cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Ca2+ channel currents by intracellular ATP in smooth muscle cells of rat mesenteric artery.

Regulation of L-type Ca 2+ charnels ofvascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent phosphorylation, which requires Mg 2+ ATP as a phosphate donor, has been reported (T. Ishikawa, J. R. Hume, and K. D. Keef. Circ. Res. 73: 1128-1137, 1993; Z. Xiong, N. Sperelakis, and C. Fenoglio-Preiser. J. Vasc. Res. 31: 271-279, 1994), and regulation by ATP has been demonstrated (Y. Ohya and N. Sperelakis. Circ. Res. 64: 145-154, 1989). However, it has not been elucidated whether the regulation by ATP is mediated by a mechanism that is distinct from phosphorylation. In the present study, we examined the effects of intracellularly perfused ATP on Ca 2+ channel currents ofVSM cells isolated from rat mesenteric arteries using a whole cell voltage clamp combined with an intracellular perfusion technique. Ba 2+ currents (I Ba ) through Ca 2+ channels were evoked by depolarizing pulses from a holding potential of -80 mV with 130 mM Cs + in the pipette and 100 mM Ba 2+ in the bath. The decrease in the ATP concentration (from 5 to 0.1 mM) in the pipette caused a 45 ± 5% (n = 8) reduction of maximal I Ba obtained at +40 mV within 10 min. The dose-response relation between I Ba and ATP showed a dissociation constant of 0.53 mM ATP. This concentration is much higher than that usually required for phosphorylation (e.g., few micromolar). Increase in the ATP (from 0.1 to 5 mM) caused an enhancement of maximal I Ba by 57 ± 10% (n = 6), and this enhancement was not prevented in the presence of 30 μM H-7, a nonspecific inhibitor of protein kinases, or 1 μM protein kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor protein of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. These results indicate that slow Ca 2+ channels in VSM cells are regulated by intracellular ATP, independently of phosphorylation, implying a direct regulatory action, such as a requirement for ATP binding to the inner surface of the channel, to exhibit activity.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS PHOSPHATASE SPECIFIC FOR D-ALPHA -GLYCEROPHOSPHATE

Abstract Bacillus licheniformis (“Ford's type”) was found to contain a novel enzyme, d -α-glycerophosphatase. The enzyme is highly specific for d -α-glycerophosphate, effecting little or no hydrolysis of l -α- or β-glycerophosphate or other similar compounds. All other known α-glycerophosphatases preferentially hydrolyze the l isomer. The products of the d -α-glycerophosphatase reaction were identified as glycerol and inorganic phosphate. The enzyme is a monomer with an apparent molecular mass of approximately 25 kDa. As with most phosphatases, it requires divalent magnesium for activity, but unlike the nonspecific acid and alkaline phosphatases, its optimum pH is around neutral. Its K m for d -α-glycerophosphate in the presence of 1 mM Mg 2+ was found to be 4.3 mM. d -α-Glycerophosphatase was produced in B. licheniformis fermentations whether or not high levels of phosphate were present; the same was true of glycerol formation. d -α-Glycerophosphatase is not strongly inhibited by inorganic phosphate and would therefore be capable of catalyzing the formation of glycerol in the presence of high levels of phosphate. The d -α-glycerophosphatase of B. licheniformis is similar in characteristics to l -α-glycerophosphatases known to synthesize glycerol in vivo, suggesting that d -α-glycerophosphatase may be the final enzyme in the fermentative glycerol formation pathway of B. licheniformis.
Girls and Sex: A Content Analysis of Sexual Health Depictions in HBO’s Girls

Sex on television has been a topic of interest to scholars and critics alike. History has shown that certain programs break the mold when talking about sex. One show that is currently leading this trend is HBO’s Girls, a fictional comedy-drama show with 4.1 million viewers that has received much attention for its portrayals of sex. This systematic, quantitative content analysis is a case study of the first three seasons of Girls. It examines sexual behaviors, sexual talk, and sexual risk and responsibility. Results revealed kissing to be the most prevalent sexual behavior and talking about own or other’s sexual interests/actions was the most frequent form of sexual talk. Most surprisingly, sexual risk/responsibility was represented much more in Girls than in shows evaluated in previous television content analyses.
International Energy Trade and Investor-State Arbitration: What Role for Sustainable Development?

Energy trade entails more than the purchase and sale of sources of power. It involves transactions involving equipment for production, international shipping and transmission, and an array of sophisticated financial products that seek to reduce risk or costs. Accompanying the internationalization of the energy market is an increasing number of international investment agreements (IIAs), which have facilitated the global growth of the industry. In addition to providing protection to investors from State Parties to treaties when they invest in corresponding State Parties, IIAs may also allow an aggrieved investor to arbitrate a claim against a Host State.
Method for generating linear current-field characteristics and eliminating charging delay in no-insulation superconducting magnets

