cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prescribing Naloxone: Managing and Preventing Opioid-Related Overdoses

Rising opioid overdoses are a nationwide problem. This review aims to educate health care professionals on the various naloxone nasal formulations that are available. National data confirms a significant increase in opioid overdoses and a need for all health care professionals to recognize the importance of dispensing naloxone when indicated. With four options available (two intranasal and two intramuscular), naloxone may be dispensed with or without a prescription in many states. Being aware of the current formulations and offering naloxone prescriptions to patients at risk are among the current recommendations for providers to impact addictive behaviors, thus, reducing the risk of overdose.
Outcome of High Dose Melphalan with Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant In Myeloma Associated with AL Amyloidosis

Abstract 2400 Background: Approximately 10% of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have clinically overt primary systemic light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, and about 30% have concurrent occult AL amyloidosis. The impact of concurrent AL amyloidosis on the prognosis of myeloma is not well known. High-dose melphalan followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (auto HCT) has shown significant activity in both MM and AL amyloidosis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who had concurrent MM and AL amyloidosis and underwent auto HSCT with high dose Melphalan at MDACC between 01/1998 to 05/2010. We identified 41 patients with concurrent MM and AL amyloidosis. Patient characteristics are summarized in Table 1. Twenty -six patients had occult AL amyloid, while 15 had clinically overt disease. Results: Median age at auto HSCT was 56 years (39-77), 58.5% being male with median follow up of 58.7 months from the time of diagnosis and 42.5 months from auto HCT. The median time from diagnosis to auto HCT was 8.9 mos (2.7-102.4 mos). 39% had Salmon Durie Stage III disease and 36.6% had more than one involved site at the time of transplant.Cytogenetic abnormalities were detected in 24.4% of patients. Post transplant hematologic responses were as follows: ≥CR=10 (24%), ≥VGPR=16 (39%), >PR=33 (80.5%), ≥stable disease= 40 (97.6%). Among the patients with overt organ involvement, one had early death. Of the 15 evaluable patients, organ responses were scored using the published consensus guidelines for amyloidosis and were as follows: PR=5 (33.3%), ≥SD=7 (46.7%). No correlation was seen between organ response and hematologic response. The 100-day treatment related mortality (TRM) was 0 and 1-year TRM of 2.4% which is comparable to patients transplanted for MM alone at our center. The median progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from auto HCT were 33.8 and 58.3 months, respectively.The median PFS and OS from diagnosis were 49.8 and 96 mos, respectively. In multivariate analysis, creatinine ≥ 2mg/dl was associated with a shorter PFS (p=0.043) and hemoglobin 60yrs, Creatinine≥2mg/dl, B2M >3.5mg/l, BM plasma cells>30%) emerged as significant predictors of OS. There was no significant difference in outcome between patients with occult or symptomatic AL amyloidosis for OS (p=0.24) or PFS (P=0.9) Conclusion: In this analysis the outcome of patients with concurrent MM and AL amyloidosis was comparable to patients with MM alone. We believe these patients are acceptable candidates for auto HCT. Disclosures: Shah: Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Millenium: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Weber: novartis-unpaid consultant: Consultancy; Merck- unpaid consultant: Consultancy; celgene- none for at least 2 years: Honoraria; millenium-none for 2 years: Honoraria; celgene, Millenium, Merck: Research Funding. Orlowski: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Selective Association of Protein Kinase C with 14-3-3 ζ in Neuronally Differentiated PC12 Cells STIMULATORY AND INHIBITORY EFFECT OF 14-3-3 ζ IN VIVO

The 14-3-3 protein is a family of highly conserved acidic proteins found in a wide range of eukaryotes from yeast to mammals. 14-3-3 acts as an adapter protein and interacts with signaling molecules including protein kinase C (PKC). Although 14-3-3 ζ was originally characterized as an endogenous PKC inhibitor, it was reported to activate PKC in vitro, but the in vivo regulation of PKC by 14-3-3 is still not well understood. To examine the regulation of PKC by 14-3-3 in the cell, we have generated a sub-cell line, PC12-B3, that stably expresses FLAG epitope-tagged 14-3-3 ζ isoform in PC12 cells. Here we show that PKC-α and PKC-e become associated with 14-3-3 ζ when the cells are neuronally differentiated by nerve growth factor. We found that the immunoprecipitate by anti-FLAG antibody contains constitutive and autonomous Ca2+-independent non-classical PKC activity. In contrast, the FLAG immunoprecipitate has no Ca2+-dependent classical PKC activity despite the fact that PKC-α is present in the FLAG immunoprecipitate from differentiated PC12-B3 cells. Our results show that the association with 14-3-3 ζ has distinct effects on classical PKC and non-classical PKC activity.
Stabilized Urease Microencapsulated

