cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Upper and Lower Limb Motor Function Correlates with Ipsilesional Corticospinal Tract and Red Nucleus Structural Integrity in Chronic Stroke: A Cross-Sectional, ROI-Based MRI Study.

Background Structural integrity of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) is important for upper limb motor recovery after stroke. However, additional neuromechanisms associated with motor function poststroke are less well understood, especially regarding the lower limb. Objective To investigate the neural basis of upper/lower limb motor deficits poststroke by correlating measures of motor function with diffusion tensor imaging-derived indices of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD)) in primary and secondary motor tracts/structures. Methods Forty-three individuals with chronic stroke (time poststroke, 64.4 ± 58.8 months) underwent a comprehensive motor assessment and MRI scanning. Correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between FA/MD in a priori motor tracts/structures and motor function. Results FA in the ipsilesional CST and red nucleus (RN) was positively correlated with motor function of both the affected upper and lower limb (r = 0.36-0.55, p ≤ 0.01), while only ipsilesional RN FA was associated with gait speed (r = 0.50). Ipsilesional CST FA explained 37.3% of the variance in grip strength (p < 0.001) and 31.5% of the variance in Arm Motricity Index (p = 0.004). Measures of MD were not predictors of motor performance. Conclusions Microstructural integrity of the ipsilesional CST is associated with both upper and lower limb motor function poststroke, but appears less important for gait speed. Integrity of the ipsilesional RN was also associated with motor performance, suggesting increased contributions from secondary motor areas may play a role in supporting chronic motor function and could become a target for interventions.
Patients Who Do Not Receive Aspirin Because of Allergy Have an Increased Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Following Total Joint Arthroplasty.

BACKGROUND Patient-reported allergies to aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may preclude certain patients from receiving aspirin as venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The purpose of the study was to (1) determine whether the use of non-aspirin agents due to a self-reported aspirin or NSAID allergy was associated with a higher incidence of VTE and (2) determine the rate of true allergic reactions in patients who reported an allergy but still received aspirin. METHODS Prospectively collected data from 45,171 patients who underwent primary TJA between 2000 and 2019 were reviewed. Patients who reported an allergy to aspirin or NSAIDs were identified (n = 823). Using a validated VTE risk calculator, each patient was assigned a risk score based on 26 comorbidities. Bleeding complications, VTEs that occurred within 90 days postoperatively, and allergic reactions were collected as end points. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with VTE. RESULTS The overall incidence of aspirin or NSAID allergy was 1.8%. Only 80 of 267 patients (30%) reported an allergy to only aspirin and still received aspirin. Compared with patients who received aspirin without a history of allergy (n = 17,648), patients who received non-aspirin thromboprophylaxis due to allergy (n = 383) had a higher incidence of VTE (2.87% versus 0.24%, p < 0.001). On multivariable regression, these patients had an 8-fold increase in VTE risk (adjusted odds ratio, 7.94; 95% confidence interval, 2.86 to 22.07; p < 0.001). The incidence of true allergic reactions to aspirin among those with a reported allergy was 1.8% (number needed to harm = 55). No patients developed anaphylaxis or severe hypersensitivity reactions. CONCLUSIONS Patients with a self-reported allergy to aspirin or NSAIDs were at a significantly increased risk for VTE if they received non-aspirin thromboprophylaxis agents following TJA. Future research should evaluate the usefulness of preoperative allergy testing when selecting a VTE prophylactic agent in patients with self-reported allergies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Fluorescence of Petroleum Products V: Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Capillary Gas Chromatography of Neat and Evaporated Gasoline Samples

Nine brands and grades of gasoline were analyzed by three dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3-DF). Capillary gas chromatograms were also obtained in order to monitor the loss of components during evaporation. All samples were examined neat, then after 50% evaporation, and then after evaporation until only a semi-solid residue remained (nearly evaporated). It was found that the fluorescence technique was capable of distinguishing among the samples in both neat and evaporated conditions and that it showed similarities between neat and 50% evaporated samples. The totally evaporated samples could not be associated with its corresponding neat sample.
Temporal dietary patterns derived from Spectral clustering and factor analysis are associated with diet quality using NHANES 1999-2004.

Objective: The study evaluated the relationship of temporal dietary patterns derived from a novel application of spectral clustering and factor analysis, to dietary quality among adult participants...
The redox state of cysteines 201 and 317 of the erythrocyte anion exchanger is critical for ankyrin binding.

