cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of inorganic double helices of cryptomelane nanomaterials

For the past century, researchers have invested great efforts in the synthesis of materials with various shapes and sizes. We have developed a method to prepare what appear to be inorganic double helices of cryptomelane nanomaterial with the highest surface area ever reported for this class of materials. The synthesis is based on the oxidation of MnSO4 by permanganate ion in acidic conditions at 65 ◦ C and wet-aging at 7 ◦ C for 48 h and then lyophilized for 8 days. The particle size, crystal structure, and properties of this nanomaterial have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and N2 adsorption (BET) analysis. The wet-aging time, and exposure to air during reaction affect the size of the crystals formed in the final product. The XRD pattern showed a single phase corresponding to the pure cryptomelane-type manganese oxide. TEM studies suggest a fibrous structure. In the HRTEM images, however, at 5 nm length scale, spiraling along the radial direction is clearly observed suggesting helices. The BET surface area of this nanomaterial was found to be 150 m 2 /g which is higher than the previous reported surface area (130 m 2 /g) [J.C. Villegas, L.J. Garces, S. Gomes, J.P. Durand, S.L. Suib Chem. Mater. 17 (2005) 1910] for this class of materials. The TGA measurement demonstrated that it possessed an excellent thermal stability up to 400 ◦ C. We show here that inorganic helices of cryptomelane nanomaterial may be produced at low temperature, without the use of template or cross-linking reagents.
Achieving 100% success ratio in finding the delay constrained least cost path

We introduce an iterative all hops k-shortest paths (IAHKP) algorithm that is capable of iteratively computing all hops k-shortest path (AHKP) from a source to a destination. Based on IAHKP, a high performance algorithm, dual iterative all hops k-shortest paths (DIAHKP) algorithm, is proposed. It can achieve 100% success ratio in finding the delay constrained least cost (DCLC) path with very low average computational complexity. The underlying concept is that since DIAHKP is a k-shortest-paths-based solution to DCLC, implying that its computational complexity increases with k, we can minimize its computational complexity by adaptively minimizing k, while achieving 100% success ratio in finding the optimal feasible path. Through extensive analysis and simulations, we show that DIAHKP is highly effective and flexible. By setting a very small upper bound to k (k=1,2), DIAHKP still can achieve very satisfactory performance. With only an average computational complexity of twice that of the standard Bellman-Ford algorithm, DIAHKP achieves 100% success ratio in finding the optimal feasible path in the typical 32-node network.
Effect of hypoxia and high altitude on thyroidal iodine metabolism in the rat.

In order to study the effects of hypoxia on thyroidal iodine metabolism, chambers were designed to maintain reduced concentrations of O2 at ambient barometric pressures. The resulting partial pressures of O2 simulated 15,000–18,000 feet altitude. Rats were kept in this environment for 7–9 days before they were injected with 131I- and killed. Thyroid weight was reduced only in the hypoxic animals previously fed a low iodine diet. Histology and radioautography suggested a “resting” gland in the hypoxic groups. The thyroidal accumulation of 131I- was decreased in the hypoxic animals in most experiments. The percentage of 131I- in the thyroidal homogenates was increased only in the iodine-deficient hypoxic groups. Chromatographic (collidine: H2O :NH3) analysis of pancreatin digests of these homogenates showed a marked decrease in T4-131I and T3-131I with a rise in D131IT. Studies carried out at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 37 days after groups of rats were transported to the summit of Pikes Peak, Colorado (14,100 ft) subst...
On the kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of cysteine and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.

The kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of cysteine by hydrogen peroxide have been recently investigated by Luo, Smith, and Anderson. The disappearance of cysteine (CSH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and the appearance of cystine (CSSC) were monitored by HPLC and analysis of that data lead the authors to propose the mechanism of Scheme I: rapid equilibrium to form cysteinate (CS ), followed by irreversible oxidation of CS by H2O2 to give cysteine sulfenic acid (CSOH), and nucleophilic attack on CSOH by CS to yield CSSC. Nonlinear least-squares fitting of the observed concentration-time profiles yielded values of k11⁄4 15.2 0.1/M s and k21⁄4 720 70/ M s for the second-order rate constants at 258C and pH 6.0. Regrettably, we do not agree with the analysis of Luo, Smith, and Anderson. We suggest herein that their data afford no insight into the mechanism that follows the rate-determining step, oxidation of CS by H2O2. Furthermore, as cited in the original study, the kinetics and mechanism of that step have been previously established. The kinetics for the mechanism of Scheme I can be defined by the following differential equations that only differ from those presented in the original study in that the acid-base equilibrium is included: d1⁄2CSH dt 1⁄4 ka1⁄2CSH þ k a1⁄2CS 1⁄2Hþ ð1Þ
Measurements of pulse mode behavior in weakly-clad silica waveguides

