cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Montefiore-Einstein Center for the Aging Brain: A New Model to Care for Those with Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers (P2.223)

Objective: To describe a new model of outpatient dementia care that identifies and treats caregiver stress. Background: Informal, unpaid caregivers to patients with dementia provide substantial assistance yet are burdened by significant stressors. This stress leads to many negative health outcomes, including worsened cardiovascular markers, increased hospitalization rates, and increased mortality. We describe the multidisciplinary model of care at the Montefiore-Einstein Center for the Aging Brain (CAB), which works with caregivers as an integral part of patient care. Methods: All CAB patients receive a complete functional examination by a geriatrician and neurobehavioral status examination by a neuropsychologist, followed by a consensus evaluation by a neurologist. All patients complete intake questionnaires that include a validated caregiver stress inventory prior to their first visit. Caregivers who screen positive are scheduled to meet with a licensed clinical social worker (SW). Among other services, our SW provides problem solving treatment (PST) sessions, which is a form of short-term therapy that focuses on stress reduction and adaptive techniques for managing a patient with neurodegenerative disease. Our bilingual and bicultural SW identifies literacy and language barriers to navigating the healthcare system. Care coordination and help with concrete services are also provided. We describe the flow of patients through the center during our first year, including referral patterns to SW and caregiver treatment. Results: More than 25[percnt] of patients and caregivers have met with SW. She has evaluated over 300 caregivers over the course of 1300 interviews and conducted almost 600 PST sessions. Conclusions: Caregiver needs are significant; the CAB model provides an approach to systematically identify and manage stress and hopefully improve outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Cohen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Verghese has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zwerling has nothing to disclose.
Factors influencing fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing breast irradiation.

96 Background: We are conducting an exploratory, prospective study to investigate factors associated with radiation-induced fatigue in women with early breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy (R...
On the Network Functions to Technical Disenchantment of Literariness

The literariness questions of network literature concern with natural endowments confirmation and valuable position.The network's numerals technical disenchantment makes visual sense of "reading pictures" instead of writing in papers and paper's condensation is pulverized by "interface." This way also uses new aesthetic relationship of "cyberspace" to rewrite present literary rules and achieves artistic classical dispelling.If network literature wants to leave literary history's retardation and wins arts' respect,it should makes research to literary way of "enchantment" and rebuilds own electronic poetic sentiment.
Stability Analysis of Composite Plates

The critical buckling load of a composite plate is calculated with a FEM formulation that uses a new shear deformable quadrilateral element.The effects of material anisotropy. meshsize, aspect ratio, number of laminae and the lamina orientation angles are studied. The results show that the classical plate theory is inadequate to obtain accurate results since the transverse shear stresses are not taken into account properly. The critical loads obtained in the present approach, correlate very well with those of closed form solutions and three dimensional formulations. Thus the present approach increases the computational efficiency and provides a simpler formulation.
MicroRNA Regulation of mTOR Function

While most recognized for its role in cancer, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is emerging as an important mediator of nervous system regeneration and repair. miRNAs make up a class of regulatory molecules that exert post-transcriptional control over protein components of the mTOR signaling cascade. Using miRNA-mediated therapy to achieve precise control over mTOR activation may be one approach to normalizing the pathway in various disease states. As information about mTOR increases, research will center on how mTOR’s regulatory mechanisms go awry in pathological states such as cancer and neuro-degeneration. Elucidating these mechanisms is critical to understanding mTOR as a therapeutic target for overall human health and disease.
The CMS TierO goes Cloud and Grid for LHC Run 2

In 2015, CMS will embark on a new era of collecting LHC collisions at unprecedented rates and complexity. This will put a tremendous stress on our computing systems. Prompt Processing of the raw data by the Tier-0 infrastructure will no longer be constrained to CERN alone due to the significantly increased resource requirements. In LHC Run 2, we will need to operate it as a distributed system utilizing both the CERN Cloud-based Agile Infrastructure and a significant fraction of the CMS Tier-1 Grid resources. In another big change for LHC Run 2, we will process all data using the multi-threaded framework to deal with the increased event complexity and to ensure efficient use of the resources. Furthermore, this contribution will cover the evolution of the Tier-0 infrastructure and present scale testing results and experiences from the first data taking in 2015.
Hidden trauma victims: Understanding and preventing traumatic stress in mental health professionals

Mental health professionals, including social workers, are often exposed to the traumatic experiences of clients in their work with victims of violence, crime, and disaster. Given their empathetic ...
Simulation-based design of dynamic controllers for humanoid balancing

