cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Action of an irreversible acetylcholine esterase inhibitor, soman, on muscarinic hyperpolarization in cat bladder parasympathetic ganglia.

1. Intracellular recording techniques were used to examine the action of an irreversible acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor, soman, on the hyperpolarizations mediated through muscarinic cholinoceptors in cat bladder parasympathetic neurones. 2. Soman (0.1-10 microM) depressed the amplitude and prolonged the duration of the muscarinic slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential (s-i.p.s.p.) elicited by a preganglionic tetanus (40 Hz for 1 s) in the presence of mecamylamine (20 microM), phentolamine (1 microM) and caffeine (1 mM), in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of soman on the amplitude of the s-i.p.s.p. was partially reversible, while the effect on the duration was irreversible. 3. Soman hyperpolarized the membrane and decreased input resistance, but this effect could not account for soman-induced inhibition of the s-i.p.s.p. 4. Soman depressed the amplitude and prolonged the duration of a muscarinic hyperpolarization induced by pressure application of acetylcholine (ACh) in the presence of mecamylamine, phentolamine and caffeine. The time course of this effect paralleled that on the synaptically-evoked muscarinic s-i.p.s.p. 5. A reversible AChE inhibitor, pyridostigmine (10-100 microM), also depressed the amplitude and prolonged the duration of a muscarinic hyperpolarization induced by either preganglionic stimulation or ACh pressure application. These actions were reversible, and not accompanied by a significant change in membrane potential or input resistance. 6. The inhibitory action of soman (1 microM) on the muscarinic hyperpolarization was prevented by pyridostigmine (10 microM), but not by atropine (1 microM). 7. These results demonstrate that soman prolongs not only the muscarinic hyperpolarization, but also inhibits its amplitude through a postsynaptic action, probably through AChE inhibition, in cat bladder parasympathetic neurones.
Ca II K emission arches

Arch-like features are often seen in spectrograms of very strong lines near the solar limb when the slit crosses the chromospheric network. We show how earlier kinetic-equilibrium (non-LTE) calculations for Ca ii can be used to predict such features for the K line with two-component atmospheric models.
Chinese hamster ovary mutant UV-1 is hypomutable and defective in a postreplication recovery process

CHO-UV-1 is a mutant of the Chinese hamster cell CHO-K1 hypersensitive to killing by ultraviolet light but with normal resistance to X-ray. It is also hypersensitive to killing by ethyl methane sulfonate. Hybrid clones formed by fusing UV-1 and Chinese hamster lung cells display the normal ultraviolet resistance of the latter. The sensitive phenotype behaves, therefore, in a genetically recessive manner. Ultraviolet sensitivity of UV-1 is not associated with a deficiency in excision repair. Alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis of nascent DNA from ultraviolet-irradiated cells reveals that UV-1 is, however, markedly deficient in postreplication recovery. Further, UV-1 has a lower rate of induced mutation to 6-thioguanine resistance than does the parental cell when treated with ultraviolet light or ethyl methane sulfonate. These results suggest that the phenotype of UV-1 is due to a mutation in a form of postreplication recovery which in normal cells is error prone.
Tipping the Balance Scale? Rightward Momentum, Party Agency and Austrian Party Politics

Austrian mainstream parties perpetuated one of the longest standing grand coalition governments across Western Europe. Over at least two decades, the balance of power had shifted firmly toward the ideological right. The post-war Austrian party system has lacked viable centre parties and has failed to produce a green party on the scale of importance of those of many of its West European neighbours. It does not have workers parties apart from the mainstream Social Democratic Party of Austria (Sozialdemokratische Partei Osterreichs, SPO). The lack of depth or options for coalition-building on the political left in the Austrian party system has produced unique opportunities for coalition governments on the right in the early twenty-first century. Yet, Austrian parties on the right proved seemingly unable to capitalize upon such opportunities in order to entrench a right of centre bloc of power. Despite the break with grand coalition government in 1999 to form the coalition government between the Austrian Peop...
The role of the egg cortex in cephalopod development.

Abstract By the use of ligation and microbeam irradiation it has been possible to demonstrate the presence of a morphogenetic pattern of developmental information in the egg cortex of the cephalopod embryo. Centrifugation experiments and the normal ooplasmic segregation associated with blastodisc formation have suggested this to be independent of the position of the cytoplasm in cleavage of the early embryo. The relationship of this informational pattern and that of the yolk epithelium is briefly discussed. Speculation is offered as to the possible origin and type of this developmental information.
Early Childhood Programs: Multiple Perspectives on Quality

(1992). Early Childhood Programs: Multiple Perspectives on Quality. Childhood Education: Vol. 69, No. 2, pp. 66-71.
Five-Axis Manufacturing Simulation Based on Normal Arc Mapping and Offset Volume Computation

