cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Entomopathogenic nematode (Rhabdita: Steinernematidae) sex ratio relates to foraging strategy

We demonstrate a relationship between the foraging strategies of entomopathogenic nematodes and the pattern of emergence of male.and female infective juveniles from their host. We hypothesize that protandry as a mating strategy may be most adaptive in situations where cruising search is employed to find hosts. Alternatively, when attachment to a host is more passive, as in ambush foraging, a more constantly female-biased sex ratio should be maintained. Cruise-foraging infective juvenile Steinernema glaseri that develop into adult males emerge from host cadavers before those that develop into females and are immediately sensitive to volatile host cues. Females that emerge later are less attracted to host volatiles than are males during the first week of the infective stage. However, recently emerged females are strongly attracted to parasitized hosts. Infective juvenile Steinernema carpocapsae showed the opposite trend, with significantly more females emerging on the first day than the later harvest. In most protandrous mating systems, males take the risks of colonizing a new resource. The benefit derived by the early males is to have prolonged access to females inside the new host. Females penetrate into the safer parasitized hosts to find males. Their chances of prereproductive death are decreased in two ways; males prepare the host by breaking down defenses, and males make it possible for the females to mate immediately when they reach adulthood. Reported variability between harvests of S. glaseri may be partially attributed to protandry.
Simulation of fractionation by orthogonal collocation

Abstract An orthogonal collocation method is given for rapid simulation of multistage separation schemes. The grid points for each multistage module are selected by a stagewise least squares criterion. Refinement of the grid yields rapid convergence to the full stagewise solution. Calculations show that the method is remarkably efficient, both for steady and dynamic simulations of distillation columns.
Economy and Religion in the Neolithic Revolution: Material Surplus and the Proto-Religious Ethic:

Does economic change stimulate religious transformation, or do new religious ideas inspire economic innovation? Since Marx and Weber, social theorists have considered this question, most often in regard to modern societies. Here, the authors examine archaeological evidence from 40 ancient sites in the Near East, where horticulture and herding first arose. Results suggest that economic surplus preceded two types of religious artifacts. In the authors' data, utilitarian grave gifts never appeared without surplus—in herds or especially in grain. Although their timing is less conclusive, animal figurines rarely appeared without herding. These two types of artifact are more strongly related to surplus than artifacts tapping wealth or social complexity generally (decorative grave gifts and human figurines). Hence, although the data prohibit elaborate statistical controls, the hypothesized associations seem nonspurious. Apparently, religious ideas did not prompt new methods of economic production. Rather, econom...
Influence of crystallite size on carbon monoxide methanation

The effect of crystallite size on carbon monoxide hydrogenation is of great interest to researchers in methanation and Fischer-Tropsch both from its own point of view and its relationship to metal-support interactions. The authors have overcome difficulties of earlier studies by conducting all experiments in the same cell. Accordingly, magnetic measurements (for crystallite size) and hydrogen chemisorption (for nickel surface areas) are made at any time during a reaction experiment. Areal rates are precisely obtained with only uncertainties inherent in the techniques themselves and not in sample manipulation or treatment. Measurements were made of CO methanation rates during runs in which the crystallite size grew presumably through interparticle transport via nickel carbonyl, thus providing an almost continuous record of the size dependence of areal rates. In view of the importance of this subject, the authors present them in this note, together with other aspects critical to interpretation of these effects. 11 references.
Help-seeking behavior prior to nearly lethal suicide attempts.

The association between help-seeking and nearly lethal suicide attempts was evaluated using data from a population-based, case-control study of 153 13- to 34-year-old suicide attempt case-patients treated at emergency departments in Houston, Texas, and a random sample of 513 control-subjects. Measures of help-seeking included whether the participant sought help for health/emotional problems in the past month, type of consultant contacted, and whether suicide was discussed during the interaction. Overall, friends/family were consulted most frequently (48%). After controlling for potential confounders, case-patients were less likely than control-subjects to seek help from any consultant (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3-0.8) or a professional (e.g., physician, counselor) consultant (OR = 0.5, 95%CI = 0.29-0.8). Among those who sought help, case-patients were more likely than to discuss suicide (OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-5.4), particularly with professionals (OR = 11.8, 95% CI = 3.2-43.2). Our findings suggest that efforts to better understand the role of help-seeking in suicide prevention, including help sought from family and friends, deserves further attention.
Geographic Deregulation of Banking and Economic Growth

State-level U.S. data for 1965 through 1994 are used to test for the effect of bank deregulation on economic growth. In particular, this study tests whether intrastate branch and interstate bank deregulation, measured by the activities of banks and bank holding companies, expedites growth in real per capita income through its effect on the size of banking markets. The empirical analysis supports the hypothesis that such deregulation enhances short-run economic growth.
Quantifying Radiation Safety and Quality in Medical Imaging, Part 3: The Quality Assurance Scorecard

