cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of radar reflectivity associated with the lunar crater Tycho

The method of range-frequencypower density analysis has been applied to a study of the detailed radar reflectivity of the lunar surface. In the course of this study, an unusually high reflectivity has been found to be associated with the crater Tycho. The most likely explanation for this behavior appears to lie in a crater surface which is substantially rougher and perhaps somewhat denser than the typical lunar surface. Such an atypical surface might be expected for a crater as young as Tycho.
Peanut allergy: Emerging concepts and approaches for an apparent epidemic

Peanut allergy is typically lifelong, often severe, and potentially fatal. Because reactions can occur from small amounts, the allergy presents patients with significant obstacles to avoid allergic reactions. In North America and the United Kingdom, prevalence rates among schoolchildren are now in excess of 1%, framing an increasing public health concern and raising research questions about environmental, immunologic, and genetic factors that may influence outcomes of peanut allergy. This review focuses on recent observations that continue to question the influences of maternal and infant diet on outcomes of peanut allergy, and explore how peanut may be uniquely suited to induce an allergic response. We highlight studies that affect current diagnosis, management, and the nature of advice that can be provided to patients, including the utility of diagnostic tests, doses that elicit reactions, characteristics of reactions from exposure, issues of cross-reactivity, concerns about peanut contamination of manufactured goods, and the natural course of the allergy. Clinical, molecular, and immunologic advances are reviewed, highlighting research discoveries that influence strategies for improved diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Among the therapeutic strategies reviewed are sublingual and oral immunotherapy, anti-IgE, Chinese herbal medicine, and vaccine strategies.
1719 THE CO 2 RESPONSE TEST (CO 2 RT) IN CHILDREN WITH MENINGOMYELOCELE

Meningomyelocele is accompanied by the Chiari II malformation of the brainstem which can cause life-threatening symptoms. Since hypercapneic respiratory drive is a medullary function which can be measured, we performed 35CO2RT (δ minute ventilation/kg. % δ PACO2) on 31 patients (ages 1 day to 19 years) with meningomyelocele. Results were classified using published norms. 19 of 31 patients had an abnormal test. The mean age of those with an abnormal test (3.8 years), was less than that of those with a normal test (8.8 years), p <.01. Of the 19 patients with an abnormal CO2RT, 9 had or developed serious signs of brainstem dysfunction (7 had stridor, diminished gag or dysphagia; 2 had apnea with stridor; 1 had apnea alone; 1 had breath holding spells with anoxic seizures). Of the 12 patients with a normal CO2RT, 1 child had mild dysphagia (p <.05). Increased tone and decreased strength of the arms were equally frequent in both groups. 4 patients had 2 CO2RTs each, 2 improved clinically and had an increase in the CO2RT; 2 worsened and had a decrease in the CO2RT. 6 patients had CO2RTs prior to posterior fossa decompression and laminectomy. The 3 requiring the operation for brainstem dysfunction had an abnormal CO2RT; the 3 with progressive arm weakness alone had a normal test. The CO2RT results correlate with clinical evidence of brainstem function in children with meningomyelocele and the Chiari II malformation.
A new branch in the family: structure of aspartate-beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase from Methanococcus jannaschii.

The structure of aspartate-β-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ASADH) from Methanococcus jannaschii has been determined to 2.3 A resolution using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing of a selenomethionine-substituted derivative to define a new branch in the family of ASADHs. This new structure has a similar overall fold and domain organization despite less than 10% conserved sequence identity with the bacterial enzymes. However, the entire repertoire of functionally important active site amino acid residues is conserved, suggesting an identical catalytic mechanism but with lower catalytic efficiency. A new coenzyme-binding conformation and dual NAD/NADP coenzyme specificity further distinguish this archaeal branch from the bacterial ASADHs. Several structural differences are proposed to account for the dramatically enhanced thermostability of this archaeal enzyme. Finally, the intersubunit communication channel connecting the active sites in the bacterial enzyme dimer has been disrupted in the archaeal ASADHs by amino acid changes that likely prevent the alternating sites reactivity previously proposed for the bacterial ASADHs.
WLCp1-04: Exploring Maximum Doppler Diversity by Doppler Domain Multiplexing

Doppler effect induced by temporal fading variation provides Doppler diversity, which can be exploited to combat the impairments caused by multipath fading. In this paper, a Doppler domain multiplexing (DDM) communication structure is presented to explore the potential Doppler diversity. Data streams in DDM system are encoded and multiplexed at different Doppler shifts to achieve both Doppler diversity and high spectral efficiency. Theoretical performances of both uncoded and coded DDM systems are analyzed. The analytical results show that DDM structure can effectively exploit the potential Doppler diversity inherent in time- varying fading. A sub-optimum decoder with Doppler domain equalization and soft maximum a posteriori decoding is employed to recover the data at the communication receiver. Simulation results show that significant performance gains can be achieved by DDM system over conventional time domain system.
DNA/dendrimer complexes mediate gene transfer into murine cardiac transplants ex vivo.

Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers are synthetic polymers with unique structural and physical characteristics suitable for DNA gene transfer. Our previous studies demonstrated that Starburst dendrimers augment plasmid-mediated gene transfer efficiency in a nonvascularized, cardiac transplantation model. In this study, the fifth generation of ethylenediamine core dendrimer was investigated for its ability to enhance gene transfer and expression in a clinically relevant murine vascularized heart transplantation model. The plasmid pMP6A-β-gal, encoding β-galactosidase (β-Gal), was incubated with dendrimers to form complexes. The complexes were perfused via the coronary arteries during donor graft harvesting, and reporter gene expression was determined by quantitative evaluation of X-Gal staining. The grafts infused with pMP6A-β-gal/dendrimer complexes showed β-Gal expression in myocytes from 7 to 14 days. A number of variables for transfer of the DNA/dendrimer complexes were tested, including DNA:dendrimer charge ratios, concentrations of DNA and dendrimer, preservation solutions, ischemic time, and enhancement of vascular permeability by serotonin, papaverine, and VEGF administration. The results showed that DNA/dendrimer complexes containing 20 µg of DNA and 260 μg of dendrimer (1:20 charge ratio) in a total volume of 200 μl resulted in highest gene expression in the grafts. The results also showed that prolonged incubation (cold ischemic time) to 2 h and pretreatment with serotonin further enhanced gene expression.
Progress in the measurement of laterality and implications for dyslexia research

Much of contemporary laterality research has been motivated by a need to increase the accuracy with which individuals can be classified as left- or right-hemisphere dominant for speech and language. Efforts to improve the classification accuracy of laterality methods have led not only to the refinement of laterality methods but also to the discovery of some of the mechanisms that contribute to asymmetric performance. Despite these advances, laterality methods still do not lead to definitive conclusions about hemispheric specialization in the individual case, and special caution must be used when interpreting results for individual dyslexic children. Event-related measurements of cerebral metabolism, still in the development phase, promise to complement but not replace behavioral laterality methods.
A continuous fluorescence assay for lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase

Abstract A continuous fluorescence assay was adapted to the measurement of the phospholipase reaction of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). The fluorescent phospholipid 1-acyl-2-( N -4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)aminocaproyl phosphatidylcholine (C 6 -NBD-PC) in micelle form reacted with LCAT to yield NBD-caproic acid, resulting in up to 5-fold increases in fluorescence in 30 min. The reaction rates were optimal in mixtures containing 0.1 m NaCl and 4 m m β-mercaptoethanol at 37°C. Apolipoprotein A-I did not activate the enzyme and bovine serum albumin bound monomeric substrate and interfered with the fluorescence assay. Under similar reaction conditions, bee venom phospholipase A 2 was almost 100-fold more reactive than LCAT.
Lattice vibrations of wurtzite structure crystals

Abstract In this article we present expressions based on the general shell model of lattice dynamics, for all important long wavelength properties of the lattice vibration spectrum of a wurtzite structure crystal and for the vibration frequencies having wave vectors along the hexagonal axis of the first Brillouin zone. The dynamics of the wurtzite structure is discussed in terms of sum and difference mode parameters. The dynamics of the sum modes in wurtzite is closely related to the dynamics of a sphalerite structure crystal which has been given previously by Kaplan and Sullivan. In an effort to evaluate some of the parameters of our model by fitting our theoretical expressions to available experimental data, we have made two approximations; (1) The non-Coulomb force constants are limited to interactions with the four nearest neighbors. (2) The dynamics of the sum modes is made equivalent to the dynamics of a sphalerite crystal. The latter approximation is most simplifying and the experimental data indicates that for those wurtzite compounds having nearly ideal structure the approximation is reasonable. Even using this simplifying approximation we were unable to make a unique determination of the parameters of our model, the difficulties being the same as those encountered in the analysis of the sphalerite structure. Selection rules for first and second order phonon absorption of infrared radiation and for fundamental Raman scattering are also considered.
Influence of Detergents on Egg-White Inhibition of Hemagglutination by Formolized Swine Influenza Virus.

SummaryInvestigation of the origin of irregular titration results has led to the Observation that soaps and synthetic ionic detergents exert a great effect on the character of inhibition titrations involving purified, formolized swine influenza virus (vaccine) and the egg-white (EW) inhibitor of vaccine hemagglutination. The amount of detergent needed for such an effect is of the order of the amount which is sufficient to cover the internal glass surface of a titration tube with a single, close-packed uniniolecular layer. While the detergent effect shows a dependence on detergent concentration, there exists a broad range of detergent concentrations over which the effect on the inhibition is essentially constant. For reasons indicated, the effect of detergent has been provisionally interpreted as an effect on the interaction of EW inhibitor and vaccine.The mechanism of the detergent effect is being investigated and will be the subject of a subsequent report.
The genetic control of triosephosphate isomerase of hexaploid wheat and other Triticeae species

