cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Frontiers in the Study of Color-blind Racism A Materialist Approach

It is well established that the dominant ideological framework for discussing race in the contemporary United States is that of color blindness—that is, the notion that racial inequality is best understood as deriving from individual or cultural traits as opposed to systemic racism. This ideology permeates institutions and interpersonal interactions, thus upholding racial inequality. Although identifying this framework has been a crucial project for the study of contemporary racism, the scholarship has become stagnant, most often identifying the presence of the ideology or its central discursive frames without offering other important insights. It is time to return to our materialist roots in the discipline, recentering our studies of contemporary racism on the ways that individuals embedded in complex social relations make sense of race and racism beyond mere frame identification. Doing so will raise and begin to answer important questions about the complexity of modern racism and how we might best be ab...
Fixing the Match: A Survey of Resident Behaviors

BACKGROUND The authors studied residency applicant attitudes toward rank list creation, communication with programs, and the impact of these factors on their performance in the Match. METHODS An anonymous, 26-question, multiple-choice, online survey was distributed to the program coordinators of every Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited program participating in the National Resident Matching Program for whom e-mail addresses were available. The survey addressed five areas: (1) demographics and interview characteristics, (2) preinterview and interview factors, (3) postinterview contact, (4) importance of various factors in rank list creation, and (5) Match outcome. Survey responses were analyzed with Microsoft Excel. RESULTS A total of 1179 responses were received. It was not possible to calculate a response rate, because the number of residents receiving the survey was not known. The majority of respondents (78 percent) reported postinterview contact with a program. A large portion of respondents (42 percent) considered such contact to be important in the creation of their rank lists. Half of all respondents admitted to exaggerating their interest in a program during or after an interview. The majority of respondents (87.5 percent) received no assistance in covering the costs of "second-look" visits to programs. CONCLUSIONS Applicants may be modifying their rank lists in response to post-interview contact from programs; furthermore, they usually have no assistance in paying for the cost of second looks. To level the playing field for students and programs alike, the authors propose that the National Resident Matching Program modify residency interview rules to (1) disallow any postinterview contact between programs and students, and (2) disallow second looks.
Thermal Properties and Ionic Conductivities of Confined LiBF4 Dimethyl Carbonate Solutions

Solutions of lithium tetrafluoroborate dissolved in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) are confined within MCM-41, a mesoporous silica matrix. Thermal measurements indicate that the melting points of pure DMC and the DMC solutions are significantly reduced when confined within the pores of MCM-41 compared to unconfined samples; this is an observation that is consistent with the Gibbs–Thomson equation. The melting point onsets of confined solutions are slightly lower than that of pure DMC, suggesting the dissolved salts impact the phase-transition temperature of DMC when confined within mesoporous silica. Rotational dynamics of the confined solutions are explored by doping DMC with small quantities of Tempone, an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-active spin probe. Tempone rotational correlation times are an order of magnitude slower for confined liquids compared to unconfined solutions. Temperature-dependent conductivity measurements of the composite materials suggest that the liquid electrolyte solution is dis...
Purification of neonatal rat pancreatic monolayer cultures for endocrine cells.

SummaryThe use of either D-valine-sub-stituted medium or BUdR treatment have been shown to be effective in reducing fibro-blastoid cell proliferation in pancreatic monolayer cell cultures established from neonatal rats. Maintenance of these cultures in D-valine medium appeared to completely curtail further culture growth, but this was apparently accompanied by a loss of both A and B cells as evidenced by a fall in both glucagon and insulin release. A single 24-hr treatment of cultures with BUdR was just as effective in curtailing fibroblastoid cell growth, but within a few days following such treatment, fibroblast proliferation resumed, although the number of fibroblasts remained reduced compared to control cultures. On the other hand, with BUdR treatment continued loss of A and B cells apparently did not occur.I am grateful for the excellent technical assistance of Ms. Jeanette Teague in the performance of these studies, and the expert preparation of this manuscript by Ms. Sharon Kemp.
International Covenant as Bond: On Federalism and Congress's Ability to Promote National Interests Via the Treaty Power

In Missouri v. Holland, the Court held that Congress can reach matters via the treaty power that would otherwise have been beyond its powers. In United States v. Bond, the Court had an opportunity to delimit the treaty power. However, as Bond illustrates, it is no easy task to cabin that power in a coherent way that would not significantly undermine the nation’s ability to achieve important goals, and the Court wisely resisted the temptation to promote federalism, which would have been inconsistent with the prevailing jurisprudence and potentially harmful to the nation as a whole.
Exploring the Role of Executive Functioning Measures for Social Competence Research

