cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using functional magnetic resonance imaging in psychotherapy research: A brief introduction to concepts, methods, and task selection.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become an increasingly important methodology in the study of psychotherapy outcome and process. In this article, the authors offer a brief introduction to the use of fMRI in psychotherapy research aimed primarily at the informed clinician or investigator and with the goal of facilitating an understanding of study design and interpretation of research findings. After introducing the method and offering a rationale for its use in the study of psychotherapy, the authors outline major issues in fMRI data collection and analysis and emphasize the central role of the tasks used during the imaging session as critical to the interpretation of findings. They discuss how task selection influences the conclusions that can be drawn from fMRI studies of psychotherapeutic intervention and close with recommendations and caveats for the consumer of fMRI/psychotherapy research.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS IN THE RAT TRIGEMINAL NERVE DURING MYELINATION

A method for the ultrastructural localization of acyltransferase enzymes involved in phospholipid metabolism has been applied to the developing rat trigeminal nerve. Determination of acyltransferase levels in the nerve indicated that a peak of activity occurs at the 8th day after birth with gradual declines of activity up to 15 days. Morphological surveys and determinations of cholesterol levels suggested that heavy myelin formation occurs in the nerve during this latter period. Fixed nerves incubated in a medium for localization of acyltransferases indicated deposition of reaction product associated with Golgi cisternae, intracellular smooth vesicles, and the plasma membrane of the Schwann cell in the incipient stages of myelin formation. Golgi-derived vesicles appeared to move toward the Schwann cell surface and fuse with the plasma membrane. Activity continued to be detectable in the plasma membrane of the internal mesaxon as long as cytoplasm was evident and mature myelin membrane was not yet formed. Cells in which myelin formation appeared advanced showed little or no enzyme marker. Consistent with cytochemical observations were biochemical determinations of acyltransferases which showed high levels of the enzymes in microsomes, while no activity could be detected in the myelin fraction. Acyltransferase reaction product was also observed in the Golgi apparatus of ganglion cell bodies, axoplasmic smooth vesicles, and the axolemma. Localization of acyltransferase enzymes in Schwann cells, ganglion cell bodies, and axons during development of the nerve is discussed in relation to membrane biogenesis in the nervous system.
An aqueous low-viscosity density- and refractive index-matched suspension system

A new aqueous, neutrally buoyant, refractive index-matched suspension system with a continuous phase viscosity of 4.99 cP consisting of PMMA spheres suspended in a ternary mixture of water, glycerin and ammonium thiocyanate was developed and characterized. The data were used to develop simple models of optical transmission as a function of particle concentration and refractive index as a function of solution composition and temperature.
Bayesian Inference of Odds Ratios in Misclassified Binary Data with a Validation Substudy

We propose a fully Bayesian model with a non-informative prior for analyzing misclassified binary data with a validation substudy. In addition, we derive a closed-form algorithm for drawing all parameters from the posterior distribution and making statistical inference on odds ratios. Our algorithm draws each parameter from a beta distribution, avoids the specification of initial values, and does not have convergence issues. We apply the algorithm to a data set and compare the results with those obtained by other methods. Finally, the performance of our algorithm is assessed using simulation studies.
Student Teacher Support: Collaborative Experiences in a Technology Training Partnership

Abstract Student teaching is a critical time in the training of preservice teachers. During this experience, students are often under stress, and frequently focus on the affective aspects of their experience. However, student teachers are often placed in relatively isolated settings, with little opportunity for support. The purpose of this study is to describe the experiences and interactions of student teachers who were placed with a group of peers in one school as part of a technology training partnership project. Data sources included journals, interviews, and researcher field notes. The implications suggest that student teaching experiences be structured to provide collaborative opportunities for prospective teachers.
Highway User Travel Time Evaluation

Improved highway networks result in net benefits to society, of which the reduction in travel time is one of the most important. Similarly, the delay in travel due to construction and maintenance operations represents a real cost to users. Assignment of the value of time in the cases of both benefit and cost involves judgment, as individuals value time differently and adjust for travel time changes in various ways. Values based on wage rates traditionally have been used because they are convenient, but an alternative approach based on purchase of leisure time is proposed. A full life-cycle cost assessment of a project requires an evaluation of future savings in travel time projected over a project’s lifetime, as well as delay costs associated with construction and subsequent maintenance operations. Due to the economic, as well as social complexity of user travel time, alternative measures of valuation and its network effects need to be considered.
Delayed Presentation and Treatment of Tracheobronchial Injuries Due to Blunt Trauma

