cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Dissection of a Key Reproductive Barrier Between Nascent Species of House Mice

Reproductive isolation between species is often caused by deleterious interactions among loci in hybrids. Finding the genes involved in these incompatibilities provides insight into the mechanisms of speciation. With recently diverged subspecies, house mice provide a powerful system for understanding the genetics of reproductive isolation early in the speciation process. Although previous studies have yielded important clues about the genetics of hybrid male sterility in house mice, they have been restricted to F1 sterility or incompatibilities involving the X chromosome. To provide a more complete characterization of this key reproductive barrier, we conducted an F2 intercross between wild-derived inbred strains from two subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus musculus and Mus musculus domesticus. We identified a suite of autosomal and X-linked QTL that underlie measures of hybrid male sterility, including testis weight, sperm density, and sperm morphology. In many cases, the autosomal loci were unique to a specific sterility trait and exhibited an effect only when homozygous, underscoring the importance of examining reproductive barriers beyond the F1 generation. We also found novel two-locus incompatibilities between the M. m. musculus X chromosome and M. m. domesticus autosomal alleles. Our results reveal a complex genetic architecture for hybrid male sterility and suggest a prominent role for reproductive barriers in advanced generations in maintaining subspecies integrity in house mice.
Optical and resistivity studies of intercalated layer compounds

Abstract The optical absorption of three layered compounds has been studied at 4K between 0·1 and 3·0eV. The three compounds, TaS 1·6 Se 0·4 , TaS 1·6 Se 0·4 (pyridine) 1/2 , and TaS 1·6 Se 0·4 (aniline) 3/4 have layer separations of 6·14, 12·09 and 18·07 A, respectively. Well-defined, free-carrier absorption edges exist near 1.0 eV in all three materials, from which values of the plasma frequency, the interband dielectric constant, and the optical scattering time were derived using the Drude theory. As the layer spacing increases both the plasma frequency and the dielectric constant decrease. The scattering time is short, 3 × 10 −15 sec, and almost independent of layer spacing. The calculated d.c. resistivity is consistent with the measured value in two of the three compounds. The variations of plasma frequency and dielectric constant with layer spacing are successfully interpreted in terms of a simple model which assumes the organic material acts as a dielectric separating metallic layers unchanged by its presence. Although a number of possibilities are put forward, no complete explanation is given for the short relaxation time in these compounds.
Do race-specific models explain disparities in treatments after acute myocardial infarction?

Background Racial differences in healthcare are well known, although some have challenged previous research where risk-adjustment assumed covariates affect whites and blacks equally. If incorrect, this assumption may misestimate disparities. We sought to determine whether clinical factors affect treatment decisions for blacks and whites equally. Methods We used data from the Cardiovascular Cooperative Project for 130 709 white and 8286 black patients admitted with an acute myocardial infarction. We examined the rates of receipt of 6 treatments using conventional common-effects models, where covariates affect whites and blacks equally, and race-specific models, where the effect of each covariate can vary by race. Results The common-effects models showed that blacks were less likely to receive 5 of the 6 treatments (odds ratios 0.64-1.10). The race-specific models displayed nearly identical treatment disparities (odds ratios 0.65-1.07). We found no interaction effect, which systematically suggested the presence of race-specific effects. Conclusions Race-specific models yield nearly identical estimates of racial disparities to those obtained from conventional models. This suggests that clinical variables, such as hypertension or diabetes, seem to affect treatment decisions equally for whites and blacks. Previously described racial disparities in care are unlikely to be an artifact of misspecified models.
Vulvodynia Interventions—Systematic Review and Evidence Grading

Introduction:State of the art guidance exists for management of vulvodynia, but the scientific basis for interventions has not been well described. Although there are many interventional therapies, and their use is increasing, there is also uncertainty or controversy about their efficacy.Objective:T
A review of ferrites for microwave applications

Ferrimagnetic materials for microwave applications are reviewed with emphasis on the more recent advances. Specific areas of discussion include temperature sensitivity of the magnetization, microwave loss phenomena and the concept of effective linewidth, and the hysteresis loop in terms of the factors which influence its coercive force, remanence ratio, and stress sensitivity. The relations between specific chemical substitutions and the attendant magnetic properties are then summarized for the various spinel and garnet ferrite families of interest to the microwave device engineer. Finally, the ceramic preparation of ferrite materials is outlined with special focus on some of the newer techniques.
Biogeography in a Continental Island: Population Structure of the Relict Endemic Centipede Craterostigmus tasmanianus (Chilopoda, Craterostigmomorpha) in Tasmania Using 16S rRNA and COI

