cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An online education approach to population health in a global society.

Background Health professions education content must keep pace with the ever-evolving and changing health care system. Population-based health care is advocated as a way to improve health outcomes, particularly in a technologically advanced health system like the United States. At the same time, global health knowledge is increasingly valued in health professions education, including nursing. Aims This article describes the design and implementation of an online population health course with a global viewpoint intended to accommodate the need for improved knowledge and skill application for graduate nurses. Attention was also given to faculty efficiency during the process of design and implementation. Materials and Methods This population-global health course was piloted in a renovated master's curriculum for two semesters. Administering a Course Improvement Survey after initial course offerings assisted faculty to assess and target essential course changes. Data were collected from 106 registered nurse graduate students. Results Population and global health course objectives were met and students identified areas for course enhancement. Students (90%–94%) reported achieving increased knowledge of population health and global health. Discussion Like other creative works, the first rendition of a course requires pedagogical adjustments and editing. Formal student input, when built into the design and implementation of a course can assist faculty to be efficient when crafting essential course changes for subsequent semesters. Data from the survey showed that major population and global subject matter was being grasped by students, the data also revealed that tweaking specific online strategies like making all course content mobile would enhance the course. Conclusion The course development process and course improvement evaluation for this Population Health in a Global Society course proved valuable in the education of nurses, and helped maintain faculty work efficiency.
Renal medullary carcinoma: A national analysis of 159 patients.

Background Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is an aggressive malignancy seen predominantly in young males with sickle cell trait. RMC is poorly understood, with fewer than 220 cases described in the medical literature to date. We used a large national registry to define the typical presentation, treatments, and outcomes of this rare tumor. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for patients under 40 years of age diagnosed with RMC from 1998 to 2011. An analysis of patient and tumor characteristics, treatment details, and overall survival (OS) was undertaken, and factors associated with mortality were identified using multivariable regression analysis. Results In total, 159 patients with RMC were identified, of whom a majority were male (71%), African American (87%), and had metastatic disease (71%). Median tumor size was 6 cm and median survival was 7.7 months. Most patients underwent surgery (60%) and chemotherapy (65%). Few patients received radiation (12%). Patients with metastatic disease had a significantly worse median survival (4.7 vs. 17.8 months, P < 0.001) and were less likely to receive surgery (42% vs. 91%, P < 0.001). Age and tumor size did not appear to impact OS. Conclusion In the largest cohort to date of patients with RMC, we found a dismal median survival of less than 8 months. Age and tumor size were not associated with OS. Metastatic disease at presentation was the main negative prognostic indicator in RMC and was present in a majority of patients at the time of diagnosis.
Ideology in Social Welfare Policy Instruction: An Examination of Required Readings

A national survey of required readings in social welfare policy courses indicates that a liberal, pro-welfare state ideology is predominant. Such an ideology rests on the concepts of modernization and industrialization within a structural-functionalist methodology. This predominant model of social welfare policy suggests the inevitability of the welfare state while effectively excluding serious consideration of both conservative and socialist alternatives.
Violence Against International Students: A Critical Gap in the Literature:

Despite the growing trend on college campuses to increase their international student body, this population is largely left out of research due to the complexity they bring to the research process compared to their domestic counterparts. This is particularly true for the existing research on campus sexual violence; thus, there is no research-based indication that international students, let alone international graduate students, would face victimization risks on campus in the same way the extant literature identifies for domestic undergraduates. The existing research on international students indicates that their experiences are different than their domestic counterparts, and the sparse literature on graduate students indicates their experiences are different from their undergraduate counterparts. A specific focus on the intersection of these two identities, international graduate students, is almost completely absent from the literature. This research review highlights key research that provides foundational knowledge for the experience of international students and international graduate students with regard to their vulnerability to sexual violence. The author organizes the extant literature into three major areas that inform the overarching research topic: (1) international student experiences, (2) victimization, and (3) campus culture. Basic findings indicate that there are limitations in extrapolating previous research findings on campus sexual violence to this population, calling for a need to focus specifically and intentionally on this population of students. The objective of this article is to review the current state of knowledge about the risk and vulnerability of international students to sexual violence and victimization and to address the directions for future research.
Evaluation of a Novel Coal Flotation Improvement Approach With the Addition of Hydrophobic Magnetic Particles

The present study concentrated on a novel froth flotation process with the addition of hydrophobic magnetic particles. The effects of the concentration of hydrophobic particles, coal type, and the ...
Microchannels for thermal management in FPGAs

