cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-Racial Supervision: A Developmental Approach for White Supervisors Working with Supervisees of Color.

Abstract The counseling profession is becoming more aware of the importance of racial and cultural issues in counselor education and supervision. However, the majority of the current literature concerning racial and cultural dimensions is limited to cross-cultural counseling and assessment. Cross-racial issues have not been addressed widely within the supervision process. The purpose of this article is to examine the benefits and challenges related to cross-racial supervision, and discuss the significance of integrating racial identity development in the supervision process. A summary of the literature on cross-racial supervision will be presented and a developmental approach to cross-racial supervision between a white supervisor and a supervisee of color will be discussed.
Oliver Schlumberger (ed): Debating arab authoritarianism: dynamics and durability in nondemocratic regimes: Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA, 2007, 345 pp. ISBN 978-0-8047-5776-8

The Arab world has remained a stubborn resister to the world-wide trend toward democratization. As such it is an ideal site to explore the political dynamics behind authoritarian resilience. This is the objective of Debating Arab authoritarianism, Oliver Schlumberger’s new edited book that aims to look ‘beyond coercion and culture’ to explain the persistence of authoritarianism in the Arab world. Gathering together an impressive array of 15 Middle East scholars and drawing on empirical evidence from a wide range of Arab states, Debating Arab authoritarianism focuses on ‘what is’ (durable authoritarianism), rather than ‘what may be desired’ (democratic transition) in this region. The book is divided into four areas of inquiry: state society relations, political architecture, the economy, and the international arena. But in fact the logic sustaining authoritarian regimes reaches across these different categories. The distilled lesson of the book is this: authoritarian regimes in the Arab world survive thanks to a skillful combination of cooptation and repression. Cooptation may be aimed at collectivities (via social pacts) or individuals (via classic clientalistic tactics). It may be material as in buying off the bourgeoisie with preferential access to state contracts, or political as in providing only a favored few in the opposition with legal political status. It may be bankrolled by oil and gas rents, but may also be subsidized by remittances, location rents, and foreign aid in the energy-poor states. And when cooptation fails, coercion is always a backstop. Consequently, social forces, be they workers, peasants, business elites, Cont Islam (2010) 4:357–358 DOI 10.1007/s11562-009-0090-2
Nuclear photodisintegration without effective charges

It is explicitly shown that the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn electric dipole sum rule, for he case of nuclear photodisintegration, separates into a contribution due to dipole absorption by the nucleus as a whole, and a contribution representing excitation of the internal degrees of freedom (Bethe-Levinger sum rule). The concept of the “effective charge”, often employed in this connection, is not utilized in our derivation, and is seen to be not essential.
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity promotes tumor growth and neo-vascularization via upregulation of angiogenic factors

2029 FAK is a protein tyrosine kinase that facilitates integrin receptor signals controlling cell motility, survival, and cell division. In many human cancers, FAK expression is elevated yet its role in tumor progression remains undefined. Here, through comparisons of 4T1 breast carcinoma cells expressing a dominant-negative inhibitor of FAK activity or Src-transformed FAK-null cells reconstituted with various FAK mutants, we will show that FAK signaling promotes dramatic cell growth differences in vivo as tumors in mice, without detectable changes in cell proliferation in culture. 4T1 tumors in mice or grown on chicken chorioallantoic membranes were large and highly vascularized whereas 4T1 tumors with inhibited FAK activity were 6-fold smaller, contained fewer Tie-2-reactive blood vessels, and exhibited less VEGF staining. Dominant-negative inhibition of FAK activity in 4T1 cells was selectively associated with reduced FAK phosphorylation at Y925 (a Grb2 SH2 binding site) and Y576/Y577 within the FAK catalytic region. Impaired Grb2 binding to FAK and reduced ERK2/MAP kinase activation were detected in 4T1 cells with reduced FAK activity. As ERK2 activation can promote tumor growth through the increased production or release of pro-angiogenic factors, DNA micro-array analyses were performed. FAK signaling was associated with increased mRNA levels for VEGF, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and hyaluronidase-5. To confirm the role of FAK catalytic activity and Grb2 binding in promoting tumor growth and neo-vascularization, kinase-inactive (R454) and Grb2 binding site (F925) mutant FAK constructs were used to stably reconstitute transformed FAK-null cells. Both mutations resulted in impaired VEGF production, reduced tumor growth and neo-vascularization in vivo compared to wildtype FAK-reconstituted cells. These studies support a novel role for FAK signaling leading to the production and release of pro-angiogenic factors from tumor cells. As FAK catalytic activity was required for elevated tumor growth and angiogenesis, FAK should be considered a potential target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.
Beyond heritability: neurotransmitter genes differentially modulate visuospatial attention and working memory.

