cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Changing hemodialysis thresholds for optimal survival

Changing hemodialysis thresholds for optimal survival. Background The urea reduction ratio (URR), a measure quantitating solute removal during hemodialysis, is the fractional reduction of the blood urea concentration during a single hemodialysis treatment. The URR is the principal measure of hemodialysis dose in the United States. Based on studies of patients dialyzed prior to 1994, a minimum URR value of 65% was recommended to optimize survival. Because of new hemodialysis technologies and evolving demographics of the hemodialysis population, the relationship between the amount of hemodialysis and mortality was examined in contemporary cohorts. Methods This retrospective cohort included> 15,000 patients per year receiving hemodialysis during 1994 through 1997. Each patient's URR was averaged for the three months prior to the beginning of each year. Mortality odds ratios were calculated for patients by URR. To determine the URR value above which no further improvement in mortality was seen ("threshold"), spline functions were tested in logistic regression models, both unadjusted and adjusted for case mix measures. The strength of fit for URR, defined by a range of candidate thresholds from 55 to 75%, was evaluated in increments of 1% for each year using spline functions. Results The median URR was 63.2, 65.4, 67.4, and 68.1% for 1994 through 1997, respectively. The median length of hemodialysis treatments increased only six minutes from the beginning to the end of the period of analysis. Using spline functions, the threshold URR values were 61.1, 65.0, 68.0, and 71.0% for 1994 through 1997 in models adjusted for case mix. The ratio of median URR to URR threshold decreased from 1.03 in 1994 to 0.97 in 1997. Conclusions From 1994 to 1997, the median URR and the URR threshold for mortality benefit increased. Although an increased need in the amount of hemodialysis may be a consequence of changes in patients' demographic characteristics, the likely explanation(s) is a change in the dialysis procedure and/or blood sampling favoring higher URR values without changing the amount of dialysis provided. The recommended minimum URR of 65% appears to be too low to confer an optimal mortality benefit in the context of current practices.
Mid-Infrared Emitters Utilizing Intersublevel Transitions in Self Assembled InAs Quantum Dots

We demonstrate room temperature electroluminescence from intersublevel transitions in self-assembled InAs quantum dots in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The quantum dot devices are grown on GaAs substrates in a Varian Gen II molecular beam epitaxy system. The device structure is designed specifically to inject carriers into excited conduction band states in the dots and force an optical transition between the excited and ground states of the dots. A downstream filter is designed to selectively extract carriers from the dot ground states. Electroluminescence measurements were made by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in amplitude modulation step scan mode. Current-Voltage measurements of the devices are also reported. In addition, both single period and multi-period devices are grown, fabricated, characterized, and compared to each other. Finally, we discuss the use of plasmonic output couplers for these devices, and discuss the unique emission observed when the quantum dot layer sits in the near field of the plasmonic top contacts.
A 77-year-old man with septic shock.

A homeless man is poorly responsive, hypotensive, and febrile—and has a new heart murmur. What is the cause?
A high potential cytochrome c from Chromatium chromatophores.

Abstract A new cytochrome, C-553 (550), with properties like those of several isolated algal cytochromes f has been isolated from membrane fractions of the photosynthetic bacterium, Chromatium Strain D. The minimum molecular weight of the cytochrome is approx. 13000, but the isolated protein is heterogeneous in size and appears to polymerize in solution. This cytochrome may be related to the membrane-bound cytochrome c−555 which is implicated as a primary reductant in light-induced reactions of the Chromatium chromatophore reaction center.
Juvenile myasthenia gravis: Treatment with immune globulin and thymectomy

Juvenile myasthenia gravis is rare, representing just 10% of all myasthenia gravis. Treatment of the juvenile form is similar to the adult form, although concerns of long-term side effects limit use of immunomodulators and thymectomy in children, especially the very young. We review the clinical course of three children with juvenile myasthenia gravis, as well as the current status of intravenous immunoglobulin and thymectomy as treatments for juvenile myasthenia gravis.
A note on improved deterministic time simulation of nondeterministic space for small space

Abstract We show that NSPACE(s(n)) ⊆ DTIME(n · O(1)s(n)). This improves the known bound of NSPACE(s(n)) ⊆ DTIME(n2 · O(l)s(n)) when the space is “small”, namely, s(n) = o(logn). We use a simple encoding trick combined with an amortization argument.
Gender and ethnicity differences in the prevalence of scleroderma-related autoantibodies