Thermal management of electronics is a key area of interest in today's age of 3D VLSI integration and compute-intensive applications. Microchannel cooling is gaining a lot of attention as a viable and effective means of thermal management in modern ICs. Since FPGAs are playing a greater role in the high performance computing application market, conventional heat sinks will not be sufficient to meet the high thermal budgets of such power hungry applications. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of microchannel based cooling in the context of FPGA based designs. We explore both conventional and stacked 3D FPGA designs which incorporate microchannels and analyze simulation data on microchannel cooling performance. Our study shows that microchannel based heatsinks outperform air cooling by 40 to 50 % for both conventional and 3D designs.
Genetics and Breeding of Flooding Tolerance in Rice

Flooding is a frequent natural calamity, affecting global food supply and financial security. The intensity of rainfall events is expected to increase under future climate change scenarios, which will greatly impact rice production. Different flooding patterns can cause damage or complete yield loss in rice plants at different stages of growth. This includes (a) complete submergence due to flash flood at vegetative or pre-flowering stages, (b) stagnant flooding of medium-deep water and deepwater or floating rice, and (c) submergence at germination or anaerobic germination. Different molecular and physiological mechanisms underly tolerance to each type of flooding. Several major QTLs have been mapped and several key genes underlying the QTLs have been cloned. Remarkable progress has been achieved through conventional and molecular breeding strategies in developing tolerant varieties to mitigate the impact of different flood events. This effort will be continued in the future by incorporating new QTLs/genes and tolerance to other abiotic and biotic stresses according to the needs of the target regions. Genetics, genomics, and other modern technologies will also be continuously explored to further our understanding of how rice plants cope with different types of flooding stress.
Networked reality and technological power: argumentation and memory in Facebook memorials for Nelson Mandela

Networked technologies have distinct effects on argumentation and public memory, offering the possibility of more democratic engagement through shared discourse. This essay examines Facebook memori...
Historical Loading Record of a Post-Depositionally Reactive Substance: A Model for Sulfur in an Adirondack Lake

A model for the distribution of sulfur in the sediments of a lake in the Adirondack Mountains, New York State, is developed to gain insight into the timing and magnitude of anthropogenic increases in sulfur loading. Surficial sulfur concentrations are about 3500 µg/g, increase to 6000-7000 µg/g at a depth of about 6 cm, and then decrease downcore to background levels of about 2500 µg/g. Sulfate concentrations are about 60-80 µM in the overlying water and decrease rapidly below the sediment water interface. This reflects assimilation and/or dissimilatory reduction of sulfate into the solid phase fractions of the sediment. A mathematical model is constructed assuming sulfur is incorporated into sediments by burial of detrital organic matter and by diffusion with subsequent fixation of sulfate from the overlying water. Several historical scenarios of atmospheric sulfate loading rates were used as model boundary conditions. Model results are compared with observed sedimentary sulfur profiles. The observed sediment sulfur profiles are best described using model boundary conditions showing increases in lake water sulfate concentrations, and thus presumably in atmospheric deposition, within the last 50-60 years.
Molecular-marker-facilitated investigation of host-plant response to Exserohilum turcicum in maize (Zea mays L.)

RFLPs at 103 loci were used to identify the location of quantitative sources of resistance to Exserohilum turcicum in 150 Fj.j lines of a B52/Mol7 maize population. Host-plant response was measured in terms of average number of lesions per leaf, average percent leaf tissue diseased (severity) and average size of lesions. The location of QTL were compared with loci having known qualitative effects, namely Htl, Ht2 and bxl. Chromosomal regions containing the Htl and Ht2 loci showed a small contribution in determining lesion size, even though alleles'with dominant, qualitative effects at these loci have never been reported in either inbred parent. Similar effects were not observed for number of lesions or disease severity. Likewise some contribution was observed for chromosomal regions encompassing the bxl locus in determining lesion size but not number of lesions or disease severity. Overall the contribution of loci in the vicinity of Htl, Ht2 and bxl was small relative to variation attributable to loci with quantitative effects identified in this study. RFLP mapping concurred with reciprocal translocation mapping on the importance of chromosomes 3, 5 and 7, despite the fact that these studies utilized diverse sources of resistant germplasm.
The action of interstitial cell-stimulating hormone upon tyrosinase activity in the weaver bird (Steganura paradisaea).

Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH)† has been shown to cause pigmentation of the feathers of weaver birds (Witschi, 1940). The black color resulting from exogenous administration of ICSH is due to the deposition of melanin in the regenerating feathers (Rawles, 1960). It is probable that the rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of melanin is the conversion of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) catalysed by the enzyme tyrosinase (Lerner, 1953). This report demonstrates that ICSH administered to weaver birds in, vivo increases the activity of tyrosinase in the skin from which responding feathers arise (the so-called right and left ventral feather tracts).
Role and technique of eggshell osteotomies and vertebral column resections in the treatment of fixed sagittal imbalance.

