cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linear Structures up to 1963

In the broadest sense, lineation is a descriptive, nongenetic term, for any kind of linear structure, on or within a rock (Cloos, 1946, p. 1). Our concern here, however, is the primary lineation of sedimentary rocks acquired during the depositional process or imposed on the sediment while it was still in the environment of deposition. Lineations are of several types and include the preferred linear arrangement of elongate skeletal elements, plant fragments, or nonspherical clasts of any kind. Such preferential arrangement of the framework elements of a deposit is usually called the depositional “fabric” Lineation includes also the various features which are found at the interface between beds such as the slide marks, produced by movement of one bed over another — in reality a species of slickensides, and the various- groovings and striations of mudstones, preserved only as casts on the sole of the overlying sandstone bed. Various other asymmetric sole markings on sandstone beds also impart a lineation to the bedding surface. Included here are the striations and groovings on those surfaces which underlie till or tillite. These glacial striations are in one sense tectonic — i.e. they are produced by an overthrust (of glacial ice) but, inasmuch as they have been systematically mapped to reconstruct the pattern of ice-movement, they are indeed a paleocurrent structure. Also included are those internal linear structures observed when certain sandstones are split or parted along bedding planes. Such parting lineation is a very common feature of some sand facies.
Thoracoabdominal imaging of tuberous sclerosis

Imaging of tuberous sclerosis complex has rapidly evolved over the last decade in association with increased understanding of the disease process and new treatment modalities. Tuberous sclerosis complex is best known for the neurological symptoms and the associated neuroimaging findings, and children with tuberous sclerosis complex require active surveillance of associated abnormalities in the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Common findings that require regular imaging surveillance are angiomyolipomas in the kidneys and lymphangioleiomyomatosis in the chest. However multiple rarer associations have been attributed to tuberous sclerosis complex and should be considered by radiologists reviewing any imaging in these children. In this review the authors discuss the spectrum of imaging findings in people with tuberous sclerosis complex, focusing on MR imaging findings in the chest, abdomen and pelvis.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Therapy is a Potential Therapeutic Option for Primary Orthostatic Tremor. (P6.059)

Objective: Determine whether low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy to the cerebellum improves symptoms in primary orthostatic tremor (POT). Background: POT is a rare disabling tremor disorder characterized by high frequency tremor appearing in the legs upon standing. Treatment opportunities for POT are poor. Previous research found an increased cerebellar activity and low frequency rTMS reduces increased brain excitability. Design/Methods: Patients diagnosed with POT participated in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover-design study. All subjects received single session of real and sham rTMS session delivered to each cerebellar hemisphere on two separate days in random order. Nine hundred pulses were delivered consecutively to each side at a frequency of 1 Hz and at an intensity of 90% of the resting motor threshold (hand motor area). The primary outcome was the mean difference between the two arms for the Fullerton Advanced Balance Rating Scale (FABRS) standing score and the blinded video-rated standing duration measured immediately after rTMS (T1) and 60+ minutes after rTMS (T2) compared to before rTMS therapy (baseline, T0). Results: Ten POT subjects (6 females and 4 males, mean age 70.2 ± 8.0 years, mean disease duration 13.5 ± 10.4 years) participated and tolerated the therapy well. Compared to baseline, subjects randomized to the real arm improved significantly on the FABRS standing score (p = 0.02) at T1 than those in the sham arm. With regards to video-rated standing duration time, there was mean increase of 126.0 ± 172.8 seconds in the real arm compared to 12.9 ± 49.9 seconds in the sham arm approaching significance (p = 0.11; 8/10 subjects improved in the real arm; 4/10 demonstrated worsening in the sham arm). No significant improvements were seen at T2. Conclusions: Low frequency rTMS to cerebellum is a promising therapy for POT however requires confirmation in a larger follow-up study. Study Supported by: National Organization for Rare Disorders National Institutes of Health Disclosure: Dr. Hu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Legacy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ferng has nothing to disclose. Dr Wagle-Shukla has nothing to disclose.
Feature Extraction, Supervised and Unsupervised Machine Learning Classification of PV Cell Electroluminescence Images

