cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Knocking down nucleolin expression in gliomas inhibits tumor growth and induces cell cycle arrest

Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein whose expression often correlates with increased cellular proliferation. While the expression of nucleolin is often elevated in numerous cancers, its expression in normal human brain and in astrocytomas has not been previously reported. Using paraffin-embedded sections from normal adult autopsy specimens and glioma resection specimens, we demonstrate that nucleolin expression is limited in the normal human brain specifically to mature neurons, ependymal cells, and granular cells of the dentate gyrus. While astrocytes in the normal human brain do not express nucleolin at significant levels, glioblastoma cell lines and primary human astrocytoma cells exhibit considerable nucleolin expression. Reduction of nucleolin expression through siRNA-mediated knockdown in the U87MG glioblastoma cell line caused a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest in vitro. Moreover, conditional siRNA knockdown of nucleolin expression in U87MG intracranial xenografts in nude mice caused dramatic reduction in tumor size. Taken together, these results implicate nucleolin in the regulation of human astrocytoma proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo and suggest that nucleolin may represent a potential novel therapeutic target for astrocytomas.
Management of Distal Traumatic Median Nerve Painful Neuromas and of Recurrent Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Hypothenar Fat Pad Flap

The hypothenar fat pad flap receives segmental blood supply from the ulnar artery in Guyon's canal. It is easy to elevate and mobilize and can provide protective covering and a gliding surface for the median nerve during secondary nerve surgery in the distal forearm and carpal tunnel. It is locally available and can be used without making additional surgical incisions.
Treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis with cycloserine and isoniazid: a preliminary report.

Results of combined therapy with cycloserine, 0.5 gm., and isoniazed, 300 mgs. daily, in the first 12 cases treated have been generally unfavorable. In cases that respond favorably it appears that the bacteriological and radiological response is slower than with combinations of streptomycin, aminosalicylic acid and isoniazid. Failure of cycloserine to delay the emergence of isoniazid resistant organisms was noted in three of these cases.
Modulation of Bacterial Pathogenesis by Oppressive Aging Factors: Insights into Host-Pneumococcal Interaction Strategies

Streptococcus pneumonia, (Spn, the pneumococcus), is the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is responsible for 15–40% deaths in the elderly worldwide. A primed inflammatory status is a significant risk factor for the increased severity of infectious diseases among the elderly (≥65 years of age). Studies have shown that expression of host receptors that the pneumococci bind to invade the tissues are increased thereby increasing the susceptibility to pneumococcal challenge in aged mice. Cellular senescence, an age-related phenomenon that leads to cell cycle arrest may also contribute to increased inflammation in aged mice. Evidence of cellular senescence in aged lungs of humans and mice adds credits to the concept of inflammaging and enhanced bacterial ligands expression during aging. Furthermore, cell senescence has been shown to occur in age-associated lung pathologies such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that may predispose the elderly to pathogenic assaults, including S. pneumoniae. This review highlights the aspects of: chronic inflammation in the aged population; contribution of cellular senescence to age-associated inflammation and their impact on host receptor expression; and, increased susceptibility of fibrosis and emphysematous lesions-bearing lungs to microbial infections.
Routines Revisited: Exploring the Capabilities and Practice Perspectives

Organizational routines, repetitive patterns of interdependent organizational actions, have been investigated through the lens of capabilities, rooted in organizational economics, and the lens of practice, grounded in organization theory. The former approach emphasizes the “what” or “why,” while the latter emphasizes the “how.” In this review, we summarize both of these literatures and explore recent empirical studies in each stream, identifying common themes. In particular, we compare and contrast how each perspective incorporates the effects of individual actors, tacit knowledge, ambidexterity, and context specificity. We find that the two streams of work have distinct trajectories and strengths, but elements of each can be complementary to developing a more holistic understanding of organizational routines.
On a test of homogeneity for samples from a negative binomial distribution

An exact test is proposed for the equality of probabilities of an event in a series of independent trials, each drawn from a negative binomial distribution with a specified number of successes. The power function of this conditional test is also derived, as well as an approximate test for homogeneity.
Very high energy neutrinos

We discuss possible signals for very high energy neutrinos and the astrophysics and particle physics phenomena that can be probed by measuring such signals.
Fatigue damage in titanium-graphite hybrid laminates

Hybrid laminates could become an enabling technology for future high-temperature, low mass fraction aerospace vehicles. However, since they are a relatively new material technology, the key damage modes need to be characterized in order to guide material development and structural design. In this paper, results are presented for high temperature, tension-compression fatigue tests performed on TiGr laminates containing open holes. Fatigue life data was collected for specimens at several percentages of open hole tension strength. The key damage modes were identified as 0° ply splitting, facesheet cracking and facesheet delamination. Comparison between the splits in TiGr and similar splitting observed in 0°/90° cross-ply PMC laminates showed that initiation in both materials was similar in extent. Delamination was identified as the dominant damage mode causing stiffness reduction. Stiffness measurements were taken during fatigue cycling and were correlated with previously developed modeling results. The model was able to capture the stiffness reduction trends for multiple applied stress levels with the use of a tuning factor.
Characterization of phenolic compounds by open-tubular liquid chromatography

