cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Who collaborates successfully?: prior experience reduces collaboration barriers in distributed interdisciplinary research

Two recent studies of over 500 interdisciplinary research projects have documented comparatively poor outcomes of more distributed projects and the failed coordination mechanisms that partly account for these problems. In this paper we report results of an analysis of dyadic data from the most recent of these studies. The question we asked is, "Does prior experience with a collaborator reduce the barriers of distance or interdisciplinarity?" Analyses of 3911 pairs of collaborators found an answer: "In part, yes!" A prior project with a collaborator predicts greater strength of a current collaborative work tie. Prior experience also reduces the negative impact of distance and disciplinary differences. We discuss the implications of these results for CSCW, given the lack of evidence that today's technology eliminates collaboration barriers in distributed research.
Scheduling tasks with AND/OR precedence constraints

In traditional precedence-constrained scheduling a task is ready to execute when all its predecessors are complete. Such a task is called an AND task. The authors allow certain tasks, known as OR tasks, to be ready when just one of their predecessors is complete. They analyze the complexity of two types of real-time AND/OR task scheduling problems. In the first type of problem, all predecessors of every OR task must eventually be completed, but in the second type of problem, some OR predecessors may be left unscheduled. The authors present two priority-driven heuristic algorithms that may be used to schedule AND/OR task systems on m processors to minimize completion time, and analyze the worst-case performance of these algorithms. >
Signal Reconstruction From Noisy Random Projections

Recent results show that a relatively small number of random projections of a signal can contain most of its salient information. It follows that if a signal is compressible in some orthonormal basis, then a very accurate reconstruction can be obtained from random projections. This "compressive sampling" approach is extended here to show that signals can be accurately recovered from random projections contaminated with noise. A practical iterative algorithm for signal reconstruction is proposed, and potential applications to coding, analog-digital (A/D) conversion, and remote wireless sensing are discussed
A mechanistic model for estimating VOC emissions from industrial process drains part II: The water seal

This paper deals with the second of a two-zone model developed for estimation of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from industrial process drains. Zone 2 consists of the trap volume in a sealed drain, where emissions were found to be affected by air entrainment and volatilization at the surface of the water seal. Emissions via bubble entrainment were influenced by the air entrainment rate and degree of chemical equilibrium (saturation). Each of these factors was correlated with process flowrate for both intact and disintegrated flow regimes. Entrained air bubbles were observed to approach a condition of chemical equilibrium exponentially with decreasing Henry's law constant.
Augmenting the operator function model with cognitive operations: assessing the cognitive demands of technological innovation in ship navigation

The increasing technological sophistication of ship navigation systems may significantly alter the skills, knowledge, and strategies involved in navigating large ships. Many examples in other domains illustrate the dangers of technology-driven innovations. These examples show that without a systematic method to detect design flaws and training requirements, technology-driven designs may degrade rather than enhance maritime safety. The operator function model (OFM) provides the basis for examining technological innovations; however, the OFM does not describe specific cognitive demands. Augmenting the OFM with a description of cognitive operations provides a structured cognitive task analysis tool-OFM-COG-that can identify the design and training requirements needed to safeguard system performance. This approach identifies how to tailor designs, develop training, and adjust qualifications to minimize the human errors that might otherwise accompany technological innovation. The paper shows how OFM-COG can catalog differences between traditional navigation systems and those augmented with electronic charts and collision avoidance systems. Specifically, it examines the cognitive demands of collision avoidance and track keeping, with and without advanced technological aids. This analysis demonstrates that some advanced radars may in fact increase the likelihood of certain collisions, and that the current certification process does not reflect the cognitive demands of the new technology. The analysis also indicates that electronic chart display and information systems (ECDIS) can reduce the redundancy that has served to make traditional systems quite reliable. Drawing upon these examples, the paper describes OFM-COG and demonstrates how this model-based analysis technique can document the cognitive implications of technological innovations.
Application of various population methods to some oxygenated compounds

The charge on oxygen for a series of compounds was obtained using Mulliken population, natural population analysis (NPA), integrated projected electron population (IPP) analysis, and Bader's topological density analysis, “integrated Bader populations” (IBP). The orbital-based methods (Mulliken and NPA) predict oxygen charges of about –0.6 whereas the spatial-based methods (IPP and IBP) predict charges of about – 1.2 to – 1.3. The differences are ascribed primarily to the nuclear-centered basis sets used in the orbital methods that minimize local atomic polarization effects. Accordingly, such population analyses should be used for electronic structure considerations only with due circumspection. The IPP method as an approximation to IBP shows gross similarities; small but significant differences vary in a nonsystematic manner and IPP values must also be used with care.
Incidence and Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in PICUs.

