cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“We Must Put on the Armor of God”: Harry Truman and the Cold War

Truman was both a believer and a practical man. Strongly opinionated and ecumenical at the same time, he aimed to build an international coalition to fight world communism.
Geography of Adolescent Obesity in the U.S., 2007−2011

Introduction Obesity remains a significant threat to the current and long-term health of U.S. adolescents. The authors developed county-level estimates of adolescent obesity for the contiguous U.S., and then explored the association between 23 conceptually derived area-based correlates of adolescent obesity and ecologic obesity prevalence. Methods Multilevel small area regression methods applied to the 2007 and 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health produced county-level obesity prevalence estimates for children aged 10–17 years. Exploratory multivariable Bayesian regression estimated the cross-sectional association between nutrition, activity, and macrosocial characteristics of counties and states, and county-level obesity prevalence. All analyses were conducted in 2015. Results Adolescent obesity varies geographically with clusters of high prevalence in the Deep South and Southern Appalachian regions. Geographic disparities and clustering in observed data are largely explained by hypothesized area-based variables. In adjusted models, activity environment, but not nutrition environment variables were associated with county-level obesity prevalence. County violent crime was associated with higher obesity, whereas recreational facility density was associated with lower obesity. Measures of the macrosocial and relational domain, including community SES, community health, and social marginalization, were the strongest correlates of county-level obesity. Conclusions County-level estimates of adolescent obesity demonstrate notable geographic disparities, which are largely explained by conceptually derived area-based contextual measures. This ecologic exploratory study highlights the importance of taking a multidimensional approach to understanding the social and community context in which adolescents make obesity-relevant behavioral choices.
Electrical Manipulation and Sorting of Cells

Electric fields have been widely used to manipulate cells in microfluidic devices. The versatility and the ease of implementation and fabrication of electric field-based microfluidic systems have made them very popular for a whole host of different biomedical applications. In this chapter, various techniques that are commonly used for manipulating, characterizing, and separating cells in lab-on-a-chip devices and their applications are discussed. Starting from a description of the polarization of a cell and the forces that can act on it in an electric field, the theory that drives different electrokinetic phenomena and the application of these phenomena for on-chip cellular manipulation are herein reviewed. The models that are used to predict the responses of cells in electric fields, as well as techniques commonly used for the numerical modeling of various electrokinetic and electric field-based cellular manipulation techniques, are also detailed. Finally, the electrical modifications of cells in microfluidic devices, specifically electroporation and electrofusion, have been reviewed.
Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Are Caspase Inhibitors

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used drugs in the world. While the role of NSAIDs as cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors is well established, other targets may contribute to anti-inflammation. Here we report caspases as a new pharmacological target for NSAID family drugs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketorolac at physiologic concentrations both in vitro and in vivo. We characterize caspase activity in both in vitro and in cell culture, and combine computational modeling and biophysical analysis to determine the mechanism of action. We observe that inhibition of caspase catalysis reduces cell death and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, NSAID inhibition of caspases is COX independent, representing a new anti-inflammatory mechanism. This finding expands upon existing NSAID anti-inflammatory behaviors, with implications for patient safety and next-generation drug design.
Quantum critical point revisited by dynamical mean-field theory

Dynamical mean-field theory is used to study the quantum critical point (QCP) in the doped Hubbard model on a square lattice. The QCP is characterized by a universal scaling form of the self-energy and a spin density wave instability at an incommensurate wave vector. The scaling form unifies the low-energy kink and the high-energy waterfall feature in the spectral function, while the spin dynamics includes both the critical incommensurate and high-energy antiferromagnetic paramagnons. We use the frequency-dependent four-point correlation function of spin operators to calculate the momentum-dependent correction to the electron self-energy. By comparing with the calculations based on the spin-fermion model, our results indicate the frequency dependence of the quasiparticle-paramagnon vertices is an important factor to capture the momentum dependence in quasiparticle scattering.
Molecular Dissection of CD8+ T-Cell Dysfunction

Chronic viral infections and cancer often lead to the emergence of dysfunctional or ‘exhausted’ CD8+ T cells, and the restoration of their functions is currently the focus of therapeutic interventions. In this review, we detail recent advances in the annotation of the gene modules and the epigenetic landscape associated with T-cell dysfunction. Together with analysis of single-cell transcriptomes, these findings have enabled a deeper and more precise understanding of the transcriptional mechanisms that induce and maintain the dysfunctional state and highlight the heterogeneity of CD8+ T-cell phenotypes present in chronically inflamed tissue. We discuss the relevance of these findings for understanding the transcriptional and spatial regulation of dysfunctional T cells and for the design of therapeutics.
Virtual Reality Using Smart-Devices in Educational Frameworks: Case Study ‑ Museum Casa Batlló

