cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the scintillation response of natural crystals of anglesite (PbSO4) and cerussite (PbCO3)

Abstract A comparative study of the scintillation response of natural crystals of anglesite (PbSO4) and cerussite (PbCO3) to γ-rays in the MeV region is presented. In both cases, the fast components of the light outputs have observed time constants
Absolute transition probabilities in NbI and Hfl and a solution to the problem of missing infrared branches

Abstract Accurate branching ratios and absolute transition probabilities for 320 lines in NbI and 187 lines in HfI are reported. A technique is developed for testing the completeness of emission branching ratios and, if necessary, determining the total transition probability of unknown infrared (IR) branches. The technique is based on a comparison of non-IR fluorescence produced by laser excitation to two upper levels from the same lower level. There are no important IR branches beyond 1.0 μm from any of the NbI levels studied. Several HfI levels show strong IR branches that account for most of the radiative decay from these levels.
THE POWER OF THE QUILL: EPISTOLARY TECHNIQUE IN RICHARDSON'S PAMELA

Pamela (1740) de Samuel Richardson, considerada uma das primeiras e mais importantes obras do genero "romance epistolar", consiste de uma colecao de cartas e entradas em diario escritas por uma servical que, ao final do romance, encontra-se em uma posicao social elevada. Nesse estudo, procuro ilustrar os procedimentos sutis, mas contundentes, do formato epistolar observado em Pamela, bem como demonstrar como o ato de escrever diarios por parte da protagonista alavanca a sua auto-estima e, por consequencia, seu nivel socio-economico. Ao escrever em seu diario, Pamela foge temporariamente de suas responsabilidades socio-familiares a fim de refletir e melhorar seu bem-estar psicologico. E dessa forma que Pamela define e reflete toda a intimidade de sua personalidade. Eu ainda demonstro que a tecnica epistolar richardsoniana habilmente sustenta nao so a estrutura da narrativa, mas tambem, de certa forma, a existencia fragil da personagem. O ato de escrever cartas ajuda a protagonista a ordenar a sua vida assim como a recordar o passado. As suas correspondencias se constituem na unica forma de relembrar esse passado. Essa curiosa abordagem da narrativa, no contexto literario de sua epoca, seria melhor traduzida nas palavras de Nancy Armstrong (1987) como "algo que foge da ficcao habitual, um romance que nao trilha os padroes vigentes." A magnitude do exito literario de Richardson deve ser vista como um modelo de como a sua tecnica narrativa se propos a revelar muito mais acerca de sua heroina e sua historia do que uma consistencia com os padroes narrativos encontrados na Europa do seculo XVIII.
Mercury: a scalable publish-subscribe system for internet games

Today's network games suffer from scalability and performance limitations caused by centralized client-server architectures and/or broadcast communication. In this paper, we argue that the communication between components of a game can be modeled as a publish-subscribe system. We present the design of MERCURY, a completely distributed publish-subscribe system, which supports a content-based publish-subscribe model of communication and performs distributed matching using a novel content-based routing protocol. We also present preliminary simulation results identifying key design decisions affecting the scalability and network efficiency of the system.
The Aramaic Origin of the Gospel of John

In the numerous discussions of the Greek of New Testament documents with reference to the question of translation from Aramaic originals, the Fourth Gospel has generally been left out of account. The language of the Synoptists has been examined very diligently from this point of view, especially during the past two or three decades, and at least one competent Semitic scholar has published material of high importance. Wellhausen, in his “Evangelium Marci” (1903) and especially in his “Einleitung in die Drei Ersten Evangelien” (1905; 2d ed., 1911), argued, perhaps not quite conclusively, for an Aramaic original of our Gospel of Mark; and he and many others have discussed, in a somewhat desultory fashion, the question of possible written Semitic sources for portions of Matthew and Luke. To the majority of New Testament scholars it probably would seem superfluous, to many perhaps even ridiculous, to raise similar queries in regard to John, whether it be proposed to regard it as a formal translation, from beginning to end, or as “based on Semitic sources”—whatever this vague and unprofitable formula may mean. Since the time when the origin and authorship of the book first began to be discussed, its essentially Hellenistic character has rarely been questioned. It is generally taken for granted at the present day, even by those scholars who are most inclined to look for “translation Greek” in the New Testament. The reasons for this are obvious, and good as far as they go.
Efficient Hydride-Assisted Isomerization of Alkenes via Rhodium Catalysis

We find that alkenes isomerize rapidly in the presence of catalytic amounts of a hydroborating reagent and a rhodium compound. The hydroborating reagent is apparently responsible for the in situ generation of a metal hydride species, which has been implicated to account for the stepwise migration of the double bond. Labeling studies reveal a high degree of reversibility in the catalytic cycle. A mechanism involving reversible alkene metal hydride insertion followed by β-hydride elimination is consistent with our data. Generally, the final product favors the thermodynamic equilibrium mixture of isomeric alkenes. The methodology provides for an efficient and economical route to alkene isomerization.
Courage, creativity, and cost‐effectiveness: The challenge for a psychiatric program administration

