cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social wholes and parts

parts. Precisely the same notes or words can, simultaneously, be used to compose two different tunes or poems, by restructuring them in different ways. The point about spatially locatable items is that at any one time they in fact do have one set of structural relations that hold between them and not another, whereas in the case of a-spatial entities, there is no restriction on the number of different structural relations that can hold between the same items at one time. The same notes can, at the same time, be structured in two different ways so they compose two different
Children of Sudan: The Fight for a Future

Throughout generations Sudan has been plagued with the violence of war, the rampant spread of disease, and the violation of human rights. At the heart of this conflict lie the children of Sudan who suffer the consequences in profound ways. This article explores various issues that children in Sudan face and discusses the key initiatives, of which the provision of education is one that is regarded as being essential to the survival of future generations. In January 2011 the Sudanese people of southern Sudan voted to claim independence from their northern counterpart. This article also examines future implications and the hopes for this new nation and Southern Sudanese children.
The SSRL injector kickers

The kicker units for injection and ejection at the new Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) injector synchrotron are built from two kicker modules driven by compact in-air delay line thyratron pulsers. The kickers have an aperture of 25 mm*60 mm. The injection kicker is 60 cm long (30 cm each module) and bends the 150-MeV electron beam by 42 mrad during injection. The extraction kicker module is 120 m long (60 cm each module) and bends the 3-GeV beam by 4 mrad for extraction. The pulsers produce current pulses on the order of 900A with a fall time of 200 ns for injection, a rise time of 260 ns for extraction, and a pulse length (rise plus flat top time) of 400 ns. >
Effects of Two Scientific Inquiry Professional Development Interventions on Teaching Practice

In this article, we examine classroom observations from a 3-year large-scale randomized trial in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD) to investigate the extent to which a professional development initiative in inquiry science influenced teaching practices in in 4th and 5th grade classrooms in 73 schools. During the course of the study, LAUSD introduced an additional districtwide scientific inquiry professional development initiative, which complicates the experimental analysis but allows us to conduct a quasiexperimental analysis of the second Multilevel models predicting the presence of science inquiry in observed classroom lessons show that both interventions increased the incidence of inquiry-based science teaching, but the impact was limited to selected features of the inquiry process. We also found that the experimental impacts on teaching practice correspond with the features of scientific inquiry to which the teachers were most frequently exposed during the professional development.
Use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Study the Effects of Ethanol Consumption on Liver Metabolism and Pathology

The application of NMR spectroscopy to studies of intact organs represents a powerful technology applicable for investigations of alcohol-induced liver disease in animal models. NMR-assisted studies of ethanol metabolism and its related pathology are now possible utilizing the 13C and 31P nuclei primarily. The major advantage of the technology includes the capacity to investigate biochemical processes at the level of the intact organ which is analyzed as a perfused preparation or in situ in an anesthetized animal model. Quantitative measurements of compounds containing either 31P or 13C nuclei are possible, and the kinetics of precursor incorporation into compounds associated with carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism are readily followed. The concentrations of free Mg2+ and the pH of the intact liver can be monitored as a function of external perturbation and/or metabolic disturbances.
Unsolved Mysteries in Membrane Traffic

AbstractRemarkable strides have been made over the past 20 years in elucidating the molecular basis of membrane trafficking (1). Indeed, a combination of biochemical and genetic approaches have determined the identity and function of many of the core constituents needed for protein secretion and endocytosis. But much remains to be learned. This review highlights underlying themes in membrane traffic to help us refocus and solve many remaining and newly emerging issues that are fundamental to mammalian cell biology and human physiology.
Decline of the Migratory Form in Bull Charr, Salvelinus Confluentus , and Implications for Conservation

Large-bodied, migratory life history forms of bull charr, Salvelinus confluentus, were historically abundant in northwestern North America, but many remaining populations of this now-threatened species presently persist as small-bodied residents isolated in headwater streams. We examined whether the migratory form has been lost from headwater populations of bull charr and their potential for re-establishment. Upstream and downstream movement of bull charr and other salmonids from three tributary populations in the Bitterroot River drainage, Montana, was measured with weirs over a 17-month period. The migratory life history was rare or absent in two tributaries but still present at a low level in a third. In contrast, substantial numbers (n = 1745) of juvenile and adults of other salmonids (brown trout, Salmo trutta, cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarki, and mountain whitefish, Prosopium williamsoni) were captured near tributary mouths, indicating a migratory life history was common in other species. Apparent decline of the migratory life history in bull charr was not directly related to damming suggesting other downstream mortality factors (predation, temperature) also are involved. Isolated, nonmigratory forms have increased risk of extinction, and restoration of the population connectivity via the re-establishment of migratory stocks is an important conservation goal for bull charr recovery. However, the factors governing migratory tendency remain unclear.
Maturational changes in responses of tissue and airway resistance to histamine