Model-based trajectory optimization often fails to find a reference trajectory for under-actuated bipedal robots performing highly-dynamic, contact-rich tasks in the real world due to inaccurate physical models. In this paper, we propose a complete system that automatically designs a reference trajectory that succeeds on tasks in the real world with a very small number of real world experiments. We adopt existing system identification techniques and show that, with appropriate model parameterization and control optimization, an iterative system identification framework can be effective for designing reference trajectories. We focus on a set of tasks that leverage the momentum transfer strategy to rapidly change the whole-body from an initial configuration to a target configuration by generating large accelerations at the center of mass and switching contacts.
Benchmarking of Hardware Trojans and Maliciously Affected Circuits

Research in the field of hardware Trojans has seen significant growth in the past decade. However, standard benchmarks to evaluate hardware Trojans and their detection are lacking. To this end, we have developed a suite of Trojans and ‘trust benchmarks’ (i.e., benchmark circuits with a hardware Trojan inserted in them) that can be used by researchers in the community to compare and contrast various Trojan detection techniques. In this paper, we present a comprehensive vulnerability analysis flow at various levels of abstraction of digital-design, that has been utilized to create these trust benchmarks. Further, we present a detailed evaluation of our benchmarks in terms of metrics such as Trojan detectability, and in the context of different attack models. Finally, we discuss future work such as automatic Trojan insertion into any arbitrary circuit.
Arguing the Taste of Fresh Butter: Īcūr Caccitāṉanta Cuvāmikaḷ’s Advaitic Interpretation of Tamil Śaiva Theology

By the turn of the twentieth century, Tamil Śaivism had largely come to be identified with the theological tradition known as Śaiva Siddhānta. Nevertheless, one of the most popular texts among Tamil-speaking Śaiva intellectuals during the colonial period was in fact a work on Advaita Vedānta entitled Kaivalliyanavanītam (The Fresh Butter of Liberation). This article explores how the Kaivalliyanavanītam was read by its non-Brāhmaṇa audience, focusing on a late nineteenth-century commentary by the Śaiva intellectual Īcūr Caccitāṉanta Cuvāmikaḷ (1815–86). It examines the rhetoric, terminology, and hermeneutics utilized by Caccitāṉanta to critique the dualism of Śaiva Siddhānta and reinscribe Tamil Śaiva theology as a monism. The article concludes by reflecting on the relationship between Cacci-tāṉanta’s work and Advaita Vedānta in the context of colonial South India.
Suppression and Contrast Normalization in Motion Processing

Sensory neurons are activated by a range of stimuli to which they are said to be tuned. Usually, they are also suppressed by another set of stimuli that have little effect when presented in isolation. The interactions between preferred and suppressive stimuli are often quite complex and vary across neurons, even within a single area, making it difficult to infer their collective effect on behavioral responses mediated by activity across populations of neurons. Here, we investigated this issue by measuring, in human subjects (three males), the suppressive effect of static masks on the ocular following responses induced by moving stimuli. We found a wide range of effects, which depend in a nonlinear and nonseparable manner on the spatial frequency, contrast, and spatial location of both stimulus and mask. Under some conditions, the presence of the mask can be seen as scaling the contrast of the driving stimulus. Under other conditions, the effect is more complex, involving also a direct scaling of the behavioral response. All of this complexity at the behavioral level can be captured by a simple model in which stimulus and mask interact nonlinearly at two stages, one monocular and one binocular. The nature of the interactions is compatible with those observed at the level of single neurons in primates, usually broadly described as divisive normalization, without having to invoke any scaling mechanism. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The response of sensory neurons to their preferred stimulus is often modulated by stimuli that are not effective when presented alone. Individual neurons can exhibit multiple modulatory effects, with considerable variability across neurons even in a single area. Such diversity has made it difficult to infer the impact of these modulatory mechanisms on behavioral responses. Here, we report the effects of a stationary mask on the reflexive eye movements induced by a moving stimulus. A model with two stages, each incorporating a divisive modulatory mechanism, reproduces our experimental results and suggests that qualitative variability of masking effects in cortical neurons might arise from differences in the extent to which such effects are inherited from earlier stages.
Cross-phenotype association analysis using summary statistics from GWAS

For over a decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been a major tool for detecting genetic variants underlying complex traits. Recent studies have demonstrated that the same variant or gene can be associated with multiple traits, and such associations are termed cross-phenotype (CP) associations. CP association analysis can improve statistical power by searching for variants that contribute to multiple traits, which is often relevant to pleiotropy. In this chapter, we discuss existing statistical methods for analyzing association between a single marker and multivariate phenotypes, we introduce a general approach, CPASSOC, to detect the CP associations, and explain how to conduct the analysis in practice.
Electromagnetic characteristics of systems of prolate and oblate ellipsoids

