cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Patient Factors on Recurrence Risk and Time Dependency of Oxaliplatin Benefit in Patients With Colon Cancer: Analysis From Modern-Era Adjuvant Studies in the Adjuvant Colon Cancer End Points (ACCENT) Database

PurposeFluorouracil plus leucovorin (FU + LV) adjuvant chemotherapy reduced the risk of recurrence and death across all time points in a pooled analysis of 20,898 patients with colon cancer from 18 randomized studies. The impact of oxaliplatin added to FU + LV on the time course of recurrence and survival remains unknown.Patients and MethodsA total of 12,233 patients enrolled to the randomized trials C-07, C-08, N0147, MOSAIC (Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer), and XELOXA (Adjuvant XELOX) were pooled to examine the impact of oxaliplatin and tumor-specific factors on the time course of recurrence and death. For each end point, continuous-time risk was modeled over 6 years post treatment in all oxaliplatin-treated patients and patients concurrently randomized to FU + LV with or without oxaliplatin; the latter analyses supported time-dependent treatment comparisons.ResultsAddition of oxaliplatin significantly reduced the risk of recurrence within the first 14 months post treatment for patients with stage I...
Elastic-Plastic Solutions for Open-End Thick Walled Cylinders Subjected to Internal and External Pressures

Available theoretical solutions for the collapse pressure of open-end thick walled cylinders based on the Vo n Misses yield criterion are very limited. The known elastic-plastic theoretical solutions are primarily based on the Tresca yield criterion. So far, little study has been devoted to fairly thick open-end cylinders under external pressure. This can be performed by finite element analysis that considers material plasticity. In this paper the authors propose the use of simple formulae for the solution of the collapse internal and external pressures of open-end cylinders. The proposed formulae provide excellent agreement with finite element results obtained by the authors. Also criterion is provided for the interaction of elastic instability and plastic collapse of open-end cylinders subjected to external pressure.© 2008 ASME
Corona in insulating liquids and in combinations of paper and liquid

Voltage breakdown is perhaps the most important factor in the performance of electrical equipment in service. At high voltages corona* may lead to voltage breakdown especially over a period of time. In liquid impregnated insulation systems, corona often varies tremendously with time in both magnitude and repetition rate, which complicates both its measurement and the understanding of its influence.
[Long-term survival analysis of different breast cancer molecular subtypes: Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study].

Objectives To analyze the survival of breast cancer molecular subtypes and to examine the effect of therapy on the long-term prognosis of different subtypes. Methods This study included 3 586 breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) information in Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, a population-based prospective cohort study established in 2002. Molecular subtypes, based on immunohistochemistry were categorized as follows: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and triple-negative subtype. Characteristics and clinical data were collected through questionnaires and medical records at baseline survey and sequential follow-up surveys. Survival rates of different molecular subtypes were analyzed and compared with Log-rank tests. Multiple Cox regression models were used to evaluate the effect of therapy on long-term prognosis of different molecular subtypes. Results Among the 3 586 cases, Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes accounted for 54.5%, 16.6%, 13.9%, and 14.9%, respectively. With a median follow-up of 10.3 years (ranging 0.6 to 12.8 years), the 10-year overall survival (OS) rates for the four subtypes were 82.7% (95% CI: 80.9% to 84.4%), 77.7% (95% CI: 74.1% to 80.8%), 76.3% (95% CI: 72.3% to 79.8%), and 74.8% (95% CI: 70.9% to 78.3%), respectively. The 10-year disease to free survival (DFS) rates were 79.0% (95% CI: 76.7% to 81.0%), 76.0% (95% CI: 71.9% to 79.5%), 73.6% (95% CI: 68.9% to 77.7%), and 74.5% (95% CI: 69.4% to 78.9%), respectively. Significant difference in survival among four subtypes was observed (Log-rank test, P<0.01). Multivariate Cox regression indicated that hormonal therapy can significantly reduce the long-term risk of total mortality and recurrence breast cancer specific mortality among Luminal A subtype patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy could improve the long-term prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer. No benefit from radiotherapy was observed for four subtypes of breast cancer in terms of long-term prognosis. Conclusions Molecular subtypes based on ER/PR/HER2 could provide important information to predict breast cancer prognosis. The hormonal status was an important basis for individualized therapy and precision medicine. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Molecular typing; Prognosis; Cohort studies
WHAT IS THE UNIVERSITY'S ROLE IN ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

