cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A system-of-systems approach for integrated energy systems modeling and simulation

Energy systems integration combines energy carriers, including electricity, with infrastructures, to maximize efficiency and minimize waste. In order to study systems at a variety of physical scales---from individual buildings to distribution systems---interconnected through these energy infrastructures, NREL is developing an Integrated Energy System Model (IESM), with an initial focus on the electricity system. Today's electricity grid is the most complex system ever built---and the future grid is likely to be even more complex because it will incorporate distributed energy resources (DERs) such as wind, solar, and various other sources of generation and energy storage. The complexity is further augmented by the possible evolution to new retail market structures that would provide incentives to owners of DERs to support the grid. The IESM can be used to understand and test the impact of new retail market structures and technologies such as DERs, demand-response equipment, and energy management systems on the system's ability to provide reliable electricity to all customers. The IESM is composed of a power flow simulator (GridLAB-D), building and appliance models including home energy management system implemented using either GAMS or Pyomo, a market layer, and is able to include hardware-in-the-loop simulation (testing appliances such as air conditioners, dishwashers, etc.). The IESM is a system-of-systems (SoS) simulator wherein the constituent systems are brought together in a virtual testbed. We will describe an SoS approach for developing a distributed simulation environment. We will elaborate on the methodology and the control mechanisms used in the co-simulation illustrated by a case study.
Accessing Multi-Modal Information on Cell Phones While Sitting and Driving:

Multimodal interfaces have been identified as a possible solution for reducing the visual and motor demands of small devices such as cell phones. In a within-subjects factorial experiment, we explored where audio is useful in a cell phone interface that supports database applications. Participants sat at a desk and drove in a car simulator while choosing a hotel from a descriptive long list. We compared participants' performance with and without the option to listen to the information while it was presented in text. Participants rarely preferred or used the audio option while seated. A substantial number preferred and used the audio option while driving, especially when the hotel choice task was more difficult. Those who chose the audio option looked less at the phone, but increased their task time and did not improve their driving performance. We discuss implications of reading and listening for safety and design.
Activity and structure of supported molybdenum nitride hydrotreating catalysts

Molybdenum nitrides have been shown to be active hydrotreating catalysts. We explored the hydrotreating activities of supported Mo nitrides. It was observed that the hydrodenitrogenation and hydrodesulfurization activities were inverse functions of the molybdenum loading. By using oxygen chemisorption and carbon monoxide temperature programmed desorption, we were able to characterize the particle morphology of the nitrides.
Use of Electrocoagulation in the Treatment of Vesicovaginal Fistulas

The role of electrocoagulation for the treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas has not been clearly defined. To determine the use of this therapeutic modality, 15 cases of fistulas treated with electrocoagulation were retrospectively reviewed. Fulguration represented the primary treatment in 12 patients and the secondary treatment in 3 after an initial attempt at open surgical closure failed. In all instances fistula size was estimated to be 3.5 mm. or less. A Bugbee electrode, which was inserted into the fistula either cystoscopically or vaginally, was used to destroy the epithelial lining of the fistula tract. Following the procedure the bladder was decompressed with a large indwelling Foley catheter for at least 2 weeks. Fulguration was successful as the sole treatment modality in 9 of 12 patients (75%) and as an alternative intervention after failure of an open surgical repair in 2 of 3 (66%). Therefore, 11 of the 15 women (73%) had complete resolution of the fistulas with this technique. We conclude that fulguration is usually effective in managing patients with vesicovaginal fistulas a few millimeters in size or less. This technique should be used as an initial treatment for appropriately selected patients and in women with small residual fistulas after open surgical failure.
On rules and human conduct

In contradistinction to a prevailing assumption in various cognitive studies, I shall argue here that propositional knowledge of ‘rules’ (either ‘consciously’ known or ‘unconsciously’ known) is not entailed by concept-acquisition and concept-use. Having attempted to establish this point, I shall then try to specify some important properties of ‘rules’ as these actually enter into domains of human conduct. Some of these properties stand in contrast to those tacitly taken to characterise ‘rules of conduct’ in theoretical accounts of human behaviour. Since I believe that the entire issue of rules is immensely perplexing, and in some ways highly obscure, I am guided here by work in ethnomethodology and ordinary-language philosophy for whom the topic has been, for many years, a central concern. However, a failure adequately to connect these matters with broader theoretical concerns in the human sciences has resulted in a virtual chasm separating those with a major intellectual interest in the relationship of ‘rules’ to ‘behaviour’. The present essay is a bit of bridge-building, linking up some lines of thinking from several disciplines and noting the points of divergence where these may be amenable to correction.
The Impact of the Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 on Trends in Federal Sex Trafficking Cases

In this study, we addressed the need for empirical research on human trafficking by compiling unique data relating to criminal charges filed in federal judicial districts and using these data to ex...
Integration of International Service Learning in Developing Countries within Occupational Therapy Education: Process and Implications