The zymogram phenotypes of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) were determined for a large number of aneuploid derivatives of Triticum aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ and for six wheat-alien species chromosome addition series. Examination of the available compensating nullisomic-tetrasomic and homoeologous groups 3 and 5 ditelosomic lines of Chinese Spring disclosed that T. aestivum possesses two systems of dimeric TPI isozymes, designated TPI-1 and TPI-2. The genes TPI-A1, TPI-B1 and TPI-D1 were located in Chinese Spring chromosome arms 3Ap, 3Bp and 3Dp, respectively and the genes TPI-A2, TPI-B2 and TPI-D2 in chromosome arms 5Aq, 5Bq and 5Dq, respectively. TPI-1 genes were also located in Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes chromosome 3H, T. longissimum chromosome G, Elytrigia elongata chromosome 3E, and Secale cereale cvs. Imperial and Dakold chromosome 3R. TPI-2 genes were found in Betzes chromosome 5H, T. umbellulatum chromosome 5U, T. longissimum chromosome F, and Imperial and Dakold chromosome 5R. These gene locations provide evidence of homoeology between the alien chromosomes in which the genes are located and the chromosomes of homoeologous groups 3 and 5 of Chinese Spring, respectively. Evidence was obtained for the presence of a TPI-R2 gene in each of the T. aestivum cv. Kharkov -S. cereale cv. Dakold chromosome addition lines studied suggesting that this gene is present in the wheat genome in each member of this addition series.
Quantifying the Spatial Variability of Surface Fluxes Using Data from the 2002 International H2O Project

Spatial variability in the exchange of energy and moisture is a key control on numerous atmospheric, hydrologic, and environmental processes. Using observations made on fair weather days during the 2002 International H2O Project, four methods for quantifying the spatial variability of surface fluxes are investigated. The first two methods utilize applied statistical techniques to describe the spatial variability of the surface fluxes, while the third method is a geostatistical technique rooted in variography. Typically, the methods yield similar results, with median values of horizontal variability consistent to within 5%. The geostatistical technique, however, provides much more information than the other statistical methods; it not only provides an estimate of the spatial variability, but also provides estimates of the total variability, the non-spatial variability due to measurement error, and the range of spatial correlation among the data points. The fourth method is based on the relationship between the components of the surface energy budget. This method describes the variability in the fluxes in terms of the slope of the best-fit line relating the time-averaged latent and sensible heat fluxes from different locations along the flight path. The meaning of the slopes can also be interpreted in terms of the spatial variability in the available energy. For four of the five days analyzed, the key control on the spatial variability in the turbulent heat fluxes was horizontal variability in the soil heat flux. In turn, the soil heat flux varied as a function of surface properties including surface temperature, soil moisture content, and leaf area index. On the remaining day, 25 May, the primary control was the variability in net radiation.
Environmental Influences on Genomic Imprinting

Genomic imprinting refers to the epigenetic mechanism that results in the mono-allelic expression of a subset of genes in a parent-of-origin manner. These haploid genes are highly active in the placenta and are functionally implicated in the appropriate development of the fetus. Furthermore, the epigenetic marks regulating imprinted expression patterns are established early in development. These characteristics make genomic imprinting a potentially useful biomarker for environmental insults, especially during the in utero or early development stages, and for health outcomes later in life. Herein, we critically review the current literature regarding environmental influences on imprinted genes and summarize findings that suggest that imprinted loci are sensitive to known teratogenic agents, such as alcohol and tobacco, as well as less established factors with the potential to manipulate the in utero environment, including assisted reproductive technology. Finally, we discuss the potential of genomic imprinting to serve as an environmental sensor during early development.
A novel approach to the control of dynamically unfavorable processes

It has been suggested by Rosenbrock [8] that a method to improve the over-all control of a complex process like a distillation column is to use a theory based on matrix algebra to adjust the dynamic response of the process to some required response before applying conventional control. The development has the main drawback that a very large number of control and measurement variables are required. Practical considerations require that these be reduced. The method suggested is quite generally applicable to any linear multivariable system. It is shown that, when only a limited number of variables are used for control and measurement, the maximum improvement possible can be estimated from asymptotic considerations. Further this limit on system performance is dependent only on the process and the number of variables available for control and measurement, not on the control system details. The theory was applied to a linearized model of a five-plate binary distillation column and the lowest natural frequency was increased by a factor of five. This paper includes neither details of how this system of control would be realized practically nor what is the desired response of the system before applying conventional control. This is a preliminary survey of the prospects for this system of control and with the encouraging answers obtained it will be worthwhile pursuing the method further.
SMART: making DB2 (more) autonomic

IBM's SMART (Self-Managing And Resource Tuning) project aims to make DB2 self-managing, i.e. autonomic, to decrease the total cost of ownership and penetrate new markets. Over several releases, increasingly sophisticated SMART features will ease administrative tasks such as initial deployment, database design, system maintenance, problem determination, and ensuring system availability and recovery.
A Comparison between the Performance of Ferro- and Magnetorheological Fluids in a Hydrodynamic Bearing

