cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Thiamine Deficiency on Potential Myocardial Contractility

After rats had been on a thiamine free diet for five weeks their myocardium in vivo showed a marked decrease (69%) of developed isometric tension. During the first two weeks on a thiamine free diet developed tension was within the control range; but by three weeks the developed tension and myocardial response to epinephrine were much diminished. The susceptibility of these animals to arrhythmias was increased markedly. The incidence of arrhythmias increased as the length of time on the thiamine free diet increased. In many instances terminal ventricular fibrillation occurred. The decrease of myocardial tension or potential contractility occurring in thiamine deficiency may be attributed, at least in part, to interference with energy liberation due to a reduction in the level of cocarboxylase which limits the utilization of carbohydrate by the myocardium.
Influence of interior packing and hydrophobicity on the stability of a protein

Protein interiors contain many tightly packed apolar atoms in a nearly crystalline state. Both shielding of apolar atoms from solvent and efficient interior packing arrangements affect protein stability, but their relative importance is unclear. To separate these effects, the stabilities of wild-type and mutant gene V proteins from bacteriophage fl were studied by measuring resistance to denaturation. The effects of subtle interior packing changes, both separate from and combined with changes in buried side chain hydrophobicity, were measured. For the interior apolar-to-apolar substitutions studied, the two effects were of the same magnitude and alteration of packing without accompanying hydrophobicity changes substantially destabilized the protein.
Use of the NCA-modified assessment with a population of intoxicated drivers.

Given the proliferation of state laws affecting drunk drivers, the recently passed Wisconsin provision which mandates alcohol assessment for all convicted offenders is of particular interest. When applied during a 2-yr. period in Racine County, WI (1 yr. prior to the enactment of the policy and 1 yr. after passage), most of the persons assessed for operating a vehicle while intoxicated were judged to be irresponsible users of alcohol (social drinkers). Those assessed as alcohol dependent were numerous and were sent to treatment rather than educationally oriented rehabilitation programs. Addressing the issue of predicting which factors would influence the referral to education versus treatment programs, the study showed that repeaters, users of the human services, and those persons having higher concentrations of blood alcohol tended to be sent to treatment. Use of the MOD-CRIT assessment instrument provides the state alcohol treatment system with a means by which drinking drivers can systematically be referred to appropriate rehabilitation programs. Although some margin of error may exist during the assessment process, mandatory assessment is deemed preferable to individualized reports that are open to bias and interpretation. Language: en
Thermal shape fluctuations in hot rotating nuclei: Comparison of constant energy constraint and constant temperature constraint

Abstract Statistical shape fluctuations can be calculated with two alternative assumptions: (a) the temperature remains constant as the shape fluctuates, or (b) the energy remains constant as the shape fluctuates. These two possibilities are compared for a simple model, the Landau theory, and the finite-temperature HFB cranking theory. Average electric quadrupole moments are compared for these two constraints.
Methamphetamines: Use and Trafficking in the Tucson-Nogales Area

A national increase in the use of methamphetamine, a cheap, accessible, and dangerous drug, prompted the National Institute on Drug Addiction to sponsor an ethnographic study in the Tucson-Nogales area. This area has experienced a rapid rise in methamphetamine (also known as meth, speed, crank, smoke, or crystal ice) use during the past 3 years. Mexican and Canadian borders are ports of entry for meth and precursor substances, and home manufacturing has increased substantially. The dual consequences of overdose and addiction result in devastating long-term psychological and physiological problems. Increased law enforcement and citizen awareness in controlling the "epidemic" are key elements in curbing the problem.
Photochemical reactions of the substituent groups of cotton cinnamate fabric

The extents to which the substituents of cotton cinnamate fabrics dimerize and undergo cis–trans isomerization upon irradiation with 2537 A light were determined. It was shown that these photochemical reactions occur primarily on the surface of the fabric. Simple crosslinking via the truxillic and/or truxinic acid residues, although directly related to the increases in conditioned wrinkle recovery angles, was sufficient to produce fabrics with only moderate levels of wrinkle recovery properties.
Spectroscopic studies of β-cyclodextrin-complexed cyanine dyes

We have studied the interaction of a homologous series of symmetrical thiacyanine dyes (DTCI, DTDCI, DTTCI) with β-cyclodextrin. From absorption spectra we infer that all three dyes form β-CD complexes, either as dye cation monomer or dimer. Higher aggregates, e.g. H-aggregates, are observable in water alone for both DTDCI and DTTCI, as is well-known. The H-aggregate formed from DTTCI in water provides evidence of a unique pathway for thermalization of photoexcitation energy; excited aggregate ejects excited dye monomer. β-CD complexes of all three dyes exhibit technologically useful levels of second-order hyperpolarizability, measured by Hyper-Rayleigh scattering, and we assign the non-linear optical response to dimer complex. Second-order scattering is observed, however, only when the saturation concentration of dye monomer in water is exceeded; at lower concentrations we infer that complexes do not form. Computational modelling, carried out for DTCI, suggests that the dimer forms endergonically with a structure that both locks in a significant degree of bond alternation, as well as allowing considerable freedom for torsional relaxation.
Pulmonary Infarct: An Unusual Manifestation of Fibrosing Mediastinitis

