cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optical memory effect in ZnO nanowire based organic bulk heterojunction devices

Due to the required established field to separate photogenerated electrons and holes, the current- voltage (I-V) characteristic in almost all photovoltaic devices in dark is an exponential curve. Upon illumination, the shape of the curve remains almost the same, but the current shifts due to the photocurrent. Also, because of the lack of any storage mechanism, the I-V curve returns to the dark characteristic immediately after light cessation. Here, we are reporting a case study performed on a photo-electric memory effect in an organic bulk hetrojuction device made of ZnO nanowires as the electron transport layer under ambient conditions and within a sealed transfer box filled with nitrogen. The I-V characteristic in dark and light showed a unique change from a rectifying response in dark to a resistive behavior in light. Additionally, after light cessation, a memory effect was observed with a slow transition from the resistive to rectifying response same as the original dark characteristic. The memory effect and its I-V characteristics were tested for the two cases. For practical applications as a photo memory device, further experiments are required to gain a better understanding of the mechanism behind the observed memory effect for the two different cases.
Understanding peptide biology: The discovery and characterization of the novel hormone, neuronostatin☆

The Human Genome Project provided the opportunity to use bioinformatic approaches to discover novel, endogenous hormones. Using this approach we have identified two novel peptide hormones and review here our strategy for the identification and characterization of the hormone, neuronostatin. We describe in this mini-review our strategy for determining neuronostatin's actions in brain, heart and pancreas. More importantly, we detail our deductive reasoning strategy for the identification of a neuronostatin receptor and our progress in establishing the physiological relevance of the peptide.
Operating a Member-Employing Therapeutic Business as Part of an Alternative Mental Health Center

The promises of deinstitutionalization have not been kept for unemployed chronically mentally ill people. This article describes an innovative community support program--a nonprofit therapeutic member-run business. Rainbow Services provides opportunities for adults with chronic mental health problems to learn marketable job skills and necessary social skills through participation in various work settings. On-site job training, vocational education, socialization, and job counseling are offered. Thirteen years of business success demonstrate that chronically mentally ill people can function productively in the community. The features of the business are related to beliefs and values familiar to early settlement house workers and social activists and support social work's claim to leadership in working with this population.
Determining an Acceptable Value of λc for Multi-Diameter and Multi-Thickness Pressure Vessels

In Code Case 2286-1, λc , the slenderness factor for column buckling, plays a major role in determining the allowable buckling stress, Fca . For λc > 0.15, consideration of column buckling is required but does not include end forces due to external pressure. A reduction factor, RF, based on λc is calculated to determine the allowable buckling stress. Conversely, for λc ≤ 0.15, consideration of column buckling is not required but axial force due to external pressure is included. In this paper the authors provide a method of determining an acceptable value of λc for multi-diameter and multi-thickness pressure vessels.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Enrichment of excess 210Po in anoxic ponds.

We have investigated the cycling of naturally occurring 210 Po in waters from seasonally anoxic Pond B (South Carolina) and permanently anoxic Jellyfish Lake (Palau Islands, western Pacific Ocean). The maximum 210 Po activity in Pond B was about 14 mBq L -1 during summer. This activity was much higher than its parent 210 Pb activity, indicating excess 210 °Po inputs from bottom sediments. The summertime excess 210 Po activity was accompanied by increases in Fe and Mn, suggesting 210 Po diffusion from bottom sediments under reducing conditions. Activity of 210 Po was much lower under winter oxic conditions, most likely a consequence of efficient coprecipitation with Fe and Mn oxides that occurs with destruction of Pond B stratification. In permanently anoxic Jellyfish Lake, the maximum activity of 210 Po was 133 mBq L -1 , among the highest reported from any surface aqueous environment. A box model suggests that the release of only 2% of 210 Po, produced from the 210 Pb in the bottom sediments, would account for the observed excess. Our results suggest that 210 Po can be naturally enriched in anoxic environments to a high level, perhaps in concert with the Fe and Mn redox cycles.
Defining a Population of Stem-like Human Prostate Cancer Cells That Can Generate and Propagate Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Purpose: We have shown that the phenotypically undifferentiated (PSA-/lo) prostate cancer (PCa) cell population harbors long-term self-renewing cancer stem cells (CSCs) that resist castration and a subset of the cells within PSA-/lo population bearing the ALDHhiCD44+α2β1+ phenotype (Triple Marker+/TM+) is capable of robustly initiating xenograft tumors in castrated mice. The goal of the current project is to further characterize the biological properties of TM+ PCa cell population, particularly in the context of initiating and propagating CRPC. Experimental Design: The in vivo CSC activities were measured by limiting-dilution serial tumor transplantation assays in both androgen-dependent (AD) and androgen-independent (AI) PCa xenograft models. In vitro clonal, clonogenic and sphere-formation assays were conducted in cells purified from xenograft and patient tumors. qPCR, Western blot, lentiviral-mediated gene knockdown, and human microRNA arrays were performed for mechanistic studies. Results: By focusing on LAPC9 model, we show that the TM+ cells are CSCs with both tumor-initiating and tumor-propagating abilities for CRPC. Moreover, primary patient samples have TM+ cells, which possess CSC activities in 9castrated9 culture conditions. Mechanistically, we find that 1) the phenotypic markers are causally involved in CRPC development; 2) the TM+ cells preferentially express castration resistance and stem cell-associated molecules that regulate their CSC characteristics; and 3) the TM+ cells possess distinct microRNA expression profiles and miR-499-5p functions as an oncomir. Conclusions: Our results define the TM+ PCa cells as a population of pre-existent stem-like cancer cells that can both mediate and propagate CRPC and highlight the TM+ cell population as a therapeutic target.
Long‐Term Trends in Black and White Mortality in the Rural United States: Evidence of a Race‐Specific Rural Mortality Penalty

