cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Concerns, Barriers, and Recommendations to Improve Transition from Pediatric to Adult IBD Care: Perspectives of Patients, Parents, and Health Professionals.

BACKGROUND The current transition literature is a fragmented assortment of studies examining select subsections of transition stakeholders. METHODS Adolescent/young adult patients with IBD (40% transferred to adult care), parents, and health providers (53.8% adult providers) participated in 1 of 6 focus group interviews focused on concerns and needs surrounding transition to adult care. Data were analyzed through directed content analysis. RESULTS Transition needs/concerns focused on (1) losing relationships with pediatric providers, (2) perceptions of poorer quality care from adult providers, (3) high parent involvement preventing the development of youth self-management skills, and (4) finances and insurance. Suggestions to improve transition to adult care included the following: (1) meeting alone with adolescents during appointments, (2) providing concrete guidance on how/when to transition responsibility, and (3) increasing accountability for adolescents. Recommendations to improve transfer included the following: (1) providing more information about the transfer process and adult providers, (2) obtaining peer support and mentoring, and (3) setting goals and deadlines for transfer. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of several stakeholder groups allowed for the identification of commonalities across groups as well as their unique needs and concerns surrounding transition to adult care. Concerns and recommendations by participants should be targeted in future transition program efforts.
Porphyrin Synthesis by Mouse Harderian Gland Extracts: Sex, Age, and Strain Variation.∗

Summary and conclusions1. The porphyrin-producing enzyme activity of the Harderian glands of mice of different strains, ages, and sex was determined. 2. The Harderian gland of the C3H strain displayed the greatest porphyrin-producing enzyme activity, while the C57, A, and LCSa strains showed lower activity in the order listed. 3. The age of the animals was the most important variable. From the age of 2 weeks until the age of 8 weeks, there appeared to be a steady increase in the activity of porphyrin-producing enzyme. After this age, porphyrin-producing enzyme activity remained uniformly high in all animals up to one year of age. 4. The small differences in amounts of porphyrin produced by Harderian glands of the mice of 2 sexes was not great enough to conclude that there is a sex difference with respect to porphyrin-producing capacity in the Harderian glands of mice of the strains tested.
Multiplication of Oryzaephilus spp. and Tribolium spp. on 20 Natural Product Diets

Multiplication of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), O. mercator (Fauvel), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), and T. confusum Jacquelin duVal on 20 natural-product diets was studied in the laboratory. Soybean diets, peanut meal, and cracked black-eyed peas were the most unfavorable diets for these species. A mixture of rolled oats and brewer's yeast and a mixture of cracked wheat, rolled oats, and brewer's yeast were the most favorable diets for O. surinamensis and O. mercator . A mixture of wheat flour, cornmeal, and brewer's yeast was the most favorable diet for T. castaneum and T. confusum . Both species of Oryzaephilus multiplied more on cracked grain than on whole grain or meal. O. surinamensis multiplied more on wheat or rice meal than did O. mercator . O. mercator multiplied more on runner peanuts than did O. surinamensis . T. castaneum and T. confusum multiplied more on meal than on whole or cracked grain. T. confusum multiplied more on rice than did T. castaneum .
Development of simple sequence repeat markers for the plant pathogenic rust fungus, Puccinia graminis

Twenty-four dinucleotide simple sequence repeat markers were developed for the phytopathogenic fungus, Puccinia graminis . The identified loci were polymorphic, with allelic diversity ranging from two to 11 alleles. Observed and expected levels of heterozygosity ranged from 0.000 to 0.960 and from 0.113 to 0.846, respectively. Fourteen of the loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Null alleles were observed for 10 of the 24 loci with a frequency of 4–16%. A preliminary screen of other Puccinia cereal rust fungi ( P. coronata , P. striiformis and P. triticina ) indicated that these primer pairs are specific to P. graminis .
Monitoring the structural health of main cables of suspension bridges

In this paper, the results of a study focused on the development of a corrosion monitoring system for main cables of suspension bridges are presented. These sensors measure corrosion rate as well as quantities like temperature and relative humidity that are directly correlated to corrosion activity. Such a sensor network was first tested in a laboratory setting using a full-scale cable mock-up and, later, tested on the main cable of one of the major suspension bridges in the New York metropolitan area. Having the possibility of measuring temperature and relative humidity inside th1e cross-section of a main cable also allowed us to test the effectiveness of the cable dehumidification strategy.
342 Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) peptide prevents diabetic nephropathy in db/db mice.