The scope of this paper is to investigate the practical application of using either ferro- or magnetorheological fluids to actively control the fluid flow, pressure generation, and dynamic behavior of a hydrodynamic bearing. Further, this study will endeavor to establish, on a comparative basis, the suitability of each one of these two fluids for use with and control of a self-acting bearing when speed, eccentricity, and the applied magnetic field are changed parametrically. Both ferro- and magnetorheological may provide active control when subject to a magnetic field, but through different mechanisms: the ferrorheological through a discrete change in the body force, while the magnetorheological through global change in its dynamic viscosity. Regardless, changes caused in the ferro- or magnetorheological properties affect the pressure distribution, load-carrying capacity, and frictional torque. By influencing the load-carrying capacity, torque, and attitude angle on a timely basis, as a machine moves tran...
Screening females in juvenile detention for chlamydial cervicitis

PURPOSE: To compare the costs of different strategies of testing and treating chlamydia cervicitis in adolescent females in the juvenile justice system. METHODS: Using a decision analytic model, we compared 5 strategies: 1) do nothing; 2) treat everyone with a single 1 gm dose of azithromycin; 3) screen for current symptoms or history of a sexually transmitted disease (SH) and treat those who have a positive screen; 4) screen with urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) and treat those who have a positive test; 5) screen with cervical LCR and treat those who have a positive test. Chlamydia prevalence and SH screen test characteristics were determined from a cohort study conducted at a juvenile detention center. Treatment and testing costs were taken from the cost accounting system at an urban teaching facility. LCR test characteristics, treatment efficacy, and complication (pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, and ectopic pregnancy) rates and costs were derived from the literature. Future costs were discounted at a 3% annual rate in the base case. RESULTS: In this cohort (241 females, 59.8% African American, 40% Caucasian, mean age 14.8 years) with a prevalence of chlamydia of 16.8%, empiric treatment (Strategy 2) was the least expensive strategy, but screening with urine LCR (Strategy 4) was only minimally more expensive (see table). Although changes in a number of variables affected the total costs, only changes in chlamydia prevalence and the pelvic inflammatory disease rate would render strategies other than 2 or 4 to be preferred. For example, if the prevalence of chlamydia were between 0 and 3.5%, then doing nothing (Strategy 1) would be the least expensive strategy; between 3.5% and 5.6%, SH (Strategy 3) would be least expensive; between 5.6% and 16.4%, urine LCR (Strategy 4) would be least expensive; and if the prevalence of chlamydia were greater than 16.4%, then empiric therapy (Strategy 2) would be least expensive. CONCLUSION: In a detained adolescent female population, empiric treatment for chlamydia cervicitis or treatment based on urine LCR results are nearly equivalent in cost and are less costly than other strategies.
The Incorporation of NMDA Receptors with a Distinct Subunit Composition at Nascent Hippocampal Synapses In Vitro

Activity-dependent synaptic rearrangements during CNS development require NMDA receptor activation. The control of NMDA receptor function by developmentally regulated subunit expression has been proposed as one mechanism for this receptor dependence. We examined the phenotype of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors during the development of synaptic load using the NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B)-selective antagonist ifenprodil. In cultured rat hippocampal neurons when relatively few synapses had formed, the ifenprodil block of EPSCs was less than whole-cell currents, the latter of which included both synaptic and extrasynaptic receptors. At the same developmental stage, we found that extrasynaptic receptors outnumbered synaptic receptors by 3:1; thus whole-cell currents were dominated by the extrasynaptic population. We used the macroscopic kinetics of ifenprodil block to distinguish between the receptor populations. The ifenprodil kinetics of whole-cell currents from neurons before and during the development of synaptic load was comparable with that of whole-cell currents in HEK293 cells transfected with NR1 and NR2B cDNA, indicating that extrasynaptic receptors are largely NR1/NR2B heteromers. In contrast, synaptic receptors included both a highly ifenprodil-sensitive (NR1/NR2B) component as well as a second population with lower ifenprodil sensitivity; the reduced ifenprodil block of EPSCs was attributable to synaptic receptors with lower ifenprodil sensitivity rather than to the appearance of ifenprodil-insensitive (NR1/NR2A) receptors. Our data indicate that the synaptic NMDA receptor complement changes quickly after synapse formation. We suggest that synapses containing predominately NR1/NR2B heteromers represent "immature" sites, whereas mature sites express NMDA receptors with a distinct, presumably triheteromeric, subunit composition.
Nonlinear optical spectroscopy for surface studies of rubbed polyimide

Summary form only given. In fabrication of liquid-crystal (LC) display devices, rubbed polyimide films on glass substrates are widely used to align bulk liquid crystal molecules in a preferred direction. It is believed that rubbing induces anisotropic chain orientation on the polymer surfaces, and the subsequent LC-polymer interaction leads to the bulk LC alignment, but the detailed surface structure of the rubbed polyimide is not known. Polarized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements have shown that rubbing indeed induces anisotropy in the IR absorption of the polyimide film.
Discovering Diverse and Salient Threads in Document Collections

