cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum rotor and its SU(3) realization

Abstract A simple FORTRAN program called ROTXSU3, which determines eigenvalues of the quantum rotor and the corresponding algebraic SU(3) model Hamiltonian, is introduced. General analytic expressions for matrix elements of the two Hamiltonians are given. These results are used to establish the equivalence of the SU(3) and rotor theories in the min(λ,μ) ⪢ L limit, where λ and μ are SU(3) representation labels and L is the angular momentum. The results can also be used to study group expansion and deformation mechanism since T5×SO(3), the symmetry group of the quantum rotor, is a contraction of SU(3). A mapping between eigenvalues of the invariant operators of the two theories gives a relationship between the parameters of their Hamiltonians. This mapping also leads to a shell-model interpretation of the β and γ shape variables of the collective model.
Weight gain in overweight and obese community dwelling old-old.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate lifetime weight changes in community dwelling old-old, those age 80 or older; 2) explore reasons for weight changes from their personal perspective and 3) examine ways the old-old feel they can successfully lose weight. A cross sectional design was used for this qualitative study.Setting: One county of a southeastern U.S. state.Participants: Nine community dwelling old-old.Measurement: Content analysis of transcripts was used to examine the interviews.Results: All of the old-old interviewed had reached their maximum weight after the age of 65. Average lifetime weight gain was 73 pounds. All wanted to lose weight and found ways to incorporate small changes in their everyday lives.Conclusion: With increasing life expectancy among older adults, health promotion targeting weight control needs to include the old-old.
Joint face and head tracking inside multi-camera smart rooms

The paper introduces a novel detection and tracking system that provides both frame-view and world-coordinate human location information, based on video from multiple synchronized and calibrated cameras with overlapping fields of view. The system is developed and evaluated for the specific scenario of a seminar lecturer presenting in front of an audience inside a “smart room”, its aim being to track the lecturer’s head centroid in the three-dimensional (3D) space and also yield two-dimensional (2D) face information in the available camera views. The proposed approach is primarily based on a statistical appearance model of human faces by means of well-known AdaBoost-like face detectors, extended to address the head pose variation observed in the smart room scenario of interest. The appearance module is complemented by two novel components and assisted by a simple tracking drift detection mechanism. The first component of interest is the initialization module, which employs a spatio-temporal dynamic programming approach with appropriate penalty functions to obtain optimal 3D location hypotheses. The second is an adaptive subspace learning based 2D tracking scheme with a novel forgetting mechanism, introduced to reduce tracking drift and increase robustness. System performance is benchmarked on an extensive database of realistic human interaction in the lecture smart room scenario, collected as part of the European integrated project “CHIL”. The system consistently achieves excellent tracking precision, with a 3D mean tracking error of less than 16 cm, and is demonstrated to outperform four alternative tracking schemes. Furthermore, the proposed system performs relatively well in detecting frontal and near-frontal faces in the available frame views.
Remarks on “Dense analytic subspaces in fractal L 2 -spaces” by P.E.T. Jorgensen and S. Pedersen

An alternate method is given for proving completeness of the bases of exponentials constructed in the paper of Jorgensen and Pedersen [JP]. This proof is similar in spirit to the Albert Cohen criterion in wavelet theory.
Δ2,6-Hexalin-1,5-dione

Abstract Δ2,6-Hexalin-1,5-dione (I) has been prepared from decalin-1,5-dione (III) as follows. The latter substance was converted to the diketal IX(R1  R2  H) which, on bromination with phenyl-trimethylammonium tribromide in tetrahydrofuran, was transformed into the 2,6-dibromo compound IX(R1  R2  Br). Treatment with potassium t-butoxide in t-butyl alcohol gave the diene diketal X, and this substance on mild acid hydrolysis was converted into the highly crystalline diene dione I. Δ2-Octalone 1 (VI) has similarly been prepared from the ketal VII(R  H) of α-decalone via the bromo compound VII(R  Br) and the unsaturated ketal VIII. The product was identical with material prepared by the pyrolysis of 2-acetoxy-1-decalone (V).
Long-Term Stable Correction of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice With a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector Expressing the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Background—Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) that results from LDL receptor (LDLR) deficiency affects ≈1 in 500 persons in the heterozygous state and ≈1 in 1 million persons in the homozygous state. We tested a novel gene therapy strategy for the treatment of FH in a mouse model. Methods and Results—We delivered the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) to the liver of LDLR-deficient mice and compared the effect of a helper-dependent adenoviral vector with all viral coding sequences deleted (HD-Ad-mVLDLR) with a first-generation vector (FG-Ad-mVLDLR), an HD-Ad (HD-Ad-0) that contained no expression cassette, and dialysis buffer (DB). A single intravenous injection of HD-Ad-mVLDLR led to a lowering of plasma cholesterol that lasted ≥6 months. Acute liver toxicity (as measured with liver enzyme elevation) occurred after FG-Ad-mVLDLR but not after HD-Ad-mVLDLR, HD-Ad-0, or DB treatment. At 6 months, VLDLR was detected in the liver with Western blotting and with immunofluorescence staining only in HD-Ad-mVLDLR–treated mice....
Dispersed-phase residence times and axial drop velocities in a multistage column contactor

