cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Intrusion Theory of Privacy

This paper offers a general theory of privacy, a theory that takes privacy to consist in being free from certain kinds of intrusions. On this understanding, privacy interests are distinct and distinguishable from those in solitude, anonymity, and property, for example, or from the fact that others possess, with neither consent nor permission, personal information about oneself. Privacy intrusions have both epistemic and psychological components, and can range in value from relatively trivial considerations to those of profound consequence for an individual’s dignity, integrity, and autonomy. Thus while the focus of this theory is privacy per se—privacy as being free from certain kinds of intrusions—it has significant implications, discussed briefly, for what properly counts as the content of moral or legal rights to privacy.
Mandelic Acid Condensation Polymer: Novel Candidate Microbicide for Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Entry

Presently marketed vaginal barrier methods are cytotoxic and damaging to the vaginal epithelium and natural vaginal flora when used frequently. Novel noncytotoxic agents are needed to protect men and women from sexually transmitted diseases. One novel candidate is a mandelic acid condensation polymer, designated SAMMA. The spectrum and mechanism of antiviral activity were explored using clinical isolates and laboratory-adapted strains of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV). SAMMA is highly effective against all CCR5 and CXCR4 isolates of HIV in primary human macrophages and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. SAMMA also inhibits infection of cervical epithelial cells by HSV. Moreover, it exhibits little or no cytotoxicity and has an excellent selectivity index. SAMMA, although not a sulfonated or sulfated polymer, blocks the binding of HIV and HSV to cells by targeting the envelope glycoproteins gp120 and gB-2, respectively, and also inhibits HSV entry postattachment. SAMMA is an excellent, structurally novel candidate microbicide that warrants further preclinical evaluation.
Shifts in the psychometric function and their implications for models of timing.

This study examined how two models of timing, scalar expectancy theory (SET) and learning to time (LeT), conceptualize the learning process in temporal tasks, and then reports two experiments to test these conceptualizations. Pigeons responded on a two-alternative free-operant psychophysical procedure in which responses on the left key were reinforceable during the first two, but not the last two, quarters of a 60-s trial, and responses on the right key were reinforceable during the last two, but not the first two, quarters of the trial. In Experiment 1 three groups of birds experienced a difference in reinforcement rates between the two keys only at the end segments of the trial (i.e., between the first and fourth quarters), only around the middle segments of the trial (i.e., between the second and third quarters), or in both end and middle segments. In Condition 1 the difference in reinforcement rate favored the left key; in Condition 2 it favored the right key. When the reinforcement rates differed in the end segments of the trial, the psychometric function--the proportion of right responses across the trial--did not shift across conditions; when it occurred around the middle of the trial or in both end and middle segments, the psychometric function shifted across conditions. Experiment 2 showed that the psychometric function shifts even when the overall reinforcement rate for the two keys is equal, provided the rates differ around the middle of the trial. This pattern of shifts of the psychometric function is inconsistent with SET. In contrast, LeT provided a good quantitative fit to the data.
Least squares estimation of dynamic system parameters using LabVIEW

A precursor to control system design is the development of a mathematical model describing the behavior of a system to be controlled. This paper presents the utilization of a least squares technique to determine parameters of a system model using LabVIEW. The effect of noise on accurate determination of the system model parameters is discussed along with the method used to filter noise from the data. The procedure is illustrated using the dynamics of a DC motor. The simulated response of the identified system model is compared with the measured response of the physical plant to validate the identification process.
New therapies in the prevention of preeclampsia.

The review summarizes the results of recent randomized clinical trials whose primary purpose was to prevent preeclampsia and explores safety concerns that have been raised by these trials. Preeclampsia remains one the most common causes of perinatal and maternal mortality particularly in resource-poor developing countries where its impact on morbidity and mortality is 20 to 100-fold greater than that in developed countries. The potential benefit of antioxidant vitamins and calcium continue to be explored and are the subject of this review. Two large prospective randomized trials involving more than 4000 low and high-risk subjects respectively compared vitamin C/E to placebo. There were no differences noted in the frequency of preeclampsia between groups. Additionally potential adverse influences of supplementation on low birthweight late stillbirth and severity and timing of preeclampsia and neonatal acidosis were noted. A large multicenter calcium vs. placebo trial sponsored by the World Health Organization in locations known to have dietary calcium deficiency failed to reduce preeclampsia or low birthweight rates. These negative trials have reduced the likelihood that antioxidant or calcium supplementation will significantly impact the incidence of this disease. The safety concerns regarding antioxidants must be carefully explored. (authors)
Safety-First Rules under Chance-Constrained Linear Programming

The approach of chance-constrained linear programming is analyzed here in the context of safety-first principles based on Tchebycheff-type inequalities. The analysis attempts to define relatively distribution-free tolerance levels and the incidence of nonnormality in chance-constrained linear programming.
Identification and analysis of a gene that is essential for morphogenesis and prespore cell differentiation in Dictyostelium.