The practice of medical imaging is fraught with inconsistency as it relates to quality assurance, which is due in part to the lack of standardization and objective quality-centric data. By applying the scientific methods of Shewhart and Deming to medical imaging quality assessment, one can devise an objective, data-driven quality model, encompassing the various steps and processes that take place within the medical imaging chain. Through automated recording, tracking, and analysis of these quality data elements, a quantitative scorecard can be derived that provides an objective measure of quality performance, relating to each individual process, participating stakeholder, and technology being used. Through meta-analysis of these quality-centric data, best practice guidelines can be created, which in turn promote quality as the major differentiating feature of service providers.
Monoclonal antibodies to distinctive epitopes on the α and β subunits of the fibronectin receptor

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been developed that can recognize epitopes that are unique to either the α or β subunit of the fibronectin receptor (FnR). MAbs 11B4 and 7A8 immunoblot the α subunit of FnR either in purified form from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or in nonionic detergent extracts of cells of human and rodent origin electrophoresed under reducing or nonreducing conditions. The MAbs seem to be more reactive to the subunit when it has been electrophoresed under reducing conditions, suggesting that the epitope may be partially masked by the conformation conferred by disulfide bonding. A second set of MAbs, 7E2 and 7F9, is directed to an epitope on the β subunit that is conformationally dependent upon disulfide bonding, as reduction of the subunit leads to loss of reactivity with both MAbs. Further, 7E2/7F9 immunoblots of nonionic detergent extracts of CHO cells, run under nonreducing conditions, reveal the presence of a third band (90-kDa), immunologically related to the β subunit, which is not surface-labeled with 125I in intact cells and which does not copurify with the α and β subunits isolated by immunoaffinity purification of FnR using the MAb PB1. The 90-kDa component is not found associated with a plasma membrane fraction prepared by crude cell fractionation, but is abundant in a low-speed pellet containing nuclei and intracellular membranes. This finding suggests that the 90-kDa component is a precursor to the β subunit. Finally, the epitope of 7E2/7F9 is unique to CHO cells, as cross-reactivity to other cell types cannot be demonstrated by either immunoblotting or immunoprecipitation.
Evidence of orientation independence of band offset in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures

The valence-band offset between GaAs and AlGaAs has been found to be independent of crystal orientation, as deduced from measurements of the two-dimensional hole densities in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.26}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.74}$As/GaAs heterojunctions. An analysis of the charge transfer yields a valence-band offset of 0.39\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02 of the energy-gap difference.
Fungal burn wound infection. A 10-year experience.

• To evaluate our experience with fungal burn wound infection, we performed a 10-year review for comparison with our experience with bacterial burn wound infection. During the study period, a marked decline occurred in bacterial wound infection but not in fungal wound infection. Patients with either bacterial or fungal burn wound infection had massive injury, with burn size averaging greater than 50% of the total body surface area. Factors that appear to have markedly reduced bacterial burn wound infection, including patient isolation, topical chemotherapeutic agents, and burn wound excision, do not appear to have had a similar effect on fungal wound infection. The mechanism of spread and colonization of fungi, and the lack of effective topical chemotherapeutic antifungal agents, may explain in part our findings. ( Arch Surg. 1991;126:44-48)
Differential acquisition-stage emphasis, instructions, and verbal mediating responses

The first experiment investigated the effects upon mediated responding of instructions and of the “emphasis” given to acquisition-stage items. Mediated responding was greater when instructions encouraged selection of the critical response, C, than when instructions discouraged selection of the critical response, C. In most cases, emphasis of items during the acquisition stages facilitated efficient utilization of the instructions on the test trial. A second experiment showed that emphasis of items during the acquisition stages aided identification of the critical response on eight-alternative test trials.
Common Sense about Taste: From Mammals to Insects

The sense of taste is a specialized chemosensory system dedicated to the evaluation of food and drink. Despite the fact that vertebrates and insects have independently evolved distinct anatomic and molecular pathways for taste sensation, there are clear parallels in the organization and coding logic between the two systems. There is now persuasive evidence that tastant quality is mediated by labeled lines, whereby distinct and strictly segregated populations of taste receptor cells encode each of the taste qualities.
A model for developing effective treatments: Progression and interplay of theory, research, and practice.

The central thesis of this article is that advances in psychotherapy research for children and adolescents are limited, despite the large number of controlled studies and consistent conclusions about demonstrated effectiveness. The ways in which individual studies are conducted and the lack of an overall plan for the progression of research to identify effective treatments have contributed to the limited conclusions. In this article, I identify steps toward developing effective treatment that entail conceptualization and investigation of clinical problems, processes of change, and conditions that influence treatment outcome. Progress will not only require more systematic accretion of research, but also expansion in the range of questions, outcomes, and models of treatment delivery that are examined. Efforts to improve the knowledge base and to integrate knowledge into clinical practice can also be greatly enhanced by modifying the ways in which clinical work is conducted and specifically by systematically monitoring treatment implementation and patient progress.
Dynorphin A inhibits NMDA receptors through a pH-dependent mechanism.

