cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal ablation of metal films by femtosecond laser bursts

Abstract Thermal ablations of metal films by a single femtosecond laser pulse and by a laser burst were investigated using a comprehensive computational model, including a two-temperature model with dynamic optical properties, two phase change models for melting and evaporation under superheating, and a phase explosion criterion for ejection of the mixture of metastable liquid droplets and vapor. Numerical simulations were performed for copper films. The simulation of material ablation by the single pulse showed a good agreement with existing experimental data for a broad range of laser fluence 0.6–30 J/cm2. In the study of material ablation by femtosecond laser bursts, it was found that under the same total fluence a laser burst with a pulse separation time of 50 ps or longer can significantly boost the ablation rate, compared to the single pulse. It was also demonstrated that for a given total fluence the ablation rate can be optimized by selecting a proper combination of pulse number and separation time in a laser burst.
Seedbed and moisture availability determine safe sites for early Thuja occidentalis (Cupressaceae) regeneration.

Regeneration of many late-successional tree species depends on specialized safe sites. The primary objective was to investigate the roles of seedbed and moisture retention as dimensions of safe sites for the early regeneration of drought-sensitive northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis). We hypothesized that rates of germination, survival, and growth of T. occidentalis are unlikely to differ among seedbed types under conditions of abundant water, but that differences are likely to emerge as water becomes more limited. In a 67d greenhouse experiment, cedar seeds were sown on logs, leaf litter, and soil of cedar and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) canopy origin. Seedbeds were subjected to three water treatments. Among the water treatments, highest germination rates occurred within the high water treatment, although germination on cedar litter was comparable to that of the low water treatment. Higher germination and survival rates occurred on decayed logs than other natural seedbeds for medium (P 5 0.001) and low (P , 0.0001) water treatments. Germination on birch logs occurred at higher rates than on cedar logs within the low water treatment (P 5 0.04). Seedling growth for the medium water treatment was lower on leaf litter than any other type of seedbed (P , 0.01). Results generally demonstrated that the interplay between seedbed and moisture retention is a component of safe sites for T. occidentalis regeneration.
Mouse model of sublethal and lethal intraperitoneal glanders (Burkholderia mallei).

Sixty male BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with either a sublethal or a lethal dose of Burkholderia mallei China 7 strain, then killed at multiple time points postinoculation. Histopathologic changes were qualitatively similar in both groups and consisted of pyogranulomatous inflammation. In sublethal study mice, changes were first seen at 6 hours in mediastinal lymph nodes, then in spleen, liver, peripheral lymph nodes, and bone marrow at day 3. These changes generally reached maximal incidence and severity by day 4 but decreased by comparison in all tissues except the liver. Changes were first seen in lethal study mice also at 6 hours in mediastinal lymph nodes and in spleens. At day 1, changes were present in liver, peripheral lymph nodes, and bone marrow. The incidence and severity of these changes were maximal at day 2. In contrast to sublethal study mice, the incidence and severity of the changes did not decrease through the remainder of the study. The most significant difference between the two groups was the rapid involvement of the spleen in the lethal study mice. Changes indicative of impaired vascular perfusion were more frequently seen in the sublethal study mice. Our findings indicate that mice are susceptible to B. mallei infection and may serve as an appropriate model for glanders infection in a resistant host such as human beings. Additionally, by immu- noelectron microscopy, we showed the presence of type I O-antigenic polysaccharide (capsular) antigen sur- rounding B. mallei.
3D Image format identification by image difference

Many 3D formats exist and will co-exist for a long time since there is no 3D standard that defines a generally accepted 3D format. The support for multiple 3D formats will be important for bringing 3D into home. In this paper, we propose a fast and effective method to detect whether an image is a 2D image or a 3D image encoded with a pair of stereo images, and to further identify the exact 3D format in the latter case. The proposed method computes an edge map resulted from image differences between the left and right view images; uses the statistics from the distribution of edge widths combined with structure similarity analysis to detect the existence of a 3D format and to identify the format. Experiments show the effectiveness of this method.
Maintainability and reusability issues in CORBA-based systems

CORBA has been used widely for system integration in which heterogeneous systems are integrated in an organization. For software vendors developing commercial CORBA-based tools for system integration, maintainability and reusability in CORBA are very important. This paper describes an impact analysis of CORBA components for system integration. Based on this analysis, the implementation of the ORB, and the implementation and integration of CORBA components have been identified as contributing factors that influence the maintainability and reusability of CORBA-based systems. Furthermore, an approach to improving the maintainability and reusability of such systems is described.
Concrete vs. abstract problem formats: a di sadvantage of prior knowledge

