cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of End Versus Loop Stomas for Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

We compared the loop and end stoma techniques for ileal conduit urinary diversion in 54 and 27 adults, respectively, with serious bladder disease during a 3-year interval. Followup by trained enterostomal therapists averaged nearly 2 years for all patients. Stenosis occurred in 12 end stomas (44 per cent) but not in any loop stomas. We believe that this result reflects the inherently better blood supply of the loop stoma, which we recommend over the end ileostomy for patients undergoing ileal diversion.
Anticoagulants in Stroke Treatment

This chapter discusses the role of anticoagulants in stroke treatment. The management of individual patients at increased risk for first or recurrent stroke requires the understanding that ischemic stroke is a syndrome caused by several major and many uncommon disorders. The optimal choice of specific antithrombotic agents depends on recognizing the individual risk factors and elucidating the specific cause of threatened stroke. For patients who suffer transient ischemic attack (TIA) or minor stroke due to presumed primary cerebrovascular disease, an antiplatelet agent, typically aspirin should be used first. Patients who cannot tolerate or cannot have ischemic events on aspirin can be treated with ticlopidine. For patients with severe symptomatic inoperable carotid or vertebrobasilar stenosis, many neurologists would recommend oral anticoagulants. The inherent risk of stroke is highest during the 3 to 6 months following TIA or minor stroke, but whether the potential benefits of short-term anticoagulation are overall more advantageous than long-term use has not been tested adequately. Ancrod is an enzyme that is derived as a purified fraction of venom from the Malaysian pit viper. Ancrod has been shown to produce rapid and effective cleavage of fibrinogen, resulting in soluble fibrin monomers that do not aggregate or form clots. In addition to inhibiting thrombus formation or extension, the resulting hypofibrinogenemia lowers blood viscosity increasing blood flow to the ischemic brain.
Risk of Pregnancy-Associated Stroke Across Age Groups in New York State.

Importance Older age is associated with increased risk of pregnancy-associated stroke (PAS). Data are limited on age-specific incidence ratios of PAS compared with stroke risk in nonpregnant women. Objectives To assess the risk of stroke by age group in pregnant and postpartum women compared with their nonpregnant contemporaries and to compare risk factors across age groups in the exposed (pregnant/postpartum) and unexposed (nonpregnant) populations. Design, Setting, and Participants International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision , billing codes from the calendar year 2003-2012 New York State Department of Health inpatient database and population data were used to identify all women aged 12 to 55 years with cerebrovascular events, including transient ischemic attack, ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral venous thrombosis, and nonspecified PAS. The cumulative incidence of PAS per 100 000 pregnant/postpartum women vs nonpregnancy-associated stroke (NPAS) per 100 000 women in age cohorts of 24 years or younger, 25 to 34, 35 to 44, and 45 years or older was calculated. Risk factors between groups were compared using logistic regression models. The study included data from calendar years 2003 through 2012. Data analysis was performed from July 11, 2015, to July 16, 2016. Exposures Pregnancy, including the postpartum period up to 6 weeks after delivery. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence risk ratios (IRRs) for stroke per age cohort, defined as cumulative risk of stroke in the exposed population divided by cumulative risk of stroke in the unexposed population, were determined, and stroke risk factors and mortality were compared between populations. Results There were 19 146 women hospitalized with stroke during the study period; 797 of the women were pregnant/post partum. The overall median (interquartile range) age of the women was 31 (25-35) years in those with PAS and 48 (41-52) years in those with NPAS. The incidence of PAS in women aged 12 to 24 years was 14 events per 100 000 pregnant/postpartum women vs NPAS incidence of 6.4 per 100 000 nonpregnant women (IRR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.9-2.6); for ages 25 to 34 years, 21.2 per 100 000 vs 13.5 per 100 000 (IRR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.7); for ages 35 to 44 years, 33 per 100 000 vs 31 per 100 000 (IRR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.9-1.2); and for ages 45 to 55 years, 46.9 per 100 000 vs 73.7 per 100 000 (IRR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3-1.4). PAS accounted for 18% of strokes in women younger than 35 years vs 1.4% of strokes in women aged 35 to 55 years. Women in the NPAS group vs the PAS group had more vascular risk factors, including chronic hypertension (age P P P = .002; age 35-55 years: 2618 [16.8%] vs 12 [6.4%], P P P P P Conclusions and Relevance Younger women, but not older women, have an increased stroke risk during pregnancy and post partum compared with their nonpregnant contemporaries. These results suggest that pregnancy does not increase the risk of stroke in older women.
Managing Digital Rights in Open Access Works

This chapter suggests digital rights management is compatible with open access works when DRM is used to enable more accessible and durable information for rights and attribution, and when DRM is part of a compromise to make works OA that would not otherwise be so.
Thermal conductance of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures

The lattice-based scattering boundary method is applied to compute the phonon mode-resolved transmission coefficients and thermal conductances of in-plane heterostructures built from graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The thermal conductance of all structures is dominated by acoustic phonon modes near the Brillouin zone center that have high group velocity, population, and transmission coefficient. Out-of-plane modes make their most significant contributions at low frequencies, whereas in-plane modes contribute across the frequency spectrum. Finite-length superlattice junctions between graphene and hBN leads have a lower thermal conductance than comparable junctions between two graphene leads due to lack of transmission in the hBN phonon bandgap. The thermal conductances of bilayer systems differ by less than 10% from their single-layer counterparts on a per area basis, in contrast to the strong thermal conductivity reduction when moving from single- to multi-layer graphene.
Internet gaming disorder: Trends in prevalence 1998-2016.

Internet gaming disorder (IGD), defined as “Persistent and recurrent use of the Internet to engage in games, often with other players, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress,” is a condition for further study in the most recent version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the DSM-5 (1), and research publications in gaming and internet addiction have increased rapidly in the last decade (2,3). Its precise definition continues to generate considerable controversy (4–7) and a multitude of measuring tools (8–13). Significant overlap in the neurobiology underlying both behavioral addictions and substance use disorders have been found in animal models and human brain imaging studies (14–16), starting with Gambling Disorder, which entered the DSM-III in 1980, and, as starting points for studying this phenomenon, the criteria for diagnosing IGD have been derived from different facets of Gambling Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, Impulse Control Disorders, and the developing field of Internet Addiction (17–20). Given rapid expansion of internet use and gaming technology over the past 20 years, a review of available prevalence measurements could potentially allow for detection of an epidemiological trajectory for this disorder. Prior to IGD being listed as a Condition for Further Study in the DSM-5, the terminology for the phenomenon of excessive online gaming was not standardized, with nomenclature varying from problematic online gaming, pathological gaming, gaming addiction, excessive gaming, gaming use disorder, videogame addiction, videogame dependency to conflations with internet addiction, internet use disorder, pathological internet use, problematic internet use, technology use disorder, pathological technology use, to compulsive internet use (10,21–30). In this paper, we take an agnostic approach to the specific criteria being used to measure this phenomenon, and are interested in whether the reported prevalence of this disorder has changed with time, given the rapidly expanding access to internet games, and the exponential growth of publications in the area of psychopathology related to technology (31–34). To this end, we have undertaken a targeted review of the literature regarding the prevalence of Internet Gaming Disorder in any population, organized in a linear manner spanning the emergence of the earliest publications regarding gaming addiction in the 1990s, through the end of 2016.
A simple GPU implementation of FDTD/PBC algorithm for analysis of periodic structures

Constant horizontal wavenumber approach is a simple method to model Periodic Boundary Conditions (PBC) in the FiniteDifference Time-Domain (FDTD) method proposed for efficient analysis of periodic structures; however, it requires execution of the FDTD simulations many times, each time for a different value of horizontal wavenumber to achieve useful results. Therefore, although each simulation may take a short time to complete, a sweep of simulations still takes a long time and there is a need to employ methods to speed-up the simulations. In this contribution we present an implementation of the FDTD/PBC algorithm using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) to run the simulations on Graphics Processor Unit (GPU) devices to speed-up the the FDTD/PBC simulations. We also present a method in which a problem space is extended by one padded cell on each of the four periodic sides. As a consequence, programming is simplified, especially for the GPU code for the field update process at the boundaries, the problem space and efficiency of calculations as well is improved.
Bayesian clinical trial design using historical data that inform the treatment effect

We consider the problem of Bayesian sample size determination for a clinical trial in the presence of historical data that inform the treatment effect. Our broadly applicable, simulation-based methodology provides a framework for calibrating the informativeness of a prior while simultaneously identifying the minimum sample size required for a new trial such that the overall design has appropriate power to detect a non-null treatment effect and reasonable type I error control. We develop a comprehensive strategy for eliciting null and alternative sampling prior distributions which are used to define Bayesian generalizations of the traditional notions of type I error control and power. Bayesian type I error control requires that a weighted-average type I error rate not exceed a prespecified threshold. We develop a procedure for generating an appropriately sized Bayesian hypothesis test using a simple partial-borrowing power prior which summarizes the fraction of information borrowed from the historical trial. We present results from simulation studies that demonstrate that a hypothesis test procedure based on this simple power prior is as efficient as those based on more complicated meta-analytic priors, such as normalized power priors or robust mixture priors, when all are held to precise type I error control requirements. We demonstrate our methodology using a real data set to design a follow-up clinical trial with time-to-event endpoint for an investigational treatment in high-risk melanoma.
Investigating the Role of Goal Orientation: Metacognitive and Cognitive Strategy Use and Learning with Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Cognitive, affective, metacognitive, and motivational (CAMM) processes are critical components of self-regulated learning (SRL) essential for learning and problem solving. Currently, ITSs are designed to foster cognitive, affective, and metacognitive (CAM) strategies and processes, presenting major gaps in the research since motivation is a key component of SRL and influences the remaining CAM processes. In our study, students interacted with MetaTutor, a hypermedia-based ITS, to investigate how 190 undergraduate students’ proportional learning gain (PLG) related to sub-goals set, cognitive strategy use and metacognitive processes differed based on self-reported achievement goal orientation. Results indicated differences between approach, avoidance, and students who adopted both approach and avoidance goal orientations, but no differences between mastery, performance and students who adopted both mastery and performance goal orientations on PLG for content related to sub-goal 1. Conversely, no differences were found between goal orientation groups on PLG for sub-goal 2, revealing possible changes in goal orientation following sub-goal 1. Analyses indicated no differences between goal orientation groups on metacognitive processes and cognitive strategy use. Thus, we suggest turning away from self-report data, where future studies aim to incorporate multi-channel data over durations of tasks as students interact with ITSs to measure motivation and its tendency to fluctuate in real-time. Implications for using multiple data channels to measure motivation could contribute to adaptive ITS design based on all CAMM processes.
Operating Systems Enhancements for Distributed Shared Memory

