cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous instance annotation and clustering in multi-instance multi-label learning

Multi-instance multi-label learning (MIML) is a framework that addresses label ambiguity when data contains bags, each bag contains instances, and a bag label set is provided for each bag. Instance annotation in the MIML setting is the problem of finding an instance level classifier given training data consisting of labeled bags of instances. Current approaches for instance annotation mainly focus on identifying a class label for each instance without considering inner clusters within each class. Simultaneously learning to annotate and cluster may not only yield better model fit but also help to discovery cluster structure inside each class for future investigation. This paper addresses the challenge of simultaneously annotating and clustering by proposing a graphical model that takes into account inner clusters within each class. An expectation maximization inference based on maximum likelihood is proposed for the model. Results on bird song, image annotation, and two synthetic datasets illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework compared to current state-of-the-art approaches.
Effect of pretreatment of the electrokinetic properties of quartz

Abstract Effects of various commonly used pretreatments such as desliming, ultrasonic scrubbing and leaching with dilute nitric, hydrofluoric and sodium hydroxide solutions on the electrokinetic properties of quartz in aqueous solutions are reported. The study showed that treatments with various reagents often used in mineral processing research in the past to clean minerals can affect, sometimes severly, the electrokinetic properties of quartz. The change in these properties during subsequent aging is also found to be governed by the type of treatment used. This study also shows the need in mineral research for standardization of mineral preparation techniques in order that the discrepancy in data reported for surface properties in literature can be minimized.
Male college students' compliance with testicular self-examination.

Abstract The role of the physician and written educational material were assessed for effectiveness in increasing the regular performance of monthly testicular self-examination (TSE) by male college students. Of 633 students from three New England colleges, 4.7% ( n = 30) performed monthly TSE. These respondents then received written material or written material plus a physician's lecture on testicular cancer and TSE. In follow-up, 18% of the students that received written material alone ( n = 24 of 130) reported performing monthly TSE. Of the students that also received a physician's lecture, 36% n = 58 of 163) reported performing monthly TSE, a statistically significant increase in performance. Still the majority of the students followed did NOT adopt the practice of monthly TSE. Although the physician appears to be able to make a significant difference in this group's performance of TSE, a search for more effective methods to increase this population's practice of TSE should be sought.
Structure and respiration of sporulating Eimeria stiedae and E. tenella oocysts

SYNOPSIS. The structure and respiration of sporulating Eimeria tenella and E. stiedae oocysts was compared. Oocysts were purified by Clorox digestion and incubated at 29 C. The sporulation events were similar for both species, except for the spindle stage, altho sporulation took longer in E. stiedae. Sporulating oocysts go thru the process with some degree of synchrony. Oocyst respiration was measured polarographically. An early increase in respiratory rate in both species was followed by a depression in rate that correlated with the appearance of the early spindle stage. The rate again increased and then decreased toward a base rate during and after completion of sporulation. E. tenella oocysts incubated in air remained viable 4 times longer than those incubated in nitrogen. E. tenella sporozoites excysted and remained motile in the presence of sodium cyanide. These facts suggest that E. tenella sporozoites are facultative anaerobes.
Lateral interactions among membrane proteins. Implications for the organization of gap junctions

We have studied the relationship between interprotein forces and the lateral distribution of proteins in disordered mouse liver gap junctions. Data on protein positions are obtained from freeze-fracture electron micrographs. Short-ranged correlations in observed positions are characteristic of interacting particles in a fluid state. An analysis derived from statistical mechanics allows the determination of the magnitude and functional form of interprotein forces. We find that jap junction proteins are mutually repulsive, in a manner consistent with electrostatics and excluded volume. This dictates that long-ranged protein aggregation into jap junction plaques cannot arise solely from interparticle interactions. An alternative is the balance of lateral pressures between the junction and the surrounding glycocalyx. This idea is quantified into a model. Junctional pressure arises from protein-protein interactions and is computed from a pressure equation based on the force and a radial distribution function describing order. The pressure from the glycocalyx is assumed to arise from mixing, electrostatic, and elastic interactions of sugar residues, and is described with terms from Flory-Krigbaum and McMillan-Mayer theories. The results of this modeling are in reasonable agreement with available experimental data.
Recruitment strategies for a lung cancer chemoprevention trial involving ex-smokers ☆

