cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Global GPS data analysis at the National Geodetic Survey

NOAA's National Geodetic Survey (NGS) has been one of the Analysis Centers (ACs) of the International GNSS Service (IGS) since its inception in 1994. Solutions for daily GPS orbits and Earth orientation parameters are regularly contributed to the IGS Rapid and Final products, as well as solutions of weekly station positions. These solu- tions are combined with those of the other ACs and then the resultant IGS products are distributed to users. To perform these tasks, NGS has developed and refined the Program for the Adjustment of GPS EphemerideS (PAGES) software. Although PAGES has continuously evolved over the past 15 years, recent efforts have focused mostly on updating mod- els and procedures to conform more closely to IGS and the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) conventions. Details of our processing updates and demonstrations of the improvements will be provided.
Quantifying the physical and chemical mass transfer processes for the fate and transport of Co(II)EDTA in a partially-weathered limestone–shale saprolite

The objective of the research is to quantify the relative contributions of physical and chemical mass transfer to the movement of Co(II/III)EDTA (chelates of Cobalt and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid or EDTA) through a limestone-shale saprolite soil. Saprolite is a collective term referring to partially-weathered bedrock. It exists extensively in the subsurface. Because the parent bedding structures are maintained during the weathering process, saprolite soils are characterized by intensive fractures and secondary deposits of minerals such as Al-, Fe- and Mn-oxides on the fracture surfaces. Movement of reactive species through the soils may be influenced by diffusion into the rock matrix, a physical mass transfer (PMT) process, and interfacial chemical reactions, a chemical mass transfer (CMT) process. The PMT and CMT processes are phenomenologically similar but mechanistically different. In this research, previous laboratory observations from a Br and Co(II)EDTA tracer injection into an undisturbed saprolite soil column were used. Mechanistic reactive transport models were formulated to quantify the PMT and CMT processes. The PMT process was independently characterized by using the non-reactive tracer Br. Model parameters thus obtained were subsequently used as constraints to quantify the CMT processes involving Co(II)EDTA and its oxidation product Co(III)EDTA. Our calculations indicated that the PMT rates of the less reactive Co(III)EDTA were comparable with their theoretical CMT rates. In contrast, for the more reactive species Co(II)EDTA, CMT rates are higher than PMT rates. Evaluations of alternative CMT process models further confirmed one of our hypotheses on the basis of previous experimental understandings. The hypothesis suggested that competition from Fe-oxide for Co(II)EDTA may account for the majority of the decrease of Co(III)EDTA effluent concentrations that resulted in the separation of total Co and Co(III)EDTA breakthrough curves. Because Co(III)EDTA is more mobile than Co(II)EDTA in the subsurface, the results of this research suggest independent quantifications of CoEDTA PMT and CMT processes if laboratory results are to be interpreted correctly and scaled up for field and predictive uses.
Therapeutic robots for older adults: investigating the potential of paro

As the population ages, there is an increasing need for socioemotional support for older adults. Therapeutic pets have been used to meet this need, but there are limitations in the practicality of placing pets in older adults’ living environments. More recently therapeutic robots have been proposed as a solution. However, there is limited research on the efficacy of deploying therapeutic robots to provide socio-emotional support to older adults. This study investigates the potential of the Paro robot seal to support older adults’ needs while avoiding some of the limitations of current pet therapy approaches. Our results will provide insight about how robots can be designed and deployed to increase therapeutic efficacy. ACM Categories & Subject Descriptors: I.2.9 [Artificial Intelligence]: Robotics
Spurious impotence after hypospadias repair

A fifteen-year-old who had undergone multiple hypospadias repairs alleged erectile dysfunction as a result of his surgery. A new method of nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity monitoring supplied objective evidence to refute this allegation. Attention is drawn to the need for and availability of written documentation when diagnosing the presence or absence of erectile ability.
Purba Pakistan Zindabad: Bengali Visions of Pakistan, 1940–1947

This paper details the history of the concept of Pakistan as debated by Bengali intellectuals and literary critics from 1940–1947. Historians of late colonial South Asia and analysts of Pakistan have focused on the Punjab along with colonial Indian ‘Muslim minority’ provinces and their spokesmen like Muhammed Ali Jinnah, to the exclusion of the cultural and intellectual aspects of Bengali conceptions of the Pakistan idea. When Bengal has come into focus, the spotlight has centred on politicians like Fazlul Huq or Hassan Shahid Suhrawardy. This paper aims to provide a corrective to this lacuna by analyzing Bengali Muslim conceptualizations of the idea of Pakistan. Bengali Muslim thinkers, such as Abul Mansur Ahmed, Abul Kalam Shamsuddin, and Farrukh Ahmed, blended concepts of Pakistan inside locally grounded histories of the Bengali language and literature and worked within disciplines of geography and political economy. Many Bengali Muslim writers from 1940 to 1947 creatively integrated concepts of Pakistan in poetry, updating an older Bengali literary tradition begun in earlier generations. Through a discussion of the social history of its emergence along with the role of geography, political thought, and poetry, this paper discusses the significance of ‘Pak-Bangla’ cultural nationalism within late colonial South Asian history.
Surface investigations with a Kelvin probe force microscope

