cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of Milk and Mammary Tissue Concentrations of Ceftiofur After Intramammary and Intramuscular Therapy

Twenty-five Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from bovine mastitis were tested for their susceptibility to ceftiofur. Zone diameter for 30 micrograms disks averaged 39 mm, and minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from .5 to 1 microgram/ml. Tissue and milk concentrations were determined from biopsy and quarter milk samples collected from eight cows treated with either intramammary infusion of 100 or 200 mg of ceftiofur, one or two intramuscular injections of 500 mg of ceftiofur, or combination therapy of intramammary infusion coupled with intramuscular injection. Three additional cows received two intramammary infusions of 200 mg of cephapirin at 24-h intervals. Intramuscular injections of ceftiofur resulted in tissue and milk concentrations below detectable limits. Staphylococcus aureus was not eliminated from infected mammary glands by infusion of 100 mg of ceftiofur or by injection of 500 mg of ceftiofur by 48 h after treatment. Combination therapy of 100 mg of ceftiofur infused and 500 mg injected reduced S. aureus numbers in milk and tissue markedly, as did infusion of 200 mg of ceftiofur. Cows receiving intramammary infusion of 200 mg of ceftiofur (two doses at 24-h intervals) had highest concentrations in milk (450 micrograms/ml at 4 and 6 h) and in tissue (.08 microgram/mg at 30 h). These concentrations are similar to those obtained with two 200-mg doses of cephapirin at 24-h intervals. Histologic analysis of mammary parenchymal tissues showed that combination therapy resulted in higher percentages of alveolar luminal area and lower percentages of interalveolar stroma compared with infusion or injection alone. Histology of quarters receiving combination therapy was not different from that of quarters receiving cephapirin infusion alone.
Morphine to Methadone Conversion: An Interpretation of Published Data:

For the past 20 years, methadone has been experiencing resurgence in the palliative care community as a second-line opioid for the treatment of cancer pain. The advantages of using methadone for refractory pain in patients with cancer or in those who could not tolerate the side effects of other opioids such as morphine are well cited in recent literature. Advantages of methadone over other opioids include dual elimination without active metabolites, allowing safe use with renal and liver failure, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and delta receptor activity in addition to mu receptor agonism, multiple routes of administration, rapid onset of action, long half-life, low cost, and fewer adverse effects. Despite the abundance of recent case reports and literature reviews demonstrating the effective use of methadone in patients with cancer, there is a lack of consensus for an appropriate method for converting morphine (and by extension, other opioids) to methadone. This article will review methadone pharmacology and multiple proposed conversion methods; a case report illustrating a popular method for high-dose conversion is also included.
An optimizing compiler for lexically scoped LISP

We are developing an optimizing compiler for a dialect of the LISP language. The current target architecture is the S-I, a multiprocessing supercomputer designed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. While LISP is usually thought of as a language primarily for symbolic processing and list manipulation, this compiler is also intended to compete with the S-1 PASCAL and FORTRAN compilers for quality of compiled numerical code. The S-1 is designed for extremely high-speed signal processing as well as for symbolic computation; it provides primitive operations on vectors of floating-point and complex numbers. The LISP compiler is designed to exploit the architecture heavily.The compiler is structurally and conceptually similar to the BLISS-11 compiler and the compilers produced by PQCC. In particular, the TNBIND technique has been borrowed and extended.
Identity of Antibody to Hepatitis B e/1 Antigen as an Atypical Rheumatoid Factor

Chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) who were positive for antibody to hepatitis B e antigen were tested for precipitating specificities of the antibody and for rheumatoid factor (RF) over a two-year period. Twenty-one of 69 carriers were RF-positive by the latex-RF test with human IgG, but all were negative by the hemagglutination-RF test with rabbit IgG. Antibody to e/1 antigen was identified as an IgM antibody reactive in the latex-RF test, whereas antibody to e/2 antigen belonged to the IgG class and showed no RF reactivity. Antibody production seems to follow a sequential evolution: antibody to e/1 antigen appears early and that to e/2 antigen follows shortly thereafter. Antibody to e/2 antigen remains as the permanent antibody, whereas that to e/1 antigen sometimes disappears. The fact that antibody to e/1antigen is present only in certain chronic carriers of HBsAg would account for discrepancies in reported results of RF test in viral hepatitis.
Insulin as initial therapy in type 2 diabetes: effective, safe, and well accepted.

