cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Scaled model studies of petroleum contaminant removal from soils using surfactant solutions

Abstract This paper presents scaled physical model studies for petroleum contaminant removal using surfactant solutions. Scaling criteria are selected in such a way that a realistic representation of the decontamination process is possible. The proposed scaling approach meets all important requirements of this decontamination process which uses surfactant solutions. This approach scales more accurately where aquifer geometry, viscous forces, and the ratio of the gravitational forces to viscous forces are important. Experimental runs were conducted to investigate the effects of surfactant concentration, contaminant type, and interfacial tension. The optimum surfactant concentration was identified for one of the contaminants used. It was found that the optimum concentration in the field is not necessarily the same as the one which gives rise to the minimum interfacial tension in a spinning drop tensiometer. This aspect of optimum concentration could not be identified in an unscaled physical model. The only factor that was not modelled is heterogeneity. Scaling criteria or proper characterization of a heterogeneous medium is not yet available. However, the scaled physical model, as presented in this paper, provides a realistic approach to modelling a field remediation process enabling one to design a pilot test for further studies. Experimental results are scaled up to field values. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method of decontamination may recover up to 93% of the contaminant originally in place. The clean-up method is effective for a wide range of permeability of the soil. Also, the effect of a vadose zone was studied for a range of surfactant concentrations. Results indicated that the clean-up method has to be planned according to the soils as well as the contaminant.
Cheese Ripening Research - Trends and Perspectives

Abstract I have indicated briefly trends in cheese ripening research by mentioning United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Research Information Services projects related thereto. The projects were grouped according to emphasis on flavor compounds and on common factors influencing microbial and enzymatic activity; microbiological and enzymatic aspects, acceleration of ripening, and some other perspectives were added. The trend appears to be toward more basic bacteriology and enzymology research with a strong attempt to increase the rate of desirable flavor development in a practical way. With creativity in using modern research techniques and increased knowledge, we can come closer to controlling the direction and extent of the metabolic and enzymatic processes involved in cheese ripening.
Residues 377-389 from the delta subunit of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor are located in the cytoplasmic surface.

Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (AcChR) enriched, sealed vesicles have been specifically labeled on the cytoplasmic surface with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (Perez-Ramirez, B., and Martinez-Carrion, M., 1989,Biochemistry 28, 5034–5040). After chromatography of the peptide fragments produced by tryptin digestion of labeled AcChR, several fractions containing the phosphopyridoxyl label were obtained. Edman degradation identified one of the fractions, with sequence SRSELMFEKQSER, as corresponding to residues 377–389 in theδ subunit (primary structure). The latter must be a cytoplasmic region of this transmembranous protein, and residueδK385 must reside in a water-soluble exposed domain of the cytosolic side of the membrane. Introduction of phosphopyridoxyl residues allows for their potential use as probes of conformational changes in the cytosolic surface of the receptor molecule.
Metabolism of cyclopropane fatty acids oxidation of cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic and cis-9,10-methylene octadecanoic acids by rat-liver mitochondria

Abstract Rat-liver mitochondria were incubated with cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic or cis-9,10-methylene octadecanoic acids. The mitochondria converted these longchain cyclopropane fatty acids to short-chain cyclopropane fatty acids. The methylene carbon of the cyclopropane ring of cis-9,10-methylene hexadecanoic acid was not converted to CO2.
On the art of saying no: The influence of social cognitive development on messages of refusal

In an effort to add to the scant research literature on refusal skills, this study (a) offers a constructivist theoretical framework for conceptualizing refusal messages, and (b) assesses the framework by examining the relationship of social cognitive development to measures of refusal sensitivity. Measures of interpersonal construct differentiation and responses to a refusal task were obtained from 320 undergraduates. A nine‐level coding hierarchy for measuring message‐focused refusals was devised, and a separate study (N = 68) confirmed that messages at the major levels of the coding hierarchy are perceived to be progressively more sensitive and effective. The primary study then found that persons with highly differentiated interpersonal construct systems are more likely to use more refusal strategies and to construct more sensitive refusal messages than their counterparts. Subjects’ choices to refuse or comply with the request did not differ as a function of construct differentiation. The ability to di...
New Age Music: An Analysis of an Ecstasy

(1994). New Age Music: An Analysis of an Ecstasy. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 23-33.
Experimental limitations in impedance spectroscopy of cement-based materials

Impedance spectroscopy is a powerful technique for characterizing the frequency-dependent electrical behaviour of cement-based materials and interfaces, given that certain experimental limitations—machine limitations, stray imittances (e.g. from cables and leads), and electrode effects—are recognized and dealt with. The origins of these effects in impedance spectroscopy are discussed and various remediation strategies are presented, with illustrations from measurements on cement-based materials. The problems encountered and remediation strategies taken are generally applicable to impedance studies of heterogeneous, conductive materials.
The influence of status and sex-typing on assessments of occupational outcome