Dreshaj, Ismail A., Musa A. Haxhiu, Charles F. Potter, Faton H. Agani, and Richard J. Martin. Maturational changes in responses of tissue and airway resistance to histamine. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4)...
Authentication-Myths and Misconceptions

There is a mantra telling us that authentication is difficult. The failure to design robust authentication protocols is commonly attributed to a lack of good design strategies, and to a lack of verification tools. This paper tells the story of entity authentication arguing that clarity is more important than precision, and that formal methods sometimes even add to the confusion about the meaning of ‘authentication’. Verifying claimed identities translates into checking whether a party is alive, or into checking the identity of the party at the other end of a connection. Correspondence properties can capture both aspects, obscuring an important distinction.
Surgically Treated Pediatric Nonpapillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

Introduction This study aims to update outcomes and predictors of survival on pediatric thyroid carcinoma, specifically examining pediatric patients with nonpapillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent surgical resection. Methods Surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database were searched for pediatric cases ( Results A total of 493 cases were identified. The overall incidence was 0.096/100,000 persons per year. The mean age at diagnosis was 15 years and highest incidence was found in whites, females, and patients aged 15 to 19 years. Most patients had localized (60%) or regional disease (35%) and only 38% received radiation (any type). Subtotal/total thyroidectomy was the most common procedure performed (83%) and 47% had lymph node sampling. The most common histologies were follicular (54%) and medullary (28%). Most tumors were > 2cm in size (63%). Overall 30-year survival was 91% but higher for females (94%, p = 0.02) and for local disease (92%). Disease-specific survival was highest for those with no lymph node sampling and negative lymph nodes. On multivariate analysis for medullary type only stage was an independent prognostic indicator of survival. Gender, age, tumor size, histology, and disease extent were not associated with an increased risk of mortality. Conclusions Incidence of pediatric nonpapillary thyroid cancer is low. Females have a higher incidence but similar survival to males. Stage is the only independent prognostic indicator of survival for patients with medullary thyroid cancer.
The Spike Factorization as Domain Decomposition Method; Equivalent and Variant Approaches

In this paper we present the Spike algorithm of Sameh and Polizzi in the context of domain decomposition methods. We present several variants that differ in their treatment of the separators, showing that one of these is equivalent to the Spike algorithm.
Presentation innovations: Using Pecha Kucha in nursing education

Abstract Pecha Kucha (P-K) is a new presentation technique first used in architecture design and recently used in higher education. P-K is an innovative presentation technique emphasizing a rapid delivery of visual images. The P-K presentation technique uses 20 slides shown for 20 seconds each, resulting in a delivery time of under 7 minutes. P-K offers an innovative instructional strategy for emphasizing images over text for aesthetic storytelling, improving communication skills, affective learning, or opportunities for synthesis of information.
Solvent-molecule-mediated manipulation of crystalline grains for efficient planar binary lead and tin triiodide perovskite solar cells

Binary lead and tin perovskites offer the benefits of narrower band gaps for broader adsorption of solar spectrum and better charge transport for higher photocurrent density. Here, we report the growth of large, smooth crystalline grains of bianry lead and tin triiodide perovskite films via a two-step solution process with thermal plus solvent vapor-assisted thermal annealing. The crystalline SnxPb1−xI2 films formed in the first step served as the templates for the formation of crystalline CH3NH3SnxPb1−xI3 films during the second step interdiffusion of methylammonium iodide (MAI). Followed by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) vapor-assisted thermal annealing, small, faceted perovskite grains grew into large, smooth grains via the possible mechanism involving bond breaking and reforming mediated by DMSO solvent molecules. The absorption onset was extended to 950 and 1010 nm for the CH3NH3SnxPb1−xI3 perovskites with x = 0.1 and 0.25, respectively. The highest PCE of 10.25% was achieved from the planar perovskite solar cell with the CH3NH3Sn0.1Pb0.9I3 layer prepared via the thermal plus DMSO vapor-assisted thermal annealing. This research provides a way to control and manipulate film morphology, grain size, and especially the distribution of metal cations in binary metal perovskite layers, which opens an avenue to grow perovskite materials with desired properties to enhance device performance.
A General Test for Carbohydrates.