No-insulation (NI) rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) magnets are promising for high field or high temperature superconducting magnets because they simplify quench protection. However, the turn-to-turn leakage current path induced by the absence of insulation introduces nonlinearities into the magnetic fieldcurrent characteristic and significant delay in reaching the desired field. This paper shows that active feedback control can mitigate both the nonlinearity and the charging delay. To verify our approach, simulations and tests were performed with an NI REBCO magnet made of 13 double-pancake coils. A proportional and integral (PI) feedback control of the power supply was adopted which allowed determination of the appropriate PI gains using dynamic simulations of the equivalent circuit of the NI magnet. Feedback control tests were then performed in liquid nitrogen at 77 K. The time to reach 99.5% of the target magnetic field to become essentially steady-state was reduced by more than 2000 times from 850 s without control to 0.4 s with control. The results demonstrate a potential that one of the most significant perceived disadvantages of an NI magnet can essentially be removed by active feedback control of the power supply current.
Fracture Healing and Imaging Evaluation

This article reviews current fracture healing concepts to help radiologists understand what constitutes fracture healing, image fractures most effectively, and recognize complications. Ongoing bone biology research is leading to greater understanding of fracture healing mechanisms and potential therapies. Also recent work has attempted to scientifically validate fracture healing criteria, while technological imaging advances provide better tools for evaluating fracture healing and diagnosing fracture complications. A greater understanding of fracture healing impacts imaging and treatment strategies. Radiography remains essential in follow-up care but can be supplemented by several imaging techniques when complications arise.
SMALL DEVIATIONS FROM SYMMETRY IN MODELS IN POPULATION BIOLOGY

Publisher Summary This chapter describes small deviations from symmetry in models in population biology. In many examples of models from ecology and genetics, natural symmetries are present, which allow an explicit determination of asymptotically stable and unstable states in a model as a function of some natural parameter. Two examples are certain multilocus population genetic models, where the natural parameter is r, the recombination fraction and ecological models for two competing species occurring in two patches where the natural parameter is the migration rate. The natural parameter can be used as a bifurcation parameter, and a bifurcation diagram can be constructed using the explicitly derived solutions. The chapter presents an example from population genetics. It also focuses on a deterministic discrete, nonoverlapping generation population genetic model, and presents an approach that illustrates how to obtain information about models that are close to models for which explicit solutions are available.
Rerouting Galician Studies: Intellectual Cartographies of the USA

Since the 1960s, identity politics, the proliferation of new subjects of emancipation, and the abandonment of a ‘statocentric’ concept of power have shaped alternative theoretical paradigms within the liberal arts field, especially in the USA. These critical trends have re-enabled and reshaped potential approaches to Galician Studies, which had a constant presence in the English-speaking world since the 1980s. In light of the epistemological, symbolical, and theoretical challenges Galician Studies faces in the USA, this essay reflects on the process of institutionalization of the field, on the level of autonomy it possesses within the English-speaking academic context, and on the consequences and conflicts involved in scholarly attempts to locate and legitimate Galician Studies within and beyond the university.
Contribution of Liver Fibrosis and Microbial Translocation to Immune Activation in Persons Infected With HIV and/or Hepatitis C Virus

Background The independent contributions of microbial translocation and liver fibrosis to immune activation in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected persons are unclear. Methods Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate whether intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP: a marker of gut epithelial integrity) and transient elastography-measured liver fibrosis might mediate the association of HIV and HCV with the soluble CD14 (sCD14) level in 120 individuals with HIV and HCV coinfection, 262 with HIV monoinfection, 72 with HCV monoinfection, and 170 without infection. Results Coinfected individuals, HIV-monoinfected individuals, and HCV-monoinfected individuals had 37%, 21%, and 12% higher sCD14 levels, respectively, than uninfected individuals, after multivariable adjustment. Additional adjustment for I-FABP level modestly attenuated the association of HIV infection, but attenuation occurred to a lesser extent in the HCV-monoinfected group. Adjustment for liver fibrosis substantially attenuated the association of HCV infection, but attenuation occurred to a lesser extent in the HIV-monoinfected group. Relative to the uninfected group, the primary mediator of the sCD14 level was the I-FABP level in the HIV-infected groups and liver fibrosis in the HCV-monoinfected group. Conclusion HIV and HCV are independently and additively associated with higher a sCD14 level. Our findings suggest that microbial translocation contributes to an increased sCD14 level during HIV infection, whereas liver fibrosis plays a stronger role during HCV monoinfection. Coinfected persons may be at greatest risk for progression, because of the independent effects of microbial translocation and liver fibrosis on immune activation.
Collaborating agents: Values, sociality, and moral responsibility

I respond to the Behavioral and Brain Sciences commentaries on my book, Talking to Our Selves: Reflection, Ignorance, and Agency. I defend and amend both the skeptical challenge to morally responsible agency, that is, the book's impetus, and the anti-skeptical theory I develop to address that challenge. Regarding the skeptical challenge, I argue that it must be taken more seriously than some of my sanguine commentators assert, and consider some ways its impact might be blunted, such as by appeal to individual differences and the practical efficacy of human behavior. Regarding my positive theory, I defend the role of values in morally responsible agency against numerous criticisms, and consider various suggestions for elaborating my social, "collaborativist" account of morally responsible agency. In closing, I comment on the appropriate aspirations for theorizing about moral responsibility and agency.
The Effect of Structures on Migratory and Local Marine Birds

