cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why Is Muscularity Sexy? Tests of the Fitness Indicator Hypothesis

Evolutionary scientists propose that exaggerated secondary sexual characteristics are cues of genes that increase offspring viability or reproductive success. In six studies the hypothesis that muscularity is one such cue is tested. As predicted, women rate muscular men as sexier, more physically dominant and volatile, and less committed to their mates than nonmuscular men. Consistent with the inverted-U hypothesis of masculine traits, men with moderate muscularity are rated most attractive. Consistent with past research on fitness cues, across two measures, women indicate that their most recent short-term sex partners were more muscular than their other sex partners (ds = .36, .47). Across three studies, when controlling for other characteristics (e.g., body fat), muscular men rate their bodies as sexier to women (partial rs = .49-.62) and report more lifetime sex partners (partial rs = .20-.27), short-term partners (partial rs = .25-.28), and more affairs with mated women (partial r = .28).
Endometrial changes in women receiving oral contraceptives.

The endometrium of 26 of 105 women receiving oral contraceptives for more than 17 months showed atrophic proliferative glands with hypertrophic decidual stroma, nodular stromal hyperplasia, pronounced myometrial hyperplasia, capillary thickening with endothelial proliferation and fibrin thrombi, increased lymphatics simulating microcysts, and atypical hyperplasia of decidual cells. Two women showed an early stromal sarcoma. Abundant endometrial stromal cells containing hyperchromatic nuclei surrounded by orange-colored foamy cytoplasm were frequently observed in Papanicolaou smears, often yielding a suspicious cytologic diagnosis. The endometrial stroma, a pleomorphic and pleuripotential mesodermal derivative, may, under prolonged and imbalanced hormonal stimuli, undergo an excessive atypical proliferation leading to possible neoplastic changes. The decidual changes induced by contraceptives were occasionally indistinguishable from decidua, requiring extreme caution in interpretation. The individual response to oral contraceptives, as measured by degrees of endometrial changes, however, appears to be extremely variable.
Wavelength Selective Emitting Materials Using High-Temperature Photonic Structures

Recently, wavelength selective emitting materials have attracted extensive interest due to their potential of high optical-to-electricity conversion efficiency for thermal photovoltaic (TPV) cells and realizing high efficient incandescent light sources. A substantial increase in spectral control over thermal radiation and photon recycling can accomplish this objective by the development of high-temperature photonic structures (HTPS) that simultaneously suppress unwanted radiation and enhance emission in a desirable wavelength range. In this paper, we shall review the properties of HTPS as a wavelength selective emitter, the radiative energy transfer relation in real devices, and photon recycling scheme using wavelength selective filters.
Impact of errors in optical properties and/or geometry on the recovery of cerebral blood flow using diffuse correlation spectroscopy

We use a layered Monte Carlo model of diffuse correlation spectroscopy measurements to assess the impact of errors in optical properties and/or geometry on the recovery of cerebral blood flow using single or multi-distance measurements.
Incorporating a Soil Science Artifact into a University ePortfolio Assessment Tool

The ePortfolio is a useful educational tool that is utilized in many educational institutions to showcase student accomplishments and provide students with an opportunity to reflect on their educational progress. The objective of this study was to develop and test an artifact from an introductory soil science course to be included in the individual student ePortfolio utilizing Microsoft PowerPoint and Google Sites through Google Apps for Education. A State/Representative Soil Project developed for the FNR 204: Soil Information Systems course at Clemson University, taught in the fall of 2008, was used to create a PowerPoint presentation to be incorporated as an artifact for the ePortfolio. Fifty-seven students from various fields (forestry, wildlife biology, and environmental science) were surveyed following the exercise regarding the usefulness of including the PowerPoint presentation of the State/Representative Soil Project as an artifact in their ePortfolios. Students created an artifact for their ePortfolio, learned more about soil information systems, and completed a requirement for the course. Feedback was received on how to improve the artifact and its usability in their ePortfolio. Overall, student responses were positive, indicating that incorporation of the State/Representative Soil Project artifact can enhance their ePortfolios. Impact Statement Digital learner portfolios are of growing importance in higher education and it is important to help students to create artifacts from soil science courses. This article describes an example of an artifact from an introductory-level soil science course. The artifact was well received by the students and faculty.
Voltage attenuation along the electrodes of ionic polymer metal composites

In this note, we study voltage attenuation along the electrodes of an ionic polymer metal composite. We conduct a series of experiments on an in-house fabricated Nafion-based ionic polymer metal co...
Investigation on Health Status of Central Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places of Dalian City

Objective To master the basic data of air conditioning systems in hotels.Methods We used random sampling method to select the air conditioning systems from the hotels which had been operating for more than 2 years in over-S-star hotels.Determination of each air supply systems of PM10, blast pipe inner surface,cooling water,detection of air conditioning and air duct inner surface of health indicators and Legionella pneumophila content.Results The 9 sets of air-conditioning system,Health indicators all qualified for only one set of air conditioning system.The qualified rate is 2.22%;45air conditioning PM10,total bacteria,fungi total qualified rate is respectively 100%,80%,81.11%;The 200 air duct inner surface of the total number of bacteria,fungi total qualified rate respectively is 93.33%,83.22%;5 cooling water of Legionella pneumophila detection rate of 0%;air conditioning not detected hemolytic streptococcus.Conclusions Air conditioning system inner surface of the tube and the air conditioning system in detection of pathogenic bacteria,pollution is serious,we must strengthen the cleaning and sanitation management.
Embryonic rodent brain cells in culture.

