cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excited-state photodynamics of perylene-porphyrin dyads. 5. Tuning light-harvesting characteristics via perylene substituents, connection motif, and three-dimensional architecture.

Seven perylene−porphyrin dyads were examined with the goal of identifying those most suitable for components of light-harvesting systems. The ideal dyad should exhibit strong absorption by the perylene in the green, undergo rapid and efficient excited-state energy transfer from perylene to porphyrin, and avoid electron-transfer quenching of the porphyrin excited state by the perylene in the medium of interest. Four dyads have different perylenes at the p-position of the meso-aryl group on the zinc porphyrin. The most suitable perylene identified in that set was then incorporated at the m- or o-position of the zinc porphyrin, affording two other dyads. An analogue of the o-substituted architecture was prepared in which the zinc porphyrin was replaced with the free base porphyrin. The perylene in each dyad is a monoimide derivative; the perylenes differ in attachment of the linker (either via a diphenylethyne linker at the N-imide or an ethynylphenyl linker at the C9 position) and the number (0−3) of 4-tert...
Fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGFR1) modulation regulates repair capacity of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following chronic demyelination.

Abstract The adult mammalian brain contains multiple populations of endogenous progenitor cell types. However, following CNS trauma or disease, the regenerative capacity of progenitor populations is typically insufficient and may actually be limited by non-permissive or inhibitory signals in the damaged parenchyma. Remyelination is the most effective and simplest regenerative process in the adult CNS yet is still insufficient following repeated or chronic demyelination. Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling inhibited oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes. Therefore, we questioned whether FGFR1 signaling may inhibit the capacity of OP cells to generate oligodendrocytes in a demyelinating disease model and whether genetically reducing FGFR1 signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells could enhance the capacity for remyelination. FGFR1 was found to be upregulated in the corpus callosum during cuprizone mediated demyelination and expressed on OP cells just prior to remyelination. Plp/CreERT:Fgfr1fl/fl mice were administered tamoxifen to induce conditional Fgfr1 deletion in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Tamoxifen administration during chronic demyelination resulted in reduced FGFR1 expression in OP cells. OP proliferation and population size were not altered one week after tamoxifen treatment. Tamoxifen was then administered during chronic demyelination and mice were given a six week recovery period without cuprizone in the chow. After the recovery period, OP numbers were reduced and the number of mature oligodendrocytes was increased, indicating an effect of FGFR1 reduction on OP differentiation. Importantly, tamoxifen administration in Plp/CreERT:Fgfr1fl/fl mice significantly promoted remyelination and axon integrity. These results demonstrate a direct effect of FGFR1 signaling in oligodendrocyte lineage cells as inhibiting the repair capacity of OP cells following chronic demyelination in the adult CNS.
Hemodynamic effects of slow and rapid defibrination with defibrizyme, the thrombin-like enzyme from venom of the timber rattlesnake

Abstract The hemodynamic response to slow and rapid defibrination was studied in anesthetized beagle dogs, with the following results: 1. 1. Slow defibrination was a benign procedure that had little or no effect on the hemodynamic variables studied. 2. 2. Rapid defibrination induced statistically significant decreases in cardiac output, stroke volume, and mean aortic arterial pressure. 3. 3. Bradycardia, a drop in mean left ventricular pressure, cardiac and minute work indices, an increase in pulmonary artery pressure, and a drastic rise in pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances were also observed. Although physiologically apparent, these changes were not statistically significantly different from control levels. 4. 4. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, arterial pH, and blood gases were not altered by rapid defibrination. 5. 5. In view of the similarities between the hemodynamic changes observed after rapid defibrination and acute myocardial ischemia, the role of decreasing fibrinogen concentrations and blood viscosity in acute myocardial infarction and the sudden death syndrome is questioned.
Fracture incidence following plate removal in Legg–Calvé–Perthes disease: a 32-year study

Abstract Purpose The decision of whether or not to remove pediatric metallic implants remains a controversial issue. Many factors have been cited both in favor and against routine removal of metallic implants. The purpose of this study was to determine the fracture rate following the routine removal of hardware from patients with Legg–Calve–Perthes (LCP) disease treated by proximal femoral varus osteotomy (PFVO) and to determine if there is an optimal time to remove hardware in this population. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of children who had PFVO with subsequent hardware removal from March 1973 to May 2005 performed by a single surgeon. A total of 196 hips in 184 patients were included. Data was analyzed using logistic regression. Inverse prediction was also used to obtain estimates of the time needed to produce probabilities of no fracture. Results Ten out of the 196 hips included (5.1%) sustained a fracture after plate removal. The time from osteotomy to plate removal averaged 10.4...
The effect of syntactic structure on learning

