cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fuel-induced Insulin Release In Vitro from Insulinomas Transplanted into the Rat Kidney

We studied the release of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin in response to glucose, glyceraldehyde (GA), and α-ketoisocaproate (KIC) from rat kidneys containing transplanted insulinomas. Kidneys were perfused about 11 wk after transplantation when the plasma glucose concentration of the fed animals had decreased from 180 ± 7 to 95.1 ± 9.9 mg/dl and plasma insulin concentrations had increased from 2.6 ± 0.5 to 14.2 ± 2.0 ng/ml. The insulin content of the tumorcontaining kidney ranged from 40 to 679 μg; the glucagon and somatostatin concentrations ranged from undetectable levels to 3.7 μg and 248 ng, respectively. The average response to 30 mM glucose and 10 mM GA was a four- to fivefold increase in insulin secretion, whereas 30 mM KIC caused a 16- to 28-fold increase. In vitro stimulation of the insulinoma with 30 mM glucose primed the β-cell response to a second stimulus following a short rest period. Cytochalasin B did not enhance this primed glucose response. Diazoxide inhibited glucose, GA, and KIC-stimulated insulin release. Glucose, GA, and KIC stimulated glucagon release in 2 of 17 insulinomas studied here. Somatostatin release was not seen in any of the experiments. These findings show that this islet cell tumor transplanted under the kidney capsule releases insulin in response to physiologic and model fuel substances. Thus, this particular transplantable tumor offers an opportunity to study the biochemistry and biophysics that underlie fuel-stimulated insulin release.
Bioethanol production from dilute feedstock

Abstract Ethanol production from dilute feedstock of simulated and actual sugarcane mill wastewater was investigated by using the anaerobic entrapped yeast cell process. It was found that the ethanol productivity of 0.138×10−4 g/liter void volume/h per unit volume of carrier could be achieved at the dilution rate 0.05 h−1 using actual sugarcane mill wastewater with the feed COD concenrations of 0.9–1.4 g/liter. Ethanol productivities of 0.225 × 10−4 g/liter void volume/h per unit volume carrier and 2.31 × 10−4 g/liter volume/h per unit volume of carrier could be achieved at the dilution rates of 0.075 and 0.20 h−1 with the feed COD concentrations of 2 and 6 g/liter, of simulated dilute feedstock, respectively. Based on the cost analysis of both maximum ethanol and methane productions from the dilute feedstock, the selection of the ethanol production is more beneficial than methane production for a period of longer than 8 years. The system provides an appropriate approach for pollution control, biofuel production, and treated wastewater reuse.
Variation in Portal and Hepatic Venous Anatomy as Shown by Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Implication for Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is able to show the portal and hepatic venous anatomy. Variation in the relative position of the right portal vein and the right hepatic vein is shown in three parasagittal planes in three different cases and accounts for the different appearances of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in three patients. MRI shows that the optimal plane of exit from the right portal vein is 1–2.5 cm from the lateral wall of the inferior vena cava but individual variation does occur: a right portal vein with a more anterior and craniad location may not be accessible to the Colapinto needle; a parenchymal tract which is directed too far inferomedially risks puncturing the portal vein outside the liver capsule.
Medical Home Disparities for Children by Insurance Type and State of Residence

The objectives of this study are (1) to compare the prevalence of a medical home between children with public and private insurance across states, (2) to investigate the association between a medical home and state health care characteristics for children with public and private insurance. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, estimating the prevalence of parents’ report of a medical home and its components for publicly- and privately-insured children in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. We then performed a series of random-effects multilevel logistic regression models to assess the associations between a medical home and insurance type, individual sociodemographic characteristics, and state level characteristics/policies. The prevalence of a medical home varied significantly across states for both publicly- and privately-insured children (ranges: 33–63 % and 57–76 %, respectively). Compared to privately-insured children, publicly-insured children had a lower prevalence of a medical home in all states (public–private difference: 5–34 %). Low prevalence of a medical home was driven primarily by less family-centered care. Variation across states and differences by insurance type were largely attributable to lower reports of a medical home among traditionally vulnerable groups of children, including racial/ethnic minorities and non-English primary language speakers. The prevalence of a medical home was not associated with state level characteristics/policies. There are significant disparities between states in parents’ report of a medical home for their children, especially for publicly-insured children. Interventions seeking to address these disparities will need to target family-centered care for traditionally vulnerable populations of children.
Association of total daily physical activity with disability in community-dwelling older persons: a prospective cohort study

Based on findings primarily using self-report measures, physical activity has been recommended to reduce disability in old age. Collecting objective measures of total daily physical activity in community-dwelling older adults is uncommon, but might enhance the understanding of the relationship of physical activity and disability. We examined whether greater total daily physical activity was associated with less report of disability in the elderly.
Vivekananda Yoga Program for Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer and Their Family Caregivers