Because of its cellular complexity and regional heterogeneity, the mammalian central nervous system is not easily amenable for experimental analysis. The study of the developing brain becomes even more complicated because of the differential growth rates of different parts of the brain. Primary culture techniques involving dissociation of discrete regions of the developing brain into component cells offer an excellent opportunity to study the regulation of growth and differentiation of neural cells and to investigate their biochemical, morphological, and physiological behavior under well-defined conditions. Methods are available now to isolate and grow individual classes of neural cells (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), thereby enabling one to study the cellular behavior at the individual level and to uncover the nature of cell-cell interactions that presumably govern cell differentiation.
Unity in diversity: shared mechanism of entry among paramyxoviruses.

Abstract The Paramyxoviridae family includes many viruses that are pathogenic in humans, including parainfluenza viruses, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and the emerging zoonotic Henipaviruses. No effective treatments are currently available for these viruses, and there is a need for efficient antiviral therapies. Paramyxoviruses enter the target cell by binding to a cell surface receptor and then fusing the viral envelope with the target cell membrane, allowing the release of the viral genome into the cytoplasm. Blockage of these crucial steps prevents infection and disease. Binding and fusion are driven by two virus-encoded glycoproteins, the receptor-binding protein and the fusion protein, that together form the viral “fusion machinery.” The development of efficient antiviral drugs requires a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action of the Paramyxoviridae fusion machinery, which is still controversial. Here, we review recent structural and functional data on these proteins and the current understanding of the mechanism of the paramyxovirus cell entry process.
Thermal Radiation and Energy Closure Assessment in Evapotranspiration Estimation for Remote Sensing Validation

Where human populations exist, water and its proper management remain a critical and important issue across diverse regions of the world. This is particularly acute in semiarid regions. The proper allocation and management of limited water resources in locations that are vast in spatial extent necessitate important surface and meteorological information in order to accurately estimate evapotranspiration (ET) at relevant spatial and temporal resolutions. This chapter focuses on quantifying and understanding the surface energy balance (SEB) for an irrigated cotton field in a semiarid environment because of the unique case where irrigated (wet) surfaces are surrounded by vast dry surfaces. And thus represent an ideal condition to study the effects of advected warm dry air moving over a wet surface and imparting additional energy in the form of a saturation deficit that enhances ET in addition to the available energy fluxes.
Modifiable Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors: 10-Year Health Outcomes From a Health Promotion Program

Introduction Previous studies have examined the impact of healthy lifestyle choices on health-related outcomes; however, given their fragmented, often cross-sectional nature, assessing the relative impact of daily modifiable behaviors on overall long-term outcomes, particularly for a diverse working adult population, remains challenging. Methods Relationships between ten self-reported healthy lifestyle behaviors and health outcomes during the subsequent 9 years in a cohort of 10,248 participants enrolled during 2003 in a voluntary workplace wellness program were assessed. Cox proportional-hazards models computed hazard ratios (HRs) for lifestyle characteristics associated with time to one of seven self-reported chronic diseases or death. Data were collected between 2003 and 2012 and analyzed between 2014 and 2016. Results Behaviors that most significantly affected future outcomes were low-fat diet, aerobic exercise, nonsmoking, and adequate sleep. A dose–response effect was seen between dietary fat intake and hypertension, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia. After dietary fat intake, aerobic exercise was the next most significant behavior associated with development of outcomes. Compared with sedentary participants, those who exercised 4 days per week were less likely to develop new-onset diabetes (HR=0.31, 95% CI=0.20, 0.48); heart disease (HR=0.46, 95% CI=0.27, 0.80); and hypercholesterolemia (HR=0.61, 95% CI=0.50, 0.74). Low-fat diet and adequate sleep were more significant than commonly promoted healthy behaviors, such as eating a daily breakfast. Conclusions Modifiable lifestyle behaviors targeted in health promotion programs should be prioritized in an evidence-based manner. Top priorities for workplace health promotion should include low-fat diet, aerobic exercise, nonsmoking, and adequate sleep.
Pros and Cons of a Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Center (ASC) Versus a Hospital-Based Operating Room

A 25-year-old healthy male patient with no significant past medical history visits his doctor after a right knee injury 1 week ago. The patient says to the doctor, “I was playing basketball with my buddies last week when I heard a pop and felt a lot of pain in my knee.” After a visit to the local emergency room following the incident, the patient was told that he had a torn meniscus in his right knee and would need corrective surgery. The patient is visiting his doctor today in order to determine the next step. He asks the doctor, “Where’s the best place to go to get my knee fixed?”.
Sex Differences in Patient-Reported Poststroke Disability.

