New York. The site was divided into a 163 X 112 grid (0.4 ha per cell), with multiple model executions used as a means of incorporating the influence of spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties into the study. Pedotransfer functions based on regression equations were used to relate soil physical properties to the mean and variance of hydraulic properties within each cell. Each model execution used hydraulic properties selected from frequency distributions derived from these parameters. Land use, soil, and slope maps were overlain with a Geographical Information System (GIS) to stratify the grid cells appropriate for modeling. Time series plots for mean and variance of water flux, solute mass, and solute flux were produced based on 25 1-year simulations for each hydraulic group, using local climatic data. Two climatic conditions were analyzed, a very ‘wet’ year (90th percentile of the population of total annual precipitation) and a mean precipitation year. The calculated solute fluxes are discussed in terms of the implications for pesticide management and for estimating potential leaching hazards at the study site.
Phospholemman expression is high in the newborn rabbit heart and declines with postnatal maturation

Phospholemman (PLM) is a small sarcolemmal protein that modulates the activities of Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX), thus contributing to the maintenance of intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) homeostasis. We characterized the expression and subcellular localization of PLM, NCX, and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha1-subunit during perinatal development. Western blotting demonstrates that PLM (15kDa), NCX (120kDa), and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha-1 (approximately 100kDa) proteins are all more than 2-fold higher in ventricular membrane fractions from newborn rabbit hearts (1-4-day old) compared to adult hearts. Our immunocytochemistry data demonstrate that PLM, NCX, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase are all expressed at the sarcolemma of newborn ventricular myocytes. Taken together, our data indicate that PLM, NCX, and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha-1 proteins have similar developmental expression patterns in rabbit ventricular myocardium. Thus, PLM may have an important regulatory role in maintaining cardiac Na(+) and Ca(2+) homeostasis during perinatal maturation.
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome in trisomy 13: How does the mix work?

BACKGROUND Trisomy 13 and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) are both well-recognized multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndromes. CASE In this report we describe a male newborn with trisomy 13 who also has features of SLOS, such as 2/3 toe syndactyly and a shawl-like scrotum. Biochemical analysis was consistent with SLOS, and limited molecular analysis revealed 1 mutation in the DHCR7 gene. CONCLUSIONS The challenges in establishing the diagnosis of SLOS in this patient are presented and the unique coexistence of the 2 major malformation syndromes is discussed. Given the overlapping phenotype of the 2 syndromes, our report should encourage further research on cholesterol biosynthesis in patients with trisomy 13. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Simulation and measurement correlation of random rough surface effects in interconnects

We study the effects of three dimensional (3D) random roughness on wave propagation in a parallel plate metallic waveguide with finite conductivity. The surface roughness is characterized as a random process characterized by root mean square (rms) height, correlation length and power spectral density (PSD) function. The second order small perturbation method (SPM2) is applied to compute the coherent wave enhancement factors of absorption. A microstrip line structure is designed for validation of these enhancement factor results. Rough surface height profiles are measured on the substrate and the PSD is extracted. With the PSD we obtain the enhancement factor for the specific surface roughness. The attenuation constant of the microstrip line with rough surface can be estimated using a field solution for a smooth surface and the enhancement factor. The results for waveguides are also compared with the results obtained for a plane wave incident on a metal surface with 3D roughness. Comparison between the estimated and measured attenuation constant shows that the enhancement factor derived by SPM2 gives a better estimation than the standard Hammerstad and Bekkadal equation. The waveguide model gives more accurate enhancement factors than the plane wave model at frequencies above 20 GHz, especially for rough surfaces with rms heights larger than 2 μm.
Shrinkage estimation for the difference between exponential guarantee time parameters

This paper studies the shrinkage estimation for the difference between location parameters of exponential distributions when it is suspected but uncertain whether the two parameters are equal. A pre-test estimator and a shrinkage estimator after pre-test are proposed. Both the suboptimal levels of significance for the pre-test estimator in a special case and suboptimal values of shrinkage coefficients for the shrinkage estimator are obtained based on a regret function.
Obesity and lymphatic mapping with sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer.

