cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equatorial Segment Protein Defines a Discrete Acrosomal Subcompartment Persisting Throughout Acrosomal Biogenesis

The equatorial segment of the acrosome underlies the domain of the sperm that fuses with the egg membrane during fertilization. Equatorial segment protein (ESP), a novel 349-amino acid concanavalin-A-binding protein encoded by a two-exon gene (SP-ESP) located on chromosome 15 at q22, has been localized to the equatorial segment of ejaculated human sperm. Light microscopic immunofluorescent observations revealed that during acrosome biogenesis ESP first appears in the nascent acrosomal vesicle in early round spermatids and subsequently segregates to the periphery of the expanding acrosomal vesicle, thereby defining a peripheral equatorial segment compartment within flattened acrosomal vesicles and in the acrosomes of early and late cap phase, elongating, and mature spermatids. Electron microscopic examination revealed that ESP segregates to an electron-lucent subdomain of the condensing acrosomal matrix in Golgi phase round spermatids and persists in a similar electron-lucent subdomain within cap phase spermatids. Subsequently, ESP was localized to electron-dense regions of the equatorial segment and the expanded equatorial bulb in elongating spermatids and mature sperm. ESP is the earliest known protein to be recognized as a marker for the specification of the equatorial segment, and it allows this region to be traced through all phases of acrosomal biogenesis. Based on these observations, we propose a new model of acrosome biogenesis in which the equatorial segment is defined as a discrete domain within the acrosomal vesicle as early as the Golgi phase of acrosome biogenesis.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous cecostomy/colostomy for treatment of large bowel obstruction in adults with cancer

Abstract Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of image-guided percutaneous cecostomy/colostomy (PC) in the management of colonic obstruction in patients with cancer. Materials and Methods Twenty-seven consecutive patients underwent image-guided PC to relieve large bowel obstruction at a single institution between 2000 and 2012. Colonic obstruction was the common indication. Patient demographics, diagnosis, procedural details, and outcomes including maximum colonic distension (MCD; ie, greatest transverse measurement of the colon on radiograph or scout computed tomography image) were recorded and retrospectively analyzed. Results Following PC, no patient experienced colonic perforation; pain was relieved in 24 of 27 patients (89%). Catheters with tip position in luminal gas rather than mixed stool/gas or stool were associated with greater decrease in MCD (−40%, −12%, and −16%, respectively), with the difference reaching statistical significance ( P = .002 and P = .013, respectively). Catheter size was not associated with change in MCD ( P = .978). Catheters were successfully removed from six of nine patients (67%) with functional obstructions and two of 18 patients (11%) with mechanical obstructions. One patient underwent endoscopic stent placement after catheter removal. Three patients required diverting colostomy after PC, and their catheters were removed at the time of surgery. One major complication (3.7%; subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and sepsis) occurred 8 days after PC and was successfully treated with cecostomy exchange, soft-tissue drainage, and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Conclusions Image-guided PC is safe and effective for management of functional and mechanical bowel obstruction in patients with cancer. For optimal efficacy, catheters should terminate within luminal gas.
Suppression of alternans and conduction blocks despite steep APD restitution: electrotonic, memory, and conduction velocity restitution effects.

We examine the utility of the action potential (AP) duration (APD) restitution curve slope in predicting the onset of electrical alternans when electrotonic and memory effects are considered. We de...
Between 'Devil' and Detournement: Embodied Acts as Methods of Critical Inquiry in Educational Spaces.

This paper explores the relationship between surveillance technologies and power as exercised in educational spaces. The theories based in the panoptic gaze as theorized by Michel Foucault provide educators with the opportunity to analyze positions of power in school settings. The critical actions of the Surveillance Camera Players represent examples of active embodiment that might inform a form of pedagogy that investigates panopticism within educational spaces.
Personal and global economies: Male carpet manufacturers as entrepreneurs in the weaving neighborhoods of Konya, Turkey

Situating the Turkish carpet-weaving industry within the historical and political context of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), this study concentrates on male carpet manufacturers in Konya, Turkey. It explores how their divergent and at times awkward articulations of successful entrepreneurship affect and are affected by local labor conditions and relationships. The efforts of carpet manufacturers to achieve entrepreneurial flexibility have both liberating and constraining effects, demonstrating that the meanings and practices some researchers ascribe to the market economy and flexibility cannot be understood if disengaged from the particulars of culture.
Reflections on COHMAP

COHMAP (Cooperative Holocene Mapping Project) had its start in the 1970s with the intent to compare atmospheric general circulation models with quantitative palaeoclimatic reconstructions based on stratigraphic pollen analysis. As the sophistication of the models increased and as additional palaeoclimatic indicators (lake levels, marine microfossils) were incorporated in the reconstructions, the programme expanded to global coverage through the participation of numerous collaborators. The carefully nurtured dual approach of modelling and data analysis was strengthened by continued testing of one against the other, with emphasis on interdisciplinary understanding fostered by workshops. With the development of new computer models that have higher spatial resolution and improved boundary conditions, and with diversification and enlargement of the geographic and temporal coverage of field and analytical data, substantial refinements can be anticipated in the understanding of global climatic changes since the ...
Humboldtian Science, Creole Meteorology, and the Discovery of Human-Caused Climate Change in South America