Abstract Background: Recent studies have shown that stroke has a differential impact in women compared to men. Women are more likely to survive strokes than men, yet they experience more severe strokes resulting in greater poststroke disability. However, few studies have characterized sex differences in functional ability after stroke. This study examined sex differences in long-term disability among stroke survivors. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the 2015 National Health Interview Survey. Respondents were asked to rate their ability to perform 11 functional tasks. Univariate comparisons were completed to evaluate sex differences in performance, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the odds of reporting functional limitations. Results: Five hundred fourteen men and 641 women stroke survivors completed the survey (mean age: 66.9 years). Approximately 75% of the sample reported having hypertension, 61% high cholesterol, 33% diabetes, 24% heart disease, 21% heart attack, ...
DEVELOPMENT OF SMART STRUCTURE SYSTEMS FOR HELICOPTER VIBRATION AND NOISE CONTROL

Helicopters are susceptible to high vibratory loads, excessive noise levels and poor flight stability compared to fixed-wing aircraft. The multidisciplinary nature of helicopter structures offers many opportunities for the innovative smart structure technology to improve helicopter performance. This paper provides a review of smart structures research at the National Research Council Canada for helicopter vibration and cabin noise control applications. The patented Smart Spring approach is developed to vary the blade impedance properties adaptively to reduce the vibratory hub loads transmitted to the fuselage by vibration reduction at the source. A smart gearbox strut and active structural acoustic control technologies are investigated to suppress the vibration and tonal gear meshing noise into the cabin either by modifying the vibration load transmission path, or weakening the coupling between exterior and cabin acoustic fields. Two adaptive seat mount concepts are proposed to reduce the vibration of the...
Topographies of Freedom

Vamos la saindopor esses campos foraque a manha vem vindodos lados da aurora.1As an archaeologist, I consider how the institution of slavery in the 19th century was constitutive of the modern liber...
Internal-Reflection Spectroscopy of Nonaqueous Solvent Systems: Halides in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide

Infrared spectra of several halide and pseudohalide salt solutions in liquid sulfur dioxide as well as that of the pure solvent were obtained using internal-reflection techniques. Perturbation of the solvent S-O symmetrical and asymmetrical stretch frequencies occurs in iodide, thiocyanate, and some bromide solutions. Solvation of anions in liquid sulfur dioxide is discussed in terms of a charge-transfer interaction.
De Bruijn Digraphs, Kautz Digraphs, and Their Generalizations

An interesting problem in network designs is as follows: Given natural numbers n and d, find a digraph (directed graph) with n vertices, each of which has outdegree at most d, to minimize the diameter and to maximize the connectivity. This is a multiobjective optimization problem. Usually, for such a problem, solution is selected based on tradeoff between two objective fuctions. However, for this problem, it is different; that is, there exists a solution which is optimal or nearly optimal to both. Such a solution comes from study of de Bruijn digraphs, Kautz digraphs, and their generalizations. In this chapter, we introduce and survey results on these subjects.
Chronic Pain Following Head Injury

Patients with coexistent chronic pain and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are becoming recognized as a separate subgroup of patients with unique problems. The literature supports the fact that these problems regularly occur in a significant proportion of the population and are not due to malingering or compensation issues. Diagnosis of these problems, particularly of mild TBI, is challenging, and no single test confirms the diagnosis. Treatment issues are complicated and must take into account both diagnoses.
Application of noise analysis technique for monitoring the moderator temperature coefficient of reactivity in pressurized water reactors

A new technique, based on the noise analysis of neutron detector and core-exit coolant temperature signals, is developed for monitoring the moderator temperature coefficient of reactivity in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). A detailed multinodal model is developed and evaluated for the reactor core subsystem of the loss-of-fluid test (LOFT) reactor. This model is used to study the effect of changing the sign of the moderator temperature coefficient of reactivity on the low-frequency phase angle relationship between the neutron detector and the core-exit temperature noise signals. Results show that the phase angle near zero frequency approaches - 180 deg for negative coefficients and 0 deg for positive coefficients when the perturbation source for the noise signals is core coolant flow, inlet coolant temperature, or random heat transfer.
Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy vs Medical Management Alone in Patients With Large Ischemic Cores: A Secondary Analysis of the Optimizing Patient's Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SELECT) Study.