Assessing trends, designing strategies, and implementing plans are essential to competent and creative administration.
Preparation of α‐Amino Acids by Oxidative Oxazoline–Oxazinone Rearrangement–Hydrogenation (OOOH). Scope and Limitations

The range and scope of the oxidative oxazoline-oxazinone rearrangement-hydrogenation sequence (OOOH)--a short, direct asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acids from carboxylic acids--was explored. The highest yet reported diastereoselectivity for hydrogenation of the oxazinone C=N bond (d.r.=>80:1) is disclosed and rationalized with the aid of ab initio molecular calculations.
Gestural sense-making: hand gestures as intersubjective linguistic enactments

The ubiquitous human practice of spontaneously gesturing while speaking demonstrates the embodiment, embeddedness, and sociality of cognition. The present essay takes gestural practice to be a paradigmatic example of a more general claim: human cognition is social insofar as our embedded, intelligent, and interacting bodies select and construct meaning in a way that is intersubjectively constrained and defeasible. Spontaneous co-speech gesture is markedly interesting because it at once confirms embodied aspects of linguistic meaning-making that formalist and linguistic turn-type philosophical approaches fail to appreciate, and it also forefronts intersubjectivity as an inherent and inherently normative dimension of communicative action. Co-speech hand gestures, as linguistically meaningful speech acts, demonstrate both sedimentation and spontaneity (in the sense of Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s dialectic of linguistic expression (2002)), or features of convention and nonconvention in a Gricean sense (1989). Yet neither pragmatic nor classic phenomenological approaches to communication can accommodate the practice of co-speech hand gesturing without some rehabilitation and reorientation. Pragmatic criteria of intersubjectivity, normativity, and rationality need to confront the non-propositional and nonverbal meaning-making of embodied encounters. Phenomenological treatments of expression and intersubjectivity must consider the normative nature of high-order social practices like language use. Reciprocally critical exchanges between these traditions and gesture studies yield an improved philosophy that treats language as a multi-modal medium for collaborative meaning achievement. The proper paradigm for these discussions is found in enactive approaches to social cognition. Co-speech hand gestures are first and foremost emergent elements of social interaction, not the external whirring of an isolated internal consciousness. In contrast to current literature that frequently presents gestures as uncontrollable bodily upsurge or infallible imagistic phenomenon that drives and dances with verbal or “linguistic” convention (McNeill 1992, 2005), I suggest that we study gestures as dynamic, embodied, and shared tools for collaborative sense-making.
Changes in mucosal and venous histamine concentrations during instillation of ethanol in the canine stomach.

Histamine concentrations in the gastric mucosa, gastric vein blood, and gastric contents were measured after instillation of 300 ml of 40%, 20% and 12.5%, vol/vol, ethanol intragastrically for 30 min in anesthetized dogs. The mean histamine concentration in the gastric mucosa, gastric vein blood, and gastric contents in dogs treated with 40% ethanol was significantly higher than in dogs treated with sodium chloride (NaCl). Serial studies of the gastric vein blood of the ethanol-treated dogs showed significant elevation of histamine concentrations for 2 hr after instillation of 40% ethanol, but less increases at 20 and 30 min after instillation of 12.5% and 20%, respectively. No change was observed after administration of 50% glucose and 25% mannitol. Morphologically, the gastric mucosa of the ethanol-treated dogs was edematous, congested and hemorrhagic. The severity of these changes increased with the concentration used. The mucosa of the dogs treated with sodium chloride, glucose, or mannitol was normal. The factors that may underlie the increase in histamine concentrations in the gastric vein blood and the possible relation of such an increase to the morphologic alterations are discussed.
Photoabsorption spectra of gaseous CF3NO, CCI3NO, and CCI3NO2

Abstract The visible and near ultraviolet spectra of gaseous CF3NO, CCl3NO, and CCl3NO2 were quantitatively investigated at 295 K. Atmospheric photodissociation lifetimes of CF3NO and CCL3NO are roughly independent of altitude and are approximately 2 and 12 min, respectively. CCl3NO2 has no visible spectrum and therefore its lifetime changes significantly with altitude (e.g. 4.8 and 2.1 h at 0 and 30 km, respectively).
Involvement of co-repressor LUH and the adapter proteins SLK1 and SLK2 in the regulation of abiotic stress response genes in Arabidopsis