In order to investigate the relative strengths of status and sex-typing of occupations on evaluations of job outcomes, this study varied sex of subject, sex of stimulus person, status of occupation, sex-typing of occupation, and job outcome in a three-between, two-within factorial design. Contrary to previous research, subjects' beliefs about stimulus persons' affective reactions to job outcomes were not consistent with rigid sex-typing of jobs. Instead, the data suggest that crossing the sex-typing barrier in occupations is receiving growing acceptance, and that subjects are aware of sex segregation and discrimination in the labor force. Other data suggest that subjects' beliefs about job outcomes are influenced by belief in a just world.
TU‐G‐211‐04: Evaluation of Image Quality on a Time‐Of‐Flight PET/CT Scanner

Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the improvement of image quality on a time‐of‐flight (TOF) PET/CT scanner using phantom with varying sphere size and sphere‐to‐background ratio (SBR)Methods: A NEMA IEC phantom containing six spheres (1–3.7cm) was scanned on a GE Discovery‐690 TOF PET/CT scanner. 8 saline bags (250ml each) were attached to the phantom to simulate an obese patient (BMI=32). The scan was repeated for two SBR, 4:1 and 8:1 with background activity concentration of 0.14 and 0.1uCi/cc respectively. PET data was acquired in 3D for 3 minutes for each SBR, and images were reconstructed with and without TOF information, using 16 subsets and varying 1–10 iterations. ROIs were placed in the central slice on each sphere based on CTimages, and the mean value in each ROI was calculated. Background mean and standard deviation were measured from 500 randomly selected voxels across 10 slices. Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast recovery coefficient (%CRC), and background variability (%noise) were determined and compared across different sphere size, SBR, and iterations. Results: Contrary to what is expected, SNR w/o TOF is consistently better than with TOF for all sphere sizes, iteration number, and SBR. The CRC for TOF on the other hand is consistently higher than non‐TOF when evaluated at the same noise level for SBR 4:1. This finding however reverses at higher SBRs and iteration number. The CRC gain of TOF vs. non‐TOF increased with decreasing sphere diameter. Conclusions: TOF imaging improves the resulting CRC but not the SNR of PETimages when compared using the same number of iteration. The benefit of TOF is highest for small spheres and SBRs.
Colorectal cancer screening among underserved minority population: Discrepancy between physicians’ recommended, scheduled, and completed tests

Abstract Objective This study examines the correlates of: (1) health care provider recommendation of CRC testing; (2) provider scheduling for recommended CRC testing using sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or double-contrast barium enema; and (3) adherence to CRC scheduling among underserved minority populations. Methods Medical record and schedule logbook reviews and interviewer-administered surveys. Setting : Large urban safety-net, outpatient primary care setting in Los Angeles County. Participants : 306 African-American and Latino patients aged 50 years and older. Results A vast majority of minority patients do not receive standard CRC testing in urban safety-net primary care settings. Of those patients who were actually scheduled for sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, almost half completed the procedure. Completing CRC testing was associated with marital status, co-morbid chronic physical conditions, number of risk factors for colorectal cancer, and lower perceived barriers to CRC testing. Conclusion Effective interventions to reduce CRC mortality among underserved minority populations require an integrated approach that engages patients, providers, and health care systems. Practice implications Designing interventions that (1) increase physician–patient communications for removing patients’ perceived barriers for CRC testing and (2) promote a non-physician-based navigator system that reinforces physicians’ recommendation are strongly recommended.
An investigation of properties of thin lithium films by the use of the Li7(p,n)Be7 reaction

Abstract The (p,n) reaction in thin films of lithium and lithium fluoride evaporated on tantalum backings is used to obtain a quantitative measure of possible irregularities in the thickness of such films. Evidence is presented that metallic lithium films are not only nonuniform in thickness but also that this apparent nonuniformity becomes more pronounced as these films are bombarded with protons. On the other hand, lithium fluoride films seem to be of uniform thickness but the effect of proton straggling produces an apparent nonuniformity which can be analyzed to give the energy spectrum of protons emerging from the films. Consequently this type of measurement can be used to obtain the stopping power and straggling distribution off protons in targets which give rise to a (p,n) or (p,γ) reaction. A simple method of analyzing conventional “rise-curve” measurements is suggested. It gives a more nearly accurate calibration of neutron energies and a more complete description of the neutron energy spectrum.
Controller design for mixed l/sub 1//LMI performance objectives

In this paper we study norm minimization problems, and in particular the l/sub 1/ optimal control problem, subject to linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. We show how LMI's can be recast as parametrized LP's, and from this develop a sufficient condition for the lack of a duality gap for such problems in the infinite dimensional case. We give an exact characterization of the primal and dual problems in this case. In the case that we use the l/sub 1/ norm then both primal and dual problems can be posed as LMI optimization problems.
Vibronic hole-burning spectroscopy of perylene/CO2 clusters: intermolecular coupling effects

