cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BRCA1 binds c-Myc and inhibits its transcriptional and transforming activity in cells

c-Myc, a proto-oncogene that is implicated in tumorigenesis, embryonic development and apoptosis, can physically associate with BRCA1. We have found that BRCA1 interacts with c-Myc in yeast, in in vitro assays and in mammalian cells. Endogenous interactions between BRCA1 and c-Myc were also observed. Efficient BRCA1-Myc association requires the intact helix-loop-helix region of c-Myc, a motif involved in Myc-Max dimerization. BRCA1 does not however bind to Max. Our studies revealed that BRCA1 represses Myc-mediated transcription while having no effect on some other transcriptional activities. Furthermore, BRCA1 reverses the phenotype of embryonic fibroblasts transformed by the activation of Myc and Ras, but only minimally affects the transformed phenotype induced by SV40 virus. These data indicate that BRCA1 may function as a tumor suppressor by regulating the behavior of c-Myc and provide a molecular explanation for some of the effects of the BRCA1 gene product.
Atrial natriuretic factor: physiologic actions and implications in congestive heart failure.

Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) represents a newly recognized hormone of cardiac origin. This peptide is synthesized by the myocardial cells of both atria and released by atrial stretch. The hormone promotes sodium and water excretion by the kidney, inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and reduces systemic arterial pressure. Specific receptors for ANF are present in the kidney, adrenal glands, vascular smooth muscle, platelets and central nervous system. Congrestive heart failure is characterized by increased circulating levels of ANF; however, there appears to be an attenuation in the renal response to the hormone. Recent investigations have reported the effect of systemic administration of synthetic ANF to normal individuals and those with congestive heart failure. The hormone may promote a significant natriuresis and diuresis in addition to reducing arterial pressure and inhibiting renin and aldosterone secretion. Substantial questions remain as to the full physiologic significance and therapeutic potential of this hormone.
Transatlantic Fascism: Ideology, Violence, and the Sacred in Argentina and Italy, 1919–1945

Federico Finchelstein (2010) Transatlantic Fascism: Ideology, Violence, and the Sacred in Argentina and Italy, 1919–1945(Durham, NC: Duke University Press), xiii + 330 pp., ISBN 9780822346128, $24....
Decision support for network disruption mitigation

Our increasing reliance on networks of all types, coupled with their increasing vulnerability to disruption, makes it critical to better understand risks associated with natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and other incidents. However, choosing how to best protect, reinforce, and improve a network given a limited budget is a complex problem. We have developed an integrated approach that examines the effects of different network disruption scenarios for a variety of performance measures. The developed decision support methodology allows for comprehensive exploration of disruption impacts, statistically and visually, and facilitates examination of ''what-if'' planning scenarios.
Model-based satellite acquisition and tracking

A model-based optical processor is introduced for the acquisition and tracking of a satellite in close proximity to an imaging sensor of a space robot. The type of satellite is known in advance, and a model of the satellite (which exists from its design) is used in this task. The model base is used to generate multiple smart filters of the various parts of the satellite, which are used in a symbolic multi-filter optical correlator. The output from the correlator is then treated as a symbolic description of the object, which is operated upon by an optical inference processor to determine the position and orientation of the satellite and to track it as a function of time. The knowledge and model base also serves to generate the rules used by the inference machine. The inference machine allows for feedback to optical correlators or feature extractors to locate the individual parts of the satellite and their orientations.
Mobile internet service: Assessment of quality and satisfaction from the customer's perspective

There are few studies on mobile internet services from the customer’s perspective. To conduct this study, service quality, satisfaction, risk, intention to continue use, and six attributes of mobile internet service were identified. Three attributes of them – ubiquity, reachability, and instant connectivity – were found to influence mobile internet service quality, which in turn affected mobile internet service satisfaction and intention to continue use. Mobile internet service satisfaction affected intention to continue use. Mobile internet risk neither affected mobile internet service quality, nor had significant effects on mobile internet service satisfaction and intention to continue use.
Trends in manpower needs in information science from 1967 to 1982

The Interdisciplinary Doctoral Program in Information Science (IDIS) at the University of Pittsburgh conducted a survey of the need for professionals in information science at three levels of education; B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. About 6,000 questionnaires were sent to potential employers randomly selected from lists of industrial concerns, government agencies, research and educational organizations, defense contractors, and professional associations. A brief survey of the field of information science and a summary of the manpower needs are given.
Coagulation and hematological studies in primitive Australian mammals.

Abstract 1. 1. Blood from the monotreme, echidna, and the marsupials, wallaby and quokka, closely resembled that of other mammals. 2. 2. Most of the recognized coagulation factors were present, although their concentrations differed from those in human plasma. This may be due to actual “deficiencies” or to species differences in protein interactions resulting in apparently low assays. 3. 3. The animals' plasmas contained profibrinolysin and antifibrinolysin. The former could be activated by urokinase but not by streptokinase. 4. 4. Erythrocytes were small, numerous and non-nucleated. White cells resembled their human counterparts. Platelets were numerous and appeared to function similarly to human platelets. Echidna blood contained a motile parasite of platelet-like size.
Human papillomavirus isolated from transplant-associated porokeratoses of mibelli responsive to topical 5% imiquimod cream.