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on distributed shared memory (DSM) systems supported primarily through software modifications to existing virtual memory management facilities, These DSM systems are characterized by a larger unit of sharing, typically at the page level, and are designed for loosely coupled workstation networks. The chapter discusses some of the important issues regarding design and implementation of DSM systems. It discusses techniques to reduce the latency attributable to memory coherence algorithms and the methods to reduce the communication overhead incurred by the underlying network software and hardware. It categorizes the sources of latency reduction as latency stemming from the choice of coherence semantics and the design of the coherence algorithms, latency attributable to communications overhead generated by network software and hardware, and latency because of unnecessary message-passing overhead because of large page sizes and false sharing. The chapter also discusses innovations in the design of DSM systems to minimize the impact of large page sizes and false sharing. It concludes with a summary of the lessons learned and achievements attained in performance during the past five years.
REPRESENTATIONS OF TEXTURE IN ORIENTATION SPACE

In this and the following chapter, we provide an overview of the representations of texture measurement with a particular focus on those aspects that are particularly relevant to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The mathematical foundations of visualization of three-dimensional orientation and the frequency distribution of specific orientations are discussed extensively in the literature (Bunge, 1982; Wenk, 1985; Kocks, Tome, and Wenk, 1998). The focus of the present chapter is to outline the more commonly used forms of graphical representations of texture data. We shall review three commonly used forms of texture representation in terms of sample and/or lattice plane orientation, namely, pole figures and inverse pole figures represented in terms of stereographic projections and orientation distribution functions projected in Euler space. The graphical visualization of these projections of orientation information will be discussed, especially in the context of data representation as derived from EBSD type techniques. These representations form the foundation for most texture analysis studies and will be widely used in the variety of materials science applications represented in this book.
Hydric Balance and Locomotor Performance of Native and Invasive Frogs

An animal’s physiology should be closely adapted to its environment to optimize organismal function, so physiological traits may be mismatched when animals are introduced to new locations. For introduced amphibians, mismatched traits involving hydric balance or performance across hydric states could have profound impacts on their abundance and distribution, and thus their invasion success. We examined susceptibility to dehydration in invasive Cuban treefrogs (Osteopilus septentrionalis) and two sympatric native treefrogs (Hyla spp.) in Florida, USA, by measuring rates of evaporative water loss, rates of water uptake, and sensitivity of locomotor performance to dehydration. Of the three species, Cuban treefrogs were the most susceptible to dehydration by experiencing the highest rate of evaporative water loss and lowest rate of water uptake. Green treefrogs (H. cinerea) were the most resistant to dehydration by losing water the slowest and gaining water the fastest, and squirrel treefrogs (H. squirella) were intermediate in rates of water loss and uptake. Dehydrating frogs by 20% of their fully hydrated body masses affected the locomotor performance of all species by decreasing maximum jump lengths, decreasing speed, and increasing successive jump lengths. The maximum jump lengths of Cuban treefrogs and green treefrogs were more sensitive to dehydration than those of squirrel treefrogs. Despite this sensitivity, Cuban treefrogs still outperformed both native species in maximum jump length and speed, even when controlling for body size. Consequently, the performance of dehydrated Cuban treefrogs was similar to that of fully hydrated native treefrogs. Our results suggest that Cuban treefrogs are more susceptible to dehydration and its effects than several native competitors; however, they may be able to at least partly compensate for these effects with their large body size, superior locomotor performance, and strong affinity for refugia. Our findings highlight different strategies used by frogs to maintain water balance and suggest that Cuban treefrog densities may be higher in areas with greater moisture availability and habitat complexity, including urban and densely forested areas. Native treefrogs may experience stronger competition and predation from Cuban treefrogs in these areas, which supports anecdotal reports of native frog declines.
Transforming Medical Library Staff for the Twenty-First Century