Abstract The residence time of fluid elements in a control volume of any chemical process has a direct effect on the process efficiency. This effect is more important in liquid—liquid extraction where the residence time of the dispersed-phase droplets determines not only the extraction/reaction time but also the interfacial area of mass transfer. Dispersed-phase residence times and drop velocities were studied with operating conditions in a 127 mm diameter multistage contactor of pilot plant scale for the toluene—water physically equilibrated system. The two-point dynamic tracer technique was employed in combination with a laser photometric concentration technique. The tracer concentration distributions, measured at the entrance and exit of a single stage, and the simultaneously measured drop size distribution in the monitored stage were discretized appropriately to provide drop residence times and axial velocities in agitated dispersions. Results showed that the variance of the residence time distribution is proportional to the square of the mean residence time, suggesting that the dispersion model is not appropriate for the analysis of such flows. The obtained drop residence times or axial velocities can be directly applied in a comprehensive approach which considers the convective property of the droplets to predict the extraction performance of the contactor.
Microbiological and Some Physical and Chemical Changes in Vacuum‐Packaged Beef Steaks Treated with Combinations of Potassium Sorbate, Phosphate, Sodium Chloride and Sodium acetate

Fresh rib eye steaks were examined for microbiological, lipid oxidation, pH, color and weight changes after immersion in water or in aqueous solutions of a phosphate blend and of a mixture of potassium sorbate, phosphates, sodium chloride and sodium acetate and subsequent vacuum packaging. Keeping characteristics of steaks were monitored during 12-wk storage at 2–4°C. Mesophilic, psychrotrophic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and lactobacilli were strongly inhibited (P<0.05) in steaks treated with the composition that contained potassium sorbate, whereas growth of Enterobacteriaceae was suppressed (P<0.01). Compared with controls, compositions containing phosphates with or without potassium sorbate protected lipids, increased solution uptake and decreased purge in steaks without affecting meat color.
The effect of temperature and oxygen concentration on lignin biodegradation

Abstract The effect of temperature (15°C, 25°C, 35°C) and oxygen (7%, 14%, 21%) on lignin biodegradation by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was assessed in a 3×3 batch culture factorial design experiment. There was a decrease in lignin concentration with time as a function of increasing temperature and oxygen concentration. Oxygen concentration showed a much smaller overall effect on the process (21.6%) as compared with temperature (63.8%) with less than 2% interaction between the variables.
Electronic thermography in the diagnosis of atypical odontalgia: a pilot study.

Atypical odontalgia (AO) is a dental condition that is usually diagnosed by exclusion after failure of multiple dental treatments. A functional definition of AO includes (1) continuous pain in and about a tooth or teeth, (2) pain present for longer than 4 months, (3) inadequate local cause (no abnormality detected on dental radiographs), and (4) anesthetic blockade gives equivocal relief of toothache. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential role of electronic thermography in the diagnosis of AO. Results from measurements of facial thermal symmetry indicated that normal subjects = 83.5%, AO group = 65.8% (p < 0.01). Electronic thermography interpreted by thermography experts has promise as a diagnostic test for AO among patients with toothache for which the dentist can find no convincing dental explanation.
Ellipsoidal Delocalization of Tunneling Electrons in Long-Range Electron Transfer Proteins

A formulation of long-range electronic coupling in electron transfer proteins based on the wave function tails of the donor and acceptor states is presented. These wave function tails, calculated by the IAL Hamiltonian method for cytochrome c and cytochrome c peroxidase, decay exponentially with distance and have falloff rates in the experimentally observed range. Analytical derivatives of the electronic coupling energy with regard to the energies and interactions of the orbitals of the intervening medium provide a detailed picture of the region of the protein important in the electron transfer process. These electronic coupling energy derivatives are calculated for the long-range zinc porphyrin to ruthenium coupling in ruthenated cytochrome c. The region of importance for long-range electron transfer is demonstrated mathematically to approximate an ellipsoid of revolution with the donor and acceptor as foci. The ellipsoidal region has the interesting feature that its minor axis grows as the square root o...
Vezf1: A Zn Finger Transcription Factor Restricted to Endothelial Cells and Their Precursors

