cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kar9p Is a Novel Cortical Protein Required for Cytoplasmic Microtubule Orientation in Yeast

kar9 was originally identified as a bilateral karyogamy mutant, in which the two zygotic nuclei remained widely separated and the cytoplasmic microtubules were misoriented (Kurihara, L.J., C.T. Beh, M. Latterich, R. Schekman, and M.D. Rose. 1994. J. Cell Biol. 126:911–923.). We now report a general defect in nuclear migration and microtubule orientation in kar9 mutants. KAR9 encodes a novel 74-kD protein that is not essential for life. The kar9 mitotic defect was similar to mutations in dhc1 / dyn1 (dynein heavy chain gene), jnm1 , and act5. kar9Δ dhc1Δ , kar9Δ jnm1Δ , and kar9Δ act5Δ double mutants were synthetically lethal, suggesting that these genes function in partially redundant pathways to carry out nuclear migration. A functional GFP-Kar9p fusion protein localized to a single dot at the tip of the shmoo projection. In mitotic cells, GFP-Kar9p localized to a cortical dot with both mother–daughter asymmetry and cell cycle dependence. In small-budded cells through anaphase, GFP-Kar9p was found at the tip of the growing bud. In telophase and G1 unbudded cells, no localization was observed. By indirect immunofluorescence, cytoplasmic microtubules intersected the GFP-Kar9p dot. Nocodazole experiments demonstrated that Kar9p's cortical localization was microtubule independent. We propose that Kar9p is a component of a cortical adaptor complex that orients cytoplasmic microtubules.
Functional reconfiguration of midbrain neurons by ovarian steroids in behaving hamsters.

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of the midbrain, especially the tectum, in the sensorimotor control of the sexually-receptive posture, lordosis, in female golden hamsters. In the present study, midbrain single unit activity was recorded during hormonal induction of lordosis, to identify neuronal activity mediating the sensorimotor control of the response and to observe functional changes in these neurons associated with the hormones' behavioral effect. Progesterone administration to estrogen-primed hamsters initiated pronounced changes in neuronal activity levels, somatosensory responsiveness and movement-related firing. These changes began in some neurons within 10 min of subcutaneous hormone injection and affected progressively more neurons until lordosis was elicitable 2–4 hr later. The pattern of these changes, including increased neuronal responsiveness to lumbosacral stimuli, appearance of lordosis-related firing (especially in the tectum) and reduced incidence of firing associated with lordosis-incompatible behaviors, constituted a transformation, or reconfiguration of midbrain sensorimotor function. It is proposed that this reconfiguration enables the elicitation and maintenance of lordosis by lumbosacral stimuli. Neural effects of comparable magnitude didn't result from control progesterone injections which failed to induce lordosis.
Removal of furanocoumarins in grapefruit juice by edible fungi.

Furanocoumarins (FCs) in the human diet irreversibly inhibit human cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) and are responsible for the “grapefruit/drug” interaction phenomenon. Previously, we reported that FCs in grapefruit juice (GFJ) bind to autoclaved Aspergillus niger, and this binding reduced the GFJ inhibition of CYP 3A4. However, A. niger is not an edible fungus, and thus, potentially similar binding by edible fungi was also characterized. In this study, autoclaved Morchella esculenta, an edible ascomycete, removed much of the FC content in GFJ, resulting in decreased inhibition of CYP 3A4 activity by the GFJ. Three other edible fungi, Monascus purpureus, Pleurotus sapidus, and Agaricus bisporus, were evaluated for their binding with two of the major FCs in GFJ, 6′,7′-dihydroxybergamottin (DHB) and bergamottin (BM). These autoclaved edible fungi removed these FCs from GFJ, similar to M. esculenta, indicating that binding is a general, passive interaction between FCs and fungal hyphae. The removal of FCs was ...
Towards a canon of early modern English old age

Lynn Botelho and Susannah R. Ottaway (eds), The History of Old Age in England, 1600–1800, part two, vols 5–8 (2009), 1584 pages (Pickering & Chatto, London, £350.00/$625.00). It is not often that e...
Optimal filter approach for the detection of vessel bifurcations in color fundus images

Bifurcations of retinal vessels in fundus images are important structures clinically and their detection is also an important component in image processing algorithms such as registration, segmentation and change detection. In this paper, we develop a method for direct bifurcation detection based on the optimal filter framework. This approach first generates a set of filters to represent all cases of bifurcations, and then uses them to generate a feature space for a classifier to distinguish bifurcations and non-bifurcations. This approach is different from previous methods as it uses a minimal number of assumptions, essentially only requiring training images and expert annotations of bifurcations. The method is trained on 60 fundus images and tested on 20 fundus images, resulting in an AUC of 0.883, which compares well to a human expert.
Integrability and attractors

