cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Planning for a National Social Policy for the Family

The American family performs two important functions for family members providing physical care and socialization, and meeting psychological needs. Current family trends suggest that the American family may be having difficulty in carrying out these basic functions. Since the United States lacks a comprehensive family policy, it is argued that a national social policy should be created to better support the American family. A social policy is presented which would assist the American family in performing its basic functions. A suggested strategy for implementation of this family social policy has also been developed. This paper contends that the United States lacks a coherent, comprehensive family social policy to assist the American family. It is the author's opinion that current programs designed to assist the American family are uncoordinated, fragmented, and generally ineffective. This position is shared by others who have analyzed programs designed to support the American family. Romanyshyn argues that the United States has little in the way of a national family policy. He feels that the lack of a national family policy undermines the American family in performing its basic functions.1 Costin also suggests that the United States lacks a comprehensive and explicit national family policy. She claims that national and state governments have created new programs that have a significant effect on individual family members; however, these programs lack real impact on the family as a social unit in society.2 In a recent article, Kamerman and Kahn discuss the consequences of the government's fragmented approach to supporting the American family and make a case for an explicit and cohesive policy to support the American
Packaging for Maintainability of an Airborne Computer: A Case History

This paper discusses a new high-speed, completely transistorized, airborne digital data processor, designed and manufactured at the General Electric Light Electronics Department for the AEW control system of the Grumman W2F-1 Hawkeye aircraft.
Outcome of pts with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with abnormal pulmonary radiologic findings.

e18011 Background: Pulmonary radiological findings in CLL are common, previous study showed its around 40%, but since it only occasionally leads to respiratory complaints, the symptoms may be relat...
Approximate String Matching for Angular String Elements with Applications to On-line and Off-line Handwriting Recognition

String distance measures are useful in both on-line and off-line character recognition for comparing on-line stroke and off-line contour sequence strings. Since stroke and contour string elements are angular in that they represent a circular measurement (0° ~ 360°), usual edit distances with cost matrix are inadequate for this type of strings. For this reason, we extend edit distances, previously defined for nominal type, to handle angular and magnitude types. The newly defined measure utilizes the “turn” concept in place of substitution for angular string elements and takes local context into account in indels (insertions and deletions). The approximate string matching, besides being of interest in itself, provides solutions to writer verification, on-line and off-line character recognition problems. We also discuss the string concatenation and reverse operations to recognize on-line characters when written unnaturally.
Creep deformation in elastomeric membranes of liquid-filled tunable-focus lenses

Liquid-filled tunable-focus lenses have been demonstrated to be suitable for autofocus eyewear applications. Traditionally, these lenses are constructed using an elastomeric polymer chamber filled with a high-index liquid. In this work, we investigate the effect of elastomeric creep on the deformation and eventual degradation of these tunable lenses. We use numerical analysis of a deformable circular disk representative of the lens and provide rigorous experimental results testing the creep property of a number of elastomers. Finally, we provide a comparative study of different elastomeric materials and select the best one for this application.
Is There Less Opioid Abuse in States Where Marijuana Has Been Decriminalized, Either for Medicinal or Recreational Use? A Clin-IQ

Opioid use, abuse, and associated mortality have reached an epidemic level. In some states, cannabis is being used to treat chronic pain. To examine the hypothesis that medical marijuana legislation may reduce adverse opioid-related outcomes if patients substitute cannabis for opioids for pain management, we conducted a clinical inquiry (Clin-IQ). We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process, and Embase for studies using the search terms marijuana, cannabis, legal, marijuana smoking, medical marijuana, opioid-related disorders, cannabis use, medical cannabis, legal aspect, and opiate addiction. We included population-based articles published from January 1, 2012, through December 5, 2018, that assessed the relationship between marijuana use and decriminalization and the aforementioned opioid-related outcomes. Ten peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria; 3 cross-sectional studies, 6 ecologic studies (ie, using aggregate data), and 1 retrospective cohort study. Eight studies reported associations between policies decriminalizing marijuana and reduced prescription opioid use, 1 study was inconclusive, and the retrospective cohort study reported an increase in adverse opioid-related outcomes. These results should be interpreted with caution given limitations associated with the studies' design. Results demonstrating association between marijuana decriminalization and opioid-related outcomes are mixed. Longitudinal studies are needed, and further analysis of this policy should continue to be tracked.
A flexible Bayesian framework to estimate age- and cause-specific child mortality over time from sample registration data

In order to implement disease-specific interventions in young age groups, policy makers in low- and middle-income countries require timely and accurate estimates of age- and cause-specific child mortality. High quality data is not available in settings where these interventions are most needed, but there is a push to create sample registration systems that collect detailed mortality information. Current methods that estimate mortality from this data employ multistage frameworks without rigorous statistical justification that separately estimate all-cause and cause-specific mortality and are not sufficiently adaptable to capture important features of the data. We propose a flexible Bayesian modeling framework to estimate age- and cause-specific child mortality from sample registration data. We provide a theoretical justification for the framework, explore its properties via simulation, and use it to estimate mortality trends using data from the Maternal and Child Health Surveillance System in China.
Large-diameter trees dominate snag and surface biomass following reintroduced fire