If you have ever wondered how to do more with the same resources or fewer, this book is an excellent starting point. Library staff members are our most valuable and renewable resources.
A new culture of advocacy: An exploratory analysis of social activism on the web and social media

This study examined how non-profit organizations (NPOs) adapted to the new media environment and created an innovative culture of advocacy to directly facilitate engagement with interested supporte...
Effect of Hydrogen on the Deformation-Induced α” Martensite in Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al

ABSTRACT The metastable β phase in Ti alloys can be mechanically unstable and undergo a deformation assisted transformation to an orthorhombic martensite (α”). We have used a commercial metastable β alloy, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al to study the effects of H as a temporary alloying addition on the formation of α”. Increasing amounts of H raise the stress for α” formation until a transition to strain-induced α” occurs. The effects of H on the tensile behavior including ductility also have been studied.
Active Support Training, Staff Assistance, and Engagement of Individuals With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the United States: Randomized Controlled Trial.

Two non-U.S. quasi-experimental studies reported Active Support training was associated with increased engagement in individuals with IDD, but no randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exist. We evaluated effects of Active Support training on staff assistance, and social and nonsocial engagement in 75 individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in U.S. group homes. We detected no significant effects of active support training. Individuals with more skills and less challenging behavior engaged more in nonsocial activities. Younger individuals with more skills living in homes with fewer staff changes were more socially engaged. Factors associated with nonsocial engagement mirrored those reported in Qian, Ticha, Larson, Stancliffe, & Wuorio, (2015) . Staffing-related implementation challenges and statistical power limited our ability to detect differences.
Non-Ownership Business Models for Solar Energy

Problem Definition: Solar power companies have introduced innovative non-ownership business models—leasing and power purchase agreement (PPA)—in addition to sales. Under these models, the company installs solar panels for a customer, who purchases the electricity generated from the panels. Under leasing, a customer pays a fixed fee, whereas under PPA, a customer pays a per-unit price for the electricity generated. The adoption of solar panels is also promoted by investment and generation subsidies, which are received by customers under sales, but by the solar power company under non-ownership models. In addition, some states currently have restrictions on non-ownership model(s) to protect utility firms' profits. Motivated by this context, we analyze the economic and environmental implications of such subsidies and restrictions. Practical and Academic Relevance: The share of non-ownership business models of the residential solar installations is approximately 40% and we contribute to the OM literature by being the first to endogenize a solar power company's business model decisions to inform policymakers regarding the ongoing discussion on subsidies and restrictions. Methodology: We develop a sequential game between a profit-maximizing solar power company and utility-maximizing residential customers to characterize a solar power company's optimal business model decisions. Results: We find that a higher investment subsidy makes it more attractive for the company to offer sales, whereas a higher generation subsidy makes it more attractive to offer non-ownership models. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we show that restricting the solar power company from offering leasing can actually lead to higher total adoption and generation of renewable energy. Policy Implications: We show that although a higher generation subsidy leads to higher total adoption and generation of renewable energy, interestingly, a higher investment subsidy can backfire by leading to lower total adoption and generation. Consequently, a higher investment subsidy can actually lead to a higher profit for the utility firm. Finally, we find that restricting leasing can be detrimental for the utility firm and beneficial for the environment.
Measurement of Semiconductor Transport Properties Using Scanned Modulated Reflectance

The application of optical pump-probe techniques to the study of semiconductor transport properties has been considered recently by several authors [1–4]. Absorption of the pump radiation generates an electron-hole plasma, which thermalizes with the lattice within a few picoseconds [5]. Subsequent plasma diffusion and pair recombination cause additional, distributed heating on a longer time scale. An optical probe may be used to detect the thermoelastic deformation of the surface [1], the variation of the index of refraction within the sample [2], or the change of surface reflectance [3,4], the latter two effects arising from the dependence of the index of refraction on both temperature and carrier-density variation. The signal dependence on transport properties is determined by modeling the coupled thermal/plasma generation/diffusion processes. One-dimensional theoretical analyses have been used, and these are adequate when (approximately) uniform illumination of the sample leads to thermal and carrier diffusion which is essentially one-dimensional, or when, as in photoacoustic cell detection [6,7], the detection process effectively executes a spatial average [8].
The Impact of Motivation on Continued VFR into IMC: Another Perspective to an On-Going Problem

