cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of polyolefins and olefin copolymers using Crystaf technique: Resolution of Crystaf curves

An experimental technique, crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf), is used to analyze compositional uniformity of ethylene/α-olefin copolymers and isotactic polypropylene. A computerized method for quantifying Crystaf data is developed based on resolution of Crystaf curves into their elemental components, with each component representing a fraction of the polymer with the same degree of chain imperfection. This analysis of Crystaf curves gives three parameters characterizing crystallizable polymer material: (a) the number of compositionally uniform components, (b) properties of each compositionally uniform component (in the case of ethylene/α-olefin copolymers, the comonomer content), and (c) the quantity of each component. Crystaf analysis of several ethylene/1-hexene copolymers produced with supported Ti-based Ziegler-Natta catalysts shows the existence of two groups of copolymer components. The first group includes components with low comonomer content, in the Crystaf analysis they precipitate at high temperatures as several relatively sharp peaks. The second group includes components with high comonomer contents; they precipitate at much lower temperatures, as a broad overlapping group of peaks. The peak resolution technique was applied to analysis of ethylene/α-olefin copolymers prepared with a supported catalyst at different temperatures, a copolymer produced with a pseudo-homogenous Ziegler-Natta catalyst, and to isotactic polypropylene. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Teaching Literature Gay-affirmatively A homosexual individuation story

This article explores the possibility of a `homosexual hermeneutic' by which the great literary works of the western canon can be taught. This `interpretative methodology' is based in the author's own individuation process as gay. The author details his personal journey from engulfment in heteronormativity to the first crisis of his homosexual adolescence whereby he suffers a severe illness and learns, with the help of a teacher, to apprehend the homosexuality hidden in Virgil, Shakespeare, Milton, Spenser and so on. Psychological problems caused by co-dependency, homophobia and postmodernism eventually lead the author to embark on a gay-centered analysis wherein he learns how to descend into the inner world of internalized homophobia to encounter the `double' of the transformational psyche. This homosexual death-and-rebirth motif is discussed as ubiquitously present in literature, informing the individuation not just of gay-identified individuals but of all those who seek self-knowledge.
Role of a care transition pharmacist in a primary care resource center

Purpose The role of a care transition pharmacist (CTP) in a primary care resource center is described. Summary A CTP role was implemented as part of a primary care resource center team to provide medication therapy management services for patients at high risk for readmission, including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with heart failure, or with complex medication regimens and taking more than nine medications. Patients were initially identified upon admission and were seen by the CTP who conducted a medication therapy review, provided patient education, and ensured that any medication-related issues were addressed before discharge. In addition, the CTP followed up with patients by telephone within 72 hours of discharge. CTP interventions included reinforcement of the plan of care (67%), medication-related interventions in which specific issues were addressed (9%), contacting of the physician for treatment plan clarification or care gap (9%), reinforced scheduling of the primary care physician follow-up appointment (8%), and referral of the patient to another caregiver (6%). Patients who received postdischarge follow-up from the CTP were significantly less likely to have an acute care visit within 30 days of discharge compared with patients not contacted by the CTP and had improved Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) scores. Conclusion Patients discharged from a community hospital who received a follow-up telephone call from a CTP were less likely to be admitted to the hospital or have an emergency department visit within 30 days of an acute care admission. HCAHPS patient satisfaction scores also improved in medication-related and discharge preparation question domains after CTP services were implemented.
Assay of yohimbine in human plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Abstract Yohimbine is a selective α2 adrenoreceptor antagonist used in the study of α2 adrenoreceptors in man. In order to better improve administration regimens for the study of yohimbine in man, we have developed an assay for the determination of yohimbine in plasma utilizing reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Using a C18 column and a methanol:acetate (60:40) mobile phase, we detected yohimbine in plasma following a simple chloroform extraction. Reserpiline was used as an internal standard. The assay was linear over a concentration range of 50–250 ng/ml in spiked plasma and had a lower limit of sensitivity of 10 ng/ml. It was used to detect yohimbine in plasma sampled from 4 volunteers during an infusion of the alkaloid.
Setting health care priorities in Oregon. Cost-effectiveness meets the rule of rescue.

The Oregon Health Services Commission recently completed work on its principal charge: creation of a prioritized list of health care services, ranging from the most important to the least important. Oregon's draft priority list was criticized because it seemed to favor minor treatments over lifesaving ones. This reaction reflects a fundamental and irreconcilable conflict between cost-effectiveness analysis and the powerful human proclivity to rescue endangered life: the "Rule of Rescue." Oregon's final priority list was generated without reference to costs and is, therefore, more intuitively sensible than the initial list. However, the utility of the final list is limited by its lack of specificity with regard to conditions and treatments. An alternative approach for setting health care priorities would circumvent the Rule of Rescue by carefully defining necessary indications for treatment. Such an approach might be applied to Oregon's final list in order to achieve better specificity. ( JAMA . 1991;265:2218-2225)
Riboflavin Studies with Calves. I. Preparation of a Riboflavin-Deficient Milk,

