cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Removal of basic nitrogen compounds from diesel oil with complexing extraction

Removal of basic nitrogen compounds from FCC diesel oil with AlCl3/methanol complexing extraction agent was investigated.The results showed that the content of basic nitrogen compounds in FCC diesel oil was decreased,the appearance color and existent gum of diesel oil were improved greatly.Removal rate and feed oil recovery were obviously increased with the mixed solvents of methanol and formic acid.The removal rate was up to 96.6%,feed oil recovery was 97.0% when ratio of extraction solvent to oil was 1.0,formic acid/ methanol was 1:4,AlCl3 was 1.0g/L and reaction time was 3min.
Large Landscape Scale Analysis of Tree Death in the Adirondack Park, New York

We propose that healthy forests depend on quantitatively predictable tree death as a continuous process linked to forest structure and growth. Quantifying a baseline mortality value by forest structure analysis using the Law of de Liocourt allows estimation of forest health by comparing the observed mortality to a baseline value. This method is applicable to large landscape samples, but not generally to individual forest stands. Observed relative mortality per dbh class from a random sample of the Adirondack Park (New York, USA) forest was slightly, but significantly, less than the baseline relative mortality per dbh class required for maintaining size-distribution stability of the forest. This result suggests a changing structure involving increased forest density, or future mortality increase to maintain the current structure. Differences in structure-mortality relationships among the more abundant species indicate changing composition of the forest. This reflects unhealthy conditions in some species (American beech, yellow birch, balsam fir, and red spruce) that are compensated by enhanced development of others (red maple, sugar maple, and eastern hemlock).
Social Media Use: Antecedents and Outcomes of Sharing

This chapter addresses three major aspects of general and workplace social media usage. The first section briefly describes how people use social media, with specific attention given to social networking sites (SNS). The second section summarizes the motivations for why people and organizations use social media. The third section identifies the outcomes associated with the usage of social media for both the individual users and the workplace. The outcomes for individuals are often contradictory and include social aspects, such as building social capital versus perpetuating loneliness, and health aspects, such as improving well-being versus increased stress over privacy concerns. Similarly, conflicting positive and negative organizational outcomes associated with job performance, job attitudes, social capital, and privacy issues are discussed.
Human-Dominated Rivers and River Management in the Anthropocene

Abstract This chapter examines the management of human-dominated rivers and the challenges these rivers face in the Anthropocene. Climate change is likely to affect precipitation, runoff, and river flows, and in some regions the effect on river flows may be positive. In many regions, growing demand for water is expected to stress rivers more so than climate change. Nonpoint source pollution is a pervasive problem for human-dominated rivers, and novel compounds and nanotechnology may further stress the ecological integrity of these systems. Undeveloped water resources occur mainly in international river basins, and these systems are likely to be developed as demands for water and energy increase. Human-dominated rivers are social-ecological systems, and the philosophy of sustainable river management is well-suited to the management of these rivers. Building on the ideas of integrated and adaptive management, sustainable river management strives to preserve future adaptability, while meeting current social and ecological needs. Meaningful stakeholder involvement is fundamental to sustainable river management, highlighting the need for information sharing among researchers, policy makers, managers, and the public.
Hedonic Valuation Issues

This chapter reviews hedonic valuation issues. It begins in the general economics literature with a statement of what is being measured and provides three theoretical examples from leading authors. It then depicts market equilibrium and discusses empirical measurement strategies. Illustrations of what the value of life is not are discussed. Next, econometric issues causing a wide range of reported valuation results are discussed. Finally, attempts at forensic economics applications, within the context of wrongful death and personal injury litigation, are addressed. Because legal cases are treated in another chapter of this volume written by Ireland, and general acceptance for compensation purposes in forensic economics is discussed in a chapter written by Brookshire and Slesnick, these topics are excluded here. The chapter concludes with a lengthy references list.
Clinical Validation of PROMIS Global Short Form in Pregnancy