Abstract Two-photon pump—probe experiments involving absorption—depletion (hole-burning) spectroscopy have measured the vibronic spectra of CO 2 complexes with perylene. Four types of Franck—Condon active mode are indicated by the spectrum of the 1:1 aggregate: (a) Many of the totally symmetric (in-plane) modes of perylene are only weakly perturbed by CO 2 complexation. (b) Certain out-of-plane modes are significantly perturbed, including changes in both Franck—Condon factor and frequency. (c) Low-frequency progressional structure due to intermolecular vibrational modes indicates an unstable conformation for the CO 2 complexes, which can be attributed to multipolar interactions. (d) The spectrum of perylene/(CO 2 ) 1 at higher internal energies exhibits doubling of some progressions.
Characterization of the RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purification of Rad10 protein.

The RAD10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of at least five genes required for damage-specific incision of DNA during nucleotide excision repair. This gene was previously cloned and sequenced [Weiss, W. A., & Friedberg, E. C. (1985) EMBO J. 4, 1575-1582; Reynolds et al. (1985) EMBO J. 4, 3549-3552]. In the present studies, we have mapped one major and three minor transcriptional start sites in the RAD10 gene. The locations of these sites relative to the translational start codon are remarkably similar to those previously identified in the yeast RAD2 gene [Nicolet et al. (1985) Gene 36, 225-234]. The two genes also share common sequences in these regions. However, in contrast to RAD2 [Robinson et al. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 1842-1846], RAD10 is not induced following exposure of cells to the DNA-damaging agent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. Native RAD10 protein and also two different Rad10 fusion proteins are rapidly degraded in most Escherichia coli strains. However, following overexpression of the cloned RAD10 gene in yeast, native Rad10 protein was purified to greater than 90% homogeneity. A catalytic function has not been identified for the purified protein. RAD10 cells (untransformed with the cloned gene) contain fewer than 500 molecules per cell. This is similar to the levels of the UvrA, UvrB, and UvrC nucleotide excision repair proteins in E. coli.
Urethane Hyperglycæmia and Hypothalamic Activation

AN unexpectedly high blood glucose-level was found in rats which had been anaesthetized with ethyl urethane in the course of routine biochemical assays. The blood glucose-level of fasting rats rose from 58 ± 1 mg per cent (mean ± S.E.; n = 40) to 167.7 ± 7.6 mg per cent 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of 1.25 g/kg urethane.
Histoplasma Capsulatum in the Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

I demonstrated Histoplasma capsulatum organisms in disciform macular lesions, as well as a peripapillary lesion and peripheral atrophic scars in both eyes and in the lung of a patient with no history of active histoplasmosis. Autopsy findings were compatible with those of the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome.
Aerosolized drug delivery in patient-specific lung model during invasive high frequency oscillatory ventilation

Abstract A combination of large eddy simulation along with the Lagrangian particle transport model was used to investigate a gas–solid two-phase flow in realistic human lung model under high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) conditions. The resistance and compliance of the airways were used to implement a physiological time-dependent pressure boundary condition at lung peripheral outlets and results are compared with simulations using traditional boundary conditions that prescribe an outlet mass flow rate fraction. Global and local particle deposition were quantified under different HFOV and lung conditions. The coupled resistance–compliance boundary condition demonstrated a significant effect on the local deposition and pattern inside the tracheobronchial tree, due to the change in the airflow distribution and existence of the pendelluft flow. The inspiratory flow produced five-fold greater deposition than expiratory flow, and the main bronchi and lower lung lobes received the majority of the drug aerosol. The lung compliance variation was observed to have a significant effect, particularly on the local deposition during expiration phase. Increasing the operating frequency resulted in a significant change in the global and local deposition indicating strong dependency on the frequency, which could be beneficial for the targeted drug delivery. The global deposition as a fraction of the total injected particles at the endotracheal tube inlet was equivalent to the cases of normal breathing and conventional mechanical ventilation signifying a potential for efficient drug delivery during HFOV. In addition, HFOV had a unique characterization of the local particle deposition due to the rapid ventilation process and a strong influence of the endotracheal tube jet.
Solid food thermal conductivity determination at high temperatures

Thermal conductivity of carrots and potatoes was measured using a line heat source probe adapted for measurements to 130 o C. Fastest response and rapid attainment of linearity in temperature rise vs ln time plots, were obtained with a silicone oil-filled probe with an uninsulated thermocouple junction. Custom designed electronics to amplify thermocouple output, and computer control of measurements, data acquisition and analysis resulted in 0.4% data repeatability (two standard deviations) for calibration standards. Thermal conductivity of carrot and potato vs temperature agreed well with the published volume fraction model for multi-component foods
New species of Hiraea (Malpighiaceae) from the Guianas and adjacent Brazil

Four species of Hiraea are described and discussed:H. gracieana andH. morii from Saul, French Guiana,H. longipes from the Oyapock region of French Guiana and Amapa, Brazil, andH. propinqua from French Guiana and Suriname.Hiraea gracieana is illustrated.
Optical and ESR spectra of the C4H radical in rare gas matrices at 4 K