Importance The efficacy and safety of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in patients with large ischemic cores remains unknown, to our knowledge. Objective To compare outcomes in patients with large ischemic cores treated with EVT and medical management vs medical management alone. Design, Setting, and Participants This prespecified analysis of the Optimizing Patient’s Selection for Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke (SELECT) trial, a prospective cohort study of imaging selection that was conducted in 9 US comprehensive stroke centers, enrolled patients between January 2016 and February 2018, and followed them up for 90 days. Patients with moderate to severe stroke and anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion presenting up to 24 hours from the time they were last known to be well were eligible for the cohort. Of these, patients with large ischemic cores on computed tomography (CT) (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score Exposures Endovascular thrombectomy with medical management (MM) or MM only. Main Outcomes and Measures Functional outcomes at 90 days per modified Rankin scale; safety outcomes (mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and neurological worsening). Results A total of 105 patients with large ischemic cores on either CT or CT perfusion images were included: 71 with Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Scores of 5 or less (EVT, 37; MM, 34), 74 with cores of 50 cm3or greater on CT perfusion images (EVT, 39; MM, 35), and 40 who had large cores on both CT and CT perfusion images (EVT, 14; MM, 26). The median (interquartile range) age was 66 (60-75) years; 45 patients (43%) were female. Nineteen of 62 patients (31%) who were treated with EVT achieved functional independence (modified Rankin Scale scores, 0-2) vs 6 of 43 patients (14%) treated with MM only (odds ratio [OR], 3.27 [95% CI, 1.11-9.62];P = .03). Also, EVT was associated with better functional outcomes (common OR, 2.12 [95% CI, 1.05-4.31];P = .04), less infarct growth (44 vs 98 mL;P = .006), and smaller final infarct volume (97 vs 190 mL;P = .001) than MM. In the odds of functional independence, there was a 42% reduction per 10-cm3increase in core volume (adjusted OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.39-0.87];P = .007) and a 40% reduction per hour of treatment delay (adjusted OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.36-0.99];P = .045). Of 10 patients who had EVT with core volumes greater than 100 cm3, none had a favorable outcome. Conclusions and Relevance Although the odds of good outcomes for patients with large cores who receive EVT markedly decline with increasing core size and time to treatment, these data suggest potential benefits. Randomized clinical trials are needed.
Mining and genomic characterization of resistance to tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), and Fusarium head blight in Watkins core collection of wheat landraces

In the late 1920s, A. E. Watkins collected about 7000 landrace cultivars (LCs) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from 32 different countries around the world. Among which 826 LCs remain viable and could be a valuable source of superior/favorable alleles to enhance disease resistance in wheat. In the present study, a core set of 121 LCs, which captures the majority of the genetic diversity of Watkins collection, was evaluated for identifying novel sources of resistance against tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB), and Fusarium Head Blight (FHB). A diverse response was observed in 121 LCs for all three diseases. The majority of LCs were moderately susceptible to susceptible to tan spot Ptr race 1 (84%) and FHB (96%) whereas a large number of LCs were resistant or moderately resistant against tan spot Ptr race 5 (95%) and SNB (54%). Thirteen LCs were identified in this study could be a valuable source for multiple resistance to tan spot Ptr races 1 and 5, and SNB, and another five LCs could be a potential source for FHB resistance. GWAS analysis was carried out using disease phenotyping score and 8807 SNPs data of 118 LCs, which identified 30 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) with -log10 (p-value) > 3.0. Ten, five, and five genomic regions were found to be associated with resistance to tan spot Ptr race 1, race 5, and SNB, respectively in this study. In addition to Tsn1, several novel genomic regions Q.Ts1.sdsu-4BS and Q.Ts1.sdsu-5BS (tan spot Ptr race 1) and Q.Ts5.sdsu-1BL, Q.Ts5.sdsu-2DL, Q.Ts5.sdsu-3AL, and Q.Ts5.sdsu-6BL (tan spot Ptr race 5) were also identified. Our results indicate that these putative genomic regions contain several genes that play an important role in plant defense mechanisms. Our results suggest the existence of valuable resistant alleles against leaf spot diseases in Watkins LCs. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers linked to the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for tan spot and SNB resistance along with LCs harboring multiple disease resistance could be useful for future wheat breeding.
Prognostic factors following complete resection of non-superior sulcus lung cancer invading the chest wall.

OBJECTIVES Locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with chest wall invasion carries a high risk of recurrence and portends poor survival (30-40% and 20-50%, respectively). No studies have identified prognostic factors in patients who underwent R0 resection for non-superior sulcus NSCLC. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted for all chest wall resections for NSCLC from 2004 to 2018. Patients with superior sulcus tumours, partial (<1 rib) or incomplete (R1/R2) resection or distant metastasis were excluded. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to determine factors associated with DFS and OS. RESULTS A total of 100 patients met inclusion criteria. Seventy-three (73%) patients underwent induction therapy, and all but 12 (16%) patients experienced a partial radiological response. A median of 3 ribs was resected (range 1-7), and 67 (67%) patients underwent chest wall reconstruction. The 5-year DFS and OS were 36% and 45%, respectively. Pathological N2 status [hazard ratio (HR) 3.12, confidence interval (CI) 1.56-6.25; P = 0.001], intraoperative blood transfusion (HR 2.24, CI 1.28-3.92; P = 0.005) and preoperative forced vital capacity (per % forced vital capacity, HR 0.97, CI 0.96-0.99; P = 0.013) were associated with DFS. Increasing pathological stage, lack of radiological response to induction therapy (HR 7.35, CI 2.35-22.99; P = 0.001) and cardiovascular comorbidity (HR 2.43, CI 1.36-4.36; P = 0.003) were associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that blood transfusion and forced vital capacity are associated with DFS after R0 resection for non-superior sulcus NSCLC, while radiological response to induction therapy greatly influences OS. We confirm that pathological nodal status and pathological stage are reproducible determinants of DFS and OS, respectively.
Biomechanical regulation of endothelial function in atherosclerosis

