cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibitor-resistant mutants of the HIV-1 aspartic protease.

There are three approved antiviral drug therapies for individuals infected with human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). They are all nucleosides, with the most widely used known as AZT, and appear to act by inhibiting essential reactions carried out by the viral reverse transcriptase. Unfortunately, in patients treated for some time with one of these drugs, viral progeny often occur which are much less susceptible to the antiviral action of the inhibitor. The resistant phenotypes are often associated with a characteristic set of changes in the viral RNA sequence coding for the reverse transcriptase (1). As a rule, high-level resistance is accompanied by multiple amino acid changes in the transcriptase. This is not a rare phenomenon in anti-microbial chemotherapies, and occurs with antiviral as well as antibacterial medicines, and can reduce or even eliminate any value of the therapy. If there is an alternative therapy, that can be attempted. Unfortunately, for viruses, there are usually no useful options, and so targeting a second viral target is highly desirable.
Spore abortion index (SAI) as a promising tool of evaluation of spore fitness in ferns: an insight into sexual and apomictic species

Ferns reproduce through small and usually haploid spores. The general paradigm states that whereas species produce good shaped spores, hybrids are sterile and form aborted spores. Apomictic fern species represent an unusual case, and it is believed that they produce an unbalanced spore spectrum. Until now, no comprehensive comparison of sexual and apomictic taxa using extensive spore fitness data has been published. Based on a representative data set of 109 plants from 23 fern taxa, we accomplished the first robust analysis of spore fitness using spore abortion index (SAI), the ratio of aborted to all examined spores. One thousand spores were analyzed for each plant. Focusing mainly on two major European fern taxa (Asplenium, Dryopteris), we compared this trait for different fern reproductive types (sexual/apomicts/hybrids) and ploidy levels (diploid versus polyploid). Our results confirmed the general assumption that shows higher SAI for apomictic taxa (18%) when compared to sexual taxa (3%). Furthermore, hybrids are characterized by having almost all spores aborted (99.8%) with the notable exception of pentaploid Dryopteris × critica (93.1%), the hybrid between sexual and apomictic taxa. We found no significant difference in SAI between sexual taxa of various ploidy levels or between sexual taxa of genera Dryopteris and Asplenium. Additionally, we carried out an optimization of the SAI method, outlying important guidelines for the use of this method in the future.
Compensation as a Police Candidate Attraction Tool: An Organizational-Level Analysis:

In 2008, state and local law enforcement agencies hired 61,000 new full-time sworn personnel. To develop a sufficient applicant pool, organizations may use a variety of attraction strategies, including financial inducements, especially when broader factors lessen the appeal of a job. Using data from the 2007 and 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, the present study tests whether unfavorable contingencies (e.g., high cost of living, rigorous application standards) are related to officer compensation—pay, supplemental incentives, and reimbursements—within a sample of large metropolitan police agencies. Results are generally consistent with contingency theory, at least with respect to salaries. Departments offer higher salaries to offset more rigorous hiring standards, high costs of living, and other unfavorable contingencies. The implications of the findings for police officer recruitment are discussed.
FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE EAST INDIA COMPANY

The first archival period (1600–1663) of the (English) East India Company is marked by an absence of accounting materials. A small number of financial statements have escaped peril, however, and found their way to the India Office Library and Records in London. Of these, two are of singular interest. Along with related Company minutes, these statements are analyzed and interpreted in this paper. They shed some light on the reporting practices and concepts of the early years of the incorporated joint-stock company.
Suburbanization alters small pond ecosystems: Shifts in nitrogen and food web dynamics

Small ponds often survive the transition from forested to suburban land cover and provide habitat for many species, yet little is known about how suburbanization affects pond ecosystems. We surveye...
Expedient Mitigation of Collapsible Loess in Northern Afghanistan

The arid climate, low water table and mountainous terrain in northern Afghanistan favor aeolian deposition of deep formations of collapsible loess with low relative density. When the loess deposits become wet, the clay cementing agents are unable to support the overburden pressure, and the soil structure collapses. Loess collapse is causing settlement basins and slope failures that damage facilities, roadways and airfields on military bases in northern Afghanistan. This paper aims to present military engineers with expedient options to identify and mitigate collapsible loess for construction in this region.
Intensive Case Management for Severe Mental Illness.