We used 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence data to investigate the population structure in the centipede Craterostigmus tasmanianus Pocock, 1902 (Chilopoda: Craterostigmomorpha: Craterostigmidae) and to look for possible barriers to gene flow on the island of Tasmania, where C. tasmanianus is a widespread endemic. We first confirmed a molecular diagnostic character in 28S rRNA separating Tasmanian Craterostigmus from its sister species Craterostigmus crabilli (Edgecombe and Giribet 2008) in New Zealand and found no shared polymorphism in this marker for the 2 species. In Tasmania, analysis of molecular variance analysis showed little variation at the 16S rRNA and COI loci within populations (6% and 13%, respectively), but substantial variation (56% and 48%, respectively) among populations divided geographically into groups. We found no clear evidence of isolation by distance using a Mantel test. Bayesian clustering and gene network analysis both group the C. tasmanianus populations in patterns which are broadly concordant with previously known biogeographical divisions within Tasmania, but we did not find that genetic distance varied in a simple way across cluster boundaries. The coarse-scale geographical sampling on which this study was based should be followed in the future by sampling at a finer spatial scale and to investigate genetic structure within clusters and across cluster boundaries.
Mucosal Administration of Heat Shock Protein-65 Decreases Atherosclerosis and Inflammation in Aortic Arch of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice

Background—Increasing evidence supports the involvement of inflammation and immunity in atherogenesis as well as the role of autoimmunity to heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the progression of atherosclerosis. Mucosal administration of autoantigens decreases organ-specific inflammation and disease in several models of autoimmunity (diabetes, arthritis, and encephalomyelitis) and is also being tested in human clinical trials. Methods and Results—We examined the effect of nasal or oral administration of mycobacterial HSP-65 on atherosclerotic lesion formation in mice lacking the receptor for LDL that were maintained on a high-cholesterol diet. Animals were nasally or orally treated for 1 week with HSP-65, and a high-cholesterol diet was started after the last treatment. The mice were mucosally treated once a week for 8 or 12 weeks, at which time pathological analysis was performed. We found a significant decrease in the size of atherosclerotic plaques, a reduction in macrophage-positive area in the aortic arch, increased interleukin-10 expression, and a reduced number of T cells in nasally treated animals compared with control animals. A similar trend was observed in orally treated mice, but it was not significant. Conclusions—Our results demonstrate that nasal vaccination with HSP reduces the inflammatory process associated with atherosclerosis and provides a new immunologic approach for the treatment of atherosclerosis. (Circulation. 2002;106:1708-1715.)
Detection of Non-palpable Prostate Cancer. A Mathematical and Laboratory Model

Summary-Prostate cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer among males in the United States. As technology improves and the search for this enigmatic condition intensifies, we are detecting greater numbers of non-palpable tumours. These tumours are generally treated aggressively, given the uncertainty of their behaviour, but this approach may be over-zealous for small volume disease. The likelihood of detecting any cancer volume can be derived from Bayes' theorem of conditional probability. A laboratory model using coloured clay was created to contrast tumour volumes of 2.5,5 and 20% (n = 75). Six random systematic biopsies were then taken from each model in a blind fashion; 36% of the 2.5%, 44% of the 5% and all of the 20% models had at least 1 positive biopsy. Twenty-two of the 25 models representing 20% tumour had 3 or more biopsy cores positive. These data suggest that low volume disease with low biological potential will be found by random biopsy as the mathematical probability predicts. The high incidence of occult prostate cancer in the older population makes this a worrying observation. Also, and perhaps more important, there is a direct correlation between the volume of disease and the number of positive biopsies. This correlation is easily seen in both models and may allow for an estimation of tumour volume. This ability to estimate tumour volume may be a useful clinical tool that helps to guide therapy and assess prognosis.
The Heterolytic Dissociation of Neutral and Protonated Nitrous Acid

Structures, energies, and vibrational properties of HONO and H2ONO + and of their dissociation products NO + ,H O - , and water were studied with the DFT methods B3LYP and MPW1PW91 and with the configurational methods MP2, QCISD, QCISD(T), CCSD, and CCSD(T) in conjunction with the basis sets 6-31G**, 6-31++G**, 6-311G**, 6-311++G**, 6-311++G(2d,p), and 6-311++G(2df,2p). The multilevel methods G1, G2, G2(MP2), G3, and CBS-Q also were employed. The experimental trans-preference energy ¢E0 Pref ) 1.555 ( 0.167 kJ/mol of HONO is reproduced well at all levels with good basis sets. On the basis of the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2p) energies and the thermochemical data, our best computed estimate is ¢E0 Pref ) 1.83 kJ/mol. The experimental heterolytic bond dissociation energy of ¢E0 ) 917.80 kJ/mol for HONO and of ¢H298 ) 77.3 kJ/mol for H2ONO + are more difficult to reproduce. At the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2df,2p) level, we found ¢E0 ) 925.5 kJ/mol and ¢H298 ) 81.6 kJ/mol. The MP2, QCISD, and CCSD methods yield reasonable results when used with larger basis sets. The G2 method as well as the G2-mimics G2(MP2) and G3 also yield reasonable results. The density functional methods performed significantly worse than the MP2(full), QCISD, and CCSD methods. The structures of E- and Z-HONO, of the electrostatic complex H2ONO + , and of the dissociation products also are discussed. Effects of aqueous solvation were examined with the IPCM method at DFT, MP2, and QCISD levels with the 6-311++G(2df,2p) basis set. Only the proton-catalyzed heterolysis plays a role at ambient temperatures, and our results suggests different mechanisms for NO + formation in gas-phase and in solution.
On-demand sharing of a high-resolution panorama video from networked robotic cameras