This paper presents a general manufacturing simulation method for 5-axis manufacturing processes including both numerical controlled (NC) machining and additive manufacturing (AM). The method is based on three major steps: (1) normal arc mapping that is general for computing critical curves, (2) computing the cutter swept volume (SCV) along a 5-axis tool paths based on the critical curves, and (3) computation of simulation results based on a set of sampling points from the cutter swept volume. The first two steps are discussed in details. Based on the properties of the envelop theory, we first present a normal arc mapping method that is general and intuitive. Accordingly the critical curves can be computed for any position and orientation of a tool on a 5-axis tool path. We test various tool shapes including three typical cutters in NC machining and a laser ellipsoid tool in Stereolithography apparatus (SLA). Based on the critical curves, the envelope surfaces of the cutter swept volume related to given tool motions can be determined. We compute a closed continuous surface to approximate the cutter swept volume. The approximation error in computed result has been analyzed. Finally we use a discrete representation, layered depth normal images (LDNIs), to convert a set of cutter swept volumes into a booleaned solid model. The discrete computation based on LDNIs enables us to compute the simulation result robustly and effectively. We demonstrate our method for both NC machining and additive manufacturing processes. Five-axis tool paths can also be given in both curves and surfaces. Various test cases have been presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our method.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
X ray diffraction study of heteroepitaxy of MOCVD grown TiO2 and VO2 films on sapphire single crystals

A four-circle diffractometry technique is used to determine the heteroepitaxial relations of VO 2 and TiO 2 thin films grown by an MOCVD technique on sapphire (0001) and (1120) surfaces. The use of a reflective geometry eliminates special sample preparation of the sample for the x-ray diffraction measurements. The distribution of epitaxial domains is found to depend strongly on the symmetry of the underlying substrate.
Divergent Roles in Arabidopsis thaliana Development and Defense of Two Homologous Genes, ABERRANT GROWTH AND DEATH2 and AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1, Encoding Novel Aminotransferases

The disease-resistant Arabidopsis thaliana aberrant growth and death2 (agd2-1) mutant has elevated levels of the defense signal salicylic acid (SA), altered leaf morphology, and mild dwarfism. AGD2 and its close homolog ALD1 (for AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1) encode aminotransferases that act on an overlapping set of amino acids in vitro. However, kinetic parameters indicate that AGD2 and ALD1 may drive the aminotransferase reaction in opposite directions. ALD1-deficient mutants have the opposite phenotypes from agd2-1, showing reduced SA production and increased disease susceptibility. Furthermore, ALD1 transcript levels are elevated in agd2-1 and are induced in the wild type by bacterial pathogen infection. ALD1 is responsible for some of the elevated SA content and a majority of the disease resistance and dwarfism of agd2-1. A complete knockout of AGD2 renders embryos inviable. We suggest that AGD2 synthesizes an important amino acid-derived molecule that promotes development and suppresses defenses, whereas ALD1 generates a related amino acid-derived molecule important for activating defense signaling.
Performance analysis and prototype filter design for perfect-reconstruction cosine-modulated filter banks with fixed-point implementation

Cosine modulated filter banks have gained popularity for their ability to provide perfect reconstruction (PR) while maintaining an efficient design and implementation. However, this effectiveness is hindered if the filter bank is implemented in the fixed-point domain where quantization, rounding, and overflow occur, and result in reconstruction errors. In this article we demonstrate how to maintain PR of the filter bank when implementing it in fixed-point number format with constant wordlength. We explore how the frequency selectivity of the analysis and synthesis filters changes from the floating point ones due to fixed-point errors and present new design criteria for filter banks that will be implemented in fixed-point number format.
Analysis of NREL Cold-Drink Vending Machines for Energy Savings

NREL Staff, as part of Sustainable NREL, an initiative to improve the overall energy and environmental performance of the lab, decided to control how its vending machines used energy. The cold-drink vending machines across the lab were analyzed for potential energy savings opportunities. This report gives the monitoring and the analysis of two energy conservation measures applied to the cold-drink vending machines at NREL.
A MEMS shunt switch on a dielectric membrane

This paper proposes a MEMS capacitance shunt switch based on a microwave transition from a coplanar waveguide on a dielectric membrane to a coplanar waveguide on silicon. Finite element electromagnetic simulations with HFSS show a maximum insertion loss of 1.25 dB and a maximum isolation of 60 dB for the MEMS switch.
Molecular Pathways: Radiation-Induced Cognitive Impairment