Ninety-six S s were tested for unpaced serial recall on either unstructured (U), grammatically structured (St), or scrambled-structured (Sc) CVC strings, under instructions which either cued (Cond. O) or did not cue (Cond. S) for structure. Each S received ten presentationrecall periods on four lists of the same structural type. Performance on U was superior to combined performance on St and Sc throughout list learning, while the St vs. Sc comparison was not significant. Instruction effects were not significant for any of the comparisons. The effect of practice was significantly positive. Addition of structure to CVC strings appears to impede learning by increasing the amount of material to be learned. A review of related studies suggests that syntactic facilitation is contingent on the meaningfulness of the nonsense string.
Novel Triacsin C Analogs as Potential Antivirals against Rotavirus Infections

Recently our group has demonstrated that cellular triglyceride (TG) levels play an important role in rotavirus replication. In this study, we further examined the roles of the key enzymes for TG synthesis (lipogenesis) in the replication of rotaviruses by using inhibitors of fatty acid synthase, long chain fatty acid acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL), and diacylglycerol acyltransferase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in association with lipid droplets of which TG is a major component. Triacsin C, a natural ACSL inhibitor from Streptomyces aureofaciens, was found to be highly effective against rotavirus replication. Thus, novel triacsin C analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their efficacies against the replication of rotaviruses in cells. Many of the analogs significantly reduced rotavirus replication, and one analog (1e) was highly effective at a nanomolar concentration range (ED(50) 0.1μM) with a high therapeutic index in cell culture. Our results suggest a crucial role of lipid metabolism in rotavirus replication, and triacsin C and/or its analogs as potential therapeutic options for rotavirus infections.
Functional measures of naming in aphasia: Word retrieval in confrontation naming versus connected speech

Background: Word-finding difficulties are central to aphasia and as such have received a great deal of attention in aphasia research. Although treatment for lexical retrieval impairments can be effective, studies often use measurement of single-word performance (e.g., confrontation naming) to support such claims. In contrast, what matters most to patients with aphasia and their families is the ability to converse. Few aphasia studies, however, have addressed word retrieval in connected speech. Furthermore, one could debate whether generating names for single pictured stimuli bears resemblance to the online, multifaceted retrieval required during conversation. Aims: The purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of Percent Word Retrieval (%WR) as well as two supplementary analyses, Percent Substantive Verbs (%SV) and Percent Corrected Errors (%CERR), to depict word retrieval in connected and conversational speech with respect to lexical class (noun vs verb) and aphasia severity (mild vs moderate). Sp...
Scaling behavior in high field charge density wave transport and the role of free carrier damping

Abstract We address the question of what determines primarily the damping of the sliding charge density wave (CDW). Using pulsed differential conductivity data we have studied the scaling relationship between the total differential conductivity j' and the Ohmic conductivity σ0 in the CDW systems NbSe3 and TaS3. In both metallic and semiconducting hosts j' scales with σ0 in a simple way. This relationship suggests that the two currents are strongly coupled, possibly via damping of the sliding condensate by the free carriers. The asymptotic approach of j/E to the infinite field limit σ∞ is also examined and compared with previous studies.
Subject-defined vs. experimenter-defined conflict

This study tested whether situations defined as conflictual by the subject evoke more intense conflict, as measured by response time, than do situations defined as conflictual by the experimenter. The subjects were 22 undergraduate students, and paired adjectives were used as conflict trials. The results indicated that subject-defined conflicts are experienced as more intense than experimenter-defined conflict, and it is submitted that this can be interpreted most meaningfully within an interactional framework.
In-Service Degradation of Toughness of Steam Turbine Rotors

Degradation en cours de fonctionnement de la resistance mecanique des rotors de turbines a vapeur
Illness as a rhetorical act: A cross‐cultural perspective

The central contention of this essay is that physical illness and its resolution have increasingly become a function of the symbolic reality which humans select, respond to, and employ. The essay is divided into two parts. In part one, it is argued that physical illnesses and morbidity have increasingly been linked to societal variables, not infectious diseases or tissue trauma. Particularly, it is maintained that psychophysiologic, psychogenic, psychosocial, and psychosomatic factors such as stress are central contributive variables in the development of disorders which strain the physiological and psychological integrative capacities of the modern human being. In the second part of this essay, emergency room disabilities in Puerto Rico and on the mainland of the United States are compared. These two geographic regions constitute distinct symbolic systems. The different sex role patterns, childrearing practices, and family structures of these two cultures affect the nature, duration, and severity of illn...
THE ELEVATED REQUIREMENT FOR METHIONINE BY TRANSFORMED RAT LIVER EPITHELIAL CELLS IN VITRO

Growth constants appear to constitute a useful tool in comparing the behavior for transformed and untransformed cells in culture. The substitution of homocysteine for methionine in culture medium caused a greater depression of growth with 3/4 of the transformed epithelial and with 10/14 other cell lines tested compared to the growth depression seen in similar untransformed lines. The greater growth depression exhibited by transformed lines on methionine-deficient, homocysteine-supplemented medium could generally be attributed to: 1. Greater growth of transformed cells in complete medium, and 2. The lower levels of methyltransferase generally found in the transformed lines. Finally methyltransferase appears to be a major determinant of growth of both normal an transformed cells growing in a methionine-deficient, homocysteine-supplemented medium.
Feasibility of human/robot cooperation in image-directed radiation oncology