Background: To achieve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), multiple oral agents are used in a stepwise approach, but long-term maintenance of normoglycemia is difficult to achieve, and, eventually, most patients require insulin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of insulin with metformin for newly diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with T2DM. Methods: Eligible patients were started on insulin NovoLog 70/30 and metformin 1,000 mg twice daily. Biochemical evaluation was performed at baseline and at the end of the 3-month study. Patients were seen monthly to assess side effects and compliance and make insulin dose adjustments. Patient treatment satisfaction was evaluated at the end of the study. Results: Of 63 patients, 92% completed the study. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) decreased from 10.8 to 5.9% (p , .0001), and 100% of subjects achieved an HbA1c , 7%. Weight increased from 100.0 to 101.6 kg (p 5 .004) but was less than expected given that patients lost an average of 7.2 kg prior to diagnosis and achieved a reduction in HbA1c of 5%. The rate of hypoglycemia was low (1.5 episodes/patient-month). Ninety-seven percent of the patients were satisfied with their insulin treatment, and 88% were willing to continue insulin. Compliance was 96.5% with insulin and 95.1% with metformin. Conclusion: Outpatient initiation of insulin therapy at the time of diagnosis of T2DM is an effective, safe, and feasible strategy for rapidly lowering HbA1c levels to targets. Insulin was very well accepted by the patients, refuting the misconception of low satisfaction and acceptance of such treatment.
Spin-orbit coupling induced enhancement of superconductivity in a two-dimensional repulsive gas of fermions

We study a model of a two-dimensional repulsive Fermi gas with Rashba spin-orbit coupling ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{R}$ and investigate the superconducting instability using the renormalization-group approach. We find that, in general, superconductivity is enhanced as the dimensionless ratio $\frac{1}{2}m{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{R}^{2}/{E}_{F}$ increases, resulting in unconventional superconducting states which break time-reversal symmetry.
Analytical SuperSTEM for extraterrestrial materials research

Electron-beam studies of extraterrestrial materials with significantly improved spatial resolution, energy resolution, and sensitivity are enabled using a 300 keV SuperSTEM scanning transmission electron microscope(STEM) with a monochromator and two spherical aberration correctors. The improved technical capabilities enable analyses previously not possible. Mineral structures can be directly imaged and analyzed with single-atomic-column resolution, liquids, and implanted gases can be detected, and UV-VIS optical properties can be measured. Detection limits for minor/trace elements in thin (<100 nm thick) specimens are improved such that quantitative measurements of some extend to the sub-500 ppm level. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be carried out with 0.10-0.20 eV energy resolution and atomic-scale spatial resolution such that variations in oxidation state from one atomic column to another can be detected. Petrographic mapping is extended down to the atomic scale using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) imaging. Technical capabilities and examples of the applications of SuperSTEM to extraterrestrial materials are presented, including the UV spectral properties and organic carbon K-edge fine structure of carbonaceous matter in interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), X-ray elemental maps showing the nanometer-scale distribution of carbon within GEMS (glass with embedded metal and sulfides), the first detection and quantification of trace Ti in GEMS using EDS, and detection of molecular H2O in vesicles and implanted H2 and He in irradiated mineral and glass grains.
Synthetic models of cation-conducting channels

Modern channel proteins are complex in structure and marvelous in function. The earliest channels cannot possibly have been so complex but they must have functioned at some modest level. Synthetic chemists have designed a variety of novel structures with the goal of creating a mimic of channel function that is complex enough to function in a bilayer but simple enough to be understood, dissected, and modified. These synthetic model systems are the subject of this article.
Actions Speak Louder than Words: A Case Study on Mexican Corporate Governance

In this case, you will examine corporate governance in an international context and gain a thorough understanding of the ramifications of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), as you observe very different reactions to the provisions of SOX by two Mexican companies, both of whom were trading on the NYSE at the time SOX was enacted. One company, TV Azteca, withdrew from the exchange on the grounds that U.S. regulations ignore Mexico's legal framework and corporate culture. You are required to contrast TV Azteca's response with the actions of another Mexican company, Cemex, which embraces the concepts of SOX. Cemex views compliance with SOX as an integral component of its corporate governance and sees it as necessary for continued access to international capital markets.
Managing Chronic Pain in Patients With Opioid Dependence

Chronic pain may last for months to years, and is often heightened by co-morbid opioid dependence; setting realistic expectations for both patient and physician is therefore a key step in formulating treatment plans. Chronic pain is influenced by psychological, social and environmental factors in addition to somatic pathology, thus treatment needs to encompass more than just analgesia. The specific treatments should address contributors to and sequelae of chronic pain and addiction (e.g., social isolation, physical disability, depression, anxiety, obesity, financial stress, housing instability) and include multimodal interventions: psychosocial engagement, physical mobility and conditioning, weight loss, substance use treatment, and medications. Psychosocial treatments include evidence-based cognitive behavioral therapies, substance abuse treatment groups, 12-step programs and other social activities. Physical mobility and conditioning can be accomplished with physical therapy, yoga, or other exercise programs, and are essential to avoid loss of function and a negative functional spiral. In the setting of obesity, diet in combination with exercise can decrease pain and improve function. Substance abuse treatment is essential for patients with comorbid pain and opioid dependence. Opioid replacement therapies may have some added analgesic benefit. Medication can help decrease the pain level and alleviate some of the complicating conditions but is unlikely to be effective when used in isolation. Opioid analgesics are generally not recommended in cases of patients with opioid dependence because of mixed evidence for efficacy and high risk.
Malignant pancreatic tumors in childhood and adolescence: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering experience, 1967 to present