Three experiments examine the effects of varying the relative concreteness of physics word problems on student performance. Previous studies have found that concrete representations benefit performance for relatively simple problems, whereas abstract representations are beneficial for more complex problems. These findings are replicated in a physics context. More importantly, a significant disadvantage for concrete representations is identified for some questions. When a problem potentially elicits prior knowledge that is contrary to scientific knowledge, e.g. a scientific "misconception", it is found that the concrete representation invokes incorrect answers more frequently than abstract representations. In addition, an interaction is found between the final course grade of the student and the abstract vs. concrete problem format, with higher grade students performing disproportionally better on abstract problems. This is consistent with previous findings in reasoning and an explanation is provided that involves the cuing of familiar, automatic knowledge and skills vs. explicit deliberate processes.
Managing diversity : Library management in light of the dismantling of affirmative action

The process of creating and fostering an institutional environment where everyone feels valued, welcomed and respected requires a change effort that must be comprehensive, systematic and continuous. This article will discuss the major management issues related to building and sustaining a diverse workforce in academic livraries. The management landscape surrounding diversity is dotted with political consent that is often at odds with judicial approval, but effective management of diversity in the academy requires close correlation between the two. And, this is not the case at present. This article will frame the issue in both social and legal terms, discuss the higher education context of the management issue, discuss diversity management in the academic library within the context of higher education, examine the lexicon of the issue, outline management strategies related to the issue, and draw a series of conclusions related to the management of diversity
The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone III on tick cells.

Two cell lines isolated from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (RAE 25) and Anocentor(= Dermacentor) nitens (ANE 58) responded to the invertebrate hormones 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) and juvenile hormone III (JH III) in vitro. In the presence of 0.2 or 2 nMolar 20-HE, the cells of the continuous line RAE 25 attached to the culture substrate at a rate of 9% per hr for the first 8 hr, as did cells in growth medium. Twenty or 200 nMolar of 20-HE reduced the rate of cell attachment to 6% per hr, and in the higher hormone concentration the cells ceased to attach after 4 hr. Low concentrations (0.2 and 2 nMolar) of 20-HE stimulated the growth of the RAE 25 line (P < 0.02), but 200 nMolar or more inhibited growth (P < 0.001). Twenty-HE suppressed the growth of the young line ANE 58 in a dose-dependent manner, but the decrease in cell growth was less pronounced than in RAE 25. Ten to 100 times more (2 and 20 ,uMolar) 20-HE was needed to achieve significant growth suppression (P < 0.025 and < 0.005). The growth of both lines declined (P < 0.01) by 20% (RAE 25) or 30% (ANE 58) when the medium contained 38 AMolar of JH III. The bimodal growth response of line RAE 25 to 20-HE also occurred in the presence of 3.8 and 38 ,Molar JH III, and 2 nMolar 20-HE counteracted the suppressive effect of 38 AMolar JH III. Under the influence of 20-HE, the epithelial-like RAE 25 cells aggregated, detached and formed vesicles after certain times, depending on hormone concentration: 5 to 6 days with 2 nMolar, 2 days with 20 nMolar, and 1 day with 200 nMolar or more. The hemocytelike cells of ANE 58 were less sensitive to 20-HE. In the presence of 2 to 20 4Molar 20-HE, the pseudopodia retracted and 70% of the cell population detached. The responses of acarine cells to the hormones 20-HE and JH III are contrasted with those reported for insect cells in culture.
Sex Pheromones of Lepidoptera. 44. Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Location of Pheromone Communication and Mating in Pectinophora gossypiella

Many more mating pairs of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) were found in a cotton field than in neighboring alfalfa and asparagus fields. Mating almost always occurred on the upper sides of cotton leaves and toward the outer perimeter of the plant. The vertical location in the foliage at which mating occurred was greatly influenced by prevailing Wind velocities. On relatively calm nights, most moths mated near the top of the plants. On windy nights most mating occurred at lower levels in the foliage. Correspondingly, traps baited with virgin females captured the most males when located near the top of the foliage on relatively calm nights and at lower levels on windy nights. The phase and position of the moon also influenced the location of pink bollworm mating in cotton. On clear nights when a full-moon was present, almost all mating occurred on leaves that were shadowed from the moon's illumination. This tendency decreased with the presence of a half-moon.
Mechanism and Origins of Selectivities in the Copper-Catalyzed Dearomatization-Induced ortho C–H Cyanation of Vinylarenes

The mechanism of the copper-catalyzed regioselective ortho C–H cyanation of vinylarenes has been investigated using density functional theory calculations. This C–H cyanation is composed of two discrete catalytic cycles (the copper-catalyzed electrophilic cyanative dearomatization and the subsequent base-catalyzed hydrogen transposition) that furnish the ortho C–H cyanated arenes. The electrophilic cyanation step features a unique six-membered transition state, leading to the formation of the dearomatized intermediate with a high level of site selectivity. Such dearomatization significantly increases the reactivity of the C–H bond, thereby enabling the base-assisted C–H activation in the following steps.
Carotid stenting versus endarterectomy for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis: Contemporary results from a large single center study