Abstract The contact potential difference between a reference tip and sample can be measured with high spatial resolution using a modified version of the scanning force microscope. The instrument is comparable to a Kelvin probe but allows the simultaneous imaging of contact potential difference and, in addition, topography. The contact potential difference is not only dependent on the material, i.e. work function, but also on the condition of the surface. Therefore changes in contamination, stress, temperature, the crystalline structure, oxide-layer properties and (trapped) charges can significantly alter the contact potential difference. Initial results concerning these parameters will be presented.
Sudden coronary death: relation of amount and distribution of coronary narrowing at necropsy to previous symptoms of myocardial ischemia, left ventricular scarring and heart weight.

Abstract The amount and distribution of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque at necropsy is described in 70 victirns, aged 22 to 81 years (mean 50), of sudden coronary death. Of 3,484 five-millimeter segments examined (mean 50 per patient) from the 4 major (lefl main, left anterior descending, left circumflex and right) coronary arteries, 950 (27%) were narrowed 76 to 100% in cross-sectional area (XSA), 1,127 (32%), 51 to 75%; 689 (20%), 26 to 50%; and 718 (21%), O to 25%. More extensive severe narrowing occurred in the proximal than in the distal halves of the left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries. Comparison between the 31 previously symptomatic victims (angina pectoris or a clinical acute myocardial infarction or both) with the 39 victims who had previously been asymptomatlc disclosed a significantly higher mean percent of severely narrowed (76 to 100% XSA) 5-mm segments (30 vs 25%, p
Phylogenetic relationships of thorny catfishes (Siluriformes: Doradidae) inferred from molecular and morphological data

Doradidae is a putatively monophyletic group of South American freshwater catfishes containing 30 extant genera and 72 valid species. Only one study to date has attempted to estimate phylogenetic relationships among doradids. This morphological analysis partitioned species into two basal genera (Wertheimeria and Francisodoras) and a crown group of three subfamilies (Platydoradinae, Astrodoradinae and Doradinae) whose relationships were unresolved. No subsequent work has been done to resolve the subfamilial trichotomy or to assess whether postulated intergeneric relationships are accurate. We address this problem with complete sequences (2.5 kilobases, kb) of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes and partial (1.3 kb) sequences of the nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) gene from representatives of 23 doradid genera (43 species) and 13 outgroups from additional siluriform families. Phylogenetic analysis of these data yields strong support for the monophyly of Doradidae and Astrodoradinae (as well as other relationships), but otherwise shows significant conflict with morphological results. A partial re-examination of published morphological data indicates that many characters may have been incorrectly polarized and many taxa have incorrect state assignments. Our results provide a framework for ongoing efforts to describe the species-level diversity of this poorly understood neotropical family. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 140, 551–575.
Evaluating Therapeutic Change in Symptom Severity at the Level of the Individual Woman Experiencing Severe PMS

Treatment effectiveness of an intervention designed for women experiencing severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) was assessed at the level of the individual woman since patterns of individual response are of most relevance to practitioners. Symptom severity was evaluated daily in five women across seven menstrual cycles using a time-series methodology. Three symptom severity patterns emerged from the baseline data analysis: a "classic" PMS pattern, a premenstrual magnification pattern and a social week pattern. Patterns of therapeutic response emerged from the time-series analysis of post-treatment data compared with baseline symptom severity patterns: a "normalized" response pattern where symptom severity declined to a mild, cyclic process and an "unstable" response pattern that remained reactive. Treatment effects for menstrual cycle phenomena may be evaluated using the "normalizing" or "unstable" patterns as clinical indicators.
Kinetic Comparison Among the Fastball, Curveball, Change-up, and Slider in Collegiate Baseball Pitchers

Background:Controversy exists about whether breaking pitches are more stressful than are fastballs. Previous biomechanical studies compared kinematics but not kinetics.Hypothesis:Elbow and shoulder forces and torques are statistically different among the fastball, curveball, change-up, and slider.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Twenty-one healthy collegiate pitchers were studied with a high-speed automated digitizing system. All subjects threw fastballs (n = 21), most threw curveballs (n = 20) and change-ups (n = 19), and a few threw sliders (n = 6). Wrist, elbow, and shoulder kinetics were calculated using inverse dynamics. Nine kinetic and 26 kinematic parameters were compared among the different pitch types using repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results:At the shoulder, internal rotation torque, horizontal adduction torque, abduction torque, and proximal force were significantly less in the change-up than in the other 3 pitches. Shoulder horizontal adduction torque was greater i...
Nanotechnology and adeno-associated virus-based decorin gene therapy ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a life-sustaining therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), used by 10–15% of the dialysis population worldwide. Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a known complication of lo...
Mitigating routing misbehavior in multi-hop networks using evolutionary game theory