Previous studies have demonstrated that modification of erythrocyte membrane cysteine residues via disulfide cross-briding or direct derivatization with thiol reagents promotes massive morphological, rheological, and structural changes in the cell. To determine whether disruption of the band 3-ankyrin interaction, the major membrane-cytoskeletal linkage, might contribute to the above lesions, we quantitatively measured the band 3-ankyrin interaction following modification of Cys-201 and/or Cys-317 of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3. It was observed that irreversible alkylating agents (e.g. N-ethylmaleimide or iodoacetamide and its derivatives), reversible derivatizing compounds (.e.g. p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate or glutathione), and native disulfide bond formation all blocked the ankyrin interaction. Comparison of the extent of sulfhydryl modification with the degree of inhibition of ankyrin binding further confirmed that cysteine modification was directly responsible for the inhibition. However, analysis of the site of sulfhydryl derivatization revealed that inhibition of ankyrin binding could be initiated in some cases with derivatization of Cys-201, while in other cases obstruction of Cys-317 appeared to be essential. This apparent discrepancy was resolved by demonstrating that Cys-201 of one strand of the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 dimer could disulfide bond with Cys-317 of the opposite strand, thus demonstrating that all four cysteines of the band 3 dimer are clustered at the interface between subunits. We argue that derivatization or disulfide cross-linking of these cysteines can block ankyrin binding by both conformational and steric mechanisms.
The Specificity of Glucose 6-Phosphatase of Intact Liver Microsomes

Abstract 1. In an attempt to evaluate the significance of the latency, which is characteristic of the various phosphohydrolase and phosphotransferase reactions catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase, a detailed study was undertaken of the specificity of the enzyme before and after liver microsomes were disrupted by the addition of detergent or exposure to high pH. Activities with PPi, carbamyl-P, mannose-6-P, ATP, glucosamine-6-P, 2-deoxy-d-glucose-6-P, and glucose-6-P were examined. 2. The following observations were made. (a) With the exception of the activities with PPi and glucose-6-P, all reactions catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphatase of untreated microsomes showed levels of latency in excess of 85%. Mild heating (30°) at pH 5.5 caused some unmasking of the activities and PPi potentiated this effect. Since these are the conditions of assay in untreated microsomes the manifestation of activities with PPi appear to be artifacts and glucose-6-P hydrolysis remains as the only activity with a low level of latency. (b) The Michaelis constant for glucose-6-P was markedly reduced by disruption of microsomes while Michaelis constants for the other substrates were unaffected. (c) Compounds which were good substrates in disrupted preparations (e.g. mannose-6-P, PPi, and carbamyl-P) were weak inhibitors of glucose-6-P hydrolysis by untreated microsomes. In contrast, glucose-6-P was an equally potent inhibitor of mannose-6-P hydrolysis with either treated or untreated microsomal preparations. (d) Disruption of microsomal structure markedly reduced the energy of activation of glucose-6-P phosphohydrolase without altering the value for the activation energy of mannose-6-P phosphohydrolase. 3. These observations can be explained by a model for glucose 6-phosphatase in which the enzyme is positioned within the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum in an orientation that permits interaction of the catalytic site with glucose-6-P but excludes other phosphate substrates, unless the membrane is disrupted. Fresh, untreated microsomes are considered to consist of two forms: (a) intact structures in which the enzyme is specific for glucose-6-P and (b) disrupted structures in which the enzyme is broadly specific. Exposures to hypotonic media, extremes of pH, detergents, or ultrasound increase the proportion of the disrupted form. 4. We suggest that the physiologically functional form of the enzyme is specific for glucose-6-P.
What Matters in Managerial Judgments of Customer Value

The ability of managers to utilize sales-history data to form accurate inferences about the long-term value of customers is examined. Although in recent years considerable advances have been made in the development of formal models that allow such assessments to be, statistically, in most real-world settings the identification of key customers remains an intuitive process. We examine the process that drives intuitive assessments using data from a laboratory simulation that asks respondents to identify which of two customers is likely to be the better long-run prospect based on sales histories. These data allow us to identify the features of sales-history data that appear most influential in driving intuitive key-customer predictions, and compare the nature of these decisions with those that would be made using a well-established statistical model, the Pareto/NBD. We find that respondents utilize sales data in a way that is quite dissimilar from that which would coincide with the Pareto/NBD. For example, empirical results reveal that intuitive judgments under-attend to information about the recency of transactions, and that the prediction process is altered depending on the managerial objective of the assessment task, such as whether to add a customer to a key-account list or delete the customer - a distinction that would not be recognized by the statistical model. Implications of the findings for both academic and applied work in customer relationship management are discussed.
An Investigation of the Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on the Relative Magnitude of Non-Audit Service Purchases