Purpose Chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) impose a significant burden on the health care system. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) accounts for a staggering 45% of all ESRD cases. As the number of individuals with diagnosed diabetes age ≥ 20 years is expected to reach 39 million in 2050, the number of diabetes-related ESRD cases is expected to dramatically rise. Unfortunately, current management can delay but not cure DN. Integrins and their corresponding matrix proteins are increased in DN. We used an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing peptide to inhibit integrin function in vitro and examined its effect in diabetic db/db mice. Method Using adhesion cell assays, we inhibited mesangial cell (MC) integrin attachment to fibronectin (FN) by blocking the α 5 β 1 -integrin receptor with an RGD hexapeptide in vitro. We customized the peptide by cyclization (cRGD; to enhance its bioavailability) and tested its effect in vivo in diabetic db/db mice by intraperitoneal administration 3MULT/week, since the db/db mouse is the best-accepted and characterized model of progressive human DN. Plasma glucose and systolic blood pressure were measured. Animals were placed in metabolic cages for 24 h urine collection. The right kidney was removed for periodic acid-Schiff staining, Western blot analysis, and immunostaining, and the left kidney was perfused, processed, and embedded for morphometric analysis of electron microscopy images. Primary rat mesangial cells were treated or pretreated with the RGD peptide or PD98059 and used in Western blot analysis for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction. Results Compared to untreated and cRGE-inactive peptide (which has a single amino acid change in the RGD recognition site)-treated diabetic mice and treated and untreated nondiabetic db/m mice, the cRGD peptide prevented the development of DN as determined by improved increased fractional volume of the mesangium, MC and mesangial matrix, as well as albuminuria. There was no effect on GBM widening. These findings were independent of alterations in plasma glucose or blood pressure and were accompanied by decreased expression of α 5 ,β 1 integrin, FN, collagen I and collagen IV matrix proteins. RGD peptide inhibited MC adhesion-induced MAPK signal transduction. Conclusion These studies suggest that specifically targeting integrin function with a customized cRGD peptide is an innovative treatment of DN in db/db mice, which could potentially ameliorate or prevent DN in humans.
Approaches to the Determination of More Accurate Cross-Relaxation Rates and the Effects of Improved Distance Constraints on Protein Solution Structures

In the past decade, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has become an accepted and widely-used technique for studying the structure and dynamics of small- to moderate-sized proteins, nucleic acids, oligosaccharides, and molecular complexes (Wuthrich, 1986; Clore and Gronenborn, 1991). The fundamental phenomenon that allows the extraction of three-dimensional structural information from NMR studies is cross relaxation between protons (Neuhaus and Williamson, 1989). While other NMR parameters such as chemical shifts and J-coupling constants also contain structural information (Case et al., 1994), cross relaxation as manifested in the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) is unique in providing pairwise information: each cross peak in a two-dimensional NOESY (Nuclear Overhauser Effect SpectroscopY) spectrum provides evidence of a short-range through-space interaction between two identified protons, and a macromolecular NOESY dataset may contain thousands of such peaks. Typically, each assigned cross peak is used to derive a distance “constraint,” or pair of bounds between which the distance is assumed to lie, and the dataset of bounds (perhaps along with additional information) is fed into one of several complex computer algorithms for conversion to a set of three-dimensional coordinates. Thus, the accuracy and precision of distances derived from NOESY spectra, and the effect of such accuracy and precision on the derived macromolecular structures, are key considerations in NMR structure determinations. In this Chapter, we review the development of experimental and calculational NMR techniques that allow improved accuracy in the determination of cross-relaxation rates and assess the usefulness of these techniques in structure determinations in proteins and nucleic acids.
The One Degree of Freedom and Continuous Beam Models

This chapter deals with the statistics for the vibration responses of a one degree of freedom model and also a simple beam model. In the first case, a tall offshore structure fixed to the ocean floor is assumed to vibrate in its first mode only when subjected to random wave forces. In the second case, a uniform, horizontal cross beam on a fixed ocean structure is assumed to vibrate in all modes under random forces. In each case, the statistical vibration analysis follows a definite pattern. Since the steps are rather lengthy, it is often easy to lose sight of the design goals of such an analysis. These steps to be followed are summarized: 1. Set up a reasonable mathematical model of the structure and formulate the governing equations of motion for this model. 2. Calculate the complex frequency response function where the applied force is harmonic« Deduce the response to a nonharmon-ic force. 3 Calculate the unit impulse response function where the applied force is step pulse. From this« deduce the response to a general type of force input. 4. Assume that the random input force is stationary and ergodic, and use the results of steps 2 and 3 to calculate the system’s responses.
Ahmed H. Zewail (1946–2016)

Ahmed H. Zewail, an Egyptian-American scientist who won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for pioneering investigations of fundamental chemical reactions on the femtosecond time scale, died on 2 August 2016. He was 70 years old. Zewail was an academic star at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and spent his final years advocating for investment in science education and research in Egypt.
Distance Coaching for Pre-service Teachers: Impacts on Children’s Functional Communication in Inclusive Preschool Classrooms

This article reports the results of a post hoc analysis of child data from a single-case multiple-probe study of pre-service teachers’ use of communication strategies before, while, and after receiving distance coaching. Data were analyzed for the number of functional communication utterances used by groups of preschool children with and without disabilities who participated in activities. Results suggest pre-service teachers’ use of evidence-based communication strategies was related to increased functional communication by children in the inclusive preschool classrooms. Implications for future research and classroom practices are discussed.
Improved low-cost, non-hazardous, all-iron cell for the developing world