Dynorphin A (DynA), an endogenous agonist of κ-opioid receptors, has also been reported to directly interact with the NMDA receptor. DynA inhibition of NMDA receptor function has been suggested to be involved in its neuroprotective action during ischemic and acidic conditions. However, the effect of external pH on DynA inhibition of the NMDA receptor has not been reported. Here, we show that DynA inhibition of the NMDA receptor is dependent on extracellular pH over the range of pH 6.7–8.3, and the inhibition by 10 μM DynA increases at low pH by three- to four-fold in hippocampal neurons and in Xenopus oocytes expressing NR1-1a/2B subunits. Molecular studies showed that the interacting site for DynA on the NMDA receptor is distinct from that of proton or redox sites. Peptide mapping demonstrated important contributions of positively charged residues and specific structural organization of the peptide to the potency of DynA inhibition. Thus, DynA inhibits NMDA receptors through an allosteric mechanism, which is pH dependent and involves the specific structural features of the peptide.
Tobacco plants ectopically expressing the Ammopiptanthus mongolicus AmCBL1 gene display enhanced tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses

Ca2+ is a critical component in signal transduction pathways that lead to stress gene expression in higher plants and regulates a wide range of physiological processes. The calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) family represents a unique group of calcium sensors in plants, and plays a key role in decoding calcium transients. Here, a CBL1 homolog gene, AmCBL1 (NCBI accession no. AY902246), was isolated from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) experiments showed that AmCBL1 was significantly induced by drought, high salinity, heat, and CaCl2 treatments in A. mongolicus seedlings. Subcellular localization analysis suggested that AmCBL1 is a plasma membrane-localized protein. Our results suggest that AmCBL1 is not only a positive regulator of salt response but also a positive regulator of temperature stresses in A. mongolicus.
Two new species of Scolecopteris (Marattiales), sources of Torispora securis Balme and Thymospora thiessenii (Kosanke) Wilson et Venkatachala

Abstract Two biostratigraphically significant miospore species, Thymospora thiessenii and Torispora securis, were isolated from marattialean synangia preserved in coal-ball permineralizations from Pennsylvanian strata of the Illinois Basin and Western Interior coal region. Synangia containing Thymospora thiessenii were recovered from the Missourian Parker Coal Member (Patoka Formation) of Indiana and are described here as Scolecopteris parkerensis Lesnikowska et Willard, sp. nov. The uniformly thin outer sporangial walls and broadly enclosing, hirsute pinnule margins place the species in the Latifolia group sensu Millay (1979). It is distinguished from the other species of the group by the size of the synangia, by the size and shape of the pinnules, by features of the pedicel and by the spores. Coal balls from the Desmoinesian Cliffland Coal Member (Kalo Formation) of Iowa yielded synangia producing two different spore types: a peripheral layer of spores with a distinct apical crassitude (Torispora securis) and interior spores assignable to Laevigatosporites globosus. The crassitude of Torispora is shown to be a structure distinct from the main spore body but is enclosed with it by the exine. The fructifications are described as Scolecopteris dispora Lesnikowska et Willard, sp. nov., which belongs to the Oliveri group sensu Millay (1979) on the basis of the uniformly thick outer sporangial wall and downturned, hairless pinnule margins. It is distinguished from the other members of the group by the large size of the synangia, the uniform histology of the outer sporangial walls, features of the pedicel, and by the spores. This is the first reported association of either of these spores with permineralized fructifications from coal.
In-Roadway Yield to Pedestrians Signs : Placement Distance and Motorist Yielding

Motorists often fail to yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks at uncontrolled locations. Several studies, including a recent NCHRP and TCRP study, have demonstrated that the use of in-roadway signs can significantly increase the percentage of motorists yielding to pedestrians at uncontrolled marked crosswalks. The 2003 edition of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices includes two in-roadway signs that may be installed at uncontrolled locations but does not give precise directions on where to place the sign in relation to the crosswalk. The purpose of the present FHWA study was to compare the effect of placing these signs at the crosswalk, 20 ft in advance of the crosswalk, 40 ft in advance of the crosswalk, and at all three locations on driver yielding behavior. A counterbalanced multielement design was used in this experiment. This design involves the installation of the sign at several different locations in advance of the crosswalk to determine if there is an optimum location for sign place...
On the Implementation of a Block Truncation Coding Algorithm

