cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ventricular monophasic action potential changes associated with neurogenic T wave abnormalities and isoproterenol administration in dogs

Abstract Changes in the duration of monophasic action potentials on the anterior and posterior walls of the dog ventricle were correlated with changes in T wave polarity and duration of the Q-T interval after (1) left stellate ganglion transection, (2) right stellate ganglion stimulation, and (3) administration of isoproterenol before or after these procedures. Left stellate ganglion transection and right stellate ganglion stimulation produced similar changes in T wave polarity, but the former prolonged and the latter shortened the Q-T interval. All procedures changed the duration of the monophasic action potential and the Q-T interval in the same direction. The reversal of T wave polarity induced by left stellate ganglion transection, right stellate ganglion stimulation or administration of isoproterenol after left stellate ganglion transection was associated with an average change of 13 to 17 msec in the difference between the monophasic action potential durations on the anterior and posterior ventricular walls. Isoproterenol restored to normal the neurogenic T wave abnormalities produced by left stellate ganglion transection and right stellate ganglion stimulation. The drug shortened the previously prolonged monophasic action potential more than the normal monophasic action potential, and the normal monophasic action potential more than the previously shortened monophasic action potential. This study confirms that the T wave is a sensitive indicator of relatively small changes (less than 20 msec) in the sequence of ventricular repolarization and explains the mechanism by which isoproterenol “normalizes” the primary T wave abnormalities.
Best tests/clinical findings for screening and diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome: a systematic review.

Abstract Background Diagnosis of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is commonly performed using a myriad of clinical and imaging-based criteria. Objectives The objective of this systematic literature review was to summarize the research on accuracy of individual clinical tests/findings for PFPS. Data sources MEDLINE, ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health, Cochrane Trials, PEDro, and CINAHL. Study selection or eligibility criteria PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review. To be considered for review, the study required: (1) a description of a clinical test or tests used for diagnosing PFPS (including a test that was combined with another finding such as patient history), (2) a report of the diagnostic accuracy of the measures (e.g., sensitivity and specificity), and (3) an acceptable reference standard for comparison. Study appraisal or synthesis methods Quality Assessment of Studies of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS) scores were completed on each selected article. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive likelihood ratios (LR−/LR+) were calculated for each diagnostic test described. Results The systematic search strategy and hand search revealed 704 potential articles, 9 of which met the criteria for this review; analysing a total of 22 PFPS clinical tests. After assessment using the QUADAS score, 1 of the 9 articles was of high quality. The tests with the highest reported diagnostic value were also associated with studies that had the lowest QUADAS values. Conclusion A majority of the studies that have investigated diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for PFPS demonstrate notable design or reporting biases, and at this stage, determining the best tests for diagnosis of PFPS is still difficult.
HIV-related concerns and educational needs of public health nurses in a rural state

An anonymous questionnaire was completed by 369 nurses in public health departments in a rural Southeastern state to examine the relationship between nurses' prior HIV training and their HIV-related knowledge, attitudes, concerns, and perceived training needs. The survey was conducted in three predominantly urban counties with the highest number of AIDS cases and in 38 rural counties with two or fewer reported AIDS cases. Knowledge answers were generally 70%-90% correct and attitudes more favorable than unfavorable. Attitude was more frequently associated with HIV training level than was knowledge. Concerns about working with persons with high-risk behaviors were expressed by more than half the nurses and were more prevalent in rural areas. Nurses with more training had more concerns about client care and fewer fears about HIV work. Almost all (85%) were concerned about lack of community resources. Most nurses wanted more training of the client-sensitive type provided by the state. With the increasing incidence of HIV/AIDS in rural areas, planning continuing education for staff not only on new developments and current therapies (desired by 98%) but on managing feelings about clients with high-risk behaviors seems especially important not only for the staff, but for their significant others and communities.
The decline and fall of Operating Systems I

This paper examines the changes in the undergraduate course on Operating Systems both from the perspective of the ACM curriculum recommendations and the perspective of the topical coverage in popular textbooks. It concludes that the course and the expectations of the course have changed over the years. The net effect of these changes has been towards less substance and less preparation for students emerging from the course. The paper begins by discussing the changes in ACM curricular guidelines. That section is followed by two sections that trace the changes recommended by the curricular guidelines to their implementations in both the older and newer generations of textbooks. These are followed by a brief discussion of the literature describing Operating Systems courses and their projects. Finally conclusions are drawn and recommendations are made.
A point-contact transistor test set

The objective in developing this point-contact transistor test set was to measure the important performance characteristics of point-contact transistors intended for use in large-signal applications of the pulse and switching circuit type. Its compact easy-to-use construction utilizes instruments readily available in any laboratory.
Upscaling unsaturated hydraulic parameters for flow through heterogeneous anisotropic sediments

