cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D representations for software visualization

The paper presents a new 3D representation for visualizing large software systems. The origins of this representation can be directly traced to the SeeSoft metaphor. This work extends these visualization mechanisms by utilizing the third dimension, texture, abstraction mechanism, and by supporting new manipulation techniques and user interfaces. By utilizing a 3D representation we can better represent higher dimensional data than previous 2D views. An overview of our prototype tool and its basic functionality is given. Applications of this method to particular software engineering tasks are also discussed.
Carboplatin and bevacizumab for recurrent malignant glioma

Over 65,000 primary brain tumors are diagnosed annually in the US alone. Malignant gliomas represent more than one-third of such cases. Despite advances in neuroimaging, surgical techniques, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the survival rate of this disease remains poor. The introduction of agents which disrupt the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors to glioma therapy has resulted in an unusually high percentage of patients experiencing radiographic responses. Bevacizumab, approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma in 2009, has changed the field of neuro-oncology. The drug has been utilized as a single agent and in combination with the classic cytotoxic agents typically applied in this setting. Numerous studies have reported high response rates and encouraging extensions of time-to-progression. The optimal schedule and combination of bevacizumab with alternative drugs has not been identified. The current study presents the results of a retrospective analysis of the combination therapy utilizing bevacizumab with the alkylating agent carboplatin in patients with recurrent malignant glioma.
American Sign Language compound formation processes, lexicalization, and phonological remnants

ASL compounds are formed through a process which systematically alters the form of both lexical stems which enter into the process. The resulting phonetic form of a productively derived ASL compound is traceable to the two signs from which it was derived, but does not consist of two meaningful phonetic forms. Once lexicalized, ASL compounds undergo diachronic changes to such an extent that there is no longer even the possibility of considering a synchronic derivation for these forms. In spite of this, words such as BELIEVE and AGREE retain their identity as compounds as demonstrated by their unexpected behavior when inflected for unrealized-inceptive aspect. We are led to the conclusion that in ASL a lexical compound (but not a productively formed compound) is composed of two phonological parts which are neither lexical stems nor morphemes. Since they come about as a result of the lexicalization process, we have called them Lexicalized Phonological Remnants. The illustrations for this paper are by Paul M. Setzer. The production of the illustrations was supported by the Gallaudet Research Institute.
Quantum chemical design of hydroxyurea derivatives for the treatment of sickle-cell anemia.

Treatment of sickle-cell anemia by hydroxyurea has been shown to decrease patient mortality by 40%. In a rate-limiting step, hydroxyurea reacts with hemoglobin to form the nitroxide radical, which then decomposes to yield nitric oxide (NO). In this paper, we examine derivatives of hydroxyurea and their radicals by quantum chemical methods to identify derivatives that generate NO-producing radicals at a faster rate than hydroxyurea. The molecules are treated with Hartree−Fock theory, correlated wave function methods such as perturbation theory and coupled-cluster methods, and density functional theory. We observe that the inclusion of the correlation energy is important for an accurate comparison of the energy changes associated with modifications of the hydroxyurea molecule and its radical. The computational results are compared with available experimental data. All 19 derivatives of hydroxyurea, including a new medication for asthma Zileuton, manifest changes in their electronic energies that mark them a...
Lithium and the structure of exploratory behavior in the rat

Abstract 1. 1. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were given lithium as a dietary supplement, or a control diet. 2. 2. A single seven hour test of exploratory behavior was carried out after one week of chronic drug exposure. 3. 3. The structure of exploration was significantly altered by the diet, with experimental animals exploring less intensely and with increased spacing of activity episodes. 4. 4. These findings may represent a useful preclinical analog of some typically observed therapeutic effects of lithium.
Why OrfY? Characterization of MMOD, a long overlooked component of the soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath).

Soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) has been studied intensively to understand the mechanism by which it catalyzes the remarkable oxidation of methane to methanol. The cluster of genes that encode for the three characterized protein components of sMMO (MMOH, MMOB, and MMOR) contains an additional open reading frame (orfY) of unknown function. In the present study, MMOD, the protein encoded by orfY, was overexpressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Pure MMOD was obtained in high yields after proteolytic cleavage and a two-step purification procedure. Western blot analysis of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) soluble cell extracts showed that MMOD is expressed in the native organism although at significantly lower levels than the other sMMO proteins. The cofactorless MMOD protein is a potent inhibitor of sMMO activity and binds to the hydroxylase protein (MMOH) with an affinity similar to that of MMOB and MMOR. The addition of up to 2 MMOD per MMOH results in changes in the optical spectrum of the hydroxylase that suggest the formation of a (μ-oxo)diiron(III) center in a fraction of the MMOH-MMOD complexes. Possible functions for MMOD are discussed, including a role in the assembly of the MMOH diiron center similar to that suggested for DmpK, a protein that shares some properties with MMOD.
Chronic dizziness and anxiety: effect of course of illness on treatment outcome.

