cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of micro- and meiofaunal abundance in marine sediments, measured with the adenosine triphosphate assay

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) measurements are used to determine vertical and seasonal distributions of microorganisms and meiofauna in sediments from a 14 m-deep mud bottom in central Long Island Sound on 12 sampling dates from April 1975 to October 1976. Below the topmost 1 cm of sediment, ATP measurements can be useful in estimating and comparing standing stocks of microorganisms and meiofauna. In the top 1 cm, however, large quantities of newly settled bivalves (Yoldia limatula, Nucula annulata, and Mulinia lateralis) and juvenile polychaetes (Owenia fusiformis) in summer and fall months account for total ATP concentrations. The ATP content of individual meiofauna ranges from 1.97 ng individual copepod nauplius-1 to 190.7±60 ng individual M. lateralis-1. In general, the total ATP content of individual polychaetes and bivalves is much higher than that of individuals of other groups. However, on a mg ATP per g wet or dry tissue basis, the ATP content of micro- and meiofaunal taxa are not significantly different. In addition to providing a means for comparing micro- and meiofaunal standing stocks, ATP measurements permit examination of the relative contribution of different meiofauna to the total living biomass of meiofauna in sediments. Total sediment ATP concentrations are greatest in the top 1 cm at all seasons, and decrease with increasing depth in the sediment. Annual concentrations in the topmost centimeter average 4.22 μg g dry sediment-1 and range seasonally from 1.09 to 7.64 μg g dry sediment-1. At a depth of 10 cm, values average 0.16 and range from 0.019 to 0.35 μg g dry sediment-1. High ATP concentrations in surface sediment reflect high concentrations of microorganisms and meiofauna at the sediment-water interface. The top 2 cm of sediment contain 71% of all meiofauna, with 41% occurring in the topmost cm. In general, densities are lowest in the winter and highest during the spring and summer, averaging 490 individuals 10 cm-2, and varying from 87 to 1366 individuals 10 cm-2. Because of wide variation in recruitment patterns of the benthos in Long Island Sound, the extremes of the range in meiofaunal densities can be observed in the same month in two different years. In order to monitor and compare standing stocks of organisms less than 1 mm in size in sediments, the ATP assay can save hours of processing time compared with alternate methods such as direct counts.
Education, glucose control, and mortality risks among U.S. older adults with diabetes.

Abstract Aims Studies have shown that diabetes mellitus disproportionately afflicts persons of low socioeconomic status and that the burden of disease is greatest among the disadvantaged. However, our understanding of educational differences in the control of diabetes and its impact on survival is limited. This study investigated the associations among education, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and subsequent mortality in adults with diabetes. Methods Prospective cohort data from the 2006, 2008, and 2010 Health and Retirement Study were linked with biomarker data for U.S. older adults with diabetes (n = 3312). Weighted distributions were estimated for all subjects at baseline and by the American Diabetes Association's general guidelines for HbA1c control ( Results Mortality risks associated with HbA1c ≥ 7.0% [53 mmol/mol] were significantly greater in lower-educated adults than higher-educated adults (P Conclusions Educational differences in HbA1c control have significant implications for mortality and efforts to reduce these disparities should involve more vigilant screening and monitoring of lower-educated adults with diabetes.
Magnetoelectronic effects in pyrochlore Tl 2 Mn 2 O 7 : Role of Tl-O covalency

First principles calculations are used to elucidate the magnetic and electronic structure of pyrochlore ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}$ ${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ . It is found that the bonding has an important covalent contribution from Tl-O interactions. The high spin ferromagnetic ground state has a very large differentiation between minority and majority spin electronic properties. In particular, the minority spin channel contains a single, nearly spherical high velocity Fermi surface derived from strongly mixed combinations of Tl, Mn, and O orbitals, while the majority spin channel contains three smaller Fermi surfaces with much lower Fermi velocities. The proximity to a band edge in the majority channel may lead to localization of these states if sufficient disorder is present. In any case, highly spin differentiated transport results, with the conduction dominated by the minority channel.
Application of the Tammann-Tait-Gibson model to aqueous solvent molar volume isotope effects in electrolyte solutions

Abstract Solvent isotope effects on apparent and partial molar volumes in rmH 2 D 2 O electrolyte solutions are rationalized in terms of the Tammann-Tait-Gibson model using as input information known isotope effects on the compressibility and molar volume of the pure solvents, and results of compressibility measurements on H 2 O solutions.
Childhood competence and autonomy.