A concerted energy research program began in 1974 at Caltech with the receipt of two industrial gifts—one from the Ford Motor Company Fund and one from the Exxon Corporation. The gifts from Ford and Exxon were used to establish an internal source of funding for research projects in the energy area, managed by a campus Energy Steering Committee, with the advice of an outside Energy Advisory Board. In addition to gifts from private sources, the Caltech Energy Steering Committee is also responsible for administering an institutional grant from ERDA for the support of blocks of research in geothermal processes, molecular processes associated with energy production, transmission and utilization, heat transfer and combustion, solar cell materials, radiation damage, and energy policy and economic studies. Examples of research projects supported under the Caltech program include the study of large scale oscillation phenomena in combustion and power plant furnaces, the fluctuations in the ocean temperature off the California coast as related to current Federal regulations on the effects of thermal outfalls from large power plants, the use of isotope geochemistry for the location and characterization of geothermal sources, the study of the ion molecule chemistry of uranium compounds by cyclotron resonance spectroscopy to develop new methods of isotope separation, the solar photochemistry of a unique dirhodium complex to produce molecular hydrogen, and the development of a unique planar solar concentrator utilizing fluorescent materials dissolved in a plastic matrix.
The Stockton Farmers’ Market: : Racialization and Sustainable Food Systems

AbstractThis paper investigates the social world of the predominantly Southeast Asian Stockton Farmers’ Market in Stockton, California. Through interviews and surveys with vendors and customers, their motivations for buying and selling at this market were analyzed. Respondents reported that affordable prices and access to profits were their primary motivations, though they were also interested in freshness, health, sustainability and community. For Southeast Asian vendors and customers, these were all inextricable from their cultural identities and foodways. This research sheds light on the relationship between race and sustainable agriculture.
Lesion Selection and Related Contraindications

Cryosurgery is used commonly to treat both benign and malignant skin lesions: the medical professional treating the condition must select the best method from among the many available today. This chapter deals with selection of lesions that are best suited for cryosurgery. Though there are hardly strict confines to what can or cannot be treated this chapter will discuss lesions commonly treated by cryosurgery and general contraindications as well as some lesions where cryosurgery is not the best recommendation.
Standardization, Racialization, Languagelessness: Raciolinguistic Ideologies across Communicative Contexts

This article examines the racialized relationship between ideologies of language standardization and what I term “languagelessness.” Whereas ideologies of language standardization stigmatize particular linguistic practices understood to deviate from prescriptive norms, ideologies of languagelessness call into question linguistic competence–and, by extension, legitimate personhood–altogether. Throughout the article I show how these ideologies interact with one another, and how assessments of particular individuals' language use often invoke broader ideas about the (in)competence and (il)legitimacy of entire racialized groups. I focus specifically on dimensions of the racialized relationship between ideologies of language standardization and languagelessness in contemporary framings of U.S. Latinas/os and their linguistic practices. I draw on a range of evidence, including ethnographic data collected within a predominantly Latina/o U.S. high school, institutional policies, and scholarly conceptions of language. When analyzed collectively, these sources highlight the racialized ways that ideologies of language standardization and languagelessness become linked in theory, policy, and everyday interactions. In my examination of these data through the lens of racialization, I seek to theorize how ideologies of language standardization and languagelessness contribute to the enactment of forms of societal inclusion and exclusion in relation to different sociopolitical contexts, ethnoracial categories, and linguistic practices.
The Fabric of Quality Child Care: Weaving Together a Professional Development System

Many states are beginning to coordinate services and programs to assure that a professional development system is in place to serve teachers in the field of early care and education. One state that adopted a systematic philosophy is North Carolina. In reflecting on the past 10 years, recommendations and practices can be shared with other states initiating similar systems.
Management of Minor Head Injury

A national sample of pediatricians, family physicians, and emergency physicians was surveyed by questionnaire regarding initial and subsequent management of minor head injury, and responses were analyzed at the University of Washington, Seattle; the American Academy of Pediatrics; the American Academy of Family Physicians; University of California; and Children's Hospital, Boston.
Rett Syndrome; Diagnostic Criteria

Diagnostic criteria for Rett Syndrome are proposed by the International Rett Syndrome Association and the Centers for Disease Control, Koger Center, F-37, Atlanta, GA.
A Brief Stress Diagnostic Tool The Short Stress Overload Scale

The Stress Overload Scale (SOS) has demonstrated validity in predicting pathological stress reactions; however, at 30 items, it is lengthy for some clinical applications. Here, two studies tested a 10-item SOS-Short (SOS-S). First, the SOS-S was compared with the SOS in a longitudinal community study ( n = 391), using indices of pathology as criterion measures. Results showed the SOS-S to be equivalent to the SOS in reliability and concurrent and predictive validity, although not quite as sensitive to somatic symptoms. Second, the SOS-S was compared to the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale in a cross-sectional community study ( n = 249), in which symptoms and response biases were also assessed. Results showed both measures to be susceptible to biasing, and the SOS-S to demonstrate superior validity when biases were controlled. The SOS-S appears a viable alternative to the SOS and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale for assessing stress, and risk for sequelae, across a broad demographic spectrum.
Fast local polynomial regression approach for speckle noise removal

In this paper we focus on speckle noise removal. Previously, variational models have been proposed to remove the multiplicative speckle noise. In general, the variational models require a significant amount of run time to converge, and need to set the proper tuning parameter values to achieve optimal noise reduction results. In this paper, we present a local polynomial regression model for speckle noise removal. Our regression model is fast, does not need to be trained on a set of images, does not rely on tuning parameters, and is capable of performing fast speckle noise removal on high resolution images. We have conducted extensive experiments to evaluate our model performance. Our polynomial regression filter outperformed popular noise removal algorithms.
Advanced MRI Techniques for the Hip Joint: Focus on the Postoperative Hip.