A number of tests for carbohydrates depend upon interaction in the chromogenic system, phenol-aldehyde-acid. The Molisch, the Seliwanoff, the Bial, and the Tollen tests belong to this reaction syst...
Abstract SY21-01: Chromatin remodeling proteins in transcription and development

The assembly of DNA with histones into chromatin provides a mechanism to regulate gene expression in time and space. The precise architecture of various DNA regulatory elements within the hierarchy of chromatin structures controls the access and activity of transacting factors, both protein and RNA. Epigenetic marks within DNA and histones allow regulatory information to act during development and across generations. The enzymes that mediate these processes are diverse and multifunctional, capable of posttranslationally modifying DNA and histones as well as remodeling the chromatin architecture. Among these enzymes the human SWI/SNF or BRG1 remodeling complex is particularly important with clear roles in signal transduction, development and cancer. In the presentation I will describe our recent work on the detailed mechanism of action of the BRG1 complex in gene expression and during early development in the mouse. We focus on the contribution that sub-domains in the BRG1 N terminus makes if protein partners outside the normal BRG1 associated Factors (BAFs) to initiate steroid receptor mediated transcription. Studies of the complex during development highlight the roles of individual BAF proteins and their contribution to organogenesis. These findings highlight the intimate connections between chromatin remodeling and epigenetics for normal healthy development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY21-01. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-SY21-01
Conservation and behavior of Africa’s “Big Five”

We examine the conservation status of Africa's "Big Five": lion, leopard, buffalo, black and white rhinoceros and elephant, and the role of behavioral knowledge in their conservation. Efforts to conserve these flagship species consist of in situ conservation, captive breeding and reintroductions. With a few exceptions, we find limited evidence that knowledge of behavior informs conservation programs targeted at these species. For management in the wild, knowledge of infanticide and ranging can provide guidelines for realistic hunting quotas and corridors between protected areas, respectively. For ex situ and reintroduction programs, behavioral knowledge is chiefly focused on improved animal husbandry. Despite a formidable understanding of these species' behavior, the practicalities of using such knowledge may be diminished because exploitation of these species is so force- ful and the bulk of efforts aimed at conserving these species (and indeed most other African species) are primarily in situ where behaviorally driven interventions are limited. Our comparative findings suggest that behavior has been of rather narrow use in the conservation of these flagship species (Current Zoology 60 (4): 486-499, 2014). Keywords African elephant, Black rhinoceros, Buffalo, Flagship species, Leopard, Lion, White rhinoceros
Studies on abnormal hemoglobins. X. A new syndrome: hemoglobin C-thalassemia disease.

1. A Negro family is described in which several individuals exhibit either the manifestations of thalassemia, or of the uncomplicated hemoglobin C trait; in two members the combined occurrence of these two anomalies is demonstrable. This combination is designated as hemoglobin C—thalassemia disease. 2. Hemoglobin C—thalassemia disease manifests itself in these two patients as a microcytic erythrocytosis. The red cells reveal a low MCV and low MCH, but a normal MCHC. About 45 per cent of the erythrocytes appear as target cells in the film. The amount of hemoglobin C in the hemolysates was about 75 per cent, the remainder being composed of A hemoglobin, and in one instance also of a small quantity of F hemoglobin. This is analogous to the results of the hemoglobin analyses in sickle cell—thalassemia disease, where 60 to 80 per cent of the pathologic hemoglobin S are found, though these individuals are heterozygous for both the pathologic hemoglobin and the thalassemia genes. The hypothesis is advanced that the thalassemia gene modifies (enhances) the expressivity of the gene for the pathologic pigment. 3. In genetic studies of families with thalassemia, hemoglobin analyses represent a necessary requirement. It is now established that thalassemia, as well as disorders associated with hemoglobin C, reveals a tendency to leptocytosis and thus may show erythrocytes with increased osmotic resistance. 4. The segregation of the thalassemia gene and of the genes for pathologic hemoglobins take place independently of each other. These genes are not allelomorphs.
Investigation of micromixing by acoustically oscillated sharp-edges

Recently, acoustically oscillated sharp-edges have been utilized to achieve rapid and homogeneous mixing in microchannels. Here, we present a numerical model to investigate acoustic mixing inside a sharp-edge-based micromixer in the presence of a background flow. We extend our previously reported numerical model to include the mixing phenomena by using perturbation analysis and the Generalized Lagrangian Mean (GLM) theory in conjunction with the convection-diffusion equation. We divide the flow variables into zeroth-order, first-order, and second-order variables. This results in three sets of equations representing the background flow, acoustic response, and the time-averaged streaming flow, respectively. These equations are then solved successively to obtain the mean Lagrangian velocity which is combined with the convection-diffusion equation to predict the concentration profile. We validate our numerical model via a comparison of the numerical results with the experimentally obtained values of the mixing index for different flow rates. Further, we employ our model to study the effect of the applied input power and the background flow on the mixing performance of the sharp-edge-based micromixer. We also suggest potential design changes to the previously reported sharp-edge-based micromixer to improve its performance. Finally, we investigate the generation of a tunable concentration gradient by a linear arrangement of the sharp-edge structures inside the microchannel.
Dopamine pathway is highly diverged in primate species that differ markedly in social behavior