Background Blunt thoracic trauma that results in tracheobronchial injury is difficult to diagnose. Many injuries are catastrophic and result in early mortality. Others are not immediately life threatening and are missed at initial presentation. Some of those injuries will later become symptomatic and will require medical attention. Ideal treatment in that situation is not yet clearly defined. Objectives The objective is to review the current literature of delayed diagnoses of traumatic tracheobronchial injuries, their management, and the results of the most common repair methods. An interesting case report from this institution is presented as well. Design A Medline search of the English literature of delayed presentation of tracheobronchial injuries over the past 10 years was performed. Delayed diagnosis was defined as injuries not identified during the initial hospitalization. Results The median time from initial presentation to diagnosis was 6 months. Dyspnea (56%) and pneumonia (39%) were the most common complaints. No difference in complications was observed between parenchymal sparing procedures and resections. Conclusions Despite delays in presentation and the radiographic appearance of destroyed distal lung, proximal injuries can often be repaired without sacrifice of distal lung parenchyma. Bronchial sleeve resections or end-to-end anastomosis can be performed safely in most situations.
SU-GG-T-407: Modeling a New Varian Linac Using a CAD to Geant4 Geometry Implementation: Dose and IAEA-Compliant Phase Space Calculations

Purpose: To (1) use accurate CAD linac treatment head geometry for Geant4 Monte Carlo calculations to minimize the errors due to approximations of the linac treatment head components used in previous studies, (2) investigate the CAD to Geant4 linking procedure through 6MV dose calculations, and (3) provide IAEA‐compliant patient‐independent phase space files. Method and Materials: Geant4 v4.9.2.p01 was employed to simulate the treatment head geometry of the newest Varian linac for a 6MV beam. The geometry components are tessellated solids included in Geant4 as GDML (Generalized Dynamic Markup Language) files obtained via STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product) export from Pro/Engineering, followed by STEP import in Fastrad, a STEP‐GDML converter. An IAEA‐compliant phase space writer was implemented between the shielding collimator and the upper jaws on a cylindrical geometry due to the compact treatment head and the divergent arc of the jaws. The simulation was run in parallel on the SLAC cluster. The dose calculations were based on a combined total of 26 billion histories. The voxel size for the 60×60×40cm3 water phantom was 4×4×4 mm3. Results: For the percent depth dose profiles, the agreement between experiment and Monte Carlo is within 2% for 4×4, 10×10, 20×20, 30×30 and 40×40 cm2field sizes. For the lateral dose profiles, the agreement is within 3%. The fractional uncertainty of the average dose for the voxels with dose larger than 0.5 of the maximum dose decreased from ∼4% to ∼2% for field sizes increasing from 4×4 to 40×40 cm2. Conclusions: We have developed and validated the Geant4 simulated IAEA‐compliant phase space of the new Varian linac for the 6MV beam obtained using a high precision geometry implementation from CAD. These files will be made publicly available and could be used for further dose calculations. Supported in part by Varian Medical Systems
Frequency of use, knowledge, and attitudes toward the contraceptive sponge among inner-city black and hispanic adolescent females

This study assessed the frequency of use, knowledge, and attitudes toward the contraceptive sponge in sexually active, inner-city, black and Hispanic adolescent females. A 54-item, self-administered questionnaire was completed by 208 adolescents (mean age 17.9 years) attending a gynecology/family planning clinic within a comprehensive adolescent health center. Twenty-nine (13.9%) had never used any birth control, and 49 (23.6%) had not used any form of birth control in the 3 months prior to the study. Fifty-three (25.5%) of the adolescents had used a less reliable method such as rhythm and/or withdrawal. The birth control method used least was the sponge. Only four (1.9%) of the adolescents had used the sponge in the 3 months prior to the study, and only ten (4.8%) had ever used it. Knowledge of the correct use of the sponge was poor. However, 69 (44.8%) of the 156 girls who knew about the sponge had a positive attitude toward it, and only 19% said they did not like it. The contraceptive sponge may be a viable option for adolescents, particularly those who are not using birth control or who are using a less reliable method.
Interaction of harderian glands, illumination, and temperature on thyroid hormones in golden hamsters.

In this study, Harderianectomy (Hdx) has been shown to differentially modify circulating levels of the thyroid hormones, T4 and T3, in male and female golden hamsters exposed to low photic intensities or to moderately low temperatures.
Methods of intermittent positive pressure breathing.

Inspiratory capacity (IC) was evaluated in 60 patients during the following four respiratory maneuvers: (1) coached unassisted inspiration; (2) inspiratory positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) at 15 cm H2O with the patient passively inspiring; (3) IPPB at 15 cm H2O with the patient coached to actively inspire; and (4) IPPB at a peak pressure adjusted according to the judgment of the respiratory therapist, with the patient coached to actively inspire. The IC attained with these maneuvers were, respectively, as follows: (1) 1.29 ± 0.75 L; (2) 1.13 ± 0.52 L; (3) 1.77 ± 0.11 L; and (4) 2.27 ± 0.11 L (mean ± SE). The peak ventilator pressure for maneuver 4 averaged 30 ± 7 cm H2O (mean ± SD), and no patient experienced harmful side effects from these peak pressures. These data indicate that the method of treatment with IPPB has profound effects upon the degree of pulmonary expansion. All research on therapy with IPPB should be carefully controlled for the method of administering IPPB, and the volumes obtained during the treatment should be carefully documented before general conclusions are drawn concerning the effects of IPPB on morbidity. For the present, we suggest that IPPB, when administered clinically, be given as described in method 4.
The SLC39 Family of Zinc Transporters