Image-directed radiation therapy potentially offers significant improvement over current open-loop radiotherapy techniques. Utilizing real-time imaging of tumors, it may be possible to direct a treatment beam to achieve better localization of radiation dose. Since real-time imaging offers relatively poor fidelity, automated analysis of images is formidable. However, experienced physicians may take advantage of visual cues and knowledge of how cancer spreads to infer the location of tumors in partially occluded or otherwise ambiguous scenes. At the Cleveland Clinic, an image-directed radiation treatment system, consisting of a relatively compact linear accelerator manipulated by a 6 degree-of-freedom robot, is in use for treatment of brain tumors. This same system could be applied to teleoperated radiation treatment of non-stationary tumors. To evaluate the prospects for operator-interactive, image-directed therapy, a simulator was constructed to determine the effectiveness of emulated human-in-the-loop treatments. Early performance results based on video recordings of actual lung tumors show that image-directed treatment can offer significant improvements over current practice, motivating development of teleoperated treatment systems.
Reflectance and preparation of front-surface mirrors for use at various angles of incidence from the ultraviolet to the far infrared

The increasing use of reflecting optics in ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) devices has stimulated a great amount of research on coatings for front-surface mirrors. Methods for measuring the reflectance of front-surface mirrors at various wavelengths and angles of incidence are discussed, and techniques for preparing reflecting films with maximum reflectance and durability are described. Data on the UV, visible, and IR reflectance of the most frequently used mirror coatings, Al, Ag, Au, and Rh, are presented. The application of single-layer and multilayer dielectric overcoatings for increasing their durability and normal-incidence reflectance are described, and the effect of these coatings on reflectance at higher angles of incidence is treated. It is shown that Al and Ag overcoated with rather thin layers of silicon oxides or Al2O3 (t = 1000–2000 A) have, in the IR from 8 to 12 μm, practically the same high reflectance as the unprotected metal at close to normal incidence but greatly decreased reflectance at angles larger than 40°. Since only the parallel component is responsible for the IR-reflectance decrease, such film combinations are suitable for producing highly efficient reflection polarizers for the IR, such as for CO2 10.6-μm laser radiation. The effect of water absorption in dielectric overcoatings on the mirror reflectance at 3 μm is discussed.
Anaerobic biodegradability of alkylbenzenes and phenol by landfill derived microorganisms

The objectives of this research were to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradability of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, phenol and p-cresol by microorganisms present in decomposing refuse and to study the effects of environmental conditions, pertinent to landfills, on the anaerobic degradation of phenol and p-cresol by refuse derived microbial consortia. Microbial inocula were derived from refuse from both landfills and laboratory reactors. While toluene biodegradation was only measured with one inoculum, broad degradation for phenol and p-cresol was measured. Cultures enriched on refuse were then derived from two samples to evaluate conservation of degradative activity against phenol. In one enrichment, phenol degrading activity was maintained after 6 months, while this activity decreased in a second culture. Phenol and p-cresol enrichment cultures also exhibited activity against other hydroxyl-substituted aromatics but not mono-chlorinated phenols. Cellulosic carbon and soluble trace constituents extracted from fresh refuse stimulated phenol degradation with one enrichment. However, the cellulosic carbon was inhibitory to the other phenol and p-cresol enrichment cultures. The pH optima for all cultures were between 6.5 and 7.0. Finally, a high concentration of acetate prevented the efficient removal of benzoate and consequently inhibited phenol degradation. Landfills were shown to be a habitat harboring anaerobic microbial populations capable of degrading toluene and hydroxyl-substituted aromatics, suggesting that contaminant degradation may be maximized with proper landfill management.
Provider judgments of patients in pain: seeking symptom certainty.

Objective. Uncertainty often surrounds judgments of pain, especially when pain is chronic. In order to simplify their decisions, providers adduce information from a variety of sources. Unfortunately, an extensive literature suggests that the information that is brought to bear actually can bias pain judgments, resulting in judgments that consistently differ from patient reports, with a potential negative impact on treatment. Methods. This review examines the pain assessment literature from a social cognition perspective that emphasizes interpersonal and situational factors that can influence judgments. Consistent with that model, it organizes research findings into three broad domains that have been shown to systematically influence assessments of pain, involving patient, provider, and situational factors. Results. A causal model for pain judgment is proposed, and its implications for clinical research and practice are explored. Conclusions. In order to minimize the uncertainty that can characterize symptoms such as chronic pain, practitioners bring information to bear on pain assessment that can lead to misjudgments. While intuitively appealing, much of the information that is considered often has little association with pain severity and/or adjustment. A more rational decision-making process can reduce the judgment errors common to pain assessment and treatment.
Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention following coronary artery bypass graft--a descriptive analysis of the changing interface between interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon.