Abstract We discuss global and local integrability and also attractors from a physicist's standpoint. A local Lie method is used to form an analytic and geometric picture of integrability via conservation laws. The starting point is Lie's proof that two-dimensional flows, even dissipative ones, have a conservation law and so are integrable. Through conservation laws, integrable higher-dimensional flows reduce to the two-dimensional case. We consider a class of models defined by the Euler-Lagrange equations for a set of nonintegrable velocities (nonholonomic coordinates). The destruction of the global conservation laws of this conservative system by the inclusion of linear damping and constant external driving leads to self-confinement and attractors in phase space. In particular, the Lorenz model belongs to this class and can be seen as a damped, driven symmetric top.
The formation of the σ(1760) in the reaction K−p → K−pπ0. A further study

The reaction chain K−p → σ(1760) → Λ(1520)π0, Λ(1520) → K−p has been studied to yeild a momentum dependent description of the formation of the σ(1760), taking into account non-resonant amplitudes. By the use of the helicity formalism these amplitudes have been assigned a spin parity of 32+ and are found to contribute approximately 4% to the Λ(1520) production cross section. In addition, the production of K*(890) and Δ(1236) in the K−pπ0 final state and their effect upon Λ(1520) production is discussed.
Electrochemical regeneration of clean and ordered Pd(100) surfaces by iodine adsorption-desorption: evidence from low-energy electron diffraction

In atomic-level investigations of electrocatalytic processes, the preparation and regeneration of clean and well ordered electrode surfaces under electrochemical conditions constitute major concerns [1,2]. Standard single-crystal orientation procedures performed outside an inert environment do not guarantee the existence of clean and ordered surfaces [1,3]; even for well defined surfaces prepared in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), interfacial disorder occurs at potentials where surface oxide layers are formed 141. Towards the solution of this problem, two general schemes have been adopted [l]. One employs high temperatures (thermal annealing), and the other applies electrode potentials (electrochemical annealing). Thermal annealing has been done in UHV (following which surface analysis is performed to ascertain the interfacial structure and composition) [1,51 and at ambient-pressure conditions (provided precautions are taken to prevent surface contamination from atmospheric impurities) [6-91. Electrochemical annealing is based on the likelihood that, at an appropriate potential, disordered interfacial atoms can either be activated to diffuse to ordered sites or be dissolved to expose ordered layers. Electrochemical annealing may be electrolyte unassisted (such as the ordering of Au(ll1) electrodes by sequential voltammetric scans between the oxygen and hydrogen evolution regions [lo]) or electrolyte assisted (such as the etching of
A chronosequence of aquatic macrophyte communities in dune ponds

Differences in macrophyte community composition in a chronosequence of spatially separated dune ponds near the south shore of Lake Michigan were examined and related to environmental variables. Five ponds from each of five pond rows were sampled. In each pond, the cover of each plant species and water and sediment depth were sampled using a stratified random design. Radiocarbon dates were obtained from selected ponds. Ordination of the vegetation data by detrended correspondence analysis revealed similarities in the plant communities of ponds in the same row and community differences between ponds in different rows. Younger ponds (<300 years) were dominated by Chara spp. and Najas flexilis, middle-age ponds (2100 years) by Myriophyllum spp. and Nymphaea tuberosa, and older ponds (3000 years) by Typha angustifolia. Distribution of macrophyte communities was most closely correlated with water depth, which generally decreased with increasing age of the pond row. Some sediment chemistry differences were found between pond rows, but there were no significant differences in water chemistry. Although a linear succession pattern is suggested, we think that anthropogenic disturbance played a major role in determining the vegetation differences observed. Thus, a chronosequence of spatially separated ponds can provide valuable information on hydrarch succession, but it may be misleading and actually represent succession affected by disturbance history.
Parent Attitudes About Adolescent School-Located Vaccination and Billing

Abstract Purpose School-located vaccination programs may need to bill health insurance to be sustainable. This mixed methods study assessed parent attitudes about school-located vaccination and billing. Methods Seven public schools in Denver, Colorado, participated in a school-located adolescent vaccination program that billed students' insurance. From April through June 2010, a survey was administered to parents of 1,000 randomly selected sixth to eighth grade students in these schools. In March and April 2011, focus groups were conducted with a sample of parents of adolescents attending these schools to further explore and help explain patterns emergent in the survey data. Results Survey response rate was 66%. Among survey respondents, 56% strongly supported and 29% somewhat supported school-located vaccination. Forty-two percent reported concern about receiving a bill if their child participated in a school-located vaccination program that billed insurance, and 23% did not want to provide insurance information to the school. Four focus groups were conducted with English-speaking (n = 17) and Spanish-speaking (n = 14) parents. Focus group participants indicated strong support for school-located vaccination, emphasizing the convenience of the program for both parents and adolescents. These parents also appreciated the affordability of the program and reported feeling comfortable with in-school vaccination delivery. Very few participants indicated concerns about providing health insurance information to the school, but some expressed concern about potential record scatter. Conclusions Although some parents expressed concerns about billing health insurance for school-located vaccination, most parents indicated strong support for school-located vaccination.
Constraining the Timing of Metamorphism: U‐Pb and Sm‐Nd Ages from a Transect across the Northern Torngat Orogen, Labrador, Canada