International service learning (ISL) is included in an increasing number of courses at post-secondary levels of education, including programs which educate future occupational therapy practitioners. There is a limited amount of literature and research concerning best practices for course-based occupational therapy education featuring ISL experiences, in particular within developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to (a) to review key literature on ISL, (b) explicate key elements which can help design course-based ISL experiences; and (c) suggest areas for further research and development of course-based ISL. The seven elements of focus that provide a base to guide occupational therapy educators who create ISL courses with an immersion component in a country with a developing economy are discussed, as well as future challenges and possibilities when providing occupational therapy services to a global society.
Predicting computer proficiency in older adults

Abstract Continued growth in older adults' computer and internet use has led to the need to better assess their competencies and skills. The aim of the current study was to expand on this literature by examining sources of individual differences in older adults' computer and internet proficiency. Ninety-seven adults ranging in age from 60 to 95 completed the Computer Proficiency Questionnaire (CPQ) along with a battery that measured demographic information, socio-emotional variables such as sense of control and affect, and cognitive abilities such as reasoning and speed of processing. Hierarchical regression analyses examined the predictors of CPQ Total score as well as the three CPQ subscales (e.g., Internet and Email Use, Communication and Calendaring, and Computer Basic). Age, education, affect, sense of control, inductive reasoning, perceptual speed, and psychomotor speed were associated with at least one domain of computer proficiency. Positive affect uniquely predicted Communication and Calendaring. While sense of control, inductive reasoning, and psychomotor speed uniquely predicted Computer Basic. Discussion focuses on implications for CPQ use and computer proficiency training in older adults.
Creep crack growth by grain boundary cavitation: crack tip fields and crack growth rates under transient conditions

Transient creep crack growth due to grain boundary cavitation, and under plane strain and small scale creep conditions, is investigated. Full account is taken of the finite geometry changes accompanying crack tip blunting and the material is characterized as an elastic-power law creeping solid with an additional contribution to the creep rate arising from a given density of cavitating grain boundary facets. All voids are assumed present from the outset, distributed on a given density of cavitating grain boundary facets. Our analyses show the competing effects of stress relaxation due to creep, diffusion and crack tip blunting, and the stress increase due to crack growth. Another outcome of our analyses is the crack growth rate under various conditions of loading and for various values of material properties and for various characterizations of the failure process. Prior to crack growth, Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren type singular fields dominate over the crack tip region, outside of a finite strain zone that has dimensions of the order of the crack opening displacement. These singular fields scale with the path integral C(t), which to a good approximation decays as KI2/t, with t being the elapsed time since load application and KIthe imposed stress intensity factor. When the crack growth rate is faster than the growth rate of the creep zone, our finite element results show that Hui-Riedel singular fields dominate over the crack tip region and the magnitude of the Hui-Riedel fields scales with the crack growth rate. For a crack that grows more slowly than the creep zone, Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren type fields dominate over the crack tip region. In these circumstances, the crack growth rate is found to scale as C(t) to a power. Regardless of which of the two singular fields dominates for the growing crack, finite strain effects are found to be significant over a size scale of the order of the crack opening displacement at crack growth initiation. The effect of increased mesh refinement is also considered and very little mesh dependence is found.
ANK1 Methylation regulates expression of MicroRNA-486-5p and discriminates lung tumors by histology and smoking status.

Abstract The intragenic tumor-suppressor microRNA miR-486-5p is often down-regulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) but the mechanism is unclear. This study investigated epigenetic co-regulation of miR-486-5p and its host gene ANK1 . MiR-486-5p expression in lung tumors and cell lines was significantly reduced compared to normal lung (p ANK1 expression. In vitro , siRNA-mediated ANK1 knockdown in NSCLC cells also reduced miR-486-5p while the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induced expression of both. ANK1 promoter CpG island was unmethylated in normal lung but methylated in 45% (118/262) lung tumors and 55% (17/31) NSCLC cell lines. After adjustment for tumor histology and smoking, methylation was significantly more prevalent in adenocarcinoma (101/200, 51%) compared to squamous cell carcinoma (17/62, 27%), p ANK1 methylation is highly prevalent in lung cancer, discriminate tumors by histology and patients' smoking history, and contributes to miR-486-5p repression.
Call-graph caching: transforming programs into networks

