cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of bivalirudin use on outcomes in nonagenarians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Background: With an aging population, nonagenarians constitute an increasing percentage of patients with coronary artery disease. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors and outcome of nonagenarians undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for symptomatic coronary artery disease. Methods: From 2002 to 2007, a cohort of 171 consecutive nonagenarians underwent PCI and stent implantation in our center. Patients given bivalirudin (n = 79) during the procedure were compared to those given heparin (n = 92). In-hospital and 6-month rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization were indexed. In-hospital bleedings were also indexed. Results: The mean age was 92.5 ± 2.5 years. The population was 52% female. Nearly 30% of patients had diabetes mellitus and >25% had renal failure. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 45%± 14%. The clinical presentation was an acute MI in 59% of the cases. The in-hospital rates of death and bleedings were 4.1% and 17.5%, respectively. Clinical presentations as MI or cardiogenic shock were associated with high rates of in-hospital death: 19.3% and 30%, respectively. Bivalirudin use was associated with a 41.5% decrease in in-hospital bleedings. The 6-month incidence of MACE was 13.6% and was driven by death. Predictors of 6-month outcomes were clinical presentations as MI or cardiogenic shock, renal failure, and total stent length. Conclusion: Nonagenarians represent a particular population with a high percentage of females and a high incidence of comorbidities. In this study, we highlighted that nonagenarians have logically a worse prognosis than is reported in younger patients, with especially high rates of in-hospital bleedings. Bivalirudin use was associated with an important decrease in in-hospital bleedings; thus, it should be systematically considered in such patients to improve early outcome.
Visually estimating workpiece pose in a robot hand using the feature points method

An automatic method of visually estimating the pose of a workpiece in a robot hand has been developed. This method is not subject to the constraint that the workpiece have one of a finite number of states in the robot hand. Workpiece pose is estimated using the three dimensional locations of workpiece feature points. Workpiece features can be located in space by image feature tracking during a known arm motion and by using trigonometric relations. The correspondence to features on a model of the workpiece can be established by using transformations which verify interfeature distances and angles. The ability to estimate workpiece pose is necessary to enable robots to accomplish many industrial tasks.
Effect of solute concentration on hindered diffusion in porous membranes

The effect of solute concentration on hindered diffusion was investigated by measuring diffusion rates of dextran and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in track-etched polycarbonate membranes at concentrations up to 60 mg/mL. Results were interpreted using a model that incorporates a first-order virial coefficient to describe the concentration dependence of the equilibrium partition coefficient, as well as the intrapore diffusivity. For dextran, both virial coefficients were positive, indicating that the effective diffusivity increases with solute concentration. Measured values of the virial coefficient for equilibrium partitioning agreed with a model that includes attractive van der Waals interactions between dextran and the pore wall. For PEG, both virial coefficients were negative, indicating that the diffusivity decreases as solute concentration increases. These observations may be due to chain entanglement or aggregation that occurs with increasing PEG concentration.
The Vicar and the Earthquake: Conflict, Controversy, and a Christening during the Great Lisbon Disaster of 1755

Res_por:Este artigo analisa cinco cartas escritas por Richard Goddard de Swindon, Inglaterra, um pastor anglicano e um sobrevivente do terramoto de Lisboa. Produzido em papel desbotado, em escrita cursiva legivel, eles oferecem uma descricao pessoal, detalhada e altamente reveladora dos eventos do Dia de Todos os Santos (1 de Novembro) de 1755, discutindo nao so o terramoto e tsunami, mas tambem o grande incendio que comecou quase imediatamente depois do primeiro tremor e continuou durante mais de uma semana. Num episodio notavel e bem divulgado na epoca, o Reverend Goddard foi batizado a forca na Igreja Catolica por uma multidao de Lisboetas devotos na primeira hora apos o terramoto.
The design and modeling of multirate digital control systems for disk drive applications

The design and modeling of multirate control systems, in particular for disk drive applications, have been presented. It includes explicit expressions for the plant, estimator and controller. The effect of the delay in the control action is included. The multirate digital control system was modeled as a MIMO single rate system. It is important to investigate responses from all the inputs even though a particular response may be more important. The model can be used as a tool to study the behaviour of multirate digital control systems. Finally, implementation aspects for a disk drive application were also discussed. >
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Multiple Sclerosis: The Role of Conventional Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord plays a central role in establishing the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS), in monitoring disease activity, and as a key outcome measure in clinical trials of new MS therapies. Conventional MRI continues to evolve, reflecting advances in imaging hardware and software. These advances have led to important new insights into MS disease pathophysiology and can be used to improve patient management. Despite these improvements, standard MRI continues to capture only a small portion of the underlying changes that occur during the course of the disease.
Event-driven adaptive duty-cycling in sensor networks