AbstractThe belief that human land use is capable of causing large-scale climatic change lies at the root of modern conservation thought and policy. The origins and popularization of this belief were deeply politicized. Alexander von Humboldt’s treatment of the Lake Valencia basin in Venezuela and the desert coast of Peru as natural laboratories for observing the interaction between geophysical and cultural forces was central to this discovery, as was Humboldt’s belief that European colonialism was especially destructive to the land. Humboldt’s overt cultivation of disciples was critical to building the prestige of this discovery and popularizing the Humboldtian scientific program, which depended fundamentally on local observers, but willfully marginalized chorographic knowledge systems. In creating new, global forms of environmental understanding, Humboldtian science also generated new forms of ignorance.
Semi-quantitative analysis of drugs of abuse, including tetrahydrocannabinol in hair using aqueous extraction and immunoassay

A semi-quantitative analytical screening procedure for the determination of cocaine, amphetamines, opiates, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in hair has been developed. The procedure employs an aqueous extraction buffer, uses only 10 mg of hair, requires 2 h of incubation for the extraction to occur, and multiple drug classes can be screened using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Hair calibration standards were prepared around the recommended cut-off concentrations of the Society of Hair Testing. All drug classes showed excellent linearity over the concentration range tested, indicating that immunochemical screening can be used in a semi-quantitative mode for hair analysis using an aqueous buffer, rapid extraction and a small amount of hair.
Image transmission based on neural network approaches

A method for designing the vector quantizer (VQ), called concentric-shell partition vector quantization (CSPVQ), is introduced. Neural networks using the frequency sensitive competitive learning (FSCL) algorithm using the concentric-shell partitioning for VQ is presented. This new technique will show the speed and the simplicity of the neural network while retaining the computational advantages of the image. A high compression ratio is achieved which reduces the channel transmission bandwidth and improves the utilities of the communication system. >
Cyclic constructions of distance-preserving maps

Distance-preserving maps (DPMs) from binary vectors to permutations are useful for the construction of permutation arrays. A new construction of DPMs is presented. We study the distance increasing property of the new DPMs that this construction yields. Then we show that new DPMs contain a class of nicely structured DPMs of even length with good distance increasing property
A naturally occurring mutation within the probe-binding region compromises a molecular-based West Nile virus surveillance assay for mosquito pools (Diptera: Culicidae).

A naturally occurring mutation was detected within the probe binding region targeting the envelope gene sequence of West Nile virus used in real-time polymerase chain reaction assays to test mosquito pools and other samples. A single C→T transition 6nt from the 5′ end of the 16mer in the envelope gene probe-binding region at genomic position 1,194 reduced assay sensitivity. The mutation first was detected in 2009 and persisted at a low prevalence into 2011. The mutation caused a 0.4% false negative error rate during 2011. These data emphasized the importance of confirmational testing and redundancy in surveillance systems relying on highly specific nucleic acid detection platforms.
The Dawn of Third-generation Stress Echocardiography?

In this edition of the Journal, Jorge Lowenstein et al. indicate the possible way to third generation stress echocardiography. (1) The authors used three tools together during the realization of the unique stress echo with dipyridamole potentiated with atropine to evaluate three different objectives: the bidimensional echocardiogram (2D echo) for the semiquantitative evaluation of the regional wall motion analysis, supported by the habitual practice, and at the same time qualitative and subjective, colour pulsed Doppler for the evaluation of the coronary reserve in the anterior descending artery (ADA) and the strain 2D for the expected quantitative evaluation of the left ventricle longitudinal function. All this in only one imaging test which is fast, safe, free of radiations, objective and inexpensive and with high diagnostic precision.
Use of PRD1 bacteriophage in groundwater viral transport, inactivation, and attachment studies

PRD1, an icosahedra-shaped, 62 nm (diameter), double-stranded DNA bacteriophage with an internal membrane, has emerged as an important model virus for studying the manner in which microorganisms are transported through a variety of groundwater environments. The popularity of this phage for use in transport studies involving geologic media is due, in part, to its relative stability over a range of temperatures and low degree of attachment in aquifer sediments. Laboratory and field investigations employing PRD1 are leading to a better understanding of viral attachment and transport behaviors in saturated geologic media and to improved methods for describing mathematically subsurface microbial transport at environmentally significant field scales. Radioisotopic labeling of PRD1 is facilitating additional information about the nature of viral interactions with solid surfaces in geologic media, the importance of iron oxide surfaces, and allowing differentiation between inactivation and attachment in field-scale tracer tests.
Estimating the Size of Cotton Trash with Video Images