The ability to recruit qualified subjects who are willing to adhere to the study protocol in clinical trials is an essential component of translational research. Such tasks can be particularly challenging for chemoprevention studies when the targeted study population is healthy, at risk individuals who do not have signs or symptoms of the disease, and the study participation involves complex scheduling and invasive procedures such as bronchoscopy. In this report, we describe the recruitment process and evaluated the effectiveness of various recruitment strategies utilized in our National Cancer Institute sponsored lung cancer chemoprevention study with celecoxib. Heavy ex-smokers were recruited into the study through various methods such as radio advertisements, print media, mass mailings, flyers, internet postings and others. The number of inquiries, on-site screenees and randomization generated by each method determined the efficacy of that recruitment strategy. We prescreened 4470 individuals, invited 323 people for on-site screening and randomized 137 subjects. Radio advertisements (ads) generated the most inquiries (71.1%), followed by internet posting (11.8%), print media (6.0%), posted and racked flyers (4.4%), mass mailings (2.7%) and other strategies such as referrals from friends or family members or health care providers (2.3%). Radio ads, although costly, yielded the most subjects for on-site screening and randomization. Moreover, among the various types of radio stations, news radio stations were by far the most successful. Our results suggest that advertising on news radio is a highly effective recruitment method for successful accrual of ex-smokers into lung cancer chemoprevention trials.
The use of beam's eye view volumetrics in the selection of non-coplanar radiation portals

In 3-dimensional treatment planning, beam's eye view (BEV) is used as an interactive tool to define portal entry angles that exclude critical structures while fully encompassing the target volume. With beam's eye view volumetrics (BEV volumetrics), the volume of intersected normal tissues is also calculated and is used as a quantitative tool to choose portal orientations that minimize normal tissue volumes irradiated. The axial beam entry angle and a polar angle (relative to the patient longitudinal axis) are specified to define the central axis orientation. Using BEV volumetrics, we have studied the quantities of normal tissues irradiated when treating tumors in the abdomen, thorax, and pelvis. The reduction of normal tissue irradiated is a strong function of site and patient-specific tumor size and location. Volumetrics combined with BEV is found to be useful in treatment planning because it (a) provides quantitative information needed in rationally choosing portal entry angles, (b) provides a near interactive speed approach to understanding the relative merits of different multiple field plans, and (c) compliments the information provided by the more time-consuming generation of dose volume histograms.
The Physician's Health Study. A neurologist's concern.

Should a neurologist recommend that an asymptomatic and healthy man take aspirin for prophylactic purposes on a long-term basis? This communication reviews the issues engendered by this question. The results of two large studies have been published in the past 2 years in which healthy male physicians were randomized for long-term prophylactic aspirin treatment or for assignment to a control cohort. The subjects were followed up for an average of 5 to 6 years. The Physicians' Health Study (PHS), 1 done in the United States (aspirin, 325 mg every other day), showed a 44% reduction in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI); the P value was less than.00001. The British study (BS) 2 showed no such benefit (aspirin, 300 to 500 mg daily). Rates for deaths from all causes were somewhat lower in the aspirin cohorts in both studies, but the reductions were not statistically significant. In both studies, the
Map of Parts of Floor of Santa Barbara Channel, California, Compiled from Side-Scanning Sonar Records: ABSTRACT

End_Page 802------------------------------Side-scanning sonar surveys of parts of the floor of the Santa Barbara Channel, California, carried out in March 1969 in connection with the U.S. Geological Survey's study of the oilspill area, provide the basis for an acoustic-geologic map of the area. Navigation during the field work was controlled closely and continuously by means of aircraft-tracking radar onshore that communicated with the ship by 2-way radio. The side-scanning-sonar equipment consisted of a towed transducer housing a dual array of piezoelectric-crystal hydrophones, each 4 ft long, one operating at 27.5 khz and the other at 30 khz. These were triggered alternately with 0.5-m sec pulses at 1-sec intervals and scanned the bottom to ranges of 375 m on both sides of the track or in a single-channel mode to ranges of 750 m on one side or the other. The shipboard equipment included the electronic systems, power supply, and recorder, which displayed returns on linear sweeps of an intensity-modulated Alden helix recorder, 45 cm wide, printing 45 lines/cm of length on wet paper. Features mapped include smooth bottom, rippled sand bottom, ledges of folded bedrock, drilling towers, pipelines, and features of unknown origin. Sonar records delineate changes in strike of the north-dipping strata on the flanks of the east-west-trending Rincon anticline, and identify a structural depression along the anticlinal crest at long. 119°40^primeW. End_of_Article - Last_Page 803------------
GAS HOLDUP AND HEAT TRANSFER FROM IMMERSED SURFACES IN TWO- AND THREE-PHASE SYSTEMS IN BUBBLE COLUMNS

Two experimental slurry bubble column facilities comprising of 10.8 and 30.5 cm diameter columns and appropriate for conducting hydrodynamic and heat transfer studies are described. The average and local gas holdup data are reported for the air-water system as a function of air velocity. The holdups for the three phases are also reported for the air-water-glass beads system over a range of air velocity values. The air holdup data are compared with the predictions of some of the commonly used correlations. The heat transfer coefficient for a 19 mm diameter cylindrical probe and the two- and three-phase dispersions are measured as a function of air velocity. Most of these hydrodynamic and heat transfer data correspond to the churn turbulent regime and the values obtained on the two columns differ appreciably from each other under similar operating conditions. This fact indicates that the scaleup of slurry bubble columns could be quite difficult on the basis of data obtained on the bench and pilot-plant scal...
Developing Self-Aware Mindfulness to Manage Countertransference in the Nurse-Client Relationship: An Evaluation and Developmental Study