We have recently seen lung biopsy specimens showing pulmonary infarcts in two patients with fibrosing mediastinitis. The patients were young, and in each, the infarcts were the first manifestation of the underlying mediastinal fibrosis. The infarcts had several distinctive histologic features and may have been caused by constriction of major pulmonary veins by the fibrosis.
HLA-DR polymorphism modulates response to house dust mites in a transgenic mouse model of airway inflammation

We and others have reported that HLA-DRB1*03 is associated with childhood asthma. To extend this observation and to prove this association, we sensitized and challenged either HLA-DR2 (HLA-DRB1*1502) or HLA-DR3 (HLA-DRB1*0301) transgenic mice with house-dust mite extract. Inflammatory cell counts and cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid between HLA-DR3 and DR2 mice were compared. HLA-DR3 transgenic mice had significantly elevated eosinophil counts, Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 levels in the BAL fluid but not interferron gamma-γ. Thus, our study suggests that HLA-DRB1*0301 plays an important role in mounting a Th2-predominant immune response to house dust mite and Th2-type inflammation in the lung.
G-networks: new queueing models with additional control capabilities

This Hot-Topics Session on G-Networks aims at bringing these relatively new models which we introduced for the first time in 1989 and 1990, to the attention of the performance evaluation and modeling community. The session includes presentations by Peter Harrison, Onno Boxma, Jean-Michel Fourneau and myself. We will cover the basic concepts, some examples of potential applications, as well as recent research efforts in this area.
Florida red tide brevetoxins and binding in fish brain synaptosomes

Abstract Equilibrium binding of the lipid-soluble neurotoxins isolated from the marine red tide dinoflagellate Ptychodiscus brevis to Tilapia brain synaptosomes is described. Tritiated brevetoxin PbTx-3 binding studies were carried out at 23°C and specific binding was measured using a rapid centrifugation technique. Rosenthal analysis of specific toxin binding yields a K D of 6.1 nM and a B max of 1.4 pmol/mg protein and suggests a single class of site. Tritiated PbTx-3 can be displaced from its specific binding site by PbTx-1, PbTx-2, and PbTx-3, the three most potent brevetoxins. In vivo ichthyotoxicity correlates in a positive fashion with displacing ability in the assay. Binding of brevetoxins to specific receptor sites in fish excitable tissues is proposed as an initial event in ichthyotoxicity observed during Florida red tides.
Ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation studies of Coxsackie virus.

SummaryThe original strain of Coxsackie virus, serologic type 1, has been measured using elford's ultrafiltration technic. Ultracentrifugation furnished a rough check. The virus is very small, the estimated size bening 10 mμ or slightly less.
Maintaining Connexin43 Gap Junctional Communication in v-Src Cells Does Not Alter Growth Properties Associated with the Transformed Phenotype

Loss of connexin expression and/or gap junctional communication (GJC) has been correlated with increased rates of cell growth in tumor cells compared to their normal communication-competent counterparts. Conversely, reduced rates of cell growth have been observed in tumor cells that are induced to express exogenous connexins and re-establish GJC. It is not clear how this putative growth-suppressive effect of the connexin proteins is mediated and some data has suggested that this function may be independent of GJC. In mammalian cells that express v-Src, connexin43 (Cx43) is phosphorylated on Tyr247 and Tyr265 and this results in a dramatic disruption of GJC. Cells that express a Cx43 mutant with phenylalanine mutations at these tyrosine sites form functional gap junctions that, unlike junctions formed by wild type Cx43, remain functional in cells that co-express v-Src. These cells still appear transformed; however, it is not known whether their ability to maintain GJC prevents the loss of growth restraints...
Estructura y densidad poblacional de Octodon degus Mol.

Variations of density and of population structure of Octodon degus in the area of National Park “La Campana”, two habitats with different grade of intervention during the time of breeding in two consecutive years, are shown. The density of this rodent is in inverse relation to the degree of alteration of the habitat, showing its sensibility to the changes of the habitat. At the end of winter (August/September) the population would have its lowest density. Its maximun expression is obtained at the beginning of summer (December) coinciding with the breeding period. The relationship between immature adult from one year to the other shows a close relation. However, the variations observed during the same year are due to the recruit of the immature of the two offsprings that the rodent produces. When demand is greatly reduced from February to May, the palm fruit is an important nutricional help. But it has not been well defined quantitatively. The other members of the community of micro‐mammals show the same t...
Directionality of individual cone photoreceptors in the parafoveal region