The present study suggests a novel model for simulating electromagnetic characteristics of spheroidal nanofillers. The electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of prolate and oblate ellipsoids in the X-band frequency range is studied. Different multilayered nanocomposite configurations incorporating carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and carbon blacks are fabricated and tested. The best performance for a specific thickness is observed for the multilayered composite with a gradual increase in the thickness and electrical conductivity of layers. The simulation results based on the proposed model are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The effect of filler alignment on shielding efficiency is also studied by using the nematic order parameter. The ability of a nanocomposite to shield the incident power is found to decrease by increasing alignment especially for high volume fractions of prolate fillers. The interaction of the electromagnetic wave and the fillers is mainly ...
The chemistry of carbon fiber formation from polyacrylonitrile

The present status of knowledge with regard to the chemical reactions and physicochemical processes, taking place during the transformation of a PAN based precursor fiber to carbon fiber, is discussed.
Genomic profiling of pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA), actionability, and correlation with clinical phenotype.

4127Background: Molecular profiling (MP) in cancer has enabled identification of potential actionable drug targets that has prompted attempts to discover clinically validated biomarkers and driver ...
Identification and risk assessment of spinosad resistance in a California population of Drosophila suzukii.

BACKGROUND The bioinsecticide spinosad is among the most widely used insecticides for managing spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), and is critical for preventing fruit infestation in organic berry production. Recent reports, however, have raised concerns that the efficacy of this material is declining in fields near Watsonville, CA, a major hub of commercial berry production in the USA and the first location where D. suzukii was reported in North America. RESULTS In this study, we performed dose-response analyses on D. suzukii from commercial raspberry plantings near Watsonville as well as a second untreated site in California using a widely implemented bioassay protocol. We found that Watsonville flies exhibited spinosad LC50 values 4.3-7.7 times higher than those from the untreated location and 11.6-22.4 times higher than previously reported susceptible baselines. Additionally, tolerance to spinosad continued to increase after additional selection for five generations, though this result was only statistically significant after prolonged exposure to residues. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that spinosad resistance is emerging in the Watsonville area and document the first known occurrence in the USA, presenting an urgent need for the development of alternative management strategies to control this pest. Additional work is needed to resolve the underlying molecular mechanism(s) that confers spinosad resistance in D. suzukii and assess the potential for this trait to spread into new populations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Essentialist Beliefs and Sexual Prejudice Toward Feminine Gay Men

We propose that feminine gay men are targets of essentialist beliefs that cast them as less natural and more entitative than masculine gay men, and that this pattern of low-naturalness/high-entitat...
Effects of TCP Transfer Buffers and Congestion Avoidance Algorithms on the End-to-End Throughput of TCP-over-TCP Tunnels

Tunneling is a networking approach to virtually encapsulate some channel of private communication within another channel, which is usually public, through means of encryption. Tunneling protocols allow for the establishment of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) which are useful for anonymity and access to private networks behind firewalls. The many tunneling protocols generally take the form of one networking protocol being transmitted over another, or even over the same protocol. One noticeably less represented variation is TCP-over-TCP due to the overall degradation of performance which is observable as a distinct loss of overall end-to-end throughput of application data, called the goodput. This known loss of performance is a product of the multiple, nested congestion control algorithms inherent to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and has been coined the TCP meltdown problem. In this research, we have investigated the contributions that multiple factors play in degrading the goodput of TCP-over-TCP tunnels. Through ns-3 simulation we have studied the performance of the tunnel as we vary transfer buffer size, congestion avoidance algorithm, bandwidth of inner and outer channels, and drop rate. Our simulation is built with the ability to vary those parameters plus more for future cases. Through this analysis, we were able to find the performance of 448 different configurations, not counting experimental control cases.
Studies on the antitumor agent CC-1065 : Regiospecific introduction of the oxygen functionality for the synthesis of the B/C component of CC-1065.

Abstract The 3,31-bipyrrole 4 is readily converted into o -quinone 5 , which was regiospecifically elaborated into the CC-1065 B/C-model component 15 by sequential reduction, alkylation and reduction reactions.
Paediatric trauma epidemic: a call to action.

