cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Treatment of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Body dysmorphic disorder is a challenging disorder that manifests as erroneously perceived flaws in one's physical appearance and repetitive behaviors in response to appearance concerns. This disorder is also frequently comorbid with other psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder and autism spectrum disorder. It is currently understood to arise from a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Treatment of body dysmorphic disorder typically consists of a combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, not all patients respond to treatment, and BDD symptoms remain even in those who do respond. This review outlines current pharmacological and neuromodulation treatments for body dysmorphic disorder and suggests directions for future studies of novel treatments such as augmentation with atypical antipsychotics and the use of intranasal oxytocin in cases of body dysmorphic disorder that show residual symptomatology even with tailored monotherapy. There is emerging evidence suggesting that non-invasive neurostimulatory techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, may be of value in treatment-resistant cases.
Plant DNA: Long, Pure and Simple

The difficulties in obtaining undegraded plant nucleic acids free of contaminants are legendary. We describe a method for isolating DNA that is long and apparently free of polysaccharide contaminants. The strategy for preserving DNA length is to initially prevent nuclease activity and to avoid shear forces. The strategy for purification is to pellet insoluble polysaccharides and float proteins as a first step and then separate the DNA from soluble polysacchardes using the buoyant effect of ethidium bromide (EB). Our purpose here is not to describe how to obtain DNA from one organelle free of DNA from any other organelle. For that objective either purified organelles are first prepared or individual DNA components in a mixture are resolved by physical methods such as density gradient centrifugation.
Concept Ship Design for the Iron Nugget Trade

The projected growth in production of pig iron nuggets on the Iron Range of northeastern Minnesota provides new opportunities for marine transportation on the Great Lakes. The shipping of this higher-value commodity necessitates low freight rates and minimum inventory costs. This paper examines viable ship design concepts to provide competitive transportation solutions.
The use of subcritical fluids for the stabilisation of archaeological iron: an overview

Abstract: This chapter reviews and summarises the results of experiments using a new technique known as ‘subcritical’ for the stabilisation of archaeological iron. Five case studies are presented that illustrate the capacity of this technique to rapidly remove entrapped chloride ions from unstable metal with minimal observable changes to the objects’ integrity. This overview focuses on the effectiveness of this treatment from a conservation and preservation perspective. The benefits and current limitations of the technique are identified, as well as important areas where there is a need for further research.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome: reversal of increased susceptibility to infection by bone marrow transplantation

Transplantation of normal bone marrow to mice with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) resulted in normal granulopoiesis and a reversal of their increased susceptibility to challenge with intravenous Candida albicans. These findings suggest that (1) the leukocyte defect in CHS can be reversed by marrow transplantation and (2) the mechanism for increased susceptibility to infection in these animals is due to a bone-marrow-derived cellular defect. Because of similarities between murine and human CHS, bone marrow transplantation might be considered as a mode of therapy in selected cases of the human disease.
The Nature of the Fossil Record: A Biological Perspective

Paleontology can be a rich source of theory and data on evolutionary and ecological processes at more inclusive hierarchical levels and greater time scales than those available to the neontologist. Although the generation-by-generation record of ancient populations and communities is obscured by inconstancy of sedimentation and bioturbation, the record of lager-scale patterns of intra- and interspecific morphological change (and stasis) can be analyzed with confidence when sampling schemes — and the questions being asked — allow for the discontinuous nature of the rock record and the difficulty of precise time correlation among localities. These considerations permit the analysis of such diverse problems as the evolutionary consequences of different genetic population structures (e.g., fragmented vs. panmictic) or genetical systems (e.g., sexual vs. asexual); the intrinsic and extrinsic factors giving rise to a bias towards stasis or gradualism within the species of a given group; and the origin, persistence, and cohesiveness of different ecological communities and community types. The rich morphological data of paleontology (generally only hardparts, although some extraordinary localities provide a far more complete record) yield insights into the pattern of occupation of morphospace through geological time and into the ways in which differential speciation and extinction generate evolutionary trends in groups dominated by morphological stasis. The smooth extrapolation of microevolutionary processes evidently also fails to explain the evolutionary consequences of mass extinction events, which are more frequent, more disruptive, and more important as agents of faunal replacement than previously thought. In its direct study of inclusive levels and long time intervals and of large and rare events that only repeat sufficiently often in the fulness of geological time, paleontology yields a wealth of phenomena not accessible to neontology and promises a fruitful union with microevolution and ecology for a more comprehensive theory of organic change and stability.
Delta Hepatitis and the Hepatitis Delta Virus