Abstract Using retroviral entrapment vectors, we identified a novel mouse gene whose expression is restricted to vascular endothelial cells and their precursors in the yolk sac blood islands. A 3.68-kb cDNA corresponding to the endogenous transcript was isolated using genomic DNA flanking the entrapment vector insertion as a probe. We have named this gene Vezf1 for vascular endothelial zinc finger 1. Vezf1 encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 56 kDa and that contains six putative zinc finger domains and shows high homology to a previously identified human gene, DB1, that is believed to be involved in regulating expression of cytokine genes such as interleukin-3. In situ hybridization analysis revealed the onset of expression in advanced primitive streak-stage embryos being located in the extraembryonic mesodermal component of the visceral yolk sac and in the anteriormost mesoderm of the embryo proper. During head-fold and somite stages, expression was restricted to vascular endothelial cells that arise during both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vezf1 -related sequences were found to be highly conserved among higher vertebrate species that have acquired extraembryonic yolk sac membranes during evolution. The Vezf1 locus mapped to the proximal part of mouse chromosome 2, a region which has homology to human chromosome 9q. Vezf1 expression correlates temporally and spatially with the early differentiation of angioblasts into the endothelial cell lineage and the proliferation of endothelial cells of the embryonic vascular system. Thus, Vezf1 may play an important role in the endothelial lineage determination and may have an additional role during later stages of embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis.
Privacy-preserving multi-dimensional credentialing using veiled certificates

Traditional certificates are designed to establish and document characteristics belonging to a specific individual, be it an identification number, a level of achievement, or membership status. The digital certificate extends this concept into the electronic world, identifying and linking the certificate holder to a public encryption key that is subsequently used as a means of identification. Current identity certificates provide unique identification and tracking, however it is exactly these characteristics that have led to concerns over identity theft and privacy of personal information. In this paper, we introduce a new type of certificate, called veiled certificate, which addresses these issues by providing means of linking certificates from multiple certifying authorities while masking the user's identity from non-authorized individuals and satisfying the regulatory need of unique, explicit identification. With the ability to be implemented within existing X.509 standards, veiled certification extends traditional digital certificates with features useful in combating identity theft and invasion of privacy.
Detection of planets and evidence of life

An optical interferometer, with angular resolution of the order of a milliarcsecond and a collecting area of the order of twenty square meters, might well be constructed in space within the next twenty years or so. In addition to the many "conventional" astronomical problems that could be studied by such an instrument, interesting studies of other planetary systems could be made if certain design features were to be included. The principal requirements would be: (i) The ability to phase track on a reference object close by, (2) stable optical paths that would be constant over several hours to a fraction of a wavelength, (3) apodization of the entrance apertures to minimize sidelobes, (4) optical precision of 1/60 or better for scales a centimeter or larger, and (5) spectrophotometric capability. The stability requirements are challenging but appear to be technically feasible, the apodization should not be a problem, the optical quality is within the current state of the art, and the spectrophotometric capability is an automatic consequence of proper interferometric design. Such an instrument would detect Jupiter-like planets directly out to twenty parsecs or more at wavelengths 15000 or so, and earth-like planets could be detected out to ten parsecs distance, with reasonable integration times. Since the instrument would have spectrophotometric capability, once a planet had been detected and its ephemeris determined, one could integrate for considerably longer times to look for spectral features in the atmosphere. The A-band of oxygen and the Hartley bands of ozone are obvious candidates. The detection of these features would be most provocative, suggesting the presence of earthlike life, More generally, any spectroscopic evidence that a planetary atmosphere was far from chemical equilibrium would be evidence of more unfamiliar life forms. At the very least, one would be encouraged to make more intensive studies of such planetary systems, both in the infrared and at radio wavelengths. Conventional wisdom seems to have been that direct optical detection and study of planets was not feasible. This turns out not to be so largely because of the increased interferometric expertise that has developed in radio astronomy. Except for quantum effects that affect detectability, the methods of aperture synthesis carry over completely to the optical case.
RESEARCH NOTE: HEMAGGLUTINATING ACTIVITY of LECTINS IN SELECTED VARIETIES of RAW and PROCESSED DRY BEANS1

The effects of several processing methods on the hemagglutinating activity of ten varieties of dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were studied using a serial dilution technique. Lectin activity ranged from 128–512 × 104 units/g whole bean flour, with a mean value of 307 × 104 units/g bean. Small Red and Kidney bean types had the highest agglutinating activities among the varieties studied. No noticeable changes were observed upon dehulling beans, while germinated beans and protein concentrates had lower hemagglutinating activity. Cooking of beans completely destroyed the lectin activity.
Paraplegia differentially increases arterial blood pressure related cardiovascular disease risk factors in normotensive and hypertensive rats.

Abstract Older individuals (>50 years of age) are increasingly sustaining spinal cord injuries (SCI) and often have pre-existing medical conditions, including hypertension. Furthermore, the life expectancy of individuals with paraplegia has increased to near that of able-bodied individuals. Thus, chronic diseases associated with aging (e.g. hypertension) are increasing in this population. We tested the hypothesis that paraplegia differentially increases blood pressure related cardiovascular disease (BP-CVD) risk factors in normotensive (Wistar Kyoto rat, WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). To test this hypothesis, intact and paraplegic SHR and WKY rats were chronically instrumented for recording BP-CVD risk factors over 7 weeks. Paraplegia in both the SHR and WKY rats increased heart rates (27 and 22% in SHR and WKY, respectively), heart rate loads (425 and 323% in SHR and WKY, respectively), the standard deviation of systolic (15 and 23% in SHR and WKY, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (15 and 13% in SHR and WKY, respectively) and reduced activity (−70 and −57% in SHR and WKY, respectively). Paraplegia in the WKY rats reduced systolic (−4%) and diastolic (−5%) blood pressures while systolic and diastolic loads were not significantly different. In sharp contrast, paraplegia in the SHR increased systolic (6%) and diastolic (5%) blood pressures as well as systolic (41%) and diastolic loads (9%). These data demonstrate that paraplegia increased BP-CVD risk factors in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Importantly, the impact of paraplegia on BP-CVD risk factors was greater in the SHR.
Identification of an Internal RNA Element Essential for Replication and Translational Enhancement of Tobacco Necrosis Virus AC

