cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficiency Limits for Value-Deviation-Bounded Approximate Communication

Transferring data between integrated circuits accounts for a growing proportion of system power in wearable and mobile systems. The dynamic component of power dissipated in this data transfer can be reduced by reducing signal transitions. Techniques for reducing signal transitions on communication links have traditionally been targeted at parallel buses and can therefore not be applied when the transfer interfaces are serial buses. In this article, we address the issue of the best-case effectiveness of techniques to reduce signal transitions on serial buses, if these techniques also allow some error in the numeric interpretation of transmitted data. For many embedded applications, exchanging numeric accuracy for power reduction is a worthwhile tradeoff. We present a study of the efficiency of these value-deviation-bounded approximate serial data encoders (VDBS data encoders) and proofs of their properties. The bounds and proofs we present yield new insights into the best possible tradeoffs between dynamic power reduction and approximation error that can be achieved in practice. The insights are important regardless of whether actual practical VDBS data encoders are implemented in software or in hardware.
Alternate fault diagnosis strategy in a distributed environment

All approach that uses a hardware device to perform fault diagnosis in a fully distributed multiprocessor system is proposed. Both the complexities of the diagnostic hardcore and interprocessor communication are reduced. Fault diagnosis in a fully distributed system with permanent faults is considered. Standard notation, definitions, and a framework for discussion are provided. A brief description of the general fault diagnosis process follows. The structure of the diagnostic hardware for each component in the system, called a component diagnosis element (CDE), is defined. The input dependency of each CDE is presented along with a discussion of how this diagnosis device carries out fault diagnosis in a distributed environment. The necessary conditions are provided for a class of fully distributed systems where faulty processors can be diagnosed independently within each processor provided that the number of faulty processors does not exceed a set limit. >
Selling physics to unwilling buyers: Physics fact and fiction

We've all had the following experience. You meet someone at a party and they ask you what you do. You tell them you are a physicist. Quickly, they change the topic. But if you ask them if they are interested in black holes, warp drives or time travel, then they are fascinated.
SP0004 Gain to society from rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Data from randomized trials

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), a chronic progressive systemic inflammatory disorder, can exert a tremendous toll from affected persons in terms of impaired functional status, and accelerated morbidity and mortality. The uncontrolled inflammation of RA is associated with substantial economic costs, not only for patients and their families, but also to society. The costs can be broadly divided into: 1) direct costs (including costs for medications, hospitalizations, physician/clinic visits, laboratory and other tests for monitoring therapy, and the costs of diagnosing and treating adverse effects) and 2) indirect costs (including opportunity costs, such as lost wages and impaired productivity at work and at home; failure costs, such as the direct and indirect costs for alternative treatments; and intangible costs, to the patient and family). In recent years, the introduction of novel therapies, particularly biologic agents, as well as newer treatment paradigms, have allowed clinicians to more optimally treat their RA patients. RA patients are more likely to achieve lower disease activity and better outcomes, such as improved functional status. Such improvements decrease the indirect costs of RA, and hence may balance costs related to treatment. Due to increasing health care costs worldwide, there has been interest in assessing the value of medical therapies. In RA, a large number of pharmacoeconomic assessments have been performed, including assessments of data from randomized clinical trials. There are both advantages as well as limitations to using data from clinical trials for pharmacoeconomic assessments. Overall, data from clinical trials provide support for the conclusion that in patients with severe active RA, highly effective interventions, including the use of biologic agents, can have an incremental cost efficacy within the accepted range for medical interventions. References Ter Wee MM, et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2012;71:161-71. Verstappen SMM, et al. Rheumatology 2012;51:216-29. Wolfe F et al. Rheumatology 2004;43:4-6. Maetzel A. AR53:3-4. Solomon D, Maetzel A. Int J Adv Rheumatol 2004;2:91-6. Wong J. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2004;22(Suppl 35):S65-70. Disclosure of Interest A. Kavanaugh Grant/Research support from: amgen, abbott, ucb, bms, janssen, roche
The Neural Control of Spermatophore Formation and Sperm Transfer in the Silkworm, Bombyx mori L.

The removal of the head of the male silkworm, Bombyx mori L., immediately after mating commences does not alter the production of fertile eggs by the female. The brain and suboesophageal ganglion are not required for spermatophore formation and sperm transfer. When the nerve cord is cut between the 2nd and 3rd abdominal ganglia 1–2 min after mating it significantly reduces egg production and egg fertility. It is possible that the passage of the accessory fluids is under partial control of ganglia anterior to the 3rd abdominal ganglion but not the brain or suboesophageal ganglion, and the amount transferred to the females may affect the number of eggs laid and the fertility of the eggs.
FIRE: A fast, accurate, and smooth planetary body ephemeris interpolation system

tree navigation algorithm, and vectorized calls. Further, our approach naturally provides rst and second time derivatives for a small additional cost. The derivative capability is particularly attractive for optimization and targeting where smooth and accurate derivatives are important. Relative performance comparisons with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s SPICE ephemeris system shows typical speed improvements of approximately two orders of magnitude for various state and orientation calls.
Guy Williams Jr. memorial lecture 1985. Concerning transient ischemic attacks.