We propose a novel probabilistic technique for modeling and extracting salient structure from large document collections. As in clustering and topic modeling, our goal is to provide an organizing perspective into otherwise overwhelming amounts of information. We are particularly interested in revealing and exploiting relationships between documents. To this end, we focus on extracting diverse sets of threads---singly-linked, coherent chains of important documents. To illustrate, we extract research threads from citation graphs and construct timelines from news articles. Our method is highly scalable, running on a corpus of over 30 million words in about four minutes, more than 75 times faster than a dynamic topic model. Finally, the results from our model more closely resemble human news summaries according to several metrics and are also preferred by human judges.
Quiescent-Signal Analysis: A Multiple Supply Pad IDDQ Method

Increasing leakage current makes single-threshold IDDQ testing ineffective for differentiating defective and detect-free chips. Quiescent-signal analysis is a new detection and diagnosis technique that uses IDDQ measurement at multiple chip supply ports, reducing the leakage component in each measurement and significantly improving detection of subtle detects. In this article, we apply linear regression analysis and a new technique called ellipse analysis to the data collected from a set of 12 test chips to illustrate QSA's defect detection capabilities and limitations. The design permits control over the magnitude of the emulated-defect current and the leakage current
Wheel rolling constraints and slip in mobile robots - simulation results

Previously, we (1997) established that wheel slip is inevitable under the dynamic model of motion using classical results on the accessibility and controllability in nonlinear control theory and an analytical model of rolling of two linearly elastic bodies. In this paper, we present simulation results on the magnitude of such slip based on Kalker's simplified linear theory of the traction forces at the wheel-ground interface.
Akyildiz Wins W. Wallace McDowell Award

Georgia Tech’s Ian F. Akyildiz is the 2011 winner of the IEEE Computer Society’s prestigious W. Wallace McDowell Award. The McDowell Award is given to individuals for outstanding recent theoretical, design, educational, practical, or other innovative contributions in the field of computing.
Communication at the crossroads: Competition between concepts

Reports on the status of the communications industry in the current marketpace and examines the impact of technology, government, and industry on communications products and services.
Radiative Properties of Two-Dimensional Random Roughness Surfaces Based on an Electromagnetic Wave Model

The radiative properties of engineering surfaces with microscale surface textures (patterned or random roughness and coating) are of fundamental importance and practical interest. In the rapid thermal processing or arc/flash-assisted heating of silicon wafers, the control of energy deposition through thermal radiation and the surface temperature measurement using optical pyrometry require in-depth knowledge of the surface radiative properties. These properties are temperature, wavelength, and surface texture dependent. It is important that these properties can be modeled and predicted with reasonable accuracy. This study solved the Maxwell equations that describe the electromagnetic wave reflection from two-dimensional random roughness surfaces. The surface used in the study has a surface height distribution that is non-Gaussian and anisotropic. The incident electromagnetic wave scattered from the rough surface was computed using the finitedifference time-domain method. The application of this method was described in details. The method accounts for the interference of multiple scattered waves accurately. It allows accurate prediction of the bi-directional reflectivity, from which other properties, for example, transmissivity and absorptivity, can be obtained. The preliminary bi-directional reflectance function predictions were presented and discussed.
HIV-1 Single-Stranded RNA Induces CXCL13 Secretion in Human Monocytes via TLR7 Activation and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell–Derived Type I IFN

Elevated levels of the chemokine CXCL13 have been observed in the plasma of chronically HIV-1-infected subjects and have been correlated with plasma viremia, which in turn has been linked to progressive dysregulation of humoral responses. In this study we sought to identify mechanisms of CXCL13 induction in response to HIV-1 infection. Plasma levels of CXCL13 in HIV-1-infected antiretroviral therapy-naive subjects correlated with viral load and were higher compared with antiretroviral therapy-treated HIV-1-infected and HIV-1-uninfected subjects. To elucidate the relationship between HIV-1 viremia and CXCL13 plasma levels, PBMCs from uninfected donors were stimulated with HIV-1 infectious virions, HIV-1 ssRNA, TLR 7 and 8 agonists, or IFN-α. The cellular sources of CXCL13 were determined by intracellular cytokine staining of cell populations. CXCL13 was produced by monocytes after stimulation with TLR 7 and 8 ligands or HIV-1-derived ssRNA. CXCL13 production by monocytes required TLR7 activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and secretion of type I IFN. IFN-α alone was sufficient to induce CXCL13 expression in human monocytes. In sum, we identified a novel mechanism of HIV-1-induced CXCL13 secretion-one caused by TLR7 induction of type I IFN by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and subsequent IFN stimulation of monocytes. Our findings are relevant in understanding how HIV-1 infection leads to immune dysregulation and provide the opportunity to develop and test potential therapeutic interventions.
Role of CT in evaluating patients with small-bowel obstruction

The accurate and rapid diagnosis of acute small-bowel obstruction has troubled surgeons and radiologists for more than a century. With the advent of CT, solving the problem is now a possibility. CT can accurately diagnose obstruction, determine the likely cause and location, and even suggest whether there is associated bowel ischemia or strangulation.
The what, why, who and how of globalization: What is psychology to do?