A cued, visuospatial attention task and a working memory task were administered to 89 healthy adults genotyped for a T-to-C polymorphism in CHRNA4, a nicotinic receptor subunit gene. Increasing gene dose of the C allele of the CHRNA4 gene (i.e., no C alleles, one C allele, two C alleles) was associated with increased reaction time (RT) benefits of valid attentional cuing and reduced RT costs of invalid cues, but was not associated with working memory performance. In a second experiment, 103 healthy persons were genotyped for a G-to-A polymorphism of the dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene. Increasing gene dose of the G allele of the DBH gene was associated with increased working memory accuracy at a high memory load. However, there was no consistent association between the DBH gene and visuospatial attention. Thus, a double dissociation was observed, with visuospatial attention associated with CHRNA4 but not the DBH gene and, conversely, working memory associated with the DBH gene but not CHRNA4. The res...
Croup: An 11-Year Study in a Pediatric Practice

The etiology and epidemiology of croup were studied in a pediatric group practice over an 11-year period, 1964 to 1975. Croup was diagnosed in 951 instances in 6,165 cases of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) studied. As census figures of the practice clientele were available, attack rates were calculated. The incidence of total LRI was highest in the first year of life. In contrast, the attack rate for croup was highest in the second year of life; the rate declined gradually after that age. Croup was not diagnosed in the first month of life. Boys were 1.43 times more likely to develop croup than were girls. Three hundred sixty agents were isolated from the 951 croup cases. The parainfluenza viruses accounted for 74.2% of all isolates; 65% of the parainfluenza isolates were classified as parainfluenza virus type 1. Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses A and B, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were the only other agents isolated in appreciable numbers. The propensity of various agents to produce croup symptoms in children with LRI due to specific microorganisms was 58% for parainfluenzae type 1, 60% for parainfluenzae type 2, and 29% for parainfluenzae type 3; similar figures for the other agents varied from 5% to 16%. The role of the various agents in the etiology of croup varied with patient age and depended on the propensity of the agent to produce the croup syndrome and the frequency of isolation of the agent at that age. The parainfluenza viruses were the most important croup agents at all ages; respiratory syncytial virus caused croup in children less than 5 years of age whereas the influenza viruses and M pneumoniae were significant causes of croup only in children more than 5 to 6 years old. Croup occurred predominately in late fall and early winter, times when the parainfluenza viruses, especially type 1, occurred most frequently. The epidemiology of croup differs from that of bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and tracheobronchitis; knowledge of this should be helpful to the clinician caring for children with LRI.
Posture reconstruction method for mapping joint angles of motion capture experiments to simulation models

Motion capture experiments are often used in coordination with digital human modeling to offer insight into the simulation of real-world tasks or as a means of validating existing simulations. However, there is a gap between the motion capture experiments and the simulation models, because the motion capture system is based on Cartesian space while the simulation models are based on joint space. This paper bridges the gap and presents a methodology that enables one to map joint angles of motion capture experiments to simulation models in order to obtain the same posture. The posture reconstruction method is an optimization-based approach where the cost function is a constant and constraints include (1) the distances between simulation model joint centers and the corresponding experimental subject joint centers are equal to zeros; (2) all joint angles are within joint limits. Examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A COMPARISON OF PRODUCTION SCHEDULING POLICIES ON COSTS, SERVICE LEVEL, AND SCHEDULE CHANGES

We consider a single product, single level, stochastic master production scheduling (Mps) model where decisions are made under rolling planning horizons. Outcomes of interest are cost, service level, and schedule stability. The subject of this research is the Mps control system: the method used in determining the amount of stock planned for production in each time period. Typically, Mps control systems utilize a single buffer stock. Here, two Mps dual-buffer stock systems are developed and tested by simulation. We extend the data envelopment analysis (dea) methodology to aid in the evaluation of the simulation results, where Dea serves to increase the scope of the experimental design. Results indicate that the dual-buffer control systems outperform existing policies.
Adenosine monophosphate as the first phosphoryl acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation.