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important patient-reported outcome, yet research regarding HRQoL during pregnancy is limited. We examined HRQoL during pregnancy using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Short Form (GSF) and validated the GSF compared to legacy HRQoL measures. We evaluated HRQoL among 161 women seeking pregnancy care in urban clinic settings. Participants completed measures of HRQoL, social support, antenatal depression, and utility. Descriptive statistics and correlation coefficients were calculated. Participants averaged 27(±6.6) years and were culturally diverse: 42% self-identified as Hispanic, 37% Black, non-Hispanic, 14% White, non-Hispanic and 7% multiracial or other. Mean estimated gestational age was 9 (±4.6) weeks. PROMIS GSF Physical T-scores were significantly correlated with SF-12 Physical Component Score (PCS) and Mental Component Score (MCS) HRQoL measures (correlation coefficient=0.40 and 0.49, p-value<0.0001, respectively), the Modified Kendler Social Support Index (MKSSI) (correlation coefficient=0.42, p-value<0.0001), and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) measure of utility (correlation coefficient=0.19, p-value =0.04). GSF Mental T-scores were associated with SF-12 MCS and PCS (correlation coefficient=0.66, p-value<0.0001, and 0.26, p-value<0.01, respectively), MKSSI (correlation coefficient=0.50, p-value<0.0001), and VAS (correlation coefficient=0.29, p-value<0.01). GSF Physical and Mental scores were inversely associated with the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), correlation coefficient= −0.62 and − 0.71, respectively (p-value<0.0001). GSF-derived utility measures demonstrate significant correlation with SF-12 PCS and MCS, MKSSI, EPDS, and VAS. Overall, PROMIS GSF domains demonstrate correlation with legacy HRQoL measures as well as validated measures of social support, depression, and utility among a diverse cohort of pregnant women.
Rhabdomyosarcoma, Spindle Cell/Sclerosing Variant: A Clinical and Histopathological Examination of this Rare Variant with Three New Cases from the Oral Cavity

Spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (S-ScRMS) was recently recognized in 2013 by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a stand-alone entity (Parham et al., WHO classification of tumours of soft tissue and bone, IARC Press, Lyon, 2013). Historically, the spindle cell and sclerosing variants were subcategorized under embryonal type rhabdomyosarcoma. Current data supports that certain S-ScRMS cases have a more aggressive clinical course with reduction of long-term survival, and those found in the head and neck region often exhibit extensive local recurrence. Furthermore, due to variable histopathologic appearances and immunohistochemical findings, misdiagnosis is common. We aim to report the variability in histopathologic patterns, immunohistochemical findings, radiographic features, and clinical data on three new cases of S-ScRMS presenting in the oral cavity of young adult males (ages 22, 24, and 39 years). The English-language literature on S-ScRMS is briefly reviewed as well.
Predictive Validity and Impact of CAEP Standard 3.2: Results From One Master’s-Level Teacher Preparation Program:

This study investigates the predictive validity and policy impact of Council for Accreditation of Educator Preparation minimum admission requirements in Standard 3.2 on teacher preparation programs...
Do Mutual Funds Consider Tax Avoiding Firms Too Risky

We document evidence that mutual funds, on average, are averse to investing in tax-avoiding firms, which seems anomalous given mutual fund managers’ incentive structure. Our results remain unchanged when we address endogeneity concerns using several methods, including identification through instrumental variables, difference-in-differences, and matching methodologies, and after running a litany of robustness checks. We also find that poor-performing mutual funds reduce their ownership in tax-avoiding firms, a result inconsistent with both fund managers’ incentive and diversification motives. Furthermore, mutual funds’ aversion to tax-avoiding firms persists regardless of the mutual funds’ investment horizons.
Wireless channel selection with non-invasive power probing

Non-Invasive power probing refers to a technique in which a wireless device interrogates a given wireless frequency or channel by transmitting a small amount of power while measuring the change in received interference in order to determine the medium's reactivity and subsequent tolerance to additional usage. In this paper, we consider non-invasive active power probing mechanism and use these mechanisms to determine the best channel for a wireless user in a heterogenous decentralized network. While sensing only reveals the current channel interference, this active probing technique allows for consideration of both the current interference environment as well as the reactivity of existing channel conditions to a new source of interference. This gives insight into the interplay between the new device and the users already established on the channel. Specifically, we consider the history of transmission power control and active probing in wireless protocols, we develop network scenarios and simulate passive probing and active probing using Foschini-Miljanic power control. These simulations suggest that system level power savings can be achieved using non-invasive power probing.
Split-scope definites: Relative superlatives and Haddock descriptions

This paper argues for a particular semantic decomposition of morphological definiteness. I propose that the meaning of ‘the’ comprises two distinct compositional operations. The first builds a set of witnesses that satisfy the restricting noun phrase. The second tests this set for uniqueness. The motivation for decomposing the denotation of the definite determiner in this way comes from split-scope intervention effects. The two components—the selection of witnesses on the one hand and the counting of witnesses on the other—may take effect at different points in the composition of a constituent, and this has non-trivial semantic consequences when other operators inside the DP take action in between them. In particular, I analyze well-known examples of mutually recursive definite descriptions like ‘the rabbit in the hat’ (when there are two rabbits and two hats but only one rabbit in a hat and only one hat with a rabbit in it) as examples of definites whose referent-introducing and referent-testing components are interleaved rather than nested. I further demonstrate that this picture leads to a new theory of relative superlative descriptions like ‘the kid who climbed the highest tree’ (when there is no highest tree per se, only a highest tree-climbing kid), which explains the previously mysterious role of the definite determiner in licensing such readings.
Advances in modeling polarimeter performance