Abstract Efficient separations of isomeric alkylphenols are achieved by open-tubular liquid chromatography employing a 34 m × 50 μm I.D. capillary column coated with β,β′-oxydipropionitrile. The alkylphenol compounds present in a coal-derived liquid have been separated by this method.
Multiplication and combinatorics in the Steenrod algebra

Abstract This paper is concerned with multiplication in the mod-2 Steenrod algebra, as expressed in terms of both the Milnor basis and the basis of admissible elements. Part I describes techniques for graphically representing Milnor basis elements and for interpreting combinatorially the matrices that arise in their multiplication table, and Part II provides a method for the simultaneous computation of families of Adem relations. Part III combines the techniques of Parts I and II to identify constraints on the Milnor basis elements which occur in the image under the canonical anti-automorphism of certain products.
Equilibrium existence and approximation of regular discontinuous games

Many conditions have been introduced to ensure equilibrium existence in games with discontinuous payoff functions. This paper introduces a new condition, called regularity, that is simple and easy to verify. Regularity requires that if there is a sequence of strategies converging to s* such that the players’ payoffs along the sequence converge to the best-reply payoffs at s*, then s* is an equilibrium. We show that regularity is implied both by Reny’s better-reply security and Simon and Zame’s endogenous sharing rule approach. This allows us to explore a link between these two distinct methods. Although regularity implies that the limits of \({\epsilon}\)-equilibria are equilibria, it is in general too weak for implying equilibrium existence. However, we are able to identify extra conditions that, together with regularity, are sufficient for equilibrium existence. In particular, we show how regularity allows the technique of approximating games both by payoff functions and space of strategies.
Temperature evolution of structure and bonding of formic acid and formate on fully oxidized and highly reduced CeO2(111)

Adsorption of formate on oxide surfaces plays a role in water-gas shift (WGS) and other reactions related to H2 production and CO2 utilization. CeO2 is of particular interest because its reducibility affects the redox of organic molecules. In this work, the adsorption and thermal evolution of formic acid and formate on highly ordered films of fully oxidized CeO2(111) and highly reduced CeOx(111) surfaces have been studied using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) under ultra-high vacuum conditions, and the experimental results are combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to probe the identity, symmetry, and bonding of the surface intermediates. Disordered ice, ordered α-polymorph and molecular formic acid bonded through the carbonyl are observed at low temperatures. By 250 K, desorption and deprotonation lead to formate coexisting with hydroxyl on CeO2(111), identified to be a bridging bidentate formate species that is coordinated to Ce cations in nearly C2v symmetry and interacting strongly with neighboring H. Changes in the spectra at higher temperatures are consistent with additional tilting of the formate, resulting in Cs(2) or lower symmetry. This change in bonding is caused primarily by interaction with oxygen vacancies introduced by water desorption at 300 K. On reduced CeOx, multiple low-symmetry formate states exist likewise due to interactions with oxygen vacancies. Isotopic studies demonstrate that the formyl hydrogen does not contribute to H incorporated in hydroxyl on the surface, and that both formate oxygen atoms may exchange with lattice oxygen at 400 K. The combined experimental and theoretical results thus provide important insights on the surface reaction pathways of formic acid on ceria.
Measuring complexity in reactor networks with cubic autocatalytic reactions

Systems with high steady-state multiplicity and rich dynamic behavior are difficult to investigate using conventional reductionist methods. A network of more than five reactors hosting cubic autocatalytic reactions may potentially have more than 102 steady states and many distinct dynamic regimes, all for the same parameter set. This paper discusses how the static complexity of such systems can be measured to give a holistic picture. To achieve this, stochastic simulations were performed to statistically determine the bifurcation structure of the system, and the gathered information is summarized using a measure akin to fractal dimension. With this measure, the growth of static complexity is investigated as a function of the network size.
Measurement of characteristic wavelengths in modulated microstructures by field-ion microscopy

SUMMARY A procedure to determine the characteristic wavelength of a modulated microstructure from field-ion micrographs is described. The procedure accounts for the effects of the orientation of the modulations in the specimen and the projection of the curved FIM specimen surface by correlating the measurements from the micrograph with computer simulated micrographs generated with the same orientation. The results exhibit excellent agreement with measurements determined from the spacing of sidebands in electron diffraction patterns.
NEPHROLITHIASIS IN CHILDHOOD INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

