cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer simulation of the competition between protein folding and aggregation

In an attempt to gain insights that might eventually lead to the development of new ways to avoid or minimize losses due to protein aggregation, we have performed dynamic Monte Carlo simulations on very simple lattice models of systems containing both isolated and multiple protein chains. Protein folding pathways, intermediate populations, refolding yields and aggregation were monitored as a function of both denaturant and protein concentrations. We find that there exists optimum levels of denaturant and protein concentration at which the refolding yield is highest, in agreement with some experimental observations.
Surgery for Skeletal Sarcomas

Skeletal neoplasms in pet animals are uncommon, but can represent a diagnostic and treatment challenge for the veterinary clinician. Osteosarcoma represents the most common histology of primary bone tumor and although the prognosis after treatment is still gaurded, major strides have been made in the treatment of this disease. Treatment success, however, requires a multidisciplinary approach. Additional histologic types cannot be ignored from the diagnosis of cases presenting as bone neoplasms, and many of these can have excellent long-term prognoses if treated appropriately. This article discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of skeletal neoplasms in general with a specific emphasis on osteosarcoma.
Porphodimethenes/porphyrins: redox-switchable tetrapyrrolic macrocycles

Utilizing a general two-step procedure, a new class of porphodimethene macrocycles has been prepared, which can be easily converted to porphyrins bearing two 8-functionalized naphthalene spacers. Through straightforward modifications in the precursor molecules, macrocycles with a wide range of steric and electronic attributes can be isolated. With these simple ligands, metal-porphyrin complexes exhibiting interesting properties can be produced. For example, when two reactive groups are poised above the porphyrin, a reversible ring closure can take place under mild conditions, allowing for potential recognition sites close to a metal center to be electrochemically and chemically activated and deactivated. This intramolecular porphodimethene-porphyrin interconversion offers many exciting possibilities for the development of catalysis adept at specific transformations and for the design of novel sensors or photosensitizers.
The composition and concentration of hydrocarbons in the range of C2 to C18 in downtown Los Angeles, CA

Ambient air samples were collected in the downtown Los Angeles (California) area and analyzed for non-methane hydrocarbons in the range of C2 to C18. Two daily samples were collected, using stainless steel canisters and Tenax-TA solid adsorbent cartridges, over four days in August 1991. The samples were analyzed using high resolution gas chromatographic separation and Fourier transform infrared/mass spectrometric detection (GC/IRD/MSD) or flame ionization detection (FID) of individual hydrocarbons. The comparison of hydrocarbon concentrations found in the Tenax and canister samples and the assessment of the contribution of semivolatile hydrocarbons (C10–C18 range) to the sum of non-methane hydrocarbons (C2–C10 or C2–C12), as measured by the canister method, is presented. This contribution ranges from ~7% to 15% (for C10–C18 range) and ~3% to 8% (for C12–C18 range). The semivolatile hydrocarbons also contribute ~16% to the total ozone forming potential of non-methane hydrocarbons.
Two chondrule groups each with distinctive rims in Murchison recognized by cathodoluminescence

Two groups of chondrules in the Murchison CM chondrite, which have previously been identified on the basis of FeO in the chondrule grains, are readily identified from cathodoluminescence (CL) and belong to those of the ordinary chondrite group A and B chondrules of Sears et al. (1992a). All chondrules are surrounded by fine-grained rims containing forsterite with bright red CL, but on group A chondrules an outer thin rim grades into a much thicker rim, with a lower density of forsterite grains, which in turn grades into the central chondrule. Group B chondrules have only the thin outer rim with a high density of small forsterite grains. This is the first time an unequivocal correlation has been observed between chondrule rim thickness and the composition of the object on which the rim is located. We suggest that while all objects in the meteorite (group B chondrules, refractory inclusions, mineral and chondrule fragments, clasts) acquired a very thin rim during processing in a wet regolith, the thick rims on group A chondrules were formed by aqueous alteration of precursor metal- and sulfide-rich rims which are a characteristic of group A chondrules in ordinary chondrites.
Laminar convection with an absorbing and emitting gas

The heat transfer and fluid flow are determined for fully developed laminar flow in a vertical channel. The effects of natural and forced convection and thermal radiation are included in the analysis. The spectral variation of the radiation properties are included through the use of the total band absorptance. The analysis is general and specific numerical results have been obtained for the 15 micron band of carbon dioxide. A simplified approach for large path is also presented which is in excellent agreement with the more exact results.
Drugs for airway disease