Background: Despite decreasing rates of acute and suba-cute complications of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), these procedures are generally only performed in centers where it is possible for failed PCI to be treated by rescue coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Case reports and case series have documented successful PCI following failed CABG. We sought to confirm this decrease in the needforres-cue CABG following failed PCI and to examine trends in the utilization of rescue PCI following failed CABG. Hypothesis: The interface between interventional cardiologist and cardiac surgeon is characterized by changing practice patterns and resource utilization. Methods: We examined the medical records of all patients admitted to the Brigham and Women's Hospital over a 7-year period and identified 169 patients who required both PCI and CABG during the same hospital admission. We describe and compare three predetermined groups of patients defined by the sequence of, and indication for, the relevant myocardial revascularization procedures. Results: In all, 100 patients required CABG for failed PCI, 46 patients had planned hybrid procedures involving both CABG and PCI, and 23 patients required PCI following failed CABG. There was a decrease in the need for rescue CABG following failed PCI, both in total numbers and as a percentage of total cases (2.5% in 1994 and 0.22% in 1999). There was a simultaneous increase in the utilization of rescue PCI following failed CABG (0% in 1994 and 1.6% in 2000). Hybrid procedures were identified as a source of innovative solutions to a variety of challenging clinical problems. Conclusions: Changing patterns of resource utilization shouldbe considered whenplanning hospital facilities and patient triage, and these patients undergoing percutaneous or surgical revascularization may benefit from close cooperationbe-tween the cardiac surgeon and the interventional cardiologist.
Study and simulation of microstructured photonic crystal optical fiber

Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCF) have interesting features such as high non-linearity, four-wave mixing, and polarization-maintaining. These features offer new improvements and solutions for optoelectronic elements such as multi-channel filters, PCF lasers, PCF amplifiers, and tunable (multi-wavelength) fiber lasers. This work presents study and simulation using MATLAB® for a microstructured optical fiber based on defected square Photonic Crystal Lattice (PCL) with fixed value of longitudinal component of propagation constant, deploying Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. The PCL parameters considered are: structure period a = 1 µm; element radius = 0.2 µm; background material relative permittivity = 2.1316; element relative permittivity = 1; number of plane waves = 3; number of mesh nodes per unit cell = 30 (in each x & y directions); unit cell size of strictly periodic (defectless) structure = 30 × 30 nodes; unit cell size of the defected structure = 5 × unit cell size of strictly periodic structure; defect location is at center. The paper results include modes field distribution, and effects of: permittivity difference change, number of plane waves, and propagation constant. The results and the associated effects are highlighted and discussed.
Fractional order viscoelasticity of the aortic valve cusp: an alternative to quasilinear viscoelasticity.

BACKGROUND Quasilinear viscoelasticity (QLV) theory has been widely and successfully used to describe the time-dependent response of connective tissues. Difficulties remain, however, particularly in material parameter estimation and sensitivities. In this study, we introduce a new alternative: the fractional order viscoelasticity (FOV) theory, which uses a fractional order integral to describe the relaxation response. FOV implies a fractal-like tissue structure, reflecting the hierarchical arrangement of collagenous tissues. METHOD OF APPROACH A one-dimensional (I-D) FOV reduced relaxation function was developed, replacing the QLV "box-spectrum" function with a fractional relaxation function. A direct-fit, global optimization method was used to estimate material parameters from stress relaxation tests on aortic valve tissue. RESULTS We found that for the aortic heart valve, FOV had similar accuracy and better parameter sensitivity than QLV, particularly for the long time constant (tau2). The mean (n = 5) fractional order was 0.29, indicating that the viscoelastic response of the tissue was strongly fractal-like. RESULTS SUMMARY: mean QLV parameters were C = 0.079, tau1 = 0.004, tau2 = 76, and mean FOV parameters were beta = 0.29, tau = 0.076, and rho = 1.84. CONCLUSIONS FOV can provide valuable new insights into tissue viscoelastic behavior Determining the fractional order can provide a new and sensitive quantitative measure for tissue comparison.
Spin mode instabilities in propagating fronts of polymerization

Abstract We have observed two instabilities in propagating fronts of methacrylic acid polymerization, both of which give the appearance of a spin mode. One occurs with liquid monomer when the tube is subjected to an external airflow to increase the rate of heat loss. It is novel instability caused by convection related to bubble formation. Spinning modes very similar to ones observed in solid-state combustion reactions were observed when the initial methacrylic acid/initiator solution was maintained at 0°C. The helical pattern left in the polymer and temperature profile measurements confirm for the first time the presence of a true spin mode in a constant velocity polymerization front.
Deformation fabrics of the Cima di Gagnone peridotite massif, Central Alps, Switzerland: evidence of deformation at low temperatures in the presence of water