Zinc is a trace element nutrient that is essential for life. This mineral serves as a cofactor for enzymes that are involved in critical biochemical processes and it plays many structural roles as well. At the cellular level, zinc is tightly regulated and disruption of zinc homeostasis results in serious physiological or pathological issues. Despite the high demand for zinc in cells, free or labile zinc must be kept at very low levels. In humans, two major zinc transporter families, the SLC30 (ZnT) family and SLC39 (ZIP) family control cellular zinc homeostasis. This review will focus on the SLC39 transporters. SLC39 transporters primarily serve to pass zinc into the cytoplasm, and play critical roles in maintaining cellular zinc homeostasis. These proteins are also significant at the organismal level, and studies are revealing their link to human diseases. Therefore, we will discuss the function, structure, physiology, and pathology of SLC39 transporters.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanide adsorbed on gold and platinum-group transition metal electrodes.

Self-assembled monolayers of 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanide (PDI) were formed on Au and Pt-group transition metals and examined by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy under controlled applied potential. On all of the metals examined, PDI adsorbs in an edge-on manner, with one NC group bound to the surface and the other pointing away from the surface. The N−C stretching frequency (νNC) suggests that depending on the metal, PDI adsorbs on different binding sites: terminal sites on Au, both terminal and bridging on Rh and Pt, and predominantly 3-fold hollow sites for Pd. This binding site preference can be understood in terms of the difference in d-band center energy and d-orbital filling among the metals. The applied potential affects the N−C bonding differently as inferred from the potential dependence of νNC. On Au, Rh, and Pd, the νNC increases linearly with the applied potential, yielding a Stark tuning slope, dνNC/dE, of 25, 12, and 10 cm-1/V, respectively. On Pt, the νNC is nearly independent of the app...
Fine structure of trions and excitons in single GaAs quantum dots

Trions and excitons, localized laterally in quantum-dot-like potentials in GaAs quantum wells, were studied by magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy as a function of magnetic field strength and orientation. Single-trion spectroscopy was demonstrated using high spatial resolution. We present a comparative study of the fine structure of single localized excitons and trions.
Water-table fluctuation in semipervious stream-unconfined aquifer systems

Abstract Available expressions which describe the water-table fluctuation in a stream-aquifer system are based primarily on the assumption that the bed of the stream is as permeable as the aquifer it completely cuts through. Analytical expressions are developed, in terms of the head averaged over the depth of saturation, which take into account the semiperviousness of the streambed. The situations considered are finite and semi-infinite aquifer systems in which the water level in the semipervious stream is suddenly lowered below its initial elevation, and suddenly raised above its initial elevation, and maintained constant thereafter. As a by-product, solutions are also obtained for finite and semi-infinite aquifer systems in which the bed of the stream is as permeable as the aquifer.
Academic Careers in Community Colleges

The job market for newly minted political science Ph.D.s has been bleak for a long time and is likely to remain so for a long time. There has been a lot of gnashing of teeth about this, and a lot has been made of doctoral students' need to consider “alternative careers.” There has not, however, been much written about an alternative some young scholars may find attractive: teaching at a community college. As a political scientist who has made the transition from a regional university to a four-year liberal arts college and, finally, to a community college, I know how rewarding it can be to teach at a community college. I also know first hand that many community colleges are actively seeking to recruit faculty with terminal degrees, partly to take advantage of the sluggish academic job market (Haworth 1999a, A12). Therefore, I thought this a propitious time to translate my experience into some useful recommendations for political science graduate students who might be weighing the advantages and disadvantages of community college teaching. My suggestions are aimed at both those with a doctorate and those who have been advanced to candidacy and might be wavering over whether to write the dissertation. They are also aimed at the faculty in doctoral departments who want to undertake serious and sustained measures to prepare some of their candidates for community college careers.
Stochastic analysis of stepwise cellulose degradation

Abstract Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose. The enzymatic degradation of cellulose can be stepwise or random depending on the enzymes acting on it. In this work, a stochastic approach is used to model stepwise degradation. The model predicts the distribution, mean and variance of the number or concentration of cellulose chains with j glucose units arising from hydrolysis at any time t . Estimates of the intensities (or reaction rate constants) of degradation are obtained by fitting the model to experimental data.
Transcription of the T4 late genes