Energy conservation is a major issue in the management of sensor networks. In this paper, we consider the problem of optimising the performance of energy-constrained sensor networks in the context of event-detection applications, with the performance metric being a weighted average of the numbers of missed events and false alarms. We propose two adaptive event-driven techniques, both simple to implement at the node level, that change the nodes' duty cycles based on the patterns of detected events. Simulation results show that this approach is effective in both cutting down wasteful energy consumption as well as in improving the detection performance in applications characterised by long periods of quiescence followed by bursts of activity.
How do health care providers perceive technologies for monitoring older adults

Monitoring and assistive technologies for the older adults, by sensing and recording activities and status, provide an objective record of a patient’s functioning within natural environments. Yet the data derived from these technologies do not directly address the clinical aims of health care providers. We conducted focus groups with health care providers who work with older adults to elicit their perspectives on monitoring technologies. Identified themes centered around the benefits and risks of technologies, patient needs, the clinical utility of information, and specific monitoring domains that might improve the health care of older adults. Providers highlighted the primary importance of involving families and caregivers, and of sustaining human interactions. They explored the difficulties with how to use information for clinical ends, and challenged the notion that more objective information would automatically improve their heath care. Designers, developers, and researchers might improve the utility and uptake of health-related technologies for older adults and their families by eliciting the viewpoints of clinical providers.
Diagnostic approach to hematuria in dogs and cats

Hematuria indicates the presence of urogenital disease in dogs and cats. Persistent hematuria (macroscopic or microscopic) should be evaluated to determine the source of bleeding and the underlying cause so that appropriate treatment can be recommended. Results of the history and physical examination often help to localize disease to the urinary tract (either upper or lower) or genital tract. Additional diagnostic evaluation, including laboratory testing(eg, urinalysis, urine culture), diagnostic imaging (eg, abdominal radiographs, ultrasound), and collection of tissues for cytologic or histopathologic evaluation, may be needed to identify the underlying cause. If a thorough evaluation fails to reveal the source or cause of hematuria, exploratory celiotomy should be considered,especially if idiopathic renal hematuria is possible.
K-Cl cotransport function and its potential contribution to cardiovascular disease.

Abstract K–Cl cotransport is the coupled electroneutral movement of K and Cl ions carried out by at least four protein isoforms, KCC1-4. These transporters belong to the SLC12A family of coupled cotransporters and, due to their multiple functions, play an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Significant information exists on the overall function of these transporters, but less is known about the role of the specific isoforms. Most functional studies were done on K–Cl cotransport fluxes without knowing the molecular details, and only recently attention has been paid to the isoforms and their individual contribution to the fluxes. This review summarizes briefly and updates the information on the overall functions of this transporter, and offers some ideas on its potential contribution to the pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease. By virtue of its properties and the cellular ionic distribution, K–Cl cotransport participates in volume regulation of the nucleated and some enucleated cells studied thus far. One of the hallmarks in cardiovascular disease is the inability of the organism to maintain water and electrolyte balance in effectors and/or target tissues. Oxidative stress is another compounding factor in cardiovascular disease and of great significance in our modern life styles. Several functions of the transporter are modulated by oxidative stress, which in turn may cause the transporter to operate in either "overdrive" with the purpose to counteract homeostatic changes, or not to respond at all, again setting the stage for pathological changes leading to cardiovascular disease. Intracellular Mg, a second messenger, acts as an inhibitor of K–Cl cotransport and plays a crucial role in regulating the activity of protein kinases and phosphatases, which, in turn, regulate a myriad of cellular functions. Although the role of Mg in cardiovascular disease has been dealt with for several decades, this chapter is evolving nowadays at a faster pace and the relationships between Mg, K–Cl cotransport, and cardiovascular disease is an area that awaits further experimentation. We envision that further studies on the role of K–Cl cotransport, and ideally on its specific isoforms, in mammalian cells will add missing links and help to understand the cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease.
Post-Compensation of Ultra-Wideband Antenna Dispersion Using Microwave Photonic Phase Filters and Its Applications to UWB Systems

We demonstrate experimental post-compensation of ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna dispersion at a receiver front-end by using programmable microwave photonic phase filtering. After the received RF signal is modulated onto an optical carrier, we utilize a hyperfine resolution optical pulse shaper to apply the conjugate of its spectral phase in the optical domain. After optical-to-electronic conversion, this yields an electrical waveform, which is compressed to bandwidth-limited duration. Further we use this technique in two schemes: a radar configuration in which we resolve two close echoes from different paths, which initially interfere and mask each other due to the dispersed response of the antenna link, and a spread-time UWB transmission configuration in which we retrieve and compress a distorted signal received in line-of-sight. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of dispersion post-compensation of UWB RF waveforms to approach the ultimate bandwidth-limited resolution, as well as identification of such signals by matched filtering and compression. Our technique is programmable and offers potential to enhance performance in UWB radar and communications.
Natural Variation in Odorant Recognition Among Odorant-Binding Proteins in Drosophila melanogaster