Objective To compare the complication rates associated with carotid endarterectomy (CEA) versus carotid artery stenting (CAS). Background Carotid stenosis is a well-known cause of stroke and increased mortality. The safety of carotid revascularization may be related to symptom status, medical comorbidities, use of embolic protection devices, as well as operator experience and these factors may vary across patient populations within a single operating center. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients with carotid artery stenosis admitted to our hospital for carotid revascularization between January 1, 2007 and December 1, 2013. The primary end point was a composite endpoint of periprocedural death, stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI). Results Of the 718 patients admitted for carotid revascularization 525 (73.1%) underwent CEA and 193 (26.9%) underwent CAS. Both groups demonstrated similar rates of the composite endpoint, MI, and death; the stenting group demonstrated a higher rate of stroke (4.2% vs. 1.3%; P = 0.020). Adjusting for baseline medical comorbidities and symptom status mitigated this difference (P = 0.091 and 0.113, respectively). When stratified by department performing CAS, there was a significant difference in the occurrence of stroke (P = 0.033), which likewise disappeared in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion The risk of the composite endpoint did not differ significantly between those undergoing CAS versus CEA. The stenting group demonstrated a higher rate of periprocedural stroke, which was also apparent when patients were stratified by stenting department. These differences were likely driven by variation in baseline medical comorbidities and symptom status. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanisms for Induction of Pulmonary Capillary Hemorrhage by Diagnostic Ultrasound: Review and Consideration of Acoustical Radiation Surface Pressure

Diagnostic ultrasound can induce pulmonary capillary hemorrhage (PCH) in rats and other mammals. This phenomenon represents the only clearly demonstrated biological effect of (non-contrast enhanced) diagnostic ultrasound and thus presents a uniquely important safety issue. However, the physical mechanism responsible for PCH remains uncertain more than 25 y after its discovery. Experimental research has indicated that neither heating nor acoustic cavitation, the predominant mechanisms for bioeffects of ultrasound, is responsible for PCH. Furthermore, proposed theoretical mechanisms based on gas-body activation, on alveolar resonance and on impulsive generation of liquid droplets all appear unlikely to be responsible for PCH, owing to unrealistic model assumptions. Here, a simple model based on the acoustical radiation surface pressure (ARSP) at a tissue-air interface is hypothesized as the mechanism for PCH. The ARSP model seems to explain some features of PCH, including the approximate frequency independence of PCH thresholds and the dependence of thresholds on biological factors. However, ARSP evaluated for experimental threshold conditions appear to be too weak to fully account for stress failure of pulmonary capillaries, gauging by known stresses for injurious physiologic conditions. Furthermore, consideration of bulk properties of lung tissue suggests substantial transmission of ultrasound through the pleura, with reduced ARSP and potential involvement of additional mechanisms within the pulmonary interior. Although these recent findings advance our knowledge, only a full understanding of PCH mechanisms will allow development of science-based safety assurance for pulmonary ultrasound.
Fuzzy Logic Controllers: a Knowledge Based System View

Abstract We view fuzzy logic control technology as a high level language in which we can efficiently define and synthesize non-linear controllers for a given process. We contrast fuzzy Proportional Integral (PI) controllers with conventional PI and two dimensional sliding mode controllers. Then we compare the development of Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLC) with that of Knowledge Based System (KBS) applications. We decompose the comparison into reasoning tasks (representation, inference, and control) and application tasks (acquisition, development, validation, compilation, and deployment). After reviewing the reasoning tasks, we focus on the compilation of fuzzy rule bases into fast access lookup-tables. These tables can be used by a simplified run-time engine to determine the FLC's crisp output for a given input.
S-1: Complexity of cytokines in Treg function and stability

Autoimmunity is a direct consequence of a lack of immune homeostasis and unregulated destruction of self-tissues. The lack of regulation has been attributed to the reduced efficacy of a highly specialized regulatory T cell (Treg). Accumulating evidence suggests that defective regulation is due, at least in part, to the instability and loss of Tregs in the inflamed tissues. Treg instability and loss results from reduced IL-2 sensitivity and IL-2 signaling via STAT5 as instability is reversed, and immune regulation restored, with IL-2 therapy. In addition, recent data suggest that the inflammatory milieu can alter cytokine activities including TGFb. This presentation will focus on several aspects of Treg, IL-2 and TGFb biology including their function and stability in mouse and human autoimmune settings. This work is supported by NIH, JDRF and Pfizer Corp.
Consultation Practices: School-Based Instructional Support

