cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Techniques for measuring the effects of nuclear power plants on local fish

The Applied Physics Laboratory and Fisheries Research Institute at the University of Washington have developed acoustic equipment and techniques that are now being used to help access the effects of coastal power plants on fish. The technique consists of acoustic assessment of fish abundance with a portable, towed assessment system and simultaneous measurement of the temperature at several depths in and around the thermal plume. When the acoustic-temperature measurements are used in conjunction with an acoustically directed sample fishing program, data on species composition can also be obtained.
Regional structure and tectonic history of the obliquely colliding Columbus foreland basin, offshore Trinidad and Venezuela

Abstract Cenozoic eastward migration of the Caribbean plate relative to the South American plate is recorded by an 1100-km-long Venezuela-Trinidad foreland basin which is oldest in western Venezuela (65–55 Ma), of intermediate age in eastern Venezuela (34–20 Ma) and youngest beneath the shelf and slope area of eastern offshore Trinidad (submarine Columbus basin, 15.0 Ma-Recent). In this study of the regional structure, fault families, and chronology of faulting and tectonic events affecting the hydrocarbon-rich Columbus foreland basin of eastern offshore Trinidad, we have integrated approximately 775 km of deep-penetration 2D seismic lines acquired by the 2004 Broadband Ocean-Land Investigations of Venezuela and the Antilles arc Region (BOLIVAR) survey, 325 km of vintage GULFREX seismic data collected by Gulf Oil Company in 1974, and published industry well data that can be tied to some of the seismic reflection lines. Top Cretaceous depth structure maps in the Columbus basin made from integration of all available seismic and well data define for the first time the elongate subsurface geometry of the 11–15 km thick and highly asymmetrical middle Miocene-Recent depocenter of the Columbus basin. The main depocenter located 150–200 km east of Trinidad and now the object of deepwater hydrocarbon exploration is completely filled by shelf and deepwater sediments derived mainly from the Orinoco delta. The submarine Darien ridge exhibits moderate (20–140 m) seafloor relief, forms the steep (12°–24°), northern structural boundary of the Columbus basin, and is known from industry wells to be composed of 0.5–4.5 km thick, folded and thrust-imbricated, hydrocarbon-bearing section of Cretaceous and early Tertiary limestones and clastic rocks. The eastern and southern boundaries of the basin are formed by the gently (1.7°–4.5°), northward-dipping Cretaceous–Paleogene passive margin of South America that is in turn underlain by Precambrian rocks of the Guyana shield. Interpretation of seismic sections tied to wells reveals the following fault chronology: (1) middle Miocene thrusting along the Darien ridge related to highly oblique convergence between the Caribbean plate and the passive margin of northern South America; continuing thrusting and transpression in an oblique foreland basin setting through the early Pleistocene; (2) early Pliocene-recent low-angle normal faults along the top of the Cretaceous passive margin; these faults were triggered by oversteepening related to formation of the downdip, structurally and bathymetrically deeper, and more seaward Columbus basin; large transfer faults with dominantly strike-slip displacements connect gravity-driven normal faults that cluster near the modern shelf-slope break and trend in the downslope direction; to the south no normal faults are present because the top Cretaceous horizon has not been oversteepened as it is adjacent to the foreland basin; (3) early Pliocene–Recent strike-slip faults parallel the trend of the Darien ridge and accommodate present-day plate motions.
Designing Lubricant-Impregnated Textured Surfaces to Resist Scale Formation

Scale formation is a widespread problem in industries and households—from scaling of cooking pots in ancient times to the plugging of pipelines in the modern age. Developing surfaces that have a low affinity to scale has been an area of great interest in the last decade. In this work, we demonstrate the anti-scaling properties of textured surfaces impregnated with a lubricant. Since scale deposition can be reduced by lowering the nucleation rate, which depends on the properties of the substrate, we optimize the design of the lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS) based on the surface tension of the lubricant and its spreading coefficient on the solid. Scale deposition experiments show that the nucleation rate on optimized LIS is reduced owing to their low surface energy and low density of nucleation sites. Mass gain measurements indicate that the optimized LIS perform 10 times better than uncoated smooth surfaces. This idea is extended to an engineering material like stainless steel and, along with low scale deposition, low adhesion of scale to LIS is also achieved.
The Haze Clears: Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke a Risk for Bladder Cancer

The association between the development of bladder cancer and smoking history has been well established: Inhalation of tobacco smoke is associated with intake of arylamines, which represent potent bladder carcinogens. However, the risk of bladder cancer in relation to second-hand smoke has remained
Developmental decrease in REM sleep: the shift to kainate receptor regulation

