cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative Male Spawning Tactics and Acoustic Signals in the Plainfin Midshipman Fish Porichthys notatus Girard (Teleostei, Batrachoididae)

The plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus has two male reproductive morphs, ‘Type I’ and ‘Type II’, which are distinguishable by their physical traits alone. Type I males are eight times larger in body mass than Type II males and have a six-fold larger relative sonic (vocal) muscle mass than Type II males. In contrast, the testicles of Type II males are seven times larger than those of Type I males. This study demonstrates morph-specific patterns of reproduction, including acoustic signals, for Type I and II males. Field censuses of nests showed that only Type 1 males maintained nests. Type II males and females transiently appeared in these nests in association with each other. Infra-red video and hydrophone recordings in aquaria showed that Type I males maintained nests and readily vocalized. Long-duration ‘hums’ and sequences of short-duration ‘grunts’ were produced during advertisement and agonistic contexts, respectively. Humming Type I males attracted females to their nests, pair-spawned, and then guarded egg clutches alone. By contrast, Type II males neither acoustically courted females nor maintained available nest sites, but rather ‘sneak-’ or ‘satellite-spawned’ at the nests of Type I males. Type II males infrequently produced low amplitude, short duration grunts that were similar in spectral, temporal and amplitude characteristics to the grunts of females. Type II males appear to be obligate sexual parasites of the nest-building, mate-calling, and egg-guarding Type I males. The dimorphic body and vocal muscle traits of the two male morphs in the plainfin midshipman are thus paralleled by a divergence in their reproductive tactics and the properties of their acoustic signals.
Kinesin’s tail domain is an inhibitory regulator of the motor domain

When not bound to cargo, the motor protein kinesin is in an inhibited state that has low microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity. Inhibition serves to minimize the dissipation of ATP and to prevent mislocalization of kinesin in the cell. Here we show that this inhibition is relieved when kinesin binds to an artificial cargo. Inhibition is mediated by kinesin’s tail domain: deletion of the tail activates the ATPase without need of cargo binding, and inhibition is re-established by addition of exogenous tail peptide. Both ATPase and motility assays indicate that the tail does not prevent kinesin from binding to microtubules, but rather reduces the motor’s stepping rate.
Skin Heating and Injury by Prolonged Millimeter-Wave Exposure: Theory Based on a Skin Model Coupled to a Whole Body Model and Local Biochemical Release From Cells at Supraphysiologic Temperatures

Energy dissipation by millimeter-wavelength electromagnetic-radiation (MMW; f~3-300 GHz) exposure to mammalian skin occurs within the outer surface. The penetration depth is less than 1 mm for frequencies above 25 GHz. A transport-lattice system model is used, which incorporates two spatial scales to estimate heat and chemical transport in rat skin in vivo: 1) a layered skin model involving the outer several millimeters of the body coupled to 2) a whole body model. The whole body model accounts for core-body heating, which provides a time-dependent reference temperature for blood perfusion in the skin model as well as the chemical concentration in the bloodstream and renal elimination. The model's thermal response to MMW exposure is consistent with the subcutaneous and colonic temperature measurements reported for 75 mWmiddotcm-2 and 40-min exposures at 94 GHz in anesthetized rats. The simultaneous involvement of two biophysical mechanisms that create different chemical changes in response to the field exposure is also considered. First, a traditional nonspecific thermal-injury indicator is used to estimate denaturing molecular change due directly to heating as a function of depth in the skin. Rat skin exposed in vivo to 75 mWmiddotcm-2 for long times (40 min) has a significant direct injury, while a 10-s exposure to 1 Wmiddotcm -2 results in a much less direct injury. Second, the biophysical mechanism of biochemical release through cell membranes within the tissue regions that reach supraphysiologic temperatures is also considered. The released molecules are delivered to other skin regions by diffusion and into the bloodstream by perfusion, where according to our hypothesis, the molecules interact with susceptible cells. This raises the possibility of additional indirect injury at nearby deeper skin regions that experience insignificant heating. Biochemical release may also lead to injury at distant sites within the body by perfusion clearance that transfers molecules into the systemic circulation to reach other susceptible cells. The hypothesis of simultaneous direct- and indirect-injury mechanisms is also illustrated by creating and solving didactic, coupled thermal, and chemical transport-lattice models
Tumor-specific CD4+ T cells maintain effector and memory tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.