The reintroduction of fire to landscapes where it was once common is considered a priority to restore historical forest dynamics, including reducing tree density and decreasing levels of woody biomass on the forest floor. However, reintroducing fire causes tree mortality that can have unintended ecological outcomes related to woody biomass, with potential impacts to fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, subsequent fire severity, and forest management. In this study, we examine the interplay between fire and carbon dynamics by asking how reintroduced fire impacts fuel accumulation, carbon sequestration, and subsequent fire severity potential. Beginning pre-fire, and continuing 6 years post-fire, we tracked all live, dead, and fallen trees ≥ 1 cm in diameter and mapped all pieces of deadwood (downed woody debris) originating from tree boles ≥ 10 cm diameter and ≥ 1 m in length in 25.6 ha of an Abies concolor/Pinus lambertiana forest in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We also tracked surface fuels along 2240 m of planar transects pre-fire, immediately post-fire, and 6 years post-fire. Six years after moderate-severity fire, deadwood ≥ 10 cm diameter was 73 Mg ha−1, comprised of 32 Mg ha−1 that persisted through fire and 41 Mg ha−1 of newly fallen wood (compared to 72 Mg ha−1 pre-fire). Woody surface fuel loading was spatially heterogeneous, with mass varying almost four orders of magnitude at the scale of 20 m × 20 m quadrats (minimum, 0.1 Mg ha−1; mean, 73 Mg ha−1; maximum, 497 Mg ha−1). Wood from large-diameter trees (≥ 60 cm diameter) comprised 57% of surface fuel in 2019, but was 75% of snag biomass, indicating high contributions to current and future fuel loading. Reintroduction of fire does not consume all large-diameter fuel and generates high levels of surface fuels ≥ 10 cm diameter within 6 years. Repeated fires are needed to reduce surface fuel loading.
“Split At The Root”: The Reformation of The Mulatto Hero/Heroine

Frances E. W. Harper’s Iola Leroy offers a valuable insight on the development of a holistic and natural model for patriarchy in the 19th century. Harper combines normally diametrically opposed ideologies of masculinity and femininely in the characters of Dr. Frank Latimer and Iola Leroy who become cultural heros/heroines by embracing a Black consciousness. By addressing what she considers to be a more cohesive productive society, Harper contextualizes the mulatto racial and social visions against the backdrop of the post-Reconstruction South. Within this new radical mixed race, Dr. Latimer and Iola Leroy rescues this normative stereotypical version and redefines them as the pre-cursors of Alain Locke’s “New Negro.” By rejecting whiteness as a mean to emancipate themselves out of an otherwise racial bondage, Iola Leroy and Dr. Latimer embrace the “one drop” rule. By “casting themselves” into the racial “pot,” Harper sets the mulatto up to ideally “work for the people.”
The Gross-to-Scope Program for Gross Room Personnel: An Innovative Initiative for Providing Case Follow-Up and Education to "Close the Pathology Loop".

Gross room personnel (GRP) work alongside pathologists in grossing, frozen section, and autopsy. We observed that gross room personnel desire follow-up and feedback on the specimens they gross or a...
Connections and Contradictions in Teacher Practices for Preparing Globally Minded Citizens in Two IB Public Schools

Background/ContextWith 13 million immigrants arriving in the United States between 2000 and 2010, immigration is at its highest level in a century. At the same time, there has been an exponential i...
Simulating the Encounters of NASA's Lucy Spacecraft with its Target Trojan Asteroids

NASA's Lucy mission is the 13th Discovery-class mission, and it will be the first to visit the Jupiter Trojan asteroids. Over the course of 12 years, the mission will encounter 7 Trojan asteroids in a series of 5 flybys. Each of these flyby occurs over a short period of time, such that careful planning of time-critical observations must be performed to ensure that the mission's Science Requirement are achieved. Additionally, various sources of uncertainty in the spacecraft's attitude and pointing accuracy must be thoroughly tested and constrained to determine how they impact instrument operation and the resulting data. In order to develop and test observations sequences, we have developed the Science Encounter Simulation Software (SESS). This powerful software allows one to simulate the spacecraft's encounter with each of Lucy's target, and to perform a series of commands to adjust the spacecraft's attitude and trigger data acquisitions with the various instruments of the Lucy payload. The software outputs a variety of information that allows one to construct resolution maps which can be used to determine whether a given observation sequence produces adequate data that meet the Science Requirements. The code also performs numerous checks to ensure that the spacecraft, its instrument pointing platform, and the L'Ralph scan mirror, are operated within their capabilities.
Assessing task understanding in remote ultrasound diagnosis via gesture analysis

