cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When minutes count--the fallacy of accurate time documentation during in-hospital resuscitation.

The purpose of this study is to examine the commonly held assumption that time is measured and documented accurately during resuscitation from cardiac arrest in the hospital. Methods: A two-pronged approach was used to evaluate the accuracy of time documentation and measurement. First, two existing databases—the National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NRCPR) and a 240-bed hospital’s repository of cardiac arrest records—were evaluated for completeness and accuracy of documentation on resuscitation records of times required for calculating the Utstein gold-standard process intervals—recognition of pulselessness to starting cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), delivery of first defibrillation shock, successful intubation, and epinephrine (adrenaline) administration. Second, nurses from a 900-bed hospital were interviewed to determine timepieces used during resuscitations, and timepieces were assessed for coherence and precision. Results: From the NRCPR database that included 10,689 pulseless cardiac arrests submitted by 176 hospitals, time data for calculating the Utstein intervals were missing for 10.9% of the interventions; negative intervals were calculated for 4%. From 232 consecutive resuscitation records from the 240-bed hospital, 85 records were identified from non-monitored units with staff who provided only CPR. Defibrillation, intubation and epinephrine administration were delayed until after arrival of advanced life support (ALS) responders; unlikely intervals of 0 min from event recognition to these ALS interventions were calculated for 11.5%. Sixty-seven nurses from the 900-bed hospital were interviewed; when documenting information during resuscitations, 21 (31.3%) reported using only patient room clocks, 30 (44.8%) only their watches, and 16 (23.9%) several timepieces. In all in-patient units in the same hospital, 241 timepieces (nurses’ and physicians’ watches, clocks in patient rooms, defibrillator clocks, central station monitors, and nursing station clocks) were compared to atomic time. The mean absolute time difference from atomic clock was 2.83 min (S.D. ±5.9 min), median 1.88 min, and range 52.1 min slow to 72.85 min fast. There was no difference among timepieces (P = 0.35). Conclusions: Missing time data, negative calculated Utstein gold-standard process intervals, unlikely intervals of 0 min from arrest recognition to ALS interventions in units with CPR providers only, use of multiple timepieces for recording time data during the same event, and wide variation in coherence and precision of timepieces bring into question the ability to use time intervals to evaluate resuscitation practice in the hospital. Practitioners, researchers and manufacturers of resuscitation equipment must come together to create a method to collect and document accurately essential resuscitation time elements. Our ability to enhance the resuscitation process and improve patient outcomes requires that this be done. © 2005 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Electrically small metamaterial-inspired antennas: Designs and measurements, efficiency and bandwidth performance

Electrically small antennas are a critical enabling technology for a variety of wireless applications. The usually incompatible demands for electrically small, efficient, and broad bandwidth antenna systems often becomes further acerbated by practical demands of multi-functionality, low weight, low cost, and easy manufacturing. A variety of metamaterial-based and metamaterial-inspired antenna systems have been achieved recently that meet many of these demands. The essential features of these antennas and the experimental validation of their performance, especially their overall efficiencies, as well recent design extensions that have bandwidths near the Chu limit, will be reviewed.
Synchrotron-Based In Situ Characterization of Carbon-Supported Platinum and Platinum Monolayer Electrocatalysts

A detailed understanding of oxidation/dissolution mechanisms of Pt is critical in designing durable catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but exact mechanisms remain unclear. The present work explores the oxidation/dissolution of Pt and Pt monolayer (ML) electrocatalysts over a wide range of applied potentials using cells that facilitate in situ measurements by combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurement demonstrated that Pt nanoparticle surfaces were oxidized from metallic Pt to α-PtO2-type oxide during the potential sweep from 0.41 to 1.5 V, and the transition state of O or OH adsorption on Pt and the onset of the place exchange process were revealed by the delta mu (Δμ) method. Only the top layers of Pt nanoparticles were oxidized, while the inner Pt atoms remained intact. At a higher potential over 1.9 V, α-PtO2-type surface oxides dissolve due to local acidification caused by the oxyg...
Positronium Formation from Atomic Hydrogen

The first Born approximation and the distorted wave Born approximation are used to calculate the cross sections for positronium (Ps) formation in all bound states by the impact of intermediate energy (20–500 eV) positrons on atomic hydrogen. Differential and integrated cross sections for the formation of Ps(1s), Ps(2s), Ps(2p0) and Ps(2p1) are calculated individually and the 1/n3 behavior (n being the principal quantum number) for charge transfer cross sections is used for n ≥ 3 to obtain the total cross sections for positronium formation. The formation of Ps in s-state is evaluated using formulation of the distorted wave Born approximation similar to that described in Ref. 1. All calculations are carried out using the prior form of the interaction. The p-state wave functions of Ps, unlike spherically symmetric s-state wave functions, are angle dependent and introduce complexity in the calculations of capture cross sections. The complexity is reduced by expressing the angle dependent part of the wave function in terms of an exponential factor. It is observed in the present calculations that the cross section for Ps formation in n = 1 state dominates significantly over that for n = 2 state. No experimental values of cross sections for Ps formation from atomic hydrogen are available at present. The present results for the formation of Ps(ls) compare favorably with some of the other theoretical investigations. The features of the present differential cross section curves for Ps formation showing a large maximum in the forward direction followed by a minimum also agree well with works of other investigators. The total cross sections for the formation of Ps in all bound states at various impact energies are shown in Fig. 1 on the next page.
DNA fragment sizing by single molecule detection

