cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of nm23 antimetastatic gene product in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Abstract The nm23 gene has been implicated as a suppressor gene involved in the control of the metastatic process of malignant cells. Reduced levels of nm23 gene product have been found in tumor cells with high metastatic potential such as several types of rodent tumors and human breast, colorectal, and lung carcinoma. This pilot study examines the expression of the nm23 gene product compared with nodal status in 70 consecutive patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on these tumor tissues with a monoclonal antibody to nm23-H1 peptide sequence. The tissues were scored from 0 to 2 by 2 independent observers. Reduced immunoreactivity, grades 0 and 1, was observed in 30 patients with positive nodal status (N = 34, 88%). Strong immunoreactivity, grade 2, was observed in 20 patients with negative nodal status (N = 36, 56%). Reduced expression of nm23 gene product was observed in patients with positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0006, χ2). However, no significant differences in survival of these groups based on nm23 expression could be shown with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. This initial finding in the difference of nm23 gene product expression in patients with differing lymph node status is exciting but must be further validated with future studies. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000;122:96-9.)
The effect of crystal phase of Ta barrier on via resistance and reliability performance for Cu line

It has been reported that the crystal phase of Ta on TaN barrier depends on the underlying TaN thickness. However the investigation of TaN film thickness dependent about via resistance has not been carried out enough. In this study, we have investigated the influences of crystal phase of Ta barrier at the via bottom on via resistance and reliability performances. We found that the via resistance with 5nm-thick TaN under layer show bi-modal distribution. And we estimated that the bi-modal distribution of via resistance indicates the Ta crystal phase at via bottom become one of a-Ta and b-Ta. Also, we represented that the reliability performance is same for both α-Ta and β-Ta. These results indicate the influence of the phase of Ta in only the distribution of via-resistance.
PCR differentiation of Escherichia coli from other Gram-negative bacteria using primers derived from the nucleotide sequences flanking the gene encoding the universal stress protein

A PCR-based test was developed to differentiate Escherichia coli from other Gram-negative bacteria. The assay employed primers derived from the nucleotide sequences flanking the gene encoding the universal stress protein (uspA) and was found to be highly specific for E. coli. An 884 base pair (bp) specific product was amplified from all of the E. coli tested (n = 45), whereas no amplification was associated with non-E. coli Gram-negative bacteria (n = 11).
A taxonomic revision of Madagascan Gardenia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae)

A taxonomic revision of Madagascan Gardenia is presented, to include four species and two subspecies. Three species, Gardenia sambiranensis Rakoton. & A. P. Davis, G. manongarivenis Rakoton. & A. P. Davis, G. brevicalyx Rakoton. & A. P. Davis and one subspecies, G. rutenbergiana subsp. australis Rakoton. & A. P. Davis, are described as new to science. Identification keys, descriptions, distribution maps, illustrations, species notes (distribution, habitat and ecology, phenology), and conservation assessments are provided. Madagascan Gardenia species are restricted to western Madagascar, in seasonally dry and sub-humid vegetation types. At least two species demonstrate broad ecological and anthropogenic tolerance, which may make them suitable for vegetation restoration projects in western Madagascar.
WDM PON based on Silicon Photonic Micro-ring Modulators

We demonstrate an optical access networks architecture uniquely enabled by CMOS compatible silicon micro-rings. The wavelength selective behavior of micro-ring modulators enables single-sideband modulation, which simultaneously generates downstream signals and centrally distributed carriers for upstream re-modulation.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database: An analysis of surgical morbidity and mortality

Background To date, reported surgical morbidity and mortality for pleurectomy/decortication and extrapleural pneumonectomy performed for malignant pleural mesothelioma primarily represent the experience of a few specialized centers. For comparison, we examined early outcomes of pleurectomy/decortication and extrapleural pneumonectomy from a broader group of centers/surgeons participating in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons-General Thoracic Database. Methods All patients in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons-General Thoracic Database (version 2.081, representing 2009-2011) who underwent pleurectomy/decortication or extrapleural pneumonectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma were identified. Patient characteristics, morbidity, mortality, center volume, and procedure were examined using univariable and multivariable analyses. Results A total of 225 patients underwent pleurectomy/decortication (n = 130) or extrapleural pneumonectomy (n = 95) for malignant pleural mesothelioma at 48 centers. Higher volumes of procedures (≥5/y) were performed at 3 pleurectomy/decortication and 2 extrapleural pneumonectomy centers. Patient characteristics were statistically equivalent between pleurectomy/decortication and extrapleural pneumonectomy groups, except those undergoing extrapleural pneumonectomy were younger (63.2 ± 7.8 years vs 68.3 ± 9.5 years; P P = .036). Major morbidity was greater after extrapleural pneumonectomy, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (8.4% vs 0.8%; P = .005), reintubation (14.7% vs 2.3%; P = .001), unexpected reoperation (9.5% vs 1.5%; P = .01), and sepsis (4.2% vs 0%; P = .03), as was mortality (10.5% vs 3.1%; P = .03). Multivariate analyses revealed that extrapleural pneumonectomy was an independent predictor of major morbidity or mortality (odds ratio, 6.51; P = .001). Compared with high-volume centers, increased acute respiratory distress syndrome was seen in low-volume centers performing extrapleural pneumonectomy (0% vs 12.5%; P = .05). Conclusions Extrapleural pneumonectomy is associated with greater morbidity and mortality compared with pleurectomy/decortication when performed by participating surgeons of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons-General Thoracic Database. Effects of center volume require further study.
Relay protection operation for faults on Nyseg's six-phase transmission line