Objective To investigate the hypothesis that the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) and anxiety depends on the longitudinal pattern of the patients’ symptoms. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care, multidisciplinary, balance center. Patients Eighty-eight consecutive patients treated with an SSRI for CSD and anxiety between 1998 and 2003. All patients were referred for evaluation of unremitting dizziness. They entered SSRI treatment after comprehensive neurotologic and psychiatric evaluations revealed a syndrome of CSD with accompanying anxiety. Patients were separated into 3 groups according to their longitudinal patterns of illness: (1) otogenic, defined as primary neurotologic conditions triggering secondary anxiety disorders; (2) psychogenic, defined as anxiety disorders alone causing dizziness; and (3) interactive, defined neurotologic conditions exacerbating preexisting anxiety. Interventions Patients with CSD were treated with an SSRI according to an established protocol for at least 8 weeks or until they proved intolerant to medication. Main Outcome Measures Changes in dizziness and anxiety as measured by the Clinical Global Impressions–Improvement scale. Results Patients with the otogenic and psychogenic patterns of illness had a more complete response to SSRI treatment than did patients in the interactive group ( P Conclusions Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are effective for patients with CSD and anxiety. However, patients with clinically significant anxiety predating neurotologic illness may require more intensive interventions.
Neural regeneration in gastropod molluscs

Snails recover function following a variety of neural injuries. They grow new tentacles with associated tentacle ganglia, selectively reinnervate peripheral targets, repair central connections and may even replace lost neurons and ganglia. The plasticity revealed in their responses to neural injury is an extreme expression of the adaptability observed in studies of learning and age-related changes in the nervous system. Recent information on neurogenesis in gastropods is providing a basis for comparing developmental events with neural regeneration. Studies of neural regeneration in gastropods have capitalized on our ability to identify many gastropod neurons individually and characterize the cellular properties and network properties that generate output patterns that underlie behaviors. The robustness of the model systems formed by cultured gastropod neurons is apparent in the similarity of the activity patterns in circuits formed in vitro and in vivo. Cell membrane repair, activation of an altered pattern of protein synthesis, and observation of the searching action of the growth cones can be studied under defined conditions that promote or inhibit the processes. Basic properties of growth cones, the molecular binding and second messenger systems underlying adhesion, sprouting and pathfinding, and events in synaptogenesis are accessible to analysis. Rules that govern selection of synaptic partners are being evaluated on the basis of cellular characteristics such as transmitter and receptor expression and ganglion of origin. The conservation of the molecular language that governs growth and communication between cells suggest that information gained in such studies may some day be applied to promote neural regeneration in mammals.
Alvimopan for postoperative ileus: Only one piece of the puzzle

Alvimopan is a promising agent to speed the recovery of bowel function in patients undergoing open abdominal surgery with bowel resection who receive systemic opioids for analgesia, and it is currently the only drug therapy for the treatment of postoperative ileus that is approved for marketing in
Information theory, complexity and neural networks

Some of the main results in the mathematical evaluation of neural networks as information processing systems are discussed. The basic operation of feedback and feed-forward neural networks is described. Their memory capacity and computing power are considered. The concept of learning by example as it applies to neural networks is examined. >
Communication between the AAA+ ring and microtubule-binding domain of dynein.

Dyneins are microtubule motors, the core of which consists of a ring of AAA+ domains. ATP-driven conformational changes of the AAA+ ring are used to drive the movement of a mechanical element (term...
Library leaders on digital libraries and the future of the research library: a panel discussion

This panel presents perspectives from a group of research library leaders on the evolving relationships between the body of systems, services and technologies associated with digital libraries and the institution of the research library. Four panelists and the moderator will consider many questions, including whether libraries are being too timid or overly aggressive in engaging the world of digital libraries; the extent to which digital library technologies may threaten the future of the research library; and how changes in the practices of science and scholarship due to information technology and digital content will help shape the future of the research library and the integration of digital library technologies. We will also examine the possible roles of research libraries in helping to make digital library projects sustainable. The panel will also include time for questions from the audience.
Perioperative morbidity and mortality associated with vitreoretinal and ocular oncologic surgery performed under general anesthesia.