In the endeavor to associate genetic variation with complex traits, closely related taxa are particularly fruitful for understanding the neurophysiological and genetic underpinnings of species-specific attributes. Similarity to humans has motivated research into nonhuman primate models, yet few studies of wild primates have investigated immediate causal factors of evolutionarily diverged social behaviors. Neurotransmitter differences have been invoked to explain the distinct behavioral suites of two baboon species in Awash, Ethiopia, which differ markedly in social behavior despite evolutionary propinquity. With this natural experiment, we test the hypothesis that genomic regions associated with monoamine neurotransmitters would be highly differentiated, and we identify a dopamine pathway as an outlier, highlighting the system as a potential cause of species-specific social behaviors. Dopamine levels and resultant variation in impulsivity were likely under differential selection in the species due to social system structure differences, with either brash or circumspect social behavior advantageous to secure mating opportunities depending on the social backdrop. Such comparative studies into the causes of the behavioral agendas that create and interact with social systems are of particular interest, and differences in temperament related to boldness and associated with dopamine variation likely played important roles in the evolution of all social, behaviorally complex animals, including baboons and humans.
Working toward cancer and healthy living education around the world: the experience at La Salle Campus Barcelona.

Health education, especially in the earlier stages of life, is essential for the development of healthy habits for life. Though healthy living messages must first be delivered locally, our goal is to distribute these messages globally using new technology and communications mediums. The La Salle schools, with a global network of primary, secondary, and higher education institutions have the capacity to reach thousands of children. La Salle Campus Barcelona, in collaboration with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital and Hospital Sant Joan de Deu , has started to carry out educational activities in schools in Catalonia, as well as supporting the design of video games teaching healthy habits and preparing videos about a healthy lifestyle, with the goal of reaching children around the world.
The American Association of Anatomists and Stem Cell Research

This article proceeds to declare presumed Myths followed by presumed Facts and discussion. What it does is to erect straw men in the form of Myths, which, presumably, are supposed to be charges proffered by prolife advocates. This is followed by so - called Facts, which in reality are distortions, falsehoods and half-truths. Looking at this website selection as a Human Embryologist, I decided that the several errors included in this site ought to be challenged and corrected. Thus, what follows are statements within this option on the Website which I have included in bold, followed by my commentaries.
ON THE INVARIANTS OF A LIE GROUP. I

Publisher Summary Casimir in response to a question of B. L. van der Waerden produced a nontrivial second degree expression in terms of the infinitesimal transformation algebra L = L(G) of a simply connected semisimple Lie group G commuting element-wise with G for all continuous representations of finite degree. Casimir's construction is the first step toward the study of the invariant polynomials, the rational invariants, and the invariants of a Lie group. The elements of U(L) commuting by ordinary multiplication with a given generator set of L over F are said to be the invariant polynomials or Casimir polynomials over L, where L be a Lie algebra over a field F of characteristic 0 and U(L) = UF(L) be the universal embedding algebra of L over F.
Social Anxiety Disorder and Its Relation to Clinical Syndromes in Adulthood

Abstract Social phobia is an anxiety disorder that is highly comorbid with other anxiety disorders, depression, and substance use disorders, such that up to 90% of people who are diagnosed with social phobia in their lifetimes will be diagnosed with another mental health disorder. However, rates of comorbidity differ significantly across studies. The reasons for these differences are unclear, as some studies using nearly identical methodologies obtain vastly different rates of comorbidity. Over the past 20 years, investigations of comorbidity in social phobia have extended beyond the consideration of comorbidity with other anxiety disorders, depression, and substance use disorders. This research indicates that social phobia is also highly comorbid with eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder. Although this research has found lower rates of comorbidity between social phobia and bipolar disorder and psychosis, rates of the clinical conditions are nevertheless higher in people with social phobia than in people without social phobia. Research is now beginning to examine rates of comorbidity between social phobia and other mental health disorders in non-Western samples and in people of various ethnicities and those who immigrated at different times in their lives. Future research must establish rates of comorbidity between social phobia and other mental health disorders on the basis of DSM-5 criteria.
Decomposition of two-component pulses in bone: Phantom experiment and simulation

Prony's method is effective for decomposing two-component pulses into two separate constituent pulses. This has applications for ultrasonic characterization of bone.
Abstract 173: Cathepsin B Is a Novel Gender-Dependent Modifier of Dietary Cholesterol and Fat Absorption from the Intestine