Chemical recognition is essential for survival and reproduction. Adaptive evolution has resulted in diverse chemoreceptor families, in which polymorphisms contribute to individual variation in chemosensation. To gain insights into the genetic determinants of individual variation in odorant recognition, we measured olfactory responses to two structurally similar odorants in a population of wild-derived inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are the first components of the insect olfactory system to encounter odorants. Previously four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Obp99 group were associated with variation in olfactory responses to benzaldehyde. Here, we identify six different SNPs that are associated with variation in responses to a structurally similar odorant, acetophenone, in the same Obp genes. Five SNPs are in coding regions of Obp99b and Obp99d and one SNP is in the 3′-untranslated region of Obp99a (A610G). We found that the 610G allele is associated with higher response scores to acetophenone than the 610A allele, but with lower expression of Obp99a, suggesting that binding of acetophenone to Opb99a might limit rather than facilitate access to odorant receptors. Our results show that overlapping sets of OBPs contribute to odorant recognition for structurally similar odorants, but that different SNPs are associated with odorant-specific individual variation. Thus, dual olfactory recognition where OBPs regulate odorant access to receptors may enhance olfactory discrimination.
Lack of development of thermotolerance in early progenitors of murine bone marrow cells.

We have studied the sensitivities of four hematopoietic stem cell types to heat stress as well as their abilities to develop thermotolerance. Granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units were the most heat resistant bone marrow progenitors tested. Of the erythroid progenitors tested, erythrocyte colony forming units were more resistant than the two more primitive erythrocyte burst forming units. To determine their ability to develop thermotolerance, hematopoietic precursors were heated in vivo at 43°C for 30 min. At various times thereafter the hematopoietic stem cells were flushed from female C3Hf/Sed mouse preheated tibia. The bone marrow cell suspensions were then heated in vitro and plated for colony formation. The four stem cell precursors differed markedly in their abilities to develop thermotolerance. The thermotolerance induced in granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units reached a maximum at 3–6 h after heating and disappeared by 24–48 h. The thermotolerance in erythrocyte colony forming units (0.5 units erythropoietin/ml media) reached a maximum at 3–6 h and disappeared by 48–72 h. The maximum level of thermotolerance reached by granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units and erythrocyte colony forming units was approximately the same. On the contrary, the two more primitive erythrocyte precursors which were grown by the addition of 2.5 and 5 units erythropoietin/ml of media do not develop thermotolerance.
Application of AFNNC to fresh air-conditioning system

A fresh air system with solar energy and phase-change thermal storage is introduced in this paper. It can not only supply fresh air to the room, but also supply parts of the heat to the room as a type of auxiliary heating to some extent. For the mathematical model of the fresh air system was difficult to accurately establish, an AFNNC (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system controller) was presented. It was used for parameter identification of input variables membership function and output variables applying for BP neural network back-propagation algorithm. Experimental results show that: The algorithm combining neural networks and fuzzy inference modeling and parameter identification methods can largely close to the practical data that solar energy - phase change thermal storage characteristics of the fresh air system, the error is almost zero. It finally proposed a new control method for the fresh air system which provides another idea for better energy saving.
Coercion, Neutrality, and Same-Sex Marriage

“Every polity ... establishes at least a partial rank-order among individual ways of life and competing principles of right conduct” (Galston 1991, 96–97). Therefore, it cannot be neutral. Unlike nonliberal states, however, “The liberal state rests solely on those beliefs about the good shared by all its citizens, whereas every other state must coercively espouse some controversial assumptions about the good life” (93).
An Integrated Engine Cycle Simulation Model with Species Tracking in Piping System

Due to compressibility, reactivity, evaporation and mixing, the gas species concentration varies significantly along the intake and exhaust pipes of an engine. An understanding of this behavior is vital to correctly predict catalyst performance because the behavior of a catalyst very much depends on the instantaneous local species concentrations, rather than those in the cylinder. Also, knowing this behavior is more important to assess the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The objective of this research is to develop a tool that is capable of predicting the instantaneous species concentration throughout the entire intake and exhaust system, and to lay out a foundation to model catalysts in the near future. This is done by first developing a complete engine cycle simulation model that is able to accurately predict wave dynamics in the piping system. Then, species tracking is accomplished by solving the species conservation equations. The twelve species formed due to combustion commonly seen in engine applications are studied. Comparisons with experimental data using the current model are made, and reasonable agreements are obtained.
Reply to Miser's Commentary on 'Democracy Does NotMake Good Science: On Reforming Review Procedures for Management Science Journals'