The possibility of using enzymes for the treatment of enzyme-deficiency diseases or organ dysfunction has generated enthusiasm over the last 10 years. Part of this enthusiasm has stemmed from technological developments for enzyme stabilization to prolong enzyme activity and for microencapsulation processes to form a protective barrier around the soluble enzyme or stabilized enzyme adduct. The microencapsulated enzyme (adduct) product might then be placed in conjunction with the circulatory system (hemoperfusion), injected intramuscularly, subcutaneously, or intraperitoneally, or administered orally as an ingestible product to carry out its intended functions.
β-Endorphin: Structure and Activity

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the structure and activity of β-endorphin. Both mammalian and nonmammalian β-endorphins have been isolated and sequenced. In most cases, chemical synthesis was required to provide material for biological studies. In one instance, turkey β-endorphin, the hormone has not been isolated from natural sources but the larger precursor β-lipotropin has been isolated. The structure of the β-endorphin was, therefore, taken from that of the precursor. In another case, that of the salmon, where acetyl derivatives of two distinct isomers have been isolated, the unacetylated forms has not been found. Thus far, mammalian β-endorphins show variability in positions 6, 23, 26, 27, and 31. Nonmammalian β-endorphins exhibit even greater variability in their structures when compared to mammalian hormones. All the β-endorphins share the common feature of the enkephalin moiety in positions 1–5. Potencies of several of these β-endorphins in a rat brain membrane-binding assay and in an analgesic assay were measured with respect to βh-endorphin. Parallelism of the dose-response curves in both the binding assays and the analgesic assays indicate that mammalian and nonmammalian β-endorphins bind to the same population of brain opioid receptors.
Tumor Control and Toxicity for Common Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Dose-Fractionation Regimens in Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Purpose To examine the impact of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) dose on outcomes in early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in a large single-institution series. Methods and Materials We reviewed 600 patients treated from 2003 to 2012 for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. The SBRT dose was at physician discretion on the basis of tumor size and location. Peripheral tumors were treated to 60 Gy in 3 fractions (homogeneous planning), 48-50 Gy in 4-5 fractions, or 30-34 Gy in 1 fraction. Central tumors were treated to 50 Gy in 5 fractions, 60 Gy in 8 fractions, or 50 Gy in 10 fractions. Patient, tumor, and treatment factors were assessed for their impact on patterns of failure, toxicity, and survival. Results An SBRT dose of 54-60 Gy in 3 fractions was associated with a statistically significant lower rate of local failure (LF) (4.3% at 2 years) compared with 30-34 Gy in 1 fraction (21%), 48-50 Gy in 4-5 fractions (15.5%), and 50-60 Gy in 8-10 fractions (13.3%). Lower pre-SBRT hemoglobin and higher positron emission tomography standardized uptake value were also associated with LF. Nodal failure, distant failure, and overall survival were similar between fractionation groups. Pulmonary toxicity (crude rate, any grade) was slightly higher for 3 fractions (5.0%) compared with 1 (3.2%) or 4-5 fractions (3.8%). Chest wall toxicity was also higher for 3 (23.7%) compared with 1 (8.6%) or 4-5 (7.7%) fraction regimens. Conclusions Although higher biologically equivalent dose SBRT (150-180 Gy10) may be associated with slightly lower LF, it was also associated with mildly increased toxicity and no difference in other patterns of failure or overall survival.
The Twenty-Third Plains Conference: Program

(1966). The Twenty-Third Plains Conference: Program. Plains Anthropologist: Vol. 11, No. 32, pp. 159-159.
The Organizational Economics of Risk Pooling

The need to share or pool risk is an important economic determinant of cooperation among firms, but the economic theory of risk pooling has been clouded by an error made in a seminal paper in the 1960s. Even into this decade, writers on risk and insurance have asserted that the market mechanism cannot bring a risk pool to an economically efficient outcome, concluding therefore that the risk pool must be analyzed as an n-person cooperative game. This paper describes clearly the economic structure of a risk pool and shows how the market mechanism can function to solve the organizational problem of a risk pool. This analysis reveals a twin interpretation of risk pooling, both as a competitive market and as a centrally administered cooperative organization. One significant feature of organized risk pooling is that the centralized solution is not incentive compatible, meaning that self-interested participants could misrepresent their attitude toward risk and skew the allocation of risk in their favor. However, there are economic conditions that mitigate the incentive incompatibility and tend to restore efficiency to the centralized pooling solution.
Kinetics Study on Limestone Decomposition in Early Converter Slag

Adding limestone directly into converter is considered to be favorable to energy conservation and emission reduction by transferring the decomposition reaction of limestone from the shaft or rotary kiln to the converter. In this paper, the kinetics of limestone decomposing in early converter slag was studied at 1300–1400 °C, and the effects of slag temperature and stirring speed introduced to the slag bath were examined. The kinetic results based on shrinking core model analysis showed that the limestone decomposition was a mixed rate control of chemical reaction and heat conduction through the lime layer, which could be promoted at higher slag temperature by supplying more heat to the converter bath. In addition, the chemical reaction rate constant and effective thermal conductivity were determined.
The Fragmentation Region of High Energy Nucleus-Nucleus and Hadron-Nucleus Collisions