Abstract Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that is the underlying cause of heart attacks, ischemic strokes, and peripheral artery disease. Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in curved and branching regions of the vasculature where endothelial cells experience low-magnitude and oscillatory shear stress from disturbed blood flow. Atherosclerosis rarely occurs in straight, unbranched regions of the vasculature where endothelial cells experience high-magnitude, unidirectional shear stress from stable blood flow. Disturbed flow induces proatherogenic endothelial responses, while stable flow triggers atheroprotective changes. In this review, we summarize the ways in which endothelial cells detect shear stress from blood flow, transmit these mechanical signals within the cell, and alter endothelial function by differentially expressing proteins, epigenetic modifiers, and noncoding RNAs in response to disturbed and stable flow. We then review major endothelial functions regulated by flow, such as inflammation and endothelial to mesenchymal transition. Finally, we describe flow-sensitive proteins, such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and Kruppel-like factor 2 and 4, epigenetic modifiers, such as DNA methyl transferases and histone deacetylases, as well as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. A thorough understanding of the ways by which disturbed blood flow alters endothelial function to promote atherosclerosis will help to identify novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of this perilous disease.
Chinese investment in the Brazilian soybean sector: Navigating relations of private governance

This paper examines how Chinese agribusiness firms are engaging with established systems of private governance in the Brazilian soybean sector and how that engagement is variously accommodated, contested, and configured by local realities that reflect the uneven history of transnational agribusiness development across the Brazilian agro‐export region. Using qualitative data collected at three research sites that represent different historical moments in the Brazilian agro‐export region (Mato Grosso, Goias, and Bahia), the paper argues that the social structures underlying the particular agrarian histories of these three subregions create unique contexts Chinese firms must navigate, which in turn shapes their engagement with the private agribusiness regime across space. Although the private agribusiness regime is often portrayed as a top‐down system of governance that subjugates the polity to the demands of capital, this framing neglects to understand how that system of power is contested, negotiated, and reshaped on the ground. These three cases serve to historicize the uneven penetration of Chinese firms across the Brazilian soybean sector.
Paying a Price Twice: Dose-Dependent Effects of Treg Cell-Derived TGF- β on Tolerance

Summary Although many immune cells can secrete TGF-β, whether all sources of TGF-β are functionally equivalent is unknown. In this issue, Turner et al. uncover the importance of T regulatory (Treg) cell-intrinsic Tgfb1 gene dose in the prevention of autoimmunity and allergic disease.
A Review of Cultural Influences on Risk for HIV and Culturally-Responsive Risk Mitigation Strategies Among African Immigrants in the US

There is a paucity of research on HIV risk factors and risk reduction among African immigrants living in the US. This is despite the fact that the literature on HIV prevention and treatment continues to grow. We conducted a focused review to identify cultural factors contributing to the high incidence of HIV among African immigrants and best practices to increase engagement in HIV prevention services in this population. We conducted a search for empirical research published between 2009 and 2019, yielding 17 relevant studies with 16 unique samples. Inadequate knowledge about HIV transmission, low HIV risk perception, and stigma may be barriers to engaging in HIV prevention. Targeted interventions included bundled HIV testing, flexible scheduling, and involvement of community leaders in intervention planning and implementation. Implications for practice and directions for future research among this population are discussed.
The audiologist's role in university hearing conservation programs: Gaps and opportunities in U.S. universities.

Introduction: All universities that meet state and/or federal requirements for employees’ noise exposure must have a hearing conservation program (HCP). Universities with HCPs and Doctor of Audiology (AuD) programs could reap a range of benefits from interprofessional collaboration between these programs, including enhanced learning opportunities for AuD students; however, it is unclear whether this collaboration occurs consistently in different university settings. Despite a relatively robust literature around occupational audiology and the audiologist’s role in hearing conservation in general, few studies examine this subject in the university setting. Aim: This study seeks to provide insights into the role of the university audiologists in university HCPs that could help inform further exploration and potential pilot studies to enhance university-based occupational HCPs, ultimately supporting more rigorous professional training in occupational audiology in AuD programs. Method: This study’s primary method was a survey questionnaire delivered to audiologists at U.S. universities. Survey questions explored university audiologists’ role, involvement with their universities’ HCPs, and benefits and barriers to collaboration with the HCPs. Results: The results indicate that although audiologists report that they have participated in hearing conservation generally at their universities, the majority of respondents were not actively involved with occupational HCPs. Conclusion: Further research is needed to understand how university HCPs are managed and how effective they are. With greater awareness of audiologists’ contributions to university HCPs, their role in this important workplace program could merit expansion.
Monetary and Economic Policy Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United Kingdom