Abstract Two types of drug are used in the treatment of airway disease. •Relievers (bronchodilators) give immediate reversal of airway obstruction, largely by relaxing airway smooth muscle. •Controllers (preventers) suppress the underlying disease process and provide long-term control of symptoms. These drugs include anti-inflammatory treatments (Figure 1). Both asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are characterized by airway narrowing secondary to a chronic inflammatory process. In asthma, eosinophilic inflammation occurs throughout the respiratory tract. In COPD, there is neutrophilic inflammation in the peripheral airways (chronic obstructive bronchiolitis) and proteolytic destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema), resulting in loss of support for the airways and early closure on expiration. Bronchodilators cause immediate reversal of airway obstruction through an effect on airway smooth muscle. Other pharmacological effects on airway cells (reduced microvascular leakage, reduced release of bronchoconstrictor mediators from inflammatory cells) may contribute to the reduction in airway narrowing.
Clinical and Radiologic Manifestations of Sickle Cell Disease in the Head and Neck

Sickle cell disease is a common inherited blood disorder that is characterized by the presence of sickle-shaped red blood cells. The clinical manifestations of sickle cell disease vary, but they may be attributed to three mechanisms: vaso-occlusion, chronic hemolytic anemia, and infection. The imaging appearances of central nervous system and musculoskeletal involvement by sickle cell disease have been well documented; however, involvement in the head and neck often is underappreciated, although it is not uncommon. In the head and neck, sickle cell disease can involve the inner ears, orbits, paranasal sinuses, bones, lymph nodes, and vessels. Manifestations of inner ear involvement include labyrinthine hemorrhage and labyrinthitis ossificans. In the orbits, they include lacrimal gland swelling, orbital wall infarction, and subperiosteal hemorrhage or fluid. In the paranasal sinuses, extramedullary hematopoiesis is seen. When bone is involved, infarction, osteomyelitis, bone marrow hyperplasia, and deposition of iron in bone marrow are seen in the maxillofacial bone and skull base. When lymph nodes are involved, lymphadenopathy is seen, and when blood vessels are involved, arterial stenosis and ectasia are seen. An understanding of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease and knowledge of the various clinical and radiologic manifestations are crucial for prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Modification of regeneration in Dugesia tigrina by actinomycin D.

Differences in regeneration of isolated postpharyngeal body sections were observed in two laboratory groups of Dugesia tigrina. One group regenerated 14.8% of bipharyngeal specimens, which in some cases, also showed abnormal polarity. The other group regenerated only 1.19% of bipharyngeal forms under similar conditions, with no indications of seriously deviant polarity. In the first strain, the application of actinomycin D at early stages of regeneration of the body sections increased greatly the incidence of multipharyngeal regenerates (with 2–5 pharynges); it also slightly enhanced the occurrence of abnormal polarity in the reconstituted worms. In the second strain, the increase in percentage of bipharyngeal forms regenerated from similar body fragments was insignificant (up to 5%). It was without effect on either strain if introduced to the regenerating sections at later stages of regeneraton. A test for incorporation of 32P into RNA showed that actinomycin, as used in the present study, suppressed over 90% of synthesis of total RNA in the regenerating body fragments. From these findings a hypothetical model is developed to explain reorganization in the isolated postpharyngeal section as a sequence of certain local inductions and inhibitions of differentiation. The significance of synthesis of RNA in relation to these developmental events is discussed.
Effect of natural organic coatings on the polymer-induced coagulation of colloidal particles

Abstract In this research, we investigate the effect of natural organic coatings of humic acid on the flocculation of well-characterized amidine polystyrene latex microspheres by a polymeric flocculent (polyvinyl alcohol, or ‘PVA’). Our results demonstrate that in the absence of humic acid, PVA effectively coagulates the particles as a result of polymer bridging interactions. When the particle surface is saturated with humic acid, however, the latex particles are stable at all dosages of PVA tested, presumably as a result of repulsive electrostatic interactions between primary particles and a decrease in the number of active sites available for bridging. At low humic acid surface coverage, on the other hand, an increase in PVA-induced coagulation is observed compared with when PVA is the sole polymer in the system. Here, both polymer bridging and electrostatic interactions appear to play a role in controlling the coagulation rate of these particles. Our results suggest that the predominance of polymer bridging in natural systems may depend on the preferential displacement of low molecular humic and fulvic acids and/or favorable interactions between large macromolecules and particle surfaces coated with humic materials.
Chaos Theory as a Model for Managing Issues and Crises.

Abstract This article uses chaos theory to model public relations situations whose salient feature is the volatility of public perceptions. After discussing the central premises of the theory itself, it applies chaos theory to issues management, the evolution of interest groups, crises, and rumors. It concludes that chaos theory is most useful as an analogy to structure persistent image problems and to raise questions about organizational control of public perceptions. Because it emphasizes uncertainty, open-endedness, plurality, and change, chaos theory sets limits on the purposeful management of volatile issues.
Familial Alzheimer's mutation: mRNA secondary structure revisited

It has been suggested that the mutation at position 717 of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), found in several cases of familial Alzheimer's disease, affects the secondary structure of the corresponding messenger RNA and the rate of its translation (10). Phylogenetic analysis based on comparison with other mammalian APP sequences does not support this possibility.
Management of orbital tumors

