cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Economic History and Old Age

5,Xlhen several excellent articles dealing with a similar theme are VYT independently submitted to a journal, this is highly suggestive of emerging attention being give to a particular topic. Thus the simultaneous appearance of three articles on old age indicates that economic historians have begun to follow the recent interests of historians and economists in the study of attitudes and policies towards the aged as well as in the savings and spending patterns, health, and labor force participation of the older population. Of course, a scholarly as well as a policy interest in old age is not completely new, because several of these issues had earlier arisen, most particularly in the debates surrounding the introduction of social security in the 1930s, as well as in earlier policy debates at the state level. In these debates, considerable attention was given to the economic position of the elderly, whether due to limited labor force participation or low incomes, and to the need for support and aid to remove some of the tarnish from the so-called "golden years." These problems were seen to be aggravated by the then increasing share of the population in the older age groups, a pattern that had a considerably longer past and was to continue into future years. Similarly, discussions of the behavior of the aged were not then, nor are they now, to be seen as an isolated topic, for they obviously relate to a number of other issues of historical and economic interest, including the impact on savings rates and economic growth, human capital formation in the form of improved health and increased life expectation, and the links of age, unemployment, and retirement in influencing macroeconomic policy.
Chemosterilizing Activity and Toxicity of P,P-Bis(1-aziridinyl)-N-methyl-phosphinic Amide and P,P-Bis (1-aziridinyl) -N-(3-methoxypropyl)-phosphinothioic Amide Against the House Fly

Evaluation of P,P -bis (1-aziridinyl)- N -methylphosphinic amide and P,P -bis (1-aziridinyl)- N -(3-methoxypropyl)-Phosphinothioic amide for chemosterilant activity was made by feeding treated diet to adult house flies, Musca domestica L. Sterility was obtained without excessive mortality, males were found to be more affected than females at the same dosage rate, and males treated with phosphinic amide were competitive with non treated males of the same age for virgin females. Males treated with phosphinothioic amide recovered from the initial treatment, and 4 days later they were aggressive and competitive with non treated males. Permanency of sterility was not complete, but egg hatch 3 weeks after treatment was low in insects which received either compound. Longevity was normal for males fed treated diets, female life span was 4-6 days less than normal. Both materials were effective in reducing egg hatch when fed to gravid female flies. Egg production was reduced and percent hatch was low. When offered free choice with nontreated check diet, both materials were effective in reducing egg hatch. Phosphinic amide was very effective in controlling reproduction when fed free choice to a large population of flies of mixed ages. This treatment completely eliminated the population in 4 weeks.
A Comparison of the Proportion of Component Parts of Bobwhite and Coturnix Eggs

Abstract IN PERUSING the literature, little information could be found concerning the proportion of component parts of the Coturnix egg and even less concerning the Bobwhite egg. The present study was undertaken to determine the relative proportions of yolk, albumen, shell and shell membranes in eggs of both of these species. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE A total of 115 Bobwhite quail eggs and 119 Coturnix quail eggs were used in a study to determine the relative proportions of the component parts of the eggs of these two species. The Bobwhite eggs were produced by 37 birds housed in individual cages and in their second and third years of egg production. The Coturnix eggs were produced by two groups of Coturnix consisting of approximately 20 females per group. The Coturnix were housed in a Petersime Starting Battery and had been in egg production for approximately two months. All birds received the same ration (25.66% . . .
Evaluating reusable class libraries (abstract)

Object-oriented technology not only affects the way we design individual applications, it holds the potential of ushering in the software industrial revolution. A key to the success of object technology is the widespread availability of high quality class libraries. These class libraries are the re-usable parts of the software industry.This tutorial teaches how to evaluate object-oriented libraries. The same criteria can be used for selecting commercial libraries or for designing libraries for use in-house. The tutorial also describes practical criteria for specifying and cataloging in-house corporate software libraries. In addition to these technical criteria, the tutorial also shows you the corporate infrastructure that is necessary for enabling large scale reuse.
The design of a friction compensation control architecture for a heavy lift precision manipulator in contact with the environment

Joint friction is a major obstacle in heavy-lift precision manipulator performance. Friction compensation is vital to the performance of these manipulators. This paper presents a friction compensation architecture for a six degree-of-freedom heavy lift manipulator which utilizes sensor-based compensation in some joints, and a combination of adaptive, and model-based compensation in the remaining joints. The adaptive approach is used when the manipulator is not in contact with the environment, and the model-based compensation is used when the manipulator or its payload nears the environment. The parameters of the model-based approach are updated by the adaptive compensation during the non-contact phase of the task. This approach is validated in simulation
Localized Anisotropic Transmissivity in a Karst Aquifer

