cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of broadband spectral transmission characteristics of fresh and gamma-irradiated corneal tissues.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clarity of gamma-irradiated sterile corneal donor lenticules. METHODS Broadband UV, visible, and near-infrared (200-850 nm) light transmission was measured through gamma-irradiated, sterile partial-thickness, and full-thickness donor lenticules and fresh corneal tissues and compared with standard acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) implants using a conventional spectrophotometer technique. RESULTS All tissues had high light transmission (≥ 90%) in the visible and near-infrared regions and very low (<2%) transmission below 290 nm. Differences in light transmission between irradiated and fresh cornea types were observed between 300 and 450 nm, which mirrored differences in light transmission through their respective storage solutions. Light transmission through partial-thickness irradiated donor lenticules was greatest across all wavelengths. All corneal tissues exhibited higher transmission than acrylic IOL implant across all wavelengths. CONCLUSIONS Gamma-irradiated donor lenticules are comparable with fresh corneas regarding light transmission, with both partial-thickness and full-thickness lenticules having greater transmission than standard IOL. We would expect the optical performance of gamma-irradiated donor lenticules to be comparable to fresh cornea if used for lamellar corneal procedures that do not require a viable endothelium.
Silent Corticotroph (ACTH) Adenomas

Silent ACTH tumors are a unique subgroup of nonfunctioning tumors that demonstrate strong immunoreactivity for ACTH, yet rarely cause hormonal excess of cortisol (Cushing’s disease).
Olfactory Testing: Rules for Odor Identification

Neurology manuals generally recommend odor identification for simple assessment of olfaction. Nevertheless, even patients with normal olfaction (normosmics) often perform only poorly. Three experiments demonstrate that such an ambiguous outcome will disappear if the test incorporates highly familiar substances and, more important, a procedure to circumvent the olfactory-verbal gap that frequently separates an odor from its name. One multiple-choice procedure, for instance, led to 100% accuracy among normosmics. Another led to 99% accuracy among normosmics and 0% accuracy among anosmics. The investigation also reveals that scratch-and-sniff labels could possibly replace customary odorants in the clinical test.
Epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreaks in Tongzhou district,Beijing during 2005～2010

Objective To analyze epidemiologic characteristics and causes of measles outbreaks in Tongzhou district,Beijing during 2005 to 2010 to prevent its further outbreaks and keep its incidence at a lower level.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used in data analysis.Results Eleven outbreaks of measles occurred in Tongzhou,Beijing during 2005~2010 with 45 cases cumulatively,including 44 cases from migrants and one case of native resident.And,8.89 percent of the measles cases in outbreaks were vaccinated,whereas 91.11 percent of them unvaccinated or uncertain in vaccination history.Conclusions Comprehensive management of migrant population is key to measles control in Tongzhou.Routine and high-quality measles vaccination is the most effective measure to reduce measles incidence and outbreak and control it.
Using Theory and Simulations To Calculate Effective Interactions in Polymer Nanocomposites with Polymer-Grafted Nanoparticles

Using theory and large-scale simulations, we demonstrate how one can program structure and thermodynamics into polymer-grafted particles filled polymer nanocomposites (PNCs). We simulate varying graft (G) and matrix (M) polymer compositions for varying model graft–matrix bead pairwise interactions, χGM, and calculate structural features and the effective graft–matrix interaction parameter, χGMeff, in the PNC. Varying the graft (G) and matrix (M) polymer compositions provides tunability of morphology (particle dispersion/aggregation) and graft–matrix interpenetration at each χGM. Thermodynamically, for all composites the χGMeff exhibits negative values (effective attraction) at low values of χGM, with a sharp transition to positive values (effective repulsion) at large values of χGM. The sharp transition in χGMeff coincides with the structurally characterized particle dispersion–aggregation transition marked by the onset of upturn in the matrix–matrix structure factor at zero wavenumber. Strikingly, regard...
A study of vehicle detector generalization on U.S. highway

Vehicle detection is an essential task in an intelligent vehicle. Despite being a well-studied vision problem, it is unclear how well vehicle detectors generalize to new settings. Specifically, this paper studies the generalization capability of vehicle detectors on a U.S. highway dataset. Two types of models are employed in the experimental analysis, a subcategory aggregate channel features model and a region-based convolutional neural network model. The experiments demonstrate limited generalization capability of pre-trained models when evaluated on a dataset captured in new settings. This observation motivates technical modifications in order to improve generalization to the new dataset. By exploring novel training techniques, we significantly improve detection performance by up to 10%, demonstrating the importance of studying cross-dataset generalization.
Democracy Is a Blessing: Phatic Ritual and the Public Sphere in Northeast Brazil