Large numbers of children nationwide are at risk for academic failure. To address this problem, federal legislation encouraged school-based consulting teams to adopt a response-to-intervention model that relies on science-based instructional and intervention strategies for preventing, identifying, and responding to children’s academic problems. Among the most effective science-based practices for academic instruction and intervention are those based on applied behavior analysis (ABA). ABA combines behavior analytic principles (e.g., reinforcement, extinction, stimulus control) and procedures (e.g., frequent opportunities to respond with modeling, prompting, and feedback) with the ongoing measurement of student progress. This chapter contrasts ABA with diagnostic-prescriptive models of instructional intervention, describes the behavioral principles underlying effective instruction, and presents best practice recommendations to help school-based consulting teams select and implement evidence-based instructional interventions and monitor student progress.
Who Deserves to Work? How Women Develop Expectations of Child Care Support in Korea

This study extends our understanding of the positive relationship between kin-based child care support and mothers’ ability to stay in the workforce by examining why and how women seek such help. U...
Affective instability predicts the course of depression in late middle-age and older adulthood.

Abstract Background Affective instability is a facet of emotion dysregulation that characterizes various mental disorders, including Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, it is unclear as to how affective instability predicts the course of MDD. It is also unknown whether affective instability is a relevant predictor of MDD in later adulthood, a period when there is a decrease in both affective instability and MDD prevalence. Thus, we investigated the role of affective instability in the course of MDD in a sample of late middle-age and older adults. Methods Using a longitudinal design over five years, 1,630 adults aged 55–64 years (M = 59.60, SD = 2.70) completed a baseline assessment of affective instability (self-report, informant-report, interviewer-report), three assessments of MDD (computerized interview), and eight assessments of depressive symptoms (self-report). Results Baseline affective instability positively predicted the likelihood of having lifetime major depressive episodes (MDE) and first-time MDEs, as well as depressive symptoms up to five years later. However, affective instability did not predict remission or having more depressive symptoms over time. These findings held when controlling for neuroticism. Limitations We only assessed affective instability at the baseline, did not investigate specific mechanisms or recurrence, and focused on middle-age and older adults. Conclusions Our findings replicate and extend prior work by showing that affective instability is differentially related to multiple aspects of MDD's course and remains an important predictor of MDD even in older age. We discuss implications for the role of affective instability in MDD across the lifespan.
Subterranean termites in the urban landscape: Understanding their social structure is the key to successfully implementing population management using bait technology

Subterranean termites will likely continue to be major economic insect pests in the urban environment. Public concerns about pesticide use will not abate but continue to drive development and implementation of environmentally more acceptable control strategies for subterranean termites. Termite baits are a promising alternative to soil termiticide treatments for protection of structures, but the correlation between killing termites in the landscape and protecting structures is tenuous given our current understanding of termite biology. We discuss the problems associated with defining the efficacy of termite bait products in regard to determining termite population parameters in the field. This discussion is in the form of six case histories involving measures of termite activity and relatedness taken over a three-year period. Our findings highlight the need to include control populations in studies of termite bait efficacy, the mobility of termite populations over time, the importance of defining the techniques used to describe termite colony associations, and the need to use a multidisciplinary research approach in addressing the question of termite social structure.
Lymphoepithelioma of the oropharynx.

Lymphoepithelioma is common in the nasopharynx, but its presence elsewhere in Waldeyer's ring is rare. Thirteen patients with lymphoepithelioma in the tonsil and base of the tongue have been treate...
Bruhat-Tits Spaces

The notions and auxiliary theorems which we shall use are all standard from basic undergraduate courses in linear algebra and analysis. However, such courses are structured to provide broad foundations, and there is no time for them to go deeper into certain directions. The present exposition provides an opportunity to exhibit such a direction for students at the undergraduate level by putting together notions which are separated in the courses, such as the derivative as linear map, the exponential series applied to linear maps, positive definite matrices, length of curves, etc. One way to use the present material is to ask interested students themselves to read it and present it to others in a special undergraduate colloquium, seminar, or math club. I have done so successfully at Yale.
Modelling exoplanet detection with the LUVOIR coronagraph (Conference Presentation)

The Coronagraph is a key instrument on the Large UV-Optical-Infrared (LUVOIR) Surveyor mission concept. The Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph (APLC) is one of the baselined mask technologies to enable 1E10 contrast observations in the habitable zones of nearby stars. The LUVOIR concept uses a large, segmented primary mirror (9--15 meters in diameter) to meet its scientific objectives. For such an observatory architecture, the coronagraph performance depends on active wavefront sensing and control and metrology subsystems to compensate for errors in segment alignment (piston and tip/tilt), secondary mirror alignment, and global low-order wavefront errors. Here we present the latest results of the simulation of these effects for different working angle regions and discuss the achieved contrast for exoplanet detection and characterization under these circumstances, including simulated observations using high-fidelity spatial and spectral models of planetary systems generated with Haystacks, setting boundaries for the tolerance of such errors.
Herd-level prevalence of Salmonella Dublin among New York dairy farms based on antibody testing of bulk tank milk