Each year, approximately 200,000 patients in the United States will receive partial- or whole-brain irradiation for the treatment of primary or metastatic brain cancer. Early and delayed radiation effects are transient and reversible with modern therapeutic standards; yet, late radiation effects (≥6 months postirradiation) remain a significant risk, resulting in progressive cognitive impairment. These risks include functional deficits in memory, attention, and executive function that severely affect the patient's quality of life. The mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cognitive impairment remain ill defined. Classically, radiation-induced alterations in vascular and neuroinflammatory glial cell clonogenic populations were hypothesized to be responsible for radiation-induced brain injury. Recently, preclinical studies have focused on the hippocampus, one of two sites of adult neurogenesis within the brain, which plays an important role in learning and memory. Radiation ablates hippocampal neurogenesis, alters neuronal function, and induces neuroinflammation. Neuronal stem cells implanted into the hippocampus prevent the decrease in neurogenesis and improve cognition after irradiation. Clinically prescribed drugs, including PPARα and PPARγ agonists, as well as RAS blockers, prevent radiation-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment independent of improved neurogenesis. Translating these exciting findings to the clinic offers the promise of improving the quality of life of brain tumor patients who receive radiotherapy.
Modeling, tracking and interactive animation of faces and heads//using input from video

We describe tools that use measurements from video for the extraction of facial modeling and animation parameters, head tracking, and real time interactive facial animation. These tools share common goals but rely on varying details of physical and geometric modeling and in their input measurement system. Accurate facial modeling involves fine details of geometry and muscle coarticulation. By coupling pixel by pixel measurements of surface motion to a physically based face model and a muscle control model, we have been able to obtain detailed spatio temporal records of both the displacement of each point on the facial surface and the muscle control required to produce the observed facial motion. We discuss the importance of this visually extracted representation in terms of realistic facial motion synthesis. A similar method that uses an ellipsoidal model of the head coupled with detailed estimates of visual motion allows accurate tracking of head motion in 3D. Additionally, by coupling sparse, fast visual measurements with our physically based model via an interpolation process, we have produced a real time interactive facial animation/mimicking system.
Value Iteration for (Switched) Homogeneous Systems

In this note, we prove that dynamic programming value iteration converges uniformly for discrete-time homogeneous systems and continuous-time switched homogeneous systems. For discrete-time homogeneous systems, rather than discounting the cost function (which exponentially decreases the weights of the cost of future actions), we show that such systems satisfy approximate dynamic programming conditions recently developed by Rantzer, which provides a uniform bound on the convergence rate of value iteration over a compact set. For continuous-time switched homogeneous system, we present a transformation that generates an equivalent discrete-time homogeneous system with an additional ldquosamplingrdquo input for which discrete-time value iteration is compatible, and we further show that the inclusion of homogeneous switching costs results in a continuous value function.
Single strand breakage and repair in eukaryotic DNA as assayed by S1 nuclease

A sensitive new approach for measuring the repair of single strand breaks in DNA induced by low doses of gamma irradiation was tested in cultured fibroblasts from Chinese hamster lung, human afflicted with ataxia telangiectasia or Fanconi's anemia and in normal cells of early and late passages. The assay is based on the increasing rate of strand separation of DNA duplexes in alkali for molecules with increasing numbers of single strand scissions. DNA strand separation is shown to follow the relation, in F = -(1/Mn - const) - tbeta where F is the proportion of double-stranded DNA, detected as S1 nuclease resistant, after alkaline denaturation time, t. Mn is the number-average molecular weight of DNA between single strand breaks. beta less than 1 is an empirically determined constant. The results suggest an increase in the number-average molecular weight between breaks, Mn, with increasing times for repair. The final level attained corresponds to the Mn of control DNA in unirradiated cells. As few as one break introduced into 109 daltons of single-stranded control cell DNA can be detected. The kinetics, requirements and sensitivities of this assay are described.
Codes of Fair Competition: The National Recovery Act, 1933-1935, and the Women’s Dress Manufacturing Industry

Controversial issues prevalent in today’s ready-to-wear apparel industry include the right of workers to join unions, the proliferation of sweatshops and sweatshop conditions, and design piracy. The idea of forming codes of conduct to establish criteria of ethical business practices is not new to the apparel industry. Indeed, the women’s dress manufacturing industry discussed and debated codes of fair competition under the New Deal Policies of the National Recovery Act (NRA) of 1933 to 1935. Primary sources for this study included governmental hearings in the establishment of the NRA Dress Code, The New York Times, Women’s Wear Daily, and the Journal of the Patent Office Society. The history of the NRA codes implemented in the U.S. women’s ready-to-wear apparel industry provides an important case study highlighting the difficulties and complexities of creating and achieving industry-wide standard practices through self-regulation. The failure of the NRA demonstrates that even with the joint cooperation of...
The potential of enhanced oil recovery