Summary A low-riboflavin potency milk suitable for experimental feeding was obtained either by photolysis with ultra-violet light or by chromatography with Florisil. Chromatography removed from normal milk about 90 per cent of the riboflavin and 85 per cent of the thiamine, yielding a product containing about 0.12 and 0.053 mg. per liter, respectively. Other constituents and properties, including flavor, apparently were unaffected by chromatography. The low-potency milk yielded a value of 0.22 mg. riboflavin per liter when assayed by ordinary microbiological procedures and 0.034 mg. per liter when the acetone extract was assayed photofluorometrically; however, a more precise value of 0.12 mg. riboflavin per liter was obtained when the modifications described here in were employed.
Catalepsy-associated behavior induced by dopamine D1 receptor antagonists and partial dopamine D1 receptor agonists in squirrel monkeys

Observational procedures were used to compare the behavioral effects of dopamine D1 receptor antagonists and partial dopamine D1 receptor agonists in squirrel monkeys. The dopamine D1 receptor antagonists SCH 39166 ((−)-tran-6- 7,7a,8,9,13b-hexahydro-3-chloro-2-hydroxy-N-methyl-5H-benzo(d)naphtho-(2,1-b)azepine) and BW 737C89 ([S]-6-chloro-1[2,5-dimethoxy-4-propylbenzyl]- hydroxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) produced dose-related increases in the duration of static and unusual postures, indicative of catalepsy. R-SKF 38393 (R(+)-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1H]-3-benzazepine) and SKF 75670 (7,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1H]-3-benzazepine), which are considered partial dopamine D1 receptor agonists, also consistently produced dose-related increases in catalepsy-associated behavior and had effects comparable in magnitude to those of dopamine D1 receptor antagonists. In contrast, the higher efficacy D1 agonists SKF 81297 (6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[1H]-3-benzazepine) and SKF 82958 (6-chloro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4, 5-tetrahydro-3-allylp-[1H]-3-benzazepine) did not produce catalepsy-associated behavior at any dose tested. The results indicate that dopamine D1 agonists differ with respect to cataleptogenic activity, possibly reflecting differences in intrinsic activity.
Some factors affecting carbohydrate metabolism in hepatic tissues of different growth rates.

Aspects of carbohydrate metabolism, namely glycogen concentration, glucokinase activity, hexokinase activity, lactate and α-glycerophosphate production, were compared with growth rate in regenerating liver and two transplantable hepatomas (5123-D and 7777). Lactate production with glucose as substrate was greater with whole homogenates than with supernatant fractions for the hepatomas but the reverse was the case with control, sham-operated and regenerating liver. Nicotinamide had a greater effect on lactate production by homogenates of normal and regenerating liver than with tumor homogenates. The effect of nicotinamide was correlated with the NAD glycohydrolase activity of homogenates and supernatant fractions of the different tissues. It was suggested that changes in carbohydrate metabolism in regenerating liver show some resemblance to those observed in hepatomas of similar growth rate but more marked changes may be seen in the tumor tissues.
Inhibition of stretch-activated channels during eccentric muscle contraction attenuates p70S6K activation.

Eccentric contractions (EC) are known to result in muscle hypertrophy, potentially through activation of the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin-p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K) signaling pathway. Previous wor...
Telehealth-Based Exposure Therapy for Motor Vehicle Accident-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder:

Although empirically supported treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been available for some time, many treatment-seeking trauma survivors do not receive such services. This is especially true in remote and rural areas where access to specialists is the exception rather than the rule. Fortunately, advances in videoconferencing-based technologies are improving rural trauma survivors' access to remote specialty clinics, thereby allowing access to optimal treatments for PTSD. At present, however, little is known about feasibility, barriers, and efficacy of exposure therapy provided through distance technologies. The present case study attempts to partially address this void by providing an account of exposure therapy implemented via videoconferencing with a motor vehicle accident survivor.
Finite element thermal analysis of localized heating in AlGaN/GaN HEMT based sensors

This paper reports the steady-state and transient temperature response of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) based structures. In this study, three localized heating schemes, namely, continuous self-heating, pulsed self-heating and heating with on-chip heaters are studied for sensor applications that require controlled heating profiles. Two scenarios were considered for the GaN sensor structure: 1) the silicon substrate under the AlGaN/GaN sensor is not removed, and 2) the silicon substrate is removed to form a suspended AlGaN/GaN diaphragm on which the sensor is located. The three heating schemes are analyzed by finite element thermal analysis, evaluated and compared. In addition, general guidelines for designing localized heating architectures for AlGaN/GaN HEMT based sensors are provided.
Microstructure of PbTiO3 thin films deposited on (001)MgO by MOCVD