Numerous research groups have consistently called for increased rigor within the evaluation of social programming to better understand pivotal factors to treatment outcomes. The underwhelming data on the essential features of social competence programs for students with behavior challenges may, in part, be attributed to the manner by which available measures are accessed within applied research. The growing literature highlighting the bidirectionality of executive functioning (EF) and social competence supports a comprehensive evaluation of EF within intervention outcomes. Existing data from a suite of four informant and performance measures frequented within EF literature were evaluated as a case example of the contribution of EF in relation to the impact of the Social Competence Intervention for Adolescents (SCI-A) curriculum on social competence. Analyses explored a more “child-world” approach to EF assessment within a context of general social competence gains. Key findings highlight students’ improve...
Research on Selection of Superior Tree of Betula alnoides by Dominant Contrast Method and Estimation of the Corresponding Gain

Using 11-year-old artificial Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.Ex.D.Don forest as research material,the back spread estimation equation for selection of superior B.alnoides tree was established by the method of superior tree back spread and fine degrees correlation analysis.The correlation between the superiority degree of dominant contrast and the estimation of genetic gain was also discussed.The equations for estimation of the timber volume back spread of the superior B.alnoides tree was Uv=1.977+0.043 KD,r=0.729,which was significant.According to the data of 21 candidate superior trees and 105 dominant trees,the average relative error was less than 10%,thus could be used in practice.A three dimension conversion table of superior tree back spread,selection ratio and selection strength was established,in which minimum of the superiority degree was determined as 5%,the selection rare was 4.0% and the genetic gain was 10.136%;While the maximum of the superiority degree was determined as 20%,the selection rare was 0.5% and the genetic gain was 12.485%.
Overview of Deformities

Overview of Deformities outlines: founders of the field of pediatric orthopedics describing the major musculoskeletal deformities of the developing child; 34 basic principles regarding pediatric orthopedic deformity; descriptive terminology for bone and joint deformities; correction of deformities by spontaneous, non-operative and operative means with an overview of each of the clinical methods and techniques used; a detailed molecular and histologic description of biologic tissue repair mechanisms for direct, primary, and endochondral cortical bone repair, metaphyseal cancellous bone repair, articular cartilage (full and partial thickness) repair, and physeal cartilage repair; and derangements of the repair process. Tendon, muscle and peripheral nerve are discussed regarding structure, injury and repair mechanisms.
Medical Student Participation in Family Medicine Department Extracurricular Experiences and Choosing to Become a Family Physician.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Many factors influence a medical student's decision to choose a family medicine career. The impact of participation in extracurricular programs sponsored by family medicine departments is currently unclear. Medical student participation in four University of Washington Department of Family Medicine-sponsored programs (Community Health Advancement Program, Family Medicine Interest Group, Rural Underserved Opportunity Program, and the Underserved Pathway) could be associated with becoming a family physician. METHODS Demographic data, results from a matriculation career interest survey, records indicating participation in the four extracurricular programs, and Match lists showing the specialty of each graduate were linked. Based on responses to the matriculation survey, graduates were categorized into four levels of initial family medicine interest. Chi-square tests compared both demographic data with initial family medicine interest levels and initial family medicine interest levels with program participation. For residency-matched graduates, odds ratios of matching to family medicine versus other specialties for specific family medicine programs and number of programs were calculated, controlling for demographic variables and initial family medicine interest levels. RESULTS Older age, female graduates, a rural upbringing, and high level of initial family medicine interest were independently and significantly associated with choosing family medicine. Participation in the Family Medicine Interest Group (OR 2.45) and the Underserved Pathway (OR 4.37) and two or more family medicine programs (OR 2.01--2.22) was significantly associated with entering family medicine. CONCLUSIONS Certain demographic factors and high initial interest in family medicine is associated with entering the specialty. Some, but not all, family medicine department-sponsored extracurricular programs were associated with choosing family medicine.
Combating the Sigatoka Disease Complex on Banana.

Banana is the fourth most important staple food in the world, behind rice, wheat, and maize, with more than 100 million tons produced annually [1]. Although the majority of bananas produced are consumed locally, banana export is a multi-billion–dollar business [2]. Bananas are grown in more than 100 countries worldwide, largely in developing countries in tropical regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America [1].
Accepting deviant identities: the impact of self-labeling on intentions to desist from crime*

Although the effects of official labeling on delinquency have been explored extensively in past research, the way in which offenders apply labels to themselves, and the impact such labeling has on ...
Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics in Esophago-gastric Cancer

Esophageal and gastric cancers are the eighth and fourth most common cancers worldwide, respectively. Because of their often-aggressive clinical courses and high fatality rates, they represent the sixth and second most common causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The diagnosis of these malignancies is mainly established by their clinical presentation, combined with biopsy and subsequent histologic analysis of hematoxylin-eosin-stained tissue sections. Recently, however, molecular studies have become increasingly important in establishing a diagnosis and prognosis and guiding the clinical management of these malignancies. For some subtypes of these malignancies, such as hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, molecular diagnostics is central in establishing a diagnosis and in determining appropriate clinical management. Here, we review current methods and recommendations for molecular-genetic testing for esophageal and gastric cancers and briefly discuss future possible applications of this technology to these malignancies.
Nutritional Genomics: The Wave of the Future for Nutrition and Dietetics