Lifetime performance and degradation analysis of laboratory and field deployed PV modules is paramount to the continued success of solar energy. Image characterization techniques capture spatially resolved macroscopic manifestations of microscopic mechanistic behavior. Automated data processing and analytics allow for a large-scale systematic study of PV module health. In this study, degradation features seen in periodic EL images taken during test-to-failure damp-heat, thermal cycling, ultra-violet irradiance, and dynamic mechanical loading accelerated exposures are extracted and classified using supervised and unsupervised methods. Image corrections, including planar indexing to align module images, are applied. On extracted cell images, degradation states such as busbar corrosion, cracking, wafer edge darkening, and between-busbar dark spots can be studied in comparison to new cells using supervised and unsupervised machine learning. The systematic feature groupings provide a scalable method without bias to quantitatively monitor the degradation of laboratory and commercial systems alike. The evolution of these degradation features through varied exposure conditions provides insight into mechanisms causing degradation in field deployed modules. The supervised algorithms used in this application are Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). With the increase in data and diversity of features, unsupervised learning can be employed to find relations between inherent image properties. Feature extraction techniques help identify intrinsic geometric patterns formed inthe images due to degradation. Principal component analysis is then applied to the extracted set of features to filter the most relevant components from the set, which are then passed to an agglomerative hierarchical clustering algorithm. Google’s Tensorflow library was utilized to enhance the computational efficiency of the CNN model by providing GPUbased parallel matrix operations. Using supervised methods on 5 features an accuracy greater than 98% was achieved. For unsupervised clustering, the classification was done into two clusters of degraded and non-degraded cells with 66% coherence.
Pneumotonometer Accuracy Using Manometric Measurements after Radial Keratotomy, Clear Corneal Incisions and Lamellar Dissection in Porcine Eyes.

ABSTRACTPurpose/Aim of the study: Measured intraocular pressure (IOP) after corneal incisions may not be reflective of the true IOP because of changes in corneal biomechanical properties. The purpo...
Una extraña maternidad

Cynthia Schmidt-Cruz es una joven profesora de la Universidad de Delaware y autora de un reciente volumen de lectura imprescindible: Mothers, Lovers, and Others: The Short Stories of Julio Cortazar. Ella nos presenta una lectura, basada en el trabajo de investigacion ya mencionado, de un cuento poco conocido, pero subyugante, de Cortazar, “Los buenos servicios”.
Puberty Is Associated with a Rising Hemoglobin A1c, Even in Youth with Normal Weight

Our objective was to explore the longitudinal trajectory of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in well-characterized youth (n = 84) with normal weight and obesity during puberty. HbA1c rose from early puberty to Tanner stage 5, even in healthy, normal weight youth, revealing important implications for defining normal glycemia and prediabetes in adolescents.
Regional heterogeneity of developing GABAergic interneuron excitation in vivo

GABAergic interneurons are proposed to be critical for early activity and synapse formation by directly exciting, rather than inhibiting, neurons in developing hippocampus and neocortex. However, the role of GABAergic neurons in the generation of neonatal network activity has not been tested in vivo, and recent studies have challenged the excitatory nature of early GABA. By locally manipulating interneuron activity using chemogenetic and optogenetic approaches while recording network activity using multi-electrode array recordings in un-anesthetized neonatal mice, we show that GABAergic neurons are indeed excitatory in hippocampus at postnatal-day 3 (P3), and responsible for most of the spontaneous firing of pyramidal cells at that age. Hippocampal interneurons become inhibitory by P7, whereas cortical interneurons are inhibitory at P3 and remain so throughout development. This regional and age heterogeneity is the result of a change in chloride reversal potential as activation of light-gated anion channels expressed in glutamatergic neurons causes firing in hippocampus at P3, but silences it at P7. This study in awake mice reveals a critical role for GABAergic interneuron excitation in neonatal hippocampus, and a surprising heterogeneity of interneuron function in cortical circuits that was not predicted from in vitro studies.
Integrating MPC with Learning-Based and Adaptive Methods to Enhance Safety, Performance and Reliability in Automated Insulin Delivery

Abstract In this work, an adaptive-learning model predictive control (AL-MPC) framework that integrates disturbance forecasting, uncertainty quantification, learning, and recursive subspace identification is developed. The proposed technique can be used for continuous systems affected by repetitive disturbances with unknown periods. The AL-MPC integrates online learning from historical data to anticipate impending disturbances and proactively counteract their effects to an adaptive MPC. This is done by using machine learning to quantify the significant disturbances from historical data and forecast their future evolution time series. Behavior patterns of the system can be identified from historical data, and the set-point, objective function weights, and constraints of the controller can be modified in advance for the anticipated time periods of the disturbance effects. AL-MPC is used to regulate glucose concentration (GC) in people with diabetes by automated insulin delivery. Simulation results indicate that the AL-MPC can regulate the BGC 75.4% of the simulation time in the target range (70-180) mg/dL without causing any hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia events.
Approach to Cystic Lesions in the Abdomen and Pelvis, with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

When approaching a cystic-appearing lesion in the abdomen or pelvis, careful assessment of the imaging appearance, location, relationship to adjacent structures, and clinical context can help narro...
Tonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Should They Stay, or Could They Go?