Purpose The rural mortality penalty—growing disparities in rural-urban macro-level mortality rates—has persisted in the United States since the mid 1980s. Substantial intrarural differences exist: rural places of modest population size, close to urban areas, experience a greater mortality burden than the most rural locales. This research builds on recent findings by examining whether a race-specific rural mortality penalty exists; that is, are some rural areas more detrimental to black and/or white mortality than others? Methods Using data from the Compressed Mortality File from 1968 to 2012, we calculate annual age-adjusted, race-specific mortality rates for all rural-urban regions designated by the Rural-Urban Continuum Codes. Indicators for population, socioeconomic status, and health infrastructure, as a proxy for access to care, are used as predictors of race-specific mortality in multivariable regression models. Findings Three important results emerge from this analysis: (1) there is a substantial mortality disadvantage for both black and white rural Americans, (2) the most advantageous regions of mortality for blacks exhibit higher mortality than the most disadvantageous regions for whites, and (3) access to health care is a much stronger predictor of white mortality than black mortality. Conclusions The rural mortality penalty is evident in race-specific mortality trends over time, with an added disadvantage in black mortality. The rate of mortality improvement for rural blacks and whites lags behind their same-race, urban counterparts, creating a diverging gap in race-specific mortality trends in rural America.
UAV Data Links Variable Structure Against Attacks Guidance Law Research

In the course of UCAV approach to the enemy plane,tradition proportion guidance law is easy to let our plane into the scopes of target fire attack. And the beast coefficient of tradition proportion lead law is related to the target and UCAV's distance. If the target moves with high acceleration or is disturbed,the attack result will become bad. For resolving these questions,a method was given based on data link variable structure adaptive opposed guidance law and make a simulation was made. The simulation result shows that the method not only evades guidance our plane into target fire attack scope,but also reduces the overload of the UCAV,improves guiding precision,velocity and robust,restricts the line of sight angle's speed.
Research on open source data exchange standard BITXML of IoT

Remote control of electronic equipments has become an increasingly urgent requirement with the wireless sensor technology and IoT widely used. BITXML developed by bitx Inc. is an open protocol for communication between machines based on XML. A research on open source data exchange standard BITXML is made in this paper and also discussed are middleware data interchange and processing standards.
Erythropoietin Use in the Critical Care Setting

Biotechnology products signify a major advancement in our world today. Products resulting from biotechnology will revolutionize how health care is delivered. One of these technologic breakthroughs is recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin). Its impact on the delivery of care to the anemic renal patient is changing the roles of nurses who provide care for these patients. Epoetin alfa has virtually eliminated the necessity of transfusions in the renal patient population, while simultaneously improving the quality of life for those patients and their families. To appropriately monitor the patient receiving epoetin therapy, the nurse must understand iron physiology and metabolism, factors that influence blood pressure, and factors that can blunt the response to epoetin therapy, and still appreciate the individual nursing requirements of each patient. Such juggling of information demands that the critical care nurse be alert to the subtle changes occurring within the patient, thereby allowing sound decisions based on astute nursing assessment.
Pathophysiology of the aging kidney.

It is the alterations in renal function associated with age that necessitate physicians treating geriatric patients to have an understanding of the fragile senescent kidney. This article examines the physiologic impact of the aging kidney on homeostasis and includes a discussion of altered pharmacodynamics occurring with impaired renal function. We also discuss the limitations of various quantitative methods of measuring renal function and present several “bedside techniques” for the assessment of renal function.
Identifying new temporal coordination requirements for calendar systems through a temporal structure lens