FAMILY autonomy and children's rights issues involve subtle empirical and moral problems. The empirical issues relate to childhood judgmental capacities both in general and in specific contexts. The moral issues are wide-ranging and relate to some of the most fundamental issues in moral philosophy and social policy. While the impetus for much of the social interest in children's rights issues is the depressing statistic of child abuse and neglect, the continuous rethinking of social relationships in general and a concern for social justice have also contributed to the intensity of the debate and the range of the alternatives proposed. Legal and social institutions are increasingly integrating children's expressions of their preferences into the catalog of interests that institutions take as carrying weight.' This reflects a reevaluation of the child's social status as something more than an extension of parental interests. While this reevaluation is commendable, it calls into question the place of the child in the family-the child's primary environment. In what follows I want to focus on the relationship between parents and children, especially pre-adolescent and early adolescent children. The particular points I wish to develop can be summarized as follows: There is apparently good evidence that the judgmental capacities of children through age fourteen suffer biases that are significant and germane to autonomy issues; however, such biases have no immediate public policy implications because we lack a precise theory supporting any baseline
Protective role for the disulfide isomerase PDIA3 in methamphetamine neurotoxicity

Methamphetamine abuse continues to be a worldwide problem, damaging the individual user as well as society. Only minimal information exists on molecular changes in the brain that result from methamphetamine administered in patterns typical of human abusers. In order to investigate such changes, we examined the effect of methamphetamine on the transcriptional profile in brains of monkeys. Gene expression profiling of caudate and hippocampus identified protein disulfide isomerase family member A3 (PDIA3) to be significantly up-regulated in the animals treated with methamphetamine as compared to saline treated control monkeys. Methamphetamine treatment of mice also increased striatal PDIA3 expression. Treatment of primary striatal neurons with methamphetamine revealed an up-regulation of PDIA3, showing a direct effect of methamphetamine on neurons to increase PDIA3. In vitro studies using a neuroblastoma cell line demonstrated that PDIA3 expression protects against methamphetamine-induced cell toxicity and methamphetamine-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, revealing a neuroprotective role for PDIA3. The current study implicates PDIA3 to be an important cellular neuroprotective mechanism against a toxic drug, and as a potential target for therapeutic investigations.
Trends in Aggregate‐Level Political Alienation*

This study identifies several distinct types of political alienation—including efficacy and trust—by observing their different relationships to the causes and consequences of alienation. In general...
Is mystical experience everywhere the same

The belief that mystical experience, or that some especially important variety thereof, is everywhere the same, regardless of the idiosyncracies of the individual mystic or of his individual cultural tradition, has been tacitly presupposed, dogmatically asserted, or explicitly argued for in much scholarly and popular literature on mysticism. Recently, Steven T. Katz, in an article entitled 'Language, Epistemology and Mysticism, '1 has attempted to show this belief false.
cDNA Cloning of the Rat IGF I Receptor: Structural Analysis of Rat and Human IGF I and Insulin Receptors Reveals Differences in Alternative Splicing and Receptor-Specific Domain Conservation

IGF I and insulin receptors are homologous proteins that function in distinct physiological pathways. To define domains that might contribute to differences between IGF I and insulin receptors, we cloned the rat IGF I receptor cDNA and performed a comparative sequence analysis of specific functional domains in the two receptor types of rats and humans. Since alternative splicing has been shown to alter the activities of both IGF I and insulin receptors, we also examined the mRNA splicing patterns of the two receptors. The C-terminal region exhibits the lowest degree of amino acid homology between rat and human IGF I receptors (85%) and the tyrosine kinase domain the highest homology (98%). In the region corresponding to the CAG+/-alternative splicing site of the human IGF I receptor, a nucleotide change in the rat eliminates the alternative acceptor splice site. The rat IGF I receptor has no equivalent to the alternatively spliced exon 11 of the insulin receptor. The IGF I and insulin receptors are highly homologous in the tyrosine kinase domain (84%), but differ markedly in other specific regions (e.g., 22-26% homology in the transmembrane domain, 45% homology in the C-terminal domain). We speculate that these regions of divergent sequence may have roles in determining distinct signaling properties of IGF I and insulin receptors.
The effects of semantic grouping on visual search

This paper reports on work-in-progress to better understand how users visually interact with hierarchically organized semantic information. Experimental reaction time and eye movement data are reported that give insight into strategies people employ while searching visual layouts containing words that are either grouped by category (i.e. semantically cohesive) or randomly grouped. Additionally, sometimes the category labels of the cohesive groups are displayed as part of the group. Preliminary results suggest that: (a) When groups are cohesive, people tend to search labeled and unlabeled layouts similarly. (b) People seem to trust the categorical information of labels more than non-labels. This work will be used to extend current computational models of visual search to better predict users visual interaction with interfaces.
Birational Morphisms of Rational Surfaces

Abstract A fairly complete characterization on anticanonical rational surfaces of the divisor classes whose sections define birational morphisms is given. Most results are proven over an algebraically closed field of arbitrary characteristic.
Diagrammatic representation of photon echoes and other laser-induced ordering processes in gases

