cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strain-dependent susceptibility to radiation-induced mammary cancer is a result of differences in epithelial cell sensitivity to transformation

Variations in sensitivity to radiation-induced mammary cancer among different strains of mice are well known. However, the reasons for these variations have not been determined. In the present study, the cell dissociation assay was used to determine the radiation-induced transformation frequencies in sensitive BALB/c mice and resistant C57BL mice as well as the resistant hybrid B6Cf{sub 1} independent of host environment. The influence of host environment on the progression of transformed cells to the neoplastic phenotype was also examined. Results demonstrated that the variations in sensitivity among these sensitive and resistant mice are a result of inherent differences in the sensitivity of the mammary epithelial cells to radiation-induced transformation. Under the conditions used, host environment played no role in the initiation of transformed cells by radiation or in the progression of these cells to the neoplastic phenotype. 19 refs., 1 tab.
Complexes between Protein Export Chaperone SecB and SecA EVIDENCE FOR SEPARATE SITES ON SecA PROVIDING BINDING ENERGY AND REGULATORY INTERACTIONS

During localization to the periplasmic space or to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli some proteins are dependent on binding to the cytosolic chaperone SecB, which in turn is targeted to the membrane by specific interaction with SecA, a peripheral component of the translocase. Five variant forms of SecB, previously demonstrated to be defective in mediating export in vivo (Gannon, P. M., and Kumamoto, C. A. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 1590-1595; Kimsey, H. K., Dagarag, M. D., and Kumamoto, C. A. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22831-22835) were investigated with respect to their ability to bind SecA both in solution and at the membrane translocase. We present evidence that at least two regions of SecA are involved in the formation of active complexes with SecB. The variant forms of SecB were all capable of interacting with SecA in solution to form complexes with stability similar to that of complexes between SecA and wild-type SecB. However, the variant forms were defective in interaction with a separate region of SecA, which was shown to trigger a change that was correlated to activation of the complex. The region of SecA involved in activation of the complexes was defined as the extreme carboxyl-terminal 21 aminoacyl residues.
The geometry of circumscribing polygons of minimal perimeter

LetC be a closed strictly convex curve in the Euclidean plane, and letC(n) denote the class ofn-sided polygons which circumscribeC. Geometric conditions are given for polygonsP ∈C(n) which have minimum perimeter in the classC(n).
Evaporating drops on patterned surfaces: Transition from pinned to moving triple line

Evaporation of sessile drops on micro-patterned surfaces is investigated over a range of heterogeneity length scales and solid area fractions. The surface topology is generated by a uniform arrangement of square pillars or square holes. The evaporation process is captured using high resolution imaging techniques and later post-processed for such information as contact angle, contact circle diameter and drop volume. It is observed that two distinct phases of evaporation existed for all substrate characteristics: pinned triple line (TL) phase and moving TL phase. In both phases, the process follows a linear decrease of surface area. The dimensionless evaporation rate constant is found to be higher during the moving TL phase in comparison with the pinned TL phase. In addition, it is found that the triple line topology has no effect on the evaporation rate constant.
Parallel Prefix Polymorphism Permits Parallelization, Presentation a Proof

Polymorphism in programming languages enables code reuse. Here, we show that polymorphism has broad applicability far beyond computations for technical computing: parallelism in distributed computing, presentation of visualizations of runtime data flow, and proofs for formal verification of correctness. The ability to reuse a single codebase for all these purposes provides new ways to understand and verify parallel programs.
Functional and morphological ultrasonic biomicroscopy for tissue engineers

Tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary field that combines various aspects of engineering and life sciences and aims to develop biological substitutes to restore, repair or maintain tissue function. Currently, the ability to have quantitative functional assays of engineered tissues is limited to existing invasive methods like biopsy. Hence, an imaging tool for non-invasive and simultaneous evaluation of the anatomical and functional properties of the engineered tissue is needed. In this paper we present an advanced in-vivo imaging technology - ultrasound biomicroscopy combined with complementary photoacoustic and elasticity imaging techniques, capable of accurate visualization of both structural and functional changes in engineered tissues, sequential monitoring of tissue adaptation and/or regeneration, and possible assistance of drug delivery and treatment planning. The combined imaging at microscopic resolution was evaluated on tissue mimicking phantoms imaged with 25 MHz single element focused transducer. The results of our study demonstrate that the ultrasonic, photoacoustic and elasticity images synergistically complement each other in detecting features otherwise imperceptible using the individual techniques. Finally, we illustrate the feasibility of the combined ultrasound, photoacoustic and elasticity imaging techniques in accurately assessing the morphological and functional changes occurring in engineered tissue.
Femur Mass in a 43-Year-Old Woman

A 43-year-old woman was seen in consultation for a lesion in her left distal femur. One year earlier she began experiencing pain in her left knee after a fall. The pain was worse at night and awakened the patient from sleep. The patient had a 26-year smoking history. Her family history was significant for a father who had an unspecified sarcoma of the leg. Physical examination showed full ROM in the extremities, with no lymphadenopathy, palpable masses, or reproducible tenderness. Complete blood count, chemistries, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were normal whereas her C-reactive protein was slightly elevated at 5.3 mg/L (reference, 0–4.9 mg/L). The patient underwent plain radiography (Fig. 1), CT (Fig. 2), MRI (Fig. 3), and bone scintigraphy (Fig. 4). Based on the history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and imaging studies, what is the differential diagnosis at this point?
Augmentation enterocystoplasty in overactive bladder: is there still a role?