Orbital tumors are uncommon. In children, both malignant and benign causes of orbital proptosis necessitate urgent assessment; in many cases, emergent intervention is necessary to avoid blindness. In adults, proptosis is most commonly associated with thyroid orbitopathy. Orbital tumors in adults rarely are characterized by the explosive growth and damage that can occur with childhood lesions. In both age-groups, the evolution of better scanning modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging with fat saturation and gadolinium enhancement, has improved diagnostic accuracy, especially in patients with loss of vision. In more than 95% of cases, noninvasive techniques yield a correct diagnosis. In patients who require nonsurgical intervention, especially if the diagnosis is uncertain, fine-needle aspiration biopsy has an accuracy that exceeds 95%. Combined-modality therapy has improved the control of and decreased the morbidity associated with several orbital tumors. Surgical advances, such as the ancillary use of the CO2 laser, have enhanced the management of some orbital tumors.
Augmentation of a Mooring System Through Dynamic Positioning

A dynamic-positioning (DP) system can be designed to stabilize and damp the motions of a vessel when moored as well as unmoored. A design process is described whereby the DP controller parameters and their functionalizations are derived from smooth stable response through the operating regime of the moored vessel. Field results from a North Sea operating drillship are compared with predicted results, and the problems that were encountered are discussed. An augmentation scheme is presented by which the DP system will automatically back up and reinforce the holding capability of the mooring system under varying weather conditions and yet remain quiescent in calm weather.
Acausality of massive gravity

We show, by analyzing its characteristics, that the ghost-free, 5 degree of freedom, Wess-Zumino massive gravity model admits superluminal shock wave solutions and thus is acausal. Ironically, this pathology arises from the very constraint that removes the (sixth) Boulware-Deser ghost mode.
Magnetic susceptibility studies of tetrathiofulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethan (TTF) (TCNQ) and related organic metals

The complete temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility is reported for pure (TTF)(TCNQ), (ATTF)(TCNQ), and (TMTTF)(TCNQ), [(tetrathiofulvalene-, cis (trans)-dimethyl tetrathiofulvalene-, and tetramethyltetrathiofulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethan)]. The nonmagnetic ground state and absence of localized-moment formation imply that electron-electron Coulomb interactions are not dominant. The results are analyzed in terms of a two-chain model with a mean-field Peierls-Fr\"ohlich transition temperature ${T}_{p}\ensuremath{\simeq}450$ K associated with one set of chains, while the second set behaves as a simple metal above 60 K. The susceptibility above 60 K is analyzed in terms of the proposal of Lee, Rice, and Anderson. The transition to a small-band-gap semiconductor at 60 K is interpreted as the onset of three-dimensional ordering. The experimental results show (TTF)(TCNQ) and its dimethyl and tetramethyl derivatives to be a family with quite similar electronic properties.
The effect of unilateral optic nerve section on retinal light damage in rats

The effect of unilateral optic nerve section on the susceptibility of rat photoreceptors to damage by constant light was studied. Optic nerves of albino rats were cut intracranially by a ventral approach, so as not to interfere with structures in the orbit of the eye, with the brain or with the blood supply to the retina. Two separate experiments were performed on unilaterally optic nerve sectioned rats from two different sources. One group was purchased from a commercial supplier and the other group was born and raised in 3 lux cyclic light in our laboratory. For 1-4 weeks after surgery they were exposed to either 1000 lux for 24 hr or 80 lux for 48 hr. Light damage was quantified by measuring the outer nuclear layer area remaining in histological sections through the vertical meridian of the retina. It was found that retinas with optic nerves cut suffered substantially less damage from light than did those with intact optic nerves. Sham operated rats suffered the same amount of damage as did the optic nerve intact retinas of rats with one nerve cut. The extent of protection was greatest in the region previously shown to be most susceptible to damage. The protection afforded by optic nerve section could not be explained on the basis of behavior or rhodopsin photochemistry. The possible role of heat-shock proteins and a neuromodulator is discussed.
Enhancement of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide by tube breathing.

Abstract In 10 healthy conscious adult subjects, ve and PAco 2 were measured over two 10-minute periods, while the subjects breathed through a plastic tube 14 mm in diameter and 1400 ml in volume. In one period, the tube was attached to a bag containing 4–6% CO 2 in air which the subject inspired; expired air left through a second tube of equal volume (CO 2 breathing). In the other period, the subject breathed room air in and out through the same tube, thus the expired air was rebreathed (tube breathing). For a given increase in P a co 2 , mean ve was greater in tube than in C0 2 breathing at each minute after the first. One interpretation of the enhancement of ventilation during tube breathing is that oscillations in P a co 2 were greater than with CO 2 breathing, and provided an added stimulus to the peripheral chemoreceptors.
Energetically Optimal Short-Range Gliding Trajectories for Gliding Animals

