cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Effects of Temperature on the Transmission of Pea Enation Mosaic Virus and on the Biology of the Pea Aphid Vector

The transmission of pea enation mosaic virus to sweet pea, Lathyrus odoratus , by the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), was compared at 10°, 20°, and 30°C. Temperature affected virus acquisition more than it did inoculation. Most of the reduction in virus acquisition occurred at 10°C with acquisition access periods of more than 3 hours. The effect of temperature on inoculation was almost entirely associated with reduced transmission efficiency in inoculation access periods equal to or less than 30 minutes at 10°C. The median latent period decreased from 70 hours at 10°C to 25 and 14 hours at 20° and 30°C, respectively. There was evidence that the efficiency of virus transmission was negatively correlated with the length of the latent period. The probability of transmission, after completion of the latent period, decreased with time in serial-transmission experiments. The weighted mean period of retention of inoculativity varied from 29.5 days at 10°C to 13.7 and 4.3 days at 20° and 30°C, respectively. Infective aphids had net reproductive rates and generation times that were similar to noninfective aphids.
Multi-Terminal HVDC Transmission Technologies and Its Application Prospects in China

With the development of HVDC technology,multi-terminal DC(MTDC) transmission technology has received increasing attentions.The situations of HVDC circuit breakers,MTDC control,MTDC simulation,and the developing trends of novel MTDC technologies are presented in the paper.Then,the application prospect of MTDC transmission system in China was analyzed,and the significant development potential and broad application prospect of MTDC in China were concluded.Finally,some specific application scenarios of MTDC in China were demonstrated.
Interaction Between HBS-β°-Tha lassemia and α-Thalassemia

ABSTRACT We have defined the clinical and laboratory characteristics of a group of patients with HbS-β°-thalassemia plus α-thalassemia, by analysis of erythrocyte indices, hemoglobin A 2 and F levels, globin biosynthesis studies and α-globin gene mapping. Patients with HbS-β° + α-thalassemia closely resembled individuals with HbS-β°-thalassemia except for balanced globin synthesis ratios and a lower HbF level. The frequency of painful crises, leg ulceration, aseptic necrosis of bone and acute chest syndrome was similar in HbS-β° + α-thalassemia patients and controls with sickle cell anemia (HbSS), HbSS-α-thalassemiaand HbS-β°-thalassemia. These findings are consistent with previous work which failed to show a reduction in the vaso-occlusive severity of sickle cell disease by the coexistence of α-thalassemia.
Rehabilitation After Upper Extremity Burns

The rehabilitation of the patient with an upper extremity burn begins with the study and understanding of the magnitude of burn problems. The initial care as well as reconstruction of selected chronic deformities is presented to help the physician to develop an approach to some of the more common burn injuries.
A homogenisation-based continuum damage mechanics model for cyclic damage in 3D composites

This paper develops a 3D homogenisation based continuum damage mechanics (HCDM) model for fibre-reinforced composites undergoing micromechanical damage under cyclic loading. Micromechanical damage in a representative volume element (RVE) of the material occurs by fibre-matrix interfacial debonding, which is incorporated in the model through a hysteretic bilinear cohesive zone model. The proposed model expresses a damage evolution surface in the strain space in the principal damage co-ordinate system or PDCS. PDCS enables the model to account for the effect of non-proportional load history. The material constitutive law involves a fourth order orthotropic tensor with stiffness characterised as a macroscopic internal variable. Cyclic damage parameters are introduced in the monotonic HCDM model (1) to describe the material degradation due to fatigue. Three dimensional damage in composites is accounted for through functional forms of the fourth order damage tensor in terms of components of macroscopic strain and elastic stiffness tensor. The HCDM model parameters are calibrated from homogenisation of micromechanical solutions of the RVE for a few representative cyclic strain histories. The proposed model is validated by comparing results of the HCDM model with pure micromechanical analysis results followed by homogenisation. Finally, the potential of cyclic HCDM model as a design tool is demonstrated through macro-micro analysis of cyclic damage progression in composite structures.
Review: Cosmeceutical Potential of Chinese Skullcap (Scutellaria Baicalensis)

Scutellaria baicalensis, also known as Chinese skullcap is a plant belonging to lamiaceae family (mint) and is one of the widely used herbs in Chinese and Oriental medicines. It has been used traditionally for several health conditions including microbial infections, inflammation, and cholesterol management, anti tumor, antioxidant activity and several other health benefits. The herb has been well studied for its phytochemical constituents, which include several unique flavonoids. In this review we look at the Cosmeceutical benefits of this unique traditional herb.
The Situated and Embodied Self: Butler and Cavell on Subjectivity, Language, and Finitude