The fragmentation region of particles produced in high energy nuclear collisions provides a laboratory for studying high baryon number density systems. This talk outlines work in progress that attempts to compute properties of the matter produced in these collisions at the highest energies.
Other Crimes, Other Criminals: Racketeering in Chinatown and Brighton Beach

The phrase nontraditional organized crime has become synonymous with non-Italian crime. Unfortunately, books and investigations examine non-Italian organized crime in the same one-dimensional fashion that Mafia-related crime has been approached. That is, the use of ethnicity as a descriptor of criminal activity is overemphasized and fails to shed light on the existence of the activity itself, and often comes perilously close to ethnic stereotyping. The alternative is to describe organized crime not just in racial and ethnic identities but in terms of the criminal activity itself, and how and why various groups participate in certain activities. In this way, we can see that organized crime is very often the result of complex situational opportunities rather than just a problem or predilection of particular ethnic groups.
From Reporting Sleuth to Pioneer in Media Accountability: The Career of the New York World's Isaac D. White

Abstract This article discusses the career of New York World's Isaac D. White (1864–1943), a leading police reporter in the closing years of the 19th century and the first news ombudsman as director of the Bureau of Accuracy and Fair Play. Using ingenuity and wide access to police evidence, White solved cases that the police department could not, reaching the pinnacle of his career in tracking down the perpetrator of a Wall Street bombing incident in 1891 by tracing a button found on the bomber's pants. After retiring from reporting in 1910, White became a leading expert in libel law, despite having no formal legal training. In addition, he headed the Bureau of Accuracy and Fair Play for nearly 18 years until the World was sold and absorbed into the New York Telegram in 1931. In his later work as the first news ombudsman, White became a strong advocate for improved factual accuracy and the need to separate opinion from news reporting.
Efficient big data model selection with applications to fraud detection

Abstract As the volume and complexity of data continues to grow, more attention is being focused on solving so-called big data problems. One field where this focus is pertinent is credit card fraud detection. Model selection approaches can identify key predictors for preventing fraud. Stagewise Selection is a classic model selection technique that has experienced a revitalized interest due to its computational simplicity and flexibility. Over a sequence of simple learning steps, stagewise techniques build a sequence of candidate models that is less greedy than the stepwise approach. This paper introduces a new stochastic stagewise technique that integrates a sub-sampling approach into the stagewise framework, yielding a simple tool for model selection when working with big data. Simulation studies demonstrate the proposed technique offers a reasonable trade off between computational cost and predictive performance. We apply the proposed approach to synthetic credit card fraud data to demonstrate the technique’s application.
Finite integral relation algebras

The method of forming complex algebras of finite ternary relations will produce all finite nonassociative relation algebras. We use this method to construct many interesting algebras. Every atomic NA determines an involution on atoms, which in turn determines both the cycles of the algebra and also the missing, or forbidden cycles. So we begin by studying the cycles of an arbitrary involution. Suppose is an involution on U , that is, : U → U and u = u for all u ∈ U . For any x, y, z ∈ U let
The Importance of Organic Nitrogen Transport Processes for Plant Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Amino acids and ureides are the main nitrogen transport forms in plants. This review discusses key transporters that control root nitrogen uptake, as well as root-to-shoot and leaf-to-seed partitioning of organic nitrogen. It further examines the importance of amino acid and ureide transporters for plant growth, seed production, and plant nitrogen use efficiency.
Bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity: A retrospective review of incidence and risk factors.

e16532Background: Bleomycin has an established role in treatment of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and testicular germ cell tumors (tGCT). Bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity (BPT) remains a dose-limitin...
Premodern trans and queer in French manuscripts and early printed texts

Manuscript studies help understand the fluidity and variety of gender and sexuality. Ptolemy’s Quadripartitum explains non-binary gender by astral influences and provides a theory of gender variance and transition. In addition to a hundred manuscripts extant in Latin, translated into French c. 1350, it was accessible to a public not literate in Latin, and copies were kept in royal apartments, rather than in the main collection. Manuscript tradition also shows the importance of female saints living as men in late medieval contexts. In a sixteenth-century French sonnet circulating in manuscript, a female lyric subject taunts her male rival, describing their sexual and romantic competition for a bisexual female love interest. The concept of mouvance, an intervocal network of texts where each writer contributes by rewriting the text is also helpful in understanding the concepts of gender fluid, queer, and trans: the text does not lose its identity, and yet its diversity is not elided.
The incidence of unexpected critical complications in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies according to the interval period between ultrasonographic evaluations.

