cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the TOPAZ Airborne Ozone Lidar and In Situ Measurements during TexAQS 2006

AbstractThe NOAA airborne ozone lidar system [Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and Ozone (TOPAZ)] is compared with the fast-response chemiluminescence sensor flown aboard the NOAA WP-3D during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS). TOPAZ measurements made from the NOAA Twin Otter, flying at an altitude of ~3300 m MSL in the Houston, Texas, area on 31 August, and the Dallas, Texas, area on 13 September, show that the overall uncertainty in the 10-s (~600-m horizontal resolution) TOPAZ profiles is dominated by statistical uncertainties (1σ) of ~8 ppbv (6%–10%) at ranges of ~2300 m from the aircraft (~1000 m MSL), and ~11–27 ppbv (12%–30%) at ranges of ~2800 m (~500 m MSL). These uncertainties are substantially reduced by spatial averaging, and the averages of 11 profiles (of 110 s or 6.6-km horizontal resolution) at ~1000 m MSL are in excellent agreement (±2%) with the in situ measurements at ~500 m MSL. The TOPAZ measurements at lower altitudes on 31 August exhibit a negative bias of up to ~15%, ho...
Rotational Transition of Incommensurate Kr Monolayers on Graphite

Synchrotron x-ray diffraction studies of the orientational epitaxy of krypton on single-crystal graphite are reported. The system displays a continuous transition from an aligned to a rotated orientation with increasing mean misfit in a manner predicted by a hexagonal-domain-wall model of the weakly incommensurate phase. A hysteresis at the critical misfit is observed. The results are discussed in light of current views of the structure of the incommensurate phase.
Prospective, randomized, pathologist-blinded study of disposable alligator-jaw biopsy forceps for gastric mucosal biopsy.

Background Endoscopic biopsy forceps differ in the size and shape of the biopsy cup and the presence or absence of a needle.
Length summation in simple cells of cat striate cortex.

Abstract We have examined two models for the preference displayed by cortical simple cells for elongated stimuli having a particular orientation. Both assume that geniculate afferents with aligned receptive fields pool to form the receptive field of the cortical unit. The first model [Marr and Hildreth,Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. B 200, 269–294 (1980)], includes AND gating along the length axis so that a simple cell does not fire unless a critical number of its afferents with adjacent receptive fields are firing. The second model assumes that geniculate input is simply summed over subunits and then passed through a firing threshold. Both models account for the unresponsiveness of simple cells to spots of light, but theAND model predicts a discontinuous length threshold, while thesummation model predicts that length and contrast should be interchangable in the determination of the response threshold. Experiments in which length and contrast were systematically varied support the summation model, and extend the notion of linear spatial summation to the length axis in simple cells.
AN EFFECTIVE NUCLEON--NUCLEON POTENTIAL FOR USE IN NUCLEAR HARTREE--FOCK CALCULATIONS.

Abstract An effective nucleon-nucleon potential for use in nuclear Hartree-Fock calculations has been constructed from a central potential, a velocity-dependent repulsive potential and tensor and spin-orbit potentials. The principal aim of this work was to determine an effective potential having no “hard-core” singularity, giving the correct energy and density of nuclear matter, and fitting the two-body scattering data as well as possible, consistent with good estimates of nuclear matter properties. An additional requirement was that the second-order contribution to the energy of nuclear matter be small in order to improve the convergence of the perturbation expansion. The results presented in this paper include the parameters determining a family of potentials, the calculated two-body phase shifts, scattering lengths and effective ranges, the quadrupole moment and percentage of the D-state in the deuteron and a calculated effective single-particle potential.
Auxiliary-mass formulation of the pure Yang-Mills model

Abstract The massless Yang-Mills model is formulated within the BPHZ framework. Normal products are introduced which satisfy normalization conditions at both vanishing and non-vanishing mass values. The Slavnov identity is derived using the convenient properties of these normal products. Slavnov invariant integrated normal products are constructed and used to derive the Callan-Symanzik (renormalization group) equation corresponding to scaling of the auxiliary mass parameter used to normalize the Green functions.
Sulfur derivatives of N,N-disubstituted amides of long chain fatty acids and their antimicrobial activities.