Nutritional genetics and genomics are of interest to health practitioners, physicians, nutrition scientists, dietitians, and nutritionists. Connected to lifestyle medicine, these emerging disciplines are part of a pioneering effort to integrate diverse fields and strengthen the evidence to lower disease risk and promote health for children and adults. Sparked by the mapping of the Human Genome in 2003, the potential of genetics and genomics to personalize and predict nutritional needs and dietary requirements is promising, yet progress is still in its formative stages. The public at large is interested in uncovering definitive predictions of health and disease risk based on genetic profiles. Knowing more about genes, genotypes, and phenotypes may help individuals target their own health and disease trajectories. Moreover, increased information and excitement about disease susceptibility by consumers may help them pursue healthier lifestyles.
“Baba Has Come to Civilize Us”: Developmental Idealism and Framing the Strict Demands of the Brahma Kumaris

This article extends and complicates the theory that “strict churches are strong” based on the strict demands that were followed and not followed by the Brahma Kumaris in Nepal. To be successful, strict religious groups must not only be strict, but also frame their strictness in ways that resonate with the everyday experiences and commonly held beliefs of their members. Nepali women involved with the Brahma Kumaris tend to accept and follow the group's demands when those demands have been framed as modern, and that framing is resonant with the prevailing definitions of modernity offered by Western development agencies. When the modern framing is not resonant, as with the case of framing celibacy as “spiritual birth control,” the strict demand is not followed, and the frame itself is rejected in favor of the practice being defined in different terms.
Realism and Underdetermination

Professor Burian’s strategy is roughly to assume the indeterminacy of translation and argue that it is incompatible with what he calls “Peircean realism” as represented particularly in the philosophy of Wilfrid Sellars. In considering whether he is right in thinking the two theses incompatible, one has to place the indeterminacy thesis in a larger setting. I shall begin by presenting an argument that would suggest that Burian’s main thesis may not be very interesting.
Approach to Hypertriglyceridemia in the Pediatric Population

Hypertriglyceridemia is increasingly identified in children and adolescents, owing to improved screening and higher prevalence of childhood obesity. Hypertriglyceridemia can result from either increased triglyceride (TG) production or reduced TG clearance. The etiologic origin can be primary (genetic) or secondary, but it is often multifactorial. Management is challenging because of the interplay of genetic and secondary causes and lack of evidence-based guidelines. Lifestyle changes and dietary interventions are most important, especially in hypertriglyceridemia associated with obesity. Dietary restriction of fat remains the mainstay of management in primary hypertriglyceridemia. When fasting TG concentration is increased above 500 mg/dL (5.65 mmol/L), fibrates may be used to prevent pancreatitis. Omega-3 fatty acids are often used as an adjunctive therapy. When the fasting TG concentration is less than 500 mg/dL (5.65 mmol/L) and if the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is above 145 mg/dL (3.76 mmol/L), statin treatment can be considered.
Resilience and transition to practice in Direct Entry nursing graduates

Resilience may be one factor that influences new graduates transition to practice. This pilot study looked at one cohort of Direct Entry Accelerated Master's in Nursing graduates and compared the relationship over time between their transition to practice experience and their resiliency. Seventeen of 21 graduates participated in surveys at graduation and then three, six and 12 months post-graduation. The survey consisted of four parts: Demographics, Educational/Professional Satisfaction Scale (2016), the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Scale (2004), and the Wagnild & Young Resiliency Scale (1993). The results indicated that professional satisfaction fluctuates during the first year of practice. At 12 months post-graduation only 57% of the respondents felt their education prepared them for the reality of nursing practice. Resilience at 12 months post-graduation accounts for 79% of the variance in the Casey Fink scores at 12 months. Interventions to improve resilience in new nursing graduates may be one way to positively impact transition to practice.
Compact Fast-Waking Light/Heat-Harvesting 0.18- $\mu\text{m}$ CMOS Switched-Inductor Charger

Although microsystems can nowadays consume microwatts, onboard batteries can be so small and leaky that sustaining microwatts for months or years without recharge cycles can be virtually impossible. Tiny photovoltaic cells and thermoelectric generators can help, but only when light or heat is available, and only to the extent that light intensity and thermal gradients allow. This is why energy-harvesting microsystems idle and shut down often and fast-wakeup provisions are important. The 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS charger proposed here is 8.31% more efficient during wakeup than the smallest reported and 7.69% more efficient than the next best, but without a 1:60 off-chip transformer and without vibration energy. Although 3.27% less efficient than the most efficient, the system here uses three fewer off-chip inductors. And after waking, the system is 5% to 46% more efficient than the others. The key innovations are low-power management and design. The system in essence charges a 200-pF capacitor with just enough energy to transfer two energy packets per cycle: one to charge a 1.8- $\mu \text{F}$ battery and the other to replenish the 200 pF. This way, and with 100 nF across the source, the system charges a fully depleted 1.8- $\mu \text{F}$ battery to 0.9 V in 45 ms and draws in steady state 98.8%–99.7% of available input power to deliver 76%–86% of the 40–150 $\mu \text{W}$ drawn.
Educating Next-Gen Computer Scientists