This chapter seeks to establish non-sovereignty as a condition that not only affects our political actions, but the very core of selfhood, community, and language. By turning to Judith Butler and Stanley Cavell the interconnection between language, embodiment, and psyche is brought to the fore. While the notion of non-sovereignty calls the Cartesian cogito into question, there remains ambiguity on the precise content of the critique of the modern subject, and on how human existence could be understood differently. I propose that a non-sovereign understanding of the human has to engage with the notions of finitude and situatedness. In this appraisal, finitude should not simply be identified with (an awareness of) mortality, because this would risk downplaying the relational character of human existence. Instead, finitude is understood as a necessary limitation to our abilities to know and control ourselves and the external world. This emphasises an understanding of the self as vulnerable and radically dependent on others. However, as we have seen in Chapter 2, awareness of human finitude also allows for a positive evaluation of non-sovereignty, where lack of control does not diminish but enables freedom and agency. It is precisely from the realm of the uncontrollable and unknown that newness and creativity spring.
This backyard is my serenity place: learning from incarcerated women about the architecture and design of restorative justice

ABSTRACTRestorative justice programmes are successfully facilitated inside correctional facilities and often serve as an oasis amidst the dehumanising and punitive correctional environment. The contradiction between restorative values and correctional values raises questions about the characteristics of spaces designed with restorative justice in mind. Given the absence of restorative justice–informed correctional environments, this study uses privacy as means through which to understand the design of restorative space. Twenty-two women participated in interviews in which they used basic art supplies to design spaces in which to achieve personal goals related to privacy and that are meaningful for restorative justice. Women’s narratives and designs indicate they desire spaces with natural and house-like features and in which they can experience peacefulness, affirmation, focus and motivation, and success. The results are discussed for their meaning for the design of spaces informed by restorative justice.
Methylammonium lead iodide grain boundaries exhibit depth-dependent electrical properties

In this communication, the nanoscale through-film and lateral photo-response and conductivity of large-grained methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) thin films are studied. In perovskite solar cells (PSC), these films result in efficiencies >17%. The grain boundaries (GBs) show high resistance at the top surface of the film, and act as an impediment to photocurrent collection. However, lower resistance pathways between grains exist below the top surface of the film, indicating that there exists a depth-dependent resistance of GBs (RGB(z)). Furthermore, lateral conductivity measurements indicate that RGB(z) exhibits GB-to-GB heterogeneity. These results indicate that increased photocurrent collection along GBs is not a prerequisite for high-efficiency PSCs. Rather, better control of depth-dependent GB electrical properties, and an improvement in the homogeneity of the GB-to-GB electrical properties, must be managed to enable further improvements in PSC efficiency. Finally, these results refute the implicit assumption seen in the literature that the electrical properties of GBs, as measured at the top surface of the perovskite film, necessarily reflect the electrical properties of GBs within the thickness of the film.
Tests of escape theory of binge eating among Latinas.

Objectives Despite comparable prevalence of some eating disorders (e.g., binge eating disorder) among Latinas compared with Caucasians, eating disorders are still thought of as primarily afflicting Caucasian women. This has led to a lag in research on eating disorders among Latinas. Our objective was to test 3 escape theory models involving the culturally specific independent variables of acculturative stress, family disconnection, and discriminatory stress; the mediator of negative affect; and the dependent variable of binge eating frequency. Method We recruited a female sample of 119 Latinas (78 who have suffered from an eating disorder, 41 who have never had an eating disorder). Results Results indicated that all of the relationships between culturally specific factors and binge eating were mediated by negative affect, and that there was a significant direct pathway from discriminatory stress to binge eating. Conclusions Findings from this study can be used to tailor interventions to Latinas who engage in binge eating, targeting culturally specific factors and their relationships with negative affect and binge eating. (PsycINFO Database Record
Threshold Extension by Nonlinear Techniques

The paper presents for the first time a technique that computes probability of error functions for nonlinear stochastic filters. Keeping with the tutorial nature of the lecture where it was presented, the paper describes at an introductory level the basic tool of nonlinear stochastic filtering. This is carried out in the context of communications systems and radar/sonar problems. The concepts are however general and relevant to a wide range of different applications. Section 2 motivates the need for nonlinear techniques. Section 3 introduces a nonlinear example of interest. Section 4 describes the nonlinear stochastic filter. Section 5 considers the important special case of finite dimensional Markov processes. Section 6 discusses implementation questions. Section 7 analyses the performance evaluation and introduces a new method for computing error probability distributions. Companying plots (figures 9 and 10) illustrate the results obtained. In the lecture, video movies were exhibited that provided animated displays for the behavior of several alternative filters, as well as for the corresponding error probabilities. The technique here introduced allows with generality for a complete first order statistical characterization of nonlinear filters, going beyond second order error moments evaluation. This is useful in the design stage when comparing competing processing algorithms.
Detailed Audiological Evaluation of a Patient with Xeroderma Pigmentosum with Neural Degeneration.

Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by extreme sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Individuals with XP lack the ability to repair DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, leading to sunburn and increased susceptibility to skin cancers. Approximately 25% of patients also exhibit neural degeneration, which includes progressive mental deterioration, cortical thinning, and sensorineural hearing loss. Purpose Herein, we describe the audiological and genetic findings in a patient with XP subtype D with neural degeneration and hearing loss. Research design This is a case report of a patient with XP subtype D, type 1 diabetes, and some clinical features typical of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Data collection and analysis We obtained audiological evaluations over a course of 11 yr, including serial audiograms, auditory processing disorders evaluations, and electrophysiological testing. Results Hearing sensitivity has progressed from a unilateral mild high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss to a bilateral sloping moderate to severe/profound sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to the dramatic decline in hearing sensitivity, the patient demonstrates global auditory processing deficits, indicating a central component to his hearing loss. Conclusion These findings emphasize the importance of the contribution of audiological evaluations to the diagnosis of a genetic disorder. Periodic evaluations of hearing sensitivity and auditory processing can provide information on disease progression in patients with XP with neural degeneration.
Determination of renal function and injury using near-infrared fluorimetry in experimental cardiorenal syndrome.

Cardiorenal syndrome type 1 causes acute kidney injury but is poorly understood; animal models and diagnostic aids are lacking. Robust noninvasive measurements of glomerular filtration rate are req...
Atomic physics with the goddard high resolution spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. V. Oscillator strengths for neutral carbon lines below 1200 Å

We analyzed high-resolution spectra of interstellar C I absorption toward λ Ori, 1 Sco, and δ Sco that were obtained with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. Several multiplets were detected within the wavelength interval 1150-1200 A, where most C I lines have ill-defined oscillator strength; multiplets at longer wavelengths with well-defined atomic parameters were also seen. We extracted accurate column densities and Doppler parameters from lines with precise laboratory-based f-values. These column densities and b-values were used to obtain a self-consistent set of f-values for all the observed C I lines. For many of the lines with wavelengths below 1200 A, the derived f-values differ appreciably from the values quoted in the compilation by Morton. The present set of f-values extends, and in some cases supersedes, those given by Zsargo, Federman, & Cardelli, which were based on lower resolution data.
Graphene/Ni Wire Foam with Multivalent Manganese Oxide Catalysts for Li-O2 Battery Cathode

Herein, commercial Ni foam coated with self-assembled and linearly-aligned Ni wires is utilized as a cost-effective current collector for application in Li-O2 battery. The Ni wires are furthered deposited with graphene layers (g-Ni wire) to improve electrical conductivity. Multivalent Mn oxides consisting of Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnCO3 are used as effective oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution reaction (OER) catalysts deposited on g-Ni wire current collectors. Specific capacities are respective ~100 and ~170 mAh g-1 without or with O2 introduction into the cell. The relative facile synthesis process requiring merely solution-based synthesis at ambient pressure, low temperature and short process time renders the Mn oxides/g-Ni wire electrode promising for Li-O2 battery application.
Abstract 346: Fatty acid synthase is a risk factor for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice

Pulmonary fibrosis is a significant complication in cancer patients treated with radiation or various chemotherapeutic agents. One such reagent, bleomycin, is used to treat a variety of cancers including, but not limited to, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, and melanoma. Its efficacy, however, is impacted by the incidence of significant pulmonary fibrosis, which often becomes dose limiting. In studies investigating the role(s) of metabolism in the profibrotic actions of transforming growth factor beta, we previously determined that increased fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression was observed in the fibrotic areas of lungs from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients compared to healthy controls. In that FASN levels are significantly increased in numerous human tumors including breast, prostate, colorectal, and ovarian, we wished to integrate these findings by examining whether inhibiting FASN activity could reduce pulmonary fibrosis. To that end, the cerulenin-derived FASN inhibitor C75 was tested in a murine treatment model of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Following addition of C75, there was significant diminution in a number of profibrotic targets including collagen 1α1, fibronectin, connective tissue growth factor, and total lung collagen as assessed by hydroxyproline content. Not only was there a C75 dose-dependent decrease in the aforementioned targets, but lung function as assessed by peripheral blood oxygenation (on room air) was also stabilized/improved. Thus, FASN inhibition might reflect a possible target to maintain normal lung physiology in the context of cancer chemotherapy. This work was supported by Public Health Service grants GM-055816 and GM-054200 from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences. Citation Format: Mi-Yeon Jung. Fatty acid synthase is a risk factor for bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 346. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-346
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Antibiotic CJ-16,264, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Designed Analogues, and Discovery of Highly Potent and Simpler Antibacterial Agents