We report a new observation of the olivine B-type lattice-preferred orientation (LPO), from the garnet peridotite at Cima di Gagnone, Switzerland. The olivine B-type fabric forms at low temperatures and/or high stress in the presence of water, and is of particular interest because it may be used to explain the trench-parallel shear-wave splitting that is often observed at subduction zones. In conjunction with the olivine B-type fabric, we have found strong orthopyroxene LPO that is identical to those formed under water-free conditions. This suggests that water may not have a significant effect on orthopyroxene fabric. From the olivine microstructure, we determine that a stress of 22 ± 8 MPa was applied during the deformation event that formed the olivine LPO. Using an olivine flow-law, and assuming geological strain-rates, we determine the temperature of deformation to be 800 ± 175°C. This does not preclude an ultra-deep origin for the ultramafic rocks at Cima di Gagnone, but indicates that much of the deformation recorded in the microstructure occurred at modest temperatures.
Inducible and brain region specific CREB transgenic mice

To investigate the role of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) in the adaptive responses to psychotropic drugs, we have developed inducible, brain region-specific CREB transgenic mice using the tetracycline-regulated gene expression system. The tetracycline transactivator (tTA) was placed under the control of 1.8-kilobase neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter for this purpose. Different patterns of CREB overexpression were found in striatum, nucleus accumbens, and cingulate cortex in different lines of bitransgenic mice, and CREB expression was blocked by addition of doxycycline, an analog of tetracycline. Overexpression of CREB influenced the expression of other members of the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors, consistent with previous reports. In addition, psychostimulant induction of dynorphin, a neuropeptide regulated by drugs of abuse, was up-regulated in striatum. Finally, there was a significant reduction in cocaine-induced locomotor activity in the CREB bitransgenic mice. These results are consistent with a role for CREB in mediating adaptive changes that occur in response to drugs of abuse.
CYANOBOROHYDRIDE. UTILITY AND APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW

(1979). CYANOBOROHYDRIDE. UTILITY AND APPLICATIONS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS. A REVIEW. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 11, No. 5, pp. 201-246.
The Subtlety of State Action in Privatized Child Welfare Services.

In ever increasing numbers, public agencies are contracting with the private sector to provide services and benefits—once assumed to be governmental “duties”—that had long been delivered primarily through public channels. Examples include, among others, privatized nursing home care, privatized prisons, and private military forces. Despite some adverse outcomes, broad shifts in service delivery continue unabated, and, according to some, “seem to be occurring especially around collective commitments to provide for the basic human needs for food, shelter, education, medical care, and justice.”1 It is therefore not surprising that we are witnessing a significant increase in the rate of private participation in child welfare services,2 defined here as privately delivered out-of-home care for children formally placed by the state in the child welfare system and in the custody of the state.3 Far from a recent phenomenon, public-private partnerships have a
The disturbed caregiving system: Relations among childhood trauma, maternal caregiving, and infant affect and attachment

The interrelations among maternal childhood experiences of physical or sexual abuse, adult trauma-related symptoms, adult caregiving behavior, and infant affect and attachment were investigated among 45 low-income mothers and their 18-month-old infants. A history of physical abuse was associated with increased hostile-intrusive behavior toward the infant, increased infant negative affect, and a decreased tendency to report trauma-related symptoms. A history of sexual abuse was associated with decreased involvement with the infant, more restricted maternal affect, and more active reporting of trauma-related symptoms. Infants of mothers who had experienced childhood violence or abuse were not more likely to display insecure attachment strategies than infants of mothers who had not experienced trauma. However, the form of insecure behavior was significantly different. Insecure infants of violence-exposed mothers displayed predominantly disorganized strategies, whereas insecure infants of mothers with benign childhoods or neglect only displayed predominantly avoidant strategies. Results are discussed in relation to Main and Hesse's (1990) concept of frightened or frightening behavior and to current literature on psychological sequelae of trauma.
Bullets and Votes: Violence and Electoral Participation in Mexico:

In this paper we analyze the effect of criminal violence on electoral participation in Mexico. Many scholars have studied the origins of criminal violence, as well as the success or failure of contemporary regimes in dealing with it. However, few have studied how it affects voter turnout. Following recent findings in the behavioral subfield, we hypothesize that as criminal violence increases, citizens abandon public channels of participation and take refuge in their private spheres. Using longitudinal and geostatistical tools to analyze Mexican municipalities in the last decade, we find that the level of electoral turnout is lower in the most violent regions of the country. In the final section, we use survey data to confirm that citizens exposed to high levels of criminal violence are less likely to vote.
Genetic and environmental overlap between borderline personality disorder traits and psychopathy: evidence for promotive effects of factor 2 and protective effects of factor 1