Maps of cave passageways in the outcrop area of the uplifted Madison Limestone in the Black Hills, South Dakota, show that principal cavern development is oriented in the major direction of ground-water flow, roughly radial to the Black Hills. Fracture-trace analysis and measuremnt of joints in the Wind Cave area show that these orientations coincide with cave passageways. Aquifer testing at Rapid City indicates that a local principal transmissivity tensor is oriented in the direction of cave development and along the strikes of bedding-plane fractures. This indicates that much of the permeability of the Madison aquifer is modern karst (post-Laramide-Orogeny). From the above, we conclude that a localized anisotropic permeability (principal direction of transmissivity) is developed by ground water flowing through fractures, dissolving the rock, and producing dissolution-enhanced conduits along the direction of ground-water flow. This localized principal direction of transmissivity can be deduced from analysis of the potentiometric surface, stream-aquifer hydrographs, mapped cave passageways, aquifer tests, fracture traces, and measurements of joints in the field.
The Strength of Ten Structural Adhesives at Temperatures Down to -424°F

The objective of this research was to evaluate several structural adhesives at low temperatures.
Synthesis of MMP inhibitor radiotracer [11C]CGS 25966, a new potential pet tumor imaging agent

[11C]CGS 25966, a novel radiolabeled matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, has been synthesized for evaluation as new potential positron emission tomography (PET) tumor imaging agent. The precursor was labeled by [11C]methyl triflate through O-[11C]methylation method at the hydroxyl position of phenol under basic conditions and isolated by HPLC purification to produce pure target compound in 15–25% radiochemical yield, based on 11CO2, decay corrected to end of bombardment. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Southern Culture of Violence and Homicide-Type Differentiation: An Analysis Across Cities and Time Points:

Extant research testing the Southern culture of violence theory has not fully investigated the logical implications of the theoretical mechanisms asserted to be at work. This analysis builds on prior research by examining the effects of a widely used measure of Southern cultural influence on homicide-type differentiation across cities and over time. Specifically, we examine whether the measure of Southern cultural influence is more likely to generate argument or conflict homicides than other types and whether the Southern influence has been diminishing over time.The results of multilevel latent variable models of homicide-type differentiation for 1980, 1990, and 2000 suggest that the Southern cultural influence does contribute to differentiation toward more argument homicides relative to other types. Relative to felony homicides, the data indicate this pattern has been easing off over time, but relative to drug and gang homicides, it has not.
THE FORMATION AND STABILIZATION OF AN ADAPTIVE ENZYME IN THE ABSENCE OF ITS SUBSTRATE

It is shown that various substrates accelerate the disappearance of an adaptive enzyme when its own substrate has been removed from the medium. The order of effectiveness of such substrates appears to be connected with their chemical similarity to the adaptive substrate. It is shown that two conditions which are able to inhibit the formation of adaptive enzymes—anaerobiosis and the presence of sodium azide—are equally able to prevent the disappearance of an adaptive enzyme after the removal of its substrate. Finally, it is shown that rapidly growing cultures, under optimal conditions for synthetic activity, are able to maintain and even appreciably to increase their initial content of an adaptive enzyme, in the absence of its specific substrate and in the presence of a normally competitive substrate. In the light of these results, the three major theories of enzyme formation hitherto proposed are evaluated.
Soil nitrogen levels are linked to decomposition enzyme activities along an urban-remote tropical forest gradient

Abstract Urban areas in tropical regions are expanding rapidly, with significant potential to affect local ecosystem dynamics. In particular, nitrogen (N) availability may increase in urban-proximate forests because of atmospheric N deposition. Unlike temperate forests, many tropical forests on highly weathered soils have high background N availability, so plant growth is unlikely to respond to increased N inputs. However, microbial activity and decomposition of carbon-rich plant tissue can respond positively to added N in these forests, as has been observed in a growing number of fertilization studies. The relevance of these controlled studies to landscape-scale dynamics in urban-proximate moist tropical forests requires further investigation. I used ten forest stands in three watersheds along an urban-remote gradient in Puerto Rico to test the hypotheses that urban activity has a positive effect on soil N availability, and that decomposition enzyme activities vary with soil N. I found that mineral N, total dissolved N (TDN), and ammonium:nitrate (NH 4 + :NO 3 − ) ratios varied by nearly one order of magnitude across the urban-remote gradient, and variability among urban sites was high. On average, urban forests had higher soil NO 3 − , lower NH 4 + , and lower C:N values than remote forests, suggesting high nitrification rates and/or external inputs of NO 3 − to the urban forests, and enrichment in N relative to C. Total mineral N and total dissolved N were positively correlated with the activities of enzymes that acquire carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) from organic matter. Across this gradient soil N levels were stronger predictors of enzyme activities than soil C or pH, which drive enzyme activities globally. The ratio of NH 4 + :NO 3 − was the strongest predictor of oxidative enzyme activities. Compared to global averages, ratios of C:N:P enzyme activities across these tropical forests indicated lower relative N-acquisition and higher relative P-acquisition, with N-acquisition lowest in the urban watershed, and P-acquisition highest in the upper-elevation remote watershed. These results suggest a strong urban effect on forest soil N levels, and show a link between changes in N availability and microbial processing of soil organic matter.
Object Substitution Masking Interferes With Semantic Processing Evidence From Event-Related Potentials

