cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Laser analysis of environmental noise

Environmental noise induces frequency instabilities in lasers. By analyzing these instabilities, we can determine the characteristics of the noise and thus identify the source, using the laser, in effect, as a supersensitive "microphone." The techniques described in this paper can be used for supersensitive detection and identification of extremely low-level noise sources.
Hemorrhagic Skin Lesions Produced by Intradermal Meningococcus Toxin in Rabbits following Treatment with ACTH or Cortisone.

SummaryThe observations indicate that under certain circumstances the treatment of rabbits with ACTH or Cortisone results in a type of local skin damage by meningococcus toxin which is not seen in untreated animals. The application of these findings to other varieties of tissue damage by bacteria and their products is a field which merits further study.
Electronic vs. Steric effects of substituents on the intramolecular excimer fluorescence from dilute solutions of halogen-substituted polystyrenes

Steady state fluorescence measurements in dilute solution have been performed for eight halogenated polystyrenes and for poly(2,5-dimethylstyrene). The monomers for halogenated polymers are o-X-styrene (X = F, Cl, Br), m-fluorostyrene, p-X-styrene, and p-chloro-α-methylstyrene. The position of the excimer band and the ratio of the intensities of the excimer and monomer fluorescence depend on the substitution. The results for poly(p-chloro-α-methylstyrene) and poly(2,5-dimethylstyrene) can be rationalized by a conformational analysis that examines the preferred geometries for face-to-face complexes by rings bonded to chain atoms i and i + 2. The results for the other polymers cannot be explained by a conformational analysis. They appear to arise from a combination of factors that alter the electronic properties of the chromophore.
Risk Factors for Abusive Relationships A Study of Vietnamese American Immigrant Women

This study identifies risk factors for Vietnamese American women's abuse. Intensive interviews with 129 Vietnamese women immigrants in a northeastern metropolitan area provided data to examine risk factors for sexual, physical, and verbal abuse. Patriarchal gender arrangements in the family, arguments about fulfilling gender and family roles, and partner's threat that divorce would compromise the participant's immigration status put women at risk for each type of abuse. "Picture brides" were at heightened risk for sexual abuse. For women with limited resources, education and interventions within the ethnic immigrant community are critical to addressing wife abuse.
Electronics for Damping Transverse Instabilities for the Fermilab Booster Synchrotron

Transverse instabilities are controlled by an active beam damper which corrects the orbit of individual proton bunches in the Fermilab booster synchrotron. The corrective signals, which are in reality processed versions of the beam pick-up data, are applied to the beam via power amplifier/deflector electrodes approximately one turn after sensing the bunch position. The electronic systems of the damper are configured as a closed-loop feedback arrangement. A brief outline is given of the overall damper system configuration, and the beam position detector, coaxial cable delay system, and data receiver are described.
Thinking about commitment: Accessibility of commitment and prediction of relationship persistence, accommodation, and willingness to sacrifice

Research has demonstrated that more accessible cognitive constructs (e.g., attitudes, stereotypes) are more likely to influence thoughts and behaviors. The current research applies a social cognition framework to the prediction of romantic relationship persistence (i.e., ‘‘stay-leave’’ behavior), accommodation, and willingness to sacrifice. Conceptualizing commitment as a partially cognitive construct and following from social cognition and attitudinal research, we hypothesized that the accessibility of commitment will moderate the association between commitment and relationship persistence, accommodative responses, and willingness to sacrifice. In Study 1, participants in romantic relationships responded to statements derived from the commitment subscale of the Investment Model Scale. Reaction times to these statements were used as a measure of accessibility of commitment. In addition, participants completed measures of their commitment level. Seven months later, participants were contacted and relationship persistence was assessed. Accessibility of commitment significantly moderated the association between commitment and relationship persistence. Study 2 expanded on the results of the first study by demonstrating that accessibility of commitment also significantly moderated the association between commitment and accommodation and willingness to sacrifice. Taken together, these two studies highlight the usefulness of applying social cognitive concepts to understand close relationships. Individuals often make decisions and engage in behaviors that have consequences for their romantic relationships. Some important outcomes of these behaviors can be the maintenance or termination of the romantic relationship. Research on the topic of romantic relationship maintenance and termination has identified psychological commitment to the relationship as an important predictor of cognitions and behaviors associated with maintenance of a relationship. Some conceptualizations of commitment have argued that commitment includes a cognitive component (Arriaga & Agnew, 2001; Rusbult & Buunk,
Management of ischemic heel ulceration and gangrene: An evaluation of factors associated with successful healing