We consider some aspects of a data compression scheme called block truncation coding which are necessarily encountered when the scheme is implemented in practice. We derive an expression used to compute an essential quantity of the algorithm and analyze the effect of perturbing this quantity. Furthermore, we discuss how best to account for the perturbation in the overall scheme.
Pro: “Bridging anticoagulation is needed during warfarin interruption in patients who require elective surgery”

Pro: “Bridging anticoagulation is needed during warfarin interruption in patients who require elective surgery” -
Postoperative readmissions following ileostomy formation among patients with a gynecologic malignancy

Objectives Ileostomy results in a relatively poorer water reabsorption and is associated with dehydration and renal injury. These problems may be exacerbated in the setting of gynecologic cancers owing to both patient and disease-related factors. We evaluated the rate and reasons for hospital readmission within 30 days of ileostomy creation in patients with a gynecologic malignancy.
The 2′-Phosphate of NADP Is Responsible for Proper Orientation of the Nicotinamide Ring in the Oxidative Decarboxylation Reaction Catalyzed by Sheep Liver 6-Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Sheep liver 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase shows a high specificity for NADP, with a much lower affinity for NAD. Discrimination between NADP and NAD suggests that the interactions between the 2′-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase contribute most of the binding energy for NADP. There are three active site residues, Asn-32, Arg-33, and Thr-34, that hydrogen-bond to the 2′-phosphate of NADP according to the crystal structure of the E·Nbr8ADP complex. In this study alanine mutagenesis was used to probe the contribution of each of the three residues to binding the cofactor and to catalysis. All mutant enzymes exhibit no significant change in V/Et or K6PG but an increase in KNADP that ranges from 6- to 80-fold. All mutant enzymes also exhibit at least a 7-fold increase in the primary kinetic 13C-isotope effect-1, indicating that the decarboxylation step has become more rate-limiting. Data are consistent with significant roles for Asn-32, Arg-33, and Thr-34 in providing binding energy for NADP, and more importantly, the 2′-phosphate of NADP is required for proper orientation of the cofactor to allow rotation about the N-glycosidic bond as it is reduced in the hydride transfer step.
Planning and scheduling at STScI: from Hubble to the James Webb Space Telescope

While HST’s planning and scheduling processes are mature, JWST’s–with a planned 2018 launch–are still in development. The STScI science, engineering, software, and operations teams are working together to get the JWST planning and scheduling systems up and running in the next few years. Here, we review the improvements made to HST’s planning and scheduling processes over the past three decades, as well as the current state of the observing program. Also, differences between the two telescopes are discussed, as well as how they affect the creation of the JWST planning and scheduling system.
Fathers in the Dorm Room: The Unique Influence of Fathers and Mothers on Young Adult Functioning

A sample of college students (N = 129; mean age = 19 years) at a small, religious university in the Pacific Northwest completed questionnaires assessing parental acceptance and rejection, depression, coping, and social experiences. Depression was positively related to perceived father acceptance and inversely related to his rejection, but not to either mother variables. Interestingly, only fathers’ acceptance was inversely related to depression for daughters, whereas only mothers’ acceptance was similarly related to sons’ depression. Mothers’ acceptance was positively related to perceived social support from significant others, whereas fathers’ acceptance and rejection—but not mothers’—were positively and inversely related, respectively, to social experiences with friends. Results highlight distinct associations between father- versus mother-child relationships and young adult socio-emotional outcomes.
Hyperpolarization at gas evolving electrodes—II. Hall/heroult electrolysis

Abstract Hyperpolarization, a voltage component at gas evolving electrodes due to the masking of the electrode by bubbles, was investigated in aluminum electrolysis at three types of anodes: graphite, baked carbon, and vitreous carbon. Rotation of a cylindrical electrode separated the hyperpolarization from the other components of the voltage balance. Hyperpolarization was measured as a function of rotation rate and current density. The average amount of hyperpolarization at a current density of 1 A cm −2 was approximately 20 mV. A substantial hyperpolarization of 60 mV appeared at current densities between 1 and 10 mA cm −2 , a result of large slowly growing bubbles on the electrode. Laboratory measurements of the kinetics of gas evolving electrode reactions at low current densities should include motion to avoid hyperpolarization.
Retinal pigment epithelial cells produce interleukin-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in response to interleukin-1α

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is clinically involved in diverse ocular inflammatory diseases. Because perturbed RPE cells produce a variety of inflammatory substances, RPE cells may play an integral part in these diseases. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are pleiotropic cytokines with the ability to trigger numerous inflammatory responses. This report shows that cultured human RPE cells synthesize interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) and GM-CSF in response to the potentially inflammatory cytokine, IL-1α, but not to E. coli endotoxin. Control RPE cells made little or no mRNA or protein for either IL-1β or GM-CSF. Upon stimulation of the cells by IL-1α, both IL-1β and GM-CSF mRNAs were readily apparent by 3 hours, persisted for over 24 hours, and were translated into immunologically detectable proteins. GM-CSF protein was secreted into the culture medium, whereas IL-1β protein remained cell associated. The IL-1α-induced mRNA and protein production were inhibited ...
Ova & parasite examination practices: Results of survey