The behavior of 30 MHz pulses in eight weakly-clad (acoustically) silica fibers was examined with the goal of developing catheters for intravascular ultrasonic imaging. Comparisons of pulses prior to entering and after exiting the waveguide (single pass) were made to assess the fibers ability to propagate high frequency sound. An immersion transducer focussed sound into the proximal ends of 500 micron diameter silica fibers and a high frequency hydrophone was used to measure the ultrasound signal arriving at the distal ends. Attenuation and dispersion were found to be too large for imaging purposes.
Study of Surface Structure of Glass as Related to Its Durability

The durability of various glasses was studied by first submitting test samples to a controlled cyclic humidity test and evaluating the degree of surface breakdown by means of a haze meter. Electron microscope replicas were made of many samples and the pictures revealed the degree of attack and appearance of the eroded glass surfaces. This study carried out at high magnification indicated that the various glasses showed surface failures dependent on their composition and previous surface treatment. The technique is believed to offer considerable promise for the study of the durability of glass surfaces.
Energy-Efficient Strategies for Cooperative Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks

An opportunistic large array (OLA) is a group of simple, inexpensive relays or forwarding nodes that operate without any mutual coordination, but naturally fire together in response to energy received from a single source or another OLA. Therefore, OLAs do a form of cooperative transmission. OLAs, when used for broadcasting, form concentric rings around the source, and have been shown to use less energy than conventional multi-hop protocols. This paper proposes two energy efficient schemes: OLA-T for general OLA transmission and OLACRA for upstream routing in the topology of wireless sensor networks. OLA-T uses a transmission threshold to suppress nodes that would make weak contributions. OLA Concentric Routing Algorithm (OLACRA) exploits the concentric ring shapes of broadcast OLAs to limit flooding on the upstream connection. OLACRA-T is OLACRA with a transmission threshold. OLACRA-T and other variations of OLACRA are evaluated in terms of energy savings relative to a full flooding approach and probability of successful upstream routing. OLA-T and OLACRA-T are shown to save over 50% and 75%, respectively, of the energy relative to OLA flooding.
Association of Parkinson disease age of onset with DRD2, DRD3 and GRIN2B polymorphisms

Abstract Introduction Dopamine and glutamate are crucial neurotransmitters in Parkinson disease (PD). While recent large meta-analyses reported that genetic variation of dopamine (DRD2, DRD3) and glutamine (NMDA, GRIN2B) neurotransmitter receptors was not associated with PD risk, they could conceivably influence PD phenotype. We studied the association of these receptor polymorphisms relating to PD age of onset. Methods There were 664 PD patients and 718 controls, all Caucasian, with stored DNA at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. Genotyping was performed for DRD2 (Taq 1A, rs1800497), DRD3 (rs6280), and NMDA (GRIN2B, rs7301328) polymorphisms with ABI Taqman assays. Single nucleotide polymorphism associations with age of onset were evaluated using dominant, recessive, and additive genotypic models. Results DRD3 variant carriers had an approximate 4.4-year decrease in mean age of onset when both copies of the minor allele were present (P = 0.0034) and an approximate 1.5-year decrease in mean age at onset for every additional minor allele (P = 0.023) (recessive and additive models, respectively). There was no association with age of onset for DRD2 or GRIN2B under any statistical model (all P ≥ 0.22). Conclusions The DRD3 (rs6280) polymorphism, but not DRD2 (Taq1A) or GRIN2B, influences younger PD age of onset in the US Caucasian population. Validation of these findings in larger studies with other ethnic groups is indicated.
The Phosphorylation of Rhodopsin

Visual transduction in retinal photoreceptor cells results from a cascade of chemical reactions that translate a light signal into a hyperpolarization of the plasma membrane of the cell (reviewed by Stryer 1986; Chabre and Deterre 1989). The highly regulated reactions in this cascade are responsible for initiating, amplifying and quenching the light-induced electrical response. Three different proteins modulate the reactions by binding to the surface of metarhodopsin II during the course of photo-transduction: transducin, rhodopsin kinase, and arrestin. Transducin, a retina specific G-protein, is involved in amplifying the light signal; rhodopsin kinase and arrestin participate in quenching the light signal.
Tunneling α 2 F ( ω ) in thin-film Nb as a function of thickness

We have performed electron tunneling measurements on thin niobium films made by electron beam evaporation. From these data tunneling ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}F(\ensuremath{\omega})$, the electron-phonon spectral function has been generated as a function of thickness from 900 \AA{} down to 30 \AA{}. Despite the onset of some phonon mode softening as sample thickness gets thinner, the electron-photon coupling constant $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ decreases from 0.9 at 900 \AA{} to 0.74 at 30 \AA{} consistent with the drop in the transition temperature.
The Sovereign Claims from Within: The Rhetorical Displacement of Sovereign Bodies in Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl:

This article considers the impact of Ernst Kantorowicz’s The King’s Two Bodies for understanding how claims of sovereignty are authorized and legitimated in a secular age devoid of the divine grace that underwrites the sovereignty of the king in medieval times. Through a reading of Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 133 S.Ct. 2552 (2013), a case concerning the custody of a child of Cherokee descent, it demonstrates that sovereign bodies are constituted, (dis)placed, and recognized through an appeal to biopolitical logics. This insight is important as it invites a form of rhetorical critique that might account for the conditions in which sovereign claims fashion the terms of political community.
Germinating Corn Extracts and 6-Methoxy-2-Benzoxazolinone: Western Corn Root worm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Larval Attractants Evaluated with Soil Insecticides

