cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
H-PBS: a hash-based scalable technique for parallel bidirectional search

We introduce a very simple and efficient hash-based algorithm for parallel bidirectional search. Hashing is used in a novel way to continuously provide every processor with a good cross section of the search front. This hashing serves multiple purposes of achieving load-balancing, selecting nodes for expansion, eliminating duplicate nodes, and detecting termination. Our asynchronous multiprocessor algorithm is shown to perform remarkably well, with linear or superlinear speedups, and scales well for large problem sizes and massive parallelism. The algorithm is architecture-independent and may be implemented on various distributed-memory multiprocessors. The performance is fairly independent of the communication latency, and takes advantage of a relatively fast communication throughput. We verify the performance of the proposed algorithm by using the popular 15-puzzle search problem and implementing it on an 80-processor distributed memory multiprocessor, EM-4. We use hundred randomly generated problem instances of the 25-puzzle, with optimal path-lengths in the range 40-66. In spite of the limited memory capacity of this parallel machine, our implementation solves 99 of the problem instances, with solution path-lengths very close to optimal, speed-ups (in the number of nodes and execution times) close to linear, and in some cases superlinear, and on the average in 3-4 seconds.
Nonspecific Early Protective Immunity in Francisella and Listeria Infections Can Be Dependent on Lymphocytes

Normal mice, but not lymphocyte-deficient or B-cell-deficient mice, given a sublethal infection of Francisella tularensis LVS survive a secondary lethal challenge of more than 10,000 50% lethal doses given 3 days later. In this work, we show that similar early protection that is also strongly lymphocyte dependent operates in Listeria monocytogenes infection. Since sublethal infection with either LVS or L. monocytogenes protects against heterologous lethal challenge, this early protection is nonspecific.
Drugs and firearm deaths in New York City, 1990–1998

Firearm deaths remain among the leading causes of mortality in the United States. Changing law enforcement activities, incarceration, drug use, and socioeconomic conditions may have played roles in the declining rates of firearm deaths during the 1990s. Using records from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner, we analyzed the role of drugs in firearm deaths in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Positive drug toxicology was present in over half of all firearm death victims during this time. Cocaine, cannabis, opiates, and alcohol accounted for almost all of these deaths with drug-positive toxicology. There were decreases in cocaine- and alcohol-positive toxicology for firearm deaths in New York City starting in the early 1990s; there was a more gradual decrease in heroin-positive toxicology for firearm deaths. Cannabis-positive toxicology for firearm deaths increased in the early part of the 1990s and then decreased starting in the mid-1990s. Although the disparities between minority and white firearm death rates narrowed during this time, minorities remained about three times more likely to be victims of fatal firearm violence than whites in 1998. The highest firearm death rates were among African American and Latino male decedents, with a larger proportion of Latinos testing cocaine or opiate positive, while a larger proportion of African Americans tested cannabis positive. These results suggest a complex role of drugs in firearm-related deaths.
Sensor based planning and nonsmooth analysis

This paper describes some initial steps towards sensor based path planning in an unknown static environment. The method is a based on a sensor-based incremental construction of a one-dimensional retract of the free space. In this paper we introduce a retract termed the generalized Voronoi graph, and also analyze the roadmap of Canny and Lin's opportunistic path planner (1990, 1993). The bulk of this paper is devoted to the application of nonsmooth analysis to the Euclidean distance function. We show that the distance function is in fact nonsmooth at the points which are required to construct the plan. This analysis leads directly to the incorporation of simple and realistic sensor models into the planning scheme. >
Maintaining mental models: a study of developer work habits

To understand developers' typical tools, activities, and practices and their satisfaction with each, we conducted two surveys and eleven interviews. We found that many problems arose because developers were forced to invest great effort recovering implicit knowledge by exploring code and interrupting teammates and this knowledge was only saved in their memory. Contrary to expectations that email and IM prevent expensive task switches caused by face-to-face interruptions, we found that face-to-face communication enjoys many advantages. Contrary to expectations that documentation makes understanding design rationale easy, we found that current design documents are inadequate. Contrary to expectations that code duplication involves the copy and paste of code snippets, developers reported several types of duplication. We use data to characterize these and other problems and draw implications for the design of tools for their solution.
How well can we resolve the deep seismic slab with seismic tomography

The three-dimensional P and S velocity tomographic images around the Wadati-Benioff zone under the island arcs of the northwest Pacific are analyzed. Estimations of resolution and error show that the fast seismic anomalies associated with the subduction zones are generally real and resolvable. The anomalies are slab-like in most parts of the upper mantle, and become folded and broadened with depth. Near the bottom of the upper mantle, fingering of the slabs, including segmenting and shallow angle spreading, is indicated. The fingering under Japan and the Izu-Bonin trench has a tendency to flatten to sub-horizontal, while possible downward spreading is seen under parts of the Kuril trench.
Modulation response of dispersion cumulative medium to nonstationary quantum flux