Abstract C 4 H (butadinyl) was trapped in Ar and Ne matrices at 4 K by the uv photolysis of a mixture of C 4 H 2 and the rare gas. CC stretching and CH bending modes have been identified in the ir at 2060 and 735 cm −1 . A band system appearing in the 2500–3000 A region with (0, 0) at 33 800 cm −1 has been analyzed and tentatively assigned to a 2 Π r ← X 2 Σ transition. C 4 D: Ar spectra confirm the optical assignments. The ESR spectrum exhibits a proton hyperfine splitting b = A ⊥ ( H ) = 16.5 MHz, at g ⊥ = 2.0004(5). The spin-doubling constant, γ, is estimated to be +0.0006(2) cm −1 .
Unilateral Adrenal Enlargement Due to Histoplasma capsulatum

Human infection with Histoplasma capsulatum runs the gamut from asymptomatic to disseminated disease. CT-directed fine-needle aspiration of bilaterally enlarged adrenal glands has been used in diagnosing serious infections with this ubiquitous organism. Three cases have previously been reported in which H. capsulatum infection caused unilateral adrenal enlargement ; this enlargement was diagnosed post-mortem. We describe three patients with unilateral adrenal enlargement due to H. capsulatum whose conditions were diagnosed antemortem. We encourage clinicians to include infection with H. capsulatum as well as other granulomatous diseases and tumors in the differential diagnosis of unilateral adrenal enlargement.
Bone-Vibrator Measurements: Physical Characteristics and Behavioral Thresholds

Both the International Electrotechnical Commission and the American National Standards Institute have issued documents recommending mechanical impedance characteristics for an artificial mastoid. T...
Polybrominated biphenyl induction of cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase activity in primary rat and human hepatocytes.

Abstract Polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) is an industrial chemical and environmental contaminant with known incidence of significant human exposure. PBB has been studied in laboratory animals and found to have significant toxicological effects as well as being a potent inducer of hepatic cytochrome P450 mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity. As part of our program to compare the response of laboratory animals and humans to industrial and environmental toxicants, we studied the effect of a major component of commercial PBB mixtures, 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (HBB), on MFO induction in primary cultures of human and rat hepatocytes. MFO induction was evaluated by measuring the deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin by intact hepatocytes. Rat hepatocytes were found to be highly susceptible to HBB induction of 7-ethoxycoumarin O -deethylase (ECOD) activity, with significant induction observed at the lowest concentration tested of 10 −8 M. Human hepatocytes were found to have a higher threshold for HBB induction of ECOD activity than rat hepatocytes. The lowest concentration of HBB required for ECOD induction observed for human hepatocytes was 10- to 1000-fold higher (10 −7 , 10 −6 , 10 −5 and 10 −5 M for the four human samples) than that found in rat hepatocytes. Future mechanistic investigation of this observed difference in sensitivity towards PBB between rat and human hepatocytes may aid the extrapolation of human health risk from toxicological data obtained from laboratory animals.
The Conquest of the Past in The History of the Kings of Britain

This article surveys a range of twentieth-century scholarly discourse concerning Geoffrey of Monmouth's apparent political sympathies in his mid-twelfth-century Anglo-Latin The History of the Kings of Britain, especially in regard to his stance toward the Welsh and his use of source materials. In contrast to recent critics, especially Monika Otter and Michelle Warren, who see Geoffrey's enormously popular and influential pseudo-history as fundamentally ambivalent or ambiguous, the present author aligns Geoffrey with his Norman patrons and contends that The History of the Kings of Britain creates a past that posits the ancient Britons, the ancestors of the twelfth-century Welsh, as eminently fit for conquest. In terms of its general historiographic emplotment, The History of the Kings of Britain narrates pre-Saxon British history as a long decline. In tandem with this larger narrative structure, Geoffrey's strategic use of the prophecies of Merlin likewise subverts any potential rallying point for British or Welsh resurgence. Both historiographically and teleologically, Geoffrey's History of the Kings of Britain ultimately works against the ancient Britons and their Welsh descendants, legitimating Norman colonial ambitions in Wales.
A role for spermidine in the bolting and flowering of Arabidopsis

Several lines of experimental evidence indicate a close connection between polyamines (PAs) and reproductive development in Arabidopsis thaliana. (I) Measurement of the titers of endogenous spermidine (SPD) and putrescine (PUT), extracted from various organs of two ecotypes and a genetic line of Arabidopsis, revealed that flowers had the highest titers of both PAs, with SPD predominating. (2) In aseptic cultures of whole plants of the ecotype Columbia, the application of appropriate enzyme inhibitors lowered SPD titer while almost completely preventing bolting and flowering. When the plants were removed to an inhibitor-free medium, bolting and flowering resumed. (3) SPD added to the medium of aseptically cultured plants of Columbia growing under short-day (SD) conditions, where flowering is naturally delayed, increased the SPD titer and augmented the rate and extent of flowering. Under long-day (LD) conditions, where flowering is already rapid and abundant, it did not promote flowering any further. (4) Enzyme inhibitors of SPD synthesis given shortly before the transition from SD conditions to LD conditions prevented flowering. (5) In a delayed-flowering mutant (CS 3123), the addition of SPD significantly accelerated flowering.
UNUSUAL RUSTS ON NYSSA AND URTICASTRUM