Due to their flexibility in coverage and resolution, networked robotic cameras become more and more popular in applications such as natural observation, security surveillance, and distance learning. Equipped with a high optical zoom lens, a networked robotic camera can generate a giga-pixel-level panorama to cover its viewable region. As new live frames enter the system, this panorama can be updated as a panorama video. User requests are usually not limited to the current camera frame. A user may request a specific region associated with a specific time window. To satisfy different spatiotemporal requests for multiple concurrent users, we present systems and algorithms to allow the on-demand sharing of the high-resolution panorama video. The high-resolution panorama video is encoded into a patch-based representation to allow efficient storage and on-demand content delivery. We present system architecture, user interface, data representation, and encoding/decoding algorithms. In the experiment, we have implemented the system using the MPEG-2 codec. Experimental results show that our system can not only satisfy different spatiotemporal queries but also significantly reduce computation time and communication bandwidth requirement.
A wireless sensor network-based heliostat system using real-time image processing techniques

In this paper a new concept of heliostat system to maximize the amount of solar energy projected onto the focus is introduced. Its principle consists to use a single CCD camera to track in real-time the three dimensional (3D) motion of the sun and to broadcast this information to all the mirrors of the system in a wireless manner. Each of these mirrors is controlled by an independent control unit, the task of which is to rotate the associated mirror around its center and in 3D space in such a way to provide the maximal reflection of the solar energy onto the focus. Experimental results on a hardware prototype system indicate the feasibility of the concept to track a source of light in an indoor environment at the image frame rate.
Instantaneous deformation from continuous GPS: Contributions from quasi-periodic loads

SUMMARY Continuous GPS (CGPS) coordinate time-series are known to experience repeating deformation signals with seasonal and other periods. It is unlikely that these signals represent perfect sinusoids with temporally constant amplitude. We develop an analysis method that accommodates temporal variations in the amplitudes of sinusoidal signals. We apply the method to simulated coordinate time-series to numerically explore the potential consequences of neglecting decadal variation in amplitude of annual motions on the residual-error spectra of CGPS measurements, as well as potential bias in estimates for secular site velocity. We find that secular velocity bias can be appreciable for shorter time-series, and that residual-error time-series of longer duration may contain significant power in a broad band centred on semiannual frequency if temporal variation in the amplitude of annual motions is not accounted for in the model used to reduce the observations to residuals. It may be difficult to differentiate the bandpass filtered signature of mismodelled loading signals from power-law noise, using residual-error spectra for shorter time-series. We provide an example application to a ∼9-yr coordinate time-series for a CGPS station located in southern California at Carbon Creek Control Structure (CCCS), which is known to experience large amplitude seasonal motions associated with the Santa Ana aquifer system.
Corrosion study of an Al-Cu alloy exposed to reactive ion etching

Abstract The purpose of this work has been to determine relative effects of the very aggressive reactive ion etch (RIE) and post-RIE cleaning steps on the corrosion behavior of the Al-Cu films. The samples were prepared under broadly varied but controlled conditions, in a form amenable to analysis by either electrochemical or temperature/humidity (T/H) tests coupled with resistance measurements. Electrochemical data obtained in a droplet of triple-distilled water are correlated with the residual surface impurities evaluated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and, in parallel, ion chromatography (IC), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The results provide clear information about the material-process interaction and allow selection of the most effective process sequence to minimize corrosion risks.
Individualism-collectivism and group creativity.