This section should detail the nature and context of the topic, and corner writers must also address the relevance for nursing.Severe mental illness (SMI) as defined by the National Institute of Me...
Discipline as Teaching: Construction of an Educated Identity

Green mountains, green water, and I, an adolescent Muddle through Prosperity Middle School for three years Waste time and waste money Rather go home and grow crops Finish this semester quickly Everyone would achieve something But me, I get nothing….Sigh!
Dynamics of circulating tumor cells in mice bearing human breast cancer xenografts

3693 Clinical studies have shown that circulating tumor cells (CTC) accurately predict progression free and overall survival in patients with metastatic breast, colon, or prostate cancer. The CellTracks™ system is an FDA-cleared, automated system to enumerate CTC based on immunomagnetic separation and immunofluorescent characterization of recovered cells. To enable pre-clinical studies of CTC in metastasis and response to therapy, CellTracks™ was modified to permit serial detection of CTC in whole blood of mice bearing xenografts of human breast cancer cell lines or primary tumor biopsy specimens. Initial studies involved xenografts of rapidly growing human breast cancer cell lines (SKBr3 and Sum159), which prohibited long-term analysis of CTC due to animal death. This report presents data from serial CTC analyses in mice bearing xenografts from a slower-growing cell line, allowing more detailed temporal correlations between CTC kinetics and tumor size. Materials and methods: Mice: SCID/NOD mice were injected bilaterally in the 4th mammary fat pad with 106 MDA MB-231 cells. Tumor size was monitored weekly. 100 µl of blood was collected weekly via cardiac puncture for CTC analysis using CellTracks™ (Immunicon Corporation). CTC were considered present if ≥2 events were recorded on CellTracks™. Results: Palpable tumors were detected between 21 and 35 days in 10 of 14 mice injected with MDA MB-231 cells. CTC (range, 2 - 45 CTC/100µl) were detected at some time point in 13 of 14 mice. In 7 of 10 mice that developed a palpable tumor (volume ≥ 400mm3), CTC were observed to rise > 5/100µl and then become undetectable at least 7-14 days before the xenograft reached 400 mm3. A second detectable peak of CTC occurred in 8 of these mice between 30 and 45 days later. Conclusions: These data further validate that CellTracks™ can be used in preclinical studies to serially measure CTC in mice inoculated with a third, more indolent type of human breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, mice bearing xenografts from this cell line showed an unexpected, but reproducible "spike" in CTC levels that preceded appearance of a palpable tumor. We speculate that this pattern may be a consequence of pulsatile invasion and metastatic processes that result in intermittent shedding of CTC into the circulation.
Validity in Interpretation

By demonstrating the uniformity and universality of the principles of valid interpretation of verbal texts of any sort, this closely reasoned examination provides a theoretical foundation for a discipline that is fundamental to virtually all humanistic studies. It defines the grounds on which textual interpretation can claim to establish objective knowledge, defends that claim against such skeptical attitudes as historicism and psychologism, and shows that many confusions can be avoided if the distinctions between meaning and significance, interpretation and criticism are correctly understood. It provides perhaps the first genuinely comprehensive account of hermeneutic theory to appear in English and the first systematic presentation of the principles of valid interpretation in any language.Mr. Hirsch, associate professor of English at the University of Virginia, is the author of Wordsworth and Schelling and Innocence and Experience: An Introduction to Blake. "Here is a book that brings logic to the most unruly of disciplines, literary interpretation. Viewing this subject within the tradition of hermeneutics, Mr. Hirsch is able to trace its origins and development with brilliant insight. The result is a lucidly systemic and authoritative account of the premises and procedures applicable to the interpretation of a literary text. Mr. Hirsch has performed a monumental service thereby that of reinstating the credentials of objectivism and defining the limits of the aesthetics of truth. This study is a necessary took for anyone who wants to talk sense about literature."-Virginia Quarterly Review "Professor Hirsch demonstrates convincingly that objectivity is attainable in humane studies, and that it is not identified with the subject but with the evidence. A valid interpretation is not necessarily a correct one, but one which is more probably than any other on the basis of existing evidence. He makes a subtle and important distinction between a text's 'meaning' (which does not change) and its 'significance' (which does), and brilliantly relates meaning to understanding (the necessary preliminary to interpretation) and interpretation to explanation..." In short, this is a work which future students of literary theory cannot afford to neglect."-Notes and Queries E.D. Hirsch, Jr., is professor of English at the University of Virginia.
Political Networks: Editors' Introduction: A Relational Political Science

Political science is diverse in its methods, theories, and substantive interests. A quick perusal of our flagship journals reveals just how heterogeneous we are, with articles ranging from mathematical treatments of theoretical problems to textual exegesis of Plato, and qualitative studies of single countries standing in contrast to quantitative analyses of experiments designed to mobilize voters. At times, the discipline's boundaries are so fuzzy that our territory is alternatively claimed by philosophers, anthropologists, economists, sociologists, and psychologists.
Foundations of envisioning

This paper explores a particular kind of qualitative reasoning, called envisioning, that is capable of producing causal explanations for device behavior. It has been implemented in a computer program, ENVISION, which can analyze a wide variety of thermal, fluid, electrical, translational and rotational devices. Rather than present the technical details of the envisioning process, this paper examines the theoretical foundations upon which it is built. Many of these considerations are ones that any builder of qualitative reasoning systems must pay attention to. Two such considerations are explanation and robustness: What notion of causality is adequate for causal explanations of device behavior? How can there be any confidence in the analysis of a novel device?
A Radio-Immunoassay for Bradykinin

The current bioassay methods for such vasoactive peptides as bradykinin and angiotensin all present problems of specificity, quantitation, reproducibility, and convenience. Haber et al. (1965) have recently reported a new method for the quantitation of angiotensin II, which depends upon the binding of the polypeptide by specific antiangiotensin antibody. This paper describes a similar method for the assay of bradykinin.
Effects of perfusion-induced edema on diastolic stress-strain relations in intact swine papillary muscle.