The pointing direction of cone photoreceptors can be inferred from the Stiles-Crawford Effect of the First Kind (SCE-I) measurement. Healthy retinas have tightly packed cones with a SCE-I function peak either centered in the pupil or with a slight nasal bias. Various retinal pathologies can change the profile of the SCE-I function implying that the arrangement or the light capturing properties of the cone photoreceptors are affected. Measuring the SCE-I may reveal early signs of photoreceptor change before actual cell apoptosis occurs. In vivo retinal imaging with adaptive optics (AO) was used to measure the pointing direction of individual cones at eight retinal locations in four control human subjects. Retinal images were acquired by translating an aperture in the light delivery arm through 19 different locations across a subject's entrance pupil. Angular tuning properties of individual cones were calculated by fitting a Gaussian to the reflected intensity profile of each cone projected onto the pupil. Results were compared to those from an accepted psychophysical SCE-I measurement technique. The maximal difference in cone directionality of an ensemble of cones, ρ¯, between the major and minor axes of the Gaussian fit was 0.05 versus 0.29mm(-2) in one subject. All four subjects were found to have a mean nasal bias of 0.81mm with a standard deviation of ±0.30mm in the peak position at all retinal locations with mean ρ¯ value decreasing by 23% with increasing retinal eccentricity. Results show that cones in the parafoveal region converge towards the center of the pupillary aperture, confirming the anterior pointing alignment hypothesis.
Occlusal wear facets

Abstract This article reports the findings and conclusions of a study made by a group of dentists at the Virginia Commonwealth University. The data reported were obtained by studying a sample of 50 individuals who had no caries and no periodontal illnesses beyond mild gingivitis. Twenty-four per cent of the sample had maximum intercuspation agreeing with centric relation. Casts of the dentitions were mounted on articulators so that detailed studies of condyle-cusp relations could be made. Facets of wear were fewest in centrically related, occlusally organized dentitions. The smallest number of facets of wear were found in dentitions which had canine and incisor contacts that uncoupled the molars and premolars in the eccentric mandibular excursions. Certain conclusions were reached which are based partly on scientific fact and partly on clinical evidence and judgment.
An efficient gate delay model for VLSI design

Accurate estimation of gate delays is essential for timing-related CAD tools. CAD researchers tend to use Elmore delay model for estimating gate delays. Since Elmore delay model was primarily developed for estimating interconnection delay, when applied to gate delay estimation, there will be significant inaccuracy. In this paper, by embedding concepts of electronic theories into switch-level analysis, a simple and efficient delay model for gates of general types (such as NAND, NOR, and complex gates) is proposed. Experimental data show that the proposed gate delay model consistently achieves high accuracy (typically within around 2% of SPICE simulations).
Effect of xylitol on the functional properties of low-fat process cheese

Process cheese (PC) is a dairy food prepared by blending natural cheese, salt, emulsifying salts, and other dairy and nondairy ingredients, and heating with continuous agitation to produce a homogeneous product. Fat is a critical component of PC and plays an important role in its functional characteristics. The health concerns associated with fat consumption have led to an increase in the demand for low-fat dairy products. Reducing the fat content of PC results in poor functional properties such as increased hardness and reduced melt characteristics. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of xylitol on the functional properties of low-fat PC. Three different low-fat PC formulations were prepared with 0% (control), 2%, and 4% xylitol. All 3 PC formulations were formulated to contain 5% fat, and each treatment was manufactured in triplicate. Rheological characteristics including elastic modulus, viscous modulus, and temperature at Tanδ = 1 (melt temperature) were determined using dynamic stress rheometry (DSR). The DSR was carried out at a frequency of 1.5 Hz and stress levels of 400 Pa, using a temperature sweep from 20 to 90 °C. The hardness of the samples was determined by using texture profile analysis (TPA). Compositional analysis indicated that all treatments had similar fat, protein, and moisture contents. Elastic and viscous moduli results obtained with DSR showed a significant difference between 0% xylitol (control) and xylitol-containing treatments in the temperature range of 30 to 80 °C. The melt temperature was not significantly different between the 3 treatments. However, TPA demonstrated that the addition of xylitol significantly decreased the hardness of low-fat PC. Based on TPA and DSR data obtained in this study, we determined that xylitol addition improved the functional properties of low-fat PC.
EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS OF STEADY-STATE EQUILIBRIUM IN A GENERALIZED OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODEL

Galor and Ryder [Journal of Economic Theory 49 (1989), 360–375] establish conditions for the existence of equilibrium in a Diamond-type overlapping-generations (OLG) model. Although theoretically appealing, these conditions are implicit and not convenient to apply. This paper provides explicit and easily applied conditions for the existence and uniqueness of steady-state equilibrium, with which one only needs to check the first derivatives of the production and utility functions and their interactions, with no need to solve the optimization problem. Our theorems on the existence and uniqueness of steady-state equilibrium can be applied to a larger class of OLG models that do not require second-order differentiability of the production and utility functions. We present examples to show how to check the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium.
Accumulation of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 adduct formation with Keap1 over time: effects on potency for intracellular antioxidant defence induction