The absorption of dietary cholesterol and fat from the intestine is an important determinant of major risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases including hypercholesterolemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms regulating the absorption process are only partially understood. We used two inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and CASA/Rk that differ in dietary cholesterol and fat absorption, to map a locus on chromosome 14 that modifies the absorption process. Studies in congenics of this locus revealed a complex effect of several genetic determinants. Fine mapping of one genetic determinant allowed identification of a critical 6.3Mb CASA/Rk interval (63.3-69.7 Mb) with gender dependent effect. Therefore, congenic females of the critical interval, but not congenic males, displayed a 30% decrease in dietary cholesterol absorption. RNA-seq studies in jejuna of congenic females found 50% suppression of Cathepsin B (Ctsb), a gene that maps within the critical congenic interval and encodes for a ubiquitously expressed lysosomal cysteine protease. Concordant with findings in congenic females, Ctsb knockout females, but not knockout males, displayed significantly (25%) decreased dietary cholesterol absorption rates and a large (80%) decrease in dietary fat absorption. These studies indicate that: (i) Cathepsin B is a novel gender-dependent determinant of cholesterol and fat absorption from the intestine, and (ii) the critical chromosome 14 interval is likely to harbor additional genetic determinants of cholesterol and fat absorption from the intestine.
Hinging Mechanisms of Masonry Single-Nave Barrel Vaults Subjected to Lateral and Gravity Loads

AbstractThis paper investigates the limit states of a circular masonry arch supported on rectangular buttresses when subjected to lateral inertial loading in addition to gravity loading by employin...
Persuasive Writing With Mobile-Based Graphic Organizers in Inclusive Classrooms Across the Curriculum:

As writing instruction expands beyond the language arts classroom, students with disabilities, English language learners, and others who struggle with writing continue to need support with written expression. A timely practice to support student writing is the use of technology. This study used a quasi-experimental group design to examine the effects of a mobile-based graphic organizer (MBGO) with embedded self-regulated learning strategies and strategy instruction on the persuasive writing of middle school students in an inclusive classroom. After given opportunities to practice writing in the content areas, students with and without disabilities who used the MBGO on an iPad to compose persuasive essays significantly outperformed students with and without disabilities in the control group for number of transition words and writing quality. Limitations of the study and future research suggestions are discussed.
Sketch-up: Southern Ocean mixing

Ocean glider observations analysed by Ruan and colleagues show that turbulence driven by seafloor topography may be important for mixing of Antarctic ocean currents.
Dual-polarized, binary-state metamaterial with integrated bias lines

This paper describes the design of a dual-polarized, binary-state metamaterial capable of transitioning between highly reflective and highly transparent in response to an external DC bias signal. The bias lines are integrated into the design of the unit cell to provide DC connectivity throughout the entire meta-material slab without perturbing the microwave performance. The medium is designed to operate at X-band frequencies and exhibits a fractional switching bandwidth of 14.8%.
Geomechanical Risk Assessment for Subsurface Fluid Disposal Operations

Numerical models are commonly used to estimate the state of stress in the subsurface for various engineering applications. These estimates are subject to considerable uncertainty, and yet, the estimates are almost always deterministic, yielding no information about the certainty of the prediction. For some applications, unquantified uncertainties in stress are often acceptable, because the risks related to geomechanics may be of low relative importance compared to other risks (e.g., recoverable resource volume), for which uncertainties are often quantified. Furthermore, many geomechanics-related risks in the petroleum industry are relatively short-lived (e.g., well bore stability) and decrease in importance with time. In contrast, for wastewater injection or geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), geomechanics-related risks (e.g., seal integrity, induced seismicity) are on par with resource-related risks and are of long-term concern, with the risk generally increasing in importance for a significant period of time. For these reasons, the deterministic stress estimation and risk analysis approaches generally applied in the petroleum industry are insufficient for GCS applications. This paper describes a Bayesian approach to geomechanical uncertainty quantification and risk assessment. The method is demonstrated using data from an active enhanced oil recovery/geologic carbon sequestration field as a case study.
The Glyoxylate Cycle in Rat Epiphyseal Cartilage: The Effect of Vitamin D3 on the Activity of Enzymes Isocitrate Lyase and Malate Synthase

The effect of vitamin D deficiency and subsequent vitamin D replacement on the metabolism of rat epiphyseal growth plate cartilage was studied. Biochemical analysis of cartilage showed the presence...
Extending description logic rules

Description Logics --- the logics underpinning the Web Ontology Language OWL --- and rules are currently the most prominent paradigms used for modeling knowledge for the Semantic Web. While both of these approaches are based on classical logic, the paradigms also differ significantly, so that naive combinations result in undesirable properties such as undecidability. Recent work has shown that many rules can in fact be expressed in OWL. In this paper we extend this work to include some types of rules previously excluded. We formally define a set of first order logic rules, C-Rules, which can be expressed within OWL extended with role conjunction. We also show that the use of nominal schemas results in even broader coverage.
Onset of puberty in heifers of diverse beef breeds and crosses.