Video trashmeters now used to indicate the amount of foreign matter in cotton can also measure the size of particles observed. One instrument was modified to give the population of trash appearing in different size categories. Computer methods were used to indicate two kinds of size distributions: one based on the length of scan as it crossed the particle and the other on the total particle area. Adding size data in regres sion models improved the agreement between trashmeter measurements and Shirley Analyser nonlint content. Comparisons between the size of trash in ginned lint with the quantity remaining in manufactured yarn confirmed the belief that small particles tend to remain in the cotton through processing.
Cost-aware Bayesian sequential decision-making for domain search and object classification

This paper focuses on the development of a cost-aware Bayesian sequential decision-making strategy for the search and classification of multiple unknown objects over a given domain using a sensor with limited sensory capability. Under such scenario, it is risky to allocate all the available sensing resources at a single location of interest, while ignoring other regions in the domain that may contain more critical objects. On the other hand, for the sake of finding and classifying more objects elsewhere, making a decision regarding object existence or its property based on insufficient observations may result in miss-detecting or miss-classifying a critical object of interest. Therefore, a decision-making strategy that balances the desired decision accuracy and tolerable risks/costs is highly motivated. The strategy developed in this paper seeks to find and classify all unknown objects within the domain with minimum risk under limited resources.
σ-Bonded Cyclic Systems of Boron and Nitrogen (Other than Borazines)

Besides the borazines, several other cyclic systems with no other annular atoms than boron and nitrogen have been discovered during the past two or three years. Examples of such compounds, however, are still very few. This discussion will be developed with respect to increasing ring size rather than irom a historical point of view and the “borine” nomenclature of the systems will be used. To date, derivatives of the following four rings are known: 1. Open image in new window s-diaza-diborine 2. Open image in new window 1,3,4-triaza-2,5-diborine 3. Open image in new window 1,2,4,5-tetraza-3,6-diborine 4. Open image in new window s-tetraza-tetraborine
Iron Deficiency in Gynecologic Patients

I RON deficiency anemia among adults in the United States occurs almost exclusively as a result of chronic blood loss. In the absence of blood loss, inadequate iron intake can lead to anemia only after prolonged deprivation. Dietary restriction of iron may become limiting under circumstances in which requirements are increased, as during pregnancy, lactation, the rapid growth of infancy and childhood, or with chronic mild hemorrhage such as excessive menstruation. The present study illustrates the nature of this blood loss effect on the therapeutic response to iron and to iron plus other hemopoietic preparations in the management of metorrhagically induced iron deficiency anemia. From these data, we have attempted to estimate the quantity of iron lost by the woman with repetitively excessive menstrual blood loss which has led to anemia, the amount of iron required to replace this deficit, and finally, whether factors other than iron reinforce or enhance the hemopoietic response in such a person. MATERIAL AND METHODS
Closed-form asymptotic extraction method for coupled microstrip lines

The effective dielectric constants of a symmetric coupled microstrip line operating in the dominant mode are solved by using a closed-form formula of the asymptotic part of the impedance matrix elements. Using this asymptotic closed-form solution, the finite upper limit for numerical integration in the evaluation of the impedance matrix elements is significantly reduced. This results in improved computational efficiency for determining the /spl epsiv//sub reff/ of a coupled microstrip line while retaining a good accuracy compared to the conventional spectral domain approach (SDA).
Commentary: Samuel Preston's 'The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development'.

Professor Preston’s article 1 is rightly regarded as an important contribution to the debate about the role of economic development and health services (broadly defined) in the decline of mortality. Like so much of his other work, it combines imaginative and innovative use of data with methodological rigour, in this case to argue the point that public and personal health interventions have had a measurable impact upon mortality over and above what would have been expected from economic expansion alone. In addition to this main point, however, the article touches on several related issues that are also of continuing importance: the association between income inequality and mortality, and the diffusion of innovations. I shall discuss the latter briefly, leaving for others a consideration of the former, but first I should like to consider the influence this article has, or hasn’t, had.
The incidence of myelitis after irradiation of the cervical spinal cord

To further define the tolerance of the cervical spinal cord, the dose of radiation to the cervical spinal cord was calculated for all 2901 patients with malignancies of the upper respiratory tract treated at the University of Florida between October 1964 and December 1987. To further define the population evaluated, certain criteria were used: (a) a minimum of 3000 cGy to at least 2 cm of cervical spinal cord and (b) a minimum of 1 year of follow-up, unless a neurological complication occurred before 1 year. A total of 1112 patients were evaluable, of which 2 (0.18%) developed radiation myelitis. One received 4658 cGy to the cervical cord at 172.5 cGy per day, and the other patient received 4907 cGy to the cord at 169.2 cGy per day. The risk of myelitis at each dose level was 0/124 at 3000-3999 cGy, 0/442 at 4000-4499 cGy, 2/471 at 4500-4999 cGy, and 0/75 at a cord dose of 5000 cGy or greater.
Integrating Software Pipelining and Graph Scheduling for Iterative Scientific Computations