6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA), a host-location semiochemical for western com root worm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, larvae, was tested as an attractant with the experimental insecticide chlorethoxyphos in laboratory and field experiments. Crude dichloromethane extracts of germinating com seedlings were tested as an additional attractant for incorporation in soil insecticides (chlorethoxyphos and carbofuran) in laboratory experiments. Significantly more western corn root worm larvae were recovered in the core portion of the bioassay apparatus (the portion where the attractant was located) in laboratory experiments when MBOA or a crude dichloromethane extract of germinating corn seedlings was present with insecticide than in the other three treatments (attractant alone, insecticide alone, and control), indicating that MBOA or a crude dichloromethane extract of germinating com seedlings are behaviorally active to western com root worm larvae at ambient carbon dioxide levels. In these same experiments, significantly more larvae died in the core portion of the bioassay when insecticide was present with an attractant than when insecticide alone or attractant alone were present, or in the control, indicating that either MBOA or crude dichloromethane extract of germinating corn seedlings can be used to increase insecticide efficacy in laboratory bioassays. Naturally infested and artificially infested field experiments were conducted in 1991 and 1992. Most of the MBOA/chlorethoxyphos combinations did not significantly lower com root worm damage when compared to the same level of chlorethoxyph phos without MBOA. The only MBOA/chlorethoxyphos combination that provided significantly reduced corn root worm damage was the 1992 naturally infested field experiments in Akron, CO. Treatments with granules containing both 2.5% chlorethoxyphos and 3 mg/g MBOA had significantly less com root worm damage (lower root ratings) than treatments with 2.5% chlorethoxyphos without MBOA. Western com root worm larvae are very sensitive to MBGA levels. The single attractant MBGA, though promising in laboratory studies, did not consistently increase the efficacy of chlorethoxyphos under the variable conditions of field studies.
Electrolyte dependence of particle motion near an electrode during ac polarization

The phase angle between the imposed ac electric field and the oscillations in particle height is the key parameter governing the sign of interparticle force during two-dimensional directed assembly. The phase angle depends on a number of experimental parameters, including the frequency of the electric field and dispersing electrolytes. The origin of electrolyte dependence in this phase angle has been a mystery for a decade. Electrolyte dependence arises from polarization of the particle's diffuse layer, which affects the dynamic electrophoretic mobility of the particle. A full description of the magnitude and phase angle of the dynamic electrophoretic mobility was incorporated into a nonlinear integro-differential equation of motion for a 5.7 \ensuremath{\mu}m diameter particle suspended in 0.15 mM KOH, KCl, NaHCO${}_{3}$, NH${}_{4}$OH, and NaOH at frequencies between 5 and 1000 Hz. Integration of the equation revealed that the phase angles for a particle in KOH, NH${}_{4}$OH, and NaOH were smaller than the phase angles calculated for a particle in KCl and NaHCO${}_{3}$, which is consistent with previously published experiments. Although the phase angles for each electrolyte are spread over only \ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, the results cluster around 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, which is the crucial boundary between particle aggregation (g90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}) and separation (90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}). A family of curves of the oscillation in particle height collapsed to a master curve when the amplitude of motion was scaled with the product of the dynamic electrophoretic mobility and electric field strength. These results constitute the first a priori prediction of electrolyte-dependent motion of a particle near an electrode during ac polarization.
Research on Reservoir-Forming Rule In Lishu Depression of Song-liao Basin Southeast Uplift Area

This article relies on the exploration Status of LiShu depression of song-liao basin southeast uplift area,research on source reservoir cap assemblage rule in study area.The sedimentary facies of Quantou Formation is mainly fluvial facies,Denglouku Formation is mainly shore-shallow lake facies and braided delta facies,fan-delta facies are developed in the surrounding area.
Objectivity of food-symptomatology surveys. Questionnaire on the "Chinese restaurant syndrome".

How much do “slanted” questions and suggestibility affect replies to “objective” questionnaire surveys of reactions to different foods?
Role of arteria baroreceptor input on thirst and urinary responses to intracerebroventricular angiotensin II

Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of angiotensin II (ANG II) in rats elicits greater water intake under hypotensive, compared with normotensive, conditions. The present experiments used sinoaortic baroreceptor-denervated (SAD) rats and sham-operated rats to examine if the modulatory effects of arterial blood pressure on water intake in response to icv ANG II are mediated by arterial baroreceptors. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was raised or lowered by intravenous (i.v.) infusions of phenylephrine (1 or 10 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1) or minoxidil (25 micrograms.kg-1 x min-1), respectively. The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (0.33 mg/min) was infused i.v. to prevent the endogenous formation of ANG II during testing. Urinary excretion of water and solutes was measured throughout. Water intake elicited by icv ANG II was inversely related to changes in MAP. Specifically, rats drank more water in response to icv ANG II when MAP was reduced by minoxidil but drank less water when MAP was elevated by phenylephrine. The influence of changing MAP on the icv ANG II-induced drinking responses was not affected by SAD. These results suggest that the modulatory effects of arterial blood pressure on icv ANG II-induced drinking can occur in the absence of sinoaortic baroreceptor input.
Evaluation of the Newborn with Ambiguous Genitalia