Adam C. Esser, MD, Mark R. Pittelkow, MD, and Henry W. Randle, MD, PhD, have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Stratigraphic value of silicoflagellates in nontropical regions

Silicoflagellates are important biostratigraphic markers for age determination in nontropical regions because age-diagnostic calcareous microfossils are sparse. Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic biostratigraphic zonation is proposed, based on silicoflagellates from Deep Sea Drilling Project sites in the subantarctic region.
Psychological theories of hippocampal function

Theories and models of the hippocampus have typically linked this structure to various psychological processes, for example, internal inhibition, response inhibition, attentional shift, at-tentional “tuning out,” recognition memory, long-term memory selection, contextual retrieval, spatial memory, working memory, and chunking. Predictions made from various models are contrasted with reproducible hippocampal lesion data obtained from various experimental paradigms: habituation to novelty, acquisition, extinction, discrimination reversal, spontaneous alternation, latent inhibition, blocking, overshadowing, passive avoidance, maze learning, working memory procedures, latent learning, retrograde spatial memory, and conditioned inhibition. No single model correctly predicts all the empirical evidence. It is suggested that the hippocampal function, rather than subserving a unitary psychological function, might be better described as a computational-representational activity.
Bio‐Economics: Social Economy Versus the Chicago School

The description “bio‐economics” is currently being claimed by two opposing schools of thought. For one group of economists, led by Kenneth Boulding, Herman Daly and Nicholas Georgescu‐Roegen, the term is chosen to emphasise the biological foundations of our economic activity. They remind us that the human species, as members of the animal kingdom, live as other species do, by taking low entropy from the natural environment and discharging it back into that environment as high‐entropy waste. The economic system is thus viewed as a sub‐set of larger processes taking place in the natural world. This school questions the reductionism typical of modern science and seeks to build an alternative approach based on a holistic view of nature and society.
One‐Step Interfacial Synthesis and Assembly of Ultrathin Luminescent AuNPs/Silica Membranes

A facile one-step strategy is explored to achieve uniform luminescent Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a two-dimensional ultrathin silica matrix based on simultaneous reaction and assembly at the liquid-liquid interface. The as-prepared AuNPs/silica nanocomposites can be further employed to fabricate micrometer-thick films with bifunctional luminescent and superhydrophobic properties. Such a versatile concept is ideal for the development of multifunctional devices.
Subverting sterols: rerouting an oxysterol-signaling pathway to promote tumor growth

Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that are generated enzymatically or through autoxidation. Initially identified as important lipid signaling molecules in the context of atherosclerosis and inflammation, accumulated evidence indicates that these lipid-signaling molecules can have pleiotropic effects on the fate and function of the immune system. These effects range from the regulation of immune cell survival and proliferation to chemotaxis and antiviral immunity. New studies now indicate that tumor-derived oxysterols can serve to subvert the immune system by recruiting protumorigenic neutrophils into the tumor microenvironment. The consequence of this recruitment is the generation of proangiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinase proteins that provide a tumor a significant growth and survival advantage. In combination with other recent studies, these data highlight the ongoing cross talk between sterol metabolism and the immune system, and they raise the intriguing possibility that targeting oxysterol pathways could serve as a novel therapeutic approach in the war on cancer.
Effects of high beam rates on TPCs

The TPC's (Time Projection Chamber) used in E-810 at the AGS (Alternating Gradient Synchroton) were exposed to silicon ion fluxes equivalent to more than 10{sup 7} minimum ionizing particles per second to measure the distortion of the electric field caused by positive ions in the drift region. Results of these tests are presented and the consequences for the TPC based experiment at RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) are discussed.
Adult congenital heart disease

Thomas P. Graham, Jr., M.D., is the Ann and Monroe Carell Family Professor of Pediatric Cardiology and Director of the Division of Pediatric Cardiology at Vanderbilt Medical Center. He has served on the Board of Trustees at the American College of Cardiology, Chaired the Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease Committee of the American College of Cardiology, served as Chair of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the young of the American Heart Association and served as Chair of the Sub Board of Pediatric Cardiology for the American Board of Pediatrics. He has been on the editorial Boards of Circulation, JACC, Am J Cardiol and is the Pediatric editor for the Yearbook of Cardiology. Dr Graham has authored over 250 publications and has a long standing interest in long term follow-up of patients with congenital heart disease particularly with reference to ventricular function. He is the current president of the International Society of Adult Congenital Cardiac Disease.
Building a Low-Cost, Low-Labor Library Web Site at Hillsborough Community College