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a highly prevalent syndrome defined as “urinary urgency, usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia with or without urgency urinary incontinence, in the absence of urinary tract infection or other obvious pathology.” It is known to generate a large degree of bother and can lead to significant morbidity. Augmentation cystoplasty (AC) historically has been reserved for patients refractory to conservative management. Over time, the treatment options for OAB have grown. We now have multiple pharmacological agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat OAB. In addition, neuromodulation and botulinum toxin now are viable options for patients who have suboptimal outcomes after treatment with anticholinergics and/or pelvic floor behavioral therapy. This may suggest that AC no longer is utilized as a mainstay therapy for OAB. However, despite these many possible treatment options, AC remains an important, time-tested tool in the armamentarium of the urologist to combat the patient with refractory OAB.
Influence of fat and emulsifiers on the efficacy of nisin in inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes in fluid milk.

The recent FDA affirmation of nisin, an antimicrobial peptide, as a GRAS (generally recognized as safe) additive in pasteurized cheese spreads has renewed interest in its potential application in US dairy products. Fluid milks were prepared with varying concentrations of milk fat (0 to 12.9%) and of nisin (0 to 50 U/ml). Biological activity assays using a sensitive indicator microorganism in a well diffusion system indicated that initial nisin activity (50 U/ml) decreased by about 33% when it was added to skim milk and by more than 88% when added to milk containing 12.9% fat. Nisin activity decreased by ca. 50% in milk containing 1.29% fat. Milks containing 0, 10, or 50 U/ml of nisin and varying fat percentages were challenged with approximately log10 7 to 7.5 cfu/ml of log phase Listeria monocytogenes Scott A or Jalisco. At 2 h after inoculation, the viable count of L. monocytogenes Scott A decreased to log10 .30 cfu/ml in skim milk with 50 U/ml of nisin, decreased to log10 2.90 cfu/ml in skim milk with 10 U/ml of nisin, and increased slightly (log10 7.8 cfu/ml) in skim milk without nisin. In half-and-half (12.9% milk fat), nisin was far less effective in inhibiting Listeria with populations decreasing to log10 6.57 cfu/ml for 10 U/ml of nisin and log10 5.87 cfu/ml for 50 U/ml. Similar results were obtained with L. monocytogenes Jalisco. The nonionic emulsifier, Tween 80, partially counteracted decreases of nisin activity in milks, whereas the anionic emulsifier, lecithin, had no effect. Addition of Tween 80 significantly increased the activity of nisin against L. monocytogenes in milk regardless of fat content.
Cardiovascular and blood gas responses to hyperbaric oxygenation

Abstract Ten normal subjects were studied while they breathed air and 100% oxygen at 1 and 3.04 atmospheres. Oxygen inhalation at 3.04 atmospheres was associated with a significant increase in arterial and venous pO 2 and O 2 content. Hemoglobin in the venous circulation was completely saturated in 8 of 10 subjects. Oxygen inhalation at 3.04 atmospheres produced a small but significant increase in venous pCO 2 , presumably due to the loss of the buffering effect of reduced hemoglobin. Heart rate and cardiac output fell significantly with little change in stroke volume during oxygen inhalation at 3.04 atmospheres, indicating that the decrease in cardiac output was rate-dependent. There was little change in mean arterial pressure but an increase in calculated peripheral resistance during oxygen inhalation at 3.04 atmospheres. Two subjects who demonstrated signs of acute oxygen intoxication did not differ significantly from the group as a whole either in terms of blood gas values or patterns of hemodynamic response.
Competitive online scheduling of perfectly malleable jobs with setup times

Abstract We study how to efficiently schedule online perfectly malleable parallel jobs with arbitrary arrival times on m ⩾ 2 processors. We take into account both the linear speedup of such jobs and their setup time, i.e., the time to create, dispatch, and destroy multiple processes. Specifically, we define the execution time of a job with length p j running on k j processors to be p j / k j + ( k j − 1) c , where c > 0 is a constant setup time associated with each processor that is used to parallelize the computation. This formulation accurately models data parallelism in scientific computations and realistically asserts a relationship between job length and the maximum useful degree of parallelism. When the goal is to minimize makespan, we show that the online algorithm that simply assigns k j so that the execution time of each job is minimized and starts jobs as early as possible has competitive ratio 4( m − 1)/ m for even m ⩾ 2 and 4 m /( m + 1) for odd m ⩾ 3. This algorithm is much simpler than previous offline algorithms for scheduling malleable jobs that require more than a constant number of passes through the job list.
The reaction of F atoms with C2H2. Vibrational spectrum of the t-2-fluorovinyl free radical isolated in solid argon