Abstract Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of treatment of nonhealing heel ulcers and gangrene and to define those variables that are associated with success. Methods: A multi-institutional review was undertaken at four university or university-affiliated hospitals of all patients with wounds of the heel and arterial insufficiency, which was defined as absent pedal pulses and a decreased ankle/brachial index (ABI). Risk factors, hemodynamic parameters, and arteriographic findings were statistically analyzed to determine their effect on wound healing. Life-table analysis was used to assess graft patency and wound healing. Results: Ninety-one patients (57 men, 34 women) were treated for heel wounds that did not heal for 1 to 12 months (62% of nonhealing wounds, 3 months or longer). The mean preoperative ABI was 0.51, and 31% of wounds were infected. Of the patients, 55% had impaired renal function (Cr > 1.5), with 24% undergoing dialysis, 70% had diabetes, and 64% smoked cigarettes. Treatment was topical wound care for all patients and operative wound debridement in 50%. Infrainguinal bypass was performed for 81 patients, 4 had inflow procedures, 3 had superficial femoral artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and 3 had primary below-knee amputation. Postoperatively, 85% of patients had in-line flow to the foot with at least a single patent vessel, 66% had a pedal pulse, and the mean ABI improved by 0.40, to 0.91. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean, 21 months), and 77 patients (85%) are currently alive. In 66 patients (73%), the wounds healed—all within 6 months (mean, 3 months). For 14 (16%) the wounds had not healed, and 11 patients (11%) underwent below-knee amputation. By life-table analysis, limb salvage was 86% at 3 years. During follow-up, 75 infrainguinal bypasses (91%) remained patent (3 secondarily) and 6 occluded, with primary assisted patency of 87% at 3 years. All wounds in patients with occluded grafts failed to heal. Variables found to be statistically significant in predicting healing included normal renal function (95% healed vs 55% nonhealed, P P P P Conclusions: Complete wound healing of ischemic heel ulcers or gangrene may require up to 6 months, and short-term graft patency is of minimal benefit. Successful arterial reconstruction, especially a patent posterior tibial artery after bypass, is effective in treating most heel ulcers or gangrene. Patients with impaired renal function are at increased risk for failure of treatment, but their wounds may successfully heal and they should not be denied revascularization procedures. (J Vasc Surg 2000;31:1110-8.)
Macroecology of a host-parasite relationship

fish assemblages each significantly accounted for the regional variation in mussel assemblages. Furthermore, mussel assemblages showed strong spatial autocorrelation. Variation partitioning revealed that pure fish effects accounted for 15.4% of the variation in mussel assemblages; pure spatial and environmental effects accounted for 16.1% and 7.8%, respectively. Shared variation among fish, space and environmental variables totaled 40%. Of this shared variation, 36.8% was associated with the fish matrix. Thus, the variation in mussel assemblages that was associated with the distribution and abundance of fishes was substantial (> 50%), indicating that fish community structure is an important determinant of mussel community structure. Although animals commonly disperse plants and, thus, influence the structure of plant communities, our results show a strong macroecological association between two disparate animal groups with one strongly affecting the assemblage structure of
HPLC analysis of selected xanthones in mangosteen fruit

Xanthones are unique chemical compounds found in nature, composed of a tricyclic aromatic system with a variety of phenolic, methoxy, and isoprene substituents, giving rise to numerous derivatives. They dissolve to varying degrees in solvents ranging from alcohol to hexane. An optimum solvent mixture of acetone/water (80:20) selectively and effectively extracts a wide variety of xanthones. Subsequent HPLC analysis using standard C-18 RP and a 30-min gradient of 65-90% MetOH in 0.1% formic acid detects and separates numerous different xanthones with UV detection at 254 nm. The xanthones alpha-mangostin, 8-desoxygartanin, gartanin, beta-mangostin, 3-mangostin, and 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone have been extracted, identified, and quantitatively determined using this method. This analytical method is applied to the analysis of these xanthones in the rind of the mangosteen fruit, Garcinia mangostana.
What's between simulation and formal verification? (extended abstract)

This embedded tutorial surveys some possibilities for verification techniques that combine conventional simulation and ideas, techniques, and algorithms from formal verification, to obtain better functional test coverage of large designs.
Cerebral Ventricular Enlargement in Chronic Schizophrenia: An Association with Poor Response to Treatment

• Response to neuroleptic drug treatment in ten chronic schizophrenic patients with enlarged cerebral ventricles was compared with ten similar patients with normal ventricles. The groups were closely matched for age, age at onset of illness, years of illness and hospitalization, drug dosage, and plasma neuroleptic concentration as measured by radioreceptor assay. Response was significantly worse in the patients with enlarged ventricles. This finding supports the notion that ventricular enlargement is clinically relevant in patients with chronic schizophrenia and that patients with this abnormality may have a biologically different illness than similar patients without it.
Measurement of gain, group index, group velocity dispersion, and linewidth enhancement factor of an InGaN multiple quantum-well laser diode

Gain, group index, group velocity dispersion (GVD), temperature variation of refractive index, and linewidth enhancement factor of an In/sub 0.15/Ga/sub 0.85/N/In/sub 0.02/Ga/sub 0.98/N multiple quantum-well blue laser diode was measured using the Fourier transform method as a function of wavelength from 400 to 410 nm. At the lasing wavelength (403.5 nm), the group index is 3.4, the GVD (dn/sub g//d/spl lambda/) is -37 /spl mu/m/sup -1/, the temperature variation of refractive index dn/dT is 1.3/spl times/10/sup -4/ K/sup -1/, and the linewidth enhancement factor is 5.6.
Durable response of breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis to capecitabine monotherapy

We report a durable (12-month) response to capecitabine monotherapy, shown clinically, by MRI, and by cerebrospinal fluid analysis, in a patient with leptomeningeal metastasis from breast cancer.
Hypoxic microenvironment within an embryo induces apoptosis and is essential for proper morphological development.