DNA fragment size distribution analysis is a ubiquitous measurement in molecular biology and is typically done using gel electrophoresis. Applications exist in public health, genomics, medical diagnostics, and forensics. We have fully demonstrated a flow cytometric approach for rapidly and accurately sizing DNA fragments.(1-5) Our work has been focused on bacterial species and strain identification. In our approach, a DNA sample of whole bacterial genome DNA is digested into a characteristic set of DNA fragments using a rare-cutting restriction endonuclease. The fragment set is stained with a fluorescent intercalating dye that binds stoichiometrically to the DNA such that the amount of dye incorporated is directly proportional to the fragment size [number of base pairs (bp)]. The large increase (~1000X) in the fluorescence quantum yield of the intercalating dye upon binding to the DNA makes it unnecessary remove unbound dye from the solution before analysis. The stained fragments are diluted to ~10−14 molar and introduced into an ultrasensitive flow cytometer developed in our laboratory. Fragments pass individually through the laser illuminated detection region of the flow cytometer, each fragment producing a fluorescence burst as it transits the laser beam. Fluorescence bursts from individual fragments are detected and recorded. A histogram of the individual burst sizes is generated that displays the distribution of fragment sizes in the sample (i.e. a DNA fingerprint). For large DNA fragments, our approach is more sensitive (femtograms vs. micrograms), faster (analysis time of five minutes vs. tens of hours), and more accurate (size uncertainty 2% vs. 10%) than pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, commonly used for these analyses.
Electronic Money Flows: The Molding of a New Financial Orde

(1992). Electronic Money Flows: The Molding of a New Financial Orde. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 1305-1309.
Wildlife Crime and Other Challenges to Resource System Resilience

WILDLIFE CRIME AND OTHER CHALLENGES TO RESOURCE SYSTEM RESILIENCE Patricia A. Raxter Old Dominion University, 2015 Director: Dr. David Earnest Although wildlife crime has exploded in Africa over the past decade —“commercial poaching” now kills an estimated eight percent of the continent’s elephant population each year—some governments have proven more successful than others at protecting wildlife and preserving habitats. To explain this variation, this study examines how the policies of three states (Kenya, Tanzania, and Botswana) have enhanced or undermined the resilience of the continent’s elephant ecosystem. Using the socialecological system framework, the study illustrates how each state’s changing practices have either exacerbated the stresses wrought by wildlife crime or successfully protected local populations from poaching. The study finds that monocausal explanations cannot explain social-ecological systems outcomes. Cross-level and cross-scale dynamics, including temporal, geospatial, epistemological, and institutional linkages, explain variation in system functionality. These dynamics include colonial policies, governance practices, the international conservation community, and resource use decisions.
Developing mathematical practices through reflection cycles

This paper focuses on reflection in learning mathematical practices. While there is a long history of research on reflection in mathematics, it has focused primarily on the development of conceptual understanding. Building on notion of learning as participation in social practices, this paper broadens the theory of reflection in mathematics learning. To do so, it introduces the concept of reflection cycles. Each cycle begins with prospective reflection, which guides one’s actions during an experience, and ends with retrospective reflection, which consolidates the experience and informs the next reflection cycle. Using reflection cycles as an organizing framework, this paper synthesizes the literature on reflective practices at a variety of levels: (1) metacognition, (2) self-assessment, (3) noticing, and (4) lifelong learning. These practices represent a spectrum of reflection, ranging from the micro level (1) to macro level (4).
Prospective CO2 saline resource estimation methodology: Refinement of existing US-DOE-NETL methods based on data availability

Abstract Carbon storage resource estimation in subsurface saline formations plays an important role in establishing the scale of carbon capture and storage activities for governmental policy and commercial project decision-making. Prospective CO 2 resource estimation of large regions or sub-regions, such as a basin, occurs at the initial screening stages of a project using only limited publicly available geophysical data, i.e. prior to project-specific site selection data generation. As the scale of investigation is narrowed and selected areas and formations are identified, prospective CO 2 resource estimation can be refined and uncertainty narrowed when site-specific geophysical data are available. Here, we refine the United States Department of Energy – National Energy Technology Laboratory (US-DOE-NETL) methodology as the scale of investigation is narrowed from very large regional assessments down to selected areas and formations that may be developed for commercial storage. In addition, we present a new notation that explicitly identifies differences between data availability and data sources used for geologic parameters and efficiency factors as the scale of investigation is narrowed. This CO 2 resource estimation method is available for screening formations in a tool called CO 2 -SCREEN.
BSIM5 MOSFET Model