When an institutional program review determined the Hillsborough Community College Libraries Web site was out-of-date, lacked resources, and was in desperate need of a makeover, the authors embarked upon a redesign project. The article describes the challenges and considerations that contributed to the authors’ decision-making and design processes. Library governance, staffing, expertise, and resource and funding availability all played roles in directing a total site redesign. In addition, the organizational structure for a decentralized, multi-campus Web site needed to be reconciled with the Web platform chosen for the redesign. Ultimately, the authors determined that LibGuides, traditionally used for creating research guides, could be the foundation of a new Web site. In fact, the flexibility and unique features of LibGuides allowed them to easily adapt it to serve a five-campus library system. A description of the redesign process is given with emphasis on features that were appealing to the authors a...
Lambda-hyperconvexity in metric spaces

We introduce the concept of λ-hyperconvexity in metric spaces, generalizing the classical notion of a hyperconvex metric space. We show that a bounded metric space which is λ-hyperconvex has the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings provided λ < 2. Uniformly convex Banach spaces are examples of such λ-hyperconvex spaces for some λ < 2. We furthermore investigate the relationship between Penot’s Intersection Property and 2hyperconvexity. §
FEM shape optimization: A case for interactive graphics

Abstract Problems of optimal shape can lead to numerical difficulties using the finite element method when the aspect ratios of elements degenerate. This paper discusses interactive computer graphics as a means of dealing with these difficulties for the case of a simple, plane stress (strain) finite element. Examples include both an ad hoc manual method for re-defining node locations and the use of a mesh generating algorithm.
A20: linking a complex regulator of ubiquitylation to immunity and human disease

A20 (also known as TNFAIP3) is a potent anti-inflammatory signalling molecule that restricts multiple intracellular signalling cascades. Recent studies in three general areas have converged to highlight the clinical and biological importance of A20. First, human genetic studies have strongly linked polymorphisms and mutations in the gene encoding A20 to inflammatory, autoimmune and malignant diseases. Second, studies in gene-targeted mice have revealed that A20 regulates multiple immune cell functions and prevents experimental diseases that closely mimic human conditions. Third, biochemical studies have unveiled complex mechanisms by which A20 regulates ubiquitin-dependent nuclear factor-κB and cell-survival signals. Taken together, these studies are revealing the importance of A20-mediated regulation of ubiquitin-dependent signalling in human disease.
Advanced Technologies And State-Of-The-Art For High Bandwidth CO 2 Heterodyne Detection

The requirements and technology solutions for present day CO2 Doppler laser radar receivers are explained and heterodyne sensitivity for state-of-the-art Hg1-xCdxTe high speed detectors quoted. Future system needs and the technologies which will be applied to meet those needs are discussed.
On Hadamard-type stability of single-integral constitutive equations for viscoelastic liquids

Abstract This paper studies the Hadamard-type stability of viscoelastic constitutive equations (VECEs) of single-integral type by the analysis of local linear stability against extremely short and fast disturbances. The analysis is quite similar to that previously considered for Maxwell-like VECEs of differential type. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the global stability (i.e. stability for any type of flow and any value of velocity gradient) are obtained in algebraic form for the time-strain separable single-integral VECEs with instantaneous elasticity. These conditions are then applied to the analysis of the stability for some single-integral VECEs proposed in the literature: Oldroyd-Lodge model, some specifications of the Kaye-BK-Z model and two modifications of the VECEs proposed by Wagner. It is shown that apart from very particular cases, both Wagner's VECEs are unstable in the Hadamard-type sense, seemingly due to poor (or the absence of any) relations to thermodynamic description.
Recovery of the Si–SiO2 interface studied by self-diffusion after high fluence ion implantation of 28Si

Abstract In this work, we discuss the recovery of the Si–SiO 2 interface after high fluence ion implantation of isotope pure 28 Si fluences of 1 × 10 16 –5 × 10 16 at./cm 2 into 50 nm thick thermally grown SiO 2 on (1 0 0)-silicon and subsequent thermal treatment. The implantation energy was chosen to be 32 keV in order to place the maximum of the implanted concentration profile into the interface. The ion implanted Si provokes ion induced atomic mixing and over-stoichiometric 28 Si in the SiO 2 layer. The depth profiles of 28 Si, 29 Si and 30 Si isotopes, the trimer 28 Si 3 and oxygen were measured by dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using low energy Cs + sputter ions with 1.5 keV before and after annealing of the samples. Matrix effects, often encountered in dynamic SIMS depth profiling, obscuring the measured secondary ion yield depth profiles in close vicinity to the SiO 2 –Si interface, were eliminated by analyzing the Si isotope composition. By this technique material transport processes involved in the recovery of the interface by self-diffusion was studies. It was found, that transport of oxygen dominates and leads to oxidation of excess Si in close proximity to the interface.
Edge and aspect ratio effects on natural convection from the horizontal heated plate facing downwards

Abstract Results of an experimental study of natural convection from a downward facing horizontal heated plate are reported. Measurements were made for square and rectangular plates in air, water and a high Prandtl number oil. The plates were used with bare edges and with approximately adiabatic extensions around the edges. An explanation and correlation of the edge effects is made in terms of displacing the origin of a boundary layer solution. The correlation so obtained accounts for bare edges or adiabatic extensions, and plate aspect ratio, unlike those previously available.
Intraperitoneal spillage of formalin after intravesical instillation

Abstract Intravesical instillation of formalin appears to be a method of choice in the control of massive hematuria following radiation cystitis. It is generally described as a safe, cheap, effective procedure. We report a case of intraperitoneal spillage of formalin and describe the metabolic and extensive medical problems encountered in the four-week period following the incident before the patient's death.
Production of nephrotic syndrome in rats by Freund's adjuvants and rat kidney suspensions.