Six panelists (Phillip A. Laplante, Michael Lewis, Keith Miller, Jeff Offutt, Jon George Rokne, and Shiuhpyng Shieh) debate whether university computer science education is leading technology forward, or commercial technology demands are leaving these programs in the dust.
Baseline effects of lysophosphatidylcholine and nerve growth factor in a rat model of sciatic nerve regeneration after crush injury.

Schwann cells play a major role in helping heal injured nerves. They help clear debris, produce neurotrophins, upregulate neurotrophin receptors, and form bands of Bungner to guide the healing nerve. But nerves do not always produce enough neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors to repair themselves. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is an important neurotrophin for promoting nerve healing and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been shown to stimulate NGF receptors (NGFR). This study tested the administration of a single intraneural injection of LPC (1 mg/mL for single LPC injection and 10 mg/mL for multiple LPC injections) at day 0 and one (day 7), two (days 5 and 7), or three (days 5, 7, and 9) injections of NGF (160 ng/mL for single injections and 80 ng/mL for multiple injections) to determine baseline effects on crushed sciatic nerves in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF. The healing of the nerves was measured weekly by monitoring gait; electrophysiological parameters: compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitudes; and morphological parameters: total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, fiber packing, and mean g-ratio values at weeks 3 and 6. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups statistically differed from the control group for all six weeks for the electrophysiological parameters but only differed from the control group at week 3 for the morphological parameters. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups did not differ from each other over the course of the study. Single injections of LPC and NGF one week apart or multiple treatments of NGF at 5, 7 and 9 days post-injury did not alter the healing rate of the sciatic nerves during weeks 1-6 of the study. These findings are important to define the baseline effects of NGF and LPC injections, as part of a larger effort to determine the minimal dose regimen of NGF to regenerate peripheral nerves.
Thomas Hardy the Cosmic Ironist

Suppose we were allowed for once a clearer glance into the kingdom of the possible, and over the whole chain of causes and effects; if the earth-spirit appeared and showed us in a picture all the greatest men, enlighteners of the world, and heroes, that chance destroyed before they were ripe for their work; then the great events that would have changed the history of the world and brought in periods of the highest culture and enlightenment, but which the blindest chance, the most insignificant accident hindered at the outset; lastly, the splendid powers of great men, that would have enriched whole ages of the world, but which, either misled by error or passion, or compelled by necessity, they squandered uselessly on unworthy or unfruitful objects, or even wasted in play. If we saw all this, we would shudder and lament at the thought of the lost treasures of whole periods of the world. But the earth-spirit would smile and say, “The source from which the individuals and their powers proceed is inexhaustible and unending as time and space; for, like these forms of all phenomena, they also are only phenomena, visibility of the will. No finite measure can exhaust that infinite source; therefore an undiminished eternity is always open for the future for the return of any event or work that was nipped in the bud. In this world of phenomena true loss is just as little possible as true gain. The will alone is....”1
Electro-Thermal Transient Performance Assessment of SiC Based Distributed Generation Inverters when Governed by Virtual Synchronous Machine Control or Conventional dq Control

With increasing converter-interfaced distributed generation (DG) on the grid there is a reduction of inertia conventionally safeguarded by the inertial dynamics inherent to synchronous machines (SM). Resulting frequency instability can be mitigated by an increasingly popular means of DG inverter control known as virtual synchronous machine (VSM) or synchronverter control where the dynamics of SMs are mimicked by inverter control. Notably, advanced DG inverter functions can come with detrimental impact upon the reliability of the system. This work assesses the impact of VSM upon the reliability by use of electro-thermal device models of a SiC power MOSFET and provides insight for power electronics system reliability evaluation. All modeling is performed in ANSYS Simplorer.
Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Attenuates Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation During Pregnancy