Background Previous studies have reported strong genetic and environmental overlap between antisocial-externalizing (factor 2; F2) features of psychopathy and borderline personality disorder (BPD) tendencies. However, this line of research has yet to examine etiological associations of affective-interpersonal (factor 1, F1) features of psychopathy with BPD tendencies. Method The current study investigated differential phenotypic and genetic overlap of psychopathy factors 1 and 2 with BPD tendencies in a sample of over 250 male and female community-recruited adult twin pairs. Results Consistent with previous research, biometric analyses revealed strong genetic and non-shared environmental correlations of F2 with BPD tendencies, suggesting that common genetic and non-shared environmental factors contribute to both phenotypes. In contrast, negative genetic and non-shared environmental correlations were observed between F1 and BPD tendencies, indicating that the genetic factors underlying F1 serve as protective factors against BPD. No gender differences emerged in the analyses. Conclusions These findings provide further insight into associations of psychopathic features – F1 as well as F2 – and BPD tendencies. Implications for treatment and intervention are discussed, along with how psychopathic traits may differentially influence the manifestation of BPD tendencies.
DYNAMIC MODELLING OF WATER VAPOR ADSORPTION BY ACTIVATED ALUMINA

Prediction of water vapor adsorption by activated alumina in a packed bed operated adiabatically is accomplished through the use of a simplified mathematical model. The model accounts for the heat and mass convection in the axial direction, and characterizes the heat and mass transfer associated with the adsorption process by a linear driving force. A linear isotherm was applied to approximate the equilibrium relationship of water vapor on activated alumina. Experimental data using Alcoa's commercial activated alumina, obtained from a 6 x 48 inch adiabatic column, were compared with model prediction; and a reasonably good agreement between these two was obtained. @KEYWORDS: Mathematical modeling, Adsorption, Activated alumina, Gas drying, Desiccant, Packed column.
Three‐dimensional immersed boundary conditions for moving solids in the lattice‐Boltzmann method

This paper establishes the range of validity for a previously published three-dimensional moving solid boundary condition for the lattice-Boltzmann method. This method was reasonably formulated from a mass and momentum balance perspective, but was only verified for a small range of (primarily two-dimensional) problems. One of the advantages of this boundary condition is that it offers resolution at the sub-grid scale, allowing for accurate and stable calculation of the force and torque for solids which are moving through a lattice, even for small solid sizes relative to the computational grid size. We verify the boundary condition for creeping flows by comparison to analytical solutions that include both the force and the torque on fixed and moving spheres, and then follow this with comparisons to experimental and empirical results for both fixed as well moving spheres in inertial flows. Finally, we compare simulation results to numerical results of other investigators for the settling of an offset sphere and the drafting–kissing–tumbling of two sedimenting spheres. We found that an accurate calculation of the collision-operator weighting used to obtain sub-grid-scale resolution was necessary in order to prevent spikes in the velocities, forces, and moments when solid objects cross-computational cells. The wide range of comparisons collected and presented in this paper can be used to establish the validity of other numerical models, in addition to the one examined here. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Layer Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Organometal Halide Perovskite/Poly(ethylene oxide) Composite Thin Films

Organometal halide perovskite and poly(ethylene oxide) composite thin films are studied. Single-layer light-emitting diodes using the composite thin film sandwiched between indium tin oxide and indium-gallium eutectic alloy exhibit a low turn-on voltage and high brightness because of the ionic conductivity of the composite film and the formation of a p-i-n homojunction.
Postharvest diseases of mango varieties cultivated in Pindorama, State of São Paulo

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ocorrencia de doencas pos-colheita em 15 variedades de manga, cultivadas em Pindorama-SP, sem adicao de agroquimicos. Os frutos foram colhidos e submetidos a 24h de câmara umida, permanecendo por mais nove dias a 25±2oC e 70-80% de UR. A incidencia de podridoes e a severidade da antracnose foram avaliadas em intervalos de tres dias. No inicio do armazenamento, os frutos foram caracterizados quanto aos teores de solidos soluveis e acidez titulavel. A antracnose foi a doenca mais frequente nas quinze variedades de manga, com 100% de incidencia um dia apos a colheita dos frutos, seguida pela podridao peduncular com media entre as variedades de 20,8% ao final do armazenamento. Menor severidade de antracnose foi observada nas variedades Surpresa e Zill, enquanto menor incidencia da podridao peduncular foi observada em 'Winter' e 'Pele-de-Moca'. Analises de correlacao entre os parâmetros solidos soluveis e acidez titulavel das variedades com a intensidade da antracnose e da podridao peduncular foram significativas apenas entre acidez e antracnose, antes e apos o periodo de armazenamento.
Election Audits Using a Trinomial Bound