This paper analyzes the political importance of a rural Brazilian blessing ritual performed by transgenerational kin in order to question the assumption that a democratic public sphere presupposes the exclusion of familial obligations from civil talk and impartial governance. By analyzing several folk models of blessing behavior that inhabitants of the rural northeastern backlands (sertao) use to interpret blessings, I argue that hierarchical genres of family communication can serve as models for civility and impartiality among non-kin. This analysis illuminates the discursive processes by which sertanejos dismantle illiberal features of their political culture, including clientelist forms of resource distribution.
A 19–34 GHz SiGe HBT square-law detector with ultra-low 1/f noise for atmospheric radiometers

This paper presents the design, optimization, and characterization of a square-law power detector for heterodyne millimeter-wave radiometers implemented using 0.13 μm SiGe HBTs. A 3-dB bandwidth of 19–34 GHz (56% fractional bandwidth) is obtained through the use of inductively degenerated SiGe HBTs with large emitter lengths. The detector achieves a minimum noise-equivalent power (NEP) of 0.49 pW/VHz at 24 GHz with a peak responsivity of 17.1 kV/W. Through careful transistor biasing and judicious use of resistors, the detector achieves a measured 1/f noise corner frequency of 24 Hz when biased for optimal NEP. To the best of our knowledge, this detector achieves the widest fractional bandwidth and best 1/f noise performance of all tuned transistor-based square-law detectors for high-frequency radiometers to date.
Connected realizations of joint-degree matrices

We study a restriction of the classic degree sequence graphic realization problem studied by Erdős, Gallai, Havel, and Hakimi, namely the joint-degree matrix graphic realization problem. Here, in addition to the degree sequence, a joint degree matrix is given, the (i,j)th element of which specifies the exact number of edges between vertices of degree di and vertices of degree dj. The decision and construction versions of the problem have a relatively straightforward solution. In this work, however, we focus on the corresponding connected graphic realization version of the problem. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a connected graphic realization to exist, as well as a polynomial time construction algorithm that involves a novel recursive search of suitable local graph modifications. As a byproduct, we also suggest an alternative polynomial time algorithm for the joint-degree matrix graphic realization problem that never increases the number of connected components of the graph constructed.
Absorption-enhanced Imaging through Scattering Medium

We study absorption-induced image resolution enhancement through scattering medium by varying the scattering coefficient and the anisotropic factor of the medium while adding carbon black absorber nanoparticles. Resolution-enhancement is 80% for media consisting of isotropic scatterers (e.g., dielectric nanoparticles) compared to 8% for strongly forward-scattering media (e.g. biological tissue). Subsequently, by increasing imaging wavelength from visible to near-infrared, resolution-enhancement for forward-scattering medium is increased (4×).
Unifying measurement of Pu239(n,γ) in the keV to MeV energy regime

A single, unifying measurement of the $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$ capture cross section from 1 keV to 1.3 MeV has been performed for the first time using the Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments (DANCE) at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The experimental method combines a prior experiment's characterization of prompt fission $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays in conjunction with a fission tagging detector with a separate experiment using a thick $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}$ sample to extract the neutron capture cross section in ratio to $^{239}\mathrm{Pu}(n,f)$. We have made new predictions of the capture cross section taking into account recent results for the $M1$ scissors mode present in other actinides. The results show deviations from current evaluations which are 30% higher at the highest energies, and will be used to improve calculations relevant for several applications.
Redistribution of Mature Smooth Muscle Markers in Brain Arteries in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) undergo a series of dramatic changes in CADASIL, the most common inherited cause of vascular dementia and stroke. NOTCH3 protein accumulates and aggregates early in CADASIL, followed by loss of mature SMCs from the media of brain arteries and marked intimal proliferation. Similar intimal thickening is seen in peripheral arterial disease, which features pathological intimal cells including proliferative, dedifferentiated, smooth muscle-like cells deficient in SMC markers. Limited studies have been performed to investigate the differentiation state and location of SMCs in brain vascular disorders. Thus, we investigated the distribution of cells expressing SMC markers in a group of genetically characterized, North American CADASIL brains. We quantified brain RNA abundance of these markers in nine genetically verified cases of CADASIL and found that mRNA expression for several mature SMC markers was increased in CADASIL brain compared to age-matched control. Immunohistochemical studies and in situ hybridization localization of mRNA demonstrated loss of SMCs from the arterial media, and SMC marker-expressing cells were instead redistributed into the intima of diseased arteries and around balloon cells of the degenerating media. We conclude that, despite loss of medial smooth muscle cells in diseased arteries, smooth muscle markers are not lost from CADASIL brain, but rather, the localization of cells expressing mature SMC markers changes dramatically.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used by a significant proportion of people in the United States. Many CAM practices are being integrated into conventional care. There are increasing number of opportunities for medical trainees and practicing physicians to pursue clinical and research training in CAM.
What Characterizes Postformal Thought