Nursing students, and even the nurses they become, bring not only caring to their wounded clients but also at times their own unresolved personal stress. Especially without mindful awareness, projection of the nurse's unacknowledged emotional encumbrances (countertransference) threatens the effectiveness of the nurse-client relationship. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether Scheick's (2004) earlier instruction and use of a self-awareness development guide affected the self-control and sense of vibrant aliveness of students in a psychiatric nursing course, then use the information gained to develop a self-aware mindfulness template for managing countertransference in the nurse-client relationship. As gleaned from the literature, self-concept behaviors such as being fully vibrantly alive in the present moment, exercising self-control, and enacting self-awareness dovetail with qualities of mindfulness. Building on earlier findings pertinent to increasing self-awareness, this research used developmental mixed methodology to evaluate ex post facto data on the sense of vibrant full aliveness and self-control of 15 psychiatric nursing students who used a self-awareness development guide compared with seven final semester nursing students who lacked focused self-awareness instructional experiences. Both groups took Schutz's (1992) Element S: Self concept assessment. The quantitative research portion used inferential statistical analysis via the t test to evaluate student scores yielding information pertinent to the qualitative developmental part of the study. Formative and summative committees comprised of expert nursing and other psychologically oriented faculty then developed self-awareness and mindfully oriented teaching-learning tools that together formed a template highlighted by a mnemonic model termed STEDFAST. Although mitigated by the small sample and the use of intact groups, the experimental group, when exposed to self-awareness focused learning experiences, showed not only statistically significant changes in self-awareness, which had been determined in Scheick's (2004) earlier study, but also statistically significant changes in vibrant aliveness and self-control. The outcome that deliberate learning experiences using a self-awareness development model likely affected all three mindful behaviors prompted the expert formative and summative committees to specifically target self-awareness and mindfulness for the template. Students implementing the template anecdotally report increased self-aware mindfulness especially as they readily use the STEDFAST Self-Aware Mindfulness mnemonic portion in clinical encounters. The limitations of the study mandate that statistical assumptions be downplayed in favor of simply exploring data trends. Nevertheless, students using the template components describe growing in their ability to mindfully self-monitor toward better managing of not only countertransference in psychiatric nursing but also their own learning in other areas of nursing practice.
Superluminality and amplifiers

Electronic tuned amplifiers exhibit seemingly noncausal behaviors such as negative group delays and superluminal group velocities. This is demonstrated with a simple tuned amplifier circuit which is analogous to the Lorentz model of the inverted atom. There is no contradiction with causality, rather it is shown that these behaviors are required by Bode's law, itself a consequence of causality.
Box-Counting Dimension of Fractal Urban Form: Stability Issues and Measurement Design

The difficulty to obtain a stable estimate of fractal dimension for stochastic fractal e.g., urban form is an unsolved issue in fractal analysis. The widely used box-counting method has three main issues: 1 ambiguities in setting up a proper box cover of the object of interest; 2 problems of limited data points for box sizes; 3 difficulty in determining the scaling range. These issues lead to unreliable estimates of fractal dimensions for urban forms, and thus cast doubt on further analysis. This paper presents a detailed discussion of these issues in the case of Beijing City. The authors propose corresponding improved techniques with modified measurement design to address these issues: 1 rectangular grids and boxes setting up a proper box cover of the object; 2 pseudo-geometric sequence of box sizes providing adequate data points to study the properties of the dimension profile; 3 generalized sliding window method helping to determine the scaling range. The authors' method is tested on a fractal image the Vicsek prefractal with known fractal dimension and then applied to real city data. The results show that a reliable estimate of box dimension for urban form can be obtained using their method.
Beyond the Nationalities Question

While the collapse of the Soviet Union altered tremendously the configuration of power in Eurasia, the nationality issues that played such a critical role in fueling the Soviet collapse have hardly dissipated, but remain very much a part of the Eurasian landscape. Issues associated with cultural difference are openly discussed, and groups engage in autonomous self-organization in ways that could not have been imagined in Soviet times.
Eating Disorders on Campus: A Procedure for Community Intervention

Concern for students with eating disorders and concern for the environment served as the catalyst for the development of a procedure for responding to eating disorders. The procedure, which relies heavily on residence hall staff, is presented here, with emphasis on training, prevention, and issues in implementation.
A review of existing methods to quantify intangible assets

A good method for valuing intangible assets has not been established. Many valuation models have been proposed including performance management models, market-based models, economics based models and real options, but none have been able to provide a methodology for calculating intangible asset value as its own empirical number. Knowledge is not information; it is the act of taking information, applying experience and developing a hypothesis. Valuing intangible assets is an attempt to place a value on this process. This paper provides a review of existing quantitative and qualitative models and analyses their advantages, limitations and uncertainties. It also examines some of the ways US companies are currently using the existing models to value their intangible assets.
School Shootings and Critical Pedagogy.