To investigate some of the controversies concerning transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) recent experience with cerebrovascular disease at the Massachusetts General Hospital is reviewed. For example, TIAs are commonly thought to last up to 24 hours, but TIAs rarely lasted one hour in Massachusetts General cases (135 cases). Recurrent TIAs preceded strokes in 90% of 100 cases, whereas single TIAs usually posed no threat (32 cases). Of 80 patients who had more than one TIA, 88.5% had the second attack within one week. A clinicopathologic study of endarterectomy specimens in 57 cases supported hemodynamic failure rather than embolism as the cause of TIAs. Embolism from a carotid mural thrombus caused longer spells (1 case). Cardiogenic emboli (200 cases) entering a carotid system did not cause ischemic episodes that mimicked carotid TIAs (50 cases), that is, their behavior did not resemble that attributed to fibrin platelet emboli from carotid mural thrombi. The problem of TIAs in the absence of vascular disease is discussed.
Properties of Substrate-Type a-Sihh Devices Prepared Using ECR Conditions

We report on the preparation and properties of a-Si:H devices prepared at high temperatures on stainless steel substrates using low pressure ECR plasma deposition techniques. The devices were prepared using either Hydrogen or Helium as the plasma diluent gas. The use of He as the plasma gas led to films having significantly lower H concentration(4-5%) and a lower bandgap than comparable films made using hydrogen dilution. We find that we can make excellent devices, with good fill factors(over 70%) and voltages(over 0.86 V) using either H or He dilution. The use of He led to devices having smaller bandgap, by about 35–40 meV compared to devices made using H dilution. Detailed quantum efficiency measurements show that the hole collection in both types of devices is excellent, and that Urbach energies of tail states in each case is in the range of 43-45 meV.
Population Studies of Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Tomato and Corn in Southeast Arkansas

Commercial fresh-market tomato fields in southeast Arkansas were monitored for Heliothis spp. during 1981 and 1982. Caterpillar-caused fruit damage, most of which was due to Heliothis, was surveyed during regular plant examinations both years and during harvest in 1982. Oviposition by Heliothis zea in nearby corn plots was also measured during 1982. Although H. virescens was present in the tomato crop system, H. zea was the predominant species. In 1981, highest Heliothis egg counts on tomato were found on 5 and 29 May. In 1982, Heliothis egg densities on tomato were very low until 30 June. Although fruit damage was greater in insecticide-free sections of fields during 1982, overall damage was considered to be quite low (ca. 1–2%) in all plots. The proximity of silking-stage corn appeared to be an important factor in H. zea seasonal population patterns in the tomato system.
Has Human Factors Come of Age

A number of critical factors in the past, present, and future of the human factors field are evaluated. By many criteria human factors is efflorescent. However, probing beneath the surface and taking a longer-range and more systemic view suggests conditions of morbidity that, if unheeded, may lead to the demise of human factors as a separate entity. In order for human factors to be viable and useful in the future, theory building must be advanced which is explanatory of the interactions among people and machines (or technologies) in environments. Human factors must brake the momentum generated by existing institutional settings and overreliance on the experimental psychology (laboratory) model. A number of possible new liaisons with other fields and means of anticipating the future are identified. A number of specific research questions, deemed important to human factors expansion and realworld usefulness, are posed.
The U.S. Health System

The complexity of the health system continues to grow and can be characterized by more to know, do, manage, and watch for more people than at any point in history. Population health and health outcomes in the United States have been largely impacted by poorly organized and uncoordinated health care delivery. As the U.S. health system aims to improve quality, increase access, and reduce cost, the role of clinical informatics has become increasingly important. This chapter sets the foundation for understanding the importance of clinical information’s and the flow of information within the various domains of the health system as well as between these health system domains.
Related fectors of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in emergency department:analysis of 132 cases

Objective To analyze the causes of the cardiac arrest and factors influencing cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)so as to find out approaches to improve the effects of in-hospital resuscitation in emergency department.Methods The data of 132 patients with respiratory and cardiac arrest,91 males and 41 females,aged 64.59,who underwent CPR in the Department of Emergency of Fuxing Hospital,Beijing,from April 2001 to April 2006 were analyzed retrospectively.Results The success rate was 29.55%(39/132).The success rate of CPR was correlated with the age,history,time of initial resuscitation and early defibrillation.Conclusion Cardiovascular disease and sudden injury are the main causes of cardiopulmonary arrest.Age is an important factor in resuscitation.Complication of It cerebral vascular diseases and respiratory diseases are high risk factors of cardiopulmonary arrest.Early initiation of CPR and early defibrillation are key factors for successful CPR.
How Might We Classify Strabismus