Purpose: To determine the incidence of postoperative systemic complications and nonophthalmic reasons for prolonged hospitalization after vitreoretinal procedures performed under general anesthesia. Methods: Patient charts of vitreoretinal or ocular oncologic surgical cases performed under general anesthesia between 1996 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. Occurrences of postoperative systemic events within 4 weeks of surgery were documented. Results: We identified 418 cases as having been performed under general anesthesia during the study period. The mean American Society of Anesthesiology physical status classification was 2.1. There were no confirmed cases of myocardial infarction (MI), pulmonary embolism (PE), or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) within the first 24 hours after surgery. There were two instances of hospital admission for evaluation of postoperative chest pain (0.48%; 95% CI, 0.06-1.72), and four instances of hospital admission, or prolongation of stay, because of urinary retention (0.96%; 95% CI, 0.26-2.43). In the 4 weeks following surgery, there was one MI (0.24%; 95% CI, 0.01-1.33), 2 cases of nonfatal PE (0.48%; 95% CI, 0.06-1.72), and 2 cases of DVT (0.48%; 95% CI, 0.06-1.72). All patients that developed PE and DVT had risk factors for the development of thromboembolic disease in addition to surgery under general anesthesia.
The roles of the classical and alternative nuclear factor-kappaB pathways: potential implications for autoimmunity and rheumatoid arthritis

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is an inducible transcription factor controlled by two principal signaling cascades, each activated by a set of signal ligands: the classical/canonical NF-κB activation pathway and the alternative/noncanonical pathway. The former pathway proceeds via phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) and leads most commonly to activation of the heterodimer RelA/NF-κB1(p50). The latter pathway proceeds via phosphorylation and proteolytic processing of NF-κB2 (p100) and leads to activation, most commonly, of the heterodimer RelB/NF-κB2 (p52). Both pathways play critical roles at multiple levels of the immune system in both health and disease, including the autoimmune inflammatory response. These roles include cell cycle progression, cell survival, adhesion, and inhibition of apoptosis. NF-κB is constitutively activated in many autoimmune diseases, including diabetes type 1, systemic lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this review we survey recent developments in the involvement of the classical and alternative pathways of NF-κB activation in autoimmunity, focusing particularly on RA. We discuss the involvement of NF-κB in self-reactive T and B lymphocyte development, survival and proliferation, and the maintenance of chronic inflammation due to cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8. We discuss the roles played by IL-17 and T-helper-17 cells in the inflammatory process; in the activation, maturation, and proliferation of RA fibroblast-like synovial cells; and differentiation and activation of osteoclast bone-resorbing activity. The prospects of therapeutic intervention to block activation of the NF-κB signaling pathways in RA are also discussed.
Endothelial Cells Modify the Costimulatory Capacity of Transmigrating Leukocytes and Promote Cd28-Mediated Cd4+ T Cell Alloactivation

Activated vascular endothelial cells (ECs) express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules in vitro and in vivo in acute and chronic allograft rejection. However, human ECs may be limited in their ability to effectively activate CD4+ T cells, because they do not express members of the B7 family (CD80 and CD86) of costimulatory molecules. In this study, we show that ECs promote the full activation of CD4+ T cells via trans-costimulatory interactions. By reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and FACS® analysis, we could not detect the expression of CD80 and CD86 on activated ECs and found minimal expression on purified CD4+ T cells. In contrast, both CD80 and CD86 were expressed in allogeneic CD4+ T cell–EC cocultures. Expression of CD86 peaked at early times between 12 and 24 h after coculture, whereas CD80 was not expressed until 72 h. Addition of anti-CD86 but not anti-CD80 monoclonal antibodies to cocultures inhibited IL-2 production and the proliferation of CD4+ T cells to allogeneic donor human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), as well as to skin and lung microvascular ECs. Furthermore, we found that interferon γ–activated ECs but not untreated ECs induced mRNA and cell surface expression of CD80 and CD86 on CD4+ T cells, and these T cells were functional to provide a trans-costimulatory signal to autologous CD4+ T cells. Blockade of MHC class II and lymphocyte function–associated antigen 3 but not other EC cell surface molecules on IFN-γ–activated ECs inhibited the induction of CD86 on CD4+ T cells. Transmigration of purified populations of monocytes across EC monolayers similarly resulted in the induction of functional CD86, but also induced the de novo expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-12. In addition, EC-modified monocytes supported enhanced proliferation of allogeneic and autologous CD4+ T cells. Taken together, these data define the ability of the endothelium to modify CD4+ T cells and monocytes for trans-costimulatory events. This unique function of the endothelium in alloimmune T cell activation has functional consequences for the direct and the indirect pathways of allorecognition.
Endogenous and exogenous Na-K-Cl cotransporter expression in a low K-resistant mutant MDCK cell line.

A low K-resistant mutant Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell line, LK-C1, has been shown previously to lack functional Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) activity, indicating that it may be a useful NK...
Estriol production rate measurement studies in pregnant women.