This article reviews the current state of understanding of the regulated transcription of the bacteriophage T4 late genes, with a focus on the underlying biochemical mechanisms, which turn out to be unique to the T4-related family of phages or significantly different from other bacterial systems. The activator of T4 late transcription is the gene 45 protein (gp45), the sliding clamp of the T4 replisome. Gp45 becomes topologically linked to DNA through the action of its clamp-loader, but it is not site-specifically DNA-bound, as other transcriptional activators are. Gp45 facilitates RNA polymerase recruitment to late promoters by interacting with two phage-encoded polymerase subunits: gp33, the co-activator of T4 late transcription; and gp55, the T4 late promoter recognition protein. The emphasis of this account is on the sites and mechanisms of actions of these three proteins, and on their roles in the formation of transcription-ready open T4 late promoter complexes.
Experimental and computational studies of unsteady viscous flows

This paper describes progress in validating incompressible Navier-Stokes codes using image-processed flow-field data. Solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations using a predictor/corrector scheme are compared directly with experimental data. A uniform asymptotic expansion is used as an initial condition in order to correctly capture the initial growth of the vortex sheet. With the aid of an experimental study in a tow tank using the particle streak visualization method, measured and computed velocity vectors are compared directly. Comparison of the velocity data with computations shows little effect of initial conditions and varying grid geometry on the predictive capabilities.
Studies with the folate binding protein in chronic granulocytic leukaemia cells. I. Synthesis and release of binder by cells in short-term culture.

Summary. Chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) cells which contained a high concentration of unsaturated folate binding protein were incubated in suspension culture for a period of 5 h. Cell samples were periodically assayed for binder and these demonstrated active synthesis which was inhibited by puromycin, cyclo-heximide, N-ethylmaleimide, and by incubation at 4°, but not by actinomycin D. Folate binding activity could also be demonstrated in the culture medium and this increased with the duration of incubation. This release of binder was inhibited by culturing the cells at 4° and by the addition of N-ethylmaleimide, but not by actinomycin D, puromycin, or cycloheximide. When the pre- and post-culture cell lysates were saturated with tritiated folic acid ([3H]PteGlu) and subjected to chromatography on DEAE-agarose, approximately half of the bound folate eluted with 0.001 M phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and the other half eluted with 0.2 M buffer at pH 7.2. The culture medium and plasma from this patient with CGL as well as serum from two normal subjects saturated with [3H]PteGlu and similarly chromatographed contained primarily the acidic binder and much less of the binder eluting with the low molarity buffer. Since a folate binding protein immunochemically similar to the binder in CGL cells has been identified in the serum of non-leukaemic subjects, these experiments suggest that the source of circulating folate binding protein may be the immature granulocyte.
The role of diurnal pressure measurements in the management of open angle glaucoma.

Purpose of review The measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) is essential in the diagnosis and management of open-angle glaucoma, but a single measurement in the ophthalmologist’s office may or may not reflect what the IOP is at other times of the day or night. It is well documented that the range of the daily fluctuations in IOP is greater in patients with glaucoma than in normal individuals, and a report by Asrani et al. suggested that the range of the diurnal fluctuation may be an independent risk factor for the progression of visual field loss. There have been reports of nocturnal increases in IOP, particularly in patients with normal tension glaucoma, and some ophthalmologists believe these may account for progression of visual field loss in some patients with glaucoma. This review will analyze recent articles that report the impact of various glaucoma therapies on the diurnal IOP curve and the use of diurnal curves in glaucoma diagnosis. Recent findings A number of recent publications document that antiglaucoma medications with a long duration of action reduce the range of diurnal fluctuation more than the shorter duration medications. Laser trabeculoplasty and trabeculectomy also narrow the range of diurnal fluctuation, and at least one recent study finds that trabeculectomy reduces the diurnal range more than medical therapy does. Several recent studies of diurnal IOP in patients with glaucoma have failed to document such diurnal IOP spikes, so the published data available have not supported this hypothesis. Summary One recent report has reconfirmed that a single IOP measurement in the office may not accurately indicate what is happening to the IOP of a patient with glaucoma throughout the day. Other reports have confirmed that treatment that lowers IOP narrows the range of diurnal IOP fluctuation, and one of these reports suggests that surgical reduction of IOL may narrow the fluctuation more than medical reduction of IOP. The reports of IOP during the night have not provided clear answers about what happens to IOP during sleep.
Demethylation of [4-methoxy-14C]-N-acetyl 1-3,4-dimethoxy-phenethylamine in schizophrenics — A preliminary study

Abstract Intravenous 14 C-NADMPEA was administered to four acute schizophrenics, two chronic schizophrenics and four normal controls to determine if there were differences in demethylation as measured by exhaled 14 CO 2 . Differences in demethylation were observed, indicating an aberrant or unusual demethylation of compounds in schizophrenia. Further investigation with more subjects is warranted before definitive conclusions can be made.
Automated inference of atomic sets for safe concurrent execution