Immunotherapies that augment antitumor T cells have had recent success for treating patients with cancer. Here we examined whether tumor-specific CD4+ T cells enhance CD8+ T-cell adoptive immunotherapy in a lymphopenic environment. Our model employed physiological doses of tyrosinase-related protein 1-specific CD4+ transgenic T cells-CD4+ T cells and pmel-CD8+ T cells that when transferred individually were subtherapeutic; however, when transferred together provided significant (p ≤ 0.001) therapeutic efficacy. Therapeutic efficacy correlated with increased numbers of effector and memory CD8+ T cells with tumor-specific cytokine expression. When combined with CD4+ T cells, transfer of total (naive and effector) or effector CD8+ T cells were highly effective, suggesting CD4+ T cells can help mediate therapeutic effects by maintaining function of activated CD8+ T cells. In addition, CD4+ T cells had a pronounced effect in the early posttransfer period, as their elimination within the first 3 days significantly (p < 0.001) reduced therapeutic efficacy. The CD8+ T cells recovered from mice treated with both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells had decreased expression of PD-1 and PD-1-blockade enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of pmel-CD8 alone, suggesting that CD4+ T cells help reduce CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. These data support combining immunotherapies that elicit both tumor-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for treatment of patients with cancer.
60GHz CMOS low power single chip radio: The intersection of gaming and connectivity

The past few years have witnessed the emergence of CMOS based circuits and low loss, low cost packaging technology operating at millimeter wave-frequencies, in particular at 60GHz. This provides an unique opportunity to address the requirements of a multitude of “bandwidth hungry” emerging multimedia applications. Three main uses cases have been identified: peer-to-peer connectivity, PC connectivity and HDMI cable replacement. As standardization efforts catalyzed the interest and investment of industry and agencies, one can count on the spreading in a fairly near future of the 60GHz technology in the consumer electronic marketplace at the intersection of gaming and connectivity.
Chamber properties from transmitral flow: prediction of average and passive left ventricular diastolic stiffness

A chamber stiffness (K LV)-transmitral flow (E-wave) deceleration time relation has been invasively validated in dogs with the use of average stiffness [(ΔP/ΔV)avg].K LV is equivalent to k E, the (...
Hydrodynamic Radii of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Determined from Experimental Polyproline II Propensities

The properties of disordered proteins are thought to depend on intrinsic conformational propensities for polyproline II (PPII) structure. While intrinsic PPII propensities have been measured for the common biological amino acids in short peptides, the ability of these experimentally determined propensities to quantitatively reproduce structural behavior in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) has not been established. Presented here are results from molecular simulations of disordered proteins showing that the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) can be predicted from experimental PPII propensities with good agreement, even when charge-based considerations are omitted. The simulations demonstrate that Rh and chain propensity for PPII structure are linked via a simple power-law scaling relationship, which was tested using the experimental Rh of 22 IDPs covering a wide range of peptide lengths, net charge, and sequence composition. Charge effects on Rh were found to be generally weak when compared to PPII effects on Rh. Results from this study indicate that the hydrodynamic dimensions of IDPs are evidence of considerable sequence-dependent backbone propensities for PPII structure that qualitatively, if not quantitatively, match conformational propensities measured in peptides.
Linkage relationships among four enzyme loci in the predatory, treehole mosquito

Estimates are reported for the linkage distances between the isozyme loci for hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HbDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and esterase 8 (Est 8) in the predatory, treehole mosquito, Toxorhynchites rutilus rutilus. Measured linkage distances suggest that these four loci form a single autosomal linkage group approximately 47.4 linkage units in length. The estimates were measured with error because of small family sizes and, perhaps, because of different rates of recombination between males and females or the presence of a paracentric inversion associated with this linkage group. The four loci are tentatively placed in the following order: Est 8--HbDH--PGM--PGI.
Graphite Fiber/Polyimide Composites with Improved Processability

In an effort to improve the processing characteristics of addition-type polyimide matrix resins, the use of flexibilized three-ring and four-ring aryl diamines was investigated. A series of fourteen diamines containing carbonyl and methylene, as well as thio connecting groups was synthesized. The diamines were polymerized with the dimethyl ester of 3,3, ′4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, using the monomethyl ester of nadic acid as an end cap. The effect of diamine structure on the solubility and rheological properties during cure, as well as glass transition temperature and thermo- oxidative stability of neat resins was determined. Graphite fiber-reinforced composites were fabricated from selected resin formulations, and composite thermomechanical properties were investigated.
Abstract B14: Community health workers support CBPR ethics: Lessons learned along the research-to-practice-to-community continuum.