Objectives:To determine the incidence of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in PICUs and subsequent outcomes.Design, Setting, and Patients:Multicenter prospective observational study of children younger than 18 years old randomly selected and intensively followed from PICU admission to hospital discharge
Size of Histamine Wheal in elation to Dose and to Animal Species.

SummaryThere is a species variation in the local reaction to intradermal injections of histamine. The dog, goat, and man show a marked skin whealing, but no such response is obtainable in the guinea pig, rabbit, or cat.The diameter of the skin wheal produced by intradermal injection is a function of the concentration of histamine used, the threshold being 0.001%. In the presence of an extraneous histamine-like substance, this relationship still exists, but the threshold of histamine sensitivity is elevated to 0.01%.A practical application to the field of experimental dermatology is suggested involving the proper selection of test animals and the use of histamine as a standardizing agent.
On Being an Expet Witness

Anxiety, apprehension, and even panic often accompany pathologists or medical technologists as they approach the witness stand. However, courtroom testimony need not to be a traumatic experience, provided one develops an understanding of the legal process. This article outlines the basic legal concepts and procedures needed to prepare for an incursion into the domain of courtrooms and lawyers.
INVESTIGATING THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MEASUREMENT INVARIANCE TESTS: THE EFFECTS OF COMMON METHOD VARIANCE.

The topic of measurement equivalence/invariance (ME/I) is an ongoing concern in organizational research, but we know little about procedural accuracy of the tests. The present study uses Monte Carl...
Interleukin-6: a regulator of plasma protein gene expression in hepatic and non-hepatic tissues.

The cytokine which is now called interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a major systemic alarm signal produced by essentially every injured tissue in response to almost every kind of damage. The hallmark of IL-6 gene regulation is its induction in many different tissues by inflammation-associated cytokines, bacterial products, virus infection and by activation of any of the three major signal transduction pathways (diacylglycerol, cAMP and Ca2(+)-activated). Many of these inducers act largely through a 23 base-pair "multi-response element" in the IL-6 promoter. Different tissues secrete multiple post-translationally modified forms of IL-6 (six protein species in the size range 23 to 30 kDa, and additional forms of size greater than or equal to 45 kDa). IL-6 plays a key role in activating a variety of host defence mechanisms that are aimed at limiting tissue injury. Thus, IL-6 elicits major changes in the biochemical, physiological and immunological status of the host (e.g. the "acute phase" plasma protein response). IL-6 enhances plasma protein gene expression not only in hepatocytes but also in monocytes, fibroblasts and lymphocytes. Elevated levels of IL-6 are observed in body fluids during acute and chronic infections, neoplasia and autoimmune diseases. The nature of the IL-6 receptor in hepatic and non-hepatic cells, the different signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of particular liver genes by IL-6, the association between IL-6 levels in body fluids and clinical outcome and between IL-6 haplotypes and specific disease states remain to be explored in detail.
Emerging Market Companies as Globalizers

As seen in Chapter 2, there has been an explosion of emerging world globalizers into the international scene in the past 20 years. Since 1995, BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India, and China) alone have seen their combined share of revenue in the Global 500 catapult from less than 1 percent to 10.4 percent (Black and Morrison, 2010). The number of emerging market transnational corporations tripled from six to an average of 18 of the largest 100 in the decade between 2001 and 2011. If anything this underestimates the role of emerging market globalizers by discounting SOEs or sovereign wealth funds. And these emerging world enterprises are globalizing at an increasing pace. Yet to suggest that all emerging world globalizers are the same drastically oversimplifies the situation—they are quite diverse, but despite this they do share some similarities. These will be explored in this chapter and several case studies will highlight their expansion successes.
Turkey and the EU: The Context Changes Again

One obvious characteristic of world affairs today is rapid â€“ possibly accelerating-- change. When I wrote about â€˜Turkey and the EUâ€™ for the Academia Europaea meeting in Vienna October 2012, my subtitle was â€˜A Changed Contextâ€™. In 2012 the EU was still in the grip of the crisis over the euro, which had teetered on the brink of collapse and was only just beginning to look a little more secure. In contrast, Turkey had experienced an amazing economic boom and appeared to have successfully transitioned from an era of secular military rule to a relatively stable elected government (despite some human rights concerns) led by the moderately Islamist Justice and Development (AK) party and its broadly popular Prime Minister, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and President Abdullah Gul. The Middle East was in the throes of the â€˜Arab Springâ€™. The developed world was still largely focused on the task of recovery from the 2008â€“2009 financial crisis and pondering how to respond to the looming failure of Doha trade talks at the global level. Now, only two years later, the context has changed yet again. The EU, Turkey, the Middle East, and even global trends â€“ all are substantially different. Therefore an â€˜Updateâ€™ now follows my original text.
Big Data, Big Questions: A Closer Look at the Yale–Classical Archives Corpus (c. 2015)