Artifacts in polarimeters are apparent polarization features which are not real but result from the systematic errors in the polarimeter. The polarization artifacts are different between division of focal plane, spectral, and time modulation polarimeters. Artifacts result from many sources such as source properties, micropolarizer arrays, coatings issues, vibrations, and stress birefringence. A modeling examples of polarization artifacts due to a micro-polarizer array polarimeter is presented.
Freeing the Mind: Breaking the Chains of Ideological Enslavement

Academic societies offered opportunities to counter proslavery beliefs during the Haitian Revolution. In the Old Regime, the institution of slavery permeated colonial society and influenced ideology, and was upheld by learned societies. However, after 1791, these institutions began to counter proslavery beliefs with abolitionist arguments. Learned societies were important means of disseminating knowledge to all levels of colonial society. During the Haitian Revolution, philanthropists founded a racially integrated Free Society of Sciences, Arts, and Humanities to showcase the intellectual achievements of men of all colors. The effect of emancipation and the philanthropic efforts to maintain it were irreversible, and the influence of learned societies is visible in Haitian history during and after the revolution.
Nuptiality, Fertility, and Reproductivity

We omit Wicksell’s discussion of Swedish nuptiality and fertility, and his distinction between net reproduction rates based on legitimate and illegitimate births.
Cellular Phospholipases A1 and Lysophospholipases of Mammals

Here we begin a series of three chapters devoted to vertebrate phospholipases of cellular origin. The extracellular, pancreatic phospholipase A2 is not included; rather, it is covered with the venom phospholipases with similar nature and function. The functions of the cellular phospholipases in a few instances are given in these three chapters but the major description of the functions of these phospholipases is covered in Chapter 11.
Domain-Specific and Domain-Independent Interactive Behaviors in Andes

In this study, students studied two different domains in the same Intelligent Tutoring System, Andes. Analysis of 435 log files from 22 subjects indicated that there are two types of interactive behaviours in Andes: domain-independent and domain-specific. We believe the existence of the domain-specific behaviours is one possible reason that similar meta-cognitive behaviors has not been found across domains in a single ITS curriculum [1][2]. This paper describes the study and the potential applications of these findings.
Role of Internal Thoracic Artery Grafts in Reoperative Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Coronary reoperations can be performed safely with internal thoracic artery grafts. There does not appear to be any increased perioperative risk in patients undergoing reoperation who have had prior internal thoracic artery grafting, or in patients having single or bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting at reoperation. Some observational studies demonstrate a decreased hospital risk in patients undergoing reoperative coronary surgery who have had prior internal thoracic artery grafting. This may be due to the excellent long termpatency of internal thoracic artery grafts and how this preserves ventricular function. There is also some evidence that internal thoracic artery grafting at reoperation improves long term survival as compared to a reoperative strategy of only saphenous vein grafting.
Electricity, Magnetism, and Electromagnetic Waves

We have mentioned that light is an electromagnetic wave with a frequency that lies in a particular range: ∼ 4 ×1014 to ∼ 7 ×1014 Hz. But what is an electromagnetic wave? To answer this question, we will need to study electricity and magnetism. The principles of this branch of physics are the basis of operation of the various electronic instruments used in sound reproduction, such as radio transmitters and receivers, amplifiers, microphones, and speakers. There is an interesting further relevance: The atom often serves as a primary source of light and is the receiver of light in our eyes. How the atom performs these functions and how the atom is held together depend upon the laws of electricity and magnetism. We experience numerous manifestations of electricity which are not dependent upon technological developments: They were known by mankind before the age of science. Most powerful and majestic are thunder and lightning, which involve enormous currents of electric charge flowing from thousands of feet above, down to the earth’s surface. Static electricity is another manifestation. It is said that Thales of Miletus was the first to note around 600 bc that amber rubbed with fur attracts straw. In the magnetism arena, many of us are familiar with “lodestone,” which is the rock mineral “magnetite” in a magnetized state. Lodestone is capable of attracting iron and, for centuries, served as a compass for guiding sailors out at sea.
Vitamin D and childhood asthma: causation and contribution to disease activity.

Purpose of reviewTo review the literature of the past 18 months (April 2017 through September, 2018) relating to vitamin D and childhood asthma.Recent findingsA combined analysis of two clinical trials of maternal vitamin D supplementation trials showed a significant protective effect of vitamin D s
Toward a Social Archaeology of Food for Hunters and Gatherers in Marginal Environments: a Case Study from the Eastern Subarctic of North America

The archaeology of hunters and gatherers has long focused on the economic and technological dimensions of food use and procurement. In marginal environments especially, hunter-gatherer food use has often been situated within an adaptationist calculus of survival and environmental accommodation. The ethnographic record of hunter-gatherers that inhabited such environments, however, indicate that social and cultural considerations also critically informed indigenous peoples’ procurement, consumption, and discard practices. Drawing on the later prehistoric and early historic archaeological record of the island of Newfoundland, in northeastern Canada, this paper explores how the procurement, consumption, and handling of subarctic foods conveyed identity, reflected historical conditions and social relations, factored into ritual and ceremonial practice, and embodied worldviews.
Anotasi Putusan Perkara Tata Usaha Negara antara Kuat, cs. melawan Pemerintah DK I Jakarta tentang Pembatalan Izin Pelaksanaan Reklamasi Pulau G (No. 193/G/LH/2015/PTUN-JKT)