Objectives/hypothesis Children who do not require oxygen beyond 3 hours after surgery and pass a sleep room air challenge (SRAC) are safe for discharge regardless of polysomnogram (PSG) results or comorbidities. Study design Cross-sectional prospective study. Methods All children observed overnight undergoing an adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing were prospectively recruited. Demographic, clinical, and PSG characteristics were stratified by whether the patient had required oxygen beyond 3 hours postoperatively (prolonged oxygen requirement [POR]) and compared using t test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test depending on distribution. Optimal cut points for predicting POR postsurgery were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. The primary analysis was performed on the full cohort via logistic regression using POR as the outcome. Significant characteristics were analyzed in a logistic regression model, with significance set at P Results A total of 484 participants met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 5.65 (standard deviation = 4.02) years. Overall, 365 (75%) did not have a POR or any other adverse respiratory event. In multivariable logistic regression, risk factors for POR were an asthma diagnosis (P Conclusions In conclusion, all children in our study who are off oxygen within 3 hours of surgery and passed a SRAC were safe for discharge from a respiratory standpoint regardless of age, obesity status, asthma diagnosis, and obstructive apnea/hypopnea index. Additional investigations are necessary to confirm our findings. Level of evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Effects of Nitrogen Supplements on Degradation of Aspen Wood Lignin and Carbohydrate Components by Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

A supplement of KH2PO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, trace elements, and thiamine accelerated the initial rate of aspen wood decay by Phanerochaete chrysosporium but did not increase the extent of lignin degradation. Asparagine, casein hydrolysate, and urea supplements (1% added N) strongly inhibited lignin degradation and weight loss. The complex nitrogen sources peptone and yeast extract stimulated lignin degradation and weight loss. Albumen and NH4Cl had intermediate effects. Conversion of [14C]lignin to 14CO2 and water-soluble materials underestimated lignin degradation in the presence of the complex N sources. The highest ratio of lignin degradation to total weight loss and the largest increase in cellulase digestibility occurred during the decay of unsupplemented wood. Rotting of aspen wood by P. chrysosporium gives smaller digestibility increases than have been found with some other white-rot fungi.
RabGEF1, a Negative Regulator of Ras Signalling, Mast Cell Activation and Skin Inflammation

Mast cell activation induced by the aggregation of FcepsilonRI with IgE and antigen is mediated through the activation of multiple protein kinase cascades. This process induces mast cells to undergo degranulation, to synthesize and release lipid mediators, and to secrete multiple cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. We found that RabGEF1 (Rabex-5) binds to Ras and negatively regulates Ras activation and downstream effector pathways during FcepsilonRI-dependent mouse mast cell activation. Mast cells derived from RabGEF1-deficient mice exhibit significantly enhanced levels of degranulation, release of lipid mediators and secretion of cytokines in response to FcepsilonRI aggregation. RabGEF1 knockout mice have increased perinatal mortality and the mice that do survive develop severe skin inflammation and increased numbers of mast cells in the dermis, some of which exhibit morphological evidence of degranulation. These mice also show elevated concentrations of serum histamine and IgE. Thus, RabGEF1 is a negative regulator of Ras signalling and FcepsilonRI-dependent mast cell activation in vitro, and a lack of RabGEF1 results in the development of elevated numbers of mast cells in the skin and severe skin inflammation in vivo.
Growth kinetics of coliform bacteria under conditions relevant to drinking water distribution systems

The growth of environmental and clinical coliform bacteria under conditions typical of drinking water distribution systems was examined. Four coliforms (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae) were isolated from an operating drinking water system for study; an enterotoxigenic E. coli strain and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae and E. coli were also used. All but one of the coliforms tested were capable of growth in unsupplemented mineral salts medium; the environmental isolates had greater specific growth rates than did the clinical isolates. This trend was maintained when the organisms were grown with low levels (less than 1 mg liter-1) of yeast extract. The environmental K. pneumoniae isolate had a greater yield, higher specific growth rates, and a lower Ks value than the other organisms. The environmental E. coli and the enterotoxigenic E. coli strains had comparable yield, growth rate, and Ks values to those of the environmental K. pneumoniae strain, and all three showed significantly more successful growth than the clinical isolates. The environmental coliforms also grew well at low temperatures on low concentrations of yeast extract. Unsupplemented distribution water from the collaborating utility supported the growth of the environmental isolates. Growth of the K. pneumoniae water isolate was stimulated by the addition of autoclaved biofilm but not by tubercle material. These findings indicate that growth of environmental coliforms is possible under the conditions found in operating municipal drinking water systems and that these bacteria could be used in tests to determine assimilable organic carbon in potable water.
Relaxed continuous random network models (II): Scattering properties

Abstract We report here the result of our calculations on the scattering properties of two random networks. One of these is the 519 atom model due to Polk and the other a 201 atom model generated by Steinhardt et al. We compare experimental and calculated values of the reduced intensity function and the influence of relaxation of a network on the reduced intensity function. We present calculations of the structure factor, dark field and interference images for these models. As in our earlier findings there is at least orientation in each random network which shows a considerable degree of order and can qualitatively account for the contrast observed in electron micrographs. In the latter calculations we also explore effects of aperture geometry on the image results.
Multiple Intracellular Peptidases in Neurospora crassa