An improved and enantioselective total synthesis of antibiotic CJ-16,264 through a practical kinetic resolution and an iodolactonization reaction to form the iodo pyrrolizidinone fragment of the molecule is described. A series of racemic and enantiopure analogues of CJ-16,264 was designed and synthesized through the developed synthetic technologies and tested against drug-resistant bacterial strains. These studies led to interesting structure–activity relationships and the identification of a number of simpler, and yet equipotent, or even more potent, antibacterial agents than the natural product, thereby setting the foundation for further investigations in the quest for new anti-infective drugs.
Grain boundary selective oxidation and intergranular stress corrosion crack growth of high-purity nickel binary alloys in high-temperature hydrogenated water

Abstract The effects of alloying elements in Ni-5at%X binary alloys on intergranular (IG) corrosion and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) have been assessed in 300–360 °C hydrogenated water at the Ni/NiO stability line. Alloys with Cr or Al additions exhibited grain boundary oxidation and IGSCC, while localized degradation was not observed for pure Ni, Ni-Cu or Ni-Fe alloys. Environment-enhanced crack growth was determined by comparing the response in water and N2 gas. Results demonstrate that selective grain boundary oxidation of Cr and Al promoted IGSCC of these Ni alloys in hydrogenated water.
Abstract 04: Caspase-8 is a novel candidate driver gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Integrated genomic analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has identified a heterogeneous spectrum of alterations dominated by tumor suppressor genes. An interesting new candidate driver gene is Caspase-8 (CASP8), which is mutated in 18% of oral cavity HPV-negative tumors. CASP8 is not obviously a part of any well-characterized driver pathway in HNSCC, and its role in this tumor type is unknown. In TCGA genomic data CAPS8 mutant tumors have a unique spectrum of alterations and expression changes, including a dramatic increase in markers of inflammation, which suggest they are a genomic subtype of HNSCC. CAPS8 is a key component of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, but it also has a role in necrotic death, inflammation, and other pathways. We have characterized human and mouse CASP8 knock-out cell lines in vitro and in vivo in order to begin to understand the function of this gene in HNSCC. Loss of CASP8 function prevents extrinsic apoptosis and alters proliferation and tumorigenicity. It may also regulate the antitumor immune response. CASP8 is an exciting new candidate driver gene in HNSCC that may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Citation Format: Burak Uzunparmak, Antje Lindemann, Mitchell J. Frederick, Jeffrey N. Myers, Curtis R. Pickering. Caspase-8 is a novel candidate driver gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 04.
Magnetoelectric Effect in Single-Phase Multiferroic Materials

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in multiferroic compounds owing to the coexistence of different ferroic order parameters, suggesting great commercial and technological potential. Compared to composites which exhibit multiferroic properties due to synergistic coupling effects between different components, single-phase multiferroic materials exhibiting the magnetoelectric effect (ME) have attracted much attention because of their special crystal structure that contributes to ME, thereby offering promising potential for applications in spintronic devices. This chapter will provide an extensive discussion on single-phase ME materials with specific focus centered on various categories of ME materials based on their different mechanisms. The physical principles of ferromagnetism (FM), ferroelectricity (FE), and ME effects as a result of coupling interactions between FM and FE are first discussed in Sect. 2. Section 3 mainly concentrates on distinct types of single-phase ME materials with different underlying ME mechanisms. Section 4 provides a summary and perspective on future developments in the synthesis of a wide range of magnetoelectric materials.
Skin Color and the Nature of Science

Skin color is the trait most commonly associated with race. Consider just the “black” in the Black Lives Matter name or the “white” in white nationalist rallies. Skin color and the concept of race are ideologically charged—and socially divisive. But scientifically, what is the nature of this relationship? A study led by Sarah Tishkoff published not long ago in Science contradicts many widespread views of skin color and further dispels the very concept of human races in biology. The group identified at least eight genes for skin color, but the genes do not cluster neatly into predictable groups, or races. They further found that the genes do not align with conventional racial groups:
History: The Changing Face of Adoption

This chapter presents a historical discussion of adoption in the United States. We begin with the precursors to U.S. adoption laws, and then cover the Colonial Era, the Progressive Era, and the Heyday of Adoptions; we end with a presentation of current adoption practices. Many adoption traditions, primarily functioning to care for orphans, are grounded in historical events such as wars and disasters, and ethnic and religious cultures.
Enhancing Online Learning Activities for Groups in Flipped Classrooms