A classification in medicine might be likened to a blueprint for construction of a house. The blueprint is not a very pretty or exciting work of art, but without it, there would be no house. A classification is, as we know from many areas in medicine, a singular activity, which when carried out on the deepest level of our understanding of diseases and their effects on the human organism, provides a scaffold (a blueprint of the mind, so to speak) on which entire generations of clinical and basic research efforts, of therapeutic trials, and of natural history studies of disease may be founded. At its best, a classification has many intellectual offspring that use it to test, to measure, and to guide, those efforts. The best classification systems have two properties that are embedded in their structure and endear them to all who use them. The first is a simple, unambiguous, easily grasped central principle to which all data (laboratory, clinical, historical, physical, and so on) may be related, for example, cardiac function in the American Heart Association Classification of heart disease. The second is a structure that does not necessitate the total storage capacity of our short-term memory. One need not carry a heavy tome to have access to and to utilize the classification. These two qualities are reciprocally related. The deeper and more penetrating our understanding of the entity we wish to classify, the simpler and more unambiguous will be the classification’s central principle. From this arises a basic unity that enables us to perceive, in what may be a rich diversity of appearances, a common nature, combining many diverse phenomena within a manageable structure.
Setting the global health agenda: The influence of advocates and ideas on political priority for maternal and newborn survival

This study investigates a puzzle concerning global health priorities—why do comparable issues receive differential levels of attention and resources? It considers maternal and neonatal mortality, two high-burden issues that pertain to groups at risk at birth and whose lives could be saved with effective intrapartum care. Why did maternal survival gain status as a global health priority earlier and to a greater degree than newborn survival? Higher mortality and morbidity burdens among newborns and the cost-effectiveness of interventions would seem to predict that issue's earlier and higher prioritization. Yet maternal survival emerged as a priority two decades earlier and had attracted considerably more attention and resources by the close of the Millennium Development Goals era. This study uses replicative process-tracing case studies to examine the emergence and growth of political priority for these two issues, probing reasons for unexpected variance. The study finds that maternal survival's grounding as a social justice issue spurred growth of a strong and diverse advocacy network and aligned the issue with powerful international norms (e.g. expectations to advance women's rights and the Millennium Development Goals), drawing attention and resources to the issue over three decades. Newborn survival's disadvantage stems from its long status as an issue falling under the umbrellas of maternal and child survival but not fully adopted by these networks, and with limited appeal as a public health issue advanced by a small and technically focused network; network expansion and alignment with child survival norms have improved the issue's status in the past few years.
"THE End of HISTORY" in the Early Picturing of Geological Time

Les anciennes representations de l'epoque geologique expriment l'aspect chretien de l'histoire du monde ou un procede theologique conduit a la naissance de l'homme
Closed ASL Interpreting for Online Videos

This paper focuses on accessibility for deaf and hard of hearing people, specifically those who rely on American Sign Language (ASL) for communication, with regards to online videos. In this paper, we propose the idea of "closed interpreting" which allows the interpreter to be toggled on and appear alongside the main video, similiar to closed captioning. While the idea is similar to closed captioning, closed interpreting as described in this paper is more dynamic, allowing viewers to adjust the interpreter as they please. A major factor in differentiating closed captioning from closed interpreting is that many deaf and hard of hearing signers rely on ASL as their primary means of communication and thus English captioning is not satisfactory. The goal of the research presented in this paper is to assess what features and qualities of closed interpreting appeals to deaf viewers.
Autism today: Have we put the cart before the horse?

In a seminal article published in 1943, Leo Kanner1 described cases of school-aged children with notable impairments in social interaction and the presence of somewhat atypical, often repetitive, behaviors, which he characterized as “inborn autistic disturbances of affective contact.” While the term “autism” was coined by Bleuler in the early 1900s in connection with schizophrenia, it was Kanner (and then Asperger) who laid the foundation for autism being considered a neurodevelopmental disorder. Not until 1980, however, did autism become a formal clinical diagnosis (American Psychiatric Association, DSM-III, 1980). Since then, the term has evolved to encompass a wide range of cognitive abilities, comorbidities, and developmental stages known collectively as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and increased awareness and broadening of this spectrum have been accompanied by a rapid rise in prevalence, now estimated to be 1:68 children.2
Endovascular and Surgical Treatment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients in Trauma Setting: Analysis from National Trauma Data Base (NTDB) (P01.028)