A low-cost, non-hazardous personal-power system based on an aqueous all-iron electrochemical cell is demonstrated. The system is intended to be assembled and operated by developing-world households that lack sufficient access to electricity, thereby enabling LED lighting or mobile phone charging on demand. Lab-scale hardware is used to assess the performance of individual cell components. It is found that coffee filter paper is an effective low-cost separator. Carbon felt is a low-cost electrode material, and its performance and wetting by the electrolyte solution is greatly improved by pre-treatment with sulfuric acid. The carbon felt does not degrade after a week of daily use. By using these components, performance of the system is significantly improved over the previous baseline, with power density more than doubling to 40 mW cm−2, and iron utilization improving from 78% to 88%. The operating cost is estimated to be less than US$0.03 per mobile phone charge. Based on the lab-scale results, a stand-alone prototype consumer product is designed, fabricated, and tested. It successfully provides 2.5 h of LED illumination while consuming 200 mL of electrolyte solution via gravity feed. We anticipate these results will enable deployment of this innovative system to energy-impoverished individuals in the developing world.
Integration of safe sleep and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) education among parents of preterm infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Abstract Purpose The aims of this quality improvement initiative were to increase parental knowledge of safe sleep recommendations and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) prevention and assess parental compliance with safe sleep recommendations for preterm infants discharged from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods Parents received an educational session and a safe sleep handout. Pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up questionnaires were completed by parents. Scores were recorded before and after the educational session and one month after hospital discharge. Results Safe sleep educational sessions before hospital discharge resulted in higher post-test scores compared with pre-test scores and a high percentage of compliance to safe sleep practices at home. Conclusion The educational session and safe sleep handout increased parental knowledge of safe sleep recommendations and SIDS prevention and resulted in significant compliance to safe sleep practices at home.
Composition and Microbiology of Some Native Alaskan Preserved Foods.

Ten samples of native Alaskan processed or partially processed fish and fermenled whale meat were obtained from three of five native Alaskan villages visited in three different geographical areas of the state. Native Alaskan methods of processing/preserving the fish were observed. Samples were analyzed for composition and microbiologically for anaerobic bacteria. Compositional analysis suggested that the major preservation effect was through the reduction of aw.
Satellite assessment of particulate matter and phytoplankton variations in the Santa Barbara Channel and its surrounding waters: Role of surface waves

Satellite observations of chlorophyll in coastal waters are often described in terms of changes in productivity in response to regional upwelling processes while optical backscattering coefficients are more often linked to episodic inputs of suspended sediments from storm runoff. Here we show that the surface gravity wave resuspension of sediments has a larger role in controlling backscatter than previously considered. Almost 18 years of SeaWiFS, MODIS, MERIS, and VIIRS satellite imagery of the Santa Barbara Channel, California and its surrounding waters spectrally merged with the Garver-Siegel-Maritorena bio-optical model were used to assess the controls on suspended particle distributions. Analysis revealed that chlorophyll blooms in the warmer portions of the domain occur in phase with SST minima, usually in early spring, while blooms in the cooler regions lag SST minima and occur simultaneously to the strongest equatorward winds every year, often in the summer. Tight coupling between the optical variables was seen in offshore areas, as expected for productive waters. However, values of backscatter near the coast were primarily modulated by surface waves. This relationship holds throughout all seasons and is stronger within the 100 m isobath, but often extends tens of kilometers offshore. This forcing of particle resuspension by surface waves is likely a feature ubiquitous in all coastal oceans characterized by fine sediments. The implication of surface wave processes determining suspended particle loads far beyond the surf zone has large consequences for the interpretation of satellite ocean color signals in coastal waters and potentially redefines the extent of the littoral zone.
Pain resilience: issues of modeling dynamic adaptation in chronic pain

espanolEn los ultimos anos ha habido un creciente interes por los procesos y las caracteristicas que subyacen a la adaptacion resiliente al dolor cronico. El amplio numero de investigaciones empiricas al respecto, ha puesto de manifiesto la ambiguedad en la definicion de conceptos relacionados con la adaptacion al dolor como la aceptacion del dolor, la flexibilidad psicologica y la auto-eficacia relacionada con el dolor. El objetivo del presente trabajo es revisar la reciente evidencia empirica y clinica, en el area de la resiliencia frente al dolor cronico, ofreciendo una sintesis de los hallazgos, centrando el interes en definir y operacionalizar este constructo, comparado con otros constructos relevantes en la adaptacion al dolor. Se concluye que la resiliencia es un proceso dinamico relacionado con caracteristicas estables individuales y factores situacionales, como las metas o los estados afectivos. Por ultimo, se discuten las implicaciones de este modelo en el contexto de la extensa literatura sobre la intervencion psicologica en pacientes con dolor cronico. EnglishIn recent years, there has been increasing interest in processes and characteristics that may underlie resilient adaptation to chronic pain. With this recent increase in empirical inquiry, there has emerged a degree of ambiguity in terms between pain resilience and other constructs previously connected to effective pain adaptation, such as pain acceptance, psychological flexibility, and pain self-efficacy. Objectives of the current paper included reviewing recent clinical and empirical evidence in the area of chronic pain resilience and offering a synthesis of these findings, with a specific focus on issues of defining and operationalizing this construct, compared to other constructs relevant to pain adaptation. We conclude that resilience is best defined as a dynamic process related to both stable individual characteristics and contextual and state factors, such as goal contexts and affective states. Finally, the implications of this model are discussed in the context of the extant literature on psychological interventions for chronic pain.
How Do People-Based Housing Policies Affect People (and Place)?