Abstract Fixed sagittal imbalance of the spine leads to a disabling posture with compensatory hip and knee flexion. The most common causes of fixed sagittal imbalance include degenerative lumbar disease, complications from the use of distraction instrumentation in the lower lumbar spine, ankylosing spondylitis, and posttraumatic kyphosis. Surgical procedures to correct sagittal deformities include the posterior Smith-Petersen osteotomy, pedicle subtraction osteotomy, and posterior vertebral column resection. For complex multiplanar deformities, combined anterior and posterior vertebral column resection may be needed to provide vertebral column shortening and balanced correction in the coronal and sagittal planes. Current reports of these procedures stress the importance of patient selection, radiographic evaluation, and meticulous surgical technique. Complications include excessive blood loss, incomplete correction, wound infection, and pseudarthrosis. Most patients who are treated with these procedures report a high level of satisfaction with the outcome.
In situ proteolytic digestions performed on proteins bound to the Hewlett-Packard hydrophobic sequencing column

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses in situ proteolytic digestions performed on proteins bound to the Hewlett-Packard hydrophobic sequencing column. Some studies have investigated methods for in situ proteolytic digestion using trypsin, and the endoproteinases Lys-C and Asp-N to generate peptides from the bound proteins. In situ reduction and alkylation of cysteines can be performed before digestion, if desired. Coupling the sequencing column to another high-performance liquid chromatography column via the column adapter allows the separation of peptides generated by enzymatic or chemical means without the need for transfer of the peptides or lyophilization. Thus, losses are minimized and potential problems such as adsorption to surfaces and sample insolubility are eliminated. Moreover, the advantages of reverse-phase chromatography are fully utilized while many problems, such as the inability to recover protein from the column, are avoided. A method for in situ digestion on a reverse-phase support provides a simple procedure for handling low amounts of problematic proteins. The chapter presents data that shows that in situ enzymatic digestion of proteins can be accomplished by this technique.
Temporary work inability and invalidity regarding the most frequent impairments of the motoric system – Economic impact on the Czech Republic

Abstract Introduction This paper deals with the invalidity of the first, second and third stage in the motoric system, which is one of the most frequent causes of invalidity. The impairments are dorsalgia, polyarthralgia, coxarthritis or gonarthritis. The goal of this study is to show the economic costs which the Czech Social Security Administration spends on the impairments of the motoric system during temporary work inability and the new invalidity pension system regarding these impairments. It is necessary to say that it provides a long-term pay-out of health insurance during temporary work inability. Materials and methods Evaluation was based on the data provided by the Czech Social Security Administration. The sample group included people who applied for invalidity pension in 2016. They were in the first and the second stage of the motoric system impairment. The quantitative research used the content analysis of texts to evaluate the data. Results We learned that the number of people who apply for invalidity pension increases every year, as well as the amount of money that is paid out. Conclusion We can say that motoric system impairments are the most frequent causes of temporary work inability. They are also the most frequent invalidity. Annually, these impairments cause work inability to more than 50 thousand people and invalidity pension is paid out to nearly 24 thousand policyholders. This alarming fact significantly influences the economic costs of the Czech Republic.
Differences in Therapeutic Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer Between Interstitial and Superficial Light Delivery Strategies in Targeted Photo Therapy

The purpose of this study was to determine if therapeutic efficacy of a Cetuximab based near-infrared (NIR) targeted photo therapy (TPT) was dependent on light delivery strategies. We examined the cytotoxic effects of TPT in a pancreatic cancer mouse model, when administered to tumors interstitially and superficially. A subcutaneous mouse model of pancreatic cancer using BXPC-3 - GFP cells was established in male athymic (nu/nu) mice. The mice received intravenous (IV) injection of Cetuximab-IR700DX, 24 hours prior to near-infrared light irradiation. Interstitial illumination was administered at a 400mW/cm fixed power output, at a light dose of 100 J/cm to half the mice and at 300 J/cm to the remaining mice. Superficial illumination was administered at a 150mw/cm2 fixed power density at a dose of 50 J/cm2 to half the mice, and at 250 J/cm2 to the other half. Cellular damage and decrease in cell viability was determined by the decrease in GFP fluorescence intensity levels in whole animal images and in relative intensity measurements. Interstitially administered TPT resulted in greater long-term permanent damage (72 hours post treatment) to tumor cells (0% recovery at low dose, and 11% recovery at high dose) compared to superficially administered TPT (1% recovery at low dose, and 44% recovery at high dose). While these results demonstrated that near-infrared targeted photo therapy efficacy was dependent on the type of light delivery strategy, overall, both superficial and interstitial Cet-IR700DX based near-infrared targeted photo therapy can effect significant long-term damage (less signal recovery) to pancreatic cancer cells in vivo at lower doses regimens, compared to higher dose regimens (higher signal recovery).
Eating Disorder Recovery: Fostering an Inclusive Culture