Flipped classrooms have been the latest trend in online learning. They have been accepted as a novel model because of an application based environment with the students. In this paper, the flipped classroom model has been studied in the context of online classrooms. The author vents in the context of groups in online classrooms and tries to understand the match within the flipped classroom scenario. This study is conducted with instructors and students to understand this attitude towards online classrooms and to integrate them with the flipped structure. Key requirements are identified from the study; which are proposed to influence the design of such a platform. Finally from the study the gaps are recognized, and the author proposes a novel platform for online group activities with a focus on flipped classroom scenario.
Abstract TP302: Paramedic Detection of Large Vessel Occlusions Using mNIHSS: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study

Modified NIHSS (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale) is a 11-item, 0- 31 point motor stroke deficit scale that was developed to assess stroke severity. Our objective was to test the performan...
On Optimal Proactive Caching with Improving Predictions over Time

This paper considers optimal proactive caching when future demand predictions improve over time as expected to happen in most prediction systems. In particular, our model captures the correlated demand pattern that is exhibited by end users as their current activity reveals progressively more information about their future demand. It is observed in previous work that, in a network where service costs grow superlinearly with the traffic load and static predictions, proactive caching can be harnessed to flatten the load over time and minimize the cost. Nevertheless, with time varying prediction quality, a tradeoff between load flattening and accurate proactive service emerges.In this work, we formulate and investigate the optimal proactive caching design under time-varying predictions. Our objective is to minimize the time average expected service cost given a finite proactive service window. We establish a lower bound on the minimal achievable cost by any proactive caching policy, then we develop a low complexity caching policy that strikes a balance between load flattening and accurate caching. We prove that our proposed policy is asymptotically optimal as the proactive service window grows. In addition, we characterize other non-asymptotic cases where the proposed policy remains optimal. We validate our analytical results with numerical simulation and highlight relevant insights.
Technological advances in maize breeding: past, present and future

Maize has for many decades been both one of the most important crops worldwide and one of the primary genetic model organisms. More recently, maize breeding has been impacted by rapid technological advances in sequencing and genotyping technology, transformation including genome editing, doubled haploid technology, parallelled by progress in data sciences and the development of novel breeding approaches utilizing genomic information. Herein, we report on past, current and future developments relevant for maize breeding with regard to (1) genome analysis, (2) germplasm diversity characterization and utilization, (3) manipulation of genetic diversity by transformation and genome editing, (4) inbred line development and hybrid seed production, (5) understanding and prediction of hybrid performance, (6) breeding methodology and (7) synthesis of opportunities and challenges for future maize breeding.
ROLE OF WARFARIN IN PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ON DIALYSIS: META-ANALYSIS

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly common in patients undergoing dialysis. Several studies looked into the role of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation and dialysis; however, the results are inconclusive. Therefore, we sought to perform a meta-analysis including recent
Mechanism Design with Unstructured Beliefs

Mechanism design is the task to design algorithms, toward desired objectives, that is robust to potential manipulation by strategic players. Traditionally, it is assumed that the mechanism designer and the players in the economy share some common knowledge. However, as pointed out by Wilson, such common knowledge is "rarely present in experiments and never in practice'', and "only by repeated weakening of common knowledge assumptions will the theory approximate reality.'' In the work, we mainly focus on designing resilient mechanisms that work properly even in such a less foreseeable environment. Bayesian auction design is a very flourishing topic in the field of mechanism design, where an important simplifying assumption is both the seller and the players know the exact distributions of all players' valuations. In this work we first consider the \em query complexity of Bayesian mechanisms, where we only allow the seller to have limited oracle accesses to the players' value distributions via simple queries. Then we further weaken the assumption by considering an information structure where the knowledge about the distributions can be \em arbitrarily scattered among the players. In both of these two unstructured information settings, we design mechanisms that are constant approximations to the optimal Bayesian mechanisms with full information. Finally, we study an envy-free allocation problem that the unstructured beliefs need to be taken into consideration. In particular, we model an environment where each player is unaware of the bundles (or allocated items) of other players, but still knows he does not receive the worst bundle. We present both conceptual and algorithmic results for this new envy-free allocation domain.
A Formal Characterization of Cellular Networks

