cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of carotid intimal-medial thickness as measured by B-mode ultrasonography.

Measurements of intimal-medial thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery by B-mode ultrasonography are widely used as markers of atherosclerosis. This report describes empirical features of these measurements to characterize their distribution within arterial wall segments, to explore their potential as study outcome measures, and to examine their links with traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Sequential transverse measurements of IMT in the carotid arteries were made in 899 participants from the Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Progression Study (ACAPS) at baseline. Data from 17 intrasegment sites in each of 12 arterial wall segments were used to describe patterns of thickness and visualization and to characterize cross-sectional area, severity, and roughness/irregularity by the intrasegment averages, maxima, and SDs of IMT, respectively.Serial correlations of IMT measurements indicated localized and diffuse features of disease. The spatial distribution of IMT had two dominant features: overall ma...
Global Leadership, Capacity for Judgment Integrity, and Acculturized Organizational Knowledge

To overcome the dysfunctional overemphasis on control and pronounced homogeneity of U.S. global leadership teams, the authors advocate a model of individual and collective development of the capacity for judgment integrity in leadership, ethics, and organizational change decisions to better address global behavioral, moral, and change complexity. They next advocate action learning processes that incorporate experience, methods, tools, and cases into organizational training programs so that the asset of acculturized organizational knowledge will capture both explicit, migratory Western knowledge and tacit, embedded non-Western knowledge. Finally, the authors recommend three action steps global leaders can take to enhance organizational capacities that will lead to sustainable global competitive advantage.
Tumor suppressor interactions with microtubules: keeping cell polarity and cell division on track

Tumor suppressor proteins protect cells and tissues from malignant transformation. Among their diverse actions, many of these proteins interact with the microtubule cytoskeleton. This review focuses on the interactions of several tumor suppressors with microtubules and speculates on how disruption of microtubule-dependent processes may contribute to cancer development and spread. We conclude that several tumor suppressors stabilize microtubules and organize microtubule arrays, functions that are likely to be important in preventing tumorigenesis. How tumor suppressors link microtubule stability with cell fate, and how their mutation affects the response of cancer cells to anti-microtubule chemotherapy drugs, remains unclear; these should prove fertile areas for future research.
Impact of lifestyle on prevalence of kidney disease in Pima Indians in Mexico and the United States

Impact of lifestyle on prevalence of kidney disease in Pima Indians in Mexico and the United States. Pima Indians in the United States and Mexico share a common genetic background but have very different lifestyles. Comparisons were made of the frequency of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease in these geographically separated but susceptible populations. Mexican Pimas had higher levels of physical activity, less obesity, and a lower prevalence of diabetes than their US Pima counterparts. Mean blood pressure rose with worsening glucose tolerance, and the prevalence of elevated urinary albumin excretion was higher in patients with diabetes than in those without, regardless of whether they lived in the United States or Mexico. These findings illustrate the importance of lifestyle in the development of diabetes and in the subsequent occurrence of diabetic kidney disease.
Perioperative outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting: effects of metabolic syndrome and patient's sex.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative outcome data related to metabolic syndrome in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of metabolic syndrome in CABG patients and whether its presence or the patient's sex affects postoperative lengths of stay in the intensive care unit and hospital. METHODS: A retrospective observational study in CABG patients. Risk factors from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons' Adult Cardiac Surgery Database were used to categorize patients as having metabolic syndrome. Perioperative outcomes were compared between patients with and without metabolic syndrome and between sexes. Outcomes were based on the operational definitions of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. RESULTS: Among 657 patients, 333 had metabolic syndrome; 63.8% (n = 215) of women and 36.9% (n = 118) of men (P <or= .001). Mean postoperative stays were significantly longer in patients who had metabolic syndrome. Women had longer postoperative stays than did men. Mean postoperative stay for women was 2.7 (SD, 3.4) days in the intensive care unit and 8.2 (SD, 7.1) days in the hospital, compared with 2.0 (SD, 3.8) days in the intensive care unit (P = .01) and 6.6 (SD, 6.8) days in the hospital for men (P = .003). Women with metabolic syndrome also had higher rates of in-hospital death (P = .03). CONCLUSION: Both female patients and patients with metabolic syndrome undergoing CABG surgery are at higher risk for longer postoperative stays. Women with metabolic syndrome are the CABG patients at highest risk for in-hospital death.
A Protective Hsp70-TLR4 Pathway in Lethal Oxidant Lung Injury