Current research in organizational behavior suggests that organizations should adopt collectivistic values because they promote cooperation and productivity, while individualistic values should be avoided because they incite destructive conflict and opportunism. In this paper, we highlight one possible benefit of individualistic values that has not previously been considered. Because individualistic values can encourage uniqueness, such values might be useful when creativity is a desired outcome. Although we hypothesize that individualistic groups should be more creative than collectivistic groups, we also consider an important competing hypothesis: given that collectivistic groups are more responsive to norms, they might be more creative than individualistic groups when given explicit instructions to be creative. The results did not support this competing hypothesis and instead show that individualistic groups instructed to be creative are more creative than collectivistic groups given the same instructions. These results suggest that individualistic values may be beneficial, especially when creativity is a salient goal.
A5-Positive Primary Sensory Neurons Are Nonpermissive for Productive Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 In Vitro

Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) establish latency and express the latency-associated transcript (LAT) preferentially in different murine sensory neuron populations, with most HSV-1 LAT expression in A5 neurons and most HSV-2 LAT expression in KH10 neurons. To study the mechanisms regulating the establishment of HSV latency in specific subtypes of neurons, cultured dissociated adult murine trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons were assessed for relative permissiveness for productive infection. In contrast to that for neonatal TG, the relative distribution of A5 and KH10 neurons in cultured adult TG was similar to that seen in vivo. Productive infection with HSV was restricted, and only 45% of cultured neurons could be productively infected with either HSV-1 or HSV-2. A5 neurons supported productive infection with HSV-2 but were selectively nonpermissive for productive infection with HSV-1, a phenomenon that was not due to restricted viral entry or DNA uncoating, since HSV-1 expressing -galactosidase under the control of the neurofilament promoter was detected in 90% of cultured neurons, with no preference for any neuronal subtype. Infection with HSV-1 reporter viruses expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from immediate early (IE), early, and late gene promoters indicated that the block to productive infection occurred before IE gene expression. Trichostatin A treatment of quiescently infected neurons induced productive infection preferentially from non-A5 neurons, demonstrating that the nonpermissive neuronal subtype is also nonpermissive for reactivation. Thus, HSV-1 is capable of entering the majority of sensory neurons in vitro; productive infection occurs within a subset of these neurons; and this differential distribution of productive infection is determined at or before the expression of the viral IE genes. Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) replication at the periphery is accompanied by infection of neuronal axons and subsequent retrograde axonal transport to cell bodies of primary sensory neurons, where infection may follow either a productive or a latent pathway. For some neurons, lytic gene expression and progeny virus production are thought to result in cell death, while in other neurons, the productive cycle fails and the virus establishes a latent infection. The factors that determine whether HSV progresses through a productive cycle or establishes latency are not clear. It is suspected that different neuronal subtypes and/or the presence or absence of certain host factors may be critical in determining the outcome
Why Restaurants Fail? Part II - The Impact of Affiliation, Location, and Size on Restaurant Failures: Results from a Survival Analysis

It has been suggested that changes in organizational populations are shaped by a natural (biological) selection process. Industries and businesses evolve through standard and identifiable phases throughout their lifespan. This study analyzed organizational mortality in the restaurant sector based on restaurant location, affiliation (presence/no presence of multi-unit locations of restaurants in a given geographical area), and size. Objectives of this study are to understand organizational failure from a population ecology perspective and, specifically, to identify the influences of location, competitive density, and organizational size on restaurant failure. The analyses indicated all three variables—location, affiliation, and size—are significant influences on restaurants' mortality. Chain restaurants were found to have significantly lower failure rates than independently owned restaurants. Restaurants that are smaller in size had higher failurerates than large sized restaurants. There is a significant e...
The Costs of Estate Tax Dithering

President Obama was widely criticized for “dithering” over the decision of whether to add more troops in the Afghanistan War. Yet Presidents and Congresses over the past decade escaped similar opprobrium for “dithering” in the face of the long-scheduled one-year repeal of the estate tax beginning January 1, 2010, to be followed by the reinstatement of the tax on January 1, 2011. Although the “smart money” agreed after the passage of the Bush tax cuts in 2001 that the Administration and Congress would never allow the repeal-reinstatement scenario to play out, that is precisely where we now find ourselves. In this TePoel Lecture and Keynote Address, delivered at Creighton University School of Law on April 16, 2010 as part of a Symposium on Estate Planning: Moral, Ethical, and Religious Perspectives, I discuss what the failure to enact a new estate tax law by the end of 2009 tells us about the state of our tax law and politics.The lecture first discusses the history and purpose of the estate tax (and companion gift tax and generation-skipping tax). For eighty-five years, there was a rough consensus that the estate tax raised needed revenue, enhanced the progressivity of the tax system, and helped curb concentrations of wealth, in line with the experience of other countries. But the estate tax consensus evaporated in the United States during the 1990s and 2000s, as anti-tax advocates turned large swaths of the public and politicians against the estate tax, culminating in the 2001 Bush tax cuts (which unfolded in a context very similar to the recent health care reform legislation). It is especially ironic that the political establishment allowed the estate tax to expire at a time with a greater need than ever for the revenues, progressivity, and wealth redistribution produced by the estate tax. The lecture discusses several consequences of the expiration of the estate tax, including the impact on the timing of deaths and the chaos confronting estate planners, tax lawyers, and accountants during this interregnum period - including the distribution of a decedent’s property where the estate planning documents employ formula clauses tied to the estate tax; the roles of lifetime non-charitable gifts and charitable gifts; the application of the new basis rules in the absence of IRS guidance; and the specter of Congress retroactively bringing back the estate tax. Although a unanimous Supreme Court sixteen years ago (United States v. Carlton, 512 U.S. 26 (1994)) gave a wide constitutional berth to Congress in enacting retroactive tax legislation, each passing day adds to the potential retroactive reach-back and increases the possibility in this Tea Party age that Justice Scalia’s critique of “bait-and-switch” taxation will attract more adherents. The lecture concludes by discussing three recent celebrity deaths - Casey Johnson, Ruth Lilly, and Dan Duncan - and asks whether any of those estates might contest a retroactive re-imposition of the estate tax. In many ways, a successful constitutional challenge would be a fitting denouement to the costs of estate tax dithering.
Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking

Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking. Alice Beck Kehoe. Prospect Heights, 1L: Waveland Press, 2000. 125 pp.
A novel regulatory mechanism of myosin light chain phosphorylation via binding of 14-3-3 to myosin phosphatase.

Myosin II phosphorylation– dependent cell motile events are regulated by myosin light-chain (MLC) kinase and MLC phosphatase (MLCP). Recent studies have revealed myosin phosphatase targeting subunit (MYPT1), a myosin-binding subunit of MLCP, plays a critical role in MLCP regulation. Here we report the new regulatory mechanism of MLCP via the interaction between 14-3-3 and MYPT1. The binding of 14-3-3 to MYPT1 diminished the direct binding between MYPT1 and myosin II, and 14-3-3 overexpression abolished MYPT1 localization at stress fiber. Furthermore, 14-3-3 inhibited MLCP holoenzyme activity via the interaction with MYPT1. Consistently, 14-3-3 overexpression increased myosin II phosphorylation in cells. We found that MYPT1 phosphorylation at Ser472 was critical for the binding to 14-3-3. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation increased both Ser472 phosphorylation and the binding of MYPT1-14-3-3. Rho-kinase inhibitor inhibited the EGF-induced Ser472 phosphorylation and the binding of MYPT1-14-3-3. Rho-kinase specific siRNA also decreased EGF-induced Ser472 phosphorylation correlated with the decrease in MLC phosphorylation. The present study revealed a new RhoA/Rho-kinase– dependent regulatory mechanism of myosin II phosphorylation by 14-3-3 that dissociates MLCP from myosin II and attenuates MLCP activity.
Reliability analysis techniques for complex multiple fault tolerant computer architectures

Several issues on reliability analysis of complex multiple-fault-tolerant computer systems are addressed, and techniques are developed to reduce the complexity of the reliability model. Two-fault-tolerant architectural concepts (the matrix-voter-based architecture, MVA, and the channel-voter-based architecture, CVA) developed for a computer node in a distributed embedded environment are used as examples. These two architectures are analyzed including the dynamics of transient and intermittent faults. The relationship between the number of retries and its effect upon system reliability has been analyzed for various average transient lifetimes. The MVA, although structurally regular, is more challenging for reliability analysis than the CVA. The system unreliability decreases as the reliability of the MVA is rather insensitive to the bus-interface unit failures. For the same parameter values, the MVA has an unreliability 1/10 that of the CVA. >
Freud on play, games, and sports fanaticism.

Much has been written in the secondary literature on Freud's aggression-release perspective vis-a-vis competitive sports. Very little has been written, however, on Freud's own explicit contribution to play, games, and sport. That is likely the result of Freud's reluctance to take up them--especially from the gamesman's and sportsman's points of view. One can, however, tease out the development of Freud's thoughts on games, play, and sport through a careful examination of his corpus over time. In doing so, one finds an early view of play and games, where the drives behind those activities are self- and other-preservative, and a later view, where Freud introduces his death drive. The article ends with some notions on what Freud might have said on the fanaticism that accompanies competitive sport, had he expressly taken up the issue.
Changing Preservice Teachers’ Attitudes/Beliefs About Diversity What are the Critical Factors?

This study focused on determining whether there are particular factors that may be associated with the development of greater multicultural awareness and sensitivity in preservice teachers. The researcher conducted extensive interviews with one 22-year-old White female teacher candidate and identified six factors that appeared to play a critical role in her positive multicultural development. Three of the factors were dispositional and included openness to diversity, self-awareness/self-reflectiveness, and commitment to social justice. The other three factors were experiential and included intercultural experiences, support group experiences, and educational experiences. Several implications of the study are discussed.
On the recursive solution of the normal equations of bilateral multivariate autoregressive models

