cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimization extraction of polyphenols from Hangzhou white chrysanthemum

Hangzhou white chrysanthemum was used as experimental materials to extraction polyphenols.The effects of four independents variables in terms of ethanol concentration,extract temperature,extract time and solid-liquid ration of polyphenols were studied.The optimum extraction conditions were as follow: ethanol concentration 70%,solid-liquid ration 1:15,extract temperature 80 ℃ and extract time 3 h.Under these conditions,the polyphenols yield and extracts yield were 7.82% and 9.25%,respectively.
Care of dying patients.

The terminally ill elderly experience multiple biologic, psychological, and social stresses and needs. Skillful and compassionate direction of treatment toward these needs can enhance the patient’s quality of life and relieve much suffering.
Mindfulness Meditation for Chronic Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background Chronic pain patients increasingly seek treatment through mindfulness meditation.
Query-Biased Partitioning for Selective Search

Selective search is a cluster-based distributed retrieval architecture that reduces computational costs by partitioning a corpus into topical shards, and selectively searching them. Prior research formed topical shards by clustering the corpus based on the documents' contents. This content-based partitioning strategy reveals common topics in a corpus. However, the topic distribution produced by clustering may not match the distribution of topics in search traffic, which may reduce the effectiveness of selective search. This paper presents a query-biased partitioning strategy that aligns document partitions with topics from query logs. It focuses on two parts of the partitioning process: clustering initialization and document similarity calculation. A query-driven clustering initialization algorithm uses topics from query logs to form cluster seeds. A query-biased similarity metric favors terms that are important in query logs. Both methods boost retrieval effectiveness, reduce variance, and produce a more balanced distribution of shard sizes.
Extending the absorption threshold of InGaP solar cells to 1.60 eV using quantum wells: Experimental and modeling results

Strain balanced multiple quantum wells (SBMQWs) lattice matched to GaAs consisting of InGaAsP wells balanced with InGaP barriers have been used to extend the absorption of In0.49Ga0.51P subcells to longer wavelengths for use in five and six junction photovoltaic devices. Thin layers of InGaAsP quantum wells that absorb beyond 760 nm, have been grown with compositions within the miscibility gap of InGaAsP while maintaining thermodynamic stability. External quantum efficiency and current-voltage measurements reveal that InGaAsP/InGaP SBMQWs extend absorption beyond the InGaP band-edge and improve the short circuit current with minimal degradation of open circuit voltage. We study the effect of barrier height on the carrier transport through altering the Indium percentage in the InGaP barrier. Three samples of different barrier heights are fabricated and compared with each other. Results indicate that with proper design of the layers thicknesses and compositions, the absorption threshold of InGaP can be extended up to 780 nm (∼1.59 eV). The promising results of InGaAsP/InGaP SBMQWs in this work offer tremendous potential to alleviate current matching restrictions in next generation and current photovoltaic devices.
Functional Status and Quality of Life in Survivors of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation After the Norwood Operation.

Background Infants who require extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support after a Norwood operation are at increased risk for early and late death compared with patients who do not require ECMO post-Norwood. Little is known about the effect that ECMO post-Norwood has on functional status and quality of life among long-term survivors. Methods We prospectively evaluated functional status and health-related quality of life in 12 surviving patients (cases) and 19 corresponding patients (controls) from a previous retrospective case-control assessment of long-term survival in patients requiring ECMO post-Norwood. Functional status was assessed with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II, and health-related quality of life was assessed with the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) core and cardiac modules. Results There were no differences in demographics, extracardiac or genetic anomalies, or age at follow-up assessment between ECMO cases and non-ECMO controls. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II scores were comparable between groups, with both groups demonstrating function in the normal range in all four domains tested. The only difference in PedsQL scores between cases and controls was perceived physical appearance, which was lower among ECMO survivors by both patient and proxy report. PedsQL scores of both groups were comparable to published scores for patients with single-ventricle congenital heart disease but generally lower than scores for the healthy population. Conclusions The requirement for ECMO support after a Norwood operation does not appear to significantly affect functional status or quality of life among the subset of patients who achieve long-term survival.
Calculation of Modal Contributions to Heat Transfer across Si/Ge Interfaces

Using our newly proposed interface conductance modal analysis (ICMA) formalism, we study the modal contributions to thermal interface conductance (G ) across the interface of crystalline silicon and crystalline germanium. We present the accumulation functions of G at different temperatures and predict G as a function of temperature after proper quantum-corrections have been applied. Different classes of vibration are identified across the interface, among which interfacial modes are determined to have the highest per mode contribution to G . The results demonstrate the ability of ICMA in not only calculating the spectral contributions to G but exactly pinpointing the shape of each vibrational eigen state.
Capture, amplification, and global profiling of microRNAs from low quantities of whole cell lysate

