cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Digital optical module and system design for km-scale neutrino detector in ice

Abstract A general electronic engineering approach for a km-scale high-energy neutrino ice Cerenkov detector is described. The scope includes both electronic circuitry for processing signals from the large photomultiplier tubes (PMT) and system architecture. The general performance goal is the capture of PMT waveform information of high dynamic range with ≃1 ns timing accuracy. The system concept is an all-digital approach with copper-based links. The architecture is intended to provide high quality data, simple connectivity, low operating power, ease of deployment, and low construction cost, as well as a modern networking interface.
The Political Economy of Import-Substituting Industrialization in Latin America

Introduction: Disenchantment with industrialization in Latin America, 1. — I. Four impulses of import-substituting industrialization (ISI), 4. — II. Characteristics of the initial phase of ISI: industrialization by tightly separated stages, 6; "late" vs. "late late" industrialization, 8; the sources of entrepreneurship, 9; the exuberant phase of ISI and its political consequences, 11. — III. The alleged exhaustion of ISI, 13; a naive and a semi-naive exhaustion model, 13; criticism of the semi-naive model: the importance of policy, 14. — IV. Economic, political and technological determinants of backward linkage, 17. — V. The inability to export manufactures: "structural" causes and remedies, 24. — Conclusion, 31.
Lower temperature of the cauda epididymidis facilitates the storage of sperm by enhancing oxygen availability

The temperature coefficients for the oxygen consumption rate of sperm from the rat, mouse, bull, and sea urchin were measured to be within a range of 2.7 to 3.0. For a reduction in temperature from 37°C to 30°C, the respiration rate of mammalian sperm declined by a factor of approximately 2.1. Hence, the availability of oxygen to sustain these sperm substantially increased over this temperature range. In addition, the solubility of oxygen in cauda epididymidal fluid increased by 7.6% for a decline in temperature from 37°C to 30°C. The increased availability of oxygen to sperm at the lower temperature is related to the increased storage capacity of the cauda epididymidis in scrotal mammals. In this context, it is suggested that the evolutionary migration of the cauda epididymidis to a cooler, extra-abdominal location may have been influenced by the increased availability of oxygen to sperm and hence resulted in an increased capacity to sustain and thereby store more sperm per unit volume of duct.
Distinctions Between Worry and Perceived Risk in the Context of the Theory of Planned Behavior

Worry and risk perception were integrated into the theory of planned behavior (TPB) within health and non-health domains (flossing and academic coursework, respectively). Models were estimated and replicated in 2 undergraduate samples (ns = 191 and 309), with effects of worry and risk on intentions expected to occur primarily through attitudes. Past behavior was modeled through effects on all TPB constructs and through interactions with worry and risk. Worry positively predicted intentions and attitudes (and norms in the non-health domain) for those at the lowest levels of prior behavior. Risk perceptions negatively predicted intentions and self-efficacy (and attitudes in the health context) also for those at low levels of prior behavior. Implications for further theory development are discussed. The theory of planned behavior (TPB; Ajzen & Madden, 1986) has been extensively applied to describe and predict behavior across a wide variety of contexts. Recently, there has been recognition of the value of integrative models, in which constructs from more than one theoretical framework are combined in unique ways (Baranowski, 1993; Fishbein, 2000; Fishbein & Cappella, 2006; Nigg, Allegrante, & Ory, 2002). The focus of these integrative models is not simply on testing whether a single theory holds in a particular context, but on continual theory development via the extension and improvement of current well-established theories, with the eventual goal of optimal intervention development. Our purpose is to integrate the widely studied concepts of worry and risk perception into the broader theoretical framework of the TPB to be applied to two behaviors: flossing (a health behavior), and studying (a non-health behavior).
The Effect of Surgical and Chemical Bursectomy in the White Pekin Duck

Abstract REMOVAL of the chicken’s bursa prior to 5 weeks of age will reduce or eliminate the bird’s ability to produce circulating antibody, Glick et al. (1956), Chang et al. (1957), Glick (1960), and Mueller et al. (1960). Glick (1962a) reported that bursectomy did not significantly influence the antibody production of the White Pekin duck. This paper is a detailed report of the results of bursectomy experiments with the White Pekin duckling. Also, the influence of dipping eggs in alcohol solutions of testosterone propionate on gland weights, antibody response, and white blood cell counts of the hatched duckling will be presented. PROCEDURE White Pekin ducklings were received from a commercial hatchery for trials 1 and 2. In trial 1, bursectomy was performed on 20 birds at 9 days and 20 birds at 16 days of age. The bursectomy procedure was the same as the one previously outlined for the chicken, Glick…
Estimation over Wireless Sensor Networks