Abstract The results of some measurements of estriol production rates in women in the third trimester of pregnancy are described. As is the case with measurement of urinary estriol excretion rates and blood estriol concentration, the range of variation of estriol production rate in the normal subjects is rather wide but the subjects with abnormal gestation so far studied are clearly distinguishable by this measurement. With further experience, this new measurement may prove to be very useful to the clinician.
Follicular lymphoma with t(8;14)(q24;q32): a distinct clinical and molecular subset of t(8;14)-bearing lymphomas

The presence of the translocation t(8;14)(q24;q32) has not been well described in follicular lymphoma (FL). In a consecutive series of 278 karyotypically abnormal non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas (NHL), six patients with FL showing a t(8;14) without a t(14;18)(q32;q21) were identified. They ranged in age from 45 to 73 years. The cell type was mixed in four patients, small-cleaved in one, and large-cleaved in one; four cases also contained diffuse areas. All cases tested displayed monoclonal surface Ig. The clinical courses were consistent with the histologic subtypes, being less aggressive than other t(8;14)-bearing NHL. In five cases, frozen tissue was available for Southern blotting. The BCL2 gene showed a germline configuration when studied with the MBR, MCR, and 5′ cDNA probes. The MYC gene also appeared unrearranged using an exon-1 probe with EcoRI or HindIII digestion. Analysis of the Ig heavy chain (IgH) gene with a JH region probe and BamHI or EcoRI digestion showed only one rearranged band in all cases, indicating that the 14q32 breakpoint did not lie in either the J or switch-mu (SM) regions. In four cases, the exon-1/intron-1 border of the MYC gene, a target area for point mutations in cases of t(8;14) that do not display rearrangements of the MYC gene, was enzymatically amplified and sequenced; no point mutations were identified. The indolent behavior of our six cases, and the finding that the molecular structure of the t(8;14) in these cases does not follow the pattern of breakpoint sites and point mutations defined in other histologic subtypes of NHL with this translocation, suggest that the t(8;14) in these cases is cytogenetically and molecularly distinct from the t(8;14) seen in high- grade NHLs, and is relatively ineffectual in terms of MYC deregulation, or that other genetic elements at these chromosomal sites may be involved. Further analysis of these tumors may provide insights into MYC deregulation and BCL2-independent FL.
Quantitative studies of ductal versus alveolar differentiation from rat mammary clonogens

In a program aimed at defining and characterizing the cellular origins of radiogenic mammary cancer, we developed and have used a quantitative rat mammary cell transplantation model to investigate hormonal control of differentiation, growth, and response to ionizing radiation. In this model, in response to appropriate hormonal stimulation, a subpopulation of transplanted mammary epithelial cells gives rise to either alveolar colonies (AU) or ductal colonies (DU). The cumulative data support the conclusion that both types of colonies are derived from single clonogenic mammary cells. In the current experiments the glucocorticoid, cortisol, which does not induce mammary proliferation or differentiation alone, promoted AU formation with milk secretion from grafted clonogens when present with estrogen and/or pituitary MtH (primarily prolactin and growth hormone) from co-grafted MtT. Progesterone synergized with estrogen in a dose-dependent fashion in induction of DU formation in mammary cell grafts in ovariectomized MtT-co-grafted rats and antagonized glucocorticoid-dependent AU development in such grafts in adrenalectomized-ovariectomized MtT-co-grafted rats as well. We conclude that hormonal regulation of growth and differentiation of rat mammary glands in situ is mediated to a significant extent through effects on the mammary clonogens and their immediate progeny. The mammary clonogen transplantation model permits quantitative investigation of such hormone actions on a mammary clonogen basis in vivo.
Genotype-Environment Interactions in Egg Production Stocks of Chickens: 3. Main Effects and Interactions of Parent-Flock Location, Parent-Stock and Growing location

Abstract ALTHOUGH genotype by environment interactions in egg production stocks may be statististically significant for some traits, they appear to be of minor importance (Tindell et al., 1967; Marks et al., 1969). These studies demonstrated the explained variation attributable to genotype by environment interactions to be of low magnitude for most egg production traits. While conflicting results have been characteristic of earlier reports, the stock by location interaction for egg production was also observed to be unimportant by Gutteridge and O’Neil (1942), Gowe and Wakely (1954), Hull and Gowe (1962), Hill and Nordskog (1956), Abplanalp and Marrou (1961), and Becker (1961). Contrariwise, Nordskog and Kempthorne (1960) and Krause et al. (1965) observed this interaction to be significant in their studies. This study is the third in a series conducted by participants of the Southern Regional Poultry Breeding Project (S-57) to determine the importance of genotype by environment interactions in egg production…
Single-molecule force measurements of the polymerizing dimeric subunit of von Willebrand factor.