Abstract It was found that AMP as well as ADP could release the controlled respiration of beef heart mitochondria. Stoichiometric measurements showed that, when AMP was the exogenous phosphoryl (32P) acceptor, the value ot the molar ratio (32Pi incorporated/AMP added) was 1.0; the ratio (μmoles AMP/μatoms extra oxygen absorbed) was 2.5 (substrate, pyruvate plus malate); the corresponding P O ratio was 2.5; the molar ratio (ATP labeled/ATP formed) was 1.0. These ratios were not affected by the addition of ATP to the mitochondria prior to AMP addition. The ATP formed when AMP was the added phosphoryl acceptor was exclusively doubly labeled. This was demonstrated by techniques involving column chromatography and enzymic analyses (with hexokinase and myokinase). However, when ADP was added, the values of the ratios were, respectively: (32Pi incorporated/ADP), 0.48; ( ADP O ), 5.1; ( P O ), 2.5; and (ATP labeled/ATP formed), 0.45. In these circumstances the ATP formed was about 15% doubly labeled and about 30% terminally labeled. When AMP was the added phosphate acceptor, the initial rate of 32Pi incorporation (1–2 seconds) was at least twice that observed when ADP was the added acceptor. These results are interpreted as evidence that AMP is the first exogenous acceptor of the phosphoryl group in oxidative phosphorylation, and that release of respiratory control by ADP is mediated through a myokinase reaction. The relative amounts of adenine nucleotides found in the reaction products varied with time of sampling. When AMP was added as phosphoryl acceptor it was found that, at the point of transition of respiration from state 3 to state 4, the nucleotides formed were equally divided between “AMP” and doubly labeled ATP. However, 3 minutes after the transition, a decrease was demonstrated in the amounts of both “AMP” and ATP formed; and an equivalent formation of labeled ADP was demonstrated. When ADP was the nucleotide added as phosphoryl acceptor, the micleotides formed at the transition point consisted of 25% “AMP,” 30–35% labeled ATP, and 40–45% unlabeled ATP. Three minutes later a redistribution ot micleotides was demonstrated with the formation of ADP. From a consideration of these findings and other supporting data it is postulated that the pathway of phosphorylation of exogenous ADP is as follows: 4 ADP → 2 ATP + 2 AMP (external myokinase) (a) 2 AMP + 2Pi∗ → 2 ADP∗ (oxidative phosphorylation) (b) 2 ADP → AMP + ATP∗∗ (internal myokinase) (c) The apparent failure of the AMP produced in reaction (c) to recycle is explained by the finding that the “AMP” found in the reaction products is not in a form which can act to release respiratory control but is in fact probably an acylated AMP. In the case of the mitochondria used in these studies, this product is not rapidly reconverted to free 5′-AMP. Whether “AMP” is a product of another reaction in the phosphorylation pathway synchronous with reactions (b) and (c) or of a completely independent process is not known.
A novel synthetic route to 7-substituted derivatives of the antitumor agent LY231514 (MTA)

Abstract This paper describes a further synthesis of the pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine antitumor agent MTA (LY231514). Manganic triacetate dihydrate-induced radical cyclization of methyl N -crotyl- N -(3′,4′-dimethoxybenzyl)malonamide ( 4d ) yielded the 3-carbomethoxy-2-pyrrolidinone 5d that was then thiated with P 2 S 5 to the corresponding thiolactam ( 6d ). Cyclization with guanidine gave the 7-substituted 2-amino-4(3 H )-oxo-5,6-dihydro-pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidine ( 7d ). Pd-catalyzed coupling with diethyl 4-iodobenzoylglutamate yielded (in a single step) the diethyl ester 9d . Deprotection with HO 4 /TFA followed by saponification then gave MTA. Several additional 7-substituted derivatives of MTA were prepared by use of this methodology. In contradiction to a published claim, these 7-substituted derivatives proved to be devoid of any significant cell growth inhibitory activity.
Functional Chloroplast Polyribosomes from Tobacco Leaves

Incubation of isolated to bacco chloroplasts with ingredients re quired for protein synthesis resulted in liberation of 70S ribosomnes and poly ribosomes that no longer sedimented with the chloroplasts. With increasing time of incubation, polyribosomes broke down to 70S monosomes. Similarly, microgram quantities of ribonuclease caused chloroplast polyribosomes to break down into monosomes. Both polyribosomes and 70S ribosomes that were isolated on sucrose density gra dients and tested separately in cell-free systems were capable of protein syn thesis; however, polyribosomes formed more protein per unit of RNA than monosomes did.
Effects of pindolol and methyldopa on blood pressure and plasma norepinephrine

Thirty patients with essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure 100 to 115 mm Hg) were treated in a randomized, double-blind study with either pindolol (mean dose 28 ± 5 mg twice a day) or methyldopa (673 ± 158 mg three times a day) for 12 weeks after a 3-week, single-blind placebo period. In 17 pindolol-treated patients mean supine blood pressure was 163 ± 3106 ± 1 during the placebo period and 155 ± 399 ± 2mm Hg (p < 0.01) during the high-dose period. In 13 patients treated with methyldopa mean supine blood pressure fell from 160 ± 4104 ± 1 to 156 ± 597 ± 2mm Hg. Mean standing heart rate was reduced during pindolol therapy from 84 ± 2 to 79 ± 2 bpm (p < 0.05) but was unchanged during methyldopa treatment. Mean supine pretreatment plasma norepinephrine fell from 379 ± 40 to 337 ± 33 pg/ml in patients on pindolol therapy and from 448 ± 76 to 223 ± 39 pg/ml (p < 0.02) in the methyldopa-treated group. Although norepinephrine generally decreased in pindolol responders and not in nonresponders, changes in supine diastolic blood pressure and supine plasma norepinephrine did not correlate. In contrast, norepinephrine declined consistently in methyldopa-treated patients regardless of the blood pressure response; changes in diastolic blood pressure and norepinephrine correlated (r = 0.59; p < 0.05). The results suggest that suppression of sympathetic nervous system activity may play a role in the hypotensive effect of both pindolol and methyldopa.
First Record of Mansonia dyari in Baldwin County, Alabama

Abstract Mansonia dyari, a species common to Florida, has been documented for the first time in Alabama. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light trap surveillance yielded female specimens collected at 2 different locations in the Mobile-Tensaw Delta. This is the westernmost expansion of this species in the USA.
Mixed-ligand complexes of iron and hydroxy-1,10-phenanthrolines.

