cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Permian-Triassic Beacon Group of the Shackleton Glacier Area, Queen Maud Range, Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

Beacon Group sediments, consisting of approximately 1425 m of Permian-Triassic graywacke sandstones, siltstones, shales, and coals, are well exposed in the Shackleton Glacier area. The strata have a terrestrial origin and are subdivided into five formations. In ascending order, the formations are Pagoda Formation, Mackellar Formation, Mt. Butters Formation (new name), Buckley Formation, and Mt. Kenyon Formation (new name). Numerous Jurassic diabase sheets, individually as thick as 300 m, have an aggregate thickness about equal to that of the sedimentary section. The rock succession is similar to Beacon and diabase rocks in adjacent areas along 800 km of the Transantarctic Mountains and Gondwana rocks of other southern continents.
Adsorption on Carbon Nanotubes Studied Using Polarization-Modulated Infrared Reflection−Absorption Spectroscopy

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), deposited onto an Al substrate from a liquid suspension, have been cleaned by annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. The effects of exposing the sample in situ to atomic H (or D) and/or to dimethyl methylphosphonate [DMMP, (CH3O)2(CH3)PO] were then studied using polarization-modulated infrared reflection−absorption spectroscopy. Atomic H reacts preferentially near strained or defective regions in the nanotube wall to produce a spectrum consistent with alkane-like species (>CH2 and CH3). Only a small fraction of the >CC C(H)C(H)< species. For DMMP, data were obtained under steady-state conditions in reagent pressures in excess of half the room-temperature vapor pressure. Adsorption occurs via the PO group with a coverage that depends on the ambient pressure. Varying the DMMP coverage by changing the pressure causes changes in the spectrum that can be related to the strength of the DMMP/SW...
A Smart Start to Service-Learning

Once upon a time, just as winter was beginning to chill the air, a rabbit looked up at the birds in the sky with wonder. Birds, he thought enviously, can fly south for the winter and need not worry about starving or freezing to death. He discussed the situation with a bird who was perched on a nearby branch. “You are so lucky,” the rabbit said. “You don’t have to deal with winter. You can just follow the sunshine to a place where you can eat mangoes to your heart’s content!” “That’s because I fly,” said the bird. “Cool,” said the rabbit. “But how do you fly?” “I can give you theory,” the bird responded. “But implementation is your problem.” Many times higher education seems to bear an unfortunate philosophical resemblance to the rabbit in this opening tale. This chapter has no theory. It rests on the assumption that faculty members have been introduced to the benefits of service-learning for their teaching, student learning and personal growth, and the betterment of communities. It assumes that they, like the rabbit, want to learn the basics of implementation.
Twitter Trending Topic Classification

With the increasing popularity of microblogging sites, we are in the era of information explosion. As of June 2011, about 200 million tweets are being generated everyday. Although Twitter provides a list of most popular topics people tweet about known as Trending Topics in real time, it is often hard to understand what these trending topics are about. Therefore, it is important and necessary to classify these topics into general categories with high accuracy for better information retrieval. To address this problem, we classify Twitter Trending Topics into 18 general categories such as sports, politics, technology, etc. We experiment with 2 approaches for topic classification, (i) the well-known Bag-of-Words approach for text classification and (ii) network-based classification. In text-based classification method, we construct word vectors with trending topic definition and tweets, and the commonly used tf-idf weights are used to classify the topics using a Naive Bayes Multinomial classifier. In network-based classification method, we identify top 5 similar topics for a given topic based on the number of common influential users. The categories of the similar topics and the number of common influential users between the given topic and its similar topics are used to classify the given topic using a C5.0 decision tree learner. Experiments on a database of randomly selected 768 trending topics (over 18 classes) show that classification accuracy of up to 65% and 70% can be achieved using text-based and network-based classification modeling respectively.
Calculation of the Superconducting Transition Temperature

An explicit expression is derived for the superconducting transition temperature in an isotropic super-conductor. The calculation includes three improvements over previous work. Firstly, strong-coupling effects are included; secondly, both normal and umklapp contributions are evaluated in detail in calculating the electron-phonon interaction; and thirdly, a more realistic approximation to the lattice is obtained by including a Coulomb pseudopotential and correcting the jellium ionic plasma frequency with the use of the measured sound velocity. The theory is applied to the case of the lanthanum selenide system, in which one can vary the electron concentration independently of other material parameters and measure the superconducting transition temperature as a function of this variation. The theory accounts very well for the observed transition temperatures over the whole measured range from 1 to 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K.
Isotopic evidence of enhanced carbonate dissolution at a coal mine drainage site in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, USA