Abstract When the products of the reaction F atoms produced in a microwave discharge with acetylene frozen in a large excess of argon at 14 K, several new infrared absorptions appear which can be assigned to a product that photodecomposes at wavelengths shorter than 280 nm. A reasonable fit of the isotopic data to a diagonal valence-force potential has been obtained using a molecular structure of t-2-fluorovinyl derived from theoretical calculations for closely, related molecules, consistent with the conclusion from previus EPR studies that this radical is the principal product of the F + C 2H 2 reaction. Some ambiguity remains in the assignment of the deformation fundamentals. Studies at higher F-atom concentrations support the conclusion from earlier mass spectrometric studies in HCCF results from the fragmentation of the excited C 2H 2F 2 formed on secondary F-atom reaction. The HF stretching absorptions of the [C 2H 2 + HF] and [HCCF + HF] hydrogen-bonded complexes have been identified. Some evidence has also been obtained for the stabilization of the [HC 2 + HF] complex on photodecomposition of the t-2-fluorovinyl radical in solid argon.
Being an Anthropologist in the Face of Disaster

: Liam Frink is contributing editor of “Ethical Currents,” the AAA Committee on Ethics column in Anthropology News. Keywords: disaster, ethics
Nutrient-response: a long random walk through metabolic pathways

Abstract An equation has been derived to describe the relationship between response and nutrient intake. This derivation has been based on stochastic principles in which the metabolites involved were treated as discrete states. Derivation involved calculation of the fractional occupancy of each state during a continuous random walk through the graph, which represented the metabolic pathway. The resultant equation is a rational polynomial. A rational polynomial can accommodate the various shapes of nutrient-response curves that have been reported.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Race Are Associated With Adult Sleep

Race and current socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with sleep. Parental education, a commonly studied component of childhood SES, is predictive of adult health outcomes; yet, its impact on adult sleep remains unclear. In this study, the sleep of 128 Black and White adults was investigated. Participants with lower childhood SES (assessed via parental education) spent more time in Stage 2 sleep and less time in slow-wave sleep (SWS) than those with higher childhood SES. In addition, women from low childhood SES backgrounds took longer to fall asleep than women from high SES backgrounds. Black participants spent less time in SWS than their White counterparts, and an Age × Race interaction was detected in the prediction of subjective sleep quality. Results were not mediated via current SES or health practices.
Co-extrusion of multilayer poly(m-xylylene adipimide) nanocomposite films for high oxygen barrier packaging applications

Abstract Multilayer packaging films incorporating a montmorillonite layered silicate (MLS)/poly(m-xylylene adipimide) (MXD6) nanocomposite as the oxygen barrier layer and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as the moisture resistant layer were produced through the co-extrusion process at the laboratory and pilot scale level. Extrusion screw speeds were varied from 30 to 130 rpm in order to produce samples with varying layer thicknesses. The multilayer film structure was scaled up from the laboratory scale to the pilot-level scale based on oxygen transmission data obtained from the laboratory-scale process parameters. Laboratory-scale film results indicated that the film which demonstrated an optimal oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 0.3 cm 3 /(m 2 day) at 60%RH and water vapor transmission rate (WvTR) of 1.4 g/(m 2 day) at 90%RH had a structure that contained a core barrier film layer of nanocomposite MXD6 that makes up roughly 34% of the total film thickness, with the remainder of the film material consisting of maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin tie layers and LDPE skin layers. The OTR of the films changed as the relative humidity of the test environment was varied from 0 to 90%. However, for the pilot-scale trial it was necessary to reduce the target thickness of the core nylon barrier layer to 22% due to layer-to-layer melt flow instabilities that occurred during processing. The barrier properties of the multi-layer co-extruded films were highly dependant on overall film thickness. The highest performing oxygen barrier pilot-scale film had an OTR of 0.3 cm 3 /(m 2 day) (60%RH) and a WvTR of 2.4 g/(m 2 day) (90%RH) with a core nylon layer of 1.5 mil and a total thickness of 7.7 mil. Correlation of the layer thicknesses to the barrier and mechanical properties of the pilot-scale multilayer films indicated that an increased nanocomposite core layer thickness improved the oxygen barrier performance and decreased film elongation while improving the tear resistance of the films.
Successful Sex Reversal of Brook Trout with 17α-Methyldihydrotestosterone Treatments