Maximum range in steady-state glides is achieved when the lift coefficient is chosen to maximize the lift-to-drag ratio. Whether or not this same steady-state result applies to animal gliders is examined. Because animal gliders spend relatively little time in the air and glide relatively short distances, it is expected that the transient behavior at the beginning and end of the glide will govern their performance. A time-dependent, two-dimensional computational dynamics model is used to predict glide trajectories for biologically inspired gliders. The results demonstrate that glide range is greatest when the lift coefficient does not correspond to that predicted by classical steady-state gliding theory. This indicates that the transient dynamics of short-range gliders are important in maximizing their range.
Behavioral and somatic responses to the antiandrogen cyproterone

Abstract This study was designed to clarify the effects of the antiandrogen cyproterone on the sexual behavior of male rats, and the relationship of these to effects on various genital tissues. Systemic administration of cyproterone or cyproterone acetate or intrahypothalamic implantation of the free alcohol resulted in a stimulatory effect on sexual behavior. A more marked stimulation of the penile spines was found on systemic administration. An antiandrogenic effect on the spines was clearly demonstrable, but none could be obtained insofar as the behavioral response was concerned. Since the penile spines appear to be more sensitive to androgen than sexual behavior, these results cannot be explained simply by a weak androgenicity of cyproterone with consequent antiandrogenicity. In this respect it seems that the (hypothalamic) androgen receptors for sexual behavior differ in their response to cyproterone from other androgen receptors, including the (hypothalamic) receptors for feedback regulation of gonadotropin.
Explaining the molecular structure of the bulk heterojunction with simple electronic measurements and marcus-hush theory for squaraine: PCBM organic photovoltaic devices

A unique donor material for small molecule organic solar cells is shown to be opto-electrically tunable with thermal annealing. The system is characterized and shown to make working devices (PCE=1.1 +/− 0.3%). Examination of the spectral response of the devices before and after thermal annealing show an interesting decrease in spectral response that is explained by examining both the material properties and through application of Marcus-Hush theory. The proposed explanation could lay the groundwork for a predictive model to analyze potential device candidates.
Cellular and subbasal nerve alterations in early stage Fuchs' endothelial corneal dystrophy: an in vivo confocal microscopy study.

Cellular and subbasal nerve alterations in early stage Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy: an in vivo confocal microscopy study
Clinical Issues and Concerns in the Use of Extemporaneously Compounded Medications

Extemporaneous compounding of medication dosage forms has increased dramatically in the past two decades. The rapid growth of hospice care and other specialized patient care services has increased the demand for patient-specific dosage forms that are not commercially available. The shift in philosophy to providing out-come-oriented pharmaceutical care has prompted much of this patient specific compounding. Recent federal attempts to more closely control extemporaneous compounding by pharmacists has sparked a debate over the propriety of some of the compounding practices that are now common. This paper discusses some of the controversies surrounding extemporaneous compounding practices. Some of the more commonly compounded dosage forms are discussed with an emphasis on physico-chemical, clinical and communication considerations that should be addressed when compounded prescriptions are ordered.
Continuous liquid chromatography

Abstract On the basis of preliminary investigations, automatic equipment has been developed for continuous liquid chromatography. It consists of eight column sections, and four liquid streams can be introduced and four streams can be withdrawn simultaneously. By modifying the programme-disc of the switching valve, different chromatographic techniques can be accomplished. In one mode of operation, a continuous countercurrent moving bed process can be simulated by shifting the positions of the liquid inlets and outlets along the fixed bed of adsorbents. In comparison with the fixed bed system, continuous separation, higher capacity and a much lower solvent circulation can be achieved in the simulated moving bed technique. In addition, by changing the programme-disc. different elution techniques, flow programming and stepwise elution can be carried out and the semi-continuous separation of multicomponent mixtures can be achieved.
The place of the enthymeme in rhetorical theory

(1936). The place of the enthymeme in rhetorical theory. Speech Monographs: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 49-74.
Future Directions in the Care of the Full‐Term Newborn

: Babies’abilities to achieve mutual gaze with their caregivers, to find the breast and nurse successfully, and to be comforted, are powerful releasers of parental warmth and attachment. Any complication in the newborn period which alters babies’opportunity to achieve reciprocity places the parent-infant system at risk. Our knowledge of the psychosocial consequences of newborn care practices is as vital as knowledge of purely biological and physical sciences. We must reshape our care of newborns in light of what we know now about the opportunities and vulnerabilities inherent in the first days of the infant's life.
Measurement of Economic Values in Sport Fishing: An Economist's Views on Validity, Usefulness, and Propriety

Abstract Despite the contention of the economist that recreational values can be measured, the biologist and the administrator are less than entirely convinced. The economist must bear some of the blame for not communicating exactly what he feels he can and cannot measure, for not specifying what is meant by “value,” and for not indicating to whom these values accrue. It is suggested that current methods for measuring recreational values to participants have a promising degree of scientific validity in that empirical data have generally been consistent with theoretical models. Due to various theoretical and practical problems, however, the policy significance of these models is less clear.
Switching between type-2 fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets: an application in medical diagnosis