We have identified a gene (PslA) that is expressed throughout Dictyostelium development and encodes a novel protein that is required for proper aggregation and subsequent cell-type differentiation and morphogenesis. pslA null (pslA-) cells produce large aggregation streams under conditions in which wild-type cells form discrete aggregates. Tips form along the stream, elongate to produce a finger, and eventually form a terminal structure that lacks a true sorus (spore head). More than half of the cells remain as a mass at the base of the developing fingers. The primary defect in the pslA- strain is the inability to induce prespore cell differentiation. Analyses of gene expression show a complete lack of prespore-specific gene expression and no mature spores are produced. In chimeras with wild-type cells, pslA- cells form the prestalk domain and normal, properly proportioned fruiting bodies can be produced. This indicates that pslA- cells are able to interact with wild-type cells and regulate patterning, even though pslA- cells are unable to express prespore cell-type-specific genes, do not participate in prespore cell differentiation and do not produce pslA- spores in the chimeras. While pslA- cells produce mature, vacuolated stalk cells during multicellular development, pslA- cells are unable to do so in vitro in response to exogenous DIF (a morphogen required for prestalk and stalk cell differentiation). These results indicate that pslA- cells exhibit a defect in the prestalk/stalk cell pathways under these experimental conditions. Our results suggest that PslA9s primary function is to regulate prespore cell determination very early in the prespore pathway via a cell-autonomous mechanism, possibly at the time of the initial prestalk/prespore cell-fate decision. Indirect immunofluorescence of myc-tagged PslA localizes the protein to the nucleus, suggesting that PslA may function to control the prespore pathway at the level of transcription.
Asian Labor Recruitment and the World Wide Web

International labor migration is produced and patterned through the activities of government and private institutions, such as labor recruiters and government officials. Recently, labor recruitment agencies have utilized the World Wide Web as a means of facilitating the procurement of foreign employment contracts. The purpose of this research is to examine the institutional usage of the Web as a means to facilitate the global flow of labor. Based on a qualitative assessment of 27 recruitment-related Web sites, I suggest that Web-based recruitment reinforces global patterns of gendered, racial, and occupational segregation. Moreover, Web-based recruitment offers the potential for revolutionizing patterns and processes of international labor migration.
Impact of Physical Therapist–Directed Exercise Counseling Combined With Fitness Center–Based Exercise Training on Muscular Strength and Exercise Capacity in People With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Assessing muscular strength (force-generating capacity) and exercise capacity in response to an intervention for people with type 2 diabetes is clinically important in the prevention of type 2 diabetes-related complications. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of physical therapist–directed exercise counseling combined with fitness center–based exercise training on muscular strength and exercise capacity in people with type 2 diabetes. Design: This study was a randomized clinical trial. Setting: The study was conducted on a university campus, with patient recruitment from the local community. Patients: Twenty-four people with type 2 diabetes were randomly allocated to either a group that received physical therapist–directed exercise counseling plus fitness center–based exercise training (experimental group) or a group that received laboratory-based, supervised exercise (comparison group). Intervention: The experimental group received physical therapist–directed exercise counseling on an exercise program and was provided access to a fitness center. The comparison group received the same exercise program as the experimental group while under supervision. Measurements: For all participants, chest press, row, and leg press muscular strength (1-repetition maximum [in kilograms]) and exercise capacity (graded exercise test duration [in minutes]) testing were conducted at baseline and 2 months later. Results: No significant differences in improvements in muscular strength were found for the chest press (adjusted mean difference=1.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]=−5.5 to 7.8), row (adjusted mean difference=0.1; 95% CI=−9.0 to 9.1), or leg press (adjusted mean difference=2.7; 95% CI=−9.1 to 14.6) between the groups. No significant difference in improvement in exercise capacity (adjusted mean difference=0.2; 95% CI=−0.9 to 1.2) was found between the groups. Limitations: Lack of group allocation blinding and the small sample size were limitations of this study. Conclusions: The results suggest that physical therapist–directed exercise counseling combined with fitness center–based exercise training can improve muscular strength and exercise capacity in people with type 2 diabetes, with outcomes comparable to those of supervised exercise.
Serving Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury A National Survey

THIS PAPER REPORTS FINDINGS FROM A SURVEY OF 48 STATE DIRECTORS OF SPECIAL EDUCATION. THE SURVEY COLLECTED INFORMATION ON CURRENT STATE PRACTICES IN PROVIDING SERVICES TO INDIVIDUALS WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TRAINING, AND ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA. VARIATIONS AMONG STATES IN THE AVAILABILITY AND NATURE OF ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, DEFINITIONS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, AND TRAINING WERE FOUND.
MICRURGICAL STUDIES IN CELL PHYSIOLOGY : III. THE ACTION OF CO2AND SOME SALTS OF NA, CA, AND K ON THE PROTOPLASM OF AMŒBA DUBIA.