Nephrolithiasis is an infrequent complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in children. Five patients have been managed at our institution since 1978. Their mean age at stone passage was 12.2 years and mean duration of active IBD was 33 months. The majority had ulcerative colitis, passed calcium phosphate stones, and developed nephrolithiasis during an acute exacerbation of IBD. Only one patient had a previous intestinal resection; no patient had a history of urinary tract infections. We have initiated a prospective evaluation of urinary crystalloid excretion in all newly diagnosed cases of IBD. Twenty-four hour urine determinations at diagnosis in 6 patients were within the normal range for calcium (mean = 151 mg), uric acid (338 mg) and oxalate (24 mg). One month after the initiation of therapy, there was an elevation in mean urinary calcium (222 mg) and uric acid (630 mg) excretion in 4 children receiving daily prednisone and salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP). These differences were not observed in 2 patients receiving SASP alone (calcium, 142 mg; uric acid, 374 mg). The effect of prednisone on calcium excretion is well described but its role in uric acid excretion is poorly understood. Further attention must be paid to the urinary excretion of various crystalline species throughout the course of IBD to prevent the complication of nephrolithiasis.
Improving Generalization of Academic Skills: Commentary on the Special Issue

Behavior analysts have long been interested in developing and promoting the use of effective generalization strategies for behavioral interventions. Perhaps because research on academic performance has lagged behind in the field of applied behavior analysis, far less research on this topic has been conducted for academic performance problems. The purpose of this article is to comment on the six reports of experimental studies that make up this special issue. The methods investigated by the authors in this special issue are innovative and raise many intriguing questions that should fuel further research and development of strategies for improving generalized academic skills. The article concludes with thoughts about what we know as a field, and what has yet to be examined through future research.
Experimental Design: Review and Comment

We review major developments in the design of experiments, offer our thoughts on important directions for the future, and make specific recommendations for experimenters and statisticians who are students and teachers of experimental design, practitioners of experimental design, and researchers jointly exploring new frontiers. Specific topics covered are optimal design, computer-aided design, robust design, response surface design, mixture design, factorial design, block design, and designs for nonlinear models.
Spatial and temporal comparisons of double-crested cormorant diets following the establishment of alewife in Lake Champlain, USA

Abstract Increasing numbers of double-crested cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auritus ) on Lake Champlain have caused concerns related to potential impacts on the yellow perch ( Perca flavescens ) population. However, with the establishment of alewife ( Alosa pseudoharengus ) in 2003, cormorant foraging may have changed. We examined cormorant diets from four areas of Lake Champlain to assess past, current, and potential future impacts of cormorants on the changing fish community. During the breeding seasons of 2001–2002 and 2008–2009, we observed spatial and temporal differences in cormorant diets. Yellow perch dominated diet composition during 2001–2002 at Young Island (73% and 90% yearly weight totals) during all reproductive periods. Four Brothers Islands diet composition in 2002 varied according to reproductive period. In 2008 and 2009, alewife were predominant in diets at Four Brothers Islands (56% and 71%) and the South site (65% and 62%), with yellow perch comprising a high proportion of diets at Young Island (44% and 56%). Results from a MANOVA confirmed differences among sites, reproductive period, and the interaction of these factors ( P
Mapping rates associated with polygons

Suppose that geographic data under investigation are rates associated with polygons. For example, disease incidence, mortality, and census undercount data may be displayed as rates. Spatial analysis of data of this sort can be handled very naturally through Bayesian hierarchical statistical modeling, where there is a measurement process at the first level, an explanatory process at the second level, and a prior probability distribution on unknowns at the third level. In our paper, we shall feature epidemiological data, specifically disease-incidence rates, and the “polygons” referred to in the title are typically states or counties.
Mosses Associated with Coalmines and Coal Seams in Western Pennsylvania

Abstract. Forty moss taxa comprising 15 families were identified from 17 abandoned coalmines or exposed coal seams in western Pennsylvania. Aulacomnium palustre, Ceratodon purpure us, Dicranella heteromalla, and Pohlia nutans were most frequently collected. Pohlia nutans was observed in the harshest environments. Noteworthy, less frequently collected species included Barbula convoluta, B. indica, and Didymodon tophaceus.
Adaptive Fuzzy PID Control Applied in Boiler System of Power Plant

The boiler system in power plant consists mainly of a steam-water system and combustion system, which produce a high-pressure superheated steam to drive a generator in order to produce power. The steam temperature control of the boiler system is a critical operational consideration. Parameters of boiler producing process must be controlled strictly. But the boiler system has high nonlinearity, large delay, strong coupling and load disturbance. Therefore it is difficult to develop practical mathematical model of the control object using the traditional PID control. In order to realize the optimal control of steam temperature, this paper presents the adaptive fuzzy-PID control Strategy. Simulation results based on MATLAB show that the proposed strategy can largely improve the system response performance compared with the traditional PID control
Modern-day patient challenge: manage cardiac disease, accept devices, and minimize distress.