Atomic sets are a synchronization mechanism in which the programmer specifies the groups of data that must be accessed as a unit. The compiler can check this specification for consistency, detect deadlocks, and automatically add the primitives to prevent interleaved access. Atomic sets relieve the programmer from the burden of recognizing and pruning execution paths which lead to interleaved access, thereby reducing the potential for data races. However, manually converting programs from lock-based synchronization to atomic sets requires reasoning about the program's concurrency structure, which can be a challenge even for small programs. Our analysis eliminates the challenge by automating the reasoning. Our implementation of the analysis allowed us to derive the atomic sets for large code bases such as the Java collections framework in a matter of minutes. The analysis is based on execution traces; assuming all traces reflect intended behavior, our analysis enables safe concurrency by preventing unobserved interleavings which may harbor latent Heisenbugs.
A Rhetorical Typology for Studying the Audience Role in Public Relations Communication: The Avon 3‐Day Disruption as Exemplar

This study develops public relations theory using Aristotelian theory as a foundation and contemporary rhetorical and public relations scholarship to build a framework from which to extend the rhetorical public relations paradigm. This approach adds depth to rhetorically framed public relations theory and offers practical application for public relations scholarship. The article provides an example of how public relations researchers can apply the proposed rhetorical typology to better include the public, thus more fully understanding the audience role in communication relationships. A qualitative analysis of the online dialogue among Avon Breast Cancer 3-Day Walk participants during a time of uncertainty serves as an exemplar for the proposed use of rhetorical theory in public relations research. The key difference in the approach proposed here is the emphasis on the public as partners in the public relations dialogue who help shape rhetorical discourse. In contrast to the organization-centered approach, the public-centered tactic exposes the links as well as the disconnects between organization and public values, underscoring the importance for practitioners to provide meaningful contributions to the public–organization dialogue, creating, negotiating, and codefining meaning with publics.
Circularity of paleomagnetic data sets: an aid in the recognition of contaminating secondary overprints

Abstract A simple method is presented for determining in a statistical sense whether or not a paleomagnetic data set is circularly distributed about its mean. The method uses the same principal component analysis that is commonly used in paleomagnetic data processing and yields a ratio a/b, where a and b refer to the intermediate and minimum eigenvectors obtained from a principal component analysis in which the analysis is constrained to the origin of the coordinate system. Tables and graphs are presented that provide a/b ratios at 95% and 99% confidence limits for data sets with differing numbers of specimens. If the a/b ratio has a value greater than the tabulated threshold values, then the parent distribution may be taken to be elliptical rather than circular at the corresponding confidence limit. The method should see application in distinguishing data sets contaminated by a small secondary overprint, even after demagnetization, from data sets that are not significantly contaminated by components other than random noise.
A lattice path lemma and an application in enzyme kinetics

Abstract We start by proving that if a lattice path from (0,0) to (a,b) is chosen at random it has probability 1 (k+1) of passing underneath k points in the rectangle picked at random but with the ordinates and abscissas both in increasing order. We next translate this result into results about pairs of noncrossing paths. Consider a row of M enzymes each of which is either reduced (1) or oxidized (0) so that the row can be represented by a zero-one sequence. The basic transition rule is that an oxygen atom can be passed from left to right so that a 01 subsequence becomes 10 independently of the rest of the sequence. The steady state distributions are found by a surprising connection with the results on lattice paths.
Torsion of a meckel diverticulum associated with internal herniation and small bowel obstruction as a cause of right lower quadrant pain in a 12 yr. old girl

Abstract BACKGROUND: A number of complications have been described in adolescent girls who have a Meckel diverticulum. Painless rectal bleeding is the most common manifestation during the first two decades of life. Inflammation with diverticulitis may simulate acute appendicitis and lead to perforation with peritonitis. In addition, partial or complete bowel obstruction may occur when the diverticulum serves as the lead point of an intussusception. Intraperitoneal bands may also cause obstruction by internal herniation or volvulus of the small bowel around the band. The purpose of this paper is to heighten awareness among clinicians that torsion of a Meckel diverticulum and internal herniation with small bowel obstruction may present with intermittent right lower quadrant pain in adolescent girls. METHODS: A 12 year old girl was seen in consultation for evaluation of abdominal pain of two weeks duration. The pain was initially intermittent, but then became continuous shortly before she was evaluated at our center. The patient noted a decrease in appetite and she was afraid that the pain would recur whenever she ate. There was mild nausea with one episode of vomiting. There was no history of change in bowel habits or urinary tract symptoms. The patient was premenarchal and had not noted any vaginal discharge. On exam, she was afebrile and the vital signs were normal. The general physical was entirely unremarkable other than mild tenderness in the right lower quadrant. The rectal was also normal. A pelvic examination was not performed. RESULTS: The following studies were performed at the outlying hospital and found to be normal: complete blood count, serum chemistries, pregnancy test, urinalysis, urine culture and stool culture. A stool sample was slightly positive for occult blood. A plain film of the abdomen showed distended small bowel loops. Markedly thickened loops of small bowel in the right lower abdomen were seen on a CAT scan of the abdomen. The patient was felt to have a ruptured appendix and then transferred to our facility. At surgery, she was found to have torsion of a Meckel diverticulum with adhesive bands to the mesentery and an internal hernia with 20 centimeters of twisted, necrotic small bowel. The involved segment was then resected and the patient had an uneventful recovery. CONCLUSIONS: This paper documents that torsion of a Meckel diverticulum associated with internal herniation and small bowel obstruction may present in adolescent girls with unexplained right lower quadrant pain. Practitioners who provide gynecologic care for teenagers should be aware of this entity as it may simulate a number of pelvic conditions. Early recognition and prompt surgical treatment are essential to an optimal outcome so that any serious complications can be avoided.
8-Hydroxyquinoline: Chronic toxicity and inhibitory effect on the carcinogenicity of N-2-fluorenylacetamide☆