This paper describes the performance of the protection system used for the first commercially operated six-phase transmission line in the world-New York State Electric & Gas's 93 kV (phase to phase and phase to ground) line from Goudey Station to Oakdale substation (USA) during faults in the winter of 1993. The paper briefly describes the basics of the High-Phase Order Transmission Demonstration Project and the integration of available state of the art microprocessor based relays, with a programmable logic relay (designed for the protection of conventional three-phase systems) in a hierarchical six-phase protection system. The operation of the protection system during two faults on the line in January and February 1993 is reported. The modeling of the six-phase line in a conventional three-phase short circuit study program is also considered and a comparison between the measured and calculated fault currents is presented.
Prediction of the void growth at its early stage in a viscous two-phase material

Abstract The void growth in a ductile material subjected to high strain-rate is studied at its early stage. Two cases of loading condition are investigated, triaxial stress and uniaxial strain. It is found that the triaxial stress model yields the faster void growth than the uniaxial strain model.
A model for resin flow during composite processing: Part 1—general mathematical development

A generalized three-dimensional model for resin flow during composite processing has been developed. The model is based on a theory of consolidation and flow through a porous medium, which considers that the total force acting on a porous medium is countered by the sum of the opposing forces, including the force due to the spring-like effect of the fiber network and the hydrostatic force due to the pressure of the liquid within the porous medium. The flow in the laminate is described in terms of Darcy's Law for flow in a porous medium, which requires a knowledge of the fiber network permeability and the viscosity of the flowing fluid. Unlike previous resin flow models, this model properly considers the flows in different directions to be coupled and provides a unified approach in arriving at the solution. Comparison of numerical solutions with the closed form analytical solution shows good agreement. Resin pressure profiles show that the pressure gradients in the vertical and horizontal directions are not linear, unlike the assumption of linearity made in several previous resin flow models. The effects on the resin pressure of both linear and nonlinear stress-strain behavior of the porous fiber network were considered. The nonlinear behavior simulates a rapidly stiffening spring and the resin pressure decreases much more rapidly after a given initial period compared to the linear stress-strain behavior.
Application of a new effective viscosity model to turbulent plane Couette flow

AjC — constants occurring in semi-logarithmic laws for turbulent layers Cf = skin-friction coefficient, rwl\pu^ h = half width of channel Re = Reynolds number based on half width, huc/v S = dimensionless centerline velocity gradient, (h/uc)du/dy)c u = velocity in streamwise direction u* = friction velocity, (r^/p) u = dimensionless velocity, ufu* U = relative velocity between planes of the Couette flow system y = coordinate normal to wall y + = dimensionless wall distance, yu*/v z = dimensionless wall distance, y/h 7 = dimensionless ratio of effective to kinematic viscosity p = fluid density T = shear stress v = kinematic viscosity
Calculations of electron-phonon mass correction

Abstract The Animalu-Heine pseudopotential is used to compute the mass correction for several metals. Good agreement is obtained with experimental specific-heat and cyclotron masses when Rice's values for Coulomb corrections are used.
Orthogonality of the characters of Sn

Abstract If the irreducible characters of the symmetric group are interpreted combinatorially using the Murnaghan-Nakayama formula, a sign reversing involution is given which proves the orthogonality formula of the first kind for these characters.
Parenting stress and depression in children with mental retardation and developmental disabilities

Abstract Although many types of behavioral and emotional disorders are prevalent in children with developmental delays, the phenomenology of childhood depression in this population remains poorly understood. This study examined the relationships among symptoms of depression, child problem behaviors, and parenting stress in a sample of 29 children with developmental delays. Results supported the usefulness of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) in assessing depression in these children initially reported by Matson, Barrett, and Helsel (1988). Parent ratings from the CDI were significantly associated with maternal depression, an index of DSM-III-R depression criteria, and negative self-image, anxiety and conduct problems in children. A matched subsample of children (n = 12) with high versus low depression ratings revealed significant differences in total scores from the Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1986) and the index of DSM-III-R depression criteria. Together, these data suggest that children with developmental delays exhibit a similar pattern of symptoms and associated characteristics to those found in normal children with diagnoses of depression.
The corpus luteum-pituitary relationship: A study of the compensatory hypertrophy of the ovary during pseudopregnancy and lactation in the rat.