Autoantibodies to topoisomerase I (topo I), RNA polymerase III (RNAPIII), centromere, U3RNP/fibrillarin, Th, PM-Scl, and U1RNP found in scleroderma (SSc) are associated with unique clinical subsets. The effects of race and gender on autoantibody prevalence and clinical manifestations were examined. Autoantibodies in sera from 105 SSc (include 75 Caucasian, 24 African-American, 6 others; 89 females and 16 males) were analyzed by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation. Clinical information was from database. SSc-related autoantibodies seldom coexist except for anti-topo I and anti-U1RNP. Anti-topo I (35% vs 15%), anti-U3RNP (30% vs 3%, p = 0.0005), and anti-U1RNP (30% vs 13%) were more common in African-Americans vs Caucasians. Anti-centromere (17%) and anti-PM-Scl (only in 8% of female) were found only in Caucasians. In race/gender combination, all three African-American males had anti-topo I (p = 0.04). Anti-U3RNP (35% vs 3%, p = 0.0005) and anti-U1RNP were common in African-American females. In African-American, all nucleolar dominant staining sera had anti-U3RNP; nuclear pattern was topo I (50%), U1RNP (19%), and RNAPIII (13%). In Caucasian, nucleolar was anti-Th (43%) and PM-Scl (29%); nuclear pattern was RNAPIII (29%), topo I (24%), and U1RNP (18%). Anti-topo I, anti-RNAPIII, and anti-U3RNP were associated with diffuse SSc while anti-centromere, anti-Th, and anti-U1 with limited disease. Proximal scleroderma was less common in African-American with anti-topo I (38% vs 91% in Caucasian, p = 0.04). The production of SSc-related autoantibodies is gender and race dependent, and this can be highly relevant in understanding their clinical significance.
Ergonovine Maleate and β-Blockers for Prinzmetal’s Angina

To the Editor: I enjoyed reading the case report on Prinzmetal’s angina that appeared in a recent issue of the Journal.1 I reported a variant of Prinzmetal’s angina 27 years ago …
Analyzing influenza virus sequences using binary encoding approach

Capturing mutation patterns of each individual influenza virus sequence is often challenging; in this paper, we demonstrated that using a binary encoding scheme coupled with dimension reduction technique, we were able to capture the intrinsic mutation pattern of the virus. Our approach looks at the variance between sequences instead of the commonly used p-distance or Hamming distance. We first convert the influenza genetic sequences to a binary strings and form a binary sequence alignment matrix and then apply Principal Component Analysis PCA to this matrix. PCA also provides identification power to identify reassortant virus by using data projection technique. Due to the sparsity of the binary string, we were able to analyze large volume of influenza sequence data in a very short time. For protein sequences, our scheme also allows the incorporation of biophysical properties of each amino acid. Here, we present various encouraging results from analyzing influenza nucleotide, protein and genome sequences using the proposed approach.
XDL-Based Module Generators for Rapid FPGA Design Implementation

XDLCoreGen is described, a module generator framework which directly generates placed and routed hard macros in XDL. XDLCoreGen is intended to be used in a rapid prototyping flow such as HM Flow, which achieves short FPGA implementation times by bypassing the conventional Xilinx tool flow and directly assembling designs from pre-built hard macros. The structure of XDLCoreGen is described and its unique cache-based router is highlighted as a key component to achieving extremely fast module generation times. Testing results are provided to demonstrate XDLCoreGen's ability to generate fully placed and routed hard macros in milliseconds.
The Developmental Effect of State Alcohol Prohibitions at the Turn of the 20th Century

We examine the quasi‐randomization of alcohol consumption created by state‐level alcohol prohibition laws passed in the United States in the early part of the twentieth century. Using a large dataset of World War II enlistees, we exploit the differential timing of these laws to examine their effects on adult educational attainment, obesity, and height. We find statistically significant effects for education and obesity that do not appear to be the result of pre‐existing trends. Our findings add to the growing body of economic studies that examine the long‐run impacts of in utero and childhood environmental conditions.
Can Instructional and Emotional Support in the First‐Grade Classroom Make a Difference for Children at Risk of School Failure?

This study examined ways in which children's risk of school failure may be moderated by support from teachers. Participants were 910 children in a national prospective study. Children were identified as at risk at ages 5-6 years on the basis of demographic characteristics and the display of multiple functional (behavioral, attention, academic, social) problems reported by their kindergarten teachers. By the end of first grade, at-risk students placed in first-grade classrooms offering strong instructional and emotional support had achievement scores and student-teacher relationships commensurate with their low-risk peers; at-risk students placed in less supportive classrooms had lower achievement and more conflict with teachers. These findings have implications for understanding the role that classroom experience may play in pathways to positive adaptation.
Globalization: A Short History – By Jürgen Osterhammel and Niels Petersson

In this crisp account, two historians examine the long roots of globalization. They insist that globalization is not a phenomenon propelled by autonomous economic, cultural, demographic, or politic...
Induction of Morphologically Abnormal Sperm in Rats Exposed to O-Xylene

An analysis of sperm abnormalities can be used as a rapid method to determine the mutagenic potential of chemical agents as well as the toxic potential of chemicals on the whole animal. O-Xylene was investigated for its potential mutagenicity by the sperm abnormality assay. Sprague Dawley rats 10-16 weeks old were injected intraperitoneally (ip) with 0.5 and 1.5 ml/kg body weight of o-xylene in corn oil. Five weeks after treatment, animals were sacrificed and sperm examined for morphological abnormalities. Several morphologically abnormal sperm types were observed; among these were those with amorphous heads, and banana-like heads. Animals housed at room temperatures of 20-24 degrees C showed no significant increase in abnormal sperm over the control. Rats housed at temperatures between 24 and 30 degrees C after ip injection with 0.5 ml/kg o-xylene showed a significant increase in abnormal sperm.
A search-aware JPEG-LS variation for compressed image retrieval