Selasa, 31 Mei 2016 merupakan hari yang menandai kemenangan Nelayan Muara Angke terhadap gugatan yang mereka lakukan terhadap Izin Pelaksanaan Reklamasi Pulau G di Teluk Jakarta. Lima orang nelayan bersama dua organisasi lingkungan hidup, Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia (Walhi) dan Koalisi Rakyat untuk Keadilan Perikanan (KIARA) mengajukan gugatan terhadap SK Gubernur DKI Jakarta No. 2238 Tahun 2014 di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (TUN) Jakarta. Pasca tujuh bulan berselang, ketua majelis hakim, Adhi Budhi Sulistyo yang merupakan hakim lingkungan, mengabulkan gugatan nelayan dan menyatakan batal atau tidak sah SK yang dikeluarkan gubernur tersebut.
Association of diastolic blood pressure with survival during paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Abstract Aim To examine the relationship between survival and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) throughout resuscitation from paediatric asphyxial cardiac arrest. Methods Retrospective, secondary analysis of 200 swine resuscitations. Swine underwent asphyxial cardiac arrest and were resuscitated with predefined periods of basic and advanced life support (BLS and ALS, respectively). DBP was recorded every 30 s. Survival was defined as 20-min sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results During BLS, DBP peaked between 1–3 min and was greater in survivors (20.0 [11.3, 33.3] mmHg) than in non-survivors (5.0 [1.0, 10.0] mmHg; p Conclusions Survival after asphyxial cardiac arrest is associated with a higher DBP throughout resuscitation, but the difference between survivors and non-survivors was reduced after prolonged BLS. During ALS, response to adrenaline administration correlates with survival and time to ROSC. If confirmed clinically, these findings may be useful for titrating adrenaline during resuscitation and prognosticating likelihood of ROSC. Institutional Protocol Numbers: SW14M223 and SW17M101
Instructor Impacts on Outdoor Education Participant Outcomes: A Systematic Review

This systematic review assesses the state of the literature regarding the impacts of outdoor education instructors’ behaviors and traits on participant outcomes. Twenty-seven articles are reviewed in detail, and student outcomes in relation to instructor behaviors and traits and to programmatic elements are identified. A range of participant outcomes including social and emotional skills development, group cohesion, and identity development are discussed. Twelve distinct outdoor education instructor behaviors are identified, and the five most salient are discussed. Instructor traits such as interpersonal qualities are emphasized. Programmatic elements employed by instructors that impact participant outcomes include (1) incorporating elements of experiential learning, (2) debriefing and feedback, and (3) participant reflection. Suggestions for future research are provided including conducting quasi-experimental studies that segment groups based on instructor behaviors, traits, and leadership theories; work that identifies participant and instructor demographics; and scholarship using diverse methodological approaches.Subscribe to JOREL
Neuroreceptor Localization and Quantification by Emission Computed Tomography

Publisher Summary Drug treatment may often directly alter neurotransmitter or neuroreceptor content and, therefore, may be a confounding variable in the disease mechanisms. It is not possible to study the natural history of chemical abnormalities using in vitro autoradiography, as the brain may be analyzed at only a single time point. Artifacts may be introduced as a result of brain processing for in vitro studies through the alteration of local ionic concentrations, coupling of receptors to effectors, and postmortem delay. There are a few hundred neuroreceptors and neurotransmitters that have been identified by in vitro methods, yet only a relatively small fraction of these can be imaged noninvasively. The requirements for ligands to be used in vivo are much more stringent in vitro because of the lack of control over conditions in vivo, for example, inability to wash off non specific binding and inability to manipulate ionic concentrations. There are many requirements for in vivo receptor ligands and include the ease of rapid labeling with short lived positron emitting isotopes, very high affinity, slow dissocation rate, ability to readily pass the blood–brain barrier, lack of extensive metabolism in vivo, low or negligible levels of metabolites in brain, and rapid clearance of nonspecifically bound ligand.
Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles as a tool to investigate community structure of two agricultural soils