This paper responds to the article by Christopher White and Ian Quinn, in which these authors introduce the Yale-Classical Archives Corpus (YCAC). I begin by making some general observations about the corpus, especially with regard to ramifications of the keyboard-performance origins of many pieces in the original MIDI collection. I then assess the accuracy of the scale-degree and local-key fields in the database, which were generated by the Bellman-Budge key-finding algorithm. I point out that some of the inaccuracies from the key-finding algorithm's output may influence the results we obtain from statistical studies of this corpus. I also offer an alternative analysis to the authors' finding that the ratio of V 7 to V chords increases over time in common-practice music. Specifically, I conjecture that this finding may be the result of (or related to) increasing instrumental resources over time. I close with some recommendations for future versions of the corpus, such as enabling end users to help repair transcription errors as well as offer ground truths for harmonic analyses and key area information.
The Role of Catheter Angiography in the Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Vasculitis.

Background: Central nervous system vasculitis (CNSV) is a rare disorder, the pathophysiology of which is not fully understood. It involves a combination of inflam
Abstract 99: COPS( Chest Pain Observational Prospective Study)- An Inpatient Quality Improvement Analysis Of Chest Pain Management Between Teaching And Non- Teaching Teams

Background: Chest pain (CP) accounts for 6 million ED visits and 50% of these are admitted for CP management. Nearly 70 % are not proven to have ACS. Challenge of CP diagnosis is thus associated with high economic burden. Aim: To evaluate the variation in CP management among teaching & non-teaching teams (NTT) Methods: Design: Prospective Observational study Setting: Single center investigation at acute care hospital Patients: 820 patients admitted with chief complaint CP to both teams from July -Nov 2011. 517 patients included in final analysis. Patients with more than one chief complaint& insufficient data were excluded. Patients identified through ED admit nurse registry on daily basis Assessment tools (AT): 5 AT described as length of hospital stay (LOS), readmission within 1 month(ROA), cardiology consult (ROC), intervention rates-non-invasive & invasive (ROI) & Co-morbid disease score based on number of co-morbid conditions (COMB) were used. Results: 70 % had non-typical CP at presentation. 13 % with non-typical CP had ACS v/s 66 % with typical CP (p-<0.001). Mean LOS was same at 2.67±1.9 days in both teams. COMB score was 4.12± 1.5 v/s 3.91 ±1.5, p-0.16, showing that both teams had similar co-morbid conditions. ROA was also not different (11.3 %± 1.5 v/s 12.7 % ±1.3, p-0.23). ROI was 46 % and near significantly high in NTT (50.5%, p-0.07). ROC was higher in NTT (67% v/s 52%, P-0.002), but associated with ACS diagnosis (p-0.005, OR 2.78). ROI & ROC did not result in significant increase in the total LOS. Overall, higher ROC was observed with ACS (p-0.001, OR-8.017), males (p-0.007, OR-1.73) & cardiac history (p-0.001 OR-2.2). Increase ROI was seen with typical CP (p-0.028, OR 1.66), ROC (p-0.001, OR 8.6) and resulted decrease in ROA (p-0.02, OR 0.50). On sub analysis of ROI, only teaching teams remains associated with reduction in readmission (p-0.03, OR-0.27). COMB Score ≥5 was associated with ROA (O.R. =7.82, 95 % CI, p=<0.001). Conclusion: There was no statistical differences found in the length of stay and readmission’s between teams. Non teaching teams used more consult services & interventions but showed no difference in any quality markers. Interventions resulted in concomitant decrease in readmission among teaching teams only. If validated COMB score can be used as a readmission predictor tool. Future efforts should be made to recognize the judicious use of cardiology consult services in timely fashion for effective management of CP patients.
Lessons from Ebola: Sources of Outbreak Information and the Associated Impact on UC Irvine and Ohio University College Students.

Objectives. We examined the role of outbreak information sources through four domains: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and stigma related to the 2014 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. Methods. We conducted an online survey of 797 undergraduates at the University of California, Irvine (UCI) and Ohio University (OU) during the peak of the outbreak. We calculated individual scores for domains and analyzed associations to demographic variables and news sources. Results. Knowledge of EVD was low and misinformation was prevalent. News media (34%) and social media (19%) were the most used sources of EVD information while official government websites (OGW) were among the least used (11%). Students who acquired information through OGW had higher knowledge, more positive attitudes towards those infected, a higher belief in the government, and were less likely to stigmatize Ebola victims. Conclusions. Information sources are likely to influence students' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and stigma relating to EVD. This study contains crucial insight for those tasked with risk communication to college students. Emphasis should be given to developing effective strategies to achieve a comprehensive knowledge of EVD and future public health threats.
Accreditation in North America, A unique Quality Assurance Program