Remote estimation problems are critical to many novel applications enabled by large-scale dense wireless sensor network. Individual sensors simultaneously sense, process and transmit measured information over a lossy wireless network to a central base station, which processes the data and produces an optimal estimate of the state. In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between the estimation performance and the number of communicating nodes with respect to the major MAC protocols used in wireless sensor networks. We first construct a Markov model of the node behavior to study the correlation between packet reception probability and the number of communicating nodes. We then develop a multi-sensor measurement fusion model. This is used to feed a multi-sensor Kalman filtering algorithm to assess the impact of MAC protocols on estimation performance. We offer a target tracking example to illustrate our approach.
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Inside-Out Signaling through Focal Adhesions

Cell adhesion is key to many important processes such as cell differentiation and migration, which all involve bi-directional signaling across the plasma membrane. At sites of adhesion a large assembly of macromolecules, called focal adhesions, function together in order to orchestrate complex signaling events. It is not yet clear how molecules in focal adhesions communicate with one another causing the signals to be transmitted through their interaction. Cells sense and respond to both chemical and mechanical signals suggesting that individual focal adhesion molecules should act as mechanosensors. Mechanical forces from the extracellular matrix (ECM) are detected by integrin receptors on the plasma membrane and transmitted to actin cytoskeleton through focal adhesions, which is called out-side-in signaling. The reverse process is also possible in which acto-myosin forces are applied to the ECM. Some proteins play key roles in regulating focal adhesions and their function may shed light on the order of events in a certain signaling pathway. Talin, alpha-actinin and filamin are among a few molecules that directly bind to both actin and integrin, and thus focal adhesions are largely affected by their function. It has been shown that talin plays a significant role in integrin activation, which is essential for initiating focal adhesion formation, while filamin inhibits integrin activation. The role of alpha-actinin is somehow controversial, i.e. it is not yet clear whether it inhibits or promotes activation since both observations have been made. We use all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role of each of these molecules both in isolation and in competition with one another. Our results reveal how the presence of one molecule would affect the interaction of others suggesting possible cooperative functions in some cases.
Integrated solutions for ubiquitous use of electricity and cyber services

With the development of Broadband over Power Lines (BPL) technology, the electricity and cyber services require a new system's view of developing hybrid infrastructures with integrated services. This paper mainly explores the following three questions: a) what is state-of-the-art BPL research and applications?, b) what are the opportunities for integrated electricity and cyber services?, c) where the research should lead us and why? Existing efforts, including research issues and commercial products, solutions and services are presented in this paper. Status of the standardization in this area is also discussed. Besides the research topics, this paper points out the educational and training issues that will need to be addressed in the future by the education programs at various levels.
Hemodynamics in the pink abalone, Haliotis corrugata (mollusca, gastropoda). I. Pressure relations and pressure gradients in intact animals

After establishing basic anatomical relationships in the circulatory system of the pink abalone, Haliotis corrugata, blood-pressure measurements were made in the ventricle, aorta, left epipodial artery, afferent ctenidial veins, efferent ctenidial veins, and the pericardial chamber with strain-gauge manometers on unrestrained specimens at 15°C. All sites showed pulsatile pressures of low magnitude. Intraventricular pressure normally ranged from slightly above ambient during diastole to about 8 cm water at systole, and produced a mean pressure gradient of 5.5 cm water between the aorta and the efferent ctenidial veins. Pressure variations and pulse waves recorded from structures within the pericardium support a constant-volume mechanism for cardiac filling. There is no clear evidence that body movement enhanced venous return.
Opiniones ciudadanas sobre desigualdad social y globalización

A la globalizacion se le achacan consecuencias sociales injustas, por lo que es importante saber lo que piensan los ciudadanos del mundo de la desigualdad social. El autor compara los datos de treinta paises recogidos en 1987, 1992 y 1999 por el Programa Internacional de Encuestas Sociales y analiza las opiniones reinantes en varios grupos de naciones: economias de mercado, paises en transicion y en desarrollo y paises de lengua inglesa. Da cuenta de las percepciones que tiene la poblacion acerca de la desigualdad en su pais y entre unos paises y otros. Tambien analiza el apoyo que se da a las politicas de redistribucion de la riqueza en los planos nacional e internacional. Algunas de sus averiguaciones son previsibles y otras sorprendentes, pero todas son estimulantes intelectualmente para los gobernantes, politicos y especialistas.
The dynamic character of the wake of an axisymmetric body at an angle of attack

The flow around a hemisphere-cylinder was studied at angles of attack alpha = 0-90 deg. The work was carried out in two wind tunnels, using hot wire anemometers and seven-hole probes at Reynolds number of 2.7 x 10 exp 4. Five distinct states of vortex unsteadiness were detected. For angles of attack less than 14 deg, the flow is rather stable. For alpha between 15 and 23 deg, meandering occurs at a reduced frequency of 0.065. For alpha between 24 and 32 deg, three frequencies were recorded at 0.11, 0.21, and 0.31. At even higher angles of attack, alpha between 33 and 41 deg, two frequencies were seen at 0.11 and 0.19. The onset of alternate shedding is at alpha = 42 deg, above which, alternate shedding occurred at 0.065. However, above 55 deg, shedding occurred at 0.15. Asymmetric wake structures over the hemisphere-cylinder were also investigated. It was found that asymmetric structures too are not steady but engage in periodic organized motions.
Intergenerational effects of college graduation on career sex atypicality in women

