cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time-Dependent Electrical Properties of Human Nail Upon Hydration In Vivo

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of hydration and solution ion concentration on the electrical properties of human nail in vivo and compare these in vivo results with those in vitro. In vivo electrical resistance measurements on the nail were conducted with a three-electrode system in phosphate buffered saline of 0.01-0.6 M. The effect of electric current on nail resistance and possible adverse effects were studied under 1.5- and 9-V iontophoresis in vivo. The electrical resistance of the nail plate was measured in vitro in side-by-side diffusion cells under the same conditions and compared with those in vivo. The in vivo electrical resistance decreased significantly upon 2-h nail hydration and then slowly decreased to a constant value, showing the same pattern as that in vitro. No significant effect of the applied voltage upon the nail electrical resistance was observed. Higher current densities caused moderate sensation and slight changes in nail appearance after iontophoresis. The observed decrease in nail resistance demonstrates the significance of nail hydration in transungual iontophoresis. The in vitro and in vivo correlation suggests that the in vitro nail plate can be a model in the research and development of transungual iontophoretic delivery.
Sum of correlated gamma variates with application to the performance of wireless systems over Nakagami channels

We extend the Moschopoulos (1985) representation for the probability density function (PDF) of the sum of independent gamma variates to the PDF of the sum of correlated gamma variates and provide an exact PDF-based approach for the performance analysis of many wireless communication systems over not necessarily independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) Nakagami fading channels. The key feature of this representation is that it is in the from of a single gamma series which implies that all the manipulations that can be performed for the i.i.d. case can now also be done for the non-i.i.d. case. Aside from putting under the same umbrella many of the past results obtained via characteristic function (CF)-based approaches, the proposed PDF-based approach also allows the derivation of additional performance measures which are harder to analyze via CF-based approaches.
Comparison of cardiac output measured by intrapulmonary artery doppler, thermodilution, and electromagnetometry

A Doppler pulmonary artery catheter system (Doppler cardiac output monitor or DOPCOM) that continuously measures instantaneous and mean cardiac output was recently introduced. Because thermodilution (TD) flow measurements may not represent an adequate standard, the present study was designed to compare TD and DOPCOM cardiac output measurements with aortic electromagnetic (EM) flow in cardiac surgical patients. Twenty-one patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled in the study. Simultaneous measurement of cardiac output by all three methods was performed before cardiopulmonary bypass, after cardiopulmonary bypass with the aorta cannulated and volume intermittently infused, and after decannulation. Analysis of all data demonstrated fair TD and EM correlation (r = 0.80), with minimal bias (0.03 +/- 1.21 L/min) and a median absolute error of 0.53 L/min; DOPCOM and EM data showed moderate correlation (r = 0.64), a bias of -0.61 +/- 1.50 L/min, and a median absolute error the same as TD (0.51 L/min). However, distribution of DOPCOM values was heavily skewed by 3 patients in whom flow measurements immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass were markedly different between the DOPCOM and electromagnetometry, probably because of malposition of the Doppler transducers secondary to partial catheter withdrawal during bypass. Consistent with this theory was the finding that before CPB, the DOPCOM was significantly better than TD in predicting EM flow (median absolute error: DOPCOM, 0.12 L/min, and TD, 0.48 L/min; p = 0.04). Our data suggest that, in general, the DOPCOM shows similar precision to TD for predicting EM flow measurements, although the DOPCOM may underestimate actual flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cover-Crop Roller–Crimper Contributes to Weed Management in No-Till Soybean

Abstract Termination of cover crops prior to no-till planting of soybean is typically accomplished with burndown herbicides. Recent advances in cover-crop roller–crimper design offer the possibility of reliable physical termination of cover crops without tillage. A field study within a no-till soybean production system was conducted in Urbana, IL, from 2004 through 2007 to quantify the effects of cover crop (cereal rye, hairy vetch, or bare soil control), termination method (chemical burndown or roller–crimper), and postemergence glyphosate application rate (0, 1.1, or 2.2 kg ae ha−1) on soybean yield components, weed–crop interference, and soil environmental variables. Biomass of weeds surviving management within a soybean crop following either a vetch or rye cover crop was reduced by 26 and 56%, respectively, in the rolled system compared to the burndown system. Soybean yield loss due to weed interference was unaffected by cover-crop termination method in soybean following a rye cover crop, but was high...
Arg333 and Arg334 in the COOH terminus of the human P2Y1 receptor are crucial for Gq coupling.