The Buccaneer Field structures represent one of many man-made changes in the waters of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. This area comprises a well-known and long-used flyway for migratory birds which pass from southern Mexico and the Yucatan Peninsula northward to the shores of the Gulf states in the spring and pass southward along the same route in the fall. Prior to the establishment of man-made structures in the Gulf, the migratory route would necessarily have been made across a featureless expanse of water 480 nautical miles wide at the narrowest point, with the complete trip being made non-stop (Pettingill, 1970). Birds migrating across water fly at heights of approximately 150– 300 m (Bellrose, 1971). Flying at this altitude, birds can readily see structures the size of the Buccaneer platforms. It has been noted that birds will land on ships and structures during the migratory season, particularly under adverse weather conditions.
An Economically Efficient, Environmentally Sustainable and Socially Equitable Decision Support System for Asopos River Basin: A Manual of Measures

This Chapter focuses on the development of a Decision Support System (DSS) for Asopos River Basin (RB) in order to achieve the holistic management of water resources and their ecosystems in the catchment area. As a result, the final output of this application is to identify measures that will contribute to the restoration of the ecosystem in Asopos River. The chapter at a first stage introduces the steps involved in the development of the DSS. Then the deliverables of this process are reported. Important components of the DSS include the gathering of available studies in the area, creation of a database of meteorological and hydrological parameters in the area, estimation in space and time of the parameters of the hydrological table and identification of pressures related to water resources in the area. Further components include the valuation of functions in the catchment, building of different scenarios conditional on changes on precipitation, temperature and water use, estimation in space and time of changes on the parameters of the hydrological table and pressures under the different scenarios. Finally, the DSS suggests measures for the economically efficient, environmentally sustainable and socially equal management of the basin. The considered measures involve among others a number of economic instruments such as standards and quotas, water abstraction taxes, pollution taxes, subsidies, tradable permits, voluntary agreements and liability legislation. It is expected that these instruments can provide the appropriate incentives for efficient water resources management.
Fractal Characterization of Nuclear Texture in Breast Cytology:Frequency and Spatial Domain Approaches

The diagnosis of breast epithelial cell lesions in cytology is subject to considerable inter-observer variability, and therefore the need for adjuvant diagnostic modalities such as image analysis is acute. Chromatin appearance is among the most important of the criteria used by cytologists in the diagnosis of neoplasia, and its effective quantitative description is of great importance for the automation of cytological screening and diagnosis using image analysis procedures. This study explores the possibility that fractal dimension may be used to characterize chromatin texture. The digitized light microscopic image of a nucleus is viewed as a surface by plotting intensity as a function of position in the image. The fractal nature of this putative statistically self-affine surface can then be characterized both in the spatial domain, with a Minkowski-Bouligand dimension, and in the frequency domain, with a spectral exponent. Since conventional frequency domain approaches assume a rectangular image, a new iterative approach is suggested for determining the spectral exponent of a nuclear image, called the iterative spectral dimension method. These methods were applied to describe chromatin appearance in fine needle aspiration biopsies of the breast from eight patients with benign epithelial cell lesions and 11 with carcinomas. Chromatin appearance is shown to be statistically self-affine in breast epithelial cell nuclear images. While the mean Minkowski dimension did not differ significantly between the benign and malignant patients, the average mean spectral fractal dimension differed significantly (p = 0.0057) between benign (D S = 2.844) and malignant (D S = 2.799) cases. Using logistic regression to classify patients based on their mean fractal texture dimensions and nuclear areas, 16 of the 19 cases were diagnosed correctly. Fractals are an appropriate paradigm for describing chromatin appearance and they provide important diagnostic information.
Suppression of IL-1β production in alveolar macrophages by the thioredoxin reductase inhibitor auranofin

Inflammation via alveolar macrophage production of IL-1β plays a major role in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Previous work in our lab has established that thioredoxin reductase-1 (TXNRD1) inhibition is protective in ALI mouse models. This response is largely driven by nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) activation. We hypothesize that TXNRD1 inhibition decreases IL-1β production and increases Nrf2 dependent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory cytokines in alveolar macrophages. MH-S cells were cultured in the presence or absence of 0.05 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 0.5 µM auranofin (AFN). AFN inhibited TXNRD1 activity by 90% and resulted in nuclear Nrf2 accumulation. Within 2hrs, IL-1β mRNA levels, assessed by qRT-PCR, were 200-fold greater in the presence of LPS alone; an effect that was attenuated by 50% when co-treated with AFN. The same trend was observed for IL-1β protein levels, assessed by ELISA at 6h. IL-1β levels were 18-fold higher than control in LPS-treated cells but only 10-fold greater in the presence of AFN. Glutathione (GSH) levels, measured at 24h by Tietze recycling assay, were 2.5-fold greater in AFN and LPS/AFN-treated cells compared to control treated cells. LPS alone resulted in a 1.4-fold increase in GSH levels. Cell viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion at 24h. Compared to control-treated cells, two way ANOVA analyses revealed an independent effect of LPS but not AFN on cell viability. Viability was not different between cells treated with LPS or LPS/AFN. These results indicate that TXNRD1 inhibition attenuates LPS mediated increases IL-1β in alveolar macrophages. Along with the suppression of IL-1β, a robust increase in endogenous antioxidant responses likely contributes increased survival in our ARDS model. This work implicates alterations in macrophage anti-inflammatory and antioxidant biology as a mechanism by which TXNRD1 inhibition is protective in ALI.
DO-SRS imaging of metabolic dynamics in animals (Conference Presentation)