Summary It can be seen that laboratories utilize a wide variety of testing practices in an effort to provide cost effective ova and parasite testing. It is incumbent upon the laboratory to know the prevalence of parasites in their specific patient population and to use this information to develop practice guidelines for ova and parasite examination. It is of the utmost importance that once those guidelines have been developed, the number and timing of specimens to be collected, the tests to be performed on those specimens, and the parasites that can or cannot be detected by those methods be communicated to the physician.
Paired Overexpression of ErbB3 and Sox10 in Pilocytic Astrocytoma

Pilocytic astrocytoma (PA) is the most common glioma of childhood. Despite their relatively high incidence, the molecular mechanisms responsible for tumorigenesis and growth of PA are poorly understood. Previous in vitro studies in our laboratory showed that despite the absence of ErbB1, PA was sensitive to ErbB1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib. To identify alternative targets of gefitinib in PA, we studied other members of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family that have been identified in brain tumors. Using gene expression microarray and Western blot analyses, we found that ErbB3 is highly overexpressed in PA compared with other pediatric brain tumors (glioblastoma, ependymoma, medulloblastoma, atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, and choroid plexus papilloma). Developmental biology studies have identified Sox10 as a regulator of ErbB3 expression during development of the neural crest. Investigation of Sox10 in PA revealed that it is highly overexpressed relative to other pediatric brain tumors, lending support to the theory that Sox10-regulated overexpression of ErbB3 may be driving growth in PA. Sox10-regulated ErbB3 overexpression is a novel insight into the biology of PA, suggests possible recapitulation of developmental pathways in tumorigenesis, and presents possible targets for therapeutic intervention that might be used for hypothalamic variants not amenable to surgical cure.
Flavor and Storage Stability of Potato Chips Fried in Cottonseed and Sunflower Oils and Palm Olein/Sunflower Oil Blends

Potato chips fried in cottonseed (CSO) and sunflower (SFO) oils and 20 and 40% palm olein oil (POO):SFO blends were stored at 23 to 25 °C for 0-, 3- and 6-wk in dark (DS) and in 1.5-1.7 footcandles of light (LS). During DS, peroxide values (PV) increased only in chips fried in SFO. In LS, PV increased at lower rates in chips fried in POO blends than in CSO or SFO. Sensory evaluation showed potato chip flavor intensity was similar among oils/blends and unchanged during storage, but intensities of oxidative rancidity and off-flavor increased in chips fried in CSO at 6-wk LS. This off-flavor most likely was due to 1-decyne identified by SPME analysis. Addition of POO to SFO improved the stability of chips as measured by PV without sacrificing potato chip flavor. Des chips frites dans differentes huiles (graine de coton (CSO), tournesol (SFO), et melange palme (POO)/tournesol (SFO)) sont entreposees entre 23 et 25° jusqu'a 6 semaines. L'evolution de la flaveur et l'oxydation des lipides au cours de l'entreposage sont observes. L'addition d'huile de palme a l'huile de tournesol permet d'augmenter la stabilite des chips sans sacrifier la flaveur specifique.
Modulation of calcium currents by G‐proteins and adenosine receptors in myenteric neurones cultured from adult guinea‐pig small intestine

1. Whole-cell patch clamp methods were used to analyse voltage-dependent calcium currents in cultured myenteric neurones enzymatically isolated from adult guinea-pig small intestine. 2. Activation of G-proteins by intracellular administration of GTP-gamma-S (100-200 microM in pipette) decreased the amplitude of high voltage activated Ca2+ current (ICa) by more than 50%. Residual ICa was activated more slowly and was non-inactivating during 500 ms test pulses when GTP-gamma-S was included in the pipette solution. 3. Inclusion of 500 microM GDP-beta-S in the patch pipettes increased the amplitude of ICa by over 30% without altering the voltage-dependency. 4. Extracellular application of 2-chloroadenosine suppressed ICa dose-dependently by reducing both transient and sustained components of the current. 5. Pretreatment of the neurones with cholera toxin or forskolin did not alter the actions of GTP-gamma-S or GDP-beta-S or 2-chloroadenosine. 6. The results suggest that high threshold calcium channels in myenteric neurones are influenced by G-proteins and that the inhibitory action of 2-chloroadenosine on ICa involves G-protein coupling of the adenosine receptors to the Ca2+ channel.
Modified localization wire for breast lesions