I agree with almost everything that Miser says. The one major disagreement is that he believes changes in the review procedures would be of marginal importance whereas I believe that they are vital.
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Abstract Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is inspiring new ideas that range from medicine to conservation. Since it became possible to generate iPSCs from human tissues such as skin and blood, iPSCs have become a standard tool for studying human development and disease, for drug discovery and development, for treatment of previously untreatable diseases with cell therapy, and for efforts to conserve endangered species. In this chapter, we discuss the biological mechanisms underlying reprogramming, the evolution of reprogramming techniques, quality control of iPSCs, differentiation, and applications for iPSCs. We focus on promising applications, including examples of cell therapy for cardiac and neurodegenerative diseases and insights into the causes of and treatments for human diseases. We also discuss far-reaching uses for iPSCs for rescue of endangered species. We predict that iPSCs will become more important as more research and medical fields adapt them for their specific needs.
Investigation of C–C Bond Activation of sp–sp2 C–C Bonds of Acetylene Derivatives via Photolysis of Pt Complexes

Carbon–carbon bond activation reactions of acetylene derivatives featuring sp–sp3 C–C bonds or both sp–sp2 and sp–sp single C–C bonds were studied via photolysis of platinum compounds. Novel Pt0–acetylene complexes with η2 coordination of the alkynes were synthesized and characterized. Irradiation of (dtbpe)Pt(η2-H3CC≡CCH3) (1), (dtbpe)Pt[η2-(H3C)3CC≡CC(CH3)3] (3), and [(dtbpe)Pt]2(μ2-η2:η2-H3CC≡CC≡CCH3) (6) with UV light (λ >300 nm) produced the activation product (dtbpe)Pt(D)(C6D5) (2) as a result of C–D bond activation of the solvent (C6D6), whereas (dtbpe)Pt(η2-F3CC≡CCF3) (4) and (dippe)Pt(η2-F3CC≡CCF3) (5) remained unchanged upon irradiation for 22 h. Photolysis of [(dtbpe)Pt]2(μ2-η2:η2-PhC≡CC≡CPh) (7) and (dippe)Pt(η2-PhC≡CC≡CPh) (9) resulted in [(dtbpe)(Ph)Pt]2(μ-C≡CC≡C−) (8) and (dippe)Pt(Ph)(C≡CC≡CPh) (10), respectively, showing exclusive C–C bond activation through sp–sp2 type C–C bonds. Both of the products stayed unchanged upon heating to 150 °C overnight.
The Overgrowth of the Connective Tissue Cells in Infected Wounds.

In a previous paper1 the author has shown that clean skin wounds close in large part by a moving forward of the epithelial cells of the epidermis. These cells drag the uninjured skin of the border of the wound across the opening to cover it. This movement takes place early and quickly before there is any extensive growth of the connective tissue cells. Such movement leads to the most perfect restoration of the wounded area. The growing connective tissue cells inhibit this movement of the epidermis.In infected wounds the picture changes; the connective tissue cells grow in excess of the epidermal cells. The question arose whether these connective tissue cells are more resistant to bacteria than the epidermal cells. A careful study of many infected cultures of mesenchyme, connective tissue cells and epithelial cells has shown that this is not true. The only cells which invade areas of the medium infected with bacteria are the lymphocytes and leucocytes. They appear to be little disturbed by the growing bact...
A Investigation on the Mice,Flies and Cockroaches in the Yucheng District of Ya′an City

Objective To learn vector species and its present conditions in Yucheng district,and provide the evidence for the prevention and control of vector-borne diseased.Methods The surveillant sites were set up according to the surveillant project of the vector in the whole country.The species and densities of vectors as mouse(lncluding the order lnsectivora),fly and cockroach were investigated by the methods of night trapping,cage trapping and paste trapping respectively.Results The mouse species were identified in this district belonging to 5 species,3 genus,2 families,2 orders.of which,Rattus norvegicus and R.flavipectus were dominant species,accounted for 60.83% and 25.00% respectively of the total mouse,there were three peaks of mice density in the whole year,the biggest one was in August,the 2nd one was in May,and the 3rd one was in November.There were 16 species,13 genus and 7 families in this district,and Lucilia sericata,Musca domestica and Aldrichina grahami were the dominant species,which accounted for 41.85%,21.34% and 11.50% respectively of the total flies,there were three peaks in the whole year,the biggest one was in May,the 2nd one was in July,and the 3rd one was in October.The cockroaches investigated in this district belonging to 3 species,2 genus and 2 families,the Blattella germanica(99.48%) was absolute dominant species,its biggest density and infestation rate all in September.Conclusion By investigated of surveillant sites in Yucheng district,the biggest density of mice was the catering trade;the flies density biggest was the agriculture market;the cockroaches biggest density and infestation rate was the agriculture market and catering trade.It must be controlled by tightenly.
Vesicoperineal Accessory Urethra