The main aim of this study is to improve the understanding of historical buildings through the use of advanced visual technologies. The main innovative features of the project are focused on the use of mobile and wearable technologies, the indoor location, and their mixed assessment an educational project. We will use smartphones, virtual reality and indoor positioning systems. Both the devices and the users' experience will be assessed with a quantitative and a qualitative approach. The proposal seeks to complement, the real experience of visiting an emblematic space (our case study: the Casa Batllo Museum, 1904-1906, Antonio Gaudi, Barcelona, Spain), in order to improve the spatial skills of architecture students and general visitors of this type of architectural landmarks.
The Archaeology of Israel and Palestine

The geographical scope of this review includes modern Israel, and the lands of the Palestinian authority, including Gaza. The archaeology of each of these current geopolitical areas is so intertwined that we cannot separate one from the other without reducing drastically our understanding of the whole. This overview will address the issues of different periods in the history of this region’s archaeology as well as the character of its archaeology. The scope of this chapter cannot be as complete as a major synthesis of the archaeology of the region. Readers who would wish to read much more comprehensive overviews are strongly encouraged to turn to Ben-Tor’s The Archaeology of Israel (1993), Stern’s massive four volume, The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (1993), or Richards more recent, Near Eastern Archaeology, A Reader (2003).
Predicting water consumption from energy data: Modeling the residential energy and water nexus in the integrated urban metabolism analysis tool (IUMAT)

Abstract This paper describes a method for residential water use modeling predicated on metered energy data. Actual measured hot water volumes for major indoor consumption are used to verify and adjust the outputs in gallons of hot water consumption based on climate variables, water heater technical features, and set-point and intake temperatures. Three independent datasets for residential energy (RECS 2009), water heater efficiency (Air-conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute-AHRI), and end-use domestic water (Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2-REU II) are applied to identify specific demographic, built environment and geographic factors that relate patterns of energy demand to water consumption. The proposed model acts within the broader Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT), a system-based analytical framework for evaluating the environmental performance of the built environment. The method described in this paper offers an alternative approach to residential water consumption modeling by implementing volume of hot water consumption as a proxy for indoor water use. It provides utilities with the potential to parse and prioritize energy and water conservation measures.
Millennial Scale Development of a Southeastern United States Spit

ABSTRACT Wright, E.; Kruse, S.; Forman, S.L., and Harris, M.S., 2018. Millennial scale development of a southeastern United States spit. A prominent 4-km-long and 1-km-wide spit is located at the southern downdrift end of the Grand Strand coastline in NE South Carolina. To reconstruct a millennial scale record of spit evolution, an integrated suite of data collection was employed, including LiDAR data, ground-penetrating radar data ground truthed by vibracore and split-spoon auger data, and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages. OSL ages suggest initial spit formation began around CE 1100. During the last millennium, the spit records four periods of major advance: three by OSL ages around CE 1105 to 1240, CE 1485 to 1600, CE 1725 to 1835 and one by historical records after CE 1872 until prior to CE 1980. Each section grew by southerly advance of the spit platform, revealed by dipping foreset reflectors, overlain by beach, overwash, and eolian units. Section boundaries are indicated by abrupt OSL ag...
Abstract 368: Biomechanical Properties of Scar ECM: from the Acute to Chronic Stages of Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) affects more than 8 million Americans, causing massive heart cell death and heart function decrease. To better understand the scar biomechanics, we characte...
Dextromethorphan Pretreatment Induces Antipyrine Clearance in the Rat

Numerous agents that undergo extensive first-pass metabolism have been shown to inhibit oxidative drug metabolism. To examine whether this effect is related to the chemical structure or pharmacokinetic characteristics of the inhibiting agent, we determined the effect of dextromethorphan (a compound which exhibits pharmacokinetic similarities to, but is chemically dissimilar from, previously studied agents) on the disposition of antipyrine. A single oral dose of dextromethorphan hydrobromide, 100 mg/kg, 1 hr prior to antipyrine administration had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of this model substrate. The administration of dextromethorphan at the same dose twice daily for 3 days and an additional dose 1 hr prior to antipyrine administration resulted in a 33% increase in the clearance of antipyrine. These data indicate that dextromethorphan is capable of inducing hepatic microsomal enzymes. Studies are needed to determine if this effect also occurs upon chronic administration in humans. These data suggest that the pharmacokinetic characteristic of extensive first-pass metabolism is not necessarily associated with inhibition of drug metabolism.
Surgical Approaches to the Child’s Cervical Spine

This chapter outlines the different approaches to the pediatric cervical spine. The surgeon must be familiar with both anterior and posterior approaches to address the many different pathologies that affect the cervical spine in children. Positioning of the child’s head is paramount in achieving optimal exposure. Application of an external head device like a Mayfield holder or halo will help with rigid positioning of the patient. Meticulous dissection of the soft tissues allows a clear view of the small cervical vertebrae, which can be largely cartilaginous. Often it is advisable to have an orthopedic or neurosurgical colleague assist with the surgery.
Three decades after Chernobyl: are Ukraine’s nuclear plants safe now?