Multi-hop wireless networks have been an active research area for decades, however, the solutions proposed to solve routing misbehaviors are still not robust. In this paper, we use the evolutionary game theory (EGT) framework to address one issue of routing misbehavior, the problem of selfishness. We propose the use of distributed algorithms that are able to force selfish nodes to cooperate and forward packets from other nodes, despite their desire to “conserve energy” by not forwarding external packets.
Electrode type and placement configuration for quadriceps activation evaluation.

Context: The ability to accurately estimate quadriceps voluntary activation is an important tool for assessing neuromuscular function after a variety of knee injuries. Different techniques have bee...
V-08 Laparoscopic conversion of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) to roux-en-y gastric bypass (RYGB) for intractable gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

ackground: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has proven o be a safe and efficacious step or stand alone surgical procedure or the treatment of morbid obesity (MO). Long-term complicaions appear to have a low incidence. However in recent publicaions gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has been reported to ccur in up to 27% of patients 6 years after the procedure. Rouxn-Y Gastric bypass (RYGB) appears to be the only successful reatment option for this adverse effect. ethods: We report a case of a patient that underwent LSG for O that developed severe GERD. The patient had multiple preious surgeries including open mesh repairs of ventral hernias omplicated by recurrent small bowel obstruction and repair of a arge hiatal hernia. esults: After extensive lysis of adhesions, a laparoscopic anteolic antegastric RYGB was performed. The postoperative period as unremarkable and the patient had complete resolution of ERD. onclusion: Laparoscopic conversion of LSG to RYGB for inractable GERD appears to be a feasible and efficacious approach.
Flow-volume curve contour in COPD: correlation with pulmonary mechanics

A study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness as well as the mechanical determinants of the flow-volume contour in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty patients with COPD of varying etiology were divided equally into two groups. Group 1 had an airway collapse pattern (described in the text) designated type 1, and group 2 had a more curvilinear obstructive pattern designated type 2. Pressure, volume, and flow relationships were examined. The results of our studies showed that a type 1 flow-volume contour in a patient with obstructive airways disease suggests a critical combination of central and peripheral airway collapse at high lung volumes with loss of elastic recoil. However, not all patients with loss of recoil will exhibit this contour. Persistence of type 1 contour suggests that there is a component of airway instability which may be irreversible.
Using a formal technique for protocol idealization: a cautionary note

Analysis of cryptographic protocols by BAN-type logics requires an idealization step to transform a concrete protocol into a logical abstraction. Experience shows that the idealization task is notoriously error-prone. A protocol may be seriously flawed, yet an incorrect idealization can cause a proof of a protocol's correctness using the logical rules to go through. Mao (1995) has proposed a formal reasoning technique to guard against protocol idealization errors. A simple example demonstrates that his technique misses certain kinds of idealization errors that appear to be within its scope.
Effects of under-load tap changer (LTC) on power system voltage stability

The effect of load tap changer (LTC) action on a transformer's adjusted side voltage (usually the secondary side of step-down transformers) is evaluated when the tap position on LTC is raised (lowered) to increase (decrease) the adjusted side voltage. The effects of other measures such as series and shunt compensation and their combination with LTCs are also evaluated. A static representation model of a power system model on a large populated industrial center such as the Puget Sound area of Bonneville Power Administration and the Boston area of New England Power Service are evaluated. The characterization of reactive power voltage (Q-V) relation and real power voltage (P-V) relation curves during a voltage degradation process is studied. The results and experience gained from system specific applications are enumerated. >
Diffraction of elastic waves by a rigid 90° wedge Part I

abstract Integrals representing the reflected and diffracted elastic waves generated by the incidence of a plane compressional wave on a rigid quarter-plane are evaluated by an application of the Cagniard-De Hoop technique. It is shown that diffracted spherical waves radiate away from the tip of the quarter-plane at the shear and compressional wave speeds. The spherically spreading compressional wave excites secondary shear waves on the surfaces and edges of the quarter-plane. These secondary spherical wavelets envelope a ruled surface which is conical in shape at the edges of the scatterer. The envelope propagates away from the quarter-plane at the critical angle and forms a Mach wave or bow wave. The usual reflected shear and compressional plane waves are also present and combine with the diffracted waves to form the geometric shadow of the quarter-plane.
Dollars, Sterling, and the Sterling Area