The growth of an ovary remaining after unilateral ovariectomy was studied in cycling, pseudopregnant and lactating rats. The left ovary was removed in all cases on day 1 of diestrus in the cycling and pseudopregnant rats, and on clay 1 postpartum in the lactating rats; the two former groups were observed up to 14 days postoperatively, the latter until day 20 postpartum. The cyclers' remaining ovaries increased in weight from operation onward. In the pseudopregnant rats there was no significant change in ovarian weight until after the 8th postoperative day, and in the lactators, for the entire observation period. These results were discussed in relation to the suppression of folliculotrophin formation or release during pseudopregnancy and lactation.
Synthesis and characterization of novel chiral [(NHC)Au(I)Cl] complexes: Featuring ortho-biphenyl substituents

Abstract A series of new chiral [(NHC)Au(I)Cl] are synthesized. The chiral NHC ligands feature pairs of ortho-biphenyl groups. The distal phenyl groups of the biphenyl substituents are varied from simple phenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, to 3,5-di-t-butylphenyl. X-Ray structure analysis were performed for two such [(NHC)Au(I)Cl] complexes. High percent buried volumes were calculated for two novel chiral [(NHC)Au(I)Cl]complexes whose structure were solved by an X-ray analysis. The rotational motion in the biphenyl group is slow on the NMR time scale. Rotational barriers were determined using WINDNMR for two of the chiral gold complexes.
Anion adsorption on alumina

Abstract A series of inert metal complex anions with net charges of −1 to −3 have been used to examine the anion adsorption process on alumina. We have found that this process involves the simultaneous coadsorption of both hydrogen ion (from added acid) and complex anion. Adsorption is fast and depends only slightly upon changes in solution ionic strength and complex anion concentration. The adsorption process is also reversible with the addition of base. These findings are interpreted on a molecular level in the following way. A surface-bound hydroxyl group is protonated, thereby creating a positively charged surface group which can bind a complex anion by electrostatic attraction. The addition of base removes the positively charged surface group by reaction with the bound proton and releases the complex anion. This work implies that one may vary a catalyst metal loading simply by controlling the amount of acid present in a preparation where an inert metal complex anion is employed.
Leptin, Fat Mass, and Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Pre- and Postmenopausal Women

The purpose was to examine relationships between age, fat mass, and bone mineral density (BMD) with resting leptin levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Young (aged 18-30 yr, n=30) and estrogen-deficient postmenopausal (aged 55-75 yr, n=43) women were recruited. Total body and segmental fat mass and bone-free lean body mass (BFLBM) and total body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur BMD were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum-resting, fasted leptin levels were measured by Immunoradiometric Assay (IRMA), and leptin-to-fat mass ratios were calculated. Young and older women had similar amounts of BFLBM, but older women had greater (p<0.05) amounts of fat mass and 35% higher leptin levels. Age differences in leptin concentrations were no longer significant after controlling for fat mass. Older women had significantly (p<0.05) lower hip BMD values. Age was negatively related (r=-0.29, p<0.05) to leptin:trunk fat ratio. Increases in fat mass, not menopause per se, contributes to higher leptin levels in older women. Relationships between leptin and BMD may be age dependent.
Large sand waves in Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea

Sand waves are present in the heads of large submarine canyons in the northwestern Bering Sea. They vary in height between 2 to 15 m and have wavelengths of 600 m. They are not only expressed on the seafloor, but are also well defined in the subsurface and resemble enormous climbing bed forms. We conjecture that the sand waves originated during lower stands of sea level in the Pleistocene. Although we cannot explain the mechanics of formation of the sand waves, internal-wave generated currents are among four types of current that could account for these large structures.
Anti-nociception following exposure to trimethylthiazoline, peripheral or intra-amygdala estrogen and/or progesterone

Estradiol (E(2)) and/or progesterone (P) to the amygdala may influence stress-induced analgesia following predator odor, trimethylthiazoline (TMT), exposure. Ovariectomized (ovx) rats were administered subcutaneous (SC) or intra-amygdala vehicle, E(2), P, or E(2)+P. The effects on performance in a test of pain sensitivity, the tailflick task, was observed in animals that experienced an acute exposure to TMT or no odor (control) in a small chamber. Rats that were exposed to TMT had increased tailflick latencies compared to rats not exposed to TMT, this was partially attenuated by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Systemic E(2), P, or E(2)+P increased tailflick latencies compared to vehicle administration to ovx rats. Ovx rats administered E(2)+P to the amygdala had increased tailflick latencies compared to control rats. These data suggest that following exposure to predator odor, pain sensitivity in the tailflick task is decreased and that E(2) and/or P may have actions in the amygdala to produce similar anti-nociceptive effects.
Interleukin-6: molecular pathophysiology.