Abstract What has been left out of studying school violence and shootings is a comprehensive look at the culture that creates violence and the lack of support for those deemed “different” in an educational setting that promotes and rewards competition. If parents, teachers, and other adults associated with children were teaching the values of respect toward others and the acceptance and celebration of differences between individuals (as critical pedagogy suggests), school violence might be eliminated.
The role of interspecific competition in the biogeography of island lizards

There is increasing evidence that interspecific competition has set important constraints on the distribution, abundance and evolution of island lizards. This is surprising not because competition is rare but because for a biogeographic pattern caused by species interactions to be detectable, it must be strong enough to override the many physical and historical differences that exist among real islands. Moreover, the direct pairwise links between species, once embedded in the complicated network of species interactions in entire communities, may become diluted and confused by the indirect interactions of still other species, particularly predators. Nevertheless, if competition is strong and if communities are simple (as they are on many species-poor islands), competition leaves its fingerprint on the ecological and evolutionary trajectories taken by island lizards.
On Quantitative Rorschach Scales.

Two types of quantitative Rorschach scales are discussed: first, those based on the response categories of content, location, and the determinants, and second, global scales based on the S's responses to all 10 stimulus cards. Two questions were asked of the data from children, ages 7-14, reared in geographic and social isolation and their matched urban controls: "Do the two sets of scales differentiate between the two groups of children?" and "How many dimensions exist in the two sets of scales?" Five of the 22 scales based on the standard scoring categories and eight of the 15 global scales differentiate between the isolate and control groups at p < .01. Principal component analyses were used to estimate the dimensionality of each set of scales and to compare the dimensionality of the 15 global Rorschach and 11 WISC scales administered to the same Ss. Questions of the utility of statistically non-independent scales and the development of new Rorschach scales which are appropriate to the E's research int...
Effect of Length and Diameter of Drug-Eluting Stents Versus Bare-Metal Stents on Late Outcomes

Background— The risk of restenosis and other adverse cardiac events with bare-metal stents (BMS) is increased with smaller stent diameters and longer stent lengths. Drug-eluting stents (DES) may reduce this effect in select patients; however, whether this benefit occurs in high-risk lesions and patients in routine practice is not clear. Methods and Results— Clinical outcomes (target-vessel revascularization [TVR], stent thrombosis, nonfatal myocardial infarction [MI], and cardiac death) at 2 years stratified by stented length and diameter were compared in 949 consecutive patients who received BMS and 1236 consecutive and comparable patients who received DES for single lesions. The longest tertile of BMS (>23 mm) was associated with increased hazard of TVR, ST, and nonfatal MI or death compared with shorter tertiles of BMS, which was abolished by DES. DES compared with BMS was independently associated with a lower hazard of TVR (HR, 0.34 [0.20 to 0.58]) and nonfatal MI or death (HR, 0.60 [0.39 to 0.92]) in the longest length tertile (>23 mm). No clear association of stented tertile diameter and clinical outcomes for either stent type was observed. However, DES compared with BMS was independently associated with a lower hazard of TVR for all diameter tertiles, and a lower hazard of nonfatal MI or death (0.66 [0.44 to 0.99]) in the largest diameter tertile (>3.4 mm). Conclusions— Independent of adverse patient and lesion characteristics, DES demonstrated significantly lower hazard of TVR and nonfatal MI or death at 2 years compared with BMS within the longest stented lengths (>23 mm) and largest diameters (>3.4 mm). Received July 8, 2008; accepted November 30, 2008. # CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE {#article-title-2}
Diagnosis of Gallbladder Perforation—a Puzzle!

Gallstone disease is common and complications frequently encountered include acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, and cholangitis, but gallbladder perforation (GBP) is rare. A definitive diagnosis is uncommon before surgery and morbidity and mortality associated with this condition are high. Reported incidence ranges between 2 and 10.6 % in patients with acute cholecystitis but is higher in patients managed conservatively. We report here five patients with GBP to show the difficulty in making an early diagnosis.
Affinity panning of peptide libraries using anti-streptokinase monoclonal antibodies: selection of an inhibitor of plasmin(ogen) active site