Abstract We found a shift in the responsiveness of pedunculopontine neurons from N-methyl- d -aspartic acid (NMDA) to kainic acid (KA) regulation around 15 days of age. While rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in humans decreases from 50 to 15% of sleep time between birth and the end of puberty, a similar decrease in the rat occurs from 10 to 30 days postnatally. Intracellularly recorded type II cholinergic PPN neurons, known to modulate waking and REM sleep, showed a gradual decrease in responsiveness to NMDA, and an increase in responsiveness to KA, during this period. Non-cholinergic PPN neurons did not show a developmental-dependent change in responsiveness. These results do not help explain if KA and NMDA control the developmental decrease in REM sleep, however, the data indicate that the shift at ∼15 days suggests that REM sleep becomes selectively modulated by KA receptors in the adult. Therefore, given development of appropriate compounds, KA receptor antagonism may become an effective treatment for disorders that manifest increased REM sleep drive and produce frequent nocturnal arousals and awakenings, e.g. schizophrenia, anxiety, insomnia, etc.
Entrepreneurial strategy v. accounting accuracy in ‘calculating’ capital and income

Both entrepreneurs and accountants ‘calculate’ capital and income but their procedures diverge. The paper examines this divergence and the respective calculational objectives of entrepreneurs and accountants in the business enterprise. For the entrepreneur, capital and income are ex ante calculational judgments of prospective income gain from strategic use of the enterprise’s capital goods. But the accountant must shun entrepreneurial judgments to ‘calculate’ the contemporary net market value of enterprise’s capital goods at a specified date. Hence, the accountant’s calculation of income is the net contemporary increase in the market value of the enterprise’s capital goods. These accounting calculations facilitate assessment of the success of an enterprise strategy. But critics assert that accounting practice ignores the need of external investor’s for accurate information on enterprise prospects. The paper concludes with a critique of accounting regulation and explores the feasibility and means of privatizing the entrepreneurial choice of accounting techniques.
High-resolution time-of-arrival determination using time-integrating channelized receivers

Acoustooptic channelized receivers employing incoherent, time-integrating detection are limited to a pulse time-of-arrival (TOA) resolution equal to the photodetector integration time. A novel method is shown for utilizing two synchronous channelizers to achieve fine-grain TOA resolution within an integration period. The addition of a third channelizer is shown to yield pulse width information.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Electron exchange polymers. XX. Preparation and polymerization of vinylbis(1‐ethoxyethyl)‐hydroquinone

The monomer vinylbis(1-ethoxyethyl)hydroquinone, [vinylhydroquinonebis(ethyl acetal)], was prepared by reacting bromohydroquinone with vinyl ethyl ether, α-chloroethyl ethyl ether being used as catalyst with great care to exclude moisture. The resulting bromohydroquinonebis(ethyl acetal) was subjected to lithium–bromine exchange followed by reaction with ethylene oxide. The resulting β-hydroxyethylhydroquinone bis(ethyl acetal) was dehydrated to the desired monomer over potassium hydroxide at 235°. The overall yield from bromohydroquinone to purified monomer averaged 42%. The monomer polymerized under radical or anionic initiation. Polymer produced under radical initiation showed (in most instances) an intrinsic viscosity in benzene of the order of 0.32 at 29.7°C. The polymer is readily cleaved by dilute methanolic hydrochloric acid to give a polyvinylhydroquinone. A polyvinylhydroquinone prepared under anionic initiation showed an intrinsic viscosity of 0.34 in 90% methanol at 29.7°C. The polymer showed redox properties.
Multichroic dual-polarization bolometric detectors for studies of the cosmic microwave background

We are developing multi-chroic antenna-coupled TES detectors for CMB polarimetry. Multi-chroic detectors in- crease the mapping speed per focal plane area and provide greater discrimination of polarized galactic foregrounds with no increase in weight or cryogenic cost. In each pixel, a silicon lens-coupled dual polarized sinuous antenna collects light over a two-octave frequency band. The antenna couples the broadband millimeter wave signal into microstrip transmission lines, and on-chip filter banks split the broadband signal into several frequency bands. Separate TES bolometers detect the power in each frequency band and linear polarization. We will describe the design and performance of these devices and present optical data taken with prototype pixels. Our measurements show beams with percent level ellipticity, percent level cross-polarization leakage, and partitioned bands using banks of 2, 3, and 7 filters. We will also describe the development of broadband anti-reflection coatings for the high dielectric constant lens. The broadband anti-reflection coating has approximately 100% bandwidth and no detectable loss at cryogenic temperature. Finally, we will describe an upgrade for the Polarbear CMB experiment and installation for the LiteBIRD CMB satellite experiment both of which have focal planes with kilo-pixel of these detectors to achieve unprecedented mapping speed.
Transparent Ceramic Scintillators for Gamma Spectroscopy and Radiography