Abstract The Paleoproterozoic Torngat Orogen of northern Labrador, a segment of the Trans‐Hudson Orogen, records the consequences of the convergence and collision of the Rae and Nain cratons and the intervening Burwell Domain. To better characterize the ages of the main lithologies and the timing of metamorphism, multiple samples were collected at sites along a transect across northern Torngat Orogen and analyzed for U‐Pb and Sm‐Nd. The results support previous models in which the Burwell Domain is an eastern extension of the Nain Province proper and experienced protracted exhumation between 1877 and 1800 Ma above an east‐dipping Abloviak Shear Zone. The steep Kormaktorvik Shear Zone to the east, which separates the Nain Province proper and the Burwell Domain, facilitated late, rapid exhumation of the Nain Province. Ages from multiple samples, phases, and localities indicate that metamorphism traversed similar PT paths diachronously from west to east and at different rates. The data also demonstrate that ...
Pressure drop and heat transfer in turbulent duct flow. A two-parameter variational method

A two-parameter variational method is introduced to calculate pressure drop and heat transfer for turbulent flow in ducts. The variational method leads to a Galerkin-type solution for the momentum and energy equations. The method uses the Prandtl mixing length theory to describe turbulent shear stress. The Van Driest model is compared with experimental data and incorporated in the numerical calculations. The computed velocity profiles, pressure drop, and heat transfer coefficient are compared with the experimental data of various investigators for fully developed turbulent flow in parallel plate ducts and pipes. This analysis leads to development of Green's function useful for solving a variety of conjugate heat transfer problems.
Adrenal Tyrosine Hydroxylase: Compensatory Increase in Activity after Chemical Sympathectomy

Destruction of peripheral sympathetic nerve endings with 6-hydroxydopamine causes a disappearance of cardiac tyrosine hydroxylase, accompanied by a twofold increase in adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase and a small increase in phenyl-ethanolanine-N-methyl transferase. No change in adrenal catecholamine content occurs under these conditions.
Plasmon Sidebands in Alkali Metals

Recent experiments suggest the presence of plasmon sidebands in interband absorption spectra of the simple metals. A previous calculation of the sideband intensity considered plasmon emission in the final state, including interference corrections (charge cancellation of electron and hole). These reduce the plasmon intensity about 60%. Here previous work is extended in several directions: (1) allowance is made for plasmon effects in the initial state; (2) recoil and dispersion effects are included; and (3) the dependence of sideband intensity on initial electron momentum is explicitly considered. In this improved model charge cancellation reduces the sideband intensity by more than an order of magnitude. This reduction was first noticed by Brouers for the analogous case of soft-x-ray emission in simple metals. Plasmonemission structure is almost two orders of magnitude weaker than interband absorption for Na, K, Rb, and Cs in the model considered here. These results are inconsistent with recent interpretations of pronounced satellite structure in the optical data of simple metals.
The Free Form of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Increases in Circulation during Normal Human Pregnancy

The main circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP) in human, IGFBP-3, markedly decreases during pregnancy, as determined by Western ligand blotting, and its decrease is due to an endogenous pregnancy-related serum IGFBP-3 proteolytic activity. Proteolysis of IGFBP-3 may result in the free form of IGF-I (fIGF-I) being liberated from or weakly bound to IGFBP-3 fragments. The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of fIGF-I and the mechanism of fIGF-I regulation during normal human pregnancy. We studied 19 normal pregnant women at 6-8 weeks gestation, 24 normal pregnant women at 28-30 weeks gestation, and 25 nonpregnant women. We measured plasma fIGF-I using a recently established immunoradiometric assay. We also measured plasma total IGF-I (free plus complexed forms of IGF-I) using immunoradiometric assay, and IGFBP-3 proteolytic activity using a IGFBP-3 protease assay. fIGF-I levels at 6-8 weeks gestation (4.11 +/- 0.23 ng/mL) and at 28-30 weeks gestation (3.67...
Complexes of dibenzylsulfoxide with lanthanide nitrate

A new series of dibenzylsulfoxide (DBSO) compounds of empirical formula [Ln(DBSO)x(NO3)3] are reported, where x = 3 for Ln = Pr; x = 2.5 for Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Er and La; and x=2 for Ln = Dy. The compounds were synthesized from a non-aqueous solvent and isolated as dibenzylsulfoxide salts. Infrared spectral data established coordination by the anion groups and also that coordination of DBSO is through the oxygen. Additional information based on the nature of bonding and geometrical structure was obtained from the electronic absorption spectra, X-ray diffraction analysis, molecular conductivities and molecular weight measurements (as well as magnetic susceptibility measurements). All these physical measurements indicate octahedral coordination. The 20% decrease in the metal ion radius across the lanthanide series and the competition between DBSO and nitrate groups for the coordination site affect the number of DBSO molecules bonded to a tripositive lanthanide ion.
BEAGLE PUP GERMINAL MATRIX MATURATION STUDIES