OBJECTIVE. Imaging the hip joint with optimized MRI protocol parameters provides the radiologist with the ability to reliably diagnose complex hip abnormalities. The institution of appropriate metal artifact reduction techniques and dedicated sequences can enhance visualization of the periprosthetic bone and soft tissues and allow improved detection of the more frequently encountered total hip arthroplasty–related conditions, such as mechanical loosening, polyethylene wear, and adverse local tissue reactions. CONCLUSION. Finally, through the use of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, abnormal femoral head perfusion, one of the most common complications associated with femoral neck fracture internal fixation, can be detected before the development of femoral head osteonecrosis, subchondral collapse, and secondary osteoarthritis. Thus, through the institution of the techniques described in this review article, the challenges associated with MRI of hip arthroplasty and instrumentation can be overcome, allowing fo...
Protective and non-protective CD8 T cell responses against Plasmodium infection (MPF2P.760)

Despite decades of research, malaria remains a global health crisis. Currently, subunit vaccine approaches do not provide long-term, sterilizing immunity against Plasmodium infection. Conversely, immunization using whole parasites can confer protection in rodents through eliciting protective CD8 T cell responses, likely against a broad spectrum of Plasmodium antigens. However, it is unknown whether all of these CD8 T cell specificities contribute to protection. Recently, four novel H-2 b -restricted Plasmodium -specific CD8 T cell epitopes were described from the following antigens: GAP50, PbT, S20, and TRAP. Here, we show that priming with peptide-loaded mature dendritic cells followed by boosting with recombinant L. monocytogenes expressing these epitopes results in memory antigen-specific CD8 T cell responses constituting 5-40% of the CD8 T cell compartment. To date, only TRAP-specific CD8 T cells generated through this vaccination approach can provide sterilizing immunity following a sporozoite challenge. This result occurs despite similar numbers, function and phenotype for each of the memory CD8 T cell populations. These data suggest that timing of antigen presentation during liver-stage infection coupled with a requirement for direct MHC presentation predicts the protective capacity of a CD8 T cell specificity. These data may aid in identifying novel target antigens to elicit sterilizing protection against Plasmodium infection.
Executive Functions Impact the Relation Between Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia and Frequency of Stuttering in Young Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter

Purpose This study sought to determine whether respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and executive functions are associated with stuttered speech disfluencies of young children who do (CWS) and do not...
Corruption, Entrepreneurship, and Social Welfare

Income inequality is not a recent phenomenon. However, there is a renewed interest among scholars to determine the trend and cause behind this unequal distribution of wealth. Footprints of colonialism on income inequality are visible in many of the developing countries and remnants of the institutions and legal systems set up by the colonizers remain influential. Yet their impact on the economic activity is still debatable. La Porta et al. (1998, 1999, 2000) in a series of articles argue that countries that were colonized by the British have strong legal system compared to the other countries. Engerman and Sokoloff (2002) suggested that colonizers distributed labors based on the local endowment. For instance, colonizers saw Brazil as a better sugar producer than the United States. Therefore Brazil had a higher share of slave laborer that eventually led to hierarchical society than the United States. Banerjee and Iyer (2005) studies the land ownership structure in India. India was colonized by British over a long period of time. Some of the property rights institutions created by the British colonizers were changed while others remained intact. Areas with higher land ownership rate by the cultivator also had higher investment rate in health and education than areas with land ownership held by the landlords.
SOME RECENT RESULTS OF THE THEORY OF DISCLINATIONS AND DISPIRATIONS

Abstract The complete theory of line imperfections in crystals should include dislocations, disclinations and dispirations. These are defects due to discontinuity in translational, rotational and screw displacements. This paper first reviews the developments in the theory of disclinations and dispirations. The concept of disclinations recently has been applied to treat the problem of rotational fault movements in geology, A model for fault surfaces involving both disclinations and dislocations has been established and it is proposed that this model can assist in defining the nature of fault planes. The concept of dispirations can be applied to study the deformation and contraction of some biological systems assuming the form of cylindrical crystals. The passage of a dispiration along a helical plane in a cylindrical crystal can induce one of two types of shape changes. The magnitude of these contractions as well as the local elastic deformation due to dispiration dipoles have been examined. Future topics of research are also discussed.
Lessons Learned: A Successful Distance Learning Collaborative between the Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense

ABSTRACT Academic, business, and government organizations are increasingly looking to distance education to meet workforce learning needs. This modality differs from classroom education, however, and simply transferring content from a traditional classroom to a distance learning application can result in poor outcomes. The Department of Veterans Affairs and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Graduate School of Nursing implemented a program preparing adult nurse practitioners solely through the medium of distance education, with no university “in-residence” requirement. Lessons learned from this success can prove useful to organizations that are planning distance education initiatives.
Identification of latent legal knowledge in differing site condition (DSC) litigations

Abstract Conflicts in construction projects have always been a major problem. Unless an alternate resolution mechanism is spelled out in the contract, these disputes are typically resolved in court, which might be time consuming and financially substantial. This paper represents a continuation in a research focused on creating robust methodologies for legal decision support within the construction industry. Consequently, this papers tackles the problem of automating the extraction of implicit knowledge about significant legal factors upon which verdicts of Differing Site Condition (DSC) litigations are based. To that end, the research methodology (1) utilized a set of 600 cases from the Federal Court of New York; (2) adopted 15 legal concepts that have been found to be statistically significant for DSC litigations; (3) implemented 4 weighing mechanism for data representation, namely Term Frequency, Logarithmic Term Frequency, Augmented Term Frequency, and Term Frequency Inverse Document Frequency; and (4) employed Machine Learning (ML) classifiers, namely Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, and PART for the development of 12 prediction models. Among the finding of this study (1) ML classifiers present a suitable solution for the analyzed task; and (2) Naive Bayes classifiers achieved the highest prediction accuracy of 88%.
Psychophysical Limits of Celestial Navigation Hypotheses

The term psychophysics was first used by G. T. Fechner in 1860 to describe methods of measuring sensory functions. Fechner himself thought he had solved philosophy’s classical mind-body problem, but what he did in fact was to show that the only psychophysical measurement possible was a quantification of the relationship between a response and a physical stimulus, expressed in physical units.
Do envelope solitons radiate

In dispersive wave systems, when leading-order nonlinear and dispersive effects, are taken into account the envelope of a small-amplitude narrow-band wave pulse is known to satisfy the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation which, under certain conditions, admits envelope-soliton solutions. These solitons describe locally confined wave groups with envelopes of permanent form and find applications in various physical contexts. Here, is addressed the question of whether NLS envelope solitons survive when higher-order effects are taken into account. Based on a kinematic argument first, it is suggested that oscillatory tails are inevitably emitted, and this claim is further supported by numerical computations by use of a fifth-order Korteweg-deVries equation as a simple example. The radiation of tails is caused by a resonance mechanism that lies beyond all orders of the usual multiple-scale expansion leading to the NLS equation, and a procedure for calculating these tails by use of exponential asymptotics is outlined. Despite having exponentially small amplitude in the asymptotic sense, the radiated tails can be significant when pulses of relatively short duration are considered.
Impact of Repeat Infection Timeframe on CLABSI Surveillance

BACKGROUND Mandatory reporting of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is used as a measure of healthcare quality and hospital reimbursement. State reporting laws mandate patient notification of each healthcare associated infection. In January 2015, NHSN updated surveillance procedures to include the implementation of the 14-day repeat infection timeframe (RIT), to clarify the definition of resolved versus continued infection. We describe the impact of the RIT on CLABSI surveillance at an academic, quaternary care pediatric hospital. METHODS We performed a retrospective, cohort evaluation of existing hospital surveillance data to identify repeat CLABSIs occurring within the first seven days after the CLABSI RIT from January 2015 to July 2018. Repeat CLABSI events were considered unresolved infections when the microorganisms grown were identical or closely related to those grown at onset or during the first 5 days of the index CLABSI. Characteristics of repeat CLABSI events were described and compared to all CLABSIs using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS We identified 13 new CLABSI events that occurred within seven days of the previous CLABSI's RIT (day 15-21). Seven of these CLABSIs were considered unresolved infections. The remaining 6 CLABSIs involved different microorganisms than identified at onset of the initial CLABSI. There was no difference in clinical service (p=0.89), patient immune status (p=0.25), line type (p=0.69), or presence of multiple central lines (p=0.27) when comparing unresolved CLABSIs (n=7) to the total number of CLABSIs identified during the time period (n=389). Conversely, 4 CLABSIs had new microorganisms added during the RIT that were not reported as a unique event. CONCLUSIONS The use of the RIT does not always appropriately identify new CLABSIs at our institution. Since CLABSI identification is used for improvement efforts, modification of the RIT may be needed to properly identify unique CLABSIs.
Capturing dynamics in the value for brand recommendations from word-of-mouth conversations