Transparent ceramics combine the scintillation performance of single crystals with the ruggedness and processability of glass. We have developed a versatile, scaleable fabrication method, wherein nanoparticle feedstock is consolidated at temperatures well below melting to form inch-scale phase-pure transparent ceramics with optical scatter of α <0.1 cm-1. We have fabricated Cerium-doped Gadolinium Garnets with light yields of ~50,000 Ph/MeV and energy resolution of <5% at 662 keV. We have also developed methods to form sheets of the high-Z ceramic scintillator, Europium-doped Lutetium Oxide Bixbyite, producing ~75,000 Ph/MeV for radiographic imaging applications.
Cored Cathode for Stabilization of the dc Arc

The stability of the dc arc can be increased by the use of a cathode that is cored with a material containing an element of an ionization potential lower than carbon. An effective core material developed for spectrochemical analysis is a 1:2 mixture of BaCO3 or Li2CO3 and graphite powder. In the arc, the added element forms a stationary positive-ion cloud at the tip of the cathode and acts as a ballast to electron flow. Arc temperature is not lowered, as is frequently the case when a buffer is added to the anode. Current and voltage fluctuations and arc wandering are reduced, as indicated by recordings during sample consumption. Several hundred sample materials have been tested to determine the usefulness of the cored cathode.
Effectiveness of commercial reagents for heavy metal removal from water with new insights for future chelate designs

Toxic heavy metals in air, soil, and water are global problems that are a growing threat to the environment. To meet the federal and state guidelines for heavy metal discharge, companies often use chemical precipitation or chelating agents. In order to be competitive economically, many of these chelating ligands are simple, easy to obtain, and, generally offer weak bonding for heavy metals. Laboratory testing of three commercial reagents, trimercaptotriazine (TMT), Thio-Red potassium/sodium thiocarbonate (STC), and HMP-2000 sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDTC) has shown that the compounds were unable to reduce independent solutions containing 50.00 ppm of divalent cadmium, copper, iron, lead, or mercury to meet EPA standards. Additionally, the compounds displayed high leaching rates and in some cases decomposed to produce toxic substances. In contrast, the studies demonstrate that a recently reported sulfur-containing multidentate ligand is both safe and effective for the removal of these metals.
SPEEDES for distributed information enterprise modeling

The Air Force is developing a Distributed Information Enterprise Modeling and Simulation (DIEMS) framework under sponsorship of the High Performance Computer Modernization Office Common High Performance Computing Software Support Initiative (HPCMO/CHSSI). The DIEMS framework provides a design analysis environment for deployable distributed information management systems. DIEMS establishes the necessary analysis capability allowing developers to identify and mitigate programmatic risk early within the development cycle to allow successful deployment of the associated systems. The enterprise-modeling framework builds upon the Synchronous Parallel Environment for Emulation and Discrete-Event Simulation (SPEEDES) foundation. This simulation framework will utilize 'Challenge Problem' class resources to address more than five million information objects and hundreds of thousands of clients comprising the future information based force structure. The simulation framework will be capable of assessing deployment aspects such as security, quality of service, and fault tolerance. SPEEDES provides an ideal foundation to support simulation of distributed information systems on a multiprocessor platform. SPEEDES allows the simulation builder to perform optimistic parallel processing on high performance computers, networks of workstations, or combinations of networked computers and HPC platforms.© (2002) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Classical Biological Control of Nodding and Plumeless Thistles

Abstract Nodding (musk) thistle (Carduus thoermeri Weinmann in the Carduus nutans L. group) and plumeless thistle (Carduus acanthoides L.) are introduced noxious weeds of Eurasian origin. Both weeds are problematic in pastures, rangelands, and croplands and along state highways in many parts of the United States. The success of both species of thistles is largely due to their prolific seed production, seed longevity, competitive ability, and lack of natural enemies. Classical biological control of nodding thistle in Virginia has been achieved with three exotic thistle herbivores, Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). T. horridus also effectively controls plumeless thistle. These insect herbivores complement each other. Nodding thistle biological control is achieved in about 5–6 years in Virginia, Missouri, and Montana. In addition, a rust fungus (Puccinia carduorum Jacky) (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae) has been introduced and established for control of nodding thistle in Virginia. Development and reproduction of the three thistle herbivores are not adversely affected by the rust. The rust hastens plant senescence and reduces seed production. Control of plumeless thistle with R. conicus and T. horridus takes approximately twice as long as control of nodding thistle.
The Lead/Liquid Argon Shower Counter Systems of the Spear Mark II Detector

The electromagnetic shower detection system of the Mark II Magnetic Detector consists of ten large lead/liquid argon modules. Eight of these, termed "barrel" modules, are placed outside the aluminum coil which defines the magnetic field volume of the device. The other two, the "end-cap" modules are placed at the ends of the solenoid. The design and construction of the lead assemblies, the tank structure and the cryogenic system will be described, as will the data acquisition electronics. Preliminary results on the performance of the first barrel module will be presented.
Use (and Misuse) of the Responsible Drinking Message in Public Health and Alcohol Advertising: A Review:

The objective is to present a comparative analysis examining the alcohol industry’s and scholarly researchers’ use of the concept “responsible drinking.” Electronic databases associated with health, education, sociology, psychology, and medicine were the date sources. Results were limited to English, peer-reviewed articles and commentaries specifically addressing “responsible drinking.” Search descriptors included responsible, responsibility, drinking, alcohol, brewer, and campaign. Eighteen articles constituted the final sample. The matrix method was utilized to organize and abstract pertinent information. Misunderstanding stemming from the inconsistency and counterintuitive nature of brewer-sponsored “responsible drinking” campaigns is further compounded by researchers’ use of the term and concept of “responsible drinking” in their scholarly reports. In articulating the definition of “responsible drinking,” researchers employ subjective notions and personal ideas, thus not differentiating the construct’...
A hetero-Diels-Alder approach to complex pyrones: an improved synthesis of the spongistatin AB spiroketal.

The conversion of a substituted dioxinone to a pyrone was used in an improved synthesis of the AB spiroketal subunit of the spongistatins. This transformation occurred via a hetero-Diels−Alder reaction of an acyl ketene with butyl vinyl ether. A double diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction is used to provide the hetero-Diels−Alder precursor.
Hysteroscopic tubal sterilization with the Essure nonincisional permanent contraception system.

The objective of this paper was to determine the safety effectiveness and tolerance of a new transcervical fallopian tube permanent contraception device the Essure microinsert. In a previous study histology of fallopian tubes of women who had worn the device for periods of 5-15 weeks demonstrated that the device was benignly incorporated into the fallopian tubes with a localized tissue reaction. Enrolled women requesting permanent contraception underwent hysteroscopic sterilization with Essure microinserts. Following successful device placement the women were instructed to use alternative contraception for 3 months after device placement and to have hysterosalpingography performed prior to discontinuing alternative contraception. Study subjects were seen at outpatient surgical facilities and physicians offices at investigational sites. Their ages ranged from 21-45 years and they had documented fertility. Hysteroscopy-directed placement of the Essure microinserts was performed under local anesthesia or analgesia or both. Of the 871 women who were involved 745 (85%) women were attempted. 603 out of 627 (96.2%) women with satisfactorily placed microinserts had bilateral occlusion at 3 months; 625 (99.5%) had bilateral occlusion at 6 months. 193 women have been relying on the Essure microinsert for more than a year. No pregnancies have occurred. The procedure was well tolerated by over 90% of the women; it averaged 13-18 minutes and resulted in tolerable or no postoperative discomfort. Local anesthesia and intravenous sedation were the anesthesia used for 92.9% of the patients. Favorable clinical results and marked patient satisfaction have been noted in this investigational study. Preliminary results suggest that the hysteroscopic tubal sterilization method with the Essure system offers promise as an alternative to presently used methods of permanent contraception. (authors)
Fire and Fuel Dynamics of Sierra Nevada Conifers

Abstract Fuel dynamics were studied in a mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada. Accretion rates showed no apparent differences between species, but decomposition and caloric content of the forest floor did vary by species. Prescribed burning of the forest floor with a headfire at 10% analog fuel moisture reduced fine fuel loads 60–70%, depending on species and the loading of heavier branch and twig fuels. Pine fuels can effectively be reduced by spring, summer or fall burning, but white fir and giant sequoia fuels require drier summer or fall conditions. The implications of fire management in these ecosystems are discussed.
The Direction of the Neutral Hydrogen Velocity in the Inner Heliosphere as a Possible Interstellar Magnetic Field Compass

We discuss the physical reasons that lead to the deflection of the interstellar neutral hydrogen flow from the direction of propagation of neutral helium in the inner heliosheath. On the basis of numerical simulations, the possibilities are investigated for deriving the orientation of the interstellar magnetic field as a function of the deflection angle.
Guilt and the Burden on Oncology Providers

Three extraordinary experiences of patient care are presented, and each represents a strong narrative of that emotional and sensitive part of care centering around the end of life and, ultimately, the death of a patient. These narratives in medicine reflect the human experience of oncology.
Black Skimmers Feed When Light Levels are Low