Mercaptoacetic acid was added to the internal double bond of N,N-disubstituted oleamides and the terminal double bond of 11-undecenoylmorpholine. Unreacted starting materials were removed by distillation and as urea complexes. The internal carboxyl group of N,N-disubstituted-9(10)-(carboxymethylthio)stearamides and the terminal carboxyl group of 11-(carboxymethylthio)undecanamide were esterified. Screening for broad range antimicrobial activity againstCandida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, andAspergillus species indicated that all compounds tested were active. However, 9(10)-(carbomethoxymethylthio)stearoylmorpholine and 9(10)-carbethoxymethylthio)stearoyl-4-methylpiperidine were the most effective and strongly inhibited the growth of all organisms tested.
Why the glass transition problem remains unsolved

Abstract Glass-forming substances are made of units having nontrivial mutual interactions. Therefore, structural relaxation of glass-formers is a many-body relaxation problem, which unfortunately is still an unsolved problem in statistical mechanics. Conventional theories and models of glass transition bypass solution of this problem, and hence glass transition also remains an unsolved problem. There are plenty of experimental evidences for the many-body relaxation dynamics, and some examples are given. The Coupling Model of the author is not a full solution of the many-body relaxation problem either. Nevertheless, its predictions can explain the properties of structural relaxation originating from many-body relaxation and their relations to its precursor, namely the Johari–Goldstein secondary relaxation. A demonstration of the utility of the Coupling Model is given here by solving two problems in glass transition that involve many-body relaxation. The problems are: (1) the breakdown of Stokes–Einstein and Debye–Stokes–Einstein relations in neat molecular glass-formers and colloidal suspension, and (2) the component dynamics of polymer blends and mixtures of non-polymeric glass-formers.
Futoenone, a neolignan from Magnolia soulangiana

In the title compound, (2R,4R,5S,5aR)-rel-(−)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2,3,4,5-tetra­hydro-7-methoxy-5-methyl-8H-2,5a-methano-benzoepin-8-one, C20H20O5, the tetra­hydro­furan ring has an envelope conformation, and the semi­quinone ring is somewhat non-planar, with deviations from coplanarity of up to 0.1603 (13) A.
Effect of activity on circadian variation in time of onset of acute myocardial infarction

Abstract There is a circadian variation in the onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with the peak incidence occurring between 6:00 a.m. and 12:00 a.m. Muller et al 1 proposed that this increased frequency of AMI in the morning is due to the circadian variation of potential triggers of plaque rupture and development of occlusive thrombosis. These potential triggers of AMI include morning surges of cortisol and catecholamines, increases in blood pressure and heart rate, as well as increases in platelet aggregability, 2 blood viscosity, 3 and vasomotor tone in conjunction with diminished fibrinolytic activity. 4 The peak incidence of AMI occurs somewhat later in the morning (10:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m. ) than the peak activity of most of the potential triggers that occur between 6:00 a.m. and 9:00 a.m. 5 Exertion enhances the potential adverse effects of all these potential triggers of AMI. Thus, we hypothesized that baseline resting circadian variation of potential triggers of AMI would have the greatest effect on AMI occurring in the absence of exertion. If this hypothesis is correct, AMI not associated with exertion would have a peak incidence coinciding more closely with the peak adverse effects of the potential triggers in the early morning. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to evaluate prospectively the influence of activity at the onset of AMI to the circadian variation in the time of onset of AMI.
Conformation of styrene–maleic acid copolymer in aqueous HCl solutions

The properties of dilute aqueous solutions of styrene–maleic acid copolymer at low degrees of ionization are not compatible with a random coil model. Based upon a study of hydrodynamic and other solution properties of the copolymer, a model is proposed which considers intermolecular and intramolecular interactions of phenyl groups as well as forces of electrostatic repulsion of ionized carboxyl groups. Values of [η]/[η]θ less than unity are better explained by intermolecular aggregation than by a hypercoiled conformation of individual chains. Difficulties previously encountered in copolymer fractionation were resolved.
Milk composition reflects pattern of material care in prosimian primates

Hypothesized relationships between milk composition and life history traits were examined by analyzing mid-lactation milks of seven lemurs (Eulemur fulvus, E. macaco, E. rubriventer, E. mongoz, Varecia variegata, Hapalemur griseus, Lemur catta), three bushbabies (Otolemur crassicaudatus, O. garnettii, Galago moholi), and two lorises (Nycticebus coucang, Loris tardigradus); partial data were also obtained for the lemuroid Cheirogaleus medius. There were no significant differences in milk composition among species within either Eulemur or Otolemur, but the four genera for which multiple samples were available (Eulemur, Varecia, Otolemur, and Nycticebus) exhibited large composition differences. Eulemur milk was, on average, very dilute (9.9% dry matter) and low in energy (0.49 kcal/g). These milks contained 0.9% fat, 1.2% protein, and 8.4% carbohydrate on a fresh weight basis. Protein energy comprised only about 15% of total milk energy. Varecia had significantly higher dry matter (13.5%), fat (3.2%), protein (4.2%), gross energy (0.80 kcal/g), and protein energy:total energy ratio (28%) than Eulemur. Milks of the lorisoid genera Otolemur and Nycticebus were very similar, and both had significantly higher dry matter (18.3, 16.3%), fat (7.6, 7.0%), and gross energy concentration (1.27, 1.13 kcal/g) than either lemuroid genus. Otolemur milk was higher in protein than Nycticebus milk. We conclude that lorises, bushbabies, and perhaps cheirogaleids produce relatively rich, energy-dense milks in comparison with anthropoid primates. However, dilute milks appear to be uniformly found among species of Eulemur and perhaps in Lemur catta. The milk of Varecia (and perhaps Hapalemur) is intermediate in composition. Differences in milk composition among prosimians may be related to differences in maternal care: prosimians that carry their young during lactation produce more dilute milks than do species which leave their young unattended for prolonged periods. When looking at primates as a whole, however, the picture somewhat less clear, since the milks of some "parkers" like Varecia do closely resemble those of large anthropoid primates who carry their young.
Identification of a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme involved in mitotic cyclin degradation