Administering high levels of inspired oxygen, or hyperoxia, is commonly used as a life-sustaining measure in critically ill patients. However, prolonged exposures can exacerbate respiratory failure. Our previous study showed that TLR4 confers protection against hyperoxia-induced lung injury and mortality. Hsp70 has potent cytoprotective properties and has been described as a TLR4 ligand in cell lines. We sought to elucidate the relationship between TLR4 and Hsp70 in hyperoxia-induced lung injury in vitro and in vivo and to define the signaling mechanisms involved. Wild-type, TLR4(-/-), and Trif(-/-) (a TLR4 adapter protein) murine lung endothelial cells (MLECs) were exposed to hyperoxia. We found markedly elevated levels of intracellular and secreted Hsp70 from wild-type mice lungs and MLECs after hyperoxia. We confirmed that Hsp70 and TLR4 coimmunoprecipitate in lung tissue and MLECs. Hsp70-mediated NF-κB activation appears to depend upon TLR4. In the absence of TLR4, Hsp70 loses its protective effects in endothelial cells. Furthermore, these protective properties of Hsp70 are TLR4 adapter Trif dependent and MyD88 independent. Hsp70-deficient mice have increased mortality during hyperoxia, and lung-targeted adenoviral delivery of Hsp70 effectively rescues both Hsp70-deficient and wild-type mice. To our knowledge, our studies are the first to define an Hsp70-TLR4-Trif cytoprotective axis in the lung and endothelial cells. This pathway is a potential therapeutic target against a range of oxidant-induced lung injuries.
Body lice and head lice (Anoplura: Pediculidae) have the smallest genomes of any hemimetabolous insect reported to date.

The human body louse, Pediculus humanus humanus L. (Anoplura: Pediculidae), is a vector of several diseases, including louse-borne epidemic typhus, relapsing fever, and trench fever, whereas the head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Anoplura: Pediculidae), is more a pest of social concern. Sequencing of the body louse genome has recently been proposed and undertaken by National Human Genome Research Institute. One of the first steps in understanding an organism's genome is to determine its genome size. Here, using flow cytometry determinations, we present evidence that body louse genome size is 104.7 ± 1.4 Mb for females and 108.3 ± 1.1 Mb for males. Our results suggest that head lice also have a small genome size, of similar size to the body louse. Thus, Pediculus lice have one of the smallest genome sizes known in insects, suggesting it may be a suitable choice as a minimal hemimetabolous genome.
Molecular Structure of the Interphase Formed by Plasma-Polymerized Acetylene Films and Steel Substrates

The molecular structure of the interphase between plasma-polymerized acetylene films and steel substrates was determined using in situ reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma-polymerized acetylene films were deposited onto polished steel substrates using argon as a carrier gas and inductively coupled, radio frequency (RF)-powered plasma reactors that were interfaced directly to the XPS and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. RAIR showed that the plasma polymerized films contained large numbers of methyl and methylene groups but only a small number of mono substituted acetylene groups, indicating that there was substantial rearrangement of the monomer molecules during plasma polymerization. Bands were observed near 1020 and 855 cm−1 in the RAIR spectra that were attributed to skeletal stretching vibrations in C–C–O–Fe groups, indicating that the plasma-polymerized films interacted with the substrate through formation of alkoxide bon...
Embryology of Sexual Structure and Hermaphroditism1

Introduction THIS SECTION embodies a brief account of embryonic development of the reproductive organs but does not contain the complete details of embryonic sexual development. Detailed descriptions and controversial matters are avoided or minimized as much as possible. This embryological material, it is hoped, will aid in the understanding of the discussion of hermaphroditism, particularly the how and why in the development of the genital abnormalities. It is also hoped that the embryological material will aid in the comprehension of later development and function of the testes. NORMAL EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT THE INDIFFERENT STAGE. The primordia or anlagen of the future sexual structures of both sexes are present in every early embryo. The development of sexual structures up to a certain point is essentially identical in all embryos whether they are to differentiate as males or females. During these early stages when sexual structures are characteristic of neither sex, but rather of both sexes, the embryo...
LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF POST-HEPARIN PLASMA IN HYPERGLYCERIDEMIA.

SUMMARY A standard assay has been developed for the lipolytic activity of post-heparin plasma permitting rate measurements with zero order kinetics over wide ranges of enzymatic activity and concentrations of plasma glycerides. Measurements were made in 60 subjects with hyperglyceridemia, 18 of whom had been further subclassified by dietary studies into either fatinduced or carbohydrate-induced types. Activity in the majority of subjects with hyperglyceridemia, including all of the carbohydrate-induced type, was equal to or greater than that found in normal subjects. Subjects with fat-induced hyperglyceridemia, with one exception, and some of their relatives had abnormally low values. The level of activity in both normal and hyperglyceridemic subjects was uniformly dependent upon prior dietary fat intake.
Mining graph patterns in the protein-RNA interfaces

Protein-RNA interactions play important roles in the biological systems. The goal of this study is to discover structural patterns in the protein-RNA interfaces that contribute the affinity of the interactions. We represented known protein-RNA interfaces using graphs and then identify common subgraphs enriched in the interfaces. Comparison of the discovered graph patterns with UniProt annotations showed that the graph patterns had a significant overlap with residue sites that had been proven by experimental methods to be crucial for RNA bindings. Using 200 patterns as input features, a Support Vector Machine method was able to classify protein surface patches into RNA-binding sites and non-RNA-biding sites with 84.0% accuracy and 88.9% precision. We built a simple scoring function that calculated the total number of the graph patterns that occurred in a protein-RNA interface. That scoring function was able to discriminate near native protein-RNA complexes from docking decoys with a performance comparable with a state-of-the-art complex scoring function.
Generalized Folding Algorithm for Transient Analysis of Finite QBD Processes and Its Queueing Applications