A multivariate version of the bilateral autoregressive (AR) model is proposed, and a recursive algorithm is presented to solve the normal equations of the bilateral multivariate AR models. The recursive algorithm is computationally efficient and easy to implement as a computer program. The recursive algorithm is useful for identifying and smoothing not only bilateral multivariate AR processes but multidimensional multivariate AR processes and multivariate spatio-temporal processes as well.
Separation of cobalt and nickel by liquid-liquid extraction and supported liquid membranes with di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (cyanex 272)

Abstract The separation of Co from Ni by the new extractant di (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid, H(DTMPP) or CYANEX 272, was studied by liquid-liquid extraction and by supported liquid membranes, SLM. The following extraction stoichiometrics and conditional equilibrium constants were evaluated using toluene as organic diluent and [NH4NO3[ = 0·3 M as aqueous medium Co2+ + 2 (R^fp ^ Co(HX2)2 + 2H+, Ke = 6 x 10"8 Ni2+ + 3 (H^) 5* Ni(HX2)2.(H2X2) + 2H+, Kg = 1 x 10"10 where H2X2 is the dimeric form of H(DTMPP). The extraction of Co and Ni was also studied using the diluent mixture 67% decalin + 33% diisopropylbenzene, which is compatible with the polypropylene membrane supports, and a 1 M acetate buffer aqueous medium The permeation of Co and Ni through SLMs, containing H(DTMPP) as carrier was also studied. From the detailed study of the permeation process through flat-sheet SLMs as function of aqueous pH, membrane carrier concentration and stirring rate of the aqueous solutions the numerical values of ...
Methods of purification of CTL-derived exosomes.

Exosomes are membrane nanovesicles (approximately 0.2 μm) shed from the plasma membrane. Although the functions of exosomes in vivo are beginning to be elucidated, increasing evidence suggests that exosomes constitute a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication, transferring antigens, proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs among cells. Interestingly, effector T cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) release death-inducing molecules of the TNF superfamily through exosomes contained in their cytotoxic granules. The present chapter provides basic protocols for purification of exosomes secreted by CTLs.
Structure of synthetic 6-line ferrihydrite by electron nanodiffraction

Single-crystal electron diffraction patterns of nanocrystals in two samples of synthetic six-line ferrihydrite (6LFh) were obtained using electron nanodiffraction to produce diffraction patterns from areas between ~0.7 and 5 nm across. One of the samples was synthesized at 75 °C by a conventional method; the other was synthesized by a recently developed room-temperature technique. Structures of individual nanocrystals were investigated by comparing experimental and simulated electron-diffraction patterns. The most common structure in each sample is based on double-hexagonal (ABAC) stacking of close-packed oxygen layers, and is similar to the “defect-free ferrihydrite” structure proposed by Drits and co-workers. Nanocrystals with maghemite- or magnetite-like structures and structures similar to those in two-line ferrihydrite (2LFh) occur less commonly in both samples. The sample synthesized at room temperature has a small amount of hematite, which was not found in nanodiffraction patterns from the 75 °C sample. The most common structure in 6LFh is distinct from those previously determined by nanodiffraction of 2LFh, indicating that 6LFh is not simply a more crystalline form of 2LFh.
Imaging of N-Linked Glycans from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Sections Using MALDI Mass Spectrometry

Aberrant glycosylation is associated with most of the diseases. Direct imaging and profiling of N-glycans on tissue sections can reveal tissue-specific and/or disease-associated N-glycans, which not only could serve as molecular signatures for diagnosis but also shed light on the functional roles of these biomolecules. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool that has been used to correlate peptides, proteins, lipids, and metabolites with their underlying histopathology in tissue sections. Here, we report an MSI technique for direct analysis of N-glycans from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues. This technique consists of sectioning FFPE tissues, deparaffinization, and rehydration of the sections, denaturing tissue proteins, releasing N-linked glycans from proteins by printing peptide-N-glycosidase F over the sections, spray-coating the tissue with matrix, and analyzing N-glycans by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Brain sections from a C57BL/...
The developmental origins of disease: implications for primary prevention of diseases in children (and the rest of us)

Recent research into the developmental origins of disease, revealing risks to children, shows why the vast majority of laws in the U.S. and probably those of many other countries poorly protect children from toxic substances, and what we might learn from this for other circumstances. Once we recognize numerous limitations of current laws, it becomes incumbent upon decision makers to find and adopt strategies to better protect children. In the first instance, laws that permit exposures of chemical substances to children and adults without any knowledge of their toxicity should be modified a) to require toxicity testing of new products and b) to increase the toxicity testing of products (and pollutants) already in commerce. Because instituting the political change that would likely be necessary, in the short to intermediate term scientists should seek to use existing scientific tools to more quickly identify toxic products and to develop new types of studies with the goal of better preventing harm to the public. Scientific research may to some extent compensate for legal inaction.
Collision of Fano Resonances in a Molecular Ring

We examine new effects arising from the collision of Fano dipole resonances as affecting the transmission through an Aharonov-Bohm (AB) ring. The behavior of the zeros of the transmission amplitude as a function of magnetic field is investigated for various coupling integrals between quantum dots in the ring. It is shown that the collision of two Fano-dipoles forms a new quasi-particle, which behaves as a coupled object called a Fano-quadrupole.
Case study: Idiopathic hemothorax in a patient with status asthmaticus.