OBJECTIVE: To compare endovascular treatment with surgical treatment in traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. BACKGROUND: Traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (tSAH) occurs in up to 60% of patients with TBI and is associated with higher death and disability in TBI patients. Vascular injury in the form of aneurysms, dissections, and transections may require treatment to prevent further bleeding episodes. DESIGN/METHODS: tSAH and related endovascular and surgical procedures were identified by ICD-9-CM codes from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). NTDB represents one of the largest trauma databases and contains data from over 900 trauma centers across the United States. Surgical and endovascular treatment groups were compared by variables of patient demographics, initial injury severity score (ISS) and GCS assessment in the emergency department (ED), hospital course, and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 119 tSAH patients were identified who required treatment for intracranial vascular injury. Of these, 53% received endovascular treatment and 47% were treated surgically. The mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) [23(19-26) versus 15(12-18); P=0.03] and frequency of skull base fracture (30% versus 2%; P CONCLUSIONS: Despite more severe injury and lower admission GCS scores, patients who received endovascular treatment had lower ICU day requirement and similar discharge outcomes. Such observations support the preferential use of endovascular treatment in trauma settings. Disclosure: Dr. Majidi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jadhav has nothing to disclose. Dr. Adil has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rahim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Watanabe has nothing to disclose. Dr. ATACH Investigators has nothing to disclose.
Comparative Study between Two Proposed Methods of an Extracted Road Network and its Nodes from Satellite Images of Algeria Sites for Contribution to the Elaboration of a Geographical Information System GIS

This work consists to give a comparative study between two proposed methods of an extracted road network and its nodes from satellite images of Algeria sites. The proposed methods are founded on the information theory and the mathematical morphology. A model of integration of obtained results in a geographical information system GIS will be presented. It is applied for that the geometrical representation of the images is as near as possible to the reality. The performances of this work were tested on satellite images of Algeria sites. The practical results obtained are in general satisfactory.
Moving from managing enrollment to predicting student success

We describe the construction and assessment of a plan to foster student success in Computer Science (CS) in response to continued enrollment growth. We examined cross correlations of grades from student transcripts from the past four years to determine what patterns of grades in early classes were indicative of future success. The resulting statistics and visualizations showed that students generally did better in the first class than subsequent classes, suggesting that C grades in the first class might indicate difficulty. We also examined students enrolled in the pre-capstone software engineering course. The analysis showed that no graduating CS major had received a C in both first two programming courses. We examined the data to be sure that the proposal would not diminish the participation of members of underrepresented groups disproportionately. As a result, the CS faculty approved a change in prerequisite for the third course to require that student receive an A or a B in at least one of the first two courses. GPA data was also analyzed and found to be a poor predictor of success in computer science, demonstrating that our previous approach to limiting enrollment was inferior. This new approach has advantages over the previous GPA-based plan, but enrollment management plans risk making college harder for at risk students to succeed in CS. The biggest limitation of this plan is that it is expected to make only a small change in CS enrollment.
A Model for Graded Retinal Ischemia in Rats.

Purpose Retinal ischemic injury depends on grade and duration of an ischemic insult. We developed a method to induce ischemic injury in rats permitting: (1) Variable grades of retinal blood flow (F) reduction, (2) controllable duration of F reduction, (3) injury without collateral neural damage, and (4) optical measurements of F and O2-related factors: O2 delivery (DO2), O2 extraction fraction (OEF), and metabolic rate of O2 (MO2). Methods In five anesthetized rats the left common carotid artery (CA) was ligated and the right CA was exposed. A variable clamp having a backstop and a rod mounted on a micromanipulator straddled the right CA. Advancing the rod with the micromanipulator produced graded compressions of the CA. F and O2-related factors were measured with established optical techniques. Results Four to seven grades of F for at least 10 minutes were achieved per rat. F decreased only with compressions of over 60%. DO2 changed in proportion to F, particularly at low F. As F decreased, OEF initially changed little, but then rose steeply to its maximum of 1 when F was approximately 4 μL/min. MO2 was stable with reduced F until OEF maximized, after which it decreased progressively. Conclusions This model in rats permits acute, graded inner retinal ischemia that is reversible after prescribed durations, does not otherwise injure the eye and allows optical measurement of important physiologic factors during ischemia. Translational Relevance This model will allow improved understanding of retinal ischemic injury and enable better management of this common, sight-threatening affliction.
Performativity and Pedagogy: The Making of Educational Subjects

Building from J.L. Austin's concept of ‘performative,’ this essay explores the production of subjectivity and of educational subjects by applying important work from Judith Butler on Foucault, Derrida, and as centrally illustrative, through an analysis of sex and gender. Given this analytical framework, the turn is then to “queer performativity” and the possibility of performative power in pedagogy. The last draws assistance from Valerie Walkerdine, Homi Bhabha and especially James Donald.
Rabbit conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells belong to two separate lineages.