Abstract The half-wave potentials of all of the possible tris-complexes formed between iron(II) and 1,10-phenanthroline (A), 4-hydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline (B), and 4,7-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline (C) have been measured at a rotated platinum electrode. Values on the hydrogen scale are 1.06 V for A 3 Fe(II), 0.78 for A 2 B, 0.58 for A 2 C, 0.60 for AB 2 , 0.39 for B 3 , 0.39 for ABC, 0.21 for AC 2 , 0.22 for B 2 C, 0.06 for BC 2 , and −0.10 for C 3 at pH 11.0, 25°, and ionic strength 0.2. Half-wave potentials of the parent binary complexes are constant from pH 9 to 13 and are equal to the conditional reduction potentials. The mixed complexes are stable from pH 10 to 12, and form a redox indicator system with a continuous range of accessible potentials from −0.10 to +1.06 V vs. NHE.
Ethanolamine Phosphate Linked to the First Mannose Residue of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Lipids Is a Major Feature of the GPI Structure That Is Recognized by Human GPI Transamidase

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring of proteins is catalyzed by GPI transamidase (GPIT), a multisubunit, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized enzyme. GPIT recognizes ER-translocated proteins that have a GPI-directing C-terminal signal sequence and replaces this sequence with a preassembled GPI anchor. Although the GPI signal sequence has been extensively characterized, little is known about the structural features of the GPI lipid substrate that enable its recognition by GPIT. In a previous study we showed that mature GPIs could be co-immunoprecipitated with GPIT complexes containing functional subunits (Vainauskas, S., and Menon, A. K. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279, 6540–6545). We now use this approach, as well as a method that reconstitutes the interaction between GPIs and GPIT, to define the basis of the interaction between GPI and human GPIT. We report that (i) human GPIT can interact with GPI biosynthetic intermediates, not just mature GPIs competent for transfer to protein, (ii) the ethanolamine phosphate group on the third mannose residue of the GPI glycan is not critical for GPI recognition by GPIT, (iii) the ethanolamine phosphate residue linked to the first mannose of the GPI structure is a major feature of GPIs that is recognized by human GPIT, and (iv) the simplest GPI recognized by human GPIT is EtN-P-2Manα1–4GlcN-(acyl)-phosphatidyl-inositol. These studies define the molecular characteristics of GPI that are recognized by GPIT and open the way to identifying GPIT subunits that are involved in this process.
Delayed maturation of the renal cortex in the vitamin B6-deficient newborn rat.

Extract: Retarded growth, lethargy, motor retardation, and tremor were observed in all offspring from dams subjected to vitamin B6 deficiency during pregnancy or shortly after delivery of litters. Renal development in these animals was delayed and the degree of retardation depended upon the time of initiation of the deficient diet. Uremia, lethargy, motor retardation, and tremor coincided with this maturational delay. The degree of reduction of vitamin B6 in liver and brain bore no systematic relation to the degree of deprivation. Moreover, all symptoms were consistent with the effects of uremia alone. Although cellular mitotic rates were clearly decreased in deprived animals, there was no apparent failure of glomerular neogenesis from diverse vascular, tubular, and subcapsular cellular components. Speculation: Retarded growth, lethargy, motor retardation, and tremor, observed in vitamin B6-deficient young, were the secondary consequences of uremia which resulted from retarded renal development. This suggests a possible role of vitamin B6 in kidney morphogenesis.
Active immunization of gilts against gonadotropin-releasing hormone: effects on secretion of gonadotropins, reproductive function, and responses to agonists of gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Sexually mature guts were actively immunized against gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by conjugating GnRH to bovine serum albumin, emulsifying the conjugate in Freund’s adjuvant, and giving the emulsion as a primary immunization at Week 0 and as booster immunizations at Weeks 10 and 14. Antibody titers were evident by 2 wk after primary immunization and increased markedly in response to booster immunizations. Active immunization against GnRH caused gonadotropins to decline to nondetectable levels, gonadal steroids to decline to basal levels, and the gilts to become acyclic. Prolactin concentrations in peripheral circulation were unaffected by immunization against GnRH. The endocrine status of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis was examined by giving GnRH and two agonists to GnRH and by ovariectomy. An i.v. injection of 100 pg GnRH caused release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in control animals, but not in gilts immunized against GnRH. In contrast, administration of 5 pg D-(Ala’ ,des-Gly-NH2 15) ethylamide or 5 pg D-(Ser-t-But6 ,des-Gly-NH31) ethylamide resulted in immediate release of LH and FSU in both control and GnRH-immunized gilts. Circulating concentrations of LU and FSH increased after ovariectomy in the controls, but remained at nondetectable levels in gifts immunized against GnRH. Prolactin concentrations did not change in response to ovariectomy. We conclude that cyclic gilts can be actively immunized against GnRH and that this causes cessation of estrous cycles and inhibits secretion of LH, FSH, and gonadal steroids. Also, the functional integrity of the pituitary remained intact in animals actively immunized against GnRH, since gifts immunized against GnRH released both LH and FSH in response to two agonists of GnRH and prolactin secretion was unaffected by the immunization.
Producibility of Vertically Integrated Photodiode (VIP)tm scanning focal plane arrays