Maternal obesity is associated with adverse offspring outcomes. Inflammation and deficiency of anti-inflammatory nutrients like omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may contribute to these associations. Fetal supply of n-3 PUFA is dependent on maternal levels and studies have suggested that improved offspring outcomes are associated with higher maternal intake. However, little is known about how maternal obesity affects the response to n-3 supplementation during pregnancy. We sought to determine (1) the associations of obesity with PUFA concentrations and (2) if the systemic response to n-3 supplementation differs by body mass index (BMI). This was a secondary analysis of 556 participants (46% lean, 28% obese) in the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network trial of n-3 (Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) + Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)) supplementation, in which participants had 2g/day of n-3 (n = 278) or placebo (n = 278) from 19 to 22 weeks until delivery. At baseline, obese women had higher plasma n-6 arachidonic acid concentrations (β: 0.96% total fatty acids; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.13, 1.79) and n-6/n-3 ratio (β: 0.26 unit; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.48) compared to lean women. In the adjusted analysis, women in all BMI groups had higher n-3 concentrations following supplementation, although obese women had attenuated changes (β = −2.04%, CI: −3.19, −0.90, interaction p = 0.000) compared to lean women, resulting in a 50% difference in the effect size. Similarly, obese women also had an attenuated reduction (β = 0.94 units, CI: 0.40, 1.47, interaction p = 0.046) in the n-6/n-3 ratio (marker of inflammatory status), which was 65% lower compared to lean women. Obesity is associated with higher inflammation and with an attenuated response to n-3 supplementation in pregnancy.
Abstract P230: Food Insecurity is Associated With Hypertension in Children and Adolescents Independent of Obesity

Background: Food insecurity (FI), the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods, affects 40 million Americans and is an under-recognized contributor to health disparities, e...
Incomplete influenza A virus genomes are abundant but readily complemented during spatially structured viral spread

Abstract Viral genomes comprising multiple distinct RNA segments can undergo genetic exchange through reassortment, a process that facilitates viral evolution and can have major epidemiological consequences. Segmentation also allows the replication of incomplete viral genomes (IVGs), however, and evidence suggests that IVGs occur frequently for influenza A viruses. Here we quantified the frequency of IVGs using a novel single cell assay and then examined their implications for viral fitness. We found that each segment of influenza A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) virus has only a 58% probability of being present in a cell infected with a single virion. These observed frequencies accurately account for the abundant reassortment seen in co-infection, and suggest that an average of 3.7 particles are required for replication of a full viral genome in a cell. This dependence on multiple infection is predicted to decrease infectivity and to slow viral propagation in a well-mixed system. Importantly, however, modeling of spatially structured viral growth predicted that the need for complementation is met more readily when secondary spread occurs locally. This expectation was supported by experimental infections in which the level spatial structure was manipulated. Furthermore, a virus engineered to be entirely dependent on co-infection to replicate in vivo was found to grow robustly in guinea pigs, suggesting that coinfection is sufficiently common in vivo to support propagation of IVGs. The infectivity of this mutant virus was, however, reduced 815-fold relative wild-type and the mutant virus did not transmit to contacts. Thus, while incomplete genomes augment reassortment and contribute to within-host spread, the existence of rare complete IAV genomes may be critical for transmission to new hosts.
Program for Behavioral and Learning Disorders in Children

The psychologist in a medical setting has unique training and skills that can be invaluable to the physician in the overall medical management of patients. Children hospitalized for a variety of medical problems such as renal disorders, cardiac problems, severe asthma or diabetes, seizures, or other chronic handicapping conditions often require the services of a psychologist because of learning problems or possible accompanying biosocial problems. Within pediatric outpatient clinics, a large percentage of children are referred and evaluated because of learning-and behavior-related disorders. The referral is often made to the medical setting by school personnel or other agencies for evaluation and the distinguishing of organic from nonorganic contributions to the disorder. It is recognized that early intervention in both learning and behavior problems can do much to alleviate and prevent more serious disorders at a later date. Recognizing that the totality of treatment of the patient and the disease must focus on both the mind and the body, a growing number of medical centers are adding behavioral or pediatric psychologists to their staffs. Early behavioral pediatrics focused on “biosocial development and learning difficulties of children and adolescents” (Russo & Varni, 1982, p. 14), but in recent years, the field has broadened and has become much more comprehensive. With the advances in medicine and technology, we know that children are surviving conditions that, earlier, they might not have survived. Often, however, there are cognitive deficits or behavioral sequalae later in their young lives.
Detrimental impact of symptom-detected colorectal cancer.

The incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) have been steadily decreasing, largely attributable to screening colonoscopies that either remove precancerous lesions or identify CRC earlier. We aimed to assess the prognostic difference between colorectal cancers diagnosed by screening (SC), diagnostic (DC), or surveillance (SU) colonoscopies. All 1809 surgically treated patients with primary CRC diagnosed through colonoscopy at our tertiary center (2004–2015) were extracted from a prospectively maintained database. Oncologic outcomes were compared, including multivariate Cox regression. Diagnostic patients presented with more advanced disease (15.0% vs. 53.2% (SC) and 55.3% (SU) AJCC I, P < 0.001), subsequently leading to impaired survival and higher recurrence rates (P < 0.001). After adjustment for age, ASA-score and gender, oncologic outcomes remained significantly worse after DC. Hazard ratios (HR) of overall mortality (OS) compared to DC were 0.36 for SC and 0.58 for SU (P < 0.001). Adjusted HRs of disease-free survival (DFS) were 0.43 and 0.32, respectively (P < 0.001). Worse outcomes in OS withstood adjustment for stage, tumor site and (neo)adjuvant treatment (SC: HR 0.46, P < 0.001; SU: HR 0.73, P = 0.036). The benefits of SC were particularly seen in colon cancer, stages I–II and female patients. With regard to DFS, outcomes were less profound and mainly true in early stage disease and surveillance patients. This study demonstrates the enormous impact of asymptomatic screening in CRC. Patients with CRC diagnosed through screening or surveillance had a significantly better prognosis compared to patients who presented symptomatically. This emphasizes the importance of screening.
The integrated stress response: From mechanism to disease

Protein quality control is essential for the proper function of cells and the organisms that they make up. The resulting loss of proteostasis, the processes by which the health of the cell's proteins is monitored and maintained at homeostasis, is associated with a wide range of age-related human diseases. Here, we highlight how the integrated stress response (ISR), a central signaling network that responds to proteostasis defects by tuning protein synthesis rates, impedes the formation of long-term memory. In addition, we address how dysregulated ISR signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of complex diseases, including cognitive disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. The development of tools through which the ISR can be modulated promises to uncover new avenues to diminish pathologies resulting from it for clinical benefit.
Automated measurement of eroding streambank volume from high-resolution aerial imagery and terrain analysis

Abstract Excessive sediment is an important form of surface water impairment throughout the continental United States. Numerous studies have investigated the role of upland soil erosion as a source of sediment and phosphorus, but contributions of streambank erosion are still poorly understood. Current methods such as delineation and automated channel planform morphometric models are either too time-intensive, or do not provide adequate spatial resolution to measure smaller rivers over large scales. To estimate sediment contributions from river migration on large scales, we have created the Aerial Imagery Migration Model (AIMM), a Python and ArcPy based automated channel migration model designed to estimate volumes of erosion and deposition related to channel migration. AIMM utilizes the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) to derive binary representations of river channels from aerial photography. The location of the channel is then compared between two time periods to identify zones of erosion and deposition and the volume loss related to channel migration is then calculated using a LiDAR-derived DEM. When compared to three delineations and the RivMAP model in the South Fork Iowa River watershed, AIMM was found to have a 98% agreement with RivMAP, 79% agreement with delineations, and predicted net sediment flux that was within one standard deviation of the mean prediction from the delineation analysis. Where public imagery is available, AIMM can be widely applied to estimate volumes of sediment loss in a time and cost-efficient procedure. In particular, the use of AIMM within the project-planning phase of conservation efforts could help focus resources in areas where they can have the most impact.
Reduced-Order Modeling Based on Hybrid Snapshot Simulation

This paper presents a hybrid snapshot simulation methodology to accelerate the generation of high-quality data for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and reduced-order model (ROM) development. T...
Efficient Deterministic Federated Scheduling for Parallel Real-Time Tasks

Federated scheduling is a generalization of partitioned scheduling for parallel tasks on multiprocessors, and has been shown to be a competitive scheduling approach. However, federated scheduling may waste resources due to its dedicated allocation of processors to parallel tasks. In this work we introduce a novel algorithm for scheduling parallel tasks that require more than one processor to meet their deadlines (i.e., heavy tasks). The proposed algorithm computes a deterministic schedule for each heavy task based on its internal graph structure. It efficiently exploits the processors allocated to each task and thus reduces the number of processors required by the task. Experimental evaluation shows that our new federated scheduling algorithm significantly outperforms other state-of-the-art federated-based scheduling approaches, including semi-federated scheduling and reservation-based federated scheduling, that were developed to tackle resource waste in federated scheduling, and a stretching algorithm that also uses the tasks' graph structures.
Involutive Monoidal Categories

In this chapter, we develop the involutive versions of (symmetric) monoidal categories, (commutative) monoids, monads, and algebras over a monad. In an involutive symmetric monoidal category, in addition to involutive commutative monoids, there is also a notion of a reversing involutive monoid, which incorporates the symmetry isomorphism in a way that is different from a commutative monoid. Reversing involutive monoids are important because they include complex unital ∗-algebras and their differential graded analogues as examples.
X-ray, optical, and radio observations of the blue galaxy Butcher-Oemler 6 in the 3C 295 cluster

The nature of the blue members of distant, condensed clusters of galaxies are investigated through X ray, optical, and radio observations of the brightest such object in the 3C 295 cluster. The X ray luminosity and the optical emission line spectrum show that this galaxy is a Seyfert, in contrast to the original suggestion that the blue galaxies are rapidly evolving spirals. The observations yield an X ray luminosity of 3.4 x 10 to the 44th ergs/sec (0.5-4.5 keV), strong optical emission lines of Mg II and forbidden O II at a redshift of 0.473, and an upper limit to the radio luminosity at 20 cm of 7.0 x 10 to the 24th W/Hz. Compared to other Seyfert galaxies, this object appears relatively X ray luminous, shows an average Mg II/X ray flux ratio, and is relatively weak in H-beta emission.
Sleep duration, depressive symptoms, and digital self-harm among adolescents.