A simple diagrammatic approach to the description of laser-induced macroscopic ordering processes in gases is developed. We derive a set of simple rules which can be used to construct diagrams---each of which represents the macroscopic properties of a gaseous sample after it has been excited by a particular sequence of short, resonant, laser-excitation pulses. The features of the diagrams which signify various forms of laser-induced macroscopic ordering, e.g., photon echoes, grating echoes, stimulated echoes, standing-wave echoes, trilevel echoes, nonthermal velocity distributions, etc., are discussed. Important differences between the actions of traveling-wave and standing-wave excitation pulses are pointed out. The diagrammatic technique presented here for gases can easily be generalized to describe laser-induced macroscopic ordering in solids as well.
Colecistectomía laparoscópica por puerto umbilical asistido

Introduccion: La cirugia laparoscopica evoluciona hacia tecnicas menos invasivas, entre ellas la cirugia por puerto unico umbilical, con mayor beneficio estetico. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar los resultados de una tecnica en colecistectomias laparoscopicas por puerto umbilical asistido por segundo puerto. La hipotesis planteada es que la tecnica descrita es sencilla, segura y con beneficio estetico similar al puerto unico umbilical. Pacientes y Metodos: Tecnica quirurgica realizada prospectivamente en una serie de 60 pacientes ASA I y ASA II con consentimiento informado. Se incluye colecistolitiasis, polipos, colecistitis aguda y cronica. Se excluye cancer vesicular y coledocolitiasis. No se excluyeron casos por complejidad tecnica o IMC. Se insertan 2 trocares de trabajo de 10 y 5 mm por incision transumbilical y trocar de 5 mm en fosa iliaca derecha para optica frontal de 0°. Resultados: Tiempo operatorio promedio de 72 minutos, mediana de 60 y extremos de 35 y 165. Tuvieron hospitalizacion de 24 horas 57 pacientes (95%). Hubo 2 conversiones a cirugia abierta por dificil diseccion del pediculo y un caso requirio trocar adicional. Hubo 3 complicaciones: un seroma de ombligo, una bilirragia por conducto de Luschka manejado conservadoramente y 1 estenosis de via biliar postoperatoria a 4 meses, con reparacion quirurgica. Conclusiones: La colecistectomia lapa-roscopica por puerto umbilical asistida, logra resultados exitosos y con similares ventajas esteticas que el puerto unico. El bajo costo de nuestra tecnica permite realizarla en hospitales publicos y centros privados con menores recursos.
Quantum dot‐tagged microspheres for fluid‐based DNA microarrays

Quantum dot-embedded microspheres offer a promising technology for the development of a fluid-based DNA microarray to replace current biochip microarray technology. The narrow emission and long lifetime from the quantum dots (QD's) is ideal for dense spectral multiplexing. Also, the QD's may all be excited by a single source. To implement this solution, we have fabricated CdSe quantum dots following published procedures and embedded them in polystyrene microspheres. As a first step in this development, we have investigated the use of a flow cytometer in analyzing the encoded microspheres. We demonstrate the use of a microsphere-based DNA detection system and investigate the readout of quantum dot-tagged microspheres. We also discuss some of the inherent limitations and difficulties of using such a system to address the need for a high-throughput readout for spectral multiplexing for fluid-based DNA microarrays.
Performance effects of Trombe wall control strategies

Abstract Trombe wall performance is analyzed for a variety of control strategies in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Santa Maria, California and Madison Wisconsin. Controls were considered in both the presence and absence of backup energy. The analysis was performed using hourly simulations on Solmet weather data in a thermal network model. Sensitivity of the results to wall thickness and size, building azimuth and house insulation levels is computed. Proper controls were found to reduce backup requirements as much as 50 per cent. Alternatively, they appear to provide equivalent solar fractions with thinner and smaller walls. Finally, in the absence of backup energy, proper controls on thin walls provide better performance than standard walls of double thickness. The results given in this paper are based entirely on computer simulations and are therefore intended to enhance the reader's insight into the Trombe Wall control problem. Efforts are underway to verify the major conclusions in test structures and real houses.
In vitro eye-blink reflex model: role of excitatory amino acids and labeling of network activity with sulforhodamine.