Continued flight under visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions remains the predominant cause for fatal accidents by percentage for general aviation aircraft operations. There are gaps in the research in determining how motivation might influence the decision-making process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how motivation and meteorological conditions might affect a pilot’s willingness to persist in flight into meteorological conditions. Four hundred and fifty-four general aviation pilots participated in a mixed factorial experiment to assess their willingness to persist in varying weather conditions. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three motivation groups (intrinsic, extrinsic, or no motivation) and were subjected to all three meteorological conditions (visual, marginal, and instrument) that were randomized in order of appearance. They were then asked to indicate their willingness to persist in each condition via a slider scale, scaled from 0 to 100. The results indicated the main effect of meteorological condition has a significant effect on willingness to persist, while the main effect of motivation did not. The interaction between meteorological condition and motivation resulted in a significant effect, particularly in the marginal weather condition. Keywords: visual flight rules into instrument meteorological conditions, motivation theory, willingness to persist
Functional Group Distributions, Partition Coefficients, and Resistance Factors in Lipid Bilayers Using Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation.

Small molecules such as metabolites and drugs must pass through the membrane of the cell, a barrier primarily comprising phospholipid bilayers and embedded proteins. To better understand the proces...
Delayed Diagnosis of Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis

OBJECTIVE Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare disease, causing life-threatening dyspnea secondary to scarring. Perhaps because it is rarely encountered, there is often a delay in diagnosing iSGS. The objective of this study is to characterize diagnostic delay of iSGS, factors that prolong delay, and its impact on iSGS patients. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 124 iSGS patients was performed. Times of symptom onset, presentation to otolaryngologist, diagnosis, imaging, pulmonary function testing (PFTs), surgeries, emergency department (ED) visits, and hospitalizations were recorded and univariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for delay. RESULTS The median total time to diagnosis from symptom onset was 24.5 months, with time to first presentation of 6.3 months and healthcare delay of 17.8 months. 54.8% of patients were diagnosed with asthma. Earlier presentation to otolaryngologist was associated with shorter healthcare delay and total time to diagnosis (rho = 0.75, rho = 0.99, P < .0001). Earlier CT imaging was correlated to shorter healthcare delay (rho = 0.84, P < .0001) and total time to diagnosis (rho = 0.74, P < .001), while earlier PFTs were correlated to shorter total time to diagnosis alone (rho = 0.71, P = .01). During evaluation, 10.5% (n = 17/124) of patients had ED visits and 13.7% (n = 13/124) patients were hospitalized. Before diagnosis, 7% (9/124) of patients underwent surgeries (including 3% (n = 4) undergoing tracheostomy) and 8% (n = 10) of patients required unplanned urgent endoscopic surgery that may have been avoided with earlier diagnosis. CONCLUSION iSGS diagnosis is frequently delayed, resulting in additional surgeries (including tracheostomy), ED visits, and hospitalizations. Further, patients' symptoms are commonly attributed to asthma. Earlier otolaryngologist evaluation, PFTs, and CT imaging may expedite iSGS diagnosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 2021.
Structural characterization of naphthalene sulfonamides and a sulfonate ester and their in vitro efficacy against Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes

Leishmaniasis, a parasitic infectious disease transmitted by sandfly bites, is an extremely complex human and veterinary disease. In humans, it takes different forms ranging from self-healing cutaneous ulcers to severe, life-threatening visceral infections. Current treatments primarily rely on chemotherapies. The current chemotherapeutic drugs, developed decades ago, are costly, toxic, and have become problematic due to drug resistance. To this end, two naphthalene sulfonamides and one naphthalene sulfonate ester were subjected to a structure–activity relationship (SAR) study for inhibition of Leishmania. The new chlorosulfonamide, N-(2′-chlorophenyl)-1-naphthalene sulfonamide (B), and sulfonate ester, 3-methyl-4-((naphthalen-1-ylsulfonyl)oxy)benzoic acid achieved (C) IC50 values of 9.5 μM and 7.4 μM, respectively, against Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes in vitro, which are notably lower than the IC50 value of 49 μM for our benchmark compound, N-(4′-carboxy-2′-methylphenyl)-1-napthalenesulfonamide (A). Additionally, all three compounds were analyzed by X-ray crystallography and show strong intermolecular interactions in the crystalline state. The new findings from this SAR study open new directions for advanced leishmaniasis treatment.
Man and Animal in Severan Rome: The Literary Imagination of Claudius Aelianus

Introduction. Approaching the De natura animalium 1. The independent intellectual 2. Animals and agroikoi in Aelian's Rustic Letters 3. The hazards of variety 4. The Hellenized Roman 5. Stoicism 6. Animals, divinity, and myth 7. Egypt and India 8. The sexual animal 9. Bees, lions, eagles: Aelian and kingship 10. After animals: the women of the Varia Historia Conclusion. 'Nature produces animals with many voices and many sounds, you might say ...' Appendix: reconstructing Aelian's Kategoria tou Gunnidos.
Violent White-Collar Crime