Abstract Administration of 0.8% 8-hydroxyquinoline in Wayne laboratory meal to 6-wk-old male Fischer strain rats for periods up to 18 mo resulted in reduced body weight gain compared with that of controls, but no significant difference in the incidence of neoplasia. A striking effect of the compound was its rapid induction of hemosiderosis in the liver and spleen and eventually also in the heart, kidneys, testes, adrenal glands, pancreas, and thyroid. A notable feature of the iron deposition was that it was excluded from the neoplastic cells of hepatomas and hyperplastic nodules occurring in livers in which parenchymal cells contained heavy deposits. 8-Hydroxyquinoline reduced the toxicity of N -2-fluorenylacetamide. In addition, administration of 0.8% 8-hydroxyquinoline together with 0.02% N -2-fluorenylacetamide led to a lower incidence of hepatic malignancies than when the carcinogen was fed alone in a time-limited test series. This reduction of the carcinogenicity of N -2-fluorenylacetamide was also reflected by increased survival time of rats fed 8-hydroxyquinoline together with the carcinogen compared to those fed the carcinogen alone.
The Structure of Firm R&D, the Factor Intensity of Production, and Skill Bias

This paper explores the effect of research and development (R&D) and capital on factor intensity and skill bias in a sample of manufacturing plants. Firm and industry R&D as well as plant level capital increase the factor intensity of labor over materials. In contrast, skill bias originates in portions of capital and R&D. Equipment capital and firm R&D in the same product as a plant are consistently skill biased, while structures are biased against skill. Furthermore, general firm and industry R&D increase investment in equipment but not structures. This shows that the skill bias of R&D occurs through two distinct channels. First, firm R&D specific to the product increases the relative demand for skilled labor directly and in the short run through the cost function. Second, general firm and industry R&D exert an additional skill bias by favoring equipment over structures in the long run, demonstrating the broader compass of the skill bias of R&D over time.
799 ADULT GAUCHER DISEASE (TYPE 1) AND COMPOUND HETEROZYGOTE (TYPE 1 AND 2) IN A GREEK FAMILY

Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive condition that presents in a variety of clinical forms, better known as adult, infantile and juvenile or Type 1, 2 and 3 GD respectively. A 22 month old greek female presented with history of progressive difficulties in breathing and swallowing and anemia plus splenomegaly noticed at the age of 3 months. She had normal growth and development, physical exam revealed a pale child with clinical picture of “Pseudobulbar palsy”, strabism, abdominal distention, hepatomegaly and massive splenomegaly. She had microcytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased acid phosphatase, foam cell in bone marrow aspiration and Erlenmeyer flask deformity of distal femurs. Her Hb electrophoresis, G-6-PD activity, RBC osmotic fragility ferritin, liver enzymes and chest x-ray were normal. There was a history of anemia and splenomegaly in her mother and maternal aunt. Her mother has been asymptomatic since 1981 when she underwent splenectomy. Glucosylceramide-β-glucosidase activity in leukocytes and skin fibroblasts was compatible with homozygote state in both, mother and child and heterozygote in the father. The findings in this family represents a rare compound heterozygote child with clinical manifestations of type 2 GD as result of a mating between a carrier of infantile GD and an homozygote of adult GD. Discrimination between izozymes for type 1 and 2 could have been interesting unfortunately cross reacting material to all 3 forms of the enzyme is commonly seen.
New approaches to model-free dimension reduction for bivariate regression

Dimension reduction with bivariate responses, especially a mix of a continuous and categorical responses, can be of special interest. One immediate application is to regressions with censoring. In this paper, we propose two novel methods to reduce the dimension of the covariates of a bivariate regression via a model-free approach. Both methods enjoy a simple asymptotic chi-squared distribution for testing the dimension of the regression, and also allow us to test the contributions of the covariates easily without pre-specifying a parametric model. The new methods outperform the current one both in simulations and in analysis of a real data. The well-known PBC data are used to illustrate the application of our method to censored regression.
Genetic Architecture of Carcass Composition in Chickens