Accreditation of Library and Information Science programs in the USA and Canada is a voluntary and self regulated activity. The nongovernmental aspect of accreditation in the USA is unique and is well suited to the American educational system which is diverse and not regulated by the government.
The Look of Losing, Then and Now: Nixon, Obama, and Nonverbal Indicators of Opportunity Lost

This article asks whether losing in a political debate is associated with a set of visible, empirically verifiable nonverbal indicators that correspond to physical weakness, pronounced stress, evas...
Wabanaki Youth in Science (WaYS): A Tribal Mentoring and Educational Program Integrating Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Western Science

The Wabanaki Youth in Science (WaYS) program provides mentoring and training opportunities in the life sciences for Native American youth in Maine. This program, which was motivated by a shortage of young natural resource professionals to manage tribal lands, uses a multifaceted approach (i.e., camps, community outreach, and internships with cultural resource and natural resource mentors) to recruit and retain native youth in science fields. A defining characteristic of the program is the integration of knowledge from cultural resource and natural resource mentors. This approach helps students develop an understanding of contemporary natural resource problems informed by their community and culture, leading to greater relevance and persistence in science. Program outcomes include increased participant awareness of and interest in natural resource management and increased enrollment of Wabanaki youth in university science programs.
Inverse Scattering Method

The method of inverse scattering is a new method of mathematical physics, which is applicable to a class of nonlinear wave equations. This chapter was written by V.E. Zakharov who made a significant contribution to the development of the method.
Cell-Derived Microparticles/Exosomes in Neuroinflammation

The roles of cell-derived microparticles (MP) in neuroinflammatory disorders are increasingly recognized as fundamental. Exosomes are now established as a well-defined subclass of MP. A major function is transport of many inflammatory mediators, now including gene-modulating RNA transcripts. Topics covered include traumatic brain injury, stroke, vascular dementia, infectious viral diseases, and the neurodegenerative/protein-misfolding diseases (ALS, MS, PD, etc.). It concludes with review of MP-based therapeutic strategies, including use of MP as vectors of gene therapy (via siRNA) and for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Results to date are highly promising. It is expected that in the near future, this field will lead to improved understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions as well as more effective treatments for those condition.
The Corporate Demand for External Connectivity: Pricing Boardroom Social Capital

In this study we examine the effect of boardroom social capital, defined as the aggregate benefits from the social networks of outside directors, on director compensation. Using a large panel of nine thousand firm-year observations for the period 2007-2013, we find that boardroom social capital is positively priced. Further analysis shows that firms pay a premium for networked directors. Firms that have suffered adverse events such as a bad merger, performance declines, or dividend cuts, pay a higher connection premium. We determine that well-connected directors perform important board roles and hold multiple directorships. Overall, our results are consistent with an efficient contracting explanation for boardroom pay.
Editors' Perspectives on Enhancing Manuscript Quality and Editorial Decisions Through Peer Review and Reviewer Development.

Objectives. To identify peer reviewer and peer review characteristics that enhance manuscript quality and editorial decisions, and to identify valuable elements of peer reviewer training programs.Methods. A three-school, 15-year review of pharmacy practice and pharmacy administration faculty’s publications was conducted to identify high-publication volume journals for inclusion. Editors-in-chief identified all editors managing manuscripts for participation. A three-round modified Delphi process was used. Rounds advanced from open-ended questions regarding actions and attributes of good reviewers to consensus-seeking and clarifying questions related to quality, importance, value, and priority.Results. Nineteen editors representing eight pharmacy journals participated. Three characteristics of reviews were rated required or helpful in enhancing manuscript quality by all respondents: includes a critical analysis of the manuscript (88% required, 12% helpful), includes feedback that contains both strengths and...
Genomic Enzymology: Web Tools for Leveraging Protein Family Sequence-Function Space and Genome Context to Discover Novel Functions.