It is orthodox to divide the universe of crimes according to their violence. There are violent crimes, prototypically street crimes. And there are nonviolent crimes of fraud, prototypically white-collar crimes. Although the implications of this distinction are controversial, the distinction itself is not controversial. This Essay challenges this universal dichotomy by offering an account of violence that admits many crimes of deception. That is, properly understood, violence can be found in the fraudulent foreclosure, the embezzlement, and the forged check.
Identifying and Managing a Supervisee Affected by Dissociative Identity Disorder

ABSTRACT The concept of identifying and managing a supervisee affected by Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is presented as a real possibility for a supervisor! Due to the supervision of mental health professionals who were abused as children coupled with the increase in the reporting of children being ritually abused, a supervisor may find him/herself confronted with a supervisee affected by DID. Upon identification, the supervisor is challenged with managing this disorder as a supervisor and a mental health professional. Additionally, the supervisor is faced with the protection and management of the supervisee's caseload. Ideas are presented that pertain to this neglected aspect of supervision, and observations and practical steps are offered for supervisors to pursue when encountering supervisees affected by DID.
Influence of various hydrocolloids on cottage cheese cream dressing stability

Commercial cottage cheese typically includes a cream dressing that provides flavor and texture. Various stabilizers are added to the dressing to mitigate separation and provide viscosity. However, there is little information on individual ingredient contributions to dressing stability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how different hydrocolloids impacted cottage cheese cream dressing stability and flow behavior. Xanthan, guar, and locust bean gums were used alone and in combination as stabilizers. Dressing pH significantly impacted stability and viscosity. Temperature had little effect on flow behavior, which was shear-thinning for all formulations. Combinations of hydrocolloids were found to provide better stability than any single hydrocolloid alone, the improved stability was attributed to synergistic effects. Hence, a single stabilizing agent may not provide proper dressing stabilization. Stabilizing agents should be used in combination to prevent whey separation due to pH and temperature changes during the shelf life of cottage cheese.
Designing Strategies for Ethno-Religious Engagement: The Curious Case of Cuba's Jewish Youth

This article explores strategies being employed by Jewish leadership in Cuba and abroad, to sustain Jewish continuity, and to engage adolescents in Jewish identity development. Focus will be placed on the ways that adolescents living in present-day Cuba have become involved in Jewish life. It is expected that this study's findings can be informative and instructive to a broad spectrum of religious leaders and faith-based service providers interested in outreach and recruitment initiatives to adolescents.
Domestic Implementation of International Obligations: The Quest for World Patent Law Harmonization

Most all nations recognize the need to protect intellectual property in some form due to its potential value. In 1994, the signatory nations of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade signed the Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), an ambitious international convention that set forth an international baseline for patent, copyright, and trademark protection. In addition to providing procedures for the settlement of property disputes, one practical effect of TRIPs has been the harmonization of the world's patent laws. In 1994, the United States passed the Uruguay Round Agreement Act, legislation that implemented several changes to domestic patent law required by TRIPs. Although opinions, especially those of developing nations, debate the fairness of TRIPs, the Agreement represents an effective balance among competing interests and a m~or step towards world patent law harmonization.
Estate Tax Reform: Issues and Options

The upcoming one-year repeal of the federal estate tax creates an opportunity to reconsider the taxation of wealth transfers. This paper argues that federal wealth transfer taxes should be retained and potentially expanded. The estate tax contributes importantly to the progressivity of the tax system as a whole by partially offsetting the tax advantages accorded to inherited income among high-income households. It also appears to be a relatively efficient source of revenue. Nevertheless, the estate tax system could be improved by adopting a package of simplification measures or, more fundamentally, by replacing it with an inheritance tax.
Hydrostratigraphic analysis of the MADE site with full-resolution GPR and direct-push hydraulic profiling

[1 ]F ull ‐resolution 3D Ground‐Penetrating Radar (GPR) data were combined with high‐resolution hydraulic conductivity (K) data from vertical Direct‐Push (DP) profiles to characterize a portion of the highly heterogeneous MAcro Dispersion Experiment (MADE) site. This is an important first step to better understand the influence of aquifer heterogeneities on observed anomalous transport. Statistical evaluation of DP data indicates non‐ normal distributions that have much higher similarity within each GPR facies than between facies. The analysis of GPR and DP data provides high‐resolution estimates of the 3D geometry of hydrostratigraphic zones, which can then be populated with stochastic K fields. The lack of such estimates has been a significant limitation for testing and parameterizing a range of novel transport theories at sites where the traditional advection‐dispersion model has proven inadequate. Citation: Dogan, M., R. L. Van Dam, G. C. Bohling, J. J. Butler Jr., and D. W. Hyndman (2011), Hydrostratigraphic analysis of the MADE site with full‐resolution GPR and direct‐push hydraulic profiling, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L06405, doi:10.1029/2010GL046439.
Thermal‐economic analysis of a transcritical Rankine power cycle with reheat enhancement for a low‐grade heat source