Stable isotopes were used to determine the sources and fate of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) in the circumneutral pH drainage from an abandoned bituminous coal mine in western Pennsylvania. The C isotope signatures of DIC (δ13CDIC) were intermediate between local carbonate and organic C sources, but were higher than those of contemporaneous Pennsylvanian age groundwaters in the region. This suggests a significant contribution of C enriched in 13C due to enhanced carbonate dissolution associated with the release of H2SO4 from pyrite oxidation. The Sr isotopic signature of the drainage was similar to other regional mine waters associated with the same coal seam and reflected contributions from limestone dissolution and cation exchange with clay minerals. The relatively high δ34SSO4 and δ18OSO4 isotopic signatures of the mine drainage and the presence of presumptive SO4-reducing bacteria suggest that SO4 reduction activity also contributes C depleted in 13C isotope to the total DIC pool. With distance downstream from the mine portal, C isotope signatures in the drainage increased, accompanied by decreased total DIC concentrations and increased pH. These data are consistent with H2SO4 dissolution of carbonate rocks, enhanced by cation exchange, and C release to the atmosphere via CO2 outgassing.
Muscle elastance and the force-velocity relation arise from a new model of muscle contraction

Striated muscle may be functionally described using a new analytical model that treats muscle as a time, length, and velocity dependent force generator. A single analytical function is able to describe a wide range of contractile phenomena, including isometric contractions, isotonic contractions, and transient behavior, as well as demonstrating a direct force-length relation for passive and active muscle, a direct relation between initial muscle length and amount of shortening, and an inverse relation between muscle load and shortening. Hill's famous force-velocity relation, typically embodied as the "contractile element" of lumped muscle models, arises from this equation without separate assumptions. A new description of muscle elastance also emerges by taking the derivative of muscle force with respect to length. Muscle dynamics develop from a single equation based on the formation and relaxation of crossbridge bonds within the muscle.
Biomechanical properties and patterns of injury in the human cervical spine

The nonlinear load-displacement response and strength of the mid- (C2-C5) and lower-cervical (C5-T1) regions of the spine were determined for combinations of sagittal loads in vitro. A multiaxial testing apparatus was designed and constructed for this purpose. In tests of nineteen segments, it was found that all specimens were more stiff in compression than in tension, and more stiff in posterior shear than in anterior shear. The mid-cervical region was more still in compression than the lower cervical region. In tests to failure, six of seven mid-cervical specimens failed from flexion alone, while combined compression-flexion was required to fail five of eight lower cervical specimens. Post-test dissections revealed no regional differences in patterns of failure. Data suggest that consideration of three regions of the cervical spine should facilitate the assessment of the risk and the diagnosis of injury. >
Hepatitis C virus versus innate and adaptive immune responses: a tale of coevolution and coexistence

Since the identification of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) 20 years ago, much progress has been made in our understanding of its life cycle and interaction with the host immune system. Much has been learned from HCV itself, which, via decades of coevolution, gained an intricate knowledge of host innate and adaptive immune responses and developed sophisticated ways to preempt, subvert, and antagonize them. This review discusses the clinical, virological, and immunological features of acute and chronic hepatitis C and the role of the immune response in spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV clearance.
ESD protection for broadband ICs (DC-20 GHz and beyond)

A proposal to design on-chip ESD protection networks as part of broadband microwave filters is presented. Simulation results show the viability of this approach in the presence of circuit parameter variations and non-ideal quality factors of on-chip elements. Illustrative examples are given for cutoff frequencies up to 20 GHz and beyond.
A distributed system for fast alignment of next-generation sequencing data

We developed a scalable distributed computing system using the Berkeley Open Interface for Network Computing (BOINC) to align next-generation sequencing (NGS) data quickly and accurately. NGS technology is emerging as a promising platform for gene expression analysis due to its high sensitivity compared to traditional genomic microarray technology. However, despite the benefits, NGS datasets can be prohibitively large, requiring significant computing resources to obtain sequence alignment results. Moreover, as the data and alignment algorithms become more prevalent, it will become necessary to examine the effect of the multitude of alignment parameters on various NGS systems. We validate the distributed software system by (1) computing simple timing results to show the speed-up gained by using multiple computers, (2) optimizing alignment parameters using simulated NGS data, and (3) computing NGS expression levels for a single biological sample using optimal parameters and comparing these expression levels to that of a microarray sample. Results indicate that the distributed alignment system achieves approximately a linear speed-up and correctly distributes sequence data to and gathers alignment results from multiple compute clients.
THE NORMAL UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL EXAMINATION IN THE FERRET

Upper gastrointestinal examinations were performed in 11 unsedated ferrets and 4 ferrets sedated with ketamine and diazepam. Each animal received a 8-13 mL/kg body weight dosage of barium liquid (30% weight:volume). Radiographs were made immediately and at 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min (mins) after the barium was administered. Gastric emptying began immediately. Mean total gastric emptying was longer in sedated ferrets (130 +/- 40 min versus 75 +/- 54 min); however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.18). Small intestinal transit time was less than 2 h in all ferrets. The barium-filled small bowel was best visualized on the 20- and 40-min radiographs and did not exceed 5-7 mm in width. Flocculation of barium in the small intestine and adherence of barium to the stomach mucosa was seen in almost all animals. The longitudinal colonic mucosal folds in the colon were well visualized in the normal upper gastrointestinal study and aided in distinguishing small intestine from large intestine. The use of ketamine and diazepam sedation did not significantly affect the parameters evaluated in the upper gastrointestinal study series.
Duality in fractional programming