Intraventricular hemorrhage, or hemorrhage into the germinal matrix tissues of the developing brain, remains a common problem of preterm infants. The "risk period" for this insult is the first 3-4 postnatal days. We hypothesized that this risk period for hemorrhage is related to rapid perinatal maturation of the germinal matrix vasculature and employed the newborn beagle pup model for the study of this maturation. Newborn beagle pups (n = 30) were anesthetized and systemically perfused with buffered formalin; the brains were removed and prepared for immunohistochemical study. Sections stained with Bandeiraea lectin demonstrated that there was no difference in germinal matrix vessel density between postnatal days 1 and 4. Germinal matrix sections were also stained for antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen IV, collagen V, desmin, factor VIII-related antigen, fibronectin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, laminin, transferrin, and vimentin. Vasculature staining by alpha-smooth muscle actin was not noted until postnatal day 10, and differential staining was detected for antibodies to laminin and collagen V. Quantification of staining intensity by confocal microscopy demonstrated a significant increase in both extracellular matrix components at postnatal day 4 compared with day 1 (p less than 0.05 for both). These basement membrane proteins may add sufficient structural integrity to germinal matrix vessels to prevent capillary rupture and thus intraventricular hemorrhage.
Mass and momentum transfer in polymers. I. Effects of equilibrium vapor sorption on tensile creep of an amorphous polymer

Diffusion and tensile creep measurements were made for systems of poly(-n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) and sorbed ethanol, MEK, or benzene at 23°C. Rates of penetration of an inert spherical indenter into PBMA also were investigated and compared with the tensile creep behavior of the polymer. Creep measurements for various volume fractions of penetrant sorbed at equilibrium revealed that master curves, resulting from a time-concentration superposition procedure, could be constructed for each penetrant. At long times, these master curves, particularly that for ethanol, show deviations from the corresponding time-temperature superposition master curve. These deviations are interpreted in terms of probable long-range entanglement coupling governed in part by the partially specific nature of polymer-penetrant interactions. Parameters calculated by a free-volume theory, describing both diffusion and tensile-creep data, indicate that MEK is a more efficient plasticizing agent than the other penetrants and requires less local free volume for diffusion. Analysis in terms of the free volume concept was not attempted for the case of ethanol, where specific polymer-penetrant interactions are more important.
Effects of the memory enhancer linopirdine (Dup 996) on cerebral glucose metabolism in naive and hypoxia-exposed rats.

Abstract Linopirdine [DuP 996; 3,3-bis(4-pyrindinylmethyl)-1-phenylindolin-2-one] represents a novel class of compounds which enhance depolarization-activated (but not basal) release of acetylcholine, dopamine and serotonin in brain slices and improve learning and memory in rodents. The effects of linopirdine on local cerebral glucose metabolism were studied by the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxy- d -[1-14C]glucose method. Linopirdine administration in naive rats (0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) did not significantly alter cerebral glucose metabolism in any of the regions analyzed. Since linopirdine protects against hypoxia-induced passive avoidance deficits in rats, we also examined the effects of linopirdine on cerebral metabolism after the rats were exposed to 30 min of hypoxia. Glucose metabolism was not significantly altered after hypoxic exposure, except for a small increase in some brain regions. Linopirdine administered after hypoxia decreased glucose metabolism in the hippocampus, limbic cortex, ventral hippocampal commissure, medial septum, striatum, subthalamic nucleus, zona incerta, lateral habenula, cerebral cortex, cerebellar vermis and a few thalamic nuclei. Statistically significant effects of linopirdine on glucose metabolism were observed in 22 of 56 brain regions sampled. In hypoxia-exposed rats, linopirdine altered glucose metabolism in brain regions that are implicated in learning and memory and are affected in Alzheimer's disease. Several of the affected regions are associated with the cholinergic system and may play a role in the cognitive enhancing properties of linopirdine.
Tweeque: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Social Networks for Location Mining Using Graph Partitioning

Because of privacy and security reasons, most of the people on social networking sites like Twitter are unwilling to specify their locations in the profiles. In this paper, we present a completely novel approach, Tweeque which is a spatio-temporal mining algorithm that predicts the current location of the user purely on the basis of his social network. The algorithm goes beyond the previous approaches by linking geospatial proximity to friendship and understanding the social phenomenon of migration. The algorithm then performs graph partitioning for identifying social groups allowing us to implicitly consider time as a factor for prediction of user's most current city location. We perform extensive experiments to show the validity of our system in terms of both accuracy and running time.
Falls in the elderly: reliability of a classification system

