cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sex Differences on Piaget's Water-Level Task: Spatial Ability Incognito:

Sherman's (1967) hypothesis that sex differences in performance on many cognitive tasks can be explained by sex differences in spatial ability was extended to explain sex differences in performance on Piaget's water-level task. The hypothesis was supported. The correlations between average errors on the water-level task and performance on the Primary Mental Abilities, Spatial Relations Test were –.83 for 12th-grade males, –.97 for 12th-grade females, –.65 for fifth-grade males, and –.42 for fifth-grade females. Statistically significant sex differences were found on both the spatial test and the water-level task for the 12th graders, while neither test showed significant sex differences for the fifth graders. An analysis of covariance of sex differences in 12th graders' scores on the water-level task, using spatial performance as a covariate, indicated that sex differences were not statistically significant, suggesting that no important sex differences remain on the water-level task once differences in sp...
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: The role of computed tomography

Computed tomography is believed to have a definite role in the evaluation of malignant pleural mesothelioma based on a review of computed tomography findings in 23 of our patients and previous reports. Twelve patients had a single computed tomography examination, and 11 had two or more studies. Computed tomography permits better appreciation of the extent of the tumor. This permits appropriate selection of therapy and may demonstrate that surgery or radiotherapy is not indicated. computed tomography often permits more accurate evaluation following chemotherapy and may be the only means by which to follow a patient after radical surgery. Computed tomography also has a role in differential diagnosis. It facilitates distinction of malignant pleural mesothelioma from rounded atelectasis, pleural changes of asbestosis, and pleural involvement with lymphoma and thymoma. It aids, but may not be diagnostic, in separating malignant pleural mesothelioma from metastases to the pleura.
Outside Influence: TLRs Direct Hematopoietic Cell Fates

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) modulate immune responses indirectly by promoting the efficacy of antigen presentation. In this issue of Immunity, Nagai et al. (2006) demonstrate that TLR signals also bias hematopoietic progenitor cells toward myelopoiesis directly by replacing cytokine and differentiative cues.
Facile production of higher hydrocarbons from ethane in a catalytic supersonic nozzle

Abstract Flowing ethane, typically at 80 Torr, 1000°C, and 10 ms contact time, through a supersonic nozzle made of nickel or molybdenum converts roughly 40% to higher hydrocarbons. In the mass spectra of the products, CnHm, the most prominent peaks contain even numbers of carbon atoms (n = 4, …, 12), but there are also substantial peaks with odd carbon atom numbers (n = 3, …, 11). The largest peaks have m ≈ n hydrogen atoms, but many others also appear. For n = 6 the mass spectrum indicates benzene is probably the sole product, with yield up to 15%. Under the same conditions methane does not form higher hydrocarbons.
Active and latent ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) infection in a herd of captive white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus).

Summary Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is the clinical manifestation of infection of certain ruminant species with one of a group of pathogenic gammaherpesviruses known as MCF viruses. Cattle and numerous exotic ruminant species are susceptible to clinical disease that may be sporadic or occasionally epidemic in nature. The most common MCF virus worldwide is ovine herpesvirus (OvHV)-2. Reservoir hosts such as sheep, carry and excrete OvHV-2, but do not develop clinical signs, while clinically susceptible species develop severe and often fatal disease. The existence of latent infection in clinically susceptible hosts is poorly understood, but is documented in some ruminant species. Twenty-six animals from a captive herd of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) died and were examined from October 2006 to December 2010. Fifteen of these animals (58%) showed clinical signs and gross and microscopical lesions consistent with MCF, while 11 (42%) did not. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification yielded product consistent with OvHV-2 DNA in samples of spleen from all 26 deer. To examine the possibility of latent infection in this herd, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined by PCR for OvHV-2 DNA, and the test was positive in 23/32 (72%) clinically normal deer. Archived serum samples were used to examine the history of MCF exposure in the herd using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which demonstrated that 10/40 (25%) deer tested had MCF viral antibodies, with nine deer being seropositive over multiple years. Combined with previous observations in deer and other species, these results suggest the existence of latent infection of white-tailed deer with OvHV-2.
Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of aminopyrimidine series of 5-HT1A partial agonists

Aminopyrimidine 2 (4-(1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)piperidin-3-yl)-N-cyclopropylpyrimidin-2-amine) emerged from a high throughput screen as a novel 5-HT(1A) agonist. This compound showed moderate potency for 5-HT(1A) in binding and functional assays, as well as moderate metabolic stability. Implementation of a strategy for improving metabolic stability by lowering the lipophilicity (cLogD) led to identification of methyl ether 31 (4-(1-(2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)piperidin-3-yl)-N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyrimidin-2-amine) as a substantially improved compound within the series.
Assessment of the ability to process semantic and phonological aspects of words in aphasia: A multi‐measurement approach