Abstract Background: The destruction of cyclin B is required for exit from mitosis, and is mediated by the ubiquitin pathway. Recently, a 20S complex, termed the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or the cyclosome, has been genetically and biochemically identified as the cyclin-specific ubiquitin ligase (E3). In addition, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), UBC4, was shown to be involved in cyclin ubiquitination in Xenopus egg extracts. Another E2 activity, designated UBCx, can independently support cyclin ubiquitination in Xenopus . A similar activity (E2-C) has also been observed in clams. However, the molecular identity of Xenopus UBCx or clam E2-C has not been established. Results We have purified and cloned Xenopus UBCx. Sequence comparisons with known E2s reveal that UBCx is a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Purified recombinant UBCx is sufficient to complement purified APC and E1 in destruction box-dependent cyclin ubiquitination. UBCx and UBC4 are active in a similar concentration range and with similar kinetics. At saturating enzyme concentrations, UBCx converts twice as much substrate into ubiquitin conjugates, but generates conjugates of lower molecular mass than UBC4. Conclusion UBCx is a novel ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme involved in cyclin ubiquitination in Xenopus . Like UBC4, ubiquitination catalyzed by UBCx is dependent on both the destruction box and the APC, suggesting that these E2s function through a similar mechanism. However, as the patterns of conjugates generated by these E2s are distinct, these enzymes may play different roles in promoting cyclin proteolysis in mitosis.
Endorepellin, the C-terminal angiostatic module of perlecan, enhances collagen-platelet responses via the α2β1-integrin receptor

Endorepellin, a C-terminal fragment of the vascular basement membrane proteoglycan perlecan, inhibits angiogenesis via the α2β1-integrin receptor. Because this integrin is also implicated in platelet-collagen responses and because endorepellin or its fragments are generated in response to injury and inflammation, we hypothesized that endorepellin could also affect platelet biology. We discovered that endorepellin supported α2β1-dependent platelet adhesion, without appreciably activating or aggregating platelets. Notably, endorepellin enhanced collagen-evoked responses in platelets, in a src kinase-dependent fashion, and enhanced the collagen-inhibitory effect of an α2β1-integrin function-blocking antibody. Collectively, these results suggest that endorepellin/α2β1-integrin interaction and effects are specific and dependent on cell type, differ from those emanated by exposure to collagen, and may be due to cellular differences in α2β1-integrin activation/ligand affinity state. These studies also suggest a heretofore unrecognized role for angiostatic basement membrane fragments in platelet biology.
Internal friction in oxygen-vanadium and nitrogen-vanadium solid solutions

Abstract Two internal friction peaks have been identified in vanadium. One occurring at 186°C for frequencies of 1 cps is associated with the stress-induced diffusion of oxygen, and the other occurring at 272°C is associated with the diffusion of nitrogen. The corresponding activation energies for these peaks were found to be 28.6 and 34.1 kcal, respectively. The skewness of the oxygen peak has been shown to be a concentration effect.
Hardware component of an upper level computer science curriculum

This report elaborates on the hard-ware requirement recommended in North Florida. Brief course contents, minimal laboratory facilities, key experiments and laboratory management are described.
Effects of Number of Alternatives on the Psychological Refractory Period

The effects of changing the number of choices in the first response on “psychological refractoriness” were found to be partially consistent with intermittency theory but modifications may be needed to explain the results when the number of choices in the second response is increased.
School racial composition and race/ethnic differences in early adulthood health

We investigate whether school racial composition is associated with racial and ethnic differences in early adult health. We then examine whether perceived discrimination, social connectedness, and parent support attenuates this relationship. Using U.S. data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health, we found that black adolescents attending predominantly white schools reported poorer adult health while Asians reported better health. Further research is warranted to understand whether there are qualitative differences in the treatment of racial and ethnic minorities within certain school contexts and how that differential treatment is related to adult health outcomes.
Computer quadrature programs for the determination of best-fit acid dissociation and complex formation constants

Abstract Two new computer programs are introduced which determine “best-fit” acid dissociation constants for di-, tri- and tetra-dentate ligands, and “best-fit” complex formation constants for complexes having a maximum order of two, three, or four. The programs find the constants which minimize the numerically integrated area between the experimental and theoretical (Bjerrum) formation curves.
Three Different Methods of Calculating Vertical Jump Height from Force Platform Data in Men and Women

