cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Die Stäbchenzellschicht der Retina

Das Sinnesepithel der Retina ist aus hochst spezialisierten photosensiblen Zellen aufgebaut, die auf Grund der Form ihrer ausersten Segmente in der Literatur als Stabchen und Zapfen bezeichnet werden. In der vorliegenden Aufnahme wird nur die Stabchenschicht zusammen mit den Zellauslaufern, die sie tragen, gezeigt, da die Retina der Kanguruh-Ratte nur aus Stabchen aufgebaut ist. Andere Teile der Stabchenzelle, welche den Kern enthalten und das Axon dieser Sinneszelle darstellen, erstrecken sich uber das Bild zur linken Seite hinaus und vermischen sich dort mit anderen Zellen des Retinaepithels.
Variation inequalities for the Fejér and Poisson kernels

In this paper we show that the g-th order variation operator, for both the Fejer and Poisson kernels, are bounded from L p to L p , 1 2. Counterexamples are given if g = 2.
Robustness of temporal logic specifications

In this paper, we consider the robust interpretation of metric temporal logic (MTL) formulas over timed sequences of states. For systems whose states are equipped with nontrivial metrics, such as continuous, hybrid, or general metric transition systems, robustness is not only natural, but also a critical measure of system performance. In this paper, we define robust, multi-valued semantics for MTL formulas, which capture not only the usual Boolean satisfiability of the formula, but also topological information regarding the distance, e, from unsatisfiability. We prove that any other timed trace which remains e-close to the initial one also satisfies the same MTL specification with the usual Boolean semantics. We derive a computational procedure for determining an under-approximation to the robustness degree e of the specification with respect to a given finite timed state sequence. Our approach can be used for robust system simulation and testing, as well as form the basis for simulation-based verification.
Base Composition of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Isolated from Mycobacteria

Guanine plus cytosine values of deoxyribonucleic acid derived from 30 cultures representing 14 mycobacterial species or varieties are presented. These data provide impressive reasons for maintaining the separation between the genera Corynebacterium and Mycobacterium; no conclusions can be arrived at from these data with respect to the Nocardia-Mycobacterium relationship. A bimodal clustering, in terms of guanine plus cytosine composition, is apparent within the genus Mycobacterium. In general, all members of any single phenetic species appear to fit into one or another of these clusters. The phenetic separation of species is, in some cases, confirmed by separation in terms of guanine plus cytosine values. The bimodal separation of guanine plus cytosine values within the genus Mycobacterium does not correspond to a division of the species into slow and rapid growers; it thus provides no justification for splitting Mycobacterium into two genera, composed of slow and rapid growers. This is not to say that such a split would not be useful, only that these data do not contribute to such a decision. Any further attempts to correlate phenetic classification with properties of mycobacterial deoxyribonucleic acid will require more specific techniques, such as molecular hybridization.
LIBERATED: a fully in-browser client and server web application debug and test environment

Traditional web-based client-server application development has been accomplished in two separate pieces: the frontend portion which runs on the client machine has been written in HTML and JavaScript; and the backend portion which runs on the server machine has been written in PHP, ASP.net, or some other "server-side" language which typically interfaces to a database. The skill sets required for these two pieces are different. In this paper, I demonstrate a new methodology for web-based client-server application development, in which a simulated server is built into the browser environment to run the backend code. This allows the frontend to issue requests to the backend, and the developer to step, using a debugger, directly from frontend code into backend code, and to debug and test both the frontend and backend portions. Once working, that backend code is moved to a real server. Since the application-specific code has been tested in the simulated environment, it is unlikely that bugs will be encountered at the server that did not exist in the simulated environment. I have implemented this methodology and used it for development of a live application. All of the code is open source.
Convoying Using a Radar Reflective Patch

This study describes the development of a radar reflective patch to be used for look-ahead radar for convoying ground vehicles. Headway and orientation information is provided by the lead vehicle through a radar patch. The follower vehicle receives the information via a radar/transmitter/receiver.
Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery for breast cancer brain metastases: outcomes and prognostic factors.