Abstract : The authors present precise and explicit definitions and descriptions of pertinent terms and constructs related to a specific type of network topology -- the cellular network. First, they clarify the construct of a cell and establish the concept of a cell-core and cell-periphery. Next, they present details of the broader, cellular network. Then they introduce the notion of a k-cell subgraph construct. Throughout the report, the authors introduce several supplementary terms related to these concepts. The terminology and formalization they present can be effectively utilized when conversing about real-world social networks, but may be essential as guidelines when constructing cellular social-networks for virtual experiments. Increasingly, the network form referred to as "cellular" is appearing in empirical social network studies and is being applied in virtual experiments of social networks. The presence of a cellular network is particularly prominent in research pertaining to covert and terrorist organizations, although the form can be found in other less saturnine groups. While the structure of a cellular network is often rather intuitive, to avoid confusion, researchers, analysts, and, especially, experimenters have a need for formal definitions and a precise description of the topology. In this paper, the authors provide a formalism of cellular networks that is primarily intended for use in generating networks in virtual experiments. They also have introduced terminology that is pertinent to communicating about cellular networks. The terminology includes cell subgroup, cell-core subgroup, cell-periphery subgroup, and cellular network. Finally, they introduce the k-cell subgraph, which provides for high-level examination of a complex cellular network.
Improving influenza vaccination rates in pediatric subspecialty clinics

Specific Aim Influenza-associated mortality accounts for scores of pediatric deaths each year and patients with complex medical conditions are at highest risk for complications. Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective method for preventing influenza infection. Our goal was to improve influenza vaccination screening and delivery for pediatric subspecialty patients at the University of Chicago Comer Children’s Hospital. By creating an enhanced clinical decision support (CDS) tool to notify providers if a patient may need a vaccine and through development of a monthly clinic-level feedback tool, we hoped to increase screening by …
Monitoring Spatial Variance of Winter Wheat Growth Via Chris Image

Monitoring spatial variance of crop growth is very important for precise fertilization and water management to reduce the difference of grain quality. The study obtained the CHRIS hyperspectral image in the jointing stage of winter wheat. Then the Beer-Lambert law was used to develop the inversion model of leaf area index (LAI) of winter wheat in the study area. Taken the winter wheat parcels as primary units, the CVs of LAI in each parcel were used to evaluate the spatial variance of winter wheat growth at parcel scale. Results showed that the parameters of LAI among all winter wheat parcels were obviously variable. The CVs of LAI fluctuated from 10% to 40%. There were 13 parcels of mid-variance, while 191 parcels of lower-variance. These indicated that the winter wheat growth in the study area was relatively homogeneous. The spatial resolution and spectral resolution of CHRIS image were suitable for evaluating the spatial variance of crop growth in parcel scale.
Piles in Cohesionless Soil Subject to Oblique Pull

Laboratory test data on rigid piles embedded or driven at various angles in cohesionless soils and subjected to oblique pull, 60 from the horizontal, are presented. The vertical or a slight out-batter pile position gives the greatest resistance, the ultimate loads for a 30 out-batter being less than 65% of the peak resistance. The pile roughness becomes a significant factor when the relative axial load component reaches a certain limit. A method for analyzing nonlinear load-displacement relationship of a rigid pile is presented.
Toxoplasmosis and behavioural changes

Summary Nearly one-third of the planet's population is affected by Toxoplasma gondii infection. In ophthalmology, toxoplasmosis is even considered to be the most common cause of posterior uveitis of infectious origin. Humans are only an intermediate host and T. gondii needs to infect cats for its sexual reproduction. All the elements increasing the risk of predation by the definitive host are then favourable to the parasite. Numerous experimental animal model studies have shown that T. gondii infection is associated with predatory risk behaviours such as an attraction of infected mice to cat urine. Infection with the parasite is associated with a demethylation of the promoters of certain genes in the cerebral amygdala of the intermediate hosts, modifying dopaminergic circuits associated with fear. Similarly, T. gondii has been linked to behavioural changes in humans. Toxoplasma infection is classically associated with the frequency of schizophrenia, suicide attempts or “road rage”. A more recent study shows that toxoplasma infection prevalence was a consistent, positive predictor of entrepreneurial activity. Fear of failure would be less important in infected individuals, who are more willing than others to start their own business. These elements shed interesting light on behaviours and their possible relationship with toxoplasmosis, which is generally considered benign in adults.
Chloe: Homeschooling as Way of Life

This chapter presents the homeschooling experiences of Chloe, a 32-year-old, disabled military veteran, and a divorced mother. She had hopes of becoming a Certified Public Accountant. But, when her daughter became ill, Chloe’s job gave her an ultimatum, threatening to fire her if she took time off. Chloe’s account documents the complexity of quitting her job to stay at home with her daughter. Her faith played an incredible role in confirming and supporting her decision to homeschool as well. Chloe’s narratives speak to homeschooling on a seriously low budget with her use of community-based resources, technology, and creativity. Chloe lived a nomadic lifestyle and had homeschooled in Virginia, Maryland, and Texas, prior to arriving in Georgia. Therefore, Chloe’s story includes state-to-state comparisons.
The Informational Function