This study was designed to determine whether parents' possession of a baccalaureate degree influenced the sex atypicality of the careers attained by their college-educated daughters. The intergenerational effect of mother's or father's possession of a baccalaureate degree was examined for members of two racial groups who were included among respondents to the 1971 and 1980 CIRP surveys. The sample was limited to females who attended a single four-year college or university as first-time matriculants in 1971 and were also full-time participants in the labor force in 1980. A final sample of 1,596 respondents (1,269 whites and 327 blacks) met all selection criteria. A 15-variable block recursive model was estimated to study vocational behavior processes in the subjects as related to five categories of variables: (1) student background characteristics; (2) precollege variables; (3) institutional characteristics of the college attended; (4) measures of the collegiate experience; and (5) outcome measures (educational attainment, sex atypicality of career). Results substantiated the indirect influence of father's and mother's college education on the women's educational attainment and career sex atypicality 9 years after matriculation in college. Intergroup differences in effects suggested differences in family and vocational processes.
The Effect of Medicaid Family Planning Expansions on Unplanned Births

Background Medicaid covers nearly 50% of all family planning services nationally. Between 1994 and 2001, 11 states implemented demonstration programs that expand coverage of family planning beyond the federally mandated minimum coverage levels. Methods We estimate the effect of income- and postpartum-based eligibility expansions on birth rates using states that did not expand coverage as a control for states that did expand coverage. Our data span 1991–2001 and include all 50 states. We also estimate net expansion costs from societal and state perspectives for 5 expansions that published incremental expansion costs. Results We find that Medicaid eligibility expansions lowered average annual birth rates in all states. Birth rates were reduced on average by 1.95 points in income-based expansions and by 0.87 points in postpartum-based expansions. The cost offset of maternal and child health expenditures of the expansions exceed program costs in all states but California. This result is likely because the objectives and scope of the California program goes beyond just unplanned births, which makes the program cost higher relative to the reduction in births. Conclusions Both income- and postpartum-based family planning expansions either yield financial benefits or, at the very least, are cost neutral from the perspective of state governments. Income-based expansions are significantly more effective because eligibility is not limited to only postpartum women. The experience of these early family planning expansions should be a guide for other states considering family planning benefit expansions. From the national perspective, 4 out of 5 programs were cost neutral, although California had significantly higher costs. From the state’s perspective, all of the expansions were either budget neutral or yielded a net cost savings.
Hurricane causes resource and pollination limitation of fruit set in a bird-pollinated shrub

Hurricanes can strip leaves from plants and provide other stresses that can reduce resource availability for subsequent reproduction. In addition, hurricanes commonly reduce populations of bird pollinators. I measured both resource and pollination limitation of fruit set for Bahama Swamp-bush (Pavonia bahamensis) on San Salvador Island in the Bahamas before and after two seasons of hurricanes. Before the hurricanes in the winter flowering season in 1994–1995, fruit set of P. bahamensis was 100% for most shrubs. After a mild hurricane, in 1995–1996, fruit set was 48%. After the severe Hurricane Lili (Category 2) in 1996–1997, mean fruit set was only 11%. In both years after the hurricanes, lower fruit set reflected resource limitation. In 1996–1997 after Hurricane Lili, fruit set was severely reduced an additional 74% by pollination limitation. Pollination limitation was caused by declines of the two bird pollinators, Bananaquits and Bahama Woodstars. In 1994–1995, both species were frequent visitors to fl...
Masimo signal extraction pulse oximetry.

Objective.To describe a new pulse oximetry technology and measurement paradigm developed by Masimo Corporation.Introduction.Patient motion, poor tissue perfusion, excessive ambient light, and electrosurgical unit interference reduce conventional pulse oximeter (CPO) measurement integrity. Patient motion frequently generates erroneous pulse oximetry values for saturation and pulse rate. Motion-induced measurement error is due in part to wide spread implementation of a theoretical pulse oximetry model which assumes that arterial blood is the only light-absorbing pulsatile component in the optical path. Methods.Masimo Signal Extraction Technology(SET®) pulse oximetry begins with conventional red and infrared photoplethysmographic signals, and then employs a constellation of advanced techniques including radiofrequency and light-shielded optical sensors, digital signal processing, and adaptive filtration, to measure SpO2 accurately during challenging clinical conditions. In contrast to CPO which calculates O2 saturation from the ratio of transmitted pulsatile red and infrared light, Masimo SET pulse oximetry uses a new conceptual model of light absorption for pulse oximetry and employs the discrete saturation transform (DST) to isolate individual “saturation components” in the optical pathway. Typically, when the tissue under analysis is stationary, only the single saturation component produced by pulsatile arterial blood is present.In contrast, during patient motion, movement of non-arterial components (for example, venous blood) can be identified as additional saturation components (with a lower O2 saturation). When conditions of the Masimo model are met, the saturation component corresponding to the highest O2 saturation is reported by the instrument as SpO2. Conclusion.The technological strategies implemented in Masimo SET pulse oximetry effectively permit continuous monitoring of SpO2 during challenging clinical conditions of motion and poor tissue perfusion.
Variations in Glycogen Synthesis in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells with Altered Pluripotent States.