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers are large adhesive proteins that are essential to the initiation of hemostatic plugs at sites of vascular injury. The binding of VWF multimers to platelets, as well as VWF proteolysis, is regulated by shear stresses that alter VWF multimeric conformation. We used single molecule manipulation with atomic force microscopy (AFM) to investigate the effect of high fluid shear stress on soluble dimeric and multimeric forms of VWF. VWF dimers are the smallest unit that polymerizes to construct large VWF multimers. The resistance to mechanical unfolding with or without exposure to shear stress was used to evaluate VWF conformational forms. Our data indicate that, unlike recombinant VWF multimers (RVWF), recombinant dimeric VWF (RDVWF) unfolding force is not altered by high shear stress $(100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{dynes/cm}}^{2}$ for 3 min at ${37}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C})$. We conclude that under the shear conditions used $(100\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}{\text{dynes/cm}}^{2}$ for 3 min at ${37}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C})$, VWF dimers do not self-associate into a conformation analogous to that attained by sheared large VWF multimers.
Drug resistance and genotyping of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Ningbo

Objective:To investigate the popular advantage and drug resistance of Vibro parahaemolyticus and provide the basis for back of pathogen and treatment.Methods: Vibrio parahaemolyticus(VP) was separated from seafood with screening method,while those from patients were separated by GB.Serotyping,genotyping and drug resistance determination were carried out by diagnostic sera,PFGE and K-B method respectively.Results: 1040 VP strains were divided into 10 serotypes,and typing rate was 94.64%,the popular advantage from seafood were 0:6 group and 0:5 group,0:3 group of patients;the drug resistance rate to ampicillin was up to 92.64%,multiple-drug resistance was not found;PFGE typing showed the strains from patients were divided into 12 genotypes,from seafood were divided into 29 genotypes,typeⅠwas the popular advantage.Conclusion: The serotypes and genotypes of VP strains were more decentralized from seafood,but those from patients were on the contrary,popular advantage on the strain of the two were different significantly,indicating serum and genotype can be used for their tracking and tracing;the resistance to penicillin whether to be related to the extensive use of culture is for further discussion.
Research Progress in Application of Nano Ferric Oxide in Propellant

The catalytic performance of nano catalyst is introduced.The research status of nano ferric oxide catalyst and its catalytic mechanism on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate(AP) are reviewed.The existed problems of nano catalysts applying in propellant are pointed out.The development suggestions on the application of nano catalyst in propellant in the future are given.
Isolation, Total Synthesis, and Biological Activities of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid (ACC) Containing Natural Compounds

Abstract The biological diversity of natural products that contain a cyclopropane moiety is ubiquitous across the domains of life. One such naturally occurring compound that contains the cyclopropane moiety is 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and its structural analogs. These compounds are of interest to the scientific community because they are endowed with a wide range of biological activities such as; antifungal, antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumoral, among others. In this chapter, a compendium of research efforts centered on naturally occurring 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid moieties regarding their, (1) isolation from plants and microorganisms, (2) characterization using analytical and spectroscopic techniques, (3) strategies for their total synthesis, and (4) resultant biological activities will be discussed.
Deliver Us from the Plurality Vote

To connect theory with reality, this concluding chapter addresses certain realistic, pragmatic dangers associated with actual elections. I also critique, but only briefly, some contemporary, so-called reform efforts. After exhibiting my tendency toward reckless behavior by sticking a toe into the dangerous waters populated by advocates of various voting rules, I will hastily retreat to the safety zone ensured by theory and academics. Once back in this ivy-covered haven, I will tie together certain points made in this book by using a different approach. Our Standard Voting Rule The material developed in the past few chapters probably spawned worries about the accuracy of standard elections. I hope so; a strong, take-home message is that standard voting rules create real and grave problems. These fears realistically arise whenever elections are based on, or involve, the plurality vote. As described in the past two chapters, this typically used voting rule suffers severe weaknesses causing its outcomes to compromise the wishes of the voters. To escalate the rhetoric, it is realistic to fret about the legitimacy of any reasonably close election where the outcomes involve the plurality vote. The 2000 U.S. Presidential Election In Section 1.1, doubt was expressed whether the 2000 U.S. presidential election outcome involving George W. Bush, Albert Gore, and Ralph Nader accurately reflected the views of the voters.
A note on the dynamics of cell division: A reply to Robertson

If a drop of rancid oil and chloroform is immersed in water and n/10 NaOH solution is allowed to diffuse against two opposite poles of the drop at the same time and rate, the drop constricts and divides in two along the equator.
Effect of cyto/chemokine degradation in effective intercellular communication distances

Many complex biological processes such as cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and cell motility are governed by cell signaling. This mode of intercellular communication is of paramount importance for tissue function and ultimately for entire organism. In intercellular communication cells secrete signaling molecules such as cyto/chemokines which diffuse through the surrounding medium and eventually bind to receptors on other cells whereby the signal transduction is completed. An accurate estimation of the effective communication distances and the time scale on which signaling takes place are important for the interpretation of cell and organ physiology and ultimately in the effective and efficient chemotactically driven tissue engineering. The present study uses a solitary cell model incorporating degradation of secreted molecules to estimate the effective communication distances and the time scale on which signaling takes place. We demonstrate through our model that in presence of degradation the effective communication distances are significantly reduced.
Breaking the Code: Engaging Practitioners in Critical Analysis of Adult Educational Literature