Since its discovery in 1977 by Rizzetto and co-workers from Turin, Italy, the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) has become a focus of worldwide interest—interest almost equal to its worldwide importance.1, 2 The delta antigen, which first appeared to be a poorly explained finding of immunofluorescence staining in liver biopsies from Italian chronic hepatitis S surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, has now been shown to be the nucleocapsid antigen of a startlingly unique and important viral agent. HDV is a “defective” RNA virus that can replicate only in the presence of HBsAg, the helper function provided by hepatitis S virus (HBV). For this reason, delta hepatitis occurs only in patients who have HBsAg in serum. Acute delta hepatitis occurs either as co-infection, simultaneous with acute hepatitis B, or as superinfection, in which acute delta hepatitis is superimposed on a chronic hepatitis S or an HBsAg carrier state. Delta superinfection commonly leads to chronic delta hepatitis, which ultimately leads to cirrhosis in more than 50% of cases.3 Delta hepatitis also has a peculiar epidemiology, commonly occurring in prolonged severe outbreaks in isolated communities.4 Delta hepatitis is most likely an old disease; indeed, the fulminant hepatitis syndromes known as Labrea fever and the hepatitis of Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, described in South America for the past 50 years, probably present severe forms of acute delta hepatitis.5 This chapter summarizes recent advances made in the understanding of delta hepatitis and HDV.
The Occupational Impact of Artificial Intelligence: Labor, Skills, and Polarization

Although artificial intelligence (AI) promises to spur economic growth, there is widespread concern that it may replace human labor. We investigate the link between AI and labor by creating a new measure that we call the AI Occupational Impact (AIOI). The AIOI measure links advances in specific applications of AI, such as image recognition, translation, or the ability to play strategic games, to workplace abilities and occupations. We use this measure to study the relationship between AI and wages, employment, and labor market polarization. We provide evidence that, on average, occupations impacted by AI experience a small but positive change in wages, but no change in employment. We also provide evidence that the positive correlation with wages is driven primarily by occupations with higher software skill requirements, and that higher-income occupations have a strong positive relationship between our measure of AI impact and both employment and wages. These findings suggest that access to complementary skills and technologies may play an important role in determining the impact of AI, and that AI has the potential to exacerbate labor market polarization.
Right-to-Work Laws: Ideology and Impact

The debates about right-to-work (RTW) laws have raged for decades. Conservatives have long argued that a freedom principle prohibits employees from being required to pay dues even when a union repr...
Diplomatic Immunity: An Admittedly Short Survey

Diplomatic immunity throughout the ages has remained a requisite of diplomatic intercourse. Religion further buttressed this basic protection, custom sanctified it and reciprocity fortified it. Nonetheless, the degree of protection accorded the envoy varied with each culture, in some cases remaining tenuous, particularly in those civilizations that had become hegemonic and harbored universalistic pretensions and those who regarded the other as barbarian. The rules, customs and conventions surrounding diplomatic immunity have continued to evolve. The fundamental foundations of immunity have shifted from religious to legal; expediency became precedent. What had once been a courtesy hardened into a right.
Cavernous malformations with DVA: Hold those knives

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CMs) are angiographically occult vascular cavities lined by endothelial cells without tight junctions. While CMs can present with hemorrhage, seizures, or focal neurologic deficits, they are frequently found incidentally on brain MRI. They can occur sporadically (typically single) or as part of a familial syndrome (often multiple). On standard MRI (1.5T), at least one-fourth of sporadic CMs are associated with a developmental venous anomaly (DVA), a radial cluster of dilated venous vessels that converge to drain into an enlarged collecting vein. It has been postulated that DVAs can contribute to the formation of sporadic CMs through hemodynamic mechanisms.1 The facts that the prevalence of DVA-associated CMs increases with age2 and that DVAs occur with sporadic but not with familial CMs3 support a pathogenic link. Actually, abnormal venous drainage has consistently been found in association with sporadic CMs when high-sensitivity brain imaging (such as 7T MRI) is used.4
Recent Advances in Computed Tomography and MR Imaging

Numerous advanced MR imaging and computed tomographic techniques have been developed and implemented in clinical practice over the past several years resulting in increased diagnostic accuracy and improved patient care. In this article, the authors highlight recent and emerging imaging techniques in functional and structural MR imaging, perfusion and vascular imaging, standardization of imaging practices, and selected applications of artificial intelligence in clinical practice.
Hot under the collar: A 14-year association between temperature and violent behavior across 436 U.S. counties.