THE books by Bell and Polk on sterling and the sterling area and the book by Gardner on the Anglo-American negotiations of the postwar agreements that dealt with monetary and trade arrangements are important contributions; the first two serve to enhance our understanding of the sterling area system as it has operated in the postwar years, while Gardner's work provides us with a picture of what the representatives of these two "key countries" in trade and finance thought the major postwar problems would be and how they attempted to work out solutions to these problems.
Calculus students' early concept images of tangent lines

This study explored first-semester calculus students' understanding of tangent lines as well as how students used tangent lines within the context of Newton's method. Task-based interviews were conducted with twelve first-semester calculus students who were asked to verbally describe a tangent line, sketch tangent lines for multiple curves, and use tangent lines within the context of Newton's method. We examined students' graphical illustrations and the language they used to describe tangent lines and identified six prominent categories that described students' concept images of tangent lines. Our data show that individual students often possessed multiple concept images of tangent lines, and often these multiple concept images were conflicting. Furthermore, students were usually willing to modify their concept images of tangent lines depending on the task presented to the students.
Impacts of Hikers on Aquatic Invertebrates in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Utah

Abstract Effects of in-stream hiking on benthic standing stocks and drifting aquatic invertebrates and on organic matter were examined in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Zion National Park, Washington County, Utah. Densities of drifting aquatic invertebrates and organic matter increased with increasing numbers of hikers and reached a threshold level at high numbers of hikers. However, there was no apparent longer-term effect on standing stocks of benthic invertebrates or on organic matter. Densities of benthic invertebrates and organic matter did not differ among sites. Results suggest that in-stream hiking in the North Fork of the Virgin River increases drifting by invertebrates, but invertebrates from nearby undisturbed patches readily colonize impacted reaches.
Prion protein lacks robust cytoprotective activity in cultured cells

Background: The physiological function of the cellular prion protein (PrP C ) remains unknown. However, PrP C has been reported to possess a cytoprotective activity that prevents death of neurons and other cells after a toxic stimulus. To explore this effect further, we attempted to reproduce several of the assays in which a protective activity of PrP had been previously demonstrated in mammalian cells. Results: In the first set of experiments, we found that PrP over-expression had a minimal effect on the death of MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells treated with TNF-α and Prn-p0/0 immortalized hippocampal neurons (HpL3-4 cells) subjected to serum deprivation. In the second set of assays, we observed only a small difference in viability between cerebellar granule neurons cultured from PrP-null and control mice in response to activation of endogenous or exogenous Bax. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest either that cytoprotection is not a physiologically relevant activity of PrPC, or that PrPC-dependent protective pathways operative in vivo are not adequately modeled by these cell culture systems. We suggest that cell systems capable of mimicking the neurotoxic effects produced in transgenic mice by N-terminally deleted forms of PrP or Doppel may represent more useful tools for analyzing the cytoprotective function of PrPC.
Cochlear implantation is associated with minimal anesthetic risk in the elderly.

Objectives/Hypothesis: Most elderly patients with severe to profound hearing loss are not being referred for cochlear implantation (CI), the only intervention to significantly improve hearing and quality of life in this population. Possible concern over the risks of anesthetic in the elderly may be one of the foremost concerns. The authors investigated whether advanced age is a risk factor when undergoing general anesthesia for cochlear implantation. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at a tertiary academic referral center of 70 patients older than 70 years, who underwent CI with general anesthesia between 1984 and 2007, and for whom anesthesia records were available. Patients were divided into anesthetic risk group A (American Society of Anesthesiologist classification [ASA] I/II) and B (ASA III/IV). Intraoperative and postoperative anesthesia-related complications were identified. Results: Of the 70 patients, 44 were in group A and 26 were in group B, both with a mean age of 77. Four patients, one from group A and three from group B, required intraoperative pressors for blood pressure support. There were no anesthesia-related complications in group A, but there were three (12% of group B and 4% overall) in group B: delayed extubation, postoperative congestive heart failure, and urinary retention. There was no long-term morbidity or mortality. Conclusions: General anesthesia is well tolerated by elderly patients undergoing cochlear implantation. Preexisting medical condition of the patient as defined by ASA is a better predictor of intraoperative and postoperative complication than age alone. Laryngoscope, 2009
Immortalized Mouse Inner Ear Cell Lines Demonstrate a Role for Chemokines in Promoting the Growth of Developing Statoacoustic Ganglion Neurons

The target-derived factors necessary for promoting initial outgrowth from the statoacoustic ganglion (SAG) to the inner ear have not been fully characterized. In the present study, conditioned medium from embryonic Immortomouse inner ear cell lines that maintain many characteristics of developing inner ear sensory epithelia were screened for neurite-promoting activity. Conditioned medium found to be positive for promoting SAG neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival was then tested for the presence of chemokines, molecules that have not previously been investigated for promoting SAG outgrowth. One candidate molecule, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), was detected in the conditioned medium and subsequently localized to mouse hair cells by immunocytochemistry. In vitro studies demonstrated that function-blocking MCP-1 antibodies decreased the amount of SAG neurite outgrowth induced by the conditioned medium and that subsequent addition of MCP-1 protein was able to promote outgrowth when added to the antibody-treated conditioned medium. The use of the Immortomouse cell lines proved valuable in identifying this candidate cofactor that promotes outgrowth of early-stage SAG nerve fibers and is expressed in embryonic hair cells.
Velocity of CO2 exchange in blood.