Temporal structures have been argued to be an important element of business affecting both the processes that are undertaken within an organization and the overall productivity of the organization and its members. As such, organizations should engage in temporal coordination planning in order to ensure that previously ad hoc temporal structures are streamlined and used to enhance and integrate business processes. This research is at the task analysis stage in the development of such temporal coordination systems. Forty interviews with management, exploring the types of temporal structures used in temporal coordination process, were conducted to capture preliminary functional requirements for temporal coordination systems. The temporal structure difficulties uncovered in this research are used to suggest modifications to current emerging electronic temporal coordination systems, e.g., the personal and collaborative electronic calendar systems. We summarize by giving a set of new requirements that can be used by designers to build the temporal system of the future. Introduce an innovative perspective temporal structures for electronic calendar design.Use a qualitative field study to demonstrate the existence of various temporal structures.Propose new designs to the current calendaring and coordination systems.
Ten-Year Synthesis Review: A Baccalaureate Program in Computer Forensics

This study is a ten-year synthesis review on running a baccalaureate program in computer forensics at a public university in the states. As an emerging field in technology as well as in law and legal systems, computer forensics has established its own position in the modern society. Although there are many similarities to introducing a new product or starting up a new company, having a new four-year program in a cutting edge field out of ground and running presents different hurdles and unique challenges. Based on the analysis and assessment on how a baccalaureate program in computer forensics has been implemented at a public university for last ten years, lessons learned and recommendations made in the paper are helpful to those who are currently running or about to begin offering or thinking to propose a similar program in an emerging technology field. While the technology never stops advancing, the higher education should continue updating its curricula to prepare its students in adapting to and thriving in this ever changing world.
Impact of grasshoppers and an invasive grass on establishment and initial growth of restoration plant species

Exotic plant invasion can have dramatic impacts on native plants making restoration of native vegetation at invaded sites challenging. Though invasives may be superior competitors, it is possible their dominance could be enhanced by insect herbivores if native plants are preferred food sources. Insect herbivory can regulate plant populations, but little is known of its effects in restoration settings. There is a need to better understand relationships between insect herbivores and invasive plants with regard to their combined potential for impacting native plant establishment and restoration success. The objective of this study was to assess impacts of grasshopper herbivory and the invasive grass Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) on mortality and growth of 17 native plant species used in restoration of critical sagebrush steppe ecosystems. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted using moderate densities of a common, generalist pest grasshopper (Melanoplus bivittatus). Grasshoppers had stronger and more consistent impacts on native restoration plants in field and greenhouse studies than cheatgrass. After 6 weeks in the greenhouse, grasshoppers were associated with 36% mortality over all native restoration species compared to 2% when grasshoppers were absent. Herbivory was also associated with an approximately 50% decrease in native plant biomass. However, effects varied among species. Artemisia tridentata, Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, and Coreopsis tinctoria were among the most negatively impacted, while Oenothera pallida, Pascopyrum smithii, and Leymus cinerus were unaffected. These findings suggest restoration species could be selected to more effectively establish and persist within cheatgrass infestations, particularly when grasshopper populations are forecasted to be high.
Integrating religion and the arts : Developing a discourse

Le travail de decouverte et de developpement d'un discours approprie pour promouvoir l'unification et l'integration de la connaissance est en rapport avec la quatrieme etape du programme URAM (nom du journal), a savoir une investigation et une etude reflechies, structurelles et systematiques de la matiere URAM decouverte dans ce journal. Le present article parle de deux initiatives institutionnelles recentes au sein de l'education superieure contemporaine - l'Institut des jesuites pour les Etudes Interdisciplinaires et l'Association pour l'Unification et l'Integration de la Connaissance - qui visent a soulever et aborder les conclusions relatives a un langage interdisciplinaire et academique. Puis il explore un discours qui peut aider a commencer l'integration de la religion a la litterature.
Tetrazolyl Triazolotriazine: A New Insensitive High Explosive

A triazolotriazine carbonitrile (1) was formed by diazotization of 3-amino-5-cyano-1,2,4-triazole followed by treatment with nitroacetonitrile. Cyclization of the C≡N bond with sodium azide results in a tetrazolyl triazolotriazine (2). Formation of the sodium salt of 2, followed by metathesis with [PPN][Cl] resulted in the organic salt 3. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared, 1H, and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and 1 and 3 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 2 has a density of 1.819 g cm−1, is thermally stable up to 305 °C, and is insensitive to impact, friction, and electrical discharge. The detonation pressure and velocity of 2 are calculated to be 27.04 GPa and 8.312 km s−1, respectively, making this a 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) replacement candidate.
Crossing the Lines: African-Americans in the New York City Region during the British Occupation, 1776-1783