This study examines the association between audit committee characteristics and the relative magnitude of non-audit service (NAS) and audit service fees, using data gathered under the recent SEC fee disclosure rules. Issues related to non-audit service fees have been of concern to practitioners, regulators and academics for a number of years. Evidence suggests that audit committees which possess certain characteristics are important participants in the process of managing the client/auditor relationship. We hypothesize that audit committee members who are independent and active financial monitors have incentives to limit NAS fees (relative to audit fees) paid to incumbent auditors, in an effort to enhance auditor independence in either appearance or fact. We examine a sample of 310 firms which filed both 10-K and proxy forms with the SEC in the period from 2/5/2001 to 3/23/2001. Audit committees comprised solely of independent directors that meet at least four times annually are significantly, negatively associated with the ratio of NAS and audit fees. This evidence is consistent with audit committee members perceiving a high level of NAS fees in a negative light and taking actions to decrease this occurrence.
Hormonal Predictors of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

PURPOSE: Although there is strong circumstantial evidence that androgens are implicated in the etiology of prostate cancer, epidemiologic investigations have failed to demonstrate consistently that one or more steroid hormones are implicated. In contrast, recent epidemiologic studies unequivocally link serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels with risk for prostate cancer. METHODS: We have performed the first meta-analysis of all previously published studies on hormonal predictors of risk for prostate cancer. RESULTS: A meta-analysis restricted to studies that performed mutual adjustment for all measured serum hormones, age, and body mass index indicated that men whose total testosterone is in the highest quartile are 2.34 times more likely to develop prostate cancer (95% confidence interval, 1.30 to 4.20). In contrast, levels of dihydrotestosterone and estradiol do not seem to play a role of equal importance. The only study that provides multivariably adjusted sex hormone–binding globulin data i...
Differential stability of expression of similarly specified endogenous and exogenous genes in the sea urchin embryo

The object of these experiments was to determine whether competitive titration in vivo of factors required for expression of the CyIIIa.CAT fusion gene would affect expression of the endogenous CyIIIa gene in the same embryos. Earlier work showed that expression of this fusion gene after injection into sea urchin eggs is stoichiometrically reduced when low molar excesses of DNA fragments containing only its regulatory domain are coinjected. In order to compare endogenous (i.e. CyIIIa) and exogenous (i.e. CyIIIa.CAT) expression simultaneously in embryos bearing excess competitor regulatory DNA, we developed, and here describe, a new procedure for generating transgenic sea urchin embryos in which all of the cells in many embryos, and most in others, bear the exogenous DNA. Such large reduction of mosaicism can be achieved by multiple injection of the exogenous DNA fragments into fertilized eggs. Using this method, we demonstrate that at a level of competitor DNA incorporation which reduces CyIIIa.CAT expression by 85%, endogenous CyIIIa mRNA levels are wholly unaffected. Nor is spatial expression of the endogenous CyIIIa gene disturbed. Since the CyIIIa.CAT genes are properly expressed under control of the CyIIIa regulatory sequences, they must participate in the same set of necessary DNA-protein interactions. However, we infer from the results that we report here that the regulatory complexes in the endogenous CyIIIa gene are greatly stabilized relative to those of the exogenous CyIIIa.CAT genes.
Differentiation of Normal and Cultured Preneoplastic Tracheal Epithelial Cells in Rats: Importance of Epithelial Mesenchymal Interactions

Changes in the dependence on mesenchymal tissues for survival and differentiation in inbred F344 female rats were investigated in tracheal epithelial cells exposed to 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA). Fresh suspensions of normal tracheal epithelium or cultured preneoplastic cells were inoculated into isolated organ segments (trachea, esophagus, bladder, or small intestine) or into Dacron containers that were then implanted subdermally into isogenic recipients. At various times after cell inoculation and implantation, tissues were removed for histologic evaluation. Normal cells inoculated into frozen-thawed trachea, esophagus, bladder, and intestine yielded a regular mucociliary epithelium. Normal cell inocula did not, however, survive in tracheae previously heated (100 degrees C), fixed in ethanol, or digested with collagenase; nor did normal cells survive in Dacron containers unless tracheal fibroblasts plus epithelial cells were inoculated together. DMBA- and TPA-exposed cell populations with increased growth capacity in vitro survived and differentiated on all of the above substrates. Our observations were consistent with those of other investigators in that normal cell survival and differentiation depend to some extent on interaction with extracellular material(s) present in various organs. The essential elements were not supplied by subdermal fibroblasts alone. For survival and differentiation in vivo, preneoplastic cells appeared to have less stringent substrate requirements than did normal cells. Application of the described techniques to the study of changes occurring early in the development of neoplastic disease is discussed.
Other Magnetic Sensors

This chapter contains sections titled: Speed Sensors Based on Faraday's Law Inductive Recording Heads Proximity Sensors Using Impedance Linear Variable Differential Transformers Magnetostrictive Sensors Flux Gate Sensors Magnetometers and Motes Problems References
Component coding of the NTSC color TV signal