To determine risk factors for falls, previous studies have classified falls according to the contribution of factors both intrinsic and extrinsic to the host. Due partly to the lack of operational definitions and the absence of information on reliability, no consensus on classification has been reached. Consequently, in a 3-year prospective study of falls occurring in a probability sample of community-dwelling elderly (n = 1,358), a fall classification system was developed and tested for interrater reliability. The 366 falls in the first year of the study were independently classified by two reviewers on the basis of a narrative description and structured interview. The falls in the four major categories of the classification system included: falls related to extrinsic factors (55%), falls related to intrinsic factors (39%), falls from a non-bipedal stance (8%) and unclassified falls (7%). The interrater reliability for the four major categories was 89.9% with a kappa of 0.828. The system provides operational definitions for types of falls and a reliable and flexible method for classifying falls in the elderly.
The relationship between hand preference consistency, health, and accidents in a sample of adults over the age of 65 years

As a result of the Coren and Halpern (1991) hypothesis that left hand preference may be associated with decreased survival fitness, there has been interest in exploring the relationship between hand preference and indices of health status. In a series of studies of university-aged adults, Hicks and his colleagues found a higher prevalence of accidental injuries, falls, and sleep problems among individuals with mixed, rather than left, hand preference. They argued that hand preference consistency, not side, may be a marker for possible reduction in health and well-being. We looked at the relationship between hand preference consistency and the prevalence of sleep problems, accidental injuries, falls, injuries from falls, and the prevalence of autoimmune and other illnesses in a sample of 1277 adults between the ages of 65 and 100 years. Of those participants who reported a recent fall, mixed-handers were more likely to report a higher number of injuries from these falls when compared to the reports of cons...
Circulating levels of cytokines that modulate bone resorption: Effects of age and menopause in women

Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) are cytokines with potent bone-resorbing effects; some of these biologic effects are opposed by interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra). In vitro and animal model studies suggest that these cytokines are paracrine mediators of the increased bone resorption associated with estrogen deficiency, and increases in their production also could contribute to age-related bone loss. Therefore, we measured serum concentrations of these cytokines in 80 normal women who were 24-87 years old. IL-6 concentration correlated highly with age (p < 0.001) and increased three-fold during life. However, multiple-regression analysis showed no significant correlation between serum IL-6 levels and menopausal status, serum estradiol concentration, or markers for bone turnover (serum bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, or 24 h urinary free pyridinoline excretion). Serum IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, or IL-1ra level did not change with age and, by multiple-regression analysis, did not correlate with markers of bone turnover, except IL-1ra weakly with ICTP. We found no relationship between bone-resorbing cytokines and ovarian function. Although the large age-related increase in serum IL-6 concentration could contribute to age-related bone loss, the lack of correlation with markers for bone turnover argues against this. However, based on the strong evidence in experimental animals that these cytokines are involved in estrogen action on bone, further studies in humans are warranted.
Time resolution of a short-wavelength chloroplast fluorescence component at low temperature

Abstract Using a streak camera and interference filters we observe a 676-nm 9-ps chloroplast emission band. It is attributed to light harvesting chlorophyll proteins.
An Intervention Connecting Low-Acuity Emergency Department Patients With Primary Care: Effect on Future Primary Care Linkage

Study objective Our objective is to determine whether a point-of-care intervention that navigates willing, low-acuity patients from the emergency department (ED) to a Primary Care Clinic will increase future primary care follow-up. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental trial at an urban safety net hospital. Adults presenting to the ED for select low-acuity problems were eligible. Patients were excluded if arriving by emergency medical services, if febrile, or if the triage nurse believed they required ED care. We enrolled 965 patients. Navigators escorted a subset of willing participants to the Primary Care Clinic (in the same hospital complex), where they were assigned a personal physician, were given an overview of clinic services, and received same-day clinic care. The primary outcome was Primary Care Clinic follow-up within 1 year of the index ED visit among patients having no previous primary care provider. Results In the bivariate intention-to-treat analysis, 50.3% of intervention group patients versus 36.9% of control group patients with no previous primary care provider had at least 1 Primary Care Clinic follow-up visit in the year after the intervention. In the multivariable analysis, the absolute difference in having at least 1 Primary Care Clinic follow-up for the intervention group compared with the control group was 9.3% (95% confidence interval 2.2% to 16.3%). There was no significant difference in the number of future ED visits. Conclusion A point-of-care intervention offering low-acuity ED patients the opportunity to alternatively be treated at the hospital's Primary Care Clinic resulted in increased future primary care follow-up compared with standard ED referral practices.
Depression in the Elderly. I. Relationship between Depression, Psychologic Defense Mechanisms and Physical Illness*

Diagnosis of depression in the elderly is sometimes difficult owing to the presence of ego defensive mechanisms or somatic symptoms that can disguise the affect. Depression also may precede, or be associated with a variety of medical illnesses which are common among older persons. Specific ego defenses and representative medical illnesses are discussed. The concepts of a depressive equivalent and pseudodementia, which particularly act to disguise the depression, are reviewed in detail.
Performance study on media server scheduling in video-on-demand systems

Media server scheduling in video-on-demand systems includes video content allocation and request migration among servers. In this paper, we present a greedy algorithm to allocate video copies to media servers. It uses a graph model and minimizes the average shortest distance among media servers at each step. In order to study the request migration process, we introduce a state matrix representation that stores the service load information of each media server and plays an important role in the determination of migration paths. Based on this representation, we develop a state transition method to simulate the request migration process and calculate the performance metrics such as failure rates and service delay. The derived results match very well with numerical experiments. It is further demonstrated that the random early migration (REM) algorithm proposed in our previous work outperforms the normal migration scheme with lower failure rates and shorter service delay.
MISRECALL OF PRE-MANIPULATION OPINION: REPRESSION OR RECENCY EFFECT?