Object substitution masking (OSM) refers to impaired target identification caused by common onset, but delayed offset, of a surrounding dot mask. This effect has been hypothesized to reflect reentrant processes that result in the mask replacing the target representation. However, little is known about the depth of processing associated with masked targets in this paradigm. We investigated this issue by examining the effect of OSM on the N400 component of the event-related potential, which reflects the degree of semantic mismatch between a target and its context. Participants read a context word followed by a semantically related or unrelated target word surrounded by dots. As expected, delayed dot offset significantly reduced accuracy in identifying the target. The N400 amplitude was also diminished by OSM. These findings offer the first evidence that substitution interferes with target processing prior to semantic analysis, demonstrating an important difference between OSM and other visual phenomena, suc...
Brain natriuretic peptide as a marker for heart disease in pregnancy

ETOI GARRISON (F), JUDITH HIBBARD, LAURA STUDEE, DEIDRA FONTANA, SARAH KILPATRICK, JOAN BRILLER, University of Illinois at Chicago, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chicago, Illinois, University of Illinois at Chicago, Cardiology, Chicago, Illinois OBJECTIVE: Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) is secreted by the heart in response to ventricular stretch and volume overload. While BNP has been demonstrated to be a sensitive marker for left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) in the nonpregnant population, little is known of its utility in pregnancy. We evaluated the association between BNP and LVD during pregnancy in 39 women referred to a cardiology practice from 2003-2005. STUDY DESIGN: All women presented during pregnancy or postpartum with clinical findings suggestive of decompensated cardiac disease, including dyspnea, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, chest pain, and history of cardiac disease.Echocardiography andBNPwere obtained in all patients for clinical indications. Ejection fraction was determined by an experienced echocardiographer and categorized as normal, mild (EF=40-50%), moderate (EF=30-40%), or severely depressed (EF! 30%). Differences between continuous variables were calculated using mean G S. E. Categorical data was analyzed by Chi Square or Fisher’s Exact Test, p!0.05 was considered significant. Regression analysis was used to determine the association between variables. RESULTS: There was a significant association between mild to severe LVD and BNP level [R 0.538, p!0.005]. BNP O100 pg/ml had a sensitivity of 72.7%, specificity of 32.1%, positive predictive value of 47%, and a negative predictive value of 86% for mild to severe LVD. Those diagnosed with acute cardiac decompensation (ACD) (n=9) had significantly higher mean BNP on initial presentation (730.5 pg/ml G 53.7) compared to those without (81.5 pg/ml G 14.7, p!0.05). There was no significant association between mild to severe LVD and BNP O 100 pg/ml in those patients without ACD [OR 1.50, 95% CI 0.14-14.9]. Causes of acute cardiac decompensation included peripartum cardiomyopathy (n= 5), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (n=2), valvular heart disease (n=1), and non ST elevation MI (n=1). CONCLUSION: BNP may be useful in identifying acute cardiac decompensation in symptomatic women during pregnancy.
A novel compact dual-band half-mode substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter

This paper presents a novel dual-band bandpass filter (BPF) using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technology for the first time. The proposed filter is at least six times smaller than its conventional substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) counterpart with similar filter specifications. A three-pole dual-band Chebyshev BPF with center frequencies of 1.05 GHz and 1.3 GHz is designed and implemented on RT/Duroid 6010LM substrate. The measured insertion losses are 1.7 and 1.8 dB and return loss is better than 12 dB for each passband. A notch at 1.14 GHz with rejection level of 50 dB provides excellent frequency separation between filter passbands. A transmission zero at 1.681 GHz provides a rejection level greater than 70 dB in close vicinity of the higher filter passband. Absence of even order resonances gives a rejection level greater than 40 dB from 1.45–2.71 GHz. To our knowledge, this filter is the state-of-the-art in dual-band BPFs using SIW technology.
Probing the role of the hydroxyl group of ABA : Analogues with a methyl ether at C-1

Abstract (+)-( S )- and (−)-( R )-C-1′- O -methyl abscisic acids and their methyl esters, as well as the methyl ethers of the acetylenic analogue of methyl ABA, were synthesized through an enantioselective route, giving a series of optically active, new C-1′ substituted analogues with known stereochemistry. In a wheat embryo germination inhibition assay, (−)-C-1′- O -methyl ABA shows high activity, comparable with (+)- and (−)-ABA, whereas (+)-C-1′- O -methyl ABA is less active. In a wheat seedling transpiration assay, both analogues exhibit weak activity although the (+)-ABA-like analogue is more potent than its enantiomer. The anti-transpirant response increases over time, which may indicate that the analogue is being metabolized to ABA in vivo .
Sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