Abstract : The paper develops theoretical and computational aspects of the dual problem in linear fractional programming. This is done on the basis of two alternative algorithms for the primal fractional programming problem, both of which were presented in earlier literature. Parametric programming is considered, and attention is given to infinitesimal as well as to discrete changes in the resource-vector. (Author)
Human tumor cells segregate into radiosensitivity groups that associate with ATM and TP53 status

We seek to determine whether cellular radiosensitivity in nineteen human colorectal tumor cell lines and three human glioblastoma tumor cell lines segregate into statistically distinct groups and whether such groups correlate with gene expression. We measure clonogenic survival in 22 cell lines that vary in radiosensitivity and in expression of selected genes: ATM, TP53, CDKN1A, 14-3-3sigma, Ki-ras and DNA mismatch repair genes. We describe and compare radiosensitivity in these cell lines by one-parameter or two parameter analysis. Radiosensitivity varies among and between colorectal tumor cell lines and glioblastoma cell lines. When compared directly using survival, or using two-parameter analysis of radiosensitivity, cell lines distribute into four statistically-significant radiosensitivity groups. These groups associate strongly with the status of two genes, ATM and TP53, but do not associate with CDKN1A, 14-3-3sigma, Ki-ras and DNA mismatch repair genes. Intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity of 22 colorectal and glioblastoma cell lines fall into four radiosensitivity groups that associate with expression of ATM and TP53. These analyses suggest multiple mechanisms underlay intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity.
Characterization of scalar mixing in dense gaseous jets using X-ray computed tomography

An experimental technique based on X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is used to characterize scalar mixing of a krypton jet with air at turbulent conditions. The high radiodensity of the krypton gas enables non-intrusive volumetric measurements of gas density and mixture composition based on spatial variations in X-ray attenuation. Comparisons of these measurements to both computational results from large-eddy simulations and data from previous experiments are presented, and the viability of this diagnostic technique is assessed. Important aspects of X-ray attenuation theory, XCT practice, and relevant error analysis are considered in data processing, and their impacts on the future development of this technique are discussed.
New and revised species of the aulacopleurid trilobite Maurotarion from the Lower Devonian (Pragian) of Nevada

Deep water silicified trilobite faunas occur in argillaceous limestones of the Lower Devonian (Pragian) Wenban Limestone in the Cortez Mountains, Eureka County, central Nevada, USA. Trilobites occur as a stratigraphic series of three low diversity assemblages, including the odontopleurids Nevadaprusia Adrain, Chatterton, and Kloc, 2008, and Kettneraspis Prantl and Přibyl, 1949, the phacopids Paciphacops Maksimova, 1972, and an unnamed new genus, undetermined dalmanitids, a tropidocoryphid, and the brachymetopid Mystrocephala Whittington, 1960. Aulacopleurids are common elements of all three assemblages and, unusually, are represented by multiple articulated silicified specimens, permitting a complete assessment of the holaspid morphology of some of the species. All belong to the genus Maurotarion Alberti, 1969, and new species are M. chrysion, M. fooi, and M. wenbanense. Maurotarion periergum (Haas, 1969) was described on the basis of a few fragmentary sclerites but is now represented by multiple articulated dorsal exoskeletons.
Review of Paul Davies’ Book: Cosmic Jackpot: Why Our Universe Is Just Right for Life

As I agree with Davies remarkable conclusions, despite our disagreements, his book is very worth reading in my most critical opinion. Remember, our felt tension returns value to science. You can find this book at Amazon: Cosmic Jackpot: Why Our Universe Is Just Right for Life .
Procedures for IUR Sampling

Chapter 6 emphasized the requirement that sampling of a three-dimensional structure with points, lines or planes be isotropic, uniform and random (IUR). Accomplishing this is not easy, and much of the thrust of recent stereological development has been to explore sampling strategies that provide such results. It is useful to summarize here just what IUR means (without recapitulating the detailed discussion in Chapter 6). Point probes do not have to be isotropic, because the points themselves have no direction. It is sufficient to disperse a set of points through the structure with an equal probability of sampling all regions (e.g., not points that are concentrated near one end or near the surface), and which are randomly placed with respect to the structure.
Levothyroxine improves subjective sleepiness in a euthyroid patient with narcolepsy without cataplexy.