We modified commercially available wires for localization of non-palpable breast leasions. The modified localizing wire was used in 16 women requiring excision of non-palpable breast lesions and comparison was made with non-localizing wires. The results indicated that the modified localizing wire provided technical ease to the surgeons in removing the breast lesion and significant help to the radiolgists in placing the wire and reporting the position of the wire in relation to the breast lesion.
Production of the H dibaryon in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

We discuss mechanisms for the production of exotic hadrons in heavy-ion collisions at high energy, focusing on the doubly strange /ital H/ dibaryon. In a hadron gas phase, we estimate the /ital H/ formation rate, per central Si+Au collision, to be of order 0.01 for temperatures /ital T/=120--140 MeV, based on a conventional coalescence model. If the quark-gluon plasma phase is excited, we expect an enhancement relative to the rate for a hadron gas. We explore various schemes for detecting the /ital H/ in the high multiplicity background characteristic of heavy-ion collisions. The proposed detection techniques include the measurement of weak decays such as /ital H//r arrow/..sigma../sup /minus//p, the search for nuclear fragments with anomalous charge/mass ratio, and diffractive dissociation processes such as /ital Hp//r arrow/..xi../sup /minus//pp. .AE
THE TAXONOMIC AND CLIMATIC DISTRIBUTION OF OILS, FATS, AND WAXES IN PLANTS

The fact that in general the melting points of marine animal oils are lower than the melting points of the oils of land animals suggests that there may be a relationship between the melting point of a plant oil and the temperature of its environment. In accordance with this idea tropical plants should have oils of higher melting points than those of plants of temperate climates; and it is of interest to determine whether seeds have oils of lower melting points than those contained in seed coverings; whether plants of tropical origin retain their high melting point oils when in temperate climates; and whether oil properties are of value in species identification. In the tissue of most plants there are small particles of oil that may serve as reserve food for the plant or its seedlings. The most common storage place for oil is the seed, where it is almost always present in at least a small amount; and in some cases it may be the dominant form of stored food. Oil is not confined to seeds, but occurs also in the flesh of fruits (olives, oil palm fruits), in rootstocks and tubers (potato, iris, and sedges), and in bulbs (onion) .
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND LATTICE PARAMETERS OF CURIUM TRICHLORIDE.

CmCl3 has been found to exhibit the hexagonal UCl3 structure. Powder data from two samples give average lattice parameters a = 7·380 ± 0·006 A and c = 4·186 ± 0·010 A, where the error limits are the 95 per cent confidence interval calculated using the standard statistical method for the average of two independent determinations.
Role of chemotherapy in stages I to III non-small cell lung cancer

The management of resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been the focus of extensive investigation over the last decade. Nonetheless, existing management strategies are suboptimal for all stage groupings. The only exception is complete resection for stage IA NSCLC, in which a cure is achieved in 70 to 85% of patients. A number of studies demonstrate that adjuvant chemotherapy may be associated with some biological effect. Nonetheless, chemotherapy remains experimental and cannot be definitively recommended outside the context of a randomized trial. Radiation therapy appears to be associated with a reduction in local recurrence in stage II NSCLC. With regard to potentially resectable stage IIIA NSCLC, the results of randomized trials support the conclusion that induction chemotherapy followed by resection (with or without postoperative radiation) may enhance survival compared to that achieved with resection alone. Among patients with stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC who are treated without resection, numerous phase III studies demonstrate that induction chemotherapy with definitive radiation improves outcome when compared to thoracic radiation therapy alone. While there may be an advantage for concurrent chemoradiation compared to sequential therapy, definitive results are not yet available to support this conclusion. While the magnitude of benefit associated with induction chemotherapy or chemoradiation in regionally advanced NSCLC is debatable, the results of multimodality studies provide a basis for optimism that real therapeutic progress is being achieved. Further study of therapeutic strategies that incorporate aggressive systemic treatment and local-regional therapy in stage IIIA and IIIB NSCLC is warranted. Moreover, completion of randomized studies focusing on the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IB and stage II NSCLC should be given priority.
Deriving Summaries Through an Identity-Based Approach

The existence of large datasets requires methods for producing simpler or summarized views of data. Typical approaches to summarization based on statistics do not capture completely the semantics associated with coarser views of spatio-temporal phenomena. In this paper, methods for deriving summaries of spatio-temporal objects are described and a set of operators is introduced for evolving summarized views. The approach uses the concept of object identity and examines the nature of deriving coarser views of objects based on changes to temporal detail as well as eliminating and combining objects.
A role for tumour necrosis factor-α, complement C5 and interleukin-6 in the initiation and development of the mycobacterial cord factor trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate induced granulomatous response