Soil microbiological parameters may be the earliest predictors of soil quality changes. Recently, molecular techniques such as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles have been used to characterize soil microbial communities. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) from whole soil may be derived from live cells, dead cells, humic materials, as well as plant and root exudates. Our objective was to verify differences in FAME profiles from two agricultural soils with different plants. Soil samples were collected from Ritzville and Palouse silt loams for fatty acid analysis. Soil samples from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), jointed goatgrass ( Aegilops cylindrica L.) and downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) rhizospheres were also collected for fatty acid analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the two soils explained 42% of the variance on PC1, which accounted for Palouse soil. Ritzville soil accounted for 19% of the variance on PC2. Factor analysis showed that rhizosphere microbial communities from various plant species may differ depending on the plant species. Presence of Gram-positive bacteria as identified by a15:0, i15:0, a17:0 and i17:0 peaks were similar between rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils. Gram-negative bacteria characterized by short chain hydroxy acids (10:03OH and 12:03OH) as well as cyclopropane acids (cy17:0) were higher in rhizosphere soil than nonrhizosphere. This indicates a possible shift in the bacterial community to more Gram-negative bacteria and fewer Gram-positive bacteria in the rhizospheres of the plants species studied.
Revisiting Restrictions of Rights after COVID-19.

The Siracusa Principles have had a good run over the past 35 years. The public health provisions of the principles, which contain criteria for limiting civil and political rights to advance various public purposes, have offered governments standards for acceptable restrictions on rights to reduce the spread of infectious disease. They require that restrictions be based on a legitimate aim, law, and necessity;evidence-based;the least-restrictive choice;non-discriminatory;and arrived at through a participatory and transparent process. In particular, restrictions must not disproportionately harm marginalized or vulnerable populations or discriminate against them. The standards have proven durable as a human rights approach to controlling outbreaks and sensible from a public health standpoint. Despite differing traditions and approaches, moreover, there has been convergence between Siracusa and approaches to restrictions on rights emerging from the field of bioethics.2 Standards of necessity, relevance, proportionality, equitable applications and least restrictive approach, along with procedural fairness, have dominated ethics approaches to restrictions on rights in pandemics.
Acquisition, Generalization, and Contextual Control of Taxonomic and Thematic Relational Responding

In three experiments, college students performed either 2- or 3- comparison conditional discriminations (arbitrary matching to sample) that utilized 64 different configurations composed of drawings. Within each configuration, one comparison related to the sample taxonomically, one related thematically, and, where there was a third comparison, it did not relate to the sample. In training phases, subjects received positive verbal feedback for selections of either the taxonomic or thematic comparisons. Between training phases, subjects responded to novel configurations similar to those of training phases on which they received no feedback for their selections. For some subjects, one cycle through all the phases ended the experiment (Experiment 1); for others, in a second cycle, verbal feedback was reversed to follow selections based on the other relation and all phases were repeated (Experiment 2); and for 1 subject, contextual stimuli indicated which relation would lead to positive verbal feedback for each selection (Experiment 3). On test phases, the selections of all subjects became increasingly consistent with verbal feedback during training while the contextual stimuli reliably enabled the appropriate relations. These results suggest that human subjects respond relationally on this task, and that such relational responding can be contextually controlled.
OCT imaging of cerebral blood flow and hemodynamics in fully awake mouse

This paper describes method and procedures to perform functional OCTA imaging of cerebral blood flow and hemodynamic in fully awake, behaving mice.
Differential risks: How disability shapes risk in the transition to adulthood for youth who age out of foster care

Abstract Objective This study examines how disability is associated with risk during the transition to adulthood for youth who age out of foster care and considers how experiences in the child welfare system contribute to these associations. Background The transition to adulthood is important for later socioeconomic standing, health, and wellbeing. Youth who age out of foster care with disabilities may require a high level of support during this transition yet may lack support. Method This study employs linear probability models to estimate the association between disability and incarceration, homelessness, childbearing, and substance abuse between ages 17 and 21 using linked administrative data from the National Data Archive on Child Abuse and Neglect (N = 5,221). Results Having a physical or sensory disability is associated with lower risk in the transition to adulthood. Alternatively, having an emotional or mental related disability is associated with increased risk of incarceration and homelessness, but the association with homelessness is accounted for by child welfare experiences. Conclusion Due to the importance of foster care and child protective histories in explaining some risky outcomes for youth with emotional and mental disabilities, policy makers and practitioners should include those early stages of care when seeking it improve outcomes in the transition to adulthood for youth with disabilities who age out of foster care.
Superconducting Wire of High Tc Oxide by Diffusion Process

The diffusion process between Y2BaCuO5 and Ba-Cu oxide has been investigated for fabricating a YBa2Cu3O7-y wire. At above 926°C, the solid-liquid reaction at the boundary between Y2BaCuO5 and Ba-Cu oxide has been observed because of decomposion of Ba-Cu oxide. By X-ray diffraction analysis, it was revealed that Ba-Cu oxide was consisted of BaCuO2 and CuO2 at the room temperature. The obtained maximum critical current density of a wire was 730A/cm2 which was not so high comparing with the value of the basic bulk specimen of 1,900A/cm . The heat--treating conditions and the microscopic diffused texture will be investigated in detail to improve the critical current density.
Portable video media for presenting informed consent and wound care instructions for skin biopsies: a randomized controlled trial.