Vertically integrated photodiode, VIPTM, technology is now being used to produce second generation infrared focal plane arrays with high yields and performance. The VIPTM process employs planar, ion implanted, n on p diodes in HgCdTe which is epoxy hybridized directly to the read out integrated circuits on 100 mm Si wafers. The process parameters that are critical for high performance and yield include: HgCdTe dislocation density and thickness, backside passivation, frontside passivation, and junction formation. Producibility of infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) is also significantly enhanced by read out integrated circuits (ROICs) which have the ability to deselect defective pixels. Cold probe screening before lab dewar assembly reduces costs and improves cycle times. The 240 X 1 and 240 X 2 scanning array formats are used to demonstrate the effect of process optimization, deselect, and cold probe screening on yield and cycle time. The versatility of the VIPTM technology and its extension to large area arrays is demonstrated using 240/288 X 4 and 480 X 5 TDI formats. Finally, the high performance of VIPTM IRFPAs is demonstrated by comparing data from a 480 X 5 to the SADA-II specification.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effect of less than definitive care on breast carcinoma recurrence and mortality.

Center for Gerontology and Health Care Re-search, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Is-land.Supported in part by National Cancer Institutegrants CA-36560 and CA-44100 (for the cohortenrollment and the characterization of evaluationand therapy) and by grant 34088PP1019 from theMassachusetts Breast Cancer Research Program(for the follow-up research).The authors thank Dr. Sharon-Lise Normand, Har-vard Medical School, for her review of a prelimi-nary draft and for recommending the propensityscore technique.Address for reprints: Timothy L. Lash, D.Sc., MPHBoston University Medical Center, 88 East NewtonStreet, F433, Boston, MA 02118; Fax: (617) 638-8312; E-mail: tlash@bu.eduReceived October 18, 1999; revisions receivedFebruary 25, 2000, May 30, 2000, and June 27,2000; accepted July 17, 2000.
Sedimentary processes on the Amazon continental shelf: past, present and future research

Abstract Previous research, and particularly research since the early 1960s, has examined many aspects of the dispersal system associated with the Amazon River. This system extends a distance of about 5000 km from western South America far into the Atlantic Ocean. Amazon particulate and dissolved materials are dispersed during low stands of sea level from the Andes to the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and during high stands of sea level from the Andes to the Caribbean Sea. The point of juncture between these two modes of dispersal is the continental shelf near the mouth of the Amazon River. Previous research has demonstrated how sedimentation on the Amazon shelf is tied to the rest of the dispersal system. Present research in this volume is able to recognize that many of the sedimentary processes occurring on the Amazon shelf cannot be extrapolated from observations of other shelves. The unique character of processes is largely the result of the extreme magnitude of numerous aspects of the dispersal system. Although the sedimentary processes active on the Amazon shelf have been delineated, a detailed understanding of their operation requires future research.
A Semi-Infinite Game

The ordinary finite, two-person, zero-sum game is completely defined by specifying an m × n game matrix A. The optimal strategies for both players, and the value of the game, can be obtained by solving a dual pair of linear programming problems. In this paper a semi-infinite game is defined; a semi-infinite game matrix has an infinite number of columns, i.e., the game is specified by a sequence of vectors {Pj} ∈ Rm. Optimal strategies and game values are shown to exist for the semi-infinite game by exploiting the relationship between these games and linear programming over cones.
A hypothesis for chemical carcinogen induced chromatin condensation

A hypothesis for chemical carcinogen induced condensation of nuclear and nucleolar chromatin is proposed. Chromatin condensation is believed to be a result of cascade effects initiated by the inhibition of messenger RNA synthesis after exposure to chemical carcinogen in vivo. Inhibition of messenger RNA synthesis leads to the loss of protein production, which in turn causes the dephosphorylation of histone H1 and triggers the condensation of chromatin in vivo.
Emerging Concepts of Hearing Loss in Paget's Disease of Bone