During abiotic stress many genes that are important for growth and adaptation to stress are expressed at elevated levels. However, the mechanisms that keep the stress responsive genes from expressing under non stress conditions remain elusive. Recent genetic characterization of the co-repressor LEUNIG_HOMOLOG (LUH) and transcriptional adaptor proteins SEUSS-LIKE1 (SLK1) and SLK2 have been proposed to function redundantly in diverse developmental processes; however their function in the abiotic stress response is unknown. Moreover, the molecular functions of LUH, SLK1 and SLK2 remain obscure. Here, we show the molecular function of LUH, SLK1 and SLK2 and the role of this complex in the abiotic stress response. The luh, slk1 and slk2 mutant plants shows enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stress conditions. SLK1 and SLK2 interact physically with the LUFS domain in LUH forming SLK1-LUH and SLK2-LUH co-repressor complexes to inhibit the transcription. LUH has repressor activity, whereas SLK1 and SLK2 function as adaptors to recruit LUH, which in turn recruits histone deacetylase to the target sequences to repress transcription. The stress response genes RD20, MYB2 and NAC019 are expressed at elevated levels in the luh, slk1 and slk2 mutant plants. Furthermore, these stress response genes are associated with decreased nucleosome density and increased acetylation levels at H3K9 and H3K14 in the luh, slk1 and slk2 mutant plants. Our results indicate that SLK1, SLK2 and LUH form a co-repressor complex. LUH represses by means of an epigenetic process involving histone modification to facilitate the condensation of chromatin thus preventing transcription at the target genes.
Oxide solid solutions derived from homogeneous carbonate precursors: The CaO-MnO solid solution

Abstract Thermal decomposition of the mixed carbonate solid solution Ca 1 − x -Mn x CO 3 (0.0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.0) at 1273 K in hydrogen results in the respective oxide solid solutions Ca 1 − x Mn x O. Thermolysis at temperatures less than 1173 K of the homogeneous carbonate phase, Ca 1 − x Mn x CO 3 ( x = 0.5) results in incomplete solid solution and a calcium and manganese oxiderich mixture. The miscibility gap extends from 25 to 85 mol% MnO at 873 K. The decomposition reactions were conducted in a hydrogen atmosphere in order to maintain manganese in the divalent state. These results are compared with earlier decomposition studies conducted at reduced pressures of carbon dioxide and in vacuo . The important role of the decomposition mechanism in the application of the solid solution precursor method to solid state reactions is emphasized.
Optical tooling for Antares

The Antares laser system is a large (40 kJ) CO2 pulse laser system. High energy pulses are transmitted between buildings over path lengths exceeding 90 m. The optical elements are contained within large steel assemblies (power amplifiers, turning chambers, and target chamber) which must be positioned with tolerances of 0.75 mm. The subassblies of optical components must be prepositioned to a precision of 0.25 mm. This precision can easily be obtained by first order surveying techniques and instrumentation.' Although this accuracy is routinely achieved in geodetic network controls and high-precision engineering projects, the Antares optical tooling techniques had to be tailored to the geometry of the system. The basic theoretical optical train centerlines were established throughout the facility. These theoretical references had to be transferred onto solid reference surfaces, often around many physical obstacles. This paper describes the use of a combination of traditional surveying techniques and modern optical tooling methods throughout the integration of building reference planes and the erection of major steel assemblies. The design and measured assembly tolerances are compared.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Classroom mathematical practices in differential equations

Abstract This article describes the results of a design experiment conducted in one differential equations classroom. The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of the classroom mathematical practices that were established over the first half of the semester including instruction on first order differential equations. We discuss and illustrate our use of Toulmin’s model of argumentation to develop an analytical technique for documenting the emergence and stability of classroom mathematical practices. This analysis is significant in that it contributes to an emerging body of research on students’ learning in social context, in particular at the undergraduate level where such analyses are lacking. Our analysis also serves as a case to examine the construct of classroom mathematical practices in new light and to extend prior research by documenting two theoretical ideas; that practices can emerge in a non-sequential fashion with regard to both time and structure.
Temperature dependent 2nd derivative absorbance spectroscopy of aromatic amino acids as a probe of protein dynamics.

Proteins display a broad peak in 250–300 nm region of their UV spectrum containing multiple overlapping bands arising from the aromatic rings of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan residues. Employing high resolution 2nd derivative absorbance spectroscopy, these overlapping absorption bands can be highly resolved and therefore provide a very sensitive measure of changes in the local microenvironment of the aromatic side chains. This has traditionally been used to detect both subtle and dramatic (i.e., unfolding) conformational alterations of proteins. Herein, we show that plots of the temperature dependent 2nd derivative peak positions of aromatic residues have measurable slopes before protein unfolding and that these slopes are sensitive to the dielectric properties of the surrounding microenvironment. We further demonstrate that these slopes correlate with hydration of the buried aromatic residues in protein cores and can therefore be used as qualitative probes of protein dynamics.
A theory of adhesion at a bimetallic interface: Overlap effects

A preliminary calculation of the chemical bonding adhesive interaction between metal surfaces is provided. In this first theory the Hohenberg and Kohn formalism is used to give the bimetallic adhesive binding energy versus separation. The close-packed planes of Al, Mg, and Zn are considered. The effect of simple overlap of the metal-vacuum distributions is determined. The importance of registry between contact surfaces is ascertained. A minimum in the binding energy curve is exhibited for all combinations. The theoretical predictions agree with trends in bond strengths taken from available experimental data. An insight into the mechanisms involved in metallic transfer is given. The relationship between adhesive energies, cohesive energies, and surface energies is discussed.
Synthesis of cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl resins as potential olefin traceless supports

Abstract Cyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl (cymantrene) was attached to polymer support via amide linkages. Two synthetic routes to obtain these cymantrene resins in high yield are reported. Spectroscopic evidence indicates that olefin substrates were loaded to give the corresponding η 2 -complexes under light-promoted ligand exchange conditions by using a THF suspension of these manganese-containing resins. Subsequent treatment of the resin/olefin complex with mild oxidizing agents afforded the starting olefins in high purities.
Functional compensation in Hedgehog signaling during mouse prostate development.