Graph scheduling has been shown effective for solving irregular problems represented as directed acyclic graphs(DAGs) on distributed memory systems. Many scientific applications can also be modeled as iterative task graphs(ITGs). In this paper, we model the SOR computation for solving sparse matrix systems in terms of ITGs and address the optimization issues for scheduling ITGs when communication overhead is not zero. We present an approach that incorporates techniques of software pipelining and graph scheduling. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in mapping SOR computation and compare it with the multi-coloring method.
Conservation Genetic Assessment of the Blue-spotted Salamander in Iowa

Blue-spotted salamanders (Ambystoma laterale) are a widespread and relatively common species throughout northeastern North America. The distribution of this species is marked by a pair of peripherally isolated populations at the southwestern boundary of its range in Iowa, a state where these salamanders are endangered. Because small peripatric populations suffer greater risks of extinction, the genetic state of the isolates was compared to that of a reference population that appears to be in geographic contiguity with the primary distribution of the species. Five polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to examine population genetic structure. Whereas allelic richness exhibited by each locus was qualitatively similar across study populations, genetic data indicate that the scaled effective population sizes of the peripheral isolates were demonstrably smaller compared to that of the reference population. One of the Iowa isolates shows evidence of a recent bottleneck and of substantial inbreeding; this population may therefore be subject to a particularly heightened risk of extirpation.
The valine and lysine residues in the conserved FxVTxK motif are important for the function of phylogenetically distant plant cellulose synthases

Cellulose synthases (CESAs) synthesize the β-1,4-glucan chains that coalesce to form cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. In addition to a large cytosolic (catalytic) domain, CESAs have eight predicted transmembrane helices (TMHs). However, analogous to the structure of BcsA, a bacterial CESA, predicted TMH5 in CESA may instead be an interfacial helix. This would place the conserved FxVTxK motif in the plant cell cytosol where it could function as a substrate-gating loop as occurs in BcsA. To define the functional importance of the CESA region containing FxVTxK, we tested five parallel mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana CESA1 and Physcomitrella patens CESA5 in complementation assays of the relevant cesa mutants. In both organisms, the substitution of the valine or lysine residues in FxVTxK severely affected CESA function. In Arabidopsis roots, both changes were correlated with lower cellulose anisotropy, as revealed by Pontamine Fast Scarlet. Analysis of hypocotyl inner cell wall layers by atomic force microscopy showed that two altered versions of Atcesa1 could rescue cell wall phenotypes observed in the mutant background line. Overall, the data show that the FxVTxK motif is functionally important in two phylogenetically distant plant CESAs. The results show that Physcomitrella provides an efficient model for assessing the effects of engineered CESA mutations affecting primary cell wall synthesis and that diverse testing systems can lead to nuanced insights into CESA structure-function relationships. Although CESA membrane topology needs to be experimentally determined, the results support the possibility that the FxVTxK region functions similarly in CESA and BcsA.
Abstract 126: Inside Transitional Care: What Actually Happens During These Visits?

Background: Bridging the Discharge Gap Effectively (BRIDGE) is a nurse practitioner (NP) delivered transitional care program designed to provide cardiac patients a timely, guideline-based, first post-discharge visit. BRIDGE follow-up within 14 days of discharge has been shown to reduce early adverse events, including rehospitalization, for ACS patients, at a cost savings. Despite this success, there is little evidence documenting what occurs during these visits. The purpose of this study is to examine the content of first post-discharge visits. Methods: Mixed methods design was used to examine content of BRIDGE visits and assess patient perceptions of rapport with their NP. Visits with 17 ACS patients were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using conventional content analysis to identify themes within and across visits. Patients completed the Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) scale and a modified Patient-Doctor Relationship Questionnaire (PDRQ9). Demographic information and details of 30-day readmissions were abstracted from patient charts. Results: Nineteen patients consented; 17 (89%) completed the study. Most were male (14, 73.7%) and white (15, 78.9%). Average age was 61.6 years. One (5%) had an unplanned readmission. NP priorities during visits included clinical history, medication reconciliation, patient education, and referrals. Patients were screened for guideline-driven secondary prevention queues such as physical symptoms, diet, physical activity, and smoking. Patient priorities included questions about daily life (can I play catch with my grandson); clinical questions (can a stress test cause a heart attack); feelings (he feels like dying; I feel helpless), and fear of death (I’m afraid if I go to sleep I might not wake up). On average, NPs contributed 59% of the verbal content of the visits. Patients felt highly connected with NPs (mean PDRQ9 43.05 + 3.1; possible range 5, 45, α=.95) and viewed them as deeply empathic (mean CARE 43.5 + 2.8); possible range 0, 50, α=.94). Discussion: A qualitative approach resulted in nuanced understandings of the content of first post-discharge visits. Patients and NPs have overlapping priorities for these visits. Both concern themselves with managing the medical condition. In addition, patients reveal other priorities, such as how to carry on with daily life and manage feelings and fears. Notably, assessment of psychosocial issues and mental health were absent, suggesting an opportunity to enhance patient care. NPs may be ideally suited to begin filling this gap given their excellent rapport with patients and expertise in motivational interviewing. It is plausible that these factors also contribute to the success of the BRIDGE program in reducing 30-day readmissions. Further research is needed with larger sample sizes and other types of providers to fully assess their impact.
Public Housing Myths: Perception, Reality, and Social Policy, by Nicholas Dagen Bloom, Fritz Umbach, and Lawrence J. Vale