The P2Y1 ADP receptor activates Gq and causes increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration through stimulation of PLC. In this study, we investigated the role of the amino acid residues in the COO...
Management of Thromboembolic Disease Associated With Pregnancy

Our objective was to identify practice patterns of members of the Society of Perinatal Obstetricians with regard to the management of thromboembolic disease in pregnant women.We sent survey-questionnaires to members of the Society of Perinatal Obstetricians and requested information on antepartum and postpartum management of four clinical case scenarios. We also requested information on the evaluation of hypercoagulability and on the dosing and monitoring of heparin during pregnancy.We received 515 responses after a single mailing (47%). Most respondents utilize some form of anticoagulation in pregnant women with a history of thromboembolic disease, although there was variation in the duration and intensity of anticoagulation. Nearly all respondents (96%) use full anticoagulation with heparin for pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves. Most respondents evaluate pregnant women for hypercoagulable disorders who present with a thromboembolism or have a history of thromboembolic disease. There is conside...
Effects of power reserve control on wind turbine structural loading

As the penetration of wind energy in worldwide electrical utility grids increases, there is a growing interest in the provision of active power control (APC) services from wind turbines and power plants to aid in maintaining grid stability. Recent research has focused on the design of active power controllers for wind turbines that can provide a range of APC services including inertial, primary frequency and secondary frequency control. An important consideration for implementing these controllers in practice is assessing their impact on the lifetime of wind turbine components. In this paper, the impact on the structural loads of a wind turbine providing a power reserve is explored by performing a load suite analysis for several torque-based control strategies. Power reserve is required for providing those APC services that require the ability of the wind turbine to supply an increase in power. To study this, we performed a load suite on a simulated model of a research turbine located at the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Analysis of the results explores the effect of the different reserve strategies on turbine loading. In addition, field-test data from the turbine itself are presented to augment and support the findings from the simulation study results. Results indicate that all power-reserve strategies tend to decrease extreme loads and increase pitch actuation. Fatigue loads tend to be reduced in faster winds and increased in slower winds, but are dependent on reserve-controller design. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of 3D Cloud Ice Water Contents by Combining Multiple Data Sources from Satellite, Ground Radar, and a Numerical Model

Abstract This study aims at determining the three-dimensional distribution of ice water content over a broad area near the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Southern Great Plains site, where cloud radar and meteorological observations have been routinely conducted. Together with wind fields from other measurements, the ice water content retrievals can be used to derive the cloud ice water advective tendency terms needed for single-column model simulations. In this study, a Bayesian retrieval algorithm has been developed that combines multiple data sources from satellite high-frequency microwave radiometry, ground cloud radar observations, and mesoscale numerical model analysis. The cloud radar observations allow the characteristics of vertical ice water content structures to be inferred. The numerical model data are used to locate the cloud height. The satellite data provide information on the integrated ice water path, its horizontal distribution over a broad area, and, to a lesser extent, the ve...
Immunotherapy of a murine renal cancer.

Abstract A preliminary study of the response to various immunotherapy models in a spontaneous murine al cell carcinoma model is reported. Tumor cells were implanted intrarenally and nephrectomy performed at a later time. Specific immunotherapy using irradiated whole tumor cells plus complete Freund’s adjuvant and a crude membrane preparation plus the same adjuvant were compared to nonspecific immunotherapy with adjuvant alone. In the 1st of 2 response criteria examined, there was a statistically significant decrease in tumor growth following hind limb rechallenge in those animals immunized with the membrane preparation plus adjuvant (p
2-D full wave solution for the analysis and design of birdcage coils

A simple 2-D full wave model for the birdcage coil is described that includes the effects of shields, lossy layered media, and finite leg widths. This model has been implemented in Matlab, which provides a simple user interface. Using this model, various coil parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), magnetic field homogeneity, magnetic field magnitude, etc. can be computed quickly. The efficiency of this model allows optimization of the coil geometry for particular applications. A method for finding the optimal coil radius in terms of SNR and homogeneity, given shield and sample radii, is presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 18B: 15–23, 2003.
Modular Footbridges of Guadua Angustifolia Kunth

In South America, especially in the Andean region, many communities are isolated and their development is limited due to the difficulties in communicating with urban areas, because the lack of adequate road infrastructure. Most of this problem is due to economic issues and lack of attention from governments. Moreover, the Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua-a.) is a bamboo that grows in most of the Americas. This material has a resistance – weight ratio similar to structural steel also presenting additional benefits such as soil stabilization, flow regulation, and a high CO2 fixation rate to the ground. In addition the Guadua-a. growth cycle spans from 3 to 5 years. All of these makes the Guadua-a. in highly renewable material. This paper presents an alternative for the construction of Guadua-a. structural modules for pedestrian bridges, as a solution to the lack of infrastructure in village roads and even in suburban areas. In the proposed model, the bridge would be built by the community in a short time, taking advantage of existing Guadua-a. in the area, and establishing an industrialized cultivation of it, to enable them to have enough material for maintenance and replacement of sections as necessary. A numerical structural analysis was performed to determine the maximum possible span under load specifications from Colombian bridge building code. The results shows that a bridge up to 21m of span can be constructed using the module. The span can be increased drastically when the module is combined with wire-cable or an arc shaped configuration, however, the module was assessed to be used in straight truss bridges because this setting carries the largest loads on the elements. Real scale load tests were conducted on a full scale physical model of the module, the structural elements and the connection between the modules.
Balancing surface area with electron recombination in nanowire-based dye-sensitized solar cells