Abstract. Previous studies documented that Black Skimmers, Rynchops niger; tend to forage at night but did not examine which environmental variables explain nocturnal foraging. Foraging frequency and environmental variables were studied at a large breeding colony of skimmers on an urbanized barrier island on the west coast of Florida, USA. To determine which variables influenced foraging, the number of skimmers departing to forage was counted for 120, one-hour periods through the day and night from 30 May–29 August, 2007. Using generalized linear models, factors were most associated with skimmers departing to forage were identified. These models included: light level, temperature, wind, wind direction, relative humidity, tide height, tide stage (incoming, outgoing, or slack) and status of the colony (mostly eggs, chicks, or fledglings). Light level was the only factor to significantly influence the amount of foraging (Wald = 9.40, d.f. = 1, p = 0.002). The relationship was negative, as light levels decrea...
The use of an ‘adhesive contact medium’ (Hypafix) for split skin graft fixation: a 12-year review

Abstract Since the introduction in 1985 of the technique of graft fixation with Hypafix, the method has been adapted for use in burns of all sites and extent, and has proven to be effective in over 500 burn patients. The rechnique is versatile, safe, simple, reliable and inexpensive. More importantly, there is a significant improvement in cosmesis due to the earlier introduction of an ‘Adhesive Contact Media’, the blending of the graft at the edges, and the lack of skin bridges and shoulders. It has become an integral part of burn management at the Women's and Children's Hospital Burn Unit. Current scar management is based on the principles of: • . Excision of deep dermal burns about Day 7. • . Graft fixation with Hypafix. • . Continuing use of appropriate ‘contact media’. • . Continuing close supervision in a designated Burn Scar Clinic.
The nexus of cardiovascular disease and depression revisited: the complete mental health perspective and the moderating role of age and gender.

This study employs a measure of mental health as a complete state that combines information about an individual's mental illness (i.e., major depressive episode in the past 12 months) and subjective well-being (i.e., mental health) status to investigate its linkage with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data are from a representative sample of USA adults between the ages of 25 and 74 collected in 1995 (n = 3,032). About 12% of adults reported any CVD. Independent of mental health status, risk for any CVD increased with age and as education decreased, and the risk of any CVD was higher among males, married adults, and unemployed adults. The prevalence of any CVD was lowest in adults who were mentally healthy and higher among adults with major depressive episode, with minor depression, with languishing, and with moderate mental health. The relationship of CVD and mental health was moderated by age and sex; mental health status was associated with significant risk for any CVD primarily among females between the...
Entrepreneurial Megaproject Leadership, Innovation, and Accountability: Denver’s International Airport, T-REX, and FasTracks:

The Denver metropolitan region is a hub for multimodal transportation systems which support the growth and development of business, industry, government, travel, sports, entertainment and community infrastructure. Leaders in the region have had the vision to innovatively, entrepreneurially and accountably work on building three major megaprojects successfully in the last couple of decades, with significant work still developing.
Two AAA Family Peroxins, PpPex1p and PpPex6p, Interact with Each Other in an ATP-Dependent Manner and Are Associated with Different Subcellular Membranous Structures Distinct from Peroxisomes

Two peroxins of the AAA family, PpPex1p and PpPex6p, are required for peroxisome biogenesis in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Cells from the corresponding deletion strains (PpDpex1 and PpDpex6) contain only small vesicular remnants of peroxisomes, the bulk of peroxisomal matrix proteins is mislocalized to the cytosol, and these cells cannot grow in peroxisome-requiring media (J. A. Heyman, E. Monosov, and S. Subramani, J. Cell Biol. 127:1259‐1273, 1994; A. P. Spong and S. Subramani, J. Cell Biol. 123:535‐548, 1993). We demonstrate that PpPex1p and PpPex6p interact in an ATP-dependent manner. Genetically, the interaction was observed in a suppressor screen with a strain harboring a temperature-sensitive allele of PpPEX1 and in the yeast two-hybrid system. Biochemially, these proteins were coimmunoprecipitated with antibodies raised against either of the proteins, but only in the presence of ATP. The protein complex formed under these conditions was 320 to 400 kDa in size, consistent with the formation of a heterodimeric PpPex1p-PpPex6p complex. Subcellular fractionation revealed PpPex1p and PpPex6p to be predominantly associated with membranous subcellular structures distinct from peroxisomes. Based on their behavior in subcellular fractionation experiments including flotation gradients and on the fact that these structures are also present in a PpDpex3 strain in which no morphologically detectable peroxisomal remnants have been observed, we propose that these structures are small vesicles. The identification of vesicle-associated peroxins is novel and implies a role for these vesicles in peroxisome biogenesis. We discuss the possible role of the ATP-dependent interaction between PpPex1p and PpPex6p in regulating peroxisome biogenesis events.
Acomprehensive compact SCR model for CDM ESD circuit simulation

We have presented a comprehensive SCR compact model for CDM simulation. The work illustrated the useful and effective macromodeling approach of integrating the various industry standard models to describe the different devices imbedded in the SCR and treating the CDM-relevant operation states. In additional to the prediction of TLP results, the presented model demonstrates the effectiveness in analyzing CDM response of the I/O circuits and successfully explains why the input pins have lower CDM robustness than the output pins.
Studies of the Myristicaceae: an overview of the Compsoneura atopa complex, with descriptions of new species from Colombia