Trehalose 6,6′-dimycolate (TDM) is a glycolipid component of the mycobacterial cell wall that causes immune responses in mice similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, including granuloma formation with production of proinflammatory cytokines. The precise roles of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, complement C5 and interleukin (IL)-6 in the molecular events that lead to the initiation and maintenance of the granulomatous response to TDM have not been fully elucidated. Macrophage proinflammatory responses from wild-type and complement-deficient mice after infection with MTB were assessed, and compared to responses from organisms in which surface TDM had been removed. Removal of TDM abolished proinflammatory responses, markedly so in the complement-deficient macrophages. Mice deficient in TNF-α, C5a and IL-6, along with wild-type C57BL/6 controls, were intravenously injected with TDM in a water-in-oil emulsion, and analysed for histological response and cytokine production in lungs. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice formed granulomas with increased production of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), IL-12p40, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and IL-10 protein and mRNA. TNF-α-deficient mice failed to produce a histological response to TDM, with no increases in cytokine production following TDM administration. While C5a-deficient mice exhibited inflammation, they did not form structured granulomas and initially had decreased production of proinflammatory mediators. IL-6-deficient mice initiated granuloma formation, but failed to maintain the granulomas through day 7 and demonstrated decreased early production of proinflammatory mediators in comparison to wild-type mice. These data suggest that TNF-α is critical for initiation of the granulomatous response, C5a is necessary for formation of cohesive granulomas, and IL-6 plays a key role in the granuloma maintenance response to mycobacterial TDM.
Chorus: scalable in-band trust establishment for multiple constrained devices over the insecure wireless channel

Secure initial trust establishment for multiple resource constrained devices is a fundamental issue underlying wireless networks. A number of protocols have been proposed for secure key deployment among nodes without prior shared secrets (ad hoc), however so far most of them rely on secure out-of-band (OOB) channels (e.g., audio, visual) which either only work with a small number of devices or require auxiliary hardware. In this paper, for the first time, we design a solution that enables secure initialization of a group of wireless devices, which works merely within the wireless band. Our proposed solution is based on a novel physical-layer primitive for authenticated string comparison over the insecure wireless channel, called Chorus, which simultaneously compares the equality of fixed-length authentication strings held by multiple wireless devices within constant time. The Chorus achieves a key authentication property, which prevents an adversary from tricking each device to believe that all strings are equal when they are not, which is enabled by exploiting the infeasibility of signal cancellation and unidirectional error detection codes. Chorus can be employed as a foundation to provide in-band group message authentication (GMA) and group authenticated key agreement (GAKA), that does not require any prior shared secret. Specifically, we design two GAKA protocols based on Chorus and formally prove their security. The most appealing features of our proposed protocols include: minimal hardware requirement (a common radio interface and a button), minimal user effort (pressing a button on each device on average), nearly constant running time, thus they are scalable to a large group of constrained wireless devices. Through extensive analysis and experimental evaluation, we show the security and robustness of Chorus under a realistic attack model, and demonstrate the high scalability of our GAKA protocols.
Time-domain and frequency-domain feature selection for reliable radar target identification

The authors discuss the development of useful techniques for selecting features from radar backscatter measurements. This investigation is primarily motivated by interest in the design of radar target identification (RTI) systems that utilize frequency-diverse and polarization-diverse measurements of radar backscatter. Techniques for selecting sets of features from time-domain data and frequency-domain data are presented. The performance of radar target identification systems employing the resulting sets of features is evaluated by means of Monte-Carlo simulation studies. >
Gravitational waves from rotating and precessing rigid bodies. II - General solutions and computationally useful formulas

A rigid, freely precessing Newtonian body emits gravitational radiation. In this paper I review the classical-mechanics results for free precession which are needed in order to calculate the weak-field slow-motion quadrupole-moment gravitational waves. Within that formalism, I give algorithms for computing the exact gravitational power radiated and waveforms produced by arbitrary rigid-body freely precessing sources. I also present the dominant terms in series expansions of the waveforms for the case of an almost-spherical object precessing with a small wobble angle. These series expansions, which retain the precise frequency dependence of the waves, may be useful for gravitational astronomers when freely precessing sources begin to be observed.
A paradigm for the analysis of childbearing motivations of married women prior to birth of the first child.