AbstractAssisted housing programs in the United States aim to provide decent, safe, and affordable housing for low-income households. Increasingly, policymakers have also considered how assisted housing can provide access to lower poverty, income-diverse, and higher opportunity neighborhoods. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development currently balances two strategies. First, place-based programs—immoveable subsidies linked to particular units—can both revitalize distressed neighborhoods and provide access to higher opportunity neighborhoods. Second, people-based assistance—housing vouchers for use on the private rental market—can facilitate moves out of high-poverty, low-opportunity neighborhoods. During this policy moment with fair housing priorities receiving national attention, understanding the efficacy of each approach is critically important. This article synthesizes past research on housing vouchers to identify the impact of people-based assistance on four outcomes: residents’ neighborho...
Modulation of intrinsic resting-state fMRI networks in women with chronic migraine.

Objective: To evaluate the intrinsic resting functional connectivity of the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN) network in women with chronic migraine (CM), and whether clinical features are associated with such abnormalities. Methods: We analyzed resting-state connectivity in 29 women with CM as compared to age- and sex-matched controls. Relationships between clinical characteristics and changes in targeted networks connectivity were evaluated using a multivariate linear regression model. Results: All 3 major intrinsic brain networks were less coherent in CM (DMN: p = 0.030, SN: p = 0.007, CEN: p = 0.002) as compared to controls. When stratified based on medication overuse headache (MOH) status, CM without MOH (DMN: p = 0.029, SN: p = 0.023, CEN: p = 0.003) and CM with MOH (DMN: p = 0.016, SN: p = 0.016, CEN: p = 0.015) were also less coherent as compared to controls. There was no difference in CM with MOH as compared to CM without MOH (DMN: p = 0.382, SN: p = 0.408, CEN: p = 0.419). The frequency of moderate and severe headache days was associated with decreased connectivity in SN (p = 0.003) and CEN (p = 0.015), while cutaneous allodynia was associated with increased connectivity in SN (p = 0.011). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated decreased overall resting-state functional connectivity of the 3 major intrinsic brain networks in women with CM, and these patterns were associated with frequency of moderate to severe headache and cutaneous allodynia.
Radicle Emergence Test Estimates Predictions of Percentage Normal Seedlings in Standard Germination Tests of Aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) Seed Lots

An experiment was made to test the potential for radicle emergence (RE), and predict the germination percentage of normal seedlings both at constant (25 °C) and fluctuating (20/30 °C, 16 h/8 h) temperatures for 23 commercially available Thiram treated and untreated aubergine (Solanum melongena L.) seed lots. Frequent counts of RE at 96, 104, 112, 120, 128 and 136 hours in two different temperature regimes (constant and alternating) consistently predicted final normal germination after 14 days. The R2 values at fluctuating temperatures (R2=0.69 and 0.88, p < 0.001) were generally higher than those at a constant (R2=0.60-0.63, p < 0.01) temperature. Among the 23 seed lots, nine were Thiram threated. The R2 relationship in both temperature regimes were reduced (for Thiram-threated seed lots ranging between R2=0.60-0.79 at 25°C and 20/30°C respectively, and for untreated lots ranging between R2=0.68-0.91 at 25 °C and 20/30°C, respectively). Cumulative germination was slightly higher in the lots kept at fluctuating temperatures than in those kept at a constant temperature. The results showed that the RE test (i.e. 104 h count) can be used to make quick and repeatable predictions of the percentage of normal seedlings in aubergine lots. Moreover it was also significantly related to mean germination time (MGT) values at constant (R2= 0.769, p < 0.001) and alternating temperatures (R2= 0.861, p < 0.001).
The stable Picard group of a local dihedral algebra

The class of local self-injective algebras of dihedral type generalizes the group algebras of the dihedral 2-groups over fields of characteristic 2. For any such local self-injective dihedral algeb...
Multimodal sensory feedback for virtual proprioception in powered upper-limb prostheses

This paper demonstrates the use of mechanotactile feedback to provide humans with virtual proprioception of their prosthetic devices. Traditional prostheses provide little or no sensory feedback, requiring the user to visually inspect many tasks performed with device. Virtual proprioception can allow humans to incorporate the kinematic and kinetic states of an external device into their body image, leading to greater physical intuition of device activity, lower cognitive loading, more reliable usage models, and more dexterous manipulation. Vibrotactile stimuli are used the display sensory information about the grasp aperture, grasp force, and object surface texture through a powered split-hook prosthesis. Experimental evaluation of manipulation with mechanotactile-based virtual proprioception strong capability to accurately determine object properties (85.4% success) without need for visual inspection.
Structured inpatient evaluation of neonatal cardiac ectopy.