Abstract Studies of hedgehog signaling in prostate development using anti-Shh antibodies, chemical inhibitors of hedgehog signaling and Shh−/− mutant mice have yielded conflicting data regarding the requirements of hedgehog signaling for normal ductal budding and glandular morphogenesis. We used transgenic mouse models in combination with chemical inhibitors and renal grafting to clarify the role of Hh signaling in prostate development. These studies showed that genetic loss of Shh is accompanied by an up-regulation of Indian Hedgehog (Ihh) and maintenance of Hh pathway activity. We found that while neither Gli1 nor Gli3 are required for normal prostate ductal budding, the urogenital sinus (UGS) of the Gli2−/− mutant mouse displays aberrant ductal budding in utero. When grown as a subcapsular graft, the Gli2−/− UGS exhibited prostatic differentiation but also displayed areas of focal epithelial hyperplasia. Functional redundancy between the three Gli transcription factors appears to mitigate the effect of Gli2 LOF as evidenced by residual Hh pathway activity in the E14 Gli2−/− UGS that could be inhibited by cyclopamine treatment. Together, these studies reveal a surprising degree of functional redundancy operating both at the level of the ligand and at the level of transcriptional regulation that effectively mitigates phenotypes associated with Hh-signaling perturbations.
Retro-Diels−Alder Femtosecond Reaction Dynamics

In this communication, we present our first femtosecond (fs), real-time studies of the retro-Diels-Alder reactions of norbornene (NB) and norbornadiene (NBD), products of the cycloaddition of cyclopentadiene with ethylene and acetylene, respectively. The reaction path, together with transition state (TS) structures, is displayed in Figure 1 (bottom). The experiments were designed with the following considerations in mind. First, the reactions were studied in a molecular beam in order to isolate the elementary processes, free of solvent perturbations. Second, we examined the dynamics of the reaction from a well-defined initial geometry, a precursor of Diels-Alder products.
Affirmative action, political representation, unions, and female police employment

Using data from three time periods (1981, 1987, and 1990/91), we analyze the factors that affect the hiring of female officers by municipal police departments. We find that affirmative action litigation significantly increased hiring of new female recruits, but female political representation in the form of female city councilors or mayors did not significantly affect the gender composition of police recruits. Consistent with co-worker discrimination, we find that hiring of female recruits is negatively related to the proportion of males already employed in the department. Furthermore, maledominated departments are more likely to employ fitness exams for recruits (a potential barrier to women) than are more integrated departments. The effect of a police union is mixed; there is some evidence that unions boost the hiring of female officers, yet unions are also associated with an increased likelihood of using fitness exams to screen new recruits.
Metastatic large cell lung cancer presenting with numb chin syndrome

The numb chin syndrome is an uncommon occurrence with cancer and consists of numbness in the area of distribution of the mental nerve. Most cases of this syndrome ocur in the presence of underlying breast cancer or lymphoma with survival measured in months once this syndrome is manifest. Reported below is the case of a man with metastatic large cell lung cancer whose presenting complaint was chin and lip numbness.
Evidence for net uptake and efflux of mitochondrial coenzyme A.

Abstract Coenzyme A transport was studied by determining [ 14 C]CoA associated with isolated rat heart mitochondria. HPLC analysis of a mitochondrial extract obtained following incubation with [ 14 C]CoA revealed an increase in [ 14 C]CoA. In the presence of pyruvate or α-ketoglutarate, [ 14 C]CoA associated with mitochondria was converted to acetyl- or succinyl-[ 14 C]CoA, respectively, demonstrating the intramitochondrial localization of transported CoA. Net uptake of CoA was demonstrated by the findings that the increase in mitochondrial content of CoA following incubation with CoA was equal to the values of CoA uptake obtained from experiments using [ 14 C]CoA. Sequestration of intramitochondrial CoA as metabolically inert derivatives with maleate stimulated CoA uptake, supporting the concept of unidirectional CoA uptake rather than exchange. Altering the membrane electrochemical gradient with valinomycin, nigericin, calcium, phosphate or a combination of phosphate and calcium caused efflux of endogenous CoA. The largest efflux was observed with valinomycin or a combination of Ca 2+ and P i . The Ca 2+ and P i -induced CoA efflux was effectively prevented by succinate or pyruvate. The results suggest that the uptake process, which is dependent on the membrane electrical gradient can be reversed by dissipating the electrical gradient. The relevance of CoA efflux induced by Ca 2+ and P i is discussed with respect to reperfusion injury following ischemic damage. Other factors regulating the maintenance of CoA within the mitochondrial matrix include the matrix pH and the acylation state of CoA.
The challenges to the liberal trading system