The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a major systemic alarm signal which appears to be produced by essentially every injured tissue. Recent evidence points to the skin, particularly the injured skin, as one of the major sites of IL-6 production. The hallmark of IL-6 gene regulation is its induction by inflammation-associated cytokines, bacterial products, virus infection, and activation of any of the three major signal transduction pathways (diacylglycerol-, cAMP-, and Ca(++)-activated). Many of these inducers act largely through a 23-bp "multiple-response element" in the IL-6 promoter. Different cell types, including keratinocytes, secrete multiple post-translationally modified forms of IL-6. This cytokine, in turn, plays a key role in activating a variety of local and systemic host defense mechanisms that are aimed at limiting tissue injury. Thus, IL-6 elicits major changes in the biochemical, physiologic, and immunologic status of the host (e.g., the "acute phase" plasma protein response; activation of B, T, and NK-cell function). IL-6 enhances the proliferation of human keratinocytes and of many B-cell lines but inhibits that of certain carcinoma cell lines; nevertheless, IL-6 can enhance the motility of these carcinoma cells. Elevated levels of IL-6 are observed in human body fluids during acute and chronic infections, neoplasia, autoimmune diseases, and psoriasis and following third-degree burns. It is likely that IL-6 produced by cellular elements in the skin represents an important means of communication between the external environment and the millieu interieur.
Towards Realistic Models of Wireless Workload

Performance predictions from wireless networking laboratory experiments rarely seem to match what is seen once technologies are deployed. We believe that one of the major factors hampering researchers' ability to make more reliable forecasts is the inability to generate realistic workloads. To redress this problem, we take a fundamentally new approach to measuring the realism of wireless traffic models. In this approach, the realism of a model is defined directly in terms of how accurately it reproduces the performance characteristics of actual network usage. This cuts through the Gordian knot of deciding which statistical features of traffic traces are significant. We demonstrate that common experimental traffic models, such as uniform constant bit-rate traffic (CBR), drastically misrepresent performance metrics at all levels of the protocol stack. We also define and explore the space of synthetic traffic models, thereby advancing the understanding of how different modeling techniques affect the accuracy of performance predictions. Our research takes initial steps that will ultimately lead to comprehensive, multi-level models of realistic wireless workloads.
Measurement of deuterium-labeled phylloquinone in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Vitamin K is a cofactor necessary for the enzymatic modification of glutamic acid residues to γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues in proteins that have been implicated in hemostasis, bone metabolism, tissue calcification, and cell cycle regulation.1–3 Phylloquinone is the primary dietary source of vitamin K and is present at highest concentrations in green leafy vegetables and certain plant oils.4 The ability to establish dietary recommendations for vitamin K is limited by our inadequate understanding of the metabolic fate of phylloquinone from the diet.5,6 Direct quantification of phylloquinone in plasma is the best indicator of recent dietary intake.7,8 Efforts to collect these data to establish recommendations have been hampered by the difficulty in accurate detection of very low endogenous concentrations in plasma. The ability to administer stable isotope labeled phylloquinone and accurately monitor plasma concentrations would facilitate these determinations. Thus, a sensitive and specific method is required to measure phylloquinone labeled with a stable isotope, such as deuterium, for studies of vitamin K bioavailability. Several techniques are used for the measurement of vitamin K in human plasma. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection after postcolumn reduction of vitamin K is a common method used to quantify plasma phylloquinone.9 The use of stable isotope labeled phylloquinone requires both chromatographic and mass spectrometry techniques to measure the concentration of unlabeled and labeled molecules. Recently, some new techniques, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS),5,6,10–12 liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS),13 and HPLC/tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LC–APCI/MS/MS) have been used to detect vitamin K.14,15 An LC/MS system for the quantitative analysis of 13C-phylloquinone in plasma has also been described. However, it has limited applicability because uniform endogenous labeling of a dietary source of 13C-labeled phylloquinone is very costly.13 Among the methods using GC/MS, technical challenges were reported in plasma samples containing high concentrations of lipophilic compounds (e.g., in nonfasting samples), which precluded the determination of phylloquinone concentrations in these samples.5,6 Enzyme hydrolysis and subsequent derivatization of phylloquinone before analysis were used to resolve this problem.11,12 However, the disadvantages of this approach included the complicated and labor-intensive nature of sample preparation. We also have noted contamination of the cholesterol esterase with phylloquinone (150 pmol of phylloquinone per gram of enzyme powder; unpublished data). In order to study phylloquinone absorption and clearance rates at physiological doses, we have extended the method reported by our group5,6 and developed a specific and sensitive technique to quantify unlabeled and deuterium-labeled phylloquinone in plasma and in lipid plasma fractions using LC–APCI/MS.
SU‐E‐T‐317: The Development of a DIBH Technique for Left Sided Breast Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy Utilizing Varians RPM System in a Community Hospital