Eating disorder (ED) recovery is often difficult to define, which may leave those offering recovery support feeling lost and discouraged when determining ED services in their Collegiate Recovery Program (CRP). Although CRPs primarily support substance use disorders (SUD), research demonstrates 35% with a SUD recovery report also having an ED, thus making it imperative that CRPs understand and consider means for an ED supportive culture. Providing information to staff of CRPs on the state of ED recovery research and how to incorporate strategies for support, despite the size, tenure, or financial status of a CRP, is important for inclusion. Texas Tech offered their experience in their CRP and the evolution of ED support and culture within.
Mitochondrial One-Carbon Pathway Supports Cytosolic Folate Integrity in Cancer Cells

Mammalian folate metabolism is comprised of cytosolic and mitochondrial pathways with nearly identical core reactions, yet the functional advantages of such an organization are not well understood. Using genome-editing and biochemical approaches, we find that ablating folate metabolism in the mitochondria of mammalian cell lines results in folate degradation in the cytosol. Mechanistically, we show that QDPR, an enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism, moonlights to repair oxidative damage to tetrahydrofolate (THF). This repair capacity is overwhelmed when cytosolic THF hyperaccumulates in the absence of mitochondrially produced formate, leading to THF degradation. Unexpectedly, we also find that the classic antifolate methotrexate, by inhibiting its well-known target DHFR, causes even more extensive folate degradation in nearly all tested cancer cell lines. These findings shed light on design features of folate metabolism, provide a biochemical basis for clinically observed folate deficiency in QDPR-deficient patients, and reveal a hitherto unknown and unexplored cellular effect of methotrexate.
Association of Neurosurgical Resection With Development of Pachymeningeal Seeding in Patients With Brain Metastases.

Importance Neurosurgical resection represents an important management strategy for patients with large, symptomatic brain metastases and increasingly is followed by stereotactic radiation as opposed to whole-brain radiation. Whether neurosurgical resection is associated with tumor spread beyond the resection site and adjuvant stereotactic radiation field remains unknown. Objective To characterize the association and incidence of pachymeningeal seeding with neurosurgical resection in patients with brain metastases treated with adjuvant stereotactic radiation. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of a consecutive sample of patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases managed with neurosurgical resection and stereotactic radiation (n = 318) vs radiation alone (n = 870) between 2001 and 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence of pachymeningeal seeding (dural and/or outer arachnoid) and leptomeningeal disease in patients treated with neurosurgical resection and stereotactic radiation vs radiation alone and the risk factors and outcomes associated with pachymeningeal seeding in patients treated with neurosurgical resection followed by stereotactic radiation. Results In 1188 patients with newly diagnosed brain metastases, 133 men and 185 women (mean [SD] age, 58.9 [11.5] years) underwent neurosurgical resection. Resection was found to be associated with pachymeningeal seeding (36 of 318 patients vs 0 of 870 patients;P Conclusions and Relevance In the era of omission of adjuvant whole-brain radiation after neurosurgical resection, pachymeningeal seeding beyond the stereotactic radiation field represents a notable oncologic event that often proves difficult to salvage. However, in some patients, disease control can be achieved with radiotherapeutic approaches.
Sealed and Insulated Attic Hygrothermal Performance in New California Homes Using Vapor and Air Permeable Insulation—Field Study and Simulation

Author(s): Less, Brennan; Walker, Iain; Slack, Jonathan; Rainer, Leo; Levinson, Ronnen | Abstract: This project investigated the thermal and moisture performance of a low-cost approach to sealing and insulating attics using glass fiber insulation. The work included a combination of: (1) field measurements of attic and HVAC system performance in two new, high performance homes in California’s Central Valley (Fresno), and (2) hygrothermal simulations of attic performance. Each field study attic was continuously monitored at multiple locations for over a year for wood moisture content, air humidity, condensation, temperature, and heat flux, together with on-site weather and solar conditions. The Fresno test home showed periodic condensation and high surface wood moisture content, but no surface mold or degradation upon visual inspection at the end of the test period. The Clovis test home showed less indication of high moisture levels—either from surface condensation or wood moisture content—but did have visible suspected mold growth on the inside of the North sheathing at the end of the field testing. These results show the limitations of current moisture measurement techniques focused on wood moisture content, rather than potential for mold growth. From a thermal/energy perspective the attics were close to indoor conditions thereby realizing the design intent for reducing duct system losses. Simulated site HVAC energy savings for sealed vs. vented attics averaged 18% across California climate regions (8% TDV energy savings). Savings were dominated by heating energy reductions; cooling savings were substantially lower. The moisture issues are investigated in greater detail in the simulations. First, we identified the climate regions and house characteristics that are associated with increased risk of mold growth or wood rot in new CA homes. Climate region was very important in determining risk, as were house features that reduced outside air exchange (e.g., 1-story homes, very tight envelopes, very tight attics, no IAQ fan), along with those that increased flow of moist air from the living space to the attic (e.g., supply ventilation fans, larger ceiling leaks, duct leakage). Second, we investigated several approaches to reduce moisture risks, and the best approach was to use a vapor retarder on the inner face of the fiberglass insulation. Both the field and simulation results indicate that the use of air and vapor permeable insulation can be acceptable from a thermal/energy point of view, but additional measures need to be taken to reduce moisture risks, primarily from mold growth.
Experiences and challenges in building next-gen optically disaggregated datacenters : (Invited Paper)