Evidence is presented suggesting that the neural correlate of the eye-blink reflex can be evoked in an in vitro brainstem-cerebellum preparation from the turtle by using electrical rather than natural stimulation of cranial nerve inputs. Abducens nerve discharge is triggered by brief electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral trigeminal nerve. This discharge corresponds behaviorally to EMG recordings of extraocular muscles and eye retraction recorded in situ, in a reduced preparation. The abducens nerve discharge has two components: a short-duration response having a latency of 3–6 ms and a duration of 50-100 ms, followed by a long-duration component having a latency of 12–20 ms and a duration of several seconds. The long-duration component of the reflex is blocked by the NMDA receptor antagonist APV, while both reflex responses are blocked by the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX. To visualize the spatial distribution of activity during the abducens nerve reflex, bath application of the activity-dependent dye sulforhodamine was used. During reflex activity, neurons in the ipsilateral trigeminal nucleus, principal abducens nucleus, and presumed interneurons ventrolateral to the principal abducens nucleus, labeled with the dye, in addition to areas in the raphe nucleus and reticular formation. In conditions where the long-duration component of the reflex was suppressed, sulforhodamine label was absent in the principal abducens nucleus and in the caudal brainstem. From these data it is hypothesized that the region of interneurons and the accessory abducens nucleus participate in the short-duration component of the reflex. This response is mediated by non-NMDA receptors. The principal abducens nucleus is postulated to contribute also to the short-duration portion of the reflex, but is primarily involved in the generation of the long-duration component. This component of the reflex is mediated principally by NMDA receptors. Sustained reflex activity is further postulated to originate from recurrent excitation in pathways within the caudal brainstem, particularly the reticular formation. This interpretation is consistent with the observed patterns of sulforhodamine label, the effects of local microinjections of APV, and the elimination of sustained activity when the caudal brainstem is transected. These data have implications for pathways that may underlie conditioning of the eye-blink response.
How to Make Research Happen: Working with Staff

Implementing a research project in a clinical nursing unit requires the researcher to gain cooperation and support from administration, physicians, and the nursing staff. In this article the site coordinators from the Transition of the Preterm Infant to an Open Crib research‐utilization project share their strategies for generating support, energizing the staff nurses, assuring compliance with the study, resolving problems, and bringing the project to closure. Many of the strategies used can be applied to other research projects by nurse researchers interested in using clinical nursing units as research sites.
Phase and tension behavior of water, carbon dioxide, and decane: Comparison of a lattice-gas model and the Peng-Robinson equation

Abstract We compare phase behavior and surface tension predictions of the Kleintjens-Koningsveld (KK) equation of state, a lattice-gas model, with those of the Peng-Robinson (PR) equation, a van der Waals-like model. The KK equation, with parameters fitted to data, predicts accurately the vapor pressures, liquid-vapor coexistence densities, and the surface tensions of H 2 O, CO 2 , and n-decane. The PR equation performs equally well for vapor pressures and tensions, but not for the saturated liquid densities.
Localization effects in the elastic scattering of light from a randomly rough surface

The diffuse scattering of light from a randomly rough surface is calculated for the case in which this scattering is accompanied by the resonant excitation of surface polaritons. In these calculations the light is incident normally upon the plane of the mean surface. The diffuse scattering is shown to exhibit intensity maxima in the antispecular direction, owing to the localization of surface polaritons. These maxima are smaller for s to s, s to p, and p to s scattering than for p to p scattering. Two calculations are presented: one in which dielectric losses are large compared with the attenuation of surface polaritons that is due to the roughness and one in which dielectric losses are small compared with other mechanisms of attenuation. Both calculations proceed by diagrammatic expansions that take into account the diagrams responsible for localization phenomena. The surface roughness is considered to be weak enough that such perturbation techniques are applicable.
On the universe, disjointness, and containment problems for simple machines

consider counter machines, which are nondeterministic one-way finite automata augmented with one counter, where at each step the counter can be incremented by 1, decremented by 1, or left unchanged, and can be tested for zero. Acceptance is by accepting state. We show that there is a fixed nondeterministic real-time (i.e., no @e-move) 1-reversal counter machine A (once the counter decrements it can no longer increment) such that it is undecidable to determine, given an arbitrary positive integer d, whether A"d (which is A with initial counter value d) accepts all strings. then strengthen the above result by showing that it also holds when A's counter is partially blind in that it cannot be tested for zero (the machine aborts when there is an attempt to decrement the counter when it is zero), and the only condition for acceptance is for the counter to be zero when the input head falls off the right end of the input. We assume that on every input x for which d>=|x|, the counter is initially set to |x|. (We make this assumption since, otherwise, A"d cannot be both real-time and satisfy the zero-counter requirement for acceptance.) We also prove a similar result for partially blind 2-head nondeterministic finite automata. ally, we sharpen the well-known results that the disjointness and containment problems for deterministic pushdown automata are undecidable.
A Convenient Method for the Conversion of Amines to Carbamates

Abstract Treatment of primary or secondary amines with bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide followed by addition of methyl, vinyl, or 2,2,2-trichloroethyl chloroformate provides a convenient method for the preparation of the corresponding carbamates.
The lion's roar on the wheel-turning king: A response to Andrew Huxley's ‘The Buddha and the Social Contract’