BACKGROUND: Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is often considered in breast cancer patients previously treated for brain metastases. The goal of this study was to analyze clinical outcomes and prognostic factors for survival in the salvage setting. METHODS: The authors retrospectively examined 79 consecutive breast cancer patients who received salvage SRS (interval of >3 months after initial therapy), 76 of whom (96%) received prior whole-brain radiation therapy. Overall survival (OS) and central nervous system (CNS) progression-free survival rates were calculated from the date of SRS using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Median age was 50.5 years. Fifty-eight percent of this population was estrogen receptor positive, 62% was HER2 positive, and 10% was triple negative. At the time of SRS, 95% had extracranial metastases, with 81% of extracranial metastases at other visceral sites (lung/pleura/liver). Forty-eight percent had stable extracranial disease. Median interval from initial brain metastases therapy to SRS was 8.4 months. Median CNS progression-free survival after SRS was 5.7 months (interquartile range [IQR], 3.6-11 months), and median OS was 9.8 months (IQR, 3.8-18 months). Eighty-two percent of evaluable patients received further systemic therapy after SRS. HER2 status (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.4; P = .008) and extracranial disease status (adjusted HR, 2.7; P = .004) were significant prognostic factors for survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with good Karnofsky performance status, salvage SRS for breast cancer brain metastases is a reasonable treatment option, given an associated median survival in excess of 9 months. Furthermore, patients with HER2-positive tumors at diagnosis or stable extracranial disease at the time of SRS have an improved clinical course, with median survival of >1 year. Cancer 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Finding similar files in a large file system

We present a tool, called sif, for finding all similar files in a large file system. Files are considered similar if they have significant number of common pieces, even if they are very different otherwise. For example, one file may be contained, possibly with some changes, in another file, or a file may be a reorganization of another file. The running time for finding all groups of similar files, even for as little as 25% similarity, is on the order of 500MB to 1GB an hour. The amount of similarity and several other customized parameters can be determined by the user at a post-processing stage, which is very fast. Sif can also be used to very quickly identify all similar files to a query file using a preprocessed index. Application of sif can be found in file management, information collecting (to remove duplicates), program reuse, file synchronization, data compression, and maybe even plagiarism detection.
Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of metals for microelectronics technology

Abstract Laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of high-purity metals has been applied to a wide variety of microelectronics applications. The ability to selectively produce thin metallic films with good electrical properties, in a well defined and controlled manner, has been a major goal of research in this area. An understanding of the laser deposition process, such as the laser-surface interaction and the decomposition chemistry of the metal precursor, is critical. In recent years, a greater understanding of the fundamental processes has been gained and great progress has been made in the design and optimization of precursors for the deposition of high-purity metals. The ability to deposit conducting metals has enabled specific applications to be addressed. The most promising applications are the laser-induced repair of “open” circuit defects, laser-induced deposition of interconnects for customization of circuits and the repair of “clear” defects in lithographic masks. Further, using laser-induced deposition for the testing of early engineering designs and the customization of limited-volume microelectronic components may provide a cost-effective alternative to conventional lithographic processes.
Subintimal hemorrhage in an unruptured superior cerebellar artery aneurysm: prelude to rupture: case report.

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE An intracranial aneurysm that hemorrhages into the subintimal layer of the blood vessel is a rare clinical entity. Such a hemorrhage is distinct from dissecting aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms of the cerebral circulation and may represent an aneurysm in the process of rupturing. The authors report their experience in the management of a patient who presented with a subintimal hemorrhage of a superior cerebellar aneurysm. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 54-year-old man presented with a progressively worsening headache over the course of 3 days. A noncontrast computed tomographic scan did not demonstrate subarachnoid hemorrhage but was suggestive of a posterior circulation aneurysm. INTERVENTION In the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage on the computed tomographic scan, negative findings for xanthochromia in the cerebrospinal fluid, and no evidence of subarachnoid blood on magnetic resonance imaging, a conventional four-vessel cerebral angiogram was performed, which revealed a right superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. Further evaluation on magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal signal conforming to the aneurysm wall, suggesting the presence of a contained subintimal hemorrhage. The patient underwent a right frontotemporal craniotomy (half-and-half approach) for clip ligation of the superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. CONCLUSION Subintimal hemorrhage of an aneurysm in the absence of subarachnoid hemorrhage may be conceptually considered an aneurysm in the process of rupturing. Thus, aneurysms found in the acute setting may benefit from further workup, such as magnetic resonance imaging or highly selective angiographic evaluation of the aneurysm itself. Timely surgical intervention may prevent otherwise imminent rupture into the subarachnoid space.
Corporate reputation: Pricing and competing in Chinese markets – strategies for multinationals