In November 2008, we audited contests in Santa Cruz and Marin counties, California. The audits were risk-limiting: they had a prespecified minimum chance of requiring a full hand count if the outcomes were wrong. We developed a new technique for these audits, the trinomial bound. Batches of ballots are selected for audit using probabilities proportional to the amount of error each batch can conceal. Votes in the sample batches are counted by hand. Totals for each batch are compared to the semiofficial results. The ldquotaintrdquo in each sample batch is computed by dividing the largest relative overstatement of any margin by the largest possible relative overstatement of any margin. The observed taints are binned into three groups: less than or equal to zero, between zero and a threshold d , and larger than d . The number of batches in the three bins have a joint trinomial distribution. An upper confidence bound for the overstatement of the margin in the election as a whole is constructed by inverting tests for trinomial category probabilities and projecting the resulting set. If that confidence bound is sufficiently small, the hypothesis that the outcome is wrong is rejected, and the audit stops. If not, there is a full hand count. We conducted the audits with a risk limit of 25%, ensuring at least a 75% chance of a full manual count if the outcomes were wrong. The trinomial confidence bound confirmed the results without a full count, even though the Santa Cruz audit found some errors. The trinomial bound gave better results than the Stringer bound, which is commonly used to analyze financial audit samples drawn with probability proportional to error bounds.
Multi-node Network Based Control and Data Acquisition System for a VHF Radar Depth Sounder

The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) was formed to investigate and generate a greater understanding of ice sheets and their relationship to the global climate, specifically sea-level rise. To provide the detailed ice thickness data required for more accurate ice sheet models, CReSIS determined a new airborne radar system was required. A few requirements for the radar sensor include the ability to be installed on a number of airborne platforms, capable of collecting simultaneous data from up to 16 independent receive channels, and providing real-time display of processed data for quality analysis.
Topic models and a revisit of text-related applications

Topic models such as aspect model or LDA have been shown as a promising approach for text modeling. Unlike many previous models that restrict each document to a single topic, topic models support the important idea that each document could be relevant to multiple topics. This makes topic models significantly more expressive in modeling text documents. However, we observe two limitations in topic models. One is that of scalability as it is extremely expensive to run the models on large corpora. The other limitation is the inability to model the key concept of relevance. This prevents the models from being directly applied to goals such as text classification and relevance feedback for query modification; in these goals, items relevant to topics (classes and queries) are provided upfront. The first aim of this paper is to sketch solutions for these limitations. To alleviate the scalability problem, we introduce a one-scan topic model requiring only a single pass over a corpus for inference. To overcome the latter, we propose relevance-based topic models that have the advantages of previous models while taking the concept of relevance into account. The second aim, based on the proposed models, is to revisit a wide range of well-known but still open text-related tasks, and outline our vision on how the approaches for the tasks could be improved by topic models.
Objective Criteria for Classification of Postsecondary Students as Learning Disabled: Effects on Prevalence Rates and Group Characteristics

This study examined the consequences of classifying postsecondary students as learning disabled (LD) using five objective sets of criteria: IQ-achievement discrepancies (1.0 to 1.49 SD, 1.5 to 1.99 SD, and ≥ 2.0 SD), DSM-IV criteria, and chronic educational impairment beginning in childhood. The participants were 378 postsecondary students from two universities who had been previously classified as LD and were receiving instructional and/or testing accommodations. The agreement between diagnostic models was often low, both in terms of the proportion of students identified as well as which students were identified by the models. The discrepancy models identified the largest proportions of students as LD (10% to 42%), whereas fewer than 10% of participants met either of the other sets of criteria, and 55% of the participants were not classified as LD by any of the models. Implications for further research and practices in postsecondary settings are discussed.
Using High-Level Visual Information for Color Constancy

We propose to use high-level visual information to improve illuminant estimation. Several illuminant estimation approaches are applied to compute a set of possible illuminants. For each of them an illuminant color corrected image is evaluated on the likelihood of its semantic content: is the grass green, the road grey, and the sky blue, in correspondence with our prior knowledge of the world. The illuminant resulting in the most likely semantic composition of the image is selected as the illuminant color. To evaluate the likelihood of the semantic content, we apply probabilistic latent semantic analysis. The image is modelled as a mixture of semantic classes, such as sky, grass, road, and building. The class description is based on texture, position and color information. Experiments show that the use of high-level information improves illuminant estimation over a purely bottom-up approach. Furthermore, the proposed method is shown to significantly improve semantic class recognition performance.
The structural kinetics of switch-1 and the neck linker explain the functions of kinesin-1 and Eg5

Kinesins perform mechanical work to power a variety of cellular functions, from mitosis to organelle transport. Distinct functions shape distinct enzymologies, and this is illustrated by comparing kinesin-1, a highly processive transport motor that can work alone, to Eg5, a minimally processive mitotic motor that works in large ensembles. Although crystallographic models for both motors reveal similar structures for the domains involved in mechanochemical transduction--including switch-1 and the neck linker--how movement of these two domains is coordinated through the ATPase cycle remains unknown. We have addressed this issue by using a novel combination of transient kinetics and time-resolved fluorescence, which we refer to as "structural kinetics," to map the timing of structural changes in the switch-1 loop and neck linker. We find that differences between the structural kinetics of Eg5 and kinesin-1 yield insights into how these two motors adapt their enzymologies for their distinct functions.
Almost Periodic Nonlinear Oscillations