(1993). Breaking the Code: Engaging Practitioners in Critical Analysis of Adult Educational Literature. Studies in the Education of Adults: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 64-91.
Amino Acid Nutrition of the Chick

The earliest records of chick studies with crystalline amino acid diets involved work by Grau and Almquist (1944), Almquist and Grau (1944), and Hegsted (1944). Acceptable food intake, however, was a problem in all these studies. In 1950, H. M. Scott and co-workers at the University of Illinois began a meticulous search for a pattern of amino acids that would permit near-optimum growth. The first reference standard was reported by Glista et al. (1951). However the chicks had to be force-fed to obtain even slow rates of growth.
From Teaching to Administration: A Preparation Institute.

The move from teaching to administration is a pivotal point for creating innovative leaders. The National Policy Board on Educational Administration and other professional organizations have called...
A Historical Perspective on the Development of an Ethnic Minority Consciousness in the Spanish-Language Press of the Southwest

Various scholars have treated ethnic newspapers in the United States as if they all have evolved from an immigrant press.(i) While one may accept their analysis of the functions of the ethnic press, there is a substantial and qualitative difference between newspapers that were built on an immigration base and those that developed from the experience of colonialism and racial oppression. Hispanics were subjected to “racialization”(ii) for more than a century through such doctrines as the Spanish Black Legend and Manifest Destiny during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. They were conquered and incorporated into the United States and then treated as colonial subjects as is the case of Mexicans in the Southwest and the Puerto Ricans in the Caribbean. Some were incorporated through territorial purchase as was the case of the Hispanics in Florida and Louisiana. (I would also make a case that, in many ways, Cubans and Dominicans also developed under United States domination in the twentieth century.) The subsequent migration and immigration of these peoples to the United States was often directly related to the domination of their homelands by the United States. Their immigration and subsequent cultural perspective on life in the United States, of course, has been substantially different from that of European immigrant groups. Hispanic native or ethnic minority perspective has manifested itself in the political realm, often as an attitude of entitlement to civil and political rights.
Application of an updated atmospheric model to explore volcano infrasound propagation and detection in Alaska

Abstract Winds and temperature gradients greatly affect the long-range propagation of infrasound. The spatio-temporal variability of these parameters must therefore be accurately characterized to correctly interpret recorded infrasound at long distances, specifically to differentiate between source and propagation effects. Here we present the first results of an open source reanalysis model, termed Alaska Volcano Observatory Ground-to-Space (AVO-G2S), constructed to accurately characterize the atmosphere and model long-range infrasound propagation from volcanic eruptions in Alaska. We select a number of case studies to examine recent eruptions of Alaskan volcanoes whose ash emissions posed a threat to air traffic, including the two most recent eruptions of Pavlof Volcano and two typical explosions from Cleveland Volcano. Strong tropospheric ducting and low noise at the station during the 21 July 2015 explosion of Cleveland Volcano led to an automated detection of the explosion at an infrasound array 992 km away, whereas low signal-to-noise ratio for the 6 November 2014 Cleveland Volcano explosion helps explain the non-detection in real-time of a predicted strong stratospheric arrival. For the November 2014 Pavlof eruption, discrepancies between local seismic data and a distal infrasound array 460 km away cannot be solely explained by changes in atmospheric conditions, though some features of the complex propagation predictions follow the trends in long-range infrasound signals. The most recent eruption of Pavlof Volcano in March 2016 shows minimal changes in propagation conditions throughout the eruption and therefore indicates that the signals detected at long-range primarily reflect source processes. These results show how detailed examination of the acoustic propagation conditions provides insight into detection capability and eruption dynamics. Future work will implement AVO-G2S and high-resolution long-range infrasound propagation modeling in real-time for Alaskan volcanoes of interest.
Discussion of Paper by Balaban and Goldfarb

In essence, the evaluation of a health care technology is addressed to the following three questions: a) Does the application of the technology achieve the intended outcome? b) If the answer to (a) is yes, can the benefits associated with the intended outcome justify the costs incurred in the application of the technology? c) If the answer to (b) is yes, does the application of the technology result in the minimum resource cost required to achieve the intended outcome or, alternatively, does it result in the maximum benefit attainable with a given resource expenditure?
The Temporal Requirements for Androgens During the Cell Cycle of the Prostate Gland

Dr. William Wallace Scott has focused a considerable portion of his efforts toward defining the clinical parameters and physiological factors which are important in understanding and controlling the growth of the prostate gland. Dr. Scott defined the ultimate clinical goal in his statement, “What a glorious day it will be for urology when we can shrink the benign nodular hyperplastic prostate, quiet the carcinomatous one and increase the libido and potentia all with a tablet. Oh happy day!”(1) Dr. Scott has initiated this long and difficult journey through a series of contributions which have formed a systematic framework for the evaluation and search for new inhibitors of prostatic growth(1–18). This has been exemplified by his leadership in the recent development of antiandrogenic drugs, which introduce a great deal of promise as a new approach for the effective treatment of benign nodular prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma(12,14,17,18).
Synthetic Access to Functionalized Dipolarophiles of Lewis Basic Complexant Scaffolds through Sonogashira Cross-Coupling