Ethical principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR)'specifically, community engagement, mutual learning, action-reflection, and commitment to sustainability' stem from the work of Kurt Lewin and Paulo Freire. These are particularly relevant in cancer disparities research because vulnerable populations are often construed to be powerless, supposedly benefiting from programs over which they have no control. The long history of exploiting minority individuals and communities for research purposes (the U.S. Public Health Service Tuskegee Syphilis Study being the most notorious) has left a legacy of mistrust of research and researchers. The purpose of this abstract is to examine experiences and lessons learned from community health workers (CHWs) in the 10-year translation of an educational intervention in the research-to-practice-to-community continuum, with a focus on colorectal cancer screening. We conclude that the central role played by CHWs enabled the community to gain some degree of control over the intervention and its delivery, thus operationalizing the ethical principles of CBPR. GRANT SUPPORT: U54 CA118638. Citation Format: Selina A. Smith, Daniel S. Blumenthal. Community health workers support CBPR ethics: Lessons learned along the research-to-practice-to-community continuum. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2012 Oct 27-30; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B14.
A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of Mbe-Grown GAAS(001)-Faceted Surfaces

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and reflection high-energy diffraction (RHEED) have been employed to investigate the morphology of faceted GaAs(001) surfaces grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The RHEED pattern monitored during the growth indicates that the faceting corresponds to (711)A planes. The STM images obtained on these surfaces reveal predominantly a (2×4) local ordering, although unusual (2×3) and (2×6) structures have also been observed. The atom-resolved imaging of the (2×4) structure indicates that the unit cell consists of two As dimers and two missing dimers, identical to the structure obtained on the flat As-rich GaAs(001)-(2×4) surface. Furthermore, islands on the surface are found to be anisotropic, with a shape anisotropy of about 4:1 for step A to step B. The anisotropy is explained in terms of the difference in step edge reactivity.
Study on the Regional Drought Evaluation System Under Complex Multi-Factor Affection

On the basic of taking multiple-layered influence factors of drought and nonlinearity and complexity of drought evaluation system into account,the multiplication combination weighting method and set pair analysis method were combined to build a regional drought evaluation system under the influence of a kind of complex multiple factors.The combination weight of the evaluation indexes was determined by use of entropy method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to effectively weaken the subjectivity of analytic hierarchy process;the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was replaced by set pair analysis to more-refined depict the complex links between index value and drought classification.The regional drought in Hebei Province piedmont was evaluated using this drought evaluation system,and it is proved that the evaluation results correspond with the actual degree of drought in Hebei Province.
Depression Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Across the Lifespan

This article focuses on six basic components of more effective depression care, emphasizing systems of team-based and collaborative care for diagnosis, monitoring, and follow-up. It also emphasizes the principles of stepped care and proactive and timely intensification of treatment, and discusses various augmentation strategies that all primary care providers could more readily employ.
Spinal epidural corticomotor evoked potentials as a predictor of outcome from ischaemic myelopathy.

AbstractCorticomotor evoked potentials have been suggested to accurately reflect neurological function>, particularly with regard to the integrity of the spinal cord. However, the utility of these potentials to evaluate graded, chronic injury has received little attention. Using a rabbit model of ischaemic spinal cord injury we recorded corticomotor evoked potentials before, during, immediately after, and three days after producing an ischaemic spinal cord injury by inflating an intraaortic balloon. The animals sustained a stable mild, moderate, or severe neurological deficit. All ischaemic injured animals demonstrated near loss of the corticomotor evoked potential after the timed balloon occlusion period. Mildly injured animals did not demonstrate significant differences in corticomotor evoked potentials at reperfusion of three days post injury, when compared to controls. However; moderate and severely injured animals revealed significant reduction in late latency component amplitudes by > 50% and > 90%,...
Management of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in children.

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, a highly malignant tumor with a previously poor prognosis, is the commonest soft tissue sarcoma seen in children. Due largely to improved chemotherapy and advances in radiation therapy, it is now possible to produce higher cure rates with less extensive surgical procedures.
Optical breakdown with femtosecond laser pulses

The phenomena of optical breakdown (damage) of normally transparent optical materials such as fused silica involve ionization of valence band electrons by the intense incident laser field. Subsequent electron heating, acceleration, and impact ionization of secondary electrons in the laser field result in an exponential multiplication of free electrons, which causes the material breakdown. Laser-induced breakdown has been studied for three decades, and two major theories, the avalanche model and the photoionization model, exist for the breakdown process.1,2 In an avalanche- dominated process, a few initial electrons are generated through photoionization or thermal excitation from defects. These free electrons are accelerated by the intense laser field and create secondary electrons via collisions with atoms. The process repeats itself and eventually results in breakdown. In the photoionization theory, on the other hand, free electrons are created by multiphoton ionization or tunneling ionization only, and electron avalanche is negligible. In both models, the breakdown threshold is dependent on the laser pulse width.
Investigations of the relationship between changes in neural activity and changes in tissue biochemistry: some criteria and the example of serotonin N-acetyltransferase