Summary Background In fast-paced dermatology clinics, the process of obtaining informed consents for biopsies and providing postprocedure instructions may be incomplete and inconsistent. Objectives To compare effectiveness of video-based education with that of verbal education for giving informed consent and providing postprocedure wound care instructions in patients undergoing skin biopsies. Methods In this randomized controlled trial, participants were randomized to receive either video education on portable video devices or conventional verbal instructions regarding skin biopsies. Participants completed a skin-biopsy knowledge assessment, patient satisfaction assessment and evaluation of educational medium. Main outcome measures were differences in the changes in the prestudy and poststudy knowledge assessment scores, patient satisfaction and evaluation of the educational medium. Results Eight-four patients undergoing skin biopsies at the University of California Davis dermatology clinic participated in the study. Participants in the control group had a nonstatistically significant increase in knowledge score (mean ± SD 1·12 ± 1·74), whereas those in the video group had a statistically significant increase in knowledge score (mean ± SD 1·55 ± 1·71). The difference in knowledge scores between the video and verbal groups was not statistically significant. Participants in both groups were highly satisfied with the biopsy education. On a 10-point scale, the mean ± SD usefulness and appeal of the videos were 9·01 ± 1·5 and 9·01 ± 1·66, respectively. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge score following video education, but not following oral education. Although between-group comparisons did not achieve statistical significance, portable video media for presenting informed consent and wound care instructions for skin biopsies appear to be more effective and result in higher satisfaction than traditional oral education.
Deep L'- and M-band Imaging for Planets around Vega and Eridani

We have obtained deep adaptive optics (AO) images of Vega and Eri to search for planetary mass companions. We observed at the MMT in the L' (3.8 μm) and M (4.8 μm) bands using Clio, a recently commissioned imager optimized for these wavelengths. Observing at these long wavelengths represents a departure from the H band (1.65 μm) more commonly used for AO imaging searches for extrasolar planets. The long wavelengths offer better predicted planet/star flux ratios and cleaner (higher Strehl) AO images at the cost of lower diffraction-limited resolution and higher sky background. We have not detected any planets or planet candidates around Vega or Eri. We report the sensitivities obtained around both stars, which correspond to upper limits on any planetary companions which may exist. The sensitivities of our L'- and M-band observations are comparable to those of the best H-regime observations of these stars. For Eri, our M-band observations deliver considerably better sensitivity to close-in planets than any previously published results, and we show that the M band is by far the best wavelength choice for attempts at ground-based AO imaging of the known planet Eri b. The Clio camera itself, with MMTAO, may be capable of detecting Eri b at its 2010 apastron, given a multinight observing campaign. Clio appears to be the only currently existing AO imager that has a realistic possibility of detecting Eri b.
Studies of meiosis in vitro: II. Effect of inhibiting DNA synthesis during meiotic prophase on chromosome structure and behavior

Abstract Inhibitors of DNA synthesis interfere with the meiotic cycle if administered to cells during zygonema and/or pachynema. The cytological effects correlate with the chemical evidence for a synthesis of DNA during that same interval. The main effects of inhibiting DNA synthesis are either zygonema arrest or fragmentation of chromosomes. The type of abnormality depends upon the time at which inhibition is effected. Zygonema arrest occurs only if DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of its initiation which is coincident with the initiation of pairing. Fragmentation of prophase chromosomes occurs only if DNA synthesis is inhibited during mid-zygonema. Inhibition of DNA synthesis during late zygonema or early pachynema does not interfere with the first meiotic division but results in chromosome fragmentation during the second division. The relevance of these observations to chromosome structure is discussed.
Abstract P124: Ideal Cardiovascular Health During Adult Life and Cardiovascular Structure and Function among the Elderly

Introduction: The AHA has identified seven ideal cardiovascular (CV) health metrics to target primary prevention of CV disease, including heart failure. The relationship between the consistent attainment of these metrics in adulthood and CV structure and function in late-life is not well described. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the greater number of ideal CV health metrics consistently achieved in adulthood will be associated with better cardiac and arterial function when elderly. Methods: The following six ideal CV health metrics were assessed in Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants at 5 exam visits between 1987 and 2013 (visits 1-4 in 1987-98, visit 5 in 2011-13): nonsmoking, body mass index Results: At Visit 5, median age was 75.2 years (IQR 71.7, 79.7), 42% were male, and 21% black. At least 4 metrics were consistently attained in 6%, with 3, 2, 1, and 0 metrics consistently attained in 14%, 35%, 35%, and 12% respectively. Greater number of metrics consistently attained was associated with better LV structure, systolic and diastolic function, less arterial stiffness, and lower NT-proBNP and high sensitivity troponin T at Visit 5 (Table). Conclusions: In this community-based cohort, greater number of ideal CV health metrics consistently attained over an approximately 26 year span was associated with better cardiovascular structure and function when elderly.
Cardiac transplantation in man: Review of first three years' experience