Different regulatory elements function are involved in plant virus gene expression and replication by long-distance RNA-RNA interactions. A cap-independent functional element of the Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) - like translational enhancer (BTE) is present in Tobacco necrosis virus A (TNV-A), a Necrovirus member in the Tombusviridae family. In this paper, an RNA stretch flanking the 5' proximal end of the TNV-A(C) coat protein (CP) gene was shown to be essential for viral replication in Chenopodium amaranticolor plants and tobacco cells. This internal sequence functioned in transient expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) when present at either the 5' or 3' sides of the GUS open reading frame. Serial deletion analyses revealed that nine nucleotides from nt 2609 to 2617 (-3 to +6 of the CP initiation site) within TNV-A(C) RNA are indispensable for viral replication in whole plants and tobacco cells. Fusion of this RNA element in mRNAs translated in tobacco cells resulted in a remarkable enhancement of luciferase expression from in vitro synthesised chimaeric RNAs or DNA expression vectors. Interestingly, the element also exhibited increased translational activity when fused downstream of the reporter genes, although the efficiency was lower than with upstream fusions. These results provide evidence that an internal RNA element in the genomic (g) RNA of TNV-A(C), ranging approximately from nt 2543 to 2617, plays a bifunctional role in viral replication and translation enhancement during infection, and that this element may use novel strategies differing from those previously reported for other viruses.
Studies of the Methane Steam Reforming Reaction at High Pressure in a Ceramic Membrane Reactor

Abstract The effects of temperature and pressure on the steam reforming of methane (CH4+H2O⇔3H2+CO) were investigated in a membrane reactor (MR) with a hydrogen permeable membrane. The studies used a novel silica-based membrane prepared by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique with a permeance for H2 of 6.0×10−8 mol·m−2·s−1·Pa−1 at 923 K. The results in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) were compared to those of the membrane reactor at various temperatures (773–923 K) and pressures (1–20 atm, 101.3–2026.5 kPa) using a commercial Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst. The conversion of methane was improved significantly in the MR by the countercurrent removal of hydrogen at all temperatures and allowed product yields higher than the equilibrium to be obtained. Pressure had a positive effect on the hydrogen yield because of the increase in driving force for the permeance of hydrogen. The yield of hydrogen increased with pressure and reached a value of 73×10−6 mol·g−1·s−1 at 2026.5 kPa and 923 K which was higher by 108% than the value of 35×10−6 mol·g−1·s−1 obtained for the equilibrium yield. The results obtained with the silica-based membrane were similar to those obtained with various other membranes as reported in the literature.
GM-CSF and oncogene mRNA stabilities are independently regulated in trans in a mouse monocytic tumor

Regulation of mRNA turnover has emerged as an important control point in lymphokine and oncogene expression. We have studied a monocytic tumor in which activation of GM-CSF expression results from the constitutive stabilization of the normally short-lived GM-CSF mRNA. Linkage of the germ-line 3' untranslated region of the GM-CSF gene to a neo reporter gene demonstrated that mRNA stabilization is mediated by a tumor-specific trans-acting factor(s), rather than by an alteration of the GM-CSF gene itself. Significantly, similar fusions of the c-myc and c-fos 3' untranslated regions to neo yielded mRNAs that turned over rapidly in all cells, including the tumor cells. These results demonstrate that AU-rich mRNA turnover signals are recognized differentially in trans within the same cell.
Optical Methods For End-Point Detection In Plasma Etching

Plasma etching has become an important technology in the fabrication of integrated circuits. The importance of this technology will increase as the minimum geometry features continue to decrease to the submicron region. Process monitoring is a very desirable feature in maintaining the precise control that is required of plasma etching for VLSI circuits. This paper describes two optical methods of process monitoring and end point detection for plasma etching. Examples are presented for emission spectroscopy, and an optical reflection method. A direct comparison of these methods as end point detection monitors is also made.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Nitric Oxide and Prostanoids Participate in Cerebral Vasodilation Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