This work presents a gesture-based approach to estimate task understanding and performance during remote ultrasound tasks. Our approach is comprised of two main components. The first component uses the Multi-Agent Gestural Instruction Comparer (MAGIC) framework to represent and compare the gestures performed by collaborators. Through MAGIC, gestures can be compared based in their morphology, semantics, and pragmatics. The second component computes the Physical Instructions Assimilation (PIA) metric, a score representing how well are gestures being used to communicate and execute physical instructions. To evaluate our hypothesis, 20 participants performed a remote ultrasound task consisting of three subtasks: vessel detection, blood extraction, and foreign body detection. MAGIC’s gesture comparison approaches were compared against two other approaches based on how well they replicated human-annotated gestures matchings. Our approach outperformed the others, agreeing with the human baseline over 76% of the times. Subsequently, a correlation analysis was performed to compare PIA’s task understanding insights with those of three other metrics: error rate, idle time rate, and task completion percentage. Significant correlations ( $$p\,\le \,0.04$$ ) were found between PIA and all the other metrics, positioning PIA as an effective metric for task understanding estimation. Finally, post-experiment questionnaires were used to subjectively evaluate the participants’ perceived understanding. The PIA score was found to be significantly correlated with the participants’ overall task understanding ( $$p\le 0.05$$ ), hinting to the relation between the assimilation of physical instructions and self-perceived understanding. These results demonstrate that gestures an be used to estimate task understanding in remote ultrasound tasks, which can improve how these tasks are performed and assessed.
Gains and Losses of Agricultural Food Production: Implications for the Twenty-First Century.

The world food supply depends on a diminishing list of plant crops and animal livestock to not only feed the ever-growing human population but also improve its nutritional state and lower the disease burden. Over the past century or so, technological advances in agricultural and food processing have helped reduce hunger and poverty but have not adequately addressed sustainability targets. This has led to an erosion of agricultural biodiversity and balanced diets and contributed to climate change and rising rates of chronic metabolic diseases. Modern food supply chains have progressively lost dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, micronutrients, and several classes of phytochemicals with high bioactivity and nutritional relevance. This review introduces the concept of agricultural food systems losses and focuses on improved sources of agricultural diversity, proteins with enhanced resilience, and novel monitoring, processing, and distribution technologies that are poised to improve food security, reduce food loss and waste, and improve health profiles in the near future. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Food Science and Technology, Volume 13 is March 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Abstract 16881: NOX Isoforms and Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and we have recently shown a causal role of uncoupled eNOS in this disease. While others and we have also shown that NADPH oxidase (NOX) lie upstream of uncoupled eNOS, the specific isoforms(s) and role that they play in AAA has not been examined. In this study, we used a recently established model of AAA, the Ang II infused hph-1 mice, to examine the specific role of the major isoforms of NOX in the development of AAA. We generated double knockouts of hph-1-NOX1 and hph-1-NOX2, and also inhibited NOX4 expression in hph-1 animals with in vivo RNAi. Ang II was infused into the animals for 2 weeks using an osmotic pump. The results show that the incidence rate of AAA substantially dropped from 76% in Ang II infused hph-1 mice to 4% and 16% in hph-1-NOX1 and hph-1-NOX2 double knockouts, respectively, while hph-1-NOX4 siRNA animals did not have significantly different incidence (83%). By week 2, the sizes of abdominal aortas of the hph-1-NOX1 and hph-1-NOX2 double knockouts, determined by ultrasound analyses, were significantly smaller at 1.3±0.08 and 1.4±0.08 mm2, respectively, when compared to hph-1 alone, at 3.1±0.27 mm2. Furthermore, aortic nitric oxide and H4B bioavailability were markedly improved in the double knockouts, while the total superoxide production and eNOS uncoupling activity were markedly reduced. These effects seemed attributed to an endothelial cell specific improvement in the expression and activity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a salvage enzyme for H4B whose deficiency has been shown to induce eNOS uncoupling and AAA formation in both hph-1 and apoE null animals. Taken together, these data indicate that NOX isoforms 1 or 2 lies upstream of DHFR deficiency and eNOS uncoupling to induce AAA formation. These data once again demonstrate the importance of uncoupled eNOS in the development of AAA, and a novel role of NOX1/2 isoforms in the process. These findings may facilitate new therapeutic options for the treatment of the disease.
General Equilibrium with Uncertainty: The Work of Kenneth Arrow