Purpose: To develop and implement a Deep Inhalation Breath Hold program (DIBH) for treatment of patients with Left-sided breast cancer in a community hospital. Methods: All patients with left sided breast cancer underwent a screening free breathing CT. Evaluation of the conventional tangent treatment fields and the heart was conducted. If the heart would not be excluded using tangents, the patient then received DIBH breathe coaching. The patients returned for a 4D CT simulation. The patients breathing cycle was monitored using the Varian Real-Time position ManagementTM (RPM) system to assess duration of DIBH, amplitude, phase and recovery time to normal breathing. Then a DIBH CT was obtained at the desired amplitude. Duplicate plans were developed for both free breathing and DIBH on the Eclipse planning system and comparison DVH's were created. The plan that provided the prescribed treatment coverage and the least doses to the OAR (heart, Lt. Lung) was determined. Those patients selected to receive treatment with DIBH were set up for treatment, and breathing was monitored using the RPM system. Practice trials were used to confirm that the amplitude, phase and recovery were consistent with findings from simulation. Results: 10 patients have been treated using the DIBH proceduremore » in our clinic. The DIBH patients had an average increase of 80% lung volume on DIBH, decreased lung volume receiving 50% of the dose, and decreases in the V20 dose. Significant reduction in the maximum and mean dose to the heart, as well as the dose to 1CC of the volume for the DIBH plans. Conclusion: Using the RPM system already available in the clinic, staff training, and patient coaching a simple DIBH program was setup. The use of DIBH has shown promise in reducing doses to the critical organs while maintaining PTV coverage for left sided breast treatments.« less
Newborn Screening by Whole-Genome Sequencing: Ready for Prime Time?

In a recent article in in Science Translational Medicine , Knoppers et al. bring to light issues surrounding a potential shift in newborn screening (NBS)3 programs from biochemical assays to sequencing (1). As the cost of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) falls, genetic testing of all newborns is increasingly a fiscal option. This proposition is exciting, terrifying, or both, depending on your perspective. The initial and current tenant of NBS programs is to benefit the “best interests of the child.” Testing has been intentionally limited to detection of severe health conditions for which early treatment improves morbidity or mortality. Because NBS is currently well accepted by society as being fully for the well-being of the child and the family, testing is completed with no explicit consent from parents. If this testing is expanded to WGS, however, studies show that some parents may …
Langdon Cheves and the Panic of 1819: A Reassessment

Langdon Cheves's role as president of the Second Bank of the United States (1819–1822) warrants reassessment. First, he did not save the bank from threatened failure, since it was, in truth, already sound. Second, he was irresponsible in accumulating huge excess reserves during the depression year of 1820; reserves estimated here as sufficient to support an increase of up to 17 percent in the volume of notes and deposits in the U.S. money supply.
Cloning, expression and crystallization of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase (PYNP) from B. stearothermophilus has been cloned and purified for crystallization. Crystals of a potential protein–inhibitor complex have been prepared by co-crystallization techniques using the substrate analog pseudouridine. These crystals provide good-quality diffraction images to 2.7 A and belong to space group P21. The asymmetric unit contains the dimer structure of PYNP with unit-cell parameters a = 53.9, b = 71.9, c = 123.3 A and β = 96.9°.
The facilitative effects of heart-rate feedback in the emotional processing of claustrophobic fear.

This study examines predictions derived from Foa and Kozak's theory of emotional processing. We hypothesized that the provision of heart-rate feedback would facilitate emotional processing through a fuller activation of the participant's fear structure, and by focusing participants' attention on information that is incompatible with the fear structure, i.e., the interoceptive pattern of habituation. Nonclinical students (N = 54) showing marked claustrophobic fear received 30 min of self-directed exposure to a claustrophobic chamber. Three exposure conditions (heart-rate feedback, paced-tone control, and exposure only control) were examined across six 5-min exposure trials. Participants receiving heart-rate feedback displayed greater between-trial habituation across treatment trials and lower levels of fear at post-treatment. Treatment process findings failed to support the fear activation hypothesis. Implications of the findings for theories of fear reduction are discussed.
Kinetic analysis of the disproportionation of aqueous glyoxal

Rates of disproportionation of 0.015–0.4 mM aqueous glyoxal toglycolic acid were measured at 0.24–75 mM NaOH and constant ionic strength, leading to the empirical rate expression r = (a1[OH−] + a2[OH−]2) [GT]/(1 + a3[OH−]), where [GT] is the total glyoxal concentration. These results were confirmed in bicarbonate/carbonate buffer and at 2–20 mM [GT]. The rate form is in contradiction to earlier work on glyoxal, which suggested a second-order dependence on [OH−], but agrees with the rate equation for phenylglyoxal disproportionation. The kinetic data can be explained by a mechanism postulating the presence of monohydrated and dihydrated forms of glyoxal in equilibrium, with the rate-limiting steps being intramolecular hydride ion transfers to the unhydrated carbonyl carbon of the mono- and divalent anions of glyoxal monohydrate.
Determinants of reliance: An empirical test of the theory of technology dominance