Hearing loss has been recognized as a clinical feature of Paget’s disease of bone since Sir James Paget’s first case report (1). Involvement of the skull is commonly associated with involvement of the temporal bones and with hearing loss in Paget’s disease (2). An older concept that hearing loss in Paget’s disease is due to multiple mechanisms is giving way to a newer concept that there is a general mechanism causing hearing loss in most cases (3). Clinical and audiometric studies of hearing loss in Paget’s disease have described high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss and a low-frequency air–bone gap in most cases (4). (An air–bone gap indicates that auditory thresholds when measured by bone conduction are better than those predicted by air conduction thresholds.) An air–bone gap is usually interpreted as indicating a conductive type of deafness. Hearing levels have been shown to progress more rapidly in untreated Paget’s disease than in uncomplicated presbycusis (5). Histologic studies in the 1960s and 1970s showed a variety of derangements, including compression and stretching of the auditory nerve, microfractures of the otic capsule, loss of auditory hair cells and ganglion cells, invasion of labyrinthine spaces, and envelopment of ossicles by pagetic bone (4,6,7). More recently, histopathologic studies have also shown atrophy of the spiral ligament and endolymphatic hydrops (8). The presence of toxic cytokines has been shown in otosclerosis and suggested in Paget’s disease. Most of these data consist of histopathologic reports of advanced cases. On the other hand, the prominent histopathologist of the temporal bone, Harold F. Schuknecht, had long held the view that such dramatic findings were not the rule. He analyzed the largest group of histopathologic cases of Paget’s disease of the temporal bone to date in 1990 (9). Using a technique of graphic analysis that compared hearing levels in the range of the speech frequencies versus the loss of auditory hair cells and ganglion cells that carry the neural place code for each of those tones, he could not demonstrate any systematic relationships. Aside from the presence of pagetic bone, the specimens were typical for the age of the subjects. There were no findings that would explain the air-bone gap, such as fixation or disruption of the auditory ossicles.
Controllable liquid artificial dielectrics

A novel approach to microwave phase control, utilizing liquid artificial dielectrics, is described. These media have been fabricated with permittivities which vary in magnitude and anisotropy according to the strength of an applied electric control field. Continuously controlled permittivity increases of at least 20 percent in the electric field direction are realizable in liquid suspensions having low loss and very high dielectric strength. A simple waveguide liquid dielectric phase shifter has been built at Ku band and its operating characteristics measured. This approach can be applied to the design of electrically variable microwave lenses, power dividers, and resonant cavities as well as phase shifters.
Neural Network Analysis of Postural Behavior of Young Swine to Determine the IR Thermal Comfort State

A novel method that may be used to interactively control the micro-environment for young swine was investigated to classify the thermal comfort state of animals. Early weaned pigs at 13 to 16 days of age were housed in groups of 10 pigs in four environmentally controlled chambers (1.52 m × 1.83 m floor space per chamber). Air temperatures inside the four chambers were set at 24.4°C, 26.7°C, 28.9°C, and 31.1°C, respectively, for the first week , and were reduced by 1.1°C each of the following two weeks. Postural behaviors of the pigs (huddling or spreading) were captured every 40 min with programmable cameras installed above the transparent false ceilings of the chambers. The raw behavioral images were processed by thresholding, edge detection, and morphological filtering techniques to separate the pigs (objects) from their background. The processed images were further subjected to Fourier transformation. The Fourier coefficients of the processed images (8×8 features) were then used as the inputs to a neural network, which classified the environment into cold, comfortable, or too warm category for the pigs. The neural network analysis worked quite well, with 131 out of 136 training images (96%) and 51 out of 65 testing images (78%) properly classified. This study demonstrates that an innovative environmental controller which uses the animal behavior, instead of the conventionally used air temperature, as the input variable, is possible for swine production. It is anticipated that the behavior-based automatic controller would lead to improved animal well-being and production efficiency. Future research needs include development of algorithms for automatic image segmentation of the pigs, exploration of alternative feature extraction methods to improve classification accuracy of the neural network, and development and evaluation of the behavior-based controller prototype.
Effects of school design on student outcomes

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to compare student achievement with three school design classifications: movement and circulation, day lighting, and views.Design/methodology/approach – From a sample of 71 schools, measures of these three school designs, taken with a ten‐point Likert scale, are compared to students' outcomes defined by six parts of the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS): Reading comprehension, Reading vocabulary, Language arts, Mathematics, Social studies, and Science. Data are tested through reduced regression analysis, where the difference between R2 of the reduced regression is compared to the R2 of the full regression. This result, in each case, is defined as the effect of the school's physical environment on students' outcomes represented by achievement scores on the ITBS.Findings – Significant effects are found for Reading vocabulary, Reading comprehension, Language arts, Mathematics, and Science.Practical implications – The study's findings regarding movement and circulation pa...
PREPARATION AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DIMOLYBDENUM(II) COMPLEXES WITH THE 4-BIPHENYLCARBOXYLATE LIGAND AND ITS BISPYRIDINE ADDUCT

Abstract The crystalline compound [Mo2(4-biphCO2)4] · THF (I) and its bispyridine adduct [Mo2(4-biphCO2)4(py)2] (II), where 4-biphCO2H is 4-biphenylcarboxylic acid, have been prepared and structurally characterized. Compound (I) has a pattern of catenation due to bridging by oxygen atoms that is different from the usual one. The Mo-Mo bond distances are 2.0955(12)and 2.112(7)for complexes (I) and (II), respectively. The molecules in compound (I) are arranged to form a typical extended polymeric chain with an average MoO intermolecular contact of 2.85 . Compound (II) has two axial pyridine molecules weakly coordinated to dimolybdenum unit. The Mo-N distance is 2.653(4) . Compound (I) smoothly loses THF (50–100°) and at ca 325° begins to decompose. No discotic liquid phase was observed.
Close association between clathrin and the hydrophobic domain of boundary membranes in brain endocytic vesicles.