What impact will digital apps and digital technologies play in facilitating social distancing measures in the coming months? Given the ongoing situation at hand, is a situation likely to arise whereby fiscal incentives and objectives are prioritized above inflation targets, and more precisely, monetary policy objectives? It is surely the case that where adequate safeguards are in place, to ensure that accountability mechanisms operate to avoid a compromise of the central bank’s independence, then inflation targets can still be achieved. However, where unprecedented measures need to be taken in response to unprecedented developments, can this still hold true? These amongst other questions, constitutes objectives which this paper aims to address
Examination of teacher formative assessment self-efficacy development across a professional learning experience

In this study, in the United States, the authors used multilevel growth modeling to examine the impact of an intensive, year-long professional development program on teacher self-efficacy for forma...
Erotic desire as a woman’s way of knowing the divine: reading Arishima Taeko, A Certain Woman

This article examines a Japanese novel written by Arishima Takeo, A Certain Woman (first published in Japanese in 1919), in order to explore women’s ways of knowing, focusing on the body and erotic desire as a locus where the human–God relationship is embodied. This novel shows a way of knowing the Divine beyond language and the sanitized notion of love, describing the life of a modern Japanese Christian woman who refuses both Japanese colonial woman-hood and Christian (Victorian) sexual ethics. Depicting the divine presence in the protagonist’s promiscuous and stigmatized body, Arishima asks theological questions about the role of eros and violence in the pursuit of God, and seeks radically free God and humans who may go beyond any existing boundaries.
Cancer-associated keratinocytes: new members of the microenvironment in head and neck cancer.

The tumor microenvironment is a complex ecosystem of malignant and nonmalignant cells and extracellular proteins that work together to enhance tumor progression. We identified a mechanism in which ...
The photon exhibits dualism, constant velocity and nonlocality: What do they have in common?

Abstract The photon is typically regarded as a unitary object that is both particle-discrete and wave-continuous. This is a paradoxical position and we live with it by making dualism a fundamental feature of radiation. It is argued here that the photon is not unitary; rather it has two identities, one supporting discrete behavior and the other supporting continuous (wave) behavior. There is photon kinetic energy that is always discrete/localized on arrival; it never splits (on half-silvered mirrors) or diffracts (in pinholes or slits). Then there is the photon’s probability wavefront that is continuous and diffractable. Acknowledging that the photon has two identities explains the photon’s dual nature. And wave-particle duality is central to quantum mechanics. Understanding it leads to new insights into the photon’s constant velocity and its entanglement with another photon.
A Fault Tolerant Modulation Scheme to Eliminate DC Offset and Harmonic Fault Currents in the Balanced Inverter Under Switch Short-Circuits Faults

The objective of this research is to investigate a new modulation scheme for balanced voltage-source inverters to suppress the DC offset in phase currents when switch short-circuit faults occur. Because of its superior common-mode voltage cancellation capability, the balanced VSI is an excellent topology for mitigating electromagnetic interference (EMI), especially in power converters using wide-bandgap (WBG) power semiconductors. In addition, the balanced inverter topology offers valuable opportunities for fault-tolerant operation. When a switch fails as a short circuit, significant amounts of DC offset currents are induced in the phase currents if the baseline switching algorithm is not changed, risking damage to other healthy switches and inverter loads such as electric machines. A new modulation scheme is proposed for eliminating the DC offset currents while maintaining the balanced inverter’s power conversion capability. This new algorithm enhances the balanced inverter’s appeal by expanding its operating range to include fault-mode conditions with switch short-circuit faults.
Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue : Instruction manual (instead of an analysis)

Suddenly an idea occurred to me. There had been so much talk about the limitations of jazz, not to speak of the manifest misunderstanding of its function. Jazz, they said, had to be in strict time. It had to cling to dance rhythms. I resolved, if possible, to kill the misconception with one sturdy blow. Inspired by this aim, I set to work composing. I had no set plan, no structure to which my music must conform. The Rhapsody , you see, began as a purpose, not a plan. I worked out a few themes, but just at this time I had to appear in Boston for the premiere of Sweet Little Devil. It was on the train, with its steely rhythms, its rattlety-bang that is often so stimulating to a composer (I frequently hear music in the very heart of noise), that I suddenly heard - even saw on paper - the complete construction of the Rhapsody, from beginning to end. … No new themes came to me, but I worked on the thematic material already in my mind, and tried to conceive the composition as a whole. I heard it as sort of a musical kaleidoscope of America - of our vast melting pot, of our incomparable national pep, our blues, our metropolitan madness. By the time I reached Boston I had a definite plot of the piece, as distinguished from its actual substance.[…]
The incremental risk of female sex in heart transplantation: A multiinstitutional study of peripartum cardiomyopathy and pregnancy