A newborn with ambiguous genitalia is an urgent problem which must be solved quickly and accurately. Adequate studies can be performed in the first few days of life to guide the physician to the correct gender choice. This paper outlines etiology, types of anomalies seen most often, studies that should be done to define the problem, factors guiding the choice of gender, and corrective surgical procedures.
Adverse Selection and Imperfect Information

We entrust to others the task of ensuring that our corporations are well run, our markets well regulated, and our assets kept safe. We cannot always ensure that the agents we hire will actually perform this duty. In an environment with imperfect information, many problems can arise that will confound our trust.
Advanced burner reactors with breed-and-burn thorium blankets for improved economics and resource utilization

AbstractThis paper assesses the feasibility of designing seed-and-blanket (S&B) sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) cores to generate a significant fraction of the core power from radial thorium-fueled blankets that operate in the breed-and-burn (B&B) mode. The radiation damage on the cladding material in both seed and blanket does not exceed the presently acceptable constraint of 200 displacements per atom (dpa). The S&B core is designed to have an elongated seed (or driver) to maximize the fraction of neutrons that radially leak into the subcritical B&B blanket and reduce the neutron loss via axial leakage. A specific objective of this study is to maximize the fraction of core power generated by the B&B blanket that is proportional to the neutron leakage rate from the seed to the blanket. Since the blanket feed fuel is very inexpensive and requires no reprocessing and remote fuel fabrication, a larger fraction of power from the blanket will result in a lower fuel cycle cost per unit of electricity generate...
Does adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) exacerbate cognitive impairment in elderly breast cancer (BC) patients? Results of a prospective, longitudinal study

10530 Background: Over the last few years, several retrospective studies documented cognitive impairment in post-chemotherapy BC patients. This decline was hypothesized to be related to CT (“chemo-...
Trends in Carbon Content of Vegetation in South and Southeast Asia Associated with Changes in Land Use

The land-use data set of Richards and Flint described in Chapter 2 was used to derive a set of estimates of the total carbon content of live vegetation in 13 South and Southeast Asia nations in 1880, 1920, 1950, and 1980. A bookkeeping model was developed to produce estimates of the magnitude of the live-phytomass carbon pool for 93 discrete geographic units for those same dates. These data were then aggregated at the national and supranational levels to allow estimation of net changes in carbon stock of vegetation with time for those regions by simple subtraction.
Real-time quantitative analysis of metabolic flux in live cells using a hyperpolarized micromagnetic resonance spectrometer

Metabolic reprogramming is widely considered a hallmark of cancer, and understanding metabolic dynamics described by the conversion rates or “fluxes” of metabolites can shed light onto biological processes of tumorigenesis and response to therapy. For real-time analysis of metabolic flux in intact cells or organisms, magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy and imaging methods have been developed in conjunction with hyperpolarization of nuclear spins. These approaches enable noninvasive monitoring of tumor progression and treatment efficacy and are being tested in multiple clinical trials. However, because of their limited sensitivity, these methods require a larger number of cells, on the order of 107, which is impractical for analyzing scant target cells or mass-limited samples. We present a new technology platform, a hyperpolarized micromagnetic resonance spectrometer (HMRS), that achieves real-time, 103-fold more sensitive metabolic analysis on live cells. This platform enables quantification of the metabolic flux in a wide range of cell types, including leukemia stem cells, without significant changes in viability, which allows downstream molecular analyses in tandem. It also enables rapid assessment of metabolic changes by a given drug, which may direct therapeutic choices in patients. We further advanced this platform for high-throughput analysis of hyperpolarized molecules by integrating a three-dimensionally printed microfluidic system. The HMRS platform holds promise as a sensitive method for studying metabolic dynamics in mass-limited samples, including primary cancer cells, providing novel therapeutic targets and an enhanced understanding of cellular metabolism.
The Ethics of Translational Science: Imagining Public Benefit in Gene-Environment Interaction Research