The velocity of CO2 exchange in blood is dependent upon a number of interrelated processes, including chemical reactions, diffusion, and con· vective mixing. Both parallel and serial processes are involved, and alteration of one branch of this complex network (Figure I) has repercussions through· out the entire system. Hence, there necessarily is no set velocity of CO2 exchange in blood; the rate of carbon dioxide movement is a function of many variables. From an experimental standpoint, it is not possible to investigate all these factors simultaneously. The usual approach is to study the role of a single variable under conditions in which the other parameters are held relatively constant. Extrapolation of these data to physiological circumstances is accomplished using mathematical models of gas exchange. This approach has led to a substantial improvement in our understanding of CO2 exchange (32) compared to that of two decades previously (40). The major drawback of the synthesis of individual processes in computational models is the potential to fail to include a critical, but unknown, process in the theoretical construct.
Touchless telerobotic surgery - is it possible at all?

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation among touchless, vision-based hand tracking interfaces (Kinect and Leap Motion) and the feasibility of their adoption into the surgical theater compared to traditional interfaces.
Humility Within Critical Pedagogy

My Chinese grandmother had bound feet. As a young child, I placed her feet in a washbasin filled with warm water each night and massaged her broken arches and crumpled toes. This binding represented physical bondage and disfigurement by men hoping to control their women.
Kennedy, the Fall, and the Tail of Minos

In Dante's Inferno, the damned appeared before Minos, who judged the gravity of their sins and assigned their souls to their respective circles of Hell by wrapping his tail around his body. In this paper, I examine whether, in light of its decision in Kennedy v. Louisiana and its methodology for reviewing categorical exemptions from the death penalty, the Supreme Court has problematically assumed for itself the role of a kind of contemporary constitutional Minos, at least in the realm of capital punishment. First, I argue, Kennedy is a case about comparative resulting harms among violent crimes. The Kennedy dissent should have more robustly attacked the Court's categorical exemption methodology, which undervalues legitimate penological justifications for capital punishment and ultimately constitutionalizes the Court's subjective assessments of culpability and harm, allowing the Court to dictate offense seriousness, public morality, and political acceptability of the death penalty. Second, the Court's attempt to limit its holding is illusory because Kennedy's loose rhetoric and underdeveloped harm theory could jeopardize the constitutionality of any statute that permits the death penalty for a non-homicide offense, including crimes against the state, and even unintentional murders that may not satisfy the Court's own sensibilities about resulting harm. Finally, Kennedy's Minos-like approach to assessing the gravity of offenses and to imposing its own moral judgment demonstrates that there remains both relevance and legitimacy in the structural debate over the scope and exercise of judicial power, especially where that power undermines the community's reasoned efforts to cope with violent crime.
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Materials for “Nova Star” Solar Cells: State of Technology and Outstanding Challenges

The photovoltaic research community has been astonished by a new star: perovskite solar cells. Recent research progress in perovskite solar cells is highlighted in this review, including the crystal structures, film engineering, device performance, and future challenges.
High Penetration Residential Solar Photovoltaics and the Effects of Dust Storms on System Net Load

Residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are becoming increasingly common around the world. Much of this growth is attributed to a decreasing cost of solar PV modules, reduction in the cost of installation and other “soft costs,” along with net-metering, financial incentives, and the growing societal interest in low-carbon energy. Yet this steep rise in distributed, uncontrolled solar PV capacity is being met with growing concern in maintaining electric grid stability when solar PV reaches higher penetration levels. Rapid reductions in solar PV output create an immediate and direct rise in the net system load. Demand response and storage technologies can offset these fluctuations in the net system load, but their potential has yet to be realized through wide-scale commercial dissemination. In the interim these fluctuations will continue to cause technical and economic challenges to the utility and the end-user. Late-afternoon peak demands are of particular concern as solar PV drops off and household demand rises as residents return home. Transient environmental factors such as clouding, rain, and dust storms pose additional uncertainties and challenges. This study analyzes such complex cases by simulating residential loads, rooftop solar PV output, and dust storm effects on solar PV output to examine transients in the net system load. The Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area is used as a case study that experiences dust storms several times per year. A dust storm is simulated progressing over the Phoenix metro in various directions and intensities. Various solar PV penetration rates are also simulated to allow insight into resulting net loads as PV penetration grows in future years.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Opposing Effects of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Happiness on Gene Expression is Correlated Noise