In this paper we propose and implement a generalized Folding-algorithm for the transient analysis of finite QBD processes. It is a numerical method for the direct computation of xP= a where P is the QBD generator matrix in block tri-diagonal form. Define the QBD state space in two dimensions with N phases and K levels, so that \(P \in {{R}^{{NK \times NK}}}andx,a \in {{R}^{{J \times NK}}},\forall J\). The time complexity of the algorithm for solving x P = a is the greater of O(N 3 log2 K) and O(N 2 KJ). The algorithm is found to be highly stable with superior error performance. In numerical studies we analyze the transient performance of MMPP/M/1 queueing system with finite buffer capacity. The MMPP arrival process is constructed to reflect the diversity of the second-order input statistics. We examine the effect of the second-order input statistics on transient queueing performance.
Early Functional Results of Bi-Cruciate Stabilised Knee System in Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared with Posterior Stabilised Implant

The study is a prospective series of the functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a novel bi-cruciate stabilizing prosthesis (BCS TKA) compared to a Posterior stabilized (PS) TKA. Between 2008 and 2012, 63 BCS TKA were performed on 56 patients (71 knees) and 54 patients underwent 56 PS TKA with a primary diagnosis of degenerative osteoarthritis, all performed by a single surgeon. Patients completed the Short-Form 12 and WOMAC Index questionnaires pre-operatively and post-operatively at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years with range of motion determined in the office setting. Regarding the BCS knees, significant improvements in post-operative range of motion were noted, and results of the WOMAC pain component were promising at all intervals tested. However, measures of overall knee function including the WOMAC physical function and stiffness scores in addition to Knee Society Functional Scores saw a slight decline during the second post-operative year. Results from the PS knee implants showed similar trends, and no statistically significant differences were found between the two cohorts throughout functional follow-up; however the ranges of motions appear to be increased in the BCS knee cohort.
Phase Field Approach to Transformations Involving Concurrent Nucleation and Growth

A model is developed that is capable of simulating simultaneous nucleation, growth, and coarsening. Growth and coarsening are simulated with a 2-D Phase Field model and nucleation is simulated by a stochastic algorithm. The actual nucleation events are simulated by placing ordered particles in the matrix, according to the local supersaturation, with the mean rate of introduction matching that of the nucleation rate. The nucleation rates are input parameters that could, for example, be supplied by experiment or atomistic modeling. Isothermal results for this model under conditions approaching constant nucleation show excellent agreement with the Johnson-Mehl- Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) theory of isothermal transformations involving nucleation and growth. Because the Phase Field simulation is interrupted in order to put particles in, problems can arise due to the mismatch of the assumed diffusion field about the nucleating particles and that would be obtained as a result of growth. This can lead to numerical instabilities as the simulation parameters are adjusted to approach the site saturation extreme as well as underestimating the transformation rate by a small transient time. Preliminary step quench results showed the method to be stable enough to simulate non-isothermal transformations with a series of step quench operations.
Quantification of sewer leakage by a continuous tracer method.

Water authorities interested in the evaluation of the structural state of a sewer must quantify leakage to plan strategic intervention. However, the quantification of the exfiltration and the localisation of structural damage are challenging tasks that usually require expensive and time-consuming inspections. Herein, we report one of the first applications of the QUEST-C method to quantify the exfiltration in a continuously operating sewer by dosing two chemical tracers, sodium bromide (NaBr) and lithium chloride (LiCl). The method was applied at the catchment scale in a 14-year-old sewer in Rome, Italy. Preliminary laboratory tests, field measurements, and numerical simulations showed that reliable results require the QUEST-C method to be applied to sewers without lateral inflows, during periods of quasi-steady flow, and that the travel time of the NaBr tracer is minimised. Three sewer reaches were tested and the estimated exfiltration, as a fraction of the dry weather flow (DWF), increased from 0.128 in the agricultural area to 0.208 in the urban area. Although our estimates are at the lower end of the range given in the literature (0.01–0.56 DWF), the exfiltration was not negligible, and interventions should focus on the sewers in urban areas. This illustrates the capability of the QUEST-C method to guide strategic intervention at low cost and without an interruption of sewer operation. However, careful interpretation of the results is recommended for sewers with many lateral inflows, where leakage may be overestimated.
Action of Certain Chemosterilants on Males of the Large Milkweed Bug

Tretamine, topically applied in acetone solution, sterilized male Oncopellus fascialus (Dallas) with little effect on longevity, spermatogenesis, or mating. Tepa also was effective but more toxic; hempa was inert even at 1000 mg/kg; and the bis- and mono-aziridinyl analogues were intermediate both in toxicity and sterilant action. Metepa was a relatively nontoxic sterilant at 1000 mg/kg. A 60-day test at 30° with varying dosages of tretamine gave about 30% overall sterilization at 5 mg/kg, 50% at 10, and over 90% at 20. The effect was most intense during the first 15 days after treatment (100% sterility at both 10 and 20 mg/kg), then some males showed partial recovery of fertility. The ratio of apparently unfertilized eggs to fertilized eggs increased as tretamine dosage was increased, suggesting some reduction of spermatogenesis or mating as males grew older.
Acquired capability and masculine gender norm adherence: Potential pathways to higher rates of male suicide.