While disaggregation has been successfully used for more than two decades to separate storage from compute (i.e., SAN/NAS systems), disaggregating tightly coupled resources like CPU, memory or accelerators has been so far considered unfeasible due to the hard dependency between their performance and the latency and bandwidth provided by their physical interconnect. We argue that modern optical networks make full datacenter disaggregation feasible in practice. We present our ongoing work on disaggregation by introducing the dReDBox architecture that completely separates datacenter resources into modular physical units interconnected via a high speed reconfigurable optical network. We discuss the current prototype and highlight challenges and work ahead.
Beyond the Separation of Church and State in America

This Essay analyzes the convergence of secularization theory and separation of church and state logic in mid-20th century American law and culture. It also shows that First Amendment law has moved beyond this separationist logic in recent opinions, and suggests a new integrative theory of religion, culture, and politics in its support.
Thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of xenon measured by refractive index gas thermometry

Measurements of the refractive indices of helium and argon using a quasi-spherical microwave resonator and upgraded experimental protocol are reported at the temperatures of the triple points of water and xenon. The results at the triple point of water are used to determine the compressibility of the resonating cavity, which is bounded by the copper shell of the resonator. This experimentally-determined compressibility is consistent with the literature value for copper, but with much smaller measurement uncertainty. The measured compressibility is extrapolated to the triple point of xenon, and combined with the refractive index results at that temperature to determine the thermodynamic accuracy of the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90): (T - T 90) = (-6.9 ± 1.7) mK at ITS-90 temperature T 90 = 161.40596 K, corresponding to a xenon triple point thermodynamic temperature of T = (161.3991 ± 0.0017) K. The experimental compressibility is further extrapolated to the triple points of argon, oxygen and neon, and used to re-analyze earlier refractive index gas thermometry measurements made using the same resonator, yielding updated values with reduced uncertainties: (T - T 90) = (-4.1 ± 1.6) mK at T 90 = 83.8058 K, (T - T 90) = (-2.0 ± 0.8) mK at T 90 = 54.3584 K, and (T - T 90) = (-0.61 ± 0.49) mK at T 90 = 24.5561 K. The ITS-90 thermodynamic accuracy results of the present refractive index gas thermometry study agree with those previously reported by acoustic gas thermometry and dielectric constant gas thermometry.
Tracking of Physical Fitness Components from Childhood to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study

Childhood physical fitness relative to adult health outcomes coupled with scant longitudinal research indicates that tracking of fitness components throughout childhood/adolescence is imperative. T...
Institutional Economics and the Cost of Capital for Infrastructure Projects

The growing use of public-private partnerships (PPPs) in infrastructure delivery has rekindled the public versus private cost-of-capital debate. Early debate concluded that the social cost of publi...
Effect of Low-dose and Standard-dose Aspirin on PGE2 Biosynthesis Among Individuals with Colorectal Adenomas: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Low-dose aspirin is recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force for primary prevention of colorectal cancer in certain individuals. However, broader implementation will require improved precision prevention approaches to identify those most likely to benefit. The major urinary metabolite of PGE2, 11α-hydroxy-9,15-dioxo-2,3,4,5-tetranor-prostane-1,20-dioic acid (PGE-M), is a biomarker for colorectal cancer risk, but it is unknown whether PGE-M is modifiable by aspirin in individuals at risk for colorectal cancer. Adults (N = 180) who recently underwent adenoma resection and did not regularly use aspirin or NSAIDs were recruited to a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of aspirin at 81 or 325 mg/day for 8–12 weeks. The primary outcome was postintervention change in urinary PGE-M as measured by LC/MS. A total of 169 participants provided paired urine samples for analysis. Baseline PGE-M excretion was 15.9 ± 14.6 (mean ± S.D, ng/mg creatinine). Aspirin significantly reduced PGE-M excretion (−4.7 ± 14.8) compared with no decrease (0.8 ± 11.8) in the placebo group (P = 0.015; mean duration of treatment = 68.9 days). Aspirin significantly reduced PGE-M levels in participants receiving either 81 (−15%; P = 0.018) or 325 mg/day (−28%; P
Top Ten Tips Palliative Care Clinicians Should Know About Interventional Pain and Procedures.