Background. The primary purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility of a couple-based Vivekananda Yoga (VKC) intervention in lung cancer patients and caregivers. Secondly, we examined preliminary efficacy regarding quality of life (QOL) outcomes. Method. In this single-arm feasibility trial, patients with lung cancer undergoing radiotherapy and their caregivers participated in a 15-session VKC program that focused on the interconnectedness of the dyad. We assessed pre-and post-intervention levels of fatigue, sleep disturbances, psychological distress , overall QOL , spirituality , and relational closeness. We tracked feasibility data, and participants completed program evaluations. Results. We approached 28 eligible dyads of which 15 (53%) consented and 9 (60%) completed the intervention. Patients (mean age = 73 years, 63% female, all stage III) and caregivers (mean age = 62 years, 38% female, 63% spouses) completed a mean of 10 sessions and 95.5% of them rated the program as very useful. Paired t tests revealed a significant increase in patients’ mental health (d = 0.84; P = .04) and a significant decrease in caregivers’ sleep disturbances (d = 1.44; P = .02). Although not statistically significant, for patients, effect sizes for change scores were medium for benefit finding and small for distress (d = 0.65 and 0.37, respectively). For caregivers, medium effects were found for improvement in physical functioning (d = 0.50). Conclusion. This novel supportive care program appears to be safe, feasible, acceptable, and subjectively useful for lung cancer patients and their caregivers and lends support for further study.
Components of the RNAi Machinery That Mediate Long-Distance Chromosomal Associations Are Dispensable for Meiotic and Early Somatic Homolog Pairing in Drosophila melanogaster

Homolog pairing is indispensable for the proper segregation of chromosomes in meiosis but the mechanism by which homologs uniquely pair with each other is poorly understood. In Drosophila, somatic chromosomes also undergo full homolog pairing by an unknown mechanism. It has been recently demonstrated that both insulator function and somatic long-distance interactions between Polycomb response elements (PREs) are stabilized by the RNAi machinery in Drosophila. This suggests the possibility that long-distance pairing interactions between homologs, either during meiosis or in the soma, may be stabilized by a similar mechanism. To test this hypothesis, we have characterized meiotic and early somatic chromosome pairing of homologous chromosomes in flies that are mutant for various components of the RNAi machinery. Despite the identification of a novel role for the piRNA machinery in meiotic progression and synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly, we have found that the components of the RNAi machinery that mediate long-distance chromosomal interactions are dispensable for homologous chromosome pairing. Thus, there appears to be at least two mechanisms that bring homologous sequences together within the nucleus: those that act between dispersed homologous sequences and those that act to align and pair homologous chromosomes.
Exceptional Preservation of Fossils in an Upper Proterozoic Shale

An exceptionally well-preserved and distinctive assemblage of Late Proterozoic fossils from subtidal marine shales is reported. In addition to the spheromorphic acritarchs and cyanobacteria sheaths routinely preserved in Proterozoic rocks, this assemblage includes multicellular algae, a diverse assortment of morphologically complex protistan vesicles, and probable heterotrophic bacteria. Thus, it provides one of the clearest and most taxonomically varied views of Proterozoic life yet reported.
Magnetic Ordering of Tb Overlayers on Ni(111)

The 5ρ3/2 to 5ρ1/2 shallow core level branching ratios in different photoemission geometries provide a measure of the magnetic ordering in rare earth overlayers as a result of final state effects in photoemission. This 5ρ level anisotropy can be used to probe magnetic ordering across the Tb Curie temperature as well as magnetic ordering induced by a ferromagnetic substrate in a paramagnetic overlayer. Results are shown for paramagnetic Tb overlayers on Ni(111). The Ginzberg-Landau theory can be used to accurately model terbium thin films for T>Tc.
Current Sales Training Practices in the Commercial Retail Banking Industry in Malaysia

Sales training practices were examined in the Malaysian banking industry. Banking sales personnel completed 292 surveys out of 750 distributed, yielding a response rate of 38.7%. Commercial banks in Malaysia followed a joint-trainer approach and utilized evaluators from middle and upper management positions to assess sales training program. Training programs used low-participative methods, like on-the-job training and lectures. Product- and service-oriented topics and result-based sales training evaluation methods were commonly practiced within the industry. Future challenges include developing flexible online training methods and selling relationships in a multiethnic country. Managerial implications are provided.
On the problem of modelling for parameter identification in distributed structures

Structures are often characterized by parameters, such as mass and stiffness, that are spatially distributed. Parameter identification of distributed structures is subject to many of the difficulties involved in the modeling problem, and the choice of the model can greatly affect the results of the parameter identification process. Analogously to control spillover in the control of distributed-parameter systems, identification spillover is shown to exist as well and its effect is to degrade the parameter estimates. Moreover, as in modeling by the Rayleigh-Ritz method, it is shown that, for a Rayleigh-Ritz type identification algorithm, an inclusion principle exists in the identification of distributed-parameter systems as well, so that the identified natural frequencies approach the actual natural frequencies monotonically from above.
Plant trichomes have mixed impacts on predatory insects