There are computer programs that use the same flow of control when run on different inputs. This redundancy in their program execution traces can be exploited by preserving suitably abstracted call-graphs for subsequent reuse. We introduce a new programming transformation Call-Graph Caching (CGC) which partially evaluates the control flow of sets of such programs into a network formed from their call-graphs. CGC can automatically generate efficient state-saving structure-sharing incremental algorithms from simple program specifications. As an example, we show how a straightforward, inefficient LISP program for conjunctive match is automatically transformed into the RETE network algorithm. Simple and understandable changes to elegant functional (and other) programs are automatically translated by CGC into new efficient incremental network algorithms; this abstraction mechanism is shown for a class of conjunctive matching algorithms. We establish criteria for the appropriate application of CGC to other AI methods, such as planning, chart parsing, consistency maintenance, and analogical reasoning.
Criticality and uncertainty assessment of assembly misloading in BWR transportation cask

Abstract Misloading of a spent fuel assembly could occur during the loading process of transportation casks due to inaccurate burnup records or mistaken assembly identification. Therefore, criticality safety analysis is important for such conditions to ensure that the cask remains subcritical with a sufficient margin. Investigations of assembly misload in PWR spent fuel cask has been conducted in previous studies, a similar analysis is still needed for BWR casks because of the differences between them, such as operational conditions, assembly size, gadolinium rods presence, enrichment variation, and others. Consequently, a quantitative computational criticality safety analysis is conducted in this work for a variety of misloading conditions in a BWR burnup credit shipping cask (GBC-68). The uncertainty in k eff estimation due to both nuclear data and statistical sampling has been quantified to ensure that k eff uncertainty margin is within criticality bounds. The analysis has been carried out using different modules within the SCALE code system, namely, TRITON, KENO-V.a, and TSUNAMI-3D. The results demonstrate that BWR misloading has different trend than PWR because of the presence of gadolinium rods. Two sets of nuclides have been considered in this analysis to show the credit of the fission products: major actinides and major actinides plus fission products. The peak reactivity burnup is calculated to be 24 GWD/MTU. Assembly misload results illustrate that misloaded assemblies with burnup less than the peak reactivity burnup insert more reactivity than the fresh misloaded assemblies, which is the opposite for PWR where misloaded fresh assemblies insert more reactivity than the burned assemblies. The uncertainty analysis demonstrates that reactivity uncertainty is within 5% for most of the cases considered in this analysis. The estimation of probability of occurrence of misloading accidents is out of scope of this work and it is left as a future work.
The quality of brailled instructional materials produced in Texas public schools

This study analyzed the quality of brailled instructional materials transcribed by 40 public school personnel. The authors calculated the correlation of the certification status of the personnel an...
Associations between parents' satisfaction with provider communication and HPV vaccination behaviors.

Abstract Background Despite increasing awareness of the importance of a provider recommendation for HPV vaccine, the U.S. has yet to achieve the Healthy people 2020 goal of 80% series completion among adolescents. This failure indicates a need for further examination of the modifiable influences on parents’ decision-making. Healthcare providers can influence parents’ HPV vaccination decision-making, but little is known about parents’ perspectives on the counseling they receive. We sought to assess U.S. parents’ satisfaction with provider communication about HPV vaccine and associations with vaccination behaviors. Methods Parents of 11-to-17-year-old adolescents who discussed HPV vaccination with a healthcare provider at least once (n = 795) completed our online survey in Fall 2016. We assessed their satisfaction with the discussion using the HPV Vaccine Communication Satisfaction Scale (α = 0.94). We examined associations between satisfaction (categorized as low, moderate, or high), and three vaccination behaviors: refusal/delay, series initiation (≥1 dose), and continuation (≥2 doses among initiators) using multivariable logistic regression. Results Most parents reported high (36%) or moderate (38%) satisfaction with provider communication about HPV vaccination; fewer reported low (26%) satisfaction. Moderately satisfied parents (vs. low) had lower odds of refusal/delay (aOR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38–0.89), and higher odds of initiation (aOR = 1.71, 95% CI:1.15–2.55) and continuation (aOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.24–3.40). The associations were stronger for highly satisfied parents (refusal/delay aOR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.29–0.70, initiation aOR = 3.59, 95% CI: 2.23–5.78, and continuation aOR = 4.08, 95% CI: 2.38–7.01). Conclusions Our study suggests that parent satisfaction with provider communication may play an important role in HPV vaccination decision-making. Yet, communication satisfaction has been largely unexamined in the HPV-vaccine literature to date. We introduce a brief, 7-item HPV Vaccine Communication Scale that can be used to assess parents’ level of satisfaction with their provider’s communication specific to HPV vaccine. We identify communication areas for providers to prioritize when discussing HPV vaccine with parents.
Correction: Comparative Analysis of Outstanding Women in Public Administration Leadership: a Book Review

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in the article title. The correct title should be “Comparative Analysis of Outstanding Women in Public Administration Leadership: a Book Review.”
Is distress tolerance an approach behavior? An examination of frontal alpha asymmetry and distress tolerance in adolescents.