I. Plasmalemma. 1. Of the salts used in these experiments the anions have only a modifying effect on the cations. The dispersive action of Na and, to a lesser extent, of K, predominates. Borate increases the toxicity of Na and acetate decreases it. 2. CO2 and carbonates dissolve the plasmalemma readily. 3. Na lactate tends to dissolve the surface especially when brought into contact with it from the interior by injection. Lactate antagonizes the stimulating effect of Ca on the plasmalemma. II. The Internal Protoplasm. 4. Acid phosphate of Na and K, when injected, causes a membrane to form around the granular endoplasm within the ameba. 5. Na borate increases the toxicity of Na inside the cell. 6. Bubbles of CO2, injected into the cell, cause an increase of fluidity of the internal protoplasm. These bubbles shrink and disappear from the cell more readily than air bubbles. 7. The anions modify the typical cation effect. Carbonates accentuate the liquefying and solvent action of Na. Phosphates prevent a complete rounding of the ameba caused by Na. Lactate inhibits the solidification and pinching off effect caused by Ca. III. Physiological Significance of Salts. 8. The buffer salts can be injected in high concentrations without toxic effects but amebae can be immersed in them only in very dilute solutions without injury. 9. The inhibiting action of lactate and the dispersive effect of CO2, carbonates, and lactate on the plasma membrane, must be of importance in a consideration of the functions of the organism and perhaps in the production of pathological changes.
Evaluation of diagnostic performance of whole-body simultaneous PET/MRI in pediatric lymphoma

Background Whole-body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is the standard of care for lymphoma. Simultaneous PET/MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a promising new modality that combines the metabolic information of PET with superior soft-tissue resolution and functional imaging capabilities of MRI while decreasing radiation dose. There is limited information on the clinical performance of PET/MRI in the pediatric setting.
Semiconductor lasers and fiber lasers for fiber-optic telecommunications

Abstract Be performance characteristics of semiconductor lasers for fiber telecommunication systems will be reviewed. Modulation speed, intensity noise, singlefrequency line width, and tunability are addressed. In addition, recent results concerning the same characteristics in single-frequency, tunable, fiber lasers are reviewed and compared with the semiconductor laser.
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Encephalitis

The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of patients with M. pneumoniae encephalitis referred to the California Encephalitis Project are reported from the California Department of Health Services, Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory, Richmond, CA, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Toxicity of insecticides to Tetrastichus hagenowii

Objective To realize the toxicity of insecticides on Tetrastichus hagenowii,and offer the basis of biological and chemical control for cockroach. Methods Drug-membrane method and dipping method.Results The insecticides used in the experiment showed strong contact killing toxicity to the adults of T.hagenowii which could be knocked down in a short time.In the application dosage,the contact toxicity order of 7 kinds of insecticides to the adults was DDVP Resigen≌Blattanex Chlorpyriphos Fendona Crackdown Responsar.The preserving toxicity to the adults of T.hagenowi lasted for 5 to 7 days by DDVP,120 to 130 days by Chlorpyriphos,180 to 200 days by Propoxur,more than seven months by synthetic pyrethroid.Emulsifiable concentrate of DDVP,Resigen,Blattanex and Chlorpyriphos markedly influenced growth and development of the immature stage of T.hagenowii,which had been killed and could not emerged.Suspension concentrate of synthetic pyrethroid influenced more slightly on the immature development of Tetrastichus hagenowii.Most of immature could emerge to adult stage.The insecticides residual in the ootheca showed strong preserving toxicity to the emerging adults. Conclusion Due to the high sensitivity of Tetrastichus hagenowii to insecticides,the integrated control measures should be adopted.Especially coordination between chemistry and biologic control measures,the suitable selection of pesticide,dosage form and method,the application of insecticides corresponding to condition and time should be considered,which would help natural enemy or predators to play a good natural control effect.
Syntheses of the Bisindole Alkaloids of the Genera Borreria and Flindersia

Abstract The flinderoles and their structural isomers, the borreverines, have intriguing chemical structures and promising biological activity. These indole alkaloids each contain multiple stereocenters that challenge synthetic chemists to develop new reaction methods. Proven antimalarial activity further established the synthesis of these targets as high impact. Some synthetic approaches used advances in stereoselective carbon–carbon bond formation to synthesize the flinderoles or analogs thereof. Other efforts leveraged biosynthetic considerations to guide their synthetic strategies. The successful outcomes of these latter cases provided support for the proposed biosyntheses as well as access to amounts of alkaloids sufficient for further study. Larger amounts of material also allowed for establishing the optical rotation for pure flinderole enantiomers, lending support the hypothesis that all of the flindersial and borrerial alkaloids are produced naturally as racemates through acid-promoted dimerization.
Hot electron-driven photocatalytic water splitting.