This editorial refers to ‘Poor health status and distress in cardiac patients: the role of device therapy vs. underlying heart disease’ by M. Habibovic et al ., on page 355 Chronic heart failure (CHF) patients encounter a host of challenges as they strive to prevent premature death and morbidity from CHF. Specifically, CHF patients face barriers to optimal quality of life in the form of symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, swelling, nausea, and irregular heartbeats; adherence to strict medication, drug, physical activity, and monitoring regimens; and often requirement to accommodate a device therapy. In fact, in an examination of patients with CHF, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and stage IV cancers, CHF patients had similar quality of life (QOL), worse functional status overall, worse anxiety levels, and depression levels similar to COPD patients and worse than those with stage IV cancers.1 The modern challenge of managing the threats of chronic disease to survival and quality of life can be overwhelming for patients and families. Anxiety and depression, in particular, are highly prevalent in CHF patients, with studies finding clinically significant depression in 10–60%2 of patients and clinically significant anxiety in 11–45% of patients.3 These co-morbidities undermine treatment in CHF and negatively affect survival via non-adherence.4–6 The worldwide population dynamics of the baby boomers ageing demand for greater clarity about contributions of CHF and its frequent co-morbidities to mental health and QOL outcomes. Modern multiple treatment modalities of medications and devices are welcome state-of-the-art interventions against this pressing health threat. However, daily living with CHF has a significant disease burden …
Inhibition of 3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine decarboxylase in rat striatal synaptosomes by amino acids interacting with substrate transport

Dopamine synthesis from 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine in rat striatal synaptosomes was inhibited by a number of amino acids with aromatic or large aliphatic side chains. Inhibition was not seen when aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity was measured in disrupted synaptosomes. Similarly, inhibition of dopamine synthesis from tyrosine was seen in the presence of leucine. The inhibition most likely results from interactions of the amino acids with substrate transport across the synaptosome plasma membrane, rather than directly with the catalytic enzymes. The kinetic data obtained are used to infer information about the relevant transport process; they suggest the potential importance of amino acid efflux as a regulatory step.
Online system identification using Laguerre series

An online system identification scheme is proposed based on a Fourier-Laguerre series representation of the unknown impulse response. The unknown parameters are determined using a gradient estimator. Noise effects are considered. The proposed identification scheme is applied to a system with time delay.
Educational effects of the Tools of the Mind curriculum: A randomized trial

The effectiveness of the Tools of the Mind (Tools) curriculum in improving the education of 3- and 4-year-old children was evaluated by means of a randomized trial. The Tools curriculum, based on the work of Vygotsky, focuses on the development of self-regulation at the same time as teaching literacy and mathematics skills in a way that is socially mediated by peers and teachers and with a focus on play. The control group experienced an established district-created model described as a “balanced literacy curriculum with themes.” Teachers and students were randomly assigned to either treatment or control classrooms. Children (88 Tools and 122 control) were compared on social behavior, language, and literacy growth. The Tools curriculum was found to improve classroom quality and children's executive function as indicated by lower scores on a problem behavior scale. There were indications that Tools also improved children's language development, but these effects were smaller and did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance in multi-level models or after adjustments for multiple comparisons. Our findings indicate that a developmentally appropriate curriculum with a strong emphasis on play can enhance learning and development so as to improve both the social and academic success of young children. Moreover, it is suggested that to the extent child care commonly increases behavior problems this outcome may be reversed through the use of more appropriate curricula that actually enhance self-regulation.
Has lead-in lost its punch? An analysis of primetime inheritance effects: Comparing 1992 with 2002

Recognizing the recent dramatic increase in the number of channels available to the typical American household coinciding with an equally dramatic decrease in audience ratings for the major broadcast networks, there was reason to hypothesize that, in recent years, lead-in or inheritance effects have diminished. However, an analysis of prime time ratings comparing 1992 with 2002 for ABC, CBS, NBC and Fox showed no support for this notion, suggesting that, despite the recent upheavals in the television industry, lead-in has not lost its punch. ACCESS TO FULL TEXT
Reconstruction using a pedicled upper arm fillet flap after excision of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: A case report

Reconstruction using a pedicled upper arm fillet flap after excision of a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: A case report
Outcome of Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation for Pain in Adults with Cerebral Palsy: Preliminary Findings

Chronic pain is a common secondary problem associated with cerebral palsy (CP). This pain may be due to the musculoskeletal problems that often accompany CP, including spasticity, scoliosis, and bony deformity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of biofeedback-assisted relaxation training on self-reported pain and muscle tension in 3 adults with CP using a multiple baseline design across subjects. Two of 3 participants reported decreases in their pain experiences posttreatment. Their subjective reports, however, did not correspond with physiological changes. Complications in the use of progressive relaxation exercises and EMG biofeedback equipment are described and suggestions for future research provided.
Patterns of cigar use in Clifornia in 1999