Biomedical research is increasingly informed by expectations of “translation,” which call for the production of scientific knowledge that can be used to create services and products that improve health outcomes. In this paper, we ask how translation, in particular the idea of social responsibility, is understood and enacted in the post-genomic life sciences. Drawing on theories examining what constitutes “good science,” and interviews with 35 investigators who study the role of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, we describe the dynamic and unsettled ethics of translational science through which the expected social value of scientific knowledge about complex disease causation is negotiated. To describe how this ethics is formed, we first discuss the politics of knowledge production in interdisciplinary research collectives. Researchers described a commitment to working across disciplines to examine a wide range of possible causes of disease, but they also pointed to persistent disciplinary and ontological divisions that rest on the dominance of molecular conceptions of disease risk. The privileging of molecular-level causation shapes and constrains the kinds of knowledge that can be created about gene-environment interactions. We then turn to scientists’ ideas about how this knowledge should be used, including personalized prevention strategies, targeted therapeutics, and public policy interventions. Consensus about the relative value of these anticipated translations was elusive, and many scientists agreed that gene-environment interaction research is part of a shift in biomedical research away from considering important social, economic, political and historical causes of disease and disease disparities. We conclude by urging more explicit engagement with questions about the ethics of translational science in the post-genomic life sciences. This would include a consideration of who will benefit from emerging scientific knowledge, how benefits will accrue, and the ways in which normative assumptions about the public good come to be embedded in scientific objects and procedures.
Father Involvement and Behavior Problems Among Preadolescents at Risk of Maltreatment

Although there is a well-established connection between father involvement and children’s positive behavioral development in general, this relation has been understudied in more vulnerable and high-risk populations. The aims of this study were to examine how the quantity (i.e., the amount of shared activities) and quality (i.e., perceived quality of the father-child relationship) of father involvement are differently related to internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among preadolescents at risk of maltreatment and test if these associations are moderated by father type and child maltreatment. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). Generalized estimating equations analysis was performed on a sample of 499 preadolescents aged 12 years. The results indicated that higher quality of father involvement was associated with lower levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems whereas greater quantity of father involvement was associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The positive association between the quantity of father involvement and behavior problems was stronger in adolescents who were physically abused by their father. The association between father involvement and behavior problems did not differ by the type of father co-residing in the home. The findings suggest that policies and interventions aimed at improving the quality of fathers’ relationships and involvement with their children may be helpful in reducing behavior problems in adolescents at risk of maltreatment.
Abstract TP256: mStroke: "Mobile Stroke" - Improving Acute Stroke Care With Smartphone Technology

Introduction: The use of mobile electronic care coordination via smartphone technology is a novel approach aimed at increasing efficiency in acute stroke care. One such platform, StopStroke© (Pulsa...
Assessment of Function after Free Tissue Transfer to the Lower Extremity for Chronic Wounds Using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale

Background Free tissue transfer is one option for preservation of form and function in the native limb, in the setting of soft tissue paucity. However, the data on patient functionality after microvascular intervention is inconsistently reported. The Lower Extremity Function Scale (LEFS) measures patient-reported difficulty in carrying out 20 physical activities, on a Likert scale, the sum of which correlates with descriptive functional stages of 1–5. We assess limb functionality in this cohort of microvascular patients using the LEFS survey. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted at a single academic medical center of 101 consecutive free flaps, from 2011 to 2016. Of the flaps that met inclusion criteria, 39 had completed LEFS surveys. Mean LEFS scores were calculated, and the effects of risk factors such as diabetes, age, and smoking status were analyzed. Results The mean LEFS score after free tissue transfer was 50.3 (SD ± 21.1), with a mean follow up survey time of 3.0 years (SD ± 1.3). The score correlated with Stage 4 function, or "independent community ambulation,” and age was the only demographic factor associated with decreased functionality in this group. This is compared with mean LEFS score of 43.1 (SD ± 18.4) in cohort of 55 below knee amputations (BKAs), and 38.3 (SD ± 14.9) in 28 above knee amputations (AKAs), both correlating with Stage 3 function: “limited community ambulation.” Conclusions Functional outcomes scores such as the LEFS demonstrate that patients can obtain an adequate level of functionality for independent community activity after free tissue transfer, although functional improvement diminishes with age.
Blindness, visual impairment and the problem of uncorrected refractive error in a Mexican-American population: Proyecto VER.

PURPOSE. To report the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment and the contribution of uncorrected refractive error to visual loss in a population-based sample of Mexican Americans aged 40 and older. METHODS. Proyecto VER is a population-based study of blindness and visual impairment in Mexican Americans in Arizona. Block groups in Tucson and Nogales were randomly selected with probability proportional to the size of the Mexican-American population aged 40 and older. Participants had a complete ophthalmic evaluation, including assessment of presenting and best corrected visual acuity using standardized procedures. Those with presenting visual acuity worse than 20/30 had refraction to determine best corrected vision. A home questionnaire and a clinic examination provided data on education, perception of visual impairment, income, and acculturation. RESULTS. The prevalence of presenting visual acuity worse than 20/40 was 8.2%, with uncorrected refractive error accounting for 73% of the impaired acuity. In multivariate models comparing those who improved two or more lines on the acuity chart with proper refraction with those who had adequate optical correction, uncorrected refractive error showed a strong association with age, less than 13 years of education (odds ratio [OR] 1.6, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-2.0), low acculturation index (OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.3), lack of insurance coverage (OR 1.4, CI 1.1-1.7), and not having seen an eye-care provider in the past 2 years (OR 2.5, CI 2.1-3.0). Prevalence of best corrected acuity worse than 20/40 increased from 0.3% in those aged 40 to 49 years to 18% in those aged 80 years or more. CONCLUSIONS. Visual loss in this Mexican-American population is higher than has been reported in whites and is comparable to that in African Americans. Almost three quarters of those with visual acuity impairment would improve with optical correction. Socioeconomic factors that are probable markers of limited access to health care services were associated with uncorrected refractive error. These data suggest that education programs and interventions to improve access to eye care could significantly decrease the burden of visual loss among Mexican Americans.
Mechanisms for Parallel Computers