Puberty traits of straightbred and crossbred heifers (n = 301) were evaluated under pasture conditions. Breed groups represented were straightbred Hereford and Red Poll, reciprocal crosses of these two breeds, Angus X Hereford, Angus X Charolais-Cross, Brahman X Hereford and Brahman X Angus. Breed group was an important (P less than .01) source of variation in heifer weights and in age at puberty. Straight-bred Red Poll and Red Poll cross heifers were youngest at puberty, Angus X Hereford and Angus X Charolais-Cross were intermediate, and straightbred Hereford and Brahman crosses were oldest at the onset of puberty. At the beginning of their first mating season at 19.5 mo of age, 96% of the straightbred Red Polls, 95% of Red Poll crosses, 81% of Angus X Herefords, 89% of Angus X Charolais-Crosses, 68% of straightbred Herefords, 48% of Brahman X Herefords and 74% of the Brahman X Angus had attained puberty. Results of a diallel analysis of Hereford-Red Pool matings indicated that maternal influence of the Red Poll breed was superior (P less than .01) to Herefords for body weight up to 24 mo of age and incidence of puberty at 11.5 mo. Red Polls also exceeded Herefords in direct effects for puberty percentage at 11.5, 15 and 19.5 mo of age. Heterosis was significant for puberty percentage and weight. Breed group differences in pregnancy rate at 24 mo were not significantly.
Hypertension and obesity moderate the relationship between β-amyloid and cognitive decline in midlife

Abstract Background This study tested if central obesity, hypertension, or depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between β-amyloid (Aβ) and longitudinal cognitive performance in late middle-aged adults enriched for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Methods Participants ( n = 207; ages = 40–70 years; 73% parental AD) in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention study completed 3+ neuropsychological evaluations and a [ 11 C]PiB positron emission tomography scan or lumbar puncture. Linear mixed-effects regression models tested interactions of risk factor × Aβ × visit age on longitudinal Verbal Learning & Memory and Speed & Flexibility factor scores. Results The relationship between Aβ and Verbal Learning & Memory decline was moderated by hypertension ( χ 2 (1) = 3.85, P = .04) and obesity ( χ 2 (1) = 6.12, P = .01); those with both elevated Aβ and the risk factor declined at faster rates than those with only elevated Aβ or elevated risk factors. Conclusion In this cohort, hypertension and obesity moderated the relationship between Aβ and cognitive decline.
"Development of an Academic Surgical Student Program for Enhancing Student-Faculty Engagement".

Objective We describe an innovative medical student surgery interest group and its influence on mentorship and career exploration. Design SCRUBS, created to promote interest in academic surgery, is student-led, with continual surgical faculty and resident involvement. Its 3-component programming focuses on clinical skills, research, and mentorship opportunities for medical students to get involved in academic surgery early in medical education. Setting The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI. Participants First through fourth year medical students, surgery residents, and attending surgeons. Results SCRUBS is a multifaceted student organization providing longitudinal exposure to various aspects of surgery and academic medicine. The group grew annually from 2010 to 2014, with students and faculty expressing positive feedback. Over the time period reviewed, we had a greater percentage of students applying into surgical specialties compared with the national average (16.8 vs 12% in 2014). The group supported and facilitated mentorship, clinical skills development, and research opportunities for interested students. Conclusions This innovative surgery interest group has been well received by students and surgeons, and our institution has seen above-average interest in surgical careers. Early, preclinical mentorship and exposure provided by SCRUBS may contribute to this higher surgical interest.
New Database Provides Free Access to Audit Research

The Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association has developed the freely available Audit Research Summary (ARS) Database, which contains executive summaries of approximately 700 auditing research studies that have been published since 2005. The summaries are organized topically, key-word searchable, and written to facilitate quick and easy consumption, avoiding academic jargon and statistical analyses. The database is intended to disseminate research findings to key audit stakeholders in a timely manner and to foster a productive dialog about issues facing the profession, and allows professionals to connect directly with academic researchers, providing professionals with an opportunity to influence and inform the academic research agenda so that future research can address these issues.
The role of rapport in satisfying one’s basic psychological needs

Psychological need satisfaction is essential for daily human functioning and one of its sources is high quality interactions. Rapport is essential to high quality interactions and may be one way that various relationships types can provide the nutriments of healthy functioning. We hypothesized that when people perceive interactions to be higher in rapport, they will experience greater satisfaction of their needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We also explored whether this would be a basic process that would be altered by the relationship between interactants, testing this with multiple operationalizations. We conducted an event-contingent diary study in which participants (nparticipants = 124) responded to items at baseline, each time they experienced an interaction (ninteraction = 1293), and at two-week follow-up. Supporting hypotheses, rapport in interactions was positively associated with need satisfaction within-persons, between-persons, cross-sectionally, and when examining temporal change. Moreover, rapport tended to predict the satisfaction of one’s needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness independently. Finally, relationships between interactants did not moderate these associations.
Responsive Polymers in the Fabrication of Enzyme-Based Biosensors