Abstract Dynamics of cumulative medium with energy dispersion properties under the influence of quanta flux from nonstationary source is investigated. The intended purpose was to estimate the opportunity for the releasing phase in the spatial-temporal profile of the energy being accumulated by the medium. The examination showed that this opportunity does exist at the interaction of the fluxes characterized by rapid temporal variations of intensity with the weak-dispersion mediums. The latter provides favorable conditions for the modulation regime regarding to the dissipating energy.
Mindfulness-based interventions with social workers and the potential for enhanced patient-centered care: A systematic review of the literature

The use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) is well documented in the mental health, medical, and education literature. There is minimal research on the use of mindfulness with social workers. As demonstrated in other professional and helping fields, mindfulness may enhance clinical skills, reduce burnout, and increase job satisfaction among social workers. In the health care field mindfulness appears integral to patient and family relationships and personal resilience. The evolving and expanding role of hospital social workers may lead to increased work stress and greater demands from both the medical system and patients and families. Research with medical providers, such as physicians and nurses, suggests mindfulness may help in reducing stress, enhancing relationships, and fostering the self-reflection required to provide patient-centered care. We systematically reviewed the existing literature to begin understanding both mindfulness qualities and practices and the effectiveness of MBIs among social workers as well as the relationship of mindfulness to patient-centered care.
Traumatic Rib Fracture: Conservative Therapy or Surgical Fixation?

Rib fractures are a common problem affecting injured patients, and the vast majority of patients heal their rib fractures without surgical intervention. Patients with severe rib fracture syndromes such as flail chest, traumatic chest wall defects, or pulmonary hernias are selectively recommended for rib fracture fixation, but the practice is not uniform and is controversial. Proponents of operative intervention contend rib fracture fixation in select patients will diminish the risk of respiratory complications and improve long-term pain and disability. Skeptics argue that operative intervention is applicable to a very small subset of injured patients with severe chest wall injuries and unnecessary or meddlesome in the rest.
Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells: Recent developments to stabilize the p-i-n junction and explore novel device applications

Polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) employ a thin layer of a luminescent conjugated polymer admixed with an ionic source and an ionic conductor for the in-situ formation of p-i-n junction and subsequent efficient injections of both electrons and holes. The junction formation enables the use of air-stable conductors as the cathode and a relatively thick emissive polymer layer that is more compatible with low-cost solution-based processes. This paper overviews the operation mechanism of the PLECs, the properties and drawbacks of the devices. The employment of crosslinkable ionic conductors to stabilize the p-i-n junction is reviewed. The resulting static junction electroluminesces light at high brightness, high efficiency, and prolonged lifetime. Silver paste and carbon nanotubes can be used as the cathode, thus, PLECs were fabricated by lamination. Using single wall carbon nanotubes coated elastic substrate as both anode and cathode, the PLECs can be made highly stretchable.
Resistance to Novel Antiandrogen Therapies in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Despite the introduction of novel therapies that maximally decrease androgen-receptor (AR) signaling activity, metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease. Even though abiraterone and enzalutamide represent breakthroughs in the treatment of mCRPC and have demonstrated significant survival benefits, a significant proportion of patients have primary resistance to these agents and virtually all patients develop secondary resistance. While the mechanisms of resistance to these agents are not fully understood, many hypotheses of AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms are emerging, including upregulation of AR and cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17), induction of AR splice variants, AR point mutations, upregulation of glucocorticoid receptor, activation of alternative oncogenic signaling pathways, neuroendocrine transformation, and immune evasion via programmed death-ligand 1 upregulation. The aim of this review is to summarize the most clinically relevant mechanisms of resistance to novel androgen-directed agents, focusing on escape from enzalutamide and abiraterone.
Video-EEG in Diagnosis of Epilepsy in Retarded Children

Video-EEG monitoring was used to distinguish epileptic and non-epileptic events in 193 children, mean age 9.6 years, who presented with paroxysmal symptoms of uncertain etiology at Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA.
Fourier Series of Functions of Bounded Variation

(1975). Fourier Series of Functions of Bounded Variation. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 4, pp. 391-392.
Simulation Comparison of Broadband Networking Technologies

This paper describes a simulation study comparing delay and throughput performance of several access/backbone combinations of Frame Relay, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), and IEEE 802.6 broadband networking technologies. The comparisons are made using similar Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) configurations supporting integrated traffic from voice, video, data and image sources. Results include complete distributions for network and end-end delays. These delay distributions are obtained for different traffic loads and different numbers of network trunks in a connection. All of the configurations are capable of providing adequate delay performance at moderate network loads for real-time (voice and video) traffic, but significant differences are seen in data and image delay performance.
Vitamin D and APC modulate molecular crosstalk between β-catenin/Wnt signaling and the vitamin D receptor in colon cancer cells