Abstract Objectives Violent behavior is influenced by individual and societal characteristics, but the role of environmental factors is less understood. Our aims were to use national-level data to identify the association between criminal behavior and short-term temperature conditions, including the departure of daily temperatures from normal conditions. Methods We conducted a multi-stage hierarchical time-series model across 436 U.S. counties and 14-years representing 100.4 million people to investigate the association between daily mean temperature and daily mean temperatures departing from normal conditions with violent and non-violent crime counts. First-stage comparisons were made within counties to control for population and geographic heterogeneities, while a second stage combined estimates. We evaluated differences in risk based on county sociodemographic characteristics and estimated non-linear exposure-response relationships. Results We observed a total of 9.0 million violent crimes and 20.9 million non-violent property crimes between 2000 through 2013. We estimated that each 10 °C increase in daily temperature or daily departure from long-term normal temperatures were associated with 11.92% (95% PI: 11.57, 12.27) and 10.37% (95% PI: 10.05, 10.69) increase in the risk of violent crime, respectively. Similar, but lower in magnitude trends, were observed for property crime risks. We found that crime risk plateaus and decreases at high daily temperatures, but for temperatures departing from normal, the association with crime increased linearly. Seasonal variations showed that anomalously warm temperatures days during cool months had the greatest risk. Conclusions Our study revealed an association between higher temperatures and high departure from normal temperatures with both violent and non-violent crime risk, regardless of community-type. However, our findings on seasonal and daily trends suggest that daily mean temperature may impact crime by affecting routine activities and behavior, as opposed to a temperature-aggression relationship. These results may advance public response and planning to prevent violent behavior.
LOWCOUNTRY AT HIGH TIDE: A History of Flooding, Drainage, and Reclamation in Charleston, South Carolina: By Christina Ray Butler. 276 pp.; ill., bibliog., index. Columbia: The University of South Carolina Press, 2020. $34.99 (cloth), isbn 9781643360621; $34.99 (eBook), isbn 9781643360638.

Many of the most ancient technologies of urbanization are meant to control water. While there are examples of settlements interlaced with water, from Venice to precolonial Tenochtitlan to the Benga...
Molecular methods for identifying and diagnosing Trichinella; from historical perspectives to the “-omics” revolution

Abstract Diagnosis of trichinellosis and the identification of Trichinella spp. have taken many forms over the years. Given the absence of morphological characters to advance that goal, science turned to immunological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. Immunological methods have worked well for identifying Trichinella-infected hosts; however, in general, methods have not been developed for identifying individual species and genotypes other than for differentiating among the encapsulated and nonencapsulated clades. This has been hindered by the strong immunodominant tyvelose antigens that are conserved among all members of the genus. Biochemical markers, predominantly isoenzyme patterns, have been more successful at defining genotypes; however, the assays tend to be labor intensive, work best on sizeable samples, and generally require large control datasets for comparative purposes. Thus over time, the industry has turned to molecular techniques, with the earliest method, restriction fragment polymorphism, surfacing in the 1980s. Over time, species identification has followed the evolution of molecular techniques from macroscales to the identification of individual worms via next-generation sequencing. Herein we review the advancement of molecular approaches to studying Trichinella spp. not only for diagnosing and differentiating among genotypes, but also as a prelude to expanding our understanding of population genetics and the evolution of the genus.
A Case of Metastasis of Gastric Cancer to the Bladder

A 62-year-old woman was diagnosed with peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer and was treated with anticancer drugs. Eleven months after the start of the treatment, follow-up computed tomography newly showed thickening of the bladder wall and left hydronephrosis even though the chemotherapy reduced peritoneal dissemination. Therefore, she was referred to our hospital for further evaluation. Cystoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging showed the tumor arising from the bladder neck to trigone. A few days later, she was admitted to our hospital because of bladder tamponade. Transurethral coagulation was carried out, and we resected part of the bladder tumor for pathological examination at the same time. As the pathological features of the bladder tumor were similar to those of the primary stomach cancer and peritoneal dissemination, the diagnosis of the bladder tumor was metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. She died three months after visiting our hospital.
Telehealth for opioid use disorder treatment in low-barrier clinic settings: an exploration of clinician and staff perspectives.

Background The majority of individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) face access barriers to evidence-based treatment, and the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the United States (US) opioid overdose crisis. However, the pandemic has also ushered in rapid transitions to telehealth in the USA, including for substance use disorder treatment with buprenorphine. These changes have the potential to mitigate barriers to care or to exacerbate pre-existing treatment inequities. The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore Philadelphia-based low-barrier, harm-reduction oriented, opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment provider perspectives about and experiences with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to assess their desire to offer telehealth to patients at their programs in the future. Methods We interviewed 22 OUD treatment prescribers and staff working outpatient programs offering OUD treatment with buprenorphine in Philadelphia during July and August 2020. All participants worked at low-barrier treatment programs that provide buprenorphine using a harm reduction-oriented approach and without mandating counseling or other requirements as a condition of treatment. We analyzed the data using thematic content analysis. Results Our analysis yielded three themes: 1/ Easier access for some: telehealth facilitates care for many patients who have difficulty attending in-person appointments due to logistical and psychological barriers; 2/ A layered digital divide: engagement with telehealth can be seriously limited by patients' access to and comfort with technology; and 3/ Clinician control: despite some clinic staff beliefs that patients should have the freedom to choose their treatment modality, patients' access to treatment via telehealth may hinge on clinician perceptions of patient "stability" rather than patient preferences. Conclusions Telehealth may address many access issues, however, barriers to implementation remain, including patient ability and desire to attend healthcare appointments virtually. In addition, the potential for telehealth models to extend OUD care to patients currently underserved by in-person models may partially depend on clinician comfort treating patients deemed "unstable" via this modality. The ability of telehealth to expand access to OUD care for individuals who have previously struggled to engage with in-person care will likely be limited if these patients are not given the opportunity to receive treatment via telehealth.
Performer-Level Systems Analysis: How Systemic Are Behavioral Interventions? A Ten-Year Review of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management