Abstract Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) represent a promising technology in the renewable energy portfolio. In this study, tin-doped-indium oxide (ITO) nanowires are used to prepare DSSC photoanodes that overcome charge transport limitations associated with conventional nanoparticle-based photoanodes. Vertically-aligned ITO nanowires are grown by a thermal evaporation method and a porous TiO 2 shell layer is uniformly coated on the nanowire surfaces to ensure high dye-loading. It is found that cell efficiency increased to 4.85% from 2.81% when a dense HfO 2 blocking layer is inserted between ITO nanowire surfaces and the porous TiO 2 shell. While more photoactive surface area associated with longer nanowires improves device performance, nanowires longer than 20 μm show reduced efficiency from an increase in electron recombination. Therefore, 20-μm-long nanowires show the best efficiency, which is attributed to the balance of surface area and electron recombination in the photoanode. Although decreasing TiO 2 annealing temperatures from 600 to 400 °C increases electron recombination, the smaller TiO 2 nanoparticles at 400 °C lead to much higher dye-loading and, ultimately, the highest device efficiency of 5.59%.
Ureteral Stricture: Experience with 31 Cases

AbstractWe reviewed the records of 31 patients treated during the last 5 years for ureteral stricture disease. The causes of stricture formation included ureteroenteral anastomoses (23 per cent), open ureterolithotomy (19 per cent), ureteroscopy (19 per cent), other urological procedures (16 per cent), general surgical and gynecological procedures (13 per cent) and miscellaneous causes (7 per cent).Of the patients 24 were managed initially with antegrade or retrograde balloon dilation or stenting and favorable outcomes were achieved in 12 (50 per cent), with a mean followup of 13 months. Of the 12 patients who failed endourological management 6 subsequently underwent open repair with a 100 per cent success rate. The remaining 7 patients underwent an open operation as the initial management and successful results were achieved in 6. The over-all rate of successful management of ureteral stricture disease using endoscopic and open surgical techniques was 77 per cent. A total of 7 patients (23 per cent) fail...
Using Art to Visualize Cellular Environments: An Interview with David Goodsell

David Goodsell creates paintings of the inside of cells as well as other molecular scale objects. His work reveals cellular structures that are scientifically accurate and engaging to the human eye. This interview explores how he brings to life that which we cannot see and how the scale and detail of his work produces a more complete understanding of and engagement with these complex structures.
Sociology: Clean-energy conservatism

US conservatives receive a steady stream of anti-environmental messaging from Republican politicians. However, clean-energy conservatives sending strong counter-messages on energy issues could mobilize moderate conservatives to break away from the dominant right-wing defence of fossil fuels.
A Construction of Uniquely $n$-Colorable Digraphs with Arbitrarily Large Digirth

A natural digraph analogue of the graph-theoretic concept of an `independent set' is that of an `acyclic set', namely a set of vertices not spanning a directed cycle. Hence a digraph analogue of a graph coloring is a decomposition of the vertex set into acyclic sets and we say a digraph is uniquely $n$-colorable when this decomposition is unique up to relabeling. It was shown probabilistically in [A. Harutyunyan et al., Uniquely $D$-colorable digraphs with large girth, Canad. J. Math., 64 (6): 1310-1328, 2012] that there exist uniquely $n$-colorable digraphs with arbitrarily large girth. Here we give a construction of such digraphs and prove that they have circular chromatic number $n$. The graph-theoretic notion of `homomorphism' also gives rise to a digraph analogue. An acyclic homomorphism from a digraph $D$ to a digraph $H$ is a mapping $\varphi: V(D) \rightarrow V(H)$ such that $uv \in A(D)$ implies that either $\varphi(u)\varphi(v) \in A(H)$ or $\varphi(u)=\varphi(v)$, and all the `fibers' $\varphi^{-1}(v)$, for $v \in V(H)$, of $\varphi$ are acyclic. In this language, a core is a digraph $D$ for which there does not exist an acyclic homomorphism from $D$ to a proper subdigraph of itself. Here we prove some basic results about digraph cores and construct highly chromatic cores without short cycles.
Review of the current medical literature and assessment of current utilization patterns regarding mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry in cutaneous Muir-Torre syndrome-associated neoplasms

Muir-Torre syndrome is a clinical variant of Lynch syndrome defined by the synchronous or metachronous occurrence of at least one sebaceous neoplasm and at least one Lynch syndrome-related internal cancer. Although screening guidelines for patients with colorectal carcinomas have been established, screening guidelines for cutaneous Muir-Torre associated neoplasms are not currently available. As such, we reviewed the current evidence for the use of MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 immunohistochemistry when cutaneous Muir-Torre associated neoplasms are encountered. We identified weak to moderate support overall for the global use of these assays, with some evidence suggesting a tailored approach using clinical parameters as an adjunct. We also assessed the current utilization patterns of attendees of the American Society of Dermatopathology Annual Meeting (Chicago, 2016). We found that 91% of respondents utilize mismatch repair immunohistochemistry, with the majority utilizing these tests only when requested by the submitting clinician.
Pushed to Teach: Pedagogies and Policies for a Black Women Educator Pipeline:

This research study examines the learning experiences of 11th- and 12th-grade Black girls participating in a precollegiate program committed to increasing the number of Teachers of Color entering t...
Proof of concept Laplacian estimate derived for noninvasive tripolar concentric ring electrode with incorporated radius of the central disc and the widths of the concentric rings

Tripolar concentric ring electrodes are showing great promise in a range of applications including braincomputer interface and seizure onset detection due to their superiority to conventional disc electrodes, in particular, in accuracy of surface Laplacian estimation. Recently, we proposed a general approach to estimation of the Laplacian for an (n + 1)-polar electrode with n rings using the (4n + 1)-point method for n ≥ 2 that allows cancellation of all the truncation terms up to the order of 2n. This approach has been used to introduce novel multipolar and variable inter-ring distances concentric ring electrode configurations verified using finite element method. The obtained results suggest their potential to improve Laplacian estimation compared to currently used constant interring distances tripolar concentric ring electrodes. One of the main limitations of the proposed (4n + 1)-point method is that the radius of the central disc and the widths of the concentric rings are not included and therefore cannot be optimized. This study incorporates these two parameters by representing the central disc and both concentric rings as clusters of points with specific radius and widths respectively as opposed to the currently used single point and concentric circles. A proof of concept Laplacian estimate is derived for a tripolar concentric ring electrode with non-negligible radius of the central disc and non-negligible widths of the concentric rings clearly demonstrating how both of these parameters can be incorporated into the (4n + 1)-point method.
Hybrid Computer Methods

This chapter focuses on hybrid computer methods applicable to ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations. A numerical approximation to the solution is obtained. Sometimes, the advantages of both digital and analog computers can be used simultaneously on a single differential equation. A hybrid computer is one that combines both digital and analog computing devices. Generally, in such a configuration, the analog computer is used to perform tasks that are very time consuming on a digital computer. The analog computer is constructed, generally by the user, out of capacitors, operational amplifiers, resistors and other electronic components. The numbers in an analog computer are represented by electrical quantities such as voltage and amperage. A partial differential equation can often be approximated by a large number of ordinary differential equations.
An interleaved non-isolated DC-DC boost converter with diode-capacitor cells

Using the conventional boost converter in applications that require high-voltage-gain conversion have several challenges. The conventional boost converter can have high-voltage-gain ratio if only operates with an extremely high duty ratio. Also, the output diode might suffer from the reverse recovery phenomena at the high duty cycle and high-power applications. Therefore, a new topology is required to overcome the issues associated with using the conventional boost converter in applications that require high-voltage-gain conversion. This paper introduces an interleaved boost converter with a diode-capacitor voltage multiplier cells to achieve high-voltage gain conversion with low voltage stresses on switches. The theory of operation of the proposed converter is explained. The steady-state analysis of proposed converter is verified through simulation to convert 20 to 400 V DC . A 200 W hardware prototype was experimentally implemented to validate both simulation and analysis.
Vitamin D Biochemistry and Physiology

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is found in nearly every cell in the body. Moreover, the enzyme, CYP27B1, that produces the active form of the hormone, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), is also widespread, although perhaps not as ubiquitous as VDR. These observations underlie the recent understanding that vitamin D does much more than regulate bone mineral metabolism through its actions on intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption, renal calcium and phosphate reabsorption, and bone development and remodeling. In this chapter, I will review the production of vitamin D in the skin, its subsequent metabolism to the major circulating metabolite 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) by the different 25-hydroxylases in the liver and elsewhere, and the metabolism of 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D in the kidney and elsewhere. This last step is tightly regulated, but its regulation differs according to the cell involved. Transport of the vitamin D metabolites in blood by the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) and albumin and its uptake by different tissues are then discussed emphasizing that some cells rely on diffusion of the metabolites across the membrane in free form, whereas others have a mechanism to take up the metabolite bound to DBP. The molecular mechanism of action of 1,25(OH)2D will then be reviewed, describing the very large number of cellular processes regulated by 1,25(OH)2D, emphasizing the cell specificity of this regulation. In the final section, I will provide examples of different physiologic functions of vitamin D signaling in its regulation of proliferation/differentiation, hormone regulation, and immune function.
Prevention of Child Abuse: Issues for the Mental Health Practitioner

This article reviews current issues related to prevention of child maltreatment, including child sexual abuse and child physical abuse. Confrontation of child maltreatment on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention are addressed. Issues particularly relevant to the mental health practitioner are emphasized.
CHAPTER 17 – The Phylogenetic Utility of the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene for Inferring Relationships among Actinopterygian Fishes