The presumption that sensory information does not arise from white adipose tissue was reevaluated using the neuroanatomical tracer, "true blue." Fluorescent cell bodies were observed in dorsal root ganglia of rats after tracer was implanted into inguinal or dorsal subcutaneous fat depots. Sensory information from adipose tissue may play an important role in the regulation of regional and total body fat mass.
Glycosylation of a Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan-Protein (SOS5) Mediates Root Growth and Seed Mucilage Adherence via a Cell Wall Receptor-Like Kinase (FEI1/FEI2) Pathway in Arabidopsis

Fundamental processes that underpin plant growth and development depend crucially on the action and assembly of the cell wall, a dynamic structure that changes in response to both developmental and environmental cues. While much is known about cell wall structure and biosynthesis, much less is known about the functions of the individual wall components, particularly with respect to their potential roles in cellular signaling. Loss-of-function mutants of two arabinogalactan-protein (AGP)-specific galactosyltransferases namely, GALT2 and GALT5, confer pleiotropic growth and development phenotypes indicating the important contributions of carbohydrate moieties towards AGP function. Notably, galt2galt5 double mutants displayed impaired root growth and root tip swelling in response to salt, likely as a result of decreased cellulose synthesis. These mutants phenocopy a salt-overly sensitive mutant called sos5, which lacks a fasciclin-like AGP (SOS5/FLA4) as well as a fei1fei2 double mutant, which lacks two cell wall-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases. Additionally, galt2gal5 as well as sos5 and fei2 showed reduced seed mucilage adherence. Quintuple galt2galt5sos5fei1fei2 mutants were produced and provided evidence that these genes act in a single, linear genetic pathway. Further genetic and biochemical analysis of the quintuple mutant demonstrated involvement of these genes with the interplay between cellulose biosynthesis and two plant growth regulators, ethylene and ABA, in modulating root cell wall integrity.
The Feeling of Mindfulness: How Sensory Processing Styles Influence Mindful Awareness of Daily Experiences

Date Presented 4/18/2015 Occupational therapy concepts of sensory processing provide a unique addition to the body of work exploring the neuroscience basis of mindfulness. In this study, low registration and sensory sensitive processing styles were associated with reduced mindfulness in a healthy adult sample.
Directional airflow and ventilation in hospitals: A case study of secondary airborne infection

Since the 1990s, improvements in ventilation techniques and isolation procedures have been widely credited with the decline in nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis and other airborne diseases. Little effort, however, has been made to study the risk of isolation patients acquiring secondary infections from contaminated air migrating into negatively pressurized isolation rooms from adjacent spaces. As a result, an actual hospital was used to observe the transport of aerosol from a nursing station and general patient room to a nearby airborne infectious isolation room (AIIR). Aerosols ≤3.0 μm (viruses and most airborne bacteria) were found to be capable of migrating 14.5m from a general patient room to an AIIR anteroom entrance in 3.0 μm to the entrance of the general patient room (4.5m).
Linear Projection Based Dimension Reduction Analysis in Algebra Space

Principal component analysis(PCA) and Singular value decomposition(SVD) are two algebra methods used in linear projection analysis to reduce the dimensions in algebra space.The paper analyses the two methods in detail and deduces the relation of PCA to SVD when they are used in dimension reduction.Through the research this paper arrives at a conclusion that PCA and SVD are equivalent in the condition of being applied to positively definite symmetric matrices.
A Literature Review: The Effect of Implementing Technology in a High School Mathematics Classroom.

This study is a literature review to investigate the effects of implementing technology into a high school mathematics classroom. Mathematics has a hierarchical structure in learning and it is essential that students get a firm understanding of mathematics early in education. Some students that miss beginning concepts may continue to struggle with mathematical computation and concepts throughout the educational experience. One learning strategy that can be implemented throughout the curriculum that can help students succeed in mathematics is the use of technology in the pedagogy of the classroom. To this end, this literature review is to stimulate reflection on the effect of using technology in the high school mathematics classroom since it can help engage students in the learning process, allow students to have a higher accuracy with computational tasks, help create a less-anxious mathematics environment for students, help motivate students, and help students get a deeper understanding of the mathematical content.
Actively Interacting with Experts: A Probabilistic Logic Approach

Machine learning approaches that utilize human experts combine domain experience with data to generate novel knowledge. Unfortunately, most methods either provide only a limited form of communication with the human expert and/or are overly reliant on the human expert to specify their knowledge upfront. Thus, the expert is unable to understand what the system could learn without their involvement. Allowing the learning algorithm to query the human expert in the most useful areas of the feature space takes full advantage of the data as well as the expert. We introduce active advice-seeking for relational domains. Relational logic allows for compact, but expressive interaction between the human expert and the learning algorithm. We demonstrate our algorithm empirically on several standard relational datasets.
Private equity executive compensation