Abstract Background: Malignant tumors of the pancreas are uncommon in children and adolescents and only recently have the most common tumor types been well characterized. As a result, the treatment approach to these patients has yet to be standardized, and much of the information available in the literature, particularly with regard to the role of chemotherapy and radiation, is anecdotal. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken of all patients less than 21 years of age with malignant pancreatic tumors who were cared for at Memorial Sloan-Kettering since 1967. Results: Seventeen patients were identified. The pathologic types were pancreatoblastoma, 5; solid pseudopapillary tumor, 7; acinar cell carcinoma, 1; nonfunctioning pancreatic endocrine neoplasm, 1; malignant VIPoma, 1; and PNET, 2. A complete resection of the primary tumor was achieved in 82%, and 12 of 15 are alive, 10 with no evidence of disease. Chemotherapy or radiation were used in selected cases. Conclusions: Unlike malignant pancreatic tumors in adults, tumors in children and adolescents usually are resectable, and long-term survival is likely. However, the risk of recurrence for pancreatoblastoma is high. The roles of chemotherapy and radiation remain undefined. J Pediatr Surg 37:887-892. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
State craving, food availability, and reactivity to preferred snack foods.

The startle response has been shown to be useful in studying reactivity to food cues. Following 6 h of food deprivation and exposure to neutral and food cues, we examined the role of state craving combined with both a short and long delay of consumption on affect and startle reflex. Participants completed the PANAS, consumed a controlled early morning meal, and experienced 6 h of food deprivation. They then reported back to the laboratory, completed a second baseline PANAS, and had their baseline eyeblink EMG startle responses to 100 dB(A) startle probe assessed. Prior to and following the presentation of cues, startle probes were presented and responses were recorded. The PANAS and state craving were also assessed after each cue. Food cues provoked higher levels of state craving than neutral cues and startle responses failed to habituate as quickly to food cues as they did to neutral cues. In addition, cue exposure created the highest NA among high state cravers in the long delay of consumption group. Startle responses differed from NA in that with long delay startle was high irrespective of state craving scores; in the short delay of consumption condition, startle increased linearly with state craving. These results illustrate that state craving and expectations of food availability are important variables in understanding food-related cue reactivity.
CXCL5 polymorphisms are associated with variable blood pressure in cardiovascular disease-free adults

Leukocyte count has been associated with blood pressure, hypertension, and hypertensive complications. We hypothesized that polymorphisms in the CXCL5 gene, which encodes the neutrophilic chemokine ENA-78, are associated with blood pressure in cardiovascular disease (CVD)-free adults and that these polymorphisms are functional. A total of 192 community-dwelling participants without CVD or risk equivalents were enrolled. Two CXCL5 polymorphisms (−156 G > C (rs352046) and 398 G > A (rs425535)) were tested for associations with blood pressure. Allele-specific mRNA expression in leukocytes was also measured to determine whether heterozygosity was associated with allelic expression imbalance. In −156 C variant carriers, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 7 mmHg higher than in −156 G/G wild-type homozygotes (131 ± 17 vs. 124 ± 14 mmHg; P = 0.008). Similarly, diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was 4 mmHg higher in −156 C variant carriers (78 ± 11 vs. 74 ± 11 mmHg; P = 0.013). In multivariate analysis of SBP, age, sex, body mass index, and the −156 G > C polymorphism were identified as significant variables. Age, sex, and the −156 G > C SNP were further associated with DBP, along with white blood cells. Allelic expression imbalance and significantly higher circulating ENA-78 concentrations were noted for variant carriers. CXCL5 gene polymorphisms are functional and associated with variable blood pressure in CVD-free individuals. The role of CXCL5 as a hypertension- and CVD-susceptibility gene should be further explored.
Public Attitudes toward Emerging Technologies: Examining the Interactive Effects of Cognitions and Affect on Public Attitudes toward Nanotechnology

Previous studies on public attitudes toward emerging technologies have treated cognitive and affective influences on public opinion as distinct, with little attention to the possible interaction between the two. Directly addressing this issue, we argue that cognitive and affective factors not only have important separate effects on public attitudes but also work in tandem to produce effects. In particular, it may be that affective variables shape the impact of cognitions and vice versa. We use data from a national telephone survey to test this interactive model of decision making about emerging technologies. Our analyses show that emotional heuristics moderate the effect that knowledge about nanotechnology has on people's overall attitudes toward nanotechnology, with knowledge having a weaker effect on attitudes for people who do show strong emotional reactions to the topic. The implications of these findings for future research and policy making in this area are discussed.
Optimizing data sharing and address translation for the Cell BE Heterogeneous Chip Multiprocessor

Heterogeneous Chip Multiprocessors (HMPs), such as the Cell Broadband Engine, offer a new design optimization opportunity by allowing designers to provide accelerators for application specific domains. Data sharing between CPUs and accelerators, and memory access mechanisms and protocols are crucial decisions in the design of an HMP. In this article, we analyze the choices between hardware and software managed coherence between CPU and accelerators for DMA-based data sharing, and find that hardware-coherent DMA shows a performance benefit of up to 3x, even for simple workloads.We explore memory address translation architecture choices for DMA-based data sharing. In multiprogramming environments, address translation is commonly used to separate processes. For efficiency, direct access to system memory requires address translation capabilities in the accelerator. We find that hardware managed address translation shows a performance benefit of up to 5x, even for simple workloads, by avoiding the costs of accelerator/CPU communication and supervisor management of the translation context and the introduction of a serial bottleneck on the CPU.
Household formation by the young in the United States.