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level via a complex regulatory network that requires genome-wide miRNA profiling to dissect. The patterns of miRNA expression at the genome scale are rich in diagnostic and prognostic information for human diseases such as cancers. This analysis, however, requires multi-step purification of RNAs from large quantities of cells, which is not only time consuming and costly but also challenging in situations where cell numbers are limited. In this study, we report direct capture, amplification, and library preparation of miRNAs from whole cell lysate without the need of pre-purification. As a result, it enables genome-wide miRNA profiling reproducibly with low quantity of cell samples (∼500 hematopoietic cells). Specifically, we conducted a systematic investigation of two key steps - cell lysis for miRNA release and 3' adaptor ligation required for direct miRNA capture and amplification. The obtained expression profile not only distinguishes cell types but also detects individual miRNA alterations in closely related isogenic cell lines. This approach, which is substantially simple as compared to the standard methods because of elimination of the need for RNA purification, is advantageous for the measurement of low quantity samples.
Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Foot and Ankle Surgery

Numerous risk factors have been associated with the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE), and surgeons need to be aware of the risks and the various methods of prevention and treatment. Although considerable clinical investigation has been directed at developing protocols for VTE prophylaxis in hip and knee surgical patients, as well as general medical patients, specific guidelines pertaining to foot and ankle surgical patients have yet to be supported by high quality clinical evidence. Foot and ankle surgeons are encouraged to understand the pathophsyiology of VTE, risk stratification strategies, and the physical and pharmacologic options used to prevent and treat thrombose associated with foot and ankle surgery.
A balanced scorecard for marketing

The development and use of an appropriate set of performance measures is a crucial task in contemporary marketing management, as it not only contributes to better understand current situation and offer guidance for improvement, but also to strengthen accountability. Nevertheless, measuring performance is a lot more than filing tables with numbers and writing reports. Measurement uses numbers, but it is not only or mainly about numbers. It is about perception, understanding and insight, leading to better decisions and results. Based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) principles and on the extant literature on marketing and management, this paper proposes a theory-based, holistic model of marketing performance assessment, showing fundamental metric categories where attention should be focused. Although some integrated frameworks for assessing marketing performance have been presented, this is the first structured effort to model the phenomenon according to BSC philosophy.
Risk and Protective Factors for Substance Use among Sexual and Gender Minority Youth: A Scoping Review.

Alcohol and drug use are common among youth. Rates are especially high among sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY; lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender). We conducted a scoping review of research on risk and protective factors for substance use among SGMY published between 2013 and 2017. Ninety-seven studies met our inclusion criteria. Most focused on individual-level minority stress risk factors, particularly stigma. Fewer studies addressed protective factors such as social support or affirming policies, and few focused on gender minority youth (GMY). We identified important, yet understudied differences by race/ethnicity, sex assigned at birth, and sexual orientation. Findings highlight growing interest in this topic as well as methodological/topical gaps in the literature. Research is needed to examine SGMY substance use in nationally representative samples; expand information about GMY; investigate racial/ethnic and sex/gender differences; improve measurement; and increase translation of findings to support prevention and treatment interventions for this at-risk population.
Tropical maize: Exploiting maize genetic diversity to develop a novel annual crop for lignocellulosic biomass and sugar production

Maize (Zea mays L.) is truly a remarkable crop species, having been adapted from its tropical origins to a wide diversity of environments and end uses. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAOSTAT webpage, 792 million metric tons of maize were produced worldwide in 2007, making it the world’s highest yielding grain crop (http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx). When maize varieties adapted to tropical latitudes are grown in temperate environments such as the US Corn Belt, they flower later and produce little or no grain, but have higher total biomass yields compared to modern commercial corn grain hybrids (Fig. 1). Further, tropical maize also accumulates high amounts of extractable stalk sugar (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) because of reduced grain formation. Although offering potential benefits as a feedstock for biofuels, the direct use of tropical maize germplasm in temperate environments is hampered by greater lodging, less stress tolerance, and susceptibility to disease and insect pests – traits that have been greatly improved in modern US corn grain hybrids. However, hybrids derived from crossing temperate-adapted and tropical parents successfully combine the high biomass potential of tropical maize with the genetic improvements from the past century of corn breeding for high grain yields in temperate environments. Named “tropical maize,” these tropical x temperate hybrids produce greater biomass and sugar compared to current US corn hybrids using at least 50% less nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs (Table 1)
Release of vitamin binding proteins from granulocytes by lithium: vitamin B12 and folate binding proteins.