Evert Byvanck waited until he could actually hear the Battle of New York before vacating his country house in August 1776. He had taken the precaution of moving out of his city residence before the cannon thundered from across the East River. Now, on August 31, Byvanck realized that his person and possessions would not even be safe at his Corlear s Hook country estate. Consequently his slaves, Sam, Cato, and Prince, loaded up Byvanck's skiff with two chests of clothes, one box of earthenware, one box of periwigs, and a bundle of clothes for themselves. They sailed up the river to Harlem where the three slaves hauled the boatload of articles to a gentleman's house near the slip. Next morning, Byvanck dispatched Sam and Cato to help Byvanck's son move his household to the new family refuge at Horseneck, Connecticut. The elder Byvanck instructed his remaining slave, Prince, to load a cart with his masters small trunk, the master's son's books, and a treasured spy glass, after which master and slave proceeded to Horseneck. Once they had arrived in Connecticut, Byvanck sent Cato with a bundle of clothes to his wife and child at Alexander Forbush's house in Hackensack, New Jersey, where Cato was to work for his victuals until Byvanck needed him. With Cato gone, and Prince busy setting up the new household, Byvanck had to hire a Negro man named Jack to accompany Sam and his eldest son to Manhattan,where they were to retrieve chests of clothes, two feather beds, furniture, linens, guns, powderhorns, saddles, bridles, and Byvanck's sword. Sam had hardly returned from that excursion when he turned around again toward Manhattan, this time with the elder Byvanck, to gather up yet more of the contents of the country house. By the time they left on this trip, the war had reached their once-tranquil country retreat. A heavy cannonade peppered the Evert estate with shot and ball. Byvanck climbed over the back fence and crept up to the house to find the overseer and his family taking shelter behind the building. With much prodding, the overseer ventured down to unlock the back gate so that Sam and the wagon could come up to the house. Whether crouching on top of the rig or leading the cart by the horse's reins, Sam made a clear target for the guns across the river. Yet the cannon's fire was imprecise, and so the slave and cart negotiated a cratered field with no incident. Next day, Sam drove Byvanck into the now quiet city, where the slave ran errands while his master got a shave and had his wig dressed. Byvanck bought a quarter mutton and "lett Sam carry it to my House." But no sooner had the turnips and other greens
Cost-minimization analysis of intravenous adenosine and dipyridamole in thallous chloride TI 201 SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging

OBJECTIF: Realiser une analyse de minimisation des couts lies a l'utilisation d'adenosine et de dipyridamole intraveineux lors d'etudes de perfusion myocardique par tomoscintigraphie a simple emission (SPECT) au thallium-201. DEVIS EXPERIMENTAL: Analyse ouverte et retrospective de minimisation de couts. LIEU DE L'ETUDE: Hopital universitaire, clinique externe de medecine nucleaire. PATIENTS: Quatre-vingt-trois patients subissant un SPECT au T1-201 avec dipyridamole et 166 patients subissant le meme examen avec adenosine. MESURES DE L'EFFET: Une analyse de minimisation de couts a ete realisee en comptabilisant les couts directs, estimant ainsi les frais institutionnels. Pour les fins de l'etude, on a assume que la sensibilite et la specificite du SPECT au dipyridamole et a l'adenosine etaient identiques. Les couts evalues incluaient les couts d'acquisition, d'administration, de monitorage, de traitement des effets secondaires, de suivi, et de repetition des tests. RESULTATS: L'adenosine a accelere le frequence cardiaque et diminue la tension arterielle significativement plus que le dipyridamole. La frequence d'effets indesirables etait comparable entre l'adenosine (1.64 + 1.32 effet indesirable par patient) et le dipyridamole (1.36 + 1.23 effet indesirable par patient) (p = 0.103). L'incidence de reactions adverses d'apparition tardive ou de duree prolongee etait significativement plus grande avec le dipyridamole qu'avec l'adenosine (p < 0.001). La frequence d'effets adverses necessitant des soins medicaux etait superieure avec le dipyridamole (24%) compare a l'adenosine (5%) (p < 0.00001). Les couts totaux etaient significativement moindres avec l'adenosine (5378.50 + SI 28.20 par patient) comparee au dipyridamole ($485.60 ± $230.40). Malgre so cout d'acquisition plus eleve que celui du dipyridamole (p < 0.0001), l'adenosine presente des couts significativement moindres d'administration, de monitorage, et relies aux effets adverses. CONCLUSIONS: Le cout d'utilisation du dipyridamole est significativement plus eleve que celui de l'adenosine et ce, malgre le cout superieur d'acquisition de l'adenosine. L'emploi d'adenosine est plus economique a cause de frais inferieurs d'administration, de monitorage, et de traitement des effets indesirables. L'adenosine devrait etre l'agent de premier choix pour l'induction pharmacologique de vasodilatation lors d'etudes de perfusion myocardique.
Optical metabolic imaging of colorectal adenocarcinoma derived organoids: assessing cellular-level resistance to therapy (Conference Presentation)