We investigated, using laser-Doppler flowmetry, whether nitric oxide (NO)- and/or indomethacin (IND)-sensitive mechanisms mediate the elevations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) elicited by electrical stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) in the anesthetized spinalized rat. Stimulation of the RVL for 10 s caused increased rCBF in the frontal cortex by 31% (n = 46), peaking at 22 s and persisting for up to 8 min. Intravenous L-nitro-NG-arginine (NNA) dose dependently and reversibly increased arterial pressure and reduced basal and evoked rCBF to 74 and 54% of the control, respectively (p < 0.05; n = 7). Superfused over the cortex, NNA dose dependently reduced only the evoked elevations of rCBF, to 39% of the control (p < 0.05; n = 6). Intravenous IND decreased the basal rCBF dose dependently and decreased the elevations evoked from the RVL by 38% (p < 0.05), but IND was without effect when superfused. Combined, the effects of intravenous NNA and IND summated, reducing rCBF by 70%. However, when NNA and IND were superfused together, the inhibition of the evoked vasodilation was comparable to that elicited by NNA alone. We conclude that the elevation in rCBF elicited from the RVL is partially mediated by (a) NO synthesized locally in the cortex in response to an afferent neural signal and (b) an IND-sensitive mechanism, probably a product of cyclooxygenase, located in larger cerebral arteries, in response to a retrograde vascular signal resulting from increased blood flow within the brain.
The nature of the relationship between smoking and ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.

Objective To confirm that smoking increases the risk for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow and to investigate potential mechanisms for that increased risk. Design Prospective case-control study featuring the recruitment of 100 subjects with upper-limb neurologic symptoms: 50 meeting (cases) and not meeting (controls) electrodiagnostic criteria for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Known risk factors for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, preferred smoking hand, and upper-limb joint angles during preferred smoking posture were recorded. Results Subjects with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow reported increased smoking when compared with the control group, but there was no agreement between ulnar neuropathy at the elbow side and preferred smoking hand or group differences in joint angles during preferred smoking posture. Ulnar neuropathy at the elbow occurred more frequently on the left regardless of hand dominance (P = 0.007). Independent risk factors included age, male sex, and smoking (in pack-years), demonstrating odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.054 (1.015-1.095), 4.41 (1.75-11.16), and 1.035 (1.001-1.070), respectively. Smoking also correlated negatively with above-elbow ulnar compound muscle action potential, across-elbow conduction velocity, and conduction block. Conclusions Smoking is associated with increased risk for ulnar neuropathy at the elbow, and the dose-response effect between smoking and electrophysiologic ulnar measures associated with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow severity increases the likelihood that the relationship is one of cause and effect. However, the data do not suggest that a mechanical explanation related to repetitive elbow flexion is likely.
The Effect of a Practice Guideline on Day of Neonatal Discharge 1157

One of the goals of practice guideline is to unify the timing of nursery discharge. We speculated that an effectively instituted guideline would reduce variability in length of stay (LOS). A guideline for the management of term neonates with sepsis ruled-out was instituted by a disease management system(DM) in three major metropolitan areas.
Iron in higher plants: Storage and metabolic role

Abstract Iron in the earth's crust is more oxidized now than it was when life evolved. Generally iron is available in the soil in the ferric form but must be taken up and utilized in the ferrous form. While iron is essential for life in small amounts, higher concentrations are toxic. Plants store iron for future use as ferritin which is ferric phosphate coated with protein. The protein coat apparently prevents iron toxicity or use of stored iron by pathogens. Iron is found in both heme‐proteins (cytochromes, catalase, etc.) and non‐heme proteins (ferridoxins, nitrite reductase, etc.). These enzymes are characterized by involvement in oxidation‐reduction reactions involving electron or proton transfer. One might say that life evolved around iron.
Generation of chick skeletal muscle cells in groups of 16 from stem cells

The commonly accepted hypothesis explaining the control of skeletal muscle differentiation is that all myogenic precursor cells are equivalent and that they differentiate into post-mitotic muscle cells in response to exogenous signals, specifically low mitogen concentrations1,2. Large clones derived from vertebrate myogenic cells, however, consist both of cycling precursors and of terminally differentiated, post-mitotic muscle cells3–7. Here, we count the total number of cells and the number of terminally differentiated cells (or nuclei, in fused cells) in large myogenic clones. The number of terminally differentiated cells per clone was usually equal to or just below a multiple of 16. This finding is not expected from a model postulating a homogeneous population of muscle precursor cells. Rather, our results suggest that a self-renewing stem cell exists in the skeletal muscle lineage. This cell can generate committed precursors which then give rise to cohorts of 16 terminally differentiated muscle cells. This model of myogenesis provides a simple explanation for the protracted and asynchronous nature of muscle differentiation in vertebrate embryogenesis.
Normal amplitudes of radioulnar pronation and supination in several genera of anthropoid primates

The amounts of radioulnar pronation and supination occurring in five genera of Old World Monkeys (Macaca, Papio, Cercopithecus, Theropithecus, and Erythrocebus), three genera of hominoid primates (Homo, Pongo, and Hylobates), and one genus of New World monkey (Cebus) were compared in this investigation. The results indicate that radioulnar motion is significantly less in Macaca than in other cercopithecoid monkeys, that it is significantly less in all cercopithecoid monkeys than in Cebus, and that it is significantly less in Cebus than in the hominoid primates. The data support the contention that hominoid primates and (at least some) cercopithecoid monkeys possess fundamentally different ranges of radioulnar pronation and supination, and the contention that the morpological differences between the inferior radioulnar joints of hominoid and cercopithecoid primates reflect different ranges of motion which, in turn, are associated with either a quadrupedal or non-quadrupedal lifestyle.
Interactions of extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) and double stranded DNA.

Extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) has been shown to inhibit the combination of anti-DNA with double stranded DNA. ENA has also been found to complex with DNA by two different techniques. In one, red cells coated with DNA were shown to retain significantly more radiolabeled ENA than uncoated controls. In a second, DNA-125I was found to be retained on a membrane filter after incubation with ENA, indicating DNA-protein complex formation. It is suggested that the ENA may complex with DNA in vivo and that these complexes may retard the formation of anti-DNA-DNA complexes.
Modeling of Crosstalk Between Two Nonparallel Striplines on Adjacent Layers

Crosstalk between two nonparallel striplines on adjacent layers is investigated. An equivalent per unit length model for nonparallel lines is developed based on multiconductor transmission line theories and the Nelder-Mead optimization algorithm. The physical meaning of the equivalent model is explained for different test geometries. Empirical formulas, as functions of various geometric parameters, are derived based on multivariable curve fitting for a set of defined trace geometries. The validity of the empirical model is confirmed through comparison with different test examples.
Geodetic surveys for monitoring crustal movements in the United States

Abstract Geodetic surveys for monitoring crustal movements have been performed at periodic intervals since the San Francisco earthquake of 1906. During the last ten years, the use of electro-optical distance measuring instruments has made it possible to detect horizontal crustal movements over a much shorter time span than was possible with angle observations only. When a combination of triangulation and trilateration is performed, small changes in distances and/or angles can be correlated in such a way that small observational errors can be identified. Within the last five years, distance measuring instruments using infrared radiation as a carrier wave have been used extensively by the National Geodetic Survey on small fault crossing figures along the California fault system. Movements on the order of two millimeters have been detected with these instruments.
I Have Paid Less Than You! The Emotional and Behavioral Consequences of Advantaged Price Inequality

This study examines the emotion blends and the subsequent customer reactions that occur in advantaged price inequality situations, that is, when consumers learn that retailers charged them a lower price than what the same retailers charged another customer. Drawing on the appraisal theories of emotion and on social comparison theory, an experiment (n = 272) and a field study (n = 261) are conducted. The results reveal that in advantaged price inequality situations, customers experience a host of positive and negative emotions depending on two factors: the quality of relationship that the customer has with a disadvantaged other customer (neutral, positive, or negative) and the attribution of agency for the price advantage (situational attribution to competition, external attribution to store policies, or internal attribution to customer abilities). Positive emotions include happiness, gratitude, pride, and malicious joy; while negative emotions include pity, outrage, and guilt. These emotions are shown to mediate the occurrence of customer reactions (i.e., customer satisfaction, loyalty, WOM referral, and WOM activity). The article concludes with theoretical implications and recommendations for retail practitioners on how to use dynamic pricing.
Effect of Dissolved Organic Carbon on Sorption of Pyrethroids to Sediments

Despite their strong hydrophobicity, recent studies showed widespread occurrence of pyrethroid in downstream surface waters bodies. In this work, the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on the sorption and desorption of pyrethroids in sediment was evaluated to understand the role of DOC in facilitating pyrethroid transport. Presence of DOC from three sources at 38 ± 2 mg L⁻¹ in the aqueous phase decreased pesticide sorption to a sediment by 1.7 to 38.9 times and increased their desorption by 1.2 to 41.4 times. The effect on pyrethroid sorption to the sediment was linear. In addition, interactions between DOC and pyrethroids, when taking place prior to the contact with sediment, decreased sorption of some pyrethroids even further, implying that DOC-pyrethroid complexs were relatively stable in solution. DOC sources with higher contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups were found to have a higher potential to associate with pyrethroids. The DOC-water partition coefficients (K(DOC)) obtained by solid-phase microextraction measurement were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with K(d) values measured for the sediment. These results provide evidence that DOC increases the distribution of pyrethroids from the sediment to the solution phase and plays an important role in mobilizing pyrethroids in runoff and surface streams.
Nitrogen fertilizer management of ratooned grain sorghum