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent very promising resources for cell-based regenerative medicine. It is essential to determine the biological implications of some fundamental physiological processes (such as glycogen metabolism) in these stem cells. In this report, we employ electron, immunofluorescence microscopy, and biochemical methods to study glycogen synthesis in hPSCs. Our results indicate that there is a high level of glycogen synthesis (0.28 to 0.62 μg/μg proteins) in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) compared with the glycogen levels (0 to 0.25 μg/μg proteins) reported in human cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that glycogen synthesis was regulated by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) and the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) pathway. Our observation of glycogen bodies and sustained expression of the pluripotent factor Oct-4 mediated by the potent GSK-3 inhibitor CHIR-99021 reveals an altered pluripotent state in hPSC culture. We further confirmed glycogen variations under different naive pluripotent cell growth conditions based on the addition of the GSK-3 inhibitor BIO. Our data suggest that primed hPSCs treated with naive growth conditions acquire altered pluripotent states, similar to those naive-like hPSCs, with increased glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, we found that suppression of phosphorylated glycogen synthase was an underlying mechanism responsible for altered glycogen synthesis. Thus, our novel findings regarding the dynamic changes in glycogen metabolism provide new markers to assess the energetic and various pluripotent states in hPSCs. The components of glycogen metabolic pathways offer new assays to delineate previously unrecognized properties of hPSCs under different growth conditions.
Constructing Civil Liberties: Reconstituting Privacy and Criminal Process Rights

Introduction Traditional narratives of constitutional development concerning the criminal process protections of the Bill of Rights, including the Fourth Amendment's search and seizure provision and the Fifth Amendment's self-incrimination clause (both of which I spotlight illustratively) are paradigmatically Whiggish. In those narratives, the promise of the Constitution's criminal process protections are by and large dormant – neglected, even – in a state of courts and parties preoccupied with the protection of economic rights. But then, at the urging of progressive and civil libertarian legal and political activists who cared about those rights, these protections were finally nursed to fulfillment, achieving their apotheosis during the Supreme Court's liberal Warren years (1953–69). Since then, the belatedly realized criminal process guarantees of the Bill of Rights are held to have either been institutionalized as a quasi-permanent part of the contemporary constitutional order, holding their place amidst either public indifference or even hostility; or, alternatively, they are held to be in genuine peril from the persistent predations of a political right that seeks to “turn back the clock” on those hard-won constitutional rights. This familiar account of constitutional development concerning the criminal process provisions of the Bill of Rights is straightforward, elegant, and inspiring. In the style of a successful Aristotelian narrative, it has a beginning, a middle, and an end. It puts a moral project at its center.
Effect of Pile–Soil Interaction on Structural Dynamics of Large Moment Magnitude-Scale Offshore Wind Turbines in Shallow-Water Western Gulf of Mexico

The effect of pile–soil interaction on structural dynamics is investigated for a large offshore wind turbine (OWT) in the hurricane-prone Western Gulf of Mexico (GOM) shallow water. The OWT has a rotor with three 100-meter blades and a monotower structure. Loads on the turbine rotor and the support structure subject to a 100-year return hurricane are determined. Several types of soil are considered and modeled with a distributed spring system. The results reveal that pile–soil interaction affects dynamics of the turbine support structure significantly, but not the rotor dynamics. Designed with proper pile lengths, natural frequencies of the turbine structure in different soils stay outside dominant frequencies of wave energy spectra in both normal operating and hurricane sea states, but stay between blade passing frequency intervals. Hence, potential resonance of the turbine support structure is not of concern. A comprehensive Campbell diagram is constructed for safe operation of the offshore turbine in different soils.
3D Flame Measurements at 5 kHz on a Jet Fueled Aviation Combustor

This paper describes the measurements of three-dimensional (3D) flame measurements at 5 kHz from an optically accessible, atmospheric combustor burning Jet A. The measurements were performed by 3D tomography of flame chemiluminescence emissions. Such measurements resolve the instantaneous flame topography generated by the combustor in all three spatial directions and at a temporal resolution of 5 kHz (0.2 ms), essentially providing 4D information about the combustor. This paper reports the measurement technique, the experimental implementation, the results and their expected use for the continued development of future combustor concepts.© 2015 ASME
COMPARISON OF LONGITUDINAL AND CROSS-SECTIONAL ANALYSIS: MATERNAL AGE AND STILLBIRTH RATIO