We report measurements of photocatalytic water splitting using Au films with and without TiO2 coatings. In these structures, a thin (3–10 nm) film of TiO2 is deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of a 100 nm thick Au film. We utilize an AC lock-in technique, which enables us to detect the relatively small photocurrents (∼μA) produced by the short-lived hot electrons that are photoexcited in the metal. Under illumination, the bare Au film produces a small AC photocurrent (<1 μA) for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to hot electrons and hot holes, respectively, that are photoexcited in the Au film. The samples with TiO2 produce a larger AC photocurrent indicating that hot electrons are being injected from the metal into the TiO2 semiconductor where they then reduce hydrogen ions in solution forming H2 (i.e., 2H+ + 2e− → H2). The AC photocurrent exhibits a narrow peak when plotted as a function of reference potential, which is a signature of hot electrons. Here, we photoexcite a monoenergetic source of hot electrons, which produces a peak in the photocurrent, as the electrode potential is swept through the resonance with the redox potential of the desired half-reaction. This stands in contrast to conventional bulk semiconductor photocatalysts, whose AC photocurrent saturates beyond a certain potential (i.e., light limited photocurrent). The photocurrents produced at the metal–liquid interface are smaller than those of the metal–semiconductor system, mainly because, in the metal–semiconductor system, there is a continuum of energy and momentum states that each hot electron can be injected into, while for an ion in solution, the number of energy and momentum states are very small.
Gas perfusable microfabricated membranes for high-density cell culture

We report for the first time the design, fabrication, and feasibility of a high-density cell culture system capable of a cell substrate density of 40 cm2/cm3, greater than 250× current commercially available systems. This design provides oxygen directly from gas perfusable membranes on which the cells are grown to overcome oxygen delivery limitations in traditional culture systems. With translation in mind, the membranes are composed only of medical grade PDMS and Parylene to mitigate contaminant leaching concerns.
Dangerous worldview: A mediator of the relation between disgust sensitivity and social conservatism

Abstract A growing body of research indicates that greater disgust sensitivity is associated with more socially conservative values. However, the mechanism by which disgust is linked to social conservatism has not been elucidated. The purpose of this research was to determine whether disgust alters social worldview, which in turn encourages the endorsement of social conservatism. Studies 1a/b and 2 provided correlational support for this model. Individuals higher in disgust sensitivity were more likely to endorse a dangerous worldview and socially conservative values. Furthermore, dangerous worldview mediated the relation between disgust sensitivity and social conservatism. Study 3 provided experimental evidence of the causal link between disgust and dangerous worldview. For those more sensitive to disgust, a disgust induction compared to a neutral condition resulted in greater endorsement of a dangerous worldview. These findings provide initial evidence of a route through which disgust influences social conservatism.
External Validation of a Rapid Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Score.

Background The Rapid Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Score (RrAAAS) was developed from Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) data (649 ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) patients, repaired both open and endovascularly), using preoperative age, creatinine, and blood pressure. This study validates that model using the larger National Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) data set and compares its performance to previous models. Methods The VQI registry was queried for patients undergoing rAAA repair from 2006 to 2016. The performance of our original model, RrAAAS, was tested on this data set excluding VSGNE patients (VQI minus VSGNE), and its performance was then compared to the performance of the Glasgow Aneurysm Score (GAS) and Edinburgh Ruptured Aneurysm Score (ERAS). Results VQI contained 2,704 eligible patients, of which 715 had been contributed by VSGNE. The discrimination of RrAAAS was similar to GAS or ERAS (area under a receiver operator characteristic curve = 0.66). Neither GAS nor ERAS provides a direct prediction of mortality; observed mortality in the VQI minus VSGNE cohort tended to be somewhat lower than predictions of the original RrAAAS. A recalibrated equation predicting the percent mortality was Mortality (%) = 16 + 12*(age > 76) + 8*(creatinine > 1.5) + 20*(systolic blood pressure Conclusions The previously described RrAAAS has similar discrimination as the GAS and ERAS, is easier to obtain in an emergency setting, and has been recalibrated to reflect the experience of a large national sample. The RrAAAS could be useful for clinicians caring for these patients and could be used for risk adjustment when comparing regional differences in mortality associated with rAAA repair.
Changing the narrative: a social reconstruction of anorexia nervosa

The following article works to externalize anorexia nervosa and reconstruct our understanding of what psychiatry classifies as a mental illness towards a visiting presence. I recognize personal experience as a means to knowing. By analyzing particular artifacts created during the prevalence, distance, and coordination of anorexia nervosa (AN) – I deconstruct societal discourses. This perspective calls us to reconsider other cultural concepts such as control, freedom, etc. In the end, I propose that recovery requires the coordination of multiplicities in which AN is kept in conversation and balanced with other discourses – rather than severing AN’s voice completely.
Randomized clinical trial pilot study of prolonged exposure versus present centred affect regulation therapy for PTSD and anger problems with male military combat veterans.