Purpose. This study investigated rabbit conjunctival and corneal epithelial cells to determine if they belong to two separate lineages. Methods. Rabbit corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelial cells were isolated and grown in Dulbecco's minimum essential media and 20% fetal bovine serum in the presence of mitomycin-treated 3T3 feeder cells. After reaching 80% confluence, 3T3 feeder cells and any contaminating fibroblasts were removed, and epithelial cells were resuspended in fresh Dulbecco's minimum essential media. Aliquots containing 5 X 10 h cells were placed subcutaneously into the flanks of athymic mice, which subsequently formed small nodules. At 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, 21, and 28 days, athymic mice were killed and the nodules (epithelial cyst) were excised for light and transmission electron microscopic examination and histochemical and cell kinetic analyses. Results. Within 2 days after injection of single-cell suspensions, cells aggregated to form cysts lined with a stratified squamous epithelium, the structure of which resembled the original in vivo donor sites by 8 days. Limbal- and corneal-derived cysts were comprised only of glycogen-rich stratified epithelial cells. In contrast, only cysts arising from cultured conjunctival cells contained periodic acid-Schiff-positive cells with a goblet cell structure interspersed among stratified epithelial cells. Furthermore, cystic epithelium of conjunctival origin did not accumulate glycogen. Conclusions. To determine whether distinct phenotypes are caused by intrinsic divergence or by environmental modulation, the behavior of cells can be monitored in an identical in vivo growth environment. The athymic mouse provides such a permissive growth environment for cultured corneal, limbal, and conjunctival epithelial cells. All these cells reproduced their in vivo phenotype when placed in the athymic mouse. Thus, these findings provide the strongest evidence to date that the corneal-limbal lineage is distinct from the conjunctival lineage. These data also support the idea that the progenitor of goblet cells does not reside in the corneal-limbal epithelial compartment. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996; 37:523-533.
Child Abuse and the Politics of Care

This paper describes some of the powerful cultural ideologies which inform reactions to instances of sexual abuse at childcare facilities. Subtle and persistent beliefs and assumptions about mother...
Hearing Impairment, Household Composition, Marital Status, and Mortality among U.S. Adults

Objective This study investigates associations between hearing impairment, household composition, marital status, and all-cause mortality for a representative sample of United States adults aged 40 and older (N = 198,902). Method We use data from 11 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2014) linked to prospective mortality status through 2015. The risk of mortality over the follow-up period is estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Results Compared to those with good to excellent hearing, adults with moderate to severe hearing impairments and deaf adults had 11% and 21% higher risk of death from any cause over the follow-up period, respectively. Household composition and marital status, as indicators of household social support systems, associated independently with the risk of mortality but did not substantively change the association between hearing impairment and mortality. Discussion Hearing impairment represents an important contributor to the length of life for adults age 40 and older, independent of other important and established determinants of mortality.
Deep Brain Stimulation

Ever since its introduction more than 20 years ago, deep brain stimulation has revolutionized the treatment of Parkinson's disease. It has a similar effect to levodopa in controlling the cardinal features of the disease – bradykinesia, tremor, and rigidity – but is an adjunct to levodopa therapy, helping to restore its effectiveness in those with complications (motor fluctuations or dyskinesias) of long-term medical therapy. It is also very effective in treating tremor and dystonia, and there are indications that it may be effective for the treatment of epilepsy, depression, and other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
CHAPTER 14 – Nonparametric Methods

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses rank-based nonparametric methods for one, two, and more than two independent samples, paired samples, randomized block designs, and correlation. Nonparametric methods provide alternative statistical methodology when assumptions necessary for the use of linear model-based methods fail as well as provide procedures for making inferences when the scale of measurement is ordinal or nominal. The chapter describes the use of a randomization test to assign a p value. This technique is applied to calculate p values for the standard nonparametric test statistics. Data from a randomized block design may be analyzed by a nonparametric rank-based method known as the “Friedman test.” A randomization test allows calculating a p value for the null hypothesis so that the distributions are the same, with special sensitivity to the possibility that they differ with respect to their medians.. The bootstrap is a powerful tool that allows some creativity in the estimation. Although the original intent of the bootstrap was to develop conﬁdence intervals, it can also be used to calculate p values.
Two-dimensional Angle-resolved Low-coherence Interferometry with Spatial Scanning

We present the integration of spatial scanning into a two-dimensional angle-resolved low-coherence interferometry system. We demonstrate collection of two-dimensional angular scattering over a three-dimensional spatial volume for a variety of samples.
Activation of EPHA2-ROBO1 Heterodimer by SLIT2 Attenuates Non-canonical Signaling and Proliferation in Squamous Cell Carcinomas

The tyrosine kinase receptor ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) is overexpressed in lung (LSCC) and head and neck (HNSCC) squamous cell carcinomas. Although EPHA2 can inhibit tumorigenesis in a ligand-dependent fashion via phosphorylation of Y588 and Y772, it can promote tumorigenesis in a ligand-independent manner via phosphorylation of S897. Here, we show that EPHA2 and Roundabout Guidance Receptor 1 (ROBO1) interact to form a functional heterodimer. Furthermore, we show that the ROBO1 ligand Slit Guidance Ligand 2 (SLIT2) and ensartinib, an inhibitor of EPHA2, can attenuate growth of HNSCC cells and act synergistically in LSCC cells. Our results suggest that patients with LSCC and HNSCC may be stratified and treated based on their EPHA2 and ROBO1 expression patterns. Although ~73% of patients with LSCC could benefit from SLIT2+ensartinib treatment, ~41% of patients with HNSCC could be treated with either SLIT2 or ensartinib. Thus, EPHA2 and ROBO1 represent potential LSCC and HNSCC theranostics.
Is all conflict the same? The role of perceived intensity in understanding its effects