This article summarizes the theory of markets under uncertainty that Arrow and Debreu created, its achievements and the critical issues that it raises. It focuses on the way Arrow introduced securities: how he defined them and what were the most useful developments of this theory. It mentions the theory of insurance that Arrow pioneered together with Malinvaud and others, and Arrow’s theory of risk bearing that follows the axiomatic treatment of Von Neumann and Morgenstern, Milnor, Hernstein, De Groot, and Villegas. The classic expected utility theory embraces normal or frequent risks at the expense of neglecting rare events, even those with important consequences such as catastrophes, causing paradoxical experimental behavior as shown by the author. Kenneth Arrow encouraged the creation of an extension of classic axiomatic theory, and in the early 1990s the author proposed axioms that treat symmetrically frequent and rare events, leading to a new definition of rationality and a new form of choice under uncertainty that conforms better to the experimental evidence. Additionally, the introduction of markets with endogenous uncertainty in the early 1990s challenged the foundation of Arrow Debreu's theory of markets. Endogenous uncertainty is generated by the workings of the economy, and breaks down the equivalence between markets with and without uncertainty that prevails in Arrow Debreu's theory. This leads to a new world of uncertainty creation through financial innovation and regulation that is at the heart of the financial markets turmoil of 2008. In 1999 Arrow contributed to the theory of endogenous uncertainty in his work with Frank Hahn.
Judicial Efficiencies in Child Custody Disputes

Abstract Family disputes are the bane of over-burdened court systems and child access issues consume a disproportionate share of court resources. Consequently, family mediation has become a viable method of resolving these disputes and mental health professionals are increasingly called upon to mediate child access and support disagreements. The growing utilization of mediation to resolve child access issues magnifies the need to examine the consistency and effectiveness of child custody mediation endeavors. This article reports findings from one exploration into the practices of four judicial districts. Outcomes within and between court districts favoring judge-imposed orders are compared with outcomes from districts which favor mediated settlements.
Risk and Return: Some New Evidence

We develop a structural asset pricing model to investigate the relationship between stockmarket risk and return. The structural model is estimated using the conditional market variance implied by S&P 100 index option prices. Relative risk aversion is precisely identified and is found to be positive, with point estimates ranging from 3.06 to 4.01. However, the implied volatility data only spans the period November 1983 to May 1995. As a robustness check, the structural model is also examined with postwar monthly data, in which the conditional market variance is estimated. We again find a positive and significant risk-return relation and getsimilar point estimates for relative risk aversion. Additionally, we document some facts about stock market return. First, stock price movements are primarily driven by changes in investment opportunities, not by changes in market volatility. Second, there is some evidence of a leverage effect. Third, relative risk aversion is quite stable over time.
Hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and acanthosis nigricans syndrome: A common endocrinopathy with distinct pathophysiologic features

The HAIR-AN syndrome that consists of hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and acanthosis nigricans (AN) is an underdiagnosed endocrinopathy, because hyperandrogenic women are not commonly screened for insulin resistance or acanthosis nigricans. The distinct pathophysiologic features of the HAIR-AN syndrome are discussed in detail. In this syndrome, the primary pathophysiologic derangements are the insulin resistance and the hyperandrogenism. The acanthosis nigricans is an epiphenomenon of these primary processes. In patients with the HAIR-AN syndrome, the degree of severity of the insulin resistance is positively correlated with the degree of severity of the hyperandrogenism. In patients with adequate pancreatic beta-islet cell reserve, insulin resistance results in a long-term increase in circulating insulin levels. The hyperinsulinemia probably directly stimulates ovarian androgen production. In turn, hyperandrogenism itself produces insulin resistance. This positive feedback loop between insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism propagates the disease, and increases its severity over time. The relationship between insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism may explain the hyperandrogenemia seen in the following disease processes: obesity, acromegaly, lipoatrophic diabetes, leprechaunism, and Kahn types A and B insulin resistance.
Coinduction of Rat Liver Branched Chain α-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Activities

By use of carboxyl-labeled α-ketoisocaproic, α-ketoisovaleric, and α-keto-β-methylvaleric acids, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase activities were measured in rat tissues. α-Ketoisocaproic acid dehydrogenase was shown to be a mitochondrial enzyme and was found almost exclusively in liver, in contrast to leucine-α-ketoglutarate aminotransferase which was found predominantly in kidney. α-Ketoisocaproic, α-ketoisovaleric, and α-keto-β-methylvaleric acid dehydrogenase specific activities in liver increased linearly and in constant proportion to each other as the protein content of the diets was increased from 0 to 30%. Modulation of dehydrogenase activity appears to be the resultant of at least two superimposable mechanisms. One, cycloheximide-sensitive, is apparently an adaptation to dietary protein intake. The other, cycloheximide-insensitive, involves a daily activation-deactivation cycle.
Present Status of the Icy Conglomerate Model

A brief history is presented of the concept that the nucleus of a comet is a discreet body, an icy conglomerate of solar-type materials that would be solid at low temperatures, ≪ 100 K. A summary describes briefly the observational success of the comet model, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The surprising aspect of the model is its usefulness in spite of its vagueness with regard not only to chemical composition but also to the physical structure of the nucleus, including such basic quantities as dimensions, density and albedo. Some emphasis will be placed on our increasing understanding of the morphology of comet nuclei.
Cloning and analysis of the Bacillus subtilis rpsD gene, encoding ribosomal protein S4.