I imagine most journal articles, if not quite falling still-born from the press like Hume’s Treutise, don’t have much of a lifetime. One might say of their writers, as Samuel Beckett said of humanity, ‘They give birth astride a grave, the light gleams for an instant, then it’s night once more’. In ‘The Discourse on What is Primary’ (= DWP), published in vol. 21 pp. 301-93 of this journal, I struggled to bring forth what I thought was a reasonable argument for accepting the conventional attribution to the Aggaiikz Suttcz (= AS) of a Social Contract theory, given a specific analysis of what such a contract meant. Now Andrew Huxley plays the Beckettian midwife: ‘Astride of a grave and a difficult birth. Down in the hole, l~ge~ngly, the grave-digger puts on the forceps’. Well, I’ll let the idea die, but I want a gravestone on which is written, in flashing neon lights: No More Social Contract Talk!
Prosaptide™ D5 reverses hyperalgesia: inhibition of calcium channels through a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein mechanism in the rat

Abstract A retro-inverso 11-mer peptidomimetic of prosaposin, Prosaptide™ D5, induced neurite outgrowth in NS20Y neuroblastoma cells and enhanced [ 35 S]GTPγS binding to rat synaptosomal membrane at low nanomolar concentrations similar to prosaposin. Intramuscular injection of D5 ameliorated thermal hyperalgesia in the Seltzer rat model of neuropathic pain, returning paw withdrawal latency to control levels within 3 h after treatment. The effect was sustained for at least 48 h after injection. Prosaposin and D5 inhibited K + -stimulated synaptosomal 45 Ca 2+ uptake similar to ω-conotoxin MVIIC, demonstrating that both effectors modulated voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC); inhibition was largely abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin before D5 treatment. The results suggest a mechanism whereby VDCC are modulated by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled receptor; D5 binds to this receptor and thereby ameliorates hyperalgesia in the Seltzer model of neuropathic pain.
Identification of a structural requirement for thyroid Na+/I− symporter (NIS) function from analysis of a mutation that causes human congenital hypothyroidism

Abstract Patients with congenital lack of I− transport do not accumulate I− in their thyroids, often resulting in severe hypothyroidism. A single amino acid substitution in the thyroid Na+/I− symporter (NIS), proline replacing threonine at position 354 (T354P), was recently identified as the cause of this condition in two independent patients 1 , 2 . Here we report that the lack of I− transport activity in T354P NIS generated by site-directed mutagenesis, is not due to a structural change induced by proline, but rather to the absence of a hydroxyl group at the β-carbon of the amino acid residue at position 354. Hence, this hydroxyl group is essential for NIS function.
The real exchange rate, the capital stock, and fiscal policy

Abstract This paper studies the joint determination of aggregate supply, the real exchange rate and the current account in response to changes in government spending, in a model where there is no uncertainty in the aggregate, but where individuals are uncertain about their lives' duration. International capital mobility fixes the steady-state capital stock and aggregate supply in a small country, whereas in a large country the steady-state capital stock is endogenous. An increase in government spending is more likely to generate a real exchange-rate depreciation in a small country, since the loss of wealth associated with cumulated current account deficits does not increase rest-of-the-world spending. In the case of a large country current account deficits are wealth transfers to the rest of the world, and increase foreign spending: thus the normal long-run response is an increase in the relative price of domestic output.
Characterization of the Finline Step Discontinuity on Anisotropic Substrates

An analysis of the finline step discontinuity in either uniaxial or biaxial substrates is presented. The method is based on a spectral-domain hybrid-mode expansion in an enclosed finline cavity in conjunction with Galerkin's method. A numerically stable scattering matrix formulation is used. The effect of substrate anisotropy is described. The results are also compared with published experimental data or those by the modal matching method when the substrate is isotropic. The comparison shows very good agreement.
Efficient and Accurate Discovery of Patterns in Sequence Data Sets

Existing sequence mining algorithms mostly focus on mining for subsequences. However, a large class of applications, such as biological DNA and protein motif mining, require efficient mining of “approximate” patterns that are contiguous. The few existing algorithms that can be applied to find such contiguous approximate pattern mining have drawbacks like poor scalability, lack of guarantees in finding the pattern, and difficulty in adapting to other applications. In this paper, we present a new algorithm called FLexible and Accurate Motif DEtector (FLAME). FLAME is a flexible suffix-tree-based algorithm that can be used to find frequent patterns with a variety of definitions of motif (pattern) models. It is also accurate, as it always finds the pattern if it exists. Using both real and synthetic data sets, we demonstrate that FLAME is fast, scalable, and outperforms existing algorithms on a variety of performance metrics. In addition, based on FLAME, we also address a more general problem, named extended structured motif extraction, which allows mining frequent combinations of motifs under relaxed constraints.
Depletion of CD4 T cells enhances immunotherapy for neuroblastoma after syngeneic HSCT but compromises development of antitumor immune memory