Aim This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of unexpected critical complications (UCC) in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies according to ultrasonographic scan interval. Methods This retrospective single-center cohort study, conducted between January 2005 and April 2015, investigated the incidence of UCC in patients with MCDA twin pregnancies undergoing weekly ultrasound (Group A) and those undergoing biweekly ultrasound (Group B). We also examined the incidence of predictable critical complications according to ultrasound interval. Results Of all 385 cases, the total incidence of UCC was 20 (5.2%), including 14 cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome and 6 cases of intrauterine fetal death. The incidence of UCC was 3.9% in Group A and 9.0% in Group B (P = 0.046). In contrast, the incidence of predictable critical complications was 6.7% in Group A and 9.0% in Group B (P = 0.440). Conclusion The incidence of UCC in patients with MCDA twin pregnancies was significantly lower in patients undergoing weekly ultrasound. Our results suggest that weekly ultrasound evaluation for patients with MCDA pregnancy is more effective for early detection of UCC such as intrauterine fetal death and twin-twin transfusion syndrome ; however, further investigations are needed to determine whether weekly ultrasound evaluation can improve clinical outcomes.
Chromatin research and biological engineering: an evolving relationship poised for new biomedical impacts

Abstract Recent work at the interface of biomedical engineering and chromatin research suggests that cell engineers are approaching the biochemically complex, protein-packaged eukaryotic genome with less trepidation and greater enthusiasm. Landmark discoveries, such as the connection between cell phenotype and chromatin features, and how these features are generated have paved the way toward chromatin engineering. Modular DNA sequences and fusion proteins can be used to protect synthetic DNA from undesirable regulation. Now, transgenes no longer lie completely at the mercy of native chromatin. Synthetic systems are also being used to produce mechanistic data. These data, plus information from descriptive profiling and associative studies, are converging upon a new investigative paradigm to solve puzzles of causality and enable chromatin-focused biomedical innovations.
Put to the Test: Canguilhem’s Biological Philosophy and a New Concept of Error

This chapter draws together preceding conclusions to show the central significance of error for Canguilhem’s biological philosophy. Examining an unpublished 1955–1956 lecture course clarifies how it addressed error as a philosophical and social-political problem by studying the history of biological sciences. Because this philosophy depends on his understanding of technical and artistic creation, I exemplify this before examining imagination’s role in human life as a vital response to monstrous alteration that makes both artistic and scientific activity possible. Yet in banishing monsters as imaginary, positivist science becomes monstrous itself. There is no escaping such alterations. I conclude, therefore, by considering his biological philosophy’s spirit and ability to endure the alteration that threatened it when Canguilhem finally recognized error as a scientific concept.
Electrical properties of unconventional source rocks from Micro-CT using numerical mixing law

Abstract Accurate rock characterization is critical in using resistivity and dielectric methods for source rocks. However, conventional mixing theories cannot address scenarios where the high volume inclusion exists for rocks with anisotropic electrical parameters. In this paper, an electromagnetic numerical technique using finite difference method was developed to investigate the electrical and anisotropic properties of source rocks based on 3D rock Micro-CT images. Numerical experiments were applied to study the effects of pyrites and fluids on the effective resistivity and electronic anisotropy in source rocks. It was found that less than 1% pyrite or brine significantly changed the electric property and enhanced their anisotropy.
Computer-Based versus Paper-Based Insulin Infusion Algorithms in Diabetic Ketoacidosis

BACKGROUND Paper-based and computer-based insulin infusion algorithms facilitate appropriate glycemic therapy. The data comparing these algorithms in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting are limited. We aimed to determine the differences in time to diabetic ketoacidosis resolution and incidence of hypoglycemia between computer and paper-based insulin infusion. METHODS Single-institution retrospective review of patients admitted to the ICU with diabetic ketoacidosis between 4/1/2015 and 7/20/2018. Our institution introduced computer-based insulin infusion (Glucommander) to the intensive care unit on 3/28/2016. Patients were grouped into either paper-based group (preintervention) or a computer-based group (postintervention). Summary and univariate analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 620 patients (paper-based=247; computer-based=373) with a median (IQR) age of 40 (26-56) years were included; 46% were male. Patients in the computer-based group were significantly older (p=0.003); otherwise, there were no significant differences in gender, race, body mass index and HbA1c. The mean (±SD) time to diabetic ketoacidosis resolution in the computer-based group was significantly lower than the paper-based group (p=0.02). The number of patients in the paper-based group who developed severe hypoglycemia (<50 mg/dl) was significantly higher {8% vs 1%; p<0.0001}. CONCLUSION Our analyses demonstrate statistically significant decreases in time to DKA resolution and hypoglycemic events in DKA patients who were managed using a computer-based insulin infusion algorithm providing a more effective and safer option when compared to paper-based insulin infusion.
Photo Quiz: A Mysterious Case of Neonatal Meningitis.

A 5-week-old male from suburban Philadelphia, PA, presented to the emergency department with a 1-day history of decreased oral intake, fussiness, and poor urine output. He was born full term via an uncomplicated vaginal delivery and was healthy prior to presentation, with no known sick contacts. His
Adaptive Minimum-Bit-Error Rate PDNP Detection for Magnetic Recording.