Background: Aphasia can disrupt processing of semantic and/or phonological aspects of words and each of these domains involves multiple operations. Adequate assessment of word processing requires multiple measurements probing in each domain. This research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute (DC 00191‐21, PI: Myrna Schwartz) and to Temple University (DC01924‐11, PI: Nadine Martin). We thank Paula Sobel, Adelyn Brecher, Joe Marin, Jennifer Ayala, Kelly Bowes, Stephanie Tempest, and Lianne DiMarco for their help in collecting and organising the data reported here. We are especially grateful to the people who participated in these studies, and we thank them for their interest and support. Aims: This paper aims to facilitate accurate and comprehensive testing of the multiple operations involved in semantic and phonological processing of spoken words. Methods & Procedures: Normative data (means and standard deviations) from aphasic samples on ...
The Emergence and Possible Futures of Response to Intervention.

Response to intervention (RTI) has emerged as a promising, but possibly vulnerable, alter native to the current model of identification and eligibility assessment in special education. Nested within a simple and compelling struc ture for RTI are many questions and chal lenges that make its future as "policy" at-risk unless these issues can be satisfactorily resolved. As it stands, RTI is likely to improve many decisions about educational interven tions, especially when combined with universal screening procedures. In a full RTI implemen tation, potential benefits may include (a) increased achievement schoolwide, because struggling children are identified proactively and immediate help is provided to determine whether or not more intensive help is needed, as well as (b) a coherent and flexible system of services. Whereas many of the components of RTI are well established, RTI needs further operationalization, development, standardiza tion, and field-testing. All first- and second- grade children (N = 182 c...
Real-time monitoring of iron-core and copper losses of transformers Under(Non)Sinusoidal operation

The online monitoring of iron-core and copper losses of single- and three-phase transformers is important, particularly for transformers feeding nonlinear loads. This paper devises a new digital data acquisition method for the separate online measurement of iron-core and copper losses of three-phase transformers under any full or partial-load conditions. The accuracy requirements of the instruments (voltage and current sensors, voltmeters, and ammeters) employed are addressed. The measurement uncertainties are acceptably low if voltage and current sensors with 0.1%-0.5% accuracy are used.
On the Ethics of Clinical Whole Genome Sequencing of Children

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics ACMG — : American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics MCW — : Medical College of Wisconsin WES — : whole exome sequencing WGS — : whole genome sequencing In 2009, scientists here at the Medical College of Wisconsin (MCW) demonstrated the ability to apply whole exome sequencing (WES) to diagnose a pediatric patient with a rare digestive disease. WES enables the evaluation of the known protein coding DNA sequence of an individual. For the MCW patient, WES provided confirmation of an immune disorder,* thereby warranting treatment with a cord blood transplant: a treatment that saved his life but would not have been undertaken without that confirmation.1 This groundbreaking story was prominently featured in a series of Pulitzer Prize–winning stories in the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel , scholarly publications, and a segment of the PBS television program Nova . As predicted by Francis Collins,2 success of WES in cases like this has spurred interest in further application of this diagnostic tool. MCW has now expanded its program to include whole genome sequencing (WGS) and has since received requests from around the world to perform WGS. Additionally, in partnership with Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin, a pilot program of clinical WGS has recently been completed. As with most new technologies, WGS has sparked controversy concerning whether its clinical application should move forward or if this technology should be confined to the research domain until specific clinical policies are established. Here, we articulate reasons to continue moving forward with clinical WGS. Until recently, the consensus approach to genetic testing and screening in general has reflected cautious limitations on the use of genetic testing on children. … Address correspondence to Thomas May, PhD, Ursula Von der Ruhr Professor of Bioethics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226. E-mail: tmay{at}mcw.edu
Towards OpenMP Execution on Software Distributed Shared Memory Systems

In this paper, we examine some of the challenges present in providing support for OpenMP applications on a Software Distributed Shared Memory(DSM) based cluster system. We present detailed measurements of the performance characteristics of realistic OpenMP applications from the SPEC OMP2001 benchmarks. Based on these measurements, we discuss application and system characteristics that impede the efficient execution of these programs on a Software DSM system. We point out pitfalls of a naive translation approach from OpenMP into the API provided by a Software DSM system, and we discuss a set of possible program optimization techniques.
Renal Vascular Abnormalities

Traditionally the evaluation of renal vascular abnormalities was performed with conventional angiography. Cross-sectional imaging now plays an important and increasing role in evaluating renal vascular abnormalities in both the native and transplant kidneys. Normal anatomy and disease processes will be reviewed, emphasizing the various strengths and weaknesses of ultrasound, computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).
The Kinetics of Gamma‐Ray Induced Coloring of Glass