Abstract Frontal EEG asymmetry, relatively greater left-than-right frontal activity (rLFA), has been associated with mood symptoms and approach versus withdrawal behaviors. Distress tolerance (DT), a transdiagnostic behavior, has yet to be examined as an approach behavior using rLFA. Adolescents (N = 20; M age = 14.53, SD = 2.09) completed a frustrating mirror-tracing task which provided an index of DT. Higher resting rLFA was associated with lower DT. The results are the first to identify a relationship between cortical activation and distress tolerance in adolescents. rLFA appears to be a neurophysiological index of behaviors associated with approach motivation and escape from punishment or aversive situations.
Two Aspects of Motor Learning: Learning Movements and Learning Synergies

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the main problems of producing a purposeful motor action and those of control and coordination. To perform a voluntary movement, the central nervous system (CNS) has to formulate a motor task in terms of meaningful physical variables such as coordinates (trajectories) of important parts of the body, and forces that have to be produced against external objects. The processes involved in converting brain signals into actions are complex and poorly predictable. This is due to several factors such as: (1) Given a level of activation, muscle force depends on muscle length and velocity, (2) Muscle activation is defined by signals from descending pathways and reflex loops converging on the alpha-motoneurons, and (3) Signals along the reflex loops depend on various physical variables such as muscle length, velocity, force, pressure on the skin, joint capsule tension, as well as on signals from receptors in other muscles of the limb. The chapter highlights two approaches of motor learning. Motor learning does not lead to freezing or freeing of degrees of freedom. It leads to using all the original degrees of freedom to form an adequate space in which necessary synergies can be created, and then optimizing them with respect to important performance variables defined by the task.
A Kriegspiel Endgame

Kriegspiel is one of the most interesting variants of chess: each player tries to mate his opponent, using ordinary chessmen and following the ordinary rules, but neither player knows where the other player’s pieces are. Instead, both players have a concealed board on which they can keep track of their own position and guess at the locations of the opponent’s pieces. There is also a third participant in the game, namely the kriegspiel referee; he has a third set of chessmen, with which he keeps the actual position. When it is White’s move, White suggests a possible move to the referee. If it is legal in the actual game position, it becomes White’s official move; otherwise White must try additional moves until one is legal. Then it is Black’s turn, and the game continues in this fashion. Any legal move that places the opposing king in check is announced to both players. There are other rules (which do not concern us) that involve captures and pawn moves; further details can be found in [1].
Cost Effectiveness of Routine Screening in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Neonates

Background Screening practices, including ophthalmologic consults and viral infectious cause evaluations vary widely amongst neonatologists for infants who were intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) or who were born small for gestational age (SGA). The judicious use of exams is important for patient care and hospital cost effectiveness. Approximate per patient cost for of such a work-up is a minimum of $250 ($80 for urine CMV tests, $131 for head ultrasound, and $58 for complete ophthalmologic …
Abstract LB-285: SAGA functions in development and disease

Our research is focused on defining the functions of histone modifying enzymes in normal cells, so that we can understand how alterations in these activities contribute to tumor development or progression. Our recent studies on the SAGA complex, which houses both histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deubiquitylase (DUB) activities, revealed that the Gcn5 HAT, is an important co-activator for Myc in regulating self-renewal of mouse ES cells. Gcn5 is also important for Myc functions as a Yamanaka factor in stimulating conversion of differentiated cells towards an induced pluripotent state. These developmental functions predict that Gcn5 will also be important during Myc functions as an oncogene. In support of this idea, recent studies reveal that deletion of Gcn5 delays lymphoma onset and more than doubles survival of Eμ-Myc mice. The SAGA DUB module is also implicated in cancer, as the USP22 catalytic subunit is overexpressed in several highly aggressive human tumors. We have created USP22 knock out mice to probe the functions of this DUB. Our data indicate that USP22 drives TGF-beta and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways that are critical both to normal developmental processes and to oncogenesis. Altogether, our studies indicate that both Gcn5 and USP22 may provide unique targets for development of new cancer therapies. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Sharon Y. Dent, Aimee Farria, Evangelia Koutelou. SAGA functions in development and disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-285.
2405 The Cult of the Occult Hernia and the Endometriosis Population