The mechanism through which edema reduces left ventricular compliance has not been defined. Accordingly, diastolic properties of in situ left ventricular swine papillary muscles were studied in three groups: control ( n = 6, 4° to 6° C), edematous (150 mOsm/L coronary perfusion, n=6, 4° to 6° C), and ischemic contracture ( n = 8, 28° C. Lagrangian stress (σ) and strain (∈) were calculated from slow stretch data and approximated by σ = α(e β∈ -1). The natural logarithm of stress versus strain was linear over the physiologic range of 0.05 p p p >0.05) and β increased insignificantly from 6.5 ± 0.6 to 10.6 ± 1.8 ( p = NS). In the control group all variables were unchanged after 210 minutes. We conclude that myocardial stiffness increases with myocardial edema. This may explain decreased compliance in the edematous left ventricle.
Divine proportion in facial esthetics.

This article expresses the view that the unexcelled beauty of the normal human face may be an end product of evolution. All of the values explained in this article, including the concept of divine proportion, can assist remarkably in the determination of dysplasia and in explaining to the patient where the faults lie. The author contends that the use of divine proportion in conjunction with the principles of maxillofacial surgery will lead to greater success for all concerned.
Structural investigation and selected properties of Zn2.5−xCoxVMoO8 lyonsites

Abstract The lyonsites are an underexplored crystal structure type; with precedent for compositional flexibility, this family of compounds has potential uses as inexpensive functional materials. This work examines cationic substitutions into Zn 2.5 − x Co x VMoO 8 and the subsequent effect on the Zn site preference. All samples were annealed between 700 and 1000 °C, resulting in green-colored pastilles. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) confirmed the solid solution range to be 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.5, with all members isostructural with the parent compound. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicated Curie-Weiss behavior in the high T region, confirming the presence of Co(II). Diffuse reflectance measurements are also presented to explain the color mechanisms of this series.
Peripheral blood T-cell functional assay as a predictive biomarker of immune-therapy of metastatic melanoma.

e21593Background: Activating effector T cell by inhibitory checkpoint blockade improves survival in metastatic melanoma (MM). Examining tumor infiltrating lymphocytes as predictive T cell biomarker...
Smoking Trends and Lung Cancer Mortality: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

Jeon and colleagues reported computer models that project lung cancer mortality among U.S. adults. The editorialists discuss the important messages about smoking, screening, and lung cancer that th...
Bibliometric Profile of an Agbioscience Research Enhancement Grant Program

This study is a bibliometric analysis of journal articles generated from an intramural grant program in the agbiosciences. Using citation analysis and bibliometric mapping, the study analyzes 515 j...
Reversible, Position-Dependent Midbrain Compression in a Patient with Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension

Background Intracranial hypotension is an underrecognized cause of spontaneous subdural hematoma. Failure to identify this entity and treat the underlying etiology can result in profoundly dangerous clinical consequences, prolonged and costly hospitalization, and caregiver fatigue, as seen in the case presented here. Case Description We present a case of intracranial hypotension associated with a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak in the cervical spine leading to consistently reproducible herniation syndrome with head of bed elevation, and bilateral subdural hematomas as a result of a pressure gradient favoring downward migration of intracranial contents resulting in traction on bridging veins. This gradient promoted transtentorial herniation with resultant brainstem compression, leading to a prolonged intensive care unit stay, recurrent respiratory failure, and severe deconditioning. An exhaustive diagnostic workup uncovered a cervical root CSF leak with a nuclear medicine CSF flow study, which was successfully treated with nerve root ligation and dural closure. The patient recovered well postprocedurally and was able to return to baseline level of function. Conclusions This case demonstrates the importance of considering intracranial hypotension in cases of positional herniation syndrome and the necessity for early and aggressive attempts at identifying and treating the underlying cause to prevent unnecessary neurologic dysfunction and protracted medical care.
Familiality of behavioral flexibility and response inhibition deficits in autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Diminished cognitive control, including reduced behavioral flexibility and behavioral response inhibition, has been repeatedly documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We evaluated behavioral flexibility and response inhibition in probands and their parents using a family trio design to determine the extent to which these cognitive control impairments represent familial traits associated with ASD. We examined 66 individuals with ASD (probands), 135 unaffected biological parents, and 76 typically developing controls. Participants completed a probabilistic reversal learning task (PRL) and a stop-signal task (SST) to assess behavioral flexibility and response inhibition respectively. Rates of PRL and SST errors were examined across groups, within families, and in relation to clinical and subclinical traits of ASD. Based on prior findings that subclinical broader autism phenotypic (BAP) traits may co-segregate within families and reflect heritable risk factors, we also examined whether cognitive control deficits were more prominent in families in which parents showed BAP features (BAP+). Probands and parents each showed increased rates of PRL and SST errors relative to controls. Error rates across tasks were not related. SST error rates inter-correlated among probands and their parents. PRL errors were more severe in BAP+ parents and their children relative to BAP− parents and their children. For probands of BAP+ parents, PRL and SST error rates were associated with more severe social-communication abnormalities and repetitive behaviors, respectively. Reduced behavioral flexibility and response inhibition are present among probands and their unaffected parents, but represent unique familial deficits associated with ASD that track with separate clinical issues. Specifically, behavioral response inhibition impairments are familial in ASD and manifest independently from parental subclinical features. In contrast, behavioral flexibility deficits are selectively present in families with BAP characteristics, suggesting they co-segregate in families with parental subclinical social, communication, and rigid personality traits. Together, these findings provide evidence that behavioral flexibility and response inhibition impairments track differentially with ASD risk mechanisms and related behavioral traits.
Schwartz Jampel syndrome responding positively to carbamazepine therapy: a case report and a novel mutation.