The exponentially increasing number of protein and nucleic acid sequences provides opportunities to discover novel enzymes, metabolic pathways, and metabolites/natural products, thereby adding to our knowledge of biochemistry and biology. The challenge has evolved from generating sequence information to mining the databases to integrating and leveraging the available information, i.e., the availability of “genomic enzymology” web tools. Web tools that allow identification of biosynthetic gene clusters are widely used by the natural products/synthetic biology community, thereby facilitating the discovery of novel natural products and the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis. However, many novel enzymes with interesting mechanisms participate in uncharacterized small-molecule metabolic pathways; their discovery and functional characterization also can be accomplished by leveraging information in protein and nucleic acid databases. This Perspective focuses on two genomic enzymology web tools that assis...
Gaining perspective on spatial perspective taking

Spatial perspective taking is a term that encompasses a class of phenomena that assess the extent to which a perceiver can access spatial information relative to a viewpoint different from the perc...
Information Shocks and Internet Silos: Evidence from Creationist Friendly Curriculum

How the Internet affects the ability of its users to seek out information which either supports or contradicts their existing beliefs remains an open question. On the one hand, the Internet should be able to supply information which might correct falsifiable beliefs. On the other hand, as users control the manner of their search, they may find sources which support their beliefs, even if those beliefs go against the mainstream consensus. To examine this, we analyze the effect of the Louisiana Science Education Act (2008), which allowed the teaching of creationism as an alternative ‘theory’ to evolution in Louisiana schools, on students’ science test scores in nationally administered tests. Using detailed data on Louisiana schools, we employ a difference-in-differences strategy to document that science test scores declined after the law relative to schools in neighboring Texas. After the change in policy, Louisiana students were more likely to seek out information on the Internet using search terms which led them to web pages that reinforced a creationist message. The effect of the law was primarily driven by regions with high Internet penetration and low parental education levels.
Mistake Detection Videos to Improve Students’ Motivation in Math

This article describes the design case of an instructional experience incorporating videos of mistakes for students to practice mistake detection and recovery skills. Learning from mistakes is often encouraged, but students may need prac- tical support to address them e ectively. The intention of this design is to facilitate adaptive cognitive and emotional responses to handling mistakes. This article documents two distinct but related formats of a mistake recovery design: a personal video recording and pre-recorded videos featuring fourth grade mathematics. These two formats evolved from personal experiences to become a classroom intervention. We trace this design process including the context, theory, and implementation experiences that shaped the design and discuss unforeseen obstacles and design alterations that arose during this process.
S-parameter measurements using a three-probe circuit

A three-probe microstrip measurement scheme has been successfully used for input impedance and S-parameter measurements. This paper reports several alternative configurations for these measurements.
On the sets of fixed points of bounded Baire one functions

In this paper, we present some results on typical properties of the sets of fixed points of bounded Baire one functions. In particular, we show that typical elements of a uniformly closed subclass ...
Difference in Susceptibility of Plants to Pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae During the Day

Preliminary studies revealed differences in susceptibility of plants to phytopathogenic bacteria during 24-hour cycle. Leaves of a number of host plants were most sensitive to the injection of pathogenic bacteria (P. syringae) from 9 to 12 o’clock in the morning and were most resistant at night, from 21 to 3 o’clock. Necrotic areas of the leaves infected at night were smaller than after infection in the morning. The same strain appeared to be very virulent after infection in the morning, but lower virulent after infection at night. Some strains could cause infection only after inoculation of the piani in the morning.
Should Hepatitis C Donors Be Used in Naïve Urgent Status Patients on the Heart Transplant Waitlist

The aim of this commentary is to review contemporary data on the use of hearts from hepatitis C positive donors. There continues to be a critical shortage of suitable heart donors available for patients with advanced heart failure requiring transplantation. Historically, donors with chronic hepatitis C virus were not utilized for heart transplantation due to concern about poor post-transplant outcomes. This was due, in part, to concerns about successfully treating chronic hepatitis C after transmitting the infection from donor to recipient. The availability of direct-acting anti-viral therapies is changing this paradigm. These therapies are generally well-tolerated and have excellent rates of viral clearance. We believe that heart donors with chronic hepatitis C should be routinely utilized for patients listed for urgent heart transplantation.
Lorentz violation and Sagnac gyroscopes

Sagnac gyroscopes with increased sensitivity are being developed and operated with a variety of goals including the measurement of general relativistic effects. We show that such systems can be used to search for Lorentz violation within the field-theoretic framework of the Standard-Model Extension, and that competitive sensitivities can be achieved. Special deviations from the inverse square law of gravity are among the phenomena that can be effectively sought with these systems. We present the necessary equations to obtain sensitivities to Lorentz violation in relevant experiments.
Reviewing the complexity of energy behavior: Technologies, analytical traditions, and household energy consumption data in the United States