With increasing amounts of image data, such as the satellite images, being stored in compressed format, efficient retrieval of the images has become a major concern. For satellite images, one typical problem is, given an image pattern, we need quickly to locate its matches in the image. It is highly desirable that the compressed images are not decompressed when the matching is being performed. The problem is generally referred as the "two dimensional compressed pattern matching" problem. We report our recent work on compressed pattern matching in JPEG-LS compressed images. The method proposed is primarily a two-pass variation of the JPEG-LS compression algorithm and the algorithm is made search-aware. Experimental results show that the two-pass compression algorithm, unlike other search-aware compression algorithms, does not sacrifice compression. The proposed approach can be easily adapted for other compression methods such as lossless JPEG and CALIC.
Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Subunit Structure/Function in the Context of Infectious Virions and Human Target Cells

The reverse transcriptase (RT) of all retroviruses is required for synthesis of the viral DNA genome. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT exists as a heterodimer made up of 51-kDa and 66-kDa subunits. The crystal structure and in vitro biochemical analyses indicate that the p66 subunit of RT is primarily responsible for the enzyme's polymerase and RNase H activities. Since both the p51 and p66 subunits are generated from the same coding region, as part of the Pr160Gag-Pol precursor protein, there are inherent limitations for studying subunit-specific function with intact provirus in a virologically relevant context. Our lab has recently described a novel system for studying the RT heterodimer (p51/p66) wherein a LTR-vpr-p51-IRES-p66 expression cassette provided in trans to an RT-deleted HIV-1 genome allows precise molecular analysis of the RT heterodimer. In this report, we describe in detail the specific approaches, alternative strategies, and pitfalls that may affect the application of this novel assay for analyzing RT subunit structure/function in infectious virions and human target cells. The ability to study HIV-1 RT subunit structure/function in a physiologically relevant context will advance our understanding of both RT and the process of reverse transcription. The study of antiretroviral drugs in a subunit-specific virologic context should provide new insights into drug resistance and viral fitness. Finally, we anticipate that this approach will help elucidate determinants that mediate p51-p66 subunit interactions, which is essential for structure-based drug design targeting RT heterodimerization.
State of the practice for pediatric surgery-career satisfaction and concerns. A report from the American Pediatric Surgical Association Task Force on Family Issues

Abstract Background There has been increasing interest and concern raised in the surgical literature regarding changes in the culture of surgical training and practice, and the impact these changes may have on surgeon stress and the appeal of a career in surgery. We surveyed pediatric surgeons and their partners to collect information on career satisfaction and work-family balance. Methods The American Pediatric Surgical Association Task Force on Family Issues developed separate survey instruments for both pediatric surgeons and their partners that requested demographic data and information regarding the impact of surgical training and practice on the surgeon's opportunity to be involved with his/her family. Results We found that 96% of pediatric surgeons were satisfied with their career choice. Of concern was the lack of balance, with little time available for family, noted by both pediatric surgeons and their partners. Conclusion The issues of work-family balance and its impact on surgeon stress and burnout should be addressed in both pediatric surgery training and practice. The American Pediatric Surgical Association is positioned to play a leading role in this effort.
An Apparent Carbohydrate‐Amino Acid Interaction in Tetrahymena pyriformis

SYNOPSIS. Experiments were designed to examine the nature of the response of Tetrahymena pyriformis to inhibitory levels of L-serine when growing in defined media with carbohydrate as mono-, or polysaccharide. Growth curves indicated that, when a polysaccharide is being utilized, inhibition by serine affects at least 2 different loci. At one locus, inhibition causes a marked increase in the growth lag, at the other a significant decrease in the maximum rate of growth. Since the inhibition was completely reversible by glucose supplementation, it is evident that the initial inhibition, expressed as increased lag time, is specifically related to uptake or metabolism of the polysaccharide, i.e., it precedes glucose in the metabolic sequence. The inhibition expressed as decreased rate of maximum growth appears to be due to interference at some stage in the glycolytic pathway. The results suggest that in metabolizing a polysaccharide, T. pyriformis utilizes 2 mechanisms simultaneously. One involves phagocytic ingestion of molecular dextrin followed by phosphorylytic cleavage whereby the energy of the glycosidic bond is utilized to form glucose-1-phosphate. The 2nd mechanism depends upon elaboration of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes to cleave the polysaccharide to glucose, which enters the glycolytic pathway via glucose-6-phosphate in the usual manner.
Cryogenic spinal cord injury induces astrocytic gene expression of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 during myelin regeneration.