Abstract The rpsD gene, encoding ribosomal protein S4, was isolated from Bacillus subtilis by hybridization with oligonucleotide probes derived from the S4 amino-terminal protein sequence. Sequence analysis of the cloned DNA indicated that rpsD is likely to be monocistronic, in contrast to Escherichia coli rpsD, which is located in the alpha operon and is the translational regulator for alpha operon ribosomal protein gene expression in E. coli. The cloned gene was shown to map at position 263 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome, at the position to which mutations conferring alterations in the electrophoretic mobility of protein S4 were localized. A promoter was identified upstream of the rpsD coding sequence; initiation of transcription at this promoter would result in a transcript containing a leader region 180 bases in length. Immediately downstream of the rpsD coding region were two sequences resembling transcriptional terminators. An open reading frame homologous to tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (tyrS) genes was identified downstream of rpsD but in the opposite orientation. The leader region of rpsD mRNA is predicted to have extensive secondary structure, resembling a region of B. subtilis 16S rRNA where S4 is likely to bind; similar mRNA features have been found to be important in ribosomal gene regulation in E. coli. These results provide the first steps toward analysis of the regulation of rpsD gene expression in B. subtilis.
Towards Heterogeneous Agent Teams

Agent integration architectures enable a heterogeneous, distributed set of agents to work together to address problems of greater complexity than those addressed by the individual agents themselves. Unfortunately, integrating software agents and humans to perform real-world tasks in a large-scale system remains difficult, especially due to two key challenges: ensuring robust execution in the face of a dynamic environment and providing abstract task specifications without all the low-level coordination details. To address these challenges, our Teamcore project provides the integration architecture with general-purpose teamwork coordination capabilities. We make each agent team-ready by providing it with a proxy capable of general teamwork reasoning. Thus, a key novelty and strength of our framework is that powerful teamwork capabilities are built into its foundations by providing the proxies themselves with a teamwork model called STEAM. While STEAM has earlier been demonstrated in domains involving homogeneous agent teams, its use in Teamcore proxies illustrates that teamwork models may also be applied in domains involving heterogeneous agents. Given STEAM, the Teamcore proxies addresses the first agent integration challenge, robust execution, by automatically generating the required coordination actions for the agents they represent. We can also exploit the proxies' reusable general teamwork knowledge to address the second agent integration challenge. Through team-oriented programming, a developer specifies a hierarchical organization and its goals and plans, abstracting away from coordination details. Our integration architecture enables teamwork among agents with no coordination capabilities, and it establishes and automates consistent teamwork among agents with some coordination capabilities. We illustrate how the Teamcore architecture successfully addressed the challenges of agent integration in two application domains: simulated rehearsal of a military evacuation mission and facilitation of human collaboration.
Residual efficacy of aerosols to control Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum

Aerosol insecticides can be important components of insect management plans for mills, food warehouses, and processing plants. In the United States, synergized pyrethrin is used alone or combined with an insect growth regulator (IGR), either methoprene or hydroprene. The presence of food material can result in increased survival of adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) or Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val exposed to synergized pyrethrins, but larvae appear to be more susceptible than adults. Results of field trials involving methoprene and pyriproxyfen indicate residual persistence of the IGRs. Tribolium castaneum is more susceptible than T. confusum to IGRs, but combination of pyrethrin with the IGR may produce an additive effect on T. confusum . Keywords : Aerosol, Insecticide, Insect growth regulator, Tribolium castaneum, Tribolium confusum
Dimensionality analysis of EEG segments: experimental considerations

The order of the chaotic attractor in EEG (electroencephalogram) dynamics is determined from the correlation dimension. The effects on the estimation of the correlation dimension caused by the selection of the embedding dimension, segment length, and delay are experimentally studied. A methodology to produce reliable estimates is outlined. >
EFFECT OF HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION [Hb] ON CRITICAL (crt) CARDIAC OUTPUT (CO) AND O2 TRANSPORT (SOT)

We previously reported that 4 week old lambs have the least tolerance to reduction in CO. We hypothesized that this was due to their relative anemia, because the low [Hb]: 1) decreased SOT (SOT=COxCaO2) or 2) impaired O2 extraction (extr). To test these hypotheses, we lowered CO in 4 week old lambs by incremental stepwise inflation of a balloon tipped catheter (Foley) in the right atrium. We determined the point where O2 consumption (VO2) decreased or arterial lactate increased, which defined: crt CO, crt fractional CO (crtFCO= crtCO/basalCO) and crt SOT. We performed 12 experiments in 5 lambs at various [Hb], obtained by isovolemic exchange transfusions with sheep packed red cells or nlasma. The data (m±SD) are: These findings further confirm the postulate that the crt SOT is independent of the manner in which the SOT is altered (no difference in the crt SOT among the 3 groups). Furthermore the anemic lambs had the least tolerance for reduction in CO, because of decreased O2 carrying capacity rather than impaired maximal O2 extr (no difference in VO2/crtSOT). These data have important clinical implications for maintaining with limited CO.
Cyst in Alveolar Mucosa Adjacent to a Dental Implant Following Connective Tissue Grafting for Ridge Augmentation