Salmonella Dublin is an important cause of salmonellosis among dairy cattle and poses a considerable threat to public health. This serotype is increasingly being identified among bovine Salmonella isolates from clinical samples in the north-eastern United States, and these isolates are generally multidrug resistant. Our objective was to estimate the herd-level prevalence of Salmonella Dublin among dairy cattle herds throughout New York. Bulk tank milk samples from nearly all commercial dairy herds in New York were collected from milk quality testing laboratories during the first half of 2013. Antibody testing of bulk tank milk was performed using a Salmonella Dublin ELISA kit. Samples representing 4,896 commercial dairies were collected, and antibodies against Salmonella Dublin were detected in 46 herds (0.9%; 95% CI, 0.7%-1.3%). Given the herd-level sensitivity of ELISA testing for Salmonella Dublin in bulk tank milk at a single timepoint, this approach presumably underestimated the true prevalence. Some Salmonella Dublin-positive herds had both positive and negative bulk tanks at the same sampling time, indicating that herds with multiple tanks should test all of them when using this ELISA. Further research is needed to better understand the epidemiologic features of Salmonella Dublin in the north-eastern United States, including risk factors for introduction into dairy herds and principal transmission pathways.
Effect of post-harvest interventions on surficial carrot bacterial community dynamics, pathogen survival, and antibiotic resistance.

Abstract Strategies to mitigate antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), including human pathogens, on raw vegetables are needed to reduce incidence of resistant infections. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of standard post-harvest interventions, sanitizer washing and cold storage, to reduce ARB, including antibiotic resistant strains of the human pathogen E. coli O15:H7 and a common spoilage bacterium Pseudomonas, on raw carrots. To provide a background inoculum representing potential pre-harvest carryover of ARB, carrots were dip-inoculated in dairy cow manure compost slurry and further inoculated with known ARB. Inoculated carrots were washed with one of three treatments: sodium hypochlorite (50 ppm free chlorine), peroxyacetic acid (40 ppm peroxyacetic acid; 11.2% hydrogen peroxide), tap water (no sanitizer), or no washing (control). Washed carrots were air dried, packaged and stored at 10 °C for 7d or 2 °C for up to 60 d. Enumeration was performed using total heterotrophic plate counts (HPC), HPCs on antibiotic-containing media (“ARBs”), E. coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas sp. immediately after washing (0 d) and after 7 d of storage. In addition to the cultured bacteria, changes to the surficial carrot microbiota were profiled by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons to determine the effect of sanitizer wash, storage temperature, and time of storage (0, 1, 7, 14 and 60 d). Storage temperature, addition of a sanitizer during wash, and duration of storage significantly affected the bacterial microbiota (Wilcoxon, p
Feasibility and acceptability of a beverage intervention for Hispanic adults: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a beverage intervention in Hispanic adults. Design Eligible individuals identified as Hispanic, were 18-64 years old and had BMI 30·0-50·0 kg/m2. Participants were randomized 2:2:1 to one of three beverages: Mediterranean lemonade (ML), green tea (GT) or flavoured water control (FW). After a 2-week washout period, participants were asked to consume 32 oz (946 ml) of study beverage daily for 6 weeks and avoid other sources of tea, citrus, juice and sweetened beverages; water was permissible. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and 8 weeks to assess primary and secondary efficacy outcomes. Setting Tucson, AZ, USA.ParticipantsFifty-two participants were recruited over 6 months; fifty were randomized (twenty-one ML, nineteen GT, ten FW). Study population mean (sd) age 44·6 (sd 10·2) years, BMI 35·9 (4·6) kg/m2; 78 % female. Results Forty-four (88 %) completed the 8-week assessment. Self-reported adherence was high. No significant change (95 % CI) in total cholesterol (mg/dl) from baseline was shown -1·7 (-14·2, 10·9), -3·9 (-17·2, 9·4) and -13·2 (-30·2, 3·8) for ML, GT and FW, respectively. Mean change in HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) -2·3 (-5·3, 0·7; ML), -1·0 (-4·2, 2·2; GT), -3·9 (-8·0, 0·2; FW) and LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) 0·2 (-11·3, 11·8; ML), 0·5 (-11·4, 12·4; GT), -9·8 (-25·0, 5·4; FW) were also non-significant. Fasting glucose (mg/dl) increased significantly by 5·2 (2·6, 7·9; ML) and 3·3 (0·58, 6·4; GT). No significant change in HbA1c was demonstrated. Due to the small sample size, potential confounders and effect modifiers were not investigated. Conclusions Recruitment and retention figures indicate that a larger-scale trial is feasible; however, favourable changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers were not demonstrated.
Fermi surface, possible unconventional fermions, and unusually robust resistive critical fields in the chiral-structured superconductor AuBe