The interpersonal theory posits that to die by suicide a person must be fearless of death and able to tolerate the physical pain involved in suicide. This capability for suicide is acquired via repeated exposure to painful and provocative life events and has been proposed as a potential mechanism by
Penicillin Sensitivity of Strains of Non-hemolytic Streptococci Isolated from Gases of Sub-acute Bacterial Endocarditis

ConclusionsWith occasional exceptions strains of non-hemolytic streptococci isolated from cases of sub-acute bacterial endocarditis are sensitive to penicillin in vitro. The degree of sensitivity is approximately the same as that shown by strains of staphylococci isolated from human infections but is not as great as that exhibited by hemolytic streptococci. The degree of sensitivity of any particular strain does not correspond with the cultural or serological properties of the strain. In the treatment of each individual case, the sensitivity of the infecting strain should be determined as a guide to appropriate therapy.
Fluid Orality in the Discourse of Japanese Popular Culture

This volume invites the reader into the world of pragmatic and discourse studies in Japanese popular culture. Through “character-speak”, the book analyzes quoted speech in light (graphic) novels, the effeminate onee kotoba in talk shows, narrative character in keetai (mobile phone) novels, floating whispers in manga, and fictionalized dialects in television drama series. Explorations into conversational interaction, internal monologue, rhetorical figures, intertextuality, and the semiotic mediation between verbal and visual signs reveal how speakers manipulate language in performing playful “characters” and “characteristics”. Most prominent in the discourse of Japanese popular culture is its “fluid orality”. We find the essential oral nature in and across genres of Japanese popular culture, and observe seamless transitions among styles and speech variations. This fluidity is understood as a feature of polyphonic speech initiated not by the so-called ideal singular speaker, but by a multiple and often shifting interplay of one’s speaking selves performing as various characters. Challenging traditional (Western) linguistic theories founded on the concept of the autonomous speaker, this study ventures into open and embracing pragmatic and discourse studies that inquire into the very nature of our speaking selves.
Grey Related Degree Analysis and Prediction Model of Pear Growth

Based on growth and development data of Yali pear at different years,the grey related degree analysis and G(0,m)prediction model were carried out.The results showed that the number of fruit of yali was the most important factor to determine fruit yield among different factors of trees.The amount of branch was effectively predicted by increment of trunk circumference,tree high and branch width,and yield by fruit number and per fruit weight.The grey prediction model was good after checking,thus,it suggested that these characteristics had close correlation.
Survey report analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus pollution in food in Wenzhou

Objective:Understood VP pollution condition in food in Wenzhou,the preliminary determination is possible to pollute VP high danger food,provides the scientific basis for the food poisoning monitor and provides the basis for food security risk appraised.Methods:Refers to GB/T4789.7-2003 to carry on VP separation,the biochemistry appraisal to the sample[1].Results:The examination raw meat(cow,sheep,chicken,pig),the cooked meat product,the aquatic product(including sea water fish,fresh water fish),cold dish altogether four kinds of samples 494,pick out VP 75 bacteria,picking out rate 15.2%;In four kinds of foods the VP Positive rate is the highest that is the aquatic product(20%).In aquatic product different sample pickingout rate: The shrimp 31.11%,the shell 21.88%,the crab 16.67%,the fish 12.20%,in each kind of food in September VP picking out rate is highest.Conclusion:In Lucheng,Ouhai and Dongtou County of Wenzhou each kind of food VP pollution degree has no statistical significance,the shell,the shrimp aquatic product is higher than the fish and the crab in Vibrio parahaemolyticus pollution.
Research progress and prospect of FACTS coordinated control

The examples and analysis methods of interactions among flexible AC transmission system(FACTS) controllers are surveyed.The current proposed methods for coordinated control of FACTS devices are presented,and divided into linear control methods,non-linear control methods and intelligent control methods.The advantages and disadvantages are analyzed briefly.The applications of WAMS in coordinated control are introduced,and the approaches of dealing with signal delay in wide area measurement system(WAMS) are reviewed.Finally,the existing flaws in current research of FACTS coordinated control are pointed out,as well as the future work.WAMS-based coordinated control among FACTS controllers is one of the directions of FACTS development in China.
LCu(μ-X)2CuL compounds: An induced cuprophilic interaction