To select sequences complementary to their binding sites, two anti-streptokinase (SK) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), A4.5 and A5.5, were used in biopanning of 15-mer and hexamer phage-displayed peptide libraries, respectively. mAb A4.5 inhibits the catalytic activity of streptokinase-plasminogen activator complex (SKPAC), the binding of plasminogen to SK and the binding of human anti-SK polyclonal Abs to SK. All clones selected from the 15-mer peptide library by mAb A4.5 had identical nucleotide and amino acid sequences, RSVYRCSPFVGCWFG. An 11-mer peptide (peptide A4.5, YRCSPFVGCWF) derived from this sequence inhibited the binding of mAb A4.5 and human anti-SK polyclonal Abs to SK as well as the catalytic activity of both SKPAC and plasmin. The binding of the second mAb (mAb A5.5) to SK is lost upon interaction of SK with plasminogen, suggesting that sequences selected by this mAb are likely associated with the C-terminal cleavage site of SK. Biopanning of a hexamer peptide library with mAb A5.5 selected the sequence RYLQDY that is homologous to residues 324-328, adjacent to one possible C-terminal cleavage site in SK. A 10-mer synthetic peptide (LDFRDLYDPR) corresponding to residues 321-330 in SK specifically inhibited the binding of mAb A5.5 to SK. The selection and characterization of these two peptides enhances our understanding of SK structure, maps an antigenic epitope, and identifies a peptide inhibitor of plasminogen activation.
Poly[μ3-1,3-dithiol­ane-2-methanol-κ3S:S:S′-μ-nitrato-silver(I)]

The title compound, [Ag(NO3)(C4H8OS2)]n, is a polymeric complex in which each Ag atom is coordinated by three S atoms from three different dithiol­ane ligands, forming a T-shaped coordination configuration. The Ag atoms and dithiol­ane ligands construct a linear backbone via the Ag—S bonds. The backbones are linked into a three-dimensional network by bridging nitrate groups and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
Effect of colostrum intake on plasma glucose, non-esterified fatty acid and glucoregulatory hormone patterns in the neonatal pig.

Abstract The effect of colostrum on endocrine and metabolic factors affecting glucose homeostasis was evaluated in 60 neonatal pigs that were fasted, fed (nursed ad libitum ) or limit-fed colostrum (25% ad libitum , 4-hr interval feeding). Plasma acquired at birth (t0), and after 10, 20 and 30 hr (t10, t20 and t30, respectively) was analyzed for glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and the glucoregulatory hormones — insulin, glucagon, cortisol, growth hormone and catecholamines. The concentration of glucose and NEFA was similar among treatment groups at birth and increased in proportion to the quantity of colostrum consumed. Pigs fed ad libitum achieved and maintained a higher (≥40%; P .10) to be elevated in fed pigs, relative to those of fasted counterparts. Provision of even limited quantities of colostrum is therefore beneficial to the glucoregulatory response in newborn pigs.
Wave propagation in a one-dimensional randomly perturbed periodic medium

We study the variance of the solution of a periodic randomly perturbed one-dimensional Schrodinger operator after propagation through N periods. It is shown that if the frequency of propagation lies inside the band, then the total variance is proportional to Nσ2, where σ is the intensity of the white noise. However, if the wave frequency is close to the band edge (where the transfer matrix has a Jordan block structure), the resulting variance is proportional to Nσ2/3. Thus, propagation becomes highly sensitive to random perturbations. Numerical simulations reveal that even low noise in a periodic potential can suppress transmission near the band edges and make it strongly irregular inside the band. Further increase of the noise amplitude leads to intermittent behaviour of the transmission coefficient, and makes transmission possible only for a few random frequencies in the band.
The relationship of oxygen consumption to cerebral functional activity

Summary 1. An adaptation of the Kety nitrous oxide method for the determination of cerebral blood flow has been described. It is practical and safe for use in infants and children. 2. Studies of thirty-three infants and children, most of whom had defects of the central nervous system, indicate that a direct correlation exists between cerebral oxygen consumption and mental ability. 3. Some of the theoretical aspects of the relation of cerebral metabolism to cerebral functional activity have been discussed. 4. The potential usefulness of studies of this nature in the evaluation and prognosis of children with neurological disorders and mental retardation has been emphasized.
The Management Crunch: A Challenge for Business Education

This study investigated the factors relevant to management motivation of today's college students. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire administered to 78 juniors and seniors in a large College of Business in the nation's Southeast. Among other findings, this study seemed to indicate that management and marketing majors offer strong management potential while accounting, banking, general business, health administration and business education majors appear to be a poor source of managerial talent.
The spectrum of symmetric Krawtchouk matrices

Abstract Symmetric Krawtchouk matrices are introduced as a modification of Krawtchouk matrices, whose entries are values of the Krawtchouk polynomials. Of particular interest are spectral properties.
The practice of collective bargaining

The article reviews the book “The Practice of Collective Bargaining,” by Edwin F. Beal and Edward D. Wickersham.
Symbols and Artifacts: Views of the Corporate Landscape

This article presents a review of the book “Symbols and Artifacts: Views of the Corporate Landscape,” edited by Pasquale Gagliardi.
Exotic Kondo-hole band resistivity and magnetoresistance of Ce 1 − x La x Os 4 Sb 12 alloys