High-risk neuroblastoma remains a clinically challenging disease. Here, we report that a multifaceted immunotherapeutic approach including syngeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), adoptive transfer of sensitized T cells (from syngeneic donors vaccinated to tumor antigens), and early posttransplantation tumor vaccination can effectively treat mice with established neuroblastoma. Vaccination was an important component of this immunotherapy, as it resulted in enhanced and prolonged tumor-specific CD8 T-cell activity and improved antitumor efficacy. Surprisingly, CD4 cell depletion of mice given sensitized T cells resulted in better tumor-free survival, which was associated with an early increased expansion of CD8 T cells with an effector phenotype, increased numbers of tumor-reactive CD8 T cells, and increased tumor infiltration by CD8 T cells. However, in the absence of CD4 T cells, development of long-term tumor immunity (memory) was severely compromised as reflected by diminished CD8 T-cell recall responses and an inability to resist tumor rechallenge in vivo. Based on these results, a major challenge with this immunotherapeutic approach is how to obtain the ideal initial antitumor response but still preserve antitumor immune memory. These data suggest that identification and selective depletion of immune inhibitory CD4 T cells may be a strategy to enhance early antitumor immunity and induce a long-lasting tumor response after HSCT.
New exact travelling wave solutions of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations

Abstract New solutions of the auxiliary equation are presented. By using those solutions, many exact travelling wave solutions for the several nonlinear Klein–Gordon equations are explicitly obtained.
Scanning electron microscope observations of mammalian intestinal villi, intervillus floor and crypt tubules

Abstract Techniques of preparation (distension, washing, fixation, dehydration, etc.) of the intestinal mucosa for study with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been described. The villi vary in appearance depending upon the individual, the genus, the region of the gut from which they are obtained, their physiological state of activity as well as the techniques used in their preparation. The most striking features of these structures are the various ways in which the total absorptive and digestive surface areas are increased within a limited space. These include the abundance and topographical arrangement of the villi, their size and shape, the fissures characteristic of their surfaces as well as the number of microvilli present per unit area on the apical surface of columnar epithelial cells. Species variations of all these are described. The number of villi per unit area, the number of crypt orifices surrounding a single villus, and the number of microvilli per unit area have been counted in the species studied. A three dimensional view of the relationship of villi to intervillus floor, crypt tubule pores and crypt tubules has been described. The SEM provides better three dimensional views of the mucosa than is possible with other available instruments.
Chronic Intravenous Milrinone as a Bridge to Cardiac Transplantation Does Not Improve Pulmonary Arterial Compliance

s S77 Conclusion: Continuous infusion milrinone has a modest effect in reducing PVR and does not improve pulmonary arterial compliance or the pulmonary arterial time constant when used as a bridge to OHT.
Silica-based nanofibers for electrospun ultra-thin layer chromatography

Abstract Nanofibrous silica-based stationary phases for electrospun ultra-thin layer chromatography (E-UTLC) are described. Nanofibers were produced by electrospinning a solution of silica nanoparticles dispersed in polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions to create composite silica/polymer nanofibers. Stationary phases were created from as-spun nanofibers, or the nanofibers were heated either to crosslink the polyvinylpyrrolidone or to calcine and selectively remove the polymer. As-spun, crosslinked, and calcined nanofibers with similar mat thicknesses (23–25 μm) were evaluated as stationary phases for E-UTLC separations of laser dyes and amino acids and compared to commercial silica TLC plates. As-spun nanofiber plates offered fast mobile phase velocities, but like other polymer-based nanofibers, separations were only compatible with techniques using nonsolvents of the polymer. Crosslinked nanofibers were not as limited in terms of chemical stability, but separations produced tailed spot shapes. No limitations in terms of mobile phases, analyte solvents, and visualization techniques were observed for calcined nanofibers. Highly efficient separations of amino acids were performed in 15 mm on calcined nanofiber plates, with observed plate heights as low as 8.6 μm, and plate numbers as large as 1400. Additional alignment of the nanofibers provided shorter analysis times but also larger spot widths. The extension of stationary phases to silica-based nanofibers vastly expands the range of mobile phases, analyte solvents, and visualization techniques which can be used for E-UTLC separations.
Behavioral treatment for smokers with a history of alcoholism: predictors of successful outcome.

This study examined baseline predictors associated with smoking abstinence among 205 smokers (113 men, 92 women) with a past history of alcoholism. Their mean age was 41.8 years, and 93% were Caucasian. Participants were randomly assigned to standard treatment (ST), behavioral counseling plus exercise (BEX), or behavioral counseling plus nicotine gum (BNIC). Factors multivariately associated with point-prevalence smoking abstinence at posttreatment (1 week after target quit date) were a longer duration of prior smoking abstinence and an interaction between treatment group and having an active 12-step sponsor. ST was more effective for those with an active sponsor, whereas both BEX and BNIC were more effective for those without an active sponsor. At 1-year follow-up, independent predictors of point-prevalence smoking abstinence were a lower Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire score (K. O. Fagerstrom, 1978) and fewer years of smoking.
Growth and characterization of Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ nanostructures