In response to our review article on the role of plant trichomes on insect predators (Riddick & Simmons 2014), Krimmel (2014) acknowledged the challenges that are faced in bringing together the varied publications on the subject of impact of plant trichomes on predatory insects. He also suggested that predatory insects may perform better on plant trichomes in the field than one may think, notably because laboratory and field results do not always agree. Certain predatory insects in the field represent a subset of the overall assessment of the impact of plant trichomes on insect predators. We recognize that every publication on this subject was not listed in our review (Riddick & Simmons 2014). On the other hand, we believe that our review summarized the majority of the most relevant published research on this subject. As noted in our review, data for many insect predators are absent or scarce in regards to impact of plant trichomes; our overall conclusions were based on the published data. Moreover, as noted in our review, we excluded predatory mites because they were recently addressed in a review of the impact of plant trichomes on this group (Schmidt 2014). Nevertheless, the published reports in our review show that guilds of insect predators in assorted plant systems can have responses to plant trichomes that range from no effect to mild effect to major effect. Depending on whether research is conducted in a laboratory, greenhouse or field, there are obviously strengths and limitations for each study environment. Sometimes, there are cage effects or environmental effects on plants or insects in studies in either research environment (Simmons & Yeargan 1990; Richards & Coley 2008, Asiimwe et al 2013). For example, plant trichome type and density can vary based on day length (Snyder et al 1998). As illustrated in our review, a host of abiotic and/or biotic factors may even offer different results in the field between two seasons. Yet, data within tri-trophic relationships in different environments (laboratory, greenhouse or field) do not necessarily need to agree to be valid. Of course, the two practical systems for predators in horticultural production systems are protected environments (e.g. greenhouses) and the field. We do not expect plant trichomes to have the same (or lack of) impact on all insect predators in both protected and open field plant systems because of possible differences in insect densities, differences in prey complex, and possible differences in abiotic effects on plants and insect behavior. Although most studies in our review indicated a negative impact on the behavior of predators, the actual impact on fitness is not known. The range of responses lead us to conclude that some predators are apparently more adapted to certain plant trichomes. For some insect predators, the effect is positive, but it is neutral or negative for others. The majority of reports support a negative impact. Yet, much more data are needed to better define which predators are affected by plant trichomes.
Process Development Unit (PDU) for Hydrothermal Carbonization (HTC) of Lignocellulosic Biomass

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is an effective means of upgrading raw lignocellulosic biomass to a more uniform solid hydrochar, having increased energy density. The HTC process is conducted in hot (200–300 °C) pressurized liquid water. Most experimental investigations of HTC have been conducted at small scale, using bench-top batch reactor vessels. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and demonstration of a larger-scale process development unit (PDU) that enables semi-continuous HTC treatment of approximately 3 kg of biomass. This auger-equipped tubular reactor system conveys raw biomass through a zone of hot pressurized water, and deposits the solid hydrochar product in an accumulator vessel that is maintained at a lower temperature. Gaseous and liquid samples can be collected both while the PDU is at operating temperature, and after it has cooled. Characterization of gaseous, aqueous, and solid samples from a set of PDU experiments indicated good agreement with results from previous HTC experiments conducted in a much smaller (2-L) batch reactor. This suggests that the PDU provides a reliable scale-up of the HTC process.
Stenosis of the external cervical os: an association with endometriosis in women with chronic pelvic pain.

Abstract Objective: To report a simple technique for diagnosing stenosis of the external cervical os and to evaluate an association between stenosis of the external cervical os and endometriosis in women with chronic pelvic pain. Design: Case series. Setting: Academic medical center. Patient(s): Twenty-five women with chronic pelvic pain and stenosis of the external cervical os. Intervention(s): Measurement of the diameter of the external cervical os. Main Outcome Measure(s): Association between cervical stenosis and surgically documented endometriosis in women with chronic pelvic pain. Result(s): Endometriosis was visually documented at surgery for 24 of 25 women with chronic pelvic pain and stenosis of the external cervical os. Conclusion(s): Endometriosis is a common finding in women with both stenosis of the external cervical os and chronic pelvic pain.
Bayesian Image Reconstruction for Improving Detection Performance of Muon Tomography

Muon tomography is a novel technology that is being developed for detecting high-Z materials in vehicles or cargo containers. Maximum likelihood methods have been developed for reconstructing the scattering density image from muon measurements. However, the instability of maximum likelihood estimation often results in noisy images and low detectability of high-Z targets. In this paper, we propose using regularization to improve the image quality of muon tomography. We formulate the muon reconstruction problem in a Bayesian framework by introducing a prior distribution on scattering density images. An iterative shrinkage algorithm is derived to maximize the log posterior distribution. At each iteration, the algorithm obtains the maximum a posteriori update by shrinking an unregularized maximum likelihood update. Inverse quadratic shrinkage functions are derived for generalized Laplacian priors and inverse cubic shrinkage functions are derived for generalized Gaussian priors. Receiver operating characteristic studies using simulated data demonstrate that the Bayesian reconstruction can greatly improve the detection performance of muon tomography.
Functional Roles of Arginine During the Peri-Implantation Period of Pregnancy. III. Arginine Stimulates Proliferation and Interferon Tau Production by Ovine Trophectoderm Cells via Nitric Oxide and Polyamine-TSC2-MTOR Signaling Pathways