While interpersonal conflict at work continues to draw attention, researchers have rarely considered the role that conflict intensity plays in amplifying individuals' affective reactions to it. Hence, this study examines conflict intensity as a moderator of the relationship between interpersonal conflict and perceived stress, physical symptoms, and job satisfaction, through negative affect. A total of 306 employees from various industries participated in this cross-sectional study. Supporting and expanding an emotion-centered model of conflict, results indicated that the indirect effects of conflict on the study's outcomes were higher when participants perceived the conflict to be of medium and high-level intensity.
Case 27: A Single Abdominal Knife Wound. Easy Case?

You are working in a small mission hospital for doctors without borders. The hospital is in a tribal conflict zone in Lesotho, a landlocked country in Southern Africa. A 16-year-old male (55 kg and 5′7″ tall) is admitted to the emergency room (ER) with a single stab wound just below his umbilicus. There are no other injuries as per the emergency physician, whose English is rudimentary. You, as the anesthesiologist on call, are asked to come to the ER. The patient is conscious and oriented for time and place, and vital signs are stable. He complains of pain which is relieved when lying completely still on his back. Through an interpreter, the patient states he has not eaten anything for 6 hours. Blood is taken for HCT, chemical analysis, and crossmatch for blood. His past history is noncontributory. The surgeon wants to do an emergency laparotomy and the patient is taken to the operating room (OR) at 9 p.m. In the OR, you examine the patient and confirm the one stab wound. He has no other injuries as far as you can see. A 16-gauge IV in his left hand is working well. Examination of the anterior part of his chest and abdomen reveal nothing abnormal. His electrolytes, creatinine, and blood glucose are all within normal limits. His HCT is 36%. As is standard procedure, you give one gram of Keflex slowly (over 2–3 min) IV. A prior test dose of Keflex was deemed negative as there was no change in hemodynamic parameters. You note stable vital signs and start to preoxygenate the patient.
Tactical Risk Communication: Observations from Teaching and Learning about Crisis Communication during COVID-19

In a Spring 2020 Technical and Professional Communication (TPC) course on risk communication, we watched the COVID-19 pandemic unfold and discussed how technical communicators can foreground vulner...
Adaptation and the Modular Design of Organisms

In this paper the implications of the theory of evolutionary computation for evolutionary biology are explored. It is claimed that the concept of “representations” is particularly useful to understand the evolution of complex adaptation and the origin of the modular design of higher organisms. Modularity improves the adaptability of complex adaptive systems, but arises most likely as a side effect of adaptive evolution rather than being an adaptation itself.
Analysis of time-resolved penetration of long rods into glass targets

The penetration response of tungsten-alloy long-rod penetrators into soda-lime glass targets was reported at the last Cocoa Beach meeting [1]. Numerical simulations using a Drucker-Prager constitutive model were compared to experimental data at two impact velocities: 1.25 km/s and 1.70 km/s. Preliminary values for the slope and cap of the Drucker-Prager model were selected. In the current study, a modified Drucker-Prager model is examined. Results of numerical parametric studies are compared to the experimental data to determine optimal values for the constitutive parameters. At the end, it is concluded that numerical issues may be obfuscating the mechanics.
Asymptotic properties and covariance expressions of kth-order sample moments and cumulants

Consistency and asymptotic normality of kth-order sample moments and cumulants of stationary processes is established. Further, asymptotic covariance expressions along with their computable forms are derived and special cases for k=2, 3 and 4 are explicitly discussed. This analysis generalizes the results of Bartlett and provides tools for performance evaluation and comparison of algorithms based on sample moments and cumulants. Simulations verify the given covariance expressions. >
Exploring the antiviral activity of juglone by computational method

Nature has been the best source of medicines for a long time. Many plant extracts have been used as drugs. Juglone occurs in all parts of the Juglandaceae family and is found extensively in the black walnut plants. It possesses antifungal, antimalarial, antibacterial and antiviral properties besides exhibiting cytotoxic effects. Juglone has gained interest by the researchers for its anticancer properties. This article elucidates the antiviral activity of the Juglone by the computational method.
Psychosocial Factors Predicting First-Year College Student Success