Public housing has long been considered by policymakers and politicians as a utopian ideal with good intentions, but one that has largely failed. The most iconic failures depicted in the literature...
System Dynamic Fleet Forecasting with Technology , Emission, and Noise Goals

We present a c omprehensive approach for assessment of long -term, fleet wide costs and benefits from advanced aircraft technologies in a variety of future scenarios. This effort requires an integrated methodology that combines system dynamics, network modeling and analysis, and fleet allocation optimization. The objective is to identify the levels and timing of technolog y enhancement that are most likely to advance the goals of greater efficiency in air transport while also reducing noise and emissions. Solution techniques for aircraft allocation problems are well developed. However, these allocation problems have not incorporated the time -varying dynamics in the air transportation system and the range of environmental impacts at the fleet level. We present an approach and a tool that a ddress this problem by integrating fleet allocation optimization with dynamics of demand ( growth and price elasticity of demand) , economic factors (fuel price and economic growth), and supply and demand relationship (aircraft order, delivery, and retiremen t of aging and inefficient aircraft ). We analyze the impacts on noise and emissions of new technologies (aircraft and alternative jet fuel) and prospective environmental polices (incentives and constraints) . We demonstrate the capability of this tool by ex ploring five scenarios on a network of 102 domestic airport s in the U.S. Preliminary results along with their implications for decision making are presented and discussed.
Über den Aufbau pflanzlicher Zellwände

In den Samenhaaren der Baumwolle befinden sich im Cytoplasma farblose Partikel.W. Farr hat behauptet, das diese Partikel aus Cellulosekristalliten mit einer Pektinhulle bestehen, und das diese „celluloseparticles” nach linearer Zusammenlagerung die Fibrillen bilden, aus denen die Zellwande aufgebaut werden. Auf Grund eigener Untersuchungsergebnisse an lebenden Baumwollhaaren von Gewachshauspflanzen konnten die Argumente, dieW. Farr fur die Cellulosenatur der Partikel angefuhrt hat, als unbegrundet zuruckgewiesen werden. In Ubereinstimmung mit den Anschauungen vonD. B. Anderson undTh. Kerr werden die Partikel als Plastiden bezeichnet, die keine Cellulose, sondern Starke aufbauen und zeitweilig enthalten konnen. Ebenso wird auf Grund mikroskopischer Beobachtungen und der bisherigen Erkenntnisse uber den Feinbau der Zellwande die AnnahmeW. Farrs abgelehnt, das die Plastiden zu Fibrillen zusammentreten und in die Wand eingebaut werden. Zum Schlusse wird kurz auf die Moglichkeit der Cellulosebildung an der Wand hingewiesen.
Improving Education and Standards for Cleft Care in the Developing World: The Partner Hospital Model

The partner hospital model identifies hospitals in the developing world to educate and enable local surgeons to deliver effective cleft care. This study aimed to determine the outcomes of this model on safety, education, and quality of surgical care.
Oocyte Degeneration in Plodia interpunctella Hübner and Cadra cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): Influence of Temperature and Humidity

Oocyte degeneration in virgin moths of Cadra cautella (Walker) and Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) occurs in temperatures ranging from 20 to 33°C. Combined with relative humidity, temperature is the dominant factor. Unlike other species of insects where oosorption occurs at low temperatures that induce diapause, oocyte degeneration in the moths is confined to higher temperatures. Although ooeytes may be sources of food and moisture, oocyte degeneration in C. cautella and P. interpunctella does not increase the longevity of the moths. Above threshold temperatures, the remains (relics) of oocyte degeneration can be used to estimate the age of virgin moths.
Wrist Deviation in Manual Materials Handling

In fitting the Manual Materials Handling task to the operator, the interface between the human body and the object handled is of considerable importance. Design of handles in particular is an area in which design data are needed. As a box is raised or lowered, the operator must accommodate to the handles by deviating the wrist. An experiment to measure the effects of this deviation on anatomical, physiological and psychophysical variables was performed. Thirty industrial subjects took part in this static box-holding task. Results showed that changing the handle deviation had about the same effect as changing the box weight by 16%. Radial deviation proved to be worse than ulnar deviation.
{6,6'-Dimeth-oxy-2,2'-[ethane-1,2-diylbis(nitrilo-methanylyl-idene)]diphenolato}nickel(II) dimethyl-formamide monosolvate.