The objective of this chapter is to test the phylogenetic utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene by analyzing the relationships of monophyletic Actinopterygii or ray-finned fishes at different hierarchic levels. Modern actinopterygians are the most diverse of all vertebrate groups and include more than 25,000 species. In order to assess the utility of the cytochrome b gene, actinopterygian fishes representing a diverse array of taxa and divergence times were selected. Facts and figures supporting phylogenetic hypothesis of actinopterygian fishes, including only the taxa, are examined based on morphological data from various sources. Although this chapter focuses on the cytochrome b gene, this study serves as a model for further studies that examines the utility of other genes. It lists the actinopterygian species examined in this study and their current classification. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences for the remaining 18 ray-finned fishes were retrieved from GenBank. The results of Cytochrome b sequence variation, base compositional bias, and amino acids differences are very important from the analytical point of view as is the assessment of the phylogenetic utility of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene arrived at by examining taxonomic congruence between molecular- and morphological-based phylogenetic hypotheses.
Physiological and Pharmacological Analysis of Behavior

Psychologists have traditionally employed ablation techniques, electrical stimulation, and parenteral or central administration of drugs to examine subsequent effects on behavior. The problems that have arisen with the use of these techniques are described below. However, the one basic problem has been our inability to specify the exact mechanisms by which these procedures exert their effects on behavior. For example the ablation technique is one of the oldest and most extensively used methods for studying brain function. Consequently, we know a great deal about the behavioral changes produced by a variety of cortical and subcortical lesions. However, in most cases we do not know how to interpret the results. First, in almost all cases the lesion is simply described by the primary locus of damage. Rarely does the investigator examine the degeneration occurring outside of this primary locus. Consequently, the anatomical system being affected by a lesion is unknown. More importantly, the ablation technique as employed for study of brain function has not allowed us to specify the mechanism(s) by which lesions produce a change in function.
Layering and Related Structures in the Duke Island and Skaergaard Intrusions: Similarities, Differences, and Origins

Although they differ markedly in their compositions and magmatic histories, the Duke Island and Skaergaard intrusions have notably similar layering features. Comparison yields valuable insights into the origins of the layering at Skaergaard, where this problem has been confounded by uncertainties over whether plagioclase should have settled or floated in its parent liquid.
11 – Immunological Studies Utilizing Cytokine Transgenic Mice

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the immune system using cytokine-transgenic mice. The first cytokine-transgenic mice produced and studied expressed interferon γ in the pancreatic β cells. These mice were produced to test the “Bottazzo hypothesis” that aberrant expression of class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on non-lymphoid cells would lead to autoimmunity. These mice were expected to simulate the in vivo situation closely than MHC class II transgenic mice because in vivo expression of MHC class II molecules, mediated by cytokines, might have different immunological impacts than ectopic expression of MHC class II antigen driven by tissue-specific promoters. In these mice, insulitis and diabetes mellitus were observed, as was increased expression of class II MHC molecules. CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and macrophage constituted the cells infiltrating around and into the pancreatic islets. The immune response against foreign substances and tolerance to self-antigens—the main objectives of the immune system—are not mutually exclusive events. Instead, immune functions are controlled between immunity and tolerance by an intricate balance of a number of cellular and/or humoral factors. An imbalance in these factors in the artificial system of transgenic mice leads to autoimmunity and sometimes produces tolerance to immunogenic foreign substances. Information from these phenomena might be used to understand the immune system and to provide a basis for the application of immune modulation in the clinical arena.
Questions of Modernity and Postcoloniality in Modern Indian Theatres: Problems and Sources

This essay seeks to address both the category and phenomenon of modern Indian theatres. While the rise of the theatre in India was tied to the cultural forces of colonization, however, very early on in the history of Indian language theatres, we see practitioners struggling to define for themselves and for their audiences a sense of identity in both modernity and nationality. In the years following India’s independence from British dominion, the need for a national identity becomes more pressing. Such articulations of what it means to be “Indian”, manifest in the theatre, literature, and the various cultural discourses of the time. However, though a unity was sought in an independent nationhood, the inherent pluralities in a multilingual and multicultural context like India could not be ignored, in crafting this discourse of nationhood. In this study, I wish to, therefore, contextualize conversations around the history of modern Indian theatres within such a longer history of pluralistic responses to colonially mediated modernity and the quest for a modern national identity. I have hence, in my study, chosen to focus on two Indian playwrights, Bharatendu Harishchandra (1850–1885) and Habib Tanvir (1923–2009). Harishchandra’s career ends well before India’s independence in 1947, while Tanvir represents the first generation of playwrights who came of age in a nascent nationhood. Borrowing from Indian Comparatist Sisir Kumar Das’ theorizations on the phases of Indian modernities in his A History of Indian Literature (1991), I explore Tanvir’s and Harishchandra’s views on theatre as indicative of distinct phases in the history of Indian modernities, and thereby hoping to arrive at a less linear and more pluralistic view of the history of modern Indian theatres.
Communicating Between Species and Between Disciplines—Lessons from the Old English Seafarer