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of different methods to calculate vertical jump height in men and women. Fifty men and 50 women performed three countermovement vertical jumps for maximal height on a force platform, the highest of which was used in the statistical analyses. The peak displacement attained by the center of mass (COM) during flight was obtained from three different calculations: (1) using the time in the air (TIA), (2) using the vertical velocity of the COM at take-off (TOV), and (3) adding the positive vertical displacement of the COM prior to take-off to the height calculated using TOV (TOV+s). With all calculations, men produced significantly greater jump heights than women (p < 0.05). TIA produced significantly greater jump heights than TOV in men and women, while TOV+s produced significantly greater jump heights than both TIA and TOV in men and women (p < 0.05). Despite these differences, the methods produced consistent results for both men and women. All ...
Nanocomposite Conductive Elastomer: Microfabrication Processes and Applications in Soft-Matter MEMS Sensors

3D micro-molded PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) elastomer is widely used in MEMS. However, traditional PDMS is non-conductive and as a result is used in mostly structural applications. It is difficult to embed elastomeric, “stretchy” conductors and transduction elements in molded PDMS matrix. We report general methods for monolithic fabrication of multi-layer PDMS structures with embedded conductive and non-conductive elastomer elements. Conductive PDMS parts, made of carbon-nanotube-filled composite PDMS, can form internal elastomer wires, electrodes, heaters, and sensors. The process uses a series of PDMS patterning, micromolding, and bonding techniques. In this work we demonstrate elastomer strain gauges, capacitive pressure sensors, as well as microfluidic channels with integrated heaters and sensors.
Microelectromechanical filters for signal processing

Microelectromechanical filters based on coupled lateral microresonators are demonstrated. This new class of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has potential signal-processing applications for filters which require narrow bandwidth (high Q), good signal-to-noise ratio, and stable temperature and aging characteristics. Microfilters presented in this paper are made by surface-micromachining technologies and tested by using an off-chip modulation technique. The frequency range of these filters is from approximately 5 kHz to on the order of 1 MHz for polysilicon microstructures with suspension beams having a 2-/spl mu/m-square cross section. A series-coupled resonator pair, designed for operation at atmospheric pressure, has a measured center frequency of 18.7 kHz and a pass bandwidth of 1.2 kHz. A planar hermetic sealing process has been developed to enable high quality factors for these mechanical filters and make possible wafer-level vacuum encapsulations. This process uses a low-stress silicon nitride shell for vacuum sealing, and experimental results show that a measured quality factor of 2200 for comb-shape microresonators can be achieved.
On the possibility of a simple observationally correct criterion for fracture in solids

Abstract Any flow or fracture criterion depending solely on the deviator of the stress field, e.g. the well known von Mises or Tresca yield condition, will necessarily be in disagreement with Bridgman's important experimental results regarding the effect of an imposed hydrostatic pressure on the fracture characteristics of a solid. In the following article we have constructed an invariant fracture criterion which is free of the above objection and which will account, at least qualitatively, for the known experimental facts. Calculated results and their comparison with the observational data must await the determination of the two elastic moduli in this fracture criterion.
Religion and Burial at the Ptolemaic-Roman Red Sea Emporium of Berenike, Egypt

Partial excavation of five or possibly six religious edifices at the Ptolemaic-Roman (third century bc-sixth century ad) Red Sea emporium of Berenike, Egypt, chronicles many aspects of the sacred, especially in the middle and late Roman periods. We know far less about Ptolemaic and early Roman era religious life at the port. Epigraphic remains and artifacts of a devotional nature also provide insights into the spiritual lives of those residing in or passing through the city. Egyptian, classical Greco-Roman and Hellenistic hybrid deities predominated with evidence of Christian, Palmyrene, South Arabian, and Zoroastrian religious activities as well. There may also be some data on the religious practices of indigenous desert dwellers, the Blemmyes, the Trog(l)odites/Trogodytes, the Ichthyophagi, and people from Nubia and, perhaps, Meroe. We know far less about the burial practices of Berenike’s inhabitants. Aside from a few makeshift interments and disarticulated remains, only a small portion of a cemetery at the edge of the site has been excavated and many hundreds of tombs, mostly robbed, have been examined southwest and west of the city. Both necropoleis are late Roman in date; the one adjacent to the city preserves different modes of burial depending, most likely, on the economic circumstances, ages, or ethnic identities of the deceased entombed there. Paradoxically, though there is ample documentation for peoples from South Asia and the African Kingdom of Axum residing at or regularly passing through Berenike, little or no recognizable evidence of their religious proclivities or burial customs has been recorded.
Avian guild structure and habitat associations in suburban bird communities