At our level I paediatric trauma centre in the USA, our team includes a paediatric emergency medicine attending, a paediatric emergency medicine fellow, a trauma surgeon, a surgery nurse practitioner, an anaesthesiologist, multiple trauma-trained nurses, a respiratory therapist, an X-ray technician, a pharmacist, a phlebotomist and a recorder. The paediatric emergency team coordinates care with EMS before the child arrives to the hospital and the entire team is most often fully assembled and briefed 5–10 min before the child arrives. At the hospital where we work in Malawi, when a trauma patient rolls in, the job of the entire trauma team above is done by a single surgery intern due to severe staff shortage. And, if the injured patient is a child, they may not be seen by a paediatric health professional during the entirety of their hospitalisation. Although injuries affect all age groups, they have a particular impact on children and adolescents and are responsible for over 900 000 deaths/year globally in children 18 years and younger.1 Unintentional injuries account for almost 90% of these injuries and are among the top three causes of death among children aged 5–19 years worldwide.1 The global burden of injury on children falls unequally, and children living in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are much more likely to be injured. In fact, more than 95% of all injury-related deaths in children occur in LMICs, with only the remaining 5% occurring in high-income countries (HICs).1 Thus, a global focus on injury prevention together with investment and research in optimal care for injured children in LMICs should become more urgent for paediatricians, emergency room physicians, intensivists and surgical subspecialists engaged in global child health partnerships, advocacy and research. In recent decades, interventions to improve child survival have targeted infectious diseases and nutritional …
Conservation Effects Assessment Project: Assessing Conservation Practice Effects on Grazing Lands

On the Ground • The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) is responsible for assessing and reporting on the effects of conservation practices provided through Farm Bill programs. • Effects on resources, economics, and production capacity are assessed statistically through a combination of modeling, direct measurement, benefit transfer, and producer surveys. • Results from CEAP-Grazing Land projects help guide NRCS conservation planning and policy, and provide grazing land managers with additional resources for successful management of their soil, water, air, plant, animal, and economic resources. • A summary of projects and project status is provided.
Changing Trends in the Landscape of Patients Hospitalized With Acute Myocardial Infarction (2001 to 2011) (from the Worcester Heart Attack Study).

During the past several decades, new diagnostic tools, interventional approaches, and population-wide changes in the major coronary risk factors have taken place. However, few studies have examined relatively recent trends in the demographic characteristics, clinical profile, and the short-term outcomes of patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation. We examined decade long trends (2001 to 2011) in patient's demographic and clinical characteristics, treatment practices, and hospital outcomes among residents of the Worcester metropolitan area hospitalized with an initial AMI (n = 3,730) at all 11 greater Worcester medical centers during 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011. The average age of the study population was 68.5 years and 56.9% were men. Patients hospitalized with a first AMI during the most recent study years were significantly younger (mean age = 69.9 years in 2001/2003; 65.2 years in 2009/2011), had lower serum troponin levels, and experienced a shorter hospital stay compared with patients hospitalized during the earliest study years. Hospitalized patients were more likely to received evidence-based medical management practices over the decade long period under study. Multivariable-adjusted regression models showed a considerable decline over time in the hospital death rate and a significant reduction in the proportion of patients who developed atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and ventricular fibrillation during their acute hospitalization. These results highlight the changing nature of patients hospitalized with an incident AMI, and reinforce the need for surveillance of AMI at the community level.
Reliable Through-Metal Wireless Communication Using Magnetic Induction

Wireless sensors or robots in metal-constrained environments leverage through-metal wireless communications to send data and receive instructions. It is well-known that wireless radio frequency (RF) signals cannot penetrate through metal efficiently, which prevents us from applying existing wireless solutions. Moreover, most applications, e.g., metal inspection robots in an oil pipeline, require noncontact wireless communications, where the ultrasonic signals do not work. To this end, we propose to use magnetic induction communication to provide a reliable and flexible solution for wireless sensor and robotic networks in metal-constrained environments. We consider the transceivers are located on two different sides of a metal wall. Then, we develop an analytical model to obtain the optimal configurations of the magnetic coil and the carrier frequency to maximize the communication channel capacity. The received power and wireless channel bandwidth are studied. The results show that the optimal carrier frequency is around 1 kHz. In addition, we study the negative effects caused by coil misalignment and interference, which are circumvented by leveraging a coil array with optimal receiving strategy. The results are evaluated using numerical simulation and verified by finite element method-based simulation.
Differences in Academic Achievement by Disciplinary Consequence Assignments for Students with Learning Disabilities: A Within Groups Comparison

The extent to which in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension assignments was related to the reading and mathematics achievement of Texas Grade 9 students with learning disabilities in the 2008-2009 school year was addressed in this investigation. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted on Texas statewide data separately for White, Hispanic, and Black students, all of whom were students with a learning disability. Statistically significant differences were present in the reading and mathematics achievement as a function of whether or not students with learning disabilities were assigned to either an in-school suspension or to an out-of-school suspension. Students who were assigned to an in-school suspension or to an out-of-school suspension obtained lower reading and mathematics test scores than their same ethnic/racial peers who were not assigned to an in-school suspension or to an out-of-school suspension. Implications of these findings and recommendations for future research were discussed.
Influencing the physiology and decisions of groups: Physiological linkage during group decision-making:

Many of the most important decisions in our society are made within groups, yet we know little about how the physiological responses of group members predict the decisions that groups make. In the ...
An Overview of Audio and Written Feedback from Students' and Instructors' Perspective.