Abstract We compare two methods for determining the upscaled water characteristics and saturation-dependent anisotropy in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity from a field-scale injection test. In both approaches an effective medium approximation is used to reduce a porous medium of M textures to an equivalent homogenous medium. The first approach is a phenomenological approach based on homogenization and assumes that moisture-based Richards’ equation can be treated like the convective–dispersive equation (CDE). The gravity term, dKz(θ)/d(θ), analogous to the vertical convective velocity in the CDE, is determined from the temporal evolution of the plume centroid along the vertical coordinate allowing calculation of an upscaled Kz(θ). As with the dispersion tensor in the CDE, the rate of change of the second spatial moment in 3D space is used to calculate the water diffusivity tensor, D(θ), from which an upscaled K(θ) is calculated. The second approach uses the combined parameter scale inverse technique (CPSIT). Parameter scaling is used first to reduce the number of parameters to be estimated by a factor M. Upscaled parameters are then optimized by inverse modeling to produce an upscaled K(θ) characterized by a pore tortuosity–connectivity tensor, L. Parameters for individual textures are finally determined from the optimized parameters by inverse scaling using scale factors determined a priori. Both methods produced upscaled K(θ) that showed evidence of saturation dependent anisotropy. Flow predictions with the STOMP simulator, parameterized with upscaled parameters, were compared with field observations. Predictions based on the homogenization method were able to capture the mean plume behavior but could not reproduce the asymmetry caused by heterogeneity and lateral spreading. The CPSIT method captured the effects of heterogeneity and anisotropy and reduced the mean squared residual by nearly 90% compared to local-scale and upscaled parameters from the homogenization method. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated for the US Department of Energy by Battelle under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.
Reserpine-induced increases in neuropeptide Y mRNA of guinea pig sympathetic ganglia using in situ hybridization.

Background Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is synthesized in sympathetic ganglia by specific mRNA, to which rat probes are currently available. In the rat model, reserpine treatment increases NPY mRNA through a mechanism involving enhanced preganglionic activity. Probes for NPY mRNA have been used exclusively in rat models. In this study, we assessed whether a rat NPY cRNA probe could be used to index reserpine-induced changes in NPY mRNA levels of sympathetic ganglia in the guinea pig. Methods Guinea pigs were given vehicle or reserpine pretreatment. In situ hybridization for NPY mRNA was done on the superior cervical and stellate ganglia of four control and four reserpine-treated rats. Autoradiographic density was digitized using an automated image analysis system. Results Following in situ hybridization of tissue sections, autoradiographic density of specific NPY mRNA binding was evident in nerve cell bodies in the superior cervical and stellate ganglia. Reserpine pretreatment was associated with an increase in NPY mRNA levels in both types of ganglia. Conclusion These results indicate that reserpine treatment in the guinea pig produces increased neuronal NPY mRNA levels. The study also showed that rat NPY cRNA probe can be used to quantify alterations in NPY mRNA levels in the guinea pig.
Prioritized time-constraint P2P packet scheduling using Lagrange multiplier for advertisement push/broadcast systems

In traditional advertisement push/broadcast applications, a lot of advertisement files will be directly downloaded from telcom operators (or content providers) to subscribers, and more bandwidth resources are needed. However, the server's upload bandwidth might be the performance bottleneck when many files are downloaded at meanwhile. It results in network congestion, incompletely received files and playback failure possibly. Although Peer-to-Peer (P2P) techniques tackled problems of network congestion, past researches can not still promise that files can be received by the expected arrival deadline because no important factors, e.g., the constraint deadline, priority and file sizes, are all considered. In this paper, we propose prioritized time-constraint P2P packet scheduling for advertisement push/broadcast systems. According to the currently available bandwidth, transmitted file sizes and the expected arrival deadline, each priority of file transmission can be determined, and then bandwidth resources will be allocated properly using the Lagrange multiplier. In our experiments, we will give an example and prove that the ratio of the just-in-time file arrival will increase with distinct control parameters, e.g., deadline away and file sizes.
Prediction of three-dimensional fractal dimensions using the two-dimensional properties of fractal aggregates.