Neurospora crassa possesses multiple intracellular peptidases which display overlapping substrate specificities. They were readily detected by an in situ staining procedure for peptidases separated in polyacrylamide gels, within which the auxilliary enzyme, l-amino acid oxidase, was immobilized. Eleven different intracellular peptidases were identified by electrophoretic separation and verified by their individual patterns of substrate specificities. Most peptide substrates tested were hydrolyzed by several different peptidases. The multiple intracellular peptidases may play overlapping roles in several basic cell processes which involve peptidase activity. The amount of peptidase activity for leucylglycine present in crude extracts of cells grown under widely different conditions was relatively constant, suggesting that this enzyme may be constitutive, although alterations in the amounts of individual peptidase isozymes may occur. A single enzyme, designated peptidase II, was partially purified and obtained free from the other peptidase species. Peptidase II was found to be an aminopeptidase with activity toward many peptides of varied composition and size. It was more active with tripeptides than homologous dipeptides and showed strong activity toward methionine-containing peptides. This enzyme, with a molecular weight of about 37,000, was thermolabile at 65 degrees C and was strongly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, Zn(2+), Co(2+), and Mn(2+), but was insensitive to the serine protease inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. Peptidase II apparently possesses an essential sulfhydryl group and may be a metalloenzyme.
Remembering Nina Lenček, 18 January 1924–25 November 2014

Columbia University Libraries’ longtime Slavic & East European Studies Librarian Nina Lencek passed away on November 25, 2014, at the age of 90. On January 22, 2015, a large group of her friends, family, and colleagues gathered at Butler Library to remember, honor, and celebrate her remarkable life and legacy.
Frequency measurement of the 260-THz (1.15-microm) He-Ne laser

Absolute infrared frequency measurement has been extended to 260 THz with the measurement of the strong 1.15-microm laser line in (20)Ne. The frequency was synthesized in nonlinear crystals of CdGeAs(2) and Ag(3)AsS(3) from stabilized CO(2) lasers and the 1.5-microm laser line in (20)Ne. The measured frequency is nu(20)Ne, 1.15 microm = 260.103 284(30) THz.
Effects of drying–rewetting frequency on soil carbon and nitrogen transformations

Soil drying and rewetting impose a significant stress on the soil microbial community. While wetting events are common in most environments, the short and long-term effects of soil rewetting on microbial processes have not been well studied. Furthermore, it is not clear if stress history is important to consider when modeling microbial controls on ecosystem dynamics. In this experiment, we manipulated the frequency of soil rewetting events during 2 months to determine how stress history influences the response of soil microbial communities to rewetting events. Two soils were collected from the Sedgwick Ranch Natural Reserve in Santa Ynez, CA, one from an annual grassland, the other from underneath an oak canopy. Soils were incubated in the lab and went through either 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 9, or 15 drying–rewetting cycles over 2 months. Soil moisture content was adjusted so that the average moisture content over the course of the incubation was the same for all samples, compensating for the number of drying–rewetting cycles. Soils were analyzed for respiration rate, substrate utilization efficiency, nitrification potential, microbial biomass, and NH4+ and NO3− concentrations. Total CO2 loss during incubation significantly increased with number of rewetting events for oak soils but not for grass soils, where a large number of rewetting events decreased total CO2 loss. Exposure to frequent drying–rewetting events decreased the amount of CO2 released upon rewetting and dramatically increased the activity of autotrophic nitrifier populations. For up to 6 weeks after the last drying–rewetting cycle, respiration rates in soils exposed to a history of drying–rewetting events were substantially lower than their non-stressed controls. In all cases, the effects of the rewetting stress were greater in oak than in grass soils. The results indicate that drying–rewetting events can induce significant changes in microbial C and N dynamics and these effects can last for more than a month after the last stress. The frequency of drying–rewetting stress events has important ecosystem-level ramifications and should be incorporated into models of soil microbial dynamics.
Quantifying the Risks Associated With Exceeding Recommended Drinking Limits

Background: Although daily and weekly drinking limits demonstrate strong sensitivity and specificity in identifying alcohol use disorders (AUDs), there are no descriptive data that present the risks associated with exceeding these limits in a format suitable for presentation to patients, students, and the general public. Methods: Data collected in the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were used to estimate the risks of past-year DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence associated with various frequencies of exceeding daily drinking limits (no more than 4 drinks for men; no more than 3 drinks for women) in a nationally representative sample of 26,946 US drinkers 18 years of age and older. These risks were further categorized by whether weekly drinking limits (no more than 14 drinks for men; no more than 7 drinks for women) were exceeded and by maximum number of drinks consumed in the past year. Results: The prevalence of alcohol dependence with abuse increased in a fairly linear fashion with frequency of exceeding daily drinking limits. The prevalence of dependence alone (no abuse) and abuse alone (no dependence) peaked among persons who exceeded the daily limits twice a week and then leveled off, because individuals became increasingly likely to have both disorders at higher frequencies. Exceeding the weekly limits generally increased the risks of both disorders after accounting for frequency of exceeding the daily limits, but not always to a significant extent. Likewise, maximum quantity of drinks consumed was positively associated with the risks of AUDs even after accounting for frequency of risk drinking. There were few gender differences in the risk of dependence after adjusting for frequency of exceeding daily drinking limits, but the risk of alcohol abuse remained greater among men. Conclusions: These data provide a useful tool for illustrating the broad range of risk of AUDs associated with exceeding recommended drinking limits, and they support the utility of the daily and weekly drinking limits in predicting AUDs.
Fluid migration through the tail of the Dalkon Shield intrauterine device