Summary1) A severe nephrotic syndrome was noted in 20 rats given Freund's adjuvants and a supernate of rat kidney suspension by intraperitoneal injection. When kidney tissue was replaced by liver, only 3 of 21 animals developed a much milder renal disease. Lung or muscle suspensions failed to induce proteinuria in 10 rats. 2) In large doses (0.5 ml) Freund's adjuvants alone produced a mild nephrotic disease in 3 of 10 rats. Even though the smaller amounts of the adjuvants usually used (0.25 ml) never produced proteinuria, slight histological alterations of the glomerular structure were frequently noted. 3) In contradistinction to other tissue suspensions addition of rat kidney supernate enhanced the effect of adjuvants markedly and regularly. 4) The small amounts of rat kidney proteins used, support the interpretation that an isoand autosensitization mechanism is at play.
Dialectical behavior therapy group skills training in a community mental health setting: a pilot study.

Effective and affordable therapies are needed for treating people with severe and persistent mental illness in a community mental health setting. In this pilot study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a modified Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) protocol for improving symptoms and functioning in a cohort of persons with severe and persistent mental illness. We provided 6 months of weekly DBT skills training in a group setting. Depression symptoms decreased significantly after treatment. There was a wide range of number of sessions attended, with a minority of the participants completing the full course of treatment. Increased attendance was correlated with improvements in depression symptoms, overall symptoms, quality of life and community functioning. The study findings suggest that the group skills training component of DBT can be successfully implemented in a community mental health center and that further research to determine its efficacy in comparison to other treatments is warranted.
Unexpected side products in the conjugation of an amine-derivatized morpholino oligomer with p-isothiocyanate benzyl DTPA and their removal

In connection with pretargeting, an amine-derivatized morpholino phosphorodiamidate oligomer (NH(2)-cMORF) was conjugated conventionally with p-isothiocyanate benzyl-DTPA (p-SCN-Bn-DTPA). However, after (111)In radiolabeling, unexpected label instability was observed. To understand this instability, the NH(2)-cMORF and, as control, the native cMORF without the amine were conjugated in the conventional manner. Surprisingly, the (111)In labeling of the native cMORF conjugate was equally effective as that of the NH(2)-cMORF conjugate (>95%) despite the absence of the amine group. Furthermore, heating the radiolabeled NH(2)-cMORF and native cMORF conjugates resulted in a 35% loss and a complete loss of the label, respectively. Since the (111)In labeled DTPA is known to be stable, the instability in both cases must be due to some unstable association of DTPA to the cMORF, presumably unstable association to some endogenous sites in cMORF. Based on this assumption, a postconjugation-prepurification heating step was introduced, and labeling efficiency and stability were again investigated. By introducing the heating step, the side products were dissociated, and after purification and labeling, the NH(2)-cMORF conjugate provided a stable label and high labeling efficiency with no need for postlabeling purification. The biodistribution of this radiolabeled conjugate in normal mice showed significantly lower backgrounds compared with the labeled unstable native cMORF conjugate. In conclusion, the conventional conjugation procedure to attach the p-SCN-Bn-DTPA to NH(2)-cMORF resulted in side product(s) that were responsible for the (111)In label instability. Adding a postconjugation-prepurification heating step dissociated the side products, improved the label stability and lowered tissue backgrounds in mice.
Measurement of biodynamic response of human hand–arm system

Abstract Biodynamics of the human hand–arm system is one of the most important foundations for understanding hand-transmitted vibration exposure and its health effects. Considerable differences among the reported data of the biodynamic response (BR) of the hand–arm system have been observed. A significant portion of the differences are believed to have resulted from instrumentation problems and/or computational algorithm errors. To help establish a reliable and accurate methodology for BR measurement, this study addresses the fundamental instrumentation issues. Specifically, the general theory of the driving-point BR is reviewed and summarized. An accurate mass cancellation method for BR measurement is identified and further developed. A set of methods is proposed to systematically examine and calibrate the BR measurement system. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analyses, several instrumentation and algorithm problems are identified. This study demonstrated that the instrumentation problems can be resolved or avoided by appropriately selecting the force and motion sensors, improving the structure design of the instrumented handle and fixture, using the frequency-domain method for the handle mass cancellation, and conducting the static and dynamic calibrations of the measurement system using the proposed methods. The information and knowledge presented in this paper can help to generate reliable experimental data in further BR studies.
Nanosecond time resolved epr spectroscopy. EPR time profile via electron spin echo. CIDEP

Abstract Spin-echo method has been applied to the study of time profiles and CIDEP in transient radicals produced by laser photolysis. Resolution was ≈ 20–30 ns and observations made even during the laser pulse. Benzoquinone, duroquinone and benzophenone in isopropanol were examined; EPR spectra at short times and kinetic traces of prominent peaks are illustrated.
Evaluation of fungicides for control of species of Fusarium on longleaf pine seed.