Abstract Fractal dimension analysis using an optical imaging analysis technique is a powerful tool in obtaining morphological information of particulate aggregates formed in coagulation processes. However, as image analysis uses two-dimensional projected images of the aggregates, it is only applicable to one and two-dimensional fractal analyses. In this study, three-dimensional fractal dimensions are estimated from image analysis by characterizing relationships between three-dimensional fractal dimensions (D3) and one (D1) and two-dimensional fractal dimensions (D2 and Dpf). The characterization of these fractal dimensions were achieved by creating populations of aggregates based on the pre-defined radius of gyration while varying the number of primary particles in an aggregate and three-dimensional fractal dimensions. Approximately 2000 simulated aggregates were grouped into 33 populations based on the radius of gyration of each aggregate class. Each population included from 15 to 115 aggregates and the number of primary particles in an aggregate varied from 10 to 1000. Characterization of the fractal dimensions demonstrated that the one-dimensional fractal dimensions could not be used to estimate two- and three-dimensional fractal dimensions. However, two-dimensional fractal dimensions obtained statistically, well-characterized relationships with aggregates of a three-dimensional fractal characterization. Three-dimensional fractal dimensions obtained in this study were compared with previously published experimental values where both two-dimensional fractal and three-dimensional fractal data were given. In the case of inorganic aggregates, when experimentally obtained three-dimensional fractal dimensions were 1.75, 1.86, 1.83±0.07, 2.24±0.22, and 1.72±0.13, computed three-dimensional fractal dimensions using two-dimensional fractal dimensions were 1.75, 1.76, 1.77±0.04, 2.11±0.09, and 1.76±0.03, respectively. However, when primary particles were biological colloids, experimentally obtained three-dimensional fractal dimensions were 1.99±0.08 and 2.14±0.04, and computed values were both 1.79±0.08. Analysis of the three-dimensional fractal dimensions with the imaging analysis technique was comparable to the conventional methods of both light scattering and electrical sensing when primary particles are inorganic colloids.
Educating handicapped children: The development of a special education ideology scale

Abstract The ideological belief system of actors who influence the direction of policies is an important dimension providing some estimate of a policy's feasibility. This paper, through the development and application of a Special Education Ideology (SEI) Scale, examines what a randomly selected group of local educational decision-makers in Massachusetts think regarding the education of handicapped children within the contexts of citizen/parent participation, intergovernmental relations, community/agency linkage, and normalization. Their belief system, and extent of mainstreaming in Massachusetts, are analyzed according to community type—urban, small city, suburban, and rural. With respect to Public Law 94–142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, implications and limitations of the SEI Scale are explored for education and human service professionals.
Implantable ventricular assist systems.

: A major goal of the Circulatory Support Program of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is the development of a tether-free implantable ventricular assist system (VAS) to rehabilitate patients with advanced heart disease. In 1980, the NHLBI initiated a targeted program to develop and integrate implantable electromechanically powered VASs capable of operating for at least 2 years. The objectives of the program are to complete the development of the VAS and perform in vitro and in vivo evaluation studies. This article summarizes the research status of this NHLBI-sponsored program. It defines the VAS system requirements, describes the systems under development, identifies progress achieved to date, and identifies research challenges.
A prospective randomized trial of Duraflo II heparin-coated circuits in cardiac reoperations☆

Abstract Background . Heparin-coated circuits in cardiopulmonary bypass have been shown to decrease the systemic inflammatory responses associated with cardiopulmonary bypass. Previous clinical studies on low-risk patients who had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and received full-dose systemic heparin did not have clearly improved clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that the beneficial effects of heparin-coated circuits might be seen in patients who had cardiac reoperations. Methods . Three hundred fifty patients who had reoperation with CABG only (58%), or with valve operations (42%) were randomly assigned to receive either a heparin-coated (Duraflo II; study group) or uncoated (control group) circuit. Clinical outcomes were compared and the variables were analyzed using the following three groups: entire populations of study group and control group, subgroup of patients who had CABG reoperation only, and a subgroup who had valve reoperation or combined valve and CABG reoperation. Results . Preoperative variables were the same in both groups. No difference in clinical outcomes could be demonstrated except that the percentage of patients with major bleeding episodes was significantly lower in the study group (1.2% versus 5.4%, p = 0.035). In the subgroup analysis of patients who had valve reoperations, lower blood transfusion requirements in the intensive care unit ( p = 0.013) were found in the study group. When the subgroup of patients who had CABG reoperations was analyzed separately, there was a trend toward less reoperation for bleeding in the study group (0% versus 4.0%, p = 0.058). Conclusions . We conclude that the use of heparin-coated circuits was safe and imparted protection from reoperations for bleeding and major bleeding episodes. Material-independent blood activation (eg, blood-air interface and cardiotomy suction) blunted the total effect of the heparin-coated surface.
RPB in Software Testing

Software testing is one of the crucial activities in the system development life cycle. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification and validation, or reliability estimation. In Motorolareg, Automation Testing is a methodology TM uses by GSG-iSGT (Global Software Group - iDENtrade Subcriber Group Testing) to increase the testing volume, productivity and reduce test cycle-time in cell phone software testing. In addition, automated stress testing can make the products become more robust before release to the market. In this paper, the author discuss one of the automation stress testing tools that iSGT use, which is RPB (Record and PlayBack). RPB is a platform specific desktop rapid test-case creation tool. This tool is able to capture all the information on the phone in order to have highest accurately in testing. Furthermore, RPB allows user to do testing at anytime, anywhere provided there is an Internet connection. The authors also discuss the value that automation has bought to iDENtrade phone testing together with the metrics. We will also look into the advantages of the proposed system and some discussion of the future work.
Carotenoid transport in the plasma of the scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber).