In the aftermath of the terrifying event, which spread radioactive emissions throughout the region, and following the breakup of the Soviet Union, the G7 nations expressed their concern about the remaining risks at Chernobyl NPP. The G7 asked the World Bank to lead a study of the feasibility and cost of closing the remaining high-risk Chernobyl-type reactors in six countries in the region, including Russia, and replacing them with alternative electricity capacity. We led this work in the Bank and recommended that these controversial reactors with inherently high safety risks should be closed by 2000 and the Chernobyl site enclosed with a permanent “sarchophagus”. We placed the extension and modernization of the rest of Ukraine’s nuclear industry in a broader context of power sector reforms, stressing the link between nuclear safety and utility finances, and the need for a strong nuclear safety culture. Safety risks stem not just from the Soviet-designed reactors, but from the institutional and political context in which they operate.
Social Work Advocacy and the Implementation of Legal Mandates

Social workers advocating for social change are often aware that desired changes may be compromised by local resistance to the intent of federal legislation and court mandates. Social workers can h...
Quality Indicators, Outcomes, and Performance Pay

The history of the centers for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS) involvement in quality improvement is long-standing. Linking performance metrics to payment is a powerful lever to stimulate healthcare improvement and maintenance of quality. This may also improve consistency and standardization of healthcare practices across regions.
SQP SAND Strategies that Link to Existing Modeling Systems

We consider variants of Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) applied to Simultaneous Analysis and Design (SAND)implementations for existing engineering modeling systems. Such programs include large scale PDE solvers, chemical process simulators and programs for electrical circuit analysis. Several aspects of the SQP algorithm will be considered. In particular, options need to be selected that are compatible with the information available from the modeling system. Here the following three areas are considered for SAND optimization algorithms: efficient and reliable strategies for global convergence based on a newly developed filter line search method, improved second order information for reduced Hessian methods, and a barrier approach for inequality constraints. The benefits of each of these options will be supported by numerical results and the relevance of these options to PDE models will be explored.
The Home as a Career Education Center

As a result of the increasing sophistication of our communication technology, a new role for the home as a learning center is developing. The home as a learning center can serve the purposes of developing children's concepts of work and leisure; training young persons and adults for occupational competency; preparing older workers for new careers; developing competencies of men and women for their homemaking and family life responsibilities; serving in unique ways the career education needs of exceptional children; and promoting personal development and a sense of worth for persons of all ages. Career education in the home is a way to provide for increased learning opportunity for many people for an entire lifetime.
Some Aspects of the Metabolism of Sulfur-Containing Heterocyclic Cofactors: Lipoic Acid, Biotin, and 8α-(S-L-Cysteinyl)Riboflavin

The occurrence of sulfur in certain of the essential cofactors, viz. some vitamins and their derived coenzymes, has led to interesting avenues of investigation. Participation of the disulfide/sulfhydryl functions of lipoyl residues in transacylases is generally delineated, but details of the metabolism of the dithiolanyl ring are lacking. In the case of biotin, it is not clear what specific mechanistic advantage relating to carboxylations may be gained from the presence of the thiolanyl sulfur, though aspects of the formation and breakdown of this anchor point are being clarified. The converse is currently the situation with S-linked flavins where the effect on their redox properties is better understood than their metabolism.
Making Knowledge Workers More Creative

The knowledge management process is increasingly seen as a key to organizational creativity and innovation. The evolving global business environment necessitates that organizations shift from a rig...
Experimental investigation of sand proppant particles flow and transport regimes through narrow slots

Abstract This paper shows results and analysis of experimental investigation for coarse, medium and fine sand flow and transport into narrow slots. The presented research is conducted within a context of proppant flow and transport in geo-reservoirs during placement into fractures. Proppant is granular material which is placed into hydraulic fracture for propping the fracture open and enhancing production in geo-reservoirs. The experimental investigation presented in this paper contributes to better understanding of proppant-fluid slurry flow and transport in narrow fractures and complement current empirical relationships derived from wider slot experiments. At higher proppant concentrations in narrow and constrained fractures inter-particle and particle-wall contact interactions affect the general slurry flow and transport, phase motions and their relationships. In this work, various volumetric concentrations of coarse, medium and fine silica sands are injected into a relatively narrow fracture under different flow rates and using Newtonian carrying fluids. Results indicate and quantify the significance of particle size in a narrow slot on various flow regimes observed. Sediment transport theories are used to quantify flow regimes and investigate whether the Rouse number can be used to correctly predict the flow regime in a narrow fracture. Presence of turbulence in slurry motion is evaluated towards optimal flow and transport outcomes. The presented results will aid geothermal and petroleum engineers to better design proppant transport, increase utilization of sustainable sand materials and better understand fundamental flow and transport of dense-phase slurries in narrow fracture zones.
Repeat Self-Inflicted Injury Among U.S. Youth in a Large Medical Claims Database.