Objective:We discuss the use of levothyroxine for excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and prolonged nocturnal sleep time in a euthyroid patient with narcolepsy.Methods:After failure of first-line na...
Abstract LB-162: Oxidative damage disrupts telomere integrity and leads to cell senescence

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Cellular DNA is organized into chromosomes and capped by a unique nucleoprotein structure, the telomere. Both oxidative stress and telomere shortening/dysfunction cause aging-related degenerative pathologies and increase cancer risk. However, a direct connection between oxidative damage to telomeric DNA, comprising less than one percent of the genome, and telomere dysfunction has not been established. By fusing the KillerRed chromophore with the telomere repeat binding factor 1, TRF1, we developed a novel approach to generate localized damage to telomere DNA and to monitor the real time damage response at the single telomere level. We found that DNA damage at long telomeres in U2OS cells is not repaired efficiently compared to DNA damage in non-telomeric regions of the same length in heterochromatin. Telomeric DNA damage shortens the average length of telomeres and leads to cell senescence and cell death in U2OS, HeLa, and IMR90 cells, when DNA damage at non-telomeric regions is undetectable. Telomere-specific damage induces chromosomal aberrations, including signal-free ends and sister-chromatid fusions, distinct from the damage induced by ionizing irradiation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that oxidative damage induces telomere dysfunction and underline the importance of maintaining telomere integrity upon oxidative damage. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Rong Tan, Luxi Sun, Ying Gao, Li Lan. Oxidative damage disrupts telomere integrity and leads to cell senescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-162. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-LB-162
Total Absorption in a Graphene Monolayer in the Optical Regime by Critical Coupling with a Photonic Crystal Guided Resonance

We numerically demonstrate total absorption in graphene in the near-infrared and visible wavelength ranges by means of critical coupling with guided resonances of a photonic crystal slab. In this wavelength range, there is no plasmonic response in undoped graphene, so the critical coupling is entirely controlled by the properties of the photonic crystal resonance. We discuss the general theory and conditions for absorption enhancement and critical coupling in a thin film and give design rules for a totally absorbing system. We present examples in the near-infrared and visible, using both a lossless metallic mirror and a realistic multilayer dielectric mirror.
The relation of the toxic dose of horse serum to the protective dose of atropin in anaphylaxis

This study was prompted by the publications of Auer and Lewis,2 and of Auer,3 which definitely demonstrated the prophylactic action of atropin sulphat in the asphyxia of immediate anaphylaxis. The results of these writers have been confirmed repeatedly.In our own studies we used guinea pigs averaging about 400 grams in weight and sensitized by subcutaneous administration of 0.05 c.c. horse serum. The atropin was injected intravenously five minutes before the toxic dose of horse serum which also was administered into the jugular vein.The study shows that as the toxic dose of horse serum is increased the protecting dose of atropin must also be increased, but the increase in protecting dose is not proportionate to that of the horse serum. The curve of protecting dose rises much more sharply than that of horse serum and finally a point is reached where the animal succumbs to the dose of atropin. A 400-gram guinea pig is killed almost instantly by a dose of 0.060 gram atropin.That the effect of the atropin is ...
Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Activity, Abundance, and Expression Throughout Human Development

Cytochrome P450s are oxidative metabolic enzymes that play critical roles in the biotransformation of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. The expression and activity of P450 enzymes varies considerably throughout human development; the deficit in our understanding of these dynamics limits our ability to predict environmental and pharmaceutical exposure effects. In an effort to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the ontogeny of P450 enzymes, we employed a multi-omic characterization of P450 transcript expression, protein abundance, and functional activity. Modified mechanism-based inhibitors of P450s were used as chemical probes for isolating active P450 proteoforms in human hepatic microsomes with developmental stages ranging from early gestation to late adult. High-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to identify and quantify probe-labeled P450s, allowing for a functional profile of P450 ontogeny. Total protein abundance profiles and P450 rRNA was also measured, and our results reveal life-stage–dependent variability in P450 expression, abundance, and activity throughout human development and frequent discordant relationships between expression and activity. We have significantly expanded the knowledge of P450 ontogeny, particularly at the level of individual P450 activity. We anticipate that these results will be useful for enabling predictive therapeutic dosing, and for avoiding potentially adverse and harmful reactions during maturation from both therapeutic drugs and environmental xenobiotics.
The Application of E-business in Distribution

The reason why distribution can creat value is that it can increase value in the process of material circulation. But it needs too much cost to make a displacement for the goods and meterials in this process, which reflects an such links as: placing, packoge, classification, combination, packing, freight, delivery and storage. So it is necessary to realize its modernization to lower the cost. To applicate the E-business is a great measure.
Tracking User Behavior with Google Analytics Events on an Academic Library Website