Recent studies have suggested the importance of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors in development, yet the questions of whether hypoxia actually exists in a developing embryo in vivo and, if so, what role it plays in development remain unanswered. In this study, we directly demonstrate that regions of hypoxia, most prominently the hindbrain, otic vesicle, and first branchial arch, exist in a gestational day (GD) 11 rat embryo grown in utero. We also show that varying the oxygen environment of an embryo affects its morphological development. Rat embryos which were grown at 45% oxygen from GD 9-11 showed gross morphological abnormalities, including defective cranial neural tube closure, incomplete otic vesicle invagination, and abnormal somite formation and embryo turning. These embryos, in addition, exhibited reduced cell death. On the other hand, embryos which were grown at 5% oxygen during the same period were stunted in overall growth, yet morphologically normal, and displayed prominent areas of apoptosis. In this study, we propose that embryonic development, like tumor development, requires two different but interactive sets of signals. One set exists in the genetic program for development; the other set arises from changes in the microenvironment of the embryo. Therefore, it is the interplay between these two sets of cues that drives normal embryonic development. The requirement for hypoxia to activate apoptotic cell death is but one example of such interactions.
Corpus Luteum Growth and Function in Lactating Holstein Cows During Spring and Summer

Corpus luteum growth and function were monitored daily for a complete estrous cycle by ultrasonography and peripheral serum progesterone in lactating, cyclic Holstein cows during spring (n = 8) and summer (n = 8). For spring and summer, respectively, daily ambient temperatures (mean +/- SEM) were 21.2 +/- .9 and 31.1 +/- .3 degrees C. In summer compared with spring, early morning rectal temperatures were higher on d 1, 2, and 3, when the corpus luteum was forming, and on d 15 and 19. The length of the luteal phase and the corpus luteum cross-sectional area were similar for the two seasonal groups. Central luteal cavities were observed during spring and summer. Serum progesterone secreted between d 6 and 18 was lower during summer. In addition, progesterone concentrations during the entire luteal phase and the peak magnitude of progesterone tended to be lower during summer. Suppressed luteal function may contribute to low fertility when cows are inseminated during summer.
A model of activity-dependent changes in dendritic spine density and spine structure

Recent evidence indicates that the morphology and density of dendritic spines are regulated during synaptic plasticity. See for instance a review by [1]. High-frequency stimuli that induce long-term potentiation (LTP) have been associated with increases in the number and size of spines. In contrast, low-frequency stimuli that induce long-term depression (LTD) are associated with decreases in the number and size of spines. Decreases in spine density also occur due to excitotoxicity associated with very high levels of activity such as during seizures. In this work, we extend previous modeling studies [2] by combining a model for activity-dependent spine density with one for calcium-mediated spine stem restructuring. The model is based on the standard dimensionless cable equation for the changes in membrane potential in a passive dendrite. An additional equation characterizes the activity-dependent changes in spine density along the dendrite. For this continuum model, a typical Hodgkin-Huxley type current balance equation represents the change in membrane potential in an isopotential compartment representing a spine head. Both the cable equation and the current balance equation rely on the spine stem current to represent current flow between the spines and the dendrite. The model also includes equations for activity-dependent changes in the calcium concentration in spines as well as changes in spine stem resistance that depend on the level of calcium in an individual spine. The calcium-mediated changes in spine density and spine stem resistance are based on a conceptual model proposed by Segal et al. [1] where low calcium concentrations lead to spine shrinkage and pruning, an increase in calcium concentration leads to spine elongation and formation of new spines, and significantly higher values cause spine shrinkage and pruning. We use computational studies to investigate the changes in spine density and structure for differing synaptic inputs and demonstrate the effects of these changes on the input-output properties of the dendritic branch. Moderate amounts of high-frequency synaptic activation to dendritic spines cause an increase in spine stem resistance, which is correlated with spine stem elongation. In addition, the spine density increases both inside and outside the input region. The model is formulated so that this LTP-inducing stimulus eventually leads to structural stability. In contrast, a prolonged low-frequency stimulation paradigm that would typically induce LTD results in a decrease in stem resistance (correlated with spine shortening) and an eventual decrease in spine density.
Volatilization Modeling of Semivolatile Organic Compounds During Solidification Processes