Abstract Although there is an extensive literature on word of mouth (WOM), a longitudinal investigation into the dynamics of WOM conversations (rather than online reviews) on brand recommendation behavior is limited. To address this issue, the authors capture the dynamics in regard to the value of brand recommendation in a Bayesian State Space model. Such value is carried over time, with the current value as a function of the previous value, driven by advertising and branding effort (State Space model) with a heterogeneous coefficient (Bayesian). We find that past value for brand recommendation, along with advertising and brand attributes, such as visibility, excitement, differentiation, competency, and quality, influence the value of recommendations. We also incorporate heterogeneity and account for missing observations to include less talked-about brands. The results indicate that over 41% of brands experience a positive transition in the value of brand recommendations over time. Our investigation provides important managerial insights into which types of WOM influence consumer brand recommendations, while also providing nuanced insights for brand managers by identifying which types of brands and products are associated with higher carryover coefficients for the value in brand recommendations.
Masters Program Colorectal Pathway: Laparoscopic Left Colon Resection for Complex Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common disease encountered by both general and colorectal surgeons. Crohn’s disease (CD) can manifest in a variety of clinical presentations and frequently may be complicated by an abscess and/or fistula. In these situations, there are factors that must be considered that complicate surgical management, which are unique to this particular disease process. Additionally, there are distinct issues that must be evaluated prior to embarking upon operative intervention in the elective setting. The preoperative assessment and preparation of these patients is critical for optimizing patient outcomes. In addition, there are several intraoperative strategies to successfully complete these operations laparoscopically and specific considerations for conversion to an open procedure. These suggestions are also relevant for some patients with complex diverticular disease.
Educational Microclimate Mesonet System Design

Through the collaborative efforts of Columbus State University (CSU), Oxbow Meadows Environmental Learning Center, and Columbus Water Works, the CSU Weather Station was constructed in Fall 2018. This paper presents an overview of the construction efforts, instruments, real-time network, and database used on the tower as well as the collaborations that allowed for the development of the website. A statistical summary of the validation efforts and highlights of interesting weather events are also presented. The CSU Mesonet includes Tower station, Data server, Database, and Web server. In this paper, we focus on not only how the data is collected, delivered from the tower to the data server, as well as from data server to the database server, but also how the weather data is browsed via the web server and database server.
Beyond exploratory programming: A methodology and environment for conceptual natural language processing

This paper presents an attempt to synthesize a methodology and environment which has features both of traditional software development methodologies and exploratory programming environments. The environment aids the development of conceptual natural language analyzers, a problem area where neither of these approaches alone adequately supports the construction of modifiable and maintainable systems. The paper describes problems with traditional approaches, the new "parallel" development methodology, and its supporting environment, called the PLUMber's Apprentice.
Heart regeneration using somatic cells

Abstract This book chapter provides a comprehensive overview of existing cell based therapies for repairing the injured heart. During a heart attack there is a permanent loss of cardiomyocytes, the muscle cells needed for the heart’s contractile activity. This irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes results in a decreased capacity of the heart to pump, an increased incidence of arrhythmia due to the formation of fibrous scar tissue, and in the long term, an increased risk of reoccurring heart attacks and ultimately heart failure. Presently, the only cure for heart failure is cardiac transplantation. For this reason, the idea of regenerating cardiomyocytes using cell based therapies has garnered the attention of both medical and scientific researchers. Cell based therapies offer the potential of less invasive forms of treatment and even the possibility of patient-specific medicine. Here we review several cell-therapy based approaches to cardiac regeneration including, the stimulation cardiomyocyte proliferation, the differentiation potential of progenitor cells, and the combined use of cell based therapies with bioengineering. A special focus will be given to the de novo generation of cardiomyocytes from somatic cells for patient-specific treatment. Lastly, these studies will be assessed for their present limitations and future potential as cardiac regeneration therapies.
Failures of the Oxygen Supply

Oxygen supply failures are potentially life-threatening and are often associated with death or brain damage. Knowledge of how oxygen is supplied is essential for understanding how failures are caused and their management. Even though safety mechanisms exist to reduce the likelihood of a supply failure, events still occur. Simulation studies have identified knowledge and performance gaps in management of supply failures. A straightforward approach to immediate management of these critical events is provided.
Per-fraction positional and dosimetric performance of prone breast tangential radiotherapy on Halcyon™ linear accelerator assessed with daily rapid kilo-voltage cone beam computed tomography: a single-institution pilot study