This paper summarizes BSIM5 MOSFET model for aggressively scaled CMOS technology which was released recently. Various new physical effects are timely addressed in the new physical core including more accurate physics that is easily extended to non-charge-sheet, completely continuous current and derivatives, and extendibility to non-traditional CMOS based devices including SOI and double-gate MOSFETs. The flexible architecture also enables the carry-over of BSFM4's accurate modeling of numerous device behaviors attributable to device physics or technologies.
The serotonin 5-HT2C receptor and the non-addictive nature of classic hallucinogens.

Classic hallucinogens share pharmacology as serotonin 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptor agonists. Unique among most other Schedule 1 drugs, they are generally non-addictive and can be effective tools in the treatment of addiction. Mechanisms underlying these attributes are largely unknown. However, many preclinical studies show that 5-HT2C agonists counteract the addictive effects of drugs from several classes, suggesting this pharmacological property of classic hallucinogens may be significant. Drawing from a comprehensive analysis of preclinical behavior, neuroanatomy, and neurochemistry studies, this review builds rationale for this hypothesis, and also proposes a testable, neurobiological framework. 5-HT2C agonists work, in part, by modulating dopamine neuron activity in the ventral tegmental area—nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward pathway. We argue that activation of 5-HT2C receptors on NAc shell, GABAergic, medium spiny neurons inhibits potassium Kv1.x channels, thereby enhancing inhibitory activity v...
MONTE CARLO CRITICALITY METHODS AND ANALYSIS CAPABILITIES IN SCALE

This paper describes the Monte Carlo codes KENO V.a and KENO-VI in SCALE that are primarily used to calculate multiplication factors and flux distributions of fissile systems. Both codes allow explicit geometric representation of the target systems and are used internationally for safety analyses involving fissile materials. KENO V.a has limiting geometric rules such as no intersections and no rotations. These limitations make KENO V.a execute very efficiently and run very fast. On the other hand, KENO-VI allows very complex geometric modeling. Both KENO codes can utilize either continuous-energy or multigroup cross-section data and have been thoroughly verified and validated with ENDF libraries through ENDF/B-VII.0, which has been first distributed with SCALE 6. Development of the Monte Carlo solution technique and solution methodology as applied in both KENO codes is explained in this paper. Available options and proper application of the options and techniques are also discussed. Finally, performance of the codes is demonstrated using published benchmark problems.
Ability of Older Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Larvae to Infest Whole Corn and Long-Term Population Growth on Whole Corn

The rusty grain beetle is a cosmopolitan pest of stored products, and may cause grain to spoil and heat. The ability of 2-week-old rusty grain beetle larvae, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens), to complete development to the adult stage on undamaged corn kernels was compared with development on damaged kernels (undamaged kernels that are slit through the germ with a razor blade) and coarsely cracked corn at 30°C and 75% RH. Both the condition of the corn and infestation level (1 or 5 larvae per cage) significantly affected the proportion of samples in which adults developed. More adults developed in samples containing damaged or coarsely cracked corn than in samples containing undamaged corn. More adults were produced in samples at the higher infestation level. The results indicate that older rusty grain beetle larvae can complete development on sound grain, but more complete development on damaged grain. A long-term test of the ability of rusty grain beetles to infest whole corn was also conducted. Ten ...
Abstract 79: 30-Day Cardiac Monitoring is Feasible and Effective in a Community Setting

Prolonged cardiac rhythm monitoring reveals atrial fibrillation (AF) in 16-42% of patients who undergo monitoring for up to 6 months after a cryptogenic stroke. The feasibility of prolonged cardiac...
Consumo de cannabis na adolescência: relato de caso

Introduction: The illicit use of drugs has increased among adolescents. These are a risk group and cannabis is the drug preferentially used. Drug abuse is a clinical indication for family assessment. The aim is to alert illicit drug use in adolescence and emphasize the importance of family assessment and brief intervention by the family doctor. Case description: A 18-year-old adolescent male, belonging to a nuclear family at stage V of the Duvall cycle and middle social class, living with his parents with deafness and a 14-year-old sister. Family history of alcoholism. Initiated cannabis use at age 16 and regular use motivated school failure. In April 2015 with complaints of irritability and loss of motivation, associated with lack of concentration. Complaints were justified by the revolt in relation to deaf parents. In Family Circle, the adolescent put his sister in the center of the family and parents apart. According to the Family APGAR, it was a family with moderate dysfunction. It was decided not to intervene with family because it was not considered a high-risk situation and to not go against the adolescent will. Advice was provided to drug abuse, adapted to the stage of change. In September 2015 stopped using cannabis, remaining abstinent in March 2016 and more motivated at school. The maintenance of abstinence and prevention of relapse were promoted. Comment: The family continues to be the most consistent social support. The family dynamics can be prejudiced when parents, especially deaf, deal with the problems of adolescents, increasing the risk of illicit drug use. The family assessment and evaluation of the motivation for change by the family doctor are essential because only in this way is possible to improve doctor-patient relationship and chances of therapeutic success.
Wind turbines control system: nonlinear modeling, simulation, two and three time scale approximations, and data validation