Technical information is provided on the effects of temperature elevation on increasing the volatility of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in stabilization media. A chemical diffusion model was developed (1) to establish a technical basis for determining maximum treatment temperatures above which SVOCs should not be exposed during solidification processes to reduce the potential for unacceptable releases; and (2) to prescribe types of binders with sufficiently low heat output to stabilize organics that have potential for volatilizing with moderate heating, and to recommend against use of others that may not maintain the mixture at sufficiently low temperatures. A non-steady-state model for linear diffusion in the aqueous and vapor phase was used because the SVOC dynamics of diffusion are controlled by resistances in both pore water and air. The results of volatilization calculations performed are presented.
Natural Goals of Actions in Aristotle

I argue that there are, according to Aristotle, two importantly different kinds of goals or ends in the domain of human agency and that one of these two kinds has been frequently, though not universally, overlooked. Apart from psychological goals, goals that agents adopt as their purposes, there are also, I submit, goals that actions have by being the kinds of actions they are and, in some cases, by occurring in the circumstances in which they do. These latter goals belong to suitable actions whether or not agents adopt them as purposes and whether or not agents are aware of them. There is evidence both in Aristotle's ethical writings and in his discussion of chance and luck in Physics II.4–6 that he recognizes goals of this latter kind.
Activity-Dependent Nitric Oxide Concentration Dynamics in the Laterodorsal Tegmental Nucleus In Vitro

The behavioral-state related firing of mesopontine cholinergic neurons of the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus appears pivotal for generating both arousal and rapid-eye-movement sleep. Since these ne...
Pin Tract Infection Following Correction of Charcot Foot With Static Circular Fixation

Background:The traditional nonsurgical accommodative treatment for diabetes-associated Charcot foot arthropathy has been unsuccessful in improving the quality of life in affected individuals. This ...
Prophylaxis of Postoperative Thromboembolism with Heparin-Dihydroergotamine Combination

The effect and safety of a fixed combination — 5000 iu of heparin + 0.5 mg of dihydroergotamine every 12 h subcutaneously (HDHE) versus 5000 iu of heparin every 8 h subcutaneously (LDH) for prophylaxis of postoperative venous thromboembolism was evaluated in a prospective randomized clinical trial involving 142 patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Using the radiofibrinogen uptake test postoperative deep venous thrombosis was detected in 10% of 70 patients in the HDHE group and in 14% of 72 patients of the LDH group. Seven patients died. Neither fatal, nor contributory pulmonary emboli were found at autopsy. Pulmonary microembolism diagnosed with lung perfusion scintigraphy and chest radiography developed in three patients treated with LDH and in one patient treated with HDHE. Significantly more wound haematomas and injection site bruises were observed in the LDH group. The conclusion drawn was that the 12-hourly regimen of heparin with DHE was as effective in preventing venous thromboembosis as th...
Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtr1 reveals an active site for an atypical phosphatase.

Changes in the phosphorylation status of the carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) correlate with the process of eukaryotic transcription. The yeast protein regulator of transcription 1 (Rtr1) and the human homolog RNAPII-associated protein 2 (RPAP2) may function as CTD phosphatases; however, crystal structures of Kluyveromyces lactis Rtr1 lack a consensus active site. We identified a phosphoryl transfer domain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rtr1 by obtaining and characterizing a 2.6 A resolution crystal structure. We identified a putative substrate-binding pocket in a deep groove between the zinc finger domain and a pair of helices that contained a trapped sulfate ion. Because sulfate mimics the chemistry of a phosphate group, this structural data suggested that this groove represents the phosphoryl transfer active site. Mutagenesis of the residues lining this groove disrupted catalytic activity of the enzyme assayed in vitro with a fluorescent chemical substrate, and expression of the mutated Rtr1 failed to rescue growth of yeast lacking Rtr1. Characterization of the phosphatase activity of RPAP2 and a mutant of the conserved putative catalytic site in the same chemical assay indicated a conserved reaction mechanism. Our data indicated that the structure of the phosphoryl transfer domain and reaction mechanism for the phosphoryl transfer activity of Rtr1 is distinct from those of other phosphatase families.
The Metamorphoses of Fat: A History of Obesity (European Perspectives: A Series in Social Thought and Cultural Criticism), by Georges Vigarello, translated by C. Jon Delogu

Georges Vigarello’s The Metamorphoses of Fat: A History of Obesity offers scholars in fat studies a lesson on what not to do, as it underscores that the type of history one writes influences what c...
Procedures for radioactive I-131

Details of the radioactive I-131 administration and radiation safety considerations are presented. Topics covered include patient survey, radioactive labelling, levels in patients containing radioactivity, hospital discharge of radioactive patients, and nursing procedures.
A fully automatic framework for cell segmentation on non-confocal adaptive optics images