Introduction This study describes characteristics of nonfatal self-inflicted injuries and incidence of repeat self-inflicted injuries among a large convenience sample of youth (aged 10–24 years) with Medicaid or commercial insurance. Methods In 2018, Truven Health MarketScan medical claims data were used to identify youth with a self-inflicted injury in 2013 (or index self-inflicted injury) diagnosed in any inpatient or outpatient setting. Patients with 2 years of healthcare claims data (1 year before/after index self-inflicted injury) were assessed. Patient and injury characteristics, repeat self-inflicted injuries ≤1 year, time to repeat self-inflicted injury, and number of emergency department and urgent care facility visits per patient are reported. A regression model assessed factors associated with repeat self-inflicted injuries. Results Among 4,681 self-inflicted injury patients, 70% were female. More than 71% of patients were treated for comorbidities (50% for depression) ≤1 year preceding the index self-inflicted injury. Poisoning was the most common index self-inflicted injury mechanism (60% of patients). Approximately 52% of patients had one or more emergency department visit and 1% had one or more urgent care facility visit, respectively, during the 2-year observation period. More than 11% of patients repeated self-inflicted injury ≤1 year (and 3% ≤7 days). Repeat self-inflicted injury was associated with younger patient age, being female, a self-inflicted injury event preceding the index self-inflicted injury, index self-inflicted injury treatment setting, and patient comorbidities. Conclusions Approximately one in ten youth repeated self-inflicted injury within 1 year and nearly half of youth with clinically treated self-inflicted injuries never received care in hospitals or emergency departments. Physicians and families should be aware of risk factors for repeat self-inflicted injury, including mental health comorbidities. Multilevel strategies are needed to prevent youth self-inflicted injuries.
Diabetes-related hospital mortality in the U.S.: A pooled cross-sectional study of the National Inpatient Sample

Abstract Aims Despite advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in the U.S., place-based disparities still exist. The purpose of this study is to determine place-based and other individual-level variations in diabetes-related hospital deaths. Methods A pooled cross-sectional study of the 2009–2015 National Inpatient Sample was conducted to examine the odds of a diabetes-related hospital death. The main predictors were rurality and census region. Individual-level socio-demographic factors were also examined. Results Approximately 1.5% (n = 147,069) of diabetes-related hospitalizations resulted in death. In multivariable analysis, the odds of diabetes-related hospital deaths increased across the urban-rural continuum, except for large fringe metropolitan areas, with the highest odds of such deaths occurring among residents of micropolitan (OR = 1.16, 95% C.I. = 1.14, 1.18) and noncore areas (OR = 1.21, 95% C.I. = 1.19, 1.24). Compared to residents of the Northeast, residents in the South, West and Midwest regions were significantly more likely to experience a diabetes-related hospital death. Asian or Pacific Islanders, Medicaid-covered patients and the uninsured were also more likely to die during a diabetes-related hospitalization. Conclusions Place-based disparities in diabetes-related hospital deaths exist. Targeted focus should be placed on the control of diabetic complications in the South, West and Midwest census regions, and among rural residents.
Thinking (and Moving) Beyond Walls And Cages: Bridging Immigrant Justice and Anti-Prison Organizing In the United States