Abstract Intelligent decision aids (IDAs) offer tremendous potential for the accounting profession. The benefits of IDA use include improved decision quality, the reduction of decision bias, knowledge transfer, and the capture of experience in a permanent form. Unfortunately, the reality of IDAs has fallen short of the promise. Novice users lack the experience to interact correctly with IDAs while experienced users frequently refuse to use or rely on IDA recommendations. Accounting researchers have identified numerous variables that may enhance or impede the interactions between a user and an IDA. However, a general theory of the determinants of reliance has not emerged. Arnold and Sutton [Arnold V, Sutton SG. The theory of technology dominance: understanding the impact of intelligent decision aids on decision-makers' judgments. Adv Account Behav Res 1998;1;175–94] review, combine, and synthesize the accounting decision aid research to produce the Theory of Technology Dominance (TTD). The TTD consists of two separate sets of propositions linked by reliance. The first set of propositions suggest that reliance will occur under the following two conditions: 1) when user experience is low, and 2) when user experience is high and task complexity, IDA familiarity, and cognitive fit are simultaneously high. The research presented in this paper tests the reliance propositions. Support is found for the overall model and for the individual effects of task experience, task complexity, and cognitive fit. However, IDA familiarity did not emerge as a key determinant of reliance. The implications of these results are discussed along with avenues for future research and implications for use of decision aids in accounting practice.
Inactivation of erythropoietin by Koshland's tryptophan reagent and by membrane filtration

Abstract 1. 1. Reaction with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide ( Koshland 's reagent) inactivates human and rabbit erythropoietin. Fifteen amino acids and two hexosamines are found unchanged but most of the tryptophan is missing in the reacted erythropoietin. It is probable that one or more intact tryptophan moieties are obligatory for the biological activity. 2. 2. There are great losses when mg quantities of erythropoietin are filtered through Millipore membranes. Protein relatively rich in tryptophan along with the activity appears to be selectively held on the membrane. Selas Flotronics membranes (made of silver) cause almost no loss of activity and are therefore preferable for sterilization of small amounts of erythropoietin, as in cell culture experiments. 3. 3. Human urinary erythropoietin reacts with anti-human albumin serum but differs from albumin by carbohydrate components (hexoses, hexosamines and sialic acid) linked to the protein. Since the tryptophan content of the erythropoietin is higher than that of albumin the immunological reaction cannot be due to albumin which by linkage with carbohydrates has acquired erythropoietin character.
Exploiting Differential Surface Display of Chondroitin Sulfate Variants for Directing Neuronal Outgrowth

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans (CSPGs) are known to be primary inhibitors of neuronal regeneration at scar sites. However, a variety of CSPGs are also involved in neuronal growth and guidance during other physiological stages. Sulfation patterns of CS chains influence their interactions with various growth factors in the central nervous system (CNS), thus influencing neuronal growth, inhibition, and pathfinding. This report demonstrates the use of differentially sulfated CS chains for neuronal navigation. Surface-immobilized patterns of CS glycosaminoglycan chains were used to determine neuronal preference toward specific sulfations of five CS variants: CS-A, CS-B (dermatan sulfate), CS-C, CS-D, and CS-E. Neurons preferred CS-A, CS-B, and CS-E and avoided CS-C containing lanes. In addition, significant alignment of neurites was observed using underlying lanes containing CS-A, CS-B, and CS-E chains. To utilize differential preference of neurons toward the CS variants, a binary combinations of CS ch...
SELF‐REPORT AND INTERVIEW MEASURES OF CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENT DEPRESSION

Childhood and adolescent depression has received increased attention in recent years, both in clinical research and practice. Evaluation of depression has been facilitated by the emergence of several self-report and interview measures designed to assess severity of depression. The present paper reviews these measures, including their characteristics, advantages and limitations. Salient considerations raised by current measures include inconsistencies in the range of symptoms they encompass, potential limitations of self-report, influences of age and age-related variables, and reliability of the measures. The validity of alternative measures is reviewed by examining the extent to which criteria for construct, content, criterion, convergent and discriminant validation are met. Recommendations are provided for areas of research to further validate measures of depression for children and adolescents.
A critical evaluation of the double cup extrusion test for selection of cold forging lubricants

Abstract The performance evaluation of cold forging lubricants and coatings as well as determination of the friction coefficients is necessary for production as well as finite element (FE) simulations. The double cup extrusion test (DCET) has been widely used to evaluate cold forging lubricants, since it was believed to accurately emulate the practical conditions (severity of deformation and surface expansion) found in most cold forging applications. However, recent research and previous studies using finite element (FE) simulation as well as experiments indicated that the interface pressure conditions and surface generation in the DCET may not be comparable to those found in cold forging. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the DCET by studying the influence of various geometrical and process parameters on the cup height ratio and contact pressure at the tool–workpiece interface. Based on this evaluation, recommendations are made on how to re-design the DCET and make it more sensitive to changes in interface friction.
Ancylostoma caninum: fine structure of intestinal epithelium