TheCompsoneura atopa complex (Myristicaceae) is a group of four narrowly distributed species known only from southern Panama and adjacent northwestern Colombia. As a group, these species are unmistakable in their combination of strongly brochidodromous secondary venation; ridged, rostrate, and ligneous fruit pericarp; and ferrugineous tomentum of sparsely to densely distributed, irregularly stellate trichomes on leaf lamina, petioles, young stems, inflorescences, external perianth surfaces, and external fruit pericarp.Compsoneura anoriensis andCompsoneura claroensis are described from the Rio Anori and Rio Magdalena valleys of Colombia, respectively. Descriptions and diagnostic keys are presented for all species in this group.
Performance prediction of distributed load balancing on multicomputer systems

Thispaperpresents aperformance evaluation approach to compare different distributed load balancing schemes on a unified basis. This approach is an integration of simulation, statistical and analytical models, and takes into account thefundamental system parameters that can possibly affect the pe~ormance. We show that all the sender+”nitiated distributed load balancing strategies can be modeled by a central server open queuing network. Furthermore, these load balancing strategies can be characterized by only two queuing parameters – the average execution queue length and the probability (hat a newly arrived task is executed locally or m“grated to another node. To capture the relatwn between these queuingparameters and various system parameters, a statistical analysis has been carried out on the empirical data obtained through simulation. The analytical queuing model is then used topredict the response time of a system with any combination of systemparameters. Experimental results are obtm”nedfor six dl~erent load balancing strategies. The proposed model provides pe~ormance results in a straightforward manner and can be beneficial to the system designers in assessing the system under varying conditions.
Constructing Public Relations as a Women’s Profession IN Russia / Construyendo las relaciones públicas como una profesión de mujeres en Rusia

This study examines how public relations can be understood, perceived, and ultimately constructed as a profession through professionals’ everyday discourses. The article explores what it means for public relations practitioners to be considered professionals in the field that is actively developing in many parts of the world. The goal was to expand the understanding of what constitutes the profession of public relations through a qualitative analysis of workcentered discourses of practitioners. The results demonstrated that, specifically in Russia, similar to many other countries, public relations is often seen as a profession that is better suited for women than men due to historical, socio-economic, and societal factors as well as due to pre-conceived notions about public relations. This study contributes to a new theoretical understanding of public relations as a socially constructed profession and demonstrates how construction of this profession can both propel and slow down the development of the
Characterization of peptides bound to the class I MHC molecule HLA-A2.1 by mass spectrometry

Antigens recognized by T cells are expressed as peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Microcapillary high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was used to fractionate and sequence subpicomolar amounts of peptides isolated from the MHC molecule HLA-A2.1. Of 200 different species quantitated, eight were sequenced and four were found in cellular proteins. All were nine residues long and shared a distinct structural motif. The sensitivity and speed of this approach should enhance the analysis of peptides from small quantities of virally infected and transformed cells as well as those associated with autoimmune disease states.
Human level cognition in embodied robots

The facts and fiction of robots with human capabilities are reviewed. Theories of brain and mind are discussed. The theories considered suggest that an artificial system that seems intelligent must have many of the characteristics of the human body, so that it can experience the world as humans do. Such robots, with neural nets for brains, are discussed.
Structures, Mechanisms, and Kinetics of Selective Ammoxidation and Oxidation of Propane over Multi-metal Oxide Catalysts

In order to determine the chemical mechanism for the (amm)oxidation of propane and propene on multi-metal oxide (MMO) catalysts, we have carried out quantum mechanical (QM) calculations for model reactions on small clusters that we have used to train the parameters for the ReaxFF reactive force field, which enables molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for reactions on the complex reconstructed surfaces of MMO. We report here insights from the QM on the reaction mechanisms of selective (amm)oxidation of propene on bismuth molybdate catalysts and the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane on vanadium oxide catalysts. We also report the application of ReaxFF to predict the stable surfaces of the M1 phases of the MoVTeNbO catalysts.
El papel del clevidipino en el tratamiento antihipertensivo: resultados clínicos