This study investigates daily breast geometry and delivered dose to prone-positioned patients undergoing tangential whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) on an O-ring linear accelerator with 6X flattening filter free mode (6X-FFF), planned with electronic compensation (ECOMP) method. Most practices rely on skin marks or daily planar image matching for prone breast WBRT. This system provides low dose daily CBCT, which was used to study daily robustness of delivered dose parameters for prone-positioned WBRT. Eight patients treated with 16-fraction prone-breast WBRT were retrospectively studied. Planning CTs were deformed to daily CBCT to generate daily synthetic CTs, on which delivered dose distributions were calculated. A total of 8 × 16 = 128 synthetic CTs were generated. Consensus ASTRO definition was used to contour Breast PTV Eval for each daily deformed CT. Breast PTV Eval coverage (V90%) and hotspot (V105% and Dmax) were monitored daily to compare prescription dose with daily delivered dose. Various predictors including patient weight, breast width diameter (BWD), and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were fit into an analysis of covariance model predicting V90% and V105% deviation from prescribed (ΔV90%, ΔV105%). Statistical significance is indicated with asterisks (* for p < 0.05; ** for p < 0.001). Daily delivered Breast PTV Eval V90% was moderately smaller than prescribed (median ΔV90% = − 0.1%*), while V105% was much larger (median ΔV105% = + 10.1%** or + 92.4 cc**). Patient’s weight loss correlated with significantly increased ΔV105% (+ 4.6%/ − 1% weight, R2 = 0.4**) and moderately decreased ΔV90% (− 0.071%/ − 1% wt., R2 = 0.2**). Comprehensive ANCOVA models indicated three factors affect ΔV90% and ΔV105% the most: (1) BWD decrease (− 0.09%* and + 10%**/ − 1 cm respectively), (2) PTV Eval volume decrease (− 0.4%** and + 9%**/ − 100 cc), and for ΔV105% only, (3) the extent of breast deformation (+ 10%**/ − 0.01 DSC). Breast PTV Eval volume also decreased with time (− 2.21*cc/fx), possibly indicating seroma resolution and increase in V105% over time. Daily CBCT revealed key delivered dose parameters vary significantly for patients undergoing tangential prone breast WBRT planned with ECOMP using 6X-FFF. Patient weight, BWD, and breast shape deformation could be used to predict dosimetric variations from prescribed. Preliminary findings suggest an adaptive plan based on daily CBCT could reduce excessive dose to the breast.
Tetracyclines promote survival and fitness in mitochondrial disease models

Mitochondrial diseases (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders resulting from mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial DNA genes encoding mitochondrial proteins1,2. MDs cause pathologies with severe tissue damage and ultimately death3,4. There are no cures for MDs and current treatments are only palliative5–7. Here we show that tetracyclines improve fitness of cultured MD cells and ameliorate disease in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome. To identify small molecules that prevent cellular damage and death under nutrient stress conditions, we conduct a chemical high-throughput screen with cells carrying human MD mutations and discover a series of antibiotics that maintain survival of various MD cells. We subsequently show that a sub-library of tetracycline analogues, including doxycycline, rescues cell death and inflammatory signatures in mutant cells through partial and selective inhibition of mitochondrial translation, resulting in an ATF4-independent mitohormetic response. Doxycycline treatment strongly promotes fitness and survival of Ndufs4−/− mice, a preclinical Leigh syndrome mouse model8. A proteomic analysis of brain tissue reveals that doxycycline treatment largely prevents neuronal death and the accumulation of neuroimmune and inflammatory proteins in Ndufs4−/− mice, indicating a potential causal role for these proteins in the brain pathology. Our findings suggest that tetracyclines deserve further evaluation as potential drugs for the treatment of MDs. In an unbiased screen, Perry et al. find that tetracycline antibiotics improve resilience of cultured cells carrying disease-associated mitochondrial DNA mutations. Doxycycline is shown to increases survival, and reduce symptoms, in a mouse model of Leigh syndrome.
Synergetic Explosive Performance through Cocrystallization

A 1:2 cocrystal of 4H,8H-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]pyrazine and hydroxylamine has been prepared that displays 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-like sensitivity and performance. Most notably, the...
Cartographies of Youth Resistance: Hip Hop, Punk, and Urban Autonomy in Mexico. By Maurice Rafael Magaña. Oakland, California: University of California Press, 2020. 206 pages.

In his new book Cartographies of Youth Resistance: Hip Hop, Punk, and Urban Autonomy in Mexico, sociocultural anthropologist Maurice Rafael Magana explores the political role of urban youth in Oaxaca City during and after the social movement formed in 2006. There was a before and after this movement for the Indigenous and migrant youth of this city, one that the author categorizes as catalyzed by the “2006 Generation” (14). This book analyzes what happens when militarization, neoliberal development and criminalization of young activists collide with a strong political movement such as the one in Oaxaca.
Clinical Hbse Concentration: A Transactional Model

This article specifies a transactional model for adequately addressing underconcentration on key areas in advanced clinical HBSE courses. The author discusses the underconcentration, particularly in social work’s understanding of the biological and spiritual aspects of human beings. The author also distinguishes the transactional model from other reductionist or interactionist models of human behavior, and addresses ways to implement the model in the classroom.
Terrestrial Applications of Zero-Boil-Off Cryogen Storage