During the past year, two very interesting rusts of the family Melampsoraceae have come to the writer's attention. The first of these, upon Nyssa aquatica, has remained in the form genus Uredo since its description in I890 by Ellis and Tracy under the name of Uredo Nyssae. While preparing the manuscript of this species for the North American Flora, the writer was fortunate in discovering the telia. A study of this stage shows that the species can not be placed in any established genus and in consequence the following genus is proposed.
Depressive Personality Disorder

Since 1994, the American Psychiatric Association has been considering the proposal of Depressive Personality Disorder (DPD) for inclusion in future editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, [APA], 1994). The disorder and related syndromes have had a rich history in the history of philosophy, disease classification, and psychiatry, going back to the Greek philosophers who described melancholic character as one of four basic character types. According to the DSM-IV (APA, 1994) and DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), individuals are diagnosed with DPD when they meet five of the seven following criteria: (1) usual mood is joyless, cheerless, and dysphoric; (2) the self-concept centers around feelings of worthlessness and the individual has low self-esteem; (3) the individual is self-critical; (4) the individual broods or worries frequently; (5) the individual is negative or critical of others; (6) the individual is pessimistic; and (7) the individual often feels guilty or remorseful. DSM-IV (APA, 1994) states that this disorder is not to be diagnosed when these criteria “occur exclusively during Major Depressive Episodes” of if they are “better accounted for by Dysthymic Disorder” (APA, 1994, p. 733). Keywords: depressive personality; dysthymia; diagnostic overlap
33.2: Image Enhancement in JPEG Domain for Low-Vision Patients

An image enhancement algorithm for low-vision television viewing was developed. The algorithm enhances the images in the JPEG/MPEG domain by weighting the quantization table. The advantages of our algorithm are threefold: (1) Low computation (only a change of the 8× 8 quantization table in the decoding stage); (2) Suitable for real–time application; and (3) easily manipulated by individual users, because the enhancement level can be controlled at the receiver. 1. Introduction of Americans are visually impaired, and the number is expected to grow rapidly [1]. People with reduced visual acuity have difficulties reading small print, watching TV, etc. With the increasing importance of TV as a source of information and entertainment the need for image enhancement as a low vision aid is growing. Previous work on image enhancement for low-vision was carried out in an uncompressed domain [2-4]. Images, including TV images, are frequently stored and transmitted in compressed format. Thus it’s necessary to deal with decompressed images when applying image enhancement. Application of standard enhancement methods to decompressed images results in significant increase in block and other artifacts. This paper describes an enhancement concept for low vision applied directly in the compression domain. The proposed enhancement is based on using aspects of the JPEG protocol for image compression that are also applied in the MPEG protocol for moving images. To enhance images compressed by JPEG, in the receiver we modify the Quantization Matrix sent with the images in ways that result in a desired spatial frequency filtering. This can be done by multiplying the entries in the quantization matrix received with images, point by point, with a new filter array. This results in the enhancement of the corresponding spatial frequency components during the decoding. This technique only requires access to the quantization matrix being received and the ability to modify it.
An atypical presentation of cystic fibrosis: a case report

The presentation of cystic fibrosis is dependant upon which organs are affected. Common presentations include chronic respiratory infections and malabsorption. Patients with atypical disease tend to present late in childhood or as adults. Eye manifestations of cystic fibrosis are less well known. A 14-year-old Caucasian boy presented with tiredness and difficulty seeing at night, over a period of 6 months. Good vision was only described in bright conditions. There was no history of jaundice, steatorrhea or diarrhoea. This is the first reported case of newly diagnosed cystic fibrosis-related liver disease in a teenage boy, whose presenting symptom was night blindness secondary to vitamin A deficiency.
Degrees of orderings not isomorphic to recursive linear orderings

Abstract It is shown that for every nonzero r.e. degree c there is a linear ordering of degree c which is not isomorphic to any recursive linear ordering. It follows that there is a linear ordering of low degree which is not isomorphic to any recursive linear ordering. It is shown further that there is a linear ordering L such that L is not isomorphic to any recursive linear ordering, and L together with its ‘infinitely far apart’ relation is of low degree. Finally, an analogue of the recursion theorem for recursive linear orderings is refuted.
Balloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation of aorta. Immediate and long-term results.