This chapter describes a model of adult postformal cognitive operations that extends the thinking of Piaget to describe some intellectual developments that may be unique to mature adults. Postformal operations as described here permit the adult thinker who continues his or her logical development to operate adaptively in a world of relative choices. They also permit the thinker to overcome the fragmentation and isolation inherent in trying to know the emotional, interpersonal, and spiritual aspects of the world through abstract, formal logic alone.
APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS FOR REAL-TIME CALCULATIONS OF PLASMA EQUILIBRIUM PARAMETERS FOR PBX-M

This paper describes a study to assess the feasability of applying neural networks for real-time calculations of plasma equilibrium parameters for the PBX-M tokamak at Princeton. The networks were trained using a fast, back-error propagation learning algorithm, in which the learning rate was optimized over time, thus speeding up convergence. Plasma current, magnetic flux, coil current and diamagnetic loop measurements from real and simulated PBX-M shots were used to derive a large set of plasma equilibria. These equilibria spanned a representative range of plasma shapes and PBX-M operational parameters for elliptical and double-null plasmas. The networks were tested for speed and accuracy, and their ability to provide real-time calculations (< 100 μsec) of plasma equilibrium parameters.
Protection of Mauna Kea and Haleakala Observatories from Light Pollution

The observatories atop Mauna Kea are protected from light pollution by a lighting ordinance that covers the entire island of Hawaii. This has enabled Mauna Kea to be preserved as a very dark site for astronomy. However, some weaknesses in the ordinance have become evident, and these are discussed. Mercury lines have been detected in very deep spectra from the Keck telescopes; enforcement of the lighting ordinance has been lax, and observatory staff has been forced to start investigating non-compliant light sources. A new lighting ordinance is being considered for the island of Hawaii; a lighting ordinance to protect Haleakala Observatory is presently being discussed by the Maui County Council. More distant Oahu, where Honolulu and the bulk of the population of the state of Hawaii is located, has poorly shielded lighting. Efforts are underway to organize a Hawaii chapter of the International Dark-Sky Association to provide broad-based support for the protection of the skies above Mauna Kea and Haleakala Observatories, and to improve the sky above Honolulu.
Town Hall on Patient-Centered Human Factors and Ergonomics:

A central paradigm in the current era of health and healthcare is the centrality of patients, families, and community members in their own health. Patients and other nonprofessionals are increasing...
Thermodynamic Properties of the Electron

While the business of this institute is to study the dynamical properties of the electron, a fundamental constraint is imposed on these dynamical properties by the thermodynamic properties of the electron. It may be surprising to learn that in 1993 the thermodynamic properties of the electron are not well established and remain a matter of some controversy.
The Treatment of Posterior Tibial Tendon Insufficiency Using the Double Heel Osteotomy and Soft Tissue Reconstruction: The “All-American Procedure”

Abstract Background Multiple treatment options have been proposed for the treatment of flexible (stage II) flatfoot with posterior tibial tendon insufficiency (PTTI). This article describes the rationale and technique of our joint-sparing approach to this problem with a combination of osteotomies and soft tissue reconstruction. Methods Lengthening of the lateral column (LCL) through the anterior calcaneal process diminishes the abduction of the forefoot related to the hindfoot, plantarflexes the first ray by tightening the peroneus longus tendon, and causes the arch to rise. Hindfoot valgus is addressed with a medializing calcaneal osteotomy (MCO). Additional soft tissue procedures include transfer of the flexor digitorum longus tendon (FDL), substituting for the diseased posterior tibial tendon and a percutaneous heel cord lengthening (HCL). Results and Conclusions The combination of a double heel osteotomy (LCL and MCO) and a soft tissue reconstruction (FDL transfer and HCL) has proven to be an excellent operation for supple PTTI in our practice for 25 years in approximately 1000 patients. Paying careful attention to the described details of the LCL portion of the procedure improves the results of the reconstruction. Removal of the LCL screw and any remaining osteophytes at the calcaneocuboid joint seems to solve the problem of lateral column pain and some overcorrection after the initial procedure.
Spontaneous Left Atrial Thrombus Formation on the Catheter Delivery System During WATCHMAN Implantation.

Abstract We present a rare complication of spontaneous thrombus formation on the WATCHMAN delivery system, on both the right- and left-sided systemic circulation. We also describe the multidiscipli...
Cultural Awareness of Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: A Mixed-Methods Study

Purpose This study used a mixed-methods design to assess changes in students' cultural awareness during and following a short-term study abroad. Method Thirty-six undergraduate and graduate student...
Exploratory Evaluation of a Concept Combining Incentivized On-Demand Ridesharing with Congestion Pricing:

This paper presents an innovative transportation demand management concept involving congestion pricing synergistically combined with incentivized on-demand ridesharing. An exploratory evaluation o...
Lung injury induces alveolar type 2 cell hypertrophy and polyploidy with implications for repair and regeneration