Abstract Background: Adult cigar use in California increased substantially between 1990 and 1996. Methods: Cigar smoking prevalence is from the 1990, 1996, and 1999 California Tobacco Surveys (CTS), large cross-sectional random-digit-dialed surveys designed to identify trends in tobacco use in the California population. Questions added to the 1999 CTS allowed a more detailed assessment of cigar smoking patterns. Results: Adult cigar use prevalence increased from 2.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2–2.8) in 1990 to 4.9% (95% CI=4.5–5.3) in 1996, and declined to 4.4% (95% CI=4.1–4.7) in 1999. Nearly the entire decrease was accounted for by less use in adults who had never been cigarette smokers. Among current cigar smokers in 1999, 43.3% (95% CI=37.8–48.8) had not smoked a cigar in the last month, just 16.2% (95% CI=7.9–24.5) of never cigarette smokers smoked three or more cigars in the past month, but 10.4% (95% CI=5.0–15.8) of former cigarette smokers—the group with the highest level of cigar consumption—reported daily use. Conclusions: Cigar use may have peaked in California around 1996; in 1999, the intensity of use was generally at modest levels. California’s bans on smoking in bars and restaurants may limit cigar smoking while drinking, so that the observed patterns may or may not reflect those in the rest of the United States.
An Organizational Analysis of Prison Hospice

The integration of prison hospice programs into the prison settings poses a unique organizational challenge. Generally, prisons adhere to strict functional boundaries and rigid chains of command in their operations and delivery of services. Yet hospice programs by their very nature involve interdisciplinary collaboration and coordination. Furthermore, hospice programs require the creation of more compassionate settings in which the end of life may occur, which challenges widely held beliefs that prisons must be stark and punitive and that prisoners must be treated with uniformity. Through interviews with prison hospice coordinators, this study explores the structure and operations of hospice programs, how well hospice programs are integrated within the larger prison community, and the impact that prison hospice programs have on the prison environment in general.
A New Species of Choleoeimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Meller's Chameleon, Trioceros melleri (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae)

Abstract: A captive specimen of Meller's chameleon, Trioceros melleri (Gray), originally from Tanzania and housed at the Oklahoma City Zoological Park Herpetarium, Oklahoma County, Oklahoma, was found to be passing an undescribed species of Choleoeimeria in its feces. Oocysts of Choleoeimeria steveuptoni n. sp. were cylindroidal, 38.5 × 17.8 (36–42 × 17–19) µm with a bilayered wall and a shape index (length/width) of 2.2. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent, but a fragmented polar granule was often present. Ovoidal sporocysts were composed of 2 valves joined by a suture and measured 11.3 × 9.1 (11–12 × 9–10) µm; shape index of 1.3. Stieda, sub-Stieda, and para-Stieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum consists of multiple globules dispersed along the perimeter of the sporocyst and between sporozoites. Sporozoites were elongate, 13.1 × 2.9 (12–15 × 2.6–3.2) µm with an elongate posterior refractile body. The new species represents the second coccidian documented from this lizard.
Dropouts and Dropout Programs: Implications for Special Education

With the goal of achieving a better understanding of the nature of the dropout problem for students in special education, this review focuses first on the literature related to the dropout phenomenon in general education. The issues addressed are (a) consequences of dropping out, (b) definitions of dropouts and calculations of dropout rates, (c) characteristics of general education dropouts and their schools, and (d) intervention programs directed toward general education dropouts. The review further examines the literature on students in special education who drop out of school, including (a) overall dropout rates and rates by handicapping conditions, (b) characteristics of dropouts who have received special education services, and (c) outcomes for school dropouts. The paper concludes by discussing implications for research and service programs that can address the dropout problem in special education.
Transcranial doppler monitoring and clinical decision-making after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Our objective was to examine the impact of transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) vasospasm monitoring on clinical decision-making following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The records of 50 randomly selected patients undergoing serial TCD monitoring following SAH were reviewed. Dates and results of TCDs and cerebral angiograms, the use of hypertensive hemodilution (HH) therapy, and the development of new neurological deficits were recorded. The independent effects of TCD-defined vasospasm and new neurological deficits on patient management were determined with multiple logistical regression. Results were validated in a second randomly selected, 50 patient cohort. Mild or moderate TCD-defined vasospasm developed in 76% of patients 5.8 +/- 0.5 days after SAH; 38% developed severe TCD-defined vasospasm after 7.9 +/- 0.7 days. Focal neurological deficits occurred in 50% after 5.7 +/- 0.6 days with TCD abnormalities preceding the deficit by 2.5 +/- 0.7 days in 64%. TCD-defined vasospasm or a new neurological deficit explained 60% of the variance in the use of HH therapy (P = .005). New neurological deficits increased the odds of HH therapy 33-fold (P = .004) whereas there was no independent effect of TCD-defined vasospasm. These variables explained 64% of the variance in the performance of angiography (P = .0002). An abnormal TCD did not increase the odds of angiography whereas its use increased 28-fold (P = .01) after a neurological deficit developed. These results were confirmed in an independent cohort. We concluded that TCD-defined vasospasm did not independently influence the use of HH therapy or angiography with both decisions associated with the development of new neurological deficits. As TCD-defined vasospasm preceded the neurological deficit in 64%, earlier intervention might reduce the incidence of vasospasm-related stroke in institutions with similar practice patterns.
Acoustic and Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging of Cancer