Abstract Free trade has been a universally accepted economic tenet for almost two centuries. Despite challenges, Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage has proven to be one of the most enduring of all economic laws. In recent decades, however, the liberal trading system has come under increasing attacks in the form of strategic trade and industrial policies, the deindustrialization in advanced countries, rapid globalization and outsourcing, and others. This paper reviews each of these attacks and concludes that they do not justify abandoning or moving away from the general preference of a liberal trading system.
Filter paper as a support and carrier for plant protoplast cultures

Filter paper laid upon an agar medium provided a convenient and advantageous physical substrate for the culture of plant protoplasts. The technique simplified the changing of media and, inPteridium aquilinum, enhanced the regenerative response of the protoplasts,
Denaturation of myofibrillar proteins from chickens as affected by pH, temperature, and adenosine triphosphate concentration

The susceptibility to denaturation of myofibrillar protein from chicken muscles was investigated and compared with denaturation of myofibrillar protein from pork. Immediately postmortem, the Pectoralis profundus (white muscle) and the Pubo-ishio femorale (red muscle) of six Arbor Acres chickens were collected. The Semimembranosus (white muscle) and Psoas major (red muscle) of three Yorkshire x Landrace and three Yorkshire x Landrace x Duroc pigs were collected at 45 min postmortem. Protein denaturation was prevented by keeping the muscles at 0 to 2 C in a buffer (pH 7.2) containing ethylene glycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (to sequester Ca ions). After purification, myofibrils were incubated at 25 or 40 C, pH 5.4 or 6.5, with 0, 0.68, or 3.4 mM adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Protein solubility, an indicator of denaturation, was assessed after 0, 10, 20, and 60 min incubation. Protein solubility of chicken pectoralis myofibrils was not affected by any of the conditions. In the other myofibrils, pH 5.4 caused significantly (P < 0.05) more protein denaturation than pH 6.5, and incubation at 40 C resulted in significantly more protein denaturation than incubation at 25 C. The presence of ATP (tested at pH 6.5) affected denaturation; higher ATP concentrations resulted in increased loss of solubility. We concluded that chicken red myofibrillar proteins are equally susceptible to denaturation as are pork red and white myofibrils. Chicken pectoralis (white) muscle fibers are least susceptible to denaturation. The results of this study indicate that factors other than protein denaturation are responsible for the low water-holding capacity of pale, soft, exudative chicken breast muscle.
Retail patronage behavior and shopper typologies: a replication and extension using a multi-format, multi-method approach

The continuous interaction between retailers and their consumers has fascinated researchers for more than 50 years and has spurred the development of many measurement instruments. While a number of shopper typologies have been proposed, these studies have tended to employ dissimilar measures, samples and retail formats. As a result, the comparability and generalizability of findings are problematic. Using a multi-method, multi-format approach, this study replicates and extends past research findings to provide a comparable and generalizable typology of shoppers. Based on responses from nearly three thousand shoppers, the current study identifies the existence of five shopper sub-groups across multiple retail formats.
Interaction of poliovirus-encoded 2C/2BC polypeptides with the 3' terminus negative-strand cloverleaf requires an intact stem-loop b.

Abstract The poliovirus-encoded, membrane-associated polypeptide 2C and its precursor, 2BC, is believed to be required for initiation and elongation of viral RNA synthesis. Previous studies have shown that the 2C polypeptide specifically interacts with the 3′-terminal sequence of poliovirus negative-strand RNA. This interaction is facilitated by the presence of the conserved sequence UGUUUU in the “stem a” within the 3′-terminal cloverleaf structure. We show that the 2C precursor, 2BC, also interacts with the 3′-terminal cloverleaf of the negative-strand RNA. We also demonstrate here that interaction of 2C/2BC with the negative strand 3′-terminal sequence not only depends on an intact “stem a” containing the UGUUUU sequence but is equally influenced by the presence of an intact “stem b” within the negative-strand cloverleaf. The results presented here suggest that the spatial configuration of stem a UGUUUU sequence with respect to an intact stem-b is crucial for 2C/2BC interaction with the 3′-terminal negative-strand cloverleaf structure.
Structural testing of concurrent programs

Although structural testing techniques are among the weakest available with regard to developing confidence in sequential programs, they are not without merit. The authors extend the notion of structural testing criteria to concurrent programs and propose a hierarchy of supporting structural testing techniques. Coverage criteria described include concurrency state coverage, state transition coverage and synchronization coverage. Requisite support tools include a static concurrency analyzer and either a program transformation system or a powerful run-time monitor. Also helpful is a controllable run-time scheduler. The techniques proposed are suitable for Ada or CSP-like languages. Best results are obtained for programs having only static naming of tasking objects. >
Dominance and aggression over the life course: Timing and direction of causal influences