Electrical resistivity measurements of nonmagnetic single-crystalline ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{La}}_{x}{\mathrm{Os}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ alloys, $x=0.02$ and 0.1, are reported for temperatures down to $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$ and magnetic fields up to $18\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. At the lowest temperatures, the resistivity of ${\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{La}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{Os}}_{4}{\mathrm{Sb}}_{12}$ has a Fermi-liquid-like temperature variation $\ensuremath{\rho}={\ensuremath{\rho}}_{0}+A{T}^{2}$ but with negative $A$ in small fields. The resistivity has an unusually strong magnetic field dependence for a paramagnetic metal. The $20\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$ resistivity increases by 75% between $H=0$ and $4\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ and then decreases by 65% between 4 and $18\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. Similarly, the $A$ coefficient increases with the field from $\ensuremath{-}77\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}29\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{cm}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ between $H=0$ and $7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$ and then decreases to $18\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{cm}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ for $18\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{T}$. This nontrivial temperature and field variation is attributed to the existence of a very narrow Kondo-hole band in the hybridization gap, which pins the Fermi energy. Due to disorder, the Kondo-hole band has localized states close to the band edges. The resistivity for $x=0.1$ has a qualitatively similar behavior to that of $x=0.02$ but with a larger Kondo-hole band.
Autonomous tracking of chemical plumes developed in both diffusive and turbulent airflow environments using Petri nets

A generalized CPT algorithm under both airflow environments is developed.A PN model is utilized to model the expert knowledge of chemical plumes.93.8% of source localization rate is achieved under a turbulent airflow environment.87.5% of source localization rate is achieved under a diffusive airflow environment. This paper presents a Petri net model for autonomous tracking of chemical plumes developed in both diffusive and turbulent airflow environments. It has been challenging to develop a generalized algorithm to effectively trace both types of chemical plumes due to the significant differences of their kinetic and dynamic properties. Our idea is to utilize a Petri net to model the change relationships of chemical concentrations acquired by two sensors mounted on the both sides of a DaNI robot during a tracing process. Because the relationships imply the effects of flow variation on chemical puffs, a flow sensor is eliminated. To express and maintain the knowledge of chemical concentration changes using the Petri net, we design a mapping algorithm for generating the Petri net from production rules. The Petri net model is implemented on the robot using LabVIEW. The chemical plume tracing experiments achieve 93.8% and 87.5% of source localization rates under both turbulent and diffusive airflow environments, respectively.
Incipient and hidden caries.

1. Defining, Classifying and Placing Small Carious Lesions in Perspective (Mount) 2. Quantified Laser Fluorscence (Stookey) 3. Utility of Radiology, Laser Fluorescence and Transillumination (Yang) 4. Association of Diet with Dental Caries in Preschool Children (Tinanoff) 5. Preventive Resin Restorations and Sealants in Light of Current Evidence (Simonsen) 6. Conservative Operative Techniques (Strassler) 7. Bonding and Curing Considerations for Treating Small and Hidden Caries (Latta) 8. Early Caries Imaging and Monitoring with Optical Coherence Tomography and Near-IR Transillumination (Fried) 9. New Non-Surgical Treatment Modalities Applicable to Small and Hidden Caries (Thompson) 10. Dental Hygiene Participation in Managing Small and Hidden Caries (Barnes) 11. Treatment Decisions and Conservation of Tooth Structure (Dennison) 12. Conservative Operative Management Strategies (McComb)
The Road Ahead for Arms Control

The momentum that drove arms control in the 1990s is dissipating. Challenges lie ahead, but since arms control cannot be taken for granted, what should we do?
Response functions and superfluid density in a weakly interacting Bose gas with nonquadratic dispersion

Motivated by the experimental search for Bose condensation of quasiparticles in semiconductors, the response functions of a weakly interacting Bose gas, with isotropic but nonquadratic dispersion, are considered. Nonquadratic dispersion modifies the definition of particle current, and leads to modified sum rules for the current-current response function. The effect of these modifications on the Berezhinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition is discussed.
Investigation of Amine-Catalyzed Gas Phase Adsorption Silylation Reactions with Alkoxysilanes

Abstract The use of amine catalysis for the reaction of alkoxysilanes to siliceous substrates has been applied to gas phase reactions. The amine is adsorbed onto the substrate from the vapor phase. Alkoxysilanes also applied from the gas phase undergo direct condensation with surface silanols to form siloxane bonds.
Increased exhaled nitric oxide in chronic bronchitis: comparison with asthma and COPD.

Study objectives To test the hypothesis that exhaled nitric oxide (NO) is increased in patients with chronic bronchitis, and to compare the results with exhaled NO in patients with asthma and COPD. Study design Cross-sectional survey. Setting and patients Veterans Administration pulmonary function laboratory. Patients (n = 179) were recruited from 234 consecutive patients. Two nonsmoking control groups of similar age, with normal spirometry measurements and no lung disease, were used (18 patient control subjects and 20 volunteers). Measurements Participants completed questionnaires and spirometry testing. Exhaled NO was measured by chemiluminescence using a single-breath exhalation technique. Results Current smoking status was associated with reduced levels of exhaled NO (smokers, 9.2 ± 0.9 parts per billion [ppb]; never and ex-smokers, 14.3 ± 0.6 ppb; p Conclusions Exhaled NO is increased in patients with chronic bronchitis. The increase of exhaled NO in patients with chronic bronchitis was similar to that seen in patients with asthma. The highest mean exhaled NO occurred in patients with both chronic bronchitis and asthma. Exhaled NO was not increased in patients with COPD. Although chronic bronchitis and asthma have distinct histopathologic features, increased exhaled NO in patients with both diseases suggests common features of inflammation.
Early history (1936--1946) of nuclear medicine in thyroid studies at Massachusetts General Hospital.