When dealing with vagueness, there are situations when there is insufficient information available, making it impossible to satisfactorily evaluate membership. The intuitionistic fuzzy set theory is more suitable than fuzzy sets to deal with such problem. In 1996, Atanassov proposed the mapping from intuitionistic fuzzy sets to fuzzy sets. Furthermore, intuitionistic fuzzy sets are isomorphic to interval valued fuzzy sets, and interval valued fuzzy sets are regarded as the special cases of type-2 fuzzy sets in recently studies. However, their discussions are not only hardly comprehending but also lacking the reliable applications. In this study, the advantage of type-2 fuzzy sets is employed, and the switching relation between type-2 fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets is defined axiomatically. The switching results are applied to show the usefulness of the proposed method in pattern recognition and medical diagnosis reasoning.
Spectrally and Spatially Resolved Radiance Measurement in High-Speed Shock Waves for Planetary Entry

Three-dimensional images of absolute radiance as a function of position and wavelength are obtained for shock-heated plasmas traveling in a shock tube at velocities near Mach 30. Vacuum optics coupled to a shock tube are used to image the shock onto four separate spectrometers, which, in turn, disperse the radiation in wavelength onto intensified CCD arrays covering selected spectral ranges from the vacuum ultraviolet (>;120 nm) through midwave infrared (<;5000 nm). Quantitative radiometry performed in this fashion is used to benchmark radiative heating codes used in sizing spacecraft thermal protection systems.
GeneChip Resequencing of the Smallpox Virus Genome Can Identify Novel Strains: a Biodefense Application

We developed a set of seven resequencing GeneChips, based on the complete genome sequences of 24 strains of smallpox virus (variola virus), for rapid characterization of this human-pathogenic virus. Each GeneChip was designed to analyze a divergent segment of approximately 30,000 bases of the smallpox virus genome. This study includes the hybridization results of 14 smallpox virus strains. Of the 14 smallpox virus strains hybridized, only 7 had sequence information included in the design of the smallpox virus resequencing GeneChips; similar information for the remaining strains was not tiled as a reference in these GeneChips. By use of variola virus-specific primers and long-range PCR, 22 overlapping amplicons were amplified to cover nearly the complete genome and hybridized with the smallpox virus resequencing GeneChip set. These GeneChips were successful in generating nucleotide sequences for all 14 of the smallpox virus strains hybridized. Analysis of the data indicated that the GeneChip resequencing by hybridization was fast and reproducible and that the smallpox virus resequencing GeneChips could differentiate the 14 smallpox virus strains characterized. This study also suggests that high-density resequencing GeneChips have potential biodefense applications and may be used as an alternate tool for rapid identification of smallpox virus in the future.
Multi-platform Auto-vectorization

The recent proliferation of the single instruction multiple data (SIMD) model has lead to a wide variety of implementations. These have been incorporated into many platforms, from gaming machines and DSPs to general purpose architectures. In this paper, we present an automatic vectorizer as implemented in GCC, the most multi-targetable compiler available today. We discuss the considerations involved in developing a multi-platform vectorization technology, and demonstrate how our vectorization scheme is suited to a variety of SIMD architectures. Experiments on four different SIMD platforms demonstrate that our automatic vectorization scheme is able to efficiently support individual platforms, achieving significant speedups on key kernels.
Plantae Colombianae, IX: Nova species senefelderae.--De natura ecologica montium arenariosaxosorum insulatorum Vaupesense regionis brevis conspectus.

In March, 1943, Mr. Jules de Wael Mayer, Special Representative of the Rubber Development Corporation in Bogota, sent me (1) into the upper Apaporis River Basin to initiate explorations of this part of eastern Colombia. The chief purpose of the explorations was a study of Hevea and other commercially valuable lactiferous plants and possibilities of their exploitation. In connection with this work, it was possible to make a cursory examination of the vegetation in general and limited collections of the more interesting species.
Catheter-Based Therapies for Patients With Medication-Refractory Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease of progressive distal pulmonary artery remodeling that leads to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, right ventricular failure, and premature death. The diagnosis of PAH is made by right heart catheterization when the mean pulmonary artery pressure is ≥25 mm Hg at rest with a pulmonary vascular resistance of >3 Wood units and a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 20 mm Hg or the cardiac index is <2.0 L/min per m2, both indicators of a poor prognosis.4 For these patients, there are several invasive strategies, such as atrial septostomy, a Potts shunt, and pulmonary artery denervation that have a therapeutic or palliative role in the management of PAH and are transitioning from surgical to catheter-based interventional procedures. See Article by Chen et al See Article by Rothman et al Atrial septostomy, a procedure that creates an interatrial right-to-left shunt, is typically reserved for drug-refractory patients with right ventricular (RV) failure and syncope. Atrial septostomy unloads the RV, augments left ventricular preload and, thereby, increases cardiac output.5 The rationale for atrial septostomy is based on the observation that PAH patients with a patent foramen ovale live longer than those without right-to-left shunting and that patients with Eisenmenger syndrome with similar mean pulmonary artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance have lower right atrial pressures, less severe RV dysfunction, higher cardiac outputs, and lower mortality rates compared with …
On Being Liked on the Web and in the “Real World”: Consistency in First Impressions across Personal Webpages and Spontaneous Behavior