A151 Vitamin D is implicated as a protective factor in human colon carcinogenesis. Anti-tumor activity of vitamin D on colonocytes is thought to be mediated by 1,25 (OH)2D3, the active hormonal metabolite of vitamin D. We examined the role of 1,25 (OH)2D3on a putative VDR/β-catenin interaction. We first sought to confirm that VDR associates physically with β-catenin regulating critical Wnt signaling events in colon tumorigenesis. Second, we assessed the role of the intact and mutant adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, commonly dysregulated in human colon cancers, as a modulator of the VDR/β-catenin interaction. Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pulldown assays and an in-vitro transcription/translation system to produce β-catenin protein support an interaction between β-catenin and VDR that appears independent of 1,25 (OH)2D3. Further evaluation of this interaction within the cell using a mammalian two hybrid system in transfected HT29-APC, a cell line which allows inducible wildtype APC protein, suggest that APC positively influences the interaction between β-catenin and VDR, and that this association is greatly enhanced in the presence of 1,25 (OH)2D3. Co-immunoprecipitation of HT29-APC cellular extracts was also used to assess the hormone dependence of the interaction and role of APC. Co-IP studies demonstrated further that binding of β-catenin and VDR is observed in the absence of 1,25 (OH)2D3 but that the addition of APC and 1,25 (OH)2D3 similarly enhanced levels of protein-protein interaction. To determine the functional significance of VDR and 1,25 (OH)2D3 effect on the transcriptional activity of β-catenin , a TOPflash assay is being implemented in HT-29 cells. Our results support the presence of a VDR and β-catenin interaction that occurs independent of 1,25 (OH)2D3 and that appears to be significantly enhanced in the presence of both the hormone and intact APC. These data suggest an APC/VDR binary or ternary complex with β-catenin with early results implicating degradation of the protumorigenic β-catenin as a consequence. This represents a novel crosstalk mechanism whereby 1,25 (OH)2D3-VDR and APC could negatively regulate the Wnt signaling pathway to restrict tumorigenesis.
Grocery Store (or Supermarket) Tours as an Effective Nutrition Education Medium: A Systematic Review

Abstract Objective To evaluate evidence regarding grocery store tours as an effective nutrition education medium for improving nutrition knowledge and food-related behaviors. Design A systematic literature review of studies published from 1984 to 2015 concerning grocery store (or supermarket) tours and impact on nutrition knowledge and behaviors. Three investigators independently reviewed articles, extracted details, and assessed the quality of each study. Results Of 307 citations identified, 8 were reviewed and 6 were of neutral quality. Increases in nutrition knowledge were reported in 4 studies, as evaluated by investigator-designed quizzes, with short intervals between tours and assessments. Six programs assessed behavior change using subjective reports or objective purchasing behavior measures; 2 studies did not perform statistical analyses. The 6 studies that reported positive health-related outcomes had varying topics, tour lengths, and target audiences. Conclusions and Implications Grocery store tours are increasingly used as an avenue for nutrition education to improve knowledge and/or alter food selection behaviors and may result in positive outcomes, but it is unknown whether these outcomes persist for longer than 3 months after the tour and whether there are common attributes of effective grocery store tours. More rigorous studies with uniform methodology in study design and outcome measures are needed to confirm the effectiveness of supermarket tours.
Race and the Return of the Great Chain of Being, 1800–50

A fundamental question about the history of racism in the first half of the nineteenth century is why it was that, just as the battle against slavery was being won by abolitionists, the war against racism in European thought was being lost. The Negro was legally freed by the Emancipation Act of 1833, but in the British mind he was still mentally, morally and physically a slave.
Deng’s Return and Reform

If modern Chinese revolutionary leaders can be ranked on some fixed criterion for their contribution in the areas of freedom, equality, democracy, material progress, peace and political stability, Deng’s achievement, in only a few years after Premier Hua Guofeng’s removal, has been phenomenal. His accomplishment can be viewed not only in material progress, but also in the people’s mood and confidence. His leadership as a reformer demonstrates in many dimensions its unique responses to various challenges. Although Deng was not a forefront leader in the communist revolution in China to be ranked with Chen Tu-hsiu, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai until 1978, he has achieved, in the last half dozen years, more than his predecessors for the average person in material progress, social stability, freedom for initiative, and in policy implementation of the four modernisations. While Mao was a sentimental visionary and Zhou a consensus builder, Deng has been a courageous reformer and a confrontationist who persists to fight and fights to win. Previously, he was known to have given up a struggle easily. His policy views in the past were well known. Almost thirty years ago in one of his reports as the Communist Party Secretary-General, he said:1 Ours is a land with a population of 600 million.
Microwave system and methods for combined heating and radiometric sensing for blood perfusion measurement of tissue