Abstract Longleaf pine production in the southeastern United States can be limited by species of Fusarium, which decrease seed germination and seedling survival. Benomyl, difenoconazole, hydrogen dioxide, mancozeb, and thiabendazole were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of four species of Fusarium and to enhance longleaf pine seed germination. Species of Fusarium did not grow on benomyl- or mancozeb-amended media. Only F. solani grew on thiabendazole and hydrogen dioxide-amended media. In laboratory studies, mancozeb and benomyl seed treatments significantly improved longleaf pine seed germination compared to controls. In greenhouse studies, fungicide treatment did not increase germination over nontreated controls. Recovery of Fusarium spp. from mancozeb and hydrogen dioxide treated seed was significantly lower than nontreated controls.
Social Support Resource Outcomes for the Clients of Two Assertive Community Treatment Teams

Persons with serious mental illness require natural as well as professional supports to maintain successful community integration. Assertive community treatment programs have become preferred treat...
The relation of photooxidized histidines in yeast enolase to enzymatic activity.

Abstract The photooxidation of yeast enolase using rose bengal ( Westhead, 1965 ) has been reexamined. Four histidines per subunit are oxidized during complete inactivation but only one is critical for maintaining enzymatic activity. The bulk of the protection against photoinactivation is afforded by high concentrations of magnesium (midpoint concentration = 2.5 m m ) but only in the presence of substrate, placing the critical histidine at or near the binding site of either catalytic or inhibitory magnesium. The tryptic peptide containing this histidine has been isolated by triethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography, preparative-paper electrophoresis, and chromatography on phosphorylated cellulose. Amino acid analysis, aminoterminal determination, and electrophoretic migration give the structure: -His-(Asn, Leu)-Lys-. The peptide may be tentatively assigned as residues 180–183 in the enolase amino acid sequence (C. C. Q. Chin, F. Wold, and J. M. Brewer, Fed. Proc. , 1978, 37 , 1618). Binding of the chromophoric competitive inhibitor, 3-aminoenolpyruvate-2-phosphate, by photoinactivated enolase showed no changes in the dissociation constants or stoichiometry. However, the extinction coefficient at 295 nm of bound 3-aminoenolpyruvate-2-phosphate was reduced from 22,000 to 10,700 m −1 cm −1 , indicating an alteration in the environment associated with the bound inhibitor. The critical histidine does not appear to be necessary for substrate-inhibitor binding but is required for enzymatic activity.
Exploring Collective Dynamics in Communication Networks

A communication network, such as the Internet, comprises a complex system where cooperative phenomena may emerge from interactions among various traffic flows generated and forwarded by individual nodes. To identify and understand such phenomena, we model a network as a two-dimensional cellular automaton. We suspect such models can promote better understanding of the spatial-temporal evolution of network congestion, and other emergent phenomena in communication networks. To search the behavior space of the model, we study dynamic patterns arising from interactions among traffic flows routed across shared network nodes, as we employ various configurations of parameters and two different congestion-control algorithms. In this paper, we characterize correlation in congestion behavior within the model at different system sizes and time granularities. As expected, we find that long-range dependence (LRD) appears at some time granularities, and that for a given network size LRD decays as time granularity increases. As network size increases, we find that long-range dependence exists at larger time scales. To distinguish effects due to network size from effects due to collective phenomena, we compare congestion behavior within networks of selected sizes to congestion behavior within comparably sized sub-areas in a larger network. We find stronger long-range dependence for sub-areas within the larger network. This suggests the importance of modeling networks of sufficiently large size when studying the effects of collective dynamics.
Limnocythere Titicaca New Species (Ostracoda, Cytheridae) From Lake Titicaca, Bolivia

In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig ein cytherider Ostracode Limnocythere titicaca sp. nov., aus dem Titicaca-See beschrieben.
782. Long-Term Expression of EIAV Lentivectors Pseudotyped with Influenza Virus Spike Glycoproteins after Nasal Delivery to Mice