Abstract Component coding of the NTSC color TV signal is investigated. This coding involves (1) digital demodulation of the composite signal sampled at four times the color subcarrier frequency, (2) the implementation of the compression algorithms on the subsampled component signal, and (3) digital reconstruction of the processed NTSC color signal. The comb filter and band pass filter are used for the demodulation of the luminance Y and the two chrominance signals I and Q. The DPCM which consists of a fixed two-dimensional predictor and a dual word length subjective quantizer, seems to be promising for the transmission of a digital TV channel over a 44.7 Mbit/s (T3) microwave or satellite link.
REEVALUATING THE ‘PROCOMPETITIVE’ EFFECTS OF HMOs: A SPATIAL EQUILIBRIUM APPROACH*

. .The growth of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) commonly has been viewed as a “procompetitive” change in the structure of the health care delivery system. Because HMOs collect a prepaid fee from subscribers, they serve a dual role as insurers and providers of health care. While HMOs may have competed directly with conventional insurance plans, their effect in health care markets is potentially quite different. A multisector spatial equilibrium model, which incorporates the optimizing behavior of consumers, independent fee-for-service(FFS)providers, and a centralized HMO, is used to explore the effects of an exogenous shift in market structure away from FFS delivery toward the provision of seivices by the HMO. As more physicians are diverted from FFS practice to enter the HMO, both the HMO membership fee and prices in the FFS sector tend to rise. This pattern is consistent with empirical trends in the United States during the 1980s where, despite the rapid growth in HMOs and other forms of prepaid care, both FFS prices and HMO membership fees have risen sharply.
Patterns of cognitive impairment among alcoholics: are there subtypes?

The mild generalized dysfunction hypothesis of alcohol abuse's deleterious effects on cognitive processes has gained support from a number of studies in which detoxified alcoholics have a lower mean performance level than peer controls on a variety of neuropsychological tests. This approach might obscure consistent but different patterns of preserved and impaired cognitive performance among subgroups of alcoholics, suggestive of alternative hypotheses. To test this possibility, neuropsychological test data from two large, independent samples of alcoholics (sample 1, n = 143; sample 2, n = 130) and controls (sample 1, n = 97; sample 2, n = 83) were subjected to separate centroid hierarchical cluster analyses. For both samples, the majority of alcoholics (94% and 94%) exhibited a pattern of impaired verbal and nonverbal performance and deficits in memory and perceptual motor skill, with normal motor skill. The alcoholics who did not fit this pattern showed more severe or wide-ranging impairments. These findings indicate that empirical support for the mild generalized dysfunction hypothesis of alcoholics' cognitive deficits is not an artifact of averaging. Language: en
Ventricular arrhythmias: Use of electrophysiologic studies

Abstract The clinical utility of electrophysiologic testing in assessing the long-term efficacy of amiodarone for treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias is controversial, most investigators reporting little or no correlation between the early effects of the drug on arrhythmia inducibility and subsequent prognosis. We have evaluated 69 consecutive patients given amiodarone for ventricular tachycardia (VT) or fibrillation (VF). All patients underwent provocative electrophysiologic testing with programmed electrical stimulation before and after amiodarone loading. After a standardized amiodarone loading regimen, the patients' arrhythmias were not inducible in 22 patients (group 1) and remained inducible in 47 patients (group 2). No patient in group 1 has had a recurrence of VT VF , whereas 15 (32%) of 47 patients in group 2 have had recurrences. The characteristics of the arrhythmia induced by programmed stimulation in group 2 accurately predicted the severity of the recurrence. We conclude that electrophysiologic testing may be useful in evaluating the efficacy of amiodarone for the long-term treatment of VT VF and that its precise role in this context should be further investigated by stringently controlled studies.
Growth hormone and connective tissue metabolism: differential response of interstitial versus basement membrane collagens † 468

Growth hormone and connective tissue metabolism: differential response of interstitial versus basement membrane collagens † 468
Measurement-Burst Designs for Social Health Research

Questions about variability and change in human behavior lie at the heart of much research in the behavioral sciences. This commentary examines the use of the measurement-burst design (Nesselroade, 1991) as an approach to study within-person processes that transpire over very different temporal intervals. Consisting of repeated bursts of intensive (i.e., daily or momentary) assessments, the burst design can augment the type of information obtained from conventional daily diary and prospective longitudinal designs. We describe how the measurement-burst approach can improve detection of long-term intraindividual change, and how it can be used to study intraindividual variability and change in fine-grained temporal relationships between daily experiences (e.g., hassles) and psychological states (e.g., mood). Some of the difficulties of implementing and analyzing data from measurement-burst designs are discussed.
ITA/CWP and ICB technology demonstrator: a practical integration of disparate ISR/ISTAR assets and technologies