This study made use of a model of college success that involves students achieving academic goals and life satisfaction. Hierarchical regressions examined the role of six psychosocial factors for college success among 579 first-year college students. Academic self-efficacy and organization and attention to study were predictive of first semester grade point average (GPA) when controlling relevant demographic factors. Academic self-efficacy was even predictive of end-of-year GPA when controlling previous, first-semester GPA. Mediation analyses revealed that first-semester GPA was an important mediator between these two psychosocial variables and end-of-year GPA. Additional psychosocial variables were predictive of college students' life satisfaction: stress and time management, involvement with college activity, and emotional satisfaction with academics. We explore how formulating interventions on the basis of psychosocial factors offers an avenue for students to address specific attitudes, emotions, and behaviors that relate to college success.
Micromachining of ultrananocrystalline diamond

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) with grain sizes in the range of 2 - 5 nm is produced using a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition process with argon-rich C60 or CH4 plasmas. This material has excellent mechanical properties: high hardness and Young modulus, and an extremely low friction coefficient (approximately 0.01). It is resistant to chemical attack, and is potentially biocompatible. These properties make UNCD a very good candidate for a diamond-based microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. We report on the micromachinability of this material by selective seeding, selective growth and reactive ion etching, in conjunction with SiO2 sacrificial layers for fabricating 3-D structures with freestanding or movable parts. These micromachining techniques are used to develop a totally UNCD-made turbine as a demonstration for UNCD-based MEMS.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A comparison of response of serum growth hormone to glucagon and vasopressin

Abstract The response of serum growth hormone (GH) to aqueous vasopressin is not as reliable as the response to glucagon and vasopressin did not elicit a response in any patient failing to respond to glucagon. Estrogen did not improve the response to either agent and blunted the response to glucagon in some subjects.
Association of Activated Cytolytic Lung Lymphocytes with Response to Prednisone Therapy in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Previous studies have suggested that immunologic mechanisms may contribute to pathogeneic reactions in certain interstitial lung diseases. Cytolytic lymphocytes are major effector cells of the immune response that have not been extensively studied in these disorders. To investigate the role of activated cytolytic lymphocytes in IPF, we studied B-cell and monocyte/macrophage-depleted lymphocyte preparations isolated from BAL fluid and peripheral blood of patients with this disease (n = 10) and used a lectin-dependent cytotoxicity assay to detect activated cytolytic lymphocytes. In longitudinal studies, those patients who had cytolytic activity of BAL fluid lymphocytes (range, 8 to 35 percent, n = 4) showed significant improvement in pulmonary function (mean increase in diffusing capacity, 30 ± 2 percent) in association with decreased BAL fluid cytolytic lymphocyte activity after prednisone treatment. In contrast, patients who initially lacked cytolytic activity in BAL fluid (n = 6) did not improve with prednisone. Activated cytolytic lymphocytes were not observed in the BAL fluid of healthy subjects. These investigations suggest a causal relationship between activated cytolytic lymphocytes in the lung and disease activity in IPF and that assays of activated cytolytic lymphocytes are helpful in identifying patients who will improve with immunosuppressive therapy.
ACP Journal Club. Review: Adding an ACE inhibitor or ARB to CCB therapy reduces CCB-associated edema in patients with hypertension.

Source Citation Makani H, Bangalore S, Romero J, Wever-Pinzon O, Messerli FH. Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on calcium channel blocker-associated peripheral edema. Am J Med. 2011;124:...
GERM CELL TUMOR ASSOCIATED PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMORS

Purpose: This retrospective review was done to assess the prognosis and response in patients presenting with primitive neuroectodermal tumor admixed with germ cell tumor.Materials and Methods: Of the 40 patients treated at our institution from 1984 to 1999, 15 had initial stage I and 25 had initial metastatic disease. Median followup after the diagnosis was 25 months (range 4 to 142).Results: Of the 40 patients 15 presented with clinical stage I disease, including 9 treated with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and 6 who elected surveillance. Seven of the 9 patients had normal lymph nodes and all continuously had no evidence of disease. Two of the 9 patients had lymph nodes involved with teratoma with or without primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Retroperitoneal relapse in 5 of the 6 patients on surveillance was treated with cisplatin based chemotherapy followed by post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Residual primitive neuroectodermal tumor was noted in 4 of the 5 patients and only...
CHARACTERIZATION OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY TO CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS IN HUMAN BREAST MILK (HBM), SERUM (S) AND CERVICAL SECRETIONS (CS) AND ITS ROLE IN DISEASE OF MOTHERS AND INFANTS