Breeding bird communities were compared in three suburbs: a 70-year-old area of large houses along streets shaded by mature trees (MT), primarily oaks (Quercus) and elms (Ulmus); a 15-year-old area built upon open agricultural land with young maple (Acer) street trees (YT); and a 15-year-old area on which houses were built in small clearings within a second-growth oak-pine (Quercus-Pinus) woodland (OP). Bird censuses each year for 5 years revealed that YT supported the lowest total avian density of the three suburbs; OP supported the greatest variety and total density of insectivores, and the lowest number of ground-gleaning omnivores; and MT supported the highest total avian density, comprised primarily of ground-foraging seed eaters and omnivores. Among nesting guilds, OP contained the fewest ground/herb nesters, and MT the most. Also, OP had the fewest shrub nesters, and MT the most. Tree cavity and twig nesters were significantly more numerous in OP, and tree branch nesters fewer in YT than in either OP or MT. Analyses of habitat structure revealed that shrub maturity is more important than numbers of shrubs, and that planted trees, no matter how mature or abundant, do not replace natural forest stands as habitat for most insectivorous species.
Efficient classification of noisy speech using neural networks

The classification of active speech vs. inactive speech in noisy speech is an important part of speech applications, typically in order to achieve a lower bit-rate. In this work, the error rates for raw classification (i.e. with no hangover mechanism) of noisy speech obtained with traditional classification algorithms are compared to the rates obtained with neural network classifiers, trained with different learning algorithms. The traditional classification algorithms used are the linear classifier, some nearest neighbor classifiers and the quadratic Gaussian classifier. The training algorithms used for the neural networks classifiers are the extended Kalman filter and the Levenberg-Marquadt algorithm. An evaluation of the computational complexity for the different classification algorithms is presented. Our noisy speech classification experiments show that using neural network classifiers typically produces a more accurate and more robust classification than other traditional algorithms, while having a significantly lower computational complexity. Neural network classifiers may therefore be a good choice for the core component of a noisy speech classifier, which would typically also include a hangover mechanism and possibly a speech enhancement algorithm.
Use of vacuum assisted closure in instrumented spinal deformities for children with postoperative deep infections.

Background: Postoperative deep infections are relatively common in children with instrumented spinal deformities, whose healing potential is somewhat compromised. Children with underlying diagnosis of cerebral palsy, spina bifida and other chronic debilitating conditions are particularly susceptible. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is a newer technique to promote healing of wounds resistant to treatment by established methods. This article aims to review the efficacy of the VAC system in the treatment of deep spinal infections following spinal instrumentation and fusion in children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 33 patients with deep postoperative surgical site infection treated with wound VAC technique. We reviewed clinical and laboratory data, including the ability to retain the spinal hardware, loss of correction and recurrent infections. Results : All patients successfully completed their wound VAC treatment regime. None had significant loss of correction and one had persistent infection requiring partial hardware removal. The laboratory indices normalized in all but three patients. Conclusions: Wound VAC technique is a useful tool in the armamentarium of the spinal surgeon dealing with patients susceptible to wound infections, especially those with neuromuscular diseases. It allows for retention of the instrumentation and maintenance of the spinal correction. It is reliable and easy to use.
Lipid-Lowering Drugs

The links between coronary artery disease (CAD), diet, and hyperlipidemia (excess serum cholesterol and/or triglycerides) are well established, and the biological factors contributing to hyperi1pidemia are now well understood. The hyperlipoprotelnemias are defined and treated broadly along the lines of the Fredrickson-Levy classification (Table 11-1).
Multiscale Sensing: A new paradigm for actuated sensing of high frequency dynamic phenomena

Many environmental applications require high temporal frequency (rapidly changing) and spatially distributed phenomena to be sampled with high fidelity. This requires mobile sensing elements to perform guided sampling in regions of high variability. We propose a multiscale approach for efficiently sampling such phenomena. This approach introduces a hierarchy of sensors according to the sampling fidelity, spatial coverage, and mobility characteristics. In this paper, we report the development of a two-tier multiscale system where information from a low-fidelity, high spatial (global) sensor actuates a mobile robotic node, carrying a high-fidelity, low spatial coverage (spot measurement) sensor, to perform guided sampling in the regions of high phenomenon variability. As a case study of the proposed multiscale paradigm, we investigated the spatiotemporal distribution of the light intensity in a forest understory. The performance of the multiscale approach is verified in simulation and on a physical system. Results suggest that our approach is adequate for the problem of high-frequency spatiotemporal phenomena sampling and significantly outperforms traditional sampling approaches such as a raster scan.
Calibration and validation of a non-point source pollution model