The effects of synaptic use and disuse on cellular biochemistry have wide implications in neurobiology. This aspect of synaptic function has been examined in most detail at the neuromuscular junction, particularly with respect to the regulation of postjunctional sensitivity. Inhibition of neuromuscular transmission by denervation, chronic receptor blockade or chronic conduction block in the motor neurons produces an increase in the number of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors which results in the phenomenon originally termed “denervation” supersensitivity (see Zigmond and Bowers, 1981, for a recent review). Lomo and Rosenthal (1972) found that the development of this supersensitivity could be prevented or reversed by direct electrical stimulation of the muscle at frequencies within the physiological range. These studies and others have led to the view that the synthesis and insertion of extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors is normally inhibited by the activity of the muscle cells, which in turn is regulated by the activity of motor neurons.
Franchise Innovation via Netchising in the Digital Economy

The essence of a successful franchise lies in managing the good relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee. In this paper the author shows that franchise innovation via Netchising, combining the power of the Internet for global demand-and-supply processes and the international franchising arrangement for local responsiveness, plays an important role in growing and nurturing such a good relationship in the digital economy. International franchising as a global growth strategy, especially in emerging markets, is gaining its popularity. For example, the U.S. Commercial Service estimated that China, having over 2,600 brands with 200,000 franchised retail stores in over 80 sectors in 2007, is now the largest franchise market in the world. Another example is that India, having over 70 international franchise operations successfully operating with an investment of $1.1 billion and sales turnover of $2.7 billion in 2009, has made franchising the second fastest-growing industry in the country. The popularity of international franchising continues to increase, as we witness an emergence of new business models in the digital economy. Specifically, the author discusses how an effective digital strategy can help a growing franchise go abroad to emerging markets through soft landings to reduce risks and costs.
Successful Use of Orbital Atherectomy as an Adjunct in Treating Extensively Calcified Mesenteric Artery Lesions.

Background To describe the use of orbital technique of atherectomy as an adjunct to successful angioplasty and stent placement of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Case Report The technique is demonstrated in a 68-year-old man with critical SMA stenosis. The SMA was cannulated with 0.014-in wire, but the lesion was highly stenotic and densely calcified and prevented the passage of even the smallest 1.5-mm balloon. Orbital atherectomy was thus performed with a 1.25-mm CSI crown. Balloon angioplasty was then possible with a 4 mm × 2 cm balloon followed by placement of a 7 mm × 22 mm balloon-mounted stent. Conclusions The use of atherectomy as an adjunct to angioplasty and stenting in extensive, calcified SMA lesions supports the value of this technique to avoid a much larger and morbid open procedure.
Economic Policy Simulation in Dynamic Control Models Under Econometric Estimation

The use of modern control theory in various dynamic economic models has raised a number of interesting issues in the theory of economic policy and its operational applications to problems of economic growth, stabilisation and development planning Two of these seem to be of great importance: econometric estimation viewed as a part of the decision-making process by a policymaker and the operational linkages between a consistency model without any explicit optimisation criterion and an optimisation model with an explicit objective function defined in a programming framework. In order to compare and evaluate alternative economic policies defined within a dynamic econometric model, these two problems become most relevant and they have to be resolved in some manner. As an example of the first type of problem one may refer to the use of the Brookings quarterly econometric model of the U.S. economy by Fromm and Taubman [1] for evaluation of the relative desirability of a set of monetary and fiscal policy actions. They noted that the method of optimum growth defined in a Ramsay-type framework of maximisation of a utility functional over a horizon is not applicable to cyclical paths; moreover it ignores the disutility of the time path of variances of the arguments (e.g. consumption, etc.) in the utility function.
Student science achievement and the integration of Indigenous knowledge on standardized tests

In this article, we examine how American Indian students in Montana performed on standardized state science assessments when a small number of test items based upon traditional science knowledge from a cultural curriculum, “Indian Education for All”, were included. Montana is the first state in the US to mandate the use of a culturally relevant curriculum in all schools and to incorporate this curriculum into a portion of the standardized assessment items. This study compares White and American Indian student test scores on these particular test items to determine how White and American Indian students perform on culturally relevant test items compared to traditional standard science test items. The connections between student achievement on adapted culturally relevant science test items versus traditional items brings valuable insights to the fields of science education, research on student assessments, and Indigenous studies.
The Stories We Tell in America

In the sordid history of the United States of America (US), a nation whose history is inseparable from, and built upon, human bondage, Black people’s lives held value as a commodity that could be bought, sold, or traded.
Sudden neurologic death masquerading as out-of-hospital sudden cardiac death