In this paper, wind turbines dynamics are considered for nonlinear behavioral modeling and simulation. The modeling part is concerned about the wind turbines exposed to lower range of wind speeds. The nonlinear model considered in this paper is derived from the models published recently. The model then is analyzed through stability, eigenvalues, sensitivity and Simulink verification versus General Electric and NREL models. The paper then introduces analysis and simulations for the wind turbines dynamics approximated to fast–slow (two) time scales and fast–medium–slow (three) time scales. The multiple time scale simulation analysis and results we present are a continuation for our previous work (Eisa et al. in Int J Dyn Control 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-017-0356-0 ) that concluded rigorous mathematical analysis for wind turbines dynamics. The paper presents full numerical simulation results for the time scale work. Finally, the paper presents a practical illustration by comparing the modeling work versus other models and real measured data from a wind farm.
Compressed Wideband Spectrum Sensing: Concept, Challenges, and Enablers

Spectrum sensing research has mostly been focusing on narrowband access, and not until recently have researchers started looking at wideband spectrum. Broadly speaking, wideband spectrum sensing approaches can be categorized into two classes: Nyquist-rate and sub-Nyquistrate sampling approaches. Nyquist-rate approaches have major practical issues that question their suitability for real-time applications; this is mainly because their high-rate sampling requirement calls for complex hardware and signal processing algorithms that incur significant delays. Sub-Nyquistrate approaches, on the other hand, are more appealing due to their less stringent sampling rate requirement. Although various concepts have been investigated to ensure sub-Nyquist rates, compressive sampling theory is definitely one concept that has attracted much interest. This article explains and illustrates how compressive sampling has been leveraged to improve wideband spectrum sensing by enabling spectrum occupancy recovery with sub-Nyquist sampling rates. The article also introduces new ideas with great potential for further wideband spectrum sensing enhancements, and identifies key future research challenges and directions that remain to be investigated.
Sleeve Lobectomy Versus Pneumonectomy for Lung Cancer Patients with Good Pulmonary Function

Surgical resection of lung cancer is the mainstay for potentially curative cancer therapy. However, controversy exists regarding appropriate surgical management of centrally located tumors. Initially, surgical therapy of central tumors consisted of pneumonectomy as the only surgical option with favorable outcomes. However, parenchymalsparing procedures, such as sleeve lobectomy, were subsequently described for patients unable to tolerate pneumonectomy because of poor pulmonary reserve. The favorable results in terms of operative morbidity and mortality after sleeve lobectomy in patients with inadequate cardiopulmonary function stimulated the use of parenchymal-sparing procedures for patients with adequate pulmonary function. Increasing clinical evidence suggests that short-term outcomes for sleeve lobectomy are similar to those for pneumonectomy, regardless of cardiopulmonary reserve.
Espacios geográficos y localizaciones epistemologicas: La ratio entre la localización geográfica y la subalternización de conocimentos

Formulacoes epistemologicas devem ser relacionadas aos espacos geograficos em que estao localizadas. Estas localizacoes epistemologicas ajudam a compreender os processos de subaltemizacao de conhecimentos. O ponto de intersecao entre historias locais e desenhos globais da lugar a epistemologias fronteiricas como conhecimento critico local. Deveria ser restituido aos agentes locais o espaco para a producao de conhecimento suprimida pelos mecanismos coloniais e imperiais de subaltemizacao.
A Grand Prediction: Communicating and Evaluating 2018 summertime Upper Blue Nile rainfall and streamflow forecasts in preparation for Ethiopia's new dam

When complete, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) will be the largest hydropower dam in Africa. The GERD has become a focal point of geopolitical tensions because it will allow Ethiopia greater control over the Blue Nile River, Egypt’s main source of freshwater. To inform discussions of filling plans and responses, we created a probabilistic seasonal forecast for Upper Blue Nile rainfall and streamflow in the GERD basin. Eight statistical models and eight dynamical models were used to forecast the rainy season (June-September), which were then converted into river flow for June-December 2018. Both statistical and dynamical models predicted a high probability of average to above average rainfall as well as Upper Blue Nile flow in the GERD basin. Actual summer precipitation in 2018 was slightly below the long-term mean but well within the range considered to be “near normal.” Leveraging the increasingly online media landscape for science communication, we made the forecast publicly available through a blog and shared with regional decision-makers in advance of the 2018 rainy season. The blog attracted news coverage in the region focusing primarily on the relatively low likelihood of below-average Nile flow across the forecast ensemble. When asked for feedback on the blog, Ethiopian decision-makers and forecasters reported that flow predictions included in our blog were useful and not part of existing products. Access and comprehension were noted barriers to the use of these types of forecasts, consistent with prior research in forecast communication and dissemination. Forecasts available on such blogs can inform a shared understanding among decision-makers in the management of transboundary waters, yet effective communication and dissemination remain a challenge.
Supplemental Antibiotics in a Commercial Extender for Stallion Semen.