Previous studies have reported a U or J shaped association between stillbirth ratio and maternal age and have led to attempts to determine the causes behind the association. These analyses have generally been based on cross-sectional data. This study contrasts the descriptions of the association resulting from cross-sectional and the more appropriate longitudinal analysis of the same body of data. It is concluded that cross-sectional analysis substantially underestimates the maternal age of which stillbirth ratio reaches a minimum for each birth order examined. Additionally, the basic shape of the relationship is sometimes altered. Weighted logistic polynomial regression is used to describe the associations. Traditional interpretations of the results of a cross-sectional analysis have been that women who postpone childbearing until the late twenties thereby increase their risk of stillbirth. A consequence of the present findings is the rejection of the claim that women who choose employment during the period of their early twenties automatically incur elevated risk of stillbirth in their postponed pregnancies.
Group-type characterization of crude oil and bitumen. Part II: Efficient separation and quantification of normal-paraffins iso-paraffins and naphthenes (PIN)

Abstract The SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) separation and quantification have been widely used for characterizing the composition of crude oil and bitumen. The saturate hydrocarbons are the most valuable fraction of the oil industry and contain vital geochemical information for determining the origin and formation of petroleum fluids and for assessing the hydrocarbon potential and sedimentary environment of source rocks. It is therefore necessary to further separate the saturate fraction into normal paraffins, iso-paraffins and naphthenes (PIN fractions). Nevertheless, the convenient approach of PIN separation has never been reported on in the literature. Here, we present an efficient method that allows us to further separate the saturate fraction of crude oil or bitumen into PIN fractions through the automated multi-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography system (AMD-HPLC). In essence, the system is equipped with a “PIN1” column (Silicon: S115) packed with a 5.4 A molecular sieve and a “PIN2” column (Silicon: 50%S115 + 50%S130) packed with a 6.2 A molecular sieve. Each set of columns is connected in a series via multi-position valves that allow a given column to be inserted “in” or to be by-passed “out” of the flow path of the mobile phase at pre-set times in the process. When use iso-octane and n-octane or their mixture as mobile phases, the system separates the saturate hydrocarbon into PIN fractions simply through three steps under a temperature range of 25–140 °C. An entire PIN analysis cycle takes nearly 60 min, including system re-conditioning. The separated PIN fractions can be quantified using either gravimetric method or evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) technique. Experimental results exhibit excellent qualitative and quantitative capability.
Dietary fibre composition in developing apple fruits

SummaryChanges in dietary fibre composition of ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Stayman’ apples were studied over the course of fruit development. Fruit were analysed every 15 d starting 30 d after full bloom (DAFB) up to 150 DAFB in ‘Delicious’, 135 DAFB in ‘Golden Delicious’, and 120 DAFB in ‘Stayman’. Nonstarch cell wall materials (NSCWM) and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) content of apple flesh of all the cultivars decreased during development. During the period between 30 DAFB and 120 DAFB, NSP content of ‘Delicious’, ‘Golden Delicious’, and ‘Stayman’ fruit decreased by 25.2%, 29.0%, and 19.3%, respectively. Relative amount of monosaccharides present in apple fibre also changed during development. Proportions of rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, and galactose decreased during development while the proportions of xylose, glucose and uronic acid increased. Firmness of apple flesh was positively correlated with its NSP content. Firmness was also strongly correlated with the amounts of galactose, gluco...
Network Properties of the Dentate Gyrus in Epileptic Rats With Hilar Neuron Loss and Granule Cell Axon Reorganization

Buckmaster, Paul S. and F. Edward Dudek. Network properties of the dentate gyrus in epileptic rats with hilar neuron loss and granule cell axon reorganization. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2685–2696, 1997....
Impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter for low power low data rate biomedical sensor applications

This paper presents a fully integrated (on-off keying) impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) transmitter suitable for low-power wireless biomedical sensors. The transmitter operates at 3–5 GHz frequency range with a channel bandwidth of ∼2GHz. Implemented in a standard 130-nm CMOS process the proposed transmitter follows on/-off keying (OOK) modulation scheme and consumes an average power of 496 μW with 1.2 V supply voltage. Simulation results show that the pulse duration is 3.5ns and the peak amplitude of the power spectrum is −46.8 dBm/MHz and which fully complies with the FCC spectral mask.
Ultra Early Vasospasm following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality Poor Outcome (P3.112)