Objective: To characterize the frequency of and risk factors for out-of-hospital sudden neurologic deaths. Methods: During the initial 25 months (February 1, 2011–March 1, 2013) of the San Francisco Postmortem Systematic Investigation of Sudden Cardiac Death Study, we captured incident WHO criteria sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) through active surveillance of consecutive out-of-hospital deaths, which must be reported to the medical examiner by law. All cases were referred for full autopsy with detailed examination of the heart and cranial vault, toxicology, and histology. A multidisciplinary committee adjudicated a final cause of death. Results: Of 352 incident SCDs, 335 (95%) underwent systematic evaluation including full autopsy. Of these 335 cases, 18 (5.4%) were sudden neurologic deaths (mean age 60.6 years [SD 17.6, range 27–87]; 67.7% female), which accounted for 14.9% of the 121 noncardiac sudden deaths. The risk of sudden neurologic death compared to non-neurologic SCD was lower in male and white participants (p Conclusions: Sudden neurologic death is an important cause of out-of-hospital apparent SCDs. Low prevailing autopsy rates may result in systematic misclassification of apparent SCDs and underestimation of the incidence of sudden neurologic death.
Surgical Ablation of Refractory Ventricular Tachycardia in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background— The surgical approach for the treatment of ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been largely replaced by percutaneous, catheter-based techniques. However, some VT circuits, particularly in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy, remain inaccessible to percutaneous ablation. Surgical therapy of these VTs is an alternative approach; however, its methodology has not been well defined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative electroanatomic and electrophysiological characterization of the VT substrate and circuit to guide surgical ablation. Methods and Results— Eight patients with recurrent sustained VT refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs underwent endocardial and/or epicardial ablation procedures. Electroanatomic mapping was performed, and the VT substrate and circuit(s) were defined using voltage, activation, entrainment, and pace mapping. All 8 patients underwent detailed endocardial mapping; 6 patients also underwent epicardial mapping. Radiofrequency ablation was performed with the use of an open-irrigation catheter. After the unsuccessful percutaneous approach, surgical cryoablation was applied to the sites previously identified and targeted during the percutaneous procedure. There were no significant perioperative complications. During a mean follow-up period of 23±6 months (range, 15 to 34 months), 6 patients had significant reduction in VT burden as evident by a reduced number of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks after ablation (6.6 to 0.6 shocks per patient; P =0.026). Two patients died, one of progressive heart failure and one of sepsis. Conclusions— VT circuits inaccessible to percutaneous ablation techniques are rare but can be encountered in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy. These VTs can be successfully targeted by surgical cryoablation guided by preoperative electroanatomic and electrophysiological mapping.
General Chemistry for Engineers in the 21st Century: A Materials Science Approach

In the case of General Chemistry, many engineering students only take a one semester class with important topics such as kinetics and equilibrium being given limited coverage. Considerable time is spent covering materials already covered in other courses such as General Physics and Introduction to Engineering. Moreover, most GChem courses are oriented toward health science majors and lack a materials focus relevant to engineering. Taking an atoms first approach, we developed and now run a one-semester course in general chemistry for engineers emphasizing relevant materials topics. Laboratory exercises integrate practical examples of materials science enriching the course for engineering students. First-semester calculus and a calculus-based introduction to engineering course are prerequisites, which enables teaching almost all the topics from a traditional two semester GChem course in this new course with advance topics as well. To support this course, an open access textbook in LibreText, formerly ChemWiki was developed entitled General Chemistry for Engineering. Many of the topics were supported using Chemical Excelets and Materials Science Excelets, which are interactive Excel/Calc spreadsheets. The laboratory includes data analysis and interpretation, calibration, error analysis, reactions, kinetics, electrochemistry, and spectrophotometry. To acquaint the students with online collaboration typical of today’s technical workplace Google Drive was used for data analysis and report preparation in the laboratory.
Designing for differentiation: Learning objectives and design strategies for computational thinking

In order to meet broadening participation goals for computer science, it is important to consider how pedagogy and design may impact different learners in different ways. Individual characteristics related to prior experience, social context, ethnic/racial identity, and gender identity may each play a part in how the design of a learning experience influences student engagement, attitudes, interests, skills, and knowledge. To examine these relationships, this talk will present findings and implications of research conducted in conjunction with the design and development of The Science Behind Pixar, a large traveling exhibition created collaboratively by the Museum of Science, Boston and Pixar Animation Studios. This exhibition, which features experiences that demonstrate how Pixar filmmakers use computational thinking and creativity to approach complex artistic and technical challenges, used several distinct engagement strategies and pedagogical approaches to guide exhibit design. This presentation will examine how these design approaches related to learning, engagement, and broadening participation goals.
A central role for heat shock proteins in host deficiency.