The use of learning management systems in higher education provides a means for connecting students and faculty online and provides numerous options in the provision of feedback for student work. H...
Case 3: An Unusual Rhythm in a 12-day-old Infant

A 12-day-old neonate born at 36 weeks and 2 days of gestation is transferred to an outside institution for further management of an arrhythmia noted in the early postnatal period. Before her transfer, she had been admitted to the NICU at another hospital for management of postnatal hypoglycemia. While her hypoglycemia was being managed, an irregular rhythm was appreciated on physical examination, prompting further evaluation. A monomorphic, wide QRS complex rhythm was captured on 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG). The infant was placed on continuous telemetry, which revealed frequent salvos of the wide QRS complex rhythm at rates slightly faster than baseline sinus rates. Echocardiography showed normal intracardiac anatomy, no evidence of significant pulmonary hypertension, and normal left ventricular systolic function during periods of sinus rhythm. Given the perceived high arrhythmia burden, propranolol was initiated and the patient was subsequently transferred to a different center. Initial evaluation in the current NICU reveals a normal-appearing neonate with no significant abnormalities on physical examination. The infant feeds normally and appears to be in no distress. Telemetry shows intermittent salvos of a wide QRS complex rhythm, with abrupt onset and resolution. Serial ECGs record periods of sinus rhythm (Fig 1A) and nonsustained episodes of monomorphic wide QRS complex tachycardia at rates slightly faster than the preceding sinus rate (Fig 1B). These episodes occurred randomly and were generally brief, lasting less than 30 seconds. Figure 1. A. Electrocardiogram of patient exhibiting sinus rhythm. B. Electrocardiogram of patient exhibiting accelerated idioventricular rhythm with wide QRS complexes and rate less than 15% faster …
Fostering the trustworthiness of researchers: SPECS and the role of ethical reflexivity in novel neurotechnology research:

The development of novel neurotechnologies, such as brain-computer interface (BCI) and deep-brain stimulation (DBS), are very promising in improving the welfare and life prospects many people. Thes...
Perspectives: The Interplay between Regulation, Competition, and Technology and the Transformation of Our Equity Markets

1. Deniz Ozenbas 1. is with Feliciano School of Business at Montclair State University in Montclair, NJ. (ozenbasd{at}montclair.edu) 2. Robert A. Schwartz[*][1] 1. is with the Zicklin School of Business at Baruch College, CUNY, in Manhattan, NY. (robert.schwartz{at}baruch.cuny.edu
Global variations of Earth's 520- and 560-km discontinuities

Abstract We investigate seismic discontinuities in the mantle transition zone (MTZ) by analyzing SS precursors recorded at global seismic stations. Our observations confirm the global existence of the 520-km discontinuity. Although substantial regional depth variations in the 520-km discontinuity are generally correlated with temperature in the mid-MTZ, they cannot be fully explained by the Clapeyron slope of the wadsleyite-ringwoodite phase transition, suggesting both thermal and compositional heterogeneities in the MTZ. A second discontinuity at ∼560-km depth, previously interpreted as splitting of the 520-km discontinuity, is most commonly detected in cold subduction zones and hot mantle regions. The depth separation between the 520- and 560-km discontinuities varies from ∼80 km in cold regions to ∼40 km in hot areas. The exsolution of calcium-perovskite (Ca-pv) from majorite garnet has been proposed to explain the velocity and density changes across the 560-km discontinuity. However, the gradual exsolution of perovskite and partitioning of Ca and Al between perovskite and garnet appear inconsistent with the relatively “sharp” discontinuity in seismic observations and thus need to be revisited in the future. Nevertheless, because the only known transition in major minerals at this depth in the MTZ is the formation of Ca-pv, the existence of the 560-km discontinuity may imply localized high calcium concentrations in the mid-MTZ possibly related to the recycling of oceanic crust.
Broadband Diplexed Power Amplifier

We present a diplexed power amplifier (PA) architecture for achieving more than octave bandwidth with high efficiency. Two relatively narrowband single-stage PAs are connected with a contiguous diplexer-combiner network. The average efficiency across the larger than octave band is maintained with a flat gain response from 1.8 to 4 GHz. To maintain efficiency, the two transistors are biased in class B. One of the paths is turned on in each subband, and in the transition region, the two PAs power combine. In both element amplifiers, a 7-W Qorvo GaN packaged device is used to achieve approximately 35% fractional bandwidth, from 1.8 to 2.7 and 3 to 4 GHz, respectively. Averaged over the full band, the amplifier achieves an average measured power-added efficiency of 43.7%, the output power of 38.0 dBm, and the gain of 8.8 dB. Linearization using digital predistortion is demonstrated, with the benefit of reduced complexity due to the frequency isolation of the two PA branches.
Complementary Feeding in the Preterm Infants: Summary of Available Macronutrient Intakes and Requirements