A cross-sectional diallel experiment was used to estimate the contribution of various types of genetic variation for the chemical components of the chicken carcass. Populations tested included a commercially developed sire line (CM), a fertility-selected broiler line (FS), and the pureline Jersey Giant (JG). Average line effects were significant for body weight and total carcass water, fat, and protein. Line effects were significant only for percentage fat and water. Maternal effects and additive sex linkage were not significant for any carcass component on an absolute or percentage basis. Significant average heterosis and sex by heterosis interactions were observed for abdominal fat pad weight and total carcass fat. Male hybrids exhibited a 29% decrease in abdominal fat pad size, but female hybrids exhibited a 7% increase. Significant heterosis was observed among females, but not males, for percentage carcass fat. Changes in carcass fat via hybridization produced the largest percentage change among males due to heterosis of the sex chromosomes. In the present experiment, negative heterosis for abdominal fat among male progeny accounted for approximately 65% of the overall reduction in fat content of the carcass.
Shared responsibility for teacher preparation: An exploratory study of the match between skills of clinical teachers and those required of their teacher candidates

Abstract This paper reports the results of a study conducted within the context of a school–university partnership. Researchers investigated the degree to which clinical teachers regularly use and model proficiently the skills and knowledge required of teacher candidates to successfully move towards initial licensure. Results were encouraging for most domains, although less so for areas such as math, standards-based curriculum, and technology. Results indicated differences in the perceptions of clinical teachers, site coordinators, site professors, and other faculty within the professional development school. Researchers discuss the implications for the teacher education and professional development components of school–university partnerships.
Elevations in nociceptive thresholds following locus coeruleus lesions

Abstract Serotonin depletion or lesions of the midbrain dorsal raphe nuclei attenuate both morphine-produced and stimulation-produced analgesia. In contrast, norepinephrine depletion enhances both types of analgesia. To extend these findings, the effects of destruction of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) upon nociceptive flinch-jump thresholds were investigated. After four preoperative baseline sessions, lesions were placed in the LC bilaterally and nociceptive thresholds were determined for up to five weeks postoperatively. The lesions were localized by monoamine histofluorescence procedures together with conventional histological staining techniques. In 9 of 13 animals, the LC or its ascending dorsal noradrenergic bundle sustained either bilateral or unilateral damage, evidenced by green fluorescent back-up caudal to the lesions. Eight of these animals demonstrated significantly increased jump thresholds. In the remaining four animals, both lesions spared the LC and nociceptive thresholds were either unchanged or significantly decreased. In three of the four, raphe damage was noted, evidenced by yellow fluorescent back-up. The results suggest apparently contrasting roles of norepinephrine and serotonin in nociception.
Bile acids stimulate ATP hydrolysis in the purified cholesterol transporter ABCG5/G8.

ABCG5 and ABCG8 are half-size ABC transporters that function as heterodimers (ABCG5/G8) to reduce sterol absorption in the intestines and increase sterol excretion from the liver. Previous studies demonstrated that bile acids increased ABCG5/G8 specific cholesterol efflux in cell models. In this study we tested the effects of bile acids on ATP hydrolysis in Pichia pastoris purified ABCG5/G8 and found that they stimulated hydrolysis ∼20-fold in wild-type ABCG5/G8 but not in a hydrolysis-deficient mutant. Nonconjugated cholate supported the highest ATPase activity in ABCG5/G8 (256 ± 9 nmol min−1 mg−1). ATP hydrolysis was also stimulated by other conjugated bile acids and a mixture of bile acids resembling human bile with activities ranging from 129 ± 4 to 147 ± 14 nmol min−1 mg−1. The kinetic parameters, inhibitor profiles, and lipid requirements of bile acid stimulated ATP hydrolysis were characterized. Cholate-stimulated ATP hydrolysis was maximal at concentrations of ≥10 mM MgATP and had a relatively hig...
Management of optic neuritis.

To improve understanding and effectiveness of therapy in optic nerve disease, various causes of so-called optic neuritis should be identified when possible. The clinical characteristics of demyelinating optic neuropathy can be contrasted with those of ischemic optic neuropathy, nutritional optic neuropathy, true optic nerve inflammation (e.g., luetic), optic nerve infiltration with tumor, and compression neuropathy caused by adjacent tumor. Radiologic studies and other means of investigating patients with optic neuritis are reviewed. Arguments in favor of, and against, treatment of presumed demyelinating optic neuritis are presented along with representative corticosteroid treatment regimens. The natural tendency toward spontaneous improvement of optic neuritis makes the effect of treatment difficult to assess.
Increased mitochondrial activities in pigmented (melanized) fish cells and nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial large rRNA.