A model of household formation by the young is specified and estimated. It was found that the headship rate for the young in the United States depends on income, the cost of housing, the number of families receiving AFDC payments, the age at first marriage for females and for males, and the percentage of males enrolled in college. Household formation by the young is much more sensitive to changes in income and the price of housing than household formation by the entire adult population. The estimated results are used to examine the change in the headship rate from 1961 to 1979 and from 1979 to 1987.
Withdrawal, matching, withdrawal matching, and variable matching strategies in reducing attack instigated aggression

Several studies have investigated strategies that a participant in dyadic aggression may use to reduce the aggression of the other participant. In one set of these studies the subject is instigated to aggression by an opponent who sets maximum shocks for the subject to receive during the first block of six trials. Following attack-instigation, opponents shift to withdrawal and matching strategies for 18 trials. The withdrawal strategy is an abrupt shift to the lowest levels of shock possible. The matching strategy is the exact matching by an opponent of the shock set by the subject on the previous trial. With these procedures the withdrawal strategy has been the most effective method to reduce aggression. These results led to the suggestion that the effectiveness of the withdrawal strategy may be due to immediate, unambiguous communication by the opponent of his willingness to reduce attack. This hypothesis was tested in the present study by creating a matching condition modified to include immediate, unambiguous communication of willingness to reduce attack. In this withdrawal-matching condition the opponent followed attack with two trials of the lowest levels of shock before shifting to a matching strategy. Although the withdrawal-matching strategy did not lead to shock settings that were significantly lower than the matching strategy, there was evidence that subjects interacting with withdrawal-matching opponents did reduce their shock settings from block 1 to block 4 more rapidly than subjects interacting with matching opponents. A variable matching strategy was also used to provide a more realistic analogy of matching in the mundane world. While subjects with variable-matching opponents also did not set shock levels during blocks 2, 3, and 4 that were significantly lower than the matching strategy, there was evidence that subjects in this condition reduced their shock levels more rapidly than subjects with matching opponents. Although the effects were not as strong as expected, the results do provide some support for the interpretation that the effectiveness of the withdrawal strategy may be due to unambiguous communication of willingness by the opponent to reduce his or her aggression. The effectiveness of the variable-matching strategy was attributed to interrupting the tendency of the subject and his or her opponent to match each other's responses. Consistent with earlier attack-instigated aggression studies, the withdrawal strategy in the present study led to a rapid reduction in aggression.
Rate of plasmid transfer among Escherichia coli strains isolated from natural populations.

Summary: The conjugative plasmid R1 was introduced into ten strains of Escherichia coli isolated from natural populations. Spontaneous nalidixic-acid-resistant mutants of the ten strains served as recipients. The ten donor and recipient strains were mated in all combinations and the rate at which R1 transferred between the strains was determined. The rate of transfer ranged from 5·2 × 10−11-1·1 × 10−18 ml per cell h−1, and averaged 1·3 × 10−15 ml per cell h−1. The results of these experiments suggest that the rates of conjugative transfer are far too low for plasmids to be maintained as parasites in their host populations. Infectious transfer is insufficient; plasmids must confer a selective advantage to their host to be maintained.
A dual-band efficient metamaterial-inspired electrically-small magnetic-based antenna

This paper introduces a dual-band magnetic-based two-dimensional (2D) efficient metamaterial-inspired electrically-small antenna, i.e., a 2D dual-band magnetic-based EZ antenna. The combined 2D planar antenna system is naturally matched to the source at 900MHz and 1800MHz; and thus, it is an efficient radiator at these frequency bands. It will be shown that this antenna system acts as a resonant electrically-small magnetic dipole over a finite perfect electrically conducting (PEC) ground plane at these design frequencies. The performance of the reported antenna system was simulated with Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and Ansoft's Designer v3. The single-band 2D magnetic-based antenna integrated with a lumped element capacitor was fabricated, and the measured reflection coefficients were compared to the predicted numerical simulations. The dual-band two-dimensional magnetic-based EZ antenna radiation characteristics at the design frequencies are presented.
Outcomes of Bare Metal versus Drug-eluting Stents in Allograft Vasculopathy