Soft Lewis basic complexants that facilitate selective removal of discrete ions resident in spent nuclear fuel can decrease repository volume and radiotoxicity and are of significant interest. Optimization of chelation efficacy is predicated on modular access to synthons to rapidly evaluate structure–activity relationships. The following work highlights efficient access to functionalized synthons for use as potential dipolarophiles in subsequent cycloaddition processes via Sonogashira coupling of 3-(6-bromo-pyridin-2-yl)-[1,2,4]triazine scaffolds. The 41 examples explored during method development evaluated electrophile and nucleophile diversity affording the desired coupled products in 31–96% isolated yield. Method optimization, substrate scope, a scale-up reaction, and downstream product functionalization are reported herein.
Barriers and Drivers to Accessing and Using Workforce and Technical Assistance Resources for Small and Medium Manufacturers (SMMs) in Rural Regions

Workforce shortages and market shifts have left many small and medium manufacturers (SMMs) struggling to maintain their operations. Still some SMMs tend not to utilize the workforce development and...
Matrix Profile XI: SCRIMP++: Time Series Motif Discovery at Interactive Speeds

Time series motif discovery is an important primitive for time series analytics, and is used in domains as diverse as neuroscience, music and sports analytics. In recent years, algorithmic advances (coupled with hardware improvements) have greatly expanded the purview of motif discovery. Nevertheless, we argue that there is an insatiable need for further scalability. This is because more than most types of analytics, motif discovery benefits from interactivity. The two state-of-the-art algorithms to find motifs are STOMP, which requires O(n2) time, and STAMP, which, despite being an O(logn) factor slower, is the preferred solution for most applications, as it is a fast converging anytime algorithm. In favorable scenarios STAMP needs only to be run to a small fraction of completion to provide a very accurate approximation of the top-k motifs. In this work we introduce SCRIMP++, an O(n2) time algorithm that is also an anytime algorithm, combining the best features of STOMP and STAMP. As we shall show, SCRIMP++ maintains all the desirable properties of the original algorithms, but converges much faster, in almost all scenarios producing the correct output after spending a tiny fraction of the full computation time. We argue that for many end-users, this allows motif discovery to be performed in interactive sessions. Moreover, this interactivity can be game changing in terms of the analytics that can be performed.
Valence Band Anti-Crossing Analysis of Dilute Sulfur in ZnO l-x S x Alloys

ZnO and related alloys are promising materials for application in photonics, electronics, piezoelectric nanogenerators and electromechanical devices. In this work, a Valence Band Anti-Crossing (VBAC) model is developed to analyze the energy bandgap of ZnO binary compound when it is lightly alloyed with anion sulfur (S) material. Minority anion alloy ZnO l-x S x exhibits unusual bowing of energy bandgap compared to cation alloying. The energy bandgap decreases dramatically from 3.37 eV to approximately 2.65 eV as the S composition increases to 100%. The main reason of the energy bandgap reduction is found to be the increase (up-shift) of the valence band edge (VBE) due to interaction between ZnO's extended VBE and the localized S defect energy state. The VBE of ZnO host material spilt into two sub-bands, the upper band E_ and the lower band E+, when the S atoms replace the O atoms. The overall computational model is based on a coupling of the Hamiltonian of the supercell based on a fully-atomistic 8-band Sp3tight-binding basis set including spin orbital interaction and the Valence Force- Field (VFF) model using Keating potentials for strain calculations.
Preeclamptic serous retinal detachment without hypertension: A case report.

Abstract Preeclampsia is a disease of pregnancy classically defined by the development of new-onset hypertension and proteinuria. Serous retinal detachment is a rare complication of severe preeclampsia that is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a 24-year-old primigravida who was diagnosed with preeclamptic serous retinal detachment at 30 weeks of gestation that occurred in the absence of hypertension. The patient was delivered by cesarean section for fetal malpresentation and she had complete recovery of her vision by three months postpartum. Providers should exercise vigilance for preeclampsia in women presenting with new-onset visual symptoms, even in the absence of hypertension.
Effect of Adsorbed Substances upon Electrocrystallization