Surface runoff and sediment transport influence soil quality and the quality of receiving waters. Simulation models are useful tools to describe drainage behavior and sediment yield to develop management strategies for agricultural waters. The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Model (AGNPS) and modified versions comparing measured and predicted surface runoff and sediment yield at the drainage outlet. The study was carried out using 52 rainfall-runoff events from two small watersheds in Bavaria, 22 for calibration and 30 for validation. Evaluation of model outputs was based on graphical displays contrasting measured and predicted values for each rainfall-runoff event, and standard statistics such as coefficient of efficiency. A comparison between three different surface runoff methods Q1 (uncalibrated curve number (CN) method), Q2 (calibrated CN method), and Q3 (Lutz method) showed that the uncalibrated CN method underestimated measured surface runoff considerable, while the Lutz method outperformed the calibrated CN method and was better than the uncalibrated CN method. The modifications made to sediment yield calculations encompassed: (i) replacement of the Universal Soil Loss Equation LS factor algorithm by one based on stream power theory (variant S2), and (ii) linkage of channel erosion by individual categories of particlesize to runoff velocity (variant S3). The sediment yield predictions by S2 and S3 outperformed the predictions of S1 (USLE). Calculations based on S3 gave the best agreement when compared to measured sediment yield values at the drainage outlet. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Influence of forest riparian vegetation on abundance and biomass of nocturnal flying insects

Despite widespread recognition of linkages between vegetation and insects, understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying these relationships is limited. Better comprehension of relationships linking abundance and biomass of insects to vegetation would increase accuracy of predictions of the effects of forest management activities on insect communities. This knowledge could also be pivotal to understanding predator–prey dynamics linked to insect populations. We sampled nocturnal flying insects and measured vegetation characteristics in 34 stream reaches in conifer-dominated forests of the Oregon Coast Range in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. We considered five a priori hypotheses (resource quality, resource diversity, resource abundance, resource concentration, and stream cover hypotheses) that could explain mechanisms underlying associations between riparian vegetation and nocturnal flying insects, and used an information-theoretic approach to determine the relative strength of evidence for each. The resource quality hypothesis, which predicts that abundance and biomass of insects increases with cover of deciduous vegetation, explained substantial variation for nearly every order of insect investigated, whereas the remaining hypotheses explained relatively little. Abundance and biomass of insects had stronger associations with characteristics of canopy trees than with characteristics of shrub or understory trees, suggesting that deciduous trees are an important habitat element for nocturnal flying insects in these areas. Resource managers planning riparian vegetation management in conifer-dominated forests should be aware that manipulation of the cover of deciduous trees in riparian areas could have a large impact on these insects and their vertebrate predators. By providing information on forest canopy composition, remote sensing may offer a low-cost tool for identifying areas with high abundance and biomass of insects during conservation planning.
Design challenges at 65nm and beyond

Semiconductor manufacturing technology faces ever-greater challenges of pitch, mobility, variability, leakage, and reliability. To enable cost-effective continuation of the semiconductor roadmap, there is greater need for design technology to provide "equivalent scaling", and for product-specific design innovation (multi-core architecture, software support, beyond-die integration, etc.) to provide "more than Moore" scaling. Design challenges along the road to 45nm include variability and power management, and leverage of design-manufacturing synergies. Potential solutions include "design for manufacturability" bridges between chip implementation and manufacturing know-how.
CCR5-Dependent Activation of mTORC1 Regulates Translation of Inducible NO Synthase and COX-2 during Encephalomyocarditis Virus Infection

Encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) infection of macrophages results in the expression of a number of inflammatory and antiviral genes, including inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. EMCV-induced macrophage activation has been shown to require the presence of CCR5 and the activation of PI3K-dependent signaling cascades. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of PI3K in regulating the macrophage responses to EMCV. We show that PI3K regulates EMCV-stimulated iNOS and COX-2 expression by two independent mechanisms. In response to EMCV infection, Akt is activated and regulates the translation of iNOS and COX-2 through the mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1. The activation of mTORC1 during EMCV infection is CCR5-dependent and appears to function in a manner that promotes the translation of iNOS and COX-2. CCR5-dependent mTORC1 activation functions as an antiviral response, as mTORC1 inhibition increases the expression of EMCV polymerase. PI3K also regulates the transcriptional induction of iNOS and COX-2 in response to EMCV infection by a mechanism that is independent of Akt and mTORC1 regulation. These findings indicate that macrophage expression of the inflammatory genes iNOS and COX-2 occurs via PI3K- and Akt-dependent translational control of mTORC1 and PI3K-dependent, Akt-independent transcriptional control.
The Consecutive Integer Game

Two previously unacquainted contestants, Xeno (X) and Yvonne (Y), sit at a table facing each other and play a game. You are the referee. Once the spectators are all seated, you randomly choose two positive, consecutive integers and, with a black marker, write one of the numbers on Xeno's forehead and the other number on Yvonne's forehead. Each player can read the other's number but not his or her own. [For example, you give Xeno 2475 and Yvonne 2476. Xeno sees 2476 and knows that his number is either 2475 or 2477, but he doesn't know which.] The first player to figure out his or her own number wins. The game proceeds in rounds.
Antibiotic aerosolization: tissue and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations in turkey poults.