Gurbuz G, Mutlu Albayrak H. Schwartz Jampel syndrome responding positively to carbamazepine therapy: a case report and a novel mutation. Turk J Pediatr 2019; 61: 967-970. Schwartz Jampel syndrome was first described in 1962. It is an autosomal recessive disease with generalized myotonic myopathy and skeletal dysplasia. A mutation in the HSPG2 gene occurs. Approximately 150 cases have been reported in literature. A 4-year-old girl presented to the pediatric neurology clinic due to difficulty in walking. The patient had difficulty opening her mouth and swallowing. She was unable to eat solid foods and was bottle fed. She was able to stand leaning forward, with her legs open and with one hand supported. Bilateral blepharospasm, posterior cleft palate, microstomia, pursed lips, kyphoscoliosis, contracture in the elbows, long thin fingers and campodactyly in the bilateral 5th fingers were present. Myotonic contraction with thenar percussion was observed. Previously undescribed mutation was determined in HSPG2 gene in the genetic study. Oral carbamazepine therapy was initiated and 1.5 months later the patient`s muscle rigidity had decreased and her motor skills had improved. This report contributes to the literature by defining a new mutation in HSPG2 gene and showing the importance of early diagnosis of the disease.
120 – Harmonic Balance

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the applications and procedure of harmonic balance. It is applicable to nonlinear ordinary differential equations with periodic solutions. It yields an approximate solution valid over the entire period. There is a specified procedure for increasing the number of terms and, hence, for increasing the accuracy. Harmonic balance is a way of looking for periodic solutions in nonlinear systems by trying to fit a truncated Fourier series and choosing the frequency, amplitude, and phases so that any error occurs only in the discarded harmonics. The approximation indicates the qualitatively correct behavior, at least for small values of α. It is found that when α is small, the equation is a harmonic oscillator being forced near resonance. It is found that this would lead to a large magnitude solution.
Relation between antibody titer in pregnant women with maternal-fetal ABO blood incompatibility and hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns

Objective To investigate the relationship between IgG antibody titer in pregnant women with maternal-fetal ABO blood incompatibility and hemolytic disease of fetuses and newborns.Methods From January 31 2009 to January 31 2010,1269 singleton pregnant women who were suspected to have maternal fetal ABO blood incompatibility in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Southwest Hospital,Third Military University were collected.Anti-A or anti-B IgG titers of them were detected at 28-30 gestational age,and umbilical cord blood were taken when delivery and hemolytic disease of the newborn serological test were done to diagnose hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).The relationship between the titers and incidence of fetal or neonatal hemolytic disease was retrospectively analyzed by Kendall tau rank correlation.Results No IgG of anti-A or anti-B in serum were found in 58.4％ (741/1269) pregnant women,while the antibody titer of 5.1％ (65/1269) pregnant women were more than or equal to 1 ∶ 128.When they were tested again at 36 gestational week,the titer of 17 cases increased twice but lower than 1 ∶ 512.No signs of intrauterine hemolysis,such as edema,ascites and pleural effusion,were found.Three hundred and eighty neonates (29.9％,380/1269) were diagnosed as HDN.Among which,12 cases (3.2％,12/380) showed mild anemia and (or) jaundice within 24 hours after delivery.There was positive correlation between incidence of neonatal hemolysis and antibody titer(Tb=-0.293,P＜0.01).The incidence of HDN increased from 85.4％ (35/41) in women with antibody titer of 1 ∶ 128 to 5/5 inwomen with antibody titer at 1 ∶ 512 (x2=108.906,P＜0.01).Among 380 HDN neonates,322 cases were transferred to neonatal intensive care unit for phototherapy based comprehensive therapy,and two underwent exchange transfusion.All patients were cured.Conclusions The intrauterine hemolysis incidence of patients with suspected maternal-fetal ABO blood incompatibility is very low,and no special care is required during pregnancy.Anti-A or anti-B tests during pregnancy is helpful in early diagnosis and management of HDN. Key words: Maternal-fetal ABO blood incompatibility; Intrauterine fetus hemolysis; Neonatal hemolysis ; Treatment outcomes
Two Worlds or One? Politics Inside and Outside The Consulting Room