To study injury-induced astrocytic responses associated with regrowth of axons and regeneration of myelin, the method of Collins and colleagues was used to make focal cryogenic lesions in spinal cords of adult rats (Collins et al.: J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 45:742–757, 1986). The duration of cryogenic injury (CI), the size of the cryode, and its temperature were chosen to destroy all myelin sheaths and axons without producing cavities or hemorrhages. Messenger RNA and peptide distributions of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-I receptor (IGFR-I), IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and myelin basic protein (MBP) were studied 3–56 days after CI by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. At 3 days, vimentin-positive, GFAP-negative astrocyte-Iike cells in the lesion expressed IGF-I mRNA and peptide and 7 days after CI, both were expressed by typical GFAP-positive, hypertrophic astrocytes, many of which also were vimentin-positive. Levels of IGF-I, IGFBP-2, and GFAP mRNA and peptide were higher in lesion astrocytes after 14 days. They attained maximum levels at 21–28 days before declining to near control levels at 56 days. Decreasing relative levels of oligodendroglial MBP mRNA were found in and around lesions 7–14 days after CI; subsequently, rising levels accompanied remyelination. At 28 and 56 days after CI, some transferrin-positive, oligodendroglia-like cells also were immunostained by anti-IGFR-I. Our findings suggest that early astrocytic production of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 may be involved in the myelin regeneration which occurs in this model of spinal cord injury. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
Spectral characteristics of turbulence in the hurricane boundary layer over the ocean between the outer rain bands

Spectra and cospectra of wind velocity, potential temperature and humidity have been analysed using data collected in the atmospheric boundary layer in Hurricanes Fabian (2003) and Isabel (2003) during the Coupled Boundary Layer Air– Sea Transfer (CBLAST)—Hurricane experiment. The spectra and cospectra are normalized following the surface layer scaling methods according to similarity theory. It is found that the CBLAST data gathered in the mixed layer between the outer rain bands below 400 m can be grouped into well-defined curves for spectra of wind velocity, potential temperature and humidity, and for cospectra of momentum and humidity flux. However, the cospectra of sensible heat flux do not exhibit well-defined universal shape. The CBLAST universal shape spectra and cospectra generally resemble the shapes of those from previous studies, but shift to higher frequencies that correspond to smaller wavelengths of turbulent eddies that contain most of the energy. This work highlights the structural difference between the hurricane boundary layer and the standard atmospheric boundary layer over land and ocean. Copyright © 2010 Royal Meteorological Society
The Community Adaptive Planning Assessment: A Clinical Tool for Documenting Future Planning With Clients

Objectives The objectives of this article are to (a) identify features needed in a clinical tool in order to organize collaborative planning for the future between therapist and client; (b) describe the structure and procedures for use of the Community Adaptive Planning Assessment (CAPA), which was developed to meet these needs; (c) summarize research on the usability, trustworthiness, and clinical effectiveness of the CAPA; and (d) consider future work to further evaluate qualitative tools like the CAPA for clinical and research purposes. Method Initial and revised versions of the CAPA were evaluated through several studies. Usability was examined through questionnaires completed by therapists who used the CAPA in acute care, rehabilitation, home health, and community programs with a total of 105 clients who had a variety of acute and chronic disabilities. Trustworthiness was evaluated through comparison of information gathered from 21 clients with that from their family members. Clinical effectiveness was evaluated for discharge planning through content analysis of community outcomes of goals and plans established before discharge. Results Initial studies indicate that the CAPA has sound usability, trustworthiness, and clinical effectiveness for a variety of service delivery systems and with a variety of clients when used by experienced therapists. Findings support use of these three criteria for evaluation of tools designed to document qualitative consultation-based practice. Conclusions Results are related to broader issues in the profession, including a need for further study of collaborative planning for the future between clients and therapists, ways in which qualitative aspects of practice can be documented efficiently, ways in which outcomes of consultation-based practice can be evaluated, and establishment of criteria for evaluation of emerging qualitative assessments and intervention tools.
Identification of Escherichia coli ubiB, a Gene Required for the First Monooxygenase Step in Ubiquinone Biosynthesis

It was recently discovered that the aarF gene in Providencia stuartii is required for coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis. Here we report that yigR, the Escherichia coli homologue of aarF, is ubiB, a gene required for the first monooxygenase step in CoQ biosynthesis. Both the P. stuartii aarF and E. coli ubiB (yigR) disruption mutant strains lack CoQ and accumulate octaprenylphenol. Octaprenylphenol is the CoQ biosynthetic intermediate found to accumulate in the E. coli strain AN59, which contains the ubiB409 mutant allele. Analysis of the mutation in the E. coli strain AN59 reveals no mutations within the ubiB gene, but instead shows the presence of an IS1 element at position +516 of the ubiE gene. The ubiE gene encodes a C-methyltransferase required for the synthesis of both CoQ and menaquinone, and it is the 5' gene in an operon containing ubiE, yigP, and ubiB. The data indicate that octaprenylphenol accumulates in AN59 as a result of a polar effect of the ubiE::IS1 mutation on the downstream ubiB gene. AN59 is complemented by a DNA segment containing the contiguous ubiE, yigP, and ubiB genes. Although transformation of AN59 with a DNA segment containing the ubiB coding region fails to restore CoQ biosynthesis, transformation with the ubiE coding region results in a low-frequency but significant rescue attributed to homologous recombination. In addition, the fre gene, previously considered to correspond to ubiB, was found not to be involved in CoQ biosynthesis. The ubiB gene is a member of a predicted protein kinase family of which the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABC1 gene is the prototypic member. The possible protein kinase function of UbiB and Abc1 and the role these polypeptides may play in CoQ biosynthesis are discussed.
Geographic Proximity in the Diffusion of Concealed Weapons Permit Laws