In well-appearing newborns with suspected cardiac ectopy, we sought to evaluate our practice and test whether initial electrocardiogram (ECG) findings were associated with neonatal arrhythmias (NA). We identified well-appearing, non-anomalous infants >34 weeks’ gestation with suspected ectopy over 3.5 years. NA was defined as ≥10% premature atrial contractions (PAC), ≥5 beats of atrial tachycardia, ≥2% premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), or ≥3 beats of ventricular tachycardia. The unadjusted associations between initial ECG findings and NA are reported. Among 126 infants with ECGs and Holters performed, NA was observed in 38 patients (30%) and was similar whether PACs were present or not on the initial ECG (33% vs. no PACs: 29%, p = 0.6). However, NAs were identified more frequently based on the presence of PVCs on the initial ECG (83% vs. 25%, p < 0.01). NAs were prevalent and both their etiologies and impact on infants warrant future study.
“Greeting Tablets” in Early China: Some Traits of the Communicative Etiquette of Officialdom in Light of Newly Excavated Inscriptions

Since the 1930s, Chinese archaeologists have discovered a number of inscribed wooden tablets from the early Han to the Western Jin, which were identified as “greeting tablets” of two types, ci 刺 and ye 謁. As attested in transmitted accounts, these tablets played an important role in the communicative etiquette of early imperial and early medieval officialdom; during a meeting ceremony, they were presented by the guest to the host. The present article offers a systematic survey of the available corpus of excavated greeting tablets and explores their wider socio-cultural implications. As a component of the communicative etiquette of the bureaucracy, greeting tablets were instrumental in the adaptation of elements of aristocratic culture to the needs of mass officialdom—a new social stratum that in terms of cultural background differed fundamentally from the hereditary aristocracy of the pre-imperial era but occupied a comparable position as a social and political elite. Depuis les annees 1930 les archeologues chinois ont decouvert de nombreuses tablettes de bois inscrites datant du debut des Han jusqu’aux Jin occidentaux, qui ont ete identifiees comme etant des « tablettes de salutation ». Il en existe deux types, les ci 刺 et les ye 謁. Comme l’attestent les textes transmis, ces tablettes jouaient un role important dans l’etiquette regissant les communications entre fonctionnaires dans la periode imperiale ancienne et au debut de l’epoque medievale: l’hote les presentait a l’invite au cours du ceremonial marquant leur rencontre. Cet article propose un inventaire systematique du corpus des tablettes de salutation decouvertes dans les fouilles et s’interesse plus generalement a leurs implications socio-culturelles. Partie integrante de l’etiquette des communications, ces tablettes ont joue leur role dans l’adaptation de certains elements de la culture aristocratique aux besoins de la masse des fonctionnaires, autrement dit d’un groupe social nouveau dont le fonds culturel differait fondamentalement de celui de l’aristocratie hereditaire mais dont la position en tant qu’elite sociale et politique etait comparable.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy

Scovia is a 21-year-old primigravida in her third trimester of pregnancy in Tororo, Uganda. She is complaining of a severe, unrelenting headache, malaise, abdominal pain, and joint pains for the past 3 days. She has occasional fevers on and off. Fetal movements have decreased. She does not complain of contractions, vaginal bleeding, or leakage of fluid. On examination, her cervix is closed, and a normal fetal heartbeat is auscultated. Her fundal height is 33 cm. Her temperature is normal, but she is noted to be tachycardic at 120 beats per minute. Neurological, abdominal, and joint examinations are normal.
Microcirculation, vitamin E and omega 3 fatty acids: an overview.