X-ray radiographs were used to monitor the migration of Renouve -dip radiopaque tracer through the multifilament tail of Dalkon Shield intrauterine devices (IUDs). The movement of the tracer was more rapid and migrated a greater distance through the long end of the tail than through the short end of the tail. The double knot serves as at least a temporary barrier to the migration of tracer from the long end of the tail, but this barrier was circumvented when drops of Renouve -dip radiotracer were placed at both ends of the tail. Migration of Renouve -dip radiotracer was prevented when the end of the Dalkon Shield tail was fused by heating. No migration of this tracer occurred on the tails of commonly used IUDs which possessed monofilament tails, thus demonstrating that fluid migration occurs within and not on the surface of the multifilament tail.
On axial extension during cyclic torsion

Abstract An axial extension that takes place during cyclic torsion over a large number of cycles is known as the Ronay effect. In a directionally solidified eutectic of solid cross section, the tendency for the surface layers to elongate during cyclic tension is resisted by the interior with the result that elastic buckling of the fibers in the surface layers occurs. An explanation for this type of effect is advanced which is based upon the elastic distortion of the lattice and the anisotropy of the slip process in the matrix.
Studies of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by the virus plaque assay.

Abstract The virus plaque assay has been developed as a tool for enumerating activated lymphocytes. In previous studies using mitogens it was found that the assay detects activated T- but not activated B-lymphocytes. In the present studies, the mixed lymphocyte reaction was studied by the virus plaque assay as well as by incorporation of thymidine and development of cytotoxic lymphocytes. In combinations differing at the entire major histocompatibility complex, approximately 1% of the cells were activated and treatment with anti-thy.1 serum totally abrogated the virus plaque forming cell (V-PFC) response. In studies on the A.TH-A.TL recombinants and the AQR-B10/ 6R recombinant strains, incompatibility at the H-2-K or H-2-D loci were found not to be capable of activating T-cells to produce virus plaques. In contrast, differences in I or I plus S regions caused a marked T-cell activation, 3–6% of the cells being V-PFC. There was a general parallelism between thymidine incorporation and the V-PFC, and it was not possible to dissociate the cell types carrying out each of these functions by kinetic studies. However, preinfection of responding cells with the virus used in these studies, vesicular stomatitis virus, caused a complete abrogation of thymidine incorporation, indicating that the activation of virus is an earler stage than DNA synthesis, and that viral activation will block further cell replicaton and is probably a lytic event.
Constraint-based gaze estimation without active calibration

Existing eye gaze tracking systems typically require an explicit personal calibration process in order to estimate certain person-specific eye parameters. For natural human computer interaction, such a personal calibration is often cumbersome and unnatural. In this paper, we introduce a new method that estimates a person's gaze without active personal calibration. By exploiting the binocular constraint that the gaze point is produced by the intersection of visual axes of two eyes and some generic person-independent constraints on eye parameters, our method is able to estimate the required person-specific parameters implicitly and naturally without active participation from the user and without use of any special calibration object. Experiments with different subjects show that the proposed method achieves good gaze estimation comparable to the conventional 9 point method.
Population dynamics of greenbug biotypes "E" and "F" on Texas bluegrass

Cool-season perennial forage grasses are known to serve as alternate hosts of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) in the southern Great Plains of the USA. Texas bluegrass (Poa arachnifera Torr.) is a cool-season perennial forage grass indigenous to this region and because of its persistence under grazing is being bred for improved forage production. An experiment was conducted to determine the population dynamics of greenbug biotype ‘‘E’’, the predominant biotype found in this region and biotype ‘‘F’’ which is known to infest bluegrass species. Twentyfive Texas bluegrass genotypes, three Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) genotypes, a Canada bluegrass (Poa compressa L.) genotype, two Texas · Kentucky bluegrass hybrids, and a Texas · Canada bluegrass hybrid were screened for their abilities to support greenbug population growth. Bluegrass species and genotypes varied significantly in their ability to support greenbug biotypes E and F. On the basis of higher aphid numbers, biotype E had a higher population growth rate as compared with biotype F on Texas bluegrass. Some Texas bluegrass genotypes were not included in both biotype trials due to lack of availability of uniform plant material for inoculation. Nine of 25 Texas bluegrass genotypes did not support biotype E greenbug population growth. Similarly, 13 of 22 Texas bluegrass genotypes did not support biotype F population growth. Both Canada and Kentucky bluegrass supported high populations of biotype F and interspecific hybrids varied in their host suitability to both biotypes.
Advection-diffusion as an asymptotic limit for transport in anisotropic media