By the time most retinal diseases are diagnosed, macroscopic irreversible cellular loss has already occurred. Earlier detection of subtle structural changes at the single photoreceptor level is now possible, using the adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope (AOSLO). This work aims to develop a fully automatic segmentation framework to extract cell boundaries from non-confocal split-detection AOSLO images of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in the living human eye. Significant challenges include anisotropy, heterogeneous cell regions arising from shading effects, and low contrast between cells and background. To overcome these challenges, we propose the use of: 1) multi-scale Hessian response to detect heterogeneous cell regions, 2) convex hulls to create boundary templates, and 3) circularlyconstrained geodesic active contours to refine cell boundaries. We acquired images from three healthy subjects at eccentric retinal regions and manually contoured cells to generate ground-truth for evaluating segmentation accuracy. Dice coefficient, relative absolute area difference, and average contour distance were 82±2%, 11±6%, and 2.0±0.2 pixels (Mean±SD), respectively. We find that strong shading effects from vessels are a main factor that causes cell oversegmentation and false segmentation of non-cell regions. Our segmentation algorithm can automatically and accurately segment photoreceptor cells on non-confocal AOSLO images, which is the first step in longitudinal tracking of cellular changes in the individual eye over the time course of disease progression.
SIMULATION OF A REAL-TIME TRAJECTORY GENERATOR FOR AUTOMATED AERIAL REFUELING WITH A REQUIRED TIME OF ARRIVAL

As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increase in capability, the ability to refuel them in the air is becoming more critical. Aerial refueling will extend the range, shorten the response times, and extend loiter times of UAVs. Executing aerial refueling autonomously will reduce the command and control, logistics, and training efforts associated with fielding UAV systems. Currently, the Air Force Research Laboratory is researching the various technologies required to conduct automated aerial refueling (AAR). One of the required technologies is the ability to autonomously rendezvous with the tanker. The goal of this research is to determine the control required to fly an optimum rendezvous using numerical optimization and to design a feedback controller that will approximate that optimal control. This problem has been defined such that the receiver must rendezvous at a specified time with a known tanker path.
Effect of Surface Oxygen Groups and Water on Hydrogen Spillover in Pt-Doped Activated Carbon

The synergistic role of increased oxygen functional groups and water on hydrogen adsorption via hydrogen spillover is explored. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment is used to increase the surface density of oxygen groups on a high surface area-activated carbon (AC), which serves as a secondary receptor for hydrogen spillover after physical mixing with a common Pt-based spillover catalyst. Consistent with previous results, XPS shows that KOH treatment increases atomic concentration of oxygen and the fraction of carbonyl/quinone groups on the surface of the AC. Increased surface density of oxygen groups leads to a significant enhancement of hydrogen spillover at pressures <100 mbar. At 300 K, the hydrogen uptake is 1.1 wt % at 100 mbar and increases to 1.4 wt % at 20 bar. However, only 0.4 wt % of this is desorbable via a pressure reduction at room temperature, and appreciable spillover is observed only when trace water is present during pretreatment. The trace water is believed to affect the development ...
Abstract 565: Anti-CD44 antibody treatment inhibits pancreatic cancer metastasis and post-radiotherapy recurrence

Adhesion molecule CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein, involved in adhesion of extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Elevated CD44 expression was correlated with poor prognosis in many malignancies, including pancreatic cancer. Recent studies suggest that CD44 is a marker for cancer initiating cells or cancer stem cells. The effects of anti-CD44 monoclonal antibody (MAb) on pancreatic cancer, especially combination therapy with radiation remain largely unknown. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of anti-CD44s MAb treatment for human pancreatic cancer both in vitro and in vivo in xenograft models. The anti-CD44s MAb, H4C4, was Protein-A/G affinity purified from ascites and its specific reactivity with cell surface CD44 was confirmed using cellular ELISA. Two human pancreatic cancer cell lines were tested, including MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1. Anti-CD44s MAb H4C4 significantly inhibited cell growth in MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 cells in vitro as compared with control normal mouse IgG (NIgG). Since as a cell adhesion molecule, CD44 plays an important role in anchorage-independent cell growth, we carried out tumorsphere culture assay by culturing cancer cells on ultra-low attachment plates in serum-free condition with either H4C4 or NIgG. The results show that H4C4 dramatically decreased the tumorsphere formation and sphere size in the CD44+ cells. In tumor formation assays, 1 hr pre-incubation of MiaPaCa-2 cells with H4C4 totally blocked tumorigenesis after s.q. implantation in nude mice, but not with NIgG. To evaluate the efficacy of anti-CD44s MAb treatment in vivo, we employed the pancreatic cancer MiaPaCa-2 and Panc-1 orthotopic models in nude mice. The mice received H4C4 or NIgG 4 mg/kg, i.v., three times per week for 5 weeks. H4C4 treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth and metastasis (p Taken together, our data demonstrate that anti-CD44s MAb strongly inhibits the CD44+ tumor growth, metastasis and recurrence in pancreatic cancer models. Mechanism studies indicate that H4C4 blocked CD44-STAT3 signaling pathway, accompanied by reduction of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Our data demonstrate that CD44 may be a promising molecular target for inhibiting metastasis and post-radiotherapy recurrence of human pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 565. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-565
Oxygen-Linked Dissociation and Oxygen Binding by Subunits of Octopus Dofleini Hemocyanin