Epithelial polyploidization post-injury is a conserved phenomenon, recently shown to improve barrier restoration during wound healing. Whether lung injury can induce alveolar epithelial polyploidy is not known. We show that bleomycin injury induces AT2 cell hypertrophy and polyploidy. AT2 polyploidization is also seen in short term ex vivo cultures, where AT2-to-AT1 trans-differentiation is associated with substantial binucleation due to failed cytokinesis. Both hypertrophic and polyploid features of AT2 cells can be attenuated by inhibiting the integrated stress response (ISR) using the small molecule ISRIB. These data suggest that AT2 polyploidization may be a feature of alveolar epithelial injury. As AT2 cells serve as facultative progenitors for the distal lung epithelium, a propensity for injury-induced binucleation has implications for AT2 self-renewal and regenerative potential upon re-injury, which may benefit from targeting the ISR.
Populism as a layered system: ideological, social identity, and psychodynamic perspectives

This paper analyses populism as a layered system with three levels: the political/institutional, the social/interactional, and the psychological/intrapsychic. Each level is theorized using a specif...
An Optoelectronics-Based Sensor for Measuring Multi-Axial Shear Stresses

There is an increasing need for tactile shear sensors, particularly for medical applications such as orthopedic rehabilitation. Examples include measuring interfacial shear stresses between a residual limb and prosthesis to monitor socket fit and improve residual limb tissue health, and tracking shearing between a foot and shoe for assessing performance in athletes. However, there are considerable challenges in implementing shear force sensors for orthopedic applications due to the requirements for noninvasiveness, low mass, low power, and robustness against motion artifacts, normal force, and/or electromagnetic fields. To address these challenges, we designed, fabricated, and characterized a simple, low-cost, optoelectronic sensor that can measure multi-axial shear stresses. This novel sensor is based on a red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diode (LED) projecting a cyclic illumination of RGB light onto a color pattern surface. As shear strain causes a displacement between the LED and the color pattern, the intensities of the reflected lights change due to the shift of the color pattern position. A photodiode captures the reflected light intensity at each color illumination, allowing the determination of the color pattern surface displacement and the shear along two axes. In this paper, we also report the efficacy of the sensor under benchtop testing conditions, confirming the potential of this technology for shear monitoring in orthopedic devices such as protheses or shoes. Future efforts will focus on miniaturization and packaging of the sensors, and characterizing their performance for the aforementioned medical applications.
Yariable-inverter-rectifier-transformer: A hybric electronic and magnetic structure enabling adjustable high step-down conversion ratios

This paper proposes a hybrid electronic and magnetic structure that enables transformers with “fractional” and reconfigurable turns ratios (e.g. 12:0.5, 12:1, 12:2). This functionality is valuable in converters with wide operating voltage ranges and high step-up/down, as it offers a means to reduce copper loss within the transformer while also facilitating voltage doubling and quadrupling. We introduce the principle of operation of the structure and present models for its magnetic and electrical behaviour. An experimental prototype capable of accommodating a widely varying input (120–380 Vdc) and output (5, 9, 12V) validates the operating principle and modelling of the proposed structure and achieves conversion efficiencies between 93.4% and 95.7% at 25–36 W.
Cultural Coding Systems

In the early phases of our evolution, it is probable that we associated with other humans in a manner resembling a wolf pack or a troop of chimpanzees. In this type of social structure communication among individuals in the group is largely analogic in nature, consisting mostly of nonverbal signals and vocal expressions of emotion that contain little in the way of abstraction.
OP63 – 2453: Post-anoxic reticular reflex myoclonus in a child

Objective Post-hypoxic myoclonus can be classified in various ways, including acute and chronic (Lance-Adams) forms. We present the first childhood case of post-anoxic reticular reflex myoclonus and discuss the classification. Case A previously healthy 9 year old boy developed severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy and transient multi-organ injury following 10 minutes of cold water immersion and subsequent resuscitation. Initial GCS was 3. On day 3 he developed spasms and was treated with Phenytoin and Midazolam infusion. His EEG showed burst of spikes/polyspikes and sharp waves interspersed with relative suppression. MRI demonstrated focal signal change involving caudate nuclei and parafalcine parietal lobes bilaterally. This later evolved to volume loss with gliosis. He had multifocal and generalised myoclonus, present from day 7, which was stimulus sensitive. On day 17 he developed dystonic spasms, evolving into status dystonicus which was treated with several medications including Clonazepam. Myoclonus stopped by day 29, 6 days following introduction of Clonazepam. By day 90 spasms resolved and Clanazepam withdrawn. Myoclonus re-emerged at 5 months. He was minimally conscious on weeks 3 and 7 but subsequent coma recovery scores were compatible with a persistent vegetative state. Results Video EMG polygraphy performed (day 22) showed the discharges associated with the myoclonus were very short, below 50 ms. The possibility of cortical myoclonus, assessed by jerk-locked back averaging using arm muscles, showed no cortical correlates. The recruitment order on EMG polygraphy was consistent with a brainstem generator for the myoclonus (rostral and caudal spread from a lower brain stem lead) which is characteristic of reticular reflex myoclonus (Hallet, 2000). Conclusion Post-anoxic myoclonus should not be considered synonymous with Lance-Adams myoclonus. The terms early or late are poorly defined. It is clinically more useful to classify post-anoxic myoclonus into cortical and subcortical, and to subdivide the cortical form into acute and chronic (Lance-Adams) forms.
Boat-generated waves in lakes