A combination of microwave heating and radiometry provides a promising means of the noninvasive measurement of blood perfusion. In this paper, a microwave system, along with a perfusion mimicking setup, for perfusion/flow measurement is described. This paper also presents for the first time i) considerations for achieving high sensitivity of temperature response versus flow, ii) radiometric measurement of temperature decay at the presence of flow, iii) a proper choice of the perfusion phantom to mimic the tissue permittivity, and iv) insights on the proper choice of heating and radiometry frequencies from the near-field antenna beam and bioheat transfer considerations.
The Denver Approach to Early Case Finding

The purpose of this chapter is to review the evolution of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and the currently recommended process for developmental screening.
Cancer-Associated Thrombosis: Cancer Cell-Derived Microparticles As a Trigger of Venous Thrombosis in a Mouse Model of Flow Restriction

Abstract 34 Thrombotic complications are common side effects in cancer patients and up to 20% of all symptomatic cases of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) are thought to be cancer-related. Since Armand Trousseau established a direct correlation between thrombophlebitis and cancer in 1865, cancer-associated thrombosis has been the focus of several studies. All tumor types are associated with thrombosis but the incidence is particularly high (up to 57%) in patients suffering from pancreatic cancer (Sack et al Medicine 1977; Blom et al Eur J Cancer 2006; Cronin-Fenton et al Br J Cancer 2010). Cancer cells shed procoagulant microparticles (MPs) that can reach the bloodstream of pancreatic tumor-bearing mice and of patients with pancreatic cancer (Thomas et al J Exp Med 2009, Zwicker et al Thromb Res 2009). At their surface, these vesicles express a higher density of active tissue factor (TF) when compared to their parental cell (> 100-fold), and were shown to contribute to vessel injury-induced thrombosis (Thomas et al J Exp Med 2009). Furthermore, the concentration of circulating TF-bearing tumor-derived MPs has been correlated with cancer-associated venous thromboembolic events in patients (Del Conde et al J Thromb Haem 2007; Hron et al Thromb Haemost 2007; Langer et al Ann Hematol 2008; Zwicker et al Thromb Res 2009). In this study, we addressed experimentally whether circulating tumor microparticles play a role in DVT associated with cancer. We used a mouse model of DVT where thrombosis is induced by flow restriction (90% reduction in the lumen size) of the inferior vena cava (IVC) (Brill et al Blood 2010). In contrast to most DVT models, this model maintains blood flow in the IVC and it does not induce injury or endothelial denudation and thus is suitable for comparisons to human patients. The DVT model was used in combination with a model of murine pancreatic cancer (Thomas et al J Exp Med 2009). We observed that all the mice implanted subcutaneously with pancreatic cancer cells (Panc02 cell line) and submitted 35 days later to partial flow restriction of the IVC (n=8) developed an occlusive thrombus after 3 hours of flow restriction, while only 2 out of 7 control mice did (P In conclusion, our results support the hypothesis that tumoral microparticles trigger cancer-associated venous thrombosis. Thus targeting their recruitment or activity could help to prevent cancer-associated DVT and its complication, pulmonary embolism. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The New Paradigm for the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis

C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Gruessner RWG (2015) The New Paradigm for the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis. Int J Surg Res Pract 2:019 Received: March 03, 2015: Accepted: March 07, 2015: Published: March 10, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Gruessner RWG. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Gruessner. Int J Surg Res Pract 2014, 2:1
Small Bowel Target Devices and Techniques

The small bowel is a prime target for bariatric and metabolic endoscopic therapies. New insights into the mechanisms of action of surgical therapies have led to new endoscopic therapies for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome. The development of endoluminal sleeves that bypass the proximal duodenum have replicated some of the effects of surgical bypass procedures. The endoscopic dual-path enteral bypass has created new and treatment options for these conditions. Duodenal mucosal resurfacing offers significant promise for diabetes management. It is hoped that a durable endoscopic therapy for these conditions will be defined and optimized.
A 1kW synchronous buck converter for solar powered conduction cooking system in off-grid areas of Bangladesh

Depletion of Natural Gas and increasing price of LPG, burning wood, coal etc, are now the main menaces for cooking purposes in Bangladesh. On the other hand, inefficient burning of wood, charcoal, agricultural wastes and animal dung etc, generate smoke and emits ozone gases. This results in global warming and health issues due to inhalation of the smoke. Because of a good solar irradiation pattern, a solar powered conduction cooker can minimize this burden from the nation. The purpose of this paper is to design, analyse the prospect and performance of solar powered conduction cooking system by using Thin Film photovoltaic modules with a novel synchronous Buck Converter Controller topology. Physical demonstration was made by installing 1 kW Thin Film PV modules on the rooftop of the university building with setting up the conduction cooker and other measuring equipment. 10 panels of 95 Watt are mounted on the rooftop of the university building. Based on solar irradiation data round the year, projected output is analysed by using PSIM simulation and the prospect of solar powered conduction cooker in Bangladesh is shown with economic feasibility. The system was designed and analysed in PROTEUS software and the hardware was fabricated and implemented. Based on the experimental data, the performance of the system is also analysed and presented in this paper.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rise, a Community-Based Culturally Congruent Adherence Intervention for Black Americans Living with HIV