Under the powerful influence of the Cartesian split, American psychotherapy theories usually take for granted the separation of the sociopolitical and the psychological. The intellectual movement r...
Aramid Nanofiber Reinforced Polymer Nanocompositesvia Amide–Amide Hydrogen Bonding

Polymer nanocomposites have received tremendous attention over the past several decades; however, they can be challenging to implement without establishing chemical interaction between the nanofill...
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Oligometastatic Cancer.

Purpose The Stereotactic Ablative Radiation therapy for Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Tumors phase 2 randomized clinical trial found that stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) improved outcomes among cancer patients with oligometastatic disease. Yet, the cost of SABR along with the large number of patients with oligometastatic disease raises the important question of value. This study sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the addition of SABR compared with standard therapy alone among cancer patients with oligometastatic disease. Methods and Materials We constructed a Markov model to simulate treatment with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy or standard therapy among patients with oligometastatic cancers. The model derived transition probabilities from Stereotactic Ablative Radiation therapy for Comprehensive Treatment of Oligometastatic Tumors clinical trial data to estimate risks of toxicity, disease progression and survival. Health care costs and health utilities were estimated from the literature. Probabilistic and one-way sensitivity analyses evaluate model uncertainty. Cost-effectiveness was estimated from both the health care sector and societal perspectives with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) defined as dollars per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). An ICER less than $100,000/QALY was considered cost-effective. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to examine model uncertainty. Results The addition of SABR increased total costs by $54,260 (health care sector perspective) or $72,799 (societal perspective) and improved effectiveness by 1.88 QALYs compared with standard therapy, leading to an ICER of $28,906/QALY (health care sector perspective) or $38,783/QALY (societal perspective). The model was modestly sensitive to assumptions about tumor progression, although the model was not sensitive to assumptions about survival or cost of treatment. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses demonstrated that SABR was the cost-effective treatment option 99.8% (health care sector perspective) or 98.7% (societal perspective) of the time. Conclusions The addition of SABR increased costs and improved quality adjusted survival, overall leading to a cost-effective treatment strategy for patients with oligometastatic cancer.
Enfermedad de Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Primera parte: Introducción

Several articles prepared by distinguished Peruvian doctors based in the United States in relation to the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are presented. The articles were based on presentations made by these scientists as part of the educational program of the XLVII Annual Convention of the Peruvian American Medical Society (PAMS) that this year was made virtually because the pandemic made it impossible for us do it in person in Arequipa, Peru. The virtual presentations took place on september 17 and 18, 2020 and were made via Zoom. These short and precise virtual conferences were made possible by the co-sponsorship of PAMS, the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru and the Universidad Catolica Santa Maria in Arequipa, Peru.
Axillary lymphadenopathy in a renal cell carcinoma patient after COVID-19 Vaccination

The distribution of the novel Covid-19 vaccines has been on a scale as unprecedented as the pandemic itself. While the vaccines promise to greatly reduce the spread and impact of the disease, encountering side-effects in clinical practice may pose diagnostic dilemmas. In this case report, we describe a patient with known metastatic renal cell carcinoma who presents with axillary lymphadenopathy found on PET/CT imaging after receiving a Covid-19 vaccine, which was subsequently confirmed to be reactive lymphadenopathy following biopsy.
Design sensitivity analysis of boundary-element substructures

A reduced set of DSA equations is obtained from the implicit differentiation of reduced BEM equations. Relationships for the expansion of the reduced DSA expressions to determine the sensitivities of all condensed quantities that are present in the analysis are also given. The present formulation allows for arbitrary condensing and noncondensing of zones in multiple zone models, and such zones can simultaneously exist in the reduced set of analysis equations. A set of numerical examples for two-dimensional plane and axisymmetric continua are presented
Enterococcus faecalis Is Associated with Anastomotic Leak in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Anastomotic leak is among the most dreaded complications in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. We have discovered that in rodents, collagenase-producing bacteria, particularly Ente...
LINKS BETWEEN MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND THE HEALTH OF OFFSPRING