Background This study examines the relationship between sleep duration, depression, and engagement in a novel cyber behavior, digital self-harm, among adolescents. Method Logistic regression analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from the 2019 Florida Youth Substance Abuse Survey (N = 9,819; 48% male; avg. grade level = 9th grade [SD = 1.9]) to analyze the association between sleep duration and digital self-harm. A Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) analysis was used to assess whether depressive symptoms attenuate this association. Results Bivariate results indicated that longer sleep duration was associated with lower incidence of digital self-harm. Multivariate results showed that sleep duration was inversely associated with engaging in digital self-harm, net of all covariates. Depressive symptoms attenuated the influence of sleep duration on digital self-harm by 50.72%. Conclusions Both insufficient sleep and depressive symptoms were associated with engagement in digital self-harm among adolescents. Prospective research is needed, however, to confirm this pathway. Practitioners and clinicians should consider discussing digital self-harm with adolescents and parents, especially if adolescents are experiencing poor sleep and depressive symptoms.
Enhanced end-of-life performance for biodegradable plastic mulch films through improving standards and addressing research gaps

Biodegradable plastic mulch films (BDMs) are employed for sustainable production of vegetables and other specialty crops, as replacements for conventional polyethylene (PE) mulches. Unlike PE mulch, BDMs are disposed through mineralization in soil or compost. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the long-term impacts of BDM incorporation on the viability of soil ecosystems is needed before BDMs will be widely adopted by farmers. This paper reviews BDM-related standards and suggests additional criteria to consider. The biodegradation process and the impact of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) derived from BDM fragments on soil health are described. Findings show that soil health is minimally impacted by BDM incorporation, but that the behavior of NMPs and BDM minor components in soil is not fully understood.
Multi-Block Nonconvex Nonsmooth Proximal ADMM: Convergence and Rates under Kurdyka-{\L}ojasiewicz Property

In this paper, we consider a multi-block generalized alternating direction method of multiplier (GADMM) algorithm for minimizing a linearly constrained separable nonconvex and possibly nonsmooth optimization problem. The GADMM generalizes the classical ADMM by including proximal terms in each primal updates and an over-relaxation parameter in the dual update. We prove that any limit point of the sequence is a critical point. By introducing a modified augmented Lagrangian we show that the sequence generated by the GADMM is bounded and the norm of the difference of consecutive terms approaches to zero. Under the powerful {KŁ} properties we show that the GADMM sequence has a finite length and converges to a stationary point, and we drive its convergence rate. Given a proper lower-semicontinuous function $f:\mathbb R^n\to\mathbb R$ and a critical point $x^*\in\mathbb R^n$, the {KŁ} property asserts that there exists a continuous concave monotonically increasing function $\psi$ such that around $x^*$ it holds $\psi'(f(x)-f(x^*))\cdot{\rm dist}(0,\partial f(x))\ge 1$ . When $\psi(s)=s^{1-\theta}$ with $\theta\in[0,1]$ this is equivalent to $|f(x)-f(x^*)|^{\theta}{\rm dist}(0,\partial f(x))^{-1}$ to remain bounded around $x^*$. We show that if $\theta=0$, the sequence generated by GADMM converges in a finite numbers of iterations. If $\theta\in(0,1/2]$, then the rate of convergence is $cQ^{k}$ where $c>0$, $Q\in(0,1)$, and $k\in\mathbb N$ is the iteration number. If $\theta\in(1/2,1]$ then the rate $\mathcal O(1/k^{r})$ where $r=(1-\theta)/(2\theta-1)$ will be achieved.
Memory wounds: hurting and healing: The past can’t heal us: the dangers of mandating memory in the name of human rights, by Lea David, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2020, 300 pp., £75.00 (hardback), ISBN 9781108495189

Memories of old discords are constantly mobilized to escalate tensions in the present. The violent conflicts in Israel/Palestine or the continuous animosities in the Balkans, where competing histor...
Because I know how it hurts: Employee bystander intervention in customer sexual harassment through empathy and its moderating factors.