PbTiO3 thin films deposited on (001)MgO by the MOCVD technique have been characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PbTiO3 films grown at temperatures below T c (~500 °C) are c-axis oriented polycrystals, while the PbTiO3 films grown at temperatures above T c are single crystals with a bi-layer structure at room temperature. The top layers of the films near the free surface are c-axis oriented with the orientation relationship of (001)[100]PbTiO3||(001)[100]MgO. The bottom layers of the films near the substrate are a-axis oriented with the orientation relationship of The formation of the bi-layer microstructure of the PbTiO3 films will be discussed in terms of the effect of the cooling rate and the substrate on the phase transition of PbTiO3 from the cubic to the tetragonal phase. When the PbTiO3 films were grown with a large excess of the Pb precursor vapor in the vapor mixture, PbO and PbTiO3 coexisted in the films. Both PbO and PbTiO3 were grown epitaxially on (00l)MgO. The epitaxial orientation relationships were found to be (100) [001]PbO||(001) [100]MgO and (001)[100]PbTiO3||(001)[100]MgO. The 90° domains were observed in the PbTiO3 films deposited at temperatures above T c. The domain walls are the ﹛101﹜ and ﹛011﹜ twin boundaries, which were formed during the phase transition from the cubic to the tetragonal phase.
Decentralized multiuser detection for time-varying multipath channels

Multiple-access interference (MAI) and time-varying multipath effects are the two most significant factors limiting the performance of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. While multipath effects are exploited in existing CDMA systems to combat fading, they are often considered a nuisance to MAI suppression. We propose an integrated framework based on canonical multipath-Doppler coordinates that exploits channel dispersion effects for MAI suppression. The canonical coordinates are defined by a fixed basis derived from a fundamental characterization of the propagation effects. The basis corresponds to uniformly spaced multipath delays and Doppler shifts of the signaling waveform that capture the essential degrees of freedom in the received signal and eliminate the need for estimating arbitrary delays and Doppler shifts. The framework builds on the notion of active coordinates that carry the desired signal energy, facilitate maximal exploitation of channel diversity, and provide minimum-complexity MAI suppression. Progressively powerful multiuser detectors are obtained by incorporating additional inactive coordinates carrying only MAI. Signal space partitioning in terms of active/inactive coordinates provides a direct handle on controlling receiver complexity to achieve a desired level of performance. System performance is analyzed for two characteristic time scales relative to the coherence time of the channel. Adaptive receiver structures are identified that are naturally amenable to blind implementations requiring knowledge of only the spreading code of the desired user.
Algeria: democracy denied, and revived?

Algeria was the first country in the Arab world to experience an ‘Arab spring’ at least two decades before Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya were to undergo their democratic intifadas. Yet that democratic moment was quickly subverted by a military coup d'etat followed by a decade – long bloody civil war costing the lives of 200,000 people or more. The tripartite pillars of the Algerian state – party, army, Sonatrach – have maintained the political status quo since the 1992 coup in the face of a swelling discontent in civil society among a broad cross-section of Algerian youth, workers, women, Islamists, Berberists, and bourgeoisie, all demanding greater political freedom, economic opportunity, and social justice. This article analyses the complex manner in which the authoritarian Algerian state has been able to maintain its stranglehold over civil society at a time when it confronts a newly invigorated mass public energised by the democratic revolutions that have taken place in the neighbouring North African stat...
Measuring impaired performance with the NRC “stressalyser”

The NRC 'stressalyser' is a step-input subject-paced pursuit tracking task used to detect the effects of various extrinsic factors on skilled performance. It gives measures of reaction time, movement time, error score and overshoot score, each at four levels of the relevant within-task variable (directional probability, target distance or boundary distance). Several investigations have shown how these measures vary with such factors as sleep loss, time of day, alcohol, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and diazepam, and thus demonstrate the applicability of the device to many applied problems of performance impairment.
Diversity and origins of endophytic fungal symbionts of the North American grass Festuca arizonica.

Acremonium spp. endophytes are mutualistic fungal symbionts of many C3 grasses. They are anamorphs of Epichloe typhina (Clavicipitaceae) that have become strictly seedborne, heritable components of symbiotic units (“symbiota”). In order to test the possibility that endophytes may contribute to the genetic diversity of symbiota, a survey was conducted of plants from nine populations of Festuca arizonica in the southern Rocky Mountains. Sequence analysis of rRNA gene segments distinguished three Acremonium endophyte types. Parsimony analysis indicated at least two distinct evolutionary origins of the Acremonium endophytes from E. typhina. Either or both of these evolutionary lineages may have involved cospeciation with the host.
Seymour Benzer. 15 October 1921 — 30 November 2007