Background Because of improved outcomes with drug-eluting stents (DES), we examined angiographic and clinical outcomes of bare metal stents (BMS) vs DES for discrete lesions in chronic allograft vasculopathy. Methods Heart transplant patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were divided into one of two groups: BMS or DES. Baseline clinical characteristics, rejection episodes and procedural details were compared. Distal arteriopathy was qualitatively compared using the Gao score. End-points included angiographic in-stent restenosis, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), ST-elevation myocardial infarction, heart failure admissions and cardiac death at 1 year. Student's t -test, chi-square test and the Mann–Whitney U -test were utilized to assess the results. Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results Forty-two patients with 80 stents (56 DES, 24 BMS) were identified. Baseline clinical characteristics, immunosuppression regimen, cardiac risk factors, frequency of rejection and procedural details were similar. Distal arteriopathy was similar ( p = 0.374), suggesting equally advanced vasculopathy. Twenty-nine patients (69%) and 46 lesions (58%) were available at 1 year for clinical and angiographic follow-up. One-year diameter stenosis (26.1 ± 21.3% vs 31.7 ± 38.3%; p = 0.602) and binary restenosis (22.6% vs 22.7%; p = 0.774) rates were similar for DES and BMS, respectively. There were no ST-elevation infarctions; ACS [9 (16%) vs 5 (21%) p = 0.638] and cardiac death (2 in both groups) were similar for DES and BMS, respectively. Heart failure admissions were more frequent in the DES group [18 (32%) vs 5 (21%); p = 0.016]. No clinical predictors were identified. Conclusions In-stent stenosis, ACS and cardiac death at 1 year were similar for DES and BMS. The milieu of systemic immunosuppression in heart transplant decreases the advantages of DES in allograft vasculopathy.
Does Pleural Fluid pH Change Significantly at Room Temperature During the First Hour Following Thoracentesis

differences, 0.002, 0.003, 0.005, and 0.004, respectively; p values, 0.51, 0.21, 0.06, and 0.22, respectively). Conclusions: The pleural fluid pH of a sample preserved at room temperature does not change significantly during the first hour following thoracentesis. Hence, contrary to the common medical practice, there is no need to perform the pH measurement within minutes after thoracentesis and to preserve a pleural fluid sample on ice. (CHEST 2000; 117:1043‐1048)
Excited electronic states of Au3

Abstract Complete active space multi-configuration self-consistent field (CASSCF), followed by multi-reference configuration interaction (MRSDCI) calculations, which correlated 33 outer electrons of Au 3 were made of fifteen electronic states of Au 3 . Spin—orbit effects were also included using the relativistic configuration interaction method. Our calculations facilitate tentative assignment of six peaks in the UPS spectrum of Au − 3 obtained by Smalley and co-workers.
Production of Chick Germline Chimeras from Fluorescence-Activated Cell-Sorted Gonocytes

Modification of the chicken germline has been difficult, because it has been challenging to fractionate sufficient numbers of primordial germ cells for manipulation and implantation into developing embryos. A technique to enrich cell suspensions for primordial germ cells, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), has recently been developed. The objective of the current study was to demonstrate that the FACS-enriched early embryonic gonocytes could fully participate in development of the germline. Therefore, cells were disassociated from stage 27 gonads, incubated with mouse anti-stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, which was detected with goat-antimouse IgM-fluorescein isothiocyanate, and the fluorescently labeled cells were sorted from the unlabeled cells using FACS. The isolated gonocyte population was injected into the blastoderm of unincubated stage X embryos, the germinal crescent of 3-d embryos, and into the circulation of stage 17 embryos that were pretreated with busulfan. Barred Plymouth Rock gonocytes were implanted exclusively into recipient White Leghorn embryos, and White Leghorn gonocytes were implanted exclusively into Barred Plymouth Rock recipient embryos. Embryos were cultured until hatch, and male putative chimeras were reared to sexual maturity. Germline chimerism was evaluated by observing feather color of the progeny. All injection methods resulted in germline chimeras demonstrating that FACS-sorted gonocytes can fully participate in development. Moreover, it was demonstrated that gonocytes isolated from stage 27 embryonic gonads can be introduced into embryos at an earlier stage of development, and the introduced gonocytes can fully participate in germline development.
Coseismic Velocity Change in the Rupture Zone of the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan Earthquake Observed from Ambient Seismic Noise