Abstract A review of the Journal of Organizational Behavior Management(1992-2001) was conducted to determine how “systemic” the applied behavioral interventions were. Criteria for the term “systemic” in an organizational behavior context were derived from Rummler and Brache's (1995) Human Performance System (HPS). Six dependent measures derived from Rummler and Brache's HPS were used to evaluate the systemic nature of the interventions. The dependent variables were classified into one of three mutually exclusive categories: whether the variable was modified, discussed but not modified, or absent. The classification of variables was used to determine the degree to which an intervention was “systemic.” Results indicated that considerations of systemic factors were often modified and rarely merely discussed. A majority of the studies examined dealt with 2, 3, or 4 of the 6 systemic variables evaluated.
A Novel Technique to Detect Epipelagic Fish Populations and Map their Habitat

Abstract : The ultimate goal of this research project is to substantially improve scientists' understanding of the relation between ecologically important key fish species (e.g., sardine and albacore) and the physical environment by collecting synoptic measurements with improved spatial and temporal resolution of observations. The author's partnership program is striving to develop a new method for detecting fish and synoptically mapping their environment at nested spatial and temporal scales. This new technique involves employing aerial data collection techniques (which are able to collect data at a much larger range of temporal and spatial scales than traditional methods) and coupling them with directed and coordinated ship-based observations, buoy data, and satellite-derived information. The nested array of observations are being analyzed and modeled in a Geographical Information System-based environment to provide qualitative and quantitative views of habitat- and behavior-induced fish distribution patterns.
Data Mining: Granular Computing Approach

In the relational database theory, it is assumed that the universe U to be represented is a set. The classical data mining took such assumption. In real life applications, the entities are often related. A "new" data mining theory is explored with such additional semantics.
History of Parkinson's disease.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the historical events that have shaped and will continue to shape the understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD)—the past, present and future of its clinical identity, etiology, pathophysiology and treatments. Pathological investigations of the late 19th and early 20th centuries ultimately led to the discovery of neuroanatomical lesions of PD. Admittedly unsure, Parkinson proposed that abnormalities in the medulla oblongata were responsible. Subsequently Hughlings Jackson and Gowers entertained involvement of the cerebellum and motor cortex, respectively. Studies of postencephalitic parkinsonism fostered new clinical and pathological developments. Encephalitis lethargica or von Economo's encephalitis occurred in Europe and North America as a result of the influenza pandemic of 1915–1926. The next phase of dramatic progress in Parkinson's disease occurred in the early and mid 20th century, with advances in neurochemistry and the discovery of dopamine. The idea of chemical neurotransmission developed in the early 20th century with physiological and chemical studies of the autonomic nervous system and heart. Epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline), acetylcholine and eventually dopamine and serotonin were identified.
Efficient Adaptive Algorithms for Transposing Small and Large Matrices on Symmetric Multiprocessors

Matrix transpose in parallel systems typically involves costly all-to-all communications. In this paper, we provide a comparative characterization of various efficient algorithms for transposing small and large matrices using the popular symmetric multiprocessors (SMP) architecture, which carries a relatively low communication cost due to its large aggregate bandwidth and low-latency inter-process communication. We conduct analysis on the cost of data sending / receiving and the memory requirement of these matrix-transpose algorithms. We then propose an adaptive algorithm that can minimize the overhead of the matrix transpose operations given the parameters such as the data size, number of processors, start-up time, and the effective communication bandwidth.
QoS issues in redundant trees for protection in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs

We study quality of service issues in preplanned recovery using redundant trees in vertex-redundant or edge-redundant graphs. In particular, we present efficient heuristic algorithms for finding a pair of working-protection trees with large bandwidth in the working tree. Computational results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms. Many challenging problems remain open.
A multiple hypothesis predictive alerting (MHPA) method for improved aircraft state awareness