Seymour Benzer was born in New York City in 1921. His parents were immigrants who had come to the United States some 10 years earlier from the Jewish shtetl of Sochaczew near Warsaw. A true scientific romantic, Benzer was a pioneer in two different fields of biology: the initial studies of the nature of the gene in the early days of molecular biology, and later the launching of a new field that applied mutant induction and other genetic approaches to the study of behaviour. In the century that began with the rediscovery of Mendelian units of heredity and ended with the sequencing of the human genome, Benzer9s work set two milestones. His early work in bacteriophages on the fine structure of the gene defined a pivotal moment in the transition from classical to molecular genetics. His later work in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster , launched an entirely new genetic strategy with which to tackle the complexity of behaviour.
CONVENTIONAL VERSUS NATURALISTIC DESIGN1

Growth from the naturalistic to the conventional type of design is the resultant of certain definite causes. The way for this growth among the people has been made smooth by the change from factory production to individual production in the crafts, and by more widely spread art education. Naturalistic design is based on imitation of natural forms and is enjoyed by the average man because of its likeness to life. The result of this satisfaction is a loss of interest and the need for a conventional treatment. Conventionalism is an adaption of natural forms through the addition of the designer's personality. It is interpretation as opposed to fact. Conventionalism is sometimes misrepresented as being a kind of cleverness and inventiveness, and as a way of hiding bad drawing. Correctly understood, however, conventionalism is construction, not invention, and requires more skill in drawing than does mere representation.
Unintentional creation of reverse peristaltic alimentary limb during Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

l Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is arguably the reference stanard weight loss operation at present, with a wealth of xperience in operative technique and proven surgical outomes. Since 1994, various laparoscopic versions of the peration have been described and are widely performed. he open operation, however, is still commonly practiced 1]. Three cases of complications after open Roux-en-Y astric bypass are described, each with slightly different anifestations of a shared etiology, a reverse peristaltic limentary limb. Two of the cases were referred to us after he primary procedure, and one operation was performed at ur institution. All primary procedures were performed by ifferent surgeons using an open technique, by way of ertical midline laparotomies above the umbilicus.
Estimating the probability of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery.

OBJECTIVES: Lymphedema is a common complication of breast cancer surgery, leading to a decreased quality of life. The risk and severity of lymphedema were associated with surgery side upper extremity infection, ≥25 kg/m(2) body mass index (BMI), and the level of hand use (LHU). Our aim was to estimate the probability of lymphedema after breast cancer surgery by using previously published incidence rates and these 3 risk factors. METHODS: The design was a n:m matched case control study; data were analyzed on 51 patients with lymphedema and 126 available controls matched on age, radiation therapy, and operation type. In conjunction with published estimates of lymphedema, incidence rates, and estimates of the proportions of risk factor combinations in cases and controls, the Bayes' theorem was used to estimate the probability of developing lymphedema. RESULTS: Lymphedema probabilities of 7 combinations for 6 different published calculations were used. With the assumption of 16% LE incidence rate of lymphedema, a BMI<25, no infection, and a low LHU, the estimated probability of lymphedema was 6.8%. With the assumption of 46.3% LE incidence a BMI ≥25, infection, and a high LHU led to an estimated lymphedema probability of 93.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that control of predisposing factors in both high and low incidence rates has a marked effect on the probability of LE development. In other words, patients with low incidence for LE are more prone to develop LE if the predisposing factors are controlled poorly compared to the high incidence patients whom the predisposing factors are avoided.
Vulnerable children, communities and schools: lessons from three HIV/AIDS affected areas

The growing number of children made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS threatens the achievement of Education for All (EFA) and Millennium Development goals. Policy recommendations assign schools key roles in meeting the needs of vulnerable children, but there is a dearth of evidence about how vulnerable children and schools interact in AIDS affected communities. Case studies of schools and vulnerable children in Kenya, Malawi and Zimbabwe show that although schools are materially and symbolically well‐positioned to serve as the institutional base to meet the needs of vulnerable children, schools are not accountable for these children and have not reorganised or built capacity to meet their special needs. The Malawi and Zimbabwe cases show that elimination of fees, passive open door policies and exhortations are insufficient measures to bring and keep these children in school. The Kenya case study suggests that investments in long term, well‐resourced local partnerships can be effective.
Estimating satisfaction levels for a city's vegetation

Abstract A need in urban forestry planning is to learn whether neighborhood populations are satisfied with existing vegetation configurations and how people might react to planned changes. This knowledge would help to evaluate neighborhood plans and justify city program expenditures. An exponential model for estimating popular satisfaction rates is provided that generates an expected rate for any tree stocking level in a neighborhood's land uses. Estimated satisfaction rates for 67 of Dayton, Ohio's 79 neighborhoods are obtained, and these indicate that rates as low as 56 percent of a neighborhood's population and as high as 87% can be expected for Dayton's urban vegetation configuration. These results tend to match expectations insofar as neighborhood-based attitudes are currently understood. Suggestions for improving the model are offered, but these are tempered against the strong constraints of available knowledge of neighborhood vegetation and popular attitudes toward this visual resource.
Postheparin plasma lipolytic activities in physically active and sedentary men after varying and repeated doses of intravenous heparin