Study Objective Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to but not the same as the lining of the uterus is found throughout the pelvic cavity. Pelvic Physical Therapy is a sub specialty of physical therapy focused on the hip, lower abdomen, and pelvis from the bones, to the muscles, including the pelvic floor, to the nerves and fascia. Ongoing pelvic pain post excision of endometriosis by a gynecology specialist may be treated by a pelvic physical therapist. In one year, a pelvic physical therapy practice specializing in endometriosis issues, multiple patients were suspected to have occult, or no bulge, hernias as sources of pelvic pain. The objective of this study is to examine in a retrospective analysis the impact of occult female hernia on pelvic pain post excision of endometriosis. Design Retrospective Analysis. Setting Outpatient Private Physical Therapy Practice specializing in endometriosis. Patients or Participants 35 Interventions Patients were evaluated based on nerve mapping and then were sent for MRI with a General Surgeon confirming presence of defect in the pre-peritoneal space. Measurements and Main Results In a one year period in a private physical therapy practice specializing primarily in endometriosis, out of 35 patients with endometriosis were screened for occult hernia's, no bulge hernias not seen within the retro-peritoneal space during excision of endometriosis, 22 were positive for nerve compressions onto either the ilioinguinal or genitofemoral nerves. Conclusion Occult hernia may contribute to pain during sex, genital pain, groin pain, pelvic floor pain, increased lower abdominal pain during menstruation, perceived urinary pressure and leg pain. In the patient with endometriosis hernia may be missed during follow-up visits and surgery with the gynecologist. As a driver in pelvic pain, occult hernia should become more widely recognized as a source of pelvic pain.
Towards early detection of adverse drug reactions: combining pre-clinical drug structures and post-market safety reports

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is a major burden for patients and healthcare industry. Early and accurate detection of potential ADRs can help to improve drug safety and reduce financial costs. Post-market spontaneous reports of ADRs remain a cornerstone of pharmacovigilance and a series of drug safety signal detection methods play an important role in providing drug safety insights. However, existing methods require sufficient case reports to generate signals, limiting their usages for newly approved drugs with few (or even no) reports. In this study, we propose a label propagation framework to enhance drug safety signals by combining drug chemical structures with FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). First, we compute original drug safety signals via common signal detection algorithms. Then, we construct a drug similarity network based on chemical structures. Finally, we generate enhanced drug safety signals by propagating original signals on the drug similarity network. Our proposed framework enriches post-market safety reports with pre-clinical drug similarity network, effectively alleviating issues of insufficient cases for newly approved drugs. We apply the label propagation framework to four popular signal detection algorithms (PRR, ROR, MGPS, BCPNN) and find that our proposed framework generates more accurate drug safety signals than the corresponding baselines. In addition, our framework identifies potential ADRs for newly approved drugs, thus paving the way for early detection of ADRs. The proposed label propagation framework combines pre-clinical drug structures with post-market safety reports, generates enhanced drug safety signals, and can potentially help to accurately detect ADRs ahead of time. The source code for this paper is available at: https://github.com/ruoqi-liu/LP-SDA.
Quantitative far-infrared band strengths of iodine monochloride (ICl), a molten salt off-gas product

The gaseous (by)products generated from molten salt reactors need to be monitored to prevent the release of potentially toxic gases to the environment. In particular, 129I has a long half-life and its toxicity and persistence in the environment make iodine and iodine-containing compounds (such as ICl from chloride containing molten salt systems) of great concern. Optical spectroscopy tools, including Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies, are ideal for monitoring and quantifying such off-gas products. Iodine (I2) has a strong and distinct Raman signature and the change in signal with a change in concentration can be used for quantification of these byproducts. Iodine monochloride (ICl) has distinct signatures in both the Raman and the infrared, and its spectrum can also potentially be used for quantitative measurement of this species. In this paper we discuss our recent results on the quantification of iodine monochloride using infrared spectroscopy, in particular first reports of the absolute infrared band strength of ICl.
Significance of ultrasound screening of fetal structural abnormalities in pregnant women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss in the late first trimester

Objective To analyse the screening value of ultrasound in pregnant women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss in the late first trimester.Methods 1,731 pregnant women at 11 to 13 +6 gestational weeks who had received prenatal ultrasonic examination in Sun Yat-sen memorial hospital during the period of January 2008 to December 2010 were included in this study,1,421 of whom did not have special medical history (control group) and 310 had history of recurrent pregnancy loss (pregnancyloss group).Fetal structural abnormalities were found in 78 women (57 in the control group and 21 in the pregnancy-loss group),including 18 with history of abortion of three times or more.Results The detection rate of fetal structural abnormalities differed significantly between the control group and the pregnancy-loss group (4.01％ vs.6.77％ or 57/1,421 vs.21/310; x2=4.515,P=0.034).The major malformation was neck abnormalities.85,71％ of the women with history of abortion of three times or more developed fetal structural abnormalities.Conclusions Pregnant women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss (especially for three times or more) are necessary to have ultrasound screening in the late first trimester.Neck abnormalities is a focus for the ultrasonic examination. Key words: Recurrent pregnancy loss; Ultrasonography; Prenatal Screening; Fetal structural abnormalities; Early Pregnancy
Co-immunostaining of ICAM-1, ICAM-2, and CD31 in Mouse Kidney Glomeruli