Abstract Monosex female stocks are widely used in the commercial production of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The potential for commercial production of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, however, is constrained by the lack of published protocols for producing the sex-reversed males required to create monosex female stocks. Immersion and immersion plus feeding treatments with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and 17α-methyldihydrotestosterone (MDHT) were applied to genotypically female gynogenetic brook trout to induce phenotypic sex reversal. The fry were exposed to a 6-h immersion in a solution of MT or MDHT on day 10 following completion of hatch and/or to a steroid-treated diet for 60 d beginning at first feeding. Immersion dosages were 0.5 or 1.0 mg/L, and feeding dosages were 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg of feed for MT and 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg for MDHT. Phenotypic sex of the fish was determined 19 or 22 months after first feeding. Control gynogenetic fish were 100% phenotypic females. Treatments with MT had minimal e...
Feasibility of producing optimal surface integrity by process design in hard turning

There is a growing demand in hard turning industry to produce favorable surface integrity (surface finish, microstructure, microhardness, and residual stress) for improving component performance. Suitable process parameters will produce certain favorable surface integrity or at least avoid detrimental phase transformations to component performance. It is not clear if surface integrity is controllable using a set of selected process parameters. This research is to study the feasibility of obtaining four distinct types of surface integrity, which may have potential dramatic effects on fatigue life of hard-machined components. This study identifies surface integrity first and follows with the necessary conditions possible to create it in hard turning. Favorable surface integrity for optimal fatigue life can be produced using small feeds and sharp cutting tools. From the process point of view, tool wear is the dominant factor to promote white layer formation and yields a large variance of surface roughness, which may significantly deteriorate component life. A white layer could be more than 30% harder and a dark layer about 60% softer than the bulk material.
Characterizing deep soils from an impacted subtropical isolated wetland: implications for phosphorus storage

Soils within the Lake Okeechobee drainage basin, FL, USA, have been impacted by beef cattle and dairy operations and the landscape ditched and drained to facilitate stocking and grazing pastures. Restoring wetlands located on pastures has been proposed to reduce overland loss of phosphorus (P) by retaining it within the soils. However, soil properties of deeper horizons within impacted wetlands are rarely investigated due to the assumption that most dominant biogeochemical interactions occur at the soil–water interface. In this paper, we investigate soil properties up to 160 cm below the surface from an impacted isolated wetland and its surrounding upland pasture. Four intact soil cores were collected using the vibracoring technique, sectioned at 2-cm intervals, and analyzed for organic matter content by loss on ignition, total P by acid persulfate digestion, and water-soluble P using 0.01-M KCl solution. Bulk density and digital imaging were conducted using a multisensor core logger. Clay-sized phyllosilicates were identified using a computer-controlled X-ray diffractometer. Saturated hydraulic conductivity was measured using the slug-out technique, and the Hvorslev method was used to evaluate results. Unobliterated stratification was observed within the wetland in contrast to the pedologically formed A, E, and B horizons within the upland. The presence of clay horizons composed of smectite and kaolinite was dominant below 120 cm, posing potential hydrological and chemical implications, such as low conductivity and higher P sorption capacity. Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils was 1.22 m day−1 (±0.4). Diagnostic features such as increase in bulk density due to compaction, and the “red-edge effect” were useful in correlating the effect of cattle activity and hydrology on soil profiles. Soil organic matter content (38–48%) and total P (100–600 mg kg−1) concentrations were highest and well-correlated (r 2 = 0.81) at the surface. However, a significant amount of P was also present in the deeper horizons associated with clay. The deeper clay horizons account for up to 25% of P per hectare of the entire soil profile. These estimates are nontrivial and need to be accounted for while dealing with belowground P budgets, especially because subsurface lateral flows are dominant within the region.
Mediating Group Dynamics through Tabletop Interface Design

A Stanford University research group explores how design alternatives for tabletop interfaces can impact group dynamics to promote effective teamwork. They built and evaluated a series of novel prototypes that explore multi-user coordination policies and cooperative gesturing, encouraging equitable participation in educational tasks and supporting social skills development for special-needs populations
THE GO/NO-GO ASSOCIATION TASK

Abstract Theory is constrained by the quality and versatility of measurement tools. As such, the development of techniques for measurement is critical to the successful development of theory. This paper presents a technique — the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT) — that joins a family of existing techniques for measuring implicit social cognition generally, with a focus on attitude (evaluation). To expand the measurement potential supplied by its closest cousin, the Implicit Association Test (IAT), the GNAT can be used to examine automatic social cognition toward a single target category. That is, the GNAT obtains a measure of implicit social cognition without requiring the direct involvement of complementary or contrasting objects. Also, by implementing a response deadline in the procedure, this version of the GNAT trades off response latency for sensitivity as the dependent variable measure. We illustrate the technique through a series of experiments (1–5) using simple attitude objects (bugs and fruit). ...
Effects of Improvisational Dance on Balance in Parkinson's Disease: A Two-Phase fMRI Case Study