AbstractIntroduction: Idiopathic spontaneous hemothorax has been rarely described in the literature. Case Study: A case of status asthmaticus and spontaneous hemothorax is described in a 29-year-old female of African descent who presented to the emergency room after 2 days of severe cough productive of yellow sputum, otalgia, sore throat, subjective fevers, chills, headache, progressive wheezing, chest tightness and dyspnea. She had a history of 7 years of asthma and was non-adherent with her controller asthma medications. Prophylactic subcutaneous administration of enoxaparin 40 milligrams was initiated upon hospitalization. The patient initially had a normal chest radiograph but subsequently developed a large, left hemothorax that required tube thoracostomy placement followed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Results: The patient was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and tube thoracostomy resulted in evacuation of 1,400 milliliters of blood-like fluid, which had a pleural fluid ...
Unstable Correlations between Atmospheric CO2 and Surface Temperature

Detrended correlation analysis in the sample period 1958-2015 shows the expected logarithmic relationship between atmospheric CO2 concentration and surface temperature at an annual time scale. However, the correlation is found to be sensitive to small changes in endpoints that define the sample period. The extent of this instability is described and a resampling procedure is demonstrated for a robust estimation of the statistical significance of correlation under these conditions.
An Explanation of the Distinction between Developmental Factors and Mechanisms.

This paper provides five clear, relatable examples that can help students understand the distinction between the term “factors” and “mechanisms” in Developmental Psychology. The examples emphasize ...
The Adult Body Plan of Indirect Developing Hemichordates Develops by Adding a Hox-Patterned Trunk to an Anterior Larval Territory.

Summary Many animals are indirect developers with distinct larval and adult body plans [1]. The molecular basis of differences between larval and adult forms is often poorly understood, adding a level of uncertainty to comparative developmental studies that use data from both indirect and direct developers. Here we compare the larval and adult body plans of an indirect developing hemichordate, Schizocardium californicum [2]. We describe the expression of 27 transcription factors with conserved roles in deuterostome ectodermal anteroposterior (AP) patterning in developing embryos, tornaria larvae, and post-metamorphic juveniles and show that the tornaria larva of S. californicum is transcriptionally similar to a truncated version of the adult. The larval ectoderm has an anterior molecular signature, while most of the trunk, defined by the expression of hox1 – 7 , is absent. Posterior ectodermal activation of Hox is initiated in the late larva prior to metamorphosis, in preparation for the transition to the adult form, in which the AP axis converges on a molecular architecture similar to that of the direct developing hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii . These results identify a molecular correlate of a major difference in body plan between hemichordate larval and adult forms and confirm the hypothesis that deuterostome larvae are "swimming heads" [3]. This will allow future comparative studies with hemichordates to take into account molecular differences caused by early life history evolution within the phylum. Additionally, comparisons with other phyla suggest that a delay in trunk development is a feature of indirect development shared across distantly related phyla.
Chapter II.4.3 - The Biodegradation of Biodegradable Polymeric Biomaterials

Numerous biodegradable biomaterials, both of synthetic and natural origin, have been investigated and play a critical role in clinical applications, as well as laboratory research. While almost all polymers will degrade eventually, only those with therapeutically-relevant degradation rates are considered biodegradable, and are the focus of this chapter. Synthetic biodegradable polymers are particularly intriguing, they can be synthesized in a highly controllable and reproducible manner, with defined material properties and user-designed degradability. The lack of immunogenicity of synthetic polymers also enhances their potential in clinical applications. The past few decades have seen great advances in the design and applications of synthetic polymeric biodegradable materials through theoretical and experimental investigations, they have found numerous applications, particularly in the fields of drug delivery and tissue engineering. This chapter discusses the fundamental aspects of biodegradation of synthetic polymeric biomaterials, including: (1) the types of biodegradable chemical bonds that are commonly designed into biomaterials; (2) the degradation modes, mechanisms, and kinetics of biodegradation; and (3) the effect of biodegradation on material properties relevant to their biomedical applications, including drug delivery and tissue engineering.
Coupling fast fluid dynamics and multizone airflow models in Modelica Buildings library to simulate the dynamics of HVAC systems