Abstract A trio of dimeric copper(I) complexes of the formula [(Ph3P)Cu(μ-X)2Cu(PPh3)] (X = OC6F5, 1, OC4F9, 2, OCPh(CF3)2, 3) were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 19F, 31P), as was the monomeric [(cy3P)Cu(OC4F9)] (cy = cyclohexyl, 4). Solution conductivity studies demonstrate that all three new dinuclear compounds, as well as the known [(Ph3P)Cu(μ-OC4H9)2Cu(PPh3)], 2-H, are neutral species in solution and do not rearrange into ion pairs. The fold angle (β) varies among these four dimers and the Cu(I)⋯Cu(I) distance in the structure of 2, 2.8315(5) A, is cuprophilic. The Cu(I)⋯Cu(I) distances for 1, 2-H, and 3 are 3.0533(5), 2.890(2), and 3.0169(6) A respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on 1, 2, 3, and 2-H, as well as the hypothetical 1-H, and several related models. Five PMe3 models, 1(Me), 1-H(Me), 2(Me), 2-H(Me), and 3(Me) were also studied as well as five monomers [(Me3P)CuX] 1-mon, 1-H(mon), 2-mon, 2-H(mon), and 3-mon to understand the electronic reasons for folding in this group of compounds. A Natural Energy Decomposition Analysis (NEDA) indicates that electrostatic stabilizations are the dominant factor governing the strength of interaction between monomeric fragments in 1(Me)–3(Me). NBO analysis reveals that 1(Me) and 1-H(Me) do not display any cuprophilic interactions. The folding angle observed in 2(Me), 2-H(Me), and 3(Me), which is correlated with an increased delocalization from the oxygen 2pz lone pairs, brings the metal centers into sufficient propinquity to have weak Cu⋯Cu orbital interactions. Weak luminescence behavior at room-temperature is also consistent with these assignments.
Design of a physiologic pulsatile flow cardiopulmonary bypass system for neonates and infants

Cardiopulmonary bypass surgical techniques that allow a surgeon to operate on the infant's heart use an extracorporeal circuit consisting of a pump, oxygenator, arterial and venous reservoirs, cannulae, an arterial filter, and tubing. The extracorporeal technique currently used in infants and neonates is sometimes associated with neurologic damage. We are developing a modified cardiopulmonary bypass system for neonates that has been tested in vitro and in one animal in vivo. Unlike other extracorporeal circuits which use steady flow, this system utilizes pulsatile flow, a low prime volume (500 ml) and a closed circuit. During in vitro experiments, the pseudo patient's mean arterial pressure was kept constant at 40 mmHg and the extracorporeal circuit pressure did not exceed a mean pressure of 200 mmHg. In our single in vivo experiment, the primary objective was to determine whether physiologic pulsatility with a 10 F (3.3 mm) aortic cannula could be achieved. The results suggest that this is possible.
On Psychopaths and Moral Enhancement

Dietmar Hubner and Lucie White (2016) argue that treating psychopathy does not medically benefit a psychopath, and because of this conclude that deep brain stimulation (DBS) designed to change the ...
A portable fluorescent sensing system using multiple LEDs

This paper presents a portable fluorescent sensing system that utilizes different light emitting diode (LED) excitation lights for multiple target detection. In order to identify different analytes, three different wavelengths (385 nm, 448 nm, and 590 nm) of excitation light emitting diodes were used to selectively stimulate the target analytes. A highly sensitive silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) was used to detect corresponding fluorescent signals from each analyte. Based on the unique fluorescent response of each analyte, it is possible to simultaneously differentiate one analyte from the other in a mixture of target analytes. A portable system was designed and fabricated consisting of a display module, battery, data storage card, and sample loading tray into a compact 3D-printed jig. The portable sensor system was demonstrated for quantification and differentiation of microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) and cyanobacteria (Spirulina) by measuring fluorescent responses of chlorophyll a in microalgae and phycocyanin in cyanobacteria. Obtained results suggest that the developed portable sensor system could be used as a generic fluorescence sensor platform for on-site detection of multiple analytes of interest.
DeepMood: Forecasting Depressed Mood Based on Self-Reported Histories via Recurrent Neural Networks

Depression is a prevailing issue and is an increasing problem in many people's lives. Without observable diagnostic criteria, the signs of depression may go unnoticed, resulting in high demand for detecting depression in advance automatically. This paper tackles the challenging problem of forecasting severely depressed moods based on self-reported histories. Despite the large amount of research on understanding individual moods including depression, anxiety, and stress based on behavioral logs collected by pervasive computing devices such as smartphones, forecasting depressed moods is still an open question. This paper develops a recurrent neural network algorithm that incorporates categorical embedding layers for forecasting depression. We collected large-scale records from 2,382 self-declared depressed people to conduct the experiment. Experimental results show that our method forecast the severely depressed mood of a user based on self-reported histories, with higher accuracy than SVM. The results also showed that the long-term historical information of a user improves the accuracy of forecasting depressed mood.
Use of Short Message Service and Smartphone Applications in the Management of Surgical Patients: A Systematic Review

Abstract Background: Mobile health and telemedicine are rapidly evolving fields used to provide healthcare remotely to patients. For surgical patients, telemedicine can improve patient education an...
Mental health risk and resilience among climate scientists