This paper presents the results of a US-UK collaboration project sponsored by the Coalition Warfare Program (CWP) of the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD). The goal of this project was to integrate a single framework a set of sensor and policy tools and protocols to enable the rapid assembly and deployment of a disparate set of coalition assets combined into a sensor network with policy controlled sharing/dissemination of data and information. This project was based on two key technology components developed as part of the International Technology Alliance in Network and Information Science (ITA) - the Information Fabric and the Policy Management Toolkit, and technology components developed by the Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies (ICB) - the Autonomous UAV Persistent Surveillance using Bio-Inspired Strategies.
Familism as a Predictor of Parent–Adolescent Relationships and Developmental Outcomes for Adolescents in Armenian American Immigrant Families

We investigated associations between familism, parent-adolescent relationships, and developmental outcomes for a sample of 97 Armenian adolescents in immigrant families. Our results suggested that adolescents emphasizing family needs over their own were more likely to report conformity to parents’ wishes, respect for parental authority, and disclosure to parents about activities. Familism was also related to self-esteem in a positive manner, and a negative association was found between familism and self-derogation. Additionally, our results suggested that familism may have indirect associations with self-derogation via more collectivistic parent–adolescent relations. An unexpected finding emerged as conformity to parental expectations was positively associated with self-derogation. This finding undermines the argument that familism benefits adolescents and may point to potential feelings of ambivalence for adolescents from immigrant families trying to balance cultural values of parents with those of mainstream American society.
Family Therapy with Adolescent Drug Abusers: A Review

The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of literature concerning the current status of family therapy in the treatment of drug abusing adolescents. The method of approach was to surv...
Vacillations in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model

Results are presented from a 35-year integration of a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Both ocean and atmosphere are two-level, nonlinear primitive equation models. The global atmospheric model is forced by a steady, zonally symmetric Newtonian heating. The ocean model is solved in a rectangular tropical basin. Heat fluxes between ocean and atmosphere are linear in air-sea temperature differences, and the interfacial stress is proportional to lower-level atmospheric winds. The coupled models produce ENSO-like variability on time scales of 3 to 5 years. Since there is no external time-dependent forcing, these are self-sustained vacillations of the nonlinear system. It is argued that the energetics of the vacillations is that of unstable coupled modes and that the time scale is crucially dependent on the effects of ocean waves propagating in a closed basin.
Occupational rhetoric and ideology: A comparison of copy and original music performers

This study focuses on similarities and differences between occupational rhetorics and ideologies of two groups of local level popular musicians, those who compose and perform their own music and those who perform music made commercially successful by other bands/performers. The analysis of in-depth interviews with twenty-five local level musicians demonstrates that the latter have developed an ideology which legitimates definitions of themselves as audience-oriented technicians who view the performance of music as an economic enterprise; musicians who perform original music share an ideology which stresses creativity over economic reward and legitimates a definition of themselves as primarily artists. Both types of musicians and their ideologies are discussed in relation to larger structural forces of the popular entertainment industry.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Human Histone H3: A Bird's Eye View

The modification of H3 in asynchronous HeLa cells was profiled using Top Down Mass Spectrometry. A broad distribution of species differing by 14 Da and containing less than 3% unmodified protein was observed for all three variants. Species of up to +168 Da were observed for H3.1, and fragmentation of all species by Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD) revealed approximately 5% methylation of K4 and approximately 50% dimethylation of K9. K14 and K23 were major sites of acetylation. H3.3 was slightly hypermodified with the apex of the distribution shifted by approximately +14 Da compared to H3.1. H3.1 (50% and 15%) from colchicine-treated cells was monophosphorylated and diphosphorylated, respectively, with equivalent modification of S10 and S28.
Interaction between surface morphology and misfit dislocations as strain relaxation modes in lattice-mismatched heteroepitaxy

We show how strained layer heteroepitaxial systems can serve as model systems for the study of dislocation energetics and kinetics in semiconductors through the introduction of strain-relieving misfit dislocation arrays. Such structures allow fundamental dislocation properties to be studied at carefully controlled stresses in the range 107–109 Pa. A parallel strain relaxation mode in strained heterostructures is via coherent islanding or surface roughening of the epitaxial layer. This mechanism acts both in competition and in cooperation with injection of misfit dislocations, and provides a further degree of control for study of the fundamental energetic and kinetic properties of dislocations. Using ultra-sensitive in situ wafer curvature measurements of stress during molecular beam epitaxy growth of GexSi1−x/Si heterostructures, the relative contributions of surface roughening and dislocation injection to strain relaxation may be qualitatively and quantitatively assessed. In addition, a new strain-stabilized morphology, 'quantum fortresses', comprising cooperative island nucleation around shallow strain-relieving pits, is identified during Ge0.3Si0.7/Si(100) heteroepitaxy. This configuration has potential application to nanoelectronic device architectures.
Molecular dynamics results for the radial distribution functions of highly asymmetric hard sphere mixtures