Top of pageAbstract There are multiple challenges for achieving long-term expression by lentivirus-mediated gene transfer. Potential problems include down-regulation or destruction of transduced cells due to an immune response or shut down of gene expression due to silencing. Cell- specific promoters may help alleviate some of these potential problems by restricting expression to a smaller subset of cells, or by promoting regulated expression in terminally differentiated cells. The purpose of this study was to determine how constructs containing various airway-specific promoters behave in an in vivo mouse model for airway gene transfer. Specifically, we were interested in the duration of expression following nasal delivery and whether there was an immune response to lentivectors based upon equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). SIN vectors were constructed containing gfp, luciferase, or lacZ reporter genes driven by the human FOXJ1 promoter or the long terminal repeats (LTR) of Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus (JSRV) or Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus (ENTV). Control vectors contained a composite CMV/beta-actin (CB) promoter. Adult outbred mice were inoculated intranasally with luciferase vectors pseudotyped with influenza hemagglutinin (HA). We utilized a cooled-coupled device (CCD) camera to image the mice starting at week 2 post-infection. At week 12, some of the mice were infected with a second HA-pseudotyped vector that expressed GFP or beta-galactosidase. Blood was drawn from these mice prior to infection and at 1 and 14 weeks post-infection to determine if there was a neutralizing antibody response to HA pseudotyped vectors or to control vectors pseudotyped with VSV- G. Stable luciferase expression was observed through week 22 in mice receiving the FOXJ1-luciferase vector. Mice receiving the ENTV, JSRV and CB promoter constructs showed more variation in levels of expression. Luciferase expression was still observed in most of the mice at week 14 when all but three of the FOXJ1-luciferase mice were sacrificed. Analysis of heat-inactivated serum demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies directed against the HA pseudotyped vector were produced in mice that received two doses of at least 100,000 infectious vector particles. Neutralizing activity was not observed after a single dose of the vector. Experiments are in progress to determine vector expression levels following re-administration to mice that have developed neutralizing serum antibodies. In conclusion, we observed expression from the EIAV FOXJ1-luciferase vector for at least 22 weeks following a single administration to the nose. Stability of luciferase expression was dependent upon the promoter used to drive transcription. Expression from the FOXJ1 promoter showed the most consistency between mice and was more stable over time than the other promoters that were tested.
The Second-Forbidden Beta Spectra of Co 60 and Sc 46

A hitherto unreported high-energy beta-ray component has been found in the decay of ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$. Its abundance and end point are (0.15\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01) percent and 1.48\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Mev, respectively. The abundance and end point of the ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{46}$ high-energy component are (0.096\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01) percent and 1.25\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 Mev, respectively. Both the ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$ and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{46}$ spectra can be fitted with the ${C}_{2T}$ correction factor corresponding to $\ensuremath{\Delta}J=2$ and no parity change. The $log\mathrm{ft}$ values, uncorrected for the forbidden shape, are: ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$=12.6, and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{46}$=11.3. The decay schemes are discussed.
A finite element analysis of the finite width interface mixed mode bi-material fracture problem

One aspect of the terminal crack, mixed mode bi-material fracture mechanics problem is investigated using finite elements. The influence of a finite width bond line interface is considered for one representative material pair combination (E2E1 = 0.10). The stress intensity factors for an inclined crack terminating at a variable thickness interface are established as a function of crack inclination. Since the order of the stress singularity is not the typical r−12 associated with LEFM problems, variable power singular finite elements are used to model the terminating crack tip. Crack tip stress distributions and probable angles of crack extension are presented as a function of crack inclination and bond line thickness. Crack tip stress distributions assuming an interfacial debonding criterion are presented as a function of crack inclination and bond line thickness.
Separating the Noise from the Noise: A Finding in Support of the “Niche Hypothesis,” That Birds are Influenced by Human-Induced Noise in Natural Habitats

ABSTRACTControlling for the confounding influence of physical disturbance, it was possible to test the hypothesis that ambient noise alone would play a role in structuring bird communities in riparian habitats in Boulder, Colorado, USA. Point counts of birds were conducted in open space/minimally disturbed, residential, commercial and industrial neighborhoods. Within the same disturbance parameters and land use, species richness and PIF scores (a weighted value based on species' importance) consistently and significantly decreased as ambient noise increased. These results can be viewed as support for the “Niche Hypothesis” (Krause 1987, 1998), that wildlife species' acoustic niches are adversely affected by human-induced noise pollution.
Binding of cytosol receptor-glucocorticoid complexes by isolated nuclei of glucocorticoid-responsive and nonresponsive cultured cells.