In the title compound, [Ni(C18H18N2O4)]·C3H7NO, the central NiII atom is in a square-planar O2N2 coordination environment. The planar Ni–salen moieties (r.m.s. deviation for the plane through the conjugated part of the Ni–salen group = 0.07 A) form parallel stacks in the a-axis direction, with alternating Ni⋯Ni separations of 3.5339 (7) and 3.6165 (7) A. In the crystal, there are weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions involving the dimethyl­formamide O and phenolate O atoms.
Study of Inverted Classroom Teaching Mode of Electronics Courses Based on Network Resources

Based on the status of network and information technology which give a extensive support to video learning and packed uses,the paper presents the design and construction of network recourses with electronic and information courses. By integrating the excellent network recourses,a series of micro video courses of key point have been constructed. The teaching mode of inverted classroom has been practiced,and also the items of later classroom.
Scalable and realistic benchmark synthesis for efficient NoC performance evaluation: a complex network analysis approach

The complexity of the design-space exploration of large-scale NoCs is exacerbated not only by the ever-increasing number of cores, but also by the increased runtime uncertainties in both the scale and task structure of the emerging applications. Consequently, it is crucial to develop rigorous mathematical frameworks for capturing the task dependencies of varied applications to foster the generation of realistic benchmarks that can guide the NoC design. However, the current NoC benchmark suites either lack portability and poorly scale as they require intensive development efforts on specific architectures and simulation time, or are synthesized based on purely stochastic models that are disconnected with real applications, which may easily lead to biased and/or delayed design choices. To overcome these drawbacks, we propose a benchmark synthesis framework that i) not only allows extraction of dynamical task dependencies of the application and synthesize traffic workloads spatio-temporally consistent with realistic traffic behavior, ii) but can also be easily scaled by the proposed complex-network inspired algorithm for large benchmark generation while preserving key structural features that governs application communication behaviors. We validate the proposed framework on a large-scale simulation environment by running a set of real applications. Experimental results show that the synthesized benchmarks respect the traffic patterns of the original applications and preserve key features of application task structures.
Publicly Available Data Provide Evidence against NR1H3 R415Q Causing Multiple Sclerosis.

Summary It has recently been reported that an NR1H3 missense variant, R415Q, causes a novel familial form of multiple sclerosis (Wang et al., 2016a). This claim is at odds with publicly available data from the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC; http://exac.broadinstitute.org). The allele frequency of R415Q is not significantly higher in cases (0.024%–0.049%) than in ExAC population controls (0.031%), whereas if R415Q conferred even 50% lifetime risk of developing MS, it would be hundreds of times more common in cases than in controls. The upper bound of the 95% confidence interval of penetrance for R415Q can be estimated at 2.2% for women and 1.2% for men, indicating that even if this variant is disease associated, individuals harboring the variant would have a lifetime risk of developing MS no higher than a few percent. ExAC data should be considered when evaluating claims of variant pathogenicity. This Matters Arising paper is in response to Wang et al. (2016a), published in Neuron . See also the related Matters Arising paper by The International Multiple Sclerosis Genetics Consortium (2016) and the response by Wang et al. (2016b), published in this issue.
Pursuing standards strategies in nuclear forensics: investigating extraction of progeny uranium in CRM-126a as a quality control material in Pu–U chronometry

Parent–progeny isotope relationships provide critical signatures in forensic efforts designed to determine the history of interdicted nuclear materials. Unfortunately, there is substantial need for new standards and QC strategies yielding confidence in such chronometric measurements. Here, we investigate the initial isolation of progeny uranium in certified reference material-126a for use as a precision comparator in a thermal ionization mass spectrometry-based QC strategy seeking to provide improved uncertainties in isotopic and chronometric measurements for nuclear materials containing elevated U-236, such as plutonium. Application to real-world Pu either preserved or improved upon uncertainties associated with key parent–daughter ratios and further constrained associated chronometric windows.
Integrated Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders: The Mediating Role of PTSD Improvement in the Reduction of Depression

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents one of the most common mental health disorders, particularly among veterans, and is associated with significant distress and impairment. This highly debilitating disorder is further complicated by common comorbid psychiatric disorders, such as substance use disorders (SUD). Individuals with PTSD and co-occurring SUD also commonly present with secondary symptoms, such as elevated depression. Little is known, however, about how these secondary symptoms are related to treatment outcome. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to examine (1) the effects of treatment of comorbid PTSD/SUD on depressive symptoms; and (2) whether this effect was mediated by changes in PTSD severity or changes in SUD severity. Participants were 81 U.S. military veterans (90.1% male) with PTSD and SUD enrolled in a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an integrated, exposure-based treatment (Concurrent Treatment of PTSD and Substance Use Disorders Using Prolonged Exposure; n = 54) versus relapse prevention (n = 27). Results revealed significantly lower depressive symptoms at post-treatment in the COPE group, as compared to the relapse prevention group. Examination of the mechanisms associated with change in depression revealed that reduction in PTSD severity, but not substance use severity, mediated the association between the treatment group and post-treatment depression. The findings underscore the importance of treating PTSD symptoms in order to help reduce co-occurring symptoms of depression in individuals with PTSD/SUD. Clinical implications and avenues for future research are discussed.
Sexual dimorphism in the effect of maternal obesity on antioxidant defense mechanisms in the human placenta