Abstract Polymers play a crucial role in the design, fabrication, and performance of enzyme-based biosensors. Critical roles include (1) bioconjugation/bioimmobilization, (2) biohosting, (3) biocompatibility to reduce biofouling, and (4) active transduction. The latter role of polymers as a transducer-active or stimuli-responsive component of the biotransducer of a biosensor has not been subject to critical review. Among the several polymers used are inherently conductive polymers (ICPs), responsive-hydrogels, polymeric redox-mediators, ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric polymers. Additionally, polymeric composites comprise an inert polymeric binder and a conductive inclusion such as ICP filers and carbonaceous materials (dots, tubes, sheets). The classic biosensor system is discussed, with a focus on roles of these polymers within the four main types of electrochemical biosensors (amperometric, conductometric, impedimetric, potentiometric). Both passive (physical support) and active roles of responsive polymers within electrochemical biosensors are explored. Integration of responsive polymers in active roles in electrochemical biosensor systems has enabled dual- and multistimuli responsive biosensors capable of responses elicited by physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. Biosensor fabrication methods including microlithography and 3-D printing utilize existing technologies originally designed for inorganic materials to render bioactive, 4-D responsive biosensor electrodes. The pairing of new electrode architectures and chemistries including conjugation with carbon nanotubes, enzyme active site conjugation by boric acid, and direct molecular wiring has led to the development toward rapid, selective, miniaturized glucose sensors, leaving development toward wireless implantable biosensors an achievable goal.
Epidemic situation analysis of viral encephalitis in Xishuangbanna prefecture,Yunnan province,China,2008-2009

云南省西双版纳州一直为虫媒传染病的高发地区.2007年和2009年该地区出现2次流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)暴发高峰,共报告4起乙脑暴发疫情,累计发病93例,死亡9例.为掌握该地区病毒性脑炎的病原学特征,了解其流行病学特点,在中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)资助下,云南省CDC和西双版纳州CDC于2008年5月至2009年5月在景洪、勐海和勐腊县开展病毒性脑炎病原学的实验室监测.结果分析如下。
The novel and the history of the present in Morocco: a book review essay: L'Historiographe du royaume, by Maël Renouard, Paris, Grasset, 2020, 336 pp., €22 (softcover), ISBN 978-2-246-81526-6

L’Historiographe du royaume (henceforth, L’Historiographe) is the latest contribution to the corpus of literary works that revisit Morocco’s recent history. Set mainly during King Hassan II’s reign...
Potential market redistribution following a big four accounting firm failure

This work investigates potential market effects of the hypothetical failure of a big four accounting firm, emphasising how audit and accounting services would be redistributed among the remaining firms. Using graph-theoretic techniques and historical data based upon the failure of Arthur Andersen in 2002, three models of a post-failure redistribution of services are considered. The first model assumes that no mergers/acquisitions occur post-failure amongst the largest accounting firms, besides the redistribution of the failed firm's employees and clients. The second and third models assume that several non-big four firms merge together to create 'the merger', which becomes the approximate size of the pre-failure firm. The results indicate that at least two of the remaining 'big' firms would switch ranks in terms of global revenues, and that the merger becomes as comparatively efficient as the continuing 'big' firms when measured by average revenues generated per employee.
On the Completeness of Some Bianchi Type A and Related Kähler–Einstein Metrics

We prove the existence of complete cohomogeneity one triaxial Kahler–Einstein metrics in dimension four under an action of the Euclidean group E(2). We also demonstrate local existence of Ricci flat Kahler metrics of a related type that are given via generalized PDEs, and determine, under mild conditions, whether they are complete. The common framework for both metric types is a frame-dependent system of Lie bracket relations and generalized PDEs yielding a class of Kahler–Einstein metrics on 4-manifolds which includes all diagonal Bianchi type A metrics.
Fair Regression under Sample Selection Bias

Recent research on fair regression focused on developing new fairness notions and approximation methods as target variables and even the sensitive attribute are continuous in the regression setting. However, all previous fair regression research assumed the training data and testing data are drawn from the same distributions. This assumption is often violated in real world due to the sample selection bias between the training and testing data. In this paper, we develop a framework for fair regression under sample selection bias when dependent variable values of a set of samples from the training data are missing as a result of another hidden process. Our framework adopts the classic Heckman model for bias correction and the Lagrange duality to achieve fairness in regression based on a variety of fairness notions. Heckman model describes the sample selection process and uses a derived variable called the Inverse Mills Ratio (IMR) to correct sample selection bias. We use fairness inequality and equality constraints to describe a variety of fairness notions and apply the Lagrange duality theory to transform the primal problem into the dual convex optimization. For the two popular fairness notions, mean difference and mean squared error difference, we derive explicit formulas without iterative optimization, and for Pearson correlation, we derive its conditions of achieving strong duality. We conduct experiments on three real-world datasets and the experimental results demonstrate the approach's effectiveness in terms of both utility and fairness metrics.
TP53 Gain-of-Function and Non–Gain-of-Function Mutations Are Differentially Associated With Sidedness-Dependent Prognosis in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