There is limited information on the protective role of antibody to C. trachomatis infection in human breast milk and other body fluids and secretions. A total of 46 patients was analyzed for the presence and characteristics of C. trachomatis antibody in HBM, S and CS. Antibody to C. trachomatis was detected by a direct ELISA method using partially purified elementary bodies of strain LGV-2 as antigen. Antibody specificity was confirmed using the appropriate absorption and blocking controls. Evidence of infection was indicated by a positive culture or presence of specific antigen. In an unprecedented finding, chlamydial antibody, primarily secretory IgA (SIgA), was detected in HBM in 7 of 33 normal women. SIgA was detected with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 28.8. The other antibody isotypes were the following: IgG 4.79, IgM 2.4, and IgA 9.7. Serum IgG GMT in patients with recent infection were 128.8±1.8 in comparison to those with no recent infection at 6.3±8.9. Serum IgM was present, GMT 6.8±3.7, in patients with infection in contrast to those with no infection. In CS of patients with recent infection, IgG (7.9±5.4) and SIgA (15.9± 1.8) were present, and surprisingly in patients having no evidence of recent infection there was a persistence of SIgA at a titer of 8.6±3.7, suggesting repeated past exposure to C. trachomatis or the presence of antigen below the threshold of assay sensitivity.
Reduction in tensile strength of cartilage precedes surface damage under repeated compressive loading in vitro

An experimental protocol for the fatiguing and tensile testing of articular cartilage has been established. Samples were taken from the interpatellar groove of bovine femurs collected post-slaughter, split into two test groups and subjected to a cyclically varying compressive load of approximately 65 N for 64,800 cycles or 97,200 cycles. The cartilage was then removed from the underlying bone and two specimens, one from the indented region and one from an unindented region - the control, were taken from it and prepared for subsequent tensile testing using notched specimens. From data collected during tensile testing, a value of maximum tensile stress was calculated for each sample. The underlying bone was examined for evidence of microdamage using the basic fuchsin method. A decrease in values of maximum tensile stress (p < 0.05) for the indented sample of each paired group of samples loaded for 97,200 cycles was found. In contrast, those fatigued for only 64,800 cycles showed no such difference. Examination of the underlying bone of these specimens revealed no evidence of trabecular failure and crack formation beneath both the indented and control regions. It is postulated that the fatiguing process used in this experiment induces trauma in the cartilage causing a weakening of the interfibril connections which link collagen fibrils in the matrix, leading to a reduction in tensile strength. This weakening occurs, however, without the appearance of fibrillation on the cartilage surface or any evidence of failure in the bony structure which supports it.
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D activity is elevated in v-Fps-transformed cells.

Abstract Activating the protein-tyrosine kinase of v-Fps results in a rapid increase in diglyceride (DG) in rat fibroblasts. The v-Fps-induced increases in DG were detected only when phospholipids were prelabeled with [3H]-myristate, which is incorporated primarily into phosphatidylcholine (PC). Inhibition of phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphatase (PAP), which converts PA to DG, blocked v-Fps-induced DG production. PA is a primary metabolite of type D phospholipases (PLD). Consistent with these observations, PLD activity was activated in response to the kinase activity of v-Fps. The increased PLD activity was detected only when the cells were prelabeled with the PC-specific [3H]-myristate. These data support the hypothesis that v-fps-induced DG is derived from PC via the PLD/PAP pathway.
The absence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with retinitis pigmentosa: implications for pathophysiology and possible treatment

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness but it is not known why retinopathy should be so early and so severe a complication of diabetes. The sensory loss caused by minute retinal lesions is part of the problem, but the diabetic changes in the brain are different and less serious than in the retina, often described as an outpost of the brain. This has led to the concept of a local factor being responsible for the microvasculopathy of DR. There are physiological factors unique to the retina, and it is suggested below how these, by causing hypoxia very early in diabetes, could activate cytokines that produce the microvascular changes. If retinal hypoxia is an important causal factor in the production of DR, prevention of hypoxia should ameliorate DR. This hypothesis predicts that retinitis pigmentosa (RP) should prevent DR. Both old and new work is described, which indicates that this is in fact the case, thus pointing to new, simple, and effective ways of delaying the progress of diabetic retinopathy. Direct comparison of retinal and brain capillaries taken from diabetics show very considerable differences1 (Table 1), which indicate a “local factor” in the development of DR. It has been suggested2 that the local factor is related to what is unique to the retina, the photoreceptors. The 120 million rods have the highest metabolic rate of any cell in the body. In darkness, the outer limb membrane “leaks”, causing an inward “dark current”. This current is reduced by light, and at normal photopic levels is shut off completely. In full dark adaptation sodium ions and water enter the outer limb at a maximal rate, and are pumped out in the inner limb.3 The entire cytosol volume is pumped in about 15 seconds.4 This process requires a …
The Effect of Ascorbate on the Maintenance of 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) in Stored Red Cells

Summary. The addition of adenine and ascorbate to citrate-phosphate-dextrose solution has been shown to prolong the maintenance of 2,3-DPG levels of stored blood. The final concentrations of adenine and sodium ascorbate in the blood-preservative mixture were 0.5 and 5.05 mm, respectively. In most cases, red cells stored in this preservative maintained levels of 2,3-DPG greater than 50% of fresh values for 28 days. Red-cell viability was not adversely affected by ascorbate. The mechanism by which ascorbate produced this effect is unknown.