Introduction: When the soft tissue around an implant is inadequate or poorly contoured, soft tissue augmentation techniques such as connective tissue grafts are used to enhance the gingiva and gingival contour around an implant-supported restoration. There have been some case reports of cystic lesions occurring after a connective tissue graft, but this appears to be the first case report of a cyst in alveolar mucosa adjacent to an implant.Case Presentation: Following the placement of implants in the #6 and #7 positions, a cosmetic soft tissue deficiency was visible and inadequate papilla height was evident interproximally. The #7 implant was subsequently submerged, and multiple connective tissue grafts were placed to reconstruct the soft tissue on the buccal aspect of #5 to #7. Four years later the patient returned for evaluation of a 6 × 3 mm raised, fluid-filled vesicle on the alveolar mucosa, buccal to the submerged #7 implant. A submarginal incision with a semilunar design was placed from #6 to #8. A ...
Effect of H+ and elevated PCO2 on membrane electrical properties of rat cerebral arteries.

Some membrane electrical properties of muscle cells from the middle cerebral artery of the rat were recorded with intracellular microelectrodes. The resting membrane potential (E m) of this preparation was −63 mV. Reduction of extracellular pH to 7.0 in the face of a constantP CO 2of 40 mm Hg had no significant effect onE m. Similarly the slope of the steady-state voltage/current curves was not different at pH 7.0 compared to control at pH 7.4. In marked contrast, whenP CO 2was elevated to around 60 to 70 mm Hg there was a rapid hyperpolarization and reduction in the slope of the voltage current curve suggesting an increased conductance for one or more ionic species. In addition elevation ofP CO 2increased the slope of theE m vs. log[K]0 curve from 46 mV/decade to 59 m V/decade which is in good agreement with a Nernstian potential for a K+ selective membrane. These data suggest that while the smooth muscle cells of rat cerebral arteries are relatively insensitive to a small reduction in extracellular pH; reduction of intracellular pH by elevatingP CO 2induces hyperpolarization by increasing K+ conductance (g k). However, it is not clear from these experiments if theP CO 2effects are mediated entirely by changes in pH or if there is a direct membrane action of CO2.
Curiosity, Academic Performance, and Class Attendance

The present study assessed the correlation between two measures of academic curiosity with academic performance and class attendance for 121 undergraduate college students. Curiosity was related to...
Stable isotopes in zooarchaeology: an introduction

Zooarchaeology has a long history as a specialisation thatuses qualitative osteological methods, including the collec-tion of taxonomic data, the recording of bone modification,and the ageing and sexing of animal bones to addressbroader archaeological questions. Metrical analyses, includ-ing geometric morphometrics, the use of scanning electronmicroscopy, thin sectioning, and biomolecular analyseshave all added to the types of quantitative data with whichwe can explore (zoo)archaeological questions. Thesezooarchaeological data cannot only be transformed intoknowledge of the cultural and socioeconomic roles of ani-mals in the past, but can also inform onlargerecological andsocioeconomic structures; they can tell us about palaeoe-thology and palaeobiogeography, site formation processesand use of space within sites, consumption patterns, andreligious and ritual practices. The study of animals in ar-chaeology should not be viewed as an obscure specialisationwith little outside relevance; indeed, it is a critical compo-nent to understanding broader patterns in both the environ-mental and social realms.The applications of stable isotope geochemistry are nu-merous, and its use as an analytical technique in archaeolo-gy has progressed substantially over the past few decades.For example, some early stable isotope studies in archaeol-ogy focused on analysis of oxygen isotope ratios (δ
The role of macrobiota in structuring microbial communities along rocky shores

Rocky shore microbial diversity presents an excellent system to test for microbial habitat specificity or generality, enabling us to decipher how common macrobiota shape microbial community structure. At two coastal locations in the northeast Pacific Ocean, we show that microbial composition was significantly different between inert surfaces, the biogenic surfaces that included rocky shore animals and an alga, and the water column plankton. While all sampled entities had a core of common OTUs, rare OTUs drove differences among biotic and abiotic substrates. For the mussel Mytilus californianus, the shell surface harbored greater alpha diversity compared to internal tissues of the gill and siphon. Strikingly, a 7-year experimental removal of this mussel from tidepools did not significantly alter the microbial community structure of microbes associated with inert surfaces when compared with unmanipulated tidepools. However, bacterial taxa associated with nitrate reduction had greater relative abundance with mussels present, suggesting an impact of increased animal-derived nitrogen on a subset of microbial metabolism. Because the presence of mussels did not affect the structure and diversity of the microbial community on adjacent inert substrates, microbes in this rocky shore environment may be predominantly affected through direct physical association with macrobiota.
The Second Sino-Japanese War and national mobilization: the issue of rallying soldiers and personal experiences of the battlefield