Pain is a common symptom for patients with advanced illness. Palliative care (PC) clinicians are experts in pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment of pain and other symptoms for these patient...
Uses and Limitations of Social Media to Inform Visitor Use Management in Parks and Protected Areas: A Systematic Review.

Social media are being increasingly used to inform visitor use management in parks and protected areas. We review the state of the scientific literature to understand the ways social media has been, and can be, used to measure visitation, spatial patterns of use, and visitors’ experiences in parks and protected areas. Geotagged social media are a good proxy for actual visitation; however, the correlations observed by previous studies between social media and other sources of visitation data vary substantially. Most studies using social media to measure visitation aggregate data across many years, with very few testing the use of social media as a visitation proxy at smaller temporal scales. No studies have tested the use of social media to estimate visitation in near real-time. Studies have used geotags and GPS tracks to understand spatial patterns of where visitors travel within parks, and how that may relate to other variables (e.g., infrastructure), or differ by visitor type. Researchers have also found the text content, photograph content, and geotags from social media posts useful to understand aspects of visitors’ experiences, such as behaviors, preferences, and sentiment. The most cited concern with using social media is that this data may not be representative of all park users. Collectively, this body of research demonstrates a broad range of applications for social media. We synthesize our findings by identifying gaps and opportunities for future research and presenting a set of best practices for using social media in parks and protected areas.
Disability, Climate Change, and Environmental Violence: The Politics of Invisibility and the Horizon of Hope

This article brings disability theory and activism into conversation with environmental justice, a conversation that has often been stymied by a fundamental difference in approaching disability. Environmental justice movements position disability as a visceral marker of environmental harm, while disability movements claim disability as a site of value and vitality, a position I call "disability embrace." Rather than adjudicate these differences, I use them to pinpoint a barrier to political alliance: environmental disability is a consequence of structural violence. I argue that disability politics offer vital resources for grappling with climate change. Applying insights from disability studies and disability activism to the analysis of environmental damage reveals the political stakes of diagnosis—the way power contours how, when, and to what ends we recognize human and ecological impairment. Disability insights illuminate pervasive cultural patterns of invisibility and climate denial. Disability critiques of futurity and cure can also reconfigure the way we approach hope and help fashion a new narrative of what it might mean to live well in the Anthropocene.
Polyspecific associations from camera trapping data of the lesula monkey (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) in the Lomami National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Polyspecific associations are common among African Cercopithecus monkeys in the forest canopy and may provide benefits by maximizing foraging success and reducing predation risk. The ground dwelling lesula monkey (Cercopithecus lomamiensis) is endemic to the Congo Basin in Central Africa and provides a unique opportunity to study interspecies interactions on the forest floor. The objectives of our study were to investigate the type and frequency of associations between lesula and heterospecifics, and if variation in patterns of association occurs among survey sites. We also assessed lesula’s behavior when in association. Camera trap videos containing lesula with heterospecifics were organized into events. We scored behaviors in an ethogram using continuous focal sampling. We found that lesula occurred in polyspecific associations with multiple sympatric species and were observed most often with the blue duiker (Philantomba monticola). Results indicated that relaxed behaviors were the most common responses of lesula when in polyspecific associations.
Accuracy of Acoustic Measures of Voice via Telepractice Videoconferencing Platforms

Purpose Telepractice improves patient access to clinical care for voice disorders. Acoustic assessment has the potential to provide critical, objective information during telepractice, yet its vali...
Rock Your Body: A first-year learning community integrating geology and fitness

Rock Your Body is a first-year learning community at a small liberal arts college integrating a case-based introductory geology class with a fitness and wellness class. The learning community provides opportunities for 18 students per year to combine active learning in geology with physical activity and embodied learning. This article describes the theoretical background and practical considerations of this integrated pedagogy as well as providing detailed instructions for implementing three embodied learning exercises. The first uses paddleboard yoga as an analogy for tectonic plates on the mantle. The second uses slacklining as an analogy for seismic wave behavior. The third uses dodgeball to model chemical equilibrium. Assessment data show that students who enroll in the Rock Your Body learning community have a better understanding of basic geological concepts than students in non-learning community sections of the same geology class, and students in another geology learning community. The learning community has also been a driver of enrollment for the geology program. Students who complete Rock Your Body are more likely than their peers in other introductory geology classes to enroll in future geology classes and to declare a major in geology.
Li+ and Oxidant Addition To Control Ionic and Electronic Conduction in Ionic Liquid-Functionalized Conjugated Polymers

Author(s): Rawlings, Dakota; Lee, Dongwook; Kim, Jeongmin; MagdAu, Ioan-Bogdan; Pace, Gordon; Richardson, Peter M; Thomas, Elayne M; Danielsen, Scott P. O; Tolbert, Sarah H; Miller, Thomas F; Seshadri, Ram; Segalman, Rachel A
Concentration profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in major sources to the environment