Aims: This two-phase pilot examined the effects of group-delivered improvisational dance on balance in people with Parkinson's disease. Subsequently, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) wa...
Improvements in the Identification of Strains Facilitate Population Studies of Fall Armyworm Subgroups

ABSTRACT Fall armyworm is a significant agricultural pest in the Western Hemisphere and an important system for studying Lepidopteran migration and speciation. Critical to these investigations are methods that can differentiate between two morphologically indistinguishable strains that differ in their choice of plant host. In a previous study, haplotypes of the fall armyworm Triose phosphate isomerase gene (Tpi; EC 5.3.1.1) were shown to be effective indicators of strain identity. However, the method had technical complications that made it expensive to apply on the scale needed for most population studies. The focus of this paper was to develop a more efficient and cost-effective procedure. By combining polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction enzyme digestion, a strain-specific polymorphism in the fall armyworm Tpi locus can be characterized from single specimens without the need of DNA sequencing. This method was more accurate under some circumstances than COI haplotyping, the curr...
Correlation consistent basis sets for indium

Correlation consistent basis sets are developed for a 13 electron correlation treatment of In atom. The basis sets are used in all-electron (AE) and effective core potential (ECP) calculations. The atomization energies of InCl and InCl3 are used as a test of the basis set. The results are extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The AE and ECP CCSD(T) CBS values are in very good mutal when the AE values are corrected for scalar relativistic effects. The best computed values are in good agreement with experiment.
Science and Effective Policy for Managing Aquatic Resources

Scientists often feel powerless to affect policy on natural resource conservation or management, and managers frequently feel that there is not enough time or money to gather data to enlighten resource management decisions. This article summarizes the discussions in a facilitated workshop that brought together academicians, natural resource managers, and individuals from the private sector to discuss limitations in aquatic resource management policy and how science could be used more effectively in the decision-making process. A major impediment to including science in management and policy decision-making is insufficient dialogue between scientists and managers. For science-based resource management decisions, it is imperative to understand the distinction between science and professional judgment. The former is the acquisition of knowledge by applying the principles of the scientific method, whereas the latter may be based on science-in-progress, has not been subjected to peer review, and can be misrepr...
Processing Yields and Proximate Composition of Cultured White Sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

Cultured white sturgeon, 10–43 months old, were processed into dressed fish, fillets, and steaks. Edible portions from four age classes were analyzed for proximate composition. Round weight yields were: eviscerated, 85–96%; dressed, 53–65%; steaked, 61–74%; skin-on fillets, 54–61%; and skinless fillets, 32–50%. The proximate composition of the sturgeon averaged 77.3% moisture, 18.2% protein, 3.4% lipid, and 1.2% ash. Protein levels in 10–13-month-old fish were significantly lower than in 32–34- and 43-month-old sturgeon. Lipid levels in 10–13-month-old fish, and ash levels in 32–34-month-old sturgeon, were significantly higher than in other age classes.
An Assessment of Links Between Components of Empathy and Interpersonal Problems

Four components of empathy were assessed to determine their contribution to six common interpersonal problems. A sample of 251 undergraduate students (129 women, 122 men) were administered the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP) and the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) in order to evaluate the link between these measures. Regression analyses were used to evaluate which component of empathy was the greatest contributor to the interpersonal problems. Personal distress was found to contribute to difficulties in being assertive, sociable, submissive, responsible, and too controlling. Low perspective taking contributed to problems with submissiveness, control, sociability, and intimacy. Results are discussed in terms of their application to counseling those with interpersonal problems.
Combination of reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction and antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of animals persistently infected with Bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an economically important pathogen of cattle. A successful control program requires early detection and removal of persistently infected (PI) animals. The objective of the current study was to develop, validate, and apply a cost-effective testing scheme for the detection of BVDV PI animals in exposed herds. Pooled samples were screened by using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), and individual positives were identified with an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ACE). The detection limits of the optimized real- time RT-PCR were 10 and 100 RNA copies per reaction for BVDV-1 and BVDV-2, respectively. The semiquantitative results of real-time RT-PCR and ACE or real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were moderately correlated. The threshold cycle of real-time RT-PCR performed on pooled samples was significantly correlated with the pool size (R 2 5 0.993). The least-cost pool sizes were 50 at a prevalence of 0.25-0.5% and 25 at a prevalence of 0.75-2.0%. By using the combined real-time RT-PCR and ACE procedure, 111 of 27,932 samples (0.4%) tested positive for BVDV. At this prevalence, cost reduction associated with the application of real-time RT-PCR and ACE ranged from 61% to 94%, compared with testing individual samples by ACE, immunohistochemistry, or real-time RT-PCR. Real-time RT-PCR screening also indicated that 92.94% of PI animals were infected with BVDV-1, 3.53% with BVDV-2, and 3.53% with both BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. Analysis of the 59-untranslated region of 22 isolates revealed the predominance of BVDV-1b followed by BVDV-2a.
Electromechanical Response of Multilayered Polymer Films for High Energy Density Capacitors