This paper presents results of a comprehensive analysis of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) potential in the United States for the rest of this century and beyond with respect to potential production rates and ultimate oil recovery. The analysis is based on a resource database consisting of over 2500 reservoirs with approximately 325 billion barrels of the original oil in place and considers two technology cases: a base economic case and an advanced technology case, both with variable oil price assumptions and discounted cash flow rate of return. The results are presented in graphical form and include EOR potential in the United States in terms of ultimate oil recovery and production rate to the year 2013 for each major EOR group of technologies and under varying economic and technological scenarios. The main conclusion of the study indicates that EOR could increase the current domestic crude reserves by approximately 40 per cent for the base case and nearly double the production rate for the implemented technology case.
Is Activity against “Atypical” Pathogens Necessary in the Treatment Protocols for Community-Acquired Pneumonia? Issues with Combination Therapy

The "atypical pathogens" reviewed include Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydophilia pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Urinary antigen tests are the most frequently used tests for Legionella species and show good specificity and reasonable sensitivity. For M. pneumoniae, detection of immunoglobulin M, used for the past decade, has substantially improved diagnostic specificity and has simplified testing. For C. pneumoniae, there is no consensus on a simplified test that can be commonly used, and the reported results, with the use of tests that have not been well validated for diagnostic accuracy, show great variation in prevalence. With regard to therapeutic trials, 3 meta-analyses have recently addressed the issue of clinical outcome with or without antibiotics directed against atypical pathogens (macrolides or fluoroquinolones vs. beta-lactam agents). These analyses have not been able to demonstrate any clinical benefit, except in a subset analysis of infections caused by L. pneumophila. Nevertheless, multiple studies from the 1950s and 1960s supported a clinical benefit of tetracycline or erythromycin treatment for infections caused by M. pneumoniae. The largest uncontrolled review of antibiotic treatment for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia demonstrated a clear benefit from the use of macrolides plus cephalosporins or fluoroquinolones, compared with the use of beta-lactams alone, although these data support a potential role for atypical agents, because other potential explanations make drawing conclusions difficult. With regard to future studies, it is noted that the standard of care in the United States, Canada, and some other countries is routine use of agents to treat infection with atypical pathogens, which makes the conduct of controlled trials to address these issues ethically difficult and practically impossible. Additional limitations are the difficulty in diagnostic testing for C. pneumoniae and the importance of rapid institution of therapy for patients severely ill enough to require hospitalization. These observations introduce substantial ethical and logistical barriers to studies of specific agents, except by retrospective analyses.
S4: small state and small stretch compact routing protocol for large static wireless networks

Routing protocols for large wireless networks must address the challenges of reliable packet delivery at increasingly large scales and with highly limited resources. Attempts to reduce routing state can result in undesirable worst-case routing performance, as measured by stretch, which is the ratio of the hop count of the selected path to that of the optimal path. We present a new routing protocol, Small State and Small Stretch (S4), which jointly minimizes the state and stretch. S4 uses a combination of beacon distance-vector-based global routing state and scoped distance-vector-based local routing state to achieve a worst-case stretch of 3 using O(√(N)) routing state per node in an N-node network. Its average routing stretch is close to 1. S4 further incorporates local failure recovery to achieve resilience to dynamic topology changes. We use multiple simulation environments to assess performance claims at scale and use experiments in a 42-node wireless sensor network testbed to evaluate performance under realistic RF and failure dynamics. The results show that S4 achieves scalability, efficiency, and resilience in a wide range of scenarios.
The Effect of Different Levels of Manganese and Different Amounts of Vitamin D in the Diet of Hens and of Pullets

Abstract MANGANESE was first recognized as an essential element in poultry nutrition by Wilgus and co-workers (1936, 1937). Almost simultaneously Lyons and Insko (1937) reported that the mineral was necessary for hatchability and for the prevention of nutritional chondrodystrophy. The literature on this subject is very ably reviewed by Wilgus, et al. (1939). This review pointed out that a manganese deficiency in poultry resulted in abnormal bone development (perosis), nutritional chondrodystrophy, ataxia, inferior growth, failure to maintain weight, lowered egg production, decreased hatchability, reduced egg-breaking strength and decreased egg-shell ash. The review also enumerated that there was a lower concentration of manganese in the egg, the embryo, the bones and certain organs of the body when a manganese deficient diet was fed. It appeared that the quantity of this mineral required by hens was from 40 to 50 parts per million. Golding, Schiable and Davidson (1940) studied the manganese requirements of . . .
Robust video transmission over binary symmetric channels with packet erasures

A video transmission system is presented based on the 3D SPIHT (set partitioning in hierarchical trees) algorithm for video compression and turbo codes for channel error protection. The channel considered is a binary symmetric channel with packet erasures, used for modeling the concatenation of a congested wired link followed by a noisy wireless hop. Unequal error protection with turbo codes is used to provide strong channel protection, with rate allocation performed by a Viterbi-based algorithm. The received video quality degrades gracefully in the presence of channel errors.
Developmental stage of oligodendrocytes determines their response to activated microglia in vitro.