This article examines the analogy of birdsong in the Old English Seafarer as an access point for critical and meta-critical discussions regarding the communicative prohibitions and possibilities be...
Abstract TMP114: Exploring the Role of Cognitive Function in Secondary Stroke Prevention: Evidence from the Discharge Educational Strategies for Reduction of Vascular Events (DESERVE) Study

Studies suggest that cognitive impairment is common, even following mild stroke. Yet, secondary prevention strategies typically do not take into account patients’ cognitive functioning. Data from D...
FINGER STRESS FRACTURES IN YOUTH ELITE ROCK CLIMBERS

Background:With the inclusion of climbing in the 2020 Olympics, the number of adolescent competitors is on the rise. For the first time in competition history, the 2020 Olympic format requires ever...
The Search for a Limited Search: The First Circuit Denies the Search of Cell Phones Incident to Arrest in United States v. Wurie

On May 17, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit in United States v. Wurie held that the warrantless search of a cell phone was not justified by the search-incident-to-arrest exception to the Fourth Amendment and was thus an illegal search. In doing so, the court declined to agree with other federal appeals court solutions regarding this issue; most notably, the Fifth Circuit’s 2007 decision in United States v. Finley and the Seventh Circuit’s 2012 decision in United States v. Flores-Lopez. This Comment argues that the approaches taken by courts on both sides of the issue have severe vulnerabilities. It also posits that, on review, the U.S. Supreme Court should adopt a test that limits the police search to information that can be found on the phone without accessing the internet. By drawing a line regarding the searchable information in a phone, this test provides a more effective method of balancing the various concerns this issue raises.
Anterolateral entorhinal cortex thickness as a new biomarker for early detection of Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Introduction Loss of entorhinal cortex (EC) layer II neurons represents the earliest AD lesion in the brain. Research suggests differing functional roles between two EC subregions, the anterolateral EC (aLEC) and the posteromedial EC (pMEC). Methods We use joint label fusion to obtain aLEC and pMEC cortical thickness measurements from serial MRI scans of 775 ADNI-1 participants (219 healthy; 380 MCI; 176 AD) and use linear mixed-effects models to analyze longitudinal associations between cortical thickness, disease status and cognitive measures. Results Group status is reliability predicted by aLEC thickness, which also exhibits greater associations with cognitive outcomes than does pMEC thickness. Change in aLEC thickness is also associated with CSF amyloid and tau levels. Discussion Thinning of aLEC is a sensitive structural biomarker that changes over short durations in the course of AD and tracks disease severity – it is a strong candidate biomarker for detection of early AD.
Using Site Heterogeneity in Metal–Organic Frameworks with Bimetallic Open Metal Sites for Olefin/Paraffin Separations

It is generally thought that homogeneous adsorbents allow higher performance than heterogeneous materials for gas storage, but it is less clear whether this concept extends to adsorption-based sepa...
A MASCOT for mosaic analysis.

Genetic mosaicism is a phenomenon that occurs naturally in multicellular organisms, by which genetically diverse cell populations arise through the process of somatic mutation within the organism. Somatic mutations that underlie genetic mosaicism result from intrinsic errors in DNA replication and/or exposure to exogenous genotoxic agents, such as radiation, ultraviolet light, or cigarette smoke. Genetic mosaicism is one of several mechanisms that promote cellular heterogeneity in tissues. Whereas most of the mosaicism that progressively emerges during life is inconsequential, i.e., unable to lead to pathological effects at the cellular and organismal level, a small proportion may produce deleterious effects and lead to pathologies such as cancer (1). In PNAS, Wang et al. (2) report an elegant mosaic system, MASCOT (mosaic analysis system with Cre or Tomato), enabling the temporally controlled introduction of mosaicism and fluorescent markers to a tissue of interest. Cancer pathogenesis involves a succession of genetic alterations. A small fraction of randomly occurring genetic alterations that increase proliferative capacity, such as oncogenic mutations, confer a growth advantage, resulting in the expansion of the mutant cell clone within its cellular lineage (Fig. 1 A ). Subsequently, subclones within the pool of mutant cells can acquire additional advantageous alterations, resulting in subclonal expansion (3). As such, each round of clonal expansion generates a cell population with increasingly neoplastic and malignant phenotypes, eventually producing clinically manifest tumors that often harbor remarkable heterogeneity. This process is a textbook example of Darwinian natural selection, with each round of somatic mutation leading to the expansion of the fittest clones embedded in a pool of cells that are “wild type” (WT) with respect to the newly acquired mutation (Fig. 1 A ). Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a fascinating example of such genetic mosaicism, whereby hematopoietic stem cells acquire somatic mutations that confer the mutant cells a growth advantage, but … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: tammelat{at}mskcc.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The effect of a low-nickel diet and nickel sensitization on gastroesophageal reflux disease: A pilot study