Multilayered films comprising alternating layers of polycarbonate (PC) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (P[VDF-HFP]) show an enhanced dielectric strength (E B> 750 kV/mm) and an increased energy storage density (U d ~ 13.5 J/cm3) compared to monolithic PC and P[VDF-HFP] films. Here the role of electromechanical effects in the breakdown of multilayer films is explored both by imaging the changes in the layer structure caused by electrical fields below the breakdown field and by a direct measurement of the strain in multilayer PC/ P[VDF-HFP] films subjected to similar fields. Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/ Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the layer structure in films subjected to repeated cycles at near-breakdown fields showed local changes in the thickness of individual layers, suggesting that mechanical forces arising from field-induced compression may play a role in the steps preceding the breakdown. The directly measured field induced strain showed evidence for both an elastic and a flow component to the strain. The mechanical responses of films with ≤ 50 vol% P[VDF-HFP] were modeled as simply the sum of an elastic and viscous flow. The observed electromechanical properties vary with the layer structure. This suggests that multilayering polymers may provide a means to mitigate deleterious electromechanical effects in low modulus, high dielectric materials.
How Not to Miss Pregnancy Related Cardiomyopathy

How Not to Miss Pregnancy Related Cardiomyopathy? 36 year old G5P4 African American female at 37 weeks presented with 2 week history of fatigue, shortness of breath on walking a few steps, and cough. Examination was significant for mild tachycardia at 110 beats per minute, oxygen saturations of 90%, and crackles across both lung fields. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. The patient was hospitalized with a presumptive diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia. She was started on broad spectrum antibiotics.
Generalized resource allocation for the cloud

Resource allocation is an integral, evolving part of many data center management problems such as virtual machine placement in data centers, network virtualization, and multi-path network routing. Since the problems are inherently NP-Hard, most existing systems use custom-designed heuristics to find a suitable solution. However, such heuristics are often rigid, making it difficult to extend them as requirements change.In this paper, we present a novel approach to resource allocation that permits the problem specification to evolve with ease. We have built Wrasse, a generic and extensible tool that cloud environments can use to solve their specific allocation problem. Wrasse provides a simple yet expressive specification language that captures a wide range of resource allocation problems. At the back-end, it leverages the power of GPUs to provide solutions to the allocation problems in a fast and timely manner. We show the extensibility of Wrasse by expressing several allocation problems in its specification language. Our experiments show that Wrasse's solution quality is as good as with heuristics, and sometimes even better, while maintaining good performance. In one case, Wrasse packed 71% more instances than a custom heuristic.
APPLICATION OF PHOTOSENSITIVE DEVICES TO BIOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES

—A brief review is given of some results obtained by the application of image intensification to studies of bioluminescence. The system consists of an image intensifier placed at the output of a suitable microscope., so that the image from the microscope falls on the intensifier cathode. The photon gain of the intensifier can be varied from a few thousand to one million. The output of the intensifier is recorded either on film or, in most applications to date, by means of a TV vidicon. The TV system permits display on a monitor in real time and simultaneous recording on magnetic tape for subsequent playback and analysis. It also provides time resolution for dynamic studies. Results are summarized for in vivo observations on Noctiluca miliaris, Obelia, Renilla, and Mnemiopsis leidyi. Utilization of the luminescence of aequorin in the presence of Ca2+ has been directed to observations on amoebae and the egg of the Medaka fish. Studies at the molecular level have been made by means of the spectral distribution of the output light. In these, the output of a fast input lens grating spectrometer is focused on the image intensifier cathode. Thus the entire visible spectrum of an in vivo bioluminescent flash can be intensified and recorded on film by photographing the output. The film is then analyzed by means of a digitized densitometer, and a computer program corrects the observed spectrum for system non-linearities and non-uniformities. In this way, the in vivo spectra of 15 bioluminescent species have been recorded.
Interspecific and Intraspecific Interactions Between Crayfish (Cambarus longulus) and Hellgrammites (Corydalus cornutus) and the Influence of a Predatory Fish (Micropterus dolomieu)