Background: Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and mature oligodendrocytes are both lost in central nervous system injury and disease. Activated microglia may play a role in OPC and oligodendrocyte loss or replacement, but it is not clear how the responses of OPCs and oligodendrocytes to activated microglia differ. Methods: OPCs and microglia were isolated from rat cortex. OPCs were induced to differentiate into oligodendrocytes with thyroid hormone in defined medium. For selected experiments, microglia were added to OPC or oligodendrocyte cultures. Lipopolysaccharide was used to activate microglia and microglial activation was confirmed by TNFα ELISA. Cell survival was assessed with immunocytochemistry and cell counts. OPC proliferation and oligodendrocyte apoptosis were also assessed. Results: OPCs and oligodendrocytes displayed phenotypes representative of immature and mature oligodendrocytes, respectively. Activated microglia reduced OPC survival, but increased survival and reduced apoptosis of mature oligodendrocytes. Activated microglia also underwent cell death themselves. Conclusion: Activated microglia may have divergent effects on OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes, reducing OPC survival and increasing mature oligodendrocyte survival. This may be of importance because activated microglia are present in several disease states where both OPCs and mature oligodendrocytes are also reacting to injury. Activated microglia may simultaneously have deleterious and helpful effects on different cells after central nervous system injury.
Phenomenological Dimensions of Sensory Gating

Contemporary sensory gating definitions are generally tied to the perceptual and attentional phenomenology described by McGhie and Chapman, including abnormalities in the quality of sensory input, heightened awareness of background noises, and poor selective attention reported by individuals with schizophrenia. Despite these explicit phenomenological origins, little is known about the experiential phenomena underlying contemporary operationalizations of the sensory gating construct, such as whether the construct is restricted to experiences associated with the modulation of sensory percepts includes selective attention and distractibility or even whether the construct is accessible via self-report. Because clarification of these issues has important implications for the development and testing of psychological theories and the study of psychopathology, a series of studies was conducted to (a) empirically identify the major dimensions of sensory gating–like perceptual and attentional phenomenology in healthy young adults and (b) develop a psychometrically sound self-report rating scale to capture these dimensions, the Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI). Factor analyses of Likert items measuring a broad range of sensory gating–like subjective experiences revealed 1 primary factor that encompassed anomalies of perceptual modulation (eg, perceptions of heightened stimulus sensitivity and sensory inundation) and 3 other factors measuring disturbances in the processes of focal and radial attention as well as exacerbation of sensory gating–like anomalies by fatigue and stress. Psychometrically, the SGI demonstrated strong reliability and validity. An empirically based conceptual demarcation of the sensory gating construct is offered, and directions for future research are described.
Abstract 13: Novel Humanized Recombinant T Cell Receptor Ligand Protects Brain in Females after Experimental Stroke

Background: Recent evidence emphasizes the importance of T lymphocytes of differing subtypes in ischemic cell death mechanisms. RTL, composed of partial major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ClassIImolecules covalently bound to myelin peptides, is currently under clinical study for multiple sclerosis. We have shown that RTL is effective in male mice treated with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by inhibiting early accumulation of inflammatory cells. We now show for the first time that post-treatment improves functional outcomes and that efficacy is present in females. Methods: HLA-DR2 transgenic female mice (17-20g) were subjected to 60 min MCAO (isoflurane). Cortical laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was continuously monitored and only animals with LDF of below 40% of baseline during MCAO were included in study. Mice were treated with RTL1000 RTL 1000 (HLA-DR2 moiety linked to human MOG-35-55 peptide) (0.1mL, 1mg/mL sq) (RTL) or vehicle (VEH) at 3h, 24h, 48h, 72h after reperfusion. Mice were recovere...
Nonlinear propagation in birefringent fibers

It is well known that single-mode optical fibers are actually bimodal because of birefringence1 and that this birefringence can be a serious problem in communication technology. The problem is often avoided by using fibers whose birefringence is so high that it is possible to inject waves with a fixed polarization; however, the doping process by which these special fibers are created leads to higher losses than are present in the best low-loss fibers.
Susceptibility to mortality in weather extremes: effect modification by personal and small-area characteristics.

Background:Extremes of temperature have been associated with short-term increases in daily mortality. We identified subpopulations with increased susceptibility to dying during temperature extremes, based on personal demographics, small-area characteristics, and preexisting medical conditions.Method
The Management of Kienböck Disease: A Survey of the ASSH Membership.