In 1968, Dr. Seymour Rosenblatt, a psychiatrist using lithium in the treatment of manic-depressive psychosis at the Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City called our attention to the fact that some of his patients receiving lithium appeared to have mild leukocytosis. Joint investigation of this phenomenon with him confirmed that such was the case, and we learned that this phenomenon had been observed as far back as 1955 (Bille and Plum).
Willingness to Participate in Vaccine-Related Clinical Trials among Older Adults

The purpose of this study is to understand among a convenience sample of 400 adults aged 60 years of age or older (1) reasons for being willing or unwilling to participate in a vaccine clinical research study and (2) overall perceptions about vaccine clinical research. A cross-sectional study using a sample of older adults residing in the metro-Atlanta area and surrounding neighborhoods was conducted. The study questionnaire contained 37 questions, including questions about socio-demographics and perceptions about clinical trial processes. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The adjusted modeling results indicated that sex, distance to research clinic, and being informed about the research findings played a role in the likelihood of an elderly person participating in a vaccine study. Males were more likely to participate in clinical trials as compared to females (OR: 2.486; CI: 1.042–5.934). Most participants were willing to travel up to 25 miles from the research clinic. Of the respondents, 45% were unlikely to participate if the results of the current trial are not shared. Improving access to clinical trials in terms of distance traveled and ensuring streamlined processes to inform participants about the results of the trial in the future would increase willingness to participate in vaccine clinical trials. The survey could serve as a useful tool for conducting vaccine studies and other clinical trials by understanding the barriers specific to the elderly.
Vas deferens infiltration by prostate cancer on prostate-specific membrane antigen-targeted 18F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computed tomography: A unique visual pattern.

New radiotracers for positron emission tomography imaging that target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) have emerged as important clinical tools for imaging prostate cancer (PCa). PSMA-targeted radiotracers have demonstrated high sensitivity and high specificity for detecting sites of PCa and are demonstrably superior to conventional imaging modalities such as computed tomography and bone scan. Vas deferens invasion is a rarely encountered poor prognostic feature of PCa. In this case report, we describe a novel pattern of radiotracer uptake in a patient with PCa imaged with PSMA-targeted18F-DCFPyL positron emission tomography/computed tomography that is consistent with diffuse vas deferens involvement.
Outstanding: Centering Black Kids’ Enoughness in Civic Education Research

In this article we argue that latent and explicit theories of Black insufficiency shape how achievement gaps are defined and assessed in civic education research. We engage the substantive historic...
Is there an optimal "door to cath time" in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism with catheter-directed thrombolysis?

Ultrasound assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (UACT) is a relatively novel approach to treating acute pulmonary embolism (PE). It is an alternative to systemic thrombolysis with good success rates and low reported in-hospital mortality, and low rates of procedure-related major and minor bleeding. Since UACT received FDA approval for the treatment of PE in 2014, there is paucity of data regarding the optimal timing of initiation of the procedure after the initial diagnosis is made. We reviewed the available literature regarding UACT for acute PE and found six studies that included time to procedure. Based on our review, patients may benefit from early ( 48 h) initiation. Early initiation of therapy has shown to improve pulmonary arterial pressures, right ventricular (RV) to left ventricular (LV) ratios, with low rates of bleeding and low post procedural and in hospital mortality. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings and establish the appropriate timeline for initiation of UACT.
An Exploratory Study of Possible Correlates of Individual Whistleblowing Propensity Among Sworn Staff in a City Jail

Staff are essential to running safe and humane correctional institutions. To this end, staff sometimes need to report coworker misconduct. Doing so requires a propensity to engage in whistleblowing...
This American Moment: A Feminist Christian Realist Intervention: by Caron Gentry, Oxford University Press, 2018, xix + 208 pp., US$78.00 (cloth), ISBN 978 019 090126 4

If social science is a vocation, then political realism can be a form of worldly love. Two influential versions of this argument have found their way into contemporary international political theor...
The Stop PennEast Pipeline Fieldwork Project: Teaching Students to Apply Fieldwork Methods to Studying a Natural Gas Pipeline Opposition Movement

The Stop PennEast fieldwork project focuses on teaching students how to apply social fieldwork methods to studying an opposition natural gas pipeline movement, located in northeastern PA and northwestern NJ. The fieldwork was connected to an engaged learning assignment offered as part of an Environmental Politics class at Rider University from 2014 to 2018. Course fieldwork was designed to connect data collection and analysis efforts with existing literature covered in class on social movements, environmental networks, and information diffusion between network actors. Work connected to the project included conducting field surveys, canvassing, participant-observations of movement meetings, a survey of state legislators in NJ and PA (in collaboration with the Delaware Riverkeeper Network, an environmental advocacy not for profit), and content analysis of public testimony and social media exchanges. This chapter focuses on having students conduct field surveys of Stop PennEast meeting attendees at five public meetings from November 2014 to January 2015.
Effects of moisture and physical disturbance on pore-scale oxygen content and anaerobic metabolisms in upland soils.