A recounting of the beginnings of nuclear medicine is given with a review of thyroid studies at Massachusetts General Hospital using radioactive iodine. (AIP)
Correction of contrast in projection systems by means of phase-controlled prism coatings and band-shifted twist compensators

Projectors that use LCOS lightvalves face special contrast requirements. Most configurations for reflective light valves employ tilted beam-dividing coatings that see both bright and dark polarization states. The optics must then be designed to eliminate polarization mixing at these coatings, which ordinarily arises when the S and P planes for different rays are non-parallel. We show how phase- controlled coatings can exploit the double-pass symmetry of the Plumbicon tri-prism geometry to correct this effect, reducing cross-polarized reflectivity to approximately 1E-3 when the light valve is mirror-like in black-state. Though contrast in different rays varies as a function of both ray skew component and coating angle of incidence, we show that for NA <EQ 0.2 the computation involved in calculating beam contrast is essentially equivalent to tracing a single ray. Light valves that use a normally-black TN mode exhibit a non-mirror-like phase dispersion in their black-state, complicating contrast control in the optics. Scatter depolarization at the edges of pixel electrodes is enhanced in these light valves, because the inherent twist causes the backplane polarization to be rotated out of alignment with pixel edges. We show that all of these contrast degradation mechanisms can be addressed by incorporating into the light valve a compensating layer having opposite birefringence to the black-state TN active layer. Moreover, when the compensating layer and driven layer are blue-shifted to a shorter LC thickness than would ordinarily be appropriate for the wavelength band of interest, a highly achromatic response is obtained at all gray levels.
Induction of human breast cell carcinogenesis by triclocarban and intervention by curcumin

Abstract More than 85% of breast cancers are sporadic and attributable to long-term exposure to environmental carcinogens and co-carcinogens. To identify co-carcinogens with abilities to induce cellular pre-malignancy, we studied the activity of triclocarban (TCC), an antimicrobial agent commonly used in household and personal care products. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, that chronic exposure to TCC at physiologically-achievable nanomolar concentrations resulted in progressive carcinogenesis of human breast cells from non-cancerous to pre-malignant. Pre-malignant carcinogenesis was measured by increasingly-acquired cancer-associated properties of reduced dependence on growth factors, anchorage-independent growth and increased cell proliferation, without acquisition of cellular tumorigenicity. Long-term TCC exposure also induced constitutive activation of the Erk–Nox pathway and increases of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. A single TCC exposure induced transient induction of the Erk–Nox pathway, ROS elevation, increased cell proliferation, and DNA damage in not only non-cancerous breast cells but also breast cancer cells. Using these constitutively- and transiently-induced changes as endpoints, we revealed that non-cytotoxic curcumin was effective in intervention of TCC-induced cellular pre-malignancy. Our results lead us to suggest that the co-carcinogenic potential of TCC should be seriously considered in epidemiological studies to reveal the significance of TCC in the development of sporadic breast cancer. Using TCC-induced transient and constitutive endpoints as targets will likely help identify non-cytotoxic preventive agents, such as curcumin, effective in suppressing TCC-induced cellular pre-malignancy.
An embryo-associated fatty acid-binding protein in the filarial nematode Brugia malayi

Brugia malayi is a filarial nematode parasite that causes lymphatic filariasis, a disease that affects millions of people in the tropics. Sexual reproduction of filarial worms occurs within the lymphatic vessels of the human host and is crucial for transmission of the parasite to the mosquito vector. We have previously identified several B. malayi genes that exhibit apparent gender-specific expression. One of these had significant sequence similarity to the Ascaris suum embryo-associated fatty acid binding protein, As-p18. The full length cDNA for the B. malayi female-associated fatty acid binding protein (Bm-FAB-1) encodes a 17.8 kDa protein (excluding a signal peptide) with 70% sequence identity with mature As-p18 and significant similarity to Caenorhabditis elegans and mammalian fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Antibodies raised to Bm-FAB-1 bound to developing embryos within female worms, especially around early embryo cells and the surfaces of immature worms within eggs. Functional studies showed that recombinant Bm-FAB-1 binds to several long chain fatty acids including oleate, but not retinol. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bm-FAB-1 is a member of an unusual nematode-specific, secreted lipid binding protein family. The existence of a novel class of lipid binding proteins in nematode embryos raises the possibility that drugs targeting these proteins could be developed with broad activity against nematode parasites of medical and veterinary importance.
TO REINSCRIBE REMORSE ON A LANDSCAPE