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the current trends and common practices for the treatment of Kienbock disease at different stages. Question/Purpose To determine the current trends and common practices by hand surgeons for the treatment of Kienbock disease. Methods A survey with hypothetical Kienbock disease cases stratified by the Lichtman staging system was distributed to the American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) members. Questions and responses reflected common treatment strategies. Results Of a total of 375 worldwide respondents, preferred treatments of Kienbock disease were as follows: for Stage I disease, an initial trial of splinting was favored (74%), followed by radial shortening osteotomy for continued symptoms. For Stage II disease, 63% of surgeons preferred surgical intervention, particularly radial shortening osteotomy. For Stage IIIa with negative ulnar variance, 69% chose radial shortening osteotomy. Responses were heterogeneous for Stage IIIa Kienbock with positive variance, and capitate shortening osteotomy and vascularized bone grafting were preferred. Salvage procedures predominated for Stage IIIb disease, including proximal row carpectomy (PRC; 42%), intracarpal arthrodesis (21%), and total wrist fusion (10.7%). Similarly, Stage IV disease was treated by 87% of respondents by either PRC or wrist fusion. Without regard to stage of disease, 90% of participants reported using the same Lichtman staging to guide treatment and would also alter treatment strategy based upon ulnar variance. Conclusions Most respondents used Lichtman staging and ulnar variance to guide treatment decisions. Results indicate that the most common surgical treatments were radial shortening osteotomy for early disease and PRC in later stages. Level of Evidence Level IV, Economic/Decision Analysis
110 Characterization of human mesenchymal stem cell stress response following hypothermic storage

The investigation into, and subsequent development of, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) based technologies has grown exponentially as continued research has demonstrated numerous potential uses for these cells. These technologies range from in vivo modulation of innate hMSC to target and repair damaged tissue, to their removal and purification for treating diseases or creating in vitro engineered constructs on scaffold materials. Of particular concern when using hMSC as a cell therapy intervention is the ability to reliably store and deliver uniform functional cells. This in turn has become a limiting factor in the use and development of hMSC technologies as non-uniform sample variation impairs our understanding of downstream clinical efficacy. In an effort to improve hMSC storage protocols, this study focused on the analysis of hMSC stress response following hypothermic storage. Specifically the unfolded protein response (UPR) was examined as a mediator of post-storage response given its recent link to preservation failure in other cell systems. Further, the incorporation of two chemical agents (i.e. salubrinal and resveratrol) during storage was conducted to examine the effect of targeted modulation. The results of these investigations demonstrated a high level of cold sensitivity in hMSC, with storage in complete media or HBSS demonstrating appreciable losses in viability after 18 h and Source of funding: Funding Provided Through NIH Grant #: 1R43RR032140-01. Conflict of interest: None declared. wcorwin@cpsibiotech.com
Relation of the Lipids to Physiological Activity. Changes in Lipids of the Epidermis During Keratinization.

Bloor1 has shown relationships between physiological activity and the nature of the lipids in various tissues of the animal body. A high degree of activity is paralleled by a high phospholipid to cholesterol ratio. Since cells of the epidermis undergo a marked change in physiological activity during keratinization, we determined some of the lipids in epidermal cells before and after this process. The epidermis was separated from the cutis by digesting the skin, from which all subcutaneous fat had been removed, in cold 1% acetic acid. The completeness of the separation was confirmed by microscopic examination of sections of the skin. Several samples of epidermis were analyzed separately. Since it was impossible to obtain sufficiently large samples composed entirely of stratum germinativum, material containing considerable but varying quantities of this layer of active cells was scraped from the proximal surface of the epidermis and analyzed. Samples composed entirely of stratum corneum, trimmed from the so...
Commerce and Industry in Nineteenth Century Paraguay: The Example of Yerba Mate

Yerba mate, a primitive forest industry, demonstrates the interaction of private and state enterprise in nineteenth century Paraguay. A low capital investment industry based upon utilizing seasonal and unskilled labor, yerba mate was financed, collected, and sold by the private entrepreneur and the state. Demand for yerba in both internal and external markets assured satisfactory profits for businessmen, above average wages for laborers, and necessary revenues for government. As a major export of Paraguay from the end of the seventeenth century until the War of the Triple Alliance, The Great War of 1864-1870, yerba mate provides insight into government regulations, taxation, price controls, and foreign trade policies. Because of the significance of yerba mate for the Paraguayan economy, the state was involved in both production and trade, although government interest primarily assured revenues rather than state control. A description of the organization of the yerba mate industry and an analysis of government policies supports revisionist studies that the governments of Jose Gaspar de Francia, 1811-1840, Carlos Antonio Lopez, 1844-1862, and Francisco Solano Lopez, 1862-1870 were pragmatic and rational rather than dictatorial and monopolistic.
Evaluation of treatment in lupus nephritis: effects of prednisone.