1. 1. A study was made of the lipoprotein composition of blood plasma from the scarlet ibis (Eudocimus ruber), white ibis and a pink hybrid. Donor animals were obtained either from the delta of the Amazon River or from the National Zoo, Washington, D.C. 2. 2. It was found that the carotenoid composition of the plasma of the captive scarlet ibis differed from that of the wild bird. 3. 3. The carotenoid pigments which are characteristic for scarlet ibis were principally associated with the high-density lipoprotein fractions. Pigment half-life was of the order of 80–100 hr and consistent with the metabolism of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). 4. 4. Further fractionation of the HDL by disc electrophoresis indicated the presence of a component which appears to be a carotenoid carrier protein. Substantial amounts of this protein were present in the scarlet ibis whereas only traces could be detected in the white ibis.
Total parenteral nutrition in obstetrics.

Total parenteral nutrition was provided to ten patients during pregnancy. No obstetrical or fetal complications attributable to the nutrition therapy occurred. All infants were at or above the tenth percentile in weight for gestational age. Total parenteral nutrition appears to be safe for the mother and fetus when given after the first trimester; the safety of total parenteral nutrition in the first trimester requires further study. ( JAMA 1985;253:2073-2075)
An NMR Study of the Occupation of C60 Interstitial Sites by Oxygen Molecules

The 13{sub C} NMR of FCC C{sub 60} under magic angle spinning (MAS) conditions yields linewidths on the order of 1 Hz at fields of 4.7 T. The spectrum consists of a primary resonance at 143.7 ppm and a minor peak shifted 0.7 ppm downfield. The intensity of the minor resonance relative to the primary resonance was found to vary from 0.6 to 5.5 % depending on the sample history. The downfield shift obeys Curie's law and is attributed to the Fermi contact coupling interaction between paramagnetic oxygen molecules and all 60 carbon atoms of rapidly rotating adjacent C{sub 60} molecules. Exposure of the sample to 1 kbar oxygen for 1 3/4 hours resulted in a spectrum of 7 evenly spaced resonances corresponding to 0 to 6 of the adjacent octahedral interstitial sites being filled with oxygen molecules. At ambient pressure, the oxygen diffused out of the lattice on time scales ranging from hours to days.
140 SYNDROME OF ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS, POLYCYSTIC OVARIES, AND INSULIN RESISTANCE: A COMMON ENDOCRINOPATHY IN ADOLESCENTS

Although the association of acanthosis nigricans (ACN), with abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism and ovarian function has recently received attention in the medical literature, the impression remains that this is a rare condition. Over the last 2 years, we have seen 21 patients with this syndrome. 73% were younger than 20 years. Amenorrhea was the most common presenting complaint but others came because of hirsuitism, obesity, diabetes or the skin changes.
Immunologic analysis of anaphylaxis to protamine component in neutral protamine Hagedorn human insulin

We report the clinical and immunologic analysis of two patients with diabetes who had anaphylaxis to neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) human insulin in the absence of allergy to regular insulin. A 36-year-old woman without a recent history of local insulin reactions or interruption of insulin therapy experienced anaphylaxis within 15 minutes of her usual morning dose of subcutaneously administered NPH human insulin. A 62-year-old man with a history of generalized reactions to NPH human insulin and of anaphylaxis to intravenously administered protamine had generalized urticaria after injection of NPH human insulin. Both patients subsequently tolerated Lente human insulin. Skin test results in both patients were negative to regular and Lente insulin preparations but positive to NPH insulin and to protamine at concentrations tested. In vitro assays demonstrated that both patients had markedly elevated serum levels of IgE and IgG to protamine, but not to regular human insulin, and that their IgE antibodies to protamine recognized protamine antigenic determinants in NPH human insulin. We conclude that the anaphylactic reactions to NPH insulin in our patients were mediated by IgE to protamine, which should be a pathogenetic consideration in the evaluation of immediate-type reactions to protamine-containing insulins.
Repair Replication in HeLa Cells after Large Doses of X-irradiation

WE have observed “unscheduled DNA synthesis” and non-conservative synthesis of DNA after the irradiation of mammalian cells with ultraviolet light1. We have presented autoradiographic evidence that unscheduled DNA synthesis occurred in HeLa cells after X-irradiation with 5,000 r.1. Normal semi-conservative DNA replication is considerable at this dose, so neutral equilibrium density gradient experiments to examine the molecular nature of this synthesis were precluded. In this communication we report that, after very large doses of X-rays to HeLa cells, incorporation of precursors into DNA occurs as a result of a process which has the characteristics of “repair-replication”, a phenomenon which has been correlated with enhanced survival in bacteria2.
Refined gluino and squark pole masses beyond leading order

The physical pole and running masses of squarks and gluinos have recently been related at two-loop order in a mass-independent renormalization scheme. I propose a general method for improvement of such formulas, and argue that better accuracy results. The improved version gives an imaginary part of the pole mass that agrees exactly with the direct calculation of the physical width at next-to-leading order. I also find the leading three-loop contributions to the gluino pole mass in the case that squarks are heavier, using effective field theory and renormalization group methods. The efficacy of these improvements for the gluino and squarks is illustrated with numerical examples. Some necessary three-loop results for gauge coupling and fermion mass beta functions and pole masses in theories with more than one type of fermion representation, which are not directly accessible from the published literature, are presented in an Appendix.
Universal GFP reporter for the study of vascular development.