A previously undescribed form of accessory urethra was found in 2 boys. In each the supernumerary urethra originated from the bladder, just anterior to the vesical neck, passed anterior to the prostate and crossed the normal urethra. In 1 case the channel ended blindly and in the other it opened on the posterior aspect of the scrotum.
The Work of Play at American Girl Place

For a number of years, my colleagues and I have inhabited American Girl Place in Chicago, a host of other public venues to which the ceaseless procession of trade marked red shopping bags drew us, and the intimate play spaces of children's rooms, pars ing our findings across genres of publication in an effort to understand the brand.1 The cover photo documents one of many revela tory incidents we captured ethnographically. Comfortably seated in a sales area themed as a library?such other micromerchandised areas as the Cafe, Theatre, Museum, Salon, and Photo Studio host other emplacing tableaux?and flanked by the ethnically diverse yet thematically unified chronicles of American Girls of yore, a child steeped in conversation with her grandmother illustrates a point by tapping an unpurchased volume. This image of an intergenerational exchange mediated by the brand can be found on the SPQ website, www.asanet.org/spq. Nestled into the child is a surfer-girl doll from the brand's contemporary line, with (and as is often the case, to) whom the child had just been reading yet another unpurchased book. The dramatic juxtaposition of historical eras, with many of which the grandmother has had either direct or proximate experience, further validates and makes relevant the values her own life encompasses in the eyes of her grand daughter. The nesting of teaching moments captured in the photograph is integral to the store's appeal. Grandmothers are curators, conservators, and concelebrants of a heroic femininity pro moted by the brand. They (are seen to) embody the traits of integrity, perseverance, fidelity, and wisdom enshrined in the brand
Ion Channel Trafficking

Abstract Protein trafficking, for ion channels, encompasses the correct formation and delivery of channels to their appropriate membrane subdomain. Altered trafficking is a dangerous consequence of diseased myocardium. Regulation of protein trafficking and its restoration in diseased myocardium presents opportunities for novel therapeutic development. In this chapter, we briefly review principles of cardiomyocyte organization as they relate to channel trafficking, and then focus on mechanisms of channel trafficking. We explore trafficking in healthy physiology and as well as disease pathophysiology, with special emphasis placed on connexin 43 (Cx43) gap junctions and L-type calcium channels (LTCCs). Cx43 channels are important for cell–cell electrical communication and LTCCs are important for excitation-contraction coupling. Because both Cx43 channels and LTCCs are important, yet occur at different membrane subdomains, their comparison makes evident both common trafficking mechanisms as well as features unique to each channel and subdomain.
Benchmarking admittance spectroscopy methodologies for solar cell characterization

Impedance spectroscopy has been extensively applied for the diagnosis and evaluation of various types of solar cells. The method applies a sinusoidal electrical stimulus and subsequently measures the impedance (conductance and capacitance) across the terminals of the device for a range of different frequencies and/or temperatures. Based on this measurement, it is possible to extract the energy resolved trap distribution using analytical formulas that make use of the derivative of capacitance vs frequency (Walter et al. [1]), or the derivative of capacitance vs temperature (Li and Levi [2]). Assuming Arrhenius trap activation, the two approaches become dual to each other [2]. It is unclear, however, how the extracted trap densities compare to the actual trap densities. It is also not clear how different bias conditions, trap distributions, temperatures, and device dimensions affect the measurements. In this paper, we use “exact” numerical simulations to benchmark two impedance spectroscopy methodologies against each other, and against actual trap densities input to the simulations. The results help clarify the limitations of existing impedance spectroscopy analysis methodologies.
Chronicles of the Egyptian Revolution and its Aftermath: 2011–2016

This book is about the Egyptian people's 2011 Revolution for freedom, justice, and human dignity, and its aftermath. The Revolution succeeded in toppling the authoritarian Mubarak regime in less than three weeks. It was then co-opted by the Muslim Brotherhood through Egypt's first free and fair elections in 2012, which was in turn crushed in 2013 by a popularly supported military regime whose practices of repression negatively impacted the justice system and human rights. The problems facing the country and its people are daunting, particularly economic, demographic, and social pressures. The contextual analysis of these and other historic and contemporary issues give the reader a comprehensive understanding of what has occurred in the last five years and an insight into where the country is heading. Even though the Revolution has been suppressed and the promise of democracy shunted aside, the majority of the Egyptian people continue to hope for the unachieved dreams of social justice, human dignity, and freedom. Egypt's geopolitical importance makes it indispensable to the stability of the Middle East, and thus important to the world.
Design of an integrated microelectrode array system for high spatiotemporal resolution chemical imaging