The COX (cyclo-oxygenase) pathway generates the reactive lipid electrophile 15d-PGJ2 (15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J2), which forms covalent protein adducts that modulate cell signalling pathways. It has been shown that this regulates important biological responses, including protection against oxidative stress, and supports the proposal that 15d-PGJ2 has pharmacological potential. Protective pathways activated by 15d-PGJ2 include those controlling the synthesis of the intracellular antioxidants GSH and the enzyme HO-1 (haem oxygenase-1). The induction of the synthesis of these intracellular antioxidants is, in large part, regulated by covalent modification of Keap1 (Kelchlike erythroid cell-derived protein with 'capn'collar homologyassociated protein 1) by the lipid and the subsequent activation of the EpRE (electrophile-response element). For the first time, we show that the potency of 15d-PGJ2 as a signalling molecule in endothelial cells is significantly enhanced by the accumulation of the covalent adduct with 15d-PGJ2 and endogenous Keap1 over the time of exposure to the prostaglandin. The consequence of this finding is that signalling initiated by electrophilic lipids differs from agonists that do not form covalent adducts with proteins because the constant generation of very lowconcentrations of 15d-PGJ2 can lead to induction of GSH or HO-1. In the course of these studies we also found that a substantial amount (97-99%) of exogenously added 15d-PGJ2 is inactivated in the medium and does not enter the cells to initiate cell signalling. In summary, we propose that the accumulation of covalent adduct formation with signalling proteins provides a mechanism through which endogenous intracellular formation of electrophilic lipids from COX can exert an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo.
Acquisition of Verb Categories

Abstract The paper was delivered as a commentary upon Michael Brent's presentation ‘Acquisition of subcategorization frames using aggregated evidence from local syntactic cues’ to the Penn Language Acquisition Conference, IRCS, University of Pennsylvania, 1992. It argues in support of using statistical techniques like Brent's to minimise the consequences of errors and misanalyses, but concludes that the case for believing that children acquire subcategorisation and other aspects of syntax on the basis of semantic and contextual cues remains strong.
A class of generalized variable penalty methods for nonlinear programming

A class of generalized variable penalty formulations for solving nonlinear programming problems is presented. The method poses a sequence of unconstrained optimization problems with mechanisms to control the quality of the approximation for the Hessian matrix, which is expressed in terms of the constraint functions and their first derivatives. The unconstrained problems are solved using a modified Newton's algorithm. The method is particularly applicable to solution techniques where an approximate analysis step has to be used (e.g., constraint approximations, etc.), which often results in the violation of the constraints. The generalized penalty formulation contains two floating parameters, which are used to meet the penalty requirements and to control the errors in the approximation of the Hessian matrix. A third parameter is used to vary the class of standard barrier or quasibarrier functions, forming a branch of the variable penalty formulation. Several possibilities for choosing such floating parameters are discussed. The numerical effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated on a relatively large set of test examples.
Specificity of facial expression labeling deficits in childhood psychopathology

Background: We examined whether face-emotion labeling deficits are illness-specific or an epiphenomenon of generalized impairment in pediatric psychiatric disorders involving mood and behavioral dysregulation. Method: Two hundred fifty-two youths (7–18 years old) completed child and adult facial expression recognition subtests from the Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy (DANVA) instrument. Forty-two participants had bipolar disorder (BD), 39 had severe mood dysregulation (SMD; i.e., chronic irritability, hyperarousal without manic episodes), 44 had anxiety and/or major depressive disorders (ANX/MDD), 35 had attention-deficit/hyperactivity and/or conduct disorder (ADHD/CD), and 92 were controls. Dependent measures were number of errors labeling happy, angry, sad, or fearful emotions. Results: BD and SMD patients made more errors than ANX/MDD, ADHD/CD, or controls when labeling adult or child emotional expressions. BD and SMD patients did not differ in their emotion-labeling deficits. Conclusions: Face-emotion labeling deficits differentiate BD and SMD patients from patients with ANX/MDD or ADHD/CD and controls. The extent to which such deficits cause vs. result from emotional dysregulation requires further study.
Impact of Concomitant Cardiovascular Surgeries at the Time of CF-LVAD Implantation: An INTERMACS Analysis

s S153 and cerebral bleeding rates, a newly developed titanium mesh covered inflow cannula introduced since September 2013. Initial clinical results suggested suppression of both stroke and cerebral bleeding rates within at least acute phase after LVAD implantation, when those complications with previous type (smooth surface) inflow cannulas were observed predominantly. Conclusion: The bridge to heart transplant mechanical circulatory support with EVAHEART LVAD achieved long-term survival without pump replacement as well as with relatively low rate of pump pocket infection, right heart failure, GI bleeding, and hemolysis. The suppression of stroke and cerebral bleeding rates with the newly developed inflow cannulas is expected.
Two-Body Problem with Drag and High Tangential Speeds