Ultrasound and combined optical and ultrasonic (photoacoustic) molecular imaging have shown great promise in the visualization and monitoring of cancer through imaging of vascular and extravascular molecular targets. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with molecularly targeted microbubbles can detect early-stage cancer through the visualization of targets expressed on the angiogenic vasculature of tumors. Ultrasonic molecular imaging can be extended to the imaging of extravascular targets through use of nanoscale, phase-change droplets and photoacoustic imaging, which provides further molecular information on cancer given by the chemical composition of tissues and by targeted nanoparticles that can interact with extravascular tissues at the receptor level. A new generation of targeted contrast agents goes beyond merely increasing imaging signal at the site of target expression but shows activatable and differential contrast depending on their interactions with the tumor microenvironment. These innovations may further improve our ability to detect and characterize tumors. In this review, recent developments in acoustic and photoacoustic molecular imaging of cancer are discussed.
Specific relationships between core beliefs and personality disorder symptoms in a non-clinical sample

The current study examined the relationship of clinically relevant core beliefs measured by the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) to personality disorder (PD) symptoms in a large non-clinical sample (N = 804). Results indicated that the 15 YSQ-SF scales added sizeable explained variance (4% to 13%) to self-reported symptoms of 12 PDs, above variance explained by gender and symptoms of other PDs. In addition, several specific core beliefs related uniquely to individual PDs after controlling for the other core beliefs. Given that core beliefs related to personality disorder symptoms in a non-clinical sample of people at the typical onset age of PDs, it is possible that such beliefs might be important to understanding the development of PDs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic Nihilism in Duchenne Cardiomyopathy: In Reply

In Reply .— The Section on Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery appreciates the comments of Dr Rein in response to the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical report “Cardiovascular Health Supervision for Individuals Affected by Duchenne or Becker Muscular Dystrophy.”1 We believe the report is not “overly nihilistic” but provides cautious optimism to a group of patients who experience significant morbidity and mortality from the cardiomyopathy associated with their disease. As stated, the report provides “recommendations for optimal cardiovascular evaluation to health care specialists caring” for those with muscular dystrophy.1 The intent of the report was to alert …
Interface crack extension at any constant speed in orthotropic or transversely isotropic bimaterials––I. General exact solutions

Abstract A semi-infinite crack along the interface of two dissimilar half-spaces extends under in-plane loading. Each half-space belongs to a class of orthotropic or transversely isotropic elastic materials, the crack can extend at any constant speed, and all six possible relations between the four body wave speeds are considered. A steady dynamic situation is treated, and exact full displacement fields derived. A key step is a factorization that produces, despite anisotropy, simple solution forms and compact crack speed-dependent functions that exhibit the Rayleigh and Stoneley speeds as roots. These roots are calculated for various representative bimaterials. Closed-form crack opening displacement gradient and interface stress fields are also derived from a general set of coupled singular integral equations. The equation eigenvalues can, depending on crack speed, be complex/imaginary conjugates, purely real, or zero. This suggests possibilities observed in other studies: oscillations and square-root singular behavior at the crack edge, non-singular behavior, singular behavior not of square-root order, and the radiation of displacement gradient discontinuities at crack speeds beyond the purely sub-sonic range. These possibilities are explored further in terms of two important special cases in Part II of this study [Int. J. Solids Struct., 39, 1183–1198].
Changes in Cooking Losses and Sensory Attributes of Angus and Holstein Beef with Increasing Carcass Weight, Marbling Score or Longissimus Ether Extract

Cooking loss and sensory attribute changes were quantified for increases in carcass weight, marbling score and intramuscular fat in rib roasts from 74 small framed Angus and 71 Holstein steers slaughtered over a wide weight range. Cooking losses increased (P < 0.005) 2.6 percentage units for each 100 kg increase in carcass weight. Marbling score explained less than 1.2% of the variation in tenderness and was positively related (P < 0.01) to flavor of roasts from Angus but not Holsteins. Carcass weight, marbling score and intramuscular fat were more related to pan juice and total losses and explained little of the variation in sensory attributes. Therefore, alternatives to traditional indicators are needed to explain variation in sensory attributes of beef from young cattle.
Influence of dense growth of Eurasian watermilfoil on lake water temperature and dissolved oxygen.