Most existing parallel computers have similar structure. However, they are specialized to a particular parallel programming model by a set of special-purpose, hardwired mechanisms. We propose a set of generalized mechanisms for parallel computing that efficiently support most proposed parallel programming models. The mechanisms we propose are primitive hardware mechanisms from which more complex model specific mechanisms can be built. A send mechanism transmits data to a remote node and optionally allocates storage and creates a process. A data synchronization mechanism associates synchronization state with each addressable word of storage and allows processes to synchronize on accesses to data. Naming is performed with a map mechanism that associates virtual addresses with remote nodes or local storage locations. To efficiently support parallel programming models using these mechanisms, a processor must be able to switch processes and handle exceptions rapidly. In this paper, we describe these mechanisms, compare them to alternatives, and give examples of their use.
Pearls for Müller’s Muscle-Conjunctival Resection-Ptosis Procedure Combined with Upper Blepharoplasty

Pearls for the Mueller’s muscle-conjunctival resection ptosis procedure combined with upper blepharoplasty include frontal nerve block, large Desmarres retractor, placement of marking suture only through conjunctiva, the Bausch and Lomb Storz clamp, phenylephrine text to determine resection amount, sutures to facilitate clamp placement for small resections, spatula needle to avoid suture severing, burying of the suture knot subconjunctivally, and reconstruction of eyelid crease by attaching pretarsal orbicularis to levator.
Potorous tridactylus apicalis (Rat kangaroo)

All chromosome pairs are morphologically distinguishable. The X chromosome has a deep secondary constriction on the long arm near the centromere.
Deep 3D dose analysis for prediction of outcomes after liver stereotactic body radiation therapy

Accurate and precise dose delivery is the key factor for radiation therapy (RT) success. Currently, RT planning is based on optimization of oversimplified dose-volume metrics that consider all human organs to be homogeneous. The limitations of such an approach result in suboptimal treatments with poor outcomes: short survival, early cancer recurrence and radiation-induced toxicities of healthy organs. This paper pioneers the concept of deep 3D dose analysis for outcome prediction after liver stereotactic body RT (SBRT). The presented work develops tools for unification of dose plans into the same anatomy space, classifies dose plan using convolutional neural networks with transfer learning form anatomy images, and assembles the first volumetric liver atlas of the critical-to-spare liver regions. The concept is validated on prediction of post-SBRT survival and local cancer progression using a clinical database of primary and metastatic liver SBRTs. The risks of negative SBRT outcomes are quantitatively estimated for individual liver segments.
Elevated midline head positioning of extremely low birth weight infants: effects on cardiopulmonary function and the incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage

Changes in cerebrovascular hemodynamics associated with head position may be important in the pathogenesis of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PIVH) in premature infants. This study evaluated the effect of elevated midline head positioning on cardiopulmonary function and the incidence of PIVH. ELBW infants were randomized to FLAT (flat, supine) or ELEV (supine, bed elevated 30 degrees) for 96 h. Cardiopulmonary function, complications of prematurity, and the occurrence of PIVH were documented. Infants were randomized into FLAT (n = 90) and ELEV groups (n = 90). No significant differences were seen in the incidence of BPD or other respiratory complications. The ELEV group developed significantly fewer grade 4 hemorrhages (p = 0.036) and survival to discharge was significantly higher in the ELEV group (p = 0.037). Managing ELBW infants in an elevated midline head position for the first 4 days of life appears safe and may decrease the likelihood of severe PIVH and improve survival.
Training in Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention: A 50-Year Journey From Makarska to Goa

The first International Ten-Day Teaching Seminar on Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Prevention was held in Makarska, in the former Yugoslavia in August 1968. The goals of the Seminar were to help bridge the gap between cardiology and cardiovascular epidemiology, promote international collaboration, and provide training in cardiovascular epidemiology and prevention. The 50th Seminar took place in Goa, India in June 2018. This perspective article provides an overview of the major accomplishments of the Seminar as well as its persisting challenges. It also addresses unique opportunities as the Seminar embarks on the next phase of international training seminars in cardiovascular epidemiology and prevention. In particular, this article highlights strategies that offer the opportunity to significantly increase the number of Seminar participants annually, especially from low- and middle-income countries and Small Island Developing States where the burden and trend in cardiovascular diseases and cardiometabolic risk factors pose the greatest concerns. It also discusses the importance of using big data for descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics at the local level, and the need to leverage information technology and digital platforms to create greater access to and sharing of lessons learned. The article also highlights the opportunity to embrace active dissemination and implementation research and the science of health care delivery as important components of training in cardiovascular disease epidemiology and prevention.
Synthesis and crystal structures of 5,5'-(propane-2,2-di-yl)bis-(2-hy-droxy-benzaldehyde) and 5,5'-(propane-2,2-di-yl)bis-(2-hy-droxy-isophthalaldehyde).