This paper considers the restricted two-body problem with atmospheric drag. A simple formula is presented that approximates the atmospheric density from raw data, replaces previous models, and is amenable to closed-form solution of the orbit equation for high tangential speeds. A procedure for subdividing an altitude interval and calculating the parameters of the formula over each subinterval leads to highly improved accuracy in the solutions and compares favorably with numerical integration. To validate our model we compare it with the trajectory and flight time of a satellite in an exponential atmosphere starting from a near-circular orbit at 7120 km from the Earth's center.
Insights into antibiotic resistance through metagenomic approaches

The consequences of bacterial infections have been curtailed by the introduction of a wide range of antibiotics. However, infections continue to be a leading cause of mortality, in part due to the evolution and acquisition of antibiotic-resistance genes. Antibiotic misuse and overprescription have created a driving force influencing the selection of resistance. Despite the problem of antibiotic resistance in infectious bacteria, little is known about the diversity, distribution and origins of resistance genes, especially for the unculturable majority of environmental bacteria. Functional and sequence-based metagenomics have been used for the discovery of novel resistance determinants and the improved understanding of antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in clinical and natural environments. This review discusses recent findings and future challenges in the study of antibiotic resistance through metagenomic approaches.
733: Mixed bacteria generate a differential intra-amniotic inflammatory response compared to infections with a single microbial species

inflammatory response compared to infections with a single microbial species Antonette Dulay, Catalin Buhimschi, Lydia Shook, Guomao Zhao, Mert Bahtiyar, Christian Pettker, Anna Sfakianaki, Heather Lipkind, Sonya Abdel-Razeq, Irina Buhimschi Yale University, Ob/Gyn & Reprod. Sci., New Haven, CT OBJECTIVE: Amniotic fluid (AF) TLR2 mediated innate immune signaling occurs following their engagement by Gram positive (GP), Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma spp. TLR4 recognizes Gram negative (GN) microbial ligands. Because cross-talk among TLR2 and TLR4 may generate a differential immune reaction, we explored in vivo and in vitro the intensity of an inflammatory response elicited by single vs mixed spp. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 133 preterm AF samples from amniocentesis in the following groups: single GN species (n 37, GA 26 3w), single GP (n 24, GA 26 3w), Mycoplasma or Ureaplasma (n 30, GA 26 4w), mixed TLR2 ligands (n 10, GA 26 2w), and mixed TLR2 and TLR4 ligands (n 32, GA 25 1w). IL6, TNF , IL8, and the anti-inflammatory IL10 were assessed by ELISA. Data was corrected for GA. A HEK293 Blue-4 cell line was used to address specific ligand effects with particular focus on TLR4 activation. HEK cells were incubated (n 5) with TLR4 (LPS), TLR2 (Lipoteichoic acid [LTA], Pam3Cys [PAM], Mycoplasma FSL-1) & mixed ligand groups (LPS PAM, LPS FSL-1, PAM LTA). RESULTS: In vivo, compared to all other possible combinations, single GN infections had the highest AF IL6, IL8, TNF and IL10 levels (P .001). There was no difference in the inflammatory response among various single TLR2 engaging spp. Conversely, mixed GPs augmented all cytokine responses at levels above single TLR2-engaging spp. (P .016). When GNs cohabitate in AF with GP microbes the cytokine response is above that elicited by single or mixed GPs but less than GNs alone (all P .05). In vitro, LPS induced the highest TLR4 activation (P .001), with the lowest response seen for FSL. LPS response was significantly dampened by PAM (12-fold decrease) and FSL-1 (10-fold decrease). LTA PAM gave a 2-fold increase in cell activation over either alone (all P .05). CONCLUSION: GN bacteria generate a robust AF inflammatory response, that could be either potentiated or dampened through their interaction with various GPs or Ureaplasma/Mycoplasma spp.
A novel iterative reconstruction algorithm for emission computed tomography

An iterative algebraic reconstruction algorithm for emission computed tomography is presented. This algorithm, called iterative filtered backprojection (IFBP), is related to the filtered backprojection (FBP) method and considers images obtained from FBP to be degraded images. Its aim is to reduce the bias and variance of FBP images without a large increase in computation. Simulations indicate that this method possesses advantages over FBP in terms of both image bias and variance. It also has advantages over the expectation maximization algorithm in terms of both computation and image bias. >
Financialization, Private Equity, and Employment Relations in the United States:

Private equity (PE) firms are a key actor in the increasing financialization of the economy since the 1980s and have had profound effects on the nature and consequences of work. Private Equity at Work by Eileen Appelbaum and Rosemary Batt provides a timely and comprehensive overview of what PE is, how it makes money, and how it affects the companies and employees it acquires. The book also evaluates PE’s role in the American economy and outlines a variety of strategies that are needed to address its negative consequences. The authors conclude that while PE benefits its investors, it often does so at the expense of the acquired companies and their workers as they eliminate and degrade jobs.
Outside-in Repair of Peripheral Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex Tears

Tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are common sources of ulnar-sided wrist pain within athletics that frequently go unrecognized or are diagnosed simply as wrist “sprains.” TFCC injuries vary along a wide spectrum based on acuity and location. Although degenerative tears are often associated with ulnar impaction and are usually best treated with debridement or joint leveling procedures, acute tears of the peripheral portion of the TFCC have been shown to have adequate blood supply and the potential to heal, analogous to the meniscus of the knee. Multiple open and arthroscopic TFCC repair techniques have been described with good results. The outside-in technique described here is most useful in cases of acute tears at the ulnar periphery of the TFCC (type IB), with isolated ulnar-sided wrist pain and no signs or symptoms of distal radioulnar joint instability.
Implementing mindfulness-based relapse prevention in diverse populations: challenges and future directions.

multidimensional change process of necessary quality, appropriateness and conditions (endogenous and exogenous), which is bounded (culture, place, time, etc.) and can be categorized into professional-based, tradition-based, mutual-help based (AA, NA, etc.), and self-help (“natural recovery”) models. There are no unique models or techniques used with substance users—of whatever types and heterogeneities—which aren’t also used with nonsubstance users. Whether or not a treatment technique is indicated or contraindicated, and its selection underpinnings (theory-based, empirically-based, “principle of faith-based, tradition-based, etc., continues to be a generic and key treatment issue. In the West, with the relatively
Protective Orders in Rural and Urban Areas A Multiple Perspective Study

This study is one of the first to examine the protective order process, barriers, and outcomes by combining qualitative and quantitative research in rural and urban areas. State statutes suggest the protective order process should be fair, consistent, and accessible to all women in the state. However, study results suggest that (a) the process of obtaining protective orders varies depending on community context; (b) although there are barriers to obtaining and enforcing protective orders regardless of geographic region, rural women appear to have more barriers; and (c) differences exist in victimization experiences, protective order stipulations, violations, and perceived effectiveness among rural and urban women.
Experimental Test of the Effects of Z–R Law Variations on Comparison of WSR-88D Rainfall Amounts with Surface Rain Gauge and Disdrometer Data

Abstract Reflectivity factors and rainfall rates found from Level II WSR-88D data for the National Weather Service (NWS) radar in Greer, South Carolina (KGSP), are compared with similar parameters found from disdrometer data collected at the Clemson Atmospheric Research Laboratory. These comparisons are used to determine experimentally the sensitivity of rainfall amounts found from the WSR-88D data to variations in the parameters A and b of the Z–R law (Z = ARb) that is used in analysis of the data. Analyses of data for nine storms in upstate South Carolina are described. These nine cases encompass a variety of rainfall types including stratiform rain, airmass thunderstorms, and strong cold front convective activity. It is found, after correction of the radar reflectivity factors for obvious calibration offset, that the rainfall depths found by radar are in good agreement with those found from the disdrometer when the NWS default values of A and b (A = 300, b = 1.4) are used. If the values of A and b foun...
Differences in sensitivity to EGFR inhibitors could be explained by described biochemical differences between oncogenic Ras mutants

Emerging data suggest different activating Ras mutants may have different biological behaviors. The most striking example may be in colon cancer, where activating KRAS mutations generally indicate a lack of benefit to treatment with EGFR inhibitors, although the activating KRAS G13D mutation appears to be an exception. As KRAS G13D generally shares the same biochemical defects as the other oncogenic KRAS mutants, a mechanism for differential sensitivity is not apparent. Here, a previously developed mathematical model of Ras mutant signaling is used to investigate this problem. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether differential response is consistent with known mechanisms of Ras signaling, and to determine if any known features of Ras mutants provide an explanation for differential sensitivity. Computational analysis of the mathematical model finds that differential response to upstream inhibition between cancers with different Ras mutants is indeed consistent with known mechanisms of Ras biology. Moreover, model analysis demonstrates that the subtle biochemical differences between G13D and G12D (and G12V) mutants are sufficient to enable differential response to upstream inhibition. Simulations suggest that wild-type Ras within the G13D mutant context is more effectively inhibited by upstream inhibitors than when it is in the G12D or G12V contexts. This difference is a consequence of an elevated Km for the G13D mutant. The identification of a single parameter that influences sensitivity is significant in that it suggests an approach to evaluate other, less common, Ras mutations for their anticipated response to upstream inhibition.
Modifying the Sugar Icing on the Transplantation Cake