Locally advanced adenocarcinomas located in the distal rectum are commonly treated via 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT). The occurrence of pre-operative pathological complete response, or the absence of any histological evidence of residual cancer, is seen in 15-27% of rectal cancer cases. Response to chemotherapeutic agents varies between patients, introducing the need for a system to predict optimal drug combinations. We propose a method of utilizing optical metabolic imaging of in vitro, primary tumor-derived, three-dimensional organoid culture to create specific drug sensitivity profiles, and to rapidly assess a patient’s potential response to drugs. Murine xenografts were developed in Swiss athymic nude mice, using human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, implanted in the flank (RKO, ATCC). Tumors were excised upon reaching a volume of 500mm3 and processed for organoid culture. Organoids were subjected to longitudinal metabolic imaging of metabolic cofactors FAD and NADH for seven days. The resulting images were used to yield an optical redox value on a cell-by-cell basis, determined by the fluorescence intensity ratio of FAD/(FAD+NADH). This data infers proliferative index of the organoids. Beginning on day three, a control vehicle dimethyl sulfoxide, or the cytotoxic agent 5-FU, was added to the organoid growth media in wells, with metabolic imaging performed the same as previously stated. The optical redox values decreased due to the addition of 5-FU, which targets rapidly dividing cells and induces apoptosis. The changes in the optical redox histograms were correlated to markers of cell proliferation (Ki-67) and apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3).
Characterization of bone only metastasis (BOM) patients (pts) with respect to tumor subtypes (TS).

1072Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) pts with BOM are a unique population with limited characterization. Our goal was to characterize the TS of BOM pts, evaluating differences in sites and types of bone metastases (BM), treatment, and survival. Methods: We identified pts followed at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 01/01/1997 to 12/31/2015 for at least 6 months with a BOM diagnosis as first site of metastasis (met). TS was assessed by initial biopsy immunohistochemistry (IHC) (Table 1) with hormone receptor (HR) + defined as ER or PR >10%. Results: We identified 1445 pts with BOM, 1049 with initial biopsy IHC available to group into TS (Table 1). Among BOM pts, the majority had multiple BM at diagnosis (1141/79%), most in both the axial (Ax) and appendicular (App) skeleton (53%). Of the 808 pts with BM categorized on imaging at diagnosis, the majority were lytic (389/48%), with 21% sclerotic, 18% mixed, and 12% blastic. Time from breast cancer diagnosis to first met differed significantly by TS, χ...
Predictors of complications and readmission following spinal stereotactic radiosurgery

Aim: to identify preoperative factors associated with morbidity/mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), 30-day readmission and operation rates following spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for spinal tumors. Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program was queried from 2012 to 2014 to identify patients undergoing SRS for spinal tumors. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors. Results: 2714 patients were identified; 6.8% had major morbidity or mortality, 6.9% were readmitted within 30 days and 4.3% had a subsequent operation within 30 days. Age, BMI and American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) class were predictive of LOS. Major morbidity was predicted by age >80, BMI >35, high ASA, pretreatment functional dependence and baseline comorbidities. Predictors of operation within 30 days included preoperative steroid use, renal failure, BMI >35 and if the treatment was nonelective. Discussion: 4–7% of patients undergoing SRS for spinal tumors have morbid...
External fixation and surgical fusion for pediatric cervical spine injuries: Short-term outcomes.

Abstract Objective To compare in-hospital complication rates in pediatric patients with atlantoaxial and subaxial injuries undergoing either external fixation or surgical fusion. Patients and methods Baseline and outcome data were obtained from the 2002–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) for patients under the age of 18 with a diagnosis of cervical spine fracture without spinal cord injury or cervical spine subluxation. Patients who underwent external immobilization or internal fixation were included for analysis. Variables analyzed included length of stay, in-hospital mortality, discharge disposition, total hospital charges, and development of at least one in-hospital complication. Results A total of 2878 pediatric patients with cervical spine injury were identified; 1462 patients (50.8%) with atlantoaxial (C1-2) injury and 1416 (49.2%) with subaxial (C3-7) injury. Among atlantoaxial injury patients, external fixation was associated with lower total charges ($73,786 vs. $98,158, p = .040) and a lower likelihood of developing at least one complication (1.9% vs. 6.8%, p = .029) compared to surgical fusion, and was a more common treatment for subluxation alone (16.4% vs. 2.6%, p Conclusion Optimal treatment of patients with cervical injury may vary by location of injury. Our findings warrant further investigation into the difference in clinical outcomes between surgical and non-surgical management of atlantoaxial and subaxial injury.
Molecular Imaging: An Introduction

H. Jadvar, H. Jacene, and M. Graham, Eds. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2017, 82 pages, $49.99 Molecular imaging is a relatively recent term. In 2007, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging formed a task force to develop standard definitions for this term and to
Effect of the number of lymph nodes examined on the survival of patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer who undergo sublobar resection.