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common medical condition, frequently refractory to medical therapy. Nickel is a leading cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Although nickel is widely found in foods, the effect of nickel on GERD is unknown. This pilot study sought to evaluate the effect of a low-nickel diet on GERD and determine if epicutaneous patch testing to nickel could predict responsiveness to a low-nickel diet. This prospective, single-site pilot study recruited 20 refractory GERD patients as determined by GERD Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) scores. All patients had epicutaneous patch testing for nickel and were then instructed to follow a low-nickel diet for 8 weeks regardless of patch test results. GERD-HRQL was recorded at baseline and following 8 weeks of a low-nickel diet. Demographic and clinical data associated with GERD and nickel allergy were recorded. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test and nonparametric analysis of longitudinal data were run to determine statistical significance in pre- and post- GERD-HRQL scores in nickel patch test–positive and negative groups. Nearly all (19/20 [95%]) participants reported reduced GERD symptoms after 8 weeks on a low-nickel diet. Mean total GERD-HRQL, regurgitation, and heartburn scores declined (27.05 ± 16.04, 11.45 ± 6.46, 10.85 ± 8.29). Participants with positive vs. negative patch testing to nickel responded equivalently to a low-nickel diet. A low-nickel diet improves GERD symptoms, but responsiveness to a low-nickel diet does not correlate with epicutaneous patch testing to nickel. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT03720756
A Lentiviral Envelope Signal Sequence is a Tetherin Antagonizing Protein

Signal sequences are N-terminal peptides, generally less than 30 amino acids in length, that direct translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum and secretory pathway. The envelope glycoprotein (Env) of the nonprimate lentivirus Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) contains the longest signal sequence of all eukaryotic, prokaryotic and viral proteins (175 amino acids). The reason is unknown. Tetherin is a dual membrane-anchored host protein that inhibits the release of enveloped viruses from cells. Primate lentiviruses have evolved three antagonists: the small accessory proteins Vpu and Nef, and in the case of HIV-2, Env. Here we identify the FIV Env signal sequence (Fess) as the FIV tetherin antagonist. A short deletion in the central portion of Fess had no effect on viral replication in the absence of tetherin but severely impaired virion budding in its presence. Fess is necessary and sufficient, acting as an autonomous accessory protein with the rest of Env dispensable. In contrast to primate lentivirus tetherin antagonists, it functions by stringently blocking the incorporation of this restriction factor into viral particles rather than by degrading it or downregulating it from the plasma membrane.
Mx1 and Mx2 key antiviral proteins are surprisingly lost in toothed whales

Viral outbreaks in dolphins and other Delphinoidea family members warrant investigation into the integrity of the cetacean immune system. The dynamin-like GTPase genes Myxovirus 1 (Mx1) and Mx2 defend mammals against a broad range of viral infections. Loss of Mx1 function in human and mice enhances infectivity by multiple RNA and DNA viruses, including orthomyxoviruses (influenza A), paramyxoviruses (measles), and hepadnaviruses (hepatitis B), whereas loss of Mx2 function leads to decreased resistance to HIV-1 and other viruses. Here we show that both Mx1 and Mx2 have been rendered nonfunctional in Odontoceti cetaceans (toothed whales, including dolphins and orcas). We discovered multiple exon deletions, frameshift mutations, premature stop codons, and transcriptional evidence of decay in the coding sequence of both Mx1 and Mx2 in four species of Odontocetes. We trace the likely loss event for both proteins to soon after the divergence of Odontocetes and Mystocetes (baleen whales) ∼33–37 Mya. Our data raise intriguing questions as to what drove the loss of both Mx1 and Mx2 genes in the Odontoceti lineage, a double loss seen in none of 56 other mammalian genomes, and suggests a hitherto unappreciated fundamental genetic difference in the way these magnificent mammals respond to viral infections.
A Free Radical Flavoprotein from Azotobacter ISOLATION, CRYSTALLIZATION, AND PROPERTIES

Abstract A flavoprotein containing flavin mononucleotide has been isolated from Azotobacter vinelandii, purified to homogeneity, and crystallized. Anaerobically prepared flavoprotein exhibited free radical properties and absorption maxima at 580 and 615 mµ, suggestive of a flavin semiquinone. The flavoprotein is unusual in that the oxidized form reacts slowly even with strong reducing agents (Na2S2O4) and is resistant to reduction beyond the half-reduced state; anaerobically prepared flavoprotein is exceptionally resistant to oxidation by molecular oxygen. These unusual properties have been shown to be dependent upon the structural integrity of the protein.
Do Trade and Capital Flows Complement Each Other? Evidence from the US Syndicated Loan Market