Abstract Using the substracted probe approach, we had previously isolated eight cDNAs whose corresponding RNAs are more abundant in pigmented (melanized) than in closely related unpigmented goldfish cell lines. We report here that two of these are of mitochondrial origin, suggesting that pigmentation is accompanied by higher content (activity) of mitochondria. We also present the complete nucleotide sequence of the full length cDNA for the large mitochondrial rRNA, showing the presence of a polyA tail, two polyadenylation signals and a long open reading frame potentially encoding for a polypeptide of 166 amino acids and with no known protein homologue. It is however unknown whether such a polypeptide is actually produced.
Recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis

A patient is presented who has a 71-year history of recurrent cutaneous leishmaniasis, despite treatment with antimonials, antituberculous drugs, and surgery. Classification and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis are discussed.
Advances in real-time nonlinear Raman microscopy

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy is evaluated for the purpose of real-time noninvasive microscopic imaging. We find optimal parameters for optical system design and demonstrate effective suppression of non-resonant background. High-speed microscopic imaging is demonstrated as well.
‘Only’ Noun Phrases, Pseudo-Negative Generalized Quantifiers, Negative Polarity Items, and Monotonicity+

The theory of Generalized Quantifiers has facilitated progress in the study of negation in natural language. In particular it has permitted the formulation of a DeMorgan taxonomy of logical strength of negative Noun Phrases (Zwarts 1996a,b). It has permitted the formulation of broad semantical generalizations to explain grammatical phenomena, e.g. the distribution of Negative Polarity Items (Ladusaw 1980 ; Linebarger 1981, 1987, 1991; Hoeksema 1986, 1995; Zwarts 1996a,b ; Horn 1992, 1996b). In the midst of this theorizing Jaap Hoepelman invited me to lecture in Stuttgart about Focus, and I took the opportunity to talk about a seminal paper on 'only Proper Name' and 'even Proper Name' by Larry Horn (1969), a paper that I had admired but that had nagged at me for years. The result of Hoepelman's invitation was Atlas (1991, 1993), in which I believed that I had discerned difficulties for the formal semantics of Negative Polarity Item sentences; 'only Proper Name' sentences licensed Zwarts's weak Negative Polarity Items, e.g. 'ever', 'any', but 'only Proper Name' was not a downwards monotonic quantifier, thus refuting the broad semantical generalization that any NPI licenser was a downward monotonic quantifier. In fact 'only Proper Name' was the first of a new category of generalized quantifier: the pseudo-anti-additive quantifier. Though I have explained and defended the introduction of this new category in this paper, a particular interest of my analysis is that it opens up the theory of Negative Polarity Items for further development; it permits the formulation of entirely new questions for research (see 'Open Questions', Appendix I). Along the way I was also trying to present a correct account of the formal semantics and implicatures of 'only a is F', a subject of theoretical investigation for the last 700 years, but without, in my view, any theory ever arriving at the truth. There had to be something wrong with our theoretical methods or theoretical bias towards
Adhesion of a monolayer of fibroblast cells to fibronectin under sonic vibrations in a bioreactor.

Objectives:We examined cell adhesion to a surface under vibrational forces approximating those of phonation.Methods:A monolayer of human fibroblast cells was seeded on a fibronectin-coated glass co...
Estrogen receptor‐beta colocalizes extensively with parvalbumin‐labeled inhibitory neurons in the cortex, amygdala, basal forebrain, and hippocampal formation of intact and ovariectomized adult rats

Estrogen has been reported to regulate the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons within the hippocampus, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus of adult rodents. Although estrogen receptor-alpha bearing GABAergic interneurons have been identified previously, the neurotransmitter phenotype of cells that express the more recently characterized estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta) has not been examined in vivo. We, therefore, have used fluorescent immunohistochemistry to further characterize the phenotype of ER-beta-bearing cells by double labeling for the GABAergic-associated calcium-binding protein, parvalbumin (PV). We find that a large proportion of ER-beta-immunoreactive cells within the cortex, amygdala, basal forebrain, and hippocampal formation of intact and ovariectomized (ovx) adult rats are PV-immunoreactive. Within the infralimbic, agranular insular, primary motor, parietal association, perirhinal, and lateral entorhinal cortices, an average of 95.6% +/- 0.8% (intact) and 94.5% +/- 1.4% (ovx) of all ER-beta-immunoreactive cells coexpress parvalbumin, and this proportion is strikingly similar across these diverse cortical regions. ER-beta/PV double-labeled cells represent 23.3% +/- 1.6% (intact) and 25.8% +/- 2.0% (ovx) of all PV-labeled cells within these regions. ER-beta/PV double-labeled cells are also observed within the lateral, accessory basal, and posterior cortical nuclei of the amygdala, and periamygdaloid cortex. Within the basal forebrain, 31.0% +/- 3.1% (intact) and 26.0% +/- 5.2 % (ovx) of ER-beta-immunoreactive cells coexpress PV. Almost all ER-beta-immunoreactive cells within the subiculum, a major output region of the hippocampal formation, double label for PV (intact = 97.2% +/- 2.8%; ovx = 100% +/- 0.0%). Thus, ER-beta exhibits extensive colocalization with a subclass of inhibitory neurons, suggesting a potential mechanism whereby estrogen can regulate neuronal excitability in diverse and broad brain regions by modulating inhibitory tone.