Abstract Soils are the largest dynamic stock of carbon (C) on Earth, and microbial respiration of soil organic C accounts for over 25% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Zones of oxygen depletion in upland soils (anaerobic microsites) are increasingly recognized as an important control on soil microbial respiration rates, but the factors governing the volume and distribution of anaerobic microsites are relatively unknown. We measured the dissolved oxygen (DO) content of porewater from incubated soil cores of varying moisture contents ( 80% water saturation) and degrees of disturbance (undisturbed, conventionally tilled, and physically disturbed). Porewater was extracted sequentially from pores constrained by three effective pore diameters, ≥3.0 μm, 3.0–1.0 μm, and 1.0–0.6 μm, from cores incubated for 7, 14, or 28 days, using a modified Tempe cell extraction system. We observed a parabolic pattern in mean dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations across pore sizes, independent of soil moisture and degree of disturbance. Specifically, DO values within the largest and smallest pore domains were relatively depleted (155 ± 10 μM and 160 ± 11 μM, respectively), while DO values within medium pores were closer to saturation (214 ± 8 μM). The observed DO pattern provides insight into the balance of microbial oxygen demand versus oxygen supply across pore domains within upland soils. Additionally, we observed iron and manganese reduction in all soils except samples subjected to disturbance and incubated at
Network-Based RNA Structural Alignment Through Optimal Local Neighborhood Matching

Structural alignment of RNAs provides an effective way to compare and study RNAs, especially for those that have low sequence similarity yet retain high similarity in terms of their secondary structure. In this paper, we propose an enhanced network-based algorithm for accurate pairwise structural alignment of RNA sequences. Different from many traditional RNA structural alignment approaches that align RNA sequences while explicitly predicting the global consensus secondary structure conserved in different RNAs, our proposed algorithm implicitly infers the most likely alignment between bases, where the goodness of a potential base alignment is evaluated based on the local structure and composition around the bases to be aligned. For this, we take a network-based approach, recently proposed in our TOPAS algorithm, where topological networks are constructed based on the RNAs such that they capture the sequence composition as well as the underlying secondary structure of the RNAs. We align the constructed topological networks based on optimal network-based neighborhood matching. We will demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm over existing schemes, in terms of both accuracy and efficiency, based on RNA structural alignment benchmarks.
CENTRAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA IN A PATIENT WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1

BACKGROUND Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant, inherited, multisystemic disease caused by a mutation in the NF1 gene. A second mutation in this gene can lead to central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) in the jaws of patients with NF1. In this case, we describe a patient with NF1 and the presence of a CGCG in the mandible. CASE REPORT A 24-year-old female patient with relevant medical/dental history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delay, hypothyroidism, congenital heart defect, NF1, and multiple missing teeth presented to the University of Florida College of Dentistry for implant evaluation. A cone beam computed tomography scan was performed where root resorption on tooth 11 was noted and a well-defined, multiloculated, radiolucent entity in the left parasymphyseal region was seen. This entity extended from tooth 20 beyond the midline and from the alveolar crest to the inferior third of the mandible. The alveolar crest and the buccal cortex were mainly resorbed. The root of tooth 21 was distally displaced without evidence of root resorption. The surrounding bone was sclerotic. A thin septum dividing the lesion from the left mental foramen was noted. Given the radiographic appearance and the history of NF1, a CGCG and neurofibroma were considered as differential diagnoses. Histopathologic evaluation was recommended. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS A biopsy confirmed the lesion to be a CGCG. The treatment options suggested by the oral surgeon were (1) nonsurgical: Intralesional injection of corticosteroid or (2) surgical: Enucleation and Curettage (E&C) with likely mandibular resection. Owing to concerns regarding anesthesia, a nonsurgical approach was chosen. The relationship between CGCG and NF1 is rarely seen but is well described in the literature and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with NF1 and tumor-like lesions in the jaws. Intralesional injection of corticosteroids has shown good efficiency in complete remission of CGCGs or substantial shrinkage of the lesion, avoiding large surgical resections.
Antidiabetogenic effects of hydroxychloroquine on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function: a randomised trial.