Background. This paper re-analyzes the gene set data from Fredrickson et al. (2013) and Fredrickson et al. (2015) which purportedly showed opposing effects of hedonic and eudaimonic happiness on the expression levels of a set of genes that have been correlated with social adversity. Methods. Four non-parametric methods were used to test the two null hypotheses addressed in the original studies (H0 : Hedonia = 0 and H0 : Eudaimonia = 0) as well as the null hypothesis of no difference in effect between hedonic and eudaimonic happiness (H0 : Hedonia − Eudaimonia = 0). Results. Standardized effects (mean partial regression coefficients) of Hedonia and Eudaimonia on gene expression levels are very small in both the 2013 and 2015 data, as well as the combined data. The p-values from all four tests are similar in magnitude and fail to reject any of the null models. Discussion. The results unambiguously fail to support opposing effects, or any detectable effect, of hedonic and eudaimonic happiness on the pattern of gene expression. The apparently replicated pattern of gene expression is simply correlated noise due to the geometry of multiple regression given the strongly correlated measures of hedonic and eudaimonic happiness.
Discovery of the Worker Caste of Pheidole (P.) inquilina, New Combination (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

All castes of Pheidole inquilina (Wheeler) new combination, including the soldier which is reported for the first time, were found in nests of Pheidole pilifera coloradensis Emery, a host species, at the Nevada Test Site. The soldier is described and figured. The finding of the soldier, with its obvious Pheidole characteristics, has made it necessary to transfer inquilina to the genus Pheidole Westwood and to synonymize the monobasic genus Epipheidole Wheeler.
Explaining Injustice in Speech: Individualistic vs. Structural Explanation.

Implicit bias has recently gained much attention in scholarly attempts to understand and explain different forms of social injustice by identifying causally relevant mental states in individual’ minds. Here we question the explanatory power of implicit bias in a particular type of injustice, testimonial injustice, and more generally in what we call speech injustice. Testimonial injustice occurs when the audience deflates a speaker’s credibility due to the speaker’s perceived social identity (Fricker, 2007). We identify two drawbacks of a widely accepted explanation attributing testimonial injustice to prejudices (e.g. implicit bias) in the mind of the hearer, and argue that further understanding of this phenomenon can be gained from a structural explanation that appeals to discursive conventions and interlocutors’ positions in the communicative exchange.
Natural resistance to Mycoplasma pulmonis infection in mice: host resistance gene(s) map to chromosome 4

Strains of mice differ greatly in resistance to infection in their lungs with virulent Mycoplasma pulmonis (MP) organisms even during the first 5 days, prior to detection of humoral or T cell mediated acquired immune responses. C57BL/6 mice are resistant, and BALB/c and C3H mice are susceptible, and one major gene, MP, not linked to the H2 major histocompatibility complex, regulates resistance. C57BL/6 x C3H (B x H) and BALB/c x C57BL/6 (C x B) recombinant inbred strain mice were infected intratracheally with the T2 strain of MP. Five days later, the recovery of organisms from tracheolung lavages and lung tissue was determined. The strain distribution pattern of resistance indicated that the MP gene maps to chromosome 4. B6.C-H18 (B6 mice congenic for the BALB/c H18 gene of chromosome 4) were much more susceptible than B6 mice, but were less susceptible than BALB/c mice, supporting the data obtained with the recombinant inbred strain mice, but suggesting that other genes may also influence resistance to infection with MP.
Path Dependence, Equilibrium and Economic Growth

The process of economic growth is often viewed as a dynamic and path-dependent one in which history matters, but the theories and models of economic growth normally invoke the concept of equilibrium, albeit, a dynamic one. Recently there have been attempts to introduce path dependence into theories and models, including models of economic growth, which allow history to have an important role in determining the path of the economy. This chapter discusses why path dependence may be a desirable property of models and, to do so, it develops a taxonomy of different methods with which path dependence has been or can be incorporated in models. Using this taxonomy, it discusses how the introduction of path dependence in growth models can change our understanding of the nature and determinants of, and policies for, economic growth.
Lymph node siderosis in trypan blue treated rats

The accumulation of iron in the lymph nodes of trypan blue treated rats was examined as a possible experimental counterpart of the lymph node siderosis which occurs in patients with Hodgkin's disease. Lymph nodes removed from the hilus of the liver, retrosternal area, axilla and root of the small bowel mesentery were examined histologically for iron in rats receiving 6-20 subcutaneous injections of trypan blue at biweekly intervals and in control rats. An increase in erythrophagocytosis accompanied by a progressive increase in the amount of stainable iron was found in the RE cells of nodes located in the lymphatic outflow tract of the liver. As in patients with Hodgkin's disease, an increase in erythrophagocytosis together with the prolonged retention of iron by RE cells appears to account for the accumulation of iron in the lymph nodes of trypan blue treated rats.
Embracing Interdependencies: Machines, Humans and Non-humans