The lack of aircraft state awareness has been one of the leading causal and contributing factors in aviation accidents. Many of these accidents were due to flight crew's inability to understand the automation modes and properly monitor the aircraft energy and attitude state. The capability of providing flight crew with improved aircraft state awareness is essential in ensuring aviation safety. The aircraft state described in this paper includes energy state, attitude state, and system mode state. Most of the elements in these states can be measured by onboard navigation systems such as Global Navigation Satellites Systems (GNSS), Inertial, and Air Data. This paper describes a predictive alerting method that uses Multiple Hypothesis Prediction (MHP) based on available aircraft avionics outputs. A speed reversion scenario is used to demonstrate the functionality of the MHP method in reducing the occurrence of the vertical navigation (VNAV) function mode confusion.
Tracing our roots: origins of clinical laboratory science.

Objective To trace the roots of clinical laboratory science by explaining how women initially gained access to scientific work and to describe the emergence of clinical laboratories. Design A survey of literature on the history of clinical laboratory science was conducted. References consulted include various books and professional journals. Conclusion The origin of the field of clinical laboratory science can be traced to the early 1900s. Between 1890 and 1910, women were able, for the first time, to pursue careers in scientific professions, clinical laboratories became established in hospitals, and the clinical utility of laboratory tests became more widely recognized by physicians.
Development of a headlight glare simulator for a driving simulator

We describe the design and construction of a headlight glare simulator to be used with a driving simulator. The system combines a modified programmable off-the-shelf LED display board and a beamsplitter so that the LED lights, representing the headlights of oncoming cars, are superimposed over the driving simulator headlight images. Ideal spatial arrangement of optical components to avoid misalignments of the superimposed images is hard to achieve in practice, and variations inevitably introduce some parallax. Furthermore, driver’s viewing position varies with driver height and seating position preferences, exacerbating misalignment. We reduce the parallax errors using an intuitive calibration procedure (a simple drag-and-drop alignment of nine LED positions with calibration dots on the screen). To simulate the dynamics of headlight brightness changes when two vehicles are approaching, LED intensity control algorithms based on both headlight and LED beam shapes were developed. The simulation errors were estimated and compared favorably with real-world headlight brightness variability.
Linking of Utah genealogies to outpatient colonoscopy records defines familial aggregation of colorectal polyps and cancer.

Background The Utah Population Database (UPDB) is a shared research resource of the University of Utah. It combines Utah genealogies dating back to the 1700s with data from statewide resources, including a cancer registry, hospital claims, as well as birth and death certificates. A project completed in 2008 linked the UPDB to patient demographic records from Intermountain Healthcare which is a non-profit medical system that serves Utah and Southeast Idaho, providing care to approximately 60% of the resident population. The availability of large numbers of linked, electronically searchable medical records offers unique opportunities for improved clinical and outcomes research. We address the question of the extent to which colonic adenomas and hyperplastic polyps co-segregate with colon cancer risk in non-syndromic families.
Chemical and Spectroscopic Evidence for an FeV-Oxo Complex

Iron(V)-oxo species have been proposed as key reactive intermediates in the catalysis of oxygen-activating enzymes and synthetic catalysts. Here, we report the synthesis of [Fe(TAML)(O)]- in nearly quantitative yield, where TAML is a macrocyclic tetraamide ligand. Mass spectrometry, Mossbauer, electron paramagnetic resonance, and x-ray absorption spectroscopies, as well as reactivity studies and density functional theory calculations show that this long-lived (hours at -60 degrees C) intermediate is a spin S = 1/2 iron(V)-oxo complex. Iron-TAML systems have proven to be efficient catalysts in the decomposition of numerous pollutants by hydrogen peroxide, and the species we characterized is a likely reactive intermediate in these reactions.
A method of data management in a simulator used for large reservoir models

A software package has been developed to manage the transfer of data arrays back and forth between central memory and temporary disk storage. It was designed for and installed in a reservoir simulation program to provide the capability of simulating models containing in excess of 30,000 gridblocks. The simulator runs on both IBM and CRAY systems. Simulator routines with array arguments are called via the disking package, which first ensures that needed arrays are in memory. If all arguments do not fit in memory, the package calls the routine repeatedly, each time with a different range of array elements until the full array range has been covered. Often, arrays to be brought into memory do not fit into the randomly distributed existing empty memory spaces, even though the total empty space is sufficient. An efficient algorithm has been developed to handle this problem with a minimum amount of shuffling of existing memory contents.
Expression of myostatin is not altered in lines of poultry exhibiting myofiber hyper- and hypoplasia.