Aims/hypothesis Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug with anti-inflammatory properties, is employed in rheumatic diseases. In observational studies, patients with rheumatic diseases treated with HCQ have a lower risk of developing diabetes. However, the physiological mechanisms remain unexplained. We hypothesised that HCQ may have favourable effects on insulin sensitivity and/or beta cell function.
Advancing the state of the art in computational gene prediction

Current methods for computationally predicting the locations and intron-exon structures of protein-coding genes in eukaryotic DNA are largely based on probabilistic, state-based generative models such as hidden Markov models and their various extensions. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the optimality of these models for the gene-parsing problem. Furthermore, as the prevalence of alternative splicing in human genes becomes more apparent, the "one gene, one parse" discipline endorsed by virtually all current gene-finding systems becomes less attractive from a biomedical perspective. Because our ability to accurately identify all the isoforms of each gene in the genome is of direct importance to biomedicine, our ability to improve gene-finding accuracy both for human and non-human DNA clearly has a potential to significantly impact human health. In this paper we review current methods and suggest a number of possible directions for further research that may alleviate some of these problems and ultimately lead to better and more useful gene predictions.
Clinical variables and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function in depression. The importance of mood reactivity.

Abstract Forty outpatients with major depressive disorder were studied with the 1 mg DST and the Afternoon Cortisol Test. No relationship was found between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function and Research Diagnostic Criteria subtypes of depression, with the exception of higher log post-dexamethasone cortisol levels in endogeneous depressives. Patients with mood reactivity had lower cortisol values on all assessments. The data suggest that the presence of mood reactivity may be useful as a predictor of normal HPA function in depression.
A Shock Tube Study of H2 + OH H2O + H Using OH Laser Absorption

The rate constant for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals (OH) with molecular hydrogen (H2) was measured behind reflected shock waves using UV laser absorption of OH radicals near 306.69 nm. Test gas mixtures of H2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) diluted in argon were shock-heated to temperatures ranging from 902 to 1518 K at pressures of 1.15–1.52 atm. OH radicals were produced by rapid thermal decomposition of TBHP at high temperatures. The rate constant for the title reaction was inferred by best fitting the measured OH time histories with the simulated profiles from the comprehensive reaction mechanism of Wang et al. (USC-Mech v2.0) (2007). The measured values can be expressed in the Arrhenius equation as k1(T) = 4.38 × 1013 exp(–3518/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1 over the temperature range studied. A detailed error analysis was performed to estimate the overall uncertainty of the title reaction, and the estimated (2 – σ) uncertainties were found to be ±17% at 972 and 1228 K. The present measurements are in excellent agreement with the previous experimental studies from Frank and Just (Ber Bunsen-Ges Phys Chem 1985, 89, 181–187), Michael and Sutherland (J Phys Chem 1988, 92, 3853–3857), Davidson et al. (Symp (Int) Combust 1988, 22, 1877–1885), Oldenborg et al. (J Phys Chem 1992, 96, 8426–8430), and Krasnoperov and Michael (J Phys Chem A 2004, 108, 5643–5648).In addition, the measured rate constant is in close accord with the non-Arrhenius expression from GRI-Mech 3.0 (http://www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/) and the theoretical calculation using semiclassical transition state theory from Nguyen et al. (Chem Phys Lett 2010, 499, 9–15).
Exploring the Relationship between Trunk Adiposity and Trunk Flexibility

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between trunk adiposity and trunk flexibility among adults. Methods: A total of 29 participants, male (n=11) and female (n=18) participants between the ages of 19 and 84 years. The participants were recruited from the University of Central Oklahoma daily email news service. The bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) was used to calculate percent body fat and body mass index (BMI). Three circumference measurements were taken on each participant: waist, abdomen, and hips. The two inclinometers were placed on the sacroiliac joint (S1) and thoracic 12 (T12) to measure trunk flexion and extension. Trunk flexibility was measured as the difference between the two reading at full flexion or extension. Results: The Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation was used to analyze the results. There was a significant negative relationship between trunk flexion correlated with abdomen circumference (r= -.49, p= .01) and hip circumference (r= -.39, p= .03). There was a non- significant relationship observed between trunk flexion and WHR (r= -.10, p= .62) and waist circumference (r= -.35, p= .06). There was a non-significant relationship observed between trunk extension and WHR (r= -.07, p= .71), waist circumference (r= .17, p= .38), abdomen circumference (r= .07, p= .71), and hip circumference (r= .29, p= .13). Trunk flexion was not correlated to BMI (r= -.27, p= .15) and body fat percentage (r= -.29, p= .14). A significant relationship was found between trunk extension and BMI (r= .38, p= .04). Trunk extension and body fat percentage (r= .02, p= .92) did not have a significant relationship. Conclusion: Abdomen and hips are most beneficial when measuring circumferences for trunk adiposity. It was found that trunk flexion has a greater relationship with trunk adiposity than trunk extension.
Lutetium and Oxygen Displacements in OrthorhombicT′-Type Lu2PdO4−δ

Abstract Lutetium palladium oxide, Lu 2 PdO 4− δ , has been prepared in a multianvil apparatus at 60 kbar pressure and 1100°C. It crystallizes in an orthorhombic T ′ (Nd 2 CuO 4 )-type structure with the space group Pbca (No. 61), a =5.479(1) A, b =5.501(1) A, c =11.579(2) A, V =349.0 A 3 , and Z =4. Lutetium and oxygen displacements in the new phase create sixfold coordination for Lu, relieve the compressive stress on the Pd–O bonds resulting from the geometrical mismatch between the PdO 2 and Lu 2 O 2 layers, and reduce the electrostatic repulsion between oxygens.
Organization and expression of the cell cycle gene, ts11, that encodes asparagine synthetase.