Following a sample of firms studied by Katz (2006), I hand collect compensation data from a sample of 77 firms that have privately held equity, but are SEC registrants due to publicly held debt. I then compare their compensation practices to those of a sample of firms with both publicly held debt and equity. I find that privately held firms tend to offer less bonus compensation in levels, but more as a percentage of total income. Privately held firms in my sample offer less equity compensation, in levels and as a percentage of total income and less total compensation. I propose three possible drivers for these differences and conduct tests for each one. Specifically, I find insignificant support for the first possible explanation that managers of private firms own more shares of the firms they manage than publicly held firms. In order to test the second possible explanation, that difficulties associated with the valuation and/or liquidity of private equity shares drive differences, I use an additional hand collected data set. Using this sample, which consists of 43 firms that have either "gone public" or "gone private" while maintaining public debt, I find significant differences in compensation generally consistent with my primary findings. These results support the second explanation. However, these results are also consistent with the third proposed explanation, that superior monitoring among firms with private debt drives compensation differences. In order to differentiate, I conduct a third set of tests focusing specifically on monitoring, using earnings management as a proxy. I find no significant differences in frequency and magnitude of earnings management between private equity firms with public debt and public equity firms with public debt. These results are consistent with the second proposed explanation - that privately held firms compensate their managers differently due to inherent difficulty in valuing and/or liquidating equity shares.
Phantasmagoria spirit visions, metaphors and media in the twenty-first century Warner, Marina

(2008). Phantasmagoria spirit visions, metaphors and media in the twenty-first century Warner, Marina. Material Religion: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 242-243.
Ion-Gated Gas Separation through Porous Graphene

Porous graphene holds great promise as a one-atom-thin, high-permeance membrane for gas separation, but to precisely control the pore size down to 3–5 A proves challenging. Here we propose an ion-gated graphene membrane comprising a monolayer of ionic liquid-coated porous graphene to dynamically modulate the pore size to achieve selective gas separation. This approach enables the otherwise nonselective large pores on the order of 1 nm in size to be selective for gases whose diameters range from 3 to 4 A. We show from molecular dynamics simulations that CO2, N2, and CH4 all can permeate through a 6 A nanopore in graphene without any selectivity. But when a monolayer of [emim][BF4] ionic liquid (IL) is deposited on the porous graphene, CO2 has much higher permeance than the other two gases. We find that the anion dynamically modulates the pore size by hovering above the pore and provides affinity for CO2, while the larger cation (which cannot go through the pore) holds the anion in place via electrostatic a...
Is sedentary behaviour unhealthy and if so, does reducing it improve this?

SummaryPurpose To provide a qualitative synthesis of the available literature on the role of sedentary behavior in health. Aims We sought to determine if (i) being sedentary ‘causes’ health problems and (ii) interventions to reduce sedentary behavior improve health status. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were utilized. Manuscripts published from 2001 to 2015 using specific keyword combinations (eg sedentary behavior, physical activity, sitting, intervention) were included and qualitatively reviewed. Results Data is suggestive of an association of sedentary behavior and negative health indicators. The association between sedentary behavior and mortality is stronger. There is some limited evidence suggesting short-term health benefit to reducing sedentary behavior. Discussion Evidence linking sedentary behavior to negative health outcomes is incomplete and often largely associational in nature thus not allowing for causal inference. In addition, interventional literature frequently fails to measure health outcomes, relying instead on the erroneous endpoint of changing sedentary behavior alone. Conclusion Taken as a whole the literature is suggestive that there may be value in reducing sedentary behavior to have modest impact on health. However, the magnitude of the benefit appears minor and must be considered before making largescale and potentially costly clinical and public health recommendations.
Tumors of Lymphoid and Hematopoietic Tissues

Hematolymphoid neoplasms represent the third most common malignancy in children and young adults. These are heterogeneous diseases that can involve lymph nodes and extranodal sites with variable clinical presentations. Appropriate imaging studies combined with sufficient diagnostic material for pathological evaluation are required for an accurate diagnosis to be established. Additionally, radiological studies are now the standard of care for lymphoma staging and are also essential in evaluating treatment response for some lymphoid tumors. The aim of this chapter is to provide relevant and current knowledge on the combination of radiologic and pathologic studies as part of the evaluation and diagnosis of common childhood hematolymphoid tumors.
Tissue-based associations of mammographic breast density with breast stem cell markers