We continue to find that the prison is itself a border. This analysis has come from prisoners, who name the distinction between the "free world" and the space behind the walls of the prison. This is an important inter? pretation that undoes the illusions of the powerful nation-states on the one hand and the seeming disorganization and chaos of capital's travels on the other. There is a very specific political economy of the prison that brings the intersections of gender and race, colonialism and capitalism, into view (Davis and Dent, 2001: 1236-1237). Understanding the prison as a border enables us to tie the present in? tensification of border fortification and expansion within long and unique histories of slavery, colonialism, and imperialism. The important particu? larities of these histories, and the people whose lives have been shaped by them, are brought together through these borders as much as they are kept apart. At the 2008 Left Forum conference, for example, two of the current authors participated in a session on the connection between walls and cages and organizing strategies to move beyond them. One of the panel's speakers recounted a story about the dif? ficulties of recognizing the commonalities of apparently different forms of migration policing in Queens, New York. Following September 11, South Asian and Muslim communities were rounded up here and nationwide in the name of national security
Impact of intra-operative dexamethasone after scheduled cesarean delivery: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Dexamethasone is an effective analgesic and antiemetic in patients undergoing many surgical procedures, but its effects on pain after cesarean delivery are poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate if routine intraoperative administration of dexamethasone improved pain and decreased postoperative nausea/vomiting after scheduled cesarean delivery. Methods Electronic medical record data for scheduled cesarean deliveries performed under neuraxial anesthesia before and after a practice change that introduced the routine use of dexamethasone 4 mg IV were obtained. Patients were analyzed based on whether they received routine care (n = 182) or also received dexamethasone (n = 187). The primary outcome was time to first opioid use. Secondary outcomes included postoperative opioid consumption, pain scores, incidence and treatment of postoperative nausea/vomiting, satisfaction, and length of stay. Results There was no difference between groups in median time to first postoperative opioid administration, 5.1 [2.1-15.7] h in women receiving only routine care vs . 5.3 [2.8-21.4] h in women that also received dexamethasone; P = 0.13. There were no significant differences in any secondary outcomes including opioid consumption, pain scores, and incidence and treatment of postoperative nausea/vomiting. Conclusions This impact study of over 360 patients suggests that routine administration of intraoperative dexamethasone 4 mg IV does not provide additional analgesic benefit after scheduled cesarean delivery in the context of a multimodal postoperative analgesia regimen. Future studies are required to determine if a larger dose or repeated administration influence postoperative analgesia or side effects, or whether certain subsets of patients may benefit.
Seed transmission of plant viruses.

Publisher Summary The chapter discusses on the wide range of aspects relating to seed transmission but with special reference to the more recent developments in this field. One of the most interesting characteristic of plant viruses' relationships to their host plants is the high degree of protection possessed by embryos of seeds against invasion by viruses that affect the mother plant. Despite this protection, however, an appreciable number of viruses have been found to pass from one generation to the next through the medium of the seed. The great majority of instances, the seed offer a highly effective barrier to passage of most viruses from one generation to the next, and perpetuation of most of the more destructive viruses is still dependent on repeated infection of successive generation of plants through the agency of natural vectors. The weight of evidence available at the present time appears to indicate that transmission of viruses through the embryo may be influenced and conditioned by a number of factors, and that no single factor can be used to explain all seed transmission or lack of it. However, it would appear that one of the determining factors involved in seed transmission of viruses, in the great majority of cases, is the ability of virus to infect male and female gametophytes. Whether this is determined by the ability of virus to invade meristematic tissue and thus enter the gametes in early stages of development, as much evidence indicates, or whether invasion is determined in part by susceptibility of the gametophytic generation to infection, is difficult to determine.
Cultivating Dynamic Capabilities from Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Entrepreneurial Teams

We develop theory on how new ventures are able to build and leverage dynamic capabilities for enhanced performance in their nascent years–a characteristically resource-scarce and turbulent operatio...
Simulation and partial prototyping of an eight‐junction holographic spectrum-splitting photovoltaic module

Spectrum‐splitting photovoltaics incorporate optical elements to separate sunlight into frequency bands, which can be targeted at solar cells with bandgaps optimized for each sub‐band. Here, we present the design of a holographic diffraction grating‐based spectrum‐splitting photovoltaic module integrating eight III‐V compound semiconductor cells as four dual‐junction tandems. Four stacks of simple sinusoidal volume phase holographic diffraction gratings each simultaneously split and concentrate sunlight onto cells with bandgaps spanning the solar spectrum. The high‐efficiency cells get an additional performance boost from concentration incorporated using a single or a compound trough concentrator, providing up to 380X total concentration. Cell bandgap optimization incorporated an experimentally derived bandgap‐dependent external radiative efficiency function. Simulations show 33.2% module conversion efficiency is achievable. One grating stack is experimentally fabricated and characterized.
Konzept und Struktur

Unter dem Begriff Gesamtfahrzeugkonzept werden alle technischen Prinziplosungen bzw. Komponenten zusammengefasst, die zur Aufgabenerfullung eines Fahrzeugs erforderlich sind. Als Trager der Komponenten fungiert die Fahrzeugstruktur bzw. die Rohkarosserie. In Abb. 9.1 sind die wesentlichen Einflusse auf das Gesamtfahrzeugkonzept und seine Struktur zusammengefasst.
DNA polymerase ε relies on a unique domain for efficient replisome assembly and strand synthesis.

DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol e) is required for genome duplication and tumor suppression. It supports both replisome assembly and leading strand synthesis; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here we report that a conserved domain within the Pol e catalytic core influences both of these replication steps in budding yeast. Modeling cancer-associated mutations in this domain reveals its unexpected effect on incorporating Pol e into the four-member pre-loading complex during replisome assembly. In addition, genetic and biochemical data suggest that the examined domain supports Pol e catalytic activity and symmetric movement of replication forks. Contrary to previously characterized Pol e cancer variants, the examined mutants cause genome hyper-rearrangement rather than hyper-mutation. Our work thus suggests a role of the Pol e catalytic core in replisome formation, a reliance of Pol e strand synthesis on a unique domain, and a potential tumor-suppressive effect of Pol e in curbing genome re-arrangements. DNA polymerase epsilon (Pol e) synthesizes half of the genome in every cell cycle. Here the authors uncover a dual role of a unique domain within the Pol e catalytic core in replisome assembly and DNA synthesis and the impact of this domain on genome stability.
Bullying Employees in a Nonprofit Organization

This chapter concentrates on the role of language and discourses through which management can bully their employees. The “bully” is no longer centered with the manager, nor is it depersonalized within the structural and technological modalities of the organization; instead, it flows from the threats, orders, and commands issued by the supervisor. There is no visible outward yelling, screaming, or shouting. Gestures, body language, verbal talk, emails, text messages, and organizational norms and values, which never breach the professional code of conduct, communicate the disapproval of the supervisor, effectively intimidating the subordinate of the dire consequences of his/her inability to comply with the wishes of the management. Empirical data from a nonprofit organization encompassing eight in-depth interviews with the employees, along with the theoretical framework of post-structuralism and disciplinary power strategies, are used to examine how workplace bullying unleashed via different forms of discourses can modulate the subjectivities and identities of employees so that they comply with the demands and expectations of the management.
In Utero Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Does Not Alter the Germ Line.

Abstract Background In utero hematopoietic cell transplantation (IUHCT) has been demonstrated to reliably generate chimeric offspring. This technique introduces transplanted cells into a fetus while the immune system is still developing, allowing for engraftment without the need for myeloablation. However, little is known about the effect of engraftment on the gonadal tissue or within the germ line of the resultant chimeras. Materials and methods BALB/cJ mice pups were injected with B6-green fluorescent protein mononuclear bone marrow (BM) cells at gestational ages E13 or E14. Two female and two male chimeras were then crossbred with untreated mice. The gonadal tissue of the chimeras was evaluated with fluorescent stereomicroscopy and green fluorescent protein histologic staining. The progeny of the cross-bred mice was analyzed using flow cytometric evaluation of both the peripheral blood and BM. Results Although transplanted cells engrafted within the gonads, no evidence of chimerism was found in oocytes or spermatogonia of female and male mice treated with IUHCT, respectively. Crossbreeding chimeric mice with untreated mice generated progeny without evidence of chimerism in peripheral blood and BM. Conclusions IUHCT yields chimeric mice that have engrafted cells within the gonads but not within the germ line itself. Correspondingly, progeny from the unaltered germ line has no detectable chimerism. This has clinical implications as the offspring of future patients treated with IUHCT would carry the disease for which their parents were treated with IUHCT.
Portal flow dynamics after total pancreatectomy and autologous islet cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a serious complication of total pancreatectomy and autologous islet cell transplant (TPAIT); therefore, portal flow dynamics are monitored by Doppler ultrasound postoperatively. The practical value of scheduled Doppler ultrasound examinations and the relationship between portal vein velocity, liver function, and complications have not been clearly studied. METHODS A retrospective review of 16 TPAIT was performed. Correlation analysis of portal vein velocity with indices of liver function, portal pressure, and volume of islet cells infused was conducted. RESULTS There was no correlation between portal vein velocity and postoperative liver function tests (LFTs). Larger volume of islet cells infused and higher intraoperative portal pressure correlated with decreased postoperative portal flow. There was no significant difference in portal pressure, portal vein velocity, or LFTs between those with normal and abnormal pre-infusion liver histopathology. While no PVT occurred, there were two cases of postoperative bleeding related to anticoagulation. CONCLUSION Segmental portal vein velocities are low in the setting of high tissue volume and portal pressure, but are not associated with variation in LFTs. Therefore, patient management in response to changes in velocities without clinical symptoms may be unnecessary.
Expanding Implementation Research to Prevent Chronic Diseases in Community Settings

Chronic disease prevention continues to be inadequate, overall and in achieving health equity, in spite of the many evidence-based practices and policies (EBPPs) available to address risk behaviors...
Neurobiological Pathways Linking Acute Mental Stress to Impairments in Executive Function in Individuals with Coronary Artery Disease.