With recent growth in the use of personal webpages and online social networking, people are changing the way that they meet and form impressions of each other. The current research examines the correspondence in impressions formed from face-to-face interaction and personal webpages. As expected, people liked by interaction partners were also liked on the basis of their Facebook® pages. Across the two social mediums, social perceivers utilized analogous criteria in forming impressions: interaction partners and webpage viewers liked people who were socially expressive in face-to-face interaction and personal webpages, respectively. Finally, webpage expressivity and webpage self-disclosure were independent constructs, predictive of face-to-face counterparts: nonverbal expressivity and verbal self-disclosure. Implications for the changing landscape of social perception are discussed.
The Motivational Properties of Tasks

There is no clear understanding of how jobs influence the level of employee motivation. A conceptual model is needed to guide research and provide greater insight into motivational implications of changes in the nature of jobs. Seven conceptual models of the motivational properties of tasks are reviewed. Each model is examined in terms of its scope and specificity. Suggestions are offered for future research.
An Integrated Review of Developmental Outcomes and Late‐Preterm Birth

Objective: To evaluate existing evidence on long-term developmental outcomes of late-preterm infants (LPI; infants vational studies, two reviewers who were blind to each other's ratings assessed study quality. Ratings ranged from 12.5 to 14 with moderate to very good interrater agreement. Kappa (k) values were 0.83 (reporting), 0.63 (external validity), 0.73 (internal validity), and 0.83 (design) for the four subscales and 0.56 for the whole scale, with no major systematic disagreements between reviewers.
Relationship between seizure episode and sudden cardiac arrest in patients with epilepsy: a community-based study.

Background— Among patients with epilepsy, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) is a major cause of death. It is commonly thought that SCA in epilepsy occurs after a seizure, though the strength of evidence supporting this is limited. We sought to evaluate the relationship between seizures and SCA in patients with epilepsy. Methods and Results— From the ongoing Oregon Sudden Unexpected Death Study, cases of SCA identified using prospective, multisource ascertainment (Portland metropolitan area, Oregon; population ≈1 million; February 1, 2002, to March 1, 2012) were evaluated for history of epilepsy. In the subset with witnessed SCA, clinical presentations were analyzed for evidence of seizure activity immediately before the event as well as lifetime clinical history, including nature of seizures before SCA. Only 34% of patients with history of epilepsy and a witnessed arrest had evidence of seizure activity before the arrest. Rates of survival to hospital discharge after attempted resuscitation were 2.7% in patients with history of epilepsy versus 11.9% for patients without epilepsy ( P =0.014). Patients with epilepsy had a significantly lower rate of presentation with ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation as opposed to pulseless electrical activity/asystole (epilepsy, 26%; no epilepsy, 44%; P =0.002), despite nearly identical response times. Conclusions— In the majority (66%) of epilepsy patients, there was no relationship between seizure and SCA, implying that SCA in epilepsy patients often may not involve seizure as a trigger. The significantly worse rate of survival from SCA in epilepsy patients warrants urgent investigation.
Identification and developmental characterization of a novel Y-box protein from Drosophila melanogaster

The Y-box proteins are a family of highly conserved nucleic acid binding proteins which are conserved from bacteria to human. In this report we have identified a new member of this family from Drosophila melanogaster. Degenerate-PCR was used to identify a conserved region within the highly conserved cold-shock domain (CSD) of Y-box proteins. Subsequently, the cDNA for this gene was sequenced, and the identified open reading frame was named ypsilon schachtel (yps). The expression pattern of yps indicates that this gene is expressed throughout development with the highest level of expression found in adult flies. In situ hybridization shows that the yps mRNA is maternally loaded into the egg cytoplasm. In addition, there appears to be expression of yps mRNA in mesodermal tissue during embryogenesis. YPS, while containing a conserved CSD, is novel in that it completely lacks the alternating acidic and basic regions found in the C-terminus of the other vertebrate eukaryotic Y-box proteins. The CSD of yps was purified and gel-shift analysis showed that this domain can interact with RNA. We predict that YPS would be an RNA-binding protein due to these results and the motifs which have been identified within the amino acid sequence.
Crystallographic studies on endothelial nitric oxide synthase complexed with nitric oxide and mechanism-based inhibitors.