Understanding the dynamics of metabolism in a multicellular organism is essential to unraveling the mechanistic basis of many biological processes. It is the synthesis, transformation and degradation of biomolecules (the definition of metabolism) that carry out the genetic blueprint, which cannot be imaged in vivo by using traditional methods. In the present work, we developed a new method that combines D2O probing and Stimulated Raman Scattering microscopy (DO-SRS) to visualize metabolic dynamics in live animals. The enzymatic incorporation of D2O-derived deuterium (D) into biomolecules will generate carbon-deuterium (C-D) bonds in macromolecules. Within the broad vibrational spectra of C-D bonds, we discover lipid-, protein-, and DNA-specific Raman shifts and develop spectral unmixing methods to obtain C-D signals with macromolecular selectivity. We obtained new biological insights in several studies such as the spatial dependence of lipogenic activities of sebaceous glands, specific myelination timing of the developing mouse brain, differential protein and lipid metabolism in germline development of C. elegans as well as its aging process, the spatial constrain for the distribution of newly synthesized yolk proteins in aged C. elegans, the prevalence of protein biosynthesis and the lack of lipogenesis in zebrafish embryos, and intratumoral metabolic heterogeneity. In summary, we demonstrated that our current DO-SRS method is better than other deuterium-labeled carbon substrate in monitoring and imaging metabolic activities. This technique can track specifically de novo lipogenesis, image in vivo protein biosynthesis without tissue bias, and can simultaneously image spatial temporal dynamics of lipid and protein.
Social Media, Venue and the Right to a Fair Trial

Judicial failure to recognize social media’s influence on juror decision making has identifiable constitutional implications. The Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial demands that courts grant a defendant’s change of venue motion when media-generated pretrial publicity invades the unbiased sensibility of those who are asked to sit in judgment. Courts limit publicity suitable for granting a defendant’s motion to information culled from newspapers, radio, and television reports. Since about 2014, however, a handful of defendants have introduced social media posts to support their claims of unconstitutional bias in the community. Despite defendants’ introduction of negative social media in support of their claims, these same courts have yet to include social media in their evaluation of pretrial publicity bias. But social media is media, and as this article demonstrates, trial court judges faced with deciding change of venue motions have a constitutional obligation to include social media in their evaluations. The collective refusal to treat social media the same as biased television, radio, or print media, suggests an erroneous assumption on the part of lower courts that social media is somehow different. This article identifies three reasons as justification for dismissing social media: social media is too recent a medium to fully understand and analyze, social media is not a legitimate news source, and social media is opinion based. Application of pretrial social media publicity to long-standing Supreme Court change of venue doctrine, coupled with its exploration of scientific and social research on social media influence, debunk these lower court rationalizations. This article demonstrates that the reluctance of courts to consider social media evidence when deciding whether to grant a motion for a change of venue is a violation of any defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial. On a larger scale, the article demands that courts embrace our new reality. Social media intersects with criminal justice, and our daily lives, in ways that demand judicial recognition.
Abstract 98: Antiphospholipid Antibodies Induce Thrombosis by Activating Endothelial PP2A via ApoER2-Dab2-PSD95 Complex Formation

In the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), patients generate antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) that promote thrombosis. We previous showed that aPL recognition of the endothelial cell surface protein β2-Glycoprotein I (β2GPI) causes β2GPI to interact with the LDL receptor family member ApoER2 and thereby antagonize endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). The decrease in bioavailable NO then leads to exaggerated thrombus formation. In the present work we sought to determine how aPL and the β2GPI-ApoER2 tandem antagonize eNOS. Initial experiments employed co-immunoprecipitation, RNAi-based gene silencing and adenoviral introduction of mutant proteins into human aortic endothelial cells. We discovered that in contrast to normal human IgG from healthy subjects (NHIgG), aPL invoke the formation of a complex between the cytoplasmic tail of ApoER2 and Dab-2 and PSD95, and that the formation of the complex is required for eNOS antagonism. We also found that ApoER2-Dab2-PSD95 complex formation in response to aPL potently act...
Albuminuria Testing by Race and Ethnicity among Patients with Hypertension with and without Diabetes.