We sought to determine the optimal dose of heparin for evaluating the activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPLA) and hepatic triglyceride hydrolase (HTGLA) in postheparin plasma. Nine physically active and ten sedentary men (age 30 ± 5 yr, mean ± SD) received 30, 50, 75, and 100 IU/kg of heparin in random order during a 2-week period. Based on all the samples, the average LPLA in the athletes was 43% higher (P < 0.001) and HTGLA was 19% lower than in the untrained subjects (NS). The greatest LPLA was obtained after a heparin dose of 75 IU/kg, but LPLA after the three highest doses were not significantly different. There was also a dose effect on HTGLA (P < 0.001) with greatest activities following doses of 75 and 100 IU/kg. Despite these dose effects, subjects maintained their rank order for both postheparin lipase activities regardless of the heparin dose. The only exception was for LPLA in the sedentary men probably because of lower LPLA and a smaller range of values. We also examined the effect of repeated daily injections of 75 IU/kg heparin on LPLA, HTGLA, and serum lipids. Repeated heparin administration on three consecutive days produced no significant effects on the apparent lipase activities. When all subjects were combined, HDL-cholesterol was increased over time (P < 0.05) due to increases in both the HDL2 (P < 0.05) and HDL3-cholesterol (NS) subfractions. Infusion of heparin or saline on three consecutive days into 18 additional men, however, had no effect on any lipid parameter. We conclude that 75 IU/kg is as effective as 100 IU/kg of heparin for releasing LPLA and HTGLA and that the relative rank for lipase activities among subjects with a wide range of values is not affected by the heparin dose. Repeated heparin injections do not alter postheparin plasma lipase activities or lipid and lipoprotein concentrations measured on subsequent days.
Localization length at the resistivity minima of the quantum Hall effect

The resistivity minima of the quantum Hall effect arise due to the localization of the electron states at the Fermi energy, when it is positioned between adjacent Landau levels. In this paper we calculate the localization length $\xi$ of such states at even filling factors $\nu = 2 N$. The calculation is done for several models of disorder (``white-noise,'' short-range, and long-range random potentials). We find that the localization length has a power-law dependence on the Landau level index, $\xi \propto N^\alpha$ with the exponent $\alpha$ between one and ${10/3}$, depending on the model. In particular, for a ``white-noise'' random potential $\xi$ roughly coincides with the classical cyclotron radius. Our results are in reasonable agreement with experimental data on low and moderate mobility samples.
IR spectral characterization of customer blackbody sources: first calibration results

We summarize recent progress in our infrared (IR) spectral radiance metrology effort. In support of customer blackbody characterization, a realization of the spectral radiance scale has been undertaken in the temperature range of 232 °C to 962 °C and spectral range of 2.5 μm to 20 μm. We discuss the scale realization process that includes the use of Sn, Zn, Al and Ag fixed-point blackbodies (BB), as well as the transfer of the spectral radiance scale to transfer standard BBs based on water, Cs and Na heat pipes. Further we discuss the procedures for customer source calibration with several examples of the spectral radiance and emissivity measurements of secondary standard BB sources. For one of the BBs, a substantial deviation of emissivity values from the manufacturer specifications was found. Further plans include expansion of the adopted methodology for temperatures down to 15 °C and building a dedicated facility for spectral characterization of IR radiation sources.
Precis of knowledge and the flow of information

A theory of information is developed in which the informational content of a signal (structure, event) can be specified. This content is expressed by a sentence describing the condition at a source on which the properties of a signal depend in some lawful way. Information, as so defined, though perfectly objective, has the kind of semantic property (intentionality) that seems to be needed for an analysis of cognition. Perceptual knowledge is an information-dependent internal state with a content corresponding to the information producing it. This picture of knowledge captures most of what makes knowledge an important cpistcmological notion. It also avoids many of the problems infecting traditional justificational accounts of knowledge (knowledge as [justified, true belief’). Our information pickup systems are characterized in terms of the way they encode incoming information (perception) for further cognitive processing. Our perceptual experience is distinguished from our perceptual beliefs by the different way sensory information is encoded in these internal structures. Our ropositional attitudes – those (unlike knowledge) having a content that can be either true or false (e.g., belief) – are described in terms of the way internal (presumably neural) structures acquire during learning a certain information-carrying role. The content of these structures (whether true or false) is identified with the kind of information they were developed to carry
Low-grade pelvic masses with spindle cell and fibroblastic proliferation: a case report

Abdominal-pelvic masses containing spindle cell and fibroblastic proliferation are very rare. Since scant studies have reported on the pathologic characteristics inherent in this disease, appropriate clinical management is undetermined. We report on an 87 year-old woman who presented with large abdominal pelvic masses, ascites, ureteral obstruction, and an elevated CA-125 serum level. The patient underwent surgical resection of the lesions and has since done very well. Final pathology revealed a low-grade ovarian tumor with spindle cell and fibroblastic proliferation. To the best of our knowledge, this appears to be the only reported clinical case of a patient with this rare histology.
Synovial Fluid Biomarkers for Periprosthetic Infection