Background: Controversy remains regarding the reason females seem to be at increased risk for rejection after heart transplantation. Therefore this study was performed to define the effect of a pretransplantation diagnosis of peripartum cardiomyopathy and the effect of previous pregnancy on the outcome (incidence of rejection and death) of females after heart transplantation. Methods: In this multiinstitutional study of 3244 adult (greater than 13 years of age) heart transplant recipients, (a) the outcome of 40 females who underwent transplantation for peripartum cardiomyopathy was compared with that of 200 females of childbearing age (13 to 45 years) who underwent transplantation for other indications and (b) the posttransplantation outcome of 543 females with a history of pregnancy was compared with that of 101 nulliparous adult females and 2562 adult males. Results: The posttransplantation outcome of females with a history of peripartum cardiomyopathy was similar to that of females of childbearing age who underwent transplantation for other indications. However, parous females had a significantly shorter time to first rejection (p < 0.0001) and greater cumulative rejection than nulliparous females or males. By multivariable analysis, the risk factors for cumulative rejection at 1 year were a history of pregnancy (p < 0.0001), younger recipient age (p < 0.0001), induction therapy (p < 0.0001), and the number of human leukocyte antigen-DR mismatches (p = 0.007). Conclusion: Our data suggest that it is previous pregnancy, and not sex per se, that is associated with an increased frequency of rejection in females after heart transplantation.
Cftr and ENaC ion channels mediate NaCl absorption in the mouse submandibular gland.

Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in CFTR, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene. Disruption of CFTR-mediated anion conductance results in defective fluid and electrolyte movement in the epithelial cells of organs such as the pancreas, airways and sweat glands, but the function of CFTR in salivary glands is unclear. Salivary gland acinar cells produce an isotonic, plasma-like fluid, which is subsequently modified by the ducts to produce a hypotonic, NaCl-depleted final saliva. In the present study we investigated whether submandibular salivary glands (SMGs) in ΔF508 mice (CftrΔF/ΔF) display ion transport defects characteristic of cystic fibrosis in other tissues. Immunolocalization and whole-cell recordings demonstrated that Cftr and the epithelial Na+ (ENaC) channels are co-expressed in the apical membrane of submandibular duct cells, consistent with the significantly higher saliva [NaCl] observed in vivo in CftrΔF/ΔF mice. In contrast, Cftr and ENaC channels were not detected in acinar cells, nor was saliva production affected in CftrΔF/ΔF mice, implying that Cftr contributes little to the fluid secretion process in the mouse SMG. To identify the source of the NaCl absorption defect in CftrΔF/ΔF mice, saliva was collected from ex vivo perfused SMGs. CftrΔF/ΔF glands secreted saliva with significantly increased [NaCl]. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of either Cftr or ENaC in the ex vivo SMGs mimicked the CftrΔF/ΔF phenotype. In summary, our results demonstrate that NaCl absorption requires and is likely to be mediated by functionally dependent Cftr and ENaC channels localized to the apical membranes of mouse salivary gland duct cells.
Mathematical modeling of circadian cortisol concentrations using indirect response models: comparison of several methods.

Six mathematical functions to describe the chronobiology of cortisol concentrations were assessed. Mean data from a dose-proportionality study of inhaled fluticasone propionate were fitted with an indirect response model using various biorhythmic functions (single cosine, dual ramps, dual zero-order, dual cosines, and Fourier series with 2 and n-harmonics) for production rate. Data with known parameters and random variation were also generated and fitted using the ADAPT II program. Fitted parameters, model estimation criteria, and runs tests were compared. Models with preassigned functions: the dual ramps, the dual zero-order and the dual cosines provide maximum and minimum times for cortisol release rate, were suitable for describing asymmetric circadian patterns and yielding IC50values. Fourier analysis differs from the other methods in that it uses the placebo data to recover equations for cortisol secretion rate rather than by postulation. Nonlinear regression for Fourier analysis, instead of the L2-norm method, was useful to characterize the baseline cortisol data but was restricted to a maximum of two harmonics. Apart from the single cosine function, which predicts symmetrical cortisol concentrations, all methods were satisfactory in describing the baseline and suppressed cortisol concentrations. On the other hand, Fourier series with L2-norm produced the best unbiased estimate for baseline patterns. The Fourier method is flexible, accurate, and can be extended to other drug-induced changes in normal periodic rhythms.
Synthesis of C18- and C20-Dihydrosphingosines, Ketodihydrosphingosines, and Ceramides by Microsomal Preparations from Mouse Brain

Abstract Microsomal preparations from mouse brain were found to synthesize 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (2-amino-1-hydroxy-octadecan-3-one) from l-serine and palmitoyl coenzyme A. The reaction appeared to require pyridoxal phosphate but no metal ion. In the presence of TPNH the major sphingolipid product was dihydrosphingosine; smaller amounts of N-acyldihydrosphingosine and N-acylsphingosine were also found. The kinetics of utilization of 14C-palmitoyl-CoA indicated that accumulation of dihydrosphingosine was followed by acylation to form the ceramide. Sphingosine, which was not accumulated in detectable amounts, was apparently acylated much more rapidly. Stearoyl-CoA also reacted, producing the corresponding C20-sphingolipids, but oleoyl-CoA and lignoceroyl-CoA were inactive. At the optimal acyl-CoA concentration, stearoyl-CoA was less than half as effective as palmitoyl-CoA in the formation of ketodihydrosphingosine. The various labeled sphingolipids formed were separated by thin layer chromatography in several systems and identified by radioautography; acetyl and dinitrophenyl derivatives were also chromatographed. Of particular value was the use of borate-containing thin layer plates, which effectively separated fatty acyl sphingosine from fatty acyl dihydrosphingosine.
Nance-Horan syndrome: localization within the region Xp21.1-Xp22.3 by linkage analysis.