Abstract Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grown in a ratoon cropping system is an alternative double‐cropping scheme for the southeastern U.S. Visual symptoms of nitrogen (N) deficiency in the early growth of the ratooned crop suggested that improved N fertilizer management might increase grain yields of the ratooned crop. Five hybrids: Coker 7737, Gold Kist 802G, Northrup King NK 2660, DeKalb DK‐59 and Pioneer Brand 8311 were grown in a ratoon cropping system on a Greenville sandy clay loam (Rhodic Paleudult). Nitrogen fertilizer treatments for the ratoon crop were applied at flowering of the planted crop (90 kg ha‐1), immediately following ratooning (90 kg ha‐1) or split between flowering of the planted crop (45 kg ha‐1) and ratooning (45 kg ha‐1 ). The N concentrations in the grain and stover of the planted crop were increased by both N rates applied at flowering of the planted crop. Grain yields of the planted or ratooned crops were not affected by the timing of N fertilizer application for the r...
Predictive Power of Initial Oxygenation Index for Predicting Subsequent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants

Predictive Power of Initial Oxygenation Index for Predicting Subsequent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Premature Infants
Optimization of torque-balanced asymmetric head gradient coils

Local gradient coils can improve the performance of echo-planar, diffusion, and short TE imaging in the brain. A modified singular value decomposition algorithm, which allows the rapid optimization and comparison of designs, was employed to optimize head size gradient coils. A theoretical expression for the torque on a cylindrical coil is presented and used to design coils that are free from torque while pulsed within a magnetic field. Gradient coils of various lengths both with and without torque constraints were compared; although torque-free coils do not perform as well as unbalanced coils, asymmetric torque-balanced coils can achieve comparable homogeneity with only a modest increase in inductance and resistance. Both types of coils outperform body size gradient coils by a dramatic margin. A three-axis head gradient designed using these techniques was constructed and used for brain imaging on a clinical scanner.
The synergism of n-hexane-induced neurotoxicity by methyl isobutyl ketone following subchronic (90 days) inhalation in hens: Induction of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450

Abstract The effect of methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK) on n-hexane-induced neurotoxicity was investigated via inhalation in seven groups of five hens each for 90 days followed by a 30-day observation period. One group was exposed to vapors containing 1000 ppm n-hexane and another group to vapors having 1000 ppm MiBK. Four groups were exposed simultaneously to 1000 ppm of n-hexane and 100, 250, 500, or 1000 ppm MiBK. Another group was exposed similarly to ambient air in an exposure chamber and used as a control. Hens continuously exposed to 1000 ppm MiBK developed leg weakness with subsequent recovery, while inhalation of the same concentration of n-hexane produced mild ataxia. Hens exposed to mixtures of n-hexane and MiBK developed clinical signs of neurotoxicity, the severity of which depended on the MiBK concentration. Thus, all hens exposed to 1000 ppm n-hexane in combination with 250, 500, or 1000 ppm MiBK progressed to paralysis. Hens continuously exposed to 1000 100 n-hexane/MiBK showed severe ataxia which did not change during the observation period. The neurologic dysfunction in hens exposed simultaneously to n-hexane and MiBK was accompanied by large swollen axons and degeneration of the axon and myelin of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves. The results indicate that the nonneurotoxic chemical MiBK synergized the neurotoxic action of the weak neurotoxicant n-hexane since the coneurotoxicity coefficient for joint exposure was more than two times the additive effect of each treatment alone. In another experiment, to investigate the mechanism of MiBK synergism of n-hexane neurotoxicity, continuous inhalation for 50 days of 1000 ppm n-hexane had no effect on hen hepatic microsomal enzymes, whereas inhalation of 1000 ppm MiBK for 50 days or a mixture of 1000 ppm of each of n-hexane and MiBK for 30 days significantly induced aniline hydroxylase activity and cytochrome P-450 contents in hen liver microsomes. Liver microsomal proteins from these hens and from hens treated with β-naphthoflavone (β-NF) and phenobarbital (PB) were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. While β-NF increased the 55-kDa band (1408%), PB, MiBK, and MiBK/n-hexane increased the protein band (49 kDa) (258, 335, and 253%, respectively), indicating that MiBK induces chicken hepatic cytochrome P-450. The results suggest that the synergistic action of MiBK on n-hexane neurotoxicity may be related to its ability to induce liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, resulting in increased metabolic activation of n-hexane to more potent neurotoxic metabolites.
Nitrate removal from drinking water through the use of encapsulated microorganisms in alginate beads.

Abstract Biological treatment for removal of nitrate from drinking water is of great significance, as traditional physical and chemical methods could not effectively remove soluble nitrate. In this report immobilized microorganisms with co‐immobilized caldum tartrate were used for reducing nitrate concentration (110 mg 1‐1 NO3‐N) in a model solution. The carbon source also functions as a stabilizing agent for the immobilization matrix. Experiments of denitrification showed a high nitrate removal rate while nitrite residual was at a concentration higher than expected. The nitrate concentration was reduced to nearly zero (0.2–1.4 mg 1‐1) after 3 days of operation. The calcium tartrate (4%, w/w) co‐immobilized alginate beads had better nitrate removal performance than tartrate in solution. The nitrite‐N residual concentration was approximately 1.1–2.9 mg 1‐1 at the end of the experiments, showing the desirability of further denitrification. The stability of alginate beads was also tested both to evaluate the...
A biaxial formulation of the recovery construct