Globalization is an amorphous construct that requires demarcation. To do that, I attempt to answer the what, who, why and how of globalization. The first question consists of three elements: people, products, and processes. The second question contains two parts: by whom and for whom. The third answer consists of an agentic response and a socio-historical one. Finally, the last question contains several answers, ranging from the psychological to the political. The second part of the paper deals with the implications of globalization for psychology. I call on psychology to embrace (a) an ecological and multidimensional view of wellbeing, (b) an ecological and multidimensional view of justice, and (c) a systematic approach to personal, organizational, and societal change. These changes will be more likely if psychology renounced its support for the societal status quo. As amply shown by the preceding papers, globalization is a concept pregnant with multiple meanings. For some, globalization connotes exploitation; for others, opportunity (Bhagwati, 2007; Marsella, 2012; Petras & Veltmeyer, 2001; Stiglitz, 2003, 2007; Wolf, 2004). Whereas some talk about the globalization of capital, others talk about the import and export of ideas. To navigate this cacophony of meanings, I suggest we discuss globalization in four sections, answering the followingquestions:Thewhat,who,whyandhowofglobalization.Thiswillallow us to define the elements of globalization, the parties affected by it, its sources and goals, and the mechanisms that make it happen. Psychology, itself an object of globalization and a big part of how individuals, groups, and communities react to it, will figure prominently in our discussion. But in addition to its epistemic role in explaining aspects of globalization, we will also talk about what psychology can do in this transnational era.
COMPUTER - MODELING OF OXYGEN SUPPLY TO CARTILAGE: ADDITION OF A COMPARTMENTAL MODEL

Our previous studies have focussed on the architecture of the avian growth plate and the oxygen consumption of growth plate chondrocytes in order to develop an appropriate computer model for estimating chondrocyte anoxia (Haselgrove et al., 1993). Initially, we used two models: the Krogh cylinder (Silverton et al., 1989), and a second model with similar geometry utilizing a complex oxygen consumption as a function of oxygen concentration (Silverton et al., 1990). For this purpose, we divided the growth plate into two anatomical regions; the region of resting-proliferating chondrocytes and the region of hypertrophic chondrocytes. We modeled the two growth plate regions separately and ignored the transition zone. We also used a two dimensional analysis assuming that the major flow of oxygen was radial rather than axial. To extend our model, we have now used a compartmental model originally developed for modeling the oxygen and carbon dioxide distribution in the microvasculature of the brain (Ye et al., 1993). With this model we have been able to evaluate the contribution of the microvacular structure to oxygen supply of the resting and hypertrophic regions of the growth cartilage and to estimate oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressure variations in the growth plate.
Model-based ethanol blend estimation in flexible-fuel vehicles:

This paper presents a model-based strategy estimating the ethanol content of an ethanol–gasoline blended fuel in flexible fuel vehicles. A steady-state parametric model relating engine speed, throttle angle, and air–fuel ratio to the fuel injector pulse-width is developed from physics. The parameters of this model are adapted and linked to percentage of ethanol content via a suitably defined metric. The proposed steady-state model structure is experimentally validated on a 2005 5.4L V8 Ford engine. The developed ethanol content estimation methodology is justified based on the combustion chemistry and physics involved. The methodology developed has a distinct advantage over previously proposed methods as it uses only the existing sensor set on a production vehicle.
Survival of indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at low temperatures.

Concerns over insect resistance, regulatory action, and the needs of organic processors have generated renewed interest in developing nonchemical alternative postharvest treatments to fumigants used on dried fruits and nuts. Low-temperature storage has been identified as one alternative for the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), common postharvest pests in California dried fruits and nuts. The response of eggs, nondiapausing larvae, and pupae of both species to exposure to low temperatures (0, 5, and 10°C) was evaluated. Eggs of both species were the least tolerant of low temperatures. At 0 and 5°C, pupae were most tolerant, but at 10°C, nondiapausing larvae of both species were most tolerant, with lethal time (LT)95 values of 127 and 100 d for Indianmeal moth and navel orangeworm, respectively. The response of diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae to subfreezing temperatures also was evaluated. Diapausing larvae were very cold tolerant at −10°C, with LT95 values of 20 and 17 d for long-term laboratory and recently isolated cultures, respectively. Diapausing larvae were far less tolerant at lower temperatures. At −15°C, LT95 values for both cultures were <23 h, and at −20°C, LT95 values were <7 h. Refrigeration temperatures of 0–5°C should be useful in disinfesting product contaminated with nondiapausing insects, with storage times of 3 wk needed for adequate control. Relatively brief storage in commercial freezers, provided that the temperature throughout the product was below −15°C for at least 48 h, also shows potential as a disinfestation treatment, and it is necessary when diapausing Indianmeal moth larvae are present.
Removal of Protecting Groups