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical implications of Ultra-Early Vasospasm(UEVS)following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). BACKGROUND:SAH remains associated with high mortality rate. After impact of bleed and rebleeding, delayed cerebral ischemia from vasospasm is leading cause of morbidity and mortality after SAH. Much less is known about Ultra early vasospasm (UEVS). Cerebral arterial narrowing on angiography within the first 48 hours of aneurysmal rupture DESIGN/METHODS: Single center, prospective, observational cohort (N= 1670) between August 1996 and June 2013. We imputed data for 3 month outcome (19[percnt] missing follow-up). Multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify independent associations. = 4) were associated with developing UEV (OR: 2.1, 95[percnt] CI: 1.2 to 3.4). In a multivariate model younger age, sentinel bleed, HH grade, clipping and presence of ICH were independently associated with UEVS. After controlling for admission age, clinical grade, APACHE II Physiologic subscore and aneurysm size > 10mm, UEVS was associated with a 2 fold increased risk for poor outcome ( OR : 2.1 ; 95[percnt] CI : 1.0-4.2, p-0.04) when compared to patients with delayed vasospasm. CONCLUSIONS:UEVS was related to increased risk for both symptomatic vasospasm and delayed infarction from cerebral vasospasm. Patients with UEVS have increased risk of morbidity and mortality at 3 months compared to patients with delayed spasm. Disclosure: Dr. Al-Mufti has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schmidt has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mayer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lahiri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dangayach has nothing to disclose. Dr. Park has nothing to disclose. Dr. Agarwal has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mayer has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion Pharmaceuticals, Baxter, Biogen Idec, Codman Neuro, CSL Behring, Cornerstone Therapeutics, CR Bard, Novartis, Orsan Medical Technologies, Pfizer Inc., Sage Therapeutics, Stryker, No Dr. Claassen has nothing to disclose.
Capital Revenge: Ideologiekritik and The Revenant

Though superficially The Revenant is an expertly written, acted, and directed new age Western about one man's wild quest for revenge. It is all of those things to be sure, but this critical review essay goes deeper and explores the ideological dimensions of the film, arguing that the film's main antagonist is actually a capitalistic hero representing the mindless application of the endless drive for profit and wealth. Furthermore, this essay concludes with the dialectical assertion that it is precisely because of the audience's situatedness within the ideological confines of capitalism that they are able to view the antagonist as the villain of the film.
National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model: The Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality

Plain language summary This study examines how national competitiveness, measured as productivity per worker, is fostered within an economy using a sample of 90 developed and developing economies. We build upon Porter's popular Diamond Model, but extend it by adding the quality of public governance and extent of multinational enterprise penetration as two additional elements. Our study shows that not all four elements of the original Diamond Model are required for an economy to be competitive. Instead, we find that there are four distinct paths to high levels of national competitiveness. Context for intense rivalry among firms appears in all four paths. Results also suggest that public governance quality is key to national competitiveness. The extent of multinational enterprise penetration, however, is not. Technical summary We examine Porter's Diamond Model in conjunction with multinational enterprise (MNE) penetration and governance quality as a system of elements that collectively affect national competitiveness. Utilizing fuzzy-set analysis and data on 90 nations, we identify four configurations sufficient for high national competitiveness, all of which exhibit high governance quality as a core condition. In these four configurations, the extent of MNE penetration is either absent or does not matter, and strength in all Diamond Model elements is neither necessary nor sufficient for high national competitiveness. Uncovering these patterns allows us to advance a more comprehensive theoretical framework emphasizing public governance and the ways in which elements of the Diamond Model, governance quality, and MNE penetration combine as complements or substitutes to affect national competitiveness. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Impact of Grain for Green Project on the Benefit of the Household of Farmers-A Survey of Miyun County of Beijing City

This study chooses 83 households living in 9 villages in Miyun County and makes a very comprehensive study of the gain and loss of the peasant's interests in the implementation of grain for green project.The study shows that the project has made notable achievement and experience an austere test for the sustainable development.
New method for opacity correction in oversampled volume ray casting

A new opacity correction approach for oversampled volume ray casting is introduced. While the only existing opacity correction method in the literature is based on the assumption of dataset homogeneity, the new opacity correction method introduced in this paper is a faster, generalized voxel-by-voxel approach which does not assume dataset homogeneity. The new opacity correction avoids the dataset homogeneity assumption by introducing a new opacity correction factor for the samples in each voxel. Its performance improvement over the existing opacity correction approach is also exhibited for real volumetric datasets.
Removing hydrochloric acid exhaust products from high performance solid rocket propellant using aluminum-lithium alloy