A randomized controlled trial pilot study (www.ClinicalTrials.org; NCT01228539) with N = 31 U.S. male military recent combat veterans with PTSD and severe anger problems was conducted comparing 10-session individual therapy versions of Trauma Affect Regulation: Guide for Education and Therapy (TARGET) versus prolonged exposure (PE). TARGET had fewer drop-outs than PE (i.e., 29% vs. 64%). At post-test, improvements were found for both interventions in increased emotion regulation and hope, and reduced PTSD symptoms, hostility, experiential avoidance, and mental health problems. At a four-month follow-up, comparable proportions (approximately 40%) of recipients in each therapy maintained clinically significant gains. Self-rated expectancy of therapeutic outcome and working alliance was comparable for both PE and TARGET early in therapy, at mid-treatment, and at the end of treatment. While preliminary, these results suggest that TARGET may be a viable therapeutic option for male military veterans with PTSD and anger problems.
Modified Discrete Event Simulation Algorithm for Control of Automated Construction Operations

Few robots are found on the worksite today and the construction process has remained unchanged since pre-industrial times, the only major advancement being the replacement of human and animal power with motors, despite research efforts in construction automation. Contrarily, the planning stages of projects have benefited from advances in simulation and modeling technologies. We propose a mechanism for leveraging information rich models to automate construction operations by using Discrete Event Simulation (DES) models of operations to drive the process in the real world using autonomous robots. This endeavour requires a new method to process DES models as they are currently used for the fundamentally different task of analyzing operations. Technically, this method is necessitated by the fact that activity durations are not known apriori when the DES model is controlling a real world operation. We put forth a novel algorithm for processing DES that enables construction automation. Our lack of prior knowledge of activity durations are accounted for by assuming that initiated activities continue until pre-empted to a stop by communication from the autonomous robot performing it. The primary contribution of our presented research is enabling the unprecedented use of DES models for construction automation. This approach allows for the automation of any construction operation, given the application breadth of DES. This modeling approach also enables new construction visualization techniques with the use of robot simulators that free up the operation modeler from consideration of low level equipment and geometric details and from the collection of activity duration data.
The Last Ten Yards

Jack Schwartz was drawn to the biological science late in life. He took a two year sabbatical at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, where he demonstrated how computer generated graphics could provide a window into visual processing, and found signatures in the permutation of mitochondrial gene order useful for phylogenetic analysis. He made a lasting impact on computational genomics at the lab by emphasizing the utility of the sort and exact matching. This led to the application of the Burrough-Wheeler algorithm, now a central component to many widely used genome mapping algorithms.
Neurobehavioral Consequences of Early Exposure to Lead in Rhesus Monkeys: Effects on Cognitive Behaviors

The present paper reports on a series of studies of rhesus monkeys exposed to low levels of lead administered daily throughout the first year of life. These lead-treated monkeys have provided an animal model directed at understanding childhood lead toxicity. The results to be described here focus on a cognitive test paradigm, reversal learning (RL), in which a reliable, lead-associated performance deficit was elicited and studied in several successive experiments. The emphasis of this report is on investigations of the RL test procedure designed to discover task parameters which elicited, enhanced, or sustained the lead-associated RL deficit, and which might identify the nature of the cognitive dysfunction responsible for the deficit.
Geo-Sociology in Practice

In this chapter we will provide examples of data that has been linked to GIS or appended to ecological characteristics and undertake the analyses previously introduced. Here we present an example of the relationship between poverty, stress levels, and self-rated health within a hierarchical linear model (HLM) context. In this analysis we show that individual level stress negatively effects perceptions of their own health. This health perception is further impacted by the ecological environment in which they live, partly by the neighborhood poverty rate. This represents the issues associated with the containment of individuals within a specific neighborhood context and the effect that ecological containment has in effecting individual level phenomena (i.e. perceived level of health).
Cut to Cute: Fact, Form, and Feeling in Digital Animation

This conversation between art historian Johanna Gosse and artist and film-maker Peggy Ahwesh focuses on the role of digital animation in experimental film and media. Beginning with a discussion of Ahwesh’s practice of appropriating CGI animated news footage in her recent films, the conversation then broadens to address questions of genre, affect, politics, violence, labour, gender, and finally, the aesthetics of ‘cuteness’ in animation, which they contrast with Sergei Eisenstein’s influential writings on animation, particularly his theorization of ‘plasmaticness’.
Prevalence of MDM2 amplification and coalterations in 523 advanced cancer patients in the MD Anderson phase 1 clinic