Evidence-based HIV treatment adherence interventions have typically shown medium-sized effects on adherence. Prior evidence-based HIV treatment adherence interventions have not been culturally adapted specifically for Black/African Americans, the population most affected by HIV disparities in the USA, who exhibit lower adherence than do members of other racial/ethnic groups. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of Rise, a 6-month culturally congruent adherence counseling intervention for HIV-positive Black men and women. Rise was delivered by a trained peer counselor who used a problem-solving approach to address culturally congruent adherence barriers (e.g., medical mistrust, HIV stigma) and assisted with linkage to supportive services. A total of 215 participants were randomized to the intervention group (n = 107) or a wait-list control group (n = 108). Adherence was assessed daily via electronic monitoring. In a repeated measures multivariate logistic regression model of dichotomous adherence (using a clinically significant cutoff of 85% of doses taken), adjusted for sociodemographic and medical covariates, adherence in the intervention group improved over time relative to the control group, (OR = 1.30 per month (95% CI = 1.12–1.51), p < 0.001), representing a large cumulative effect after 6 months (OR = 4.76, Cohen’s d = 0.86). Rise showed a larger effect on adherence than prior HIV adherence intervention studies. For greater effectiveness, interventions to improve adherence among Black people living with HIV may need to be customized to address culturally relevant barriers to adherence. ( ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT01350544)
Innovation Process: Flexible, Open, Non-linear

Based on uncertainty als an inherent aspect of innovation, the KES-MI innovation process has been developed in the KES-MI project. It embodies a flexible innovation process and in particular, accounts for artistic, experience-based, playful innovative work. The flexibility of the innovation process is apparent in two respects: in the flexibility between the elements and the flexibility within the individual elements. Planning and forecasting are not sacrificed in the process as they are without a doubt a significant part of innovation. Standardized processes are therefore intentionally utilized and not negated per se. However, unleashing artistic, experienced-based and playful innovation work may not be impaired. The KES-MI innovation process is described in further detail in this chapter. The structure, elements and potential for success of the process are covered below. The chapter begins by providing an overview of the innovation process.
Effectiveness in Humans and Other Animals: A Common Basis for Well-being and Welfare

Abstract Human well-being research and animal welfare science are separate fields, yet they share a common question: What makes life worth living? In this chapter, we propose that effectiveness , a new theory of motivation (Higgins, 2012), may provide a common ground for exploring the answer to this question in humans and other animals. The effectiveness approach contends that people and other animals want to be successful in having desired results ( value effectiveness ), establishing what is real ( truth effectiveness ), and managing what happens ( control effectiveness ) and that, importantly, well-being and welfare result when these three domains work together to create organizational effectiveness . In this chapter, we provide evidence supporting the claim that humans and other animals want to succeed in each of these three domains. We then demonstrate how organizational effectiveness, in particular, ties together the well-being and welfare literatures. We end the chapter with recent empirical evidence of the unique contribution provided by the effectiveness approach and suggest avenues for future research.
A deep convolutional neural network, with pre-training, for solar photovoltaic array detection in aerial imagery

In this work we consider the problem of developing algorithms that automatically identify small-scale solar photovoltaic arrays in high resolution aerial imagery. Such algorithms potentially offer a faster and cheaper solution to collecting small-scale photovoltaic (PV) information, such as their location, capacity, and the energy they produce. Here we build on previous algorithmic work by employing convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have recently yielded major improvements in other image object recognition problems. We propose a CNN architecture for our recognition problem and then measure its detection performance on the same (publicly available) dataset that was used in previous publications. The results indicate that the CNN yields substantial performance improvements over previous results. We also investigate the recently popular approach of pre-training for CNNs.
Developing Preservice Teachers' Self-Efficacy and Knowledge through Online Experiences with English Language Learners.