Abstract Residential energy consumption is a major driver of climate change. This has given rise to widespread interest in energy efficiency technology as a remedy. This study examines the impacts of two types of energy efficiency technologies, interactive and fixed technologies, on residential energy consumption and householders’ energy-related behavior. The study simultaneously examines the relationship between householders’ energy-related behavior and residential energy consumption. It is grounded in two energy analytic traditions – the physical-technical-economic tradition, which privileges technical approaches to curtailing energy consumption, and the lifestyle and social-behavioral tradition, which is less optimistic about technical fixes. Analysis of three waves of the Residential Energy Consumption Survey reveals mixed relationships between energy efficiency technologies and residential energy consumption and behavior. Use of a programmable thermostat, which exemplifies interactive energy efficiency technologies, is found to drive more energy consumption. This variable, however, exerts no influence on householders’ home temperature setting behaviors. Insulation and use of energy-efficient windows, which exemplify fixed energy efficiency technologies, are negatively related to residential energy consumption. These variables also exert influence on householders’ home heating and cooling temperature setting behaviors. These findings suggest the impacts of efficiency technologies on energy consumption and the associated behaviors vary by technology type. As would be expected, householders’ energy-related behaviors do influence residential energy consumption, and generally in the expected direction.
RA Signaling in Limb Development and Regeneration in Different Species

This chapter brings together data on the role of retinoic acid (RA) in the embryonic development of fins in zebrafish , limbs in amphibians , chicks , and mice, and regeneration of the amphibian limb . The intention is to determine whether there is a common set of principles by which we can understand the mode of action of RA in both embryos and adults. What emerges from this synthesis is that there are indeed commonalities in the involvement of RA in processes that ventralize, posteriorize, and proximalize the developing and regenerating limb . Different axes of the limb have historically been studied independently; as for example, the embryonic development of the anteroposterior (AP) axis of the chick limb bud versus the regeneration of the limb bud proximodistal (PD) axis . But when we take a broader view, a unifying principle emerges that explains why RA administration to embryos and regenerating limbs results in the development of multiple limbs in both cases. As might be expected, different molecular pathways govern the development of different systems and model organisms, but despite these differences, the pathways involve similar RA signaling genes, such as tbx5, meis, shh, fgfs and hox genes. Studies of developing and regenerating systems have highlighted that RA acts by being synthesized in one embryonic location while acting in another one, exactly as embryonic morphogens do, although there is no evidence for the presence of an RA gradient within the limb . What also emerges is that there is a paucity of information on the involvement of RA in development of the dorsoventral (DV) axis . A molecular explanation as to how RA establishes and alters positional information in all three axes is the most important area of study for the future.
Saving the Sonorine: Photovisual Audio Recovery Using Image Processing and Computer Vision Techniques.

This paper presents a novel technique to recover audio from sonorines, an early 20th century form of analogue sound storage. Our method uses high resolution photographs of sonorines under different lighting conditions to observe the change in reflection behavior of the physical surface features and create a three-dimensional height map of the surface. Sound can then be extracted using height information within the surface's grooves, mimicking a physical stylus on a phonograph. Unlike traditional playback methods, our method has the advantage of being contactless: the medium will not incur damage and wear from being played repeatedly. We compare the results of our technique to a previously successful contactless method using flatbed scans of the sonorines, and conclude with future research that can be applied to this photovisual approach to audio recovery.
Electronic Health Information Exchange At Discharge From Inpatient Psychiatric Care In Acute Care Hospitals

To address the complex health care needs of patients with mental illness-who commonly have co-occurring medical conditions and substance use disorders-it is critically important for providers to use electronic health records (EHRs) for health information exchange (HIE) when patients are transferred from inpatient psychiatric units in acute care hospitals. Efficient and timely HIE is necessary to ensure that patients receive adequate and informed follow-up care. This study examined the percentage of inpatient psychiatric units that reported using EHRs for HIE at transfers of care and hospital characteristics associated with that use. We linked national data from the Inpatient Psychiatric Facility Quality Reporting Program of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, and state mental health privacy laws. In 2016 the use of electronic HIE upon transfer from psychiatric units lagged behind the corresponding overall use rates from acute care hospitals (56.3 percent versus 88 percent), with wide variation across states. Hospital size and accountable care organization participation were associated with electronic HIE, but a state's having mental health privacy laws more stringent than the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act did not. Given these results, policy efforts to incentivize the use of electronic HIE in psychiatric settings should be strengthened.
Blood use for transvenous lead extractions at a high‐volume center

Background Transvenous lead extractions (TLEs) have increased in number due to an increased prevalence of cardiac implantable devices. Bleeding complications associated with TLEs can be catastrophic, and many institutions order blood components to be available in the procedure room. There are few studies supporting or refuting this practice. We evaluated transfusion rates for TLEs at a single, high-volume center to assess the need for having blood in the procedure room. Study design and methods Patients undergoing TLEs from April 2010 to February 2019 were identified from our institutional database. The percentage of patients transfused intraoperatively, the number of units transfused, and the reasons for transfusion were determined from the database and by manual chart review. Results A total of 473 patients underwent a TLE during this time frame. Of these, only 17 patients (3.6%) received a red blood cell (RBC) transfusion. Ten of the 17 patients received RBCs secondary to preoperative anemia. Of the remaining seven patients, only four patients received more than 2 RBC units, and only one received more than 10 RBC units. No patient received more than 2 RBC units or any plasma or platelets in the past 4 years. Conclusion Due to improvements in procedural techniques, advent of accessible remote blood allocation systems, and changes in transfusion practice (e.g., electronic crossmatch), routinely having blood components in the procedure room for every TLE may be an outdated practice for high-volume centers.
A Pilot Study of Integration of Medical and Dental Care in 6 States