We have suggested previously that heat shock proteins play a central role in host defense. Specifically, we posit that the release of HSPs from cells is the primary event for initiation of the innate and adaptive immunological cascades.
Visual Presentation Style 1: A Test of Visual Presentation Styles and Candidate Evaluation During the First 2016 Presidential Debate:

This study explores whether visual presentation style (i.e., camera shot variation) may influence perceptions of Presidential candidates during televised debates. In a field experiment, 341 randoml...
Differential profiles of membrane proteins, fatty acids, and sterols associated with genetic variations in heat tolerance for a perennial grass species, hard fescue (Festuca Trachyphylla)

Abstract Cellular membrane composition controls membrane stability, affecting plant tolerance to abiotic stress. The objectives of this study were to examine differential changes in membrane constituents (sterol, fatty acid and membrane protein) in response to heat stress for a cool-season perennial grass species, hard fescue ( Festuca trachyphylla ) and identify major membrane constituents associated with the genetic variations in heat tolerance for two varieties contrasting in heat tolerance. Plants of heat-tolerant ‘Reliant IV’ and heat-sensitive ‘Predator’ were exposed to heat stress at 38/33 °C (day/night) in growth chambers. Under heat stress, ‘Reliant IV’ showed better turf quality, greater membrane stability and higher photochemical efficiency compared to ‘Predator’. Leaf membranes of ‘Reliant IV’ showed greater increase of ethyl sterols (fucosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol and avenasterol), and two fatty acids [oleic acid (18:1) and linoleic acid (18:2)] under heat stress compared to those for ‘Predator’. Several membrane proteins were less down-regulated or more up-regulated by heat stress in ‘Reliant IV’ than in ‘Predator’, including down-regulated proteins involved in electron transport of photosynthesis (ATP synthase subunits and cytochrome b6-f complex iron-sulfur subunit), signaling (lectin-domain containing receptor kinase A4.2), and protein modification (S-acyltransferase), and up-regulated proteins involved in carboxylation in photosynthesis (Rubisco activase beta form) and stress defense (disease resistance protein 1). These differentially accumulated sterols, fatty acids, and proteins in cellular membranes could contribute to the differential level of heat tolerance between the two varieties of hard fescues. These compounds could be used as biomarkers to select for heat-tolerant germplasm in hard fescues.
A Coin-Flipping Exercise to Introduce the P-Value

The p-value can be introduced with a coin flipping exercise. The instructor flips a coin ten times and has a student call each flip. The students record their thoughts after each flip. The instruct...
Nano-engineered Thin Films for Cell and Tissue-Contacting Applications

Thin films of bioactive, biocompatible and biotherapeutic materials are crucial to many applications in bioengineering and medicine, but the susceptibility of these materials to thermal damage forbids the application of many conventional thin-film deposition technologies. Here we describe a novel approach to depositing thin nanostructured thin films using resonant mid-infrared laser ablation. This vapor-phase technique – which can be employed either in vacuum or in air or another ambient gas environment – circumvents many difficulties attendant to conventional liquid-phase deposition technologies, such as spin- and dip-coating. It makes possible, for example, multilayer deposition with sharp interfaces, and patterning by means of shadow-masking. Examples of the technique on bio-compatible and -degradable polymers, nucleic acids, fluoropolymers and functionalized nanoparticles are described. In conclusion, current developments in laser technology are discussed that can enable this thin-film deposition technique, now based on tunable, picosecond mid-infrared free-electron lasers, to be realized using mid-infrared solid-state, table-top laser sources with similar characteristics.
INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL ISSUE: APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN SCHOOLS FOR BEHAVIORAL REFERRAL CONCERNS

The principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA) can be used in school settings for assessment, behavioral interventions, and consultation. The purpose of this special issue is to highlight the application of ABA in schools for behavior referral concerns. This introduction provides a brief overview of the role of ABA in schools and highlights the author contributions to the special issue.
Re-visioning Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for the Youth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Prospects and Promises Within the Framework of the Ubuntu Paradigm

Ogwo explains the concept of Ubuntu paradigm and analyses how its precepts could be adopted in designing and implementing technical vocational education and training (TVET) programmes that can enhance the attainment of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in sub-Saharan African countries. The chapter adopts the conceptual approach of using the Ubuntu lens to re-vision technical vocational education and training (TVET), which is the fundamental means for technically acculturating the youth who will steer the sustainable development goals (SDGs) programmes towards eradicating poverty, enhancing food security, encouraging gender empowerment, improving quality of life, and sustainable progress of sub-Saharan Africa. It also examines Ubuntu-based soft skills, affective competencies, and ethical re-engineering of TVET programmes for environmentally friendly, justice-driven, people oriented and communally derived sustainable development of sub-Saharan Africa.
Less is more? Effects of exhaustive vs. minimal emotion labelling on emotion regulation strategy planning.