There has been a growing interest in electrochemical measurement of the output from biological specimens. With the advent of silicon CMOS technology, it is possible to measure target molecule release and movement through extra cellular space using microelectrode arrays (MEAs). While MEAs have been used for electrophysiological measurements, their use for electrochemistry in physiological studies have only been explored more recently. This paper presents a unique design of a high-density MEA and its supporting circuits to acquire images of chemical gradients using electrochemical methods. Heat-map image acquisition is supported at the system level with custom designed MATLAB tools for data-to-image processing. The detection range of chemical concentrations is illustrated with experimental results demonstrating capture of neurotransmitter release from live adrenal slices.
Statically Determinate Plane Frames

Plane frame structures are composed of structural members which lie in a single plane. When loaded in this plane, they are subjected to both bending and axial action. Of particular interest are the shear and moment distributions for the members due to gravity and lateral loadings. We describe in this chapter analysis strategies for typical statically determinate single story frames. Numerous examples illustrating the response are presented to provide the reader with insight as to the behavior o\f these structural types. We also describe how the Method of Virtual Forces can be applied to compute displacements of frames. The theory for frame structures is based on the theory of beams presented in Chap. 3. Later in Chaps. 9, 10, and 15, we extend the discussion to deal with statically indeterminate frames and space frames.
Assessing the prognostic features of a pain classification system in advanced cancer patients

The Edmonton Classification System for Cancer Pain (ECS-CP) has been shown to predict pain management complexity based on five features: pain mechanism, incident pain, psychological distress, addictive behavior, and cognitive function. The main objective of our study was to explore the association between ECS-CP features and pain treatment outcomes among outpatients managed by a palliative care specialist-led interdisciplinary team. Initial and follow-up clinical information of 386 eligible supportive care outpatients were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Between the initial consultation and the first follow-up visit, the median ESAS pain intensity improved from 6 to 4.5 (p < 0.0001) and the median total symptom distress score (0–100) improved from 38 to 31 (p < 0.0001). At baseline, patients with neuropathic pain (p < 0.001) and those with at least one ECS-CP feature (p = 0.006) used a higher number of adjuvant medications. At follow-up, patients with neuropathic pain were less likely to achieve their personalized pain goal (PPG) (29 vs 72%, p = 0.015). No statistically significant association was found between increasing sum of ECS-CP features and any of the pain treatment outcomes at follow-up. Neuropathy was found to be a poor prognostic feature in advanced cancer pain management. Increasing sum of ECS-CP features was not predictive of pain management complexity at the follow-up visit when pain was managed by a palliative medicine specialist. Further research is needed to further explore these observations.
Treatment and surveillance of advanced, metastatic iodine-resistant differentiated thyroid cancer.

Purpose of reviewThis review will focus on the management and treatment of metastatic thyroid cancer that is radioactive iodine refractory and review the new drugs and their mechanism of actions as well as their adverse events.Recent findingsUntil recently, there were no efficacious therapeutic moda
CWave: High-performance single-source any-angle path planning on a grid

Path planning on a 2D-grid is a well-studied problem in robotics. It usually involves searching for a shortest path between two vertices on a grid. Single-source path planning is a modified problem which asks to find distances from a given point to all other points on the map. A high-performance algorithm for single-source any-angle path planning on a grid that we named CWave is proposed in this work. “Any-angle” attribute of a path planning algorithm implies that such algorithm can find paths which may include any angle segments, as opposed to standard A∗ on an 8-connected graph, the path can turn with 45°-increments only. The key idea of the presented algorithm is that it does not represent the grid as a graph and uses discrete geometric primitives to define the wave front. In its purest form, CWave requires for computation only integer arithmetics and multiplication by two, but can accumulate the distance error at turning points. A modified version of CWave with minimal usage of floating-point calculations is also developed. It allows to eliminate any accumulative errors which is proven mathematically and experimentally on several maps. The performance of the algorithm on three maps is demonstrated to be significantly faster than that of Theta∗, Lazy Theta∗ and Field A∗ adapted for single-source planning. The limitations of the current implementations of the algorithm as well as potential improvements are discussed.
Distinct Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Peptidoglycan Synthesis between Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Peptidoglycan (PG), a polymer cross-linked by d-amino acid-containing peptides, is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall. We found that a fluorescent d-alanine analog (FDAA) incorporates chiefly at one of the two poles in Mycobacterium smegmatis but that polar dominance varies as a function of the cell cycle in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: immediately after cytokinesis, FDAAs are incorporated chiefly at one of the two poles, but just before cytokinesis, FDAAs are incorporated comparably at both. These observations suggest that mycobacterial PG-synthesizing enzymes are localized in functional compartments at the poles and septum and that the capacity for PG synthesis matures at the new pole in M. tuberculosis Deeper knowledge of the biology of mycobacterial PG synthesis may help in discovering drugs that disable previously unappreciated steps in the process.IMPORTANCE People are dying all over the world because of the rise of antimicrobial resistance to medicines that could previously treat bacterial infections, including tuberculosis. Here, we used fluorescent d-alanine analogs (FDAAs) that incorporate into peptidoglycan (PG)-the synthesis of which is an attractive drug target-combined with high- and super-resolution microscopy to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of PG synthesis in M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis FDAA incorporation predominates at one of the two poles in M. smegmatis In contrast, while FDAA incorporation into M. tuberculosis is also polar, there are striking variations in polar dominance as a function of the cell cycle. This suggests that enzymes involved in PG synthesis are localized in functional compartments in mycobacteria and that M. tuberculosis possesses a mechanism for maturation of the capacity for PG synthesis at the new pole. This may help in discovering drugs that cripple previously unappreciated steps in the process.
Examining general strain: Using subjective and objective measures of academic strain to predict delinquency