The noncentrosymmetric superconductor (NCS) AuBe is investigated using a variety of thermodynamic and resistive probes in magnetic fields of up to 65~T and temperatures down to 0.3~K. Despite the polycrystalline nature of the samples, the observation of a complex series of de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations has allowed the calculated bandstructure for AuBe to be validated. This permits a variety of BCS parameters describing the superconductivity to be estimated, despite the complexity of the measured Fermi surface. In addition, AuBe displays a nonstandard field dependence of the phase of dHvA oscillations associated with a band thought to host unconventional fermions in this chiral lattice. This result demonstrates the power of the dHvA effect to establish the properties of a single band despite the presence of other electronic bands with a larger density of states, even in polycrystalline samples. In common with several other NCSs, we find that the resistive upper critical field exceeds that measured by heat capacity and magnetization by a considerable factor. We suggest that our data exclude mechanisms for such an effect associated with disorder, implying that topologically protected superconducting surface states may be involved.
Craniopharyngioma: Embryology, Pathology, and Molecular Aspects

Craniopharyngiomas are believed to arise from ectodermal epithelium of the pharyngo-hypophyseal duct, which commonly persists after involution of Rathke’s cleft, thus explaining the suprasellar location of this tumor. Two distinctive variants include the adamantinomatous type that is most common in children, but can also occur in adults, and the papillary type that occurs almost exclusively in adults. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas have basal pallisading of tumor cell nuclei, stellate reticulum, and characteristic “wet” keratin. Degeneration of keratinaceous debris often takes the form of “machine oil”-like fluid. Calcification is common, and such tumors typically invade the adjacent brain and incite a brisk “piloid gliosis” with Rosenthal fibers. The papillary variant consists of a bland stratified squamous epithelium that lines fibrovascular tissue cores but lacks basal pallisading, stellate reticulum, “wet” keratin, and calcifications. Adamantinomatous tumors show Wnt pathway activation with β-catenin accumulation in tumor cell nuclei, while papillary craniopharyngiomas were recently shown to have BRAF V600E mutations.
Abstract 4582: Mannose receptor positive macrophage infiltrate correlates with prostate cancer onset and metastatic castration-resistant disease

M2-Tumor Associated macrophages (M2-TAMs) can suppress inflammation within the tumor microenvironment and have been reported to modulate cancer progression. We and others have previously reported infiltration of M2 macrophages in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancers (mCRPC). The objective of this study was to determine whether the extent of M2 macrophage infiltration correlates with prostate cancer aggressiveness, we applied immunohistochemistry to normal prostatic tissue, localized prostate cancer and metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) from 192 patients. To assess M2 macrophage involvement, we analytically validated an IHC assay to detect the human mannose receptor (CD206). Also, we used multiplex immunofluorescent staining to show that a small fraction of CD206 staining co-localizes with endothelial cells of lymphatic vessels, while the vast majority of staining occurs in CD68-positive macrophages. The area fraction of staining for CD206-positive macrophages increased in a stepwise fashion going from normal (i.e. non-inflammation) prostatic tissue, to primary untreated carcinomas, to hormone naive regional lymph node metastases to castration resistant prostate cancer. Complimentary studies using flow cytometry confirmed CD206-positive M2-TAM infiltration. Altogether, this study revealed a progressive increase in CD206-positive macrophages from normal prostate to metastatic CRPC. Given the immunosuppressive nature of these cells and lack of clinical success of immunotherapy for prostate cancer patients, our results provide a rationale for therapeutic development to deplete these cells in the prostate cancer microenvironment as a potential method to augment immunotherapeutic approaches in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Jelani C. Zarif, Javier A. Baena-Del Valle, Jessica L. Hicks, Christopher M. Heaphy, Igor Vidal, Jacob Luo, Tamara L. Lotan, Jody E. Hooper, William B. Isaacs, Kenneth J. Pienta, Angelo M. De Marzo. Mannose receptor positive macrophage infiltrate correlates with prostate cancer onset and metastatic castration-resistant disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4582.
Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Fabricated by Tape-Casting and Dip-Coating Methods

Tubular anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) generate lower current densities than the planar SOFCs, but they have several advantages such as ease of sealing, high durability, and thermal-cycling stability. In this study, tubular anode supported SOFCs were fabricated by coupling the tape-casting and dip-coating methods. An anode support tape-cast was rolled into tubular shape over a mandrel. The seam joined to form a tube by solvent-assisted lamination at room temperature. The sample was pre-sintered at 900 °C, followed by dip-coating and co-sintering of the electrolyte at 1400 °C. The cathode layers were dip-coated onto the electrolyte and sintered at 1150 °C. The electrochemical performance of the prepared tubular SOFC was evaluated in N2/H2 gas at 650–800 °C. The cell exhibited a maximum power density of 281 mW cm-2 at 800 °C. The results confirmed that using simple low-cost methods including tape-casting, solvent-assisted lamination and dip-coating has the potential for the mass production of tubular SOFCs.
The relation between body image perceptions, parental messages, and depressive symptoms among Latinx college students.