SUMMARY Oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC) was delivered by aerosol to healthy 3-week-old turkeys. Trachea, lung, and plasma were evaluated for OTC levels at 1, 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 hours after aerosol exposure. In Expt. 1, 15 poults in a modified Horsfall unit were exposed to 1 g OTC/m3 of air using a DeVilbiss ultrasonic nebulizer. In Expt. 2, 25,000 poults in a commercial confinement unit were exposed to 0.075 g of OTC/m3 of air using a Fogmaster fogger. In each case, initially high tracheal and lung OTC concentrations were obtained. OTC levels in the trachea fell to less than 1 ,g/g between 4 and 8 hours postexposure. Plasma OTC levels remained low throughout both experiments. Oxytetracycline was still detectable in room air 60 min after aerosol exposure and before ventilation was restored. This method of administration may have promise for use in respiratory infections, but additional studies are needed to further define the use of aerosol therapy in poultry production units.
The Columbian Timber Beetle, Corthylus columbianus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). VI. Description of Damage in Sycamore

Artifacts of the Columbian timber beetle, Corthylus columbianus Hopkins, are described from sycamore. Living tree hosts are attacked, which fact allows dating of historical presence. A southwestern Indiana stand reflected an outbreak of this beetle in 1956. Typical artifacts had 3 galleries, a mean of 15.7 egg cradles per artifact, a reddish associated stain, and a large necrotic area at the entrance hole. Although the general configuration of the artifacts in sycamore was similar to those in red and silver maple, a major difference was the higher egg cradle population in sycamore.
Temporal neurite registration using hierarchical alignments

We study the development of neuronal morphology with respect to temporal correspondences among branching features. We pose the problem as a three-dimensional registration of the observed neuronal morphologies over time, given already calculated neurite traces, where we exploit the inherent tree-like structures. We align branches from pairs of development instances in a hierarchical fashion, from bigger to smaller groups (subtrees), and the alignment costs are accumulated along the defined recursion depths to calculate optimal correspondences. This way, matching is repeated sequentially in different resolutions, first between ‘primary’ branches, and then within their corresponding subtrees. We validate our method using traces of sensory neurons of the larva Drosophila in successive developmental instances (second to third and third to fourth instar).
The Negotiations in London in 1820

Dissatisfaction with the territorial arrangement of the treaty of 13 August 1814, first expressed by Van Hogendorp (See above, p. 19), was revived by Elout in a private letter to Falck in 1817. Elout set forth “that it seemed desirable to him to cede to England the factories on the mainland of Hindostan and Bengal which had to be returned to the Netherlanders,” a transfer yet to take place at the time of writing. In exchange for these territories the Netherlands “would be granted those which the English have in Sumatra, upon which island, then, no other European nation but ours would be established.” After communicating these views to the king, Falck then discussed the value of the continental Indian possessions. On 28 June 1817 Van Braam had been appointed commissioner to receive these stations. He went to Bengal and on 15 September 1817 assumed authority over Chinsura, Calcapore, Padna, Behar, and Fultha. “Less fortunate” on the Coro-mandel coast, he succeeded only on 31 March 1818 in securing the transfer of Bimilipatnam, Jaggernaīkpoer Sadras, Tutikoryn, etc.1 Commissioner Van Braam reported from Sadras to the Governor General: The condition of these places is most pitiable... In all the possessions on this coast, there is no longer a single public building in which one could be housed... I dare not delude Your Excellency with prospects for improvement ... No improvement in the state of these possessions is to be expected, especially as it is to the interest of the English E. I. Company to make the position of foreigners in these parts as unpleasant as possible.2
Periodic response predictions of beams on nonlinear and viscoelastic unilateral foundations using incremental harmonic balance method