Waves produced by pleasure crafts in any restricted or unrestricted waterway can be termed ..boat-generated waves... With the ever increasing demand and utilization of surface waters for recreational use, the waves generated by pleasure crafts can cause significant erosion damage to the banks if the waterway shoe lacks natural or artificial protection.
Job and Tool Scheduling for Flexible Machining Cells

A flexible machining cell (FMC) consists of several highly versatile numerically controlled machines. FMCs typically machine a wide variety of parts and require a corresponding wide variety of cutting tools. Systems comprised of one or more FMCs are the fastest growing class of flexible manufacturing systems. This paper addresses the problem of generating a job and tool schedule for an FMC with identical machines. Schedule quality is a function of job completion times (as measured according to the weighted flow time criterion) and tool movement where the relative importance between these two potentially conflicting performance measures can vary from problem to problem. A heuristic procedure is proposed and evaluated in a experiment that draws on data from industry.
Evolution of MAT in the Candida Species Complex: Sex, Ploidy, and Complete Sexual Cycles in C. lusitaniae, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei

The best-studied species to date are the human pathogens Candida albicans and C. glabrata. However, neither of these species is as yet known to possess a complete meiotic sexual cycle. C. lusitaniae, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei are three members of this genus that are exciting prospects for further study. Of the three species discussed in this chapter, the sexual life cycle has been the best studied for this species. Multiple types of media are capable of inducing mating including dilute potato dextrose agar, 1% malt extract media, sodium acetate, yeast carbon base, V8, and SLAD. The anamorph has been cultured from a variety of ecological niches, including human clinical specimens, insects, fruit, and decaying matter. The sexual cycle of C. guilliermondii was first identified in 1952 by Wickerham and Burton, after recognizing that some yeasts previously classified to non-ascosporeforming genera actually represented the anamorphic form of a sexual species. That sexual Candida species exist forms the basis of the argument that loss or restriction of sexual reproduction is the evolved state, possibly due to the energy expenditure required to undergo meiosis or to limit genetic exchange in a pathogen highly evolved to its host niche. Thus, continued study of the Candida species complex will provide insight on interesting evolutionary questions regarding the evolution of signal transduction pathways, sexual reproduction, commensalism, and pathogenesis.
Improved Scaling Simulation of the General Reconfigurable Mesh

The reconfigurable mesh (R-Mesh) has drawn much interest in recent years, due in part to its ability to admit extremely fast algorithms for a large number of problems. For these algorithms to be useful in practice, the R-Mesh must be scalable; that is, any algorithm designed for a large R-Mesh should be able to run on a smaller R-Mesh without significant loss of efficiency. This amounts to designing a ‘scaling simulation” that simulates an arbitrary step of an N×N R-Mesh on a smaller P×P R-Mesh in O(N 2/P 2 f(N, P)) steps; f(N,P) is a nondecreasing function representing the simulation overhead. The aim is to minimize this overhead, ideally to a constant.
Impact of Cooling Water Composition on Heat Transfer in Ingot Casting

It has long been known that variation in the composition of ingot cooling water can have an effect on the casting process. These effects can include discoloration, cracking, excessive curl and bleedouts. While several studies have been conducted to understand heat flux in ingot casting, there information in the literature is limited relating specific chemical species or interactions to heat transfer or relating specific solution properties to boiling heat transfer. In an effort to gain insight into the relationships between water chemistry and heat transfer, a broad literature review was conducted. Upon examining the literature beyond aluminum ingot casting, many examples were found in which components of cooling water had very different effects dependent on the heat transfer regime. This paper serves to summarize many of the findings in the literature and to propose mechanisms for the effects of cooling water composition seen in aluminum DC casting. A good deal of information was discovered in reviewing literature published related to the powergeneration industry.
Aminoacyl tRNAmet transformylase II. Evidence for an enzyme:tRNA complex.