Mammographic breast density is a well-established, strong breast cancer risk factor but the biology underlying this association remains unclear. Breast density may reflect underlying alterations in the size and activity of the breast stem cell pool. We examined, for the first time, associations of CD44, CD24, and aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1 (ALDH1A1) breast stem cell markers with breast density. We included in this study 64 asymptomatic healthy women who previously volunteered for a unique biopsy study of normal breast tissue at the Mayo Clinic (2006-2008). Mammographically identified dense and non-dense areas were confirmed/localized by ultrasound and biopsied. Immunohistochemical analysis of the markers was performed according to a standard protocol and the staining was assessed by a single blinded pathologist. In core biopsy samples retrieved from areas of high vs. low density within the same woman, we compared staining extent and an expression score (the product of staining intensity and extent), using the signed rank test. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided. A total of 64, 28, and 10 women were available for CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1 staining, respectively. For all three markers, we found higher levels of staining extent in dense as compared to non-dense tissue, though for CD24 and ALDH1A1 the difference did not reach statistical significance (CD44, 6.3% vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001; CD24, 8.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.10; and ALDH1A1, 0.5% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.12). The expression score for CD44 was significantly greater in dense as compared to non-dense tissue (9.8 vs.3.0, p < 0.001). Our findings suggest an increased presence and/or activity of stem cells in dense as compared to non-dense breast tissue.
A Rare Association of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia with Gastric Adenocarcinoma

An 80-year-old male presented with dyspnea on exertion for at least two months. He also complained of progressive dysphagia and weight loss of 35 pounds over the last eight months. Initial blood tests showed hemoglobin of 6.1 g/dl, reticulocytes count of 19.7%, total bilirubin of 3.2 mg/dl, lactate dehydrogenase of 600 U/L, and haptoglobin of less than 8 mg/dl, and direct Coombs test was positive for warm immunoglobulin G. The impression was autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The evaluation of dysphagia with esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a single irregular 4 cm malignant appearing ulcerated mass at the incisura angularis of the stomach. The mass was confirmed as adenocarcinoma on biopsy. Diagnostic laparoscopy was positive for malignant cells and he was diagnosed with stage IV adenocarcinoma of the stomach. Other extensive workup to determine the etiology of AIHA was negative (described in detail below). Surgery was deferred primarily due to metastasis of cancer. Initially, hemoglobin was stabilized by intravenous methylprednisolone, high dose immunoglobulins, and packed red blood cell transfusions. After a few weeks, hemoglobin started trending down again. The patient was weaned off steroids and paradoxically IgG-mediated autohemolysis was controlled with the initiation of palliative chemotherapy. Our case highlights a rare occurrence of AIHA in association with gastric adenocarcinoma.
Defaming Rover: Error-Based Latent Rhetoric in the Medical Literature on Dog Bites

This article examines the accuracy and rhetoric of reports by human health care professionals concerning dog bite injuries published in the peer-reviewed medical literature, with respect to nonclinical issues, such as dog behavior. A qualitative content analysis examined 156 publications between 1966 and 2015 identified by terms such as "dog bite" or "dangerous dogs." The analysis revealed misinformation about human-canine interactions, the significance of breed and breed characteristics, and the frequency of dog bite-related injuries. Misinformation included clear-cut factual errors, misinterpretations, omissions, emotionally loaded language, and exaggerations based on misunderstood or inaccurate statistics or reliance on the interpretation by third parties of other authors' meaning. These errors clustered within one or more rhetorical devices including generalization, catastrophization, demonization, and negative differentiation. By constructing the issue as a social problem, these distortions and errors, and the rhetorical devices supporting them, mischaracterize dogs and overstate the actual risk of dog bites.
Kantorovich's functionals in space of measures

We investigate relationships between Kantorovich's functionals arising from mass transportation problems. Compactness, completeness and merging criteria w.r.t. Kantorovich's functionals are considered. Applications to the problems of best classification and best allocation policy are given.
METASTABLE SUPERHEAT IN NUCLEATE BOILING OF CRYOGENIC LIQUIDS

The metastable superheat ΔT attainable by a liquid above its saturation temperature is important in nucleate boiling. Aside from the boiling description, however, a knowledge of AT also provides criteria for heat transport transition when bubble formation is entirely suppressed. A nonboiling liquid may be heated to the maximum metastable superheat before it disintegrates [1]. As soon as the wall excess temperature increases beyond the limiting superheat value, the system will enter the Leidenfrost regime, within which liquid is converted into the completely disordered phase when it approaches the hot walls.
On the structure of a turbulent spot in a heated laminar boundary layer

An artificially generated turbulent spot was investigated experimentally in a heated boundary layer using a rake of mini-thermocouples. Simultaneous temperature traces were used to determine the spot's leading and trailing edge characteristics. The measurements on the centerline of the plate at a constant velocity and variable streamwise positions provided a Rex range of 2.45–12.6 x 105. At one axial station the free stream velocity was varied and off-axis measurements were obtained.
Textual Approaches to Mass Atrocity Education