As a transplant surgeon, my interest in glycobiology began through my research into ABO-incompatible allotransplantation, and grew when my goal became overcoming the shortage of organs from deceased human donors by the transplantation of pig organs into patients with terminal organ failure (xenotransplantation/cross-species transplantation). The major target for human "natural" (preformed) anti-pig antibodies is galactose-α(1,3)-galactose (the "Gal" epitope), which is expressed on many pig cells, including the vascular endothelium. The binding of human IgM and IgG antibodies to Gal antigens initiates the process of hyperacute rejection, resulting in destruction of the pig graft within minutes or hours. This major barrier has been overcome by the production of pigs in which the gene for the enzyme α(1,3)-galactosyltransferase (GT) has been deleted by genetic engineering, resulting in GT knockout (GTKO) pigs. The two other known carbohydrate antigenic targets on pig cells for human anti-pig antibodies are (i) the product of the cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene, i.e., N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and (ii) the product of the β1,4 N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase gene, i.e., the Sd(a) antigen. Expression of these two has also been deleted in pigs. These genetic manipulations, together with others directed to overcoming primate complement and coagulation activation (the latter of which also relates to glycobiology) have contributed to the prolongation of pig graft survival in nonhuman primate recipients to many months rather than a few minutes. Clinical trials of the transplantation of pig cells are already underway and transplantation of pig organs may be expected within the relatively near future.
A simplified sampling technique for studying radio-isotope labelling of cells in culture.

SummaryA simplified technique for studying the uptake of radio-isotope labelled precursors in normal and neoplastic cells in tissue culture is described. It makes use of the fact that uniform discs can be cut from the cell-covered bottom of plastic tissue culture dishes with a modified cutting tool. The discs may then be counted directly in an automatic gas flow isotope counter or mounted on glass slides and coated with photographic emulsion for high resolution autoradiography or stained by a variety of cytological procedures. Rapidity and simplicity of handling as well as reproducibility of samples are distinct advantages.
Modeling the spinal pudendo-vesical reflex for bladder control by pudendal afferent stimulation

Electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve (PN) is a promising approach to restore continence and micturition following bladder dysfunction resulting from neurological disease or injury. Although the pudendo-vesical reflex and its physiological properties are well established, there is limited understanding of the specific neural mechanisms that mediate this reflex. We sought to develop a computational model of the spinal neural network that governs the reflex bladder response to PN stimulation. We implemented and validated a neural network architecture based on previous neuroanatomical and electrophysiological studies. Using synaptically-connected integrate and fire model neurons, we created a network model with realistic spiking behavior. The model produced expected sacral parasympathetic nucleus (SPN) neuron firing rates from prescribed neural inputs and predicted bladder activation and inhibition with different frequencies of pudendal afferent stimulation. In addition, the model matched experimental results from previous studies of temporal patterns of pudendal afferent stimulation and selective pharmacological blockade of inhibitory neurons. The frequency- and pattern-dependent effects of pudendal afferent stimulation were determined by changes in firing rate of spinal interneurons, suggesting that neural network interactions at the lumbosacral level can mediate the bladder response to different frequencies or temporal patterns of pudendal afferent stimulation. Further, the anatomical structure of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons in the network model was necessary and sufficient to reproduce the critical features of the pudendo-vesical reflex, and this model may prove useful to guide development of novel, more effective electrical stimulation techniques for bladder control.
Results of monitoring of microorganisms in drinking water in Wuhua County From 2011 to 2012

Objective To understand the hygienic condition of drinking water in Wuhua County village of microbial. Methods In 2011 ～ 2012 Wuhua county rural drinking water quality monitoring results. Results A survey of 16 towns in the county rural drinking wate. A total of 416 samples from 2011, The total qualified rate was 45.4%. A total of 392 samples from 2012,The total qualified rate was 36.0%.The qualified rate of drinking water,tap water,river water, groundwater,spring 2011 were 61.1%、55.6%、48.1%、46.9%、22.45%. The qualified rate of drinking water,tap water,river water,groundwater,spring 2012 were 57.1%、50.0%、47.1%、26.1%、9.30%. Conclusions 16 Wuhua County town of water are subject to different degrees of natural pollution and pollution,Poor quality. To drinking water safety in Wuhua County of the masses. We must strengthen the protection of existing water. Microbial serious exceed the standard of water quality.There exists the potential danger caused intestinal infectious diseases such as hepatitis,dysentery epidemic,Strengthen Supervision and Management[1]. Improving the status of rural drinking water. In order to ensure the broad masses of the people's drinking water safety and health.
Research on data preprocessing technology in web log mining