Abstract Objectives Early stage lung cancer is being detected at a higher frequency with the implementation of screening programs. At the same time, medically complex patients with multiple comorbidities are presenting for surgery, with a concomitant rise in rates of sublobar resection. We sought to examine the effect of sampling lymph nodes on the outcomes of patients who undergo sublobar resection for small ( Methods All patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2013 with small ( 9) with the overall survival as well as disease-specific survival were examined using univariate as well as multivariate analyses while controlling for covariates such as age, size ( 1 cm), grade, histology (adenocarcinoma vs others), and extent of resection (wedge/segmentectomy). Results Data from 3916 eligible patients were analyzed. Seven hundred fifteen patients (18.3%) had segmentectomy. No lymph nodes were examined in 49% and 23% of wedge resection and segmentectomy patients, respectively. Among all eligible patients, 1132 (29%), 474 (12%), 228 (6%), and 328 (8%) patients had 1 to 3, 4 to 6, 7 to 9 and >9 LNE, respectively. Univariate analyses showed significant associations between overall and disease-specific survivals with age, grade, histology, sex, extent of surgery, and LNE. The association between the number of LNE and survival remained significant even after adjusting for significant covariates including extent of sublobar resection (hazard ratio for groups with LNE 1-3, 4-6, 7-9, and >9 compared with 0 LNE were 0.79, 0.77, 0.68, and 0.45 for overall survival; P Conclusions Many patients having sublobar resection for early stage NSCLC in the United States do not have a single lymph node removed for pathologic examination. The number of LNE is associated with improved survival, presumably due to avoidance of mis-staging. This association seems greater than the association with extent of resection (segmentectomy vs wedge resection). Appropriate lymph node examination remains an important part of resection for lung cancer even if the resection is sublobar.
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment.

Objective We describe the characteristics of the 15 patients with fingolimod-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) identified from the Novartis data safety base and provide risk estimates for the disorder. Methods The Novartis safety database was searched for PML cases with a data lock point of August 31, 2017. PML classification was based on previously published criteria. The risk and incidence were estimated using the 15 patients with confirmed PML and the overall population of patients treated with fingolimod. Results As of August 31, 2017, 15 fingolimod-treated patients had developed PML in the absence of natalizumab treatment in the preceding 6 months. Eleven (73%) were women and the mean age was 53 years (median: 53 years). Fourteen of the 15 patients were treated with fingolimod for >2 years. Two patients had confounding medical conditions. Two patients had natalizumab treatment. This included one patient whose last dose of natalizumab was 3 years and 9 months before the diagnosis of PML. The second patient was receiving fingolimod for 4 years and 6 months, which was discontinued to start natalizumab and was diagnosed with PML 3 months after starting natalizumab. Absolute lymphocyte counts were available for 14 of the 15 patients and none exhibited a sustained grade 4 lymphopenia (≤200 cells/μL). Conclusions The risk of PML with fingolimod in the absence of prior natalizumab treatment is low. The estimated risk was 0.069 per 1,000 patients (95% confidence interval: 0.039–0.114), and the estimated incidence rate was 3.12 per 100,000 patient-years (95% confidence interval: 1.75–5.15). Neither clinical manifestations nor radiographic features suggested any unique features of fingolimod-associated PML.
Hydroxyl Radical Fluorescence and Quantum Yield Following Lyman-α Photoexcitation of Water Vapor in a Room Temperature Cell and Cooled in a Supersonic Expansion

Photoexcitation of water by Lyman-α (121.6 nm) induces a dissociation reaction that produces OH(A2Σ+) + H. Despite this reaction being part of numerous studies, a combined understanding of the product and fluorescence yields is still lacking. Here, the rotational and vibrational distributions of OH(A) are determined from dispersed fluorescence following photoexcitation of both room-temperature and jet-cooled water vapor, for the first time in the same experiment. This work compares new data of state-resolved fluorescence with literature molecular branching ratios and brings previous studies into agreement through careful consideration of OH(A) fluorescent and predissociation lifetimes and confirms a fluorescent quantum yield of 8%. Comparison of the room-temperature and jet-cooled OH(A) populations indicate the temperature of H2O prior to excitation has subtle effects on the OH(A) population distribution, such as altering the rotational distribution in the ν′ = 0 population and affecting the population in...
Early and Late Results of Physiotherapy in Burns

The incidence of keloid formation after burns ranges from 6 to 9%. Numerous methods, e.g. atraumatic excision, irradiation (X-ray), local infiltration of corticosteroids with or without excision and cryosurgery, have been applied for the prevention and treatment of keloids with varying success, since the aetiopathogenesis remains obscure. The basic purpose of the application of certain agents of physical therapy is to prevent development of hypertrophic or keloid scar after treatment of the burn. Besides causing poor aesthetic appearance, keloid scars may endanger joint function. The main object of physiotherapy is therefore to make it possible to maintain the full range of movements and function in the affected joints.
The Parent-Teacher Relationship in Pre-School Programs.