Summa~y.-The misrecall of pre-manipulation opinion is a phenomenon subject to either an explanation based on motivational defensive repression or one of non-motivational self-attribution. A before-after study of persuasive communication was conducted in which all participants completed measures of defensiveness, repression, and self-rating of independence. On the basis of an hypothesis of defensive repression it was predicted that opinion changers who mistakenly report their prior opinion as close to or identical with their final opinion would score significantly higher on measures of defensiveness and repression and would rate themselves as more independent than opinion changers who correctly recall their initial opinion. None of these predicted differences occurred. The results constitute an operational disconfirmation of the defensive repression hypothesis. However, a conceptual disconfitmation of the hypothesis may require a more precise formulation of the "self-esteem theory" set of ideas from which the present hypothesis of defensive repression was derived. It is suggested that the attempt to develop such a formulation and attempts to answer the general question of the importance of ego-defensiveness might appropriately be launched from the perspective of functional theories of attitudes and be!ief systems.
Diverticular disease of the appendix.

Diverticular disease of the appendix involves about 1 per cent of all appendices removed. Considering the large number, the subject appears to have been neglected in medical literature. Since the symptomatology is similar to that of appendicitis and diverticula are frequently very small, they could go unnoticed. A comparison of 30 cases of diverticular disease and 30 cases of acute appendicitis reveals a few fine differences. The patients with diverticular disease are at least a decade older, the duration of pain in these patients is longer, and the diverticula and appendix may or may not be inflamed.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Employee Training: A Literature Review.

This article reviews current literature related to cost-benefit analysis of employee training programs. After a conceptual stage is set and the meaning of terms is clarified, methodologies for measuring costs and benefits, and problems related to this process are discussed. Primary and secondary beneficiaries of training are identified. The need for distributional assignments of costs as a function of benefit is described. Following the identification of problems inherent in cost-benefit research, concluding comments focus on the need for practical applications of cost-benefit research.
Constrained classification for infrastructure threat assessment

Validated computer simulation is an important aspect of critical infrastructure vulnerability assessment. The high computational cost of such models limits the number of threat scenarios that may be directly evaluated, which leads to a need for statistical emulation to predict outcomes for additional scenarios. Our particular area of interest is statistical methods for emulating complex computer codes that predict if a particular tunnel/explosive configuration results in the breaching of an underground transportation tunnel. In this case, there is considerable a priori information as to the properties of this breach classification boundary. We propose a constrained classifier, in the form of a parametric support vector machine, that allows us to incorporate expert knowledge into the shape of the decision boundary. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique with both a simulation study and by applying the method to a tunnel breach data set. This analysis reveals that constrained classification can offer substantial benefits for small sample sizes. The technique may be used either to provide a final classification result in the face of extremely limited data or as an interim step to guide adaptive sampling.
Funding opportunities at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)

The mission of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering is to improve human health by leading the development and accelerating the application of biomedical technologies. The Institute is committed to integrating the physical and engineering sciences with the life sciences to advance basic research and medical care. The Institute plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an integrated program of research and research training that can be applied to a broad spectrum of biological processes, disorders and diseases across organ systems. The Institute coordinates with other agencies and NIH Institutes to support imaging and engineering research to facilitate the transfer of such technologies to medical applications. Discussion topics will focus on the challenges of promoting computational tools to the non-computational biomedical researcher, changing the culture of NIH peer review, and promoting model and data sharing practices.
A single VH gene segment encodes the immune response to phosphorylcholine: Somatic mutation is correlated with the class of the antibody

Abstract The immune response in BALB/c mice to phosphorylcholine is highly restricted in its heterogeneity. Of the 19 immunoglobulins binding phosphorylcholine for which complete V H -segment amino acid sequences have been determined, 10 employ a single sequence, denoted T15 after the prototype V H sequence of this group of antibodies. The remaining 9 of these V H segments are variants differing by 1 to 8 residues from the T15 sequence. Using a cloned V H cDNA probe complementary to the T15 sequence, we isolated from a mouse sperm genomic library clones corresponding to four V H gene segments that by DNA sequence analysis are >85% homologous to one another. These four V H gene segments have been denoted the T15 V H gene family. These V H gene segments are most, if not all, of the germline V H gene segments that could encode the V H sequences of antibodies that bind phosphorylcholine. One of these four genes contains the T15-V H -coding sequence. When the T15-family V H gene segments were compared with the complete V H protein sequences of 19 hybridoma and myeloma immunoglobulins that bind phosphorylcholine, several striking conclusions could be drawn. First, all of these V H regions must have arisen from the germline T15 V H gene segment. Thus virtually the entire immune response to phosphorylcholine is derived from a single V H -coding sequence. Nine of the 19 V H regions were variants differing from the T15-V H -coding sequence and, accordingly, must have arisen by a mechanism of somatic diversification. Second, the variants appear to be generated by a somatic mutation mechanism. They cannot be explained by recombination or gene conversion among members of the T15 gene family. Third, somatic mutation is correlated with the class of the antibody. All of the somatic variation is found in the V H regions derived from antibodies of the IgA and IgG classes. The IgM molecules express the germline T15 V H gene segment exclusively.
The extraction of mercury(II) iodide