When glasses are colored by ionizing radiation the induced optical absorption increases as the radiation progresses and appears to be due to the superposition of a number of individual absorption bands. A detailed study of this process has been made using a specimen of Corning boro-silicate glass colored by exposure to 60Co gamma rays. This particular sample was chosen because only four bands are formed. If it is assumed that each band is Gaussian shaped the spectrum may be separated into four absorption bands. The peak energy E0 and full width U of these bands are, in electron volts: E0= 4.85, U= 1.19; E0= 3.95, U= 1.30; Eo= 2.58, U= 0.58; E0= 2.02, U= 0.52. For each band growth curves may be constructed showing how the density of absorption centers increases as a function of dose. These growth curves have been fitted with theoretical curves based on the following considerations: the radiation field creates ionization electrons in the glass; for each ionization electron one electron deficient region or hole is formed; absorption bands observed are due to centers formed by electron trapping although the possibility that some of the bands are due to hole trapping is not ruled out; and competition for ionization electrons exists between holes and the various kinds of electron traps. Satisfactory agreement between the observed and calculated curves is obtained. The theory indicates that the “radiation protection” imparted to glass by materials such as CeO2 may arise in several different ways and that it would be possible to decide between them from rather simple experiments.
Ceramic and Dielectric Properties of Lead Metaniobate Electrical Ceramics

The effect of firing temperature and time on the weight loss, fired porosity, and dielectric properties of lead metaniobate was investigated. The amount of lead oxide lost was found to be a linear function of firing time and in addition increased rapidly as the firing temperature was increased. Specimens fired for 30 minutes at temperatures below 1275°C. had weight losses of less than 1% based on the amount of available PbO present, whereas specimens fired for the same length of time at temperatures greater than 1275°C. had weight losses up to 3.5%. Both a minimum and a maximum point were found in the fired porosity curve of lead metaniobate in the temperature range 1200° to 1350°C. When firing for 30 minutes, the minimum point occurred at about 1225°C. with a porosity value of 8% and the maximum point at 1300°C. with a porosity of 18%. The effect of porosity and weight loss on the dielectric properties of lead metaniobate is presented. The effect of replacing up to 0.7 mole fraction of the lead ion in lead metaniobate by cadmium was investigated. Cadmium additions lowered the Curie temperature and diluted the ferroelectric properties of lead metaniobate.
Molybdate affects glucocorticoid receptor chromatography on DEAE cellulose.

AbstractHow molybdate affects the chromatographic behavior of the glucocorticoid receptor on DEAE cellulose was investigated. Over the range 0–20 mM, molybdate caused a progressive change in the elution positions of both the transformed and untransformed receptor. At 20 mM molybdate, the transformed receptor eluted from the column before application of the KC1 gradient. These changes were not due to an increase in conductivity of the buffer caused by molybdate; the conductivity at the peaks of elution were changed. Control studies with bovine serum albumen showed a similar effect by molybdate. Molybdate thus changes the chromatographic elution profiles of proteins. Failure to appreciate this fact can lead to errors in assessing the proportion of transformed and untransformed receptors in an extract.
The Membrane Form of Tumor Necrosis Factor Is Sufficient to Mediate Partial Innate Immunity to Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain

Here we characterize Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) infection in total tumor necrosis factor (TNF) knockout (KO) mice and in transgenic mice expressing only the membrane form of TNF (memTNF). MemTNF mice, but not TNF KO mice, survived low-dose, sublethal LVS infections. Splenic nitric oxide production was impaired in infected memTNF mice and was absent in infected TNF KO mice. Spleen cell production of interferon-gamma, RANTES, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 was elevated in TNF KO mice, compared with that in WT mice, by days 4-5 after infection, along with transiently increased numbers of CCR2(+) cells, whereas memTNF mice had an intermediate phenotype. By day 6 after infection, TNF KO mice, but not memTNF mice, exhibited massive apoptosis in spleens and livers, which shortly preceded their death. Thus, memTNF partially functions to regulate chemokine expression, cell recruitment, and nitric oxide production during primary LVS infection and protects against the induction of apoptosis observed in TNF KO mice.
Treatment of acute metabolic acidosis: a pathophysiologic approach