In this chapter the first of the five proposed functions of nonverbal behavior will be discussed and analyzed. It may be recalled that in Chapter 1 the first two functions—the informational function and the regulating interaction—were described as having a molecular focus. That is, they identify isolated patterns of behavior. In contrast, the last three functions—expression of intimacy, social control, and the service-task function-have a molar focus. That is, these three functions describe the theme or motive underlying the whole encounter. Thus, the last three functions are critical over the course of an interaction.
Analysis of plague monitoring results in Zhangye city Gansu province from 1982 to 2011

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of human and animal plague in Zhangye city from 1982 to 2011,and further explore the prevention and control policies and measures to control the spread of the disease.Methods The trends of human and animal plague were studied by retrospective survey in Zhangye city.Information of animal and human plague epidemic and prevention and control measures were collcoted and assessed with epidemiology methods,and the density of rodents,the rodents infected with flea,flea index and other indicators were calculated.Results 1982-2011,there were 6 cases of human plague incidence of 6 cases,of which 2 cases cured,4 cases died,the mortality rate was 67％; detection of Yersinia pestis from the captured 5167 animals was 93 strains from 1982 to 2011,the detection rate was 1.80％; 29 840 various vector insects were collected from the body surface of the 5167 animals captured,21 206 hole dries,and three marmot dens.A total of 7050 groups of Marmota parasites and hole stem fleas were inspected,52 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated,and the average detection rate was 0.74％; 3912 marmot serums were detected,178 were positive,and the positive rate was 4.55％.Conclusions The prevention and control of plague is still very grim in Zhangye city.It is recommended to take publicity,education and active surveillance measures in the future to deal with emergencies and other. Key words: Plague; Epidemiology; Data collection
A Guide for Characterizing and Prescribing Light Therapy Devices

There is some uncertainty among clinicians that light therapy can be effective for ameliorating symptoms of applicable conditions. Postulated here is the notion that some of this uncertainty may lie with inconsistent dosing of light. Included is a guideline delineating the necessary practical steps that clinicians can take to reduce their uncertainty about prescribing therapeutic light doses.
Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks

This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve key metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary work that provide insights that may spark new ideas.
Estimation of Inertial Properties for a Multilift Slung Load

A method to estimate mass, center of mass, and moments of inertia of a multilift slung load is described. An analysis of system dynamics relates slung load response to cable tension, and a means to...
An Estimation of the cow- and herd-level prevalence of post-partum subclinical ketosis in large Washington state dairy herds and evaluation of mean β-hydroxybutyrate concentration for herd-level assessment

The purpose of this study was to estimate the cow- and herd-level prevalence of subclinical ketosis (SCK) on dairies in the state of Washington and evaluate the arithmetic mean of individual samples as a proxy for pooled-sample testing to screen herds for SCK. The cow-level prevalence of SCK in 589 cows from 40 Washington dairies was 31,25, and 19% using P-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration cutpoints of > 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 mmol/L, respectively. For all BHB cutpoints, no difference was observed in the prevalence of SCK between cows of parity 1 and 2 (P > 0.358), but SCK was higher in cows of parity > 3 versus those in lactations 1 and 2 (P 3 (1.16) was higher than that of parity 1 (0.72) and parity 2 (0.88) cows (P 1.2 mmol/L and herd alarm level of >15% cows exceeding that cutpoint, 23 herds (58%) demonstrated a herd-level problem with SCK. When a BHB cutpoint of > 1.4 and herd alarm level of >25% was used, 12 herds (30%) had SCK. A herd mean BHB concentration of 0.77 mmol/L was correlated with a 15% herd-alarm level using a > 1.2 mmol/L BHB cutpoint. Sensitivity and specificity of the herd mean BHB cutpoint of >0.8 mmol/L to identify herds with > 15% cows with BHB > 1.2 mmol/L was 91 and 75%, respectively. The prevalence of SCK in Washington dairies was numerically higher than previous reports. Results of this study highlight the importance of obtaining representative samples from parity risk groups. Furthermore, results suggest parity 2 cows may be better grouped with parity 1 rather than > 3 parity cows. Herd mean BHB concentration performed well as a test to identify herds with a potential SCK problem when a mean value specific cutpoint was used. Further research evaluating the relationship between pooled-sample BHB and important outcomes, such as disease, milk production, reproduction, and removal, are needed.
An empirically based simulation model to inform flow management for endangered species conservation

Increasing water demand, water development, and ongoing climate change have driven extensive changes to the hydrology, geomorphology and biology of arid-land rivers globally, driving an increasing ...
Economic Reforms in Developing and Transition Countries: An Analysis of Post-1990 India and Romania