Parental involvement is essential to a preschool program. Home intervention is one approach for the provision of services to both parent and child. For the effective delivery of this type of interv...
Religion, Spirituality, and Personal Wisdom: A Tale of Two Types

Against the backdrop of the changing religious and spiritual landscape in the contemporary United States, this chapter explores the relation between religion, spirituality, and personal wisdom and evaluates the various meanings of personal wisdom and their implications for the wisdom-religion nexus. Using longitudinal data from a community sample of Americans born in the 1920s, we report empirical findings on the relations among religion, spirituality, and personal wisdom and present case studies exemplifying two different ways of being wise at a personal level. Our findings point to the complexity of wisdom and demonstrate how both traditional forms of church participation and individuated forms of spiritual seeking tap into different dimensions and manifestations of wisdom. We argue that the positive association between wisdom and both religiousness and spiritual seeking, in part, reflects the fact that personal wisdom, while distinct from either religiousness or spirituality, encompasses multifaceted traits that are inclusive of both self- and other-directed interests.
Equation of motion and vorticity transport

Fluid flow is established in response to an external action mediated by boundary motion, by the application of a surface force, or by the presence of a body force. The evolution of a transient flow and the structure of a steady flow established after an initial start-up period of time are governed by two fundamental principles of thermodynamics and classical mechanics: mass conservation, and Newton’s second law for the motion of a fluid parcel. The implementation of Newton’s law of motion in continuum mechanics leads us to Cauchy’s equation of motion, which provides us with an expression for the point particle acceleration in terms of stresses, and to the vorticity transport equation governing the point particle rotation. The derivation and interpretation of these governing equations in general and specific terms, and their solution for simple flow configurations are discussed in this chapter.
Dichlorotriazinyl Aminofluorescein Inhibits Human Keratocyte Proliferation in Vitro

Purpose Dichlorotriazinyl aminofluorescein (DTAF) has been used to stain corneal stromal collagen as part of in vivo experimentation. Toxicity of this drug, if present, might alter the observed wound healing. To determine if this drug has any deleterious effect on keratocytes, we evaluated it in vitro. Methods Human keratocytes in 96 well plates were exposed to different concentrations of DTAF (10e-7, 10e-6, 10e-5, 10e-4, 10e-3, 10e-2, and 10e-1 mg/ml of media). Exposure times of 1 and 24 hours at each concentration of DTAF were evaluated. The cell number was measured 1 and 3 days after exposure to the drug using a coulter-counter and a hemocytometer. Results The proliferation of keratocytes after 24 hours of exposure to the drug was inhibited in a dose dependent manner by DTAF, but 1 hour exposure of keratocytes to the drug did not inhibit keratocyte proliferation. Conclusion These results suggest that DTAF has inhibitory effects on human keratocyte proliferation after 24 hours of exposure, while exposure limited to 1 hour does not induce such a change.
Adipocyte Development and Experimental Obesity

Abstract Adipose tissue is not only an energy storage depot but also a dynamic endocrine organ that secretes important mediators of systemic metabolism and inflammation. This chapter provides an overview of the developmental, molecular, and physiological mechanisms that regulate adipose tissue growth and function. We then present evidence for disruptions in adipocyte development, lipolysis, lipogenesis, and hormonal signaling in the context of developmentally programmed obesity. Low birth weight (LBW) individuals have abnormal adipose tissue distribution, defects in the regulation of lipolysis, and alterations in several hormonal axes involved in adipocyte physiology. Adipose tissue development is particularly perturbed in LBW infants with accelerated postnatal growth, or “catch-up growth.” Data from a variety of experimental models of programmed obesity have identified mechanisms contributing to several of these alterations. However, the pathophysiology of LBW-associated obesity remains incompletely elucidated, particularly with regard to the role of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipocyte fate and epigenetic regulation of adipose tissue development and function.
Alvin Weinberg and Averting Nuclear War: Defenses and Disarmament

Alvin Weinberg has contributed substantially to the debate over strategic nuclear weapons policy on averting nuclear war. His views over the past 25 years have been remarkably consistent, involving a strong preference for combining defensive systems with offensive disarmament. These principles have placed him at odds with the core of conventional strategic thought in this country, which has argued against the construction of defenses. President Reagan's ''Star Wars'' proposal, however, has led to a rethinking of fundamental first principles, and reintroduced the possibility of defenses. Weinberg's latest contribution to this debate, something he calls ''Defense-Protected Builddown,'' has the potential to be quite influential in guiding future strategic thought.
Mirk/Dyrk1B drives cell survival and proliferation of NSCLC cells interacting with MAPK/ERK pathway