The hemocyanin of Octopus dofleini consists of a single component with a sedimentation coefficient of 51S. It can be reversibly dissociated in 10 mM EDTA at pH 8.0 to yield 10 identical 11S subunits (Miller & van Holde, 1982; van Holde & Miller, 1985). At pH near 7.0 these subunits form a ~20S putative dimer. We have already examined the oxygen binding of the intact molecule in considerable detail (Miller, 1985). We here report on oxygen linked dissociation in the presence of 10 mM EDTA and on oxygen binding by subunits under these conditions.
None invasive ventilation in exanimation due to respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective To investigate noninvasive ventilation on exanimation due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) with Ⅱ type respiratory failure. Methods 47 cases of exanimation due to COPD with TypeⅡrespiratory failure received noninvasive ventilation in addition to conventional medications. Arterial blood gases were measured and the changes of clinical symptoms were observed before and after ventilation at 2 hours and 10 hours respectively. Results After 10 hours of noninvasive ventilation 81%(38/47) cases with exanimation turn into consciousness, and arterial blood gases improved significantly. The symptoms and arterial blood gases of 7 in 10 obese patients with noninvasive ventilation did not show obvious improvement. Conclusion Noninvasive ventilation is an effective method for the treatment of exanimation due to COPD with TypeⅡrespiratory failure. This may not however apply to obese patients.
A Gender and Sexuality Curriculum for Psychiatry Residents

Few didactic curricula addressing topics of gender and/or sexuality in psychiatry residency training have been published to date. A seminar on gender and sexuality for senior psychiatry residents was developed at the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, in 2008. The 8- to10-week seminar has been taught by a diverse, interprofessional faculty group and covers various topics regarding gender and sexuality. The mean overall evaluation score for 2009–2014 was 4.26 (on a scale of 1–5, with 1 = unacceptable, and 5 = excellent; n = 27). Seminars on gender and sexuality are well received by learners. More psychiatry residency programs may consider developing similar curricula.
Culture and evidence-based prevention programs.

This chapter reviews culturally sensitive approaches to developing evidence-based prevention programs and introduces a two-dimensional framework to incorporating culture into prevention that takes into account knowledge base and effort orientation. We highlight the importance of collaborative preventive efforts between researchers, practitioners, and communities, and provide a detailed description of cultural adaptation and cultural grounding as two collaborative approaches. The chapter concludes with a review of empirical support for culturally sensitive interventions and implementation challenges to culturally sensitive evidence-based prevention programs.
Structure and Function of the Replication Origin Region of the Resistance Factors R100 and R1

Rl and R100 are large complex plasmids, approximately 90 kb in size, that code for multiple antibiotic resistance and functions involved in conjugal transfer of plasmid DNA.1,2 Both Rl and R100 belong to the FII plasmid incompatability group,3 indicating that the control of DNA replication in these plasmids is similar. Heteroduplex studies have confirmed this relationship by showing that the regions of Rl and R100 that are required for autonomous DNA replication have great sequence homology.4 This region is about 2.5 kb in length for R100, and, in addition to the replication origin,5,6,7 encodes at least one function that is required for replication. Part of this 2.5 kb replication region also encodes functions involved in plasmid incompatibility and copy number control.6 Studies with Rl have led to very similar conclusions.8
Fetoprotein Derived Short Peptide Coated Nanostructured Amphiphilic Surfaces for Targeting Mouse Breast Cancer Cells

In this work, self-assembled tumor targeting nanostructured surfaces were developed from a newly designed amphiphile by conjugating boc protected isoleucine with 2,2′ ethylenedioxy bis ethylamine (IED). To target mouse mammary tumor cells, a short peptide sequence derived from the human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), LSEDKLLACGEG was attached to the self-assembled nanostructures. Tumor targeting and cell proliferation were examined in the presence of nanoscale assemblies. To further obliterate mouse breast tumor cells, the chemotherapeutic drug tamoxifen was then entrapped into the nanoassemblies. Our studies indicated that the targeting systems were able to efficiently encapsulate and release tamoxifen. Cell proliferation studies showed that IED-AFP peptide loaded with tamoxifen decreased the proliferation of breast cancer cells while in the presence of the IED-AFP peptide nanoassemblies alone, the growth was relatively slower. In the presence of human dermal fibroblasts however cell proliferation continued similar to controls. Furthermore, the nanoscale assemblies were found to induce apoptosis in mouse breast cancer cells. To examine live binding interactions, SPR analysis revealed that tamoxifen encapsulated IED-AFP peptide nanoassemblies bound to the breast cancer cells more efficiently compared to unencapsulated assemblies. Thus, we have developed nanoscale assemblies that can specifically bind to and target tumor cells, with increased toxicity in the presence of a chemotherapeutic drug.
Photo-Elicitation/Photovoice Interviews to Study Mathematics Teacher Identity