Abstract Introduction Maternal obesity creates an adverse intrauterine environment, negatively impacts placental respiration, is associated with a higher incidence of pregnancy complications and programs the offspring for disease in adult life in a sexually dimorphic manner. We defined the effect of maternal obesity and fetal sex on pro- and anti-oxidant status in placenta and placental mitochondria. Methods: Placental villous tissue was collected at term via c-section prior to labor from four groups of patients based on fetal sex and prepregnancy/1st trimester body mass index: lean - BMI 22.1 ± 0.3 (6 male, 6 female) and obese - BMI 36.3 ± 0.4 (6 male, 6 female). Antioxidant enzyme activity, mitochondrial protein carbonyls, nitrotyrosine residues, total and nitrated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthesis were measured. Results: Maternal obesity was associated with decreased SOD and catalase activity, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), but increased oxidative (protein carbonyls) and nitrative (nitrotyrosine) stress in a sexually dimorphic manner. Placentas of lean women with a male fetus had higher SOD activity and TAC (p
Needed Adjustments in Farming

point of view. Realized net income of all farm operators from farming in 1953 was 7 percent less than in 1952, and 13 percent less than in 1951. The purchasing power of this income was less in 1953 than in any year since 1940. The reduction from 1951 to 1953 was due to a 15-percent decline in prices received by farmers without a comparable reduction in cost rates. Prices paid for production goods and services decreased only one percent. Lower prices for farm products resulted from a larger volume of marketings, higher marketing costs, and reduction in export demand.
Optimal Schedules for Rapid Starting and Loading of Steam Turbines

Abstract Starting and loading rates of a steam turbine are limited by thermal fatigue resulting from nonuniform heating of parts. The paper presents the derivation of a method for calculating steam valve opening transients leading to the shortest time for starting and/or loading. The steam schedules are subjected to constraints relating to the measure of damage--the maximum thermal strain in the shell and in the rotor of the turbine. A numerical example is given for illustration of the method. Formulas are derived for calculating control transients when the desired strain transients in the rotor and the shell are given.
Effect of Parental Permission and Age Restriction Laws on US Adolescent Indoor Tanning Trends.

The article responds to an issue article on U.S. state laws on adolescent indoor tanning involving parental permission requirements or age restrictions. Topics include the roles of public knowledge and mass media coverage in declining adolescent indoor tanning use, the relation of age restrictions to adolescent behavior, and the classification of ultraviolet radiation from indoor tanning as a carcinogen.
Maimonides on Language and the Science of Language

Neither in the Guide of the Perplexed nor in his other philosophical and legal writings does Maimonides lay out a systematic theory of language. In this respect the subject of language differs from other subjects such as prophecy which Maimonides does treat in explicit systematic detail and, in this respect, Maimonides also differs from his Muslim counterparts, especially Al-Farabi and Avicenna, who present elaborate accounts of language. At the same time, it hardly needs to be repeated that the philosophical problems and conceptual confusions to which language gives rise are topics that occupy Maimonides throughout his writings. The absence of an explicitly worked-out theory of language should not, then, be necessarily understood to mean that Maimonides was not working with a theory of language.
The carcinogenic aminoazo dyes.

Publisher Summary One of the major achievements of cancer research in the past twenty years has been the discovery of a great variety of chemical carcinogens that have become convenient tools for the production of tumors and for the study of carcinogenesis. The only certain indicator that the carcinogenic process has occurred or has been in progress in a given tissue is the eventual emergence of a gross tumor. The task of defining the carcinogenic process is still largely restricted to the correlation of events in the target tissue with the ultimate appearance of gross tumors. Following the administration of the azo dyes, some cells appear histologically undamaged, some die, and some have altered characteristics; it is in these areas of altered cells that the tumors appear to arise. Likewise, the magnitude of the liver changes and the survival of the animals are functions of the dose of carcinogen administered. From the current knowledge of the composition of cells and of the maintenance of cell types through successive generations, it is certain that this type of change must involve certain proteins, nucleic acids, or both. The entire series of carcinogenic agents could be conceived as acting through the induction of abnormal protein patterns in a cell. The protein pattern leading to abnormal growth need not be identical in the induction of tumors by different carcinogens or even when different neoplastic cells are induced by a given carcinogen.
Asymmetric Degrees of Openness and Monetary Transmission in Europe