Summary: We report the generation and characterization of transgenic mouse and zebrafish expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) specifically in vascular endothelial cells in a relatively uniform fashion. These reporter lines exhibit fluorescent vessels in developing embryos and throughout adulthood, allowing visualization of the general vascular patterns with single cell resolution. Furthermore, we show the ability to purify endothelial cells from whole embryos and adult organs by a single step fluorescence activated cell sorting. We expect that these transgenic reporters will be useful tools for imaging vascular morphogenesis, global gene expression profile analysis of endothelial cells, and high throughput screening for vascular mutations. genesis 28:75–81, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Balloon dilation angioplasty of Blalock-Taussig shunts

Abstract Balloon dilation angioplasty has been successful in the treatment of aortic 1 and pulmonary artery stenoses. 2 To date, a single report of successful dilation of a Blalock-Taussig (B-T) shunt has been published. 3 This report reviews the technique and results of dilation of B-T shunts in 6 patients.
Monoclonal antibodies: Use to detect developmentally regulated antigens on D. discoideum amebae

We have used monoclonal antibodies to detect developmentally regulated cell surface antigens on D. discoideum amebae. A study of an antigen detected using an antibody produced by a hybridoma line implicates a previously undescribed component in the process of cell aggregation. This antigen (consisting of a doublet of 69,000 and 73,000 molecular weight) is first detected during the early hours of cell starvation and is present until cells begin slug formation. The developmental appearance of the antigen is not controlled by cAMP pulses and is distinct from that of Contact A sites. Fab fragments directed against the antigen are potent inhibitors of aggregation but do not inhibit the differentiation of cells to aggregation competence.
Sports Medicine: Performance-Enhancing Drugs

Performance-enhancing drugs, ergogenic aids, or sports supplements have been a part of sports since sporting competition began and likely always will be. Considered cheating by purists and necessary by some athletes, we must accept the fact that they are used, understand why they are used, and study how to prevent their use to institute change. This article summarizes current information regarding the use of performance-enhancing drugs in young athletes and provides proven prevention strategies for instituting a program in your local schools.
Compilation and comparison of averages for standing height at late childhood ages on United States boys of several ethnic groups studied between 1875 and 1980

Averages for standing height are brought together at late childhood ages on boys of different ethnic groups studied in the United States during the last 100 years. More than 80 averages are assembed at each of two ages (9 years and 11 years). Among the groups represented are boys having the following ancestries: Afro-Black, Amerind, Chinese, Japanese, Eskimo, Mexican, Spanish, Portuguese, Polish, Finnish, German, Italian, British, and Dutch. Suffice to cite examples of findings on boys age 11 years. United States Black boys studied during the period 1967–1978 were taller than those studied during 1886–1898 by 11.4 cm, or 8.6%. Average standing heights in the 1930s were near 134 cm for Pueblo boys; near 139 cm for boys whose progenitors were Navajo, Mexican, or Polish; and near 142 cm for boys of Finnish ancestry. In the 1950s, average standing heights were near 140 cm, 144 cm, and 146 cm, respectively, on United States boys of Japanese, Italian, and Dutch ancestries. Afro-Black and Amerind similarities and dissimilarities in the 1960s are illustrated by averages near 140 cm on Black and Chippewa groups in Pennsylvania and Minnesota, and near 144 cm on Black and Blackfeet groups in Ohio and Montana. In some instances, averages are compared for upper and lower socioeconomic subgroups, and for urban and rural subgroups.
Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy in a patient with acute renal failure never requiring dialysis

Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD) is a newly recognized cutaneous fibrosing disorder. To date the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical course remains unknown. The majority of cases have been in renal dialysis or renal transplant patients. Only four cases have been reported in which patients had acute renal failure and never required dialysis. Currently, there is no effective treatment. A 65-year-old man was hospitalized for pneumonia. During hospitalization he developed acute renal failure secondary to acute tubular necrosis. The patient had woody indurated plaques on his upper extremities and trunk, and brown indurated plaques on his trunk. Histopathological examination revealed a spindle cell proliferation infiltrating through the dermis and subcutis with mild mucin deposition. Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy is a novel fibrosing disorder diagnosed clinically and histopatholigically. Currently no risk factors other than renal failure have been identified. Our patient is a unique example of NFD observed in acute renal failure secondary to acute tubular necrosis, never requiring dialysis. We also review the four other cases of acute NFD never requiring dialysis that have been reported in the literature.
XXXI.—Land planarians from the Palau and Caroline Islands, Micronesia