Data preprocessing is the basis of the whole process of data mining in web log mining.Because of the existence of cache in client server,in the past people can only gain the integrated accessed path and identify the transaction after path completion.An algorithm is proposed which is named session to transaction(STT) to gain the integrated accessed transaction according to topology structure of the web,which needn't use path completion technology.
Recent advances in the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Over the last few years, renewed interest in clinical trials for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia has been stimulated by both an increase in our understanding of the biology and immunology of the disorder, as well as the development of several new, unique, and effective chemotherapeutic agents. The most interesting of these compounds are the purine nucleosides: Fludarabine phosphate, 2'-deoxycoformycin (DCF), and 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CDA). Phase I and II clinical trials are under way in previously treated patients with advanced CLL evaluating fludarabine and DCF in combination with each other or with chlorambucil. A national Phase III trial is comparing several of the more promising of these combinations with standard therapy (e.g., chlorambucil) in previously untreated patients. We also have new data for developing a more precise staging system.
Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease and Periodontal Disease

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world’s leading cause of mortality, claiming over 17 million lives per year [1]. In the United States alone, over 800,000 individuals died from CVD in 2013, or about one-third of all deaths that year, making CVD the leading cause of death in the nation [2, 3]. Coronary heart disease accounts for just under half of CVD deaths, and with cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease, comprises the atherosclerotic vascular diseases (ASVD). The annual incidence of global ASVD mortality is expected to rise to an estimated 23.6 million deaths by the year 2030. As a comparison, ASVD annually accounts for more deaths in the United States than all forms of cancer combined [2]. However, progress is being made to moderate the high rate of ASVD mortality through risk reduction strategies and improvements in therapy.
Lifetime reproductive effort is equal between the sexes in seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus): dispelling the myth of the cheap male

In the evolution of sexual reproduction, the development of asymmetrical gametes (anisogamy) often leads to the characterisation that males invest less in reproduction than females. This view is founded on the fact that male investment in individual gametes (sperm) and in gonadal tissue is often less than that of females. While it may be true that within a single mating interaction the relative reproductive investment by males and females differs, over their respective lifetimes an evolutionary view predicts that total lifetime reproductive investment should be the same for both sexes. We tested this prediction by measuring total reproductive investment in reproducing adult male and female seed beetles. Since seed beetle adults are facultatively aphagous, not needing to feed or drink as adults, we could track the daily loss of biomass in the reproducing adults as a proxy for total lifetime investment in maintenance and reproduction. By the end of their lifetime there was not a significant difference in to...
Hyperacute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Analysis of Risk Factors, Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors, clinical manifestations and outcome of hyperacute or early acute graft-versus host disease (GVHD), defined as that occurring within 14 days after hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. Methods: A total of 815 consecutive patients transplanted at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1/1998 and 9/2002 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of 381 patients presenting with acute GVHD, 22% (n=83) had biopsy-proven hyperacute GVHD. Grade I GVHD occurred in 12% of these patients, grade II in 53%, grade III in 13% and grade IV in 22%. The proportion of grade II-IV GVHD in this group was significantly higher (88%) than in the 298 patients presenting with acute GVHD between days 15 and 100 (64%, p value 5) chemotherapy regimens before transplant. Age, disease status, GVHD prophylaxis, or stem cell source (BM vs peripheral HSC) were not associated with hyperacute GVHD. Overall mortality was significantly higher within 6 months post transplant for patients with hyperacute GVHD (HR=2.2, p value <0.001) compared to all other patients, or to patients developing acute GVHD after day 14 (HR=1.6, p = 0.009). GVHD-related death was also significantly higher (HR=2.3, p=0.007) in the hyperacute GVHD group. Conclusions: Hyperacute GVHD occurs in a substantial proportion of patients undersgoing HSC transplant, even prior to neutrophil engraftment. Skin involvement, grades 3–4 GVHD and a higher mortality are common features of this syndrome . Patients at high risk or with a diagnosis of hyperacute GVHD should be included in clinical studies whenever possible.
Using chiral tactoids as optical probes to study the aggregation behavior of chromonics.

Abstract Tactoids are nuclei of an orientationally ordered nematic phase that emerge upon cooling the isotropic phase. In addition to providing a natural setting for exploring chromonics under confinement, we show that tactoids can also serve as optical probes to delineate the role of temperature and concentration in the aggregation behavior of chromonics. For high concentrations, we observe the commonly reported elongated bipolar tactoids. As the concentration is lowered, breaking of achiral symmetry in the director configuration is observed with a predominance of twisted bipolar tactoids. On further reduction of concentration, a remarkable transformation of the director configuration occurs, wherein it conforms to a unique splay-minimizing configuration. Based on a simple model, we arrive at an interesting result that lower concentrations have longer aggregates at the same reduced temperature. Hence, the splay deformation that scales linearly with the aggregate length becomes prohibitive for lower concentrations and is relieved via twist and bend deformations in this unique configuration. Raman scattering measurements of the order parameters independently verify the trend in aggregate lengths and provide a physical picture of the nematic–biphasic transition.