In mammal species, arginine is a multifunctional amino acid required for survival, growth, and development of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and associated extraembryonic membranes) during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy. However, functional roles of arginine with respect to it being a substrate for production of nitric oxide (NO) and polyamines on trophectoderm cell proliferation and function remain largely unknown. To systematically assess roles of arginine in conceptus development and its effect on interferon tau (IFNT) production for pregnancy recognition signaling in ruminants, an established ovine trophectoderm (oTr1) cell line isolated from Day-15 ovine conceptuses were used to determine their response to arginine, putrescine, and NO donors, as well as their associated inhibitors. Arginine at physiological concentration (0.2 mM) stimulated maximum oTr cell proliferation (increased 2.0-fold at 48 h and 2.6-fold at 96 h; P < 0.05), stimulated IFNT production (IFNT/cell increased 3.1-fold; P < 0.05), and increased total protein per cell by more than 1.5-fold (P < 0.05). It also increased phosphorylated tuberous sclerosis protein (p-TSC2) and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) abundance by more than 2.7- and 4.3-fold (P < 0.0001) after long-term incubation, respectively. When Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME; NO synthase inhibitor), DL-α-difluoromethylornithine hydrochloride hydrate (DFMO; ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor), and the combination (L-NAME + DFMO) were added, the effects of arginine on cell proliferation was reduced by 10.7%, 16.1%, and 22.3% (P < 0.05) at 48 h, and 15.3%, 27.2%, and 39.1% (P < 0.05) at 96 h of incubation, respectively, but values remained 1.5-fold higher (P < 0.05) than for the arginine-free control, which suggests that arginine, per se, serves as a growth factor. Both putrescine and NO stimulate cell proliferation via activation of the TSC2-MTOR signaling cascade, whereas only putrescine increased IFNT production. Collectively, our results indicate that arginine is essential for oTr1 cell proliferation and IFNT production via the NO/polyamine-TSC2-MTOR signaling pathways, particularly the pathway involving polyamine biosynthesis.
Public Service Motivation: A Test of the Job Attraction–Selection–Attrition Model

ABSTRACT Public service motivation (PSM) research suggests that PSM influences employee sector choice, yet relatively little research examines how time moderates this relationship. In this research we examine public service motivation among private and public sector lawyers. Using survey data that measure sector of employment at multiple time periods, we investigate the stability of the relationship between individual reward orientations and sector employment choice over time. Our findings suggest that while PSM may not clearly predict the employment sector of a respondent's first job, it does increase the likelihood that a respondent's subsequent job is in the public sector.
A Phosphoinositide Switch Controls the Maturation and Signaling Properties of APPL Endosomes

The recent identification of several novel endocytic compartments has challenged our current understanding of the topological and functional organization of the endocytic pathway. Using quantitative single vesicle imaging and acute manipulation of phosphoinositides we show that APPL endosomes, which participate in growth factor receptor trafficking and signaling, represent an early endocytic intermediate common to a subset of clathrin derived endocytic vesicles and macropinosomes. Most APPL endosomes are precursors of classical PI3P positive endosomes, and PI3P plays a critical role in promoting this conversion. Depletion of PI3P causes a striking reversion of Rab5 positive endosomes to the APPL stage, and results in enhanced growth factor signaling. These findings reveal a surprising plasticity of the early endocytic pathway. Importantly, PI3P functions as a switch to dynamically regulate maturation and signaling of APPL endosomes.
Growth rate and mortality of Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata, in four freshwater impoundments in south-eastern Queensland, Australia

Growth and total mortality of Australian bass, Macquaria novemaculeata Steindachner, were studied in four freshwater impoundments using data from a cooperative angler tagging programme. Growth was modelled using the computer program GROTAG. Annual growth increments varied among impoundments, ranging from 5.0 to 7.8 cm yr−1 among fish 20-cm total length (TL) and 1.7 to 4.9 cm yr−1 among fish 30 cm TL, but exceeded previous estimates for the species. Annual total mortality rates, based on the decrease in recapture rate with time, ranged from 0.03 to 0.07 and were lower than for other comparable species, presumably because of the prevalence of catch and release fishing in the impoundments studied.
Evaluation of the Effects of Different Process Parameters on the Corrosion Protection Provided by Cerium-Based Coatings on Galvanized Steels