Abstract Maternal Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) during pregnancy is on the rise worldwide, as both more women with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) are reaching child-bearing age, and conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity are becoming more prevalent. However, the extent to which maternal CVD influences offspring health, as a neonate and later in childhood and adolescence, remains to be fully understood. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis, by which a fetus adapts to maternal and placental changes to survive a nutrient starved environment, may provide an answer to the mechanism of maternal CVD and its impact on the offspring. In this narrative review, we aim to provide a review of literature pertaining to the impact of maternal cardiovascular and hypertensive disease on the health of neonates, children, and adolescents. This review demonstrates that maternal CVD leads to higher rates of complications amongst neonates. Ultimately, our results support the hypothesis that maternal CVD leads to intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR), which, through the thrifty phenotype hypothesis and vascular remodeling, can have health repercussions including impact on CVD risk both in the immediate newborn period as well as later throughout the life of the offspring. Further research remains crucial in elucidating the mechanism of maternal CVD long-term effects on offspring, as further understanding could lead to preventive measures to optimize offspring health including modifiable lifestyle changes. Potential treatments for this at-risk offspring group could mitigate risk, but further studies to provide evidence are needed.
Implementasi Metode Pembelajaran Mind Mapping Ilmu Pengetahuan Alkitab dalam Meningkatkan Kreativitas Siswa SMTK Bethel Jakarta

This study aims to increase the creativity of class X students through the application of the Mind Mapping learning method at Bethel High School Jakarta. The formulation of the problem in this study is 1) whether the use of the Mind Mapping learning method can increase students' creativity in learning IPAL in the material of the Books of Wisdom and Poetry (Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Preachers, and Kidung Agung) class X SMTK Bethel Jakarta academic year 2018/2019? In this study, the researcher used the Classroom Action Research method. The population in this study were students of class X at Bethel Jakarta SMTK with a total of 22 people, this study used data collection techniques through observations and observations of teacher activities. From the research that has been done, it can be said that there is an increase in class X innovation in making a summary of IPAL learning materials through various observations, namely as follows: at the beginning, there were 77.27% of children, in the first cycle there were 100% of children and in the final condition in cycle II there are 100% of children who get a score of> 2.51 (Creative Qualification). Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas siswa kelas X melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Mind Mapping di SMTK Bethel Jakarta. Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah 1) apakah melalui penggunaan metode pembelajaran Mind Mapping dapat meningkatan kreativitas siswa dalam pembelajaran IPAL dalam materi Kitab-kitab Hikmat dan Syair (Ayub, Mazmur, Amsal, Pengkhotbah, dan Kidung Agung) kelas X SMTK Bethel Jakarta tahun pelajaran 2018/2019? Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X di SMTK Bethel Jakarta dengan jumlah 22 orang, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar pengamatan kreativitas siswa dan lembar pengamatan aktivitas guru. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan kreativitas siswa kelas X dalam membuat rangkuman materi pembelajaran IPAL melalui lembar pengamatan kreativitas, yaitu sebagai berikut : pada kondisi awal hanya terdapat 77,27% anak, pada sirklus I terdapat 100% anak dan pada kondisi akhir di sirklus II terdapat 100% anak yang mendapatkan nilai >2,51 (Kualifikasi Kreatif).
Fleet Management—Selected Optimization Problems

Abstract The paper deals with three fleet management decision problems: 1. Fleet structure choice. 2. Lorry scheduling in combined distribution-transfer-collection planning. 3. Heterogeneous bus fleet scheduling. For each problem mathematical models and solution methods belonging to linear programming and graph theory are presented.
Global Seismicity: Results from Systematic Waveform Analyses, 1976–2005

Each year, more than 2000 earthquakes occur with magnitudes equal to or greater than 5. The characterization of these earthquakes in terms of their locations and focal mechanisms is now possible, as a result of the development over the last 25 years of a global network of digital broadband seismometers and of significant improvements in our knowledge of Earth's heterogeneous shallow structure. The gross features of the spatial distribution of global seismicity are well known and are consistent with the large-scale description of relative lithospheric motion provided by plate tectonics. Regionally, shallow earthquakes exhibit a more complicated relation to lithospheric motion and strain rates, with diverse patterns of seismicity and faulting behavior. Deep earthquakes remain enigmatic, in terms of both their mechanics and their relationship to the subducted lithosphere and its deformation. Recent developments in the systematic analysis of long-period global seismic data have led to the detection and location of hundreds of previously unknown seismic sources with magnitudes around 5. Some of these events are standard earthquake sources, but others are associated with rapidly moving glaciers, volcanoes, or landslides, suggesting a richer spectrum of seismic events of this size than previously realized.
Primary structure of bovine carboxypeptidase B. 3. The carboxyl-terminal sequence.