We empirically test the hypothesis that trade flows and debt flows complement each other as argued by Rajan and Zingales (2003). Using a dataset of loans made to U.S. borrowers, we find that the probability of a foreign bank participation in a loan increases as the bilateral trade between the US and the lender's country increases. We also find that as a foreign country imports more from the U.S. in the borrowing firm's industry, the probability of a bank from that country participating in the loan in-creases. On the contrary, an increase in exports by a foreign country to U.S. decreases the probability of a bank from that country participating in the loan.
Studies on Calciferol Metabolism: IV. SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF 1,25-DIHYDROXY-VITAMIN D3 IN INTESTINAL MUCOSA AND CORRELATION WITH INCREASED CALCIUM TRANSPORT

It has been previously established that vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) must undergo an obligatory two step metabolism to first 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and then 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol prior to the initiation in the intestine of increased calcium transport. These steps are mediated successively by the liver and the kidney. The present report compares the time course of appearance of vitamin D metabolites in various subcellular fractions of the intestinal mucosa with the onset of increased intestinal calcium transport after physiological doses of radioactive 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. With both steroids, the intestinal nucleus and its chromatin fraction, but not that of the liver or kidney, preferentially accumulated 65 to 75% of the radioactivity present in the tissue. This radioactivity was found by chromatographic analysis to be exclusively 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Maximal nuclear accumulation (4.5 to 6 pmoles per chick intestinal chromatin) occurred after 10 to 12 hours or only 4 hours with doses of 0.32 nmole of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, respectively. Under these conditions increased intestinal calcium transport is maximal 28 or 9 hours after 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, respectively. Additionally it was found that the binding capacity of the nuclear chromatin for the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol became saturated after a dose of 1.3 nmoles of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol or a dose of only 0.025 nmole of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. This correlates closely with the doses of these steroids required to elicit a maximum intestinal calcium transport response. These results collectively support the concept that the nuclear localization of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the intestinal mucosa is an integral step in the development of the physiological response to vitamin D by this tissue.
Strip-Mining the Southern Sky: Scratching the Surface

Recent advances in techniques for measuring galaxy redshifts have made it possible to gather large samples that reveal the structure in the universe on scales of 100 Mpc or more. Measurement of these properties is especially interesting because the mechanism for forming large structures may connect the fluctuations in the early universe with present observations. In any case, we would like to know the average properties of the Universe, such as the mass density Ω, but no determination of average properties can be reliable unless it encompasses a sufficient volume to average over fluctuations due to large voids and filaments. Conventional Wisdom (Geller and Huchra 1989) indicates that maps of galaxy distributions show inhomogeneities on scales as large as the surveys. While we expect that deeper surveys will reveal a more homogeneous pattern, the scale on which this transition takes place has not yet been reached in any published survey. This contribution reports initial results based on the first 5100 redshifts from a new survey carried out at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. With a characteristic depth of one billion light years, the data suggest we may at last have surveyed the universe on a scale where the galaxy distribution tends toward homogeneity. The observed galaxies appear to have voids on the scale of 5000 km/s and filaments similar to those seen in the CfA work, but do not reveal obvious larger structures. Perhaps we are beginning to see the end of large scale structure.
Gamma-ray output spectra from 239Pu fIssion

Gamma-ray multiplicities, individual gamma-ray energy spectra, and total gamma energy spectra following neutron-induced fission of 239 Pu were measured using the DANCE detector at Los Alamos. Correc- tions for detector response were made using a forward-modeling technique based on propagating sets of gamma rays generated from a paramaterized model through a GEANT model of the DANCE array and adjusting the parameters for best fit to the measured spectra. The results for the gamma-ray spectrum and multiplicity are in general agreement with previous results, but the measured total gamma-ray energy is about 10% higher. A dependence of the gamma-ray spectrum on the gamma-ray multplicity was also observed. Global model cal- culations of the multiplicity and gamma energy distributions are in good agreement with the data, but predict a slightly softer total-energy distribution.
Membrane properties and monosynaptic retinal excitation of neurons in the turtle accessory optic system.

Kogo, Naoki and Michael Ariel. Membrane properties and monosynaptic retinal excitation of neurons in the turtle accessory optic system. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 614–627, 1997. Using an eye-attached iso...
ExoApp: Performance Evaluation of Data-Intensive Applications on ExoGENI

ExoGENI is a new GENI-federated Infrastructureas- a-Service (IaaS) framework. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of data-intensive applications on ExoGENI's resources. To simplify experiments, we design an automatic provisioning system called ExoApp. This paper focuses on MapReduce-based applications. Users can easily deploy applications in ExoGENI using ExoApp, without having to manually configure cluster runtime environments. We then conduct a series of experiments using real-world data sets and standard benchmarks through ExoApp. Our result shows that ExoGENI demonstrates similar resource quality when hosting data-intensive applications and its Network-as-a-Service (NaaS) model maintains stable network performance. We finally identify the pros and cons of the ExoGENI's NaaS model in supporting data-intensive applications.