This quasi-experimental study explores changes in preservice teachers’ reported self-efficacy and knowledge of instructional strategies in supporting English language learners (ELLs) after particip...
Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Induces Endocannabinoid Accumulation in Mouse Hepatocytes: Antagonism by Fabp1 Gene Ablation

Phytocannabinoids, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), bind and activate cannabinoid (CB) receptors, thereby "piggy-backing" on the same pathway's endogenous endocannabinoids (ECs). The recent discovery that liver fatty acid binding protein-1 (FABP1) is the major cytosolic "chaperone" protein with high affinity for both Δ9-THC and ECs suggests that Δ9-THC may alter hepatic EC levels. Therefore, the impact of Δ9-THC or EC treatment on the levels of endogenous ECs, such as N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), was examined in cultured primary mouse hepatocytes from WT and Fabp1 gene-ablated (LKO) mice. Δ9-THC alone or 2-AG alone significantly increased AEA and especially 2-AG levels in WT hepatocytes. LKO alone markedly increased AEA and 2-AG levels. However, LKO blocked/diminished the ability of Δ9-THC to further increase both AEA and 2-AG. In contrast, LKO potentiated the ability of exogenous 2-AG to increase the hepatocyte level of AEA and 2-AG. These and other data suggest that Δ9-THC increases hepatocyte EC levels, at least in part, by upregulating endogenous AEA and 2-AG levels. This may arise from Δ9-THC competing with AEA and 2-AG binding to FABP1, thereby decreasing targeting of bound AEA and 2-AG to the degradative enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglyceride lipase, to decrease hydrolysis within hepatocytes.
Swarm Size Planning Tool for Multi-Job Type Missions

As part of swarm search and service (SSS) missions, swarms are tasked with searching an area while simultaneously servicing jobs as they are encountered. Jobs must be immediately serviced and can be one of multiple types. Each type requires that vehicle(s) break off from the swarm and travel to the job site for a specified amount of time. The number of vehicles needed and the service time for each job type are known. Once a job has been successfully serviced, vehicles return to the swarm and are available for reallocation. When planning SSS missions, human operators are tasked with determining the required number of vehicles needed to handle the expected job demand. The complex relationship between job type parameters makes this choice challenging. This work presents a prediction model used to estimate the swarm size necessary to achieve a given performance. User studies were conducted to determine the usefulness and ease of use of such a prediction model as an aid during mission planning. Results show that using the planning tool leads to 7 times less missed area and a 50 percent cost reduction.
Theoretical Prediction of Local Ozone Maxima Associated with the Passage of Cold Fronts

To better understand the processes controlling the distribution and time evolution of trace chemical species such as ozone within the troposphere, comprehensive and coupled transport, transformation, and deposition models have been developed. An example of this kind of modeling system is the Regional Acid Deposition Model Version 1.0 (RADM 1.0) developed by Chang et al. (1987). Though specifically produced to study the relationship between sources and receptors of acid deposition, RADM 1.0 is equally well suited for studying the processes potentially responsible for the evolution of ozone in the troposphere. Many of the physical and chemical processes that affect ozone are explicitly included in RADM 1.0. These include long range transport, turbulent diffusion, both gas and aqueous phase chemistry, cloud scavenging and mixing, and dry deposition.
Damage Quarantine and Recovery in Data Processing Systems

In this article, we address transparent Damage Quarantine and Recovery (DQR), a very important problem faced today by a large number of mission, life, and/or business-critical applications and information systems that must manage risk, business continuity, and assurance in the presence of severe cyber attacks. Today, these critical applications still have a “good” chance to su?er from a big “hit” from attacks. Due to data sharing, interdependencies, and interoperability, the hit could greatly “amplify” its damage by causing catastrophic cascading effects, which may “force” an application to halt for hours or even days before the application is recovered. In this paper, we ?rst do a thorough discussion on the limitations of traditional fault tolerance and failure recovery techniques in solving the DQR problem. Then we present a systematic review on how the DQR problem is being solved. Finally, we point out some remaining research issues in fully solving the DQR problem.
The Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Oxidative Stress: Therapeutic Implications

ARDS is an important acute clinical disorder of the lung, the pathogenesis of which is still incompletely understood. Evidence from in vitro studies, from experimental animal models, and from some clinical studies, suggest that oxidants may play a contributory role, possibly by mediating direct cellular injury or initiating or pertubating interactive inflammatory processes which lead to cell injury and leakage of blood components into the lung interstitial space and alveoli. Further investigations to define the contributions of oxidants and the efficacy of antioxidant administration will be needed before antioxidant therapies are routinely used to bolster what has been largely supportive care for patients with ARDS.
Theory and Practice in the Treatment of Alcoholism

The American Medical Association in 1971 adopted a statement identifying alcoholism as “a complex disease with biological, psychological, and sociological components” (Todd, 1975). Like other conditions, it follows a more or less specific sequence. The susceptible individual is exposed to the causative agent and the early stages of the process begin. When that process contains self- perpetuating mechanisms which develop as a “consequence” of the condition, the syndrome is furthered. At this point the characteristics of the alcoholic have changed from their original status of “susceptibility to alcoholism” to those of alcoholism itself. This duality in which the factors perpetuating alcoholism may be not only “predisposing factors” which antedate its development but additionally mechanisms which are its “consequences” has led to much of the confusion surrounding the pathogenesis of alcoholism. A clear delineation of the interaction of these two different types of causative factors is essential to the understanding of the pathogenesis of the syndrome and to the elaboration of a rational plan of treatment.
Novel Formulated Fortified Blended Foods Result in Improved Protein Efficiency and Hepatic Iron Concentrations Compared with Corn-Soy Blend Plus in Broiler Chickens