Abstract Commonly marketed semen extenders contain various antibiotic types and concentrations to control bacterial growth from stallion's external genitalia. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of supplemental amikacin disulfate (1,000 μg/mL) + potassium penicillin G (1,000 IU/ML: INRA-AP), or ticarcillin–clavulanate (1,000 μg/mL: INRA-TIM) in the INRA 96 extender, on sperm function and antimicrobial activity, compared with extender without supplemental antibiotics (INRA-C). In freshly extended semen (Time 30m), no differences were observed among the three treatment groups for sperm motion characteristics or plasma membrane intactness (P > .05). Following cooled storage (Time 24h), sperm progressive motility and straightness were higher in INRA-AP, as compared to INRA-C or INRA-TIM (P
Depression Prevalence, Antidepressant Treatment Status, and Association with Sustained HIV Viral Suppression Among Adults Living with HIV in Care in the United States, 2009–2014

Previous research indicates a high burden of depression among adults living with HIV and an association between depression and poor HIV clinical outcomes. National estimates of diagnosed depression, depression treatment status, and association with HIV clinical outcomes are lacking. We used 2009–2014 data from the Medical Monitoring Project to estimate diagnosed depression, antidepressant treatment status, and associations with sustained viral suppression (all viral loads in past year < 200 copies/mL). Data were obtained through interview and medical record abstraction and were weighted to account for unequal selection probabilities and non-response. Of adults receiving HIV medical care in the U.S. and prescribed ART, 27% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25–29%) had diagnosed depression during the surveillance period; the majority (65%) were prescribed antidepressants. The percentage with sustained viral suppression was highest among those without depression (72%, CI 71–73%) and lowest among those with untreated depression (66%, CI 64–69%). Compared to those without depression, those with a depression diagnosis were less likely to achieve sustained viral suppression (aPR 0.95, CI 0.93–0.97); this association held for persons with treated depression compared to no depression (aPR 0.96, CI 0.94–0.99) and untreated depression compared to no depression (aPR 0.92, CI 0.89–0.96). The burden of depression among adults living with HIV in care is high. While in our study depression was only minimally associated with a lower prevalence of sustained viral suppression, diagnosing and treating depression in persons living with HIV remains crucial in order to improve mental health and avoid other poor health outcomes.
Damage recovery of FIB modified Si for directed-assembly of semiconductor nanostructures

Focused ion beam (FIB) techniques have previously been shown to have applications in templating semiconductor nanostructure growth on Si. To assess crystalline quality in this method, or in other FIB-based nano-fabrication methods in Si, we assess in this work FIB-implantation damage in Si and subsequent recovery by annealing. Specifically, we study Si substrates implanted to 1 × 1012–5 × 1015 ions cm−2 fluences of 30 kV Si2+, Ge2+ and Ga+ incident normally at room temperature, covering a structural damage regime from almost no damage to amorphization. Raman spectroscopy with incident photons of wavelength 405 and 514 nm were used for probing structural damage in different depths in as-implanted and thermally annealed substrates. Annealing was performed for varying times at 730–900 °C in ultra-high purity nitrogen ambient. Structural damage quantification was performed through measurements of peak height and position of the crystalline Si peak at 520 cm−1. Our analysis shows that a structural damage parameter, D, (defined by subtracting from unity, the ratio of the height of the Si Raman peak in implanted/annealed samples to that for the Si peak in an unimplanted standard, such that D = 0.00 and D = 1.00 correspond to pristine single crystal and amorphous Si respectively) is 0.05 or less in all the Si and Ge implants after annealing to 900 °C, 1800 s. However, D for the Ga implants is close to zero for Ga fluences up to 3 × 1013 cm−2 but increases steadily to 0.19 for 5 × 1015 Ga cm−2 under these annealing conditions. The underlying damage recovery mechanisms are discussed.
Granular Learning with Deep Generative Models using Highly Contaminated Data.