Studies of testosterone's effect on dominance are confounded by the effects of dominance experiences on testosterone. Furthermore, antisocial behavior tends to originate prepubertally, when testosterone levels are the same for aggressive males, nonaggressive males, and females. It seems more parsimonious to view variation in testosterone as an effect of dominance-related mood states than to invoke a reciprocal model.
Hyperviscosity in the newborn lamb produces pertubation in glucose homeostasis

We studied the effect of hyperviscosity on plasma glucose concentration, endogenous glucose production, and plasma insulin concentration in 12 term mixed breed newborn lambs. After a 7-hr fast, 0.45% saline was infused at a constant rate for 6 hr during which time hourly plasma glucose and 3-hourly plasma insulin concentrations were determined. A glucose turnover determination by the prime-constant infusion technique using 3H6 radiolabeled glucose was performed at a steady state. An exchange transfusion was then carried out using maternal packed red blood cells in six lambs to produce hyperviscosity and using maternal whole blood in six other lambs to maintain normoviscosity. After the exchange transfusion, a second study identical to that in the pre-exchange period was carried out. There was no significant difference in the mean plasma glucose concentration (mg/dl; mean +/- S.E.) between groups during the first turnover period (pre-exchange transfusion) [103 +/- 4.9 (normoviscous) versus 96 +/- 4.8 (Hyperviscous)], but during the postexchange transfusion turnover period, the plasma glucose concentration was lower in the hyperviscous than in the normoviscous group [89 +/- 4.3 (Normoviscous) versus 76 +/- 4.0 (Hyperviscous)] (P less than 0.05.) Endogenous glucose production declined from the first to the second glucose turnover determination in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the normoviscous and hyperviscous groups. Plasma insulin concentrations were similarly low in both groups suggesting suppression in the fasted state. The data suggest that the hyperviscosity acts as an independent variable to depress plasma glucose concentration, the mechanism of which is still undefined.
Desistance from delinquency: The marriage effect revisited and extended ☆

Desistance from criminal offending has become the source of a considerable amount of research attention. Much of this literature has examined how environmental factors, such as marriage, employment, and delinquent peers contribute to the desistance process. A relatively unexplored possibility, however, is that desistance from criminal behavior is partially due to genetic factors. To test this possibility, data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) were used to examine the effects that five different genetic polymorphisms (DAT1, DRD2, DRD4, 5HTT, and MAOA) have on desistance from delinquent involvement. Three broad findings emerged. First, marriage significantly increased desistance. Second, some of the genetic polymorphisms had significant independent effects on desistance. Third, for males, the genetic polymorphisms interacted with marital status to predict variation in desistance. The findings underscore the importance of using a biosocial perspective to examine factors related to criminal desistance.
The effect of methylprednisolone, naloxone, and spinal cord trauma on four liver enzymes: observations from NASCIS 2

The effect of methylprednisolone, naloxone, and spinal cord trauma on four liver enzymes: observations from NASCIS 2
The Effect of Lead Paint Abatement Laws on Rental Property Values

Lead paint is a source of childhood lead poisoning, a vicious disease with high costs to both the victims and society. Treatment of the disease requires placing the victim in a lead-free environment. Laws have been enacted by many localities, which would require removal of lead from residential property. However, property owners have resisted the enforcement of these laws with threats of abandonment. Theory suggests that abandonment will occur only if the value of the rental property after removal of the paint is less than the cost of removal. This paper shows that these costs have already been discounted into property values. Data from Baltimore, Maryland indicates that the market has placed a value of approximately $15,250 per structure or $3,813 per rental unit on expected abatement costs. This value in most cases is less than the value of the rental property. Thus abandonment should occur infrequently.
Stimulation of GAL4 Derivative Binding to Nucleosomal DNA by the Yeast SWI/SNF Complex

The SWI/SNF protein complex is required for the enhancement of transcription by many transcriptional activators in yeast. Here it is shown that the purified SWI/SNF complex is composed of 10 subunits and includes the SWI1, SWI2/SNF2, SWI3, SNF5, and SNF6 gene products. The complex exhibited DNA-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, but lacked helicase activity. The SWI/SNF complex caused a 10- to 30-fold stimulation in the binding of GAL4 derivatives to nucleosomal DNA in a reaction that required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis but was activation domain-independent. Stimulation of GAL4 binding by the complex was abolished by a mutant SWI2 subunit, and was increased by the presence of a histone-binding protein, nucleoplasmin. A direct ATP-dependent interaction between the SWI/SNF complex and nucleosomal DNA was detected. These observations suggest that a primary role of the SWI/SNF complex is to promote activator binding to nucleosomal DNA.
Emergency Department Hyperglycemia as a Predictor of Early Mortality and Worse Functional Outcome after Intracerebral Hemorrhage