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of an academic library Web site is to serve as a portal to library-acquired content. Navigational design of a library Web site affects the user's ability to find and access content. At Albertsons Library, the goal of the navigational design of the Web site is to mimic user behavior on the Web site to help them access information and articles from over 300 different library vendors. Coordinating with different vendors makes tracking the navigational flow of user behavior difficult with the tool Google Analytics. Using the events feature in Google Analytics, the team responsible for Web design was able to track user flow, and was able to quantify how many users were actual “drop-offs” versus those that were clicks into library resources. Decisions made after acquiring these data resulted in a Web site with a 10 percent or less bounce rate, and decreased the number of clicks required for users accessing the library's content.
SUBCELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF RICKETTSIAL INVASION PROTEIN, INVA

To understand further the molecular basis of rickettsial host cell invasion, Rickettsia prowazekii invasion gene homolog (invA) has been characterized. Our previous experiments have shown that InvA is an Ap5A pyrophosphatase, a member of the Nudix hydrolase family, which is up-regulated during the internalization, early growth phase, and exit steps during rickettsial mammalian cell infection. In addition to the molecular characterization, subcellular localization of InvA was investigated. InvA-specific antibodies were raised in mice and used for immunoelectron microscopy. The generated antibodies were shown to recognize InvA and by immunogold labeling showed InvA in the cytoplasm of rickettsiae. A cytoplasmic location for InvA would allow for a rapid response to any internal substance and efficient functioning in hydrolysis of toxic metabolic by-products that are accumulated in the rickettsial cytoplasm during host cell invasion. Protecting bacteria from a hazardous environment could enhance their viability and allow them to remain metabolically active, which is a necessary step for the rickettsial obligate intracellular lifestyle.
Long-term follow-up of patients (Pts) treated with bendamustine (B) for lymphoid malignancies.

e14027Background: B is an effective treatment for CLL and relapsed/refractory NHL with an acceptable short-term toxicity profile. The long-term toxicities of B are less well established. This retro...
Unusual Presentation of IgD Lambda Multiple Myeloma with Femoral Head Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

IgD Multiple Myeloma accounts only for 2% of all Multiple Myeloma cases. It has been associated with various conditions and with complications involving many organs. The prognosis for IgD Multiple Myeloma is poor. This case report describes how a patient was diagnosed as IgD Lambda Multiple Myeloma complicated with left femoral head Amyloidosis. Initially, this 71 years old male patient presented with worsening left hip pain, reduced appetite, and weight loss for six months. Laboratory data showed chronic anemia, hypercalcemia, and acute renal failure. Bone marrow biopsy demonstrated sheets of plasma cells with abnormal nuclei. The initial routine serum immunofixation did not show any elevation of Immunoglobulins; and instead, noted decreased immunoglobulin level. Because of this unusual pattern of low Ig G, A, and M level, further work up on IgD investigation was pursued. Serum IgD workup showed a peak of 71 mg/dl and the urine immunofixation also demonstrated large amount of free monoclonal Lambda light chain. Finally, a left total hip arthroplasty was done. Congo Red stain of left femoral head biopsy revealed amyloidosis. This case illustrates association of IgD myeloma with amyloidosis. At the same time, it could easily be misdiagnosed as light chain disease if IgD abnormality was not carefully considered as a differential diagnosis. In addition, a concise review on IgD Multiple Myeloma is given.
Integrating Mussel Chemistry into a Bio-Based Polymer to Create Degradable Adhesives

Adhesives releasing carcinogenic formaldehyde are almost everywhere in our homes and offices. Most of these glues are permanent, preventing disassembly and recycling of the components. New materials are thus needed to bond and debond without releasing reactive pollutants. In order to develop the next generation of advanced adhesives we have turned to biology for inspiration. The bonding chemistry of mussel proteins was combined with preformed poly(lactic acid), a bio-based polymer, by utilizing side reactions of Sn(oct)2, to create catechol-containing copolymers. Structure–function studies revealed that bulk adhesion was comparable to that of several petroleum-based commercial glues. Bonds could then be degraded in a controlled fashion, separating substrates gradually using mild hydrolysis conditions. These results show that biomimetic design principles can bring about the next generation of adhesive materials. Such new copolymers may help replace permanent materials with renewable and degradable adhesive...
Can Information Decrease Political Polarization? Evidence From the U.S. Taxpayer Receipt:

Scholars, politicians, and laypeople alike bemoan the high level of political polarization in the United States, but little is known about how to bring the views of liberals and conservatives close...
“Double-Stick” Transsubclavian Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Use of a Balloon Expandable Valve: A Less Invasive Option for Alternative Access

Access options for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) currently include transfemoral, transaortic, transapical, transsubclavian, and other approaches. Transsubclavian access for balloon expandable valves is gaining popularity when transfemoral access is not suitable, given its peripheral access compared with central access. With the transsubclavian approach, second femoral or radial artery access is necessary for pigtail catheter placement. We describe a "double-stick" transsubclavian technique that eliminates secondary arterial access. With this technique, the transsubclavian approach can still be used in patients with advanced femoral disease, and it allows for rapid ambulation in most patients.
STEAM Around the World: Successfully Incorporating Hands-On Learning and Diversity into Children's Programming