Acute metabolic acidosis is common in seriously ill patients, and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Rapid recognition of this acid–base disorder and provision of effective therapy are, therefore, essential. This Review summarizes current approaches to the treatment of acute metabolic acidosis, highlights the evidence for and against base therapy, and discusses the potential benefits of newer targeted therapies. Acute metabolic acidosis is associated with increased morbidity and mortality because of its depressive effects on cardiovascular function, facilitation of cardiac arrhythmias, stimulation of inflammation, suppression of the immune response, and other adverse effects. Appropriate evaluation of acute metabolic acidosis includes assessment of acid–base parameters, including pH, partial pressure of CO2 and HCO3− concentration in arterial blood in stable patients, and also in central venous blood in patients with impaired tissue perfusion. Calculation of the serum anion gap and the change from baseline enables the physician to detect organic acidoses, a common cause of severe metabolic acidosis, and aids therapeutic decisions. A fall in extracellular and intracellular pH can affect cellular function via different mechanisms and treatment should be directed at improving both parameters. In addition to supportive measures, treatment has included administration of base, primarily in the form of sodium bicarbonate. However, in clinical studies of lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis, bicarbonate administration has not reduced morbidity or mortality, or improved cellular function. Potential explanations for this failure include exacerbation of intracellular acidosis, reduction in ionized Ca2+, and production of hyperosmolality. Administration of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) improves acidosis without producing intracellular acidosis and its value as a form of base is worth further investigation. Selective sodium–hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1) inhibitors have been shown to improve haemodynamics and reduce mortality in animal studies of acute lactic acidosis and should also be examined further. Given the important effects of acute metabolic acidosis on clinical outcomes, more intensive study of the pathogenesis of the associated cellular dysfunction and novel methods of treatment is indicated.
Stabilization Of Bipolaronic States In Ladder Polymer Models: Implications For Polymers Having Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Properties

The chemistry and physics of highly delocalized electroactive polymers has been an area of great interest over the past decade, but it has recently become apparent that the unique nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of these polymers may be their most important characteristic. Ladder polymers have excellent thermal and chemical stability, and have recently been shown to exhibit high third order nonlinear properties. In this study we would like to report how bipolaronic states can be induced in model ladder structures related to PTL and POL systems, and how these results might indicate future polymer design criteria to control and maximize third order NLO behavior and absorption characteristics.
Bringing Banking to the Poor or the Poor Back to Banking

The Commercialization of Microfinance: Balancing Business and Development. Edited by Deborah Drake, Elisabeth Rhyne. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press, 2002. 336 pp., $65.00 cloth (ISBN: 1-56549-154-8), $29.95 paperback (ISBN: 1-56549-153-X). The Commercialization of Microfinance , edited by Deborah Drake and Elisabeth Rhyne, is primarily aimed at practitioners and researchers who focus narrowly on the topic of microfinance. As a result, even Drake and Rhyne may not fully appreciate the theoretical insights and implications that this book holds for students of international and comparative politics. The key issue addressed by the volume is the commercialization of the microfinance industry in developing countries. Indeed, the book reverberates with the ongoing debates over the value of market-based approaches for encouraging private sector involvement in social development and over the adoption of market-based development strategies by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) (Fowler 1997). Despite this seemingly narrow focus, however, the book's rich empirical evidence details a very significant institutional change in financial infrastructures that is presently sweeping the countries that are experimenting with microfinance. Moreover, the volume explores several theoretically important themes: the malleability of the institutional forms taken by nongovernmental organizations; the rise of public–private partnerships as institutional governance arrangements in the developing world; the nature of statehood and the developmental role of the state in emerging democracies; transnational influences on domestic politics; and the global diffusion of public policy preferences and norms. The volume was written against the backdrop of persisting debates over the necessity, desirability, and feasibility of introducing and strengthening the profit motive within the microfinance industry. This issue has been so contentious because microfinance was originally conceived as a development tool for eradicating poverty that would be unavoidably dependent on ongoing subsidies. The proponents of commercialization, including the contributors to this volume, highlight several benefits that commercialization accrues. Particularly in light of the fluctuating commitments of short-term donors, these benefits include an increase in the financial sustainability of microcredit organizations, a more dependable supply of credit for the poor, and a …
Dependence of relativistic backward wave oscillator properties on effective beam gamma

The operation of a backward wave oscillator (BWO) is shown to be critically dependent on the energy of the slow space-charge wave of the electron beam. Experimental work parameterizing the dependence of microwave frequency on effective beam energy, gamma /sub beam/, reveals that through an understanding of electron-beam dynamics, a BWO could be systematically tuned through a desired frequency range while maintaining a high power of a few hundred megawatts and narrow frequency bandwidth, which was 400 MHz. Through variation of gamma /sub beam/, 1.2 to 1.5 for the experiment, the lack of scaling of peak microwave power with the kinetic energy of the electron beam for gamma /sub beam/ >1.32 was observed. This effect was previously found in numerical simulation. In order to explain this effect, the relationship of the beam current to the space-charge-limiting current for increasing gamma /sub beam/ is examined. Dramatic evidence of pulse shortening, a phenomenon known to relativistic oscillators, was also seen. >
Online parameter estimation of round rotor synchronous generators including magnetic saturation