We have previously reported the association of hyperglycemia and mortality after ischemic stroke. This study attempts to answer the hypothesis, if hyperglycemia at arrival, is associated with early mortality and functional outcome in patients with acute non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The study cohort consisted of 237 patients who presented to the ED with ICH and had blood glucose measured on ED presentation. The presence of hyperglycemia on presentation was correlated with outcome measures including volume of hematoma, intraventricular extension of hematoma (IVE), stroke severity, functional outcome at discharge, and date of death. Of the cohort of 237 patients, a total of 47 patients had prior history of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Median blood glucose at presentation was 140 mg/dl (Inter-quartile range 112–181 mg/dl). DM patients had higher glucose levels on arrival (median 202 mg/dl for DM vs. 132.5 mg/dl for non-DM, P < 0.0001). Higher blood glucose at ED arrival was associated with early mortality in both non-diabetics and diabetics (P < 0.0001). Higher blood glucose was associated with poor functional outcome in non-DM patients (P < 0.0001) but not in DM patients (P = 0.268). In the logistic regression model, after adjustment for stroke severity, hematoma volume, and IVE of hemorrhage, higher initial blood glucose was a significant predictor of death (P = 0.0031); as well as bad outcome in non-DM patients (P = 0.004). Hyperglycemia on presentation in non-diabetic patients is an independent predictor of early mortality and worse functional outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.
Spatially Controlled Cell Engineering on Biomaterials Using Polyelectrolytes

Controlling the spatial organization of cells is a critical step toward engineering tissues with distributed networks of blood vessels or nerve cells. Here we report a new soft-lithography-based ap...
Cuticular lipids and desiccation resistance in overwintering larvae of the goldenrod gall fly, Eurosta solidaginis (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Abstract Within their gall, larvae of the goldenrod gall fly ( Eurosta solidaginis ) experience severe desiccating conditions as well as highly variable thermal conditions and extreme cold during winter. Through the autumn and early winter, field-collected larvae acquired markedly enhanced resistance to desiccation and freezing. At the same time, they increased their cuticular surface hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons were the major lipid class extracted by hexane or chloroform from the cuticular surface of overwintering gall fly larvae. The major hydrocarbon classes were the 2-methylalkanes which consisted mainly of 2-methyltriacontane. 2-Methyltriacontane comprised 48–68% of the total hydrocarbons during the larval stages. Total hydrocarbons increased from 122 ng/larva in early third instar larvae collected in September to 4900 ng/larva in those collected in January. Although washing of the cuticular surface with chloroform or chloroform:methanol (2:1, v:v) caused marked increases in rates of water loss, treatment with hexane and methanol had little effect on water loss rates.
ESR study of an X-ray-induced nitroxide radical in 3-hydroxyguanine

Abstract Single crystals of 3-hydroxyguanine have been X irradiated at 77 K and studied by ESR at 300 K. A nitroxide radical formed by abstraction of a hydrogen at N3 is the primary radical species formed by the radiation. A nitrogen hyperfine tensor with principal values of 1.7, 6.1, and 16 G, and a g tensor with principal values of 2.0013, 2.0062, and 2.0088 have been determined. These results indicate a spin density of 0.23 on N3. Spectra from pairwise-trapped nitroxide radicals were observed at some orientations.
The identity of strong indiscernibility

The following considerations are to be seen in the framework of nontraditional theory of predication (NTP), which stems in its basic features from Sinowjew (cf. Sinowjew 1970, Sinowjew/Wessel 1975), and which is described in detail in Wessel 1989.
Asymptotic analysis of Bragg fibers and dielectric coaxial fibers

Using an asymptotic matrix formalism, we analyze the guided modes of Bragg fibers and the dielectric coaxial fibers. In the asymptotic limit, the Bloch theorem can be applied to describe the optical field within the cladding layers, while the core region field is described by the exact solutions of Maxwell equations. From the asymptotic analysis, we derive an approximate expression for the radiation loss of Bragg fibers and dielectric coaxial fibers and give the number of Bragg pairs required to achieve 0.2dB/km radiation loss. The dispersions of the guided modes of Bragg fibers and dielectric coaxial fibers are calculated using both the asymptotic approach and the finite difference time domain method. The results obtained from these two approaches are shown to have excellent agreement. We use asymptotic analysis to calculate the dispersion parameter D of the guided dielectric coaxial fiber modes, which is found to be much larger than that of the conventional telecom fibers.
Tonic immobility: Effects of dopamine receptor blockade and stimulation

Blockade of dopaminergic receptors by haloperidol enhanced the duration of tonic immobility in chickens. Apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist, produced short durations. Apomorphine also produced an increase in stabilimeter activity. These data suggest dopaminergic involvement in tonic immobility, and support a competing response interpretation of the apomorphine effect.
WE-G-9A-01: Radiation Oncology Outcomes Informatics