Abstract Decades of selective breeding have yielded lines of poultry with substantial myofiber hyperplasia, vet little is known about what genes have been altered during the course of selection. Myostatin is a strong negative regulator of muscle mass in mice and cattle and could have been one of many genetic factors contributing to increased myofiber deposition in growth-selected lines of poultry. To test this hypothesis, the sequence and expression patterns of myostatin were analyzed in growth-selected lines of chickens and quail. The sequence of broiler myostatin cDNA, amplified via reverse transcription (RT)-PCR from embryonic muscle RNA, contained no missense mutations in the coding sequence when compared to that of White Leghorn layers, although two silent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were found. Northern analysis of myostatin transcripts from embryonic pectoralis and quadriceps showed no significant differences in expression levels between broiler and layer muscle RNA. However, levels of myostatin transcripts were greatly reduced in muscles of posthatch chicks compared to embryonic muscle. Myostatin protein was also present in broiler and layer embryonic muscle at similar levels. No significant polymorphisms or differences in RNA expression levels were found in embryonic muscles of divergently selected lines of Japanese quail. These results indicate that intense artificial selection in these growth-selected lines of poultry has neither silenced the expression of myostatin nor created null alleles via mutation in the lines analyzed.
A Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Platform With Remote Distribution Circuit Cosimulation

This paper demonstrates a novel cosimulation architecture that integrates hardware testing using power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) techniques with larger-scale electric grid models using off-the-shelf non-PHIL software tools. This test bed for distributed integration enables utilities to study the impacts of emerging energy technologies on their system and manufacturers to explore the interactions of new devices with existing and emerging devices on the power system, both without the need to convert existing grid models to a new platform or to conduct in-field trials. This paper describes an implementation of this architecture for testing two residential-scale advanced solar inverters at separate points of common coupling (PCCs). The same hardware setup is tested with two different distribution feeders (IEEE 123 and 8500 node test systems) modeled using GridLAB-D. In addition to simplifying testing with multiple feeders, the architecture demonstrates additional flexibility with hardware testing in one location linked via the Internet to software modeling in a remote location. In testing, the inverter current, real and reactive power, and PCC voltage are well captured by the cosimulation platform. Testing of the inverter advanced control features is currently somewhat limited by the software model time step (1 s) and tested communication latency (24 ms). These limitations could be overcome using faster modeling and communication within the same cosimulation architecture.
Vesicular cutaneous T cell lymphoma presenting with gangrene.

1. Black MM. Lichen planus and lichenoid eruptions. In: Rook A, Wilkinson DS, Ebling FJG, et ai, eds. Textbook of dermatology. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1986: 1665-85. 2. Peachey JE, Brien JF, Roach CA, et al. A comparative review of the pharmacological and toxicological properties of disulfiram and calcium carbimide. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1981;1 :21-6. 3. Jobard-Drobacheff C, Blanc D, Quencez E, et al. Lichen planus of the oesophagus. Clin Exp Dermatol1988; 13:38-41. 4. Sheehan-Dare RA, Cotterill JA, Simmons AV. Oesophageallichen planus. Br J Dermatol 1986;115:729-30.
Analogs of Tetrahydrofolic Acid XX: Effects of Modification of the Bridge Between the Pyrimidyl and Phenyl Moieties of 2-amino-5-(3-anilinopropyl)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol on Inhibition of Dihydrofolic Reductase and Thymidylate Synthetase II

Two new bridges between the pyrimidyl and phenyl binding moieties of 2-amino-5-(3-anilinopropyl)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinol (I) have been synthesized and enzymatically evaluated. The ─SO 2 ·N(R)·(CH 2 ) 3 ─ bridge between a p -tolyl group and the pyrimidyl moiety gave an inhibitor (X) more effective than I with a ─N(R)·(CH 2 ) 3 ─ bridge, even though the former bridge was one atom longer. The─CO·N(R)·(CH 2 ) 3 ─bridge between the pyrimidyl and phenyl moietiesgave a compound (XI) that was a more effective inhibitor of dihydrofolic reductase than I, but much less effective against thymidylate synthetase. 2-Amino-5-( N -carbophenoxy-3-anilinopropyl)-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinethiol (VIII) showed a cross-over specificity, being at least tenfold more effective on thymidylate synthetase than dihydrofolic reductase.
Static and pulsatile blood pressure correlates of left ventricular structure and function in black and white young adults: the CARDIA study