Abstract Buildings, railway tracks, drill strings and off-shore pipelines are all treated as structures on elastic foundations in order to study their response behavior in many engineering applications. Also, flexible polyurethane foams used for cushioning in furniture, foot-ware, and automotive industries serve as foundations, and exhibit complex nonlinear viscoelastic behavior. It is challenging to develop models of systems that include these foam-like materials and are able to predict the behaviour over a wide range of loading conditions. Even when using the simpler models commonly utilized in the literature, it is computationally expensive to predict the steady-state response of these structures to static and harmonic loads. In this work a pinned-pinned beam interacting with a viscoelastic foundation which can react both in tension and compression, or in compression alone is considered. The model developed here is capable of predicting the response to static as well as dynamic forces, whether they are concentrated or distributed. If the foundation reacts only in compression, the contact region changes with beam motion and the estimation of the unknown contact region is embedded into the iterative solution procedure. The steady-state solution is expressed as the sum of an arbitrary number of modes of an undamped pinned-pinned beam and Galerkin method is used to derive equations for the modal amplitudes. Incremental harmonic balance is used to make the steady-state frequency response predictions more efficient and a pseudo arc-length continuation technique is used to track both stable and unstable solution branches. By using these computationally efficient solution approaches, it is possible to explore a much wider variety of loading conditions and also quickly determine the number of modes required for convergence of the periodic solution. By using this solution method, the influence of various system parameters on the response of the beam is studied.
Psychometric Properties of Disaster Event Reaction Items From the Crisis Counseling Individual/Family Encounter Log.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article was to examine the psychometric properties of the Crisis Counseling Assistance and Training Program (CCP) data collection instrument, the Individual/Family Encounter Log (IFEL). Data collected from disaster survivors included how they reacted to events in emotional, behavioral, physical, and cognitive domains. These domains are based on conceptual categorization of event reactions and allow CCP staff to provide survivors with referrals to appropriate behavioral health support resources, if warranted. METHODS: This study explored the factor structure of these survey items to determine how best to use the available information as a screen of disaster-related behavioral health indicators. Specifically, our first research question explored and confirmed the optimal factor structure of the event reaction items, and our second question examined whether the new factor structure was similar across disaster types: hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, and wildfires. Using a factor analytic technique, we tested whether our event reaction outcomes achieved consistent and reliable measurement across different disaster situations. Finally, we assessed how the new subscales were correlated with the type of risk to which CCP disaster survivors were exposed. RESULTS: Our analyses revealed 3 factors: (1) depressive-like, (2) anxiety-like, and (3) somatic. In addition, we found that these factors were coherent for hurricanes, floods, and wildfires, although the basic factor structure was not equivalent for tornadoes. CONCLUSION: Implications for use of the IFEL in disaster preparedness, response, and recovery are discussed. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 10). Language: en
System-on-Chip Power Consumption Refinement and Analysis

Accurate power consumption estimation of a System-on-Chip (SoC) using modeling techniques is difficult due to the diverse mixture of processes with radically different current consumption. It is very important that these estimations will be fine tuned to the specific SoC with accurate current measurement during the design and prototyping phase. We introduce an accurate method to measure power consumption using a single measurement point and a dynamic logging algorithm. We present a demonstration tool for continuous logging of the instantaneous power consumption with an identification of the running process within the SoC. Our approach can also be used to steer the dynamic power management (DPM) of a SoC.
Progressive and cumulative fabric effects of multiple hydroentangling impacts at different water pressures on greige cotton substrate

A three-part practical study was conducted on a commercial-grade hydroentanglement system to determine the progressive and cumulative fabric effects of multiple hydroentangling impacts at three different high (hydroentangling) water pressures (HWPs) on classical properties of the resulting nonwoven fabrics made with a substrate of commercially cleaned greige cotton lint. In the first part of the study, the progressive and cumulative effects of a series of four hydroentangling passes (equal to eight hydroentangling exposures or impacts) were studied at a relatively low HWP of 65 bars. In the second and third parts, the progressive and cumulative effects of multiple hydroentanglements at relatively higher HWP(s) of 90 bars and 130 bars were studied. The hydroentangling energy required for the various fabrics (made with the different HWPs and number of hydroentangling passes or impacts) was calculated to assess the overall impact of the energy on the fabric properties. The study has shown that each successive hydroentangling pass and each elevated HWP generally resulted in decreased fabric weight, thickness and air permeability and increased fabric whiteness and water absorbency. The tensile properties of the fabrics, in both the machine direction (MD) and the cross direction (CD), generally increased progressively with each successive hydroentangling pass at the low HWP of 65 bars, but this trend, especially in the CD, was not pronounced at the HWPs of 90 bars and 130 bars, perhaps indicating the attainment of optimum hydroentanglements and hence of tensile properties in the first pass alone at the higher HWPs. The hydro energy imparted to formation of the various fabrics made with the above stated process parameters of interest have shown that the two or four passes of the substrate at the low 65-bar HWP required less energy and yielded greater fabric absorbency compared to the one or two passes of the substrate at (twice) the HWP of 130 bars. On the other hand, only one pass of the substrate at 90 bars and 130 bars yielded greater tensile strength with reduced energy requirement, compared to the four passes at 65 bars. These results show that, depending on the required or preferred fabric properties, the stated hydroentangling process parameters can be considerably manipulated to achieve efficient hydroentanglement and improved energy efficiency.
PERI-PROCEDURAL USE OF NOVEL ORAL ANTICOAGULATION AGENTS DURING CARDIAC DEVICE IMPLANTATION: ARE THEY SAFE?

Background: Safety of peri-procedural use of novel oral anticoagulation agents (NOACs) during cardiac device implantation has been suggested in small observational studies. Larger data affirming its safety is lacking. Methods: We performed a multicenter evaluation of safety of uninterrupted
Treating patients with colorectal liver metastasis: A national decision-making analysis to understand choice of therapy.

3596 Background: Criteria for resectability of colon cancer liver metastases (CLM) are evolving, yet little is known about how physicians choose a therapeutic strategy for potentially resectable CL...