An approach to utilize recent advances in deep generative models for anomaly detection in a granular (continuous) sense on a real-world image dataset with quality issues is detailed using recent normalizing flow models, with implications in many other applications/domains/data types. The approach is completely unsupervised (no annotations available) but qualitatively shown to provide accurate semantic labeling for images via heatmaps of the scaled log-likelihood overlaid on the images. When sorted based on the median values per image, clear trends in quality are observed. Furthermore, downstream classification is shown to be possible and effective via a weakly supervised approach using the log-likelihood output from a normalizing flow model as a training signal for a feature-extracting convolutional neural network. The pre-linear dense layer outputs on the CNN are shown to disentangle high level representations and efficiently cluster various quality issues. Thus, an entirely non-annotated (fully unsupervised) approach is shown possible for accurate estimation and classification of quality issues..
Chapter 8 – Personalized Education

It is known that individuals differ in how they learn and in learning-related brain networks. Growing evidence has indicated that standardized school settings and testing score evaluations may not fit everybody. This chapter discusses several factors that may contribute to individual learning and education outcomes, and explores how neuroscience-based learning and teaching supports, facilitates, and optimizes individual learning and achievement. Results suggest personalized education is one means to improve individual passion for learning and unfold the full potential of learners.
American Thyroid Association Sonographic Risk and Afirma Gene Expression Classifier Alone and in Combination for the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules with Bethesda Category III Cytology.

Background: The Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) has been used to aid in the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules having Bethesda category III fine-needle aspiration cytologic diagnosis (B3 nodules). The American Thyroid Association sonographic risk stratification system for thyroid nodules (ATA-US) may stratify B3 nodules and aid in the decision to order a molecular test. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ATA-US and GEC as well as to determine their individual and combined diagnostic performances when applied to B3 nodules. Methods: A retrospective single-center study included B3 nodules that had undergone evaluation by GEC. Each ultrasound was reviewed by three radiologists, and nodules were classified using the 2015 ATA sonographic risk categories. Nodules were determined to be benign or malignant based on surgical pathology or minimum 11 months of follow-up. Positive predictive values (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV) were calculated for GEC, ATA-US, and GEC across all ATA-US categories. Results: One hundred twenty-six B3 nodules with GEC results were included and deemed benign or malignant based on final pathology or follow-up. Prevalence of malignancy was 32%. The rate of malignancy was similar in the ATA-US high suspicion (HS) and intermediate suspicion (IS) categories at 42% and 38%, respectively; and lower in nodules with low suspicion sonography (LS) and very low suspicion sonography (VLS) at 23% and 11%, respectively. The PPV and NPV of ATA-US was calculated by designating HS or IS sonography as a "positive" test and the lower risk categories as "negative." ATA-US had a PPV of 40% and NPV of 79%. The GEC PPV was 40% and NPV was 83%. The PPV of GEC was 50% in nodules with HS or IS ATA-US and lower at 28% and 20%, respectively, in LS and VLS nodules. The NPV of GEC was 80% in HS, 77% in IS, 84% in LS, and 100% in VLS sonography categories. Conclusions: In B3 nodules, ATA-US and GEC have similar diagnostic performance. The PPV of GEC varies across ATA-US categories, while the NPV remains similar. These data support the need for future prospective studies.
Quad-Band 3D Rectenna Array for Ambient RF Energy Harvesting

This paper presents a quad-band, 3D mountable rectenna module for ambient energy harvesting. With the aim of powering up Internet of Things (IoT) nodes in practical ambient environments, a hybrid approach of combining power, both at RF and DC, is adopted using 98 MHz FM band, GSM900 (Global System for Mobile Communications), GSM1800, and Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz band. A dual polarized cross-dipole antenna featuring asymmetric slots as well as central ring structure enables multiband response and improved matching at the higher three frequency bands, whereas a loaded monopole wire antenna is used at the lower FM band. Four identical multiband antennas are placed in a 3D cubic arrangement that houses a 4-to-1 power combiner and matching circuits on the inside and the FM antenna on the top. In order to maintain stable rectenna output at varying input power levels and load resistances, a novel transmission line based matching network using closed form equations is proposed. Integrated in form of a 10 × 10 × 10 cube using standard FR4 substrate, the rectenna generates a peak output voltage of 2.38 V at −10 dBm input power. The RF to DC conversion efficiency is 70.28%, 41.7%, 33.37%, and 27.69% at 98 MHz, 0.9 GHz, 1.8 GHz, and 2.4 GHz, respectively, at −6 dBm. The rectenna also exhibits a measured conversion efficiency of 31.3% at −15 dBm for multitone inputs in ambient environment. The promising results in both indoor and outdoor settings are suitable to power low power IoT devices.
Djuna Barnes’ antihumanist reproduction

Anti-teleological reproduction is a Barnesian aesthetic that bridges both content and practice in Djuna Barnes’ late work. Contrary to a scholastic tradition that reads Barnes’ revision practices a...
Hyperglycemia regulates cardiac K+ channels via O-GlcNAc-CaMKII and NOX2-ROS-PKC pathways