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a common pathological condition in chronic kidney diseases that often leads to end stage renal failure. Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18)-mediated neutrophil, macrophage, and dendritic cell glomerular infiltration leading to cellular dysfunction and destruction is an important disease mechanism. The cellular distribution and dynamics of the expression of Mac-1 ligands ICAM-1 and ICAM-2 in GN have not been well studied because of the difficulties in tissue staining and colocalizing glomerular cells with surface antigens. To improve the visualization of cell surface marker and antigen expression in kidney compartments, we have devised an even but mild fixation procedure employing p-formaldehyde-lysine-periodate (PLP) perfusion. A large panel of antibodies (Ab) against cell surface markers was used to identify kidney cell types and adhesion molecules. When confocal microscopy was used in visualizing glomerular adhesion molecule staining, the endothelial cells were found to specifically express CD31, and these cells express ICAM-2 constitutively. Though ICAM-1 was not expressed by glomerular endothelial cells in homeostasis, it was highly upregulated in mice with chronic GN and severe proteinuria. VCAM-1, a ligand for VLA-4 important in leukocyte migration, was not expressed in the glomerulus. The results highlight the importance of ICAM-1 in the infiltration of macrophages and dendritic cells in cGN. This report will provide a widely applicable procedure for yielding high quality confocal images and for the identification and quantitation of receptors and other cellular antigens expressed in different kidney compartments and cell types.
Online in No Time: Design and Implementation of a Remote Learning First Quarter General Chemistry Laboratory and Second Quarter Organic Chemistry Laboratory

The instruction of high enrollment general and organic chemistry laboratories at a large public 10 university always have curricular, administrative, and logistical challenges Herein, we describe how we met these challenges in the transition to remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic We discuss the reasoning behind our approach, the utilization of our existing web-based course content, the additions and alterations to our curriculum, replacement of experimental work with videos, the results of both student and TA surveys, and lessons learned for iterations of these courses in the near 15 future
How leaders’ experiences and rebellion shape military recruitment during civil war:

The use of forced recruitment strategies during war can adversely affect military effectiveness and human rights. Given these costs, under what conditions do state leaders adopt coercive recruitmen...
Passport to the future: Boosting academic outcomes and citizenship through urban debate

This study examines the impact of a university-high school debate mentoring program on educational outcomes of high school graduates attending a racially segregated school in New Jersey, USA. Evide...
Kindness: The Capacity for Kindness

Different viewpoints, understandings, and definitions of kindness are offered. One way of describing kindness is the ability to bear the vulnerability of the Other through imaginative participation in and sympathetic identification with the experience of the Other. Embodied kindness, which can be developmentally traced to the kindly care provided early by essential others, reveals itself in kindly gestures as forms of communication and communion. Kindness is a form of social sensitivity to the welfare of self and others that overlaps with and yet is more and other than sympathy, compassion, considerateness, generosity, gentleness, and warm-heartedness. Like other markers of psychosocial maturation, kindness comes in degrees. In its mature or discerning form it contributes to intrapersonal and interpersonal integration.
Toward the Next Generation of High-Grade Glioma Clinical Trials in the Era of Precision Medicine.

ABSTRACT In the era of precision medicine, there is a desire to harness our improved understanding of genomic and molecular underpinnings of gliomas to develop therapies that can be tailored to individual patients and tumors. With the rapid development of novel therapies, there has been a growing need to develop smart clinical trials that are designed to efficiently test promising agents, identify therapies likely to benefit patients, and discard ineffective therapies. We review clinical trial design in gliomas and developments designed to address the unique challenges of precision medicine. To provide an overview of this topic, we examine considerations for endpoints and response assessment, biomarkers, and novel clinical trial designs such as adaptive platform trials in the testing of new therapies for glioma patients.
Experimental Artificial Intelligence Systems in Ophthalmology: An Overview

Novel artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, which encompass machine and deep learning systems, are providing opportunities to utilize multisource data for the purposes of disease detection, classification and prediction, as well as surgical screening, training and robotics. Automatic image processing and feature extraction from multimodal sources such as visual fields, optical coherence tomography and fundus photos can be combined with patient demographic, environmental and genetic data to achieve identification and grading of ophthalmic diseases and produce progression, and treatment predictions. In the below chapter, encouraging evidence of these emerging methods is described in the realms of surgical, corneal, retinal, and neuro-ophthalmic topics. While researchers have shown theoretical utility of AI systems, the validation of the proposed techniques on real-world external clinical data, a prerequisite to translating the techniques to patient care, is often times lacking or unsuccessful. Despite this, the potential of AI as a diagnostic and screening tool to improve patient care highlights the continued need for experimental approaches to be applied to tasks which have the potential to reduce time to diagnosis and treatment, improve diagnostic accuracy, predict progression of disease for better monitoring and earlier intervention, detect imaging features which may not be noticeable to manual imaging graders, and provide expert-level diagnosis and treatment recommendations to underserved areas. In particular, it can be predicted that AI will play an important role in the post-COVID-19 era by improving the functionality of telemedicine in the coming years.
Identifying Proteins of the Murine α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Interactome