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that ingestion of diets rich in fish and fish oils (FO) may be related to reduced incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our studies1,2, and many other studies, in humans and using animal models for atherosclerosis, have shown that FOs significantly reduce serum lipoproteins (in particular very low density lipoproteins-VLDL), and decreases platelet reactivity3,4,5,6,7,8,9,. It has been recently demonstrated that the hypotriglyceridemic effect may be due to decreased hepatic mRNA encoding for fatty acid synthase10,. However, not all reported effects of n-3 fatty acids appear to be beneficial11,12,13,14,. Fatty acids of the three series are susceptible to rapid oxidation and the resulting free radicals can elicit cellular damage15,. In this regard, a poor antioxidant status has been found to be associated with an increased risk for CVD16,17,18,. Some studies have reported that FO consumption increases the dietary vit. E requirement16,19,20,21, while a study recently conducted by Berlin et al.22, found that dietary FO vs a blend of stripped lard, beef tallow and corn oil supplementation increased red blood cell (RBC) membrane vit. E concentration; surprisingly, plasma and tissue lipid oxidation products were not measured. In line with these observations, Chen et al23, reported that FO supplementation may in fact attenuate free radical generation (measured as MDA) in rabbits following coronary occlusion, presumably by serving as the substrate for peroxidation at the expense of other membrane constituents. They also found that in the FO fed group the level of myocardial Superoxide dismutase and the 6-keto-PGF1 α/TXB2 ratio increased versus a coconut oil control (FO vs chow fed did not differ significantly). An alternative explanation might be related to the decreased TXB2 which results in equimolar reductions in HHT and MDA. Most likely, as suggested by others21,, the oxidative stress induced by high levels of dietary FO can be countered by vit. E supplementation in animals where other antioxidant mechanisms are not compromised, although the amounts required are unclear.
Prostate Cancer 2000: Projections for the Future

The detection and management of prostate cancer have improved considerably in the past decade and will be even more sharply defined in the future. Radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies are now available to detect occult soft tissue lesions of prostate cancer clinically by SPEC scanning. Lesions in lymph nodes and bone marrow are now visualised months before conventional techniques confirm this opportunity. As a result, the staging and earlier treatment of regionalised disease is possible.
Ocean Acoustic Propagation and Ambient Noise in a Surface Duct

A near-surface monopole source, such as a bubble oscillating in the breathing mode, generates a pulse of sound in the ocean. The characteristics of the pulse, as perceived at a hydrophone some distance below the surface, depend on the acoustic propagation conditions in the ocean, particularly the variation of the sound speed with depth. Due to the entrainment of air by breaking waves, the sound speed profile in the vicinity of the surface often shows a positive gradient, in which case the medium is upward refracting. This condition is well represented by the so-called inverse-square profile. A complete, exact solution for the sound field from a point source in a semi-infinite ocean with an inverse-square sound speed profile has recently been developed, several aspects of which are discussed below, with a view to illustrating how a non-uniform profile can radically affect the structure of the sea-surface generated sound field.
Psychoanalysis and Diplomacy: Part III. Potentials for and Obstacles Against Collaboration

Given the pervasive influence of Realpolitik over government and the study of international relations, and some inherent difficulties within the field of psychoanalysis, it is not surprising that political science and psychoanalysis remain distant cousins. Part III in this series on diplomacy and psychoanalysis discusses obstacles against collaboration between these two disciplines, but also points to areas where collaboration is possible and can be useful.
Experiment and Theory

The finite distortional deformation generalization described in this monograph, a generalization which is applicable to both polycrystal and single crystal, is a stage III resolved shear stress, resolved shear strain phenomenon. In proposing atomistic explanations for this behavior considerable care must be exercised when directly or indirectly extrapolating the atomistic concepts and conclusions from stage I or stage II theory and experiment to this stage III region of complex slip which until very recently has received relatively little theoretical attention.
Architecture, remodeling, and functions of the septin cytoskeleton

The septin family of proteins has fascinated cell biologists for decades due to the elaborate architecture they adopt in different eukaryotic cells. Whether they exist as rings, collars, or gauzes in different cell types and at different times in the cell cycle illustrates a complex series of regulation in structure. While the organization of different septin structures at the cortex of different cell types during the cell cycle has been described to various degrees, the exact structure and regulation at the filament level are still largely unknown. Recent advances in fluorescent and electron microscopy, as well as work in septin biochemistry, have allowed new insights into the aspects of septin architecture, remodeling, and function in many cell types. This mini-review highlights many of the recent findings with an emphasis on the budding yeast model.
L’endobrachyœsophage : une pathologie fonctionnelle du tractus digestif supérieur

La presence d’un endobrachyœsophage et de ses complications chez un patient souffrant de reflux gastro-œsophagien resulte d’une association de troubles fonctionnels du tractus digestif superieur. Malgre une moindre frequence du pyrosis et des regurgitations acides, les patients porteurs d’un endobrachyœsophage, presentent un temps d’exposition superieur a un pH inferieur a 2, pH inferieur a 3 et pH inferieur a 4, lors des enregistrements par pHmetrie ambulatoire de 24 heures, lorsqu’on les compare a des patients souffrant d’œsophagite. Ceci resulte d’une frequence accrue et d’une duree prolongee des episodes de reflux secondaires a une moindre efficacite du sphincter œsophagien inferieur, une deficience de la clairance œsophagienne et un accroissement de la secretion acide basale et apres stimulation. L’accentuation d’un reflux duodeno-gastrique chez un patient presentant une deficience du sphincter œsophagien inferieur est responsable des episodes de reflux alcalin observes chez certains patients porteurs d’un endobrachyœsophage. En cas d’endobrachyœsophage, le reflux alcalin semble predisposer aux complications, stenoses et ulcerations, et parait avoir un role promoteur de la dysplasie et de l’adenocarcinome. Ces observations expliquent la frequence des echecs du traitement medical chez les patients porteurs d’un endobrachyœsophage et sont en faveur de la correction chirurgicale de l’insuffisance fonctionnelle du sphincter œsophagien inferieur.
Acute and Longer-Term Outcomes Using Ketamine as a Clinical Treatment at the Yale Psychiatric Hospital.