3482 Minibrain-related kinase (Mirk) is a member of the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase (Dyrk)/minibrain family of dual-specificity protein kinases and is identical to Dyrk1B. Mirk/Dyrk1B is a serine/threonine kinase that has been found to be up-regulated in many solid tumors and mediates cell survival in colon, pancreatic ductal carcinomas and rhabdomyosarcomas. Mirk/Dyrk1B can be negatively regulated by mitogenic-activated protein (MAP)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase signaling. As part of a phosphoproteomics screen in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, we identified peptides corresponding to the phosphotyrosine (pY) autophosphorylation site of Mirk/Dyrk1B. Mirk/Dyrk1B immunoprecipitation coupled with anti-pY western blotting confirmed tyrosine phosphorylation of Mirk/Dyrk1B in NSCLC cells. Mirk protein was widely overexpressed in 10 of 15 NSCLC cell lines examined and correlated with the levels of activated ERK by western blot analysis. Knockdown of Mirk by small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in reduction of viable cells and cell apoptosis in 11 of 15 NSCLC cell lines (Group 1). Interestingly, knockdown of Mirk in the other four NSCLC cells (Group 2) resulted in increased cell number. To examine this further, knockdown of Mirk in A549 cells (Group 1) led to increase of PARP cleavage but no changes in activated ERK. In H292 cells (Group 2), Mirk knockdown resulted in increased activation of ERK, increased cyclin D1, reduced p27, and no evidence of cleaved PARP. We hypothesized that the increased activation of ERK after Mirk siRNA treatment may block the anti-proliferative effects of Mirk siRNA in some lines or may counterbalance cell loss through apoptosis. In H292 cells, the increase in cell proliferation induced by Mirk siRNA could be blocked by the MEK inhibitor U0126 in a dose-dependent manner. MEK inhibition abrogated the activation of ERK and subsequent changes in cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1, p27) induced by Mirk knockdown. Combined Mirk siRNA and U0126 induced cell apoptosis in H292 cells. Finally, we found increased Mirk protein levels in cells grown in mitogen-poor conditions (serum starvation and MEK inhibition), suggesting Mirk may mediate cell survival of NSCLC cells in low growth factor conditions. In summary, Mirk is a survival factor for NSCLC cells and may be a novel therapeutic target.
Injured-Seriously! Personal Injuries and Their Mechanisms and Effects

Why do you slow down when you pass an auto accident? We have a natural if morbid curiosity regarding serious injury and its mechanism and effects. Drawing on more than two decades of experience as a personal-injury lawyer, the author addresses the reader’s curiosity about death and serious injury by accident, with a wry account of macabre personal injuries and their mechanisms and effects. In this book, you find everything from car to plane to helicopter crashes, causing broken legs to broken arms to basketball-sized hernias, resulting in both odd and serious impairments right up to death. This book helps you appreciate the severity of injuries, depth of loss, courage of accident survivors, and odd skill of personal-injury lawyers in helping us all live in relative peace with the violent hazards of a technologically advanced society. We sometimes discover the greatest truth and meaning in the hardest places to look, where at the same time we have the greatest curiosity. Find humor, empathy, compassion, righteous outrage, and redemption in the macabre world of torts.
Service-Learning as a Tool to Cultivate Democratically Minded Students: A Conceptual Framework

The field of public administration is intrinsically linked to a substantive experience of democracy and the development of a democratic community. This article employs John Dewey’s constructivist pedagogical approach to make the case that service-learning can be a vehicle to cultivate students’ understanding of democracy as a movement toward a common good. We use the term “real democracy” to describe the ways that substantive practices of Dewey’s communal democracy materialize in today’s public sector. We highlight the concerns “real democracy” presents for public administrators before arguing that Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs are a particularly suitable setting to cultivate Dewey’s constructivist approach to democratic education given that the spirit of the approach is already well-aligned with MPA core competencies. Finally, we present public administration educators with a democratic service-learning conceptual framework that ties together pedagogical goals, service-learning design and outcomes, and Dewey’s constructivist, democratic student experience.
How do people feel about the possibility that a treatment might not outperform simulated and inert treatments

Abstract Background Many treatments in common use are not proved better than simulated or inert treatments. While some clinicians express little concern about whether a particular treatment has a direct effect on the pathophysiology believed to be causing symptoms, we wonder if patients would agree. Questions/purposes Are there factors independently associated with the affirmation that it is OK if a treatment is proved not to outperform simulated or inert treatment (a placebo) measured on an 11-point ordinal scale, including the risk and invasiveness of the treatment? And, are there factors independently associated with the affirmation that the clinician should inform a patient about the degree to which a given treatment is known to outperform simulated or inert treatments? Patients and methods We asked 763 English-speaking people their willingness to accept unproved treatment, depending on variations in risk, and invasiveness and their opinion regarding the importance of clinicians informing them whether a given treatment is proved to outperform simulated and inert (placebo) treatment. Results Acceptance of the unproved treatment was quite low, more so with greater risk and invasiveness. Lower acceptance of unproved treatment was associated with older age, more education, and unemployment. People rated it quite important (mean 7.3 out of 10) that clinicians inform patients if treatments are no better than placebo, no matter the risk of the treatment. Conclusions People want to be informed if a treatment is not proved to outperform nonspecific effects such as the placebo effect. Level of evidence Not applicable.