We investigated seismic velocity and structural changes along the Long- men Shan fault associated with the 2008 Mw 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake using ambient seismic noise data recorded by the regional seismic network of the China Earthquake Administration. We computed cross correlograms of continuous records of station pairs from which we obtained clear Rayleigh-wave signals at periods of 10 to 25 s. We measured the travel speeds of these Rayleigh waves from ambient noise data recorded before and after the earthquake and obtained a total of 77 estimates of group velocity along paths running across the rupture zone of the earthquake. Most of the ray paths showed increasing travel times of Rayleigh waves right after the earth- quake. We inverted the measured differential travel times along different ray paths to constrain regions with significant changes in seismic velocity. Our 2D tomographic image showed a distinct region with an ∼0:4% velocity decrease. The strike and extension of this region match remarkably well with the deep rupture area of the earth- quake. Because the Rayleigh waves that we used in this study travel as deep as ∼25 km below the surface, it is difficult to explain the observed velocity changes solely with shallow damages (<100 m) resulting from strong shaking. Numerous laboratory studies have shown that the speed at which seismic waves travel through rocks changes with the level of stress. The velocity decrease observed here thus may be caused by a large stress drop associated with the earthquake. Assuming a stress drop of 3 MPa, we obtained a stress sensitivity of 1:3 × 10 9 Pa 1 , consistent with both laboratory and field observations. Our results suggest that time-lapse seismic imaging with ambient noise data provides a promising probe for monitoring temporal structural changes at seismogenic depths.
Critical Care Transthoracic Echocardiography: Atrial Sinus Rhythm During Ventricular Fibrillation.

A 70-year-old man with end-stage heart failure and a continuous-flow left ventricular assist device received repeated electrical discharges from his biventricular implantable cardiac defibrillator. Although the electrocardiogram demonstrated ventricular fibrillation, the patient was awake and in no distress. A focused transthoracic echocardiogram was performed to assess ventricular function revealing simultaneous atrial sinus rhythm and ventricular fibrillation. This clinical scenario highlights a unique clinical finding, the complexity of the care of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device patients, and the challenges of intensivist-performed bedside focused transthoracic echocardiogram.
The Interaction of Concreteness and Phonological Similarity in Verbal Working Memory

Although phonological representations have been a primary focus of verbal working memory research, lexical-semantic manipulations also influence performance. In the present study, the authors investigated whether a classic phenomenon in verbal working memory, the phonological similarity effect (PSE), is modulated by a lexical-semantic variable, word concreteness. Phonological overlap and concreteness were factorially manipulated in each of four experiments across which presentation modality (Experiments 1 and 2: visual presentation; Experiments 3 and 4: auditory presentation) and concurrent articulation (present in Experiments 2 and 4) were manipulated. In addition to main effects of each variable, results show a Phonological Overlap × Concreteness interaction whereby the magnitude of the PSE is greater for concrete word lists relative to abstract word lists. This effect is driven by superior item memory for nonoverlapping, concrete lists and is robust to the modality of presentation and concurrent articulation. These results demonstrate that in verbal working memory tasks, there are multiple routes to the phonological form of a word and that maintenance and retrieval occur over more than just a phonological level.
NESTING BIOLOGY OF ZETA ARGILLACEUM (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE: EUMENINAE) IN SOUTHERN FLORIDA, U.S.

Zeta argillaceum (L.), a common neotropical wasp, is established in Florida. The characteristic mud potter-like nests are easily recognized. They prey on geometrid caterpillars. Their nests are reused by various arthropods, forming an ecological web similar to that of other mud dauber wasps. Prey, inquilines, parasites, and scavengers found inside the nests are presented.
Pressure Induced Changes in the Magnetism of Crystal Field Split Systems

Crystalline electric field (CEF) effects in f-band materials are often most dramatically evident in that class of systems where the lowest lying sublevel is a singlet. Although this ground state is necessarily non-magnetic, i.e. = 0, mixing of this state with excited states within the Hund’s rule multiplet is often strong enough to magnetically polarize the ground state, i.e. ≠ 0, where |1’> represents the perturbed ground state1,2. This ground state moment can couple with others, giving rise to magnetic order for the system. Generally, the coupling is weak, and these systems (called induced moment systems) tend to order at rather low temperatures. Accompanying the low ordering temperature is a rather small spontaneous moment. In addition the low temperature magnetization falls far short of the maximum saturated free ion value, even in high magnetic fields. In singlet systems which can develop quadrupole moments through an overcritical admixture of ground and excited states, structural transitions can occur. In addition, for metallic systems, aspherical Coulomb scattering provides an additional avenue for quadrupolar coupling. Ott3 has given a review of these effects, which represent structural analogues to the type of phenomena discussed here.
Grammatical Analysis of the English Comparative Construction

(1961). Grammatical Analysis of the English Comparative Construction. WORD: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 171-185.
The elastic properties of diopside, CaMgSi2O6