INTRODUCTION Poor oral health affects overall health. Chronic diseases and related risk factors such as tobacco use or consuming sugar-sweetened beverages can also increase a person's risk of periodontitis. Given the linkages between oral health and certain chronic diseases, we conducted a pilot study to facilitate intradepartmental collaborations between state chronic disease and oral health programs. METHODS State health departments in 6 states (Alaska, Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, and New York) collaborated to develop and implement projects that addressed oral health and the following chronic diseases or risk factors: obesity, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and tobacco use. States developed various projects, including media campaigns, clinical education, and screening and referrals. We used a mixed-methods approach to understand barriers to and facilitators of states' increasing collaboration and implementation of pilot projects. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 staff (1 from oral health and 1 from chronic disease for each state). We also reviewed state-submitted documents and performance measures. RESULTS All 6 states increased collaboration between their oral health and chronic disease programs and successfully implemented pilot projects. Collaboration was facilitated by investing in relationships, championing medical-dental integration, and meeting and communicating frequently. Barriers to collaboration included the perception of oral health in chronic disease programs as separate and distinct from other chronic diseases and the structure of funding. The pilot projects were facilitated by partner support, providing technical assistance to clinics, and working early on referral networks. Barriers to implementing the pilot projects included gaining clinician buy-in and establishing referral networks. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrated that by fostering collaboration, state health departments are able to train dental and medical clinicians, deliver clinical preventive education to patients, implement referral systems, and deliver impressions via media campaigns.
What are you signing up for?": Pre-medical students' perception of physicians' risk and responsibility during COVID-19."

Though there has been growing attention to the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the career trajectories of current health care workers, research remains sparse on how those in earlier stages of medical education have been affected by the pandemic. To better understand the pandemic's influence on pre-medical students' professional trajectories, this study draws on 48 interviews with freshmen and sophomore pre-medical students at a private university in the northeastern United States. For many students, witnessing physicians' role during the pandemic made them more aware of both the vulnerability of physicians and the limits of their power in the medical field and society at large. Notably, students primarily explained the risks that physicians confronted as an individual professional expectation rather than a structural concern in the medical system. Despite acknowledging these risks, students emphasized that the pandemic had reinforced their interest in becoming a physician by validating their perception of the vital role that physicians play in society. Additionally, they expressed greater concern about meeting expectations for admission to medical school in light of additional barriers due to COVID-19. This study builds upon existing literature on the medical profession by both centering earlier stages of education and examining processes of socialization during times of crisis. More broadly, these findings indicate a need for greater attention to the normalization of health care workers' sacrifices, as well as the potential exacerbation of existing inequities in pre-medical education during the pandemic.
Moving toward a framework for electricity and heat equivalence in energy systems analysis.

Summary Sustaining, maintaining, and upgrading the electricity grid, while meeting decarbonization goals is a challenge facing policymakers, regulators, grid operators, and investors. Simultaneously meeting demands for future capacity, retiring older inefficient technologies, and addressing externalities from energy production and use requires more diverse and inclusive technologies to avoid constraints and shortfalls in grid capability. Changing the energy production paradigm by encouraging alternative technologies was a key driver for FERC Order 2222. This stimulus for developing new small-scale generation will complement and supplement the existing fleet only if it attracts new investment. This investment must reflect technology that goes beyond the energy-only characteristics of traditional generation, creating systems where suites of energy-equivalent outputs are enhanced by environmental quality benefits and offsets. We use energy system designs to highlight the contribution that measuring and accounting for equivalency values provides net increases in capacity, electricity, and alternative fuels while simultaneously reducing carbon waste impacts.
Toward improved accuracy in shear wave elastography of arteries through controlling the arterial response to ultrasound perturbation in-silico and in phantoms