Abstract After reaction of bovine Carboxypeptidase (Cpase) B with cyanogen bromide in 70% formic acid at 30 °, an average conversion of 94% of the methionine residues to homoserine and its lactone has been achieved. The smallest fragment formed in the reaction was a tetradecapeptide, isolated in a yield of 47% after fractionation of the reaction products by gel filtration over Sephadex G-75 and G-25. This fragment, devoid of homoserine lactone, was found to contain carboxyl-terminal leucine, which showed that it derived from the carboxyl-terminal end of Cpase B. The amino acid sequence of the fragment, -Leu-Ala-Ile-Lys-Tyr-Val-Thr-Ser-Tyr-Val-Leu-Glu-His-Leu, was elucidated by degradative experiments with phenylisothiocyanate and with Cpase A on the fragment itself, as well as on smaller peptides obtained by tryptic hydrolysis.
Thoughts About Nanodosimetry

Abstract The measurement of energy deposition in very small volumes has been called nanodosimetry. The concept has appeared in the scientific literature for some time. In this study it is shown that very little knowledge can be gained from nanodosimetry.
Evaluation of the impact of partial shading on the performance of a grid-tied photovoltaic system

Partial shading on a solar photovoltaic (PV) array is known to have a significant impact on its energy yield. This paper presents experimental measurements on a 2 kW grid-tied PV array under different shading profiles that are caused by structures of various shapes at different times of the year. A simulation method that provides an accurate description of shadow movement of the simpler structure on the array surface at different times of the day is presented. While the shade geometry can be accurately predicted, lack of knowledge about the relative amount of sunlight received by the most shaded cell in each group of cells in shunt with bypass diodes limits the simulation tool from determining the impact on the I-V and P-V curves of the array.
Thermochemical Passivation of DNA-Stabilized Q-Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles

In this work, the conditions required to transform quantum-confined cadmium sulfide (Q-CdS) nanoparticles stabilized by calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid from deep trap photoluminescent states to “band edge”-type luminescence are probed. The presence of fivefold excess sulfide relative to cadmium concentration during cluster synthesis, followed by mild heating at 80°C, results in the desired transformation of the Q-CdS emission spectrum. We also indirectly analyze the accompanying structural changes in the polymeric stabilizer, accomplished in this case by use of well-known spectrofluorometric methods with the dyes ethidium bromide and trisphenanthroline ruthenium(II).
Library open 24/7: A study of user needs and library management concerns

Facing competition from Web-based information service development, academic librarians need to find ways to attract more users to the physical library buildings. This study investigated user needs and library management concerns for a 24/7 service through two surveys: 1) User feedback survey at Seton Hall University Library, and 2) Survey of Academic Library Deans and Directors in the USA. Based on these two surveys, the paper not only discussed the current status of libraries open 24/7 in the USA and showed the demographics of users of the 24/7 service at Seton Hall University, it also stated reasons to use the 24/7 service. In addition, the paper revealed library management concerns of the 24/7 service. Three implications, which have been guided by Scott Bennett's theory of learning commons for planning library space, were drawn from the findings in this paper.
A hierarchical multiprocessor scheduling system for DSP applications

This paper discusses a hierarchical scheduling framework which reduces the complexity of scheduling synchronous data flow (SDF) graphs onto multiple processors. The core of this framework is a clustering algorithm that decreases the number of nodes before expanding the SDF graph into a precedence directed acyclic graph (DAG). The internals of the clusters are then scheduled with uniprocessor SDF schedulers which can optimize for memory usage. The clustering is done in such a manner as to leave ample parallelism exposed for the multiprocessor scheduler. We have developed the SDF composition theorem for testing if a clustering step is valid. The advantages of this framework are demonstrated with several practical, real-time examples.
Neurodegeneration: Trouble in the cell's powerhouse

Studies of rare hereditary disorders are intended to find treatments, but they can also bring other discoveries. One such study links the dysfunction of a protein to that of the cell's energy producers, the mitochondria.
Depressive Symptoms and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Obese Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Depressive symptoms in adolescents have been associated with reduced physical activity. However, existing studies have relied on questionnaire measures of physical activity, which may not necessarily reflect actual energy expenditures. We sought to evaluate the relationship between depressive symptoms and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness among severely obese adolescents. Methods One hundred thirty-four obese (body mass index [kg/m 2 ]: ≥95th percentile) adolescent girls and boys (ages: 12–17 years) reported their depressive symptoms on the Children's Depression Inventory. Adolescents also participated in a maximal cycle ergometry exercise test to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning. Results Among the 103 adolescents who reached maximal exertion, those with elevated depressive symptoms (16%) displayed poorer cardiorespiratory fitness than those without elevated depressive symptoms (maximal oxygen uptake: 1,873.2 ± 63.6 vs. 2,012.9 ± 28.6 mL/min, p p Conclusions Among obese adolescents, elevated depressive symptoms are associated with poorer objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness. Future experimental tests should investigate whether cardiorespiratory fitness acts as a mediator of adolescent depressive symptoms' effect on obesity or obesity-related health comorbidities.
Isolation of Parvalbumin Isotypes by Preparative HPLC Techniques