Abstract A study was undertaken of the interaction of purified Escherichia coli B N10-formyl-H4-folate:aminoacyl tRNAmet transformylase with stoichiometric concentrations of its substrates. N10-Formyl-H4-folate did not protect the enzyme against heat or trypsin inactivation. However, aminoacylated tRNAmet did protect the enzyme against both types of inactivation. The specificity of this protection suggested that an intact aminoacyl bond was a requirement for substrate binding as well as the specific nucleotide sequence of the tRNA.
Validity of the Disguised Structured Instrument for the Assessment of Attitudes Toward the Poor

The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Disguised Structured Instrument for the Assessment of Attitudes Toward the Poor (AATP) developed by J. A. Peterson. The study investigated the relationships between selected personal or demographic variables (sex, age, father's socioeconomic status, marital status, choice of major field, and prior work experience) and attitudes toward the poor. AATP scores of a sample of 116 summer session college students were correlated with the selected variables. Data were analyzed by a series of correlations, a linear multiple regression, and a discriminant analysis. No statistically significant relationships were found between scores on the AATP and the designated variables. It was concluded that the validity of the AATP has yet to be established. Thus, the AATP should not be considered a validated research instrument.
Attribute Grammar Inversion and Source-To-Source Translation

Grammar based translation methodologies and RIFs.- The inversion of RIF grammars.- Generalizing RIFs.- The INVERT system.- Translating between programming languages.- Conclusions and future directions.
Wiggins, Jerry S. (1931–2006)

This entry describes the life and major contributions of the American personality psychologist Jerry S. Wiggins (1931–2006). The development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory content scales, the seminal text Personality and Prediction: Principles of Personality Assessment, contributions to interpersonal theory and measurement, and his final integrative book on the paradigms of personality assessment are highlighted. Keywords: personality; psychometric testing; assessment
New Model for Examining the Energy Metabolism of Laying Hens

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the energy utilization of laying hens fed diets containing two energy concentrations, using a holistic approach includingmeasurement of productive, maintenance and storage energy. The experiment was a 2 x 2 factorial arrangementwith two feeding levels (ad libitum and restricted feeding of 90 g feed/hen-d), and two dietary energy levels (HE-high metabolizable energy or ME content of 2,880 kcal/kg; and LE-low ME content of 2,790 kcal/kg). A total of 60 HyLine W36 first-cycle laying hens were fed treatment dietsfor 12 wk from hen age 27 to 39 wk, with 15 individually housed hens for each of the four treatments. There were no interactions between feeding levels and dietary energy levels throughout the experiment. Feed restriction resulted in significant reductions (P ≤ 0.01) in egg production, body weight, and abdominal fat pad weight, indicating reduced nutrient availability to partition the energy towards production, maintenance, and storage functions, respectively. Reduced energy intake did not change the energy partitioned and utilized towards production (egg production) or maintenance (body weight), but significantly reduced (P = 0.03) the energy stored (reduced fat pad). These results suggest that energy utilization follows the pattern of production and maintenance before storage requirements in Hy-Line W36 laying hens.
Phase Transition in (2+1)d Quantum Gravity

(2+1) dimensional gravity is equivalent to an exactly soluble non-Abelian Chern-Simons gauge field theory (E Witten 1988). Regarding this as the topological phase of quantum gravity in (2+1)d, we suggest a topological symmetry breaking by introducing a mass term for the gauge fields, which carries a space-time metric and local dynamical degrees of freedom. We consider the finite temperature behavior of the symmetry broken phase, and claim a restoration of the topological invariance at some critical temperature. The phase transition is shown of the zeroth order.
Summary of the Workshop ``the QCD Phase Transitions'' Brookhaven National Laboratory, November 4-7 1998

This is the full text of the summary talk: copies of transparancies of all talks with Introduction and Summary would be mailed to participants from RIKEN/BNL center
Software engineering with Ada

From the Publisher: Grady Booch, a renowned authority in software development, and Doug Bryan combined their Ada programming and software engineering expertise for the new edition of this best-selling book. Their up-to-date introduction to Ada programming provides a foundation for using the language with software engineering and object-oriented design. Programmers will find Software Engineering with Ada, Third Edition to be a complete reference for creating large-scale Ada systems and understanding the software engineering aspects of these systems. Features of the third edition include techniques for combining object-oriented design principles and software engineering to maximize the potential of Ada; extensive examples of small-sized code that will benefit new Ada programmers; six chapters devoted to design; five new large-scale programming exercises that build upon the software engineering principles developed in the design chapters; design projects on topics such as environment monitoring, database systems, and generic tree packages; an introduction to up-to-date object-oriented design methodology; and a new appendix on the Ada 9X program.
Critical Medical Anthropology

Critical Medical Anthropology. Merrill Singer and Hans Baer. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company, 1995. + 406pp.
Power ground-reference plane decoupling analysis of design alternatives

The increase in processor and signal speeds has made the performance of various power and ground-reference plane decoupling strategies has been a major concern in the design of printed circuit boards (PCB). While there has been a number of articles written concerning analyzing the performance of power ground-reference planes, little experimental work with actual PCB has been reported, mostly due to the difficulty in making clearly defined measurements of the effect of decoupling capacitors. This work demonstrates the effect of decoupling capacitors on a typical Pentium processor PCB in both the time domain and the frequency domain. This analysis allows engineers to examine the decoupling performance for both functionality issues and EMC issues. Simulations using the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) technique are combined with careful measurements to show the effects of a variety of different decoupling alternatives.
Time for a Change in Blood Transfusion Practices in Neonates - A Safe Change for the Better... † 1395

Time for a Change in Blood Transfusion Practices in Neonates - A Safe Change for the Better... † 1395
Fine-needle aspiration findings of the liver in a case of Q fever.