How do mathematics teachers see themselves? The construct of identity is an important and understudied construct in understanding mathematics teaching. In this study, two Latino high school Algebra teachers participated in photo-elicitation/photovoice interviews. They presented photographs of their professional and personal “worlds” and told stories about how these photographs connected to their mathematics teaching. The teachers framed their mathematics teacher identity through touchstone stories, the internal narratives teachers tell themselves but share only in “safe” spaces. These touchstone stories focused on sociocultural aspects of mathematics teaching—on the importance of the teachers’ ethnic Latino identities and on the need to take on entirely different teaching identities. This study showed that aspects of mathematics teacher identity, specifically internal stories that teachers tell themselves, and can be documented and elicited through stories and photographs.
309. Optimization of Production of AAVrh.10 Viral Vectors

With the increasing interest in the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to treat human disorders, there is increasing focus on optimizing AAV production to improve yield, purity and potency. The production of AAV vectors can be conceptualized in two stages: upstream cell culture and downstream purification and formulation. As an example of how AAV production can be optimized, we assessed upstream (cell density at transfection, plasmid and transfection reagent concentration, cell culture nutrients and harvest timing) and downstream (virus recovery, purification methods, potency) steps in the production of AAVrh. 10, a nonhuman primate vector, using adherent 293T cells and a 2 plasmid transfection system using polyethylenimine (PEI). Upstream, vector yield, as measured by quantitative PCR in the cell harvest from transfections at each of several different cell densities peaked at 8 × 104 cell/cm2. Total vector yield as a function of time after transfection peaked at day 3 post-transfection with diminishing returns and greater partitioning into the cell supernatant at longer times. Higher vector yield correlated with a greater total quantity of plasmid and PEI, but changing the PEI:plasmid ratio from 1:1 diminished productivity. Fetal bovine serum concentration had minimal effect. Downstream, freeze-thaw methods were not reproducible. Physically lysing the cells was not as effective for AAV recovery as the detergents, triton or tween, which were equally effective, with the lowest effective detergent concentration important to minimize the residual detergent in the final product. While iodixanol gradients are the traditional AAV purification systems, depth filtration followed by tangential flow filtration worked well for small scale production (>90%), but for large scale was less efficient (>70%). Affinity chromatography using AVB (GE Healthcare Life Sciences), provided an effective purification with maximum vector loads of up to 3 × 1012 vector genomes per ml of packed column. Finally, concentration of the final bulk AAV product was critically dependent on a formulation that stabilizes the solubility of the AAV monomer, with 0.01% pluronic acid providing AAV recovery of nearly 80%. Together, the optimized methods for the best yield, purity and potency relied on transfection with equal amounts of plasmid and PEI and a cell density of 8 × 104 cells/cm2 combined with the use of detergent to disrupt and recover AAV and sequential purification by depth filtration, tangential flow filtration and affinity chromatography. This process improved the yield from harvest to final product from 9% to 40% and achieved final purified AAV at 7 × 109 vector genomes/cm2 of adherent cell culture. These systematic refinements to the individual steps of AAV production demonstrate improved yield and facilitates transfer of a method for GMP production for clinical use.
Stress, Definitions and Concepts of*

Stress may be defined as a real or interpreted threat to the physiological or psychological integrity of an individual that results in physiological and/or behavioral responses. In biomedicine, stress often refers to situations in which the adrenal glucocorticoids and catecholamines are elevated because of an experience. Stress is also a subjective experience that may or may not correspond to physiological responses, and the word stress is widely used in many languages as part of daily discourse.
Online Algorithms for Adaptive Cyber Defense on Bayesian Attack Graphs

Emerging zero-day vulnerabilities in information and communications technology systems make cyber defenses very challenging. In particular, the defender faces uncertainties of; e.g., system states and the locations and the impacts of vulnerabilities. In this paper, we study the defense problem on a computer network that is modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process on a Bayesian attack graph. We propose online algorithms which allow the defender to identify effective defense policies when utility functions are unknown a priori. The algorithm performance is verified via numerical simulations based on real-world attacks.
Transition and Electron Impact Excitation Collision Rates for O iii

Transition probabilities, electron excitation collision strengths, and rate coefficients for a large number of O iii lines over a broad wavelength range, from the infrared to ultraviolet, have been reported. The collision strengths have been calculated in the close-coupling approximation using the B-spline Breit–Pauli R-matrix method. The multiconfiguration Hartree–Fock method in combination with B-spline expansions is employed for an accurate representation of the target wave functions. The close-coupling expansion contains 202 O2+ fine-structure levels of the , , , and configurations. The effective collision strengths are obtained by averaging electron excitation collision strengths over a Maxwellian distribution of velocities at electron temperatures ranging from 100 to 100,000 K. The calculated effective collision strengths have been reported for the 20,302 transitions between all 202 fine-structure levels. There is an overall good agreement with the recent R-matrix calculations by Storey et al. for the transitions between all levels of the ground configuration, but significant discrepancies have been found with Palay et al. for transitions to the 1 S 0 level. Line intensity ratios between the optical lines arising from the − 1 D 2 transitions have been compared with other calculations and observations from the photoionized gaseous nebulae, and good agreement is found. The present calculations provide the most complete and accurate data sets, which should allow a more detailed treatment of the available measured spectra from different ground and space observatories.
Abstract 12206: Altered Cardiomyocyte Inotropic Response to Chymase/Ang-(1-12) Pathway Activation in Heart Failure