Previous research has failed to adequately address why we should expect the diffusion of policy innovations in the realm of gun policy. As a social regulatory policy, gun policy may be highly influenced by policy adoptions in neighboring regions, in part due to the high likelihood of spillover effects. This article discusses under what conditions we should expect policy diffusion to occur from neighboring jurisdictions. We use event-history analyses to evaluate impact of neighboring states diffusion pressure on the adoption of “shall issue” concealed weapons laws between 1974 and 2007. Neighboring diffusion pressure has a significant effect on policy adoption even when controlling for National Rifle Association membership and a previous adoption of a similar policy (“may issue” permit). We provide a rationale why scholars should find neighboring diffusion effects in some policy areas but not others. Related Articles Cagel, Christine, and J. Michael Martinez. 2004. “Have Gun, Will Travel: The Dispute between the CDC and the NRA on Firearm Violence as a Public Health Problem.” Politics & Policy 32 (2): 278-310. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2004.tb00185.x/abstract Pufong, Marc, and Charles Kluball. 2009. “Government and Individual Liberty: The Rehnquist Court's Stop and Frisk Decisions.” Politics & Policy 37 (6): 1235-1280. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00219.x/abstract Clark, Jill. 2000. “Policy Attributes and State Policy Innovation.” Southeastern Political Review 28 (1): 3-25. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2000.tb00565.x/abstract Related Media Documentary: BBC. 2008. “This World: Virginia Tech Massacre.” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E7uEpHFhDS4&list=LPz814mog8j1U&index=3&feature=plcp Audiovisual Resources: CNN. 2007. “Massacre at Virginia Tech: CNN Special Report.” http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2007/virginiatech.shootings/ Investigaciones anteriores no han tenido exito en evaluar el por que se deberia esperar la difusion de politicas innovadoras en el ambito de la regulacion de armas. Vista como una politica regulatoria social, la regulacion de armas puede ser altamente influenciada por las regulaciones adoptadas en las regiones adyacentes, en parte debido a la alta probabilidad de efectos de propagacion. Este estudio analiza bajo que condiciones deberiamos esperar la difusion de politicas en jurisdicciones adyacentes. Usamos un Analisis de Eventos Historicos para evaluar el impacto de la presion en la difusion de estados adyacentes en la adopcion de politicas “Shall Issue” para armas encubiertas entre 1974 y 2007. La presion en la difusion de estados contiguos tiene un efecto significativo en la adopcion de regulaciones aun cuando se controla por membresia en la NRA y previas adopciones de politicas similares (permisos “May Issue”). Brindamos una explicacion del por que se deberian de encontrar efectos de difusion adyacentes en algunas politicas pero no en otras.
Position Resolution in LaBr/sub 3/ and LaCl/sub 3/ Scintillators Using Position-Sensitive Photomultiplier Tubes

Advanced scintillator materials such as LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce hold great promise for future hard X-ray and gamma-ray astrophysics missions due to their high density, high light output, good linearity, and fast decay times. Of particular importance for future space-based imaging instruments, such as coded-aperture telescopes, is the precise spatial location of individual gamma-ray interactions. We have investigated the position and energy resolution achievable within monolithic (5 cm times 5 cm times 1 cm) LaBr3:Ce and LaCl3:Ce crystals using position-sensitive light readout devices, including a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube and a multi-anode photomultiplier tube. We present the results of these tests and discuss the applicability of such advanced scintillators to future high-energy imaging astrophysics missions.
Constitutional Right to Informational Health Privacy in Critical Condition

Legal protections for health privacy depend on the person whose information is disclosed, the type of information disclosed, the individual or entity disclosing the information, the method of disclosure, the consequences of disclosure, the jurisdiction in which the disclosure takes place, and other factors. With so many variables, it is not surprising that protections for health privacy are inconsistent and inadequate. For more than three decades the federal courts seemed to recognize that governmental disclosures of an individual’s sensitive health information violated the Constitution. Two recent cases, however, have cast great doubt on the vitality of this asserted constitutional right.
Explorations in El-Markha Plain, South Sinai: Preliminary Findings at Tell Markha (Site 346) and Elsewhere

The 2002 University of Toronto and SCA (renamed MoA) expedition to el-Markha Plain, South Sinai, mapped and excavated the eastern portion of a small, seasonal copper smelting site and anchorage (Rothenberg’s site 346), which W. F. Albright had discovered in 1948 and dated to the early New Kingdom. In 2002, this encampment yielded potsherds from Nile silt vessels (5%) and numerous pottery fragments (95%) from two types of “Sinaitic”/Red Sea fabrics, most of which date to the Middle Kingdom. The remaining artifacts represent copper lumps and slag, stone tools, fish bones, sea urchin spines, marine shells, and coral. The expedition also investigated an adjacent wadi bed and waterfall, and found isolated pottery scatters from Egyptian store jars at several places along the northwest edge of the plain. In addition, the team surveyed Rothenberg’s site 345 (Ras Budran), Seih Baba, the mouth of Wadi Sidri, and selected portions of el-Markha Plain to the south of Abu Rodeis. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v07i1_mumford3
The use of rivaroxaban for the treatment of thrombotic complications in four dogs.