Storing cryogenic propellants with zero boil off (ZBO) using a combination of active (cryocoolers) and passive technologies has recently received a great deal of attention for longterm space missions. This paper will examine a variety of potential near-term terrestrial applications for ZBO and, where appropriate, provide a rough order of magnitude cost benefit of implementing ZBO technology.
Correcting the Record

archaeological theory. The basis of these critiques is that sexual difference is not a simple objectively existing fact but is itself the result of social categorization and representation. Medical practitioners, for instance, are taught to prioritize genotypic, endocrine, or phenotypic criteria in “identifying” sex at different ages and to categorize some genotypes and phenotypes as normal and others as aberrant. As Sofaer argues, while these critiques theoretically acknowledge the “material basis” of the body, they focus instead on the “materiality” of the body (e.g., on how a particular culture constructs its understanding of what the body is as a physical object). To Sofaer, this tends to make the actual body vanish in an infinitely regressing chain of representation. As she argues, biological difference is understood through social representations, but that does not mean it is infinitely malleable and can be reduced to those representations. As a solution to a long-standing theoretical problem, Sofaer’s path will not please all parties in archaeology and anthropology, but it may prove much more useful than the assumption that all cultures construct their understanding of sexual difference in a way entirely unconstrained by the body’s material basis. As she notes, in discussing osteoarchaeological methods for sexing skeletons, it is possible to acknowledge that the particular notion of sex is a social construct “without suggesting that the observable differences between men and women are some sort of irrelevant mirage . . . sex has a material reality; it is not simply a representation” (p. 96). The two final chapters of The Body as Material Culture apply this perspective to the study of sex and age. For each topic, Sofaer discusses how the concept has been constructed through anthropological and archaeological methodologies and reviews skeletal evidence for the social plasticity and development of the body, showing clearly how skeletons come to be socially gendered and to develop in a social biography. While these chapters review a broad range of concepts and interpretations, it is clear that they are also manifestos for a field still in its infancy in which much of the seminar work remains to be done. Indeed, the principal limitation of The Body as Material Culture is simply that this elegant and lucid argument, which should be read by all osteoarchaeologists with ambitions to escape from the ghetto of the specialist report in the appendix, really cries out for one more chapter. It would be wonderfully supplemented by a really thorough case study that takes members of a single community—one thinks of Rose’s Cedar Grove (Arkansas) ex-slaves or Molleson and Cox’s Spitalfields weavers—and explores their social world through their bodies. Perhaps such a chapter will be found in the next edition. Correcting the Record
Logit analysis in a rotating panel context and an application to self-employment decisions

The authors derive a methodology for analyzing logit models in a rotating panel context. They then apply the technique to test two theories of why and when salaried workers enter the informal self-employed sector. In the traditional view, workers fired from formal jobs queue in the informal sector to reenter the formal sector. The authors argue that for many, self-employment is a desirable goal, but that credit constraints often dictate that they work in the formal sector until enough start-up capital is accumulated. They model the decision to move as a stopped Markov process in which, in each period, the worker compare accumulated savings with the target level for switching sector dictated by the forecasted stream of discounted utility arising from employment labor and capital in each sector. They test and find support for the model using the new logit methodology and rotating panel data from Mexico.
Contribution of microglia as passenger leukocytes to the fate of intraocular neuronal retinal grafts.

PURPOSE. To determine whether donor-derived microglial cells play a role in dictating the immunogenicity of immature neuronal retinal tissue transplanted intraocularly. METHODS. Neonatal neural retinas (aged <24 hours) from C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice were implanted in the anterior chamber or the subretinal space of adult syngeneic or allogeneic eyes. After 12 and 35 days of engraftment, retinal grafts were harvested and analyzed immunohistochemically with 20 μg/ml Griffonia simplicifolia (GS) isolectin to identify microglia and define their morphology, monoclonal antibodies to study expression of donor and recipient major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II antigens, and anti-CD3 and -CD14 antibodies to distinguish microglia from T cells and macrophages. RESULTS. Neonatal retinas were found to contain significant numbers of GS + cells (microglia) at the time of grafting. By day 12 after grafting, markedly increased numbers of microglia were found in syngeneic and allogeneic grafts. Whereas most microglia in syngeneic grafts displayed a ramified (inactive) morphology at this time, most of the microglia in allografts displayed an ameboid (activated) configuration, with retracted processes and enlarged somas. By day 35 after grafting, although the density of microglia was reduced in syngeneic and allogeneic grafts, intensely labeled GS + cells were localized in the centers of rosettes in syngeneic, but not in allogeneic, grafts. Instead, donor-derived microglia displayed intense expression of MHC class I and II antigens, and these grafts contained small numbers of recipient-derived T cells, but not macrophages. CONCLUSIONS. Microglia within developing neuronal retinal transplants display morphologic features that are consistent with the ability to function as passenger leukocytes,' and they distribute themselves within rosettes as though performing surrogate support functions usually adopted by retinal pigment epithelial cells. Because this latter property causes activation of the microglia, it may also cause these cells to enhance the immunogenicity of the allograft.
Convergence of Numerical Methods for Inverse Problems with General Input Sources