The α7-Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) is a ligand-gated channel widely expressed in vertebrates, and comprises the principal α-bungarotoxin (α-bgtx) binding protein in the mammalian ce...
Laser capture microdissection and expressed sequence tag analysis of uredinia formed by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust

Abstract Soybean is one of the top five agricultural products in the United States. Soybean rust is caused by the obligate fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow, an exotic pathogen in the U.S. Extensive screening of soybean germplasm has not identified soybean with resistance to all of the different isolates of Asian soybean rust. A biotechnological approach may help to broaden resistance of soybean to this fungus. Using laser capture microdissection, we isolated uredinia formed by P. pachyrhizi on the under side of leaves, extracted the RNA and constructed a cDNA library. A total of 925 cDNAs were sequenced from the library, contigs were formed, and homology searches were conducted to determine the identity of the genes. Forty-one unisequences with significant similarities ( e -value ≤ 10 −5 ) to sequences deposited in the NCBI non-redundant protein databases were identified. Sixteen had similarities to known genes encoding proteins involved in different cellular functions such as energy production, cellular communication/signal transduction, and transcription; twenty-four represented genes encoding hypothetical proteins or proteins with unknown function. Ten unisequences of unknown protein function included conserved domains from InterPro databases. Of the 41 unisequences, 61% were similar to fungal sequences. RT-PCR was used to explore the expression pattern of seventeen rust genes, revealing some targeted for additional study of control of P. pachyrhizi in soybean.
Bachmann's bundle and coronary sinus ostial pacing accentuate left atrial electrical dyssynchrony in an acute canine model.

Activation Sequence During Atrial Pacing Introduction In patients with intraatrial conduction delay and sinus node (SN) dysfunction, pacing Bachmann's bundle (BBR) and coronary sinus ostium (CSO) has been suggested to achieve atrial resynchronization with potential beneficial impact on atrial fibrillation and diastolic heart failure. Clinical studies have not shown superiority of one approach. Methods and Results We studied electrical activation sequence in an open-chest acute canine model of normal atrial function in 8 mongrel dogs under general anesthesia. Bipolar plunge electrodes were distributed over the surface of the atria during unifocal pacing, and intracardiac activation sequence was observed. SN pacing resulted in near-simultaneous activation at midline sites (BBR and CSO); the left atrium (LA) was activated by anterior and posterior wavefronts simultaneously propagating septally to laterally and meeting at the low-lateral perimitral LA. Right atrial appendage (RAA) pacing created intra-RA conduction delay and delayed onset of LA activation. Pacing from RAA, CSO, and BBR resulted in nonsimultaneous activation at midline sites and produced an anteroposterior gradient of LA activation. This phenomenon was seen to the greatest degree with midline pacing and shifted the site of latest activation away from the low-lateral perimitral LA in all pacing configurations except SN pacing. Conclusion Pacing-induced intra-LA activation dispersion is enhanced with midline atrial pacing, and secondarily shifts the site of latest activation away from the lateral mitral annulus. Measuring atrial activation times to the low-lateral perimitral LA can underestimate the degree of atrial dyssynchrony and be misinterpreted as atrial synchrony. Establishing clinical impact requires evaluation of human data.
Diagnosis of Senile Dementia Alzheimer's Type

Diagnosis of senile dementia Alzheimer-type (SDAT) poses a serious challenge because the symptoms of the disease may vary widely, the early stages may be undetectable, other reversible forms of dementia may mimic SDAT, and only histopathological examination may confirm the presence of the disease. The incurability of the disease and assumptions that senility is a normal part of aging may add to a dismissive approach to the disease. A review of recent medical literature attests to professional awareness of inaccuracies and imprecision in diagnosing senile dementia and of the need for more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation. The literature is difficult to integrate however because of terminological confusion, the different levels of specificity at which the disease is discussed and the fundamental ambiguity of the disease.
Real-Time Visualization and Quantification of Contractile Ring Proteins in Single Living Cells

Single-cell microscopy provides a powerful tool to visualize cellular and subcellular processes in wild-type and mutant cells by observing fluorescently tagged proteins. Here, we describe three simple methods to visualize fission yeast cells: gelatin slides, coverslip-bottom dishes, and tetrad fluorescence microscopy. These imaging methods and data analysis using free software make it possible to quantify protein localization, dynamics, and concentration with high spatial and temporal resolution. In fission yeast, the actomyosin contractile ring is essential for cytokinesis. We use the visualization and quantification of contractile ring proteins as an example to demonstrate how to use these methods.
Melanoma in Sinclair Swine: A New Animal Model