Limited data are available regarding the nutritional needs for preterm infants. In most cases, guidelines refer to the acquisition of neuromotor skills, adequate weight and corrected chronological age. While waiting for the establishment of specific nutritional indications for premature infants we proposed the weaning recommendations for term infants of the Italian Society of Human Nutrition with LARNs (Reference intake Levels of Nutrients and energy for the Italian population) of 2014, the Dietary Reference Values for nutrients of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) of 2017 and the Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes of 2017.
Impact of MindUP on elementary school students’ classroom behaviors: A single-case design pilot study

Abstract Objectives MindUP is a mindfulness-based social-emotional learning program designed for implementation by teachers in school settings. The purpose of this pilot study is to examine whether MindUP can effectively improve the classroom conduct of students with behavioral challenges in general education classrooms. Study hypotheses are: after receiving the intervention, students will demonstrate (a) more frequent positive classroom behaviors including both active and passive on-task behaviors, and (b) less frequent negative classroom behaviors including both disruptive off-task behaviors and non-disruptive off-task behaviors. Methods This study used a single-case design (A-B design). Primary data collection was conducted through direct behavioral observation of 11 5th-grade students in their natural classroom environment. Treatment outcomes included positive classroom behaviors (active on-task behaviors and passive on-task behaviors) and negative classroom behaviors (disruptive off-task behaviors and non-disruptive off-task behaviors). Visual analysis, percentage of non-overlapping data analysis, and multilevel analysis were conducted to examine treatment effects. Results Analyses results consistently showed changes in passive on-task behaviors and non-disruptive off-task behaviors in the expected direction—an increase in passive on-task behaviors and a decrease in non-disruptive off-task behaviors. However, contrary to the hypothesis, active on-task behaviors decreased during the intervention and follow-up phases. No significant changes in disruptive off-task behaviors were found. Conclusions MindUP showed promise in effectively increasing elementary school students’ passive on-task behaviors and decreasing non-disruptive off-task behaviors. However, it demonstrated an unexpected effect on active on-task behaviors and no effect on disruptive off-task behaviors. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
The Developmentand Performance of High Energy Density Capacitors

Summary form only given. The US Army Research Laboratory has sponsored a capacitor development program for film dielectric capacitors that has yielded both superior capacitor performance and the ability to evaluate new polymers on a fast track. The performance of recently developed capacitors, projections for pulse power capacitors in the near term, and the development track for new polymers will be discussed as well as the ability to support efforts by both industry and academic researchers to bring new polymers to a finished thin film capacitor product quickly.
‘Game which the pampered pleasure seekers seek’: hunting tourism, conservation, and colonialism in the Yukon Territory, Canada, 1910–1940

This article examines the rise in popularity of hunting tourism in the Yukon Territory, Canada from 1910 to 1940 with particular attention to the ways in which hunting tourism intersected with wild...
Supporting student reflective practices through modelling-based learning assignments

Reflective practice is becoming a more necessary skill across all disciplines and industry sectors. This study describes the reflective processes capstone engineering students engaged with as part ...
An update on the importance of plasma protein binding in drug discovery and development.

Introduction: Plasma protein binding (PPB) remains a controversial topic in drug discovery and development. Fraction unbound (fu) is a critical parameter that needs to be measured accurately, because it has significant impacts on the predictions of drug-drug interactions (DDI), estimations of therapeutic indices (TI), and developments of PK/PD relationships. However, it is generally not advisable to change PPB through structural modifications, because PPB on its own has little relevance for in vivo efficacy.Areas covered: PPB fundamentals are discussed including the three main classes of drug binding proteins (i.e., albumin, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and lipoproteins) and their physicochemical properties, in vivo half-life, and synthesis rate. State-of-the-art methodologies for PPB are highlighted. Applications of PPB in drug discovery and development are presented.Expert opinion: PPB is an old topic in pharmacokinetics, but there are still many misconceptions. Improving the accuracy of PPB for highly bound compounds is an ongoing effort in the field with high priority. As the field continues to generate high quality data, the regulatory agencies will increase their confidence in our ability to accurately measure PPB of highly bound compounds, and experimental fu values below 0.01 will more likely be used for DDI predictions in the future.
K 3,3 Minors and the Maximum-Flow Problem

Let G be a graph, and let e be an edge of G. The main result of this paper is that any instance of the maximum-flow problem on G having e as the "return" edge can be solved in linear time provided G does not have a K 3,3 minor containing e. The primary tool in proving this result is a new graph decomposition. In particular, it is shown that if G is 3-connected and does not have a K 3,3 minor containing e, then it can be decomposed into planar graphs, "almost" planar graphs, and copies of K 5 .
Benthic Fauna of Streams