ABSTRACTThe incorporation of Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) into library programming is a continuing trend in the United States. At the Mount Prospect Public Librar...
Considering Edison’s Predictions: Prevention as the Next Frontier for Psychiatry

The authors emphasize the importance of risk and protective factors and risk prediction models; analyze the growing evidence base for preventive interventions; and describe the concept of mental health promotion.
Mutually Repellant Sampling

This paper studies the following class of sampling problem: Let (D, || ||) be a metric space whose distance function || || satisfies the triangular equality. Let k be an integer. We would like to find a sample subset of k elements of D that are mutually far away from each other. We study three versions of the “farness” condition and give optimal or close to optimal polynomial-time approximation algorithms for constructing such good samples. Because all three definitions measure different aspects of how one sample element “repel” its close neighbors to be chosen in the sample, we call these sampling problems “mutually repellant sampling”. In applications, the metric space naturally models graphs or geometric domains. The definitions of farness are closed related with the condition that the k-sample best measures the “shape” of a graph or a geometric domain. Our results have applications in several graph partitioning algorithms and optimization heuristics. Furthermore, our algorithms are on-line in the sense that they do not have to know k in advance.
CRYSTAL FIELDS IN ACTINIDE INTERMETALLICS - PROSPECTS AND PROBLEMS*

In spite of the complications found in actinide (5f) systems, the results of optical spectroscopy on ionic 5f materials can be interpreted in terms of well-localized crystal-field states. From these studies we anticipate the electronic structure of lanthanide and actinide systems to be similar. Surprisingly, therefore, neutron inelastic experiments performed to date on metallic actinide systems have found no evidence for well-localized states. These experiments are discussed. On the other hand, neutron elastic experiments to measure the magnetization density show, particularly in the case of USb, that the ground-state free-ion wave functions are strongly modified by the crystal field. We suggest that the absence of discrete crystal-field excitations may be a result of strong interaction between the 5f and 6d electrons.
PKC and Breast Cancer

PKC expression is intimately associated with breast cancer initiation, progression, and therapy responsiveness, and these effects are highly isozyme-specific. PKC isozymes play key roles in proliferation and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and exert important modulatory roles in cell cycle progression. A close relationship exists between specific PKC isozymes and estrogen signaling.
The Khintchine Theorem and Characteristic Function Representability

In the standard consideration of the characteristic function, defined by the Fourier transform of the probability density, there arises the issue that not every complex function is a characteristic function since it must be derivable from a proper probability distribution. That is, the characteristic function is the Fourier transform of a function that is manifestly positive.
Tackling bovine TB.

I qualified as a veterinary surgeon in 1990 and have spent my time since then working as a farm animal vet in the central south of England. During this period I have seen the TB testing requirements for cattle on farms within our practice area change from adults only every four years to all animals every six months (with premovement testing required before an animal is sold if it has not undergone a routine test within the previous 60 days), and the anticipation of a clear test, with the identification of an inconclusive reactor being a noteworthy event, changing to the frequent identification of infected animals. I have therefore taken great interest in the government’s plans to eradicate bovine tuberculosis (bTB) and in the debate about whether culling badgers can have any meaningful role in achieving this aim. …
Nucleophilic addition of phosphorus(iii) derivatives to squaraines: colorimetric detection of transition metal-mediated or thermal reversion.

Nucleophilic addition of phosphorus(III) agents to the electrophilic core of intensely colored squaraine dyes gives a bleached zwitterionic adduct in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) at room temperature. The process can be reversed by adding specific transition metal complexes with high phosphorous(III) affinity.
A Search for N2+ in Spectra of Comet C/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang)

We report low- and high-resolution spectra of comet C/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang) from the McDonald Observatory. The comet has a well-developed ion tail including CO+, CO, CH+, and H2O+. We used our high-resolution spectra to search for N. None was detected, and we placed upper limits on N/CO+ of 5.4 × 10-4. N was detected in the low-resolution spectra, but we show that this emission was probably telluric in origin (if cometary, we derive N/CO+ = 5.5 × 10-3, still very low). We discuss the implications for the conditions in the early solar nebula of the nondetection of N. These depend on whether the H2O ice was deposited in the amorphous or crystalline form. If H2O was deposited in its crystalline form, the detection of CO+ but not N has implications for H2O/H2 in the early solar nebula.
On nonlinear boundary value problems in the discrete setting

ABSTRACTResults appearing in this paper can be used to establish the solvability of nonlinear discrete time systems subject to generalized nonlinear boundary conditions. Two separate sets of result...
Reciprocal cross-sensitization of D1 and D3 receptors following pharmacological stimulation in the hemiparkinsonian rat