Chronic hyperglycemia and diabetes lead to impaired cardiac repolarization, K+ channel remodeling and increased arrhythmia risk. However, the exact signaling mechanism by which diabetic hyperglycemia regulates cardiac K+ channels remains elusive. Here, we show that acute hyperglycemia increases inward rectifier K+ current (IK1), but reduces the amplitude and inactivation recovery time of the transient outward K+ current (Ito) in mouse, rat, and rabbit myocytes. These changes were all critically dependent on intracellular O-GlcNAcylation. Additionally, IK1 amplitude and Ito recovery effects (but not Ito amplitude) were prevented by the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide, CaMKIIδ-knockout, and O-GlcNAc-resistant CaMKIIδ-S280A knock-in. Ito reduction was prevented by inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). In mouse models of chronic diabetes (streptozotocin, db/db, and high-fat diet), heart failure, and CaMKIIδ overexpression, both Ito and IK1 were reduced in line with the downregulated K+ channel expression. However, IK1 downregulation in diabetes was markedly attenuated in CaMKIIδ-S280A. We conclude that acute hyperglycemia enhances IK1 and Ito recovery via CaMKIIδ-S280 O-GlcNAcylation, but reduces Ito amplitude via a NOX2-ROS-PKC pathway. Moreover, chronic hyperglycemia during diabetes and CaMKII activation downregulate K+ channel expression and function, which may further increase arrhythmia susceptibility.
Double Transseptal Access for Atrial Fibrillation Ablation in the Presence of Investigational Interatrial Shunt Device

Abstract Transseptal access for atrial fibrillation ablation can be challenging in the presence of iatrogenically modified interatrial septum. We report the first described transseptal left atrial ...
Extending bluff-and-fix estimates for polynomial chaos expansions

Abstract Polynomial chaos methods, which are part of a broader class known as stochastic Galerkin schemes, can be used to approximate the solution to a PDE with uncertainties represented by stochastic inputs or parameters. The stochastic solution is expressed as an infinite polynomial expansion truncated to M + 1 terms. The approach is then to derive a resulting system of coupled, deterministic PDEs and solve this system with standard numerical techniques. Some challenges with conventional numeric techniques applied in this context are as follows: (1) the solution to a polynomial chaos M system cannot easily reuse an already existing computer solution to an M 0 system for some M 0 M , and (2) there is no flexibility around choosing which variables in an M system are more important or advantageous to estimate accurately. This latter point is especially relevant when, rather than focusing on the PDE solution itself, the objective is to approximate some function of the PDE solution that weights the solution variables with relative levels of importance. In Lyman and Iaccarino (2020) [1] , we first present a promising iterative strategy (bluff-and-fix) to address challenge (1); we find that numerical estimates of the accuracy and efficiency demonstrate that bluff-and-fix can be more effective than using monolithic methods to solve a whole M system directly. This paper is an extended version of Lyman and Iaccarino (2020) [1] that showcases how bluff-and-fix successfully addresses challenge (2) as well by allowing for choice in which variables are approximated more accurately, in particular when estimating statistical properties such as the mean and variance of an M system solution.
The Effects of Trauma on the Maxillary Sinus

Summary The maxillary sinus, because of its anatomic position in the middle of the face, is often injured during fractures of the midfacial skeleton. It is a resilient structure that, despite possible histologic alterations to the mucosa, remains relatively asymptomatic in most individuals despite a host of traumatic injuries that it might sustain. In fact, complications after traumatic disruption are conspicuous by their absence. The sinus also enjoys tolerance to implanted materials that would be problematic elsewhere. The osseous walls, floor, and roof of the sinus are some of the few places in the human body where bone grafts and alloplasts can be placed with soft tissue coverage on only one side and maintain their integrity on a long-term basis. In these respects, the maxillary sinus is much different than the frontal sinus, and the two should be considered independently when treating injuries in which they are involved.
Personality Disorders as a Basis for Discharge and Denial of Benefits in the Military: Logical or Abusive?

ABSTRACT The US Department of Defense specifically states that intellectual disability and personality disorders are not diseases for compensation purposes, and disabilities from them may not be service connected absent a superimposed mental disorder. In addition, the diagnosis of a personality disorder led to the discharge of 31,000 troops during the years 2001 to 2010. I review the history of these developments, and how the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders enabled these actions. In contrast, the United Kingdom and Canada do not allow such actions. Whether our approach is logical seems highly questionable, especially given the significant problems with the DSM's definitions of personality disorders, definitions at odds with the literature.
Deep Learning Technologies to Mitigate Deer-Vehicle Collisions

Deer-Vehicle Collisions (DVCs) are a growing problem across the world. DVCs result in severe injuries to humans and result in loss of human lives, properties, and deer lives. Several strategies have been employed to mitigate DVCs and include fences, underpasses and overpasses, animal detection systems (ADS), vegetation management, population reduction, and warning signs. The main aim of this chapter is to mitigate deer-vehicle collisions. It proposes an intelligent deer detection system using computer vision and deep learning techniques. It warns the driver to avoid collision with deer. The generated deer detection model achieves 99.3% mean average precision (mAP@0.5) and 78.4% mAP@0.95 at 30 frames per second on the test dataset.
The Effect of Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Chronic Low Back Pain Who Underwent a Spine Intervention