As outlined in Chapter 2, asymmetries in the degrees of openness may also explain why EMU member countries behave differently in response to the common monetary policy by the ECB. Monetary policy is widely expected to have a stronger impact on output, the more open the economy is toward the rest of the world.1 Against this background, this chapter systematically explores in a theoretical model of a monetary union the role of asymmetric degrees of openness.
Altered Anterior Insular Asymmetry in Pre-teen and Adolescent Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hallmarked by social-emotional reciprocity deficits. Social-emotional responding requires the clear recognition of social cues as well as the internal monitoring of emotional salience. Insular cortex is central to the salience network, and plays a key role in approach-avoidance emotional valuation. Consistent right anterior insular hypoactivity and variable volumetric differences of insular cortical volumes were shown previously. The current study analyzed anterior and posterior insular volume/asymmetry changes in ASD across age. Age was used as an additional grouping variable as previous studies indicated differential regional volume in ASD individuals before and after puberty onset. In the current sample, pre-teen ASD expressed left lateralized anterior insula, while adolescent ASD had right lateralization. Typically developing (TD) individuals expressed the opposite lateralization of anterior insula in both age-groups (right greater than left anterior insular volume among pre-teen TD and left greater than right anterior insular volume among adolescent TD). Social-emotional calibrated severity scores from the ADOS were positively correlated with leftward anterior insular asymmetry and negatively correlated with proportional right anterior insular volumes in ASD. Insular cortex has a lateralized role in autonomic nervous system regulation (parasympathetic control in the left, sympathetic control in the right). Atypical insular asymmetry in ASD may contribute to the development of networks with a diminished salience signal to human faces and voices, and may lead to more learned passive avoidant responses to such stimuli at younger ages, leading to more distressed responses in adolescence. Data here supports the use of early behavioral intervention to increase awareness of and reward for social-emotional cues.
An annotation and modeling schema for prescription regimens

We introduce TranScriptML, a semantic representation schema for prescription regimens allowing various properties of prescriptions (e.g. dose, frequency, route) to be specified separately and applied (manually or automatically) as annotations to patient instructions. In this paper, we describe the annotation schema, the curation of a corpus of prescription instructions through a manual annotation effort, and initial experiments in modeling and automated generation of TranScriptML representations. TranScriptML was developed in the process of curating a corpus of 2914 ambulatory prescriptions written within the Partners Healthcare network, and its schema is informed by the content of that corpus. We developed the representation schema as a novel set of semantic tags for prescription concept categories (e.g. frequency); each tag label is defined with an accompanying attribute framework in which the meaning of tagged concepts can be specified in a normalized fashion. We annotated a subset (1746) of this dataset using cross-validation and reconciliation between multiple annotators, and used Conditional Random Field machine learning and various other methods to train automated annotation models based on the manual annotations. The TranScriptML schema implementation, manual annotation, and machine learning were all performed using the MITRE Annotation Toolkit (MAT). We report that our annotation schema can be applied with varying levels of pairwise agreement, ranging from low agreement levels (0.125 F for the relatively rare REFILL tag) to high agreement levels approaching 0.9 F for some of the more frequent tags. We report similarly variable scores for modeling tag labels and spans, averaging 0.748 F-measure with balanced precision and recall. The best of our various attribute modeling methods captured most attributes with accuracy above 0.9. We have described an annotation schema for prescription regimens, and shown that it is possible to annotate prescription regimens at high accuracy for many tag types. We have further shown that many of these tags and attributes can be modeled at high accuracy with various techniques. By structuring the textual representation through annotation enriched with normalized values, the text can be compared against the pharmacist-entered structured data, offering an opportunity to detect and correct discrepancies.
Vascular α1-adrenergic sensitivity is enhanced in chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often complicated by difficult-to-control hypertension, in part due to chronic overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). CKD patients also exhibit a gr...
Genome mining for lasso peptides: past, present, and future

Over the course of roughly a decade, the lasso peptide field has been transformed. Whereas new compounds were discovered infrequently via activity-driven approaches, now, the vast majority of lasso peptide discovery is driven by genome-mining approaches. This paper starts with a historical overview of the first genome-mining approaches for lasso peptide discovery, and then covers new tools that have emerged. Several examples of novel lasso peptides that have been discovered via genome mining are presented as are examples of new enzymes found associated with lasso peptide gene clusters. Finally, this paper concludes with future directions and unsolved challenges in lasso peptide genome mining.
Strong Markov property

To begin with, we assume that the M. C. {x t , t∈T} is Borel measurable. Using the notation of § 8, we may define a family of random variables {ξ t , t∈T} on the triple (Δ, Δℱ, P(·|Δ)) as follows: $${{\xi }_{t}}\left( \omega \right)=\xi \left( t,\omega \right)=x\left( \alpha \left( \omega \right)+t,\omega \right)$$ (1) .