The granular nature of the recording medium in magnetic recording leads to a type of noise known as media noise; it arises because each magnetic grain can take on only one of two polarities, which causes the boundary of each written bit to be random in shape, coinciding with the boundaries of the randomly sized grains. A key feature of media noise is that it depends on the data being written, and in particular is more pronounced in the vicinity of bit transitions. A widely used strategy for mitigating media noise in a trellis-based detector is pattern-dependent noise prediction (PDNP); in this approach, each bit pattern (which determines a trellis branch) will have its own set of branch metric parameters (including the signal levels, noise predictor coefficients, and residual variances). Traditionally these detector parameters are chosen according to some form of a minimum-mean-squared-error (MMSE) criterion. In this paper, we propose the adaptive minimum-bit-error rate (AMBER) algorithm for adapting these pattern-dependent parameters with the aim of minimizing BER. The AMBER algorithm updates the parameters whenever the add-compare-select operation in the Viterbi detector selects an incorrect path instead of the correct path; the parameters are then updated so as to increase the metric of the incorrect path, and reduce the metric of the correct path. Numerical results based on a set of quasi-micromagnetic simulated channel waveforms show that the AMBER PDNP detector provides at least a 20% BER decrease and an 8% increase in areal density over a traditional MMSE PDNP detector.
Introduction to Molecular Targeted Radiosensitizers: Opportunities and Challenges

The practice of radiation oncology is currently primarily based on precise technical delivery of highly conformal, image-guided radiation treatments. The precision medicine revolution has provided radiation oncologists with tremendous opportunities to enhance the anti-tumor effects of radiation therapy, potentially with less normal tissue toxicity than traditional chemotherapeutic radiosensitizers. However, a large body of preclinical research and clinical investigations on radiosensitizers has not yet translated into any meaningful number of FDA-approved combinations of radiation with targeted radiosensitizers ± chemotherapy. There exist distinct challenges to clinical translation of radiation/drug combinations that the field is only beginning to appreciate. These considerations have served as motivation for this book, which provides a comprehensive review by experts in the field of key preclinical research components required to identify effective and safe (chemo-)radiosensitizing drugs. Readers will be provided with a detailed and timely insight into the framework of targeted radiosensitizer research coupled with recent developments in immuno-oncology. Ultimately, this book will support the identification of appropriately validated and biomarker-directed targeted drug/radiation combinations that will have a higher likelihood than in the past to be incorporated into standard management of human cancers. These developments, coupled with the increasing technical power of radiation therapy to safely increase local control for many solid tumors, are expected to improve survival outcomes and cure rates for our patients.
Characterizing geometrically necessary dislocations using an elastic-plastic decomposition of Laplace stretch

In this paper, the geometric dislocation density tensor and Burgers vector are studied using an elastic–plastic decomposition of Laplace stretch $$\varvec{\mathcal {U}}$$ . The Laplace stretch arises from a $$\mathbf {QR}$$ decomposition of the deformation gradient and is very useful, as one can directly and unambiguously measure its components by performing experiments. The geometric dislocation density tensor $${\tilde{\mathbf {G}}}$$ is obtained using the classical argument of failure of a Burgers circuit in a suitable configuration $$\tilde{\kappa }_p$$ where the deformation of a body is solely due to the movement of dislocations. The geometric features of space $$\tilde{\kappa }_p$$ are explored. It is shown that the derived geometric dislocation tensor is related to the torsion of $$\tilde{\kappa }_p$$ , which serves as a measure of incompatibility in this space. Additionally, $${\tilde{\mathbf {G}}}$$ vanishes only when the space $$\tilde{\kappa }_p$$ is compatible. A balance law for geometric dislocations is derived taking into account the effect of the dislocation flux and source dislocations. The physical meaning of the plastic Laplace stretch, and consequently, of the derived geometric dislocation tensor proves to be particularly useful in the classification of dislocations. Finally, the significance of the dislocation density tensor is discussed. The derived geometric dislocation density tensor could be specifically useful in developing a strain-gradient and size-dependent theory of plasticity.
Crystal Synthesis and Frustrated Magnetism in Triangular Lattice CsRESe2 (RE = La–Lu): Quantum Spin Liquid Candidates CsCeSe2 and CsYbSe2

A triangular lattice selenide series of rare earths (RE), CsRESe2, were synthesized as large single crystals, using a flux growth method. This series stabilized in either trigonal (R3m) or hexagon...
Emergence of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan.