Abstract To avoid the environmental problems caused by Cr+6, cerium-based conversion coatings have widely been studied to improve the corrosion resistance of galvanized steels. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different process parameters on the corrosion resistance of galvanized steels coated with cerium-based conversion layers. The samples were dipped into a cerium salt solution containing colloidal silica (SiO2), silane (SiH4), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for two different times and then placed immediately in an oven for two different drying temperatures and drying times. The corrosion behavior of the different samples was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) after 24 h exposure to 0.1 N sodium chloride (NaCl). The 23 factorial design experiments were applied to determine the optimum process parameters. The drying temperature was found to have the largest positive influence on the corrosion resistance of galvanized steel treated in the cerium-based solution.
Novices Work on Group Reports Problems in Group Writing and in Computer-Supported Group Writing

This article identifies problems in the computer-supported group writing of MBA students who are both novice strategic report writers and novice users of technology that supports group work. These problems consist of lack of attention to readers' needs, attitudes, and expectations; poor conflict management; leadership problems; genre confusion; shaky definition of the strategic problem; poor commitment and attitudes toward use of new technology; poor computer policies and practices; and conflicting hardware and software preferences. The article suggests several reasons for these problems, draws implications for instruction of computer-supported group writing, and suggests topics for further research.
Guignon on Self-Surrender and Homelessness in Dostoevsky and Heidegger

Charles Guignon’s work on Dostoevsky and much of his writing on Heidegger addresses the experience of homelessness and how it flows out of the modern configuration of the self. Using Guignon’s work as a point of reference, this paper draw connections between Dostoevsky and Heidegger regarding their critique of the modern self. The aim is to show how both thinkers point to the importance of recovering the indigenous values of a homeland for a sense of belongingness and moral orientation. For Dostoevsky this involves retrieving the values of the Eastern Church and the Greek notion of kenosis (‘self-emptying’) that can release us from selfishness and pride so that we can perform selfless acts of love in the image of Christ. And, although his conception of historical recovery is more nuanced and largely stripped of its religious context, there is an analogous theme found in Heidegger’s later writings on Gelassenheit (‘letting-be’). Both notions cultivate an attitude of shared humility and moral rootedness and can serve as a powerful corrective to the uprooted egoism that prevails today.
Are There Relationships between Perceived and Actual Measures of Physical Fitness and Health for Healthy Young Women?1:

The purposes were to assess the bivariate and multivariate relationships among the subdomains of physical self-concept, self-esteem, and objective measures of physical fitness in young healthy fema...
Visualization and characterization of electroactive defects in the native oxide film on aluminium

Spatially localized electrochemical activity at Al/Al2O3 electrodes has been investigated using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in order to establish the relationship between localized corrosion of Al (and Al alloys) with the defect structure of the native Al2O3 film. Local electron transfer at microscopic defects (2 to 50 μm radius) was visualized in acetonitrile solutions using the nitrobenzene/nitrobenzene radical anion (E° ∼ −1.6 V vs. Ag/Ag+) and tetracyanoquinodimethane/tetracyanoquinodimethane radical anion couples (E° ∼ −0.3 V) as redox mediators for imaging. SECM investigations revealed no significant differences in electrochemical activity at Al/Al2O3 electrodes in the two mediator solutions, indicating that electrical conduction at the defect sites is weakly dependent on interfacial potential and the electric field across the Al2O3 film. The density of electroactive defects observed by SECM varied by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude between electrodes prepared from the same source of Al (either 99.45% and 99.9995%) suggesting that electrical conduction in the native oxide is very sensitive to surface preparation. Defect densities as low as ∼3 sites cm−2 were readily measured by SECM.
The Islamic law of apostasy and its modern applicability: A case from the Sudan

(1986). The Islamic law of apostasy and its modern applicability. Religion: Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 197-224.
Pathways and fate of migratory cells during late tooth organogenesis

Tissue recombination experiments and cell lineage analyses of the developing neural crest have documented the role and central pathways of migratory cells during early craniofacial development. In the present study, regional pathways of cells during late peripheral morphogenesis were investigated using the crown stage tooth organ as a model. Homing targets during tooth integument formation were analyzed to understand the fate of migratory cells involved in late tooth organogenesis and the developmental origin of periodontal tissues. After surgical removal of the oral mucosa, the oral aspect of the dental follicle of lower first mouse molar teeth was labeled using a fluorescent contact dye. Following sacrifice after 0, 2, 4, and 6 days, labeled cells were detected in the dental follicle, in the alveolar bone, and in the periodontal ligament adjacent to the molar root. The distribution of labeled tissues was reconstructed three-dimensionally via confocal microscopy. Using a tooth molar organ culture system, labeled cells within the dental follicle were documented traveling in the apical direction. Our results indicated that cell migration during tooth organogenesis was following specific pathways and that cells within the circumference of the dental follicle were migrating in the apical direction. We speculate that migratory cells passing through the dental follicle connective tissue may contribute to the formation of the periodontium. The present documentation visualizes pathways, role, and dynamics of extensive cell movements during late tooth organogenesis.
Practice pattern of ileal pouch surveillance in academic medical centers in the United States