Dispersion-based inversion has been proposed as a viable direction for materials characterization of arteries, allowing clinicians to better study cardiovascular conditions using shear wave elastography. However, these methods rely on a priori knowledge of the vibrational modes dominating the propagating waves induced by acoustic radiation force excitation: differences between anticipated and real modal content are known to yield errors in the inversion. We seek to improve the accuracy of this process by modeling the artery as a fluid-immersed cylindrical waveguide and building an analytical framework to prescribe radiation force excitations that will selectively excite certain waveguide modes using ultrasound acoustic radiation force. We show that all even-numbered waveguide modes can be eliminated from the arterial response to perturbation, and confirm the efficacy of this approach with in silico tests that show that odd modes are preferentially excited. Finally, by analyzing data from phantom tests, we find a set of ultrasound focal parameters that demonstrate the viability of inducing the desired odd-mode response in experiments.
Molecular Structure, Mode of Action, and Immunology of Botulinum Neurotoxins

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are now widely used in clinical medicine for treatment of a variety of hyperactive movement disorders, autonomic dysfunctions (sialorrhea and hyperhidrosis), spasticity, and chronic migraine. Further indications in other pain disorders are being actively explored based on animal studies and laboratory data indicating an analgesic effect for BoNTs through diverse mechanisms.
Can faster growth save Social Security

Numerous commissions, individual researchers, and the Trustees of the Social Security system agree that the current Social Security system is not sustainable. The 2003 Trustees' report forecasts that the program's two trust funds (Old Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance) will be empty in 2042. After 2042, Social Security taxes would only cover about 70 percent of projected benefit costs. Even before the trust funds are exhausted, the combination of rapidly growing Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid spending is likely to create intolerable budget pressures that will force major changes in policy. The problem lies in demography. The economic burden imposed by these pay-as-you-go programs depends on the number of beneficiaries and the level of benefits that they have been promised. The economic resources available to the programs depend on the number of taxpayers and their ability and willingness to pay taxes. The population of elderly beneficiaries will soar in the future because of increased life expectancy and the retirement of baby boomers - the first boomers will apply for Social Security pensions in 2008. Meanwhile, the population of workers paying payroll taxes will stagnate because of low birth rates experienced since the early 1960s. Although there is a broad consensus that the Social Security system is in trouble, a few dissenters argue that the Trustees are too pessimistic about future economic growth. The dissenters believe that a more realistic growth assumption would allow the trust funds to remain financially sound far longer than now expected. This brief will examine the implications of more rapid economic growth for Social Security and the federal budget as a whole, including a discussion of both the direct and indirect effects of growth.
A 1.5V multirate multibit sigma delta modulator for GSM/WCDMA in a 90 nm digital CMOS process

A multirate multibit sigma delta modulator structure is used for low power A/D converter design for wireless applications. New integrator structures and a dedicated timing scheme are proposed for a very low power implementation. A dual-mode second order multirate multibit sigma delta modulator targeting GSM/WCDMA applications is designed. In Spice simulations, the prototype design achieves 71.4 dB peak signal-to-noise+distortion (SNDR) in the 200 kHz GSM band and dissipates 1.1 mA of total current from a 1.5 V supply. This dual-mode design also achieves 45.7 dB SNDR in the 1.94 MHz WCDMA band with 1.9 mA of total current consumption.
Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration

The Society for the Exploration of Psychotherapy Integration (SEPI) is an international organization devoted to exploring potential convergences and synergies between different approaches to psychotherapy and the different theoretical orientations from which those approaches derive. Originally founded in North America in 1983, SEPI now has members in more than 30 countries on six continents, and its annual meetings have been held in many cities throughout North America, South America, and Europe. Keywords: psychotherapy; models of therapy
Metabolic studies on the erythrocyte from patients with chronic renal disease on haemodialysis. II. ATP metabolism.

Summary. It is confirmed that ATP levels are significantly increased in uraemic (1.90±0.06 mmole/l RBC) as compared to control RBCs (1.30 ± 0.03 mmole/l RBC) (P 0.001). Studies were performed which suggest that this increase in ATP may be secondary to an increased ATP synthetic capacity in uraemic erythrocytes which is independent of extracorpuscular factors including phosphate: (I) When suspended in an artificial low phosphate (PO4) medium (I mM), washed RBCs from uraemic subjects produced and utilized ATP more rapidly than did washed control RBCs. (2) During a 12 hr incubation period, the ATP concentration of washed uraemic RBCs suspended in a 10 mM PO2 medium remained significantly greater than the ATP level of washed control RBCs suspended in a 10 mM PO4 medium. (3) During a 6 hr period of haemodialysis when the serum PO4 level fell sharply, the RBC-ATP failed to change. Pyruvic kinase activities were significantly increased in uraemic (7.02 ± 0.84 EU/g Hb) as compared to control RBCs (3.20 ± 0.17 EU/g Hb) (P0.001), suggesting the presence of young RBCs in uraemia. It is proposed that the increased ATP levels and intrinsic ATP synthetic capacity may be due to the presence of an erythrocyte population with a younger mean age in the uraemic population studied.