Nuclear binding of the AtT-20 cytosol receptor-glucocorticoid complex was studied in a cellfree system using nuclei from steroid-responsive (AtT-20) and nonresponsive (EPO-G1) cell lines, both of which synthesize ACTH. The AtT-20 cell line was derived from a mouse pituitary adenocarcinoma, while the EPO cell line was established from a human malignant melanoma. The nonresponsive EPO cells lacked a cytosol receptor for glucocorticoids, and, when whole cells were incubated with labeled glucocorticoid, they were unable to concentrate the steroid in their nuclei. A cellfree system using AtT-20 cytosol preincubated with labeled glucocorticoid was used to study binding by isolated nuclei. Binding to isolated nuclei from both cell lines was indistinguishable, in terms of temperature sensitivity, binding capacity, and saturability. Sucrose density gradient analyses of KC1 extracts of nuclei labeled under these cell-free conditions showed 3.2–3.6 S peaks. In contrast, a 4.0 S peak was observed consistently when un...
A Differential Dual Integrated Circuit Video If with Built-in AGC for Color Television

This paper explains a new video IF amplifier for color television incorporating a high performance integrated circuit and a discrete output transistor. The integrated circuit (XC1352P) functions in two capacities: first as a unilateralized 50db gain IF amplifier with 65db usable AGC range; and second as a gated keyer and AGC amplifier with delayed AGC output for the tuner. The discrete transistor (MPS6544) with low Cre; functions as an un-neutralized output stage driving the detectors. Overall sensitivity is 250?V rms at 44MHz for 3V detected output (70db power gain). Admittance variations with AGC are negligible, leaving the in-channel pass band and adjacent channel rejection independent of AGC. The above characteristics indicate that video IF amplifiers superior to those used today can be made by incorporating both the XC1352P and MPS6544. Encapsulation of the dual function integrated circuit in a single 14 pin dual in-line plastic package will bring the overall cost of these functions down to competitive prices.
Electrical and Physical Analysis of MoTa Alloy for Gate Electrode Applications

This article presents Mo x Ta v as a potential candidate for dual metal complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) applications. The electrical characterization results of MoTa alloy indicates that the effective work function can be controlled to around 4.3 eV on SiO 2 and is suitable for n-type MOS gate electrode application. The MoTa alloy forms a solid solution instead of an intermetallic compound. We report that the MoTa solid solution can achieve low work function values and is stable up to 900°C. X-ray diffraction results indicated only a single MoTa alloy phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed that no Mo-Ta compound bonding formed within the MoTa alloy. Moreover, from Auger electron spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis, MoTa was found to be stable on SiO 2 under high-temperature anneals and no metal diffusion into substrate Si channel was detected. This indicates that Mo x Ta y is a good candidate for CMOS metal gate applications.
Transient modeling of GaAs/AlGaAs pnpn optoelectronic switches

Four-layer pnpn electrophotonic devices are studied to improve both the dc characteristics and transient switching performance. The performance and analysis of AlGaAs/GaAs pnpn electrophotonic devices are examined numerically against experimental results. Preliminary results are shown to be instrumental and essential in the design and analysis of four-layer AlGaAs/GaAs PNPN bistable optoelectronic devices. The simulation methods studied in this work are aimed at overcoming the limitations of existing simulators.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Generation of MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes by expression of a viral protein in muscle cells: antigen presentation by non-muscle cells.

Expression of reporter genes in muscle cells has been achieved by intramuscular (i.m.) injection of plasmid DNA expression vectors. We previously demonstrated that this technique is an effective means of immunization to elicit both antibodies capable of conferring homologous protection and cell-mediated immunity leading to cross-strain protection against influenza virus challenge in mice. These results suggested that expression of viral proteins by muscle cells can result in the generation of cellular immune responses, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, because DNA has the potential to be internalized and expressed by other cell types, we sought to determine whether or not induction of CTL required synthesis of antigen in non-muscle cells and, if not, whether transfer of antigen to antigen-presenting cells from muscle cells may be involved. In the present study, we demonstrate that transplantation of nucleoprotein (NP)-transfected myoblasts into syngeneic mice led to the generation of NP-specific antibodies and CTL, and cross-strain protective immunity against a lethal challenge with influenza virus. Furthermore, transplantation of NP-expressing myoblasts (H-2k) intraperitoneally into F1 hybrid mice (H-2d × H-2k) elicited NP CTL restricted by the MHC haplotype of both parental strains. These results indicate that NP expression by muscle cells after transplantation was sufficient to generate protective cell-mediated immunity, and that induction of the CTL response was mediated, at least in part, by transfer of antigen from the transplanted muscle cells to a host cell.
The perils of e‐mail communications in nonprofits

Nonprofits typically operate in a multicultural and global environment. Critical to their success is effective communications by their leaders. But effective communications is a challenge as e-mail has become the medium of choice for communications among most nonprofit executives. Communicating with their culturally diverse stakeholders using the less personal medium of e-mails could be jeopardized unless nonprofit executives consciously focus on how recipients might decode their message. By understanding the interactions of the linguistic, cultural, and social processes inherent in the encoding and decoding of communications, they can attenuate misunderstandings. Learning from a series of personal and damaging e-mails experienced by one of the authors in a global nonprofit organization, the authors underline the need to be culturally sensitive in e-mail communications in a multicultural organization. This article highlights the challenge faced by leaders and managers of nonprofits to be direct yet polite when not communicating face-to-face with their stakeholders.
The Relevance of Prostatectomy Findings for Brachytherapy Selection in Patients with Localized Prostate Carcinoma