// Vikas Dembla 1 , Neeta Somaiah 2 , Pedro Barata 3 , Kenneth Hess 4 , Siqing Fu 1 , Filip Janku 1 , Daniel D. Karp 1 , Aung Naing 1 , Sarina Anne Piha-Paul 1 , Vivek Subbiah 1 , Apostolia M. Tsimberidou 1 , Kenna Shaw 5 , Funda Meric-Bernstam 1 and David S. Hong 1 1 Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase 1 Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA 2 Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA 3 Department of Solid Tumors, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 4 Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA 5 Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA Correspondence to: David S. Hong, email: dshong@mdanderson.org Keywords: MDM2 amplification; phase I trials; solid tumors; TP53 mutation; CDK4 amplification Received: January 04, 2018 Accepted: August 20, 2018 Published: September 04, 2018 ABSTRACT Background: TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer and codes for the best studied tumor suppressor, p53. MDM2 is involved in the negative regulation of p53 and itself serves as an oncogene, reported to be overexpressed in several cancer tumor types. In this retrospective study, we assessed the occurrence of MDM2 amplification among patients with various types of cancers and its association with clinical factors, other genetic aberrations, and response to targeted therapy in a phase I clinical trial setting. Methods: Samples from patients with advanced solid tumors who had been referred to the MD Anderson phase I clinical trials program between January 2011 and January 2016 were collected and analyzed for MDM2 amplification using FoundationOne’s genomic profiling assay. Patients whose tumors expressed MDM2 amplification were compared to those with tumors of the same histologic types without MDM2 amplification. Results: We tested tumors from 523 patients, of which 23 (4.4%) had MDM2 amplification. The highest prevalence of MDM2 amplification was in sarcoma (57%), breast cancer (13%) and bladder cancer (9%). Six patients with liposarcoma were treated on phase I protocol with an MDM2 inhibitor. The most common molecular aberrations co-occurring with MDM2 amplification was CDK4 amplification (70%). TP53 mutation was also detected in 7 patients (30%). Conclusion: MDM2 amplification was most commonly associated with liposarcoma. Concomitant alterations in additional genes such as CDK4 amplification and TP53 mutations, along with variable responses to targeted therapies including MDM2 inhibitors, suggest that further combinational studies are needed to target this population.
A Low-cost, Smartphone-only Pulse Transit Time Measurement System Using Cardio-mechanical Signals and Optical Sensors*

This paper presents a smartphone-only solution for measuring pulse transit time (PTT). An application based on an Android smartphone is developed to collect seismocardiogram (SCG), gyrocardiogram (GCG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) recordings. The system does not need any other external system for measurements, so the total cost and system complexity are minimized. PTT metrics are calculated as the time difference between the aortic valve opening points in the SCG or GCG signals recorded by the accelerometer or gyroscope of a smartphone respectively, and the fiducial points in the PPG signal recorded by a modified optical sensor connected to the audio input. A digital signal processing (DSP) system is developed in a post-processing environment and experimentally validated on ten healthy subjects at rest. Our results indicate that a smartphone-only PTT measurement system is feasible and comparable with stand-alone sensor node systems.
Using Fan Passion to Investigate Constraints to Student Attendance at College Football Games

Given the decline in average student attendance at college football games nationwide, it is important for marketers to understand the constraints inhibiting student attendance. The current study addresses this issue by testing for differences in constraints affecting student nonattendance decisions based on their passion for the home team. Data were collected from students not attending games on six college campuses during actual football games. A total of 33 potential constraints to attendance were assessed. Results indicated statistically significant differences among intrapersonal, event-specific, and marketing-related constraints. Regardless of passion level, prior commitments to school and work were among the most highly-rated constraints to attendance. For highly-passionate fans, beverage costs, poor team performance, and watching the game on television were also highly-rated constraints. Low-passion fans, however, were constrained by time commitment necessary to attend, as well as lack of interest ...
Evolving to a new computing ERA: cognitive computing with Watson

Over the past few decades, we have moved from the tabulating era to a programmatic era of computing. Now, we are at the beginning of the cognitive computing era-when computers can understand natural language interaction, generate insights from vast amounts of content that was previously untapped, generate hypotheses, provide evidence-based responses to users questions. This completely transforms how users interact with machines and brings about significant transformations and positive disruptions in user behavior across industries. You will hear about how IBM is leading this transformation and how the various scenarios using Watson.
A compressed sensing approach to hyperspectral classification

Although hyperspectral technology has continued to improve over the years, its use is often still limited due to size, weight and power (SWaP) constraints. One of the more taxing requirements, is the need to sample a large number of very fine spectral bands. The prohibitively large size of hyperpsectral data creates challenges in both archival and processing. Compressive sensing is an enabling technology for reducing the overall processing and SWaP requirements. This paper explores the viability of performing classification on sparsely sampled hyperspectral data without the need of performing sparse reconstruction. In particular, a spatial-spectral classifier based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM) and edge-preserving filters (EPFs) is applied directly in the compressed domain. The well-known Restricted Isometry Property (RIP) and a random spectral sampling strategy are used to evaluate analytically, the error between the compressed classifier and the full band classifier. The mathematical analysis presented shows that the classification error can be expressed in terms of the Restricted Isometry Constant (RIC) and that it is indeed possible to achieve full classification performance in the compressed domain, given that sufficient sampling conditions are met. A set of experiments are performed to empirically demonstrate compressed classification. Images from both the Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and Reflective Optics System Imaging Spectrometer (ROSIS) are examined to draw inferences on the impact of scene complexity. The results presented clearly demonstrate the possibility of compressed classification and lead to several open research questions to be addressed in future work.
Acute kidney injury in childhood cancer: An insight from Kids' Inpatient Database.