Abstract A review of published literature was conducted to present the concentrations and composition profiles of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from significant sources to the environment. The major sources of PFAS to the environment are categorized under direct and indirect sources. The characteristic compounds and concentrations are summarized as found from direct sources such as manufacturing facilities, aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) applications, metal coating operations, and textile and paper coating operations; and from indirect sources such as landfills and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The major findings are: 1) among the aqueous matrices for which data were reviewed, groundwater impacted by AFFF contamination showed the highest median concentrations for both perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), while the second-highest median concentrations were associated with landfill leachates for PFOA and metal-plating sources for PFOS; 2) many of the unknown polyfluorinated precursors present in AFFF-impacted sites could potentially convert to persistent PFAS by abiotic or biotic transformation, and therefore could act as the long-term source of contamination to the environment; 3) part per billion (ppb) concentrations of PFAS were detected in water bodies surrounding fluorochemical manufacturing plants; 4) in consumer products such as textile, paper, and personal care products, PFOA concentrations were an order of magnitude higher compared to other PFAS; 5) biotransformation products such as fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs) and perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are detected in landfill leachates and WWTP effluents; and 6) many studies have shown increased PFAA concentrations in WWTP effluents compared to influents. This work provides a comprehensive review of the literature on the PFAS concentration and composition trends of select non-polymeric PFAS in different sources.
Generalized data stream indexing and temporal query processing

Presents a novel indexing technique for temporal data stream which are sorted on the effective start time attribute. The index can be exploited in processing complex temporal pattern queries (such as multi-way joins) that are qualified with snapshot operators (e.g. the 'as of' operator). The advantages and limitations of the proposed scheme and a quantitative analysis of the storage requirements are presented. The authors propose some optimization alternatives that can reduce the storage requirements. >
Psychology of knowledge representation.

UNLABELLED Every cognitive enterprise involves some form of knowledge representation. Humans represent information about the external world and internal mental states, like beliefs and desires, and use this information to meet goals (e.g., classification or problem solving). Unfortunately, researchers do not have direct access to mental representations. Instead, cognitive scientists design experiments and implement computational models to develop theories about the mental representations present during task performance. There are several main types of mental representation and corresponding processes that have been posited: spatial, feature, network, and structured. Each type has a particular structure and a set of processes that are capable of accessing and manipulating information within the representation. The structure and processes determine what information can be used during task performance and what information has not been represented at all. As such, the different types of representation are likely used to solve different kinds of tasks. For example, structured representations are more complex and computationally demanding, but are good at representing relational information. Researchers interested in human psychology would benefit from considering how knowledge is represented in their domain of inquiry. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. CONFLICT OF INTEREST The author has declared no conflicts of interest for this article.
Effects of a Nap on Nighttime Sleep and Waking Function in Older Subjects

Objectives: To examine, in older subjects, the effect on waking function of increasing 24-hour sleep amounts by providing a nap opportunity; to assess what effects an afternoon nap may have on subsequent nighttime sleep quality and composition. Design: Two-session, within-subject laboratory design. Setting: The study was conducted in the Laboratory of Human Chronobiology at Weill Cornell Medical College. Participants: Thirty-two healthy men and women aged 55 to 85. Measurements: Polysomnography (sleep electroencephalogram), cognitive and psychomotor performance, body core temperature. Results: Napping had little effect on subsequent nighttime sleep quality or duration, resulting in a significant increase in 24-hour sleep amounts. Such increased sleep resulted in enhanced cognitive and psychomotor performance immediately after the nap and throughout the next day. Conclusion: A behavioral approach that adds daytime sleep to the 24-hour sleep quota seems worthy of consideration when presented with a situation in which physiological changes associated with aging may limit the duration of nighttime sleep.
Record Size Female Coyote, Canis latrans

On 11 March 2004 we recaptured and re-radio-collared an 8-9 yr old, 25.1 kg (55.3 lb), 157 cm long (tip of nose to tail tip) female Eastern Coyote ( Canis latrans ) in the town of Barnstable on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, that was originally captured in November 1998. This is believed to be the largest female Coyote ever recorded.
The End of an Era and the Beginning of Something New