Abstract Survival of patients with SLE and renal disease has improved in the past 25 yr. There are numerous variables in patients with SLE, and many factors are important in determining outcome. The precise role of any therapeutic regimen in improving survival is unproven. Patients with SLE with normal kidneys, with mesangial changes or with membranous glomerulonephropathy do well whatever treatment is used. Focal and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis has a poor prognosis without treatment. Prednisone treatment appears to have improved the survival, but it is probable that treatment with prednisone alone may be less effective than a regimen in which it is combined with cyclophosphamide or nitrogen mustard.
Nation, College, Wartime: Archaeology at a WWI Student Army Training Corps Camp at New Hampshire College

During World War I, the U.S. War Department contracted with 157 universities to form the National Army Training Detachments whose mission was to train college-age draftees in 66 critical army trades (subsequently the Student Army Training Corps). This program is an overlooked part of First World War history and has received little to no archaeological inquiry. This paper investigates the New Hampshire College camp. Working between documentary and archaeological materials, this paper explores how the interrelated duties of educational institutions, businesses, government, and individuals merged with an American wartime imagined community here but also how in their lived experiences of the camp, people materialized the complications of balancing citizenship, difference, duty, and nation. The social lives of the lower-rank men who inhabited these camps, the composite communities formed at them, and the impact of the government’s assertion of control over institutions of higher education all carry material ramifications that deserve further investigation.
Formal analysis of persuasive mHealth apps

Healthy living and wellness promoted by mobile devices have been steadily increasing. Persuasive technologies have provided a way to change behavior of the user for health living. In this work, we create a model that can be used for formal analysis of persuasive technologies delivered by mobile and wearable devices. The model formalizes a possible set of persuasive actions that lead to the intended goal of well being. As a proof-of-concept, the formalization evaluated on case study of smoking cessation.
Explicit solution to three-dimensional factor of safety of rotational symmetrical slope

The three-dimensional slope stability analyses are commonly too complex to be applied in practical engineering.By modifying the normal stresses over the slip surface without the consideration of the details of inter-column forces,the explicit limit equilibrium solution was derived to the three-dimensional factor of safety of the rotational symmetrical slope.The normal stresses were initially assumed based on the simple equilibrium condition and then multiplied by a modfication coeffcient to be determined.According to equilibrium conditions of vertical force and moment about the rotational axis,a quadratic equation in terms of the factor of safety was obtained,which directly yields the explicit solution to the three-dimensional factor of safety.Studies of examples demonstrate that the explicit solution to three-dimensional factor of safety of the slope is identical to the analytical solution and in approximately agreement with the results of methods of intercolomns.Thus,the explicit solution to three-dimensional slope stability obtained in this paper can be applied in practical engineering.
RT-PCR method for measuring enterovirus genotype of HFMD patients

Objective:To dectect the different enterovirus genotype in stool of patients with HFMD.Methods: The universal primer,EV71 and CA16 specific primers were used to exam stool of HFM patients in the PCR independently.Results: The enterovirus universal type was accounted for 74.52% in all specimen.Among them,EV71,CA16 and other genotype was respectively 57.27%,4.27% and 38.46%.EV71 caused all of the server and dead specimen,which was accounted for 11.94%.Conclusion: The EV71 was a dominant genotype about the HFMD patients with infection of enterovirus in Anyang area.
Modeling and Analysis of Generator Excitation System Parameters of Pushihe Pumped Storage Power Station

Excitation system modeling experiment Liaoning Pushihe hydropower,first pumped storage in northeast region,is introduced,through modeling and simulation verification of dynamic test and later the generator no-load condition,it improves performance of power system stability of the excitation system,and gets reliable practical parameter by using identification technology.
Security business intelligence (SBI) curriculum: blazing the trail

The vision for this project was to create an undergraduate, multi-disciplinary security business intelligence (SBI) curriculum aimed at preparing students for the future of security business intelligence in enterprises. Students will navigate through basic processes, life cycles and data gathering and analysis tools in alignment with SBI critical in an organizational setting. Learning for this course will be conducted through lectures, lab based homework assignments, examinations and a presentation project.
Recent Progress in Lunar Helium-3 Extraction Research

Research is ongoing to develop a prototype lunar volatiles extraction system that will demonstrate a process for acquiring helium-3 for future fusion power plants that would produce little to no radioactive waste, and other volatile gases that can be used for life support in space. The prototype system is called the Helium Extraction and Acquisition Test bed (HEAT). Testing of HEAT will focus on obtaining information on the rate of 3 He extraction possible and to what extent thermal energy recovery can be employed in this kind of volatile extraction system. Before demonstrating the evolution of 3 He out of regolith simulant, simulant that is embedded to a known concentration must be available in order to gauge the performance of HEAT. An implantation device is being developed to implant helium into batches of JSC-1A regolith simulant for HEAT. The implantation device under development is referred to as the Solar Wind Implanter (SWIM).
Detecting seasonal landslide movement within the Cascade landslide complex (Washington) using time-series SAR imagery.