Resumen En la poblacion general adulta la prevalencia de la hipertension arterial es del 30 al 45%. Los anestesiologos se enfrentan con frecuencia a la tarea de mantener un control adecuado de la presion arterial perioperatoria. En elevaciones subitas de la misma su control preciso toma mayor importancia para la prevencion de compromiso de organos diana. Recientemente, clevidipino, un calcioantagonista de accion ultracorta ha sido aprobado por la FDA ( www.accessdata.fda.gov ) como estrategia para el tratamiento intravenoso (IV) de la hipertension arterial y por la y la Agencia Espanola de Medicamentos y Productos Sanitarios ( www.aemps.gob.es ) para la reduccion rapida de la presion arterial en el contexto perioperatorio. Se ha observado que este medicamento tiene un rapido inicio de accion, facil titulacion y ejerce un control preciso de la presion arterial. Ademas, es altamente efectivo como monoterapia y tiene una adecuada transicion a una terapia antihipertensiva oral. Para este articulo se realizo una busqueda de la literatura disponible en MEDLINE hasta febrero de 2014, utilizando como palabras claves hypertension y clevidipine con el fin de exponer las caracteristicas farmacocineticas y farmacodinamicas, y de igual forma los estudios clinicos que proveen evidencia del rapido y efectivo control de la presion arterial producido por el clevidipino, en especial en esos momentos en que el control preciso de esta es altamente relevante.
Increasing physician utilization of clinical information systems.

As technology advances, changes in the way in which medical data are stored and manipulated are inevitable. Patients may one day carry with them a complete medical record capable of being read and modified through inexpensive devices. Or physicians may have access to large health-information networks integrating hospital-based and ambulatory care. Rapid and efficient spoken communication between physician and computer may become practical. In any event, the provider interface will continue to be of crucial importance as a result of its potential to affect physician usage of information systems, and thus patient care. The availability of communication and storage devices radically different from today's will shape future systems. However, this paper has attempted to demonstrate that much can be done within the framework of existing technology to improve the quality and acceptability of physician-system interaction and to provide high-grade information services to the physician in order to enhance the process—and, ideally, the outcome—of the practice of medicine.
Indwelling Urinary Catheter Care Practices at Nursing Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders (NICHE) Hospital

Background/Objective: Indwelling urinary catheters (IUC) are among the most commonly used medical device in hospitalized patients, especially elders. CAUTIs account for 34% of all HAIs in the United States, causing excess morbidity and healthcare costs. NICHE is a national geriatric program that supports organizational capacity to provide age-sensitive care. The purpose of this study is to determine IUC care practices at NICHE hospitals and compare them with recently published evidence-based guidelines for CAUTI prevention.
Perceptions of college-level music performance majors teaching applied music lessons to young students:

The present study was designed to examine the reflections of college music performance majors (N = 12) who were teaching private music lessons. Students were instructed to keep a journal during one...
Reduced-complexity sequence estimation using state partitioning

A reduced-state sequence estimator (RSSE) for linear dispersive channels is described. The technique is based on partitioning the set of all channel states in a way that defines a trellis with fewer states. The new technique generalizes trellises that were previously obtained by Duel-Hallen and Heegard (1989) and Eyouboglu and Qureshi (1988). While the approach followed by Duel-Hallen results in powers of two-state trellises, the new technique generates trellises with an arbitrary number of states. Using the state partitioning approach one could also generalize the trellises obtained by Eyouboglu. Therefore, the approach described in this paper provides a better performance/complexity tradeoff.
Temporal Representations of Odors in an Olfactory Network

The responses of projection neurons in the antennal lobe of the locust brain (the functional analog of mitral‐tufted cells in the vertebrate olfactory bulb) to natural blends and simple odors were studied with multiple intra- and extracellular recordings in vivo. Individual odors evoked complex temporal response patterns in many neurons. These patterns differed across odors for a given neuron and across neurons for a given odor, but were stable for each neuron over repeated presentations (separated by seconds to minutes) of the same odor. The response of individual neurons to an odor was superimposed on an odorspecific coherent oscillatory population activity. Each neuron usually participated in the coherent oscillations during one or more specific epochs of the ensemble activity. These epochs of phase locking were reliable for each neuron over tens of repeated presentations of one odor. The timing of these epochs of synchronization differed across neurons and odors. Correlated activity of specific pairs of neurons, hence, generally occurred transiently during the population response, at times that were specific to these pairs and to the odor smelled. The field potential oscillations, therefore, fail to reveal a progressive transformation of the synchronized ensemble as the response to the odor unfolds. We propose that (1) odors are represented by spatially and temporally distributed ensembles of coherently firing neurons, and (2) the field potential oscillations that characterize odor responses in the olfactory system occur, at least in this animal, in parallel with a slower dynamic odor representation.
PrepMS: TOF MS data graphical preprocessing tool

Summary: We introduce a simple-to-use graphical tool that enables researchers to easily prepare time-of-flight mass spectrometry data for analysis. For ease of use, the graphical executable provides default parameter settings, experimentally determined to work well in most situations. These values, if desired, can be changed by the user. PrepMS is a stand-alone application made freely available (open source), and is under the General Public License (GPL). Its graphical user interface, default parameter settings, and display plots allow PrepMS to be used effectively for data preprocessing, peak detection and visual data quality assessment. Availability: Stand-alone executable files and Matlab toolbox are available for download at: http://sourceforge.net/projects/prepms Contact: ykarpi@mdanderson.org Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Recall of Risks Following Labor Epidural Analgesia