The crystal structure of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) heme domain complexed with NO reveals close hydrogen bonding interactions between NO and the terminal guanidino nitrogen of the substrate, l-arginine. Dioxygen is expected to bind in a similar mode which will facilitate proton abstraction from l-Arg to dioxygen, a required step for O−O bond cleavage. Structures of mechanism-based NOS inhibitors, N5-(1-iminoethyl)-l-ornithine and N-(3-(aminomethyl)benzyl)acetamidine, provide clues on how this class of compounds operate as suicide substrate inhibitors leading to heme oxidation.
{&#956;-6,6&#8242;-Dimethoxy-2,2&#8242;-[butane-1,4-diylbis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenolato-1:2&#954;8O6,O1,O1&#8242;,O6&#8242;:O1,N,N&#8242;,O1&#8242;}tris(nitrato-1&#954;2O,O&#8242;)copper(II)gadolinium(III)

In the title dinuclear complex, [CuGd(C20H22N2O4)(NO3)3], the CuII ion is located in the inner N2O2 cavity of the Schiff base ligand and adopts a distorted square-planar geometry. The GdIII ion is ten-coordinate being bound to ten O atoms, four from the Schiff base ligand and six from three bidentate nitrate anions. The CuII and GdIII ions are linked by two phenolate O atoms of the Schiff base ligand, with a separation of 3.5185 (9) A.
Shape of thermal plumes in a compressible mantle with depth-dependent viscosity

The mantle plume model has been invoked to explain the formation of large igneous provinces (LIP) and associated age-progressive hotspot tracks. The shape of mantle plumes should be significantly altered by physical properties of the mantle and will influence how plume theory is used to interpret observational constraints. Based on theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, we explore the parameters that control the shape of thermal plumes in a compressible mantle. A theoretical analysis shows that the ambient mantle viscosity plays a dominant role in determining the radius of thermal plumes. This analysis is verified by numerical solutions. A continuously decreasing mantle viscosity from the CMB to the lithosphere can effectively reduce the radius of both plume head and tail. A low viscosity zone between 100 and 660 km depths where viscosity decreases by a factor of 100 reduces the radius of a plume conduit by approximately a factor of 3. Such a low viscosity zone can reduce the plume head radius impinging the lithosphere from larger than 500 km to ∼200 km. When the low viscosity zone is confined to between 100 and 410 km depths, the plume head size becomes even smaller. To form large igneous provinces, a small plume head implies time-progressive volcanism from LIP center to LIP edge.
Geomagnetic excursion in the late Cretaceous

Summary. Two sedimentary cores from the western Pacific display a palaeomagnetic record of the late Cretaceous long normal interval and the boundary reversed interval corresponding to seafloor spreading anomalies 33-34. Near the young end of this reversed interval, a systematic excursion of inclinations is observed in both cores. Samples are very stable to both alternating field and thermal demagnetization. Blocking temperatures and Curie points suggest that the remanence is carried primarily by magnetite, but with an additional contribution from hematite. Approximate sedimentation rates derived from biostratigraphy suggest that the excursion had a duration of between 46 000 and 54 000 yr and occurred about 236 000-303 000 yr before the succeeding polarity reversal. The excursion, thus, may represent an aborted geomagnetic field reversal.
Molar versus local reinforcement probability as determinants of stimulus value.

During one component of a multiple schedule, pigeons were trained on a discrete-trial concurrent variable-interval variable-interval schedule in which one alternative had a high scheduled rate of reinforcement and the other a low scheduled rate of reinforcement. When the choice proportion between the alternatives matched their respective relative reinforcement frequencies, the obtained probabilities of reinforcement (reinforcer per peck) were approximately equal. In alternate components of the multiple schedule, a single response alternative was presented with an intermediate scheduled rate of reinforcement. During probe trials, each alternative of the concurrent schedule was paired with the constant alternative. The stimulus correlated with the high reinforcement rate was preferred over that with the intermediate rate, whereas the stimulus correlated with the intermediate rate of reinforcement was preferred over that correlated with the low rate of reinforcement. Preference on probe tests was thus determined by the scheduled rate of reinforcement. Other subjects were presented all three alternatives individually, but with a distribution of trial frequency and reinforcement probability similar to that produced by the choice patterns of the original subjects. Here, preferences on probe tests were determined by the obtained probabilities of reinforcement. Comparison of the two sets of results indicates that the availability of a choice alternative, even when not responded to, affects the preference for that alternative. The results imply that models of choice that invoke only obtained probability of reinforcement as the controlling variable (e.g., melioration) are inadequate.
Deformation and internal stress in a red blood cell as it is driven through a slit by an incoming flow

To understand the deformation and internal stress of a red blood cell when it is pushed through a slit by an incoming flow, we conduct a numerical investigation by combining a fluid–cell interaction model based on boundary-integral equations with a multiscale structural model of the cell membrane that takes into account the detailed molecular architecture of this biological system. Our results confirm the existence of cell ‘infolding’, during which part of the membrane is inwardly bent to form a concave region. The time histories and distributions of area deformation, shear deformation, and contact pressure during and after the translocation are examined. Most interestingly, it is found that in the recovery phase after the translocation significant dissociation pressure may develop between the cytoskeleton and the lipid bilayer. The magnitude of this pressure is closely related to the locations of the dimple elements during the transit. Large dissociation pressure in certain cases suggests the possibility of mechanically induced structural remodeling and structural damage such as vesiculation. With quantitative knowledge about the stability of intra-protein, inter-protein and protein-to-lipid linkages under dynamic loads, it will be possible to achieve numerical prediction of these processes.
Diagnostic value and limitations of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for cartilaginous tumors of bone.