In this chapter, Drs. Aliza Atik, Kathleen Alves, and Mirna Lekic, the faculty coordinators of the 2016–2017 National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)/Kupferberg Holocaust Center (KHC) Colloquium Series, “Fleeing Genocide: Displacement, Exile, and the Refugee,” review the unique impact of theoretical and textual approaches to the study of genocide and mass atrocity. They explore the concept of “difficult knowledge,” the notion of “critical genocide studies,” and the way in which the framing of contentious historical and contemporary narratives benefits from strategies of active listening and textual engagement.
Adam Smith's Theory of the State: The Logic of Military Competition and Its Implications for State Capacity

International security in a competitive militarized environment requires that states have the capacity to defend themselves. The effects of this competition can be summarized with an equilibrium-comparative statics logic: (i) at any given moment in time, for a type of state to survive, it must have the financial, material, organizational, and military means to defend itself against other states with possibly different forms of government and territorial organization. (ii) As the nature of military (and financial and organizational) competition changes, so too does the form of the state. Adam Smith appeals to this logic again and again in his corpus to explain why, in a particular era, one type of state out-competes another. For example, Smith uses this logic to explain the equilibrium structure of feudalism; how the trading towns emerged to out-compete locally feudalism’s military organization; that the town’s militias later proved no match for the professional standing armies of authoritarian monarchies; and how intense military competition for markets and territory around the world led large nation-states to foster forms of liberty or limited government so as to grow and finance longer and larger wars.
Abstract 280: Are There Sex-specific Differences in Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation?

The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred method of dialysis access due to its proven superior long term outcomes. However, women have lower rates of AVF maturation than men (38% vs. 60%), p...
Early Endoscopy Is Associated with Better Clinical Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized with Ischemic Bowel Disease

Providing diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, lower gastrointestinal endoscopy is a salient investigative modality for ischemic bowel disease (IB). As studies on the role of endoscopic timing on the outcomes of IB are lacking, we sought to clarify this association. After identifying 18-to-90-year-old patients with a primary diagnosis of IB from the 2012–2014 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project-Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we grouped them based on timing of endoscopy into three: early (n = 9268), late (n = 3515), and no endoscopy (n = 18,452). We explored the determinants of receiving early endoscopy, the impact of endoscopic timing on outcomes (mortality and 13 others), and the impact of the type of endoscopy (colonoscopy vs. sigmoidoscopy) on these outcomes among the early group (SAS 9.4). Less likely to receive early endoscopy were Blacks compared to Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.81 95% CI [0.70–0.94]), and individuals on Medicaid, Medicare, and uninsured compared to the privately insured group (aOR 0.80 [0.71–0.91], 0.70 [0.58–0.84], and 0.68 [0.56–0.83]). Compared to the late and no endoscopy groups, patients with early endoscopy had less mortality (aOR 0.53 [0.35–0.80] and 0.09 [0.07–0.12]), shorter length of stay (LOS, 4.64 [4.43–4.87] days vs. 8.87 [8.40–9.37] and 6.62 [6.52–7.13] days), lower total hospital cost (THC, $41,055 [$37,995–$44,361] vs. $72,598 [$66,768–$78,937] and $68,737 [$64,028–$73,793]), and better outcomes. Similarly, among those who received early endoscopy, colonoscopy had better outcomes than sigmoidoscopy for mortality, THC, LOS, and adverse events. Early endoscopy, especially colonoscopy, is associated with better clinical outcomes and decreased healthcare utilization in IB. Unfortunately, there are disparities against Blacks, and non-privately insured individuals in receiving early endoscopy.
Microwave DJs: A Revisit of Farrugia and Swiss’s “Tracking the DJs” (JPMS, 17.1)

Back in 2006, I attended a party in San Francisco that was billed as a “Tribute 2 the Mobiles.” The event was an homage to the Bay Area mobile disc jockey crews from the 1980s, and great care was taken to replicate the sounds and sights of the era, including an array of era-appropriate speakers
Differential behavioral, stress, and sleep responses in mice with different delays of fear extinction.

Study objectives Sleep, in particular rapid eye movement (REM), has been linked to fear learning and extinction; however, their relationship is poorly understood. We determined how different delays of extinction training (ET) impact fear-conditioned behaviors, changes in sleep, and stress responses. Methods EEG activity, movement, and body temperature in mice were monitored via telemetry. Following contextual fear conditioning (shock training [ST]), separate groups of mice were reexposed to the context at 24-hour post-ST (24h ET-1) and at 48-hour post-ST (48h ET-1). Post-ET sleep amount and sleep-associated EEG (delta and theta) activity were compared to baseline and to post-ST sleep. Freezing, locomotion, grooming, and rearing were monitored to determine effects of ET on fear behaviors. Body temperature immediately after ET was monitored to assess stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH). Results 24h ET-1 and 48h ET-1 produced similar freezing and REM reductions, but dissimilar rearing activity and SIH. 24h ET-1 was followed by periods of suppressed REM-associated theta (REM-θ) activity, immediately after ET and during the subsequent dark period. Suppressed REM-θ was specific to sleep after 24h ET-1, and did not occur after ST, nor after 48h ET-1. Conclusions ET-1 at 24 and 48 hours after ST was associated with similar freezing and REM amounts, but with differences in other overt behaviors, in REM-θ, and in SIH. Freezing was not predictive of changes in other fear-associated responses. This study demonstrated that consideration of time delay from fear acquisition to extinction is important when assessing the relationships between extinction and behavior, sleep, and stress responses.
Stochastic model of relaxors