Background Detection of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) among patients with hypertension (HTN) provides an opportunity for early treatment, potentially mitigating risk of CKD progression and cardiovascular complications. Differences in UACR testing patterns among racial/ethnic populations at risk for CKD could contribute to known disparities in CKD complications. Methods We examined the prevalence of UACR testing among low-income adult primary care patients with HTN, defined by a new administrative code for HTN or 2 clinic blood pressures >140/90 mm Hg between January 1, 2014, and January 1, 2017, in one public health-care delivery system with a high prevalence of end-stage kidney disease among race/ethnic minorities. Logistic regression was used to identify odds of UACR testing within 1 year of a HTN diagnosis, overall, and by racial/ethnic subgroup, adjusted for demographic factors, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and HTN severity. Models were also stratified by diabetes status. Results The cohort (n = 16,414) was racially/ethnically diverse (16% White, 21% Black, 34% Asian, 19% Hispanic, and 10% other) and 51% female. Only 35% of patients had UACR testing within 1 year of a HTN diagnosis. Among individuals without diabetes, odds of UACR testing were higher among Asians, Blacks, and Other subgroups compared to Whites (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.19; 95% CI 1.00-1.42 for Blacks; aOR 1.33; 1.13-1.56 for Asians; aOR 1.30; 1.04-1.60 for Other) but were not significantly different between Hispanics and Whites (aOR 1.17; 0.97-1.39). Among individuals with diabetes, only Asians had higher odds of UACR testing compared to Whites (aOR 1.35; 1.12-1.63). Conclusions Prevalence of UACR testing among low-income patients with HTN is low in one public health-care delivery system, with higher odds of UACR testing among racial/ethnic minority subgroups compared to Whites without diabetes and similar odds among those with diabetes. If generalizable, less albuminuria testing may not explain higher prevalence of kidney failure in racial/ethnic minorities.
Predictors of extensive subclinical spread in squamous cell carcinoma.

e22093Background: Extensive spread of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is often clinically imperceptible but has a profound impact on risk of recurrence and metastasis. Accurate identification of high...
Anxiety Politics in Singapore: The ‘Koro Crisis’ of 1967

In 1967, many Singaporeans became convinced that their sexual organs were withering away. This mass anxiety – known as Koro – presented, perhaps, the oddest challenge for public administration in the early years of Singapore’s independence. Linked to the country’s declining pig industry and Lee Kuan Yew’s personal efforts to attract foreign investment, the episode illustrates important principles for the role of public service in state-building.
Enlichenment: insights towards AI impact in education through a mycelial partnership between research, policy, and practice

This column raises the question, as we begin to emerge from COVID 19, what is the role of the field of AI in this emerging reality? We specifically consider this in the face of tremendous learning loss and widening achievement gaps. In this wake, what specifically is the role of AI in the future of education as we move forward? This question bridges the worlds of basic research and the seemingly distant worlds of policy and practice.
Resistance in Enterobacterales is higher among people with HIV.

BACKGROUND Multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales (MDR-E) are important pathogens. People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be at greater risk for MDR-E infection given relatively high antibiotic exposure and burden of comorbidities. METHODS Analyses were conducted using data collected on 36,521 patients in a healthcare system in North Carolina, who had at least 1 clinical culture with growth of an Enterobacterales species from 2000-2018; 440 were people with HIV infection (PWH). We used generalized linear models to estimate prevalence ratios and differences contrasting patients with and without HIV for resistance to individual antibiotic classes, as well as MDR-E. We assessed trends in prevalence over time by calculating the 5-year moving average and fitting restricted cubic spline models. RESULTS The overall prevalence of MDR-E was higher among PWH (21.5% [95% CI: 18.2%-25.1%]) versus patients without HIV (16.5% [95% CI: 16.2%-16.9%], with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.14-1.65). PWH had higher rates of antimicrobial resistance than patients without HIV for all antibiotic classes analyzed, including penicillins, penicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations, and sulfonamides. MDR-E prevalence was 3 to 10 percentage points higher among PWH than patients without HIV throughout the study period based on the 5-year moving average. CONCLUSION In a large clinical study population in the southeastern US from 2000-2018, the prevalence of antibacterial resistance among Enterobacterales was consistently higher among PWH than patients without HIV. These data highlight the importance of identifying and mitigating the factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance in PWH, given the potential clinical consequences of these resistant pathogens.
Liminal Labor Law

How do people, organizations, and even movements bounce back from losses and setbacks? For organized labor, the disappointments are routinely legal: an overturned precedent, a loss of coverage, or even the accelerated degradation of the National Labor Relations Act (Act) regime itself. In aggregate, these and other law-based defeats pose a serious, even existential, threat to unions. And yet, the labor movement does not just forge ahead, it renews, shape-shifts, and, in many circles, energizes. This article suggests that the legal setbacks, and the persistence, are sometimes connected. Put otherwise, the way labor law is bad is sometimes linked to the movement’s resiliency. In making this case, the article argues that the law’s deficiencies often force movement actors and institutions to operate within “in-between” spaces: precedential instability means rules often exist between what a current decision says it is and predictions about when a future decision will say it is not; organizing protections can hang in a balance between NLRB-created identity poles; and if labor law might range from no rights to great rights, current rights rest, and frequently backslide, between those two extremes. These and other legal in-betweens are ultimately corrosive to collective bargaining and must be fixed. But in the meantime, there is increasing academic, business, and even pop-empirical evidence that in-between or, as described in cultural anthropology, “liminal” states are ripe for creative thought, new relational commitments, and beneficial change. How these and other liminal effects might be located within the labor movement are explored through three very recent case studies involving reversed joint-employer precedent, graduate student misclassification, and the Trump NLRB’s aggressive attempts to further limit the role of collective bargaining in American life.
Monitoring the Process Mean and Variance Using Individual Observations and Variable Sampling Intervals