BackgroundA variety of imaging modalities are currently used for the preoperative evaluation of cartilage tumors. Although the anatomic details of the lesions are demonstrated well on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance images, those studies yield little information about the biologic act
Long-term management of luminal urethral stricture in women.

The objective was to report our long-term experience of luminal urethral stricture (LUS) in women treated with dilation under general anesthesia. Following institutional review board approval, charts of women who underwent urethral dilation (UD) under general anesthesia for LUS and had over 6 months’ follow-up were reviewed. LUS was confirmed by urethroscopy. UD was performed using female dilators with guidewire and Heyman dilators when required. Outcome measures included the number of UD procedures and the duration and frequency of clean intermittent catheterization (CIC). Success was defined as the ability to void without repeat UD and with no need for CIC 1 year after UD. Possible predictive variables were analyzed. Between 2000 and 2013, a total of 30 out of the 32 women who underwent UD for LUS met the inclusion criteria. Mean follow-up was 59 (range: 7 to 151) months. Thirteen women in the success group showed improvement in the mean maximum flow rate (pre 11 ml/s to post 27.8 ml/s) and post-void residual (pre 85 ml to post 43 ml). In the failure group of 17 patients, 2 required chronic CIC 1 year after a single UD. Fifteen opted for repeat UD. After second (n = 5), third (n = 2), and fourth (n = 2) UD, 9 patients came off CIC and reported durable satisfaction. Four women remained on regular CIC. Two required a permanent suprapubic catheter. At a mean follow-up of 5 years, UD for LUS produced durable resolution in 43 % of our patients. Another 30 % fully benefited from repeat UDs. Shorter duration of symptoms before presentation was significantly associated with success.
From the boardroom to the farm stand: applying principles of retail strategy to facilitate farmers' market sustainability.

There are few recent success stories in North American agriculture that match the growth of direct marketing. The number of farmers’ markets in the United States, for example, tripled from 1,755 in 1994 to 5,274 in 2009 (USDA, 2009). Despite this positive trend, recent research suggests that this dramatic increase masks the reality that many farmers’ markets fail within their first few years of operation. Markets may fail for many reasons, including ineffective management weakened by a lack of resources. On the other hand, those markets that have been well planned and understand their strategic position and competitive advantage in the local market are more likely to survive these vulnerable formative years. Business strategist Porter (1985) developed the “activity system map” to show how a small set of core competencies (what an enterprise does well), together with specific management and policies that support those competencies, fit together tocreate a strategic position. An enterprise that has effective strategic position is said to have a competitive advantage in the marketplace. In this paper we describe how we created an activity system map for a farmers’ market in an eastern Tennessee. This included analyzing organizational documents and interviewing market organizers and management, and then creating a simple diagram that depicts the web of relation­ships between core competencies of the market and the ongoing activities and policies of the farmers’ market managers that support these competencies. We believe that farmers’ market sponsors and managers often may be too immersed in day-to-day activities to step back and see the relationship of these activities and policy enforcement to the core competencies. Activity system mapping facilitates discussions on market policy, promotion, and competitiveness. We conclude from this exercise that activity system mapping has the potential to be a useful tool for agriculture and food system practitioners in assist­ing new or existing farmers’ markets to increase their viability in the short run and their sustainabil­ity over the long term. Recommenda­tions are made for adopting and/or adapting this technique for use with farmers’ markets in other communities.
Persistent, antigen-specific, therapeutic antitumor immunity by dendritic cells genetically modified with an adenoviral vector to express a model tumor antigen.

Dendritic cells (dc) are potent antigen-presenting cells that play a critical role in the initiation of cellular immune responses. Using a BALB/c syngeneic colon carcinoma cell line expressing a model tumor antigen β-galactosidase (βgal), we previously reported (Song et al, J Exp Med 1997; 186: 1247–1256) that immunization of mice with a single injection of DCs genetically modified with an adenovirus vector expressing βgal confers potent protection against a lethal intravenous tumor challenge, as well as suppression of pre-established lung tumors, resulting in a significant survival advantage. In the present study, we have addressed the question: how long does the memory of tumor antigen-specific immunity persists after DC priming in vivo using this genetically modified DC-based cancer vaccination strategy? To accomplish this, two groups of mice were evaluated: (1) mice surviving >400 days following protection from an initial intravenous tumor challenge after immunization with DC genetically modified to express βgal; and (2) mice surviving >300 days that had previously demonstrated regression of pre-established lung tumors after treatment with DC immunization. By analyzing the antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte response and challenging these long-term survival mice with a second subcutaneous tumor administration, the data demonstrate that a single administration of DC genetically modified to express a model antigen induces long-lasting, antigen-specific antitumor immunity in both naive and tumor-bearing hosts, observations that have important implications in the development of genetically modified DC-based antitumor vaccination strategies.