In the majority of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, long-term dopamine (DA) replacement therapy leads to dyskinesia characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs). There are various mechanisms of dyskinesia, such as the sensitization of striatal DA D1 receptors (D1R) and upregulation of DA D3 receptors (D3R). These receptors interact physically and functionally in D1R-bearing medium spiny neurons to synergistically drive dyskinesia. However, the cross-receptor-mediated effects due to D1R-D3R cooperativity are still poorly understood. In pursuit of this, we examined whether or not pharmacological D1R or D3R stimulation sensitizes the dyskinetic response to the appositional agonist, a process known as cross-sensitization. First, we established D1R-D3R behavioral synergy in a cohort of 6-OHDA-lesioned female adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Then, in a new cohort, we tested for cross-sensitization in a between-subject design. Five groups received a sub-chronic regimen of either saline, the D1R agonist SKF38393 (1.0 mg/kg), or the D3R agonist PD128907 (0.3 mg/kg). For the final injection, each group received an acute injection of the other agonist. AIMs were monitored following each injection. Sub-chronic administration of both SKF38393 and PD128907 induced the development of dyskinesia. More importantly, cross-agonism tests revealed reciprocal cross-sensitization; chronic treatment with either SKF38393 or PD128907 induced sensitization to a single administration of the other agonist. This reciprocity was not marked by changes to either D1R or D3R striatal mRNA expression. The current study provides key behavioral data demonstrating the role of D3R in dyskinesia and provides behavioral evidence of D1R and D3R functional interactions.
Protection Coordination System for a Converter Dominated Standalone DC Microgrid

In this work, a reliable coordination system between fast protection devices and power electronic converters in a standalone DC microgrid is presented. The system is a standalone DC microgrid which is supplied by the distributed energy resources of an emulated wave energy converter and an energy storage unit. A system model that includes solid-state circuit breakers is developed in PLECS to analyze the steady-state operation as well as faulted conditions. Fault diagnosis and detection have been carried out in different segments of the system for both overcurrent and short-circuit faults. An effective protection coordination system is developed considering current limiting operation of power electronic converter during fault to ensure rapid fault isolation and continued power delivery to the healthy segments. The protection algorithm demonstrates reliable system operation and fault isolation during an event of overcurrent or short-circuit fault. Experimental results are presented to validate successful operation of the solid-state circuit breaker in a 380V DC system.
Hyperarousal Symptoms in Survivors of Cardiac Arrest Are Associated With 13 Month Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality.

Background Key dimensions of cardiac arrest-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms include reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal. It remains unknown which dimensions are most predictive of outcome. Purpose To determine which dimensions of cardiac arrest-induced PTSD are predictive of clinical outcome within 13 months posthospital discharge. Methods PTSD symptoms were assessed in survivors of cardiac arrest who were able to complete psychological screening measures at hospital discharge via the PTSD Checklist-Specific scale, which queries for 17 symptoms using five levels of severity. Responses on items for each symptom dimension of the four-factor numbing model (reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal) were converted to Z-scores and treated as continuous predictors. The combined primary endpoint was all-cause mortality (ACM) or major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; hospitalization for myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, emergency coronary revascularization, or urgent defibrillator/pacemaker placements) within 13 months postdischarge. Four bivariate Cox proportional hazards survival models evaluated associations between individual symptom dimensions and ACM/MACE. A multivariable model then evaluated whether significant bivariate predictors remained independent predictors of the primary outcome after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, premorbid psychiatric diagnoses, and initial cardiac rhythm. Results A total of 114 patients (59.6% men, 52.6% white, mean age: 54.6 ± 13 years) were included. In bivariate analyses, only hyperarousal was significantly associated with ACM/MACE. In a fully adjusted model, 1 standard deviation increase in hyperarousal symptoms corresponded to a two-times increased risk of experiencing ACM/MACE. Conclusions Greater level of hyperarousal symptoms was associated with a higher risk of ACM/MACE within 13 months postcardiac arrest. This initial evidence should be further investigated in a larger sample.
Opportunities for CD-ROM information services in Africa

In the more populous and wealthier region of Africa North Africa one library serves 26000 people while in sub-Saharan Africa this figure is 60000. Only 14% of all libraries (national libraries university libraries and special libraries) in Africa are likely users of CD-ROM technology. Most of these libraries (68%) are in North Africa. Extrapolation shows a minimum of 282 computers in North Africa and 135 computers in sub-Saharan Africa in these libraries. 65% of Africans surveyed by UNESCO in 1991 regarding their information needs have access to IBM-compatible personal computers (PCs). Indeed the number of PCs installed in Africa has grown considerably during the late 1980s. A 1990 AAAS survey showed that 16 out of 106 libraries have CD-ROM drives (9 university libraries 7 research libraries). The most frequently used CD-ROM database is MEDLINE followed by POPLINE which is produced by the Population Information Program (PIP). PIP has provided 60 CD-ROM drives to Africa where 71 POPLINE sites already exist in 27 countries. At least 200 maybe as many as 400-500 POPLINE sites exist throughout the developing world. Advantages of CD-ROM technology in Africa are: no need for telecommunication systems; limited on-site assistance needed; relatively easy to install and run; physical attributes suited for use in tropical environments; economical; and encourages end users to access information. Thus CD-ROM has the potential to solve various information problems facing Africa. Africa is a growing market for CD-ROM in Africa should be aware of several obstacles such as difficulties with indigenous human resources language barriers differing values of time nonverbal communication differences and economic constraints. In late 1992 and early 1993 several meetings on CD-ROM are scheduled in Ghana and Zimbabwe.
75-degree high-resolution wide-field OCT angiography enabled by self-tracking method