Objective To describe the clinical use of rivaroxaban in the treatment of 4 dogs with vascular thrombosis, 2 with pulmonary thromboembolism and 2 with systemic thrombosis. Case Series Summary This report describes the use of a direct factor Xa anticoagulant newly approved in human patients for the treatment or prevention of arterial or venous thrombosis. The use of this medication in a clinical setting for canine patients with thromboembolism has not been described before. Two patients were treated with rivaroxaban for pulmonary thromboembolism. Decreases in thrombus size were seen in both patients, but one patient suffered acute respiratory distress and was euthanized while the other continued to do well at the time of this writing. The other 2 patients were treated for systemic thrombosis. Decreases in thrombus size were also noted. One patient later suffered hematochezia of unknown cause, and the other continued to do well at the time of this writing. New or Unique Information Provided This is the first published report of the use of a new oral direct factor Xa anticoagulant in dogs in a clinical setting for the treatment of both pulmonary and systemic thrombosis. In this case series, we share our limited experience in the use of this new medication, our strategy in determining appropriate dosages, and our monitoring protocol.
Linear free energy relationships in kinetic analyses : applications of quantum chemistry

Linear free energy relationships are a useful organizational device for the summary of experimental data in complex reaction systems. These relationships provide a direct link between structure engendered reactivity properties and experimental kinetic parameters, thus allowing the reduction of many kinetic parameters into a series of slopes and intercepts. The reactivity indices that provided the basis for such correlations were determined from quantum chemical calculations. Simple EHT and MNDO calculations allowed for very good correlations of kinetic and adsorption data. The properties for over 150 components are thus calculated by MNDO and EHT techniques. LFER provide a means for organizing existing data and testing their chemical significance, as well as for predicting the kinetics for experimentally unstudied systems
Keeping the Oldest: The Evergreen Springs Plant of Electrico Power Systems

Employment issues associated with older employees are a growing concern among American businesses. Numerous stereotypes exist about older workers and result in differences of opinion concerning the benefits and liabilities of older employees. This article provides a case for students to examine that provides them with an opportunity to think about some of these issues and propose solutions to address them.
Framing Terror The Strategies Newspapers Use to Frame an Act as Terror or Crime

The study identifies seven rhetorical strategies newspapers use to frame the acts of violence as terrorism or crime by comparatively analyzing the news coverage of the Ft. Hood and the Washington, D.C., Navy Yard shootings in three major newspapers. It examines the framing of the incidents, the strategies used to constitute the frames, the functions these strategies serve, and the media’s contribution to the discourse of terror.
Immunoperoxidase Detection of Whey Protein Soils on Ultrafiltration Membranes

An immunoperoxidase method was developed for detection of whey proteins in ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. A polyclonal antiserum was prepared against whey proteins in rabbits and coupled to horseradish peroxidase using sodium m-periodate as the oxidizing agent. The immunoperoxidase method was evaluated using a bench-scale, thin-channel UF unit equipped with polysulfone membranes for the concentration of whey to a 7.5 times concentration factor. Following rinse, membranes were washed for periods ranging from 0 to 60 min. The whey protein antibody-peroxidase conjugate was diluted in phosphate buffer and circulated in the system for 4 min. Unbound antibodies were removed by three consecutive washes with phosphate buffer containing 0.2% (v/v) Tween-20. Bound peroxidase conjugate was eluted by circulation of 2 M NaCl, pH 8.5, followed by distilled water, pH 7.4. To determine bound peroxidase, a chromogenic substrate was added to 2.5 ml portions of the eluants and absorbance recorded at 414 nm 30 min later. Nitrogen residues in the membranes varied from 0.061 to 0.317% and absorbance values in the respective eluents ranged from .381 to .582%. A significant correlation (r = 0.89, P<0.05) was found between nitrogen residue and bound peroxidase. The results suggested that the immunoperoxidase method has the desired sensitivity for non-destructive assessment of whey protein soils on bench-scale UF systems.
Technology transfer and national science policy: biotechnology policy in Japan

The key role of government industrial policies in Japan is reviewed. Focusing in particular on technology transfer and the coordination of research and development (R&D). Biotechnology is a field that can affect several sectors of the economy, and thus technology policy in this area has been directed by several government ministries. The organization of R&D and technology transfer in biotechnology in Japan is outlined. Some of the difficulties inherent in the Japanese strategy are discussed.
Adult Posttraumatic Reconstruction Using a Magnetic Internal Lengthening Nail

A new generation of internal lengthening nail is now available that has reliable remote-controlled mechanisms. This allows accurate and well-controlled distraction rate and rhythm, and early clinical results have been very positive. In this article, 2 posttraumatic cases are presented that illustrate deformity correction and lengthening using the internal lengthening nail. Surgical planning and adjuvant techniques of fixator-assisted nailing and the use of blocking screws are discussed.
Editor’s Highlight: Modifying Role of Endothelial Function Gene Variants on the Association of Long-Term PM2.5 Exposure With Blood DNA Methylation Age: The VA Normative Aging Study