(1940). XXXI.—Land planarians from the Palau and Caroline Islands, Micronesia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 5, No. 28, pp. 345-362.
Calculation of a mirror asymmetric effect in electron scattering from chiral targets

A dynamical calculation is presented of the helicity induced in an initially unpolarized electron beam after elastic scattering from an optically active medium, a process analogous to the circular polarization induced in unpolarized light following Rayleigh scattering from chiral targets. The calculation is based on the bound helical electron model of a chiral molecule, according to which the major contribution to the helicity is provided by the perturbation of the electron bound state by the spin-orbit interaction of the bound electrons moving in the electric field of the molecular core. The net helicity acquired is found to depend directly on a molecular asymmetry factor and the square of the atomic number of the heaviest atom in an asymmetric environment. For the case of carbon, the induced helicity is on the order of 0.00001, which would account for its lack of observation in a recent experiment. Results may have implications for the origin of optical activity in biological molecules by the differential ionization of D and L isomers by beta-decay electrons.
A Voyage of Discovery

(1997). A Voyage of Discovery. Journal of the American Statistical Association: Vol. 92, No. 437, pp. 1-12.
Frequency stabilization of a 2.05 μm laser using hollow-core fiber CO2 frequency reference cell

We have designed and built a hollow-core fiber frequency reference cell, filled it with CO2, and used it to demonstrate frequency stabilization of a 2.05 μm Tm:Ho:YLF laser using frequency modulation (FM) spectroscopy technique. The frequency reference cell is housed in a compact and robust hermetic package that contains a several meter long hollow-core photonic crystal fiber optically coupled to index-guiding fibers with a fusion splice on one end and a mechanical splice on the other end. The package has connectorized fiber pigtails and a valve used to evacuate, refill it, or adjust the gas pressure. We have demonstrated laser frequency standard deviation decreasing from >450MHz (free-running) to <2.4MHz (stabilized). The 2.05 μm laser wavelength is of particular interest for spectroscopic instruments due to the presence of many CO2 and H20 absorption lines in its vicinity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported demonstration of laser frequency stabilization at this wavelength using a hollow-core fiber reference cell. This approach enables all-fiber implementation of the optical portion of laser frequency stabilization system, thus making it dramatically more lightweight, compact, and robust than the traditional free-space version that utilizes glass or metal gas cells. It can also provide much longer interaction length of light with gas and does not require any alignment. The demonstrated frequency reference cell is particularly attractive for use in aircraft and space coherent lidar instruments for measuring atmospheric CO2 profile.
On advancing behavior analysis in the treatment and prevention of battering: Commentary on Myers.

Myers offers an important challenge to behavior analysts: eliminating the battering of women. In this commentary, we extend the conceptual model advocated by Myers, urge a bidirectional approach that focuses more on the battered woman and less on the battering man, caution against the indiscriminate use of marital therapy approaches, and argue that the most important contributions in the field may come from behavioral prevention rather than treatment interventions.
Retinoic acid and homeobox gene regulation

Hox genes have been shown to be important regulators of pattern formation in vertebrates. Retinoic acid has been shown to affect the expression of Hox genes in vitro and in vivo, and some of its effects on development correspond to changes in Hox gene expression. The idea that retinoic acid is not simply a powerful pharmocological agent, but rather that it plays an important role in creating the normal expression patterns of Hox genes, is provided by the recent identification of retinoic acid responsive enhancers near Hox genes.
Investigations of radionuclides in the aqueous sediment environment surrounding a coal burning power plant

Abstract The aqueous sediments collected from five lakes surrounding a coal burning electric power plant facility in southwest Houston have been investigated for radionuclide contents of K‐40, Cs‐137 and daughter products of U‐238 and Th‐232 using a nondestructive direct counting technique. Twenty to twenty‐five centimeter thick cores that were cut into four centimeter segments were analyzed to study the variation of concentration of radionuclide with increase in depth. This investigation shows that concentrations of radionuclide either remains constant or slightly decrease with increase in depth of the sediments. It further suggests that slightly higher levels of concentration close to the surface could be due to the new releases of the nuclides from coal fired power plant, and or which represents fall out from nuclear test weapons or industrialization.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted L-Arginine Analogues as Active Site Probes of Nitric Oxide Synthase.