Abstract Objective: To determine the unbiased relative strength of the association of static (systolic and diastolic) and pulsatile (pulse pressure) blood pressure components with left ventricular mass and function. Background: Blood pressure is correlated with left ventricular mass; however, the unbiased relative strength of static and pulsatile blood pressure components with left ventricular mass and function is unknown in young adults. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of 3918 young adult participants at 4 community-based CARDIA clinical centers during 1990 and 1991. Results: Left ventricular mass positively correlated ( P P = .19). The association rank ordered as systolic blood pressure > pulse pressure > diastolic blood pressure except in white men, in whom pulse pressure and systolic blood pressure reversed positions in this hierarchy. Systolic blood pressure was the third and fourth strongest independent correlate of left ventricular mass in men and women, respectively. Body mass index, followed by height, was the strongest correlate of left ventricular mass in both sexes. Left ventricular wall thickness/chamber radius ratio positively correlated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure (women only) ( P P Conclusions: Although systolic blood pressure was consistently the strongest unbiased blood pressure correlate of left ventricular mass, this relation varied by ethnicity and sex. Pulse pressure correlated with favorable left ventricular function and geometry, suggesting an opposite meaning to the ominous prognosis of wide pulse pressure in hypertensive, older adults. (Am Heart J 1999;138:856-64.)
A chat interface for human-agent interaction in MAST

In this paper we introduce a group-messaging interface that allows humans to efficiently interact with a group of agents through a hierarchical and customizable text protocol. Our approach is presented in the context of the MAST mobile agent-based framework for security and administration of large scale computer networks. The MAST framework is primarily human-centric and directly supports human-agent interaction that enables customized agents to notify administrators and react to abnormal environmental conditions. The proposed IRC-like interface was developed and tested in the context of MAST. In this paper we present the group-manager interface in contrast with other agent interfaces currently available in the MAST framework.
Computerized stripping method for multiple nuclide microsphere studies

Radiolabeled microspheres are commonly used to measure cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution in small animals such as rats. By using batches of microspheres labeled with different nuclides, several flow measurements can be made in the same animal. A protocol and computer program for analyzing data from multiple nuclide microsphere experiments are described. This protocol is designed to reduce the amount of arterial blood which must be withdrawn during microsphere distribution and eliminate the potential loss of data due to contamination of reference samples by nuclides used in previous flow measurements.
Gauge Invariance, Lorentz Covariance, and Current Correlation Functions

Current correlation functions are defined by means of the response of a system to variations in an external potential. These functions contain, in addition to the time-ordered product of current operators, extra terms that are related to the equal-time noncommutativity of charge and current densities. Although the time-ordered product is not Lorentz-covariant, the requirement of gauge invariance is shown to imply the Lorentz covariance of the entire current correlation function.
Fine motor outcomes in preschool children who receive occupational therapy services.

Objective This study examined preschool children's acquisition of fine motor skills and functional performance when occupational therapy services are included as part of the educational program. It also investigated the relationships among fine motor skills and functional performance in self-care, mobility, and social function. Method Twenty-six preschool children who received weekly occupational therapy were studied. Measurements of their in-hand manipulation, tool use, eye-hand coordination, grasping strength, and functional performance in self-care, mobility, and social function were taken at the beginning and end of the school year. Results Raw and scaled scores showed significant improvements in all skill areas; standard scores showed slight improvement in eye-hand coordination and mobility function. Correlations of the motor skill tests with the functional performance scales using year-end data revealed significant correlations for in-hand manipulation, eye-hand coordination, and grasping strength with self-care function and mobility. Conclusions The results demonstrate the level of change that occurs in fine motor skill and self-care, mobility, and social function during the course of the school year for preschoolers with moderate fine motor delays. The relationships found in the year-end testing imply that performance in underlying fine motor skills as the focus of occupational therapy intervention is associated with self-care and mobility function.
The design, development, and implementation of a solar environmental simulator (SES) for the SAO Faraday Cup on Solar Probe Plus

This paper describes the implementation of a solar simulator, know as the Solar Environment Simulator (SES), that can simulate solar flux levels up to those encountered at 9.8 solar radii. The paper outlines the design, and the challenges of realizing the SES. It also describes its initial uses for proving out the design of the Solar Winds Electrons, Alphas, and Protons (SWEAP) Faraday cup. The upcoming Solar Probe Plus (SPP) mission requires that its in-situ plasma instrument (the Faraday Cup) survive and operate over an unprecedented range of temperatures. One of the key risk mitigation activities during Phase B has been to develop and implement a simulator that will enable thermal testing of the Faraday Cup under flight-like conditions. While still in the initial start-up, the SES has proven to be an instrumental component in the process of predicting the inflight performance of the SWEAP Faraday Cup. With near continuously variable power control above the threshold of 1.6kW/lamp up to approximately 6.5kW/lamp, the SES has been used to determine the system response to a wide range of incoming flux, thereby making it possible to correlate detailed thermal models to a high degree of certainty (see Ref. [1], Figure 1.1). The SES consists of a set of repurposed, and slightly re-designed standard movie projectors. The projectors have proven to be an economical and effective means to safely hold and control the xenon short-arc lamps that are the basis of the SES. This paper outlines the key challenges controlling the extremely high flux levels (~70w/cm^2) necessary to make the SES a useful test facility.
Heterogeneous reaction kinetics of epoxide-functionalized regenerated cellulose membrane and aliphatic amine