Abstract The extraction of mercury(II) iodide into benzene at various acid and iodide concentrations was used as a means of determining the formation constants of the HgI3− and HgI4 = species. Radioactive tracer techniques were used to measure the extent of extraction at low mercury concentrations. With reasonable assumptions about activity coefficients the thermodynamic values of the constants for the formation of HgI3− and HgI4 = from HgI2 and I− were found to be 5·0 × 103 and 5·1 × 105, respectively.
The synthesis of pyrimido[4,5‐d] pyridazines

The synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazin-2-one-4-thione (II), pyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine-2,4-dithione (VI), 4-aminopyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazine-2-thione (III), 2-aminopyrimido[4,5-d]-pyridazin-4-one (X), 2-methylpyrimido[4,5-d]pyridazin-4-one (XII), and pyrimido[4,5-d]-pyridazin-4-one (XIII) are reported together with several new pyridazine intermediates.
Interaction of melittin with the (Na+ + K+)ATPase: evidence for a melittin-induced conformational change.

Abstract The (Na + + K + )ATPase is inhibited by the bee venom polypeptide, melittin. KCl and NaCl protect the enzyme from melittin inhibition. Analysis of the K + and Na + protection against melittin inhibition suggested a kinetic model which was consistent with slowly reversible melittin binding, and mutually exclusive binding of melittin with K + and Na + . Accordingly, in the absence of salt, the k I for melittin inhibition = 1.2 μ m , and the protection by KCl occurs with a k A,KCl = 0.6 m m . The protection by NaCl occurs with a k A,KCl = 15 m m . Melittin inhibition of enzyme activity is due to direct interactions with the (Na + + K + )ATPase, as demonstrated by photolabeling with [ 125 I]azidosalicylyl melittin, which labeled the α subunit, but not the β subunit of the (Na + + K + )ATPase. Melittin and KCl reduced the extent of labeling. In noncovalent binding studies using [ 125 I]azidosalicylyl melittin, the stoichiometry of binding was 1.6 melittin per (Na + + K + )ATPase. Ligand-induced conformational changes of FITC-labeled (Na + + K + )ATPase were examined in the presence and absence of melittin. K + alone or melittin alone caused a fluorescence intensity quenching consistent with formation of an E 2 form of the enzyme. The NaCl-induced (E 2 → E 1 ) fluorescence intensity changes were maximal when the enzyme was treated with K + . NaCl-induced fluorescence changes did not occur when the enzyme was treated with melittin in the absence of K + . However, when K + was present before the addition of melittin, NaCl-induced fluorescence intensity increases were observed, which were dependent upon the concentration of K + in the preincubation mixture. The results of the labeling and conformational studies support the kinetic model and suggest a mechanism for inhibition of ion pumps by (poly)peptides.
Redistricting and Incumbent Reelection Success in Five State Legislatures

Does redistricting affect the election success of incumbents? Does it affect the electoral fortunes of political parties? These questions are examined in five states that used different redistricting processes in 1991-1992 and in two states where the redistricting process changed from 1981-1982 to 1991-1992. In states where redistricting was highly partisan, parties controlling the process gained politically. In states where redistricting was bipartisan, that is, both parties were involved, neither party gained an advantage. Likewise, where redistricting was nonpartisan, that is, parties were excluded from the process, neither party gained an advantage and the outcome was least hospitable to incumbents.
Hypnobehavioral treatment of chronic nailbiting: A multiple baseline analysis

Abstract 3 highly hypnotizable Ss were administered a hypnobehavioral treatment package in an attempt to alleviate chronic nailbiting behavior. The combined hypnotic and behavioral procedures included standard induction and deepening techniques, motivation enhancement, time-projection, self-reinforcement, aversion-relief, coping self-instructions, and posthypnotic suggestion. A multiple baseline design across Ss was employed as a means of evaluating the treatment intervention. Results for all Ss indicated immediate and dramatic increase in fingernail lengths concomitant with the introduction of treatment. At 3-month follow-up, 1 S demonstrated a moderate reversal effect while the remaining 2 Ss continued to indicate substantial progress. These findings were discussed with regard to the efficacy of hypnobehavioral treatment strategies and utilization of single-case experimental designs in future hypnotherapy research.
RPA analysis of a two-orbital model for the BiS 2 -based superconductors