Molecular dynamics (MD) results for the radial distribution functions of mixtures of large and small hard spheres are reported for size ratios whose (large/small) values are 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 in the region where the concentration of the large spheres is very small. The MD contact values of these functions are compared with formulae due to Boublik, Mansoori, Carnahan, Starling, Leland, Grundke, and Henderson, Viduna and Smith, Henderson, Trokhymchuk, Woodcock, and Chan, as well as new formulae that are considered here. The new formulae give good agreement for the large–small contact values and reasonably good agreement for the large–large contact values. The Viduna–Smith formula is satisfactory for the small–small contact value and quite reasonable for the small–large contact value. Undoubtedly, further improvements are possible. These results give insight into what may be called the colloidal limit, where the size ratio is exceedingly large while the concentration of the large spheres is exceedingly ...
Anatomic considerations in harvesting the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons and a technique of harvest

Although the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons have long been used in ligamentous reconstruction procedures of the knee, their anatomic relationships have not been explicitly detailed. Therefore, cadaveric dissections were performed on fresh-frozen adult knees to examine these relationships. Several key anatomic points are useful in the harvest of these tendons. Their conjoined insertion site is medial and distal to the tibial tubercle. They become distinct structures at a point that is farther medial and slightly proximal. Tendon harvest is facilitated by identifying the tendons proximal to this point. The superficial medial collateral ligament lies deep to the tendons in this area and should not be disturbed. The tendons are ensheathed in a dense fascial layer that may impede tendon stripping. The accessory insertion of the semitendinosus tendon (which was present in 77% of the knees dissected) should be identified and transected to avoid tendon damage at harvest. Knee flexion may reduce the risk of injury to the saphenous nerve as it crosses the gracilis tendon. Variation in tendon diameter affects graft strength.
Massive Naproxen Overdose with Serial Serum Levels

Context Massive naproxen overdose is not commonly reported. Severe metabolic acidosis and seizure have been described, but the use of renal replacement therapy has not been studied in the context of overdose.
Quantum fluctuations in the stimulated-Raman-scattering linewidth.

Measurements of the single-shot power spectrum of stimulated Raman scattering from an ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ Raman generator at 10 and 32 atm using a Fabry-Perot interferometer are presented. The results show that the single-shot linewidth can be much narrower than the ensemble average predicted by quantum mechanics. However, when the spectra of numerous shots are averaged together the resulting linewidth is in close agreement with the predicted result. In addition, the power spectrum exhibits large shot-to-shot fluctuations within the gain-narrowed profile which may be related to observed soliton decay in stimulated Raman scattering.
Design heuristics for semicontinuous separation processes with chemical reactions

Abstract Semicontinuous processes have been studied in recent years for many purposes, including extractive, azeotropic, and reactive distillations, and reactive liquid–liquid extraction. In this paper, using a continuous process as a base case, heuristics are introduced to create semicontinuous process designs. The methodology for synthesizing a semicontinuous separation process (including the process units, connectivity, control system, integration with chemical reaction(s), and choice of transitional modes) is presented based on experiences involving prior case studies.
Retinal analog restoration of photophobic responses in a blind Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant. Evidence for an archaebacterial like chromophore in a eukaryotic rhodopsin

The strain CC-2359 of the unicellular eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii originally described as a low pigmentation mutant is found to be devoid of photophobic stop responses to photostimuli over a wide range of light intensities. Photophobic responses of the mutant are restored by exogenous addition of all-trans retinal. We have combined computer-based cell-tracking and motion analysis with retinal isomer and retinal analog reconstitution of CC-2359 to investigate properties of the photophobic response receptor. Most rapid and most complete reconstitution is obtained with all-trans retinal compared to 13-cis, 11-cis, and 9-cis retinal. An analog locked by a carbon bridge in a 6-s-trans conformation reconstitutes whereas the corresponding 6-s-cis locked analog does not. Retinal analogs prevented from isomerization around the 13–14 double bond by a five-membered ring in the polyene chain (locked in either the 13-trans or 13-cis configuration) do not restore the response, but enter the chromophore binding pocket as evidenced by their inhibition of all-trans retinal regeneration of the response. Results of competition experiments between all-trans and each of the 13-locked analogs fit a model in which each chromophore exhibits reversible binding to the photoreceptor apoprotein. A competitive inhibition scheme closely fits the data and permits calculation of apparent dissociation constants for the in vivo reconstitution process of 2.5 x 10(-11) M, 5.2 x 10(-10) M, and 5.4 x 10(-9) M, for all-trans, 13-trans-locked and 13-cis-locked analogs, respectively. The chromophore requirement for the trans configuration and 6-s-trans conformation, and the lack of signaling function from analogs locked at the 13 position, are characteristic of archaebacterial rhodopsins, rather than the previously studied eukaryotic rhodopsins (i.e., visual pigments).
The diagnosis and management of dry eyes.