The theory of a number of inverse problems requires that the input source be “impulsive” in time, i.e., it has an initial singularity like a delta-function or a jump discontinuity. In real data, this rarely is the case. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect which the type of initial singularity in the source has on the convergence of numerical methods for inverse problems. We take as our test problem the one-dimensional inverse problem of reflection seismology. Using a standard second- order difference scheme to approximate the forward problem, we show that second-order convergence can be obtained in the inverse problem if either the source or its first derivative in time has an initial jump discontinuity. First order convergence can be obtained if the second, third, or fourth derivative of the input source has an initial jump discontinuity. Surprisingly, first order convergence can be obtained if any derivative of the input source has an initial jump discontinuity, provided the response is sampled and processed appropriately. We conclude that there is theoretically enough information in the sampled response to smooth input sources to solve the inverse problem to first- order; numerically, the solution of the inverse problem may be very poorly conditioned. However, since the information is present in the response, regularized formulations for solving the inverse problem have a reasonable chance of success even with smooth input sources.
A SIMPLE PHENYLALANINE METHOD FOR DETECTING PHENYLKETONURIA IN LARGE POPULATIONS OF NEWBORN INFANTS.

A new method is described for rapid and economical screening of large numbers of hospital nursery infants for elevation in blood phenylalanine associated with phenylketonuria. Results are presented for 682 infants, 96% of whom were 4 days of age. None of the blood phenylalanine values were found to be as high as 4 mg/100 ml, and only 8% were above 2 mg/100 ml. These values appear to be in agreement with values obtained by other methods, and indicate that a very low rate of "false-positives" will be encountered during screening of the 10,000 or more infants that may be necessary to detect a case of phenylketonuria. It is recommended that any result of 6 mg/100 ml or above be considered positive, and require confirmation by phenylalanine determination of a second blood specimen.
Airflow assisted printhead for high-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing onto non-conductive and tilted surfaces

Electrohydrodynamic jet printing (e-jet printing) is a growing high resolution (<20 μm) printing technology. It is cost effective for small scale and highly customized feature production and it is compatible with a large range of materials. Conventional e-jet is generally restricted to surfaces with high flatness, therefore limiting the application of e-jet in research and industry. This paper will present an airflow assisted e-jet printhead that incorporates the use of airflow within the printhead to direct electrohydrodynamically generated ink droplets onto non-conductive and tilted surfaces. The printhead runs in open loop yet achieves consistent printing performance across large changes in standoff height (800 μm) between the printhead and printing surface. The printhead is able to print <20 μm droplets, which surpasses traditional inkjet technology. In conclusion, this printhead design has the potential to enable e-jet printing to be applied in unprecedented application areas.
A new paradigm for the diagnosis and management of unknown primary tumors of the head and neck: a role for transoral robotic surgery.

Objectives/Hypothesis: In 2% to 3% of patients with cancer metastatic to cervical lymph nodes, a primary tumor will not be found despite exhaustive diagnostic efforts. The treatment for these patients includes cervical lymphadenectomy followed by radiation to areas with increased risk of harboring a mucosal primary. Wide-field radiation therapy increases the incidence of xerostomia and dysphagia. Localizing a primary tumor has thus both therapeutic and quality-of-life implications, allowing possible complete surgical excision, concentrated radiation therapy, and potential deintensification of adjuvant therapy. With improved visualization and freedom of motion, transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an innovative surgical modality that allows resection of oropharyngeal subsites with minimal morbidity. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Ten patients with unknown primary tumors of the head and neck were identified. All patients underwent a cervical biopsy, positron-emission tomography/computed tomography, formal endoscopy, and bilateral tonsillectomy. When the initial endoscopy and biopsies did not localize a primary tumor, all patients underwent transoral robotic base of tongue resection. Results: Evaluation of the patients' oropharyngeal mucosa using the robot did not reveal an obvious lesion and no palpable tumors were appreciated in the resected specimens. In 9/10 (90%) patients, pathologic examination revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) with a mean diameter of 0.9 cm. Conclusions: Unknown primary SCCA presents a diagnostic challenge to the head and neck surgeon. We present a small series of tumors that would have been treated as unknown primaries under traditional diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms. TORS base of tongue resection identified primary tumors in 90% patients with minimal morbidity. Laryngoscope, 2013
A solar extreme ultraviolet telescope and spectrograph for Shuttle/Spacelab

An instrument for advanced studies of the solar corona is described. Its optical system provides nearly stigmatic imaging of selected portions of the Sun over the spectral range from 22.5 to 44.0 nm. Both spectroheliograms and emission line profiles of coronal features will be obtained over a wide range of coronal temperatures.