Previous research suggests that labelling emotions, or describing affective states using emotion words, facilitates emotion regulation. But how much labelling promotes emotion regulation? And which...
Transport in Materials Containing a Dispersed Second Phase

The purpose of this paper is to review the effects of a dispersed second phase on electrical and mass transport in solids. According to classical theories, when an insulator is added to a conductor, the electrical conductivity decreases. However, when the insulator particles are small and uniformly dispersed in a conducting matrix, just the opposite behavior is observed. Liang1 first published an experimental study of the ionic conductivity of LiI containing a dispersion of fine Al2O3 particles. At room temperature, the ionic conductivity of LiI (35–40 m/o Al203) was increased by over an order of magnitude (see Fig. 1). Liang assembled batteries (cells) utilizing Lil (Al203) as the solid electrolyte and the open circuit voltage of the cells corresponded with the calculated from the cell reactions thus indicating a negligible electronic conduction in the Lil (Al203) composites. Jow and Wagner2 studied the CuCl (Al203) system and found behavior similar to that for Lil (AI203) reported by Liang.
Routing tradeoffs in dynamic peer-to-peer networks

Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs) are useful tools for building large scale distributed systems. DHTs provide a hash-table-like interface to applications by routing a key to its responsible node among the current set of participating nodes. DHT deployments are characterized by churn, a continuous process of nodes joining and leaving the network. Lookup latency is important to applications that use DHTs to locate data. In order to achieve low latency lookups, each node needs to consume bandwidth to keep its routing tables up to date under churn. A robust DHT should use bandwidth sparingly and avoid overloading the network when the deployment scenario deviates from design assumptions. Ultimately, DHT designers are interested in obtaining best latency lookups using a bounded amount of bandwidth across a wide range of operating environments. This thesis presents a new DHT protocol, Accordion, that achieves this goal. Accordion bounds its overhead traffic according to a user specified bandwidth budget and chooses a routing table size that minimizes lookup latency, balancing the need for both low lookup hop-count and low timeout probability. Accordion employs a unique design for managing routing tables. Nodes acquire new routing entries opportunistically through application lookup traffic. Large bandwidth budgets lead to big routing table and low lookup hop-count. Nodes evict entries that are likely dead based on past statistics of node lifetimes. Short node lifetimes lead to high eviction rates and a small routing table with low maintenance overhead. The routing table size is determined by the equilibrium of the neighbor acquisition and eviction processes. Accordion's automatic table size adjustment allows it to bound its bandwidth use and achieve latencies similar or better than existing manually tuned protocols across a wide range of operating environments.
Marrow suppression with myelodysplastic features, hypoerythropoetinemia, and lipotrophic proptosis due to rosiglitazone.

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are frequently used pharmacotherapeutics for type II diabetes mellitus, which exert their effect through peroxisomal proliferator agonist receptor (PPAR) mediated increased insulin sensitivity. TZDs are known to cause marrow suppression and to stimulate adipogenesis. Case and cohort studies show TZDs worsen thyroid-associated orbitopathy. We present a case consistent with earlier reports of marrow suppressive pancytopenia manifesting as myelodysplastic syndrome, a new implication of hypoerythropoetinemia, and non-Graves’-associated proliferative proptosis.
Ghost-time bias from imperfect mortality ascertainment in aging cohorts.

Abstract Purpose Many cohort studies in the United States link with the National Death Index to detect deaths. Although linkage with National Death Index is relatively sensitive, some participant deaths will be missed. These participants continue to contribute person-time to the data set after their death, resulting in bias, which we refer to as ghost-time bias. We sought to evaluate the influence of ghost-time bias on mortality relative risk (RR) estimates. Methods Simulations were performed to determine the magnitude of ghost-time bias under a variety of plausible conditions. Results Our simulations demonstrate that ghost-time bias can be substantial, particularly among the elderly, where it can reverse the direction of the RR. For example, we conducted a simulation of a cohort of men beginning follow-up at age of 70 years, assuming 5% missed deaths and a true RR of 2.0. In this simulation, observed RRs were 1.89 during the year the cohort was aged 85 years, 1.60 during the year the cohort was aged 90 years, and 0.61 during the year the cohort was aged 95 years. We also provide results from actual cohort data that are consistent with ghost-time bias. Conclusions Ghost-time bias may meaningfully affect mortality RR estimates under conditions that can plausibly occur in aging cohorts.
Race and gender differences in attitudes toward help seeking among marginalized young adults with mood disorders: A mixed-methods investigation.