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 infection poses a serious threat to global health for millions of people. In addition to therapeutic treatment methods, preventive measures are also important in controlling the pandemic. As a result, billions of people are quarantined in their homes to prevent the spread of coronavirus. However, social isolation may result in immobility, which can lead to musculoskeletal problems and an increased level of pain, depending on the weakness of the muscles. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of social isolation during the recent COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic low back pain. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 145 patients who underwent a spine intervention within the past year were enrolled in this prospective and cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was performed in the interventional pain unit of a tertiary rehabilitation center in Turkey. METHODS: Patient data were obtained by telephone interview and included information pertaining to demographics, pain history, an assessment of pain, analgesic use, activity levels, and an evaluation of stress and sleep habits. Additionally, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to evaluate patient activity levels. RESULTS: It was detected that social isolation has increased the intensity of low back pain experienced by patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. We also found that patients who benefited from spinal injections administered in the prepandemic period experience less severe low back pain (P = 0.000) and took fewer analgesics (P = 0.000) during the pandemic. The findings of our study revealed that there was a significant reverse correlation between IPAQ walking scores and the prepandemic Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores (P = 0.015, r = -0.201) and the pandemic VAS scores (P = 0.000, r = -0.313). By contrast, the level of benefit from injections decreased (P < 0.05) and the duration of spinal intervention was shortened in patients with high IPAQ sitting scores (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS: The limitations of the study are the small number of patients and the fact that our results are based on patients' self-reported data. CONCLUSIONS: Social isolation has had an increasing effect on low back pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of our study showed a significant relationship between activity level and pain intensity. We also found that patients who have benefited from spinal injections administered in the prepandemic period experience less severe low back pain during the pandemic.
Integrated Ultra-Narrow Linewidth Ultra-Stable Brillouin Lasers and their Application to PNT Applications

We describe a new class of photonic integrated ultra-narrow linewidth, ultra-stable Brillouin laser that enables precision spectrally-pure lasers at the chip-scale and their use in atomic clocks, quantum sensing, and optical gyros.
Evaluation of motor vehicle crash rates during and after the COVID-19-associated stay-at-home order in Connecticut.

Abstract Introduction Recent research suggests that COVID-19 associated stay-at-home orders, or shelter-in-place orders, have impacted intra-and-interstate travel as well as motor vehicle crashes (crashes). We sought to further this research and to understand the impact of the stay-at-home order on crashes in the post order period in Connecticut. Methods We used a multiple-comparison group, interrupted time-series analysis design to compare crashes per 100 million vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per week in 2020 to the average of 2017–2019 from January 1-August 31. We stratified crash rate by severity and the number of vehicles involved. We modeled two interruption points reflecting the weeks Connecticut implemented (March 23rd, week 12) and rescinded (May 20th, week 20) its stay-at-home order. Results During the initial week of the stay-at-home order in Connecticut, there was an additional 28 single vehicle crashes compared to previous years (95% confidence interval (CI): [15.8, 36.8]). However, the increase at the order onset was not seen throughout the duration. Rescinding the stay-at-home order by and large did not result in an immediate increase in crash rates. Crash rates steadily returned to previous year averages during the post-stay-at-home period. Fatal crash rates were unaffected by the stay-at-home order and remained similar to previous year rates throughout the study duration. Discussion The initial onset of the stay-at-home order in Connecticut was associated with a sharp increase in the single vehicle crash rate but that increase was not sustained for the remainder of the stay-at-home order. Likely changes in driver characteristics during and after the order kept fatal crash rates similar to previous years.
Frames, fantasies, and culture: Applying and comparing different methodologies for identifying energy imaginaries in American policy discourse

Abstract Although energy imaginaries are increasingly the focus of empirical study, little research has explored the methodological complications associated with studying imaginaries as an empirical concept. To help expand the methodological toolkit of energy imaginaries researchers, this paper examined whether systematic methods of identifying energy imaginaries in policy discourse could be constructed from the operationalizable components of three imaginary cognates—frames, fantasies, and cultural models—and how the visions uncovered by these methods resemble and deviate from each other. The case study research applied frame analysis, rhetorical analysis, and conventional discourse analysis to a single sample of energy policy documents published in Maine (United States) between 1996 and 2019 to discover potential commonalities and synergies among the results, and to shed light on the unique strengths, shortcomings, and limitations of the imaginary identification approaches. Similarities and differences in the results were analyzed and discussed in terms of three comparison criteria: number of unique visions detected, implicit moral values, and conceptions of renewable energy’s role in creating a desirable future. Results show an overall similarity and complementarity between the three analysis methods, but also reveal differences that suggest certain methods may be more suitable for specific types of studies and research questions.