Dry eye is a condition characterized by symptoms of sandy/gritty irritation, dryness, or burning caused by the ocular surface disease that results from any condition or circumstance that decreases tear secretion or increases tear film evaporation resulting in a loss of water from the tear film sufficient to increase tear film osmolarity. Dry eye is a common condition that, based on population-based studies, has been estimated to affect between 7.8% and 14% of adults, with the prevalence increasing with age. Women are affected about twice as frequently as men [1–3]. The ability to diagnose and treat dry eye has improved dramatically during the last decade as the understanding of disease mechanisms and pathology has improved. Therefore, the ability to screen patients for dry eye before ophthalmic plastic procedures has improved, and the ability to manage and treat dry eye postoperatively has improved as well.
The Impact of White-Tailed Deer on Agricultural Landscapes in 3 National Historical Parks in Maryland

Abstract The legislative authorization of some United States national historical parks (NHP) includes maintaining an agricultural landscape as a management objective. This management objective can prove difficult to accomplish in some NHP given increasing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) densities. Our goal was to quantify the impact of white-tailed deer foraging on agricultural landscapes in forested NHPs in Maryland, USA. We monitored 12 and 13 corn (Zea mays) fields at 3 NHP during the 2003 and 2004, respectively. Each field had 3 5 × 5-m fenced and unfenced plots along the edge and a similar set within the interior of the field. Within each plot we examined the number of stalks with corn, corn ear quality, and field weight prior to harvest. Fenced plots had higher weights of corn, more stalks with corn ears, and higher quality corn than unfenced plots. Estimates of silage yield based on crop weights indicate deer reduced silage yield in individual fields by 5–43% during the study period. Cro...
Elastic π-Carbon Scattering

Elastic scattering of 60-Mev $\ensuremath{\pi}$-mesons on carbon is analyzed to determine the following qualitative features of elementary $\ensuremath{\pi}$-nucleon scattering at this energy: $p$-wave scattering is predominant, with some $s$-wave interference at a relative phase that favors backscattering. The rather crude interpretation does not indicate $d$-wave scattering. Spin flip scattering is essentially absent from the ${\mathrm{C}}^{12}$ scattering. The Coulomb interference provides an absolute calibration, from which it is inferred that the $p$-wave "resonance" energy lies above 60 Mev.
Introducing the bounded derivative network—superceding the application of neural networks in control

Abstract The Bounded Derivative Network (BDN), the analytical integral of a neural network, is a natural and elegant evolution of universal approximating technology for use in automatic control schemes. This modeling approach circumvents the many real problems associated with standard neural networks in control such as model saturation (zero gain), arbitrary model gain inversion, ‘black box’ representation and inability to interpolate sensibly in regions of sparse excitation. Although extrapolation is typically not an advantage unless the understanding of the process is complete, the BDN can incorporate process knowledge in order that its extrapolation capability is inherently sensible in areas of data sparsity. This ability to impart process knowledge on the BDN model enables it to be safely incorporated into a model based control scheme.
The effect of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine on sleep and arousal in the rat

A single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg of body weight of dl alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine in the rat induced a significant increase in NREM sleep without affecting REM sleep. The results support the hypothesis of the existence of a catecholaminergic mechanism of arousal.
Hierarchical multiprocessor organizations

The development of LSI components has induced a substantial research effort into the possibility of applying conglomerations of small processors on some computational problems previously limited to large processors. The primary advantages of “multi-microprocessor architectures” are their potential for improvements in cost, reliability, and possibly speed over conventional large computers. However, the realization of these advantages requires improvements in the techniques necessary to translate problems into parallel algorithms for multi-microprocessors, and in the architectures of the multi-microprocessors themselves. This paper describes an architecture currently being investigated at SUNY - Stony Brook. The first section discusses various strategies of design. The second section describes the structure of the proposed system. Finally, the third section discusses some classes of problems for which the architecture is suited.
UPTAKE OF COPPER IN HYDRILLA

Summary. A linear increase from 933 to 15,943 ppmw of copper occurred in hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata Casp.) 4 days after treatment with copper sulphate pentahydrate (CUSO4. 5H2O, CSP) at 0·5–4·0 ppmw of copper. Neither increase in calcium levels to 0·8 MM in the ambient solution nor aeration affected the amount of copper in excised hydrilla tissue during a 24-h treatment period with CSP at 1·0 ppmw of copper. Part of the accumulated copper appeared to be bound in hydrilla. A higher accumulation of copper occurred after treatment with an organic copper complex (cutrine) than with either CSP or copper chloride (CuCI2.2H2O, at 1·0 ppmw of copper. This high accumulation with cutrine appeared to be related principally to the amount of copper remaining in the treatment solution.
Competitive antagonism of 8-ala-angiotensin II to angiotensins I and II on isolated rabbit aorta and rat ascending colon