A new animal model for the study of melanocytic tumors is presented. A strain of miniature swine, bred for small size, has genetically determined tumors similar to many types of human pigment tumors, from benign junctional nevi to bizarre metastatic melanomas. Some tumors regress spontaneously and this regression may be accompanied by a generalized depigmentation of the animal with a predilection for many of the same anatomic areas involved in human vitiligo. These animals are ideal for study of the interrelationships of senescence, actinic exposure, and other factors in malignant degeneration, as well as the role of immunity and growth control factors in regression and regulation of tumor growth.
Properties of academic paper references

We propose a new method to find related papers using an input paper and its hyperlinked citation relationships rather than keywords. Such related papers are especially useful as background reading for researchers new to a research field. In this paper we introduce the background reading paper extractor (BPE), and show various properties of academic paper references.
Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: A Rare but Aggressive Disease

Unlike the colon and rectum, the small intestine is associated with a very low rate of tumor occurrence. Adenocarcinomas represent the most frequent of these rare digestive tumors and are often fatal as a result of tardy diagnosis. Regardless of the stage, surgery usually remains the cornerstone of small bowel adenocarcinoma therapy. Because of the rarity of the disease, very few significant clinical trials have identified any efficient nonsurgical treatment; however, recent data indicate these tumors might be sensitive to chemotherapy alone or in association with radiation therapy. Conversely, a great deal of progress has been achieved in diagnosis of the tumor, whether by adaptation of existing techniques or development of new ones. We reviewed the clinical aspects of this rare but aggressive disease, focusing on new diagnostic procedures as well as on recent advances in their therapeutic management.
Selective proteolysis of the β2 subunit of Serratia marcescens tryptophan synthase

Abstract Mild digestion of Serratia marcescens tryptophan synthase β 2 subunit produces a modified β 2 subunit (nicked β 2 ). The nicked β 2 subunit remains essentially intact and is immunochemically reactive with native β 2 subunit antiserum. Denaturation of the nicked β 2 subunit yields two principal peptide fragments whose minimum molecular weights are 29,500 and 13,400. Loss of enzyme activity is associated with the selective proteolysis. The enzyme cofactor pyridoxal phosphate binding site is on the larger fragment. Following separation of the fragments by urea-gel chromatography, the separated peptides retain immunological cross-reactivity with native β 2 subunit antiserum. These fragments apparently represent two domains that comprise the native Holo β 2 subunit. The immunochemical data suggest that these fragments, when isolated, can assume some tertiary structure and that they may exist as such prior to β monomer or β 2 dimer assembly. The folded fragments may represent intermediates in the biosynthesis of the β 2 subunit as has been suggested for the E. coli enzyme ( A. Hogberg-Raibaud and M. E. Goldberg, 1977 , Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 74 , 442; Biochemistry 16 , 4014).
A New Species of Palaeosinopa (Insectivora: Pantolestidae) from the Late Paleocene of Western North America

A new species of Palaeosinopa is described from the late Tiffanian Dell Creek Quarry in the Hoback Basin of western Wyoming. This is the oldest record of the genus Palaeosinopa. Palaeosinopa simpsoni Van Valen from the early Tiffanian is synonymized with Paleotomus senior (Simpson), and this taxon is regarded as a pantolestid as originally described, not a palaeoryctid as more recently proposed. Paleotomus is plausibly the ancestor of the middle and late Tiffanian pantolestid Niphredil , and it may be the ancestor of late Tiffanian, Clarkforkian, and Wasatchian Palaeosinopa as well.
Accuracy of the Bernoulli Equation for Estimation of Pressure Gradient Across Stenotic Blalock–Taussig Shunts: An In Vitro and Numerical Study

Accurate assessment of the pressure gradient (PG) across a modified Blalock–Taussig (mBT) shunt is important in planning for staging to a cavopulmonary anastomosis for many patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. The mBT shunt Doppler velocity has been used in the simplified echo Bernoulli equation to predict this PG with variable results. The purpose of this investigation is to provide analysis of the flow dynamics through stenotic mBT shunts and to assess the accuracy of Doppler techniques in determining PGs and the presence and location of stenosis. Three-dimensional models of mBT shunts were created, with and without stenosis. In vitro and computational fluid dynamic flow experiments were carried out. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the Doppler-measured PG underestimated catheter-measured PG in the mBT shunt with diffuse stenosis. In nonstenotic mBT and those that had outlet and inlet stenosis, the Doppler-measured PG showed underestimation of catheter PG at low PG and generally improved estimation at higher PG. In the mBT shunt model with inlet stenosis, there was slight overestimation at higher PG. Numerical simulations provide an ``observation window'' into events occurring in and around mBT shunts showing that the hemodynamics vary significantly. Changing hemodynamic processes are at work through stenotic mBT shunts causing variations in overestimation and underestimation of catheter-measured PG using the simplified echo Bernoulli equation. Our results have relevance to the assessment of patients with mBT shunts, helping to explain some of the discrepancies that investigators have found in the past.