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) pollution from perchlorate based propellants is well known for both launch site contamination, as well as the possible ozone layer depletion effects. Past efforts in developing environmentally cleaner solid propellants by scavenging the chlorine ion have focused on replacing a portion of the chorine-containing oxidant (i.e., ammonium perchlorate) with an alkali metal nitrate. The alkali metal (e.g., Li or Na) in the nitrate reacts with the chlorine ion to form an alkali metal chloride (i.e., a salt instead of HCl). While this technique can potentially reduce HCl formation, it also results in reduced ideal specific impulse (ISP). Here, we show using thermochemical calculations that using aluminum-lithium (Al-Li) alloy can reduce HCl formation by more than 95% (with lithium contents ≥15 mass%) and increase the ideal ISP by ∼7s compared to neat aluminum (using 80/20 mass% Al-Li alloy). Two solid propellants were formulated using 80/20 Al-Li alloy or neat aluminum as fuel additives. The halide scavenging effect of Al-Li propellants was verified using wet bomb combustion experiments (75.5±4.8% reduction in pH, ∝ [HCl], when compared to neat aluminum). Additionally, no measurable HCl evolution was detected using differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared absorption.
Advances in Alexandrite Laser Technology

The development of alexandrite as a laser material has required considerable research effort directed toward material development and characerization. In the past few years the focus of this effort has shifted toward the development of alexandrite as a broadly tunable laser source.
Hemoglobin Duarte: (α2β262(E6)Ala→Pro): A New Unstable Hemoglobin With Increased Oxygen Affinity

A patient with a normal blood hemoglobin level, but with evidence of brisk hemolysis, was found to have an unstable hemoglobin with a left-shifted oxygen dissociation curve. Two sisters of the patient had a history of hemolytic anemia. Both died of thromboembolic complications following splenectomy. Our patient was found to be heterozygous for a new β-chain mutation and β-thalassemia. All of the hemoglobin in his red cells was of the abnormal type, designated hemoglobin Duarte, and was shown to contain proline at the β62 (E6) position instead of alanine.
Examining the role of context variability in memory for items and associations

What properties of a word make it easy or difficult to remember? Word frequency and context variability are separate, closely related word properties that have disparate influences on memorability. The influence of word frequency changes depending on the memory task, with high-frequency words tending to be recalled better and low-frequency words to be recognized better. Conversely, low-context-variability words tend to be remembered better across tasks. One proposed explanation for the low-variability advantage is that low-variability words are easier to associate with the experimental context, given that they are associated with fewer extra-experimental contexts. On the basis of this explanation, it has been suggested that the formation of interitem associations during encoding should interfere with the formation of item-to-context associations, attenuating the low-variability advantage. Across experiments, we tested whether focusing on interitem associations disrupted the low-variability advantage, by manipulating encoding tasks, test expectancy, final test condition, word frequency, and context variability. Focusing on interitem associations did not harm performance for low-variability words. Words low in both frequency and variability were recognized better, but word pairs composed of high-frequency, low-variability words were recognized better in associative recognition. On the basis of the data, we suggest that focusing on interitem associations does not come at the expense of item-to-context associations. Moreover, the data further support the idea that frequency and variability are distinct properties.
Conferences with Parents of Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Unstructured and open-ended group sessions prove to be an effective tool for service to families and also valuable for education of medical staff
Characterization of resistors created by fused filament fabrication using electrically-conductive filament

Abstract Desktop fused filament fabrication (FFF) printers (3D printers) are ubiquitous rapid prototyping (RP) and additive manufacturing (AM) devices used by small and large companies as well as by hobbyists. Their attractiveness stems from the inexpensive hardware, inexpensive plastic materials, affordable CAD environments, and short training times. This research explores design of resistors created by the FFF printing process using commercially available electrically-conductive carbon black and graphene-based filament. 3D printed resistors are designed, constructed, and characterized. A number of tests are performed resulting in a set of build recommendations. With this novel capability to directly create electrical components integrated into 3D printed physical objects designers can envision and 3D print new and/or improved devices with embedded electronics, which they could not do before.
Hinges, Disagreements, and Arguments: (Rationally) Believing Hinge Propositions and Arguing across Deep Disagreements

Wittgenstein famously introduced the notion of ‘hinge propositions’: propositions that are assumptions or presuppositions of our languages, conceptual schemes, and language games, presuppositions that cannot themselves be rationally established, defended, or challenged. This idea has given rise to an epistemological approach, ‘hinge epistemology’, which itself has important (negative) implications for argumentation. In particular, it develops and provides support for Robert Fogelin’s case for deep disagreements: disagreements that cannot be rationally resolved by processes of rational argumentation. In this paper, I first examine hinge epistemology in its own right, and then explore its implications for arguments and the theory of argumentation. I argue that (1) the Wittgensteinian approach to hinge propositions is problematic, and that, suitably understood, they can be rationally challenged, defended, and evaluated; (2) there are no well-formed, coherent propositions, ‘hinge’ or otherwise, that are beyond epistemic evaluation, critical scrutiny, and argumentative support/critique; and (3) good arguments concerning hinge propositions are not only possible but common. My arguments will rely on a thoroughgoing fallibilism, a rejection of ‘privileged’ frameworks, and an insistence on the challengeability of all frameworks, both from within and from without.
Strain Mapping From Four-Dimensional Ultrasound Reveals Complex Remodeling in Dissecting Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Current in vivo abdominal aortic aneurysm imaging approaches tend to focus on maximum diameter but do not measure 3D vascular deformation or strain. Complex vessel geometries, heterogeneous wall compositions, and surrounding structures can all influence aortic strain. Improved understanding of complex aortic kinematics has the potential to increase our ability to predict aneurysm expansion and eventual rupture. Here we describe a method that combines 4D ultrasound and direct deformation estimation to compute in vivo 3D Green-Lagrange strain in murine angiotensin II-induced suprarenal dissecting aortic aneurysms, a commonly used small animal model. We compared heterogeneous patterns of the maximum, first-component 3D Green-Lagrange strain with vessel composition from mice with varying AAA morphologies. Intramural thrombus and focal breakage in the medial elastin significantly reduced aortic strain. Interestingly, a dissection that was not detected with high-frequency ultrasound also experienced reduced strain, suggesting medial elastin breakage that was later confirmed via histology. These results suggest that in vivo measurements of 3D strain can provide improved insight into aneurysm disease progression. While further work is needed with both preclinical animal models and human imaging studies, this initial murine study indicates that vessel strain should be considered when developing an improved metric for predicting aneurysm growth and rupture.
Effects of marihuana on pain and verbal memory: a sensory decision theory analysis.