As a creator of interactive, constructed ecosystems, I discuss my artistic practice as a way to experience self as interdependent and to re-engineer relationships between humans and other species. Technologically enhanced mirroring, participation, re-programmed elements and designing for non-humans are examined as techniques that entangle the audience within the fabricated systems. Re-configuring the human participant as one element enmeshed within a system that equally includes technology, industry, waste streams and other living things, I work towards new models of collaboration and shared world building.
Business-Owning Families: Challenges at the Intersection of Business and Family

This chapter summarizes the literature at the intersection of family and business for households owning a family business. While it may appear that these business-owning households earn higher income and accumulate more wealth, they face the challenges of managing the family/business interface. This chapter utilizes the Sustainable Family Business Theory (SFBT) to carefully assess how human, social, and financial capitals are used within the family business to support both the family and business. A special case is examined where SFBT is applied to couples starting a business.
Propagation factors affecting the performance of 5G millimeter wave radio channel

Millimeter wave spectrum becomes the frontier for 5G cellular network due to the availability of massive bandwidth in 30–300GHz radio spectrum which can be used for cellular communications and backhaul services. But the free space propagation loss is larger in the millimeter wave bands because of the higher carrier frequency. This paper describes different propagation factors that affect the performance of the 5G millimeter wave radio channel and shown the effect of frequency selective fading in the millimeter wave band by 2-ray and 3-ray multipath signal analysis. It is also shown that the performance of the radio channel greatly varies with the operating frequency of the radio channel, user mobility, and the surrounding objects (i.e., fixed or moving) that create indirect rays with differential path delays.
Periocular, periorbital, and orbital pathology in liver disease

Although the connection is not often apparent, hepatic pathology may be associated with ophthalmic disease. We review the literature concerning the periocular, periorbital, and orbital manifestations of various hepatic disorders. This includes periocular or periorbital jaundice, the impact of hepatitis B and C, eyelid changes in cirrhosis, orbital mass lesions in hepatocellular carcinoma, and cutaneous vascular malformations as they are related to liver disease. The motility disorders associated with Wilson disease, the ophthalmic manifestations of Alagille syndrome, and the effects of liver transplantation are also discussed.
Neuroimaging Findings in HIV-Infected Patients at San Francisco General Hospital, 1997-2012 (P06.181)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze neuroimaging findings in HIV-infected individuals presenting for care at our institution over the past 15 years. BACKGROUND: There have been no large reviews of neuroimaging findings in the HIV population in the last decade in the context of more recent practice changes, including earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective observational study of HIV-infected patients seen at San Francisco General Hospital between 1/1997 and 9/2012 was conducted. Of 5398 patients screened, 490 underwent at least one brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. Contrast was administered in 75% of scans. Predictor variables included in cross-sectional analysis were: indication for MRI, CD4 count, and use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). RESULTS: Of 305 brain MRIs reviewed in detail, 263 (86.3%) had some identified abnormality. The most common findings were periventricular and/or subcortical white matter changes of varying degrees (n=126), followed by global volume loss (n=83). Opportunistic infections or neoplasms were identified in 6.5% (n=17). These included progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, toxoplasmosis, lymphoma, and CMV ventriculitis, and were seen in patients with lower CD4 counts and without ART use. Hydrocephalus was reported in 12 cases. Other findings included stroke, traumatic sequelae, basal ganglia abnormalities, meningiomas, and developmental venous anomalies. Altered mental status, cognitive decline, trauma, headache, and sepsis were common reasons for obtaining imaging. CONCLUSIONS: While opportunistic infections were uncommonly seen compared to earlier in epidemic, other MRI abnormalities were more frequent, including white matter changes, in the current era of anti-retroviral therapy. Disclosure: Dr. Grill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Edwards has nothing to disclose. Dr. Price has received personal compensation for activities with Abbott Laboratories.
Abstract B101: TrkB (NTRK2) as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC in combination with EGFR TKIs