Abstract A study of the ultrastructure of the intestine of Ancyclostoma caninum reveals several new features: The presence of glycogen, the presence of intramitochondrial crystalloids, the fine structure of pigment granules, and the differences between mid- and hindgut. Each intestinal cell is differentiated into five zones: The striated border, the terminal web, the central zone, the reticular zone, and the basal lamina. The central zone contains the majority of organelles and inclusions. These include mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complexes, lysosome-like granules, pigment and glycogen granules. Numerous pigment granules and many mitochondrial crystalloids are observed in the anterior portion of midgut. The posterior midgut and hindgut are rich in ribosomes and lysosome-like granules, but contain few or no pigment granules. These differences may reflect a functional differentiation between mid- and hindgut. Pigment granules are polymorphic and are of three types. The predominant type in the anterior midgut has a perforated shell and a dense amorphous core. A few exhibit concentric lamination and a lesser number have a particulate structure. Their polymorphism suggests that they are in a dynamic state, and may change from type to type.
Energy efficiency of a per-hop relay selection scheme for sensor networks using cooperative MIMO

The energy efficiencies of cooperative Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) schemes are analysed in the context of dense multi-hop wireless sensor networks. The framework of per-hop relay selection is employed, which decides on the next-hop relay based on a metric that captures the trade-off between the performance and the energy cost. Such a framework makes the analysis tractable and suggests a practical way to implement opportunistic cross-layer routing with physical layer adaptation. A few representative cooperative MIMO transmission schemes such as spatial multiplexing, Alamouti coding and selection diversity are analysed as well as an adaptive scheme that switches the transmission strategy based on channel conditions. Simulation results reveal that the cooperative MIMO schemes achieve significant performance enhancement over the Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) scheme when the circuit power consumption is small compared to the transmit power. However, when the circuit power consumption is not negligible compared to the transmit power, the cooperative MIMO may not be energy efficient in the cross-layer setting compared to the SISO scheme.
Delamination, colloidal dispersion and reassembly of alkylamine intercalated graphite oxide in alcohols

Alkylamine intercalated graphite oxide delaminates to give colloidal dispersion in alcohols. Colloidal dispersion of the alkylamine intercalated GO increases with increase in chain length of the alcohols. The colloidal dispersions comprise of independent layers. The layers from these colloidal dispersions could be reassembled by evaporation or coagulation using acetone to form the parent layered solid. Layers from colloidal dispersions of two different alkylamine intercalated GO could be coassembled to get a solid in which the two different layers were stacked randomly. GO-bentonite composite could be obtained by a coassembly of layers from the colloidal dispersions of GO-amine and cetyl trimethyl ammonium intercalated bentonite.
Hailstone Shape Factor and Its Relation to Radar Interpretation of Hail

Abstract The shape factor of hailstones, defined as the ratio of their long and short axes (m′/m), has been measured for hailstones from three geographical areas: northeastern Colorado, central Oklahoma and central Alberta. The results show a general tendency toward decreasing sphericity with increasing size and are different for different areas. The results are relevant to remote hail sensing by radar techniques utilizing polarization.
The Structure and Mesoscale Organization of Precipitating Stratocumulus

Abstract Large-eddy simulations are used to explore the structure and mesoscale organization of precipitating stratocumulus. The simulations incorporate a simple, two-moment, bulk representation of microphysical processes, which by varying specified droplet concentrations allows for comparisons of simulations that do and do not develop precipitation. The boundary layer is represented over a large (25.6 km × 25.6 km) horizontal domain using a relatively fine mesh, thereby allowing for the development of mesoscale circulations while retaining an explicit representation of cloud radiative, dynamical and microphysical interactions on scales much smaller than the dominant eddy scale. Initial conditions are based on measurements made as part of the Second Dynamics and Chemistry of the Marine Stratocumulus field study (DYCOMS-II). The simulations show that precipitation is accompanied by sharp reductions in cloudiness and changes in flow topology. Mesoscale features emerge in all of the simulations but are ampli...
Regional hydrogeology of the Silurian and Ordovician sedimentary rock underlying Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada

Abstract Due to concern over the potential for widespread groundwater contamination in the sedimentary rock underlying the Niagara Falls area, this study was done to investigate the hydrogeology of the Silurian and Ordovician stratigraphy underlying the Upper Niagara River and the Eastern Niagara Peninsula. Seven boreholes (up to 150 m deep) were drilled, instrumented with multiple packer casing, tested for permeability, sampled for inorganic and organic solutes and monitored for hydraulic head to provide data for a conceptual model of regional groundwater flow. Results show that there are at least three distinct groundwater flow regimes in the bedrock. The uppermost regime consists of fracture zones in the Guelph and Lockport Formations, within which hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic head measurements and geochemical analyses indicate active groundwater circulation primarily discharging towards the Niagara Gorge and Escarpment. Underlying the Lockport Formation are an overpressured (high hydraulic head) regime in the Clinton-Upper Cataract-Lower Queenston Formation and an underpressured (low hydraulic head) regime in the Lower Cataract-Upper Queenston Formation. In both regimes, geochemical analyses and permeability measurements indicate very old and saline groundwater which probably has undergone minimal migration since pre-Pleistocene time. The implication based on the study so far, is that potential groundwater contamination below the bottom of the Lockport Formation is probably not significant in the Niagara Falls area except adjacent to the Niagara Gorge where vertical permeability in the lower flow regimes may be enhanced.
De novo inverted tandem duplication of the short arm of chromosome 12 in a patient with microblepharon.