e18379Background: Oncology patients are at high risk for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). AKI may occur due to direct injury from primary cancer, nephrotoxic effects of chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem-c...
Pulmonary hemorrhage in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: Radiographic evolution, course, complications and long-term clinical outcomes.

Background Pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) is occasionally seen in premature infants after surfactant treatment for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). These infants receive frequent chest radiographs (CXR) during and after hospitalization enabling long-term radiographic-clinical correlation. Objective To chart the natural evolution of CXR findings of PH in RDS and correlate radiographic patterns to supplemental oxygen requirement. Materials and methods Retrospective review of clinical notes for gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and oxygen requirement were performed. CXRs were reviewed at 4 time-points; during PH, 28 days postnatal age, 36 weeks and at farthest available clinical follow-up. Results 18 infants born (2003-2016), GA (24-30 weeks); BW (482-1590 grams) were included. Mean onset of PH was 1.94 (0-5) days. 9/18 (50%) had IVH. 3 died during PH; all had IVH. During PH, CXR showed whiteout 9/18 (50%); patchy opacities 5/18 (27%); diffuse haziness 1/18 (6%) and no change 3/18 (17%). At 28 days postnatal age, CXR showed fine-interstitial (FI) markings 14/15 (93%) and whiteout 1/15 (7%). At 36 weeks,12/14 (85%) had FI and 2/14 (15%) developed cystic-interstitial changes. At farthest follow-up, FI 3/13 (23%); coarse-interstitial 4/13 (30%); peri-bronchial cuffing 5/13 (38%); normal 1/13 (9%) and the majority had hyperinflation 9/13 (69%). At discharge, 9/14 (64%) required home-oxygen and 5/14 (36%) were on room-air. At farthest follow-up, 6/14 (42%) required home-oxygen and 8/14 (58%) were on room-air. Conclusion Premature infants that survive PH may later develop chronic lung disease of prematurity with an evolving interstitial pattern on CXR that clears overtime as they outgrow the need for supplemental oxygen.
A Novel Adjunct Indicator of Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Platelet Count and Mean Platelet Volume.

Abstract Background Diagnosing a periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is difficult and often requires a combination of objective findings. The purpose of this study is to determine whether platelets, a known acute phase reactant, would be able to further aid in the diagnosis of PJI. Methods A single-institution retrospective review study was performed on all revision total hip and knee arthroplasties done between 2000 and 2016 (n = 4939). PJI was defined by Musculoskeletal Infection Society criteria (n = 949). Platelet count and mean platelet volume were assessed from each patient’s preoperative complete blood count. These values were then assessed as a ratio via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results The platelet count to mean platelet volume ratio for PJI patients was 33.45 compared to 25.68 for patients in the aseptic revision cohort (P Conclusion Our study demonstrates that platelets and their associated serum biomarkers are associated with PJI and warrant consideration in patients who are being evaluated for potential PJI.
More About Social Relations

This paper makes a plea for incorporating the study of social relations into the theory of fair allocation, in order to better take account of the importance of the quality of social interactions in people’s lives and in comprehensive theories of justice. This involves in particular modelling power and status in a more concrete way than has been done in the existing economic literature on voting power or social influence.
Ergogenic Properties of Ketogenic Diets in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Systematic Review.

Ketogenic diets (KDs) have received increasing attention among athletes and physically active individuals. However, the question as to whether and how the diet could benefit this healthy cohort rem...
Optimal Feedback-interferometric Fiber Laser Sensors

Efficient first-principle simulation with self-consistence of the feedback-interferometric fiber laser sensor has been studied. The feedback-interferometric fiber laser sensor consists of a Distributed Bragg Reflectors Fiber Laser/Distributed Feedback Fiber Laser (DBR-FL/DFB-FL) and an external feedback sensing element. Our simulation is self-consistent in that it effectively integrates the inter-dependence of the 980-nm pump/1550-nm laser powers and the rate equations of the Er/Yb co-doped fiber laser medium. The 1550-nm laser field is efficiently solved through the Coupled Modes Theory (CMT) method and the rate equations are solved through the iterative Newton-Raphson method. The first-principle self-consistent simulation can obtain the lasing behaviors of the fiber laser sensor for better sensor design, including the threshold 980-nm pump power, the lasing efficiency, and the phase modulation response.
A combination of intra- and peri-tumoral deep features from prostate bi-parametric MRI can distinguish clinically significant and insignificant prostate cancer