Of course, we want to take advantage of what we already know about linear systems and try to extend this knowledge to the quasilinear case (6.1).
Stage of estimated glomerular filtration rate (kidney function) is associated with greater prevalence and burden of aortic plaque: the Framingham heart study

Background Atherosclerotic aortic plaque (AAoP) is inversely associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a commonly used continuous measure of kidney function. We sought to determine whether eGFR stage, categorical stratification by eGFR based on Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria, is also associated with prevalence and burden of AAoP, as clinically patients are often characterized in terms of eGFR stage.
Study of power options for Jupiter and outer planet missions

Power for missions to Jupiter and beyond presents a challenging goal for photovoltaic power systems, but NASA missions including Juno and the upcoming Europa Clipper mission have shown that it is possible to operate solar arrays at Jupiter. This work analyzes photovoltaic technologies for use in Jupiter and outer planet missions, including both conventional arrays, as well as analyzing the advantages of advanced solar cells, concentrator arrays, and thin film technologies.
Fab fragments from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis IgG affect calcium channels of skeletal muscle

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a human disease involving upper and lower motoneurons. In this paper we studied the action of specific antigen-binding site (Fab) fragments of immunoglobulins from ALS patients on dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive Ca2+ channel function in situ. Ca2+ channels in single mammalian skeletal muscle fibers tested by the double Vaseline gap technique and single Ca2+ channels reconstituted into bilayer were tested in these experiments. Although the observed current-voltage relationship was not modified by the addition of Fab fragments (1.5 mg/ml), peak Ca2+ current (ICa) was significantly reduced. The effect of these Fab fragments on the peak ICa reached a stable value after 60 min of incubation. ALS Fab fragments also slowed the ICa rising phase and increased the rate of tail current deactivation. Studies with double pulses demonstrated that ICa inactivation time course, voltage dependence, and recovery were not modified by ALS Fab fragments. Fab fragments from normal subjects and heat-inactivated Fab fragments from ALS patients did not induce any modification on the charge movement and ICa. In single channel studies, ALS Fab fragments reduced channels amplitude. These data support the concept of an immunological interaction between the circulating antibodies from ALS patients and DHP-sensitive Ca2+ channels.
Honest Tips for Less Stress and Publication Success

If you talk to any librarian about doing research and getting published, they will likely describe it as an overwhelming process. The fact that many graduate library school programs do not require,...
Effectiveness of Various Methods of Teaching Proper Inhaler Technique.

Objective:To compare the effectiveness of 4 different instructional interventions in training proper inhaler technique.Design:Randomized, noncrossover trial. Setting: Health fair and indigent clini...
A Missile Flight Simulation Using Interdisciplinary Coupling

In this paper, we are concerned with investigating an interdisciplinary problem which involves more than two disciplines. Specifically we would like to include an example which contains the key factors involved in designing next generation aircraft configurations, namely structural-flow field coupling, propulsion, and control issues. The goal was to select a model that is relatively tractable in terms of the analyzing the individual disciplinary modules, thus allowing for the primary effort to be concerned with the coupling methodology. The example described here is a simplified solid fuel ramjet missile. Each discipline associated with the missiles functionally can be approximated well with closed form and simple numerical approaches. The flow field is approximated by Taylor- Maccoll conic flow which allows for a simple calculation for determining the inlet conditions for the engine combustion process. We establish a coupling mechanism between these three systems by assuming that the missile has very low radial stiffness. Accordingly, we allow the structure's radius to fluctuate depending on the chamber pressure; this in turn alters the cone angle which affects the inlet conditions. Results to date have been completion of the external flow field calculation module, the dynamics module which integrates the equations of motion, and response of the structure to the changing internal pressure.
Some endocrine aspects of skin sensitization and primary irritation. III. Observations on the influence of cold exposure and formalin treatment; systemic stress upon cutaneous irritation and sensitization.

As has been generally realized, "systemic stress" acts as a stimulant on the adrenal cortex, and the cortico-adrenal hormones play a part in systemic defense. Such a hormonal effect can be demonstrated inter alia by sensitizing animals to proteins and subsequently exposing them to cold or to other injurious factors. The anaphylactic shock is far less severe in previously treated animals (1—4). To study the cutaneous response in animals during and after" sytemic stress," a number of guinea-pigs were exposed to cold, or to subcutaneous formalin injections and 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNB) was applied in test doses to the skin of the sensitized animals, while those not sensitized were treated with a primary irritant, viz. croton oil.