Abstract Background With increasing sentinel lymph node experience, patient subsets associated with lower success rates are being identified. Obesity may be one such subset. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of breast cancer patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy from March 1997 to September 2002. Factors examined included demographics, body mass index (BMI), breast size, tumor characteristics, lymphoscintigraphy drainage, and success of mapping. Chi-square and exact P values were used for statistical analysis. Results One hundred seventy-four breast cancer patients had sentinel lymph node biopsy. Sixty-seven patients were normal weight (BMI 29.9). Failure to identify a sentinel lymph node and the false negative rate were not statistically different ( P = 0.7783 and P = 0.9290, respectively) among the three groups. Conclusions Obesity has no significant effect on sentinel node identification rate or false negative rate.
Flexible and robust co-regularized multi-domain graph clustering

Multi-view graph clustering aims to enhance clustering performance by integrating heterogeneous information collected in different domains. Each domain provides a different view of the data instances. Leveraging cross-domain information has been demonstrated an effective way to achieve better clustering results. Despite the previous success, existing multi-view graph clustering methods usually assume that different views are available for the same set of instances. Thus instances in different domains can be treated as having strict one-to-one relationship. In many real-life applications, however, data instances in one domain may correspond to multiple instances in another domain. Moreover, relationships between instances in different domains may be associated with weights based on prior (partial) knowledge. In this paper, we propose a flexible and robust framework, CGC (Co-regularized Graph Clustering), based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), to tackle these challenges. CGC has several advantages over the existing methods. First, it supports many-to-many cross-domain instance relationship. Second, it incorporates weight on cross-domain relationship. Third, it allows partial cross-domain mapping so that graphs in different domains may have different sizes. Finally, it provides users with the extent to which the cross-domain instance relationship violates the in-domain clustering structure, and thus enables users to re-evaluate the consistency of the relationship. Extensive experimental results on UCI benchmark data sets, newsgroup data sets and biological interaction networks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Energy storage markets, application and value analysis

A confluence of industry drivers including increased deployment of renewable generation, cost for managing grid peak demands, and capital investments in grid infrastructure for reliability and smart grid initiatives are creating a new interest in electric energy storage systems. This paper will review the role and value of energy storage systems to the electric grid. It will present findings from EPRI's research in 2009, which examined the current markets and applications for electric energy storage systems in the U.S.
Regioselective, Diastereoselective, and Enantioselective Lithiation−Substitution Sequences: Reaction Pathways and Synthetic Applications

Organolithium chemistry is broadly integrated and widely applied in studies that bridge inorganic, physical, organic, and theoretical chemistry.1 Reactions with organolithium species as reagents, reactants, or intermediates are so well established that organolithiums are the most widely used organometallics in contemporary organic chemistry. Deprotonative lithiations are commonly used to generate enolates, ylides, and dipole-stabilized, localized sp2 or sp or delocalized carbanions as reactive intermediates for diverse applications.2 A sequence in which a proton on a tetrahedral carbon is replaced by a substituent begins with removal of a proton from 1 to give the formally sp3 organolithium 2. Reaction of 2 with an electrophile subsequently provides 3.
Why and How Socioeconomic Factors Should Be Used in Selective College Admissions.

This chapter describes and discusses the socioeconomic factors pressing for consideration in selective college admission policies and processes. It also presents an institutional example of using socioeconomic factors in a selective college admission process.
Disentangling biological signaling networks by dynamic coupling of signaling lipids to modifying enzymes

An unresolved problem in biological signal transduction is how particular branches of highly interconnected signaling networks can be decoupled, allowing activation of specific circuits within complex signaling architectures. Although signaling dynamics and spatiotemporal mechanisms serve critical roles, it remains unclear if these are the only ways cells achieve specificity within networks. The transcription factor Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) is an excellent model to address this question, as it forms dynamic complexes with several chemically distinct lipid species (phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines and sphingolipids). This property is important since lipids bound to SF-1 are modified by lipid signaling enzymes (IPMK & PTEN), regulating SF-1 biological activity in gene expression. Thus, a particular SF-1/lipid complex can interface with a lipid signaling enzyme only if SF-1 has been loaded with a chemically compatible lipid substrate. This mechanism permits dynamic downstream responsiveness to constant upstream input, disentangling specific pathways from the full network. The potential of this paradigm to apply generally to nuclear lipid signaling is discussed, with particular attention given to the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and their phospholipid ligands.
A videotape intervention for sexual counseling after myocardial infarction.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the development and testing of a videotape intervention for sexual counseling after myocardial infarction (MI). Intervention: A videotape was developed as a research intervention for sexual counseling after MI. The concepts of sexual integrity, quality of life, and stress and coping were key concepts underpinning the intervention. This article describes the development of the videotape and its content, including considerations for planning, testing, and producing a videotape for research. The videotape intervention is currently being used in a study of patients with MI who are pretested while hospitalized and posttested at 1, 3, and 5 months after MI. Subjects in the treatment group receive the videotape to view in the privacy of their home. Control subjects receive the videotape after the 5-month follow-up period. All subjects receive the usual written and verbal instructions while hospitalized. Outcome Measures: The 5 outcome variables tested in the study with the videotape are quality of life, knowledge, anxiety, sexual satisfaction, and return to sexual activity. Conclusion: The use of a videotape intervention in the home setting provides an additional method of patient education. This approach appears ideal for this sensitive topic. (Heart Lung® 2002;31:348-54.)
INTENSITY AND RESOLUTION IN THE TIME-OF-FLIGHT METHOD FOR NEUTRON DIFFRACTION