The post-1990 period witnessed the adoption of economic reforms by many developing and transition countries. While some countries experienced a single-transition to a free-market system, others underwent a dual-transition to free-markets and democracy. This study examines India and Romania as developing and transition countries, respectively, to understand the effects on selected economic and social indicators of these economic reforms. The goal is to identify differences in post-economic reform experiences and outcomes of single-transition versus dual-transition countries.
COLIEE 2020: Legal Information Retrieval and Entailment with Legal Embeddings and Boosting

In this paper we investigate three different methods for several legal document retrieval and entailment tasks; namely, new low complexity pre-trained embeddings, specifically trained on documents in the legal domain, transformer models and boosting algorithms. Task 1, a case law retrieval task, utilized a pairwise CatBoost resulting in an F1 score of .04. Task 2, a case law entailment task, utilized a combination of BM25+, embeddings and natural language inference (NLI) features winning third place with an F1 of 0.6180. Task 3, a statutory information retrieval task, utilized the aforementioned pre-trained embeddings in combination with TF-IDF features resulting in an F2 score of 0.4546. Lastly, task 4, a statutory entailment task, utilized BERT embeddings with XGBoost and achieved an accuracy of 0.5357. Notably, our Task 2 submission was the third best in the competition. Our findings illustrate that using legal embeddings and auxiliary linguistic features, such as NLI, show the most promise for future improvements.
A Nobel Prize for Sensational Research.

A Hot and Tactile Nobel Prize This year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to David Julius and Ardem Patapoutian for identifying molecules that relay sensation of capsaicin pepper,...
Replication Protein A and the Mre11·Rad50·Nbs1 Complex Co-localize and Interact at Sites of Stalled Replication Forks *

In response to replicative stress, cells relocate and activate DNA repair and cell cycle arrest proteins such as replication protein A (RPA, a three subunit protein complex required for DNA replication and DNA repair) and the MRN complex (consisting of Mre11, Rad50, and Nbs1; involved in DNA double-strand break repair). There is increasing evidence that both of these complexes play a central role in DNA damage recognition, activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and DNA repair pathways. Here we demonstrate that RPA and the MRN complex co-localize to discrete foci and interact in response to DNA replication fork blockage induced by hydroxyurea (HU) or ultraviolet light (UV). Members of both RPA and the MRN complexes become phosphorylated during S-phase and in response to replication fork blockage. Analysis of RPA and Mre11 in fractionated lysates (cytoplasmic/nucleoplasmic, chromatin-bound, and nuclear matrix fractions) showed increased hyperphosphorylated-RPA and phosphorylated-Mre11 in the chromatin-bound fractions. HU and UV treatment also led to co-localization of hyperphosphorylated RPA and Mre11 to discrete detergent-resistant nuclear foci. An interaction between RPA and Mre11 was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation of both protein complexes with anti-Mre11, anti-Rad50, anti-NBS1, or anti-RPA antibodies. Phosphatase treatment with calf intestinal phosphatase or λ-phosphatase not only de-phosphorylated RPA and Mre11 but also abrogated the ability of RPA and the MRN complex to co-immunoprecipitate. Together, these data demonstrate that RPA and the MRN complex co-localize and interact after HU- or UV-induced replication stress and suggest that protein phosphorylation may play a role in this interaction.
Cultural Measurement Equivalence

In cross-cultural research, understanding and interpreting the influence of varying individual perspectives on psychosocial scales and standardized tests is the subject of much discussion. Many cross-cultural psychologists further contend, “comparing elements from differing societies leads to inadmissible distortions of reality”. Comparative research, on ethnic and cultural levels, is burdened with these concerns of incomparability. Often, due to the frequency with which a scale is used, many have assumed the metric is equal between groups. These assumptions fuel findings that may be not only unjustified but also invalid. Sensitivity toward issues of cultural measurement equivalence has not been thoroughly cultivated throughout psychological discourse. By addressing these matters of cultural equivalence, we may dispel inaccurate notions regarding cultural research. Keywords: methodology; measurement in psychology; statistical methods in psychology
Rent seeking and economic growth

Abstract This paper introduces distributional activities in one of the simplest endogenous growth models. Firms engage in investment and lobbying, with the extent of the latter determining the number of restrictive regulations in force. As a result, the growth rate increases with the private cost of passing a regulation, while dynamics include rise and decline, as in Olson's theory. The empirical evidence is from Uruguay, a relatively wealthy country that has dramatically lagged behind. It shows that restrictive regulations have a positive impact on sectoral output, but a negative impact at the aggregate level, which is consistent with the model.