Objectives This study examines the role of parental messages about body image in relation to body image dissatisfaction (BID) and depressive symptoms among Latinx college students. We assessed negative and positive messages about body image from mothers and fathers to examine the indirect effect of BID in explaining links from parental communication to depressive symptoms. Method The sample included 198 Latinx college students in the southeastern United States (age range 18-25, 70% female). We used four mediation models, whereby parental comments were modeled to affect depressive symptoms through BID. Results Results indicated that although there was no direct effect between parental messages and depressive symptoms, both negative maternal and paternal comments had indirect effects on depressive symptoms via BID. Conclusions Parental messages about body image have significant implications for understanding the etiology of BID and concomitant depressive symptoms among Latinx college students. The findings highlight the important role of parental communication in Latinx student health and the need for future studies to better understand Latinx college students' interpretations of their parents' positive and negative comments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Chip-to-Chip Authentication Method Based on SRAM PUF and Public Key Cryptography

In today’s globalized integrated circuit (IC) ecosystem, untrusted foundries are often procured to build critical systems since they offer state-of-the-art silicon with the best performance available. On the other hand, ICs that originate from trusted fabrication cannot match the same performance level since trusted fabrication is often available on legacy nodes. Split-Chip is a dual-IC approach that leverages the performance of an untrusted IC and combines it with the guaranties of a trusted IC. In this paper, we provide a framework for chip-to-chip authentication that can further improve a Split-Chip system by protecting it from attacks that are unique to Split-Chip. A hardware implementation that utilizes an SRAM-based PUF as an identifier and public key cryptography for handshake is discussed. Circuit characteristics are provided, where the trusted IC is designed in a 28-nm CMOS technology and the untrusted IC is designed in an also commercial 16-nm CMOS technology. Most importantly, our solution does not require a processor for performing any of the handshake or cryptography tasks, thus being not susceptible to software vulnerabilities and exploits.
Isolating Effects of Medicare Code Slot Expansion on Longitudinal Risk Assessment

ABSTRACT Background The evaluation of trends in patient outcomes requires adjustment for the changes in case-mix over time and, thus, could be influenced by the expansion of code slots on inpatient claims that occurred in January 2011. We tested the hypothesis that the changes in code slots caused an artifactual increase in the case mix over time compared with a strategy that restricted inpatient codes to the same number of slots over time, excluding consideration of codes beyond the first 9 after the expansion. Methods In Medicare claims over a 5-year period spanning the inpatient code slot expansion (2008-2012), we created cohorts of hospitalizations for heart failure (HF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and pneumonia, common hospitalization conditions included in federal policies. We obtained information on risk factors for 30-day post-discharge mortality or readmission for each condition from inpatient facility Medicare claims, outpatient facility claims and professional (or carrier) claims. We evaluated the effects of additional codes captured from the expanded slots in inpatient claims on the number of risk factors or model covariates, overall and based on their contribution to the risk of mortality or readmission. We modelled the effects of code expansion on risk-assessment using an interrupted time series framework. Results There were 2,102,509 eligible hospitalizations for HF, 872,734 for AMI and 1,824,079 for pneumonia. The average number of risk factors increased across all covariate selection strategies. There was a larger increase in monthly average covariate count that included all codes at the time of the code slot increase relative to a strategy that consistently used only 9 inpatient codes (level change in interrupted time series model, 0.9% [95% CI 0.7% to 1.1%] in HF, 0.6% [0.5% to 0.7%] for AMI and 0.6% [0.4% to 0.8%] for pneumonia). Using both inpatient and outpatient/carrier codes for assessing risk factors, there was a smaller difference between strategies using 9 inpatient codes, compared with all inpatient claims (relative excess increase in covariates by 0.6% [0.4% to 0.8%] in HF, 0.4% [0.3% to 0.5%] for AMI, and 0.3% [0.1% to 0.6%] in pneumonia). However, the additional codes were limited to covariates with small contributions to the risk-adjustment models for mortality, without a significant inflection in measured risk of mortality across code expansion (P>0.05 in interrupted time-series models). Measured readmission risk increased with using only inpatient claims for risk assessment, but not if all outpatient and carrier claims were also used (P>0.05 in interrupted time-series models). Conclusions The expansion of inpatient code slots did not meaningfully affect the measurement of the risk of mortality or readmission, especially if comprehensive inpatient and outpatient claims are used, because the additional covariates only included conditions with a modest influence on risk adjusted models. The use of all versus limited codes after the code slot expansion has a minimal effect on evaluating trends in these conditions.
Unplanned HM3 Heart Failure-Related Hospitalizations: Reclassifying Post-Discharge Right Ventricular Failure