Abstract In describing particle transport in anisotropic media, the total cross section depends upon the particle direction, and the scattering kernel depends separately upon the incident and exiting directions rather than simply upon the scattering angle. In this paper we demonstrate that an advection-diffusion equation is an asymptotic limit for one particular class of such one-speed transport equations describing particle transport in anisotropic media. This class is that considered earlier in this journal by Cassell and Williams (1992). In addition to obtaining the time-dependent advection-diffusion equation in full three-dimensional generality, we derive the asymptotically consistent initial and boundary conditions to be applied to this equation.
Human acetylator genotype: Relationship to colorectal cancer incidence and arylamine N-acetyltransferase expression in colon cytosol

Polymorphic expression of arylamine N-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.5) may be a differential risk factor in metabolic activation of arylamine carcinogens and susceptibility to cancers related to arylamine exposures. Human epidemiological studies suggest that rapid acetylator phenotype may be associated with higher incidences of colorectal cancer. We used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to determine acetylator genotypes of 44 subjects with colorectal cancer and 28 non-cancer subjects of similar ethnic background (i.e., approximately 25% Black and 75% White). The polymorphic N-acetyltransferase gene (NAT2) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from DNA templates derived from human colons of colorectal and non-cancer subjects. No significant differences inNAT2 allelic frequencies (i.e., WT, M1, M2, M3 alleles) or in acetylator genotypes were found between the colorectal cancer and non-cancer groups. No significant differences inNAT2 allelic frequencies were observed between Whites and Blacks or between males and females. Cytosolic preparations from the human colons were tested for expression of arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. Although N-acetyltransferase activity was expressed for each of the arylamines tested (i.e., p-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-aminofluorene, β-naphthylamine), no correlation was observed between acetylator genotype and expression of human colon arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. Similarly, no correlation was observed between subject age and expression of human colon arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity. These results suggest that arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity expressed in human colon is catalyzed predominantly by NAT1, an arylamine N-acetyltransferase that is not regulated byNAT2 acetylator genotype. The ability to determine acetylator genotype from DNA derived from human surgical samples should facilitate further epidemiological studies to assess the role of acetylator genotype in various cancers.
Different electrostatic methods for making electret filters

Three charging techniques (viz., corona charging, tribocharging, and electrostatic fiber spinning) were used to charge fibers or fabrics of different polymer types. Corona charging is suitable for charging monopolymer fiber or fiber blend, or fabrics. Tribocharging is only appropriate for charging fibers with dissimilar electronegativity. Electrostatic fiber spinning combines the charging of polymer and the spinning of the fibers as a one-step process. It was observed that two dissimilar fibers following tribocharging had higher filtration efficiency than the corona-charged polypropylene fibers. An electrostatic spinning process produced nanofibers exhibiting extremely high efficiency by mechanical filtration mechanisms. Little charge was retained in electrospun polyethylene oxide fibers; however, polycarbonate and polyurethane retained a great amount of charge.
Energy and Momentum Density in Field Theory

It is shown that the energy density commutator condition in its simplest form is valid for interacting spin 0, \textonehalf{}, 1 field systems, but not for higher spin fields. The action principle is extended, for this purpose, to arbitrary coordinate frames. There is a discussion of four categories of fields and some explicit consideration of spin $\frac{3}{2}$ as the simplest example that gives additional terms in the energy density commutator. As the fundamental equation of relativistic quantum field theory, the commutator condition makes explicit the greater physical complexity of higher spin fields.
Effects of Task Precision Demands on Behavioral and Physiological Changes During a Repetitive Asymmetric Lifting Activity

Objective:This study investigated the effects of task precision demands on behavioral and physiological changes during repetitive asymmetric lifting.Background:Repetitive lifting encountered in manual material handling leads to muscle fatigue and is a documented risk factor for low back disorder.Method:A total of 17 healthy volunteers performed repetitive asymmetric lifting for 60 min (10 lifts/min). Task precision demands were imposed by varying the entry width onto the destination conveyor. Physiological changes were assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy obtained from the erector spinae muscles. Three-dimensional spine kinematics and moment responses were quantified to understand behavioral changes during the lifting activity.Results:Task precision demands showed no effect on erector spinae muscle oxygenation levels. Behavioral changes associated with repetitive lifting included increases in the overall lift duration, peak forward bending motion, and three-dimensional movement velocities of the spin...
Communications: Characteristics of Inner-City Students and the Implications for Management (Administrative) Education

The article reports the author's opinions regarding the accessibility of business education in the U.S. The author focuses on the availability of business education courses to residents of inner-ci...
On the time taken by random walks on finite groups to visit every state

Consider a random walk on a finite group G. Suppose that the time taken for the transition probabilities to approach the uniform distribution is small compared with #G. Then the time taken for the random walk to visit every state is approximately R#G·log(#G), where R is the mean number of returns to the initial state in the short term.
Nucleoside decomposition by bacterial cells.