Abstract Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various factors on interactions for refuge sites of two stream-dwelling benthic organisms. The effect of a piscivore, the smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu), on intraspecific and interspecific interactions involving crayfish (Crustacea: Cambaridae: Cambarus longulus) and hellgrammites (Insecta: Megaloptera: Corydalus cornutus) was examined. Three possible interactions were recognized in all experiments: (1) the refuge occupant was evicted by an intruder; (2) the refuge occupant excluded the intruder from the refuge; (3) the occupant and the intruder shared the refuge. The size of both crayfish and hellgrammites had a statistically significant effect on the outcome of interspecific and intraspecific interactions, larger individuals being more successful at excluding or evicting smaller individuals from a refuge. The effect of size on the interactions, however, was tempered by the effects of prior occupancy of the refuge (owner-i...
The Role of Organizational Context in the Creation and Sustainability of Dental Faculty Development Initiatives

Dental faculty development programs exist for a variety of reasons: to improve teaching skills, develop and reinforce relationships among colleagues and mentors, foster career development, and support curricular initiatives and institutional priorities. These activities impact individual faculty members as well as the institutions in which they work. Each institution has a distinct culture that should be acknowledged and understood alongside conventional outcome measures. As such, this article provides an expanded view of faculty development programming, associated educational activities, and related organizational changes at the College of Dentistry, New York University (NYU) since 2005. Contextual factors include the existence of an Office of Professional Development established in 1999, an Academy of Distinguished Educators founded in 2010, and other programs for present and future educators that support the college's educational mission. Outcomes include a comparison study of one program, the creation of new courses, the sustainability and expansion of existing programs, participants' retention rate, and an increase in awards and other educational accomplishments such as publication of abstracts, oral presentations, and related activities by NYU faculty at national forums in dental education.
Surgically-induced Astigmatism After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Spherical Myopia

PURPOSE: To characterize the surgically-induced-astigmatism (SIA) associated with spherical LASIK. METHODS: Refractive outcomes in 70 eyes that underwent primary myopic LASIK with purely spherical ablation were analyzed. The Summit Apex Plus excimer laser was used. The Bausch & Lomb Hansatome with the 180-μm plate was used to produce superiorly hinged flaps. The relationship between refractive astigmatism and corneal topographic astigmatism was analyzed using linear regression and vector analysis. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant negative correlation (slope = -0.21) between refractive surgically-induced astigmatism and preoperative topographic cylinder. A 0.24-D with-the-rule shift was also found. Surgically-induced astigmatism was not correlated with the magnitude of laser ablation. CONCLUSION: The lamellar keratotomy portion of LASIK reduces pre-existing corneal astigmatism and produces a relative steepening of the hinge meridian.
Getting to the Truth: GROUNDING INCOMPLETE KNOWLEDGE.

One aspect of truth concerns knowing when to trust others when one's own knowledge is inadequate. This is an ever more common problem in societies where technological and scientific change seems to be constantly accelerating. There is an increasing need to rely on the expertise of others and consequently to know when others are more likely to be offering an objective opinion as opposed to a biased one. Here, I argue that there are systematic and early emerging cognitive heuristics and biases that profoundly influence our patterns of deference, our ways of assessing expertise, and our sense of when testimony is to be trusted. For the most part, the power and pervasiveness of these biases are ignored or greatly under-appreciated. These biases and heuristics can both mislead and inform our understanding and use of others' expertise; it is therefore critical that we acknowledge their presence and know how to work with them. As will be seen shortly, people tend to make serious mistakes in their evaluations of both their own knowledge and the complexity of systems. Even worse, when people do recognize that their understanding is inadequate, they can make surprising mistakes in guessing who the right expert is to fill out the details. In other cases, however, adults and even young children can accurately figure out where appropriate expertise lies. The details of this story, as described later in this paper, are central to any full account of how we know when to trust others. We have many tools that can be used to help decide when it is appropriate to defer to another's area of expertise and when it is better to have serious doubts; unfortunately, we often do not use these tools effectively. The issue of establishing trust will be considered in a series of five sections. Part I will explore the problem of unbounded causal complexity, namely, the need for ways to construct explanatory gists of causal systems that are far too complex for any one person to fully understand. Part II will ask about the ability to assess the quality of one's own knowledge and will argue that there is a strong tendency for people to overestimate the depth and quality of their explanatory understanding of a wide range of devices and natural phenomena. Part III will consider a related phenomenon in which people are shown to have misleading illusions of insight when explanations are supplemented with certain kinds of irrelevant, but nonetheless compelling, support. Part IV will suggest that illusions of explanatory depth and illusions of insight may be related to errors in underestimating just how complicated various phenomena are, especially those related to the social sciences. Part V will consider how people manage to get by with incomplete knowledge, suggesting that there are several cognitive tools and heuristics that are used to help fill in the gaps in one's own knowledge. Finally, Part VI will discuss how all these factors converge to explain how people are able to establish trust and what errors are likely to occur.
The Thurberia Weevil in Arizona