BACKGROUNDAs angioplasty techniques have been refined and larger low-profile balloons developed, a nonsurgical approach to recoarctation has become available. Several reports have documented both the efficacy and safety of this procedure. However, there are little data available on the long-term follow-up of these patients. This report details the initial results and long-term evaluation of both the relief of obstruction and the presence of hypertension after balloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation.METHODS AND RESULTSBalloon angioplasty for recurrent coarctation of the aorta was performed 29 times in 26 patients at a median age of 4 years and 9 months (range, 4 months to 29 years), with eight patients less than 1 year old. Initial surgical techniques were end-to-end anastomosis in 11 patients, subclavian flap aortoplasty in 11 patients, and patch aortoplasty in four patients. Angioplasty was performed at a median interval of 2 years and 7 months (range, 4 months to 23 years) after surgery. Mean peak...
Approximate solutions for preform design in shell nosing

Abstract Two approximate solutions for preform design in shell nosing are derived. The degree of approximation was examined by the accurate numerical solution based on the new approach by the finite element method, for an example of uniform wall thickness of the nosed shell. It was demonstrated that both approximate solutions are useful in design, one for its simplicity and the other for its accuracy. The approximate solutions presented here will also be helpful for the further development of the new approach to preform design in shell nosing.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of N,N′,N″-tris(2-thienylmethyl)-cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane copper(II) dichloride

Abstract The title complex was synthesized by reaction of N,N′,N″-tris(2-thienylmethyl)-cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane (tachthioph) with copper(II) chloride in acetonitrile or methanol. Crystallographic characterization of Cu(tachthioph)Cl2 · MeCN reveals a typical Jahn-Teller-distorted square-pyramidal CuN3Cl2 coordination sphere. There is no interaction with the 2-methylenethiophene pendant arms.
New Jersey's Three Constitutions: 1776, 1844, 1947

The exhibition, New Jersey's Three Constitutions: 1776, 1844, 1947, held at Rutgers University's Alexander Library in 1998, was created to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of New Jersey's 1947 Constitution. This important document in the state's history was ratified by voters in November 1947 and implemented in January 1948. To put that document in proper context, material relevant to all three state constitutions (1776 and 1844, as well as 1947) was included in the exhibit. The exhibition, which provided an understanding of why the 1947 Constitution was seen as necessary as well as how the state has changed and developed over 221 years, is the basis for this article.
Galeterone Prevents Androgen Receptor Binding to Chromatin and Enhances Degradation of Mutant Androgen Receptor

Purpose: Galeterone inhibits the enzyme CYP17A1 and is currently in phase 2 clinical trials for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Galeterone is also a direct androgen receptor (AR) antagonist and may enhance AR degradation. This study was undertaken to determine the molecular basis for AR effects and their therapeutic potential. Experimental Design: Effects of galeterone on AR expression and activities were examined in prostate cancer (PCa) cell lines. Results: Similar to the AR antagonist enzalutamide, but in contrast to bicalutamide, galeterone did not induce binding of a constitutively active VP16-AR fusion protein to reporter genes and did not induce AR recruitment to endogenous androgen regulated genes based on chromatin immunoprecipitation. Galeterone at low micromolar concentrations that did not induce cellular stress responses enhanced AR protein degradation in LNCaP and C4-2 cells, which express a T878A mutant AR, but not in PCa cells expressing wildtype AR. Further transfection studies using stable LNCaP and PC3 cell lines ectopically expressing wildtype or T878A mutant ARs confirmed that galeterone selectively enhances degradation of the T878A mutant AR. Conclusions: Similar to enzalutamide, galeterone may be effective as a direct AR antagonist in CRPC. It may be particularly effective against PCa cells with the T878A AR mutation, but may also enhance degradation of wildtype AR in vivo through a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms. Finally, these findings show that conformational changes in AR can markedly enhance its degradation, and thereby support efforts to develop further antagonists that enhance AR degradation.
The relative efficacy of predicting IQ from mother-child interactions using ratings versus behavioral count measures☆

Abstract The relative efficacy of using ratings versus behavioral count measures to predict intelligence from mother-child interactions was investigated for 45 mother-child dyads who constituted a heterogeneous sample with respect to socioeconomic status. These dyads were observed when the children were 36 months of age; children were tested with standardized IQ tests at 36 and 60 months. Social interactions between mothers and children were coded from video tapes with two different systems by independent observers. The behavioral count system was used to code second-by-second the duration and frequency of behaviors during the session. The rating system was used to judge maternal behaviors on three scales following the session. A series of forced stepwise multiple regression analyses compared the predictive utility of the two systems both concurrently and over time. The ratings of maternal behavior yielded high correlations with child IQ both concurrently and over time and were not contributed to significantly by the behavioral count measures. The authors speculate that ratings proved more efficacious because the raters could make more subjective and intuitive judgments concerning maternal behavior.
Surface Temperature Field Statistics at an Air/Water Interface for Grid-Generated Sub-Surface Turbulence