The human ts11 gene was isolated on the basis of its ability to complement the mutation of the BHK cell cycle ts11 mutant, which is blocked in G1 at the nonpermissive temperature. This gene has now been identified as the structural gene for asparagine synthetase (AS) on the bases of sequence homology and the ability of exogenous asparagine to bypass the ts11 block. The ts11 (AS) mRNA has a size of about 2 kilobases and is induced in mid-G1 phase in human, mouse, and hamster cell lines. The authors have studied the organization and regulation of expression of the ts11 gene. The human ts11 gene consists of 13 exons (the first two noncoding) interspersed in a region of about 21 kilobases of DNA. Transient expression assays using the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene identified two separate promoters: one (ts11 P1) contained in a 280-base-pair region upstream of the first exon and the other (ts11 P2) contained in the first intron. ts11 P1 produced about sixfold more chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity than did ts11 P2 and had features of the promoters of housekeeping genes: high G+C content, multiple transcription start sites, absence of a TATA box, and presence of putative Sp1 bindingmore » sites. ts11 P2 contained a TATA sequence and other elements characteristic of a promoter, but so far they have no evidence of its physiological utilization. The ts11 gene was overexpressed in ts11 cells exposed to the nonpermissive temperature. Addition of asparagine to the culture medium led to a drastic decrease in mRNA levels and prevented G1 induction in serum-stimulated cells, which indicated that expression of the AS gene is regulated by a mechanism of end product inhibition.« less
Accounting Education In Crisis

Almost on a daily basis new accounting rules and laws are put into use, creating information that must be known and learned by the accounting faculty and then introduced to and understood by the accounting student. Even with the 150 hours of education now required for CPA licensure, it is impossible to teach and learn all there is to learn. Over the years, changes have been recommended and some adopted into the accounting curriculum; however, the crisis of information overload continues in accounting education.
Interchangeability of pencil-beam and fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements in piglets and infants

BACKGROUND Compared with the older pencil-beam (PB) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), the newer fan-beam (FB) DXA has the advantage of faster scan acquisition and greater accuracy of body-composition measurement in small subjects. However, no data exist on the relation between the measurements obtained with these techniques. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate whether PB and FB DXA measurements in small subjects are interchangeable. DESIGN PB and FB DXA scans were performed on 26 piglets and 54 infants to examine the relation between the measurements obtained by using the 2 techniques. RESULTS The correlation between all PB and FB DXA measurements of variables (total weight, bone area, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and lean and fat masses) approached 1.0, but there were significant differences in absolute values. The extent of the differences varied according to the variable, with the lowest value for total weight (mean difference: approximately 1% for both piglets and infants) and the highest value for bone mineral content (mean difference: 35.3% and 36.7% for piglets and infants, respectively). PB and FB DXA measurements were strongly predictive of each other after adjustment (r(2) = 0.927-1.000 for the piglet data and 0.939-0.999 for the infant data). CONCLUSION In small subjects, DXA measurements from PB and FB techniques were strongly predictive of each other, although their absolute values differed. Thus, group comparison of PB and FB DXA data is possible after adjustment of the data from either technique. It is advisable to generate normative data for each technique and to use the same technique throughout longitudinal studies.
Heterolocalism, Networks of Ethnicity, and Refugee Communities in the Pacific Northwest: The Portland Story*

Geographic studies of refugee issues have emerged as salient topics of inquiry in the past decade. This spatial analysis of the migration experiences and heterolocal settlement patterns of refugees in an increasingly diverse part of the Pacific Northwest focuses on a place that the Atlantic Monthly recently called the last Caucasian bastion in the United States. Perceived as a region better known for its dense forests, progressive environmental policies, and rural ambience, the Portland metropolitan area and its hinterland in the Willamette Valley now resonate with ethnic and racial diversity. This article analyzes the spatial patterns and related networks of the three largest refugee groups in the region. Findings indicate that an overlapping and interrelated set of political, social, cultural, and economic networks are the most important factors in determining refugee residential patterns.
On the cause of substorm expansion onset and the processes driving the substorm expansion phase