Stream invertebrates are well adapted to the running water environment. The dominant taxa in headwater streams include the immature stages of the insect orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Megaloptera, Coleoptera (beetles), and certain Diptera. Many other types of invertebrates, attached and planktonic algae, rooted vascular plants, and various vertebrates also are common in streams of higher order. All of these organisms have certain traits that enable them to maintain their position and survive in rapidly flowing waters. Some mayflies (e.g., Heptageniidae) have become dorsoven-trally flattened. Although they inhabit very rapid water, these mayflies live close to the substrate where the water velocity is nearly zero (Fig. 5.3). Many caddisflies (e.g., Limnephilidae) build elaborate cases that not only protect them from predators but also serve as ballast against the current or as attachment points on rocks. Others (Hydropsychidae) build intricate nets on submersed rocks and logs to catch food particles that are being transported downstream. Certain dipteran larvae (e.g., Blepharoceridae) have specialized suckers that are used to attach to the substrate. The common black fly larvae (Simuliidae) spin silk pads and attach themselves to rock surfaces by this means. [See Hynes (1970) for extensive treatment of this subject.]
Relating Bs mixing and Bs→μ+μ- with new physics

We perform a study of the standard model fit to the mixing quantities $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{{B}_{s}}$, and $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{B}_{s}}/\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{{B}_{s}}$ in order to bound contributions of new physics (NP) to ${B}_{s}$ mixing. We then use this to explore the branching fraction of ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ in certain models of NP. In most cases, this constrains NP amplitudes for ${B}_{s}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to lie below the standard model component.
The Legionella pneumophila rpoS Gene Is Required for Growth within Acanthamoeba castellanii

ABSTRACT To investigate regulatory networks in Legionella pneumophila, the gene encoding the homolog of theEscherichia coli stress and stationary-phase sigma factor RpoS was identified by complementation of an E. coli rpoSmutation. An open reading frame that is approximately 60% identical to the E. coli rpoS gene was identified. Western blot analysis showed that the level of L. pneumophila RpoS increased in stationary phase. An insertion mutation was constructed in therpoS gene on the chromosome of L. pneumophila, and the ability of this mutant strain to survive various stress conditions was assayed and compared with results for the wild-type strain. Both the mutant and wild-type strains were more resistant to stress when in stationary phase than when in the logarithmic phase of growth. This finding indicates that L. pneumophila RpoS is not required for a stationary-phase-dependent resistance to stress. Although the mutant strain was able to kill HL-60- and THP-1-derived macrophages, it could not replicate within a protozoan host,Acanthamoeba castellanii. These data suggest that L. pneumophila possesses a growth phase-dependent resistance to stress that is independent of RpoS control and that RpoS likely regulates genes that enable it to survive in the environment within protozoa. Our data indicate that the role of rpoS inL. pneumophila is very different from what has previously been reported for E. coli rpoS.
Determination of hydroxyproline in tissue

Hydroxyproline (HPR) can be used to determine the amount of collagen present in various tissus. HPR content of collagen in a particular tissue must be known in order to use an appropriate conversion fator. The HPR procedure of this study is based on the oxidation of the imino acid to piyrrole 2-carboxylic acid which is converted subsequently to pyrrole with heat. Pyrrole is extracted with toluene and will form a colored chromogen with Ehrlich's reagent.
Teachers' knowledge of school psychologists' responsibilities

Abstract The amount of time devoted to seven professional activities by 15 school psychologists during a six-week period was compared with the perceived involvement in these activities of teachers who varied in psychologist contact (high vs. low). Teachers were found to be unware of the service priorities of psychologists in their schools and were found to hold inconsistent attitudes regarding activity involvement. Teachers saw psychologists as doing more interviewing, teacher consultation, and counseling, and less testing and report writing than was evidenced by psychologists' records. Degree of psychologist contact did not uniformly influence teachers' perceptual accuracy. Implications of these findings for the interpretation of prior and the conduct of future studies of teachers' perceptions of school psychologists are discussed.
Theoretical Investigation of the Interaction of Glycine with Diamond C(100) and C(111) (2 × 1) Surfaces

With density functional theory-based simulations, we have investigated the binding of the amino acid glycine on two of the most prominent diamond surfaces, that is, C(100) and C(111) (2 × 1), with a focus on the associated energetics, charge transfer, electronic, and structural characteristics. With regards to the dimerized C(100) surface, interaction is mostly via the amino group of the glycine molecule (both with and without H-atom abstraction) or the hydroxyl group with the loss of an associated H-atom. Barriers for these and other reactions were estimated with quantum chemistry methods. In contrast, the C(111) (2 × 1) surface was found to be mostly inert with respect to interactions with the glycine molecule.
Exponential band tails