Background Individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) have worse executive function compared to the general population but the mechanisms are unknown. Objective To investigate the role of acute mental stress (MS) on the executive function of patients with CAD. Methods Participants with stable CAD underwent acute MS testing with simultaneous peripheral vascular function measurements and brain imaging using high resolution-positron emission tomography. Digital pulse wave amplitude was continuously measured using peripheral artery tonometry (PAT, Itamar Inc). Stress/rest PAT ratio (sPAT) of pulse wave amplitude during MS/baseline was calculated as a measure of microvascular constriction during MS. Plasma levels of catecholamine and interleukin-6 were assessed at baseline and after MS. Executive function was assessed both at baseline and at 2 years follow-up using the Trail Making Test parts A and B. Results We studied 389 individuals with brain data available for 148 participants. Of this population follow-up cognitive assessments were performed in 226 individuals (121 with brain imaging). After multivariable adjustment for baseline demographics, risk factors, and medication use, a lower sPAT, indicating greater vasoconstriction, a higher inferior frontal lobe activation with MS, and increases in norepinephrine and IL-6 levels with MS were all independently associated with greater time to complete Trail B test.-38.4pt. Conclusion In response to acute MS, greater peripheral vasoconstriction, higher inferior frontal lobe brain activation, and increases in the levels of norepinephrine and IL-6 are associated with worse executive function.
How Wall Street Investors Rescued the Market for Single Family Homes

We examine the impact of house purchases by large buy-to-rent investors on the value of nearby properties. Returns on repeat sales of properties within a quarter mile of houses purchased by buy-to-rent investors were significantly greater if the repeat sale concluded after the buy-to-rent purchase rather than before. Properties outside the price range normally paid by buy-to-rent investors experienced smaller gains after nearby buy-to-rent purchases. Mortgage use increased after the buy-to-rent purchases for nearby properties. Buy-to-rent investors appear to increase the value of homes in an area by providing liquidity and reducing the local supply of houses.
PROactively TACkling CDK4/6 therapy resistance

Small-molecule kinase inhibitors have made major advances in cancer therapy, but their efficacy remains limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. The expression and thermostability of the kinase CDK6 are now shown to mediate intrinsic resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors and degraders across cancer types.
Overview of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

This chapter begins by defining “trauma” since traumatic exposure is the necessary precursor to PTSD. It then reviews how PTSD has been regarded since ancient times. Information is presented regarding the prevalence of PTSD, both within the USA and worldwide. The important clinical and public health question regarding prevention of PTSD is addressed; within that context, recommendations for promoting “resilience” are presented. Finally, key PTSD factors are discussed such as symptom severity, chronicity, and clinical course over time.
Comparison of train-of-four count by anesthesia providers versus TOF-Watch® SX: a prospective cohort study

Qualitative monitoring of neuromuscular blockade using the train-of-four (TOF) count is widely used to determine the timing and dose of reversal agents for neuromuscular blockade. We compared TOF count measured manually by anesthesia providers with that determined by TOF-Watch® SX. This prospective observational cohort study included patients who were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status III or less and undergoing elective surgery. During recovery from an intubating dose of rocuronium or vecuronium, the TOF count was measured every 15 sec using TOF-Watch SX. Anesthesia providers assessed the TOF count twice at each level of TOF-count, 15 sec after the TOF-Watch SX count increased to the next level and then two to five minutes later. In 75 patients, 687 observations were collected. There was agreement between the TOF-Watch SX and the subjective assessment by the provider in 386 (56%) of these observations. The agreement was 87% at TOF counts of 0 and 4. In the 409 observations at TOF counts 1, 2, and 3, the agreement was 36%. Among the 264 observations with disagreement at these TOF counts, providers assessed a higher TOF count in 254 (96%) observations and a lower count in 10 (4%) observations compared with the TOF-Watch SX. Anesthesia providers report higher values of TOF count compared with the TOF-Watch SX, especially at intermediate levels of neuromuscular blockade. Since the dosing guidelines for the timing and dose of reversal agents are based on the TOF count derived from the TOF-Watch SX, a manually assessed TOF count may lead to inadequate dosing and/or premature administration of reversal agents.
The process of applied technology forecasting

Abstract The objective of this research is a study of technology forecasting not only as a discipline but also as an executive responsibility by applying the information processing theory to this task. A protocol analysis from Ericsson and Simon, modified for this study, was used for the analysis of interview data of top executives from the magnetic resonance imaging industry and their superconducting magnet suppliers, when they had to face a specific technological event. The technological event is the breakthrough discovery of ceramic superconducting materials in 1986, and the fast technological progress that followed between 1987 and 1989. This paper illustrates the processes through which senior executives collect information, process it, and develop plans and predictions in the context of “hard” uncertainty. We use cognitive and strategic decision-making research to develop a normative typology of executive decision making in similar contexts.
Protoveratrine in toxemia of pregnancy

Abstract 1.1. A brief history of the use of Veratrum preparations in the treatment of toxemia of pregnancy is given. 2.2. A brief description of the source, pharmacologic and clinical effects of Veratrum preparations and protoveratrine is presented. 3.3. An outline of a safe and effective method of dosage determination for patients treated with protoveratrine is described. 4.4. A summary of the results in 31 patients with the diagnosis of toxemia of pregnancy and treated with protoveratrine is presented. 5.5. The case histories of 3 patients in our series are briefly given.
MPTP mouse models of Parkinson's disease: an update.