Round rotor synchronous generator parameters are identified from online data measured at the terminals of the machine. Parameter estimation results from two generators are presented. Data sets at different operating points are considered to examine the consistency of the proposed method at varying operating conditions. A magnetic saturation model is implemented in the estimation procedure to account for the effect of saturation on generator inductances. Inclusion of saturation in the machine model is found to improve the estimation results. Noise filtering and bad data detection and rejection techniques are employed to increase the reliability of the estimates. An observer is used to estimate the damper winding currents that are otherwise unknown. The estimated parameters are compared to available manufacturer data and the accuracy of the method is assessed.
A Retrospective Review of Blood Transfusions in Cancer Patients with Anemia

Background: The factors contributing to blood transfusions in patients with anemia of chronic disease are not well documented in the literature. We analyzed all blood transfusion events within a single oncology practice to determine if certain chemotherapy drugs, cancer types, or other factors necessitated more frequent transfusions. Patients and Methods: Out of 331 patients receiving chemotherapy, 103 (31%) patients received a blood transfusion in 1995. Each of these charts was reviewed and sorted by diagnosis, treatment medications, and past transfusion and/or treatment history. Hemoglobin levels were obtained for each transfusion received in 1995. Results: The average hemoglobin at time of transfusion was 7.9 g/dl. Higher hemoglobin levels at transfusion were observed for patients over the age of 60 and patients who received prior chemotherapy. Lower hemoglobin levels at transfusion were observed for patients receiving Epoetin Alfa and sarcoma patients. The average number of red blood cell (RBC) units transfused in 1995 was 5.1 per patient. More units were given to patients receiving etoposide, while fewer units were given to those receiving ifosfamide. We created a transfusion severity index (TSI) to jointly measure these two variables. Conclusion: The results of this study identify transfusion needs associated with certain groups of cancer patients and with certain types of chemotherapy drugs. The Oncologist 1999;4:318-324.
A flexible framework for recognizing events, temporal expressions, and temporal relations in clinical text.

Objective To provide a natural language processing method for the automatic recognition of events, temporal expressions, and temporal relations in clinical records. Materials and Methods A combination of supervised, unsupervised, and rule-based methods were used. Supervised methods include conditional random fields and support vector machines. A flexible automated feature selection technique was used to select the best subset of features for each supervised task. Unsupervised methods include Brown clustering on several corpora, which result in our method being considered semisupervised. Results On the 2012 Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) shared task data, we achieved an overall event F1-measure of 0.8045, an overall temporal expression F1-measure of 0.6154, an overall temporal link detection F1-measure of 0.5594, and an end-to-end temporal link detection F1-measure of 0.5258. The most competitive system was our event recognition method, which ranked third out of the 14 participants in the event task. Discussion Analysis reveals the event recognition method has difficulty determining which modifiers to include/exclude in the event span. The temporal expression recognition method requires significantly more normalization rules, although many of these rules apply only to a small number of cases. Finally, the temporal relation recognition method requires more advanced medical knowledge and could be improved by separating the single discourse relation classifier into multiple, more targeted component classifiers. Conclusions Recognizing events and temporal expressions can be achieved accurately by combining supervised and unsupervised methods, even when only minimal medical knowledge is available. Temporal normalization and temporal relation recognition, however, are far more dependent on the modeling of medical knowledge.
Tribes and States: A New Era in Intergovernmental Affairs

The history of tribal-state conflict and the role of the federal government is nearly two centuries old. In recent years, the most contentious source of conflict between American Indian tribes and states has been Indian gaming. The Congress attempted to compromise and resolve the issue by passing the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) in 1988, but the law has only exacerbated and opened up new avenues of conflict. The scope and stakes of Indian gaming can be seen in the history of Indian gaming in New Mexico where the defects in IGRA have been readily apparent. As Indian gaming has grown, so have efforts to curtail it and other aspects of tribal sovereignty, including tribal sovereign immunity. These efforts are currently underway in the Congress. Intergovernmental relations involve relationships of power between and among sovereigns. The study of federalism and intergovernmental relations has traditionally focused on the power relationships between the federal and state governments and between state and local governments. There is, however, another set of power relationships existing in American federalism often overlooked by scholars, if not by practitioners. More than 300 federally recognized American Indian tribes in the lower 48 states exercise government powers that increasingly put them in positions of conflict and cooperation with state governments. Overall, the history of tribal-state relations has tended to be one of conflict rather than partnership. Daniel McCool has noted, "One of the most divisive intergovernmental conflicts in the history of the United States has occurred between state governments and Indian tribes."' Others have written: One of the clearest and most persistent themes involving Indian sovereignty has been the continuous struggle by the states to assert greater control over Indian reservations, either at the expense of the federal or tribal governments. The pace of the struggle, the form that it takes, and the forum in which the struggle occurs have changed over time.2
Optimum Design of Framed Structures