Abstract 8-Alanine angiotensin II has a specific competitive antagonistic effect against angiotensins I and II when assayed on the rabbit isolated aortic strip and rat colon; but by itself it has no myotropic action on these smooth muscle preparations even et very high concentrations. In pentobarbital anesthetized cats, 8-ala-angiotensin II does not antagonize the pressor and intestinal inhibitory effect of angiotensins I and II. The possible mechanism of these effects of 8-ala-angiotensin II is discussed.
Reactivity of mitomycin C with synthetic polyribonucleotides containing guanine or guanine analogs

The guanine residues in nucleic acids are believed to be the major covalent binding site of the antibiotic mitomycin C. To identify the specific functional group in guanine which reacts with mitomycin C, reactions were run between the antibiotic and poly(G) analogs in which guanine was blocked at the N-7 or O-6 position, or lacked the 2-amino group. Binding ratios were affected to a small extent in the two former cases, but binding was significantly decreased in the absence of the 2-amino group. These results indicate that the most likely binding site of mitomycin C in synthetic polyribonucleotides is the 2-amino group of guanine residues.
Metal-nitroxyl interactions VI. Analysis of EPR spectra of spin-labeled copper complexes

Abstract Spin-spin splittings are analyzed for two nonequivalent electron spins. The resulting equations are applied to the simulation of the EPR spectra of spin-labeled copper complexes exhibiting electron-electron coupling. The electron-electron coupling and z components of the electron-nuclear couplings are treated exactly. The off-diagonal ( x, y ) components due to electron-copper nuclear coupling are treated as a perturbation, to second order for the transition energies and first order for the transition probabilities. The field dependence of the energy separation, ( g 1 − g 2 ) βH , for the two electron spins is included. Calculated and observed spectra for a spin-labeled derivative of copper(II) bis(acetylacetonato)ethylenediamine are in good agreement.
On the macroscopic properties of discrete media with nearly periodic microstructures

Abstract With recent improvements in fabrication processes, many structural components and solid materials are being designed at microstructural scales to provide specific macroscopic response characteristics. Optimal macroscopic properties and decreased susceptibilities to failure may be achieved by designing media with strictly periodic microstructures. Averaging and homogenization techniques, used to estimate the macroscopic properties of structured media, also are formulated on the basis of assumed microstructural periodicity. Few structures or materials, however, possess perfectly periodic microstructures. In the present work, the influence of perturbations in microstructural periodicity on the macroscopic response of structured media is investigated and quantified by examining the behavior of discrete media with both periodic and nearly periodic microstructures. The idealized macroscopic response of media with perfectly periodic microstructures is compared to the response obtained after perturbations in geometry and material properties are introduced into the models at the microstructural scale. Analysis shows that, for specific, well-defined classes of discrete media, the macroscopic properties are influenced only to second order in the perturbation amplitude parameter. In certain circumstances, however, the effects of these perturbations can become substantially more pronounced – demonstrating the limits of applicability of analysis techniques that assume that an underlying periodic microstructure exists for the discrete media under consideration.
The utility of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphoproliferative disorders

BACKGROUND: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) biopsy is routinely used to stage lung cancer; however, its usefulness in diagnosing lymphoproliferative disorders has not been well established. In this retrospective study, we determined the utility of EBUS-TBNA in evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with suspected lymphoproliferative disorders. METHODS: The authors searched the pathology database at their institution to identify all patients who had undergone EBUS-TBNA biopsy for possible lymphoproliferative disorders. The cytologic diagnoses were correlated with concurrent and subsequent biopsy findings and clinical follow-up data. RESULTS: Of 886 lymph nodes evaluated by EBUS-TBNA biopsy, 91 nodes from 33 patients (23 men and 10 women) were eligible. Fourteen patients had a history of lymphoma. Adequate material for diagnosis was obtained in 31 of 34 procedures (1 patient had 2 procedures). The cytologic diagnoses of the 31 adequate procedures included 19 with benign disease (8 reactive lymph nodes and 11 granulomatous inflammation), 8 with lymphoma (2 large B-cell, 2 small lymphocytic, 2 Hodgkin, 1 mantle cell, and 1 T-cell lymphoblastic), 2 with cells suspicious for Hodgkin lymphoma, and 2 cases with atypical cells. CONCLUSIONS: EBUS-TBNA proved to be useful for evaluating mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with suspected lymphoproliferative disorders. Its use may decrease the need for invasive diagnostic procedures. Immediate assessment is valuable in these cases because of the need to triage material for immunophenotyping or other studies to determine optimal and clinically meaningful diagnoses. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2011. © 2011 American Cancer Society