Among the most widely used models of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are those that employ toxins, especially 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Depending on the protocol used, MPTP yields large variations in nigral cell loss, striatal dopamine loss and behavioral deficits. Motor deficits do not fully replicate those seen in PD. Nonetheless, MPTP mouse models mimic many aspects of the disease and are therefore important tools for understanding PD. In this review, we will discuss the ability of MPTP mouse models to replicate the pathophysiology of PD, the mechanisms of MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, strain differences in susceptibility to MPTP, and the models’ roles in testing therapeutic approaches.
Use of atropine in patients with submaximal heart rate during exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT

Background Failure to reach 85% of maximal predicted heart rate (MPHR) during exercise may render a myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (MPS) study nondiagnostic for ischemia detection. Although commonly used to increase heart rate (HR) during dobutamine stress, the administration of atropine for patients failing to achieve 85% of MPHR during exercise performed for MPS is still infrequent.
Characteristic mode investigation of a reactively loaded electrically small dipole antenna

Reactive loading is commonly applied to monopole and dipole antennas to maintain desirable electrical characteristics as the size of the antenna is reduced. Studies relying on parametric techniques have yielded design guidelines for optimal load placement. The use of characteristic mode theory, however, provides an alternative method to understand the currents on the antenna structure and offers insight for optimal load placement. In this work an electrically small dipole antenna is investigated using characteristic mode theory. Although in the electrically small regime the total antenna current is composed primarily of a single characteristic mode, higher order modes contribute strongly to the change in the dominant mode as the loading magnitude is increased. Understanding the effect of higher order characteristic modes in loaded antenna structures provides insight for load placement strategies.
The Cell Biology of Learning and Memory in Aplysia

Publisher Summary Studies of the marine snail Aplysia californica have contributed significantly to our modern understanding of the biology of learning and memory. This chapter focuses on what is currently known in Aplysia about the cellular mechanisms of sensitization and dishabituation, a cognate form of learning. The chapter summarizes recent insights into a simple form of learning in a relatively simple organism, the marine snail Aplysia. The cellular and molecular substrates of sensitization in Aplysia are surprisingly rich and complex. Indeed, there is still much to be learned about learning in this organism. Importantly, the information gained by the study of learning and memory in Aplysia is likely to continue to provide valuable insights into how the brains form and hold memories.
I'm the Mommy, That's Why: A Minor's Right to Free Exercise When It Conflicts With a Parent's Constitutional Rights

Over the past century, the Supreme Court has ruled quite decisively that parents have the constitutional right to make decisions relating to their children's upbringing, including the right to dictate their children's religious education, on both First Amendment and Fourteenth Amendment grounds. What that Court has failed to address, however, is what happens when the free exercise rights of children conflict directly with the rights of their parents. This article will address the current landscape of legal doctrine relating to parent/child conflict in the area of constitutional rights, paying specific attention to religious rights. The article will also discuss some of the constitutional interests advanced by both parents and children and will conclude by suggesting a set of factors that the court can apply to resolve the conflicts fairly, and constitutionally.
Evolution of millennial-scale climate variability during the mid-Pleistocene

[1] We use the oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber (white) from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1058 in the subtropical northwestern Atlantic to construct a high-resolution (∼ 800 year) climate record spanning the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (∼410 ka to 1350 ka). We investigate whether or not millennial-scale instabilities in the proxy record are associated with the extent of continental glaciation. G. ruberδ18O values display high-frequency fluctuations throughout the record, but the amplitude about mean glacial and interglacial δ18O values increases at marine isotope stage (MIS) 22 (880 ka) and is highest during MIS 12. These observations support that millennial-scale climate instabilities are associated with ice sheet size. Time series analysis illustrates that these variations have significant concentration of spectral power centered on periods of ∼10–12 ka and ∼5 ka. The timing of these fluctuations agrees well, or coincides with, the periodicities of the second and fourth harmonics, respectively, of precessional forcing at the equator. An insolation-based origin of the millennial-scale instabilities would be independent of ice volume and explains the presence of these fluctuations before the mid-Pleistocene climate transition as well as during interglacial intervals (e.g., MIS 37 and 17). Because the amplitude of the millennial-scale variations increases during the mid-Pleistocene transition, feedback mechanisms associated with the growth of large, 100-ka-paced, polar ice sheets may be important amplifiers of regional surface water hydrographic changes.