Bulk Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ is one of the best known thermoelectric materials with a ZT /spl sim/1 at room temperature. Theoretical studies have suggested that low-dimensional materials may exhibit ZT values that exceed 1. In this study, we used the pulsed laser deposition method to prepare Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ nanostructures by ablating a rotating Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ target in an inert atmosphere. Silicon or quartz substrates are pretreated with poly-1-lysine to form an adhesion layer for 10, 20, and 30 nm colloidal Au particles which serve as catalyst seed particles for the growth of the nanostructures. Alternatively, we have also prepared Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ nanostructures by subliming Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ powder in the presence of gold coated substrates. Results from electron microscopy and vibrational spectroscopic studies are presented.
Acoustic resonator transducer for operation in air

An acoustic resonator and electronic system for operation in air are described. The transducer operates in a resonant mode and can be utilised to measure the distance between the transducer and a reflecting object. Experimental results are presented for a 275 kHz resonator transducer that can measure distances with better than 0.5 μm resolution at a 0.6 mm range. Applications to noncontacting surface profile measurements are also demonstrated.
Risk factors for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in older persons in an academic hospital-based geriatrics practice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate risk factors for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in older persons. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of charts from all older persons seen from January 1, 1998, through June 15, 1999, at an academic, hospital-based geriatrics practice. SETTING: An academic, hospital-based geriatrics practice staffed by fellows in a geriatrics training program and full-time faculty geriatricians. PATIENTS: A total of 467 men, mean age 80 ± 8 years, and 1444 women, mean age 81 ± 8 years, were included in the study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Symptomatic PAD was present in 93 of 467 men (20%) and in 191 of 1444 women (13%) (P = .001). Significant risk factors for symptomatic PAD by univariate analysis were: age (P = .021 in women); cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum total cholesterol, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (inverse association), and serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P < .001 in men and women); obesity (P = .013 in men and .002 in women); and serum triglycerides (P = .027 in women). Significant independent risk factors for symptomatic PAD by stepwise logistic regression analysis were: age (odds ratio = 1.052 in men and 1.025 in women); cigarette smoking (odds ratio = 2.552 in men and 4.634 in women); hypertension (odds ratio = 2.196 in men and 2.777 in women); diabetes mellitus (odds ratio = 6.054 in men and 3.594 in women); serum HDL cholesterol (odds ratio = .948 in men and .965 in women); and serum LDL cholesterol (odds ratio = 1.019 in men and women). CONCLUSIONS: Significant independent risk factors for symptomatic PAD in older men and women were age, cigarette smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum HDL cholesterol (inverse association), and serum LDL cholesterol. J Am Geriatr Soc 48: 312–314, 2000.
Serial evaluation of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy for prediction of risk in hypertensive patients

Abstract Background Although the presence and severity of electrocardiographic (ECG) left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, the relationship of regression of ECG LVH during antihypertensive therapy to CV risk has only recently been examined. Methods Electrocardiographic LVH was evaluated over time in 9193 hypertensive patients enrolled in the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension study. Patients were treated with losartan- or atenolol-based regimens and followed with serial ECGs at 6 months and then yearly until death or study end. Electrocardiographic LVH was measured using gender-adjusted Cornell product (RaVL + SV3 [+6 mm in women]) ⁎ QRS duration) and Sokolow-Lyon voltage (SV1 + RV5/6). Results After mean (SD) follow-up of 4.8 (0.9) years, the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension study composite end point of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 1096 patients. In Cox regression models controlling for treatment type, baseline Framingham risk score, baseline, and in-treatment blood pressure and for severity of baseline ECG LVH by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage, lower in-treatment ECG LVH by Cornell product and Sokolow-Lyon voltage were associated with 14% and 17% lower rates, respectively, of the composite CV end point: adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-0.90; P P P P P = .011; HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-1.00; P = .043), and of stroke (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96; P = .002; HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.75-0.89; P Conclusions Regression of ECG LVH by Cornell product and/or Sokolow-Lyon voltage criteria during antihypertensive therapy is associated with lower likelihoods of CV morbidity and mortality, all-cause mortality, and new-onset diabetes, independent of blood pressure lowering and treatment modality in essential hypertension. These findings suggest that antihypertensive therapy targeted at regression or prevention of ECG LVH may improve prognosis.
Effects of maternal diabetes on early embryogenesis: II. Hyperglycemia-induced exencephaly

Teratogenic effects of hyperglycemia on early stages of embryogenesis were investigated using the whole embryo culture technique. Young (0–1 and 2–3 somites) and old (4–6 somites) mouse embryos were exposed for 24 h to diabetic levels of excess glucose equal to 5× and 8× the normal blood glucose levels. A high frequency of neural tube defects (exencephaly) was observed in embryos maintained at either concentration, and this effect was dose- and age-dependent. Thus, younger embryos (0–3 somites) were more frequently affected than older ones, and more embryos were affected at the higher dose than the lower one. Although malformations were observed, amounts of total protein were similar between control and treated cultures except for the youngest (0–1 somite) embryos, which had significantly lower amounts of protein than controls. Histological analysis of embryos maintained in 8× glucose for 4, 8, and 24 h after initiation of culture showed only a slight amount of pyknotic debris in the neuroepithelium and revealed no other causes for the abnormality. Inhibition of neural tube closure observed in this study is similar to that occasionally described in infants of diabetic mothers, and suggests that hyperglycemia may play a role in production of the malformation.
''STERIC'' STABILIZATION OF COLLOIDAL SOLUTIONS BY ADSORPTION OF FLEXIBLE MACROMOLECULES