ABSTRACT Over a five year period we compared summer temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) at 10 sites within dense beds of Myriophyllum spicatum L. to an unvegetated reference site in a moderately eutrophic Wisconsin lake. Average surface temperatures in the Eurasian watermilfoil beds were significantly elevated in two of the five years, while bottom temperatures were significantly depressed each year. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in surface layers of the bed were elevated by at least 1 mg L−1 during roughly 30–40% of site-date visits, while DOs in the bottom layers were depressed on the average more than 50% of monitoring visits. Both depressed DOs and low DOs (< 3.0 mg L−1) in bottom layers were positively correlated with average annual air temperatures but were not directly related to variations in milfoil biomass. Dissolved oxygen and temperature appeared to be most severely impacted at shallow, densely vegetated sites close to shore.
Major College Basketball in the United States: Morality, Amateurism, and Hypocrisies

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A Flagella-less Mutant of Borrelia burgdorferi as a Live Attenuated Vaccine in the Murine Model of Lyme Disease

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an attenuated isolate of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, were evaluated. An isogenic pair of isolates of strain HB19 differed in the expression of flagella ; neither produced systemic infection or persisted in the skin of mice. In a comparison of intradermally administered live flagella-bearing and flagella-less cells, the flagella-less isolate was equal to or superior to the flagella-bearing wild type in eliciting growth-inhibiting antibodies and preventing infection in mice. In a comparison of live and killed flagella-less cells, immune responses to live cells were superior to those to killed cells, as assessed by ELISA, growth inhibition assay, and infectious challenge. The dose protecting 50% of mice was 10 3.8 and 10 5.2 for live and killed cells, respectively (P <.05).
PREACHING TO THE CLERGY: ANNE BRONTË'S AGNES GREY AS A TREATISE ON SERMON STYLE AND DELIVERY

WHILE MUCH OF THE CRITICAL DISCUSSION of Anne Bronte's Agnes Grey (1847) characterizes the novel as simplistic, conventional, and conservative, it is, in fact, intellectual, controversial, and highly original. In particular, Bronte challenges traditional Christian assumptions as she enters into debates which were seen to be reserved for the clergy alone. One of the novel's challenges to institutional Christianity centers around sermons. The formation of her novel as an exemplary sermon represents her entrance into an exclusively male genre of the time – theological treatises and handbooks on sermon style. As she wrote the novel, no major Christian institution in England allowed women to preach.There are a few minor exceptions. For example, some Primitive Methodist women preached throughout the nineteenth century (Chadwick 379). Women acted as ministers and preachers in the Society of Friends as early as the 1830s if not before (Chadwick 1: 422–23), and, largely because of the efforts of Catherine Booth, the Salvation Army allowed women to be ministers and to preach (Helsinger, Lauterbach, and Veeder 2: 180–83), although this occurred after Bronte's death. There was virtually no support within Christian institutions for women to enter into what John Ruskin, in “Of Queen's Gardens,” called that “one dangerous science for women,” theology (143). Thus, Bronte's decision to publicly state her opinions on preaching contravenes the parameters for a woman established and upheld by Christian institutions of her day.
Friendship Values and Cross-Category Friendships: Understanding Adult Friendship Patterns Across Gender, Sexual Orientation and Race

The present research used an intersectional analysis in examining whether women and men who have, versus do not have, cross-category friendships differ in what they value as important in a close friendship. Parallel analyses were conducted to examine cross-orientation and cross-race friendships across gender and identity status (minority and majority), with age as a covariate for all analyses. Participants were 1415 adult women and men, ranging in age from 18-80, residing in the United States, who completed a friendship profile questionnaire by reporting basic demographic information about themselves and their close friends. Participants’ importance ratings of six different friendship values were utilized to interrogate existing friendship patterns. Three general friendship values (trust and honesty, respect friend as person, there when needed) and three cross-identity salient friendship values (similar lives & experiences, similar values, nonjudgmental) were considered. Individuals with and without cross-category friendships did not significantly differ in their ratings for any of the three general friendship values. Individuals with cross-orientation and cross-race friendships placed less importance on similar lives & experiences than those with no such friendships. Other cross-identity salient friendship values were uniquely related to cross-orientation and cross-race friendship patterns. Although women rated all six friendship values as more important than did men, women and men displayed similar friendship value patterns across cross-category friendships and identity. These findings are discussed in the context of feminist intersectional theory.
Effects of Organizational Innovations in AIDS Care on Burnout among Urban Hospital Nurses