Objective: There is no consensus on whether, when and how to surveil an ileal pouch. The aims of this study were to evaluate experts’ opinions and practice patterns on pouch surveillance and to determine if they were associated with detection of neoplasia. Methods: Eligible physicians were identified by searching the literature in MEDLINE and the physician list of the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation of America and surveying by questionnaire. Results: Fifty-two eligible participants from 32 tertiary institutions were identified. Forty-one physicians (79%) felt that surveillance pouchoscopy was necessary, and 36 (69%) believed that pouchoscopy with biopsy was effective for the detection of neoplasia. Great variation exists with regard to the frequency of surveillance pouchoscopy. Eighteen physicians (35%) reported the detection of a total of 4 pouch dysplasias and 15 pouch cancers within the previous 5 years. The followup number of ileal pouches per year was significantly higher in the neoplasia detection group (50 vs 25, P ¼ 0.041). Those who reported detecting neoplasia took even fewer biopsies from the ileal pouch body during the pouchoscopy examination (>3 biopsies per location, 44% vs 82%, P ¼ 0.005). Multivariable analysis showed that the number of patients with ileal pouches followed up per year was the only independent factor associated with the detection of pouch neoplasia (odds ratio [OR]: 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1‐2.1; P ¼ 0.005). Conclusion: Most experts agree with performing pouchoscopy and biopsy for surveillance of ileal pouch neoplasia, although the optimal interval varies greatly. The detection of pouch neoplasia appears to be related to patient volume and physician experience.
Anticipating College Enrollment: Adapting SuccessNavigator® for High School Students

In this report, we describe the development of an extension of the SuccessNavigator® assessment for late high school settings. We discuss the assessment's conceptualization and support its application with psychometric studies detailing scale development in terms of structural analyses, reliability, and several other aspects of validity. High School SuccessNavigator (HSSN) is an assessment of students' noncognitive and academic skills important to their preparation for transitioning to higher education. The assessment provides a holistic review of students' strengths and potential areas for improvement, and it was designed for use by counselors and administrators to aid their work in engaging students to facilitate skill development. The primary aim of HSSN is to provide a standardized metric by which to direct individualized support to students as they ready themselves for postsecondary enrollment.
Abstract 3455: Arsenic trioxide modulates DNA synthesis and apoptosis in lung carcinoma cells

Arsenic trioxide, the trade name Trisenox, is a drug used to treat acute promyleocytic leukemia (APL). Studies have demonstrated that arsenic trioxide slows the cancer cells growth. Although it has been reported that arsenic acts on cells by influencing numerous signal transduction pathways, cell cycle progression, and/or apoptosis, its apoptotic mechanisms are very complex. The primary objective of this research is to evaluate the effects of arsenic trioxide on DNA synthesis and to determine whether arsenic induced-apoptosis is mediated via caspase activation, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and cell cycle arrest. To achieve this goal, the lung cancer (A549) cells were cultured following standard protocol, and exposed to various doses (0, 2, 4, and 6 µg/ml) of arsenic trioxide for 48 h. The effect of arsenic trioxide on DNA synthesis was determined by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation assay. Apoptosis was determined by caspase-3 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) assay, and immunoblot analysis (p38 MAP kinase activity). The cell cycle analysis was evaluated propidium iodide assay. [ 3 H]Thymidine incorporation assay revealed dose-related cytotoxic response at higher levels of exposure. Our findings revealed that arsenic trioxide modulated caspase 3 activity and induced p38 map kinase activation in lung carcinoma (A549) cells. The data revealed no cell cycle arrest at the sub-G 0 in A549 cells when treated with arsenic trioxide. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3455.
Serial-port Switching Method in Embedded System Using Multicore-multithread Processor

Serial-port is a very important kind of man-machine interface in embedded system development. Usually serial port is used as console or standard IO. Multicore-multithread processor can run different OS such as Linux and VxWorks on different threads of one core when AMP model is uesed.It is convenient to share the limited serial-port resource when debugging different threads of a different core.
Analysis of occupational exposure among medical staff in specialized hospital and countermeasures

OBJECTIVE To understand the occupational injuries among medical staff in the specialist hospital,and to explore the risk factors for occupational exposure,so as to formulate effective preventions.METHODS Whenever any case of occupational exposure occurred from 2008 tuo 2010,the form of needle stick and sharp instrument injury report or the form of blood and body fluid exposure report was filled out,with tracking records for exposure being established.RESULTS A total of 71 occupational exposures occurred from 2008 to 2010 and 73 cases were reported;among the cases of occupational exposure,most distributed in the department of gynecology and obstetrics,accounting for 39.73%;the main sources of exposure were hepatitis B,syphilis and HIV;there were 58 cases with sharp instrument injuries,accounting for 79.45%,there were 15 cases of blood and body fluid exposure,accounting for 20.55%.CONCLUSION The key to reduce the risk of occupational exposure is to enhance health education and improve self-protection awareness and emergency treatment ability of medical staff.
563. Analysis of DNA Repair Pathway Choice Upon Induction of Double-Strand Breaks by Engineered Nuclease