Background: Corn- and soybean-based fortified blended foods (FBFs) have been the primary food aid product provided by the United States. Sorghum and cowpea have been suggested as alternative FBF commodities because they are drought-tolerant, grown in food aid-receiving areas, and not genetically modified. Extrusion processing has also been suggested to improve the quality of these FBFs. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the protein quality and iron and vitamin A bioavailability of novel FBFs in broiler chickens. Methods: Whey protein concentrate (WPC)-containing FBFs corn-soy blend 14, sorghum-soy, and sorghum-cowpea (SC); a soy protein isolate (SPI)-containing SC FBF (SC+SPI); 2 reformulated, overprocessed SC FBFs (O-SC+WPC, O-SC+SPI); and a nonextruded WPC-containing SC FBF were developed. Nonextruded corn-soy blend plus (CSB+), a currently used FBF, and a gamebird starter/grower diet were used as comparison diets. In the prepared FBF study, 9 groups of 8-d-old broiler chicks (n = 10) consumed prepared FBFs for 21 d. In the dry study, 8 groups of 4-d-old broiler chicks (n = 24; control: n = 23) consumed dry FBFs for 14 d. Results were analyzed by 1-factor ANOVA with least-significant-difference test. Results: In the prepared study, novel formulated FBFs significantly increased caloric and protein efficiency and nonsignificantly increased body weight gain, despite similar food intake compared with CSB+. In the dry study, novel formulated FBFs, except for O-SC+SPI, significantly increased food intake, caloric efficiency, and protein efficiency and nonsignificantly increased body-weight gain compared with CSB+. Novel formulated FBFs nonsignificantly and significantly increased hepatic iron concentrations compared with all FBFs in the prepared and dry studies, respectively. Conclusion: Novel formulated FBFs, apart from O-SC+SPI, resulted in improved protein efficiencies and hepatic iron concentrations compared with CSB+, suggesting that they are of higher nutritional quality.
Exact Solutions to the Spline Equations

The exact solution to the cubic spline equations is developed for the case of equal knot spacing. It exhibits an oscillatory response in the region of a discontinuity, which is a consequence of the row structure of the resulting tridiagonal Toeplitz system. The oscillations cancel in the absence of discontinuities. Splines under tension exhibit a similar oscillatory response; however, increasing the tension attenuates the oscillations over a shorter length scale. The use of imaginary tension removes the large amplitude oscillations in the region of a discontinuity at the expense of introducing a low-amplitude oscillation throughout the entire curve fit. A composite spline (i.e., a spline under tension in the region surrounding a discontinuity, and a cubic spline elsewhere) can confine such oscillations to an arbitrarily defined region surrounding each discontinuity.
Facilitating video-based discussions to support prospective teacher noticing

Abstract Research points to the importance of attending to and understanding children’s mathematical thinking as an important aspect of what teachers need to know. Teachers determine where children need to go next instructionally, in part, by interpreting children’s thinking, often drawing on different sources of information as evidence of children’s current level of understanding. Yet, much of the extant research on preservice teacher noticing, in particular, has studied attending to and interpreting as components of noticing, without attention to prospective teachers’ use of evidence to support their noticing of children’s thinking. In this study, we examine the facilitation moves that seemed to support prospective teachers in providing evidence of their noticing of children’s mathematical thinking. We conclude with the implications of our work for facilitating video-based discussions of children’s mathematical thinking with prospective teachers.
Robotic Arm Control Based on Internet of Things

A six degree of freedom robotic arm is the most widely used mechanical device in the field of robotics. It can work in the various complex environment and has the accuracy and precision that the human arm cannot achieve. Generally, the motion of a robotic arm needs to be controlled by a wired teach pendant or computer control. However, in some complex environments, it is impossible to achieve short- distance control wireless control. Real-time remote data transmission is also the key to achieve precise control of the robotic arm, and if the control terminal can be realized anytime and anywhere, the robotic arm can be controlled remotely. Internet of Things (IoT) and web applications can solve these problems of near real-time data transmission as well as multi-platform realization at the control end. In this paper we present a design and implementation of a web-based control of the robotic arm using on MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) communication protocol and ESP8266 (a network data transmission module). Through these technologies a platform independent web-based control of robotic devices can be realized, for accurate and real-time manipulator from remote environments.
The "T's" of snakebite injury in the USA: fact or fiction?