General Strain Theory (GST) places importance on the experience of negative emotional states resulting from exposure to stressful and/or negative events. Subsequent research has suggested that identifying strain might be contingent upon the use of objective or subjective measures of strain, and that the types of delinquent outcomes assessed might mediate the significance of the findings. Using a sample of nontraditional high school students, this study examines whether objective or subjective measures of academic strain will explain involvement in both substance use (e.g., alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs) or delinquent offending. We conclude with results and policy implications.
Eligibility for Endovascular Trial Enrollment in the 6- to 24-Hour Time Window: Analysis of a Single Comprehensive Stroke Center.

Background and Purpose— The results of the DAWN trial (Diffusion-Weighted Imaging or Computerized Tomography Perfusion Assessment With Clinical Mismatch in the Triage of Wake Up and Late Presenting Strokes Undergoing Neurointervention With Trevo) support the benefit of endovascular therapy in patients presenting beyond the 6-hour time window with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions. The impact of these results with respect to additional number of eligible patients in clinical practice remains unknown. Methods— A retrospective review of ischemic stroke admissions to a single DAWN trial-participating comprehensive stroke center was performed during the DAWN enrollment period (November 2014 to February 2017) to identify patients meeting criteria for DAWN and DEFUSE-3 (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke-3) eligibility. Patients presenting beyond 6 hours were further investigated to clarify reasons for trial exclusion. Results— Of the 2667 patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted within the study period, 30% (n=792) presented within the 6- to 24-hour time window, and 47% (n=1242) had a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale ≥6. Further clinical trial-specific selection criteria were applied based on the presence of large vessel occlusion, baseline modified Rankin Scale score, core infarct, and perfusion imaging (when available). There were 45 patients who met all DAWN trial criteria and 47 to 58 patients who would meet DEFUSE-3 trial criteria. Thirty-three percent of DAWN-eligible patients are DEFUSE-3 ineligible. Conclusions— Of all patients with acute ischemic stroke presenting to a single comprehensive stroke center, 1.7% of patients qualified for DAWN clinical trial enrollment with an additional 0.6% to 1% qualifying for the DEFUSE-3 trial. These data predict an increase in thrombectomy utilization with important implications for comprehensive stroke center resource optimization and stroke systems of care.
Albumin–Bilirubin and Platelet–Albumin–Bilirubin Grades Do Not Predict Survival After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Creation

To evaluate the capability of albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) and platelet–albumin–bilirubin (PALBI) grades in predicting transplant-free survival (TFS) in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation. This single-center retrospective study included 342 ALBI and 337 PALBI patients (62% men; age 53–54 years) with cirrhosis (median MELD 15) and portal hypertension complications (variceal bleeding, 55%; ascites, 35%; other, 10%) who underwent TIPS between 1998 and 2017. Serum albumin, bilirubin, and platelet levels within 24 h prior to TIPS were used to calculate ALBI and PALBI grades. The influence of ALBI and PALBI grade on 30-day, 90-day, and overall post-TIPS TFS was assessed using C-indices, binary logistic regression, and the Cox proportional model, adjusting for Child–Pugh (CP) and MELD scores. The cohort spanned 110 (32%) and 232 (68%) ALBI grades 2 and 3 patients, and 40 (12%) and 297 (88%) PALBI grades 2 and 3 patients. While there were no differences in 30-day survival between ALBI and PALBI grades 2/3 (P > 0.05), 90-day and overall TFS showed statistically significant differences in survival between ALBI and PALBI grades 2/3 (P < 0.05). Nonetheless, using univariate logistic regression, ALBI–PALBI C-indices (0.55–0.58) were inferior to the MELD score (0.81–0.84). Moreover, ALBI–PALBI did not associate with TFS on multivariable models adjusting for CP and MELD. Only MELD independently associated with TFS (P < 0.001). ALBI and PALBI grades do not stratify survival outcomes beyond MELD score following TIPS. MELD score remains the most robust metric for predicting post-TIPS survival outcomes.
The Revolving-Door of Sell-Side Analysts