Abstract Objectives The resistance ofmcr-1-carrying Enterobacteriaceae to polymyxins, which are last-resort antibiotics, has raised great concern worldwide. In this study, four mcr-1-carrying plasmids isolated from Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates were completely sequenced and the genome composition of the mcr-1-carrying plasmids was analysed. Methods Antimicrobial resistance genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of fourmcr-1-carrying K. pneumoniae isolates were characterised. Comparison of mcr-1-carrying plasmids with closely related plasmids and analysis of the mcr-1 gene cassette were performed. Results The genome composition of the fourmcr-1-carrying plasmids revealed the Tn6330 and Tn6390 cassettes embedded in two IncHI1-type plasmids, ΔTn6330 in an IncHI2-type plasmid, and mcr-1–pap2 in an IncX4-type plasmid. We also predicted the intermediate structures of the Tn6330 and Tn6390 cassettes. Conclusion Dissemination of the colistin resistant genemcr-1 in Taiwan could have been driven by various plasmids and mobile gene cassettes. Evolution of the genetic environment has led to diversity in the mcr-1 gene among plasmids. This work sheds light on the urgent need for continued surveillance of the worldwide distribution of mcr-1 and evaluates the public-health risk of colistin resistance.
The cavernous carotid inferolateral trunk and persistent primitive maxillary arteries: analysis of dissected arterially injected fetal specimens and high-resolution micro-CT of the dog's anastomotic arteries.

The presence of a persistent primitive maxillary artery is described in the literature dealing with the development of the cavernous carotid inferolateral trunk, and the relevant similarities of the cranial circulation of the human and dog. The literature includes no dissection photographs of the above-mentioned two human fetal arteries, only diagrammatic representations. This study’s objectives were to analyze photographs of fetal dissections for the presence of these two arteries, and also investigate the possibility of obtaining, in preserved dog specimens, high-resolution micro-CT imaging of arteries homologous with the above-mentioned two human arteries. The literature describing the embryologic development of the cavernous carotid inferolateral trunk, the persistent primitive maxillary arteries, and their homologies in the dog was reviewed. Relevant dissections of fetal specimens were analyzed. High-resolution micro-CT images of un-dissected dog arteries were produced and analyzed. Photographs of fetal specimen dissections demonstrate the cavernous carotid inferolateral trunk. A separate persistent primitive maxillary artery was not present in the dissected specimens. High-resolution micro-CT images of the dog demonstrate homologous arteries with segments of the human inferolateral trunk, and other skull base and brain arteries. This investigation provides the only photographs in the literature of dissected human fetal cavernous carotid inferolateral trunks. A persistent primitive maxillary artery was not present in the dissected specimens and is a non-existent structure, likely a previously misidentified carotid inferolateral trunk. High-resolution micro-CT images of the dog visualized arteries that are homologous to segments of the human cavernous carotid inferolateral trunk artery.
Deep Fair Discriminative Clustering.

Deep clustering has the potential to learn a strong representation and hence better clustering performance compared to traditional clustering methods such as $k$-means and spectral clustering. However, this strong representation learning ability may make the clustering unfair by discovering surrogates for protected information which we empirically show in our experiments. In this work, we study a general notion of group-level fairness for both binary and multi-state protected status variables (PSVs). We begin by formulating the group-level fairness problem as an integer linear programming formulation whose totally unimodular constraint matrix means it can be efficiently solved via linear programming. We then show how to inject this solver into a discriminative deep clustering backbone and hence propose a refinement learning algorithm to combine the clustering goal with the fairness objective to learn fair clusters adaptively. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate that our model consistently outperforms state-of-the-art fair clustering algorithms. Our framework shows promising results for novel clustering tasks including flexible fairness constraints, multi-state PSVs and predictive clustering.
Stereotype threat: Contending and coping with unnerving expectations

Publisher Summary Stereotype threat is partly situational. It is induced by features of the situation that can be changed and can be minimized by teaching students adaptive ways of coping with it. Stereotypes can spoil a person's experience–in school or in many social situationsStereotype threat arises in situations where a negative stereotype is relevant to evaluating performance. Thus, people in stereotype threatening situations appear to be thinking about the stereotype and its implications. In addition to whatever thoughts they bring to bear on their test, they are also contending with the stereotype and the extra burden of the possibility of confirming it. Psychological research shows that stereotypes are more than just benign “pictures in the head.” Rather, they are expectations that can undermine performance, either through prompting differential treatment of the stereotyped or by inducing stereotype threat in the stereotyped. Most likely, both processes occur at the same time in a self-confirming spiral of low expectations, hindered performance, and threatened belongingness. Test performance is but one manifestation of stereotype threat. The psychological immune system rationalizes, minimizes, and attempts to neutralize threats to the self. Research suggests that how people contend and cope with the unnerving expectations can have a dramatic effect on their academic achievement.
Election Administration Reform and State Choice: Voter Identification Requirements and HAVA

This research examines factors that have influenced state choices about methods of voter identification practices in the current environment of election administration reform. State voter identification practices have been an active area of state policy action since 2000. Rival explanations for state adoption of voter identification requirements are analyzed for three national election cycles following the 2000 presidential election. State voter identification practices are classified according to levels of relative stringency and in terms of variation from federal requirements for voter identification under the Help America Vote Act of 2002. State decisions to adopt more stringent forms of voter identification are significantly influenced by intrastate factors including Republican Party control of state government, traditionalist state political culture, and greater levels of racial/ethnic diversity. Federal review of election practices under the Voting Rights Act is positively associated with more moderate approaches to voter identification but is not significant over this time period.
The age and growth of young-of-the-year spot,Leiostomus xanthurus Lacépède, in South Carolina