Book reviewed in this article: Childbearing motivations involve a constellation of socially defined and idiosyncratic meanings, some of which may not be recognized by the individual. A systematic delineation of the multiplicity of meanings related to childbearing provides a framework for investigating motivational conflicts that may thwart childbearing plans and contribute to problems of conception, pregnancy, childbirth, and childrearing.
Adaptive control of gait stability in reducing slip-related backward loss of balance

The properties of adaptation within the locomotor and balance control systems directed towards improving one’s recovery strategy for fall prevention are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine adaptive control of gait stability to repeated slip exposure leading to a reduction in backward loss of balance (and hence in protective stepping). Fourteen young subjects experienced a block of slips during walking. Pre- and post-slip onset stability for all slip trials was obtained as the shortest distance at touchdown (slipping limb) and lift-off (contralateral limb), respectively, between the measured center of mass (COM) state, that is, position and velocity relative to base of support (BOS) and the mathematically predicted threshold for backward loss of balance. An improvement in pre- and post-slip onset stability correlated with a decrease in the incidence of balance loss from 100% (first slip) to 0% (fifth slip). While improvements in pre-slip stability were affected by a proactive anterior shift in COM position, the significantly greater post-slip onset improvements resulted from reductions in BOS perturbation intensity. Such reactive changes in BOS perturbation intensity resulted from a reduction in the demand on post-slip onset braking impulse, which was nonetheless influenced by the proactive adjustments in posture and gait pattern (e.g., the COM position, step length, flat foot landing and increased knee flexion) prior to slip onset. These findings were indicative of the maturing process of the adaptive control. This was characterized by a shift from a reliance on feedback control for postural correction to being influenced by feedforward control, which improved pre-slip stability and altered perturbation intensity, leading to skateover or walkover (>0.05 m or <0.05 m displacement, respectively) adaptive strategies. Finally, the stability at contralateral limb lift-off was highly predictive of balance loss occurrence and its subsequent rapid reduction, supporting the notion of the internal representations of stability limits that could be modified and updated, as a key component in the adaptive control.
The Politics–Administration Dichotomy in U.S. Historical Context

This article distinguishes the competing interpretations of the politics–administration dichotomy, noting that as, originally framed, it was intended to detach partisan politics and patronage from sound public management. Waldo, the author suggests, concerned himself with the later, more expansive conception of the dichotomy, which included the process of policy making.
Outcome analysis of 244 consecutive flaps for managing complex groin wounds

Summary Background Complex groin wounds present a significant challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. We present a large experience of flaps for managing complex groin wounds. The purpose of our study was to assess outcomes with respect to flap selection and indication (prophylactic versus salvage). Patients and methods A retrospective review of all patients receiving flaps for complex groin wounds between 2005 and 2011 was performed. Two types of procedures were evaluated: prophylactic muscle flaps (PMFs) and salvage flaps. We performed an outcome analysis of complications based on flap timing and selection. Results A total of 244 flaps were performed during the study period: 146 flaps for salvage and 98 for prophylaxis. Flaps included: sartorius muscle flap (SMF) ( N = 132), rectus femoris flap (RFF) ( N = 99), and antero-lateral thigh (ALT) ( N = 13). Salvaged wounds had higher rates of major wound dehiscence compared to prophylactic wounds ( P = 0.002). The SMF ( N = 132) and RFF ( N = 99) cohorts were similar with respect to patient and operative characteristics, however, the RFF cohort tended to be obese ( P = 0.002), used for salvage ( P = 0.0005), endarterectomy procedures ( P = 0.018), and culture positive wounds ( P = 0.09). Major limb related complications (graft loss, limb loss, and reoperation) were significantly lower in the RFF group ( P = 0.03). Conclusions Muscle flaps for complex groin wounds can be safely performed with excellent outcomes. We suggest use of the SMF in the prophylactic setting and for smaller salvage wounds. The RFF may be better suited to address larger, more complex wounds. PMFs in select, high-risk patients optimize wound healing relative to patients undergoing groin wound salvage. Level of evidence Prognostic/risk category, level III.
Rhodopsin cooperativity in visual response

A theory of vertebrate scotopic vision is proposed. The essence of the theory is that absorption of one photon in the disc membrane gives rise to transmitter release through cooperativity among a number (10–50, depending on vertebrate species) of unbleached rhodopsin molecules. Conclusions based upon the theory are in good agreement with both psychophysical and electrophysiological threshold experiments carried out in the absence of background illumination. Empirical incorporation of a generalized Weber-Fechner law allows the theory to be applied in the case of certain backgrounds.
IgA multiple myeloma presenting as Henoch‐Schönlein purpura/polyarteritis nodosa overlap syndrome

We report the unusual case of a man with a 5-year history of relapsing Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) and macroscopic polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) as early manifestations of IgA kappa multiple myeloma. The glomeruli contained monoclonal IgA kappa deposits, without other immunoglobulins or lambda light chains. Glomerular deposits lacked the usual electron density but could be demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy. Multisystem large vessel vasculitis (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody negative) produced aneurysms of renal and hepatic arteries, whereas small vessel vasculitis affected the skin and glomeruli, producing a symptom complex of HSP with dermal and glomerular deposits of IgA. We conclude that HSP/overlap syndrome may be the initial manifestation of IgA myeloma and should be considered within the spectrum of monoclonal IgA deposition disease.