Nance-Horan Syndrome (NHS) or X-linked cataract-dental syndrome (MIM 302350) is a disease of unknown pathogenesis characterized by congenital cataracts and dental anomalies. We performed linkage analysis in three kindreds with NHS by using six RFLP markers between Xp11.3 and Xp22.3. Close linkage was found between NHS and polymorphic loci DXS43 (theta = 0 with lod score 2.89), DXS41 (theta = 0 with lod score 3.44), and DXS67 (theta = 0 with lod score 2.74), defined by probes pD2, p99-6, and pB24, respectively. Recombinations were found with the marker loci DXS84 (theta = .04 with lod score 4.13), DXS143 (theta = .06 with lod score 3.11) and DXS7 (theta = .09 with lod score 1.68). Multipoint linkage analysis determined the NHS locus to be linked completely to DXS41 (lod score = 7.07). Our linkage results, combined with analysis of Xp interstitial deletions, suggest that the NHS locus is located within or close to the Xp22.1-Xp22.2 region.
Emergent markets for orbit spectrum assignments: An idea whose time has come

Abstract Market-type forces increasingly appear in contests for space satellite frequencies and positions in the geostationary orbit. This article examines the latest moves of advanced satellite companies to gain access to the orbit spectrum by the help of other countries. Company mergers to combine transponder capacity with transmission rights are also examined. The author discusses the buying and selling of terrestrial spectrum and orbital broadcast slots, with particular reference to the US and UK markets.
dFatp regulates nutrient distribution and long‐term physiology in Drosophila

Summary Nutrient allocation and usage plays an important part in regulating the onset and progression of age-related functional declines. Here, we describe a heterozygous mutation in Drosophila (dFatp) that alters nutrient distribution and multiple aspects of physiology. dFatp mutants have increased lifespan and stress resistance, altered feeding behavior and fat storage, and increased mobility. Concurrently, mutants experience impairment of cardiac function. We show that endurance exercise reverses increased lipid storage in the myocardium and the deleterious cardiac function conferred by dFatp mutation. These findings establish a novel conserved genetic target for regulating lifespan and physiology in aging animals.Thesefindingsalso highlight the importance ofvaryingexercise conditions in assessing aging functions of model organisms.
Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

The applications of graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides in electronics are limited by their zero-bandgap and low mobility, respectively. Here, the authors demonstrate the potential of an emerging layered material—black phosphorous—for thin film electronics and infrared optoelectronics.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana Promoted by the Wuschel Homeodomain Protein

Somatic embryogenesis is a unique pathway for asexual propagation or somatic cloning in plants. The developmental process of somatic embryogenesis shares considerable similarity with that of zygotic embryogenesis, and this is likely due to the conservation in the underpinning cellular and molecular mechanisms between the two processes. Therefore, somatic embryogenesis provides an attractive model system for studying zygotic embryogenesis, particularly because zygotic embryos are encased by maternal tissues and difficult to access by biochemical and molecular tools. Moreover, in biotechnological applications, most economically important crop as well as non-crop plants are regenerated via somatic embryogenesis. In contrast to organogenesis, which requires a high cytokinin to auxin ratio, somatic embryogenesis does not require any external cytokinins, but rather is dependent on high concentrations of 2,4-D, a synthetic chemical that has long been used as a functional analog of auxin. It is generally believed that somatic embryogenesis is mediated by a signaling cascade triggered by external auxin or 2,4-D. However, the signal transduction pathway, particularly the molecular mechanism involved in the transition of a vegetative cell to an embryogenic competent cell, remains largely unexplored.
Chromosome aberrations in XO-XY mosaic individuals and their fathers.

Abstract Three individuals with XO/XY mosaicism, not previously described, constitute the basis of this report. Chromosome analysis was performed on leukocyte, skin, and gonad cell cultures. A Y chromosome with peculiar morphology was identified in the karyotypes of 2 of the patients as well as in their fathers. A cell line possessing a centric fragment rather than a Y chromosome was present in the gonad culture of one of these patients. The third patient and her father had a Y chromosome that appeared normal; both, however, were found to have cells with various karyotype abnormalities. The relationship of these chromosomal findings to the etiology of mosaicism is discussed. In addition, other cases of XO/XY mosaicism are reviewed in an attempt to correlate the gonadal karyotype and histology with phenotype.