Abstract A one year follow-up of the first 29 patients who underwent cardiac transplantation at Stanford University Medical Center from January 1968 to January 1971 is reported. Actuarial survival is 49 per cent at six months, 37 per cent at 12 and 18 months, and 30 per cent at two years. Recipient selection is important for the best long-term results; the ideal candidate is a relatively young patient with recent severe cardiac disability which has been unresponsive to optimal medical and surgical therapy. In our series, three patients died within 72 hours after transplantation secondary to severe fixed pulmonary hypertension. Nine additional patients died in the hospital; in seven of these death was related to unremitting rejection or infection. Thirteen patients were discharged from the hospital, with a 60 per cent actuarial chance of living two years. Evaluation has documented "normal denervated" cardiac function in eight patients one year, and in one of two patients two years after transplantation. Chronic rejection appears to be manifested by cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery intimal hyperplasia, atherosclerosis and subsequent myocardial infarction. Improved diagnosis and treatment of acute rejection has resulted in yearly improvement in the short-term survival. These patients return to normal activities after hospital discharge and are not limited by their cardiac function. Their long-term survival appears to be limited by coronary arterial changes related to chronic rejection.
The Computerized Braille Tutor: A Computer-Based Braille Learning Program:

The Computerized Braille Tutor is an interactive software tutorial, accompanied by a manual, that sighted persons can use to learn the literary braille code or to refresh their braille skills, eith...
34.4: Invited Paper: Combinatorial Design of OLED‐Emitting Materials

We report the first results from a combinatorial design effort focused on new OLED emitters that exploit thermally-activated delayed fluorescence. Using quantum chemistry and machine learning techniques to prune a pool of over 400,000 combinations of donor and acceptor subgroups, we demonstrate new dyes that are state-of-the-art, yet entirely computationally-derived.
Three-dimensional MHD simulation of an emerging flux tube in the sun

Abstract We have done 3-dimensional MHD simulations of a magnetic flux tube emerging through the solar atmosphere and studied not only the dynamics but also the geometric structure of emerging magnetic field. A flux tube twisted in the left-handed sense (Gold-Hoyle flux tube) is initially placed below the photosphere, and thereafter starts to rise with an upward motion induced to the middle part of the flux tube. When the outer edge of the flux tube crosses the photosphere, it is found that emerging field lines are almost perpendicular to the neutral line and the gas flow induced by the emergence diverges from the emerging region. As emergence proceeds, the direction of emerging field lines rotates to align with the neutral line and the flow direction changes from a diverging pattern (perpendicular to the neutral line) into a shearing pattern (parallel to the neutral line). As for the dynamical behavior of emerging field lines, it is found that there are two kinds of evolutionary phases: an expansion phase and a gradual phase. Outer field lines of the flux tube, which emerge earlier than inner field lines, simply expand when they enter the solar atmosphere. On the other hand, inner field lines show a gradual phase in which the field lines rise slowly with a waving motion. We have also investigated the structure of emerging field lines. Simulations show that outer field lines form an arcade over the neutral line that resembles a potential field. On the other hand, those inner field lines that are initially located just beneath the tube axis show an inverse-S structure. Observationally this structure is known as a sigmoid, an assembly of bright soft X-ray coronal loops, with an S or an inverse-S shape. By showing how current density is distributed around the footpoints of individual field lines, we provide a possible explanation for why a certain group of emerging field lines are illuminated to form a sigmoid.
Long-Term Outcome of the Treatment of Zenker's Diverticulum.

Background Treatment of Zenker's diverticulum can be accomplished by use of a transcervical myotomy (TCM) with diverticulopexy/diverticulectomy or by the transoral endoscopic stapling (TOS) approach. Our aim was to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of these two techniques. Methods A retrospective review was performed to identify all patients who had received either treatment for Zenker's diverticulum from July 1998 to August 2013. Telephone interviews were attempted of all surviving patients to assess long-term outcome. Results There were 77 patients, with a median age of 71 years (range, 37 to 97 years). All patients had dysphagia, and 33 (43%) had regurgitation. TCM was performed in 68 patients, and TOS was done in nine. The median size of the diverticulum was 2.5 cm in the TCM group and 4 cm in the TOS group ( p = 0.13). The operation was primary in 66 patients (86%) and a reoperation in 11 patients. The median hospital stay was 1 day for TOS and 3 for TCM ( p = 0.0005). The median time to oral intake for both groups was 1 day. There were three adverse events in the TCM group and none in the TOS group. Early outcome was assessed in all 77 patients at a median of 4 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1 to 13.5 months). Symptomatic improvement occurred in all patients, with 55 patients (71%) reporting complete resolution. Long-term symptoms were assessed at a median of 54 months (IQR, 34 to 77 months) in 38 of 59 (64%) surviving patients. Conclusions Cricopharyngeal myotomy with diverticulopexy/diverticulectomy and TOS are both safe and effective treatments for Zenker's diverticulum. All patients reported improvement in symptoms, with complete resolution in the majority of patients.
CONSTRUÇÃO DO ESPAÇO DIGITAL VIRTUAL EM TRÊS DIMENSÕES DO UNILASALLE NO METAVERSO SECOND LIFE