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are among the most dangerous classes of DNA damage. Cells have evolved complex DNA damage response pathways to repair DSBs. In mammalian cells, two major and mechanistically distinct DSB repair pathways are non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR). NHEJ and HR can be regulated by multiple factors including position in the cell cycle. For single-copy loci, HR is thought to be restricted to late S/G2 phase, based on the need for a sister chromatid as a repair template. It remains unclear whether this is also true for multi-copy loci. Here, we have investigated DSB pathway choice by developing multi-copy and single-copy DSB reporter human cell systems. Using these systems we initiated a DSB with a specific zinc finger nuclease and then visualized DSB repair as it relates to cell cycle phase. We show that both the NHEJ and HR pathways can simultaneously repair DSBs at the reporter locus. The frequency of recruitment of the HR repair protein Rad51 is higher with the multi-copy DSB substrate than with the single-copy. This suggests that, availability of a homologous template near the DSB repair site influences repair pathway choice. Consistent with this, molecular analysis of repair at the single-copy reporter by SMRT sequencing revealed an increase in gene editing frequency by HR with increasing amounts of transfected exogenous donor template. Together, results indicate that HR can occur in G1 phase of the cell cycle if donor template is available for repair. Our findings suggest a competition between the HR and NHEJ repair machineries throughout interphase of the cell cycle, which could be a critical factor for the stability of mammalian genomes that are highly enriched with repeat sequences. Insights from these studies will help in understanding genomic instability disorders and to improve gene therapy approaches.
The Right to a Safe City for Women and Girls

Currently two billion women live in cities. Youth under 25 amount to three billion people. By 2050, 70 % of human beings will be city dwellers. Logically, therefore, city managers should focus on the young female. But the world often looks different from the viewpoint of a male urban planner or police chief than that of an adolescent girl. UNESCO and UN-Habitat propagate “a right to city” which includes participatory, integrated, and sustainable human settlement planning to ensure inclusive and sustainable urbanization. This means the provision of adequate, safe, and affordable housing and infrastructure, but more than that, access to good education, health, transport, human development, social and recreational services. But most importantly it provides urban safety—for the individual to go about her/his business without fear and risk of being assaulted. This is the major United Nations message of the Sustainable Development Goals (2016–2030). This chapter shows, how urban governance puts adolescent girls at the centre of transforming cities to become places of inclusion, tolerance, and opportunity for everyone. By bringing city officials and adolescent girls together, there is a real opportunity to create sustainable economic and social change within these societies that will benefit all.
Driving Needed Change in Pain Education.

Despite public health crises of prescription opioid abuse and inadequate treatment of pain, despite calls from blue-ribbon panels for better clinician training in pain and pain treatment, and despite earnest efforts by individual clinicians, professional societies, and educators, we have failed to provide high-quality pain management training for our nation’s health professionals [1,2]. The 2013 Institute of Medicine report on Pain in America stated, “Education is a central part of the necessary cultural transformation of the approach to pain,” and recommended improving the curriculum and education for health care professionals [1]. The 2016 National Pain Strategy from the US Department of Health and Human services concurred: “Most health care professions’ education programs devote little time to education and training about pain and pain care” [2]. Why have we not made more progress educating clinicians about pain when, ironically, pain is so prevalent in our population? I suggest two reasons for this failure—which, in turn, suggest two solutions. The first reason is bypassing the fundamental step of defining and implementing expected competencies in pain management that should result from clinical education. Extensive efforts over several decades to increase pain curricula have focused on the the content of education without attending to the important initial step of …
Social realism, suburban culture and ethnic diversity on French television : A case study of seconde B

L'A. porte son attention sur un sitcom produit et diffuse par la chaine de television France 2 en 1993 : «Seconde B». Il montre que les realisateurs de cette emission se sont efforces de mettre en scene les problemes sociaux, de promouvoir une certaine image de la banlieue et de la diversite raciale et religieuse de la France. Il montre de quelle maniere ces differents themes sont abordes et presenter
Structural and Mechanistic Differences in Mixed-Linker Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework Synthesis by Solvent Assisted Linker Exchange and de Novo Routes