PURPOSETo examine the association of gain-of-function (GOF) and non–gain-of-function (non-GOF) TP53 mutations with prognosis of metastatic right-sided (RCC) versus left-sided colorectal cancer (LCC...
Simple and Double Connectivity

We come now to the climax of much of our previous work. To state the result in its most awesome form we introduce some convenient definitions.
Knowledge Discovery for Protein Tertiary Substructures

Mining for common motifs in protein tertiary structures holds the key to the understanding of protein functions. However, due to the formidable problem size, existing techniques for finding common substructures are computationally feasible only under certain artificially imposed constraints, such as using super-secondary structures and fixed-length segmentation. This paper presents the first, pure tertiary-level algorithm that discovers the common protein substructures without such limitations. Modeling this as a maximal common subgraph (MCS) problem, the solution is found by further mapping into the domain of maximum clique (MC). Coupling a MC solver with a graph coloring (GC) solver, the iterative algorithm, CRP-GM, is developed to narrow down towards the desired solution by feeding results from one solver into the other. The solution quality of CRP-GM amply demonstrates its potential as a new and practical data-mining tool for molecular biologists, as well as several other similar problems requiring identification of common substructures.
All carbon nanotubes are not created equal

This chapter presents the various factors that enter into consideration when choosing the source of carbon nanotubes for a specific application. Carbon nanotubes are giant molecules made of pure carbon. They have captured the imagination of the scientific community by the unique structure that provides superior physical, chemical, and electrical properties. However, a surprisingly wide disparity exists between the intrinsic properties determined under ideal conditions and the properties that carbon nanotubes exhibit in real-world situations. The lack of uniformity in carbon nanotube properties is likely to be the main obstacle holding back the development of carbon nanotube applications. This tutorial addresses the nonuniformity of carbon nanotube properties from the synthesis standpoint. This synthesis-related nonuniformity is on top of the intrinsic chirality distribution that gives the ~1:2 ratio of metallic to semiconducting nanotubes. From the standpoint of carbon bonding chemistry the variation in the quality and reproducibility of carbon nanotube materials is not unexpected. It is an intrinsic feature that is related to the metastability of carbon structures. The extent to which this effect is manifested in carbon nanotube formation is governed by the type and kinetics of the carbon nanotube synthesis reaction. Addressing this variation is critical if nanotubes are to live up to the potential already demonstrated by their phenomenal physical properties.
Nanotechnology in the service of embedded and ubiquitous computing

Embedded systems are now ubiquitous and ubiquitous computing is now getting embedded in our day-to-day lives. Such systems are cost and power sensitive. Various nanotechnologies will provide an excellent vehicle to reduce cost and power consumption, while still meeting performance constraints. Nanoscale device technologies, such as carbon nanotube transistors, nanowires, resonant-tunneling devices, quantum cellular automata, single electron transistors, tunneling phase logic, and a host of others, have made significant advances in the last few years. However, circuit and system design methodologies for these technologies are still in their infancy. Industrial roadmaps project that these emergent technologies will make inroads in the commercial market within a decade. Therefore, such design methodologies are necessary for precise design and fabrication of nanocircuits and nanoarchitectures.
Social cognitive development in adolescence.

Historical And Theoretical Overview Adolescents’ Conceptions Of Civil Liberties And Rights Adolescents’ Political, Societal, and Civic Concepts Adolescents’ Reasoning About Social Relationships Adolescents’ Conceptions Of Self, Identity, And Personal Issues Conclusions Keywords: global stage theories; local theories; domain-specific theories; social learning; social information processing; social relationships; civil liberties; civil rights; civic concepts; civic competence; civic engagement; political concepts; personal issues; identity
Mathematical identification of diffuse and localized instabilities in fluid-saturated sands

SUMMARY The mathematical properties of diffuse and localized failure modes in fluid-saturated sands are investigated. The granular medium is modeled as an elastoplastic solid, and a recently proposed set of scalar indices, here referred to as moduli of instability, is used to identify the onset of potential bifurcations of the incremental response. First, the analytical properties of these moduli are discussed, stressing their dependence on the kinematic constraints associated with the imposed deformation modes. Then, by using an elastoplastic model for sands, drained and undrained loading paths are simulated under axisymmetric, plane-strain and simple shear conditions. For each deformation mode, the instability moduli are computed and monitored throughout the simulations, with the purpose of elucidating the consequences of changes in control conditions. In addition, it is illustrated that suitable linear transformations allow the same strategy to be used to perform drained or undrained shear band analyses and predict the interval of possible band inclinations. The final comparison against literature experiments on loose Hostun sand shows that the instability moduli are indicators of the loss of resistance against specific modes of deformation. As a result, they can be used to identify and explain a number of failure mechanisms that can be commonly observed in experiments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.