Bi-parametric MRI (bpMRI: T2W MRI and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient maps (ADC) derived from diffusion weighted imaging) is increasingly being used to characterize prostate cancer (PCa). However, inter- and intrareader variability hinders interpretation of MRI. Deep learning networks may aid in PCa characterization and may allow for non-invasively distinguishing clinically significant (csPCa: GGG<1) and insignificant (ciPCa: GGG=1) PCa. Recent studies have shown that signatures from peri-tumoral (PT) region on imaging add significant value to those from intra-tumoral (IT) region for disease detection and characterization. In this work, we present a multi-sequence multi-instance learning convolutional neural network trained using 2D patches extracted from PCa regions of interest (ROIs) on prostate bpMRI to distinguish csPCa and ciPCa. The trained classifier is used to extract pooled features from both the IT and PT ROIs, which are then used to train a random forest classifier to distinguish csPCa and ciPCa. We train and test our models using patient studies from two different institutions (n=298) with GGG obtained either from post-surgical specimens or biopsies. Model built using IT (DIT) and PT (DPT) deep features alone resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 and 0.73 respectively, while models computed from IT (RIT) and PT (RPT) radiomic features resulted in an AUC of 0.77 and 0.75 respectively. The models DIP and RIP trained on combination of IT and PT deep features and radiomic features resulted in an AUC of 0.86 and 0.80 respectively. In both cases, we observe that combining IT and PT features helps in improving the overall classifier performance in distinguishing csPCa and ciPCa.
Total Extraction: Exploitative Behaviors of the Carceral Apparatus Towards Carceral Officers in Central Appalachia

The era of mass incarceration has had a profound impact on rural areas, such as the Central Appalachian region in the United States. Since 1989, twenty-nine new prisons have been built in the region (Perdue and Sanchagrin 2016). The justifications put forth for prison-building have focused predominantly on economic development and job creation, as deindustrialization continues to affect residents. Research has found that prison-building as a means for economic development in rural areas is a myth, however—one that obscures the real reason for carceral expansion. This article explores the nature of prison-building and the resulting exploitation of individuals working in these carceral institutions in Central Appalachia. We argue that prison-building is a mechanism of economic and social control within the region, and we focus our analysis on the poor working conditions, impoverished pay, and the general toxicity of the land on which these prisons are situated. Our article is not, however, a call for improved working conditions in the prisons. Instead, we weave together literature on the exploitation of carceral officers, the community, and the incarcerated to explore avenues of abolitionist solidarity between all people harmed by the carceral state.
387-P: Glycemic Outcomes in Baseline Hemoglobin A1c Subgroups in the International Diabetes Closed-Loop (IDCL) Trial

Using a closed loop system significantly improves time in range (TIR) in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). In a 6-month RCT, 112 subjects were assigned to closed-loop control (Tandem Control-IQ) after obtaining two weeks of baseline CGM data from sensor-augmented pump therapy. We compared glycemic outcomes from baseline to end of study among subgroups classified by baseline HbA1C level. Participants’ mean age was 33±16 (range 14-71 yrs) and mean baseline HbA1C was 7.4±1.0 (range 5.4% to 10.6%). All HbA1c subgroups showed an improvement in TIR due to reduction of both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (Table). Those with HbA1c Disclosure L. Ekhlaspour: None. D. Raghinaru: None. J. Lum: None. S.A. Brown: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Roche Diabetes Care, Tandem Diabetes Care, Tolerion, Inc. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. Funding National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (UC4108483); University of Virginia; Tandem Diabetes Care
ARF-Crack: rotation invariant deep fully convolutional network for pixel-level crack detection

Autonomous detection of structural defect from images is a promising, but also challenging task to replace manual inspection. With the development of deep learning algorithms, several studies have adopted deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) or fully convolutional networks (FCN) to detect cracks in pixel-level. However, a fundamental property of cracks, that they are rotation invariant, has never been exploited. Although the rotation-invariant property can be implicitly learned by data augmentation, the network needs more parameters to learn features of different orientations and thus tend to overfit the training data. In this study, a rotation-invariant FCN called ARF-Crack is proposed that utilizes the rotation-invariant property of cracks explicitly. The architecture of a state-of-the-art FCN called DeepCrack for pixel-level crack detection is adopted and revised where active rotating filters (ARFs) are used to encode the rotation-invariant property into the network. The proposed ARF-Crack is evaluated on several benchmark datasets including concrete cracks, pavement cracks and corrosion images. The experimental results show that the proposed ARF-Crack requires less number of network parameters and achieves the highest average precision values for all the benchmark datasets compared to other approaches. The proposed ARF-Crack has the potential of detecting other rotation-invariant defects.