Abstract We present a simple derivation of the exponential band tails universally observed in three dimensional disordered systems. By combining the Halperin-Lax type theories with the scaling theory of localization we find that the logarithm of the density of states behaves as |E|y where y = 2 − d/2 for d 2. d is the space dimensionality.
Structural Epochs in the Complexity of Software over Time

A case study using a new complexity measurement framework called Structure 101 tracked the structural complexity of three open source software products through their different releases. The analysis found that, as these software products evolved, a large proportion of structural complexity in early releases at the application-code level progressively migrated to higher-level design and architectural elements in subsequent releases, or vice-versa. This pattern repeated itself throughout the evolution of the software product. Refactoring efforts successfully reduced complexity at lower levels, but shifted the complexity to higher levels in the design hierarchy. Conversely, design restructuring at higher levels shifted complexity to lower levels. If this trend holds true for other software products, then mere code refactoring might not be enough to effectively managing structural complexity. Periodic major restructuring of software applications at the design or architectural level could be necessary.
The Place of Mania Among the Depressions from a Biological Standpoint

(1942). The Place of Mania Among the Depressions from a Biological Standpoint. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 181-195.
Denoising computed tomography imagery using a novel framework

We denoised computed tomography (CT) imagery using a novel framework. This approach allows methods optimized for white noise to be used for signal-dependent noise present in low-dose CT imagery. Lowering the dose of x-rays results in an increase in quantum noise. We denoised an image independently several times using different parameters, then we selected pixels from those denoised images to form a final composite image. We compared results using a block-matching collaborative approach and a nonlocal means algorithm, but in principle other methods could work within this framework as well. The proposed framework improved denoising results in CT imagery when compared to not using the framework.
A2Zn3As2O2 (A=Ba, Sr) : a rare example of square planar zinc

The synthesis and structural characterization of Ba{sub 3}Zn{sub 3}As{sub 2}O{sub 2} and Sr{sub 3}Zn{sub 3}As{sub 2}O{sub 2} is reported. These compounds are novel in that they are the first compounds without Mn that crystallize in the ThCr{sub 2}Si{sub 2} structure type. In addition, Zn is in a rare square planar oxygen coordination mode.
The difference in the electrochemical behavior of the ordered and disordered phases of Cu3Au

Analyse de l'influence de l'emergence d'ordre sur la dissolution electrochimique du cuivre des alliages Cu-Au dans un electrolyte 1N Na 2 SO 4 -0,01NH 2 SO 4
Plate-specific gain map correction for the improvement of detective quantum efficiency in computed radiography

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to improve the noise power spectrum (NPS), and thus the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), of computed radiography (CR) images by correcting for spatial gain variations specific to individual imaging plates. CR devices have not traditionally employed gain-map corrections, unlike the case with flat-panel detectors, because of the multiplicity of plates used with each reader. The lack of gain-map correction has limited the DQE(f) at higher exposures with CR. This current work describes a feasible solution to generating plate-specific gain maps. Methods: Ten high-exposure open field images were taken with an RQA5 spectrum, using a sixth generation CR plate suspended in air without a cassette. Image values were converted to exposure, the plates registered using fiducial dots on the plate, the ten images averaged, and then high-pass filtered to remove low frequency contributions from field inhomogeneity. A gain-map was then produced by converting all pixel values in the average into fractions with mean of one. The resultant gain-map of the plate was used to normalize subsequent single images to correct for spatial gain fluctuation. To validate performance, the normalized NPS (NNPS) for all images was calculated both with and without the gain-map correction. Variationsmore » in the quality of correction due to exposure levels, beam voltage/spectrum, CR reader used, and registration were investigated. Results: The NNPS with plate-specific gain-map correction showed improvement over the noncorrected case over the range of frequencies from 0.15 to 2.5 mm{sup -1}. At high exposure (40 mR), NNPS was 50%-90% better with gain-map correction than without. A small further improvement in NNPS was seen from carefully registering the gain-map with subsequent images using small fiducial dots, because of slight misregistration during scanning. Further improvement was seen in the NNPS from scaling the gain map about the mean to account for different beam spectra. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a simple gain-map can be used to correct for the fixed-pattern noise in a given plate and thus improve the DQE of CR imaging. Such a method could easily be implemented by manufacturers because each plate has a unique bar code and the gain-map for all plates associated with a reader could be stored for future retrieval. These experiments indicated that an improvement in NPS (and hence, DQE) is possible, depending on exposure level, over a wide range of frequencies with this technique.« less