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) account for approximately 25-30% of all non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. To date, a limited number of therapeutic targets have been identified for SCC NSCLC; thus there is a critical need to identify novel, effective therapeutic regimens for this patient population. We utilized reverse phase proteomic arrays (RPPA) from two cohorts of early-stage NSCLC patients to investigate potential therapeutic targets overexpressed in SCC NSCLC. We identified tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) as being overexpressed in SCC NSCLC compared to non-SCC NSCLC. Using a panel of NSCLC cell lines, we determined that phosphorylated TrkB levels were significantly elevated in SCC NSCLC cell lines compared to adenocarcinoma NSCLC cell lines. Treatment with the TrkB inhibitor, AZD7451, significantly reduced the constitutive activation of TrkB and decreased phosphorylation of downstream signaling components, including Erk and AKT in HCC95 cells (SCC). The addition of the TrkB ligand, BDNF, resulted in a modest increase in TrkB phosphorylation in H1703 cells (SCC), which was blocked with the addition of AZD7451. We next investigated the role of TrkB in facilitating tumor cell invasiveness. Treatment of A549 cells (adenocarcinoma NSCLC) with exogenous BDNF significantly enhanced tumor cell migration, which was blocked with the addition of AZD7451. However, the effects of TrkB activation on cell migration were cell line specific as BDNF did not enhance tumor cell migration in H460 or H23 cells. Given prior publications suggesting potential crosstalk between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and TrkB, we sought to determine whether crosstalk between EGFR and TrkB occurs in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Although evidence of crosstalk was heterogeneous among cell lines, EGF stimulation increased activation of TrkB in Cal27 (head and neck SCC), and this effect was blocked by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), erlotinib. Moreover, in vitro cell viability assays demonstrated a synergistic effect of erlotinib in combination with AZD7451 in both adenocarcinoma and SCC cell lines. Taken together, these findings indicate that TrkB is a potential therapeutic target in a subset of SCC NSCLC patients and that the antitumor activity of TrkB-targeting agents may be potentiated by EGFR inhibition. In addition, our findings suggest that activation of the TrkB pathway may drive an invasive phenotype in a subset of NSCLCs. Citation Format: Mia E. Hofstad, Daniel R. Gomez, Monique B. Nilsson, Lauren A. Byers, Lixia Diao, Jing Wang, Lerong Li, Pan Tong, John V. Heymach. TrkB (NTRK2) as a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC in combination with EGFR TKIs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B101.
Role of statins in cerebral vasospasm

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, are widely used clinically for their lipid lowering properties. Recent evidence shows that statins are also effective in ameliorating cerebral vasospasm, which occurs as sequelae of subarachnoid haemorrhage. This review focuses on the pleiotropic effects of statins, and the putative mechanisms involved in statin mediated attenuation of cerebral vasospasm.
A comprehensive three‐dimensional sustainability measure: The ‘missing P’ of ‘people’ – a vital stakeholder in sustainable development

Sustainability depends on a balanced relationship of the triple bottom line – people, profit and planet. However, limited research exists on how employees comprise the people component as vital stakeholders. The advancement of sustainability research has been hampered by the lack of a comprehensive measure incorporating three dimensions. Hence, three studies were conducted to develop a measure. In Study 1, qualitative interviews with 16 sustainability executives and a literature review led to development of 41 items. In Study 2, exploratory factor analysis of the measure with 102 working adults confirmed three dimensions and reduced it to 34 items. In Study 3, confirmatory factor analysis of panel data from 119 human resource managers resulted in a fit with three dimensions. SEM analysis indicated an antecedent relationship with innovative culture, learning orientation, and a supportive and collaborative culture. The people dimension is related to organizational identification as an important outcome. Strengths, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Comparing Modeling Predictions of Aluminum Edge Dislocations: Semidiscrete Variational Peierls–Nabarro Versus Atomistics

Multiple computational methods for modeling dislocations are implemented within a high-throughput calculation framework allowing for rigorous investigations comparing the methodologies. Focusing on aluminum edge dislocations, 21 classical aluminum interatomic potentials are used to directly model dislocation core structures using molecular dynamics and to provide input data for solving the semidiscrete variational Peierls–Nabarro dislocation model. The predicted dislocation core spreading obtained from both computational methods shows similar trends across the potentials. Additionally, tests are done to rigorously determine if a recent correction to the Peierls–Nabarro model results in better agreement with the atomistic calculations.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ARTERIAL BRANCH FLOW

Abstract The expense of time-dependent three-dimensional (3-D) fluid dynamic computations has precluded their use in routine simulation of arterial flows. Steady two-dimensional (2-D) calculations are considerably less expensive. We have begun a study to explore the possibility that such 2-D results, although much less realistic, may provide useful guidance regarding the response of hemodynamic variables to modest changes in luminal geometry. In this effort, shear distributions are calculated in 2-D branch geometries whose contours are obtained from radiographs of human aortic bifurcations. These distributions are then compared with the results of unsteady 3-D laboratory experiments. Early results indicate a strong correlation between the computed vorticity of the fluid at the walls of the branch, and the experimental time-averaged shear rates. In addition, a strong correlation was found between the curvature of the walls of the flow divider and the computed vorticity.