Recent studies have reported robust associations of long-term PM2.5 exposure with DNA methylation-based measures of aging; yet, the molecular implications of these relationships remain poorly understood. We evaluated if genetic variation in 3 biological pathways implicated in PM2.5-related disease-oxidative stress, endothelial function, and metal processing-could modify the effect of PM2.5 on DNAm-age, one prominent DNA methylation-based measure of biological age. This analysis was based on 552 individuals from the Normative Aging Study with at least one visit between 2000 and 2011 (n = 940 visits). A genetic-score approach was used to calculate aging-risk variant scores for endothelial function, oxidative stress, and metal processing pathways. One-year PM2.5 and PM2.5 component (sulfate and ammonium) levels at participants' addresses were estimated using the GEOS-chem transport model. Blood DNAm-age was calculated using CpG sites on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. In fully-adjusted linear mixed-effects models, the effects of sulfate on DNAm-age (in years) were greater in individuals with high aging-risk endothelial function variant scores when compared with individuals with low aging-risk endothelial function variant scores (Pinteraction = 0.0007; βHigh = 1.09, 95% CIHigh: 0.70, 1.48; βLow = 0.40, 95% CILow: 0.14, 0.67). Similar trends were observed in fully adjusted models of ammonium and total PM2.5 alone. No effect modification was observed by oxidative stress and metal processing variant scores. Secondary analyses revealed significant associations of serum endothelial markers, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (β = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.002, 0.012) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (β = 0.002, 95% CI: 0.0005, 0.0026), with DNAm-age. Our results add novel evidence that endothelial physiology may be important to DNAm-age relationships, but further research is required to establish their generalizability.
Cenozoic Muricidae of the Western Atlantic Region Part VIII - Murex S.S., Haustellum, Chicoreus, and Hexaplex; Additions and Corrections

A total of 165 names have been applied to western Atlantic species referred herein to the muricid genera Murex s.s., Haustellum, Hexaplex, and Chicoreus, including its four subgenera: Chicoreus s.s., Siratus, Phyllonotus, and Naquetia. Of these, 101 are valid and are treated systematically; however, the two species of Murex s.s. present are only questionably referred to the western Atlantic fauna. Of the remaining 99 valid species there are 16 of Haustellum, 22 of Chicoreus s.s., 28 of Siratus , 19 of Phyllonotus , one of Naquetia, and 13 of Hexaplex. Of these 99 species, eight occur in Eocene beds, with the oldest known from the Middle Eocene Weches Formation of Texas; seven occur in Oligocene beds; 31 in Miocene formations; and 46 in Plio-Pleistocene strata. There are 42 species in the Recent fauna, but only 18 are confined to the Recent, the remainder are both living and fossil. Of this number 9 are new species and are named herein. They are: Haustellum mimiwilsoni, from the Cumana Formation of Venezuela and the Rio Banano Formation of Costa Rica; Chicoreus (Chicoreus) jungi, from the Grand Bay Formation, Carriacou, West Indies; Chicoreus (Chicoreus) veronica and Chicoreus (Siratus ) habros , from the Agueguexquite Formation, Mexico ; Chicoreus (Siratus) miltos, from the Concepcion Inferior Formation, Mexico; 1 Chicoreus (Siratus) sextoni and Chicoreus (Phyllonotus) louisae, from the Chipola Formation, Florida; Chicoreus (Phyllonotus) initialis, from the Weches Formation, Texas; and Hexaplex isthmicus, from the Gatun Formation, Panama.
Optimization of Right Ventricular Function Preoperatively for LVAD Implantation

Heart failure (HF) continues to place a significant burden on the current healthcare system. In 2012, the total direct medical cost for HF was $20.9 billion, and this is expected to increase to $53.1 billion in 2030 (representing a 2.5-fold increase). The majority of these costs are related to hospitalization [1]. Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) were developed to provide end-stage heart failure patients opportunities to wait for a heart on a bridge-to-heart transplant (BTT) strategy or improve survival for those who were not eligible for heart transplantation on a destination therapy (DT) pathway. Since the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (REMATCH) trial reported a 48% reduction in risk of death in patients with advanced heart failure with the HeartMate XVE LVAD versus medical management, there has been an exponential increase in the number of mechanical circulatory assist devices for NYHA class IIIB/IV, stage D heart failure [2]. The HeartMate II study reported a significant survival advantage of continuous-flow ventricular assist devices (CF-VAD) over the older pulsatile HeartMate XVE device in a BTT strategy and opened the door for continuous-flow VADs (CF-VAD) that have since become standard of care [3].
Confidence assessment of protein-DNA complex models

Protein-DNA docking is an important computational technique for generating native or near-native complex models. A docking program typically generates a number of complex conformations and predicts the docking solution based on interaction energies. However, incomplete sampling and energy function deficiencies can result in false positive protein-DNA complex models, which hampers its application in biology or medicine. Built upon our investigation of structural features for binding specificity between protein and DNA molecules, we present here a Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based approach for quality assessment of the docked transcription factor-DNA complex models by combining structural features and a knowledge-based protein-DNA interaction potential. Our results show that the SVM scoring model greatly improves the prediction accuracy by successfully identifying the false positive cases, in which the docking algorithm fails to produce any near-native complex models.
Narcolepsy in Children and Adolescents

Narcolepsy is rarely diagnosed before adulthood; however, symptoms often begin much earlier and easily can mimic psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Clinical experience from a pediatric sleep center is reviewed regarding the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of early-onset narcolepsy. The varied clinical presentations, polysomnographic findings, family history, and associated psychiatric symptoms are described. The importance of considering narcolepsy in the differential diagnosis of any child or adolescent with excessive sleepiness is emphasized.
Audiovisual quality impacts assessments of job candidates in video interviews: Evidence for an AV quality bias.