In this paper we investigate control charts for monitoring a process to detect changes in the mean and/or variance of a normal quality variable when an individual observation is taken at each sampl...
Analysis of Triangular Bracket-Type Plates

Plates typifying brackets used in structural steel applications are analyzed as to their elastic stability characteristics; Rayleigh-Ritz energy method was used for solution, including use of feature that conditions of equilibrium need not be satisfied by original displacement expressions; large deflection theory using double power series expressions for displacements was used to determine loaded edge deformation at which elastic buckling was imminent.
Prevention of recurrent portal hypertensive bleeding

In patients with cirrhosis who have survived an episode of acute variceal hemorrhage, the risk of recurrent bleeding approaches 65–70%, with the highest risk period occurring within 6 weeks of the index bleed1, 2, 3. The associated mortality for each episode of variceal hemorrhage has improved considerably over the past 20 years, but remains at 15–20%3, 4. Therefore, treatment to prevent recurrent hemorrhage is mandatori. Although current pharmacologic and/or endoscopic treatment is successful in controlling bleeding in 90% of patients, rebleeding is not uncommon, with an 18% rate reported in a recent study, and a 5-day failure rate of 13%3. Therefore treatment to prevent recurrent bleeding should be initiated as soon as the patient is stable.
Drag Reduction by Cooling in Hydrogen-Fueled Aircraft

Drag reductions are possible for cryo-fueled aircraft by using fuel to cool selected aerodynamic surfaces on its way to the engines. This is because cooled laminar boundary layers in air at subsonic and low supersonic speeds are more stable than adiabatic boundary layers and therefore more resistant to transition to turbulent flow. Calculations for A/=0.85 hydrogen-fueled transport show that drag reductions in cruise of about 20% are within reason. The weight of the fuel saved is well in excess of the weight of the required cooling system. These results suggest that the hydrogen fueled aircraft employing surface cooling is quite attractive as an energy conservative aircraft and warrants more detailed study.
The elongation factor 2 content of mammalian cells. Assay method and relation to ribosome number.

Abstract A method is described for quantitatively assaying elongation factor 2 (EF-2), the enzyme that catalyses the translocation of polypeptidyl tRNA on eucaryotic ribosomes. Tissue homogenates are centrifuged in the presence of 0.5 m salt, which removes EF-2 from ribosomes, and charcoal, which adsorbs endogenous NAD. The soluble extract is incubated with 0.18 m histamine, activated diphtheria toxin, and [32P]NAD of known specific activity, and the resulting acid-insoluble [32P]ADP-ribosyl EF-2 is counted. The EF-2 content of different tissues is closely correlated with the number of ribosomes with an average ratio of about 1.2 molecules per ribosome. On centrifuging sucrose homogenates of tissues, only the excess of EF-2 over the number of ribosomes remains in the supernatant fraction.
Weighted least mean square design of 2-D FIR digital filters: general weighting function

Gu and Aravena obtained weighted least mean square solutions, to the design, of 2D FIR filters, which are most suitable for quadrantally symmetric, and quadrantally antisymmetric filters with zero/one weighting functions. The present paper solves the weighted least mean square design of 2D FIR filters with general half plane symmetric frequency responses and weightings. The optimal solution is shown to be the fix point of a map characterized by a pair of coupled integral equations. An efficient numerical algorithm using a 2D FFT is proposed to iteratively solve the weighted least mean square solution. Convergence of the iterative algorithms follows from the fact that the integral equations define a contraction mapping. Examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design algorithms. >
Terms of trade and domestic distribution: A comment

Abstract This note comments on a paper by Chichilnisky in the April 1981 issue of this Journal. It is shown that within the context of her model a rightward shift in the demand curve of the North for exports from the South can never result in a worsening of the terms of trade for the South. It is, however, possible that the quantity of exports from the South may decline in the new equilibrium due to the income effect of the improved terms of trade.
Visualization of scene structure uncertainty in multi-view reconstruction

This paper presents an interactive visualization system, based upon previous work, that allows for the analysis of scene structure uncertainty and its sensitivity to parameters in different multi-view scene reconstruction stages. Given a set of input cameras and feature tracks, the volume rendering-based approach creates a scalar field from reprojection error measurements. The obtained statistical, visual, and isosurface information provides insight into the sensitivity of scene structure at the stages leading up to structure computation, such as frame decimation, feature tracking, and self-calibration. Furthermore, user interaction allows for such an analysis in ways that have traditionally been achieved mathematically, without any visual aid. Results are shown for different types of camera configurations for real and synthetic data as well as compared to prior work.
Reactions of Laser-Ablated Gold with Nitric Oxide: Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations of AuNO and Au(NO)2 in Solid Argon and Neon†