Awareness of the threats to mental health posed by climate change leads to questions about the potential impacts on climate scientists because they are immersed in depressing information and may face apathy, denial and even hostility from others. But they also have sources of resilience.
Branching and alignment in reverse worm-like micelles studied with simultaneous dielectric spectroscopy and RheoSANS

Topology and branching play an important but poorly understood role in controlling the mechanical and flow properties of worm-like micelles (WLMs). To address the challenge of characterizing branching during flow of WLMs, dielectric spectroscopy, rheology, and small-angle neutron scattering (dielectric RheoSANS) experiments are performed simultaneously to measure the concurrent evolution of conductivity, permittivity, stress, and segmental anisotropy of reverse WLMs under steady-shear flow. Reverse WLMs are microemulsions comprised of the phospholipid surfactant lecithin dispersed in oil with water solubilized in the micelle core. Their electrical properties are independently sensitive to the WLM topology and dynamics. To isolate the effects of branching, dielectric RheoSANS is performed on WLMs in n-decane, which show fast breakage times and exhibit a continuous branching transition for water-to-surfactant ratios above the corresponding maximum in zero-shear viscosity. The unbranched WLMs in n-decane exhibit only subtle decreases in their electrical properties under flow that are driven by chain alignment and structural anisotropy in the plane perpendicular to the electric field and incident neutron beam. These results are in qualitative agreement with additional measurements on a purely linear WLM system in cyclohexane despite differences in breakage kinetics and a stronger tendency for the latter to shear band. In contrast, the branched micelles in n-decane (higher water content) undergo non-monotonic changes in permittivity and more pronounced decreases in conductivity under flow. The combined steady-shear electrical and microstructural measurements are capable, for the first time, of resolving branch breaking at low shear rates prior to alignment-driven anisotropy at higher shear rates.
Complex Rectourinary and Vesicoperineal Fistulas

The management and reconstruction of complex rectourinary and vesicoperineal fistulas are some of the most difficult problems to deal with in Urology. To decide on the proper management of such fistulas, a detailed knowledge of the fistula etiology, integrity of the anal and external urethral sphincters, functional status of the bladder, extent of rectal radiation damage, size and location of the urinary fistula, and the overall performance and nutritional status of the patient is needed. Few surgeons have had a large experience with such fistulas, and this is why there is no clear standard surgical repair approach. Treatment needs to be tailored to the specifics of the fistula, the etiology, and the patient. Fistulas that result from radiation therapy are more complex and more difficult to reconstruct than those developing after other forms of treatment, with the frequent concomitant problems of urinary and fecal incontinence, and/or urethral strictures. Small, non-radiated fistulas often are successfully managed by the transanal or York-Mason approach. Complex fistulas that are large, or of radiation or cryotherapy etiology, are often best managed either by primary repair, buttressed with a gracilis interposition flap, or by proctectomy and colo-anal pull through, or supravescial urinary diversion. Here-in we have detailed the varying surgical methods for fistula repair, as well as for salvage.
A qualitative analysis of clinical decompensation in the surgical patient: Perceptions of nurses and physicians.

Abstract Background There is little knowledge on how health care providers individually interpret and communicate early warning signs to other providers. The aim of the study described here was to qualitatively assess the similarities and differences in how nurses and physicians perceive early warning signs that potentially predict clinical decompensation, changes in clinical acuity in surgical patients, and need for escalation of care. Methods Ethnographic interviews were conducted with nurses, surgical residents, and attending surgeons on an acute care medical–surgical unit. Constant comparative analysis was used to analyze and draw conclusions from the interview data. Results There were many areas of strong agreement across all care providers including the same data analyzed, importance of temporal trends, and lower acuity level for an established patient. However, physicians differed from nurses in that their primary indicator of patient stability was their level of confidence in the current diagnosis. Nurses, however, deemed patients to be stable only when their symptoms resolved. Other differences were the methods and frequency they used to monitor unstable patients. Conclusion Differences in the type of communication and clinician's mental models of acuity and stability could lead to coordination failures and adverse events. Understanding and addressing these differences has the potential to improve outcomes.
The Impact of Absorptive Capacity onto Customer Participation in New Product Development: An Abstract

Our specific focus in this paper is on customer participation in the NPD process (i.e., customer involvement as co-developers). Within this collaborative NPD process, customers are engaged in idea generation, selecting various attributes of a new product offering, and acting as co-developers of new products and services (Fang 2008). Our research contends that customer participation’s effectiveness in regard to new product performance and commercializing innovative new products is dependent on the level of absorptive capacity (ACAP) of the firm. ACAP is a dynamic capability that can help utilize the firm’s knowledge structure to acquire, transform, assimilate, and exploit external knowledge and apply it to commercial means (Zahra and George 2002). Substantively, we suggest that without a high level of ACAP, customer participation in NPD is rendered wholly ineffective in regard to the innovativeness and performance of new products.
A comparison between whole transcript and 3’ RNA sequencing methods using Kapa and Lexogen library preparation methods