Using the catalytic asymmetric Sharpless carbamate aminohydroxylation, conformationally restricted l-arginine and l-homoarginine derivatives (5−8) were prepared in good enantiomeric excess to investigate the binding requirements of l-arginine-based compounds with nitric oxide synthase. The l-arginine derivatives (5 and 6) inhibited both the inducible and neuronal isoforms of nitric oxide synthase with little isoform selectivity (5, IC50 = 42 and 144 μM, 6, 8 and 12 μM, respectively). The guanidine-containing compound (5) did not act as a nitric oxide producing substrate for nitric oxide synthase. The ability of these compounds to interact with the enzyme supports the idea that l-arginine-based inhibitors bind to the enzyme in a folded conformation. The l-homoarginine derivatives (7 and 8) did not interact with the enzyme as either substrates or inhibitors. The two-carbon l-arginine homologue (9), prepared from l-phenylalanine, demonstrated the greatest isoform selective inhibition of the compounds examine...
The use of EPR spectroscopy under non-ambient conditions to characterize the consequences of clathrate hydrate formation in water-in-oil microemulsions

Abstract Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is used to characterize the aqueous environment of water-in-oil microemulsion droplets at low temperatures and in the presence of a gas phase at enhanced pressures. The conditions are chosen to induce clathrate hydrate formation in the water droplets. A water soluble nitroxide radical, 4-hydroxy-TEMPO, incorporated into the core of the microdroplets acts as the reporter group. The tumbling rate of the spin probe decreases and the polarity of the spin probe environment increases as the temperature is lowered. Under hydrate formation conditions, it is seen that the probe motion in a small droplet is more rapid than motion in a larger droplet. This is due to the spin probe being rigidly fixed in the microdroplets at low temperature, following the droplet tumbling rate. Also, the polarity of the spin probe environment decreases significantly upon gas hydrate formation due to the depletion of water from the microdroplet core in the form of a solid gas hydrate phase.
Discovering Usability: Comparing Two Discovery Systems at One Academic Library

In the spring of 2013, the University Library at the University of Illinois at Chicago was in the unique position of having access to two discovery systems, Summon and WorldCat Local, at the same time. When tasked with choosing between the two systems, librarians undertook a usability study of Summon and WorldCat Local. The goal of this study was two-fold: to test the ease-of-use of each discovery system with an eye toward identifying one tool to retain for the longer term, and to learn about the search behaviors of different types of user groups. Eighteen subjects, consisting of undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty, participated in the study. Participants performed usability tasks using each tool and answered pre-task and post-task questions. While there was no clear preference among study participants for either discovery layer, individual groups did express preferences. Faculty, for example, preferred Summon to WorldCat Local at a rate of five to one. The study findings are explored i...
The effect of sedation on the abnormal ballistocardiogram of fatigue

Abstract Abnormalities were produced in the direct-body and ultralow-frequency ballistocardiograms of patients with and without heart disease, by the induction of fatigue. These abnormalities were obliterated during sleep induced by sodium Amytal and during relaxation under hypnosis. The changes in these ballistocardiograms are considered to be due to changes in body linkage systems, and not to any abnormality of the heart. An hypothesis is presented which suggests that the abnormal ballistocardiogram, characterized by a nonrepetitive pattern, reflects asynchrony between the heart and the body. This asynchrony represents an added work load on the heart.
Performance of Operational Amplifiers With Electronic Mode Switching

The linear-circuit performance equation for an important class of mode-switched operational amplifiers is derived to identify errors caused by finite feedback loop gains, switch resistance, and follower-amplifier source impedance. Errors due to capacitor dielectric absorption, switching spikes, dc leakage, and current limiting are discussed with reference to an electronically switched integrator (sample-hold or analog-memory circuit), and various design requirements are listed.
Cytokines in Allergic Eosinophilic Airway Inflammation

Allergic airway inflammation is characterized by peribronchial eosinophil accumulation within the submucosa surrounding the airways. The development of appropriate animal models to dissect the critica
A compactness theorem for linear equations

It is proved that a system of linear equations over an arbitrary field has a solution if every finite subsystem has a solution provided that the set of variables can be well ordered.
Control of intrinsic transcription termination by N and NusA: the basic mechanisms.

Abstract Intrinsic transcription termination plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression in prokaryotes. After a short pause, the termination signal appears in RNA as a hairpin that destabilizes the elongation complex (EC). We demonstrate that negative and positive termination factors control the efficiency of termination primarily through a direct modulation of hairpin folding and, to a much lesser extent, by changing pausing at the point of termination. The mechanism controlling hairpin formation at the termination point relies on weak protein interactions with single-stranded RNA, which corresponds to the upstream portion of the hairpin. Escherichia coli NusA protein destabilizes these interactions and thus promotes hairpin folding and termination. Stabilization of these contacts by phage λ N protein leads to antitermination.
Quantitative Assessment of the Rat Intrahepatic Biliary System by Three-Dimensional Reconstruction