The title compounds 5,5′-(propane-2,2-di­yl)bis­(2-hy­droxy­benzaldehyde), C17H16O4, (1), and 5,5′-(propane-2,2-di­yl)bis­(2-hy­droxy­isophthalaldehyde), C19H16O6, (2), crystallize with one mol­ecule in the asymmetric unit. In mol­ecule (1), a >C(CH3)2 group bridges two nearly planar salicyl­aldehyde groups [r.m.s deviations = 0.010 (1) and 0.025 (2) A], each comprising a planar phenyl ring bonded with a hydroxyl and an aldehyde group. Similarly, compound (2) has the same bridging group, but it connects two nearly planar appendants [r.m.s deviations = 0.034 (1) and 0.035 (1) A], each comprising a phenyl ring bonded with a hydroxyl and two aldehyde groups. Mol­ecule (1) exhibits a bridge angle of 109.5 (2)° with the salicyl­aldehyde planes subtending a dihedral angle of 88.4 (1)°. In contrast, mol­ecule (2) presents a bridge angle of 108.9 (2)° with its appendants subtending a dihedral angle of 79.6 (3)°. Both mol­ecules exhibit two intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds involving the phenolic H atoms and carboxyl O-atom acceptors. In the crystal of (2), O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between one of the hydroxyl H atoms and a carboxyl O atom from a symmetry-related mol­ecule form a chain along [10\overline{1}]. In addition, (2) exhibits a strong visible luminescence when excited with ultraviolet radiation.
Dieting is associated with reduced bone mineral accrual in a longitudinal cohort of girls

Peak bone mass accrual occurs during adolescence, a time when dieting and related eating behaviors are common. Impaired bone mineral accrual is a known consequence of eating disorders in adolescents, but the effects of subclinical dieting behaviors on bone mineral content (BMC) have not been described in this age group. The goal of this analysis was to determine whether dieting behavior in preadolescence and adolescence is associated with bone mineral accrual in adolescent girls. Non-Hispanic white girls (n = 139) were followed in a longitudinal cohort study. BMC was assessed at ages 9 and 15y. Dieting to lose weight was reported every 2 years, and dietary restraint and disinhibition, eating attitudes, weight concerns, and body esteem were assessed at age 11y. Girls were classified as “early dieters” if they first dieted by age 11y (31.7%), “adolescent dieters” if they first dieted after 11y (46.8%), or non-dieters if they did not report dieting by 15 y (21.6%). The effect of dieting related variables on BMC at 15y and change in BMC from 9 to 15y was assessed using linear regression, controlling for height, weight, BMI, physical activity, and pubertal status. Girls who first reported dieting to lose weight by age 11y had a 4.2% lower bone mineral accrual across adolescence (p = 0.02) and 3.1% lower BMC at age 15y (p = 0.005) than girls who first reported dieting after 11y or not at all. Number of weight control behaviors used, dietary restraint, and weight concerns were also negatively associated with BMC (p < 0.05). Dieting behavior in preadolescence is associated with reduced bone mineral accrual. Strategies to promote optimal bone development should include prevention of dieting. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03342430, November 17, 2017. Retrospectively registered.
Training in Sexual and Gender Minority Health - Expanding Education to Reach All Clinicians.

Training in Sexual and Gender Minority Health The focus of sexual and gender minority health education has shifted to cover training for all clinicians, and training has been increasingly mandated ...
Double-Pointed Optical Antenna in the Longwave Infrared (LWIR) Spectral Regime

Photonic antennas provide an effective approach for the light receiving with engineerable near fields and receiving gains. Various antennas such as dipole, bow-tie, circular disk, circular ring, and pointed-dipole antenna have been reported with an enhancement to infrared detection. In this paper, we report a new double-pointed optical antenna and its enhancement in the longwave infrared (LWIR, 8-12 μm or 25 tera-Hz to 37.5 tera-Hz) spectral regime. The double-pointed photonic antennas are simulated and compared with the single-pointed dipole antenna. It is found that the double-pointed photonic antennas show higher E-fields in the LWIR spectral regime for both the single antenna or coupled antenna configurations. The uncoupled double-pointed dipole antenna can be modeled as an RLC circuit, whereas the coupled double-pointed dipole antennas show clear Fano-type interference between the transmission and the discrete plasmonic resonant modes. The E-fields of the double-pointed antenna are also compared to those of the bow-tie antenna with the same gap dimension.
Is More Always Better?: Discovering Incentivized mHealth Intervention Engagement Related to Health Behavior Trends