Abstract Study Objective: To ascertain patients' recall of the risks of labor epidural analgesia from a discussion of informed consent during active labor. Design: Survey analysis following an intervention. Setting: Labor and delivery unit of a tertiary-care teaching hospital. Patients: 101 ASA physical status I and II parturients in active labor. Interventions: Patients were given a standardized discussion of the risks of labor epidural analgesia. Measurements and Main Results: Within 24 hours of the informed consent discussion, patients were first asked to recall risks, and then asked to identify risks from a true and false list. Patients recalled 2.0 ± 1.3 risks (mean ± SD), with 12% recalling at least four risks, 37% recalling at least three risks, 66% recalling at least two risks, and 87% recalling at least one risk. There was no difference in level of recall between primiparas and multiparas, or in patients with mild and moderate pain scores versus those patients with severe pain scores. Conclusions: Recall of risks by parturients is similar to the recall of risks by other patients, and it does not appear to be affected by parity or the reported level of pain.
Alterations in the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus of Cerebellar Mutant Mice

The idea that the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCoN) contains a cerebellar-like microcircuit in its superficial layers was introduced several years ago (Lorente de No,’ 81; Osen and Mugnaini,’ 81). Support for this hypothesis comes from the fact that certain neuronal cell types residing in the superficial DCoN layers resemble those in the cerebellar cortex (Mugnaini et al.,’ 80a,b; Wouterlood et al.,’ 84; Wouterlood and Mugnaini,’ 84; Mugnaini,’ 85). Within this framework, our laboratory has been particularly interested in the so-called cartwheel neurons, originally termed globular or Type C cells by Lorente de No (’33,’ 79,’ 81). These neurons, with rounded cell bodies and extremely spiny dendrites that branch extensively in the molecular layer, are presumed to represent the equivalent of cerebellar Purkinje cells. The two cell populations derive from neighboring regions of the neuroepithelium at the rhombic lip, are generated during the same embryonic period (Miale and Sidman,’ 61; Altman and Das,’ 66; Taber-Pierce,’ 67; Martin and Rickets,’ 81; Willard and Martin,’ 86), and share several ultrastructural (Wouterlood and Mugnaini,’ 84) and neurochemical phenotypes (Mugnaini,’ 85; Mugnaini and Morgan,’ 87; Mugnaini et al.,’ 87; Saito et al.,’ 88; Mignery et al.,’ 89; Osen et al.,’ 90; and our unpublished observations using antisera to calbindin-28kD (Christakos et al.,’ 87), the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (Lohmann et al.,’ 81), and the G-substrate (Schlichter et al.,’ 78) (see Table I). Additional evidence militating for a direct lineage relationship between cartwheel and Purkinje cells would be the demonstration that both cell types are equally affected by different genetic mutations mapping to single loci of diverse chromosomes.
Delayed biomedical effects of the bombs

Forty years after the bombings, the studies of some effects on survivors are still inconclusive, and some other findings contradict prevalent notions.
Production of Fe3Al-Based Intermetallic Alloys

The melting of Fe 3 Al-based alloys at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and commercial vendors is described. The melting processes evaluated include arc melting, air-induction melting (AIM), vacuum-induction melting (VIM), vacuum-arc remelting (VAR), and electroslag remelting (ESR). The quality of the ingots studied are based on internal soundness and the surface finish obtained. The ingots were analyzed for impurity levels observed in the alloys by various melting processes. Recommendations are made for viable processes for commercial melting of these alloys.
Nutrition in space.

The biologic aspects of the space program have consistently taken second place to the engineering aspects. Only the determined efforts of academic biologists and physicians working with the space agency have permitted achievement of our successes in space. In the field of nutrition no one has worked with greater competence, determination and persuasiveness than the “first lady of American nutrition,” Dr. Doris Calloway. This is a superb summary of the nutritional component of our space effort given within the more general context of the biologic aspects of space flight.—Jean Mayer, Ph.D., Editor, Section on Clinical Nutrition.
Studies on Lactams. Part 80. Antipodal Forms of β‐Lactams via Stereospecific Reactions.

3,4-Disubstitued 1-aryl-2-azetidinones such as the compounds (I) -(III), which are possible precursors of various natural products, are prepared by enantiospecific synthesis.
Pentium(R) processor with MMX/sup TM/ technology performance

The Pentium(R) processor with MMX/sup TM/ technology enables new level of multimedia and communications performance and is the highest performing Pentium processor. This report provides test results of common benchmarks which illustrate the performance of the Pentium Processor with MMX technology on UNIX Processor, Multimedia, DOS/Windows Processor, and System Level Benchmarks.