The 13 single-crystal elastic moduli of two samples of diopsidic pyroxenes close to the ideal composition (CaMgSi 2 O 6 ) from different locations have been measured at ambient pressure and room temperature by Brillouin spectroscopy. We obtain (in GPa, ±1σ uncertainty): C 11 = 229.0(4), C 22 = 179.0(4), C 33 = 242.5(4), C 44 = 78.9(3), C 55 = 68.1(2), C 66 = 78.2(3), C 12 = 78.0(7), C 13 = 69.8(6), C 23 = 58.0(7), C 15 = 9.9(3), C 25 = 6.1(5), C 35 = 40.9(3), C 46 = 6.6(2), and C 11 = 226.1(9), C 22 = 179.5(8), C 33 = 239.2(9), C 44 = 78.1(6), C 55 = 69.2(4), C 66 = 76.4(8), C 12 = 77.4(10), C 13 = 70.2(13), C 23 = 56.7(16), C 15 = 9.9(7), C 25 = 5.9(12), C 35 = 41.0(7), C 46 = 6.8(4) for the two diopside samples. There are no major differences in the elastic tensor of the nearly pure diopside composition compared with the second sample containing slightly higher Al and Fe contents. Polycrystalline averaging of the C ij for the aggregate bulk and shear moduli yield K s = 114.6(7) GPa, G = 72.7(4) GPa and K s = 113.7(8) GPa, G = 72.2(5) GPa for the two diopside samples. The shear moduli reported here are 8% larger than those determined from previous measurements on a similar natural sample. We confirm the existence of systematic correlations between the composition of the M2 site and most of the C ij values. No unusual compositional dependence of C ij values or the shear modulus near end-member diopside composition is observed.
Divided Conversations: Identities, Leadership, and Change in Public Higher Education . By Kristin G. Esterberg and John Wooding.

Kristin G. Esterberg and John Wooding utilize in-depth interviews with faculty members and senior administrators to examine the forces that prevent public universities from innovating, taking risks...
Dielectric Strengths of Three Polymer Films Under Aging and Tension Status in Liquid Nitrogen Environment

Insulation films used for superconducting devices usually endure certain lapping tension when they are lapped on the conductor,and the aging of the film will occur due to the mechanical stress and the temperature variation of operating environment.To research the insulation strength of the insulation film under aging and tension status in liquid nitrogen environment,a test electrode system is designed to experimentally research AC and DC breakdown field strengths of three kinds of insulation films made of kapton,polypropylene laminated paper(PPLP) and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) respectively.Experiment results show that AC and DC breakdown field strengths of the three kinds of insulation films mostly vary within a smaller range,however both AC and DC electrical breakdown strengths of PPLP film after the heat-cold circulation treatment decrease obviously under the experimental condition,therefore when PPLP is chosen as the lapped insulation material for superconducting power equipments the impact of material aging factors due to drastic variation of operating temperature should be fully taken into account.Besides,it is shown from experimental results that the DC breakdown field strengths of the three insulation films are higher than their AC electrical breakdown strengths in general.
Positive kinematics analysis on bionic kangaroo-hopping robot

The kangaroo-hopping model and the analytical method of mechanism kinematics were put forward, the calculation formulae of positive kinematics were derived and the living calculation example was given out. The correctness of that method was verified. Combining with the calculation result of kinematics, the motive characteristics of kangaroo's hopping was discussed and analyzed, thus provided a theoretical foundation for the mechanism design of bionic kangaroo-hopping robot.
Effects of 2-mercaptoethanol Chain Transfer Agent to AM/AA Copolymerization

Low relative molecular weight AM/AA copolymer was synthesized with AM and AA as raw materials and ammonium persulfate-sodium hydrogen sulphite as initiators within chain transfer agent existence by the line of water soluble copolymer. Effects of different chain transfer agent were compared. Effects of as 2-mercaptoethanol chain transfer agent to polymerization and the relative molecular weight of copolymer were studied. The results show that the concentration of monomers can be heighten extremely in the case of low relative molecular weight of copolymer and the concentration can be taken place in the equable conditions.
Newly Established Institutions Should Coordinate Four Relations in the Course of Development

Along with the rapid development of higher education in China, a batch of new undergraduate institutions has been established,most of which were promoted from three-year colleges.That how to accelerate their development and to become qualified four-year institutions is a hard work they have to face.The author thought that they should coordinate four relations such as discipline and major,standarization and feature,teaching and researching,and normally running and development,so as to acquire better construction and development of the new institutions.
Cytoprotection by sucralfate: Role of sulfate ions

Sucralfate and its component, sucrose octasulfate, are both SO4(2-)-containing compounds shown to protect against acid-peptic injury in rabbit and/or cat esophagi. To determine if sulfate ions (SO4(2-) contributed to this protection, a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed in acid-exposed rabbit esophagi. In the Ussing chamber SO4(2-)-containing solutions significantly reduced the acid-induced decline in electrical resistance (R) observed in controls. This effect was unrelated to buffering of H+, accompanying cation or changes in luminal solution osmolality. Protection by SO4(2-) was specific since other divalent (HPO4(2-] or impermeant anions (gluconate-) failed to reduce the acid-induced decline in R. Protection was confirmed in vivo by showing that acid-perfused esophagi exposed to SO4(2-) had less morphologic damage, higher R and lower permeability to 14C-mannitol and H+ than controls. These results indicate that SO4(2-) have a unique protective action against acid injury to esophageal epithelia, and this action appears to explain the cytoprotective properties of sucralfate.
Endocrine Response Phenotypes Are Altered by Charcoal-Stripped Serum Variability