Abstract Expressions are derived for the integrated intensities of reflections from powders and single crystals in the time-of-flight method for neutron diffraction. The effect of collimator divergence angle on the intensity and resolution is discussed and it is shown that a fixed Bragg angle of 2 θ = 90° is favored for general applications with powders. Experimental and theoretical values of resolution are compared and contrasted with the resolution obtainable from the double axis spectrometer. It is shown that for comparable measuring times the time-of-flight method gives superior resolution for reflections from large interplanar spacings.
The DNA [adenine-N6]methyltransferase (Dam) of bacteriophage T4.

A functional bacteriophage T4 dam+ gene, which specifies a DNA [adenine-N6]methyltransferase (Dam), was cloned on a 1.8-kb HindIII fragment [Schlagman and Hattman, Gene 22 (1983) 139-156]. Sequence analysis [Macdonald and Mosig, EMBO J. 3 (1984) 2863-2871] revealed two overlapping in-phase open reading frames (ORFs). The 5' proximal ORF initiates translation at an AUG and encodes a 30-kDa polypeptide, whereas the downstream ORF initiates translation at a GUG and encodes a 26-kDa polypeptide. Analysis of BAL 31 deletions in our original dam+ clone has verified that at least one of these overlapping ORFs, in fact, encodes T4 Dam. To investigate where T4 Dam translation is initiated, we have constructed plasmids in which a tac or lambda PL promoter is placed 5' to either the longer ORF or just the shorter ORF. Only clones which contain a promoter in front of the longer ORF produce active T4 Dam. This indicates that the 26-kDa polypeptide alone cannot be T4 Dam. Additional experiments suggest that only the 30-kDa polypeptide is required for enzyme activity and that the shorter ORF is not translated in plasmid-carrying cells. We also present evidence that T4 Dam is capable of methylating 5'-GATC-3', GATm5C, and GAThmC sequences; non-canonical sites (e.g., GACC) are also methylated, but much less efficiently.
Effective diffusivities in zeolites 1. Aromatics in ZSM-5 crystals

Abstract Real or apparent inconsistenceis of up to several orders of magnitude exist in reported diffusivities of zeolites. Some are caused by differences in definition, usage, and methodologies in their determination. Some result from operating conditions involving transport mechanisms deviating from a strictly stochastic process. Diffusivities effective in non-steady-state methods of determination (e.g., uptake diffusivities) can be translated into diffusivities applicable to characterization of catalytic (i.e., to steady-state) behavior. For ortho -xylene and other aromatic molecules in ZSM-5, the magnitude of these diffusivities follows the expectations of shape selectivity; i.e., they decrease systematically with increasing effective minimum dimension of the molecules. These diffusivities are found to be invariant in both temperature and for a 360-fold variation in applied concentration. A mechanistic model for activated zeolite diffusion, involving inernalized molecules of more than one type (energy level), is suggested to be useful in future considerations of the relationship of intrinsic and effective diffusivities and their activation energies to shape, structure, and molecular mechanism.
A Novel In Vitro Assay of Tumor-Initiating Cells in Xenograft Prostate Tumors

BACKGROUND The field of prostate cancer has been stymied by the difficulty of cultivating patient-derived samples in the laboratory. In order to help circumvent this challenge, we sought to develop an in vitro assay of human prostate cancer initiation employing a prostate-associated mesenchymal feeder layer. METHODS Rat seminal vesicle mesenchyme (rSVM) harvested from male neonatal rats was plated in 12-well plates and then irradiated with 30 Gy after ∼75% confluence. Single-cell suspensions of two human non-adherent prostate cancer xenograft lines (TRPC and LAPC9) were then plated on irradiated rSVM. At 3–4 weeks, three-dimensional solid structures, termed glandoids, were harvested and analyzed or transplanted singly into the renal capsule of immunodeficient mice. Animals were assessed for tumor formation 8–12 weeks after engraftment. Finally, clonality assays were performed to determine whether glandoids usually arise from a single cell and are therefore clonal in origin. RESULTS Glandoids form with reliable frequency (1/∼300 plated cells), are constituted by relevant cell types (CK8+, CK5−, PSA+) and after implantation into immunocompromised mice, give rise to tumors that recapitulate original xenograft histology and cell composition; defining a glandoid as a tumor-initiating unit. In addition, assessment of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-labeled glandoids revealed either all red or non-red structures, with few areas of fusion, suggesting glandoids are clonal in origin. CONCLUSIONS The above assay describes an adjunct technique to readily cultivate cells from prostate cancer xenografts in vitro and as such provides a platform on which tumor-initiating cell studies and high-throughput drug discovery may be performed. Prostate 70: 1379–1387, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Meaning of the Qur'anic Word ‘dābba’: ‘Animals’ or ‘Nonhuman Animals’?