This report describes the cytologic findings in Q fever involving the liver in a 59-yr-old man. The fine-needle aspiration findings are correlated with a surgical needle biopsy performed concurrently. Cytopathologists should include Q fever in their differential diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation. Ring granulomas, which can be seen in an aspiration biopsy, should suggest the diagnosis of Q fever. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Arabidopsis mutants reveal multiple roles for sterols in plant development.

The molecular genetic, and biochemical analysis of sterol-deficient mutants in Arabidopsis strongly suggests an essential role for sterols in regulating multiple events in plant development, independent of their conversion to brassinosteroids (BRs). Embryogenesis, cell elongation, vascular
Velocity field for Taylor–Couette flow with an axial flow

The flow in the gap between an inner rotating cylinder concentric with an outer stationary cylinder with an imposed pressure-driven axial flow was studied experimentally using particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a meridional plane of the annulus. The radius ratio was η=0.83 and the aspect ratio was Γ=47. Velocity vector fields for nonwavy toroidal and helical vortices show the axial flow winding around vortices. When the axially averaged axial velocity profile is removed from the velocity field in a meridional plane, the velocity field looks much like it would with no imposed axial flow except that the vortices translate axially and the distortion of the azimuthal velocity contours in meridional plane related to the vortices is shifted axially by the axial flow. The velocity vector fields for wavy vortices also show axial flow winding around the vortices. Again, removing the axial velocity profile results in a flow that appears similar to that with no axial flow. The path of the vortices is generally axial, but the vortices periodically move retrograde to the imposed axial flow due to the waviness of the vortices. The axial velocity of helical vortices, both nonwavy and wavy, is twice the rotational frequency of the inner cylinder indicating a coupling between the axial translation of the vortices and the cylinder rotation. Little fluid transport between vortices occurs for nonwavy vortices, but there is substantial transport between vortices for wavy vortex flow, much like supercritical cylindrical Couette flow with no axial flow.
Abstract 143: The role of microRNAs in mediating the oncogenic effect of Notch signaling in melanoma

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Purpose. Dysregulated Notch signaling has been connected with a variety of cancers, including melanoma. We previously demonstrated that aberrant Notch signaling is a crucial oncogenic promoter in driving melanoma development and progression. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the oncogenic effect of Notch signaling on melanoma progression remains largely unknown, and we hypothesized it might be mediated in part through regulating miRNAs. We sought to identify these Notch-regulated miRNAs. Methods. Notch-regulated specific miRNAs were identified by examining miRNA profiles in response to Notch activation and inhibition in melanoma cells using RT2-PCRArray. Enforced activation and suppression of the Notch pathway were achieved by transducing melanoma cells with viral vectors encoding activated Notch1 (NIC) and dominant-negative Mastermind-like 1 (DN-MAML1), respectively. The role of specific miRNAs in mediating the oncogenic effect of Notch was studied by testing whether alteration of miRNA expression could reverse the oncogenic effect of the Notch signaling on promoting melanoma cell growth, survival, and colony-formation in vitro. The potential targets of the Notch-regulated specific miRNAs were investigated by testing several known Notch targets, including MAPK, Akt, Mel-CAM, N-cadherin and β-catenin. Results. It was found that hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d miRNAs respond to Notch activation specifically in primary melanoma cells. Hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d were down-regulated 3.9-fold and 3.1-fold respectively when the Notch1 pathway was constitutively activated, whereas such down-regulation could be completely reversed when Notch activation was suppressed by DN-MAML1. Overexpression of hsa-let-7b or hsa-let-7d was able to antagonize the Notch activation-induced melanoma cell colony-formation on soft-agar, yet did not affect melanoma cell growth and survival in vitro. Both hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d appeared to specifically modulate the Notch-induced Akt activation in melanoma cells as phosphorylation of Akt was attenuated by overexpression of either hsa-let-7b or hsa-let-7d, while other known Notch targets were not affected. Conclusions. The hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d were identified as Notch-regulated specific miRNAs in primary melanoma cells. Both hsa-let-7b and hsa-let-7d are responsible for mediating, in part, the oncogenic effect of aberrant Notch signaling on promoting melanoma progression, presumably through modulating Akt activation. Our findings not only uncovered a novel mechanism underlying the oncogenic effect of the Notch signaling on promoting melanoma progression, but also provided potential novel targets for melanoma diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 143. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-143
The Clinical Recognition of “Silent” Mitral Stenosis