Surface temperature fields and statistics are presented for the case of sub-surface grid-generated turbulence impacting an air/water interface. Temperature measurements are obtained with an infrared camera, sensitive in the 3–5 micron wavelength range. Results indicate that increased grid oscillation frequencies, and shallower grid depths, lead to increased surface mixing, yielding lower values of RMS temperature. Non-dimensionalization of the RMS temperatures using the difference in the average surface and the bulk fluid temperatures, collapses the data obtained for different grid depths and oscillation frequencies. This scaling is related to the thermal boundary layer thickness. The results are compared to the baseline case of turbulence due to evaporative convection without an oscillating grid.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Neuron-like functionality of a silicon optical transistor

We demonstrate an all-silicon optical transistor that realizes NAND and NOR logic without the need to physically alter the device. The device is cascadable and may provide an efficient solid-state implementation of artificial neural networks.
Expanding Assessment Needs and State Eligibility Criteria

Abstract Speech and language intervention in the public schools is shaped by factors such as curriculum access, service in the least restrictive environment, service to students in natural settings...
Prediction of Incipient Damage Sites in Composites using Classifiers

This paper describes a method for predicting locations in a two-phase material where effective elastic strain is concentrated above a specified threshold value by virtue of the local arrangement of phases and a specified set of boundary conditions. This prediction is made entirely based on knowledge of the material properties of the phases, their spatial arrangement, and the boundary conditions, and does not require numerical solution of the equations of elasticity. The example problem is a 2D idealization of a fiber- or particle-reinforced composite in which the fibers/particles are randomly placed in the matrix and the boundary conditions correspond to uniaxial extension. The method relies on a moving window implementation of a decision tree classifier that predicts, for all points in the material, whether the effective elastic strain will exceed a specified threshold value. The classifier operates on a set of attributes that are the coefficients of a series expansion of a discretized version of the phase geometry. The basis vectors appearing in this series expansion of the phase geometry are derived from a principal components analysis of a set of training samples for which the mechanical response is calculated using finite element analysis. These basis vectors allow the accurate representation of the phase geometry with many fewer parameters than is typical, and, because the training samples contain information regarding the mechanical response of the material, also allow prediction of the response using a classifier that takes a relatively small number of input attributes. The predictive classifier is tested on simulated two-phase material samples that are not part of the original training set, and correctly predicts whether efffective elastic strain will be elevated above a specified threshold with greater than 90% accuracy.
Enhancement of Photochemical Grafting of Terminal Alkenes at Surfaces via Molecular Mediators: The Role of Surface-Bound Electron Acceptors

The use of ultraviolet light to functionalize the surface of carbon-based materials with terminal alkenes has emerged as a way to overcome the high chemical stability of these surfaces to create fu...
Ketanserin attenuates nicotine-induced working memory improvement in rats.

Abstract Nicotinic systems have been shown in numerous studies to be important for spatial working memory. Nicotinic systems are certainly not acting alone in the basis of memory function, but act in concert with a variety of other neural systems. Important for these interactions is nicotinic induced release of a variety of neurotransmitters involved in memory function including serotonin (5-HT). We have found that the 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist, ketanserin, effectively attenuated nicotine-induced attentional improvement. The current study explored the interaction between nicotinic and serotonergic systems in the performance of a spatial working memory task in the radial-arm maze. Female Sprague–Dawley rats were trained on the win-shift working memory task on the 8-arm radial maze. After 18 sessions of acquisition training the rats were given acute doses of nicotine (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg), ketanserin (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) or combinations of the two. The vehicle served as the control. As seen in previous studies, nicotine caused a significant improvement in working memory performance as indexed by the number of correct arm entries before the first error (entries to repeat). Ketanserin at the doses tested did not cause a significant effect on choice accuracy, but it did significantly attenuate the improvement caused by the 0.2 mg/kg nicotine dose. The higher 0.4 mg/kg nicotine dose was nearly sufficient to overcome the ketanserin effect. This study shows that, as with attentional function, nicotine-induced working memory improvement is attenuated by the 5-HT 2 antagonist ketanserin. Given that many antipsychotic drugs have substantial 5-HT 2 antagonist effects, these atypical antipsychotic drugs may reduce the cognitive improvements caused by nicotinic treatments.
Norm-Constrained Determinantal Representations of Multivariable Polynomials

For every multivariable polynomial \(p\), with \(p(0)=1\), we construct a determinantal representation, \( p=\det (I - K Z )\), where \(Z\) is a diagonal matrix with coordinate variables on the diagonal and \(K\) is a complex square matrix. Such a representation is equivalent to the existence of \(K\) whose principal minors satisfy certain linear relations. When norm constraints on \(K\) are imposed, we give connections to the multivariable von Neumann inequality, Agler denominators, and stability. We show that if a multivariable polynomial \(q\), \(q(0)=0,\) satisfies the von Neumann inequality, then \(1-q\) admits a determinantal representation with \(K\) a contraction. On the other hand, every determinantal representation with a contractive \(K\) gives rise to a rational inner function in the Schur–Agler class.
New experimental challenges for the theorist in reaction kinetics