Charcoal-stripped bovine serum (CSS) is a critical reagent in the study of steroid hormones. However, CSS has high lot-to-lot variability, including residual growth factor and steroid hormone content. Assessing and reporting this variability is challenging but may affect experimental outcomes and data reproducibility. We hypothesized that CSS lot variability would affect endocrine response phenotypes in breast cancer cells, and we tested the effects of five individual CSS lots on endocrine response in MCF-7 and MDA MB 134VI (MM134) cells. Based on the effects of antiestrogens on MCF-7 cell proliferation, we defined CSS lots as having complete vs partial hormone deprivation. In partial deprivation CSS, the absolute effects of residual estrogens on cell proliferation were modest, but these effects masked the partial agonist activity of 4-hydroxytamoxifen in MM134 cells. Importantly, this effectively reversed the interpretation of tamoxifen-resistance in MM134 cells. Variable effects of CSS lots on endocrine resistance phenotypes were also observed in MCF-7 cells. In this context, we observed that partial vs complete deprivation CSS allowed for the development of unique early endocrine resistance phenotypes that correlated with the presence or absence of residual estrogenic hormones. We evaluated the methods of CSS preparation and identified factors contributing to the extent of hormone deprivation. Our observations suggest that CSS lot-to-lot variability has substantial effects on endocrine response phenotypes and that this ubiquitous factor in study methodology may confound reproducibility. Renewed vigilance in testing and reporting CSS phenotypes will greatly aid in interpreting and reproducing endocrine response and resistance data by the community.
Cancer diagnostics: the journey from histomorphology to molecular profiling

// Atif A. Ahmed 1 and Malak Abedalthagafi 2,3 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA 2 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA 3 The Saudi Human Genome Laboratory, Department of Pathology, King Fahad Medical City, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Correspondence to: Atif A. Ahmed, email: // Keywords : cancer diagnosis, histomorphology, targeted therapy, targeted molecular profile Received : May 10, 2016 Accepted : July 19, 2016 Published : August 04, 2016 Abstract Although histomorphology has made significant advances into the understanding of cancer etiology, classification and pathogenesis, it is sometimes complicated by morphologic ambiguities, and other shortcomings that necessitate the development of ancillary tests to complement its diagnostic value. A new approach to cancer patient management consists of targeting specific molecules or gene mutations in the cancer genome by inhibitory therapy. Molecular diagnostic tests and genomic profiling methods are increasingly being developed to identify tumor targeted molecular profile that is the basis of targeted therapy. Novel targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumor, renal cell carcinoma and other cancers that were previously difficult to treat with standard chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss the role of histomorphology in cancer diagnosis and management and the rising role of molecular profiling in targeted therapy. Molecular profiling in certain diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties may provide a practical and useful complement to histomorphology and opens new avenues for targeted therapy and alternative methods of cancer patient management.
A Valued Relationship with Nature and Its Influence on the Use of Gardens by Older Adults Living in Residential Care

ABSTRACTWhile there is growing interest in inclusion of gardens and outdoor spaces in residential care facilities for older adults, these spaces are often underutilized despite many identified, evidence-based benefits. A qualitative study of participant observations with behavior mapping, and individual and focus-group interviews, using a grounded theory methodology was used to understand value versus use of outdoor garden spaces. Individual and focus-group interviews were conducted with 32 residents from two facilities. Results revealed that views of nature are fundamentally important to resident well-being, that access to nature influences facility choice, and use of garden spaces is influenced by the way in which individuals prefer to enjoy nature.
Selected Insecticide Delivery Devices for Management of Horn Flies (Haematobia irritans) (Diptera: Muscidae) on Beef Cattle.

The horn fly, Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of the beef cattle industry. Horn fly adults are blood feeders that remain in constant contact with cattle, providing management opportunities via insecticide-impregnated ear tags. Controlling horn flies in the United States is time consuming and costly, but failure to implement management can lead to weight loss and decreased weight gain of calves and yearlings. In the past decade, new chemical combinations have been impregnated into ear tags for pest management. The objectives of this project were to 1) evaluate the efficacy of ear tags against horn fly populations and 2) determine if reduced fly density results in economic return. During 2013, data were compiled by insecticide class; treated cows averaged fly reductions of 198 (s = 38.91; n = 3) for macrocyclic lactone treatments, 175 (s = 62.74; n = 4) for pyrethroid treatments, and 174 (s = 35.28; n = 8) for organophosphate treatments compared with untreated animals (214; s = 50.38; n = 9). During 2014, mean fly reductions were 187 (s = 14.15; n = 4) for macrocyclic lactone, 147 (s = 61.41; n = 13) for pyrethroid, and 143 (s = 77.16; n = 8) for organophosphate treatments relative to the untreated (200; s = 99.83; n = 14). A novel technology, the VetGun application system, tested in 2014, resulted in fly reductions (121 ±, n = 4), but means were not statistically significant from the control (200; s = 99.83; n = 14). Treatment of cattle with ear tags significantly reduced horn fly numbers compared with untreated cattle.