One aspect of apartheid was its politics of meaning, i.e. to control the language of its supporters and its victims. This paper outlines the invention of a language of remorselessness, especially in Afrikaans culture, to this effect (II). Resistance to this ethos of remorselessness was not long in coming, but the struggle to liberate (at least the Afrikaans) language to remorse through its literature (III) was an uphill path. Part of that struggle was to rediscover Afrikaans as the language of the suppressed beyond Afrikaans as the language of the oppressor. For the time being, writers reflect on this process itself, in order to invent ways to express remorse through a new language (IV) to assist a country to heal its scars and to reconcile it with its past and its inhabitants with one another. In this regard, Antjie Krog's Country of My Skull is an appropriate summation of a tendency that has been taking shape in Afrikaans over the last sixty or so years, i.e. to reinscribe remorse on a landscape. South Africa in the last years of the second millennium can aptly be described as a 'landscape [...] filled with misunderstanding'. If the events of 1994 have changed a social system of legally enforced injustice to a political culture founded on universal rights, the historical legacy of the traumas of apartheid in the lives of all South Africans will remain something profoundly disturbing to be dealt with in years to come. To be able to deal with the persisting and ugly legacy of the past, one has to understand among many things, something of the roots of the evil of apartheid. One aspect of apartheid was its politics of meaning, i.e. to control the language of its supporters and its victims. This paper outlines the invention of a language of remorselessness, especially in Afrikaans culture, to this effect (II). Resistance to this ethos of remorselessness was not long in coming, but the struggle to liberate (at least the Afrikaans) language to remorse through its literature (III) was an uphill path. Part of that struggle was to rediscover Afrikaans as the language of the suppressed beyond Afrikaans as the language of the oppressor. For the time being, writers reflect on this process itself, in order to invent ways to express remorse through a new language (IV) to assist a country to heal its scars and to reconcile it with its past and its inhabitants with one another. © Oxford University Press 1999 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.183 on Thu, 26 May 2016 04:32:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Wage Inequality in the United States During the 1980s: Rising Dispersion or Falling Minimum Wage?

The magnitude of growth in "underlying" wage inequality in the United States during the 1980s is obscured by a concurrent decline in the federal minimum wage, which itself could cause an increase in observed wage inequality. This study uses regional variation in the relative level of the federal minimum wage to separately identify the impact of the minimum wage from nationwide growth in "latent" wage dispersion during the 1980s. The analysis suggests that the minimum wage can account for much of the rise in dispersion in the lower tail of the wage distribution, particularly for women.
Anabolic steroids induce injury and apoptosis of differentiated skeletal muscle

Apoptosis is an active form of cellular death, or suicide, which plays an important physiologic role during organ development and in cellular turnover in differentiated tissues. Apoptosis has also been demonstrated to occur in several organs in response to hypoxic/ischemic, oxidative, or drug-induced injury and is thus involved in disease pathogenesis. However, it is generally assumed that apoptosis does not occur in differentiated skeletal muscle. Apoptosis has been demonstrated in differentiated myocardial muscle, neonatal skeletal muscle, and skeletal myoblasts in response to injury. We therefore studied differentiated murine C2 skeletal muscle cells that have been injured by supraphysiologic doses (>10 microM) of an anabolic steroid, stanozolol. Stanozolol-injured muscle cells exhibited pathologic features suggestive of apoptosis: cytoplasmic shrinkage and chromatin condensation. Muscle cells also showed positive in situ nick-end labeling of nuclear chromatin, indicating DNA strand breakage. Staining with the DNA-binding dye 33342 (bisbenzimide) also showed chromatin changes characteristic of apoptotic nuclei. Total protein levels measured at 4 and 24 hr post-stanozolol injury was not significantly decreased, indicating absence of cell lysis. Cellular ATP levels (nmol ATP/mg protein) of stanozolol-injured muscle cells, measured 4 and 24 hr postinjury, also did not change significantly. In contrast, necrotic muscle cells, injured by the calcium ionophore A23187 (2 microM), showed a progressive decline in total protein and ATP levels. This study supports two other histologic studies that showed evidence of apoptosis in differentiated skeletal muscle fibers. Our data further suggest that during the early stages of apoptosis, but not necrosis, cellular energy metabolism is preserved.
Reliability and validity of Izard's Differential Emotions Scale

Abstract Izard's Differential Emotions Scale (DES) was administered to 204 University of Delaware undergraduates under each of four imaginal mood-induction conditions (labelled: General Depression, Curiosity, Specific Depression and Anxiety) and an actual pre-exam condition. A factor analysis of DES items supported the construct validity of some subscales. A repeated-measures multiple discriminant function analysis indicated that two-thirds of the DES items discriminated between the five conditions—an extremely stringent test of item validity. It was suggested, however, that refinement of the DES should attempt to decrease item redundancy (internal consistency) by re-establishing the instrument on a broader base of adjectives descriptive of fundamental emotions.