BACKGROUND The efficacy of brachytherapy for patients with localized prostate carcinoma depends on adequate radiotherapeutic coverage of the primary tumor and its subclinical extraprostatic extensions. Predictive models based on pretherapy factors may be useful to estimate the likelihood for clinically relevant extraprostatic disease and may be incorporated into selection criteria for this procedure. METHODS Multivariate logistic regression model building was performed using pretherapy factors in 2905 surgically staged patients with localized prostate carcinoma to estimate the probability of seminal vesicle and/or lymph node involvement. Bootstrap methods were employed to assess the stability of the final model parameters and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the final model. RESULTS Clinical tumor classification, biopsy Gleason score groupings, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels were associated with seminal vesicle and/or pelvic lymph node involvement. These factors were incorporated into a multivariate model that predicted for these adverse histopathologic features. Allowing for up to a 10% likelihood for seminal vesicle and/or pelvic lymph node involvement, patients with tumors classified as T1c–T2a, Gleason scores of 2–6, and PSA ≤ 16 ng/mL; or with tumors classified as T1c–T2a, Gleason scores of 7–10, and PSA ≤ 4 ng/mL; or with tumors classified as T2b–T2c, Gleason scores of 2–6, and PSA ≤ 6 ng/mL would be potential candidates for brachytherapy alone. CONCLUSIONS The predictive model presented may provide criteria whereby an adequately performed prostate brachytherapy procedure is expected to encompass the intraprostatic and adjacent extraprostatic disease. Prostate brachytherapy alone may be considered in these circumstances, whereas the addition of external beam radiotherapy may be reserved for patients with disease that is apt to extend beyond the brachytherapy target volume. Cancer 2002;95:513–9. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10697
Effects of paraquat on parent generation female and F1 suckling mice using different treatment regimes.

The herbicide paraquat (1,1{prime}-dimethyl-4,4{prime}-bipyridinium dichloride) is used extensively in commercial agriculture throughout the world. Paraquat has been found to affect reproductive success in bobwhite quail, rats, mice and frogs. Significant effects were found on parent (P) generation female, suckling and weanling mortality and lung tissue following administration of 125 mg/kg paraquat, in food, to pregnant mice then to the young to 49 days post partum. The current study was designed to ascertain paraquat effects on P females using different treatment regimes and to clarify the cause of suckling mortality. A series of cross-fostering experiments was performed to evaluate suckling mortality resulting from paraquat transfer via the placenta and via milk.
Compositional and structural characterization of pectic material from Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice

Abstract In citrus juices pectin is one of the major components of the suspended cloud material that imparts desirable appearance, texture and flavor. Citrus pectin is a structurally diverse polysaccharide with a backbone of α-(1,4)-galacturonic acid (GalA) residues, a variable proportion of which may be methylesterified, and interspersed with regions containing repeating rhamnogalacturonan dimers. We have acid extracted pectin from commercial Frozen Concentrated Orange Juice (FCOJ) and assessed its macromolecular properties, including soluble sugar composition and molecular weight as well as its degree (DM) and pattern (DB, DBabs) of methyl-esterification. The extracted material was composed mainly of polysaccharides (82%) dominated by galacturonic acid (39.2%), arabinose (13.2%) and galactose (25.6%). Protein accounted for approximately 4% of the extracted material and included arabinogalactan protein (AGP). The Number Average Molecular Weight (Mn) of the extracted material as determined by MALLS-SEC was estimated at 1.462 × 106 Da indicating the presence of aggregates. The pectin DM was relatively high at 74.7% with very few contiguous demethylesterified GalA residues (DB = 15.92, DBabs = 4.03). Treatment with various pectinolytic, hemicellulytic, or proteolytic enzymes allowed us to evaluate the contribution of various structural domains to the macrostructural architecture of the extracted material. Various enzyme treatments of the extract produced of a second, lower Mn peak and a loss of material in the larger Mn peak. The Mn varied according to the enzymatic digestion method employed, from 1.5 × 106 Da for the parent material, to 1.4 × 103 Da when treated with Rapidase Adex-P.
The application of temporal logic to digital systems design

Considers the use of temporal logic in a role broadly comparable to that currently played in digital circuit design by Hardware Description Languages (HDLs), such as VHDL and ELLA are conventionally used first to specify, or describe, a circuit at some level of abstraction, and then to simulate the circuit definition thus generated. Current HDLs suffer from two drawbacks: (i) they have no formal semantic basis, and are thus unable to provide support for the process of verifying that the structural description correctly implements a given behavioural specification; (ii) their notion of behavioural specification is essentially algorithmic, and is thus at a relatively low level of abstraction, particularly when compared with notations-such as Z and VDM-currently available for use in software specification. The authors indicate how a particular system of temporal logic, Moszkowski's Interval Temporal Logic (ITL), together with the associated programming language, Tempura, provide a notation for circuit definition capable of overcoming these drawbacks, while at the same time presenting the designer with a conceptual framework which is relatively appealing at the intuitive level.