SUMMARY A thermal-economic analysis of a transcritical Rankine power cycle with reheat enhancement using a low-grade industrial waste heat is presented. Under the identical operating conditions, the reheat cycle is compared to the non-reheat baseline cycle with respect to the specific net power output, the thermal efficiency, the heat exchanger area, and the total capital costs of the systems. Detailed parametric effects are investigated in order to maximize the cycle performance and minimize the system unit cost per net work output. The main results show that the value of the optimum reheat pressure maximizing the specific net work output is approximately equal to the one that causes the same expansion ratio across each stage turbine. Relative performance improvement by reheat process over the baseline is augmented with an increase of the high pressure but a decrease of the turbine inlet temperature. Enhancement for the specific net work output is more significant than that for the thermal efficiency under each condition, because total heat input is increased in the reheat cycle for the reheat process. The economic analysis reveals that the respective optimal high pressures minimizing the unit heat exchanger area and system cost are much lower than that maximizing the energy performance. The comparative analysis identifies the range of operating conditions when the proposed reheat cycle is more cost effective than the baseline. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thyroid Hormone Action: A Cell-Culture System Responsive to Physiological Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones

Cells from a rat pituitary tumor cell line will respond in vitro to physiological concentrations of L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine. The cells are grown in a cultutre medium that contains serum from a hypothyroid calf. Dose-response relationships of a vacriety of thyronine derivatives indicate that this system has a specificity of response which is similar to that observed in vitro.
TEM-induced structural evolution in amorphous Fe oxide nanoparticles.

Exposure to the high energy electron beam of a TEM changes the morphology of amorphous Fe oxide nanoparticles from solid spheres to hollow shells. Amorphous Fe oxide nanoparticles prepared via high-temperature methods using hexadecylamine and trioctylphosphine oxide surfactants were compared to crystalline γ-Fe2O3 particles of similar size. Both sets of particles are fully characterized via SQUID magnetometry, X-ray powder diffraction, BET surface analysis, EPR spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Time-resolved TEM images reveal that the amorphous Fe oxide particles evolve from solid spheres into hollow shells in <2 min, whereas crystalline γ-Fe2O3 are unaffected by the electron beam. The resulting nanocrystalline Fe oxide shells bear striking resemblance to core−shell nanocrystals, but are a result of a morphology change attributed to restructuring of particle voids and defects induced by quasi-melting in the TEM. These result...
Service-learning: What students have to say

This exploratory study conducted at a mid-sized American Midwestern metropolitan university explores service-learning. The study describes the characteristics of students choosing service-learning ...
Abstract 2078: Synergistic effects of c-Met and BRAF inhibitors and role of c-Met as a therapeutic target in human melanoma.

Inhibitors of c-Met and mutated BRAF kinases show limited efficacy due to the development of kinase inhibitor (KI) resistance hence it is important to target a combination of kinases. To study the efficacy of a c-Met and BRAF inhibitor combination, two cell lines were selected: MU, which is positive for the BRAF activating V600E mutation, and MM-RU, which is negative for this mutation. c-Met inhibitor SU11274 resistant cell lines were generated by exposing these parental lines to increasing concentrations of SU11274, until the final IC50 concentrations of resistant cells were 6-8 fold higher than those of parental lines. When c-Met and BRAF kinase inhibitors SU11274 (0.075μM) and vemurafenib (0.15μM) were administered individually and in combination, both drugs were able to significantly (p To study the effects of an oral/bioavailable c-Met TKI, JNJ, and to determine if c-Met inhibitors could be delivered systemically and targeted to the tumor, the therapeutic effects of JNJ were tested in vivo on MM-RU melanoma cells which produce HGF. Five million MM-RU melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into the hind flanks of nude mice. When tumors were palpable, they were treated with 20mg/kg JNJ or vehicle (20% Captisol, 0.25% PVP in 0.1N HCL) for 3 weeks. We found that JNJ significantly reduced tumor size by 6 fold (123.77 +/- 56.66mm2 and 16.67 +/-11.19mm2 p Citation Format: Deven Etnyre, Manohar Reddy Shambannagari, Neelu Puri. Synergistic effects of c-Met and BRAF inhibitors and role of c-Met as a therapeutic target in human melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2078. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2078
Intraoperative Management of Renal Allograft Venous-Calyceal Fistula and Incidental Renal Cell Carcinoma During Renal Transplantation: A Case Report