Este trabalho se insere no contexto da cibercultura e tem como objetivo a construcao do novo Espaco Digital Virtual em Tres Dimensoes (EDV3D) do Centro Universitario La Salle/Unilasalle, no metaverso Second Life (SL), a fim de garantir um espaco que represente a identidade da instituicao e explore as potencialidades didatico-pedagogicas dos Mundos Digitais Virtuais em Tres Dimensoes (MDV3D). Para tal, elaborou-se os planejamentos Urbano-Arquitetonico e Tecnico-Didatico-Pedagogico, alem de uma avaliacao qualitativa realizada atraves de questionarios e desafios. Constatou-se que o uso de caracteristicas do proprio ambiente proporcionou a construcao de um espaco aberto, facilitando a locomocao dos avatares, contemplando a finalidade educacional da instituicao, ampliando as possibilidades de interacao.
Myocardial T1 mapping: modalities and clinical applications

Myocardial fibrosis appears to be linked to myocardial dysfunction in a multitude of non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. Accurate non-invasive quantitation of this extra-cellular matrix has the potential for widespread clinical benefit in both diagnosis and guiding therapeutic intervention. T1 mapping is a cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging technique, which shows early clinical promise particularly in the setting of diffuse fibrosis. This review will outline the evolution of T1 mapping and the various techniques available with their inherent advantages and limitations. Histological validation of this technique remains somewhat limited, however clinical application in a range of pathologies suggests strong potential for future development.
The teaching of VHDL in computer architecture

There are problems in incorporating VHDL into the undergraduate curriculum's beginning computer architecture courses. The problems relate mainly to cost arising from two factors: VHDL tool availability and proper lecture material to coincide with the course objective(s). At the Georgia Institute of Technology, pilot VHDL lecture materials have been developed to address these two issues.
Zero-field spin splitting in a two-dimensional electron gas.

The spin splitting in zero magnetic field which was recently reported in ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/${\mathrm{In}}_{0.52}$${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.48}$As heterostructures is analyzed with use of the inversion-asymmetry, or ${\mathit{k}}^{3}$, term and the interface spin orbit or Rashba term. Comparison with experimental data shows that Rashba term is the dominant spin-splitting mechanism in these samples. Zero-field spin splittings of 2.5--2.75 meV are deduced from the perpendicular-field data. Analysis of tilted-magnetic-field data gives g factors that lie between -2 and -3.
BPS geometries and AdS bubbles

Abstract Recently, 1 2 -BPS AdS bubble solutions have been obtained by Lin, Lunin and Maldacena, which correspond to Fermi droplets in phase space in the dual CFT picture. They can be thought of as generalisations of 1 2 -BPS AdS black hole solutions in five- or seven dimensional gauged supergravity. In this Letter, we extend these solutions by invoking additional gauge fields and scalar fields in the supergravity Lagrangians, thereby obtaining AdS bubble generalisations of the previously-known multi-charge AdS black solutions of gauged supergravity. We also obtain analogous AdS bubble solutions in four-dimensional gauged supergravity. Our solutions generically preserve supersymmetry fractions 1 4 , 1 8 and 1 8 in seven, five and four dimensions, respectively. They can be lifted to M-theory or type IIB string theory, using previously known formulae for the consistent Pauli sphere reductions that yield the gauged supergravities. We also find similar solutions in six-dimensional gauged supergravity, and discuss their lift to the massive type IIA theory.
Melting points and enthalpies of fusion of anthracene and its heteroatomic counterparts

Anthracene is a common byproduct of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and other anthropogenic sources. Its heteroatomic counterparts, including 9-bromoanthracene, 1,5-dibromoanthracene, 9,10-dibromoanthracene, 2-chloroanthracene, 9,10-dichloroanthracene, 9-anthraldehyde, 2-anthracenecarboxylic acid, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, and anthraquinone, are formed through various mechanistic pathways during the combustion process. We use a differential scanning calorimeter to measure the melting points and enthalpies of fusion of these compounds. As expected, we find no correlation between molecular mass and melting point and enthalpy of fusion—rather the type, number and position of the heteroatoms substituted on the parent molecule all influence its fusion thermodynamics. A wide range of melting points is noted for the same substituents(s) at different carbon positions. This suggests that intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonding and steric repulsion, are significantly impacted by the position of the substituents on the linear anthracene parent molecular. In addition, different substituents at the same position further suggest that the electronegativity/polarity of a given atom strongly influences the observed fusion behavior.