Young-of-the-year spot,Leiostomus xanthurus, were sampled in Town Creek of North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, with towed plankton nets, seines, and stationary block nets from February 14 to May 2, 1981. Age estimates obtained by analysis of daily growth increments in the sagittal otoliths showed that these fish hatched between late November 1980 and mid-February 1981. The youngest spot was estimated to be 60 days old, indicating a prolonged migration period from offshore spawning grounds. Age-length regressions permitted calculations of growth and estimates of age from standard length measurements. An increase in growth rate was observed with an increase in size of fish; however, growth of fish of equal sizes was lower in April and early May than in February and March. Age estimates suggested that the hatching period for young-of-the-year spot was concentrated between late November and mid-January. Recruitment of three separate cohorts into Town Creek occurred at approximately monthly intervals, and immigration of each cohort into the estuary took place approximately 2 months after its estimated date-of-hatch.
Infrastructure-establishment from scratch in wireless sensor networks

We present a distributed, localized and integrated approach for establishing both low-level (i.e. exploration of 1-hop neighbors, interference avoidance) and high-level (a subgraph of the unit-disk graph) infrastructure in wireless sensor networks. More concretely, our proposed scheme constructs a subgraph of the unit-disk graph which is connected, planar and has power stretch factor of 1 (the well-known Gabriel graph intersected with the unit disk-graph) and – most importantly – deals explicitly with the problem of interference between nearby stations. Due to our interleaved approach of constructing low- and high-level infrastructure simultaneously, this results in considerable improvements in running time when applied in dense wireless networks. To substantiate the advantages of our approach, we introduce a novel distribution model inspired by actual sensing applications and analyze our new approach in that framework.
Anomalies of the pulmonary veins and their surgical significance; report of three cases of total anomalous pulmonary venous return.

The successful operations upon abnormalities of the outflow tracts of the heart suggest that surgical measures may also be applied to the correction of abnormal inflow tracts. Technically the anastomosis of veins to the auricle has been proved feasible in the experimental animal. Therefore, it should be possible to correct abnormally placed pulmonary veins in man. A wide variety of such anomalies occur. In 55 of 136 reported cases, all the oxygenated blood from the lungs was returned to the right heart through anomalous vessels. Thirty-five per cent of these cases of complete diversion were accompanied by other major cardiac defects. It is estimated that 50% or more of the return flow from the lungs must reach the right heart to produce clinical symptoms. Two cases are presented of persistence of the left superior vena cava which transmitted all the freshly oxygenated blood to the right auricle, by way of the left innominate and the right superior vena cava. The clinical picture was that of growth retardation, minimal cyanosis, a huge hyperactive heart, a loud left mesocardial systolic murmur, pulsating shadows in both upper pulmonary fields, and nearly identical oxygen-saturation of blood obtained from the right heart and femoral artery. One case is reported in which all the oxygenated blood from the lungs is carried to the right auricle by way of the ductus venosus. Surgical correction of the abnormality of these cases by transplantation of one or more of the veins would have been possible. However, no case known to the authors has yet been successfully corrected.
Acquired cyanotic heart disease secondary to traumatic tricuspid regurgitation: Case report with a review of the literature

A case of traumatic tricuspid insufficiency leading to right atrial enlargement and to a patent foramen ovale with right to left shunting is presented. Six similar cases previously reported are reviewed. The time course of clinical deterioration was related to the type of tricuspid valve damage incurred. Papillary muscle rupture led to surgery within a year, whereas less severe chordal damage allowed a more benign course that lasted from 10 to 25 years from the time of injury to the time of surgery. Surgical repair of the incompetent tricuspid valve and closure of the atrial septal defect led to significant improvement. The diagnostic usefulness of radionuclide imaging and echocardiography is demonstrated in this case. A mechanism of right to left interatrial shunting in the presence of normal pulmonary arterial pressures is proposed; this invokes phasic increases in right atrial pressure from tricuspid insufficiency and streaming of blood from the inferior vena cava into the left atrium across a patent foramen ovale in a manner that resembles conditions in the fetal circulation.
Analysis of the numerical effects of parallelism on a parallel genetic algorithm

Examines the effects of relaxed synchronization on both the numerical and parallel efficiency of parallel genetic algorithms (GAs). We describe a coarse-grain geographically structured parallel genetic algorithm. Our experiments provide preliminary evidence that asynchronous versions of these algorithms have a lower run-time than synchronous GAs. Our analysis shows that this improvement is due to (1) reduced synchronization costs and (2) higher numerical efficiency (e.g. fewer function evaluations) for the asynchronous GAs. This analysis includes a critique of the utility of traditional parallel performance measures for parallel GAs.
Guaranteeing Idempotence for Tightly-Coupled, Fault-Tolerant Networks