ABSTRACT Equity analysts are often hired by firms they cover. I document the extent to which this revolving door phenomenon impairs analysts' independence. I do this by examining the presence of bi...
Increasing water intake influences hunger and food preference, but does not reliably suppress energy intake in adults

Increasing water intake is often purported to reduce energy intake, and is recommended as a weight loss strategy. The few experimental studies that have been conducted to verify these claims have examined the impact of a single pre-load of water before a meal. Although correlational data indicate a relationship between hydration, energy intake, and weight status, there is very little experimental research in this area. The current studies examined the hypothesis that elevated hydration, through increased water intake, would suppress energy intake. In Experiment 1, participants (n = 49) were asked to consume either one, two, or three 500 ml bottles of water throughout the morning before a lunch buffet in the laboratory. When participants categorized as normal weight drank three bottles of water they consumed less energy at lunch, but there was no effect on participants categorized as overweight or obese. In addition, increased water intake suppressed liking of food items in all participants and hunger in females. A follow-up study (n = 45) was conducted to test if four bottles of water throughout the morning would result in a similar energy suppression in participants categorized as overweight or obese. Surprisingly, in the second experiment, there was no effect of water intake on energy intake at lunch in any of the conditions. There was, however, a similar suppression of hunger and food liking. In conclusion, increasing water intake throughout the morning only suppressed energy intake in individuals categorized as normal weight under certain circumstances, and had no effect on individuals categorized as overweight/obese.
Modelling the Business Case for Sustainability

As with all business activities, there are no guarantees of success from improving sustainability performance. However, the ability to identify the risks and capitalise on the opportunities will become increasingly important with the growing pressure on companies to embrace sustainability. The most significant opportunities available through actively pursuing more sustainable approaches to business are to reduce costs, reduce risks, create options and increase stakeholder preference. The business case model for sustainability (Figure 40.1) relates key aspects of sustainability to a set of recognised business principles, demonstrating visually where the viable business case exists. It is important to understand that this business case exists for all companies, although the specific elements vary. Thus there is diversity in the business case. For instance, small enterprises in emerging markets may focus on short-term cost leverage and options creation, while intangibles such a reputation, brand value and stakeholder preference are more significant to companies operating in bigger, more visible markets.
QUANTUM INTERFERENCE IN LAB6

Quantum interference effects in the induced currents in metallic LaB{sub 6} are investigated in pulsed magnetic fields extending to 60T and to temperatures of up to 70K. One of the quantum interference frequencies, corresponding to an area in k space equal to the Brillouin zone, has an effective mass precisely equal to {ital zero}. The attenuation of this and other frequencies at high temperatures requires the scattering effects of phonons to be considered within the Boltzmann transport equation. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Entretien avec Ghyslaine Gau . Danseuse dans l’ultime reprise par Anna Halprin de sa pièce Parades and Changes au Berkeley Art Museum en Californie

Ghyslaine Gau a danse dans deux reprises de la piece Parades and Changes : en France sous la direction de Anne Collod (2010), puis en Californie sous la direction de Anna Halprin (2013). C’est lors de cette derniere presentation de la piece, pour la fermeture du Berkeley Art Museum en fevrier 2013, que l’entretien a ete realise. L’entretien tente de comprendre ce que signifie « interpreter une partition » [score]. Comment les differents contextes de creation peuvent jouer sur l’interpretation d’une meme partition [score] ?
Increased frequency of systemic pro-inflammatory Vδ1+ γδ T cells in HIV elite controllers correlates with gut viral load.

γδ T cells predominate in the intestinal mucosa and help maintain gut homeostasis and mucosal immunity. Although HIV infection significantly alters these cells, what drives these perturbations is unclear. Growing evidence suggests that impaired intestinal immune function in HIV leads to chronic immune activation and disease progression. This occurs even in HIV controllers – individuals with undetectable HIV viremia without antiretroviral therapy (ART). We show that Vδ1+ cells, a subset of γδ T cells described as being important in intestinal barrier function, increase in frequency in HIV-infected individuals, including HIV controllers. These cells resemble terminally differentiated effector memory cells, producing the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and MIP-1β upon stimulation. Importantly, pro-inflammatory Vδ1+ cell frequency correlates with levels of HIV RNA in intestinal tissue but not in plasma. This study supports a model in which local viral replication in the gut in HIV controllers disrupts the phenotype and function of Vδ1+ cells, a cell type involved in the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, and may thereby contribute to systemic immune activation and HIV disease progression.