Purpose Heart failure-related hospitalization (HFH) after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implant remains prevalent. Our primary aim was to better elucidate the extent of HFH in patients supported by HM3 resulting from predominant right (RHFS) versus left (LHFS) HF syndrome. We also re-classified INTERMACS-defined RHF by the underlying HFS phenotype. Methods Retrospective data were extracted on patients with HFH post-HM3 implant at our institution (January 2017-May 2019) for demographics, hemodynamics by echocardiogram and/or right heart catheterization, and detailed physical exam findings. Data from each HFH were used to categorize the underlying HFS phenotypes (Table 1). HFH is defined as re-hospitalization post-index implant with a fluid overload syndrome and use of parenteral diuretics. INTERMACS RHF is defined by elevated right atrial pressure requiring the use of varying degrees of right ventricular support, including the sole use of parenteral diuretics. Statistical analyses used the Fisher exact t-test (SAS, version 9.4). Results One hundred forty-three patients defined the HM3 study cohort. Twenty-three patients (mean age 57.7 ± 11.2 years) had HFH (16.1% prevalence), with a median time to first HFH of 65.6 days post-implant. HFH was due to LHFS in 11 patients (47.8%; 2 LHFS and 9 BiV HFS) and predominant RHFS in 12 patients (52.2%). Twenty-one patients met criteria for INTERMACS-defined RHF (14.7% prevalence). By categorical phenotyping, an elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) >15 mm Hg was noted in 42.9% of these cases. Conclusion BiV HFS and predominant RHFS account for most HFH post-HM3 implant. LHFS account for nearly half of the post-discharge INTERMACS-defined RHF re-hospitalizations. Further examination of the predictors and underlying causes of partial LV unloading, and the implications on long-term outcomes including survival and functional capacity is warranted.
LGBTQ State Legislative Candidates in an Era of Backlash

In 2017, transgender woman Danica Roem stunned political observers in Virginia by unseating a long-time anti-LGBTQ legislator from a conservative district in the Virginia House of Delegates.1 She was the first openly transgender person elected and seated to a state legislature. Delegate Roem’s election was historic in LGBTQ political representation, but it also occurred in a period when backlash against the LGBTQ community seemed to be growing (Taylor, Lewis, and Haider-Markel 2018). These two threads led us to ask: How are LGBTQ candidates achieving historic successes even as forces seem mobilized against them?
From actions to words: FEMEN’s fourth-wave manifestos:

Since its creation in 2008 in Ukraine, FEMEN has fascinated mainstream audiences and scholars alike. Yet few studies have dealt with FEMEN’s writings in French. While the lack of translations may p...
Infectious Diseases Simulation for Medical Students: Experiential Instruction on Personal Protective Equipment.

Introduction The emergence of COVID-19 highlighted the critical importance of appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for the safety of patients and health care personnel. However, p...
MHC-II constrains the natural neutralizing antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBM in humans

SARS-CoV-2 antibodies develop within two weeks of infection, but wane relatively rapidly post-infection, raising concerns about whether antibody responses will provide protection upon re-exposure. Here we revisit T-B cooperation as a prerequisite for effective and durable neutralizing antibody responses centered on a mutationally constrained RBM B cell epitope. T-B cooperation requires co-processing of B and T cell epitopes by the same B cell and is subject to MHC-II restriction. We evaluated MHC-II constraints relevant to the neutralizing antibody response to a mutationally-constrained B cell epitope in the receptor binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein. Examining common MHC-II alleles, we found that peptides surrounding this key B cell epitope are predicted to bind poorly, suggesting a lack MHC-II support in T-B cooperation, impacting generation of high-potency neutralizing antibodies in the general population. Additionally, we found that multiple microbial peptides had potential for RBM cross-reactivity, supporting previous exposures as a possible source of T cell memory.
Predicting outcomes in central venous catheter salvage in pediatric central line–associated bloodstream infection

Objective Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a common, costly, and hazardous healthcare-associated infection in children. In children in whom continued access is critical, salvage of infected central venous catheters (CVCs) with antimicrobial lock therapy is an alternative to removal and replacement of the CVC. However, the success of CVC salvage is uncertain, and when it fails the catheter has to be removed and replaced. We describe a machine learning approach to predict individual outcomes in CVC salvage that can aid the clinician in the decision to attempt salvage. Materials and methods Over a 14-year period, 969 pediatric CLABSIs were identified in electronic health records. We used 164 potential predictors to derive 4 types of machine learning models to predict 2 failed salvage outcomes, infection recurrence and CVC removal, at 10 time points between 7 days and 1 year from infection onset. Results The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve varied from 0.56 to 0.83, and key predictors varied over time. The infection recurrence model performed better than the CVC removal model did. Conclusions Machine learning-based outcome prediction can inform clinical decision making for children. We developed and evaluated several models to predict clinically relevant outcomes in the context of CVC salvage in pediatric CLABSI and illustrate the variability of predictors over time.