It is well known55 (and wide use of this knowledge is made in practice) that the addition of certain organic substances affects to a very large extent the physical properties, and the conditions of formation, of electrodeposits. An important characteristic of these effects is the low threshold for their action; amounts of substance in solution in concentrations as low as 10−12 mole/cm3 have been found80 to produce significant changes in the morphology of an electrolytically growing crystal. Indeed, there are indications19 that at least some of the characteristics observed in crystals grown from “pure” solutions are in fact determined by the presence of very small amounts of adventitious impurities.
When Twitter Fingers Turn to Trigger Fingers: a Qualitative Study of Social Media-Related Gang Violence

Mounting evidence suggests that social media can exacerbate tensions among gangs that ultimately lead to violence, but serious questions remain about precisely how conflict online translates to conflict offline. The purpose of this study is to examine the ways in which gang violence can be mediated by the Internet. We conducted a sociolinguistic study with 17 Black males between the ages of 14–24 who self-identified at the time of the study as having current or former gang involvement to determine how online provocations may generate offline violence. We examine the sociolinguistic patterns of two prominent gangs on Chicago’s South Side and use qualitative interviews and a vignette methodology to gather in-depth information into the nature of Internet-mediated gang violence from multiple perspectives. We identified three forms of social media communication that were interpreted as threating by participants: dissing, calling, and direct threats. We developed a framework for understanding participant responses to tweets and the potential for violence that is a consequence of such posts. Lastly, we highlight racial decoding and importance of context when interpreting the social media communication of Black and Latino youth. This study has important implications for the prevention of gang violence that is amplified by social media communication. Findings can be used to initiate conversations between researchers and practitioners regarding the role of social media for prevention and the ethical use of such tools, particularly for marginalized populations.
Imágenes cardiovasculares en la valoración del paciente con indicación de implante aórtico transcatéter

Resumen El implante aortico transcateter es uno de los avances mas importantes en la cardiologia contemporanea. Su uso es ampliamente aceptado en aquellos pacientes con estenosis aortica calcificada con riesgo quirurgico alto o prohibitorio y ha sido expandido a la poblacion de riesgo intermedio. Otra indicacion aprobada es en pacientes con degeneracion valvular bio-protesica. El exito de esta tecnologia ha dependido y dependera en gran parte del avance y la utilizacion apropiada de las tecnicas multi-imagenes. El uso de tecnicas de imagenes debera ser adaptado a las tecnologias emergentes y tendra siempre un papel fundamental en la seleccion de los pacientes, apoyo y direccion durante el procedimiento, diagnostico y manejo oportuno de complicaciones y seguimiento a largo plazo. El entrenamiento de nuevas generaciones de cardiologos debera incluir estos aspectos.
Systematic monitoring of retention in care in U.S.-based HIV care facilities.

ABSTRACTNational guidelines recommend that HIV providers systematically monitor retention in care to identify and re-engage persons suboptimally in care. We described (1) U.S.-based outpatient HIV ...
Student or Teacher? A Look at How Students Facilitate Public Sensemaking During Collaborative Groupwork

As institutions strive to improve teaching and learning for all, educators must consider equitable instruction. In particular, equitable distributions of authority and agency among students. The authors define distribution of authority as shared opportunities for decision-making in enacting mathematical tasks, and agency as the power to carry out these self-made decisions. Equitable distributions of authority and agency can be enhanced in mathematics public sensemaking classrooms where students participate in discourse as active members of the classroom. In public sensemaking classrooms, students understand and acknowledge one another's ideas, present and revise arguments, and take risks by sharing ideas. This study investigates one group of students and how they positioned one another during mathematical groupwork in a public sensemaking classroom, as well as how the positioning impacted the distribution of agency and authority. Analyses indicate that one student replicates the role of teacher by redistributing authority and agency back to other students. The findings intend to inform classroom teachers of the positioning patterns that may occur during groupwork, and the effectiveness of public sensemaking classrooms on distributing authority and agency equitably during groupwork.
Gallium Nitride Nanostructures: From Multi-Color Micro LEDs to High Efficiency Solar Fuel Production

We demonstrate multi-color micro LEDs monolithically integrated on a single chip by using InGaN nanocrystals. These nanostructures can also enable one-step generation of chemical fuels directly from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Grain growth-induced thermal property enhancement of NiTi shape memory alloys for elastocaloric refrigeration and thermal energy storage systems

Abstract We interrogate the extent to which grain size plays a role in augmenting the thermal conductivity and thermal energy storage capacity of a NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) using the optical pump-probe technique frequency-domain thermoreflectance and advanced calorimetry techniques, respectively. To alter grain size, we apply a solution anneal process to a nanograined commercial NiTi sample and show that grain growth (from ~ 40 nm to ~ 60 µm) significantly increases thermal conductivity in both phases and improves the thermal storage capacity of the material by up to a factor of ~ 50. These results are contrary to the performance metrics achieved using conventional mechanisms that improve PCM thermal conductivity, and provide a viable route to develop elastocaloric refrigeration systems with a high coefficient of performance (COP) as well as large figure-of-merit passive thermal regulation methods for cooling high power density electronics.