Ruhende Zellen verschiedener bakterieller Arten zersetzen Nukleoside mit viel grosserer Geschwindigkeit als Ribose und ihre phosphorischen Ester. Phosphatasen der Zellenoberflache scheinen in den untersuchten Bakterien keine Rolle im Substrattransport in die Zelle zu spielen. Die Stufen im Abbau der Nukleoside durch lebende Bakterien mussen darum noch weiter aufgeklart werden.
Analysis of compressible mixing layers using a dilatational covariances model

Compressible mixing layers are analyzed using a dilatational covariances model based on a pseudo-sound constitutive relation. The calculations are used to evaluate the different physical phenomena affecting compressible mixing layers. The rate of growth of the mixing layer is retarded by both the compressible dissipation and the pressure-dilatational covariances. The pressure-dilatational, essentially a nonequilibrium effect, reduces the amount of excess production over dissipation available for the turbulence energy growth. The pseudo-sound model also includes a history dependent portion: this is also investigated. All constants in the model and used in these computations are predicted by the theory.
An estimate for the replacement entropy of microcrystallites

Abstract The replacement entropy of microcrystallites is estimated from the numerically computed entropy of idealized microcrystallites “embedded” in a rigid lattice of identical fcc structure. The replacement entropy is found to be 20 k for a cluster of 87 atoms at a temperature of 93°K and Einstein temperature of 52.8°K.
Oxygen tension as a control mechanism in pollen tube rupture.

The decrease in stylar p O 2 encountered by pollen as it approaches the ovary can induce bursting of pollen tube tips. Anaerobic conditions induced a high percentage of tube tip bursting in most pollen germinated in vitro. Changes in tube tip metabolism with decreased oxygen probably sets up cell wall stress resulting in pollen tube rupture.
Metabolism of furan fatty acids in fish

In vivo experiments on interconversions of furan fatty acids in fish are described. Administration of 2- or 3-14C-labelled furan fatty acids showed that the heterocycle does not interfere with conversions at the carboxyl group, such as shortening and elongating the chain, or its reduction to alcohol. There was no indication for desaturation of proximal chains, methylation or demethylation of the ring, or changes in the terminal chains. According to these restricted metabolic correlations, the furan fatty acids can be classified in specific structural families of bis-homologs. Distinct parent furan compounds are likely for each of these families. [1-14C]Acetate was incorporated by fish into furan fatty acids. Their chemical oxidation showed that only the resulting dicarboxylic fragments were labelled. They represent the proximal chain including alpha-C of the ring. Label was not found in the monocarboxylic acids which represent terminal chains with alpha'-C, and ring-methyl substituents with beta- and beta'-C. Accordingly, fish do not synthesize from acetate the terminal alkyl chain including the carbons in the cyclic portion of the furan fatty acids.
Adductor muscle strains in sport.

An in-season adductor muscle strain may be debilitating for the athlete. Furthermore, an adductor strain that is treated improperly could become chronic and career threatening. Any one of the six muscles of the adductor group could be involved. The degree of injury can range from a minor strain (Grade I), where minimal playing time is lost, to a severe strain (Grade III) in which there is complete loss of muscle function. Ice hockey and soccer players seem particularly susceptible to adductor muscle strains. In professional ice hockey players throughout the world, ~10% of all injuries are groin strains. These injuries, which have been linked to hip muscle weakness, previous injuries to that area, preseason practice sessions and level of experience, may be preventable if such risk factors can be addressed before each season. Hip-strengthening exercises were shown to be an effective method of reducing the incidence of adductor strains in one closely followed National Hockey League ice hockey team. Despite the identification of risk factors and strengthening intervention for ice hockey players, adductor strains continue to occur throughout sport. Clinicians feel an active training programme, along with completely restoring the strength of the adductor muscle group, is the key to successful rehabilitation. Surgical intervention is available if nonoperative treatment fails for 6 months or longer. Adductor release and tenotomy was reported to have limited success in athletes.
RITMO, TEMPO Y TIEMPO HISTÓRICO: LA EXPERIENCIA DE LA TEMPORALIDAD BAJO EL NEOLIBERALISMO

Las limitaciones que existen sobre la evidencia en la interpretacion arqueologica ejemplifican el rigor metodologico que se requiere para explorar los significados que tienen los sitios historicos y los artefactos para sus habitantes. Diversas temporalidades, aunque disponibles para todas las sociedades, se ven filtradas por supuestos culturales diferentes y por el acceso desigual a los recursos. En particular, las ideologias oficiales nacionales —como lo ha sugerido el autor en anteriores trabajos sobre produccion artesanal y conservacion historica en Grecia, Italia y Tailandia— pueden llegar a encubrir los recursos simbolicos relevantes. Adicionalmente, a pesar de la capacidad de la tecnologia para expandir la agencia, la ideologia neoliberal, al comercializar la historia, limita las opciones de los politicamente debiles
Orthogonal structures on finite partial orders