A general procedure for the optimum design of framed structures of a prescribed geometrical configuration is presented. Statically determinate and indeterminate structures subjected to multiple loading conditions can be designed to satisfy limitations on both stresses and displacements at all points in the system. Linear behavior constraints on stresses and displacements are developed by effecting local changes in the design parameters and determining the resulting stress and displacement redistributions. Solution of the resulting linear programming problem is carried out iteratively on a digital computer by solving the corresponding dual programming problem. Appropriate stress and displacement constraints for truss, continuous beam, and rigid frame structures are derived and presented.
Battleships of the Bismarck Class

This is not a new book. Originally published in Germany in 1990 as part of a series on the technical features of Kriegsmarine capital ships, it was brought out in English in a hardback translation ...
Susceptibility of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae To Microbial Agent-Chemical Pesticide Mixtures on Cotton Foliage

Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki Berliner and Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) formulations Dipel and Elcar, respectively, were tested in spray mixtures with several chemical pesticides: benomyl, chlorothalonil, fentin hydroxide, and thiabendazole (fungicides); methoprene and diflubenzuron (insect growth regulators); cyhexatin (acaricide); and chlordimeform (insecticide-acaricide) on cotton foliage. Foliage from treated plants was fed to first- and third-stage Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae. First-stage larval mortality response from microbial agent-chemical pesticide mixtures varied from synergistic to antagonistic. B. thuringiensis with either acaricide, chlordimeform or cyhexatin, and Heliothis NPV-chlordimeform produced the highest mortality above the expected levels. Mixtures of either microbial agent with chlorothalonil and diflubenzuron-B. thuringiensis resulted in significantly less mortality than the expected levels. No synergism was observed when third-stage larvae were exposed to the mixtures. B. thuringiensis-fentin hydroxide or diflubenzuron and Heliothis NPV-fentin hydroxide mixtures were antagonistic. B. thuringiensis -chlorothalonil was also antagonistic when mortality was recorded at pupation.
The Emphasis of the Paradigm of Materialism in the Study of "Transformation" in International Relations Theories

Most of the existing international relations theories can hardly provide an explanation for the international transformation by material elements.In fact,most theories applicable to international transformation derive from ideas.Based on foundational paradigms of social sciences,we can see that the paradigm of materialism is often associated with the conflict paradigm and static or cyclic theories,while the paradigm of ideationalism and socialization are always related to the harmony paradigm and other theories which can illustrate transformation.However,there also exist some flaws when explaining the transformation of international relations on the basis of ideas. Sometimes material elements are necessary,yet we need to view these elements in a proper perspective in order to account for the transformation.This is an inspiration for the development of China's relations with other countries across the globe.
Keys to Improving Your Listening Skills

The article explains the importance of listening in patient care and offers tips to help physicians improve their skills in this area.
Efficacy of transrectal ultrasound for identification of clinically undetected prostate cancer

AbstractA total of 51 patients underwent transrectal ultrasound of the prostate before radical cystopros-tatectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Each had a normal prostate by digital rectal examination, no history of prostatic adenocarcinoma and no invasion of the prostate by transitional cell carcinoma. Real-time and step-sectioned ultrasound images were interpreted at the time of sonography and results were compared to pathological examination of the step-sectioned prostate specimen. When adenocarcinoma was identified in the specimen, cancer volume was determined. Positive ultrasound scans consisted of those exhibiting hypoechoic lesions. Hypoechogenicity due to transurethral resection defects, benign hyperplasia, vascular structures or shadowing from calcifications was not considered positive. Of 51 patients 27 (52.9%) exhibited no abnormality on ultrasound and were free of cancer in the prostate specimen, while 8 (15.7%) demonstrated a hypoechoic lesion that was proved to be prostate...
"Someday This Pain Will Be Useful to You": Self-Disclosure and Lesbian and Gay Identity in the ESL Writing Classroom.