6 For the last six years, the University Avenue Undergraduate Journal of Economics (UAUJE) has been a collaborative effort between the economic departments at Illinois Wesleyan and Illinois State University. The journal is a completely online publication (URL:http://www.econ.ilstu.edu/UAUJE), which publishes editions annually containing undergraduate research from across the United States and around the world. It has given students the unique opportunity to experience the editing and peer evaluation process associated with submitting research to scholarly journals. And through this process, Illinois Wesleyan students have excelled receiving the Bernard J. McCarney Award for the top paper submission for the last three years running. However, the era of the UAUJE is drawing to an end and this will be the last year the publication will exist in its current form. IWU and ISU have decided to stop collaborating following this spring’s edition in order pursue separate goals. Though it is unclear if Illinois State will continue to publish an undergraduate journal, Illinois Wesleyan is in the process of developing its own online version. Dr. Seeborg, Desi Hristova, Kory Blumer, and Iftekhar Ahmed are currently developing ideas for this brand new publication. They have not yet decided on a title for the new journal but hope to encourage other small liberal arts schools to participate in the publication in addition to the prestigious The End of an Era and the Beginning of Something New
Use of the Transtheoretical Model for Individuals with Co-Occurring Disorders

Because of the interactive nature between their mental disorder and their substance-use disorder, individuals with co-occurring disorders may experience factors that complicate behavioral change, such as considering abstinence from alcohol and drugs. This study examined the relationships between the stages-of-change and the processes of change, constructs of the Transtheoretical Model by Prochaska and DiClemente. There was partial support for the theory. The findings suggest that individuals with co-occurring disorders require support and clinical interventions throughout the entire change process.
Performance, optimization, and cross-layer design of media access protocols for wireless ad hoc networks

We introduce a methodology for studying wireless ad hoc networks in a multihop traffic environment. Our approach is to use theoretical upper bounds on network performance for evaluating the effects of various design choices: we focus on power control, the queuing discipline, the choice of routing and media access protocols, and their interactions. Using this framework, we then concentrate on the problem of medium access for wireless multihop networks. We first study CSMA/CA, and find that its performance strongly depends on the choice of the accompanying routing protocol. We then introduce two protocols that outperform CSMA/CA, both in terms of energy efficiency and achievable throughput. The progressive back off algorithm (PBOA) performs medium access jointly with power control. The progressive rump up algorithm (PRUA) sacrifices energy efficiency in favor of higher throughput. Both protocols slot time, and are integrated with queuing disciplines that are more relaxed than the first in first out (FIFO) rule. They are totally distributed and the overhead they require does not increase with the size and node density of the network.
Thermodynamic properties of acrylonitrile, 1-aminopropane, 2-aminopropane, and 2-methyl-2-aminopropane

Abstract Low-temperature calorimetric quantities were determined for acrylonitrile, 1-aminopropane, 2-aminopropane, and 2-methyl-2-aminopropane from 12 K to near their respective normal boiling temperatures. Values of molar heat capacity at saturation pressure of the condensed phases, transition and melting temperatures, and enthalpies of transition and fusion were measured by adiabatic calorimetry. From these data the thermodynamic quantities −{G s (T) − H o (0)} T , {H a (T) − H o (0)} T , {Ha(T) − Ho(0)}, Ss, and Cs were evaluated for the solid and liquid states. For acrylonitrile a revised vibrational assignment was made from Raman and infrared wavenumbers reported in the literature, and a table of thermodynamic functions for the ideal gas state from 0 to 1000 K was prepared. Values of the enthalpy, Gibbs energy, and logarithm of equilibrium constant of formation for acrylonitrile also were computed for the range 0 to 1000 K.
Stable expression of transfected human involucrin gene in various cell types: Evidence for in situ cross-linking by type I and type II transglutaminase

Involucrin is a 68-kd precursor of the cornified envelope in keratinocytes. During terminal differentiation, involucrin becomes covalently cross-linked to other proteins by a membrane-anchored calcium-activated transglutaminase (TG) to form part of the cornified envelope. To better understand this process, we have used vector-mediated gene transfer to ex- press human involucrin in a variety of cell types. Authentic involucrin protein was expressed in Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) cells (fibroblasts), PtK2 rat kangaroo kidney cells (simple epithelial), and rat epidermal keratinocytes (stratifying squamous epithelial). The expression vector included an independent transcription unit encoding the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (neo-r) allowing selection of stable involucrin-positive, G418-resistant clonal cell lines. In each cell type, involucrin levels were comparable to the endogenous expression observed in SCC-13 cells. Immunofluorescence localization studies revealed a uniform involucrin distribution throughout the cytoplasm in each cell type. Elevation of intracellular calcium resulted in cross-linking of involucrin in both CHO cells and rat keratinocytes, a process that was inhibited by EDTA and cystamine. In contrast, no cross-linking was observed in PtK2 cells or long-term passaged rat keratinocytes. Transglutaminase assays showed that rat keratinocytes contain predominantly a particulate (type I) form, whereas CHO cells contain only soluble TG (type II). PtK2 cells and long-term passaged keratinocytes, which were unable to cross-link involucrin, contained barely detectable TG activity. These results indicate 1) that involucrin is an efficient in situ substrate for both type I and type II transglutaminase and 2) that involucrin cross-linking is strictly TG dependent.