Laser-ablated gold reacts with nitric oxide in excess argon and neon, yielding the neutral nitrosyl complexes AuNO and Au(NO)2 as the main products. The N−O and Au−N stretching modes of AuNO are observed at 1701.9 and 517.6 cm-1 in solid argon and at 1710.4 and 523.8 cm-1 in solid neon. Both BPW91 and B3LYP density functionals predict 1A‘ state frequencies in very good agreement. An NBO analysis suggests more d orbital involvement in the bonding in AuNO than in the copper and silver nitrosyls. The dinitrosyl Au(NO)2 is observed at 1510.7 and 3183.2 cm-1 in solid argon and at 1528.2 and 3204.1 cm-1 in solid neon, which are in good agreement with DFT quartet state fundamental and combination frequencies: Au(NO)2 shows evidence for increased charge transfer and sd hybridization compared to AuNO. The cation nitrosyls Au(NO)1,2+ are minor products.
Funding an undergraduate microcomputer laboratory: a case study

A National Science Foundation grant was used to fund a microcomputer laboratory for teaching research skills. Issues relating to the grant process are discussed. Also discussed are hardware and software selections, administrative and physical structure of the lab, and the implementation in both introductory and advanced courses.
Diet and Exercise in Parenthood: A Social Control Perspective

Previous work on social control—the direct and indirect regulation of an individual’s health behaviors by others—suggests that parent–child relationships promote healthy diet and exercise. Yet parenthood is associated with less healthy diet and exercise patterns. The authors investigated this paradox by examining social control processes in 40 in-depth interviews with mothers and fathers. They found that parenthood involves social control processes that both promote and compromise healthy behavior, contributing to contradictory perceived effects of parenthood on health behavior. Moreover, the dynamics of social control appear to unfold in different ways for mothers and fathers and depend on the child’s gender and life stage, suggesting that gender and age dyads are central to understanding the seemingly contradictory consequences of parenthood at the population level. These articulations of gendered social control processes provide new insight into the consequences of the gendered organization of parenthood for diet and exercise.
INTERFACE SLIP CAUSED BY A SURFACE LOAD MOVING AT CONSTANT SPEED

Abstract Slip at the interface between a layer and a substrate caused by a slowly moving tangential force on the surface of the layer is considered. The solution shows a significant departure from the stationary load case. In particular, a permanent tangential displacement is left behind the moving load, symmetry is lost, and the shear tractions have continuous derivatives at the trailing edge of the transition zone.
Clausius‐Clapeyron relations for an evaporating solid conductor

We propose a number of experiments designed to test Thomson's thermodynamic theory of nucleation in the presence of electrostatic fields. In each proposed experiment, a two-phase system is kept inside a charged capacitor whose top plate can act as a piston imposing external pressure. We present Clausius-Clapeyron relations for a number of scenarios. In particular, we show the unexpected result that if the voltage U is changed isothermally and isobarically, then the accumulated charge T remains unchanged.
Translating Values: Mercantilism and the Many "Biographies" of Pocahontas

Seventeenth century mercantilist economics is based on "translating": foreign wealth changes meaning or value in becoming domestic property. The Pocahontas story manipulates biographical evidence to mercantilist ends: she is "translated" by love and marriage into a British subject, "domesticating" her Indian lands into British/American property. Retelling this story keeps American mercantilism alive, reaffirming the mythic belief that the US is the inevitable end-product of all translation.
The research on development direction and points in IoT in China power grid

Internet of Things is an important support for smart grid, and the smart grid is an important application of the internet of things. The industrial development of internet of things has risen to national strategy. In this paper, the basic connotations, features, architecture in IoT in China power grid and the relationship with the smart grid are introduced and the current shortcomings are analysed. Combined with the planning and operational characteristics of smart grid, the development stage, hierarchical research and the key technology are summarized. Finally, we look forward to an advanced form of IoT in power grid.
The interaction of CO and O2 with the (111) surface of Pt3Ti