A lesbian teacher, recently returned from four years in Japan and teaching an intermediate ESL class in a public community college in New York City, struggles with addressing the issue of her own sexual orientation while using a novel with a protagonist who is questioning his sexual identity. The evolution of gay/lesbian and/or queer theory mirrors the progress of the writer’s life as she confronts her own internalized homophobia and the heteronormativity of her culture.
Automatic vertebral bodies detection of x-ray images using invariant multiscale template matching

Lower back pain and pathologies related to it are one of the most common results for a referral to a neurosurgical clinic in the developed and the developing world. Quantitative evaluation of these pathologies is a challenge. Image based measurements of angles/vertebral heights and disks could provide a potential quantitative biomarker for tracking and measuring these pathologies. Detection of vertebral bodies is a key element and is the focus of the current work. From the variety of medical imaging techniques, MRI and CT scans have been typically used for developing image segmentation methods. However, CT scans are known to give a large dose of x-rays, increasing cancer risk [8]. MRI can be substituted for CTs when the risk is high [8] but are difficult to obtain in smaller facilities due to cost and lack of expertise in the field [2]. X-rays provide another option with its ability to control the x-ray dosage, especially for young people, and its accessibility for smaller facilities. Hence, the ability to create quantitative biomarkers from x-ray data is especially valuable. Here, we develop a multiscale template matching, inspired by [9], to detect centers of vertebral bodies from x-ray data. The immediate application of such detection lies in developing quantitative biomarkers and in querying similar images in a database. Previously, shape similarity classification methods have been used to address this problem, but these are challenging to use in the presence of variation due to gross pathology and even subtle effects [1].
No Place for a Feminist: Intersectionality and the Problem South: SWS Presidential Address:

Perceptions of the American South as being no place for a feminist continue to affect and inform decisions about research and activism in the region. By taking a closer look at Memphis and the American South, and by questioning longstanding assumptions, stereotypes, and omissions about the region, we create additional opportunities for further discussion about the complexities of feminism, intersectionality, and place. I challenge two common assumptions about the South. The first is the assumption that southern feminists are rare, or nonexistent, and have had little influence on developing feminist perspectives or pursuing social activism as local initiatives. The second assumption involves the concept of the Problem South and the propensity of scholars, journalists, and activists to fall back on old ideas about southern exceptionalism, and to emphasize continuities between the Old South and New South while minimizing discontinuities. In challenging these assumptions, I review the significance of intersec...
Abstract 508: Prolonged Thrombus Resolution Leading to Abnormal Collagen Fibrillogenesis and Angiogenesis in Injured Arteries of Type III Collagen-Deficient Mice: a Paradoxical Mechanism for ‘Tissue Fragility’ in Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome and Spontaneous Cervical Artery Dissection

Patients with COL3A1 mutations that impede secretion of type III collagen into matrix develop wounds that heal poorly following cutaneous injury. They are also predisposed to vascular complications like catastrophic rupture or dissection of cervical arteries and stroke. We sought to determine if low production of type III collagen would also interrupt arterial thrombus resolution, a process resembling wound healing, and whether defects contribute to risk of dissection. We injured cervical elastic arteries in mice by ligation of the left common carotid, halting proximal blood flow. Strikingly, injured arteries from Col3a1 +/- mice develop thrombi over three weeks that resist resolution more often than those in wild-type littermates ( p =.002). The unresolved thrombi in Col3a1 +/- arteries also retain a higher burden of macrophages ( p =.043) and proliferative α-actin-positive cells ( p =.034), while mutant arteries display vascular channels within the media ( p =.015) that are partially lined with endothelial cells, consistent with residual neoangiogenesis. At two weeks, burdens of macrophages ( p =.009), proliferative cells ( p =.028), and vascular channels ( p =.019) are also higher in Col3a1 +/- arteries, despite actively resolving thrombi of equal length between the two groups ( p =.338), suggesting that neoangiogenesis results specifically from lower Col3a1 dose. Treating injured mice with rapamycin halts thrombus resolution in the early inflammatory phase of both genotypes and normalizes the incidence of vascular channels in Col3a1 +/- arteries at three weeks ( p =1.00), suggesting that vascular channels result secondary to thrombus resolution and not from structural weakness in type III collagen deficient arteries. Patient-derived COL3A1 mutant myofibroblasts in 3D culture models of fibrin remodeling accumulate less extracellular type I collagen following TGFβ1 stimulation but persistently upregulate expression of Acta2 , relative to control cells whose Acta2 expression levels peak and subside as collagen accumulates by seven days. These data implicate dysregulated thrombus remodeling in response to injury that increases the risk for medial neoangiogenesis, which may also increase the risk for dissection in affected arteries after injury.
Farnesoid X receptor induces Takeda G-protein receptor 5 cross-talk to regulate bile acid synthesis and hepatic metabolism.