We have previously described a unique gene expression signature exhibited by synovial fluid leukocytes in response to bacterial infection, identifying a number of potential biomarkers for infection. However, the diagnostic performance of these potential biomarkers in an immunoassay format is unknown. We therefore evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of several potential synovial fluid biomarkers for infection, and compared them to current standards of testing for periprosthetic infection. We prospectively collected synovial fluid from 14 patients classified as having a periprosthetic infection and 37 patients classified as having an aseptic failure. The synovial fluid samples were tested for 23 potential biomarkers for periprosthetic infection. We then determined differences in biomarker levels between infected and aseptic groups, then computed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy for select biomarkers, and finally compared those to current standard tests for infection. Twelve synovial fluid biomarkers had substantially higher average levels in the synovial fluid of infected versus aseptic patients. Synovial fluid levels of IL-1 were a mean of 258 times higher in patients with a periprosthetic infection compared to patients having revision for aseptic diagnoses. Synovial fluid IL-1 and IL-6 levels correctly classified all patients in this study with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy equal to 1. Several markers tested in this study outperformed the ESR and CRP tests. Patients with a periprosthetic infection have elevated levels of numerous synovial fluid biomarkers, when compared to patients with aseptic diagnoses. Several of these biomarkers exhibited nearly ideal sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in this study, suggesting that synovial fluid biomarkers could be a valuable tool for diagnosing periprosthetic infection. Level III, prognostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Structure of β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Carboxysomal Shell Reveals a Distinct Subclass with One Active Site for the Price of Two

CsoSCA (formerly CsoS3) is a bacterial carbonic anhydrase localized in the shell of a cellular microcompartment called the carboxysome, where it converts HCO(3)(-) to CO(2) for use in carbon fixation by ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO). CsoSCA lacks significant sequence similarity to any of the four known classes of carbonic anhydrase (alpha, beta, gamma, or delta), and so it was initially classified as belonging to a new class, epsilon. The crystal structure of CsoSCA from Halothiobacillus neapolitanus reveals that it is actually a representative member of a new subclass of beta-carbonic anhydrases, distinguished by a lack of active site pairing. Whereas a typical beta-carbonic anhydrase maintains a pair of active sites organized within a two-fold symmetric homodimer or pair of fused, homologous domains, the two domains in CsoSCA have diverged to the point that only one domain in the pair retains a viable active site. We suggest that this defunct and somewhat diminished domain has evolved a new function, specific to its carboxysomal environment. Despite the level of sequence divergence that separates CsoSCA from the other two subclasses of beta-carbonic anhydrases, there is a remarkable level of structural similarity among active site regions, which suggests a common catalytic mechanism for the interconversion of HCO(3)(-) and CO(2). Crystal packing analysis suggests that CsoSCA exists within the carboxysome shell either as a homodimer or as extended filaments.
Electron‐transfer polymers. XXXVIII. Further investigation of “polymer effects” with self‐protected polymer

3-Methacrylyloxymethyl-5,7,8-trimethylchroman-6-01 (MMC) was prepared, polymerized, and copolymerized. Poly-MMC, a reduced redox polymer, is stable to air and is oxidized readily. The redox behaviors of poly-MMC and copolymers with vinyl acetate were compared with that of 3-propionyloxymethyl-5,7,8-trimethylchroman-6-o1 (PMC), the model monomer. The titration curves of the polymers were flat as is usual with redox polymers, and showed higher midpoint potentials than the model monomer. One factor in this “polymer effect” was found to be adsorption of oxidized polymer on the electrode. But there seem still to be present other factors yet to be clarified.
The coagulopathy in acute promyelocytic leukaemia – What have we learned in the past twenty years

Coagulopathy is a unique component of the pathology of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Though many causative factors have been elucidated, therapies to rectify the coagulopathy are far from being realised. Thrombotic and bleeding complications remain the major causes of early deaths. In this chapter, the known causes of abnormalities in haemostatic function, namely the coagulopathy and changes in the fibrinolytic system, will be reviewed. Major risk factors for these complications are identified. Current available measures for correction of the coagulopathy and their effectiveness are critically examined. Unless the coagulopathy can be effectively controlled, bleeding complications will remain an obstacle to achieving a cure for this disease. The issues that need to be addressed in next phase of investigations are also discussed.
Histological staining with two direct textile dyes: pontamine black RRX and pontamine fast black PGR.