Abstract Magnetospheric substorms can be a consequence of an enhanced magnetospheric convection driven by the solar wind. The ionosphere responds gradually to an enhanced magnetospheric convection during the growth phase of a substorm, leading to the substorm expansion onset. The growth phase and the expansion onset are powered by the directly-driven process tapping energy from the solar wind. After the expansion onset, a substorm intensifies explosively during the expansion phase which is powered jointly by the directly-driven process and the unloading process. The unloading process is responsible for the explosive release of the stored energy in the magnetotail. Substorm currents associated with the unloading process is found to be ~ 1.6–2 times the substorm currents associated with the directly-driven process based on a substorm event on 7 March 1979.
A characterization of the pareto process among stationary stochastic processes of the form Xn = c min(Xn−1, Yn)

Abstract Let {Yn} be a sequence of i.i.d. non-negative extended real valued random variables. For c > 0, consider stationary stochastic processes of the form Xn = c min(Xn−1, Yn). Subject to a regularity condition related to the behavior of FYn(y) in a neighborhood of 0, it is verified that the associated level crossing processes, Zn(t) = I(Xn > t), are Markovian for every t if and only if {Xn} is a Pareto process.
Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy: A double-balloon technique

We describe a double-balloon technique for performing a percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy. This technique was employed when the large, single dilation balloon customarily used for this procedure failed to fully inflate across the parietal pericardium. Two smaller balloons were advanced through the same skin tract and simultaneously inflated, thus producing an adequate pericardial window. This double-balloon technique allowed for the more secure anchoring of the balloons across the pericardium and for the delivery of greater dilation pressures.
You Know My Steez: An Ethnographic and Sociolinguistic Study of Styleshifting in. Black American Speech Community

You Know My Steez: An Ethnographic and Sociolinguistic Study of Styleshifting in. Black American Speech Community. H. Samy Alim. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. xxxii. 309 pp.
Particle size and time of the day influences on the morphology distributions of atmospheric fine particles at the Baltimore supersite

Abstract The morphology of size-classified ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) was studied in samples collected at the USEPA supersite located in Baltimore, MD. Size classification was accomplished through the use of a low pressure impactor to produce samples with cut-off diameters of 0.10, 0.15, 0.55, and 2.0 μm. Sampling was conducted in two campaigns during the fall of 2002, with separate sampling occurring during early morning, mid-day, late afternoon, and evening periods. Particles with cut-off diameters of 2 μm were generally round in shape, with a border fractal dimension close to 1 based on the analysis of transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of collected samples. Particles with a cut-off diameter of 0.15 μm had on average higher fractal dimensions than the other size classes considered, regardless of time of day associated with the sample. As expected, the time of the day influenced the shape of particle populations sampled. Particles collected during early morning were found to have higher fractal dimension than those collected at other sampling times. At night, particles presented mostly round shapes. This difference was particularly pronounced in particles with cut-off diameters of 0.15 μm.
Many-quark problem in two-dimensional gauge theory

General theorems are given for enumerating and constructing the singlet eigenstates of interaction energy for an arbitrary number of static quarks in SU(N) gauge theory in 1+1 dimensions.
Local thermodynamic properties of a stepped metal surface: Cu(711).

Using a real-space Green's-function approach to determine the local vibrational density of states with force constants extracted from interaction potentials based on the embedded-atom method, we show that the vibrational free energy and the heat capacity of the step and the terrace atoms on Cu(711) are sensitive to the local atomic environment. We find the vibrational contribution to the excess free energy of the step atoms near room temperature to be a significant fraction of the kink formation energy. Also, the low-temperature heat capacity of the step and terrace atoms exhibit a ${\mathit{T}}^{2.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1}$ dependence. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Medical students' perceptions of pathology and the effect of the second-year pathology course

To explore the perceptions of medical students regarding pathology and the effect of the sophomore pathology course, a questionnaire was given to second-year students from 5 different medical schools at the beginning and again at the completion of their pathology course. The questionnaire was given to students in the class of 1995 and then again for those in the class of 2002, with nearly 1,500 surveys collected over the study period. The survey included questions that sought to determine students' affinity for pathology, their understanding of the typical duties of a pathologist, and how they viewed pathology relative to other specialties and perceived positives and negatives of being a pathologist. Overall, the second-year pathology course had little effect on medical students' perceptions of pathology but did provide some increase in their understanding of pathology as a profession. Responses were in general stable when comparing the different classes. Those students interested in pathology emphasized the intellectual aspects of pathology although being less deterred by negative factors such as limited patient contact. In our sample of medical schools, the sophomore pathology course was ineffective at influencing students' perceptions of pathology. Furthermore, those students who are interested in pathology are drawn because of a perceived fit between their personalities and the perception of pathology as a solely scholarly and isolated specialty. Better education about the practice of pathology in the second year, and more importantly, continuing into the clinical years, is necessary to combat these misconceptions about pathology.
Predictive Simulation of Underwater Implosion: Coupling Multi-Material Compressible Fluids With Cracking Structures