The random-phase approximation (RPA) is here applied to a two-orbital model for the ${\mathrm{BiS}}_{2}$-based superconductors that was recently proposed by Usui et al. [Phys. Rev. B 86, 220501(R) (2012)]. Varying the density of doped electrons per Bi site $n$ in the range $0.46\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}1.0$, the spin fluctuations promote competing ${A}_{1g}$ and ${B}_{2g}$ superconducting states with similar pairing strengths, in analogy with the ${A}_{1g}$-${B}_{1g}$ near degeneracy found also within RPA in models for pnictides. At these band fillings, two hole pockets centered at $(0,0)$ and $(\ensuremath{\pi},\ensuremath{\pi})$ display nearly parallel Fermi-surface segments close to wave vector $(\ensuremath{\pi}/2,\ensuremath{\pi}/2)$, whose distance increases with $n$. After introducing electronic interactions treated in the RPA, the interpocket nesting of these segments leads to pair scattering with a rather ``local'' character in $k$ space. The similarity between the ${A}_{1g}$ and ${B}_{2g}$ channels observed here should manifest in experiments on ${\mathrm{BiS}}_{2}$-based superconductors if the pairing is caused by spin fluctuations.
Current drive studies for the ARIES steady-state tokamak reactors

Abstract Steady-state plasma operating scenarios are designed for three versions of the ARIES reactor, using non-inductive current drive techniques that have an established database. R.f. waves, including fast and lower hybrid waves, are the reference drivers for the D–T burning ARIES-1 and ARIES-II/IV, while neutral beam injection is employed for ARIES-III which burns D–3He. Plasma equilibria with a high bootstrap-current component have been used, in order to minimize the recirculating power fraction and cost of electricity. To maintain plasma stability, the driven current profile has been aligned with that of equilibrium by proper choices of the plasma profiles and power launch parameters. Except for ARIES-III, the current-drive power requirements and the relevant technology developments are found to be quite reasonable. The wave-power spectrum and launch requirements are also considered achievable with a modest development effort. Issues such as an improved database for fast-wave current drive, lower-hybrid power coupling to the plasma edge, profile control in the plasma core, and access to the design point of operation remain to be addressed.
II—Ralph Wedgwood: Doxastic Correctness

If beliefs are subject to a basic norm of correctness—roughly, to the principle that a belief is correct only if the proposition believed is true—how can this norm guide believers in forming their beliefs? Answer: this norm guides believers indirectly: believers are directly guided by requirements of rationality—which are themselves explained by this norm of correctness. The fundamental connection between rationality and correctness is probabilistic . Incorrectness comes in degrees; for beliefs, these degrees of incorrectness are measured by quadratic scoring rules, such as the so-called Brier score. This account is defended against objections; and its implications for suspension of judgement are explored.
Minimize opioids by optimizing pain psychology

“More than ever, optimal pain treatment involves patient empowerment, and reducing the over-reliance on opioids for chronic pain depends on it.”
Evaluating the Precision of Clinical Assessments for Feeding Intolerance

Abstract Feeding intolerance is a common occurrence in preterm infants, yet there are no precise measures for clinically assessing this potentially serious manifestation. This article reports the results of a study designed to evaluate neonatal intensive care (NICU) nurses’ precision in abdominal and emesis assessments, considered the most objective, observable signs of feeding intolerance. Forty-six NICU nurses participated in the study by observing pictures of preterm infant abdomens and pictures of “staged” emesis. There was little agreement among the participants regarding the infant abdomen pictures or the amount of emesis observed in the pictures. There was no relationship between years of NICU experience nurses’ assessments. The ability of nurses to assess clinical signs of potentially serious complications in preterm infants is critically important. Standardized education and training as well as precise assessment tools are needed.
Constitutions, voting and democracy: A review

This review of William Riker's work suggests that his interest in rational choice theory was based on his desire to understand profound constitutional transformation in U.S. political history. Although he argued that “anything can happen in politics,” his use of the notion of heresthetic allowed him to focus on key contingent events. Indeed his later work added depth to his inductive generalizations on the nature of “federal bargains” and coalition formation. Recent work by Austen-Smith and Banks, Merrill and Grofman, and Lijphart is also discussed in the light of Riker's earlier ideas on voting and democracy.
Coastal Zone Color Scanner atmospheric correction algorithm: multiple scattering effects.

Errors due to multiple scattering which are expected to be encountered in application of the current Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) atmospheric correction algorithm are analyzed. The analysis is based on radiative transfer computations in model atmospheres, in which the aerosols and molecules are distributed vertically in an exponential manner, with most of the aerosol scattering located below the molecular scattering. A unique feature of the analysis is that it is carried out in scan coordinates rather than typical earth-sun coordinates, making it possible to determine the errors along typical CZCS scan lines. Information provided by the analysis makes it possible to judge the efficacy of the current algorithm with the current sensor and to estimate the impact of the algorithm-induced errors on a variety of applications.