In paraffin sections of formalin-fixed human oral mucous membrane, Pontamine black RRX (Direct Black 5, C. I. 30245) stained both squamous cell carcinoma and benign fibrous hyperplasia. A 2% solution of the former (PB RRX) required a 20 min staining time; a 3% solution of the latter (PFB PGR), 30 min. Staining was tested for acidified, unmodified, and alkalinized aqueous solutions of the dyes. The addition of 1 ml of concentrated NH, OH to 100 ml of the PB RRX improved staining slightly; acidification reduced the intensity. The addition of 4 ml of 1 N HCI to 100 ml of the PFB PGR enhanced the speed and intensity of staining; alkalinization was without effect.
Scaffolding Middle School Students’ Comprehension and Response to Short Stories

AbstractTeaching narrative text selections is an important part of the middle grades English curriculum. As middle grades educators search for ways to best support their students’ reading, it is important to consider carefully the effects of various approaches to teaching literature. This study focused on the two most popular approaches to teaching literature, the cognitive-oriented and reader-response approaches, and compared the effects each approach has on students’ comprehension and response to a narrative text.Specifically, the study examined the results on 85 sixth grade students’ comprehension and response to literature when they were taught stories using a reader-response approach and when using a more cognitive-oriented approach. To compare the two methods, each was operationalized in a Scaffolded Reading Experience (SRE), an instructional framework designed to foster students’ understanding and engagement with individual texts. Results showed that using a reader-response approach resulted in stu...
Role of Electrostatic Interactions in Amyloid β-Protein (Aβ) Oligomer Formation: A Discrete Molecular Dynamics Study

Pathological folding and oligomer formation of the amyloid beta-protein (A beta) are widely perceived as central to Alzheimer's disease. Experimental approaches to study A beta self-assembly provide limited information because most relevant aggregates are quasi-stable and inhomogeneous. We apply a discrete molecular dynamics approach combined with a four-bead protein model to study oligomer formation of A beta. We address the differences between the two most common A beta alloforms, A beta 40 and A beta 42, which oligomerize differently in vitro. Our previous study showed that, despite simplifications, our discrete molecular dynamics approach accounts for the experimentally observed differences between A beta 40 and A beta 42 and yields structural predictions amenable to in vitro testing. Here we study how the presence of electrostatic interactions (EIs) between pairs of charged amino acids affects A beta 40 and A beta 42 oligomer formation. Our results indicate that EIs promote formation of larger oligomers in both A beta 40 and A beta 42. Both A beta 40 and A beta 42 display a peak at trimers/tetramers, but A beta 42 displays additional peaks at nonamers and tetradecamers. EIs thus shift the oligomer size distributions to larger oligomers. Nonetheless, the A beta 40 size distribution remains unimodal, whereas the A beta 42 distribution is trimodal, as observed experimentally. We show that structural differences between A beta 40 and A beta 42 that already appear in the monomer folding, are not affected by EIs. A beta 42 folded structure is characterized by a turn in the C-terminus that is not present in A beta 40. We show that the same C-terminal region is also responsible for the strongest intermolecular contacts in A beta 42 pentamers and larger oligomers. Our results suggest that this C-terminal region plays a key role in the formation of A beta 42 oligomers and the relative importance of this region increases in the presence of EIs. These results suggest that inhibitors targeting the C-terminal region of A beta 42 oligomers may be able to prevent oligomer formation or structurally modify the assemblies to reduce their toxicity.
ALUM SHALE BITUMEN MATURATION AND MIGRATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR GOTLAND'S OIL

Thermal maturation of Swedish Alum Shale kerogen and bitumen has been determined from core samples from Eastern and Central Sweden. In samples from Eastern Sweden (Oland and Gotland), the kerogen and bitumen are thermally immature with respect to petroleum generation. In some areas of Central Sweden (Narke, Ostergotland, and Kinnekulle in Vastergotland), the kerogen is immature, whereas the bitumen is marginally mature to mature. In other areas of Central Sweden (Halleberg-Hunneberg in Vastergotland), the kerogen is super-mature and the bitumen mature. This suggests that bitumen from a mature source-rock has migrated into the Alum Shales of Central Sweden. Migration in Central Sweden is further evidenced by the occurrence of obviously-migrated bitumens in vugs and voids in the organic-poor Ordovician limestone overlying the Alum Shale in Central Sweden, and in concretions within the Alum Shale itself.
A learning-based method to match a test pattern generator to a circuit-under-test

LFSRs are used as low-cost test pattern generators for circuits testable by pseudo-random patterns. We demonstrate that different LFSRs of the same degree, started from different initial states, may yield significantly different fault coverages and test lengths when used as test pattern generators for a given circuit, especially when the circuit is not fully testable by a practical number of pseudo-random patterns. A method to tailor an LFSR to a circuit-under-test is proposed, that attempts to select the most effective LFSR and initial state for the circuit. The method is based on a learning process that can be applied directly to certain classes of circuits. The learning process is also used to establish a collection of (primitive and non-primitive) LFSRs and initial states, effective for arbitrary circuits. Experimental results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. >
The Revitalization of New England's Small Town Mills: Breathing New Life into Old Places