Multizone models are widely used in building airflow and energy performance simulations due to their fast computing speed. However, multizone models assume that the air in a room is well mixed, consequently limiting their application. In specific rooms where this assumption fails, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models may be an alternative option. Previous research has mainly focused on coupling CFD models and multizone models to study airflow in large spaces. While significant, most of these analyses did not consider the coupled simulation of the building airflow with the building's Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. This paper tries to fill the gap by integrating the models for HVAC systems with coupled multizone and CFD simulations for airflows, using the Modelica simulation platform. To improve the computational efficiency, we incorporated a simplified CFD model named fast fluid dynamics (FFD). We first introduce the data synchronization strategy and implementation in Modelica. Then, we verify the implementation using two case studies involving an isothermal and a non-isothermal flow by comparing model simulations to experiment data. Afterward, we study another three cases that are deemed more realistic. This is done by attaching a variable air volume (VAV) terminal box and a VAV system to previous flows to assess the capability of the models in studying the dynamic control of HVAC systems. Finally, we discuss further research needs on the coupled simulation using the models.
Why Internet Access is a Human Right: What We Can Do To Protect It

Although the UN Human Rights Council has increasingly recognized that offline rights, such as the right to free speech and the right to peaceful assembly, should apply online as well, human rights law does not include explicit protections for online expression and association.
Accommodation in the formal world of mathematical thinking

In this study, we examined a mathematician and one of his students’ teaching journals and thought processes concurrently as the class was moving towards the proof of the Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory. We employed Tall's framework of three worlds of mathematical thinking as well as Piaget's notion of accommodation to theoretically study the narratives. This paper reveals the pedagogical challenges of proving an elegant theory as the events unfolded. Although the mathematician was conscious of the students’ abilities as he carefully made the path accessible, the disparity between the mind of the mathematician and the student became apparent.
Reducing Length of Stay Does Not Increase Emergency Room Visits or Readmissions in Patients Undergoing Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasties.

Abstract Background Total hip and total knee arthroplasty (total joint arthroplasty [TJA]) are 2 of the most common elective surgeries. Identifying which patients are at highest risk for emergency room (ER) visits or readmissions within 90 days of surgery and the reasons for return are crucial to formulate ways to decrease these visits and improve patient outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective review of a consecutive series of 7466 unilateral primary TJA performed from July 2013 to June 2017; any patients who had an ER visit or readmission in the first 90 days after surgery were identified, and a detailed chart review was performed. Patients discharged home or to rehab were analyzed separately. Results Three hundred thirty-six (4.5%) patients had 380 ER visits and 250 (3.3%) patients had 291 readmissions in the first 90 days after TJA. Patients returning to the ER were equivalent to those who did not. Patients who went to a rehab facility on discharge were significantly more likely to be readmitted ( P = .000). Patients who were readmitted had a higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score ( P = .000). Length of stay decreased over the study period from 2.66 days to 1.63 days, while the number of unplanned interventions remained steady. Pain and swelling was the most common reason for return for ER visits (33.2%) and readmissions (14.1%). Conclusion The overall number of unplanned interventions after TJA in this population was low and remained consistent over time despite decreasing length of stay. Patients who went to rehab were more likely to experience readmission. The majority of unplanned interventions occurred in the first 4 weeks after surgery.
Endovascular Treatment of Concurrent Bilateral Common and Internal Iliac Artery Aneurysms with Preserved Pelvic Circulation: Bilateral Iliac Branch Devices with Opposing Single Division Internal Iliac Artery Sparing.

An 83-year-old man with bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms (right, 3.0 cm; left, 2.7 cm), bilateral internal iliac artery aneurysms (right, 3.4 cm; left, 2.6 cm), and an abdominal aortic aneurysm (3.8 cm) was treated with an aortobi-iliac stent graft and bilateral iliac branch devices. The internal iliac components were extended into opposing posterior (left) and anterior (right) divisions of the internal iliac artery using stent grafts. Computed tomography angiography demonstrated that all aneurysms decreased or were stable in size with patent stent grafts at 1 month. The patient was asymptomatic without complications of pelvic ischemia at the last clinical follow-up at 6 months.
Flow-Induced Noise of Shedding Partial Cavitation on a Hydrofoil

The cavitation dynamics on a NACA0015 hydrofoil can have different cavitation shedding behaviors depending upon the attack angle and flow conditions, as discussed in Arndt et al. (Instability of partial cavitation: a numerical/experimental approach, 2000) [1] and Kjeldsen et al. (J Fluids Eng 122(3):481–487, 2000) [8]. Shedding can exhibit varying shedding frequencies (Strouhal numbers) measured based on measurements of the resulting surface pressure and body forces. Moreover, the transition from one regime of shedding to another can be abrupt with changes in cavitation number. In this work, we present an analysis of the acoustic signatures measured by a hydrophone for different shedding conditions using a Morse wavelet analysis. Using measurements of the cavity dynamics based on X-ray densitometry and high-speed video observations (Ganesh et al., 31st symposium on naval hydrodynamics, ONR 2016) [6], we present an explanation for the observed acoustic behavior.