The implosive collapse of a gas-filled underwater structure can lead to strong pressure pulses and high-speed fragments that form a potential threat to adjacent structures. In this work, a high-fidelity, fluid-structure coupled computational approach is developed to simulate such an event. It allows quantitative prediction of the dynamics of acoustic and shock waves in water and the initiation and propagation of cracks in the structure. This computational approach features an extended finite element method (XFEM) for the highly-nonlinear structural dynamics characterized by large plastic deformation and fracture. It also features a finite volume method with exact two-phase Riemann solvers (FIVER) for the solution of the multi-material flow problem arising from the contact of gas and water after the structure fractures. The Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver and the Lagrangian computational structural dynamics (CSD) solver are coupled by means of an embedded boundary method of second-order accuracy in space. The capabilities and performance of this computational approach are explored and discussed in the full-scale simulations of a laboratory implosion experiment with hydrostatic loading and a three-dimensional manufactured implosion problem with explosion loading.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Application of thermometric titrations to the study of soil organic matter. I. Simple polyelectrolytes

Abstract An introduction to the technique of thermometric titrimetry is provided and its special potentialities for the study of humic substances are discussed. As a prelude to the investigation of the complicated humic systems, the relatively simple polyelectrolytes, PAA and PMA, were first studied. Thermometric titration of these polymeric acids with sodium hydroxide solution gave good end points. Thermometric titration of the salts of these acids with various transition metal ions gave end point breaks corresponding stoichiometrically to charge neutralization of the polyelectrolyte. These thermometric titrations involving the transition metal ions are compared with the corresponding nephelometric titrations.
Present status of photodynamic therapy for high-grade dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus.

Goals:Review recent developments in Barrett's dysplasia including regulatory approval of porfimer sodium photodynamic therapy.Background:Barrett's esophagus is thought to be the result of long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease and is known to be the most important risk factor for the developm
Property Rights and the Dynamics of Institutional Change: The Closing of the Georgia Open Range, 1870–1900

The traditional agricultural practice in Georgia from colonial times until after the Civil War allowed animals to roam the countryside freely and forced farmers to erect fences around their growing crops. All unfenced land, therefore, was considered common pasture that could be used by anyone. After the Civil War there was a concerted effort to eradicate the open range policy and to force all livestock owners to fence in their animals instead of forcing farmers to fence them out of the growing crops. Previous historical research on the fence law debate has portrayed it as a class conflict. Investigation of the qualitative and quantitative evidence, however, shows that a two-class interpretation is wrongly simple. The fence law debate stemmed from the materialistic goals of individuals concerned about the distribution of costs and benefits of fencing crops and livestock. The Georgia legislature's role in facilitating the closing of the range was crucial. First, it allowed countywide referenda. Upon seeing that majority rule generally failed as a mechanism to facilitate the adoption of a relatively profitable institution, the legislature manipulated the voting rules so as to guarantee compensation for a subset of the expected losers. By forcing the transfer of income from expected winners to losers, the legislature made voluntary enactment of the closed range easier to attain. Moreover, roll call analyses of the enabling legislation refute previous historians' claims that the closed range was designed and implemented for reasons of social control. Finally, some historians claim that the animosities created during the bitter fence debate of the 1880s generated the bases of support for the Populist movement of the 1890s. The analysis provided in the thesis shows that the "Roots of Southern Populism" cannot be easily found in the fence law conflict. More generally, the dissertation is a study of institutional change. New institutional economists have been overly concerned with the beginning and end points of institutional change, and have portrayed the process of change as occuring within a "black box." This thesis demonstrates that the dynamics of change must be examined as more than voluntary bargaining between self-interested individuals. Institutional development, instead, must be studied within a broader framework that incorporates the complex interplay between economic, legal, political, and social forces.
Sexual addiction: Many conceptions, minimal data.

Sexual addiction has received increasing attention in the past decade. We review existing literature on (a) competing conceptualizations of this syndrome as constituting an addictive, obsessive-compulsive, or impulse control disorder; (b) symptomatology and progression; (c) etiological models; and (d) treatment approaches. Based on this review, we conclude by identifying questions requiring resolution via empirical investigation.
Treating Phonological Disorders in a Multilingual Child

This study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of cognitive-linguistic approach in treating a phonological disorder in a five-year-old trilingual child. The child's native languages were Hindi a...