Purified bovine brain clathrin binds readily, in a pH-dependent fashion, to protein-free phospholipid bilayers. The association is tight and leads to interbilayer fusion, however, photolabeling studies using the amphiphilic photoreactive glycolipid 12-(4-azido-2-nitrophenoxy)stearoyl[1- 14 C]glucosamine provide no evidence for direct insertion of clathrin into the central, hydrophobic domain of these target membranes. In contrast, similar photolabeling studies of isolated, intact clathrin-coated vesicles show that, in these structures, clathrin is readily accessible to a probe which is known to reside preferentially within the hydrophobic domain of the membrane. The results are consistent with a natural requirement, by clathrin, for accessory proteins in order to effect membrane penetration.
Multi-objective optimization of sensor array using genetic algorithm

Abstract A multi-objective optimization method using genetic algorithm was proposed for sensor array optimization. Based on information theory, selectivity and diversity were used as the criteria for constructing two objective functions. A statistic measurement of resolving power, general resolution factor, and visual inspection were used to evaluate the optimization results with the aid of principal component analysis. In each Pareto set, most nondominated solutions had better statistics than the combination using all potential sensors. Also the principal component plots showed that different vapor classes were generally better separated after optimization. The experiment results indicated that the proposed method could successfully identify a set of Pareto optimal solutions of small size; and most optimized sensor arrays provided input with improved quality, i.e. better separation of target analytes. The running time for implementing the multi-objective optimization was satisfactory.
Antiviral and cell growth inhibitory activities reside in the same glycoprotein of human fibroblast interferon.

IT has been shown repeatedly that preparations of mouse interferon inhibit the growth of mouse cells in vitro1–4 In addition to inducing the antiviral state and inhibiting cell growth, preparations of mouse interferon stimulate interferon production by priming5, enhance phagocytic activity6, and potentiate in cells the toxic effect of double-strand ed RNA7. All attempts with preparations of mouse interferon to separate the antiviral activity from the non-antiviral activities have been unsuccessful3,5,8. With human interferon few experiments have been reported, although the data available indicate inhibition of growth by preparations of human leukocyte interferon9–11. It has been claimed that the antiviral and cell growth inhibitory activities of human leukocyte interferon reside in different molecules and can be separated from each other by certain methods of fractionation12. In a more recent report13, however, separation of the two activities could not be demonstrated even in drastic denaturing conditions. I have shown that both the antiviral and the cell growth inhibitory activity of human fibroblast interferon reside in the same glycoprotein.
EULER-POINCARE MODELS OF IDEAL FLUIDS WITH NONLINEAR DISPERSION

We propose a new class of models for the mean motion of ideal incompressible fluids in three dimensions, including stratification and rotation. In these models, the amplitude of the rapid fluctuations introduces a length scale, α, below which wave activity is filtered by both linear and nonlinear dispersion. This filtering enhances the stability and regularity of the new fluid models without compromising either their large scale behavior, or their conservation laws. These models also describe geodesic motion on the volume-preserving diffeomorphism group for a metric containing the H1 norm of the fluid velocity.
Simulations of gravity-induced trapping of a deformable drop in a three-dimensional constriction

Abstract An efficient algorithm is developed to determine the three-dimensional shape of a deformable drop trapped under gravity in a constriction, employing an artificial evolution to a steady state. During the simulation, the drop surface is advanced using a rationally-devised normal “velocity”, based on local deviation from the Young–Laplace equation and the adjacent solid shape, to approach the trapped drop shape. The artificial “time-dependent” evolution of the drop to the static, trapped shape requires that the free portions of the drop interface eventually satisfy the Young–Laplace equation, and the drop-solid contact portions of the drop interface conform to the solid surface. The significant advantage of this solution method is that a simple, numerically-efficient “velocity” is used to construct the evolution to the steady state; the coated areas where the drop is in near contact with solid boundaries of the constriction do not have to be specified a priori , but are found in the course of the solution. Alternative methods (e.g., boundary integral) based on realistic time-marching would be much more costly for determining the trapped state. Trapping conditions and drop shapes are studied for gravity-induced settling of a deformable drop into a three-dimensional constriction. For conditions near critical, where the trapped-drop steady state ceases to exist, severe surface-mesh distortions are treated by a combination of ‘passive mesh stabilization’, mesh relaxation and topological mesh transformations through node reconnections. For Bond numbers above a critical value, the drop is deformable enough to pass through the hole of the constriction, with no trapping. Critical Bond numbers are determined by linearly fitting minima of the root-mean-squared (rms) surface velocities versus corresponding Bond numbers greater than critical, and then extrapolating the Bond number to where the minimum rms velocity is zero (i.e., the drop becomes trapped). For ring and hyperbolic-tube constrictions, with axes parallel to the gravity vector, the results for trapped drops and critical Bond numbers are in close agreement with those obtained by the previous, highly-accurate axisymmetric method [1] . Also, the three-dimensional Young–Laplace and boundary-integral methods show good agreement for the static shape of a drop trapped in a tilted three-sphere constriction. For all constriction types studied, including circular rings, hyperbolic tubes and agglomerates of three and four spheres, the critical Bond number increases nearly linearly with an increase in the drop-to-hole size ratio. In contrast, the constriction type and tilt angle, which is the angle between the gravity vector and the normal to the plane of the constriction hole, have generally a weaker effect on the critical Bond number.
The species distribution of nervous system antigens that react with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein antibodies