Objective Ketamine has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant, though controversy remains whether sufficient data exist to justify its use outside of research protocols. In October 2014, the authors' institution began providing ketamine as an off-label therapy on a case-by-case basis for patients unable to participate in research protocols. Here, the participant experience during 29 months of providing ketamine as a clinical treatment for severe and treatment-resistant mood disorders through February 2017 is described. Methods Patients were initially treated with a single- or double-infusion protocol (0.5 mg/kg for 40 minutes intravenously) and were later transitioned to a 4-infusion protocol over 2 weeks. Results Fifty-four patients received ketamine, with 518 total infusions performed. A subset of 44 patients with mood disorders initiated the 4-infusion protocol, of whom 45.5% responded and 27.3% remitted by the fourth infusion. A subsample (n = 14) received ketamine on a long-term basis, ranging from 12 to 45 total treatments, over a course of 14 to 126 weeks. No evidence was found of cognitive decline, increased proclivity to delusions, or emergence of symptoms consistent with cystitis in this subsample. Conclusions In general, ketamine infusions were tolerated well. The response and remission rates in this clinical sample were lower than those observed in some research protocols. The small number of patients who were treated on a maintenance schedule limits the conclusions that can be drawn regarding the long-term safety of ketamine; however, no long-term adverse effects were observed in this sample.
Cyclin C directly stimulates Drp1 GTP affinity to mediate stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfission.

Oxidative stress induces cyclin C translocation from the nucleus to the mitochondria. This report demonstrates that cyclin C promotes mitochondrial fission by directly stimulating the GTPase activi...
The effects of Bacillus subtilis on Caenorhabditis elegans fitness after heat stress.

Microbes can provide their hosts with protection from biotic and abiotic factors. While many studies have examined how certain bacteria can increase host lifespan, fewer studies have examined how host reproduction can be altered. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans has been a particularly useful model system to examine how bacteria affect the fitness of their hosts under different contexts. Here, we examine how the bacterium Bacillus subtilis, compared to the standard C. elegans lab diet, Escherichia coli, affects C. elegans survival and reproduction after experiencing a period of intense heat stress. We find that under standard conditions, nematodes reared on B. subtilis produce fewer offspring than when reared on E. coli.However, despite greater mortality rates on B. subtilis after heat shock, young adult nematodes produced more offspring after heat shock when fed B. subtilis compared to E. coli. Because offspring production is necessary for host population growth and evolution, the reproductive advantage conferred by B. subtilis supersedes the survival advantage of E. coli. Furthermore, we found that nematodes must be reared on B. subtilis (particularly at the early stages of development) and not merely be exposed to the bacterium during heat shock, to obtain the reproductive benefits provided by B. subtilis. Taken together, our findings lend insight into the importance of environmental context and interaction timing in shaping the protective benefits conferred by a microbe toward its host.
Temporal Focusing with Remote Axial Scanning via Dispersion with an Electrically Tunable Lens

We implement high-speed axial scanning in a two-photon temporal focusing microscope by dispersion tuning with an electrically tunable lens. We remotely shift the temporal focus 100 μm axially at 100 Hz.
Improving the voir dire process: A prospective juror's perspective

Abstract While the U.S. legal system takes pains to treat jury trial defendants fairly, it tends to treat prospective jurors unfairly, as if their time had little value. Citizens might view performing this important civic duty more favorably if the court made better use of their time. This article studies the voir dire phase of jury selection in California courts and investigates how it can be made more pleasant and productive from a prospective juror's perspective. A discrete-event computer simulation model of the process was built to test an alternative approach to handling jurors during voir dire, in which some are permitted to leave the courtroom and use their out-of-courtroom time as they wish, e.g., working or reading. Jurors can be recalled to the courtroom as needed via text messaging or paging, so the approach should be relatively easy to implement. Experiments performed with the model found that, depending on trial characteristics, jurors allowed to leave the courtroom would likely would recoup an average of one to 4 h, collectively recover dozens to hundreds of hours, comprising 15–30% of the total time spent by all jurors at the courthouse for voir dire, and potentially save several thousand dollars in lost income.
Contrasting Hurricane Ike washover sedimentation and Hurricane Harvey flood sedimentation in a Southeastern Texas coastal marsh