In agreement with Klonoff et al. (1973), who used much lower doses, the results suggest that for moderately heavy smokers who averaged 8.9 cigarettes a day, only the retrieval mechanism and not the acquisition or storage components of memory were impaired. The clustering data indicate that this recall memory loss was due to impaired organizational processes. Our conclusions, based on heavy use by habitual smokers, differ from those of Abel (1971) who feels that only acquisition is adversely affected. The present findings also fail, in part, to support Dornbush and Kokkevi (1976) who argue that storage and not acquisition or retrieval processes are affected. However, their view that encoding for later retrieval is harmed by marihuana is strongly supported by our data. The conclusion that memory storage is not harmed holds only for the moderately heavy smokers. The extremely heavy smokers who averaged 13.7 cigarettes a day, showed a definite memory storage deficit, and perhaps an acquisition loss, in addition to the retrieval deficiency.
O método arqueológico no pensamento contemporâneo

Inspirando-se principalmente nos filosofos contemporâneos Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, este ensaio sugere que, para se pensar o conceito de origem ou uma arche, deve-se primeiramente partir de uma “arqueologia” que toma como ponto de partida a “origem” do falso sagrado. Em outras palavras, a tarefa arqueologica imprescindivel deve ser redefinida atraves da identificacao de suas formas falseadas (ideologicas), a fim de compreendermos melhor tanto os metodos da arqueologia (como uma regressao, mas nao a um ponto historico de origem) quanto as apostas politicas da arqueologia. Isso significa levar a serio as complexidades das fontes e tradicoes que informam o que as pessoas consideram ser uma narrativa sacralizada assim como os meios de transmissao que as influenciam.
An Active Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna Based on a Parametric Amplifier

In a parametric amplifier, nonlinear and/or time variant characteristics of reactors (capacitors and/or inductors) are exploited to amplify microwave signals. In this paper, an active parametric slot antenna is introduced by integrating varactor diodes as nonlinear capacitors to the radiative slot, which is cut through one side wall of a rectangular cavity resonator. To ease the design and tuning of the antenna, capacitively loaded TE011 and TE021 modes of the cavity are utilized as filters at signal and pump frequencies, respectively. In the proposed topology, the TE011 mode excites a half-period sine-shape magnetic current across the slot leading to maximum radiation in the broadside direction at the signal frequency. At the same time, a full-period sine-shape magnetic current is excited through the slot by the TE021 mode to maintain minimum radiation in the broadside direction at the pump frequency. A full-wave simulator [high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS)] alongside a circuit simulator [advanced design system (ADS)] is incorporated to simulate the entire antenna characteristics including radiation patterns and nonlinear parameters. The proposed structure is fabricated and measured to verify the theoretical and simulation results.
Ferroptosis in Hemolytic Disorders

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death, has emerged as clinically relevant in various settings. This chapter focuses on the current landscape of ferroptosis in the context of hemolytic disorders and the iron overload that can occur due to heightened erythropoietic drive and/or transfusions of red blood cells (RBCs). In hemolytic disorders, RBCs are typically destroyed at a faster rate than new RBCs can be generated by the bone marrow. Examples include various instances of anemia, hemoglobinuria, and methemoglobinemia. During active, ongoing hemolysis, iron is processed and recycled at a much higher rate than under normal conditions, creating opportunities to generate destructive free radicals and lipid peroxidation. Thus far, in the context of hemolysis and iron overload, ferroptosis has been studied in the settings of transfusions of storage-damaged RBCs, hemochromatosis, acute kidney injury, and hemorrhagic stroke. Given their clinical significance, continued research in hemolytic disorders has the potential to offer tremendous insight in terms of both understanding these disorders and developing potential therapies.