Mixed-linker zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a subclass of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) amenable to significant property tuning by altering the functional groups on the imidazolate linkers. Solvent assisted linker exchange (SALE) and de novo synthesis of mixed-linker ZIFs have been demonstrated, but the differences in structural properties–most importantly the linker distributions–and synthesis mechanisms of these two different types of hybrid ZIFs are unknown. In this work, a combination of 1H NMR combined rotation and multiple pulse spectroscopy (CRAMPS), water adsorption, and nitrogen measurements reveal distinct differences in linker mixing between SALE and de novo ZIF-8–90 hybrids. Native-fluorescence confocal microscopy is shown to provide a direct means to visualize these differences. The effects of crystal size, temperature, and SALE duration were studied in detail, and a generalizable mechanism for SALE processes in ZIFs is proposed. The SALE process is found to follow a diffusion-l...
Retained vegetation density of streamside management zones and stringers in southern intensively managed pine forests

Abstract In the southern U.S. (hereafter, South), institutional forest owners engaged in forest certification programs often retain unharvested or less-intensively harvested vegetation when clearcut harvesting intensively managed pine ( Pinus spp.) forests (IMPFs). As a result, IMPF landscapes consist of regenerating forests and associated retained streamside management zones (SMZs), stringers (buffer strips along ephemeral streams), and other forest types and structural classes. Although studies in the South have documented plant and animal communities associated with SMZs, there is a lack of information about stringers. To improve understanding of the potential for stringers to contribute to biodiversity-related management objectives, we characterized stem density and vegetation cover in SMZs and stringers associated with 60 IMPF management units (MUs) in the South Central Plains ecoregion of Arkansas and Louisiana, USA. Snag and log density, midstory pine density, understory deciduous cover, and ground cover were not statistically different in stringers and SMZs; however, overstory (pine and deciduous) and midstory (deciduous) tree density was significantly lower in stringers than in SMZs, and understory pine density was significantly greater in stringers.
Beyond Truth and Falsehood: The Real Value of Knowing That p

Current epistemological dogma has it that the twin goalsof believing truths and avoiding errors exhaust our cognitive aspirations.On such a view, (call it the “TG view”) the only evaluationsthat count as genuinely epistemological are those that evaluatesomething (a belief, believer, set of beliefs, a cognitivetrait or process, etc.) in terms of its connection to thesetwo goods. In particular, this view implies that all theepistemic value of knowledge must be derived from thevalue of the two goals cited in TG. I argue thatthis implication is false, and thus that the TG view must be abandoned. I propose a candidate to replacethe TG view that makes better sense of the value ofknowledge.
Deformation response of AgCu interfaces investigated by in situ and ex situ TEM straining and MD simulations

Abstract The mechanisms of strain transfer across Ag/Cu interfaces were determined by a combination of in situ and ex situ TEM straining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Minimizing the magnitude of the Burgers vector of the residual dislocation generated in the interface was the dominant factor for determining the outcome of dislocation and deformation twin interactions with both non-coherent twin and cube-on-cube interfaces. This included the unexpected finding, due to the loading condition, of deformation twin activation in the Cu layer due to the intersection of deformation twins in Ag with the interface. Deformation twin nucleation in Ag from the non-coherent twin interfaces was also explained by a Burgers vector minimization argument.
The Nature of TAT Stories as Cognitive-Affective Products: A Psychoanalytic Approach

The first publication on the TAT was a paper by Christiana D. Morgan and Henry A. Murray, Jr. (1935) boldly entitled: “A Method for Investigating Fanta y.” It would be easy to cite many passages in that paper and in later publications (Murray et al,1938) where they used the terms interchangeably or spoke of “stories (fantasies).”1 Since then, many others have written about the TAT and related techniques, and have very frequently referred to them as methods of studying fantasy (Beier, Gorlow, & Stacey, 1951; Bell, 1948; Henry, 1956; Leary, 1956; Masserman & Balken, 1938; Symonds, 1949). I have just looked through the indices of the last ten years2 of the Psychological Abstracts under the heading, fantasy, and have been surprised to find that a great majority of the American references—except for psychoanalytic, clinical contributions—have been papers or books on the TAT and related thematic tests.
Melanoma cases demonstrate increased carrier frequency of phenylketonuria/hyperphenylalanemia mutations.

Identifying novel melanoma genetic risk factors informs screening and prevention efforts. Mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (the causative gene in phenylketonuria) lead to reduced pigmentation in untreated phenylketonuria patients, and reduced pigmentation is associated with greater melanoma risk. Therefore, we sought to characterize the relationship between phenylketonuria carrier status and melanoma risk. Using National Newborn Screening Reports, we determined the United States phenylketonuria/hyperphenylalanemia carrier frequency in Caucasians to be 1.76%. We examined three publically available melanoma datasets for germline mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene associated with classic phenylketonuria and/or hyperphenylalanemia. Mutations were identified in 29/814 melanoma patients, with a carrier frequency of 3.56%. There was a twofold enrichment (p-value = 3.4 × 10-5 ) compared to the Caucasian frequency of hyperphenylalanemia/phenylketonuria carriers. These data demonstrate a novel association between phenylalanine hydroxylase carrier status and melanoma risk. Further, functional investigation is warranted to determine the link between phenylalanine hydroxylase mutations and melanomagenesis.