Data from a survey of more than 800 nurses who care for AIDS patients revealed that the organizational form of the unit and hospital in which care was provided significantly affected the likelihood of nurses reporting that they were emotionally exhausted. Nurses who worked in dedicated or specialized AIDS units, or in “magnet” hospitals known to possess organizational characteristics attractive to nurses, exhibited lower levels of emotional exhaustion than did nurses who cared for AIDS patients in general, scattered-bed medical units. These differences persisted after nurse characteristics were statistically controlled, but they were accounted for in part by controlling for the amount of organizational support that nurses perceived was present in their workplaces.
Detection of nodular pulmonary amyloid by PET positive scan—Deception for lung cancer

Amyloidosis results from proteins being deposited as insoluble β-pleated sheets and disrupting organ function. Each precursor protein induces a separate spectrum of organ involvement, and different disease manifestations within the lung. Although autopsy findings often demonstrate amyloid deposits in various compartments of the lung, few are manifested pathologically. Amyloid lung nodules with positron emission tomography (PET) uptake are rare. We describe a rare case where PET uptake was detected in a pulmonary amyloid nodule. To our knowledge there are six previously reported cases in the English literature. This review also focuses on amyloid derived from immunoglobulin light-chain protein (AL disease), which most frequently involves the lung in both systemic and localized forms of the disease. Manifestations of AL-related lung disease range from nodules identified on incidental chest films to diffuse alveolar and septal deposition mimicking malignancy and or diffuse alveolar damage.
Localization of the ABCG2 mitoxantrone resistance-associated protein in normal tissues

Abstract Reduced drug accumulation due to overexpression of individual members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of membrane transporters has been investigated as a cause of multidrug resistance and treatment failure in oncology. This study was designed to develop an immunohistochemical assay to determine the expression and localization of the 72 kDa ABC half-transporter ABCG2 in normal tissues. Formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded archival tissue from 31 distinct normal tissues with an average of eight separate tissue samples of each were immunostained with rabbit-anti-ABCG2 antibody 405 using a modified avidin–biotin procedure. As a negative control, each sample was also stained with antibody pre-adsorbed with peptide to assess background staining. As a means of verification, selected tissues were also stained with the commercially available monoclonal antibody 5D3. ABCG2 positivity was consistently found in alveolar pneumocytes, sebaceous glands, transitional epithelium of bladder, interstitial cells of testes, prostate epithelium, endocervical cells of uterus, squamous epithelium of cervix, small and large intestinal mucosa/epithelial cells, islet and acinar cells of pancreas, zona reticularis layer of adrenal gland, kidney cortical tubules and hepatocytes. Placental syncytiotrophoblasts showed both cytoplasmic and surface staining. Our results support a hypothesis concluding that ABCG2 plays a role in the protection of organs from cytotoxins. However, many of the cell types expressing ABCG2 have a significant secretory function. These data suggest a dual function for ABCG2 in some tissues: the excretion of toxins and xenobiotics including anti-cancer agents and a potential, as-yet undefined role in the secretion of endogenous substrates.
The sacred calling of intellectual labor in mystic and ascetic Durkheimianism

Chez Durkheim, le rapport au sacre est inseparable d'une quete personnelle de signification poursuivie dans le travail intellectuel. En mettant en perspective les positions de Durkheim, Mauss, Hubert et Herz sur ces questions, on decouvre qu'il y a deux pensees du sacre chez Durkheim et deux facons d'etre un intellectuel durkheimien. Les categories weberiennes et l'experience religieuse qui opposent le mystique a l'ascetique peuvent aider a repenser la signification de la theorie durkheimienne
Improving data locality for irregular partitioned global address space parallel programs

This paper describes a technique for improving the data reference locality of parallel programs using the Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) model of computation. One of the principal challenges in writing PGAS parallel applications is maximizing communication efficiency. This work describes an on-line technique based on run-time data reference profiling to organize fine-grained data elements into locality-aware blocks suitable for coarse-grained communication. This technique is applicable to parallel applications with large, irregular, pointer-based applications. The described system can perform automatic data relayout using the locality-aware mapping with either iterative (timestep) based applications or as a collective data relayout operation. An empirical evaluation of the approach shows that the technique is useful in increasing data reference locality and improves performance by 10-17% on the SPLASH-2 Barnes-Hut tree benchmark.
Holographic walking technicolor and stability of techni-branes

Techni-fermions are added as stacks of D7–D7¯ techni-branes within the framework of a holographic technicolor model that has been proposed as a realization of walking technicolor. The stability of the embedding of these branes is determined. When a sufficiently low bulk cut-off is provided the fluctuations remain small. For a longer walking region, as would be required in any realistic model of electroweak symmetry breaking, a larger bulk cut-off is needed and in this case the oscillations destabilize.