3’ RNA sequencing provides an alternative to whole transcript analysis. However, we do not know a priori the relative advantage of each method. Thus, a comprehensive comparison between the whole transcript and the 3′ method is needed to determine their relative merits. To this end, we used two commercially available library preparation kits, the KAPA Stranded mRNA-Seq kit (traditional method) and the Lexogen QuantSeq 3’ mRNA-Seq kit (3′ method), to prepare libraries from mouse liver RNA. We then sequenced and analyzed the libraries to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches. We found that the traditional whole transcript method and the 3’ RNA-Seq method had similar levels of reproducibility. As expected, the whole transcript method assigned more reads to longer transcripts, while the 3′ method assigned roughly equal numbers of reads to transcripts regardless of their lengths. We found that the 3’ RNA-Seq method detected more short transcripts than the whole transcript method. With regard to differential expression analysis, we found that the whole transcript method detected more differentially expressed genes, regardless of the level of sequencing depth. The 3’ RNA-Seq method was better able to detect short transcripts, while the whole transcript RNA-Seq was able to detect more differentially expressed genes. Thus, both approaches have relative advantages and should be selected based on the goals of the experiment.
A Quantitative Metric for the Design of Selective Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Lithium from Geothermal Brine.

As demand grows for lithium, its recovery from geothermal brines provides an attractive alternative to slow mining. One promising extraction method uses crown ethers as extractants in supercritical carbon dioxide with cation exchangers to facilitate extraction from brine. Molecular dynamics modeling is used to understand the mechanism of binding between lithium (or sodium) and combinations of 14-crown-4 ethers and cation exchangers, and the predictive capability of computational modeling to test lithium selectivity is established for four combinations of crown ethers [methylene-14-crown-4 (M14C4) and a fluorinated 14-crown-4 (F14C4)] and cation exchangers [di(2-ethyl-hexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and tetraethylammonium perfluoro-1-octanesulfonate (TPFOS)]. Binding free energies (given in kcal mol-1 ) of lithium and sodium, respectively, to crown ether-cation exchangers are 85 and 71 for M14C4-HDEHP, 90 and 71 for F14C4-HDEHP, 93 and 80 for M14C4-TPFOS, and 104 and 93 for F14C4-TPFOS. Good agreement is found between computational predictions and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction experiments at 60 °C and 250 bar. Binding free energy gives a suitable metric to describe extraction efficiency. Differences in the binding free energies of sodium and lithium to crown ethers determine the extraction selectivity. Fluorine groups are found to exert a positive influence to optimize extraction efficiency. Of the systems studied, F14C4 with TPFOS offers the most selective and efficient extraction system.
School Climate and Administration

Many of the strategies that have been suggested to help schools cope with school disorder have to do with how a school is run. The theoretical work done in preparation for the Safe School Study (Williams, Moles, & Boesel, 1975) implied that attitudes, beliefs, and values; school govern­ance and administration; the ways in which rules are applied and formulated; school educational orientations; and grading practices are all potentially important. The development of the instruments used in the Safe School Study was guided by these speculations and by theoretical work by Spady (1974), Polk and Schafer (1972), and Hirschi (1969). As a consequence, the Safe School Study survey instruments collected a broad range of information pertinent to the evaluation of these speculations. This chapter summarizes research on the dimensions of school climate and administration, and it examines the relations of these dimensions to school disorder.
[How to optimize β-blocker therapy in heart failure patients complicating with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?]

心血管疾病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是全球医疗界两大主要健康问题，而共患病则进一步增加了二者的严重程度和病死率。我国心血管病防治工作在取得初步成效的同时，又面临着新的挑战。我国有大量的高血压、冠心病、糖尿病患者，加之人口老龄化问题日益严重，使得我国心力衰竭（心衰）危险人群数量众多。目前，我国心衰患病率估计已达1.3%，至少有1 000万例心衰患者，已经成为全球心衰患者人数最多的国家之一。在心衰患者中，COPD的发病率和患病率较高。吸烟是二者共同的危险因素，同时二者还具有共同的潜在危险因素，如衰老和低度全身性炎症等。但在药物治疗方面，心衰和COPD却存在一定的冲突，如β(2)受体激动剂是COPD患者常用的一种支气管解痉药物，但对心血管系统却有一定的不良影响；另一方面，尽管心衰患者可从β受体阻滞剂治疗中获益，但临床上往往顾虑其对呼吸系统的不良影响而减少了在合并COPD患者中的合理使用。该文就β受体阻滞剂在心衰合并COPD的患者中的应用作一论述。.
A Selective Review of Milieu Interventions for Adults with Severe Intellectual Disabilities

This paper considers milieu training (MT) as a communication treatment for adults with severe intellectual disabilities. The paper seeks the following answers: (1) What is MT? (2) How does current research inform the MT knowledge base? and (3) Is MT a viable treatment option for adults with severe intellectual disabilities challenged by communication impairments? Research describes MT as a viable treatment option for young children with communication and language impairments. Specifically, MT has been applied with fidelity to several populations demonstrating emergent communication and language disabilities. The literature, however, suggests that recommendations regarding optimal treatment dosage remain unclear. Limited findings identify MT as a potential treatment for adults with a severe disability who present limited communicative abilities. MT is an established treatment for communication impairment in young children with language disabilities and has potential applications for adults with severe intellectual disabilities. Future research should focus on efficacy studies designed to examine MT with this population.
General approach to the cavernous sinus