Abstract The electronic properties of clean and partly oxidized Pt 3 Ti(111) surfaces have been studied utilizing carbon monoxide both as a probe and as a reducing agent. Vibrational frequencies and desorption profiles of chemisorbed CO as well as ion scattering and angular resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggest that the first atomic layer of annealed Pt 3 Ti(111) is quasi-pure platinum. Scarcely any (θ ≈ 0.01) dissociation of CO was observed. Minor shifts of vibrational frequencies and desorption temperatures compared to Pt(111) and a p(2 × 2) “reconstruction” of the clean surface reveal some influence of the bulk. Auger spectroscopy, XPS, and ion scattering all show an increased titanium signal as a result of oxidation. Surface bound atomic oxygen gives a vibrational band around 650 cm −1 which coincides with infrared absorption spectra of TiO 2 . Flashing with CO shifts the band to 500 cm −1 . Correlated with this shift we observe (i) CO 2 desorption at a temperature well above that observed for Pt(111)/O, (ii) an altered Ti XPS signal, and (iii) a reduced oxygen concentration. Subsequently adsorbed CO molecules vibrate at the same frequencies as on the bare surface, give the same c(4 × 2) LEED pattern, and desorb at the same temperatures but with reduced intensity, in all proving that the surface oxide only acts as a site-blocker with respect to the metal surface. Our current understanding of these observations is that oxygen creates “islands of TiO 2 ”, segregated to the surface but with no electronic influence on remaining areas of the platinum enriched metal surface. The hexacoordinated Ti 4+ ions on the surface of these islands are reduced by CO to pentacoordinated Ti 3+ species. The vibrational shift, 650 to 500 cm −1 , can be understood by the dipole active bands of a triatomic O−Ti 4+ −O vibrator compared to a diatomic Ti 3+ −O vibrator.
Microscale Methodology for Structure Elucidation of Natural Products

Advances in microscale spectroscopic techniques, particularly microcryoprobe NMR, allow discovery and structure elucidation of new molecules down to only a few nanomole. Newer methods for utilizing circular dichroism (CD) have pushed the limits of detection to picomole levels. NMR and CD methods are complementary to the task of elucidation of complete stereostructures of complex natural products. Together, integrated microprobe NMR spectroscopy, microscale degradation and synthesis, are synergistic tools for the discovery of bioactive natural products and have opened new realms for discovery among extreme sources including compounds from uncultured microbes, rare invertebrates and environmental samples.
Foraging tactics of two guilds of web-spinning spiders

The foraging behavior of orbweaving and sheetweb weaving guilds of spiders was investigated. Orbweavers move among web-sites frequently, but sheetweb weavers do not. A simple model that examines the adaptive advantages of active foraging and sit-and-wait strategies leads to three predictions: 1) Orbweavers should have a simple decision rule for leaving web-sites, 2) Orbweavers' web-sites should have more variable payoffs than do the web-sites of sheetweb weavers, and 3) Orbweavers should have a lower cost of moving than do sheetweb weavers. Field and experimental data bear out each prediction. In addition, analysis of the residence times of spiders at web-sites that are used more than once reveals that members of the two guilds do not compete with each other for web-sites.
Numerical Solution for Laminar Two Dimensional Flow About a Cylinder Oscillating in a Uniform Stream

A finite difference model is presented for viscous two dimensional flow of a uniform stream past an oscillating cylinder. A noninertial coordinate transformation is used so that the grid mesh remains fixed relative to the accelerating cylinder. Three types of cylinder motion are considered: oscillation in a still fluid, oscillation parallel to a moving stream, and oscillation transverse to a moving stream. Computations are made for Reynolds numbers between 1 and 100 and amplitude-to-diameter ratios from 0.1 to 2.0. The computed results correctly predict the lock-in or wake-capture phenomenon which occurs when cylinder oscillation is near the natural vortex shedding frequency. Drag, lift, and inertia effects are extracted from the numerical results. Detailed computations at a Reynolds number of 80 are shown to be in quantitative agreement with available experimental data for oscillating cylinders.
Parameters governing speech intelligibility

Abstract Intelligibility of natural speech is talker-dependent and the sources of the differences are unclear. Speech intelligibility can be enhanced by mode of talking, one of which has been termed “clear speech”. This involves talking in such a manner as to improve hearing-impaired listeners' understanding of speech and is characterized by a more precise articulation rather than just a slow rate of talking. Some of the parameters which have been identified in clear speech were subsequently used with some success in speech enhancement systems for improved speech intelligibility for hearing-impaired listeners. Understanding of parameters governing speech intelligibility is very important for construction of speech perception tests and for production of synthetic speech. Proliferation of synthetic messages in public areas demands that synthetic productions be highly intelligible.
MAGIC-ANGLE LINE NARROWING IN OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY.

Spin decoupling and line narrowing are observed for the first time in an optical transition, 3H4 ↔ 1D2 of Pr3+. in LaF3 at 2°K, using optical FID. The 19F nuclei, when irradiated by an appropriate rf field, undergo forced precession about an effective field at the magic angle in the rotating frame. The fluctuating 19F–19F dipolar interaction is thereby quenched and the optical linewidth drops from ~10 to ~2 kHz, as predicted in a theory of spin diffusion.
The time course of sebum secretion in the guinea-pig

Abstract 1. 1. The time course of sebum secretion in the guinea-pig ( Cavia porcellus ) was determined by intradermal injection of [1- 14 C]acetate followed by daily collection of the skin surface lipids at the injection site. 2. 2. The skin surface lipids reached a peak of radioactivity at 5–6 days, indicating that this is the time which elapses between the synthesis of sebum and the surface excretion of the sebaceous lipids. 3. 3. Of the three major skin surface lipid components, the sterol esters (25%) and the wax diesters (25%) showed similar peaks of radioactivity after labelling, but the glycerol ether diesters (30%) showed no radioactivity at any time, suggesting that this lipid is not produced in the skin.