The construction of databases and support software to enable routine and systematic aggregation, analysis and reporting of patient outcomes data is emerging as an important area. “How have results for our patients been affected by the improvements we have made in our practice and in the technologies we use?” To answer this type of fundamental question about the overall pattern of efficacy observed, it is necessary to systematically gather and analyze data on all patients treated within a clinic. Clinical trials answer, in great depth and detail, questions about outcomes for the subsets of patients enrolled in a given trial. However, routine aggregation and analysis of key treatment parameter data and outcomes information for all patients is necessary to recognize emergent patterns that would be of interest from a public health or practice perspective and could better inform design of clinical trials or the evolution of best practice principals. To address these questions, Radiation Oncology outcomes databases need to be constructed to enable combination essential data from a broad group of data types including: diagnosis and staging, dose volume histogram metrics, patient reported outcomes, toxicity metrics, performance status, treatment plan parameters, demographics, DICOM data and demographics. Developing viable solutions tomore » automate aggregation and analysis of this data requires multidisciplinary efforts to define nomenclatures, modify clinical processes and develop software and database tools requires detailed understanding of both clinical and technical issues. This session will cover the developing area of Radiation Oncology Outcomes Informatics. Learning Objectives: Audience will be able to speak to the technical requirements (software, database, web services) which must be considered in designing an outcomes database. Audience will be able to understand the content and the role of patient reported outcomes as compared to traditional toxicity measures. Audience will be understand approaches, clinical process changes, consensus building efforts and standardizations which must be addressed to succeed in a multi-disciplinary effort to aggregate data for all patients. Audience will be able to discuss technical and process issues related to pooling data among institutions in the context of collaborative studies among the presenting institutions.« less
Pencil-thin ependymal enhancement in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

AQP4 water channels are thought to be the target of autoimmune attack in neuromyelitis optica-spectrum disorders (NMOsd). AQP4 are highly expressed on ventricular ependyma. The objective of this study was to describe a novel pattern of linear, ‘pencil-thin’ enhancement of ventricular ependyma in NMOsd. We report two NMOsd patients with pencil-thin ependymal enhancement along the frontal and occipital horns of lateral ventricles. Differential diagnosis of ependymal enhancement should include NMOsd alongside with infectious and neoplastic etiologies. Pencil-thin ependymal enhancement may be a helpful radiological marker of NMOsd that can be used to differentiate this condition from multiple sclerosis.
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release from platelet plasma membrane vesicles.

A platelet membrane preparation, enriched in plasma membrane markers, took up /sup 45/Ca/sup 2 +/ in exchange for intravesicular Na+ and released it after the addition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). The possibility that contaminating dense tubular membrane (DTS) vesicles contributed the Ca/sup 2 +/ released by IP3 was eliminated by the addition of vanadate to inhibit Ca/sup +/-ATPase-mediated DTS Ca/sup 2 +/ sequestration and by the finding that only plasma membrane vesicles exhibit Na/sup +/-dependent Ca/sup 2 +/ uptake. Ca/sup 2 +/ released by IP3 was dependent on low extravesicular Ca/sup 2 +/ concentrations. IP3-induced Ca/sup 2 +/ release was additive to that released by Na/sup +/ addition while GTP or polyethylene glycol (PEG) had no effect. These results strongly suggest that IP3 facilitates extracellular Ca/sup 2 +/ influx in addition to release from DTS membranes.
Identification of susceptibility genes for complex metabolic diseases.

: There are few successful attempts to identify genes for common, non-Mendelian diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, etc. Such common disorders are typically both metabolically and genetically complex and the genetic technologies to identify their underlying susceptibility genes are still in their infancy. Nonetheless, genetic strategies have emerged that, when the technologies are fully developed, should allow similar success rates as for Mendelian diseases.
MODELING OF DEGRADATION PROCESSES TO OBTAIN AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION FOR MAINTENANCE AND PERFORMANCE

This paper presents an approach to represent equipment degradation and various maintenance decision processes based on Markov processes. Non-exponential holding time distributions are approximated by inserting multiple intermediate states between the two different degradation states based on a phase-type distribution. Overall system availability then is numerically calculated by recursively solving the balance equations of the Markov process. Preliminary simulation results show that the optimal preventive maintenance intervals for two repairable components system can be achieved by means of the proposed method. By having an adequate model representing both deterioration and maintenance processes, it is also possible to obtain different optimal maintenance policies to maximize the availability or productivity for different configurations of components.© 2009 ASME
Thick planar optical waveguides for high-power second-harmonic generation

A cw analysis is given of second-harmonic generation in a planar uniaxial crystalline waveguide of macroscopic (~1-mm) thickness. Phase-matching constraints require operation in a single high-order waveguide mode at the fundamental frequency. An analysis is given of a method for injecting a Gaussian laser beam into such a mode, using frustrated total internal reflection.
From Core to Consumer The Informal Hierarchy of the Skateboard Scene

In this article, I explore the characteristics of the informal social hierarchy within the skateboard subculture as well as how the elite members maintain their power and status within the subcultu...