The simple stochastic model of temperature diffusing of the phase transition is presented, which takes into account the structural disorder of the material by introducing a random function – the ph...
FT-IR Spectroscopic Analysis of the Secondary Structures Present during the Desiccation Induced Aggregation of Elastin-Like Polypeptide on Silica

Previously, we found that elastin-like polypeptide (ELP), when dried above the lower critical solution temperature on top of a hydrophilic fused silica disk, exhibited a dynamic coalescence behavio...
Hip Impingement after Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine Avulsion Fractures: A Case Report with Review of the Literature

Avulsion fractures of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) are rare injuries in adolescent athletes. We present a case of a 15-year-old male who sustained an avulsion injury to his right AIIS when kicking a soccer ball. The patient had chronic pain and extra-articular subspinal impingement leading to decreased hip flexion and rotation. The injury occurred 1.5 years prior to symptom onset, and we were the first health care providers to manage the injury. We attempted six months of nonoperative management including activity modifications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) therapy without improvement. Although this injury can often be managed nonoperatively, his symptoms required excision of the AIIS and associated heterotopic ossification. He had an excellent outcome with return to soccer and no pain at his final follow-up visit two years after surgery. Due to the limited literature guiding the surgeon's management of AIIS avulsion injuries with associated heterotopic ossification, we provide a review of the literature detailing pre- and postoperative ranges of motion, surgical approach, fixation or excision of the avulsion fragment, and return to sport in this patient population.
Genomically Mined Acoustic Reporter Genes Enable On-Demand In Vivo Monitoring of Tumor-Homing Bacteria

ABSTRACT A major outstanding challenge in the fields of biological research, synthetic biology and cell-based medicine is the difficulty of visualizing the function of natural and engineered cells noninvasively inside opaque organisms. Ultrasound imaging has the potential to address this challenge as a widely available technique with a tissue penetration of several centimeters and a spatial resolution below 100 μm. Recently, the first genetically encoded reporter molecules were developed based on bacterial gas vesicles to link ultrasound signals to molecular and cellular function. However, the properties of these first-generation acoustic reporter genes (ARGs) resulted in limited sensitivity and specificity for imaging in the in vivo context. Here, we describe second-generation ARGs with greatly improved acoustic properties and expression characteristics. We identified these ARGs through a systematic phylogenetic screen of candidate gas vesicle gene clusters from diverse bacteria and archaea. The resulting constructs offer major qualitative and quantitative improvements, including the ability to produce nonlinear ultrasound contrast to distinguish their signals from those of background tissues, and a reduced burden of expression in probiotic hosts. We demonstrate the utility of these next-generation ARGs by imaging the in situ gene expression of tumor-homing probiotic bacteria, revealing the unique spatial distribution of tumor colonization by these cells noninvasively in living subjects.
A systematic study of the absorbance of the nitro functional group in the vacuum UV region.

Abstract The nitro functional group (NO2) features strongly in compounds such as explosives, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. However, its gas phase absorbance characteristics in the vacuum UV region (120–200 nm) have not been systematically studied. Gas chromatography/vacuum UV spectroscopy (GC/VUV) was utilized to study the gas phase VUV spectra of various nitrated compounds (e.g., nitrate esters (-R-O-NO2), nitramines (R-N-NO2), nitroaromatics (Ar-NO2), and nitroalkanes (R-NO2)). The nitro absorption maximum appeared over a wide range (170–270 nm) and its wavelength and intensity were highly dependent upon the structure of the rest of the molecule. For example, the nitroalkanes exhibited a trend in that the ratio of the relative absorption intensity between these two absorption features between the alkyl group (
Through an hourglass darkly

The radioactive isotopeAl is one of the key elements for astronomers and planetary scientists wishing to understand star formation in our galaxy and the early history of our solar system. In the galaxy, the gamma-ray flux emitted by decayingAl provide a measure of its abundance. Its half-life is too short for anyAl present at the beginning of the solar system to still be alive there, but its daughter element,Mg, can be measured in meteorites. Meyer discusses the difficulties in interpreting inferredAl abundances in the early solar system, and describes recent studies investigating two models, the heterogeneous and the homogeneous distribution model forAl in the early solar system.