Behavioral medicine is devoting increasing attention to the topic of participant engagement and its role in effective mobile health (mHealth) behavioral interventions. Several definitions of the term "engagement" have been proposed and discussed, especially in the context of digital health behavioral interventions. We consider that engagement refers to specific interaction and use patterns with the mHealth tools such as smartphone applications for intervention, whereas adherence refers to compliance with the directives of the health intervention, independent of the mHealth tools. Through our analysis of participant interaction and self-reported behavioral data in a college student health study with incentives, we demonstrate an example of measuring "effective engagement" as engagement behaviors that can be linked to the goals of the desired intervention. We demonstrate how clustering of one year of weekly health behavior self-reports generate four interpretable clusters related to participants' adherence to the desired health behaviors: healthy and steady, unhealthy and steady, decliners, and improvers. Based on the intervention goals of this study (health promotion and behavioral change), we show that not all app usage metrics are indicative of the desired outcomes that create effective engagement. As such, mHealth intervention design might consider eliciting not just more engagement or use overall, but rather, effective engagement defined by use patterns related to the desired behavioral outcome.
Reticular erythematous mucinosis: A rare cutaneous mucinosis

Reticular erythematous mucinosis (REM) is a rare form of primary cutaneous mucinosis, most often involving the midline of the upper chest or back in middle-aged women. REM bears clinical and histopathologic resemblance to lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET), dermatomyositis, scleredema, and lichen myxedematosus. Early recognition and diagnosis of REM is particularly relevant to exclude the abovementioned diseases, as REM is more benign and has fewer systemic consequences.
Impaired CD4+ T-Cell Recovery after Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Myeloma and Lymphoma in the Modern Era

High dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) offers a cure in the relapsed setting in both Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Additionally, it remains a first-line standard of care in multiple myeloma (MM) patients whom are eligible for ASCT. However, the management of these hematologic malignancies continues to rapidly evolve with non-cytotoxic therapeutic options such as development of new cellular therapies. These developments underscore the importance of monitoring immune reconstitution after ASCT. Immune reconstitution panels (IRP) were evaluated retrospectively in all lymphoma and MM patients over a 6-year span (2012-2018) whom underwent ASCT at our institution. Patients were included if they had at least two IRP evaluations including (1) a pre-ASCT measured within 30 days of ASCT, (2) day 30-45, (3) day 60-90, and (4) at 1-year post-ASCT. Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood of treated patients were analyzed by flow cytometry for assessment of lymphocyte phenotype and numbers. The data on 110 patients were available for analysis (72 MM, 34 NHL, 4 HL). All lymphoma patients were conditioned with BEAM. All MM patients were conditioned with a standard high dose melphalan regimen. The median pre-ASCT absolute CD3 counts in the lymphoma cohort were significantly lower than the MM cohort at 1709 cells/μL vs 3309 cells/μL, respectively (P Impaired T-cell reconstitution in both lymphoma and MM continues through 1-year post-ASCT. As shown, a larger percent reduction in median CD3 and CD4 counts through day 365 was appreciated in MM compared to lymphoma. Impaired recovery of CD4+ T cells may increase the risk of opportunistic infections, decrease the response to vaccination, and lead to ineffective anti-tumor response. Further prospective and larger retrospective studies like this should continue in the modern-era as they may help predict responses to further interventions requiring a robust T-cell repertoire for maximal efficacy such as CAR-T cell and BiTE therapies.
Oncological outcomes following radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with positive lymph nodes.

584Background: To determine oncological outcomes among patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder with positive lymph nodes (LN). Methods: On a retr...
Nuclear lamin phosphorylation: an emerging role in gene regulation and pathogenesis of laminopathies

Decades of studies have established that nuclear lamin polymers form the nuclear lamina, a protein meshwork that supports the nuclear envelope structure and tethers heterochromatin to the nuclear p...
Are Eating Disorders Addictions

Eating disorders overlap with substance use disorders and addictions in many important ways, including clinical phenomenology, comorbidity, pathophysiology, neurobiology, and treatment approaches. Evidence is reviewed for and against the contention that the eating disordered behaviors of dieting, binge eating, purging, and exercising are potentially addictive behaviors. In addition, abuse of and dependence upon substances meant to inhibit appetite (stimulants), reduce caloric absorption (laxatives, lipase inhibitors), decrease water weight (diuretics), or induce vomiting (ipecac) are characteristic features of eating disorders with bulimic features. The phenomenology of the eating disorders is viewed in light of the DSM-5 criteria for an addictive disorder and the new description of an addiction recently published by the American Society of Addiction Medicine. Both sets of criteria support the conclusion that eating disordered behaviors can be phenotypically conceptualized as addictive. On the other hand, eating disorders exhibit clinical characteristics not seen in classical substance use disorders or addictions, including distortions in body size and shape as well as intense fear of gaining weight. The therapeutic implications of treating eating disorders as addictive disorders are discussed. Taken together, eating disorders may be conceptualized as addictive disorders in at least a subset of individuals, but further research is required to determine if tolerance and withdrawal occur in humans.