SUMMARY This communication deals with the occurrence of "silent" mitral stenosis in two patients. Their remarkable similarity suggests a unique syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration and relative intractability following the onset of symptoms, severe pulmonary hypertension, a heavily calcified and "tightly" stenotic mitral valve, and the absence of auscultatory evidence of mitral stenosis. On physical examination, they had the findings of pulmonary hypertension and consequent right ventricular hypertrophy, tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular failure. A diagnosis of mitral valve obstruction did not become apparent until a careful analysis of the electrocardiogram and the chest roentgenograms could be made. The detection of dense valvular calcification with the image intensifier and combined heart catheterization firmly established the diagnosis. Replacement of the mitral valve with a prosthetic valve offered the only possible solution in view of the extensive valvular damage and heavy calcification found at surgery. This report focuses attention on patients with unexplained pulmonary hypertension, and indicates the necessity of excluding "silent" mitral stenosis in such individuals.
Geometrically Approximated Rotatability Conditions for Spatial RSRC Mechanisms With Joint Angle Limitations

For closed-loop spatial RSRC mechanisms, input-output rotatability conditions, i.e., conditions for the existence of crank-rocker and drag-link types of mechanisms, are derived using geometrical approximation. The rotatability conditions are derived in the presence and absence of joint angle limitations. The mechanism has two branches. By including joint angle limitations, the rotatability conditions become different for each configuration of the mechanism. The rotatability conditions eliminate the possibility of changeover.
Immunoreactive trypsinogen levels in infants with cystic fibrosis complicated by meconium ileus

Abstract To examine abnormalities in immunoreactive trypsinogen (IRT) in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and meconium ileus (MI) and to evaluate the utility of IRT as a diagnostic aid in MI, we compared IRT in 19 infants with CF and MI to values in normal infants and in 91 infants with CF without MI. Infants with CF without MI were identified between 1982–1989 through a statewide screening program based on IRT measurements ( n =83) or through clinical presentation ( n = 8). Infants with MI were identified through clinical presentation during the same period. The IRT level of MI patients as a group (195±23 ng/ml) was greater than the cutoff value for IRT in normal infants (140 ng/ml, corresponding to the 99.7th percentile for infants less than 20 days of age; P P
Gas adsorption on quasicrystalline surfaces

The low-friction properties of quasicrystal surfaces suggest their use as coatings on moving machine parts, including those in internal combustion engines. In such applications, additional lubricants are typically used. Since the low-friction properties of quasicrystals are thought to depend on their aperiodic structures, the interactions of lubricants on quasicrystalline surfaces may have an impact on their frictional properties. In this paper, we address the fundamental issues that affect the growth and structural properties of gases on a quasicrystal surface. Studies of the adsorption and growth of rare gases on quasicrystal surfaces are reviewed, and new results are presented for the modeling and simulation of hydrocarbons on quasicrystal surfaces. The calculated interaction parameters are presented for methane adsorption on ten-fold Al–Ni–Co. Methane is found to form aperiodically ordered structures, consistent with the rules established earlier for rare gases on Al–Ni–Co.
Dependence on cation size of thermally induced capacitive effect of a nanoporous carbon

Nanoporous carbon based thermally chargeable supercapacitors (TCS) are characterized in a set of experiments for low-grade heat harvesting and storage. A TCS consists of two nanoporous electrodes immersed in an electrolyte solution. When the temperature of one of the electrodes rises, its electrode potential increases, and a significant amount of thermal energy is converted to electric energy. The temperature sensitivity of the electrode potential (|dV/dT|) is highly dependent on the cation size: with everything else being the same, as the cation diameter (d) decreases, |dV/dT| increases.
THE APPLICATION OF CLUSTER ANALYSIS IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: AN ANALYSIS AND CRITIQUE

Cluster analysis is a statistical technique that sorts observations into similar sets or groups. The use of cluster analysis presents a complex challenge because it requires several methodological choices that determine the quality of a cluster solution. This paper chronicles the application of cluster analysis in strategic management research, where the technique has been used since the late 1970s to investigate issues of central importance. Analysis of 45 published strategy studies reveals that the implementation of cluster analysis has been often less than ideal, perhaps detracting from the ability of studies to generate knowledge. Given these findings, suggestions are offered for improving the application of cluster analysis in future inquiry.
Modulation of protein kinase signaling cascades by palytoxin

Abstract Although known for its acutely toxic action, palytoxin has also been identified as a type of carcinogenic agent called a tumor promoter. In general tumor promoters do not damage DNA, but instead contribute to carcinogenesis by disrupting the regulation of cellular signaling. The identification of palytoxin as a tumor promoter, together with the recognition that the Na + , K + -ATPase is its receptor, led to research on how palytoxin triggers the modulation of signal transduction pathways. This review focuses on mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinases as mediators of palytoxin-stimulated signaling. MAP kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that relay a variety of signals to the cellular machinery that regulates cell fate and function. The studies discussed in this review investigated how palytoxin stimulates MAP kinase activity and, in turn, how MAP kinases mediate the response of cells to palytoxin.