We present a patient with a de novo inverted duplication of nearly the entire short arm of chromosome 12 [inv dup(12)(p13.3p12)], which was characterized using GTG-banding and spectral karyotyping. The patient was noted to have microblepharon, which has not been previously described in children with a similar chromosomal rearrangement. This patient represents one of the few examples of complete and pure trisomy 12p due to inverted duplication of the short arm of chromosome 12 and expands the clinical spectrum.
Analyses of Archival Data for Cool Dwarfs. VI. The 1993 Versions of the Temperature and [Fe/H] Catalogs

This paper contains supplements to two catalogs which have previously been published by the author. One of the supplements updates a catalog of temperatures for FGK dwarfs (see Taylor 1994b). The other supplement updates a catalog of averaged values of [Fe/H] for the same stars (see Taylor 1994d). The combined catalogs and supplements include values of [Fe/H] published through the end of 1993. Detailed instructions are given for catalog users, including an algorithm for adding data to the [Fe/H] catalog. For recent sources of [Fe/H] which require comment, discussions of issues such as data editing and zero-pint corrections are given. A review is also given of a problem described by Gray (1994), who finds that his spectroscopic temperatures and photometric temperatures from Paper II scatter more around their mean relation than one would expect from the contributing rms errors. It is found that near-Sun reddening (which is Gray's preferred solution of the problem) is not a defensible explanation for this scatter. For the moment, the real source of the scatter remains unknown.
A vhs-like activity of bovine herpesvirus-1.

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) is a major pathogen of cattle, causing significant disease including immunosuppression in infected animals. In vitro, the surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, crucial for an appropriate anti-viral immune response of the host, is down-regulated by BHV-1 infection. Northern blot analyses revealed that the mRNAs for MHC class I and class II molecules were significantly down-regulated in BHV-1 infected cells, starting as early as 2 h after infection. Furthermore, mRNA expression of the two house keeping genes actin and glyceraldehyde-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was also repressed after infection. This BHV-1 induced effect on cellular metabolism resembled the virion host shutoff (vhs) activity of herpes simplex virus (HSV). Similar to the HSV vhs activity, the putative BHV-1 vhs activity was not abrogated in cells infected in the presence of actinomycin D (ActD) which suggested that no viral gene expression is required for the vhs function and the putative vhs protein is associated with the virion. Sequence comparison indicated a BHV-1 open reading frame having a 60% similarity to the HSV vhs sequence. This putative BHV-1 open reading frame contained the four conserved regions of the alphaherpesvirus vhs protein. Since an HSV vhs-mutant exhibited less virulence and good immunogenicity, we suggest that a BHV-1 vhs− mutant may hold promising potential as a candidate vaccine.
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE DIFFUSIVITY OF RED DELICIOUS APPLE TISSUES BY THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT Moisture diffusivity is an important parameter needed in the analysis, design and optimization of drying processes for food and other materials. Published data on moisture diffusivities of food materials are scarce and, sometimes, inconsistent due to a lack of a precise and repeatable experimental technique. Most experimental data are limited to low and moderate drying temperature (<70°C), whereas in the food industry hot air of up to 100°C is usually used in the falling rate period to speed up the drying processes. In this study, the effective moisture diffusivities of Red Delicious apple tissues were determined from drying curves produced with a Perkin Elmer thermogravimetric analyzer, using the slope method. The experiments were conducted at lour temperatures 60, 80, 100 and 120°C. Two well defined falling rate periods were observed. The effective moisture diffusivity, for the four temperature levels ranged from 3.2 × 10−7 to 7.9 × 10−8 m2/s for the first falling rate period and 3.8 × 10−8 to ...
Multi-Time-Delay LSE-POD Complementary Approach Applied to Wake Flow Behind a Bluff Body

An understanding of the near wake dynamics of a bluff body is desired to better link base drag reduction observed on these bodies with the coherent structures in the wake. This investigation explores different Linear Stochastic Estimation-Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (LSE-POD) methods that can be employed to estimate the dynamics of the energy containing structure. Statistically independent two-dimensional PIV measurements and time-resolved surface pressure measurements are used to determine spatial POD modes and LSE coefficients for estimating the time-varying POD coefficients using measured surface pressures. These results are used with the time-resolved surface pressure measurements to estimate the time-varying POD coefficients that may be used for a low-order, time-resolved reconstruction of the flow field. The multi-time LSE approach formulated in the time domain (multi-time-delay LSE) is found to be successful in capturing the important near wake dynamics.Copyright © 2007 by ASME