The reactivity of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against human central nervous system (CNS) myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) was investigated in a number of animal species. The antibodies included mouse monoclonal antibodies obtained by immunization with human MAG; HNK-1, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a human lymphoblastoma and used to identify a subset of lymphocytes with natural killer function; human IgM paraproteins associated with neuropathy; and polyclonal antibodies obtained from rabbits immunized with rat or human MAG. Following polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissue from human, bovine, cat, rabbit, guinea pig, rat, mouse, frog, gold fish and chicken, proteins were electrophoretically transferred onto nitrocellulose. The immune-staining of electroblots showed distinct interspecies variation in the reactivity of the antibodies with MAG. In addition, the species distribution of several low molecular weight glycoproteins present in PNS tissue that cross-react with anti-MAG antibodies was determined. These low molecular weight antigens are not present in CNS homogenates or in purified human CNS myelin. It was also shown that IgM from a patient with peripheral neuropathy and paraproteinemia associated with anti-MAG antibodies recognized these low molecular weight antigens. The results suggest that IgM paraproteins, HNK-1 and some mouse monoclonal antibodies react with carbohydrate determinants shared by MAG and several lower molecular weight glycoproteins present only in human, bovine, cat and chicken PNS. Rabbit polyclonal anti-rat MAG antisera and mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting with peptide epitopes of MAG are much more specific for detecting MAG than antibodies reacting with carbohydrate epitopes of human MAG. The results are discussed in relation to human demyelinating peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM paraproteinemia.
Forging successful interdisciplinary research collaborations: a nationwide survey of departments of surgery.

Background Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of academic surgeons engaged in interdisciplinary collaborations and identify success factors and challenges to establishing these collaborations. Methods Chairs of surgery at US medical schools and selected hospitals and research institutes were surveyed in 2009 to determine the frequency, types, outcomes, and value of interdisciplinary collaborations; National Institutes of Health funding for these collaborations; major barriers and success factors; and departmental and institutional activities to promote collaborations. Results Eighty-two department chairs (58%) completed the survey. Ninety-three percent answered that their faculty engaged in interdisciplinary collaborations, and 71% stated that it was critical for their research success. On average, 27% of full-time MDs/MD-PhDs were involved in collaborations compared to 81% of PhDs within their departments. The most frequent collaborators included other clinical (43%) and basic science (24%) departments. Only 5% indicated that their most frequent collaborators were with other university programs, primarily with bioengineering or biomedical engineering. Collaborations resulted most often in publications, research opportunities for surgical residents, and National Institutes of Health funding. Pilot funding and active networking were key success factors. Longer chair tenure was statistically significantly associated with more success factors and fewer barriers to collaborations. Surgeons were much less likely to participate in institution-wide efforts than in departmental activities, although these activities were ongoing in more than two-thirds of institutions. Conclusion Surgeons value collaborations as critical for their research success. Our survey indicates the potential for additional collaborations through more involvement with institutional efforts and with other university faculty. Stable, supportive department chairs are critical to establishing these activities.
EFFECT OF MASSIVE DOSES OF AN ESTROGEN ON OVA TRANSPORT IN OVARIECTOMIZED MICE1

IN PREVIOUS PAPERS it has been shown that small amounts of an estrogenic substance (5 to IOR.U. daily) will lock the fertilised ova of mice in the fallopian tubes for 4 to 6 days resulting in degeneration and absorption of the ova (1, 2); that single massive doses (200 R.U.) will hasten their passage through the tubes, making their entry into the uterus possible as early as 27 hours after finding the vaginal plug (3, 4). In trying to answer the question of what part the ovary plays in achieving both effects, two procedures were followed. First, the removal of the ovaries of mice within 1 to 15hours after finding the vaginal plug (a.v.p.) and autopsying 68 to 122 hours a.v.p.; secondly, ovariectomy followed within 24 hours by massive injections of progynon'B with the autopsy 50 to 61 hours a.v.p. In brief, the techniques for ovariectomy and autopsy were as follows.