Abstract This essay examines the wartime diaries of several Japanese soldiers and investigates their personal experiences of the Second Sino-Japanese War. It first considers the effects that mobilization strategies had in creating a sense of national unity and purpose, and then contrasts these tendencies with Japanese soldiers' actual battlefield experiences. Through the exploration of these personal writings, this essay demonstrates that those soldiers who had battlefield experience served as a major driving force behind the establishment of imperial fascism in addition to the military.
A note on expansions of functions of velocity in the two-body problem

Fourier expansions of functions of velocity in the two-body problem are obtained in terms of both the true anomaly and the mean anomaly.
Digital volume correlation : Three-dimensional strain mapping using X-ray tomography

A three-dimensional extension of two-dimensional digital image correlation has been developed. The technique uses digital image volumes generated through high-resolution X-ray tomography of samples with microarchitectural detail, such as the trabecular bone tissue found within the skeleton. Image texture within the material is used for displacement field measurement by subvolume tracking. Strain fields are calculated from the displacement fields by gradient estimation techniques. Estimates of measurement precision were developed through correlation of repeat unloaded data sets for a simple sum-of-squares displacement-only correlation formulation. Displacement vector component errors were normally distributed, with a standard deviation of 0.035 voxels (1.22 μm). Strain tensor component errors were also normally distributed, with a standard deviation of approximately 0.0003. The method was applied to two samples taken from the thigh bone near the knee. Strains were effectively measured in both the elastic and postyield regimes of material behavior, and the spatial patterns showed clear relationships to the sample microarchitectures.
Criteria and procedures for cast trimming.

Abstract Other techniques for cast preparation have been described. 1–4 However, the techniques for trimming unmounted and mounted casts described in this article (1) allow fabrication of casts which fulfill the needs of most practicing dentists, (2) offer accuracy for examination, treatment planning, and consultation, and (3) offer professionally appealing dental casts. Only standard and commonly used dental materials and instruments are necessary. Criteria are defined which aid in evaluation of completed casts.
DIAM II: The binary infological level and its database language - FORAL

The notion of dividing complex problems into hierarchic levels of abstraction has a long history. Recently this approach under the name, structured programming, has been used in a pragmatic way to simplify the structure of procedural programs. The notion has also been used in the data base area - notable early papers include those of Madnick (1) and Meltzer (2). In these early papers, level structures (for example, involving logical and physical levels) were also relatively pragmatic creations.One new aspect of the DIAM I architecture (3) was that it defined a detailed, relatively formal basis for four levels of abstraction and the mappings between these levels. Each level had a small set of primitive generalized building blocks, each with its own small permanent set of parameters. By specifying values for these parameters, the user could define essentially any reasonable data structure and file organization he wished for his stored information.
Academic activities and tasks in first-year teachers' classes

Abstract How beginning teachers organize instruction and the reasons for their decisions were explored. Four first-year, middle school teachers — two in science and two in reading — were observed and interviewed. Substantial differences among the teachers' activity and task structures were found. A number of factors contributed to these differences, including the extent of assistance from other teachers in planning instruction, preservice preparation in the content field, congruence of the student teaching setting with the first year assignment, and managerial capability.
Drag and heat transfer on surfaces with small longitudinal fins

An investigation is conducted regarding the drag characteristics of longitudinally ribbed surfaces using various configurations which attempt to confine the turbulent wall bursts to regions of small transverse extent in the initial birth region. The ratio of heat transfer increase to drag increase for the high area ratio rib configurations is determined and the heat transfer efficiency of the present surfaces is compared with data found in the literature. The drag data obtained indicate local 'wetted area skin friction' reductions but due to the increased surface area the planform drag is increased in most instances. There is no indication of drag reduction with the rectangular ribbed models that had sharp leading and fin tip edges. Heat transfer data indicate that several of the triangular grooved models have efficiencies approximately 10 percent higher than that of a smooth flat plate.
On the Quasistatic Approximation for Helicoidal Bianisotropic Mediums

ABSTRACT The quasistatic approximation is implemented for general, linear, helicoidal bianisotropic mediums. A pair of coupled ordinary differential equations with periodic coefficients emerges for scalar electric and magnetic potentials. These equations reduce to coupled one-dimensional Laplace equations for axially varying potentials. A matrix polynomial expansion technique is devised for nonaxially varying potentials. The electric potential in a cholesteric liquid crystal is solved using a series solution technique.
Scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of C70 thin films

Abstract Thin films of C 70 on HOP6 graphite were examined by scanning tunneling microscopy. A slightly distorted hexagonal 2D lattice and ellipsoidal molecular structure were observed.
Genetic basis of male sexual behavior