Abstract By introducing an inner product on the linear space of real valued functions on a finite partial order, broad generalizations of Sperner's lemma are obtained. In the special case of a power set, the subspace spanned by the maximal chains is characterized. Finally, applications of the general theorem to the theory of numbers and to the theory of probability are given without proof.
Myocardial Tissue Characterization Using Pattern Recognition Procedures on Backscattered Ultrasonic Signals

Abstract Pattern recognition techniques were applied to backacattered signals obtained in vitro from normal and abnormal canine and human heart samples. Orthogonal tranaforms, in conjunction with the variance criterion, comprised the feature extractors. The minimum-distance (MD) and nearest-neighbor (NN) rules were used as classifiers. When the MD rule was used, the magnitude of the DFT gave the best performance for both canine and human samples. When the NN rule was used, all the transforms performed comparably. The classification performances were improved for both species when the NN rule was used with feature extractors containing phase information.
Transmission of low-frequency sound through the water-to-air interface

L.M. Brekhovskikh revealed and studied the important role played by inhomogeneous waves emitted by a point source when they pass through an interface with a medium in which the velocity of sound is lower, for example, from water to air. This paper studies the energy characteristics of sound emitted into air by an underwater point source. The energy transfer due to inhomogeneous waves is shown to cause the phenomenon of anomalous transparency of the interface for low-frequency sound. The anomalous transparency manifests itself in that the energy flux through the interface increases with decreasing frequency of sound and, at sufficiently low frequencies, almost all of the acoustic energy produced by the underwater source is emitted into air. Conversely, at high frequencies, when the contribution of the inhomogeneous waves becomes negligible, the water-to-air interface is similar to a perfectly reflecting surface and almost all of the acoustic energy produced by the source is emitted into water. The anomalous transparency phenomenon changes the conventional opinion on the possibility of acoustic coupling between points in water and air and on the role played by physical processes evolving in the water column in generating atmospheric acoustic noise.
β-adrenoceptor agonists interfere with glucocorticoid receptor DNA binding in rat lung

Abstract Inhaled β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists are the most effective bronchodilator treatment in asthma, yet paradoxically high doses may be associated with increased asthma morbidity and mortality. Steroids are the most effective therapy in controlling asthmatic inflammation and act by binding to specific sequences of DNA (GRE), thus modulating gene transcription. We report that in rat lung, the β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists, salbutamol and fenoterol, decrease the binding of glucocorticoid receptors to GRE, by 46 ± 4% although it has no effect on the affinity or number of glucocorticoid receptors. The inhibition of GRE binding by salbutamol is concentration-dependent, can be blocked by propranolol and is seen following forskolin treatment. This effect appears to be due to an interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and the transcription factor, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), which is activated by high concentrations of β 2 -adrenoceptors agonists. We suggest that by this mechanism high doses of inhaled β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists may inhibit the anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous glucocorticoids and exogenous corticosteroids used for asthma therapy.
Community-based place meanings for park planning

Abstract Place meanings provide visions for land‐use planning, are references to evaluate land‐uses, and act as baselines to assess environmental degradation. Roles for social science in park planning are becoming directed at understanding community‐based place meanings of stakeholders. Place meanings characterize reasons that an environment is valued and describe the uniqueness of a locale. Place meanings are characterized as being complex and difficult for people to know. The representation of place meanings are often embedded in stories of lived experiences, and the telling of these stories is audience sensitive. The lack of adequate venues to negotiate place meanings is a crisis in need of response by the park planning and leisure research community.
School psychologists' sense of efficacy for consultation

The Consultation Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES) was developed and validated to assess school psychologists' perceptions of self-efficacy for engaging in school-based consultation. A pilot study with graduate students (N = 92) indicated high internal consistency (α = .99) and provided evidence of discriminant validity, as a group with more consultation experience had significantly higher total self-efficacy scores (M = 512.25) than a moderately experienced group (M = 437.35). Subsequently, a sample of 347 practicing school psychologists completed a revised CSES, consistently endorsing moderate to high levels of consultation self-efficacy (M = 404.08, SD = 51.73). Although consultation self-efficacy was hypothesized to be a multidimensional construct, exploratory factor analysis indicated a single-factor structure. Construct validity of the instrument was supported by significant correlations between school psychologists' consultation self-efficacy ratings and perceptions of their ability to respond to hypothet...
A Brief Look into the Lambert W Function

The Lambert W function has its origin traced back 250 years, but it’s just been in the past several decades when some of the real usefulness of the function has been brought to the attention of the scientific community.