Abstract Detection of slow or limited landslide movement within broad areas of forested terrain has long been problematic, particularly for the Cascade landslide complex (Washington) located along the Columbia River Gorge. Although parts of the landslide complex have been found reactivated in recent years, the timing and magnitude of motion have not been systematically monitored or interpreted. Here we apply novel time-series strategies to study the spatial distribution and temporal behavior of the landslide movement between 2007 and 2011 using InSAR images from two overlapping L-band ALOS PALSAR-1 satellite tracks. Our results show that the reactivated part has moved approximately 700 mm downslope during the 4-year observation period, while other parts of the landslide complex have generally remained stable. However, we also detect about 300 mm of seasonal downslope creep in a terrain block upslope of the Cascade landslide complex—terrain previously thought to be stable. The temporal oscillation of the seasonal movement can be correlated with precipitation, implying that seasonal movement here is hydrology-driven. The seasonal movement also has a frequency similar to GPS-derived regional ground oscillations due to mass loading by stored rainfall and subsequent rebound but with much smaller magnitude, suggesting different hydrological loading effects. From the time-series amplitude information on terrain upslope of the headscarp, we also re-evaluate the incipient motion related to the 2008 Greenleaf Basin rock avalanche, not previously recognized by traditional SAR/InSAR methods. The approach used in this study can be used to identify active landslides in forested terrain, to track the seasonal movement of landslides, and to identify previously unknown landslide hazards.
Development of Autonomous Quadcopter

There are many commercially available drone platforms (fixed wing or rotorcraft) but all of them require user interaction through a remote controller. We want to build a swarm of autonomous drones so we built a drone that can fly and hover with no input from a user. We used the CrazyFlie 2.0 as the base platform and then added sensors and made software revisions for it to operate autonomously. We call our drone the Programmable Autonomous Quadcopter (PAQ). We overcame several unexpected issues such as noisy sensor data that disrupted our control loop, slight weight imbalances that cause the PAQ to drift and problems when the battery voltage drops. We also tested the maximum speed and battery life of the PAQ.
Labor therapeutics and BMI as risk factors for postpartum preeclampsia: A case-control study.

Objectives This study aims at identifying associations between therapeutics used during labor and the occurrence of postpartum preeclampsia (PPPE), a poorly understood entity.
Parotidectomy and Neck Dissection for Temporal Bone Malignancy

Temporal bone malignancies are challenging as the pathologies are heterogeneous and risk stratification is difficult. Depending on the histology, they have the ability for aggressive local invasion and regional metastases. Similarly, primary parotid, parapharyngeal, or cutaneous malignancies may result in temporal bone invasion via local or regional extension. Appropriate work-up including a full history, physical examination, imaging, and pathology review is critical to the primary location and tumor extent. This allows a better understanding for the potential sites of metastasis in the parotid and neck. Several factors must be taken into account when deciding on the role of parotidectomy and neck dissection, specifically, histology, stage, location, and extent of the primary tumor invasion and the need for reconstructive surgery. Parotidectomy is indicated for direct tumor invasion or if the parotid is within the draining nodal basin. Indication for neck dissection is clinically evident nodal disease. Elective neck dissection is based on the risk of metastasis. In the setting of temporal bone malignancy, the risk for nodal metastasis across all pathologies is 13–34%. We advocate elective neck dissection for advanced-stage tumors when at least a 20% risk of metastatic spread exists. Nodal levels dissected are based on the location of the primary. Overall parotidectomy and neck dissection are safe surgeries but convey risks that must be discussed with the patient.
The current management of patients with patellofemoral pain from the physical therapist’s perspective

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common diagnosis that includes an amalgam of conditions that are typically non-traumatic in origin and result in peripatellar and/or retropatellar knee pain. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the physical therapist's management, including the evaluation and treatment, of the patient with PFP. A thorough history is critical for appropriately diagnosing and optimally managing PFP; the history should include the date of symptom onset, mechanism of injury and/or antecedent events, location and quality of pain, exacerbating and alleviating symptoms, relevant past medical history, occupational demands, recreational activities, footwear, and patient goals. Physical examination should identify the patient's specific impairments, assessing range of motion (ROM), muscle length, effusion, resisted isometrics, strength, balance and postural control, special tests, movement quality, palpation, function, and patient reported outcome measures. Objective assessments should guide treatment, progression, and clinical decision-making. The rehabilitation program should be individually tailored, addressing the patient's specific impairments and functional limitations and achieving the patient's goals. Exercise therapy, including hip, knee, and core strengthening as well as stretching and aerobic exercise, are central to the successful management of PFP. Other complimentary treatments may include patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joint mobilizations, patellofemoral taping, neuromuscular training, and gait retraining. Appropriate progression of interventions should consider objective evaluations (e.g., effusion, soreness rules), systematic increases in loading, and the chronicity of symptoms. Although short-term changes or reductions in movement often are necessary in a protective capacity, the persistence of altered movement is a key characteristic of chronic pain, which may be managed in part through emphasis on function over symptoms, graded exposure, patient education, and perhaps referral. PFP etiology is largely movement related and a comprehensive conservative treatment using movement can be successful.