The anatomical details of the biliary tree architecture of normal rats and rats in whom selective proliferation was induced by feeding α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) were reconstructed in three dimension using a microscopic-computed tomography scanner. The intrahepatic biliary tree was filled with a silicone polymer through the common bile duct and each liver lobe embedded in Bioplastic; specimens were then scanned by a microscopic-computed tomography scanner and modified Feldkamp cone beam backprojection algorithm applied to generate three-dimensional images. Quantitative analysis of bile duct geometry was performed using a customized software program. The diameter of the bile duct segments of normal and ANIT-fed rats progressively decreased with increasing length of the biliary tree. Diameter of bile ducts from ANIT-fed rats (range, 21 to 264 μm) was similar to that of normal rats (22 to 279 μm). In contrast, the number of bile duct segments along the major branch reproducibly doubled, the length of the bile duct segments decreased twofold, and the length of the biliary tree remained unchanged after ANIT feeding. Moreover, the total volume of the biliary tree of ANIT-fed rats was significantly greater (855 μl) than in normal rats (47 μl). Compared with normal rats, the total surface area of the biliary tree increased 26 times after ANIT-induced bile duct proliferation. Taken together, these observations quantitate the anatomical remodeling after selective cholangiocyte proliferation and strongly suggest that the proliferative process involves sprouting of new side branches. Our results may be relevant to the mechanisms by which ducts proliferate in response to hepatic injury and to the hypercholeresis that occurs after experimentally induced bile duct proliferation.
Quality control of vacuum thermally modified wood with near infrared spectroscopy

Abstract The thermo-vacuum process is an alternative technology for thermal modification of wood where reduction of oxygen concentration inside the reactor, necessary to avoid wood combustion, is obtained by applying vacuum. The goal of this research was to exploit the potential of near infrared spectroscopy for the quality control of TMW (prediction of mass loss and equilibrium moisture content in both softwoods and hardwoods), exposed to the thermal treatment in vacuum conditions. Applied chemometric techniques confirm great potentiality of the near infrared spectroscopy. Important parameters characterizing quality of TMW in vacuum conditions were predicted with high accuracy. Prediction errors of chemometric models based on near infrared spectra were relatively small; 0.9% and 0.36% in case of mass loss and equilibrium moisture content respectively. Such methodology might be helpful for development of on-line process control and for further optimization of the thermal treatment procedure at industrial scale.
The Influence of Social, Demographic, Employment, and Health Factors on the Psychological Well-Being of Employed Women

The study examined the relationship between specific health, demographic, employment and social factors and the psychological well-being (PWB) of university-employed women. PWB was considered a general measure of psychological health. The conceptual framework was based on a social psychological approach. A cross-sectional correlational approach to survey data was used. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire that included the General Well-Being Schedule, social, demographic, employment and health variables. The sample (N = 633) consisted of generally healthy women ages 21-44 who primarily experienced moderate to high levels of psychological well-being. Study variables were examined to obtain more definitive information about factors which influence women's mental health. Chi-square and Kendall's r b analyses indicated that health (p = < .000), religious preference (p = < .002), income (p = < .000), relationships of household cohabitants (p = < .01), and employment status (p = < .01) were al...
Steap4 Plays a Critical Role in Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro by Regulating Cellular Iron/Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Levels and cAMP Response Element-binding Protein (CREB) Activation

Iron is essential for osteoclast differentiation, and iron overload in a variety of hematologic diseases is associated with excessive bone resorption. Iron uptake by osteoclast precursors via the transferrin cycle increases mitochondrial biogenesis, reactive oxygen species production, and activation of cAMP response element-binding protein, a critical transcription factor downstream of receptor activator of NF-κB-ligand-induced calcium signaling. These changes are required for the differentiation of osteoclast precursors to mature bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating cellular iron metabolism in osteoclasts remain largely unknown. In this report, we provide evidence that Steap4, a member of the six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate (Steap) family proteins, is an endosomal ferrireductase with a critical role in cellular iron utilization in osteoclasts. Specifically, we show that Steap4 is the only Steap family protein that is up-regulated during osteoclast differentiation. Knocking down Steap4 expression in vitro by lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNAs inhibits osteoclast formation and decreases cellular ferrous iron, reactive oxygen species, and the activation of cAMP response element-binding protein. These results demonstrate that Steap4 is a critical enzyme for cellular iron uptake and utilization in osteoclasts and, thus, indispensable for osteoclast development and function.
Screw Dislocation-Driven Epitaxial Solution Growth of ZnO Nanowires Seeded by Dislocations in GaN Substrates

In the current examples of dislocation-driven nanowire growth, the screw dislocations that propagate one-dimensional growth originate from spontaneously formed highly defective “seed” crystals. Here we intentionally utilize screw dislocations from defect-rich gallium nitride (GaN) thin films to propagate dislocation-driven growth, demonstrating epitaxial growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires directly from aqueous solution. Atomic force microscopy confirms screw dislocations are present on the native GaN surface and ZnO nanowires grow directly from dislocation etch pits of heavily etched GaN surfaces. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy confirms the existence of axial dislocations. Eshelby twist in the resulting ZnO nanowires was confirmed using bright-/dark-field imaging and twist contour analysis. These results further confirm the connection between dislocation source and nanowire growth. This may eventually lead to defect engineering strategies for rationally designed catalyst-free dislocation-...