Parvalbumins are highly stable Ca2+ binding proteins, present in large quantities in the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the white muscle of most lower vertebrates and fish. The properties of these proteins make them promising antigens for the use as a specific biomarker for fish species identification. Parvalbumin isotypes were isolated, on a preparative scale level, by use of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and anion exchange HPLC. The utility of this technique, with regard to maximizing purified isotypes, is discussed.
The Impact of Term Limits on State Legislators' Ambition for Local Office: The Case of Michigan's House

State legislative term limits have created major political changes in 16 states. They are also affecting intergovernmental relationships in ways that are only now becoming apparent. This article explores the argument that legislators with limited opportunities for upward mobility may choose to run for local office rather than move up the “political ladder” to a statewide or federal office. Based on the post-legislative career decisions of members of the Michigan House of Representatives from 1982 to 2000, the initial evidence suggests that legislators in Michigan are more likely to return to local government in a post-term-limit environment. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.
Cancer treatment according to BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations

Identification of germline mutations associated with significant cancer susceptibility has the potential to change all aspects of an individual's care, from screening to cancer treatment. For example, women with germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have markedly elevated risks of breast and ovarian cancer and the identification of these germline mutations has led to specific screening and prevention strategies. More recently, advances in the understanding of the biological function of BRCA1 and BRCA2 have led to clinical trials testing targeted therapies in this population, particularly poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Unfortunately, the development of PARP inhibitors has not been as rapid as anticipated and has been more challenging than expected. Somatic mutations identified in many cancer types have allowed the development of therapeutics that target these mutated genes, and many of these agents obtained rapid regulatory approval and are currently in widespread clinical practice. Diagnostic testing has a central role in targeted cancer therapeutics for both somatic and germline mutations. Although the era of molecular medicine and targeted therapies has led to significant changes in the practice of oncology, new challenges continue to arise.
Pretreatment with SR48692 has different effects on central neurotensin-induced gastric mucosal defense and inhibition of gastric acid secretion in rats

Neurotensin is a tridecapeptide present in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. Administration of neurotensin into the brain results in responses in the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting a role for neurotensin in the interrelationships that comprise the brain-gut axis. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of neurotensin protects the gastric mucosa against injury caused by cold water restraint (CWR) and also inhibits gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. The hypothesis tested was that these two actions of neurotensin are mediated via its high-affinity receptor. Rats were given neurotensin (60 microgram, i.c.v.) prior to CWR or pylorus ligation after pretreatment with SR48692, a nonpeptide antagonist of the high-affinity neurotensin receptor (0.25 or 2.5 microgram, i.c.v., or 10, 100, or 500 microgram kg-1, i.p.). Neurotensin reduced cold water restraint (CWR)-induced gastric mucosal injury and inhibited gastrin-stimulated acid secretion. Pretreatment with SR48692 (2.5 microgram, i.c.v., or 100 microgram kg-1, i.p.) prior to CWR blocked neurotensin's protection of the gastric mucosa against injury. In contrast, pretreatment with 2.5 microgram SR48692, i.c.v., did not block neurotensin-induced inhibition of acid secretion, whereas 500 microgram kg-1, i.p., partially blocked the inhibition. SR48692 (2.5 microgram, i.c.v.) inhibited acid secretion, suggesting that SR48692 has agonist activity in this system. These results suggest that central neurotensin protects the gastric mucosa against CWR-induced injury via its high-affinity receptor. The receptor that mediates central neurotensin-induced inhibition of gastric acid secretion does not appear to be the high-affinity receptor since the neurotensin receptor antagonist SR48692, when given i.c.v., had agonist activity, inhibiting stimulated acid secretion. High-affinity neurotensin receptors in the periphery appear to play a role in inhibition of stimulated gastric acid secretion.
The Importance of SES, Home and School Language and Literacy Practices, and Oral Vocabulary in Bilingual Children’s English Reading Development

This study explores the role that socioeconomic status (SES), home and school language and literacy practices, and oral vocabulary play in the development of English reading skills in Latino English language learners (ELLs) and how these factors contribute differentially to English reading outcomes for children of different ages and in different settings: 292 Spanish-speaking kindergarteners in mostly English instruction, 85 Spanish-speaking third graders in bilingual instruction, and 70 Spanish-speaking fifth graders in both English and bilingual settings. Data were analyzed using hierarchical regression. Findings indicate that for each sample, English oral vocabulary is a significant predictor of English reading accuracy and comprehension once SES and home and school language and literacy factors have been considered. Beyond oral vocabulary, however, there is considerable variability across samples in the home and school language and literacy variables that are predictive of English reading outcomes. Th...