This paper describes and analyzes the recent experience of communities in the six New England states concerning the revitalization of their 19th century mills and mill yards. It begins with an examination of the importance of these complexes to the economy of New England in the 19th and early 20th centuries and the slow decline of the mills into the present. It then identifies the factors that are now stimulating their revitalization and provides myriad examples of where success has occurred. This is followed by a section on ‘Lessons Learned’ from the experience, and a closing comment concerning future actions.
Design considerations for a multihop wireless network testbed

Limited fidelity of simulators has prompted researchers to build wireless network testbeds for realistic testing. Unlike simulators, which have broad applicability, most of these testbeds are tailored to specific projects and cannot be used by a wider research community. Recognizing the growing importance of testbeds, this article is one of the first attempts to identify a comprehensive set of requirements for a general-purpose multihop wireless network testbed and the challenges therein. The issues range from initial testbed deployment and routine management to individual experimental configuration and data collection. We survey state-of-the-art wireless testbeds and highlight their salient features. The article is intended to provide an initial reference for researchers, application developers, and administrators dealing with various aspects of wireless network testbeds.
Duodenal obstruction in a newborn secondary to a multicystic kidney

A 1741) e. 3 da) old premature l’cm;~lc W;IS rcl’crred IO Oklahom;i Children’s Memorial Hospiiil with :I hlator\ 01‘ hllr staIned. postpr3ndlal vomiting since hlrth. There ~3s 3 concom~t;~n~ weight IOLI\. Ph\\ical euamlnati~,n uas normal except l’or :I tirm. nontender mass in the rlglir upper quxdrnnt. All Irlhoratory d3t:i and chrqt x-ray were normal. Upper gastrointehtlnnl \cr~:z revealed p3rti31 ohqtruction xcondxrq to eutrinslc comprcsslon at the second part 01’ the duodenum (I-lg. I). Intravenous pylogram n of the duodenum. The perltuneal cavity was entered through LL right upper quadrant trunbverse incisIc)n. The right kidney ~3s multiqatic with 3 single ureter. Tic second p;lrt \I)(‘ the duodenum ~:,h compressed hy the supcrlor cyst\. The left kidney was n(lrmlll xnd the duodenum was without c~idrnce or intrlnslc lesionr. A right nrphrcctom\i und urcterci’tomv wx:, pcrf~lrmed (t lg. 3).
SNAP: efficient snapshots for back-in-time execution

SNAP is a novel high-performance snapshot system for object storage systems. The goal is to provide a snapshot service that is efficient enough to permit "back-in-time" read-only activities to run against application-specified snapshots. Such activities are often impossible to run against rapidly evolving current state because of interference or because the required activity is determined in retrospect. A key innovation in SNAP is that it provides snapshots that are transactionally consistent, yet non-disruptive. Unlike earlier systems, we use novel in-memory data structures to ensure that frequent snapshots do not block applications from accessing the storage system, and do not cause unnecessary disk operations. SNAP takes a novel approach to dealing with snapshot meta-data using a new technique that supports both incremental meta-data creation and efficient meta-data reconstruction. We have implemented a SNAP prototype and analyzed its performance. Preliminary results show that providing snapshots for back-in-time activities has low impact on system performance even when snapshots are frequent.
Narrative Reproductions: Ideologies of Storytelling, Authoritative Words, and Generic Regimentation in the Village of Tewa1

This article examines an especially valorized genre of Arizona Tewa traditional stories, peeyu'u, by emphasizing ideologies of storytelling, narrative practices, and the indexical orders in which they are embedded. Tewa storytelling practices are culturally indexed to plant and human growth, to the moral development of children, and to the reproduction of the Arizona Tewa community. Native performance aesthetics encourage “speaking the past,” yet traditional stories should not be viewed as conforming examples of Bakhtin's “authoritative word.” Intertextuality is also considered, especially “generic regimentation” (Bauman 2004) and the influence of a dominant discourse model of “kiva speech” (Kroskrity 1993, 1998). [generic regimentation, ideologies of storytelling, intertextuality, the authoritative word, Pueblo Southwest]
Sulfurization of a carbon surface for vapor phase mercury removal – II: Sulfur forms and mercury uptake

Sulfur forms deposited on carbonaceous surfaces after exposure to hydrogen sulfide were analyzed using XPS and XANES. Higher temperatures promote the formation of organic sulfur and the presence of H2S during the cooling process increased elemental sulfur content. Temperatures between 400–600 C were found to be optimal for producing effective mercury uptake sorbents. The increased amount of sulfur deposited during the cooling process in the presence of H2S was very effective towards Hg uptake in nitrogen. Correlation of mercury uptake capacity and the content of each sulfur form indicated that elemental sulfur, thiophene, and sulfate are likely responsible for mercury uptake, with elemental sulfur species being the most effective. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.