The bile acid-activated receptors, nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the membrane Takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5), are known to improve glucose and insulin sensitivity in obese and diabetic mice. However, the metabolic roles of these two receptors and the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the effects of the dual FXR and TGR5 agonist INT-767 on hepatic bile acid synthesis and intestinal secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in wild-type, Fxr−/−, and Tgr5−/− mice. INT-767 efficaciously stimulated intracellular Ca2+ levels, cAMP activity, and GLP-1 secretion and improved glucose and lipid metabolism more than did the FXR-selective obeticholic acid and TGR5-selective INT-777 agonists. Interestingly, INT-767 reduced expression of the genes in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway but induced those in the alternative pathway, which is consistent with decreased taurocholic acid and increased tauromuricholic acids in bile. Furthermore, FXR activation induced expression of FXR target genes, including fibroblast growth factor 15, and unexpectedly Tgr5 and prohormone convertase 1/3 gene expression in the ileum. We identified an FXR-responsive element on the Tgr5 gene promoter. Fxr−/− and Tgr5−/− mice exhibited reduced GLP-1 secretion, which was stimulated by INT-767 in the Tgr5−/− mice but not in the Fxr−/− mice. Our findings uncovered a novel mechanism in which INT-767 activation of FXR induces Tgr5 gene expression and increases Ca2+ levels and cAMP activity to stimulate GLP-1 secretion and improve hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Activation of both FXR and TGR5 may therefore represent an effective therapy for managing hepatic steatosis, obesity, and diabetes.
12.15 – Organometallic Clusters

This chapter concerns applications of “organometallic clusters” in the period 1993 to mid-2005. These applications include homogeneous catalysis, precursors for or models of heterogeneous metal catalysts, nanoparticle precursors, biomedical imaging, and optical materials. One definition of a metal cluster is “a molecular compound containing three or more metals in a closed array, and held together by metal–metal bonds.” This definition focused on the importance of the metal–metal interactions, and the unique structural features presented by closed metal arrays. However, this definition has been considerably broadened by common usage. Compounds containing only two metal atoms, compounds containing several metal atoms held together by bridging ligands and without metal–metal bonds, or even small metal particles are commonly referred to as “metal clusters.” Through the years 1970–1990, most applications of organometallic clusters concerned catalysis, either as homogeneous catalysts or as precursors for heterogeneous catalysts. Since these two applications have been extensively reviewed and since homogeneous catalysis is treated elsewhere, the stricter definition of a metal cluster was used: a metal cluster is a molecular compound of three or more metal atoms in a closed array and having a substantial metal–metal interaction. More recently, clusters have been examined as precursors for nanoscale materials, as biomedical imaging agents, and as optical materials. For these newer applications, the broadest definition of a metal cluster has been used, including compounds containing several metal atoms held together by bridging ligands and without metal–metal bonds, or even small metal particles if the particles are stabilized by a ligand shell rather than a heterogeneous support.
Performance of W/MnO2 as an Environmentally Friendly Energetic Time Delay Composition

Current fielded delay formulations face increased scrutiny due to their environmentally hazardous components (i.e., BaCrO4/KClO4), and there is an immediate need for viable replacements. In this work, the W/MnO2 composition is explored as an environmentally benign time delay replacement. Delay performance and aging characteristics are examined at diameters (6.35 and 4.7 mm) similar to those of common delay housings. Measured maximum combustion temperatures ranged from 1466 to 1670 K as a function of mixture stoichiometry. The measured combustion velocities ranged from 0.67 to 1.68 mm/s for 6.35 mm open air pellets, and from 1.62 to 4.61 mm/s when combusted in 6.35 and 4.7 mm ID Al/SS housings. When packing density was increased and decreased from the standard 60% theoretical maximum density, combustion velocity decreased. For all W/MnO2 formulations, the maximum measured gas production was 9.1 mL/g. Accelerated aging was performed for 8 weeks, and negligible changes in combustion characteristics were obse...
Read Two Impress and the Neurological Impress Method: Effects on Elementary Students' Reading Fluency, Comprehension, and Attitude.

This seven-week study examined the effects of the Neurological Impress Method and Read Two Impress on reading comprehension, fluency, and students’ attitude toward reading. The 57 first-, second-, ...
Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy for liver metastases following systemic chemotherapy and surgical resection for metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with generally poor outcomes and limited treatment options. While surgical resection can be curative for early local disease, most patients present with advanced ACC owing to nonspecific symptoms. For those patients, treatment options include systemic chemotherapy and locoregional therapies including radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization. We present the first reported case of utilizing yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in combination with first line EDP-M (Etoposide, Doxorubicin, Cisplatin, Mitotane) chemotherapy and debulking surgical primary tumor resection for treatment of metastatic ACC. Stable complete radiologic response has been maintained after twelve months with resolution of clinical symptoms. These findings prompt the need for further consideration and studies to elucidate the role of SIRT in combination with systemic and surgical treatment for metastatic ACC.