This case report describes rare intraoperative complications during renal allotransplantation. A 59-year-old man underwent an expanded criteria deceased donor renal transplantation. A wedge biopsy, as per institution protocol, was performed prior to surgery. After vascular anastomoses, the kidney was reperfused; immediate significant hematuria was noted from the ureter. After exploration, compression of the wedge biopsy site stopped the bleeding, suggesting a venous-calyceal fistula. An incision at the wedge biopsy site was made to do an open repair, yielding a small suspicious lesion. Frozen section confirmed clear cell renal carcinoma, which was completely resected. The hematuria resolved after renorrhaphy, and we proceeded with ureteral reimplantation. Postoperatively, the patient was maintained on immunosuppression, free of recurrence at eight months. The surgeon must be aware of the possibilities of unusual complications as well as treatment options. This study provides a treatment strategy to address these challenging intraoperative complications.
Attack resistant sense amplifier based PUFs (SA-PUF) with deterministic and controllable reliability of PUF responses

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) implement die specific random functions that offer a promising mechanism in various security applications. Stability or reliability of a PUF response is a key concern, especially when the IC containing the PUF is subjected to severe environmental variations. In cryptographic applications, errors in response bits need to be completely corrected and this is often done using costly error correction codes (ECC). In identification and authentication applications however, a complete correction of response bits is not necessary and hence costly ECC schemes can be avoided. On the flip side, a response with faulty bits cannot be post-conditioned by one-way functions, resulting in an increased vulnerability to modeling attacks. We propose a sense amplifier based PUF (SA-PUF) structure that generates random bits with increased reliability, resulting in significantly fewer errors in response bits. This eliminates the need of complex and costly ECC circuitry in cryptographic applications. Further, with the reduced cost of ECC implementation, the use of one-way functions to post-condition the outputs becomes more viable even in identification and authentication applications, thereby increasing their resilience to modeling based attacks. Finally, SA-PUF elements are inherently more resilient to environmental changes as compared to most of the earlier proposed silicon based PUF structures. Simulation data in 65nm bulk CMOS industrial process show that SA-based PUFs have 2.5x-3.5x lower errors compared to other PUF implementations when subjected to similar environmental variations.
SU‐FF‐J‐72: Markerless Fluoroscopic Tracking of Lung Tumors Based On 4D CT

Purpose: To develop a markerless fluoroscopic lungtumor tracking algorithm based on 4D CT generated reference templates. Method and Materials: Fluoroscopic images were acquired at a sampling rate of 15Hz using an on‐board X‐ray imaging (OBI) system. Each fluoroscopic image has a resolution of 768 by 1024, where each pixel represents a physical size of 0.26 mm. 4D CT was obtained from phase sorting based on internal anatomic features. DRRs were generated from 10 phases of the 4D CT, of which inhale and exhale DRRs were shifted to cover a greater motion range. These DRRs served as the reference templates for tracking purposes. GTV contours from the 4D CT give the reference tumor positions in the templates. Motion enhancement was applied to both DRR templates and fluoroscopic images. Pearson's correlation was calculated between each fluoroscopic image and each template in a given ROI. The tracking output is the weighted average of the tumor positions in those templates with largest correlation scores, weighted by the corresponding correlation scores. Results: RMS tracking error ranges between 0.65mm and 0.77mm. Absolute error at 95th percentile ranges between 1.41mm and 1.58mm. These values are well within the error bounds obtained from earlier studies, which require human‐marked tumor positions in the fluoroscopic images for training. Conclusion: This work demonstrates the feasibility of tracking lungtumor fluoroscopically based on 4D CT templates. Future work involves more sophisticated image processing and computer vision techniques to obtain more robust tracking results.
Simulations of the structural and dynamical properties of denatured proteins: the "molten coil" state of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor.

Abstract The dynamic nature of denatured, unfolded proteins makes it difficult to characterize their structures experimentally. To complement experiment and to obtain more detailed information about the structure and dynamic behavior of the denatured state, we have performed eleven 2.5 ns molecular dynamics simulations of reduced bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) at high temperature in water and a control simulation at 298 K, for a total of 30 ns of simulation time. In a neutral pH environment (acidic residues ionized), the unfolded protein structures were compact with an average radius of gyration 9% greater than the native state. The compact conformations resulted from the transient formation of non-native hydrophobic clusters, turns and salt bridges. However, when the acidic residues were protonated, the protein periodically expanded to a radius of gyration of 18 to 20 A. The early steps in unfolding were similar in the different simulations until passing through the major transition state of unfolding. Afterwards, unfolding proceeded through one of two general pathways with respect to secondary structure: loss of the C-terminal helix followed by loss of β-structure or the opposite. To determine whether the protein preferentially sampled particular conformational substates in the denatured state, pairwise C α root-mean-square deviations were measured between all structures, but similar structures were found between only two trajectories. Yet, similar composite properties (secondary structure content, side-chain and water contacts, solvent accessible surface area, etc.) were observed for the structures that unfolded through different pathways. Somewhat surprisingly, the unfolded structures are in agreement with both past experiments suggesting that reduced BPTI is a random coil and more recent experiments providing evidence for non-random structure, demonstrating how ensembles of fluctuating structures can give rise to experimental observables that are seemingly at odds.