Background: Angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)], a new member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been identified as a chymase-dependent source for Angiotensin II (Ang II) inotropic activity. Rec...
Lewis-Base-Catalyzed Reductive Aldol Reaction To Access Quaternary Carbons

A synthetic method for the efficient construction of β-hydroxylactones and lactams bearing α-quaternary carbon centers is described. This transformation relies on an electronically differentiated Lewis base catalyst, which is uniquely capable of promoting a reductive aldol reaction of α,α-disubstituted and α,α,β-trisubstituted enones. This approach provides a valuable synthetic alternative for carbon–carbon bond formation in complex molecular settings due to its orthogonal reactivity compared to that of traditional aldol reactions. Based on this method described herein, lactones, lactams, and morpholine amides bearing α-quaternary carbon centers are accessible in yields up to 85% and 50:1 dr.
Gamifying Accelerometer Use Increases Physical Activity Levels of Sedentary Office Workers

Background Sedentary work is hazardous. Over 80% of all US jobs are predominantly sedentary, placing full‐time office workers at increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity and mortal...
Efficient Memory-Based Dynamic Programming

A novel memory-based approach to dynamic programming that addresses the issue of generalization is presented. In this approach action values are represented by storing actual experiences in a memory and computed by a kind of locally weighted regression, and generalizations are made by searching the memory for relevant experience. The new approach does not require the quantization of continuous state or action spaces and can achieve arbitrarily variable resolution. By concentrating on important areas of the state space while ignoring the rest, the method represents an attempt to dodge Bellman's curse of dimensionality. This memory-based dynamic programming method has been implemented on a parallel machine, the Connection Machine, and used to successfully model and control a cart-pole system.
Buckling of Stochastically Imperfect Structures

Some analyses of the static and dynamic buckling of imperfection-sensitive structures with small random imperfections are reviewed and extended. Statistical properties such as the mean of buckling load and the probability of failure at specified loads are presented for structures whose response and buckling loads can be characterized by one imperfection parameter. For structures for which ergodicity assumptions are reasonable an analysis is presented for determing the dynamic buckling loads for impulsive loading. These buckling loads are compared with results for static and step loading.
SEESAW: using superpages to improve VIPT caches

Hardware caches balance fast lookup, high hit rates, energy efficiency, and simplicity of implementation. For L1 caches however, achieving this balance is difficult because of constraints imposed by virtual memory. L1 caches are usually virtually-indexed and physically tagged (VIPT), but this means that they must be highly associative to achieve good capacity. Unfortunately, excessive associativity compromises performance by degrading access times without significantly boosting hit rates, and increases access energy. We propose Seesaw to overcome this problem. Seesaw leverages the increasing ubiquity of superpages1 - since super-pages have more page offset bits, they can accommodate VIPT caches with more sets than what is traditionally possible with only base page sizes. Seesaw dynamically reduces the number of ways that are looked up based on the page size, improving performance and energy. Seesaw requires modest hardware and no OS or application changes.
The making of welcome to light fields VR

Light fields can provide transportive immersive experiences with a level of realism unsurpassed by any other imaging technology. Within a limited viewing volume, light fields accurately reproduce stereo parallax, motion parallax, reflections, refractions, and volumetric effects for real-world scenes. While light fields have been explored in computer graphics since the mid-90's [Gortier et al. 1996; Levoy and Hanrahan 1996], practical systems for recording, processing, and delivering high quality light field experiences have remained out of reach.In this talk, we describe the hardware and software developed to produce the Welcome to Light Fields virtual reality experience, the first immersive light field experience that can be downloaded and viewed on VR-ready computers with HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, and Windows Mixed Reality HMDs. This piece enables the user to step into a collection of panoramic light field still photographs and be guided through a number of light field environments, including the flight deck of Space Shuttle Discovery. Welcome to Light Fields is a free VR app. on the Steam Store that was launched in March 2018 [Google VR 2018].This piece is the culmination of a multi-year effort to develop consumer-ready light field technology. We built new camera rigs for light field capture and new algorithms for light field rendering. In this talk, we delve into the details from capture to rendering and the steps in between.We emphasize that our system generates stereoscopic views of a light field for use in current generation consumer VR HMDs. As future work, it could be of interest to display such datasets on near eye light field displays [Lanman and Luebke 2013] to render effects of visual accommodation.