Objective Race and gender differences in help seeking are well-established; however, reasons for these differences are less clear. This study examined race and gender differences in two potential contributors-perceptions of illness and attitudes toward treatment-in a sample of marginalized young adults. Method Interviews were conducted with young adults (age 18-25) with prior involvement in public systems of care and mood disorder diagnoses (n = 60). A quantitative interview assessed illness perceptions and attitudes followed by a qualitative interview focused on perceptions of mental illness and treatment. Analyses examined quantitative differences across four race/gender subgroups-White women (n = 13), White men (n = 6), women of color (n = 27), and men of color (n = 14), then qualitative results were reviewed for a subset of cases (n = 30) to understand differences revealed in the quantitative analyses. Results Women of color had lower scores on illness understanding compared to other groups and men of color had lower scores on chronicity. Attitudes including propensity toward help seeking and stigma resistance were lowest in men of color, followed by women of color. Qualitative findings supported that men of color viewed their symptoms as less chronic and managed symptoms by changing their mindset rather than formal treatments. White participants talked more about their illnesses as chronic conditions and spoke more positively of treatment. Conclusion and implications for practice Race/gender differences were identified, particularly in relation to views of mental illness and stigma. Messaging that highlights independence and strength in relation to managing symptoms may be particularly important for young people of color. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN ORAL ANTICOAGULATION RESUMPTION AFTER INTRACRANIAL BLEEDING

We sought to evaluate geographic variation in the resumption of oral anticoagulation (OAC) among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who survived an intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Using Medicare claims data, we identified patients with NVAF who had an ICH in 2006-2016, and
Teaching Advocacy Counseling within a Social Justice Framework: Implications for School Counselors and Educators

The authors present a comprehensive view of advocacy counseling utilizing an original paradigm built upon the ideals that all clients should have equal access to goods and services and equal participation in programs and institutions. Relevant activities and a case study are included to highlight the importance of infusing advocacy in counselor training programs. Last, implications for school counselors and educators are provided.
Firms' Propensity to Report Cash Flow and Earnings Surprises of Divergent Signs

Nonnegative (negative) cash flow surprises help generate nonnegative (negative) earnings surprises; hence, the two surprises are generally expected to have the same sign. We document firms’ propensity to report surprises of opposing signs and investigate conditions under which firms beat cash flow forecasts but miss earnings forecasts. Firms are more likely to do so when: adverse valuation consequences are less severe; analyst following of cash flows vis-a-vis earnings is large; analysts forecast extreme accruals; analysts downwardly revise cash flow but not earnings forecasts; firms are in financial distress; firms have inflated balance sheets; and earnings but not cash flows decrease.
Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare aggressive hematopoietic neoplasm of immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells that typically involves the skin and bone marrow. Cutaneous presentation is common. It was previously known as “CD4+/CD56+ hematodermic neoplasm” and “blastic NK-cell lymphoma.”
Use of the Gore Viabahn VBX balloon‐expandable endoprosthesis in the congenital heart disease population

The Gore Viabahn VBX balloon-expandable endoprosthesis (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) is a flexible covered stent that is FDA-approved for the treatment of iliac artery stenosis, including lesions at the aortic bifurcation. In this case series, we report the first use of the VBX covered stent in congenital heart disease, highlighting several of its unique advantages.
Fabrication of flexible perovskite solar cells via rapid thermal annealing

Abstract Adaptability, lightweight, and low cost of materials make flexible perovskite solar cells essential for the perovskite technology to breach commercial photovoltaic markets. Roll-to-roll manufacturing has great potential for high-throughput perovskite manufacturing; however, conventional annealing methods are not capable of producing flexible perovskite solar cells at scale. Conventional methods are time consuming and may compromise functionality of flexible substrates under tension. Here, we introduce a blade-coated perovskite thin film on flexible ITO-coated PET annealed via rapid thermal annealing (RTA) that reduces post-deposition processing time from ~150 s to ~14 s. Performance was not sacrificed for scalability as a perovskite solar cell was produced with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.58%.
The retention of fall-resisting behavior derived from treadmill slip-perturbation training in community-dwelling older adults

The purpose of this study was to determine whether and to what extent the immediate generalization of treadmill slip-perturbation training could be retained over 6 months to resist overground slip-induced falls. Four protocols (Tc: treadmill control; Tt: treadmill slip-perturbation training; Oc: overground control; Ot: overground slip-perturbation training) from two randomized controlled trials were compared in which two training protocols were executed with single-session repeated slip-perturbation training on the treadmill or overground context, while two control protocols were executed without repeated training. A total of 152 community-dwelling older adults (≥ 65 years) who were trained by one of the four protocols and tested by an overground slip in the initial session attended a retest session 6 months later. Falls were detected by a load cell. Data collected from motion analysis system and force plates were used to calculate stability. Tt group had no significant change in fall incidence from initial post-training test to retest. Tt group had significantly lower fall incidence (p < 0.05) and higher reactive stability (p < 0.05) than Tc group in retest. Tt group had significantly higher fall incidence (p < 0.05) and lower reactive stability (p < 0.01) than Ot group. The generalization of a single session of treadmill slip-perturbation training to overground slip resulted in inferior outcomes compared with overground slip-perturbation training (absolute retention), although the training generalization could be retained over 6 months (relative retention). Thus, treadmill slip-perturbation training could be more convenient to use if future dose-response studies indicate better or equal efficacy to overground slip-perturbation training.