Abstract Category 4 Hurricane Harvey was an extraordinary rain-event. After landfall on the mid-Texas coast, the storm moved slowly to the east, dropping historic amounts of rainfall of more than 1.5 m over Southeastern Texas. A massive pulse of floodwater flowed down local canals and rivers, inundating coastal marshes on the McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge. The floodwaters left a muddy flood deposit over much of the marsh, averaging 2.8 cm in thickness along a north-south transect across the refuge. Hurricane Ike (2008) also left a sediment layer in marshes on the refuge, allowing a direct comparison of magnitude, pathways, distribution and character of the washover and flood deposits. Results suggest that Hurricane Harvey's flood sedimentation was the equivalent of seven years of “normal” sedimentation in the marsh. This is a significant contribution to marsh accretion, which counters elevation loss due to rising sea level. The pattern of flood sedimentation was weakly controlled by elevation, whereby lower elevations received more sediment, and more strongly controlled by proximity to flood sediment pathways, which included overbank flows from the Gulf Intracoastal Water Way and the delivery of sediment into the marsh via flows through interconnected lakes and ponds. In contrast, the magnitude of Hurricane Ike's washover sedimentation was controlled primarily by proximity to the Gulf shoreline. The study provides valuable new information on controls on the magnitude and distribution of flood sedimentation in coastal marshes and the role of terrestrial and marine sediment sources – a crucial and timely area of inquiry given the threat of submergence posed to coastal marshes by rising sea-levels.
Emerging interface materials for electronics thermal management: experiments, modeling, and new opportunities

Thermal management is becoming a critical technology challenge for modern electronics with decreasing device size and increasing power density. One key materials innovation is the development of advanced thermal interfaces in electronic packaging to enable efficient heat dissipation and improve device performance, which has attracted intensive research efforts from both academia and industry over the past several decades. Here we review the recent progress in both theory and experiment for developing high-performance thermal interface materials. First, the basic theories and computational frameworks for interface energy transport are discussed, ranging from atomistic interface scattering to multiscale disorders that contributed to thermal boundary resistance. Second, state-of-the-art experimental techniques including steady-state and transient thermal measurements are discussed and compared. Moreover, the important structure design, requirements, and property factors for thermal interface materials depending on different applications are summarized and exemplified with the recent literature. Finally, emerging new semiconductors and polymers with high thermal conductivity are briefly reviewed and opportunities for future research are discussed.
The Political Reality of Diversity Jurisdiction

Diversity of citizenship jurisdiction has been a staple of federal civil dockets since 1789. In the mid- to late-twentieth century, academics and some high-profile federal judges led a significant effort to abolish diversity jurisdiction. They were confident that diversity had outlived its purpose, which, they said, was to provide a federal court for out-of-state litigants who feared bias in the local state courts. But diversity survived. Today, it represents a burgeoning percentage of the federal civil docket and is supported by an efficiency rationale that did not exist at the founding. Academics and judges seem relatively ambivalent toward, and even accepting of, this form of federal jurisdiction. We are in the midst of a resurgence of academic interest in diversity – not to abolish it, but to rationalize the various threads of its doctrine. These efforts should be informed by the lessons that should have been learned by those who sought to abolish diversity jurisdiction. First, diversity is not a free-standing phenomenon. It is part of a carefully constructed constitutional plan intended to promote the free flow of commerce and a national identity. Second, what is usually presented as the traditional justification for diversity is sclerotic and understates the value of diversity jurisdiction. Third, as a matter of political power, the bar embraces diversity jurisdiction and will fight to keep it. At one level, we retain diversity for raw political reason. But the bar’s embrace is important for another reason: it likely manifests rational choices made in the interests of litigation clients. At least, the embrace should spur meaningful study of the interests served by diversity jurisdiction (study that remains to be done). And that study must appreciate that, over two centuries, an elaborate legal culture has emerged concerning the relations of state and federal courts.
Professional Nursing Practice in the Orthopedic Care Setting

The Magnet Model for Nursing Excellence® provides a conceptual framework to guide orthopedic nursing practice. Patient assessment is the cornerstone of patient care delivery and nursing practice communication is a key factor for effective care coordination. Nurses coach and support patients and families through multiple care transitions. Knowledge and self-care competency is achieved through patient and family education.
Which genetic variants in DNase I sensitive regions are functional

Ongoing large experimental characterization is crucial to determine all regulatory sequences, yet we do not know which genetic variants in those regions are non-silent. Here, we present a novel analysis integrating sequence and DNase I footprinting data for 653 samples to predict the impact of a sequence change on transcription factor binding for a panel of 1,372 motifs. Most genetic variants in footprints (5,810,227) do not show evidence of allele-specific binding (ASB). In contrast, functional genetic variants predicted by our computational models are highly enriched for ASB (3,217 SNPs at 20% FDR). Comparing silent to functional non-coding genetic variants, the latter are 1.22-fold enriched for GWAS traits, have lower allele frequencies, and affect footprints more distal to promoters or active in fewer tissues. Finally, integration of the annotations into 18 GWAS meta-studies improves identification of likely causal SNPs and transcription factors relevant for complex traits.