It had previously been found in this laboratory that flexible polymer molecules adsorbed at colloidal particles most likely extend with many segments into the interior of the surrounding medium. This led one to expect a possible “steric protection” of colloidal particles by adsorption of flexible polymers of sufficiently high molecular weight since the merely slight interpenetration of polymer chains protruding from two colliding particles should keep them at distances too large to give a van der Waals interaction energy sufficient for coherence. This new type of stabilization was now proved using gold hydrosols as test systems and polyethylene glycols as adsorptives. The stabilization was found to increase with polymer concentration and, particularly, with the molecular weight of the polymer. In analogy with the previous finding, that the adsorption equilibrium is being approached very slowly if the molecular weight of the polymer exceeds several thousand, it was found that the degree of stabilization achieved by addition of polymer to the gold sols increases with the time elapsed before the subsequent addition of coagulating electrolyte. This increase is particularly strong during the first hour following addition of the polymer. The potential significance of the results for stabilization of organosols is discussed.
The protective role of friendship on the effects of childhood abuse and depression

Background: This study explored the relationships between childhood maltreatment (sexual, physical, and emotional abuse, as well as neglect), adult depression, and perceived social support from family and friends. Methods: As part of an NIH-funded study of risk and resilience at a public urban hospital in Atlanta, 378 men and women recruited from the primary care and obstetrics gynecology clinic waiting areas answered questions about developmental history, traumatic experiences, current relationship support, and depressive symptoms. Results: Childhood emotional abuse and neglect proved more predictive of adult depression than childhood sexual or physical abuse. In females only, perceived friend social support protected against adult depression even after accounting for the contributions of both emotional abuse and neglect. Conclusions: These findings may elucidate the particular importance of understanding the effects that emotional abuse and neglect have on adult depression, and how perceived friendship support may provide a buffer for women with a history of early life stress who are at risk to develop adult depression. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Existential Perspective of Body Beliefs and Health Assessment

Successful health assessments are ongoing and rely on a clinician/client interaction, which is influenced by both the client’s and the clinician’s beliefs about their bodies. These beliefs about the human body arise out of religious and cultural contexts. Theories often explain cultural context by comparison of differences and similarities between the client and the clinician and/or between the client and the dominant culture. This approach can carry a bias inherent in the comparison to dominant beliefs held by those with the most power and economic advantage. The author suggests an existential approach in which client and clinician bodies interact each as adept, autonomous individuals with a conglomerate of beliefs about body and health.
Men Learning Feminism: Protecting Privileges Through Discourses of Resistance

This qualitative study examines how men respond to learning feminism in the context of college women’s studies courses. Specifically, it categorizes and describes forms of resistance to feminism that men enact through discourses that serve to reinforce and reproduce male privileges despite their stated willingness to learn feminism and position themselves as allies. This study is based on data collected from in-depth interviews with eight men taking women’s studies courses at a large Southeastern university. Discourses used by participants are discussed as three larger appeals: to self, to progress, and to authority. After a description of the discourses within each appeal, interconnections among discourses are made to examine how men avoid reflectively questioning their male privilege. In conclusion, the author discusses implications for a feminist pedagogy that helps male students consciously, personally, and actively engage with feminism.
Active noise control for infant incubators

This paper presents an active noise control system for infant incubators. Experimental results show that global noise reduction can be achieved for infant incubator ANC systems. An audio-integration algorithm is presented to introduce a healthy audio (intrauterine) sound with the ANC system to mask the residual noise and soothe the infant. Carbon nanotube based transparent thin film speaker is also introduced in this paper as the actuator for the ANC system to generate the destructive secondary sound, which can significantly save the congested incubator space and without blocking the view of doctors and nurses.
ELA and fertility in American Standardbred horses.

Summary. We have analysed the effects of ELA alleles and sire-dam ELA incompatibility on two measures of fertility, gestation length and foaling rate, in American Standardbred horses. Using multivariate statistical methods, we corrected for the effects of confounding factors such as dam and sire age, parity, inbreeding, and sire-dam kinship. These analyses revealed substantial differences between Standardbred trotters and pacers in the effects of several confounding factors. There appear to be no ELA effects on gestation length in either trotters or pacers. However our results suggest that there may be ELA effects on foaling rate associated with specific dam alleles, with sire-dam incompatibility, and possibly with specific sire alleles, and that these effects differ between trotters and pacers.