Abstract The reaction kinetics of an epoxide-functionalized regenerated cellulose membrane with excess aliphatic amine are examined using differential scanning calorimetry. Both isothermal and dynamic experiments are analyzed. The reaction is found to follow first-order autocatalytic kinetics. The activation energy based on five different methods ranges from 77.0 to 79.7 kJ/mol, indicating that the apparent activation energy for the heterogeneous epoxy/aliphatic amine reaction is considerably higher than the values reported in the literature for the homogeneous reaction.
A two-pulse, pump-probe method for short-range, remote standoff detection of chemical warfare agents

We describe a photofragment laser-induced fluorescence (PF-LIF) method that can be applied to the short-range-standoff detection of low-volatility organophosphonate chemical warfare agents (OP-CWAs) on surfaces. It operates by photofragmenting a surface-bound analyte and then actively interrogating a released phosphorous monoxide (PO) fragment using LIF. We demonstrate a single-pulse-pair (pump = 500 μJ @ 266 nm; probe = 20 μJ @ 248 nm) surface detection sensitivity of 30 μg/cm 2 for the organophosphonate diisopropyl isothiocyanate phosphonate (DIPP) on aluminum and 210 μg/cm 2 for the same analyte on a more porous concrete surface. By detecting the PO photofragment, the method indicates the presence of organophosphonates; however, we show that it also responds to other phosphorouscontaining compounds. Because of its limited specificity, we believe that the method may have most immediate use as a mapping tool to rapidly identify "hotspots" of OP-CWAs. These would then be confirmed using a more specific tool. As one method of confirming the presence of OP-CWAs (and identifying the agent), we demonstrate that the probe beam can be used to acquire Raman-scattering spectra of the target area.
An International Perspective on Reorienting Traditional Higher Education Institutions toward Lifelong Learning

This paper provides thoughts on how an international conception came about and moved forward regarding reorienting Higher Education Institutions toward Lifelong Learning (LLL). The background of LLL in ancient times and its emergence in recent times is presented. My involvement is described in bringing this about as a concept, and doing the research to flesh-out the specific elements. My research includes: Developing a definition of LLL; bringing together the international partners from 19 countries to identify the seven major elements of a LLL Higher Education Institution; engaging two universities from opposite sides of the globe in articulating and listing the 78 measurable performance indicators [MPI] for LLL; bringing together participants for discussing the MPI, from 13 nations at an International Lifelong Learning Conference; and, actively involving a major International University (Chulalongkorn – Bangkok, Thailand) to go through the steps for setting in place and implementing its being a global player on the stage in moving forward that idea for the future of the world in general and the world of lifelong learning [LLL] – its length, height, depth, and breadth.
Measuring bridge performance using a structural health monitoring system

Advanced composite materials are widely recognized to be an effective material for the strengthening of structures subjected to seismic events. These materials are also being investigated as a potential rehabilitation technique to increase the live-load capacity of a bridge. While there are benefits to this technique, there are limitations as well, such as a lack of long-term performance data. Performance is taken here to include serviceability, reliability and durability. This paper will demonstrate how a structural health monitoring system can be utilized to determine measures of performance for a bridge rehabilitated using advanced composite materials. First, the theoretical framework of the health monitoring system will be developed. Next, the philosophy and design of the composite rehabilitation will be described. As part of the monitoring process, the bridge will be tested prior to beginning the rehabilitation work to verify the base line condition. After the rehabilitation work is completed, data will be collected on a periodic basis and the results evaluated to determine the performance of the bridge was improved.
Effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on tyrosine uptake and metabolism in neuroblastoma cultures.

Abstract A series of thin-layer Chromatographic (TLC) systems were employed to study the effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db-cAMP) on the metabolism of 3 H-tyrosine in neuroblastoma cultures. The neuroblastoma monolayer cultures incubated with radiolabelled tyrosine synthesized di-hydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE), in confirmation of previous reports identifying these compounds in neuroblastoma cultures. In addition, we found evidence suggesting the presence of metabolites of DA and NE, that is, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) together with 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA). When these cultures were grown in the presence of db-cAMP for 3 days, tyrosine uptake was increased with a proportional increase in tyrosine hydroxylation. This effect persisted in the absence of db-cAMP, but it was not apparent with only 90 min exposure to db-cAMP. Suspension cultures showed the same baseline level of tyrosine uptake as did monolayer cultures, but the uptake in suspension cultures failed to increase with db-cAMP treatment. It is suggested that the db-cAMP induced differentiation of the neuroblastoma cells in monolayer cultures was associated with induction of a tyrosine uptake system.