Male sexual behavior is increasingly the focus of genetic study in a variety of animals. Genetic analysis in the soil roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has lead to identification of genes and circuits that govern behaviors ranging from motivation and mate-searching to courtship and copulation. Some worm and fly genes have counterparts with related functions in higher animals and many more such correspondences can be expected. Analysis of mutations in mammals can potentially lead to insights into such issues as monogamous versus promiscuous sexual behavior and sexual orientation. Genetic analysis of sexual behavior has implications for understanding how the nervous system generates and controls a complex behavior. It can also help us to gain an appreciation of how behavior is encoded by genes and their regulatory sequences.
Digital Acquisition System For Photo-Electronic Radiology-A Performance Overview

A digital video acquisition system has been built and is being expanded to evaluate the feasibility of photoelectronic radiology. The system uses specially designed photo-electronic imaging devices to eliminate the use of film as the primary recording medium for radiography. The initial studies using this system have been directed toward intravenous angiography by subtraction techniques. A system performance overview and clinical examples are presented.
Mediation effects of problem drinking and marijuana use on HIV sexual risk behaviors among childhood sexually abused South African heterosexual men.

HIV/AIDS prevalence in South Africa is one of the highest in the world with heterosexual, transmission predominantly promoting the epidemic. The goal of this study is to examine whether, marijuana use and problem drinking mediate the relationship between histories of childhood sexual, abuse (CSA) and HIV risk behaviors among heterosexual men. Participants were 1181 Black men aged, 18–45 from randomly selected neighborhoods in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Audio computer assisted, self-interviewing was used to assess self-reported childhood sexual abuse, problem drinking, and marijuana (dagga) use, and HIV sexual transmission behavior with steady and casual partners. Data were analyzed using multiple meditational modeling. There was more support for problem, drinking than marijuana use as a mediator. Findings suggest that problem drinking and marijuana use, mediate HIV sexual risk behaviors in men with histories of CSA. Focusing on men with histories of CSA, and their use of marijuana and alcohol may be particularly useful for designing strategies to reduce, HIV sexual transmission in South Africa.
Superior Capacity Retention Spinel Oxyfluoride Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Spinel Limn 2-y-z Li y M 2 O 4-η F η (M = Ti, Ni, and Cu) oxyfluoride cathodes have been synthesized by firing the cation-substituted LiMn 2-y-z Li y M z O 4 oxides with NH 4 HF 2 at a moderate temperature of 450°C. With this low-temperature approach, fluorine contents up to η = 0.21 could be incorporated into the spinel lattice. The oxyfluoride compositions such as LiMn 1.8 Li 0.1 Ni 0.1 O 3.8 F 0.21 exhibit excellent capacity retention at 60°C with capacities over 100 mAh/g and good rate capability. The superior electrochemical performance is found to be due to a smaller lattice parameter difference between the two cubic phases formed during the charge-discharge process and the consequent suppressed manganese dissolution.
Fatty acid composition of blood plasma lipids of normal and ketotic cows.

Abstract Blood plasma lipid fractions and their component fatty acids were determined on six normal cows: two each of the Guernsey, Holstein, and Jersey breeds; and on two cows with clinical ketosis, one each of the Guernsey and Jersey breeds. Breed differences, either in lipid fractions or component fatty acids, were minor. The total plasma lipids were reduced to approximately two-thirds of normal in the ketotic cows. All lipid fractions, except free fatty acids which were elevated tenfold, declined. Ketotic cows exhibited compositional changes in all lipid fractions. Palmitic acid was elevated in all lipid fractions except free fatty acids. Stearic acid decreased and oleic acid was increased. Linoleic acid, appearing primarily in the phospholipids and cholesterol esters, decreased in these fractions in the ketotic cow. These compositional changes and lowered total lipids suggest metabolic changes in the liver of ketotic cows.
Effect of tryptophan depletion on impulsive behavior in men with or without a family history of alcoholism.

This study investigated the effects of acute serotonin depletion on two measures of impulsive behavior in healthy men with a family history of alcoholism. Serotonin has been implicated in several forms of impulsive behavior, as well as in the etiology of Type II alcoholism. The present study was designed to determine if an acute disturbance of serotonin function would increase impulsive responding on two behavioral indices of impulsivity, and whether this effect would be greater in individuals with a genetic predisposition to alcoholism. Forty healthy men, half of whom had an alcoholic father, participated in a two-session study. Subjects ingested a tryptophan-depleting diet on one session and a balanced diet on the other session, and completed tasks measuring behavioral inhibition and delay discounting. Tryptophan depletion impaired performance on the behavioral inhibition task in the males with a positive family history, relative to the males without alcoholic relatives, whereas it improved behavioral inhibition in the family history negative group. Tryptophan depletion had negligible effects on mood, and it did not alter performance on the delay discounting task. The results provide partial support for the hypothesis that impulsive behavior is related to low serotonin function, and further suggests that the role of serotonin depends on genetic factors related to alcoholism. The results complement the results of a parallel study investigating the effects of serotonin depletion on a similar behavioral inhibition procedure in rats. Parallel studies in rats and humans are important to validate the large body of neurobiological research with non-human species to humans.