The word dābba (‘animal’), both in its singular and plural (dawābb) forms, occurs in the Qur'an a total of eighteen times. In its Qur'anic context, dābba is often understood by Arabic mufassirūn, English-language translators and other Islamic scholars as a reference to nonhuman animals only, the implication being that the Islamic scripture does not consider humans to be part of the animal world. However, analysis of the Qur'anic contexts in which the animal concept is treated indicates that this scripture subscribes to the etymological (rather than the conventional) meaning of this word: any being that produces intentional movement, the primary meaning of the verb dabba, is a dābba. Thus, the so-called rational beings (humans, angels and jinn) are part of the animal world, an understanding that is plainly expressed in many medieval Arabic lexicons whose definitions are shaped by the Qur'anic treatment of the animal concept. Furthermore, evidence from within the Qur'anic text indicates that it seems to avo...
Intra-oral Effects on Acid-softened Enamel of NaF Lozenges Administered in Divided Daily Doses

The purpose of this investigation was to study the intra-oral effects of multiple daily applications of NaF lozenges upon acid-softened enamel. Bovine enamel slabs were softened with 0.1 mol/L lactate buffer at pH 4.0 for 14 hrs and subsequently mounted in a mandibular removable Hawley appliance. Control slabs were worn for seven days by eight adult male subjects who brushed their natural dentition daily with a fluoride-free dentifrice. Test slabs were exposed to one 0.55-mg NaF lozenge (0.25 mg F) 4x/day for seven days and the natural dentition brushed with a fluoride-free dentifrice. The efficacy of 0.25-mg F lozenges used 4x/day over that of a 1-mg F lozenge administered 1x/day was established by a pilot study with two subjects. Microhardness testing was performed after intra-oral exposure (IOE) and following immersion in 0.01 mol/L lactate buffer containing Ca and P04 for 24 hrs at a pH of 4.0. Fluoride uptake was measured on separate control and test slabs after KOH wash and after acid-resistance-tes...
Development and optimization of microsatellite DNA primers for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus)

We developed 22 microsatellite loci for boreal owls (Aegolius funereus). We genotyped 275 unrelated boreal owls (Aegolius f. richardsoni) and 36 unrelated Tengmalm's owls (Aegolius f. funereus) using seven loci that were polymorphic and did not have detectable null alleles. Among North American and Scandinavian boreal owls, respectively, allelic diversity ranged from three to 11 alleles and from one to 11 alleles, observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.31 to 0.80 and from 0.00 to 0.81, and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.28 to 0.81 and from 0.00 to 0.81. These markers appeared to amplify DNA in six other Strigidae species.
STRUCTURALLY PRESERVED FOSSIL PLANTS FROM ANTARCTICA. IV. TRIASSIC OVULES

Small, anatomically preserved ovules are described from specimens collected at Fremouw Peak in the central Transantarctic Mountains. The ovules occur within a silicified peat in the upper part of the Fremouw Formation, which is considered to be Early to Middle Triassic. Ovules are radially symmetrical and ovoid, with an integument that consists of a narrow endotesta and a complex sclerotesta. The bilayered nucellus has a characteristic scalloped appearance and is attached to the integument only at the base. Of 43 ovules examined, 50 to 60% contain cellular megagametophyte tissue. One specimen contains a possible archegonium with embryo. Although the ovules have not been found attached, their possible affinities are discussed in relation to the known flora from this locality and other, comparable-aged floras
Age Estimation of Prehistoric Pigs (Sus scrofa) by Molar Eruption and Attrition

Abstract Dental criteria based on established molar eruption and attrition sequences are useful in estimating the ages of pigs ( Sus scrofa ) represented in archaeologically recovered faunal samples. Building upon methodology developed by A. Grant for the age estimation analysis of pig demimandibles, this study presents a reliable method for the analysis of individual molars. The method is widely applicable because isolated molars are easily identifiable, in addition to being relatively abundant and well preserved in faunal assemblages containing pig remains. Overlapping stages of tooth formation and eruption during the first two years of life make pig molars ideal for constructing age profiles when these are based on relatively broad age groups. Application of this method is demonstrated through the case study analysis of individual pig teeth excavated from the Hanamiai Dune archaeological site in the Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia). The Hanamiai data reveal a high frequency of sub-adult age pigs (greater than 5-8 months but not more than about 10-14 months old).