A solution of benzyloxycarbonyl-L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide [3] (41.8 g, 100 mmol) in methanol [4] (250 ml) is prepared in a 500 ml round bottom flask [5] provided with a magnetic stirrer, a gas inlet-outlet tube [6] and surrounded by a large evaporating dish [7]. The air is displaced by a slow stream of nitrogen and a 10% palladium-on-charcoal catalyst [8] (4.2 g = 0.42 g metal) is added. Once again a slow stream of nitrogen is led through the flask, for a few minutes, then the introduction of a slow stream of hydrogen is started. The catalyst is kept in suspension by vigorous stirring. The gas which escapes through the outlet tube [9] is led, from time to time, through a half-saturated filtered solution of Ba(OH)2 in water. When the evolutionof CO2 ceases the reaction mixture is warmed by a water bath of about 50 °C until no more CO2 can be detected [10] in the escaping gas. The reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and the introduction of hydrogen is terminated. The remaining gas is displaced by nitrogen and the catalyst is removed by filtration [11], preferably under a blanket of nitrogen. The catalyst is washed with methanol (50 ml) and stored under water until it is discarded or regenerated. The filtrate is evaporated in vacuo [12] or under a stream of air in a well ventilated hood. The residue is dried in air and finally in a desiccator over P2O5 in vacuo. The tripeptide amide (hemihydrate) weighs 28.8 g (98%) and melts at 125–126 °C [13].
Best Practices in the Treatment of Substance-Abusing Women in the Child Welfare System

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the literature on women's chemical dependency and its effects on their children. Many risk factors (e.g., a history of traumatic exposure) and consequences (interference with parenting) of substance abuse are unique for women, giving rise to special treatment needs of substance-abusing women with children. Substance-abusing mothers also experience unique barriers to receiving the services they need to recover, such as absence of child care and lack of gender-specific treatment in their communities. Model programs are described and recommendations are offered for best treatment practices for women with chemical dependency who present in the child welfare system.
Cross Sections for the S 32 (n, p)P 32 and the S 34 (n, α)Si 31 Reactions

The cross section forS/sup 32/(n,p)P/sup 32/ has been measured for incident neutron energies up to 15 Mev. The data at high energies differ from previously published measurements. The cross section for S/sup 34/(n, alpha )Si/ sup 34/ also has been measured for incident neutron energies up to 14.1 Mev. (auth)
Factors associated with recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma involving the temporal bone.

Objective:This study aimed to better identify factors associated with recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) involving the temporal bone.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted at a tertia...
Insect Larval Activity on Developing Corn Ears and Subsequent Aflatoxin Contamination of Seed

Insect larvae that feed on developing corn kernels have been implicated in establishment of Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. infection and subsequent contamination of the seed with aflatoxin before harvest. The effect of environment on the association between A. flavus and 2 corn insects was examined on corn grown at diverse locations. Corn ears at Tifton, Ga., Ankeny, Iowa, and Portageville, Mo., were hand-infested with corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner), and inoculated with A. flavus spores. Test corn was planted at different times to acquire varied maturity stages in ears during the growing season. Insects were collected from ears at staggered times after flowering and examined for A. flavus . The highest incidence of the fungus on corn insects was observed in Georgia samples (21.9%); Missouri insects provided an intermediate occurrence (13.7%); and the lowest fungal presence was found on insects from Iowa (7.3%). Infestation of ears with insects and introduction of fungal spores into the silk bundle increased levels of toxin in mature seeds, particularly in Georgia and Missouri corn. Ears exhibiting the greatest visual insect damage provided seed with the highest aflatoxin levels. The results provided compelling evidence for the role of corn insects in transferring A. flavus spores from the silk region of the ear into the region of developing kernels and subsequent formation of aflatoxin in seed. The extent of the fungal-insect association and related toxin production was influenced by regional factors.
Childrearing orientations in Mexican American families: the influence of generation and sociocultural factors

Cette etude compare les pratiques educatives des parents americains d'origine mexicaine envers les adolescents de la premiere, seconde et troisieme generation. L'etude met en evidence l'influence de la generation et des facteurs socio-culturels sur le style d'education des parents envers les adolescents. Les pratiques educatives varient ainsi en fonction du milieu socio-culturel et comportent des differences intergenerationnelles
MP11: COMORBID DEPRESSION OR ANXIETY IS ASSOCIATED WITH AORTIC VASCULAR INFLAMMATION AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE BEYOND TRADITIONAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN PSORIASIS