Background Venomous snakebites can result in serious morbidity and mortality. In the USA, the “T’s of snakebites” (testosterone, teasing, touching, trucks, tattoos & toothless (poverTy), Texas, tequila, teenagers, and tanks) originate from anecdotes used to colloquially highlight venomous snakebite risk factors. We performed an epidemiologic assessment of venomous snakebites in the USA with the objective of evaluating the validity of the “T’s of snakebites” at a national level. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of the National Emergency Department Sample. Data from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 were obtained. All emergency department (ED) encounters corresponding to a venomous snakebite injury were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes. Primary outcomes were mortality and inpatient admission. Demographic, injury, and hospital characteristics were assessed. Data were analyzed according to survey methodology. Weighted values are reported. Results In 2016, 11 138 patients presented to an ED with a venomous snakebite. There were 4173 (37%) persons aged 18 to 44, and 7213 (65%) were male. Most snakebites were reported from the South (n=9079; 82%), although snakebites were reported from every region in the USA. Only 3792 (34%) snakebites occurred in rural counties. Persons in the lowest income quartile by zip code were the most heavily represented (n=4337; 39%). The most common site of injury was the distal upper extremity (n=4884; 44%). Multivariate analysis revealed that species of snake (OR=0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.88) and older age (OR=1.42; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.87) were associated with hospital admission. There were Discussion Some of the “T’s of snakebites” may be valid colloquial predictors of the risk for venomous snakebites. Based on national data, common demographics of venomous snakebite victims include lower income, Caucasian, and adult men in the South who are bit on the upper extremity. Understanding common demographics of venomous snakebite victims can effectuate targeted public health prevention messaging. Level of evidence IV.
A Journey Towards Equity and Diversity in the Educator Workforce

In this article, co-written by a self-identified White female professor and a self-identified Black male doctoral student, the authors address the pressing need to train and retain a teacher workfo...
Measuring the Relational Aspects of Civic Engagement and Action

Civic leaders who are highly and effectively engaged often have strong relationships with key stakeholders across institutions and communities. The prevalence and nature of these relationships is not known among those with more typical levels of civic engagement. Via survey data of a random sample of residents of two neighboring French towns, we find that people perceive their neighbors to be, on average, more engaged than they perceive to be themselves, and that few individuals can provide specific action steps for how they would tackle social issues in their community. These results suggest that teaching civic action skills, including how to identify key decision makers as possible allies, is important for civic educators.
Investigating the Effects of Mechanical Damage on Electrical Response of Li-Ion Pouch Cells

Li-ion batteries (LIB) are used in many applications because of their high-power/energy density, long life cycle, and low self-discharge rate. Li-ion batteries are susceptible to mechanical damages which may lead to an electrical short, thermal runaway, and possibly explosions or fires. However, in some situations such as in a mild car accident, battery packs can get moderate deformations without an electrical short or immediate thermal runaway. Currently, there is no reliable battery characterization method to determine the safety of the batteries for future use after sustaining mechanical damage. In this study, we investigated the connection between the mechanical indentation of Li-ion cells to their impedance spectra. After the initial characterization of four Li-ion pouch cells, the first part of the study included indenting a cell and monitoring their Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and charge/discharge cycling data and comparing them to the ones from the control (intact) samples. The second part of the study included incremental indentation of the cell and collecting EIS measurements at specific times after each increment. The control group went through the same EIS measurements and the time series data were compared to the indented cell. Our results showed that while some properties of batteries such as ohmic resistance remain relatively constant when the battery is subjected to incremental mechanical damage, changes in low-frequency impedance were observed with the mechanical loading, suggesting a criterion to measure the safety of pouch cells.
Hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of refractory intraoperative vasoplegia in a patient with history of squamous cell carcinoma and radiation.

Glossary of terms HR heart rate NIBP non-invasive blood pressure SpO2 peripheral capillary oxygen saturation
SATB2 induction of a neural crest mesenchyme-like program drives invasion and drug resistance in melanoma

Recent genomic and scRNA-seq analyses of melanoma identified common transcriptional states correlating with invasion or drug resistance, but failed to find recurrent drivers of metastasis. To test whether transcriptional adaptation can drive melanoma progression, we made use of a zebrafish mitfa:BRAFV600E;tp53-/- model, in which malignant progression is characterized by minimal genetic evolution. We undertook an overexpression-screen of 80 epigenetic/transcriptional regulators and found neural crest-mesenchyme developmental regulator SATB2 to accelerate aggressive melanoma development. Its overexpression induces invadopodia formation and invasion in zebrafish tumors and human melanoma cell lines. SATB2 binds and activates neural crest-regulators, including pdgfab and snai2. The transcriptional program induced by SATB2 overlaps with known MITFlowAXLhlgh and AQP1+NGFR1high drug resistant states and functionally drives enhanced tumor propagation and resistance to Vemurafenib in vivo. Here we show that melanoma transcriptional rewiring by SATB2 to a neural crest mesenchyme-like program can drive invasion and drug resistance in endogenous tumors.