Customer sexual harassment (CSH) is a persistent problem that harms worker well-being in many service industries. In turn, bystander intervention in the workplace is critical for preventing and stopping customers' inappropriate behaviors as well as mitigating the detrimental effects of such harassment on workers. However, previous research has rarely examined what can facilitate bystander employees' intervention behaviors in CSH incidents. Drawing from the empathy-prosocial behavior research and the arousal: Cost cost-reward model in social psychology literature, this research examines whether frequent observation of CSH at work is related to bystander employees' empathy toward the targets, which then positively relates to bystander intervention behaviors. This research also tests two moderating factors to determine whether empathy is more strongly associated with bystander interventions among employees who have a higher level of moral idealism and/or less reliance on customer tipping. Two online survey studies with three measurement points were conducted to test the hypotheses (i.e., n 1 = 287 service workers; n 2 = 264 service workers). The path modeling results supported the study hypotheses. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, along with limitations and a future research agenda. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
The effect of annealing temperature on the stability of gallium tin zinc oxide thin film transistors

With the growing need for large area display technology and the push for a faster and cheaper alternative to the current amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (a-IGZO) as the active channel layer for pixel-driven thin film transistors (TFTs) display applications, gallium tin zinc oxide (GSZO) has shown to be a promising candidate due to the similar electronic configuration of Sn4+ and In3+. In this work TFTs of GSZO sputtered films with only a few atomic % of Ga and Sn have been fabricated. A systematic and detailed comparison has been made of the properties of the GSZO films annealed at two temperatures: 140 ?C and 450 ?C. The electrical and optical stabilities of the respective devices have been studied to gain more insight into the degradation mechanism and are correlated with the initial TFT performance prior to the application of stress. Post deposition annealing at 450 ?C of the films in air was found to lead to a higher atomic concentration of Sn4+ in these films and a superior quality of the film, as attested by the higher film density and less surface and interface roughness in comparison to the lower annealed temperature device. These result in significantly reduced shallow and deep interface traps with improved performance of the device exhibiting VON of ?3.5 V, ION/IOFF of 108, field-effect mobility (?FE) of 4.46 cm2 V?1s?1, and sub-threshold swing of 0.38 V dec?1. The device is stable under both electrical and optical bias for wavelengths of 550 nm and above. Thus, this work demonstrates GSZO-based TFTs as a promising viable option to the IGZO TFTs by further tailoring the film composition and relevant processing temperatures.
Accruals Quality, Disclosure Costs, and Management Guidance

Research examining managers’ propensity to provide earnings guidance generally focuses on external costs and benefits of such disclosure. Motivated by voluntary disclosure theory, I argue that internal costs of disclosure likely play a significant role in the forecasting decision. Prior research suggests accruals quality (AQ) provides an indication of the quality of managers’ earnings-related information, as accruals that are of higher (lower) quality presumably arise from higher (lower) quality information. I contend that innate and discretionary components of AQ have opposite relations with information acquisition costs, an important theoretical determinant of disclosure. Specifically, higher levels of innate AQ suggest managers bear low information acquisition costs, leading to a positive theoretical association with voluntary disclosure. Conversely, higher discretionary AQ indicates greater information acquisition costs, which offsets the benefit of high quality information. Using forecast occurrence, frequency, timeliness, and specificity as proxies for the quality of voluntary disclosures, I find evidence consistent with these predictions. Further, improvements in innate AQ correspond to a higher (lower) likelihood of starting (stopping) a policy of forecasting. Finally, I show that the quality of “low-cost” information (innate AQ) moderates the effects of several previously identified determinants of forecasting, including institutional holdings, abnormal audit fees, product market competition, and litigation risk. Overall, my results are consistent with theory suggesting information acquisition costs play important roles in managers’ forecasting decisions.
Social Welfare Expenditures and Infant Mortality

This study examines the effects of social welfare expenditures on infant mortality (deaths younger than age 1 per 1,000 live births) across 19 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries from 1980 to 2010. Data are obtained from various sources including the OECD, World Health Organization, and World Bank. The findings indicate that among three social welfare expenditure measures for families, the expenditures on family cash allowances are predicted to reduce infant mortality. However, the other two measures-the expenditures on parental and maternity leave and expenditures on family services-have no significant effects on infant mortality.
Case Study: Network System ID Conversion for a Connected Campus

Experience database users’ access authentication procedure and learn the pros and cons of academic patrons’ IDs conversion and the implementation process. This is a successful narrative and/or story of campus ID conversion and alternative ID creation in an academic institution. From this article, the reader can learn what to do and what not to do when converting campus user IDs, creating alternative users’ IDs, or integrating new user IDs with existing IDs as security standards create the institutional need for alternative IDs for information accessibility and authentication. This article describes the process, the analysis, and the implementation of a campus network ID and management system. The 9-digit alphanumeric campus identification number (ID) is used in many places such as the student’s ID card, registration information, admission and financial aid records, access to the university’s banner web, and access to the library materials. The library authentication system uses a 9-digit numeric Personal Identification Number (PIN) for patron authentication purpose.