The purpose of this (essentially non-technical) paper is to call attention to a number of recent experimental developments, mainly in the field of molecular beam kinetics, which provide sufficient new detail regarding the microscopic dynamics of reactive collisions to warrant serious theoretical consideration. In order to limit the scope of the paper, attention is confined to systems involving neutral atoms and simple molecules in binary collision.
A hierarchical architecture for buffer management in integrated services networks

Due to their large bandwidth demand and synchronization requirements, multimedia applications, in general, consume buffers of huge size, which prevents potential customers from using multimedia services. We recognize the problem and propose a hierarchical architecture to reduce the buffer size. The architecture can be applied to both 1 -n and n-n applications. We establish the architecture by first determining neighbor sets and then applying a grouping algorithm and a renegotiation process. This architecture can also meet the synchronization requirements of multimedia applications. We evaluate the performance of the architecture through simulations and compare it with that of a direct connection architecture. The result shows that the hierarchical architecture reduces the buffer size significantly without serious penalty to the total bandwidth and without introducing extra hot spots.
Evaluating Robust Regression Techniques for Detrending Crop Yield Data with Nonnormal Errors

Although ordinary least squares is not efficient when errors are not distributed normally, it generates better crop yield trend coefficient estimates than six alternative robust regression methods. This is because of the econometric properties of an uninterrupted series independent variable as well as the level of skewness typical of corn yields. The evaluation covers actual farm-level corn yield series as well as a set of "contaminated" data series and one thousand sets of Monte Carlo yield series. Where an influential end-of-series outlier is suspected, the DFBETAS regression diagnostic statistic is recommended.
A simulation study of the five / ten rule

Results of a preliminary simulation study of a process adjustment procedure designed to constrain quadratic economic loss are presented. The five / ten rule was found to behave well when the process mean was out of adjustment by more than four-tenths of a standard deviation, and erratically otherwise.
Communications. Comments: “The Comparative Management Theory Jungle”

The article presents a letter to the editor in response to the article “The Comparative Management Theory Jungle,” from the March 1969 issue of “Academy of Management Journal.”
Seasonality and Meridional Propagation of the MJO

Abstract The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is known to have a substantial impact on the variability of the Asian–Australian summer monsoons. An important, but not well understood, aspect of the MJO–monsoon connection is the meridional propagation of bands of enhanced or reduced precipitation that are especially pronounced during the northern summer. In this study, the nature of the seasonality of the MJO is examined, with a focus on the meridional propagation, using both observations and simulations with an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). A key result is that the AGCM, when forced with idealized eastward propagating equatorial dipole heating anomalies, reproduces the salient features of the observed seasonality in the precipitation and wind fields associated with the MJO, including meridional propagation into the Indian and Australian summer monsoon regions. An analysis of the simulations and observations shows that the off-equatorial precipitation anomalies are initiated by surface fricti...
Prevalence and Predictors of Drug Use Among Adolescents with HIV Infection Acquired Perinatally or Later in Life

We examined the prevalence and predictors of drug use among a diverse group of adolescents living with HIV infection acquired perinatally or through sexual risk behaviors (“behaviorally acquired”). Adolescents ages 13–21 (n = 166) who were receiving care at one of five pediatric/adolescent HIV clinics in three US cities (Baltimore MD, Washington DC, and New York NY) and were enrolled in a behavioral intervention were interviewed at baseline regarding lifetime drug use experiences and depression symptoms. A majority of study participants reported using alcohol (57.2%) and marijuana (51.2%); 48.8% reported tobacco/cigarette use. The mean age of onset of use for each type of drug was 14 years or younger. A larger proportion of participants with behaviorally acquired HIV than adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV reported lifetime use of alcohol (76.1 vs. 44.4%), marijuana (73.1 vs. 36.4%), tobacco (70.2 vs. 34.3%), and club drugs (22.4 vs. 3%) (all p < 0.001).
Decision trees for phonological rules in continuous speech

The authors present an automatic method for modeling phonological variation using decision trees. For each phone they construct a decision tree that specifies the acoustic realization of the phone as a function of the context in which it appears. Several-thousand sentences from a natural language corpus spoken by several speakers are used to construct these decision trees. Experimental results on a 5000-word vocabulary natural language speech recognition task are presented. >
The Naval Oceanographic Office's first operational use of trawl-resistant packages housing acoustic Doppler current profilers

Two trawl-resistant packages were procured to make current measurements in heavily fished areas less than 200 meters deep. The packages were designed to house RD Instruments' 150-kHz self-contained narrow-band acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), utilizing 90 degree adapters. With minor modifications, higher frequency ADCPs were mounted in the packages to acquire measurements in the Yellow Sea during the November 1993 to February 1994 timeframe. Pre-deployment and post-deployment modifications, tests, deployment and retrieval problems, and recommendations are discussed.