The term “recovery” in the substance use disorder (SUD) field has been used generally and non-technically to describe global improvements in health and functioning typically following successful ab...
Microhistory and Mass Repression: Politics, Personalities, and Revenge in the Fall of Béla Kun

kJince the opening of Soviet-era archives, our knowledge of aspects of the Stalinist mass repression, known variously as the Great Purges, the Great Terror, the Yezhovshchina, or the Stalinshchina, has increased substantially.1 We have a better, albeit incomplete sense of many aspects of the mass repression. Although the numbers of people who perished by execution or in the camps are much lower than some earlier estimates, they are inhumanely high. Yet there is still no clear sense of the overall scale of the repression.2 We know more
Absolute Fourth Moments and Finiteness of Linear Groups

Let G be a finite group. Let V be a faithful irreducible complex G-module whose tensor square is nearly irreducible. We answer a question of N. M. Katz by showing that no noncentral element of G has an eigenspace of dimension greater than 7/8 the dimension of V.
Hydrogen detector testing and design using synthetic biology and fluorescence photo analysis

Synthetic biology methods can be used to construct a biological hydrogen detector, provided a hydrogen activated promoter can be identified. The hybB operon is directly involved in the production of hydrogenase II and thus the hybB promoter may show some activity based on hydrogen presence. This report studies the relationship between hybB promoter activity and hydrogen concentration as well as the possible testing methods for a biological hydrogen detector. The hybB promoter can be placed upstream of DNA coding for a part that converts PoPS (polymerases per second) into fluorescence to create a detector with reporting ability. This engineered DNA, when inserted into an effective host, in this case E. coli, can be tested and characterised based on fluorescence. The hybB promoter, like most promoters, is not a ‘0–1’ promoter that only has a discrete ‘on’ or ‘off’ state. The range of transcription rates possible will allow quantification over a range of hydrogen concentrations. The product was tested using a digital camera and pixel analysis. This method, once perfected, will provide a method for measuring fluorescence in altered environments or in remote locations without access to a spectrophotometer.
A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Professional Opinion Scale

The Professional Opinion Scale (POS) was developed to measure social work values orientation. Objective: A confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the POS. Method: This cross-sectional study used a mailed survey design with a national random (simple) sample of members of the National Association of Social Workers. Results: The study validated a 28-item POS retaining the four subscales described by Abbott, and the model fit was acceptable. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the POS may be useful in assessing social work values across the social work profession.
Palliative care in the inner city. Patient religious affiliation, underinsurance, and symptom attitude.

Many barriers, including being uninsured or having less than comprehensive health insurance coverage, reduce access to palliative and end-of-life care by inner city minorities. Medicaid or Medicare coverage alone can limit options for pain and symptom management, especially when late referrals make it more difficult to achieve symptom control. Patient affiliation with a religion could offset perceived difficulties with pain medication as well as negative pain and symptom attitudes. Data were analyzed from the most recent assessments of 146 African Americans and Latinos enrolled in an outpatient palliative care unit of an inner city hospital. Fifty-seven percent were receiving palliative care for cancer. Compared with other patients, patients with a religious affiliation did not differ regarding pain medication stress. Uninsured patients with a religious affiliation reported more hopeful pain and symptom attitudes, while patients with a religious affiliation covered only by Medicaid reported less hopeful pain and symptom attitudes. More hopeful pain and symptom attitudes by religious-affiliated, uninsured patients may reveal adequate coping, yet also conceal problem domains. Conversely, less hopeful attitudes by religious-affiliated patients covered only by Medicaid serve as clues to coping difficulties and problem domains. Palliative care programs should carefully consider how to integrate religious support networks as pipelines for program referrals and potential partners for care.
Medical therapy for chronic pancreatitis pain

Chronic pancreatitis should be considered in all patients with unexplained abdominal pain. Management of abdominal pain in these patients continues to pose a formidable challenge. The importance of small duct disease without radiographic abnormalities is now a well-established concept. It is meaningful to determine whether patients with chronic pancreatitis have small duct or large duct disease because this distinction has therapeutic implications. Diagnostic evaluation should begin with simple noninvasive and inexpensive tests like serum trypsinogen and fecal elastase, to be followed where appropriate by more complicated measures such as the secretin hormone stimulation test, especially in patients with suspected small duct disease. No universal causal treatment is available. Non-enteric-coated enzyme preparations are useful for treatment of pain, whereas enteric-coated enzyme preparations are preferred for steatorrhea. Octreotide is used increasingly for abdominal pain that is unresponsive to pancreatic enzyme therapy. When medical therapy for chronic pancreatitis pain has failed, endoscopic therapy, endoscopic ultrasound-guided celiac plexus block, and thoracoscopic splanchnicectomy, performed by experts, may be considered for a highly selected patient population. Surgical ductal decompression is appropriate in patients with considerable pancreatic ductal dilation. The role and efficacy of cholecystokinin-receptor antagonists, antioxidants, and antidepressant drugs remain to be defined.