Purpose of Study Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder associated with vascular inflammation (VI), measured by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18-FDG PET/CT), and increased risk of MI. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to have comorbid depression and anxiety. Whether these comorbidities accelerate the development of CVD in psoriasis is unclear. We hypothesized that aortic VI and coronary plaque burden would be increased in patients with psoriasis who have depression and/or anxiety compared to those with psoriasis who do not. Methods Used Patients were prospectively enrolled. Those who reported a history of depression and/or anxiety (n=40) on survey and age- and gender-matched patients who reported no history of psychiatric illness (n=40) were selected. Target-to-Background ratio from 18FDG PET/CT was used to assess aortic VI, and coronary CT angiography scans were analyzed for coronary plaque composition. Summary of Results Both aortic VI and coronary plaque burden were higher in psoriasis patients with comorbid depression or anxiety compared to those without (table 1). After adjustment for Framingham Risk Score, body mass index, and statin use; VI (β=0.24, p=0.02), total plaque burden (β=0.13, p=0.04), and non-calcified burden (β=0.13, p=0.04) were associated with comorbid depression and/or anxiety. Conclusions Patients with psoriasis who have comorbid depression or anxiety have increased aortic VI and coronary plaque burden, suggesting that identification of psychiatric diagnoses in psoriasis may be warranted for future CV risk reduction in this high risk population.
Analysis on hygienic monitoring results of public places in Huangshan scenic areas in 2010

Objective: To evaluate the hygienic conditions of public places in Huangshan scenic areas of our city,and explore the strategy of improving hygienic management level of public places.Methods: monitor hygien-ic conditions of related health indexes of five types of public places in Huangshan scenic areas.Results: The to-tal qualified rate of environment of indoor air and public articles is 94.8%.The qualified rate of public articles 99.4% is significantly higher than the qualified rate of the environment of indoor air 94.0%.The difference is statistically significant(P0.05).The qualified rates of indoor air environmental indexes of five types of public places are: the traffic waiting room 100%,the place of entertainment 97.9%,the hotels 93.6%,the museum 87.0% and public bathroom 77.8%.In eight environmental monitoring indexes of indoor air,the qualified rates of temperature,relative humidity and total bacterial number are lower.Conclusion:The overall sanitary situation of public places in Huangshan scenic areas can be thought good.Department of health should enhance coverage and frequency of regular supervision monitoring and strengthen technical guidance.
Efficacy of 10% tetramethrin-permethrin micro-emulsion for the control of Aedes albopictus in field

Objective To evaluate the effect of 10% tetramethrin-permethrin for the control of Aedes albopictus in field,and provide repertory of medication for dengue fever. Methods The index of killing rate,adult density captured by man-bait and breeding positive rate was observed.Results The positive rate of larva decreased 85% and the relative population index(RPI) of larve from breeding sites was under 50 after 10% tetramethrin-permethrin micro-emulsion spraying for 6 d on Luxun garden.The positive rate of larva decreased 25% and RPI of larve from breeding sites was above 100 after spraying for 13 d.The positive rate of larva decreased 100% after spraying for 6 d on Quyang garden.The positive rate of larva increased 27% and the RPI larve from breeding sites was above 100 after spraying for 13 d on Quyang garden.After spraying in Luxun garden,the killing rate was 98.84% immediately and 100% for 24 h,the RPI of adult density captured by man-bait was under 100 for 2 h and under 50 for 24 h,6 d and 13 d.After spraying in Quyang garden,the killing rate was 100% immediately and 100% for 24 h,the RPI of adult density captured by man-bait was under 50 for 2 h,24 h,6 d and 13 d.Conclusion The adult and larvae of Aedes albopictus can be controlled and last for some days by ground ULV exposured for 10% tetramethrin-permethrin micro-emulsion in large green belt.It can be the repertory of medication by ground ULV for controlling Aedes albopictus.
Simulation on Temperature Field of Air Layer of the New Solar Wall

A new structure of solar wall was steted up.It consists of a monolayer,single high transmissivity LOW-E glass,the solar absorption,the air layer,polystyrene board(EPS)and the solid wall.With the technology of CFD,used the models of RNG k-e model and the solar load model,the temperature field in the internal of solar wall is simulated.And a comparative model is set up,its structure is double common glasses,shutter type solar energy absorption layer,the air layer,polystyrene board(EPS)and solid wall.The temperature field of air layer in the same conditions is simulated.Through the analysis and comparison of the two models,The heat conduction performance of the new structure of solar wall is better than the comparison model.The new solar wall achieves evident energy saving effect.This research results will have the certain reference value on engineering design and further study of solar wall.
Measurement variation in method comparison studies: An empirical examination

Procedures commonly used in rehabilitation research to analyze data from method comparison studies were examined. A simulation study was conducted in which different types of measurement variation were introduced to a reference set of range of motion (ROM) values. The test ROM data included individual data sets with random variation, alternate variation, constant variation, and proportional variation. Comparisons were made between original ROM reference values and simulated test ROM data. The statistical comparisons involved Pearson product-moment correlation, least square regression, t tests, and intraclass correlation coefficients. The individual data sets were also presented graphically using a method referred to as limits of agreement. The analyses revealed Pearson product-moment correlations, t tests, and other commonly used statistical procedures were not sensitive to different types of measurement variation in evaluating the results of method comparison investigations. The findings indicate that the limits of agreement technique, based on plotting difference scores against mean values, provided the most accurate estimation of measurement error. The advantages and limitations of various procedures to analyze agreement between rehabilitation assessment methods are described.