The initial position of the patient is as for the pterional approach [55], the patient lying supine with head fixed in the Mayfield tripoint fixator. In order to expose the fronto-temporal region on the side of the lesion in the CS, the head is rotated by about 35 degrees in the opposite direction to the lesion (Fig. 66). The skin incision curves from the ear to the intersection of the midline with the hairline whereby the concavity of the curve faces anteriorly towards the eye (Fig. 66). The skin flap together with the subcutaneous layer is pulled down frontally over the edge of the orbit and dissected to the orbital margin (Fig. 68). The muscle flap is formed by an incision in the muscle close to its attachment to the bone, running from the junction of the zygoma and the orbital margin posteriorly to the end of the exposed muscle and along its edge caudally towards the ear (Fig. 68). The insertion of the muscle is preserved on the bone whereas the lateral part of the muscle flap is elevated and fixed with hooks laterally. Using a raspatory, periosteum is detached from the orbital margin at the corner where the zygoma and the orbital margin join (Fig. 69). Trephination is carried out in three points: at the site of the junction of the zygoma and the orbit, temporally, and fronto-temporo-parietally. The trephination hole in the front is placed so as to enable the orbit and the cranium to be opened at the same time (Fig. 70). Using an electric saw, the bone is cut between the first and the second burr hole (Fig. 70). From the first burr hole a 3 cm long cut is made lateromedially. This is done as anteriorly as possible so that the remaining orbital margin is approximately 3–4 mm wide.
Extreme Stock Market Performers, Part IV: Can Observable Characteristics Forecast Outcomes?

Identifying characteristics that can be measured objectively and that successfully predict extreme stock market outcomes is challenging. Nevertheless, the data indicate that some statistically significant patterns existed during the decades from 1960 to 2019. Firms with the highest decade-horizon stock market returns tended to be younger, had larger draw-downs the prior decade, and had higher prior-decade R&D spending, as compared to more typical firms. Firms with the worst decade-horizon stock market returns tended to be more levered at the end of the prior decade, were less profitable and had lower R&D spending during the prior decade, and had more volatile prior-decade stocks returns, as compared to more typical firms.
Encrypting Information with an All-Dielectric Bistable Metasurface

We report an all-dielectric metasurface exhibiting strong optical bistable behavior in the near infrared regime. We show that such a metasurface can be used for concealing optical information through the bistable states.
Discussion and Recommendations

The function of an FDA, Bureau of Drugs Advisory Committee is to provide recommendations that will assist the Agency in making regulatory decisions. Agenda items presented to a Committee are accompanied by questions designed to elicit well-defined responses regarding specific Agency concerns.
Design, characterization, and intracellular trafficking of biofunctionalized chitosan nanomicelles

The hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC) nanomicelle has received increasing attention as a promising platform for the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. To improve the tumor selectivity of HGC, here an avidin and biotin functionalization strategy was applied. The hydrodynamic diameter of the biotin-avidin-functionalized HGC (cy5.5-HGC-B4F) was observed to be 104.7 nm, and the surface charge was +3.1 mV. Confocal and structured illumination microscopy showed that at 0.1 mg/ml, cy5.5-HGC-B4F nanomicelles were distributed throughout the cytoplasm of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells after 2 h of exposure without significant cytotoxicity. To better understand the intracellular fate of the nanomicelles, entrapment studies were performed and demonstrated that some cy5.5-HGC-B4F nanomicelles were capable of escaping endocytic vesicles, likely via the proton sponge effect. Quantitative analysis of the movements of endosomes in living cells revealed that the addition of HGC greatly enhanced the motility of endosomal compartments, and the nanomicelles were transported by early and late endosomes from cell periphery to the perinuclear region. Our results validate the importance of using live-cell imaging to quantitatively assess the dynamics and mechanisms underlying the complex endocytic pathways of nanosized drug carriers.
Public Interest Comment on the Council on Environmental Quality’s Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: Update to the Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act

This comment makes recommendations for how the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) could improve its data collection methods, how to use those data to enhance retrospective review of National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) regulations, and how to align its procedural provisions for implementing NEPA with regulatory best practices such as benefit-cost analysis. The George Washington University Regulatory Studies Center improves regulatory policy through research, education, and outreach. As part of its mission, the Center conducts careful and independent analyses to assess rulemaking proposals from the perspective of the public interest. This comment on CEQ's Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) for updating the regulations for implementing the procedures of NEPA does not represent the views of any particular affected party or special interest, but is designed to evaluate the effect of CEQ’s proposal on overall consumer welfare. This comment reflects the views of the author and does not represent an official position of the GW Regulatory Studies Center or the George Washington University.