Overwintering Anthonomus grandis thurberiae Pierce were released from the bolls of wild cotton by summer rainfall totaling 4–7 inches. Emergence is poorly timed with the fruiting of the native host, Gossypium thurberi Todaro, and the emerged weevils are forced to feed on the developing foliage for an extended period. An early generation develops in thurberia squares. Factors affecting mortality of the weevil populations include the physiological condition of the thurberia plant, grazing of cattle, destruction by ground squirrels, predators, and parasites.
Pre-literate Native American Autobiography: Forms of Personal Narrative

Of the few literary critics involved in the study of Native American autobiography, most have avoided the traditional Native American autobiographical modes, choosing instead to discuss the as-told-to life histories which were solicited, translated, recorded and edited by a white collaborator. William Bloodworth distinguishes "anthropological" (or as-told-to) autobiography from "authentic" Indian autobiography, which "springs from the desires of Native Americans to tell the stories of their individual lives," rather than from the wishes of an Anglo anthropologist (69-70). In contradistinction to Bloodworth, Kathleen Mullen Sands writes that "the most distinctive characteristic" of American Indian autobiography is the "collaboration of the narrator and recorder editor" (57). Likewise, H. David Brumble III refers to Native American autobiographies as "bi-cultural documents" which are interesting because of the questions raised by the collaboration between the subject and the collector, and because they record the transition from a preliterate to a literate people in one-hundred-fifty short years (2-3). Arnold Krupat, who offers the most comprehensive discussion of Indian life histories, states that "the principle constituting the Indian autobiography as a genre [is] the principle of bi-cultural composite authorship" (33). Indian autobiography, then, is the place "where two cultures meet," "the textual equivalent of the frontier."' Sands, Brumble, and Krupat agree on the importance of the "bicultural composite authorship" of American Indian autobiography. This is a valid definition for a particular historical period (from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century), but it overlooks early Native American self-expressions. Before white ethnographers came along, Native Americans were telling their stories. Certainly they were told in different forms, with different emphases, for different audiences and purposes, but they were told. William Smith recognizes this when he defines Indian autobiography as "verbal expressions, whether oral or written," of American Indian lives (237). Lynne Woods O'Brien further
The potential of big data in rescuing and recovering black women’s contributions to the Du Bois-Atlanta School and to American sociology

In The Scholar Denied: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Birth of Modern Sociology, Aldon Morris documents various methods used to suppress Du Bois’ role within sociology and then centres him within the creat...
A randomized controlled trial of a smartphone app for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms.

Objective Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in the population, but relatively few affected individuals receive treatment for it. Smartphone applications (apps) could help address this unmet need by offering sound psychoeducational information and evidence-based cognitive behavioral coping tools. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy of a free, publicly available smartphone app (PTSD Coach) for self-management of PTSD symptoms. Method One hundred 20 participants who were an average of 39 years old, mostly women (69.2%) and White (66.7%), recruited primarily through online advertisements, were randomized to either a PTSD Coach (n = 62) or a waitlist condition (n = 58) for 3 months. Web-administered self-report measures of PTSD, PTSD symptom coping self-efficacy, depression, and psychosocial functioning were conducted at baseline, posttreatment, and 3 months following treatment. Results Following the intent-to-treat principle, repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) revealed that at posttreatment, PTSD Coach participants had significantly greater improvements in PTSD symptoms (p = .035), depression symptoms (p = .005), and psychosocial functioning (p = .007) than did waitlist participants; however, at posttreatment, there were no significant mean differences in outcomes between conditions. A greater proportion of PTSD Coach participants achieved clinically significant PTSD symptom improvement (p = .018) than waitlist participants. Conclusion PTSD Coach use resulted in significantly greater improvements in PTSD symptoms and other outcomes relative to a waitlist condition. Given the ubiquity of smartphones, PTSD Coach may provide a wide-reaching, convenient public health intervention for individuals with PTSD symptoms who are not receiving care. (PsycINFO Database Record
Building Automation into Existing Business Processes

This case study describes the implementation of a novel information system that facilitates automation of business processes. The novel system enables managers to design and develop their own processes into the system (with little or no help from technologists). As a result, information flow is greatly enhanced because managers understand the business and the associated processes. The CEO has a vision to transform the organization to more effectively track activities so that it can double in size within the next few years.
Civil commitment for substance abuse.

Determining which patients are appropriate candidates for mandated substance-abuse treatment remains controversial and complicated.
Exploring Granular flow Integrity for Interconnected Trusted Platforms

Existing attestation solutions based on Linux Integrity Measurement Architecture treat the network as an untrusted input. Thus, they often employ strict access control mechanisms with tunneling policies to prevent network flows from tainting the system. However, these different access control policies are challenging for administrators to model and verify for different Linux deployments, making them difficult to deploy in practice. This paper discusses a novel method to bridge the gap between disparate information flow graphs and proposes a prototype of a new kernel-based network flow logger and attestation hooks. Results obtained show that the system impact is minimal in terms of system resources and is more flexible to deploy.