This paper presents techniques for guaranteeing idempotent semantics for classes of network operations in fault-tolerant networks. This is accomplished through operation transformation and message filtering. The conventional response to a failed or corrupted message transmission is to retransmit the failed message. This retry mechanism can lead to duplicate message delivery. If duplicated messages are non-idempotent, duplicate message delivery places the system into an inconsistent state. We explore methods of guaranteeing message idempotence at both the application and network protocol levels.
Optimizing network-coded cooperative communications via joint session grouping and relay node selection

Network-coded cooperative communications (NC-CC) is a new paradigm in wireless networks that employs network coding (NC) to improve the performance of CC. The core mechanism to harness the benefits of NC-CC is to appropriately combine sessions into separate groups, and then have each group select the most beneficial relay node for NC-CC. In this paper, we study this joint grouping and relay node selection problem for NC-CC. Due to NP-hardness of problem, we propose a distributed and online algorithm that offers near-optimal solution to this problem. The key idea in our algorithm is to have each neighboring relay node of a new session determine and offer its best local group; and then to have the source node of the new session select the best group among all offers. We show that our distributed algorithm has polynomial complexity. Using extensive numerical results, we show that our distributed algorithm adapts well to online network dynamics.
DIGIT SPAN AND OTHER WISC-R SCORES IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF DYSLEXIA IN CHILDREN

The examination of subtest scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale is needed to provide confirmatory evidence for various subtest categorizations as there is no consensus about what patterns might be diagnostically useful. The present study supports the use of the ACID/AVID profiles (Arithmetic, Coding or Vocabulary, Information, and Digit Span) as elements in the diagnosis of dyslexia. WISC-R scores from 44 subjects were analyzed for specific subtest patterns of scores which might separate dyslexic individuals from the WISC-R standardization group. Perhaps some WISC-R ACID/AVID profile pattern analyses may be valid in the diagnosis of a stringently defined population of learning disabled individuals such as dyslexic children.
Synthesis of polyphosphazenes from phosphoranimines and phosphine azides

Abstract A number of phosphoranimines were prepared via the Staudinger coupling of the suitably substituted phosphite with trimethylsilyl azide. These compounds were polymerized under various conditions using fluoride initiators and then characterized by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, size exclusion chromatography versus polystyrene standards, and differential scanning calorimetry. The condensation by-products of the polymerization were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mechanistic details of these polymerizations are also discussed. N-Blocked phosphoranimines were prepared and used as chain terminators to control the molecular weights of these polymers. Several random copolymers were produced by the simultaneous polymerization of two phosphoranimines, and the first reported block copolymers were synthesized by the homopolymerization of one monomer followed by the subsequent addition of a second. The synthesis of the first soluble aryl-substituted polyphosphazenes via the phosphine azide route is also discussed.
Space telescope will meet specs

Space Telescope will not fly on schedule as originally proposed, but it will meet specifications, according to Administrator James Beggs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) ( Nature, June 23, 1983). Late 1986 is now the target date for a Space Shuttle launch. Space Telescope, whose recently opened earth-based laboratory is located on the Johns Hopkins University campus in Baltimore, Md., will have to perform to unusually exact tolerances in order to gain an advantage over the world's large telescopes. Even though clear of atmospheric sources of light contamination, Space Telescope must have high resolution and be free of any jitter while traversing earth orbit. Meeting these requirements has been difficult, as might be expected for such advanced design specifications.
CURRENT TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENTAL THEORY

Current trends in developmental theory are examined in the light of the explosion of new knowledge and ideas in the past 25 years in the biological, behavioral, and social sciences. The findings of early childhood research and long-term longitudinal studies are emphasized. Old theories are reevaluated and new approaches suggested.
Development of FRET assay into quantitative and high-throughput screening technology platforms for protein-protein interactions.

Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) tech- nology has been widely used in biological and biomedical research and is a very powerful tool in elucidating protein interactions in many cellular processes. Ubiquitination and SUMOylation are multi-step cascade reactions, involving multiple enzymes and protein-protein interactions. Here we report the development of dissociation constant (Kd) determination for protein-protein interaction and cell-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay in SUMOylation cascade using FRET technology. These developments are based on steady state and high efficiency of fluorescent energy transfer between CyPet and YPet fused with SUMO1 and Ubc9, respectively. The developments in theoretical and experimental procedures for protein inter- action Kd determination and cell-based HTS provide novel tools in affinity measurement and protein interaction inhibitor screening. The Kd determined by FRET between SUMO1 and Ubc9 is compatible with those determined with other traditional approaches, such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The FRET-based HTS is pioneer in cell-based HTS. Both Kd determination and cell-based HTS, carried out in 384-well plate format, provide powerful tools for large-scale and high-throughput applications.