Wide-field OCT angiography (WF-OCTA) is challenging due to scanning speed limits and artifacts. A prototype with a graphic processing unit (GPU)-based self-tracking method was developed. High-resolution 75-degree WF-OCTA images were successfully acquired.
Metastability driven hierarchical microstructural engineering: Overview of mechanical properties of metastable complex concentrated alloys

Abstract Complex concentrated alloys (CCAs) extend the compositional paradigm shift of high entropy alloys (HEAs) to new microstructural opportunities. CCAs provide opportunities for tunable performance by manipulating deformation mechanisms. Fe–Mn–Co–Cr–Si alloys exhibit potential for a combination of phase transformation and twinning. These alloys give greater flexibility for tailoring transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) and twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP), which have guided design of next-generation steel alloys over the last 20 years to a new level. For TRIP CCAs, the ductility can be extended to as high as 50% while maintaining a strength exceeding 1 GPa. The Fe–Mn–Co–Cr–Si alloys show extensive γ (f.c.c.) to e (h.c.p.) phase transformation followed by additional twinning in the epsilon phase. Combination of ultrafine grained microstructure and crack tip transformation leads to enhanced fatigue limit in TRIP CCAs. Design of non-equiatomic CCAs provides a vast, and vastly unexplored compositional space for developing new alloys with tunable properties.
Evaluation of initial progress to implement Common Metrics across the NIH Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium.

Introduction: The Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Consortium, about 60 National Institutes of Health (NIH)-supported CTSA hubs at academic health care institutions nationwide, is charged with improving the clinical and translational research enterprise. Together with the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), the Consortium implemented Common Metrics and a shared performance improvement framework. Methods: Initial implementation across hubs was assessed using quantitative and qualitative methods over a 19-month period. The primary outcome was implementation of three Common Metrics and the performance improvement framework. Challenges and facilitators were elicited. Results: Among 59 hubs with data, all began implementing Common Metrics, but about one-third had completed all activities for three metrics within the study period. The vast majority of hubs computed metric results and undertook activities to understand performance. Differences in completion appeared in developing and carrying out performance improvement plans. Seven key factors affected progress: hub size and resources, hub prior experience with performance management, alignment of local context with needs of the Common Metrics implementation, hub authority in the local institutional structure, hub engagement (including CTSA Principal Investigator involvement), stakeholder engagement, and attending training and coaching. Conclusions: Implementing Common Metrics and performance improvement in a large network of research-focused organizations proved feasible but required substantial time and resources. Considerable heterogeneity across hubs in data systems, existing processes and personnel, organizational structures, and local priorities of home institutions created disparate experiences across hubs. Future metric-based performance management initiatives across heterogeneous local contexts should anticipate and account for these types of differences.
Updates on BES1/BZR1 Regulatory Networks Coordinating Plant Growth and Stress Responses.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play pivotal roles in the regulation of many dimensions of a plant's life. Hence, through extensive efforts from many research groups, BR signaling has emerged as one of the best-characterized plant signaling pathways. The key molecular players of BR signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus important for the regulation of plant growth and development are well-established. Recent data show that BRs also modulate plant responses to environmental stresses such as drought and pathogen infection. In this mini review, we present the recent progress in BR signaling specifically in the post-translational SUMO modification of BR's master regulators, BES1/BZR1. We also discuss recent findings on the crosstalk between BR, UV light, and jasmonic acid signaling pathways to balance growth during light stress and pathogen infections. Finally, we describe the current update on the molecular link between BR signaling and intracellular auxin transport that essential for plant development.
Libraries, Archives and Museums as Democratic Spaces in a Digital Age: edited by Ragnar Audunson, Herbjørn Andresen, Cicilie Fagerlid, Erik Henningsen, Hans-Christoph Hobohm, Henrik Jochumsen, Håkon Larsen, and Tonje Vold. Munich, Germany: De Gruyter Saur, 2020, 370 pp., $114.99, ISBN: 978-3-11-062954-5

The “Archives, Libraries, Museum-Field, Digitalization and the Public Sphere” or ALMPUB project was assembled to investigate how digitalization has affected libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs),...