Video job interviews have become a common hiring practice, allowing employers to save money and recruit from a wider applicant pool. But differences in job candidates’ internet connections mean that some interviews will have higher audiovisual (AV) quality than others. We hypothesized that interviewers would be impacted by AV quality when they rated job candidates. In two experiments, participants viewed two-minute long simulated Skype interviews that were either unedited (fluent videos) or edited to mimic the effects of a poor internet connection (disfluent videos). Participants in both experiments rated job candidates from fluent videos as more hirable, even after being explicitly told to disregard AV quality (experiment 2). Our findings suggest that video interviews may favor job candidates with better internet connections and that being aware of this bias does not make it go away.
Understanding Police Misconduct Correlates: Does Gender Matter in Predicting Career-Ending Misconduct?

Decades of research on police misconduct have produced mixed findings related to risk and protective factors. Although misconduct is a relatively rare and predominantly male phenomenon, demographic...
A Fog Computing Framework for Cognitive Portable Ground Penetrating Radars

With distributed communication, computation, and storage resources close to end users&#x002F;devices, fog computing (FC) makes it very promising to develop cognitive portable ground penetrating radars (GPRs) operating intelligently and adaptively under varying sensing conditions. However both strict performance requirement and tradeoffs between communication and computation pose significant challenges. This paper presents a fog computing framework for cognitive portable GPRs. Specifically, the system architecture of an FC-enabled cognitive portable GPR is developed. Based on the identification of various involved computation tasks, an offloading policy was proposed to determine whether computation tasks should be executed locally or offloaded to the fog server. Experimental results show the efficacy of the proposed methods. The framework also provides insight into the design of cognitive Internet of things (IoT) supported by fog computing.
Evidência métrica de construto e invariância fatorial da escala de percepção de suporte organizacional em trabalhadores brasileiros

Os estudos sobre a qualidade da produtividade e inovacao na relacao individuo-organizacao tem recebido atencao em diversas perspectivas cientificas (sociologica, psicologica, educacional, etc.). Mas, nos ultimos dez anos, o tema sobre medida psicologica no ambiente do trabalho tem sido uma area muito produtiva, pois, tem o objetivo de mensurar dado fenomeno e seus impactos no âmbito individual e coletivo no ambiente de trabalho. Das muitas medidas administradas na area do trabalho e da organizacao, a escala de suporte organizacional e uma das mais promissoras, pois, avalia o quanto a empresa, na percepcao do empregado, reconhece e valoriza sua atuacao profissional. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar a qualidade psicometrica da estrutura fatorial da escala de percepcao do suporte organizacional em trabalhadores. Para a realizacao dos estudos, duas amostras foram coletadas: a primeira, com 200 trabalhadores brasileiros, homens e mulheres, acima de 18 anos, do setor publico e privada do trabalho, destinada a analise exploratoria; na segunda amostra, 201 trabalhadores, com mesmas caracteristicas sociodemograficas da primeira amostra, a qual, destinou-se para analise confirmatoria. Todos responderam, atraves do e-mail ou rede social, a Escala de Percepcao de Suporte Organizacional (EPSO) e questoes relativas aos dados sociodemograficos e profissionais. Os resultados na analise exploratoria e confirmatoria da medida EPSO revelaram uma organizacao fatorial reduzida com cinco itens e nao nove itens, como vem sendo utilizado, estes, contemplaram itens que focaram mais nas questoes positivas (de base social e humana) do comportamento organizacional.
Spatiotemporal organization of myoclonic twitching in sleeping human infants

During the perinatal period in mammals when active sleep predominates, skeletal muscles twitch throughout the body. We have hypothesized that myoclonic twitches provide unique insight into the functional status of the human infant's nervous system. However, assessments of the rate and patterning of twitching have largely been restricted to infant rodents. Thus, here we analyze twitching in human infants over the first seven postnatal months. Using videography and behavioral measures of twitching during bouts of daytime sleep, we find at all ages that twitching across the body occurs predominantly in bursts at intervals of 10 s or less. We also find that twitching is expressed differentially across the body and with age. For example, twitching of the face and head is most prevalent shortly after birth and decreases over the first several months. In addition, twitching of the hands and feet occurs at a consistently higher rate than does twitching elsewhere in the body. Finally, the patterning of twitching becomes more structured with age, with twitches of the left and right hands and feet exhibiting the strongest coupling. Altogether, these findings support the notion that twitches can provide a unique source of information about typical and atypical sensorimotor development.