This article examines weaknesses of multinational corporations in China. Many multinationals target high price and high‐end segments when entering the country. This creates several problems. First, this market position makes them less sensitive to the growth opportunities in mid to low‐end segments. Second, the high price strategy provides local firms with opportunities to grow their businesses and to consolidate and increase market size in mid‐ to low‐end segments. Furthermore, the low cost strategy also helps local Chinese firms increase exports. After gaining competitive strengths, many local competitors upgrade their products and technologies to attack upper‐middle to high‐end segments, the core markets of many multinationals. This competitive dynamic suggests that multinationals should be aggressive and preemptive in monitoring local competitors in mid‐ to low‐end segments. When local firms are weak, using competitive prices is more urgent than bringing cutting edge products to the Chinese market. However, when local firms become strong competitors, though competitive prices remain important, multinationals should leverage their advanced products and technologies to compete in China. We discuss several factors contributing to the high costs of doing business in China and other factors contributing to success or failure of multinationals, such as establishing distribution channels, not ignoring the less affluent non‐central city markets, and educating the Chinese customers to create differentiated products and services.
Slurry-Phase Biological Treatment of 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-Dinitrotoluene: Role of Bioaugmentation and Effects of High Dinitrotoluene Concentrations

A pilot-scale study was conducted to evaluate the use of aerobic slurry reactors to treat soils that were highly contaminated with 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT). Con...
Phylogenetic signal in extinction selectivity in Devonian terebratulide brachiopods

Determining which biological traits affect taxonomic durations is critical for explaining macroevolutionary patterns. Two approaches are commonly used to investigate the associations between traits and durations and/or extinction and origination rates: analyses of taxonomic occurrence patterns in the fossil record and comparative phylogenetic analyses, predominantly of extant taxa. By capitalizing upon the empirical record of past extinctions, paleontological data avoid some of the limitations of existing methods for inferring extinction and origination rates from molecular phylogenies. However, most paleontological studies of extinction selectivity have ignored phylogenetic relationships because there is a dearth of phylogenetic hypotheses for diverse non-vertebrate higher taxa in the fossil record. This omission inflates the degrees of freedom in statistical analyses and leaves open the possibility that observed associations are indirect, reflecting shared evolutionary history rather than the direct influence of particular traits on durations. Here we investigate global patterns of extinction selectivity in Devonian terebratulide brachiopods and compare the results of taxonomic vs. phylogenetic approaches. Regression models that assume independence among taxa provide support for a positive association between geographic range size and genus duration but do not indicate an association between body size and genus duration. Brownian motion models of trait evolution identify significant similarities in body size, range size, and duration among closely related terebratulide genera. We use phylogenetic regression to account for shared evolutionary history and find support for a significant positive association between range size and duration among terebratulides that is also phylogenetically structured. The estimated range size–duration relationship is moderately weaker in the phylogenetic analysis due to the down-weighting of closely related genera that were both broadly distributed and long lived; however, this change in slope is not statistically significant. These results provide evidence for the phylogenetic conservatism of organismal and emergent traits, yet also the general phylogenetic independence of the relationship between range size and duration.
T cells: A proliferation of costimulatory molecules

The identification and characterization of a newly extended family of molecules related to the T-cell costimulatory proteins CD28 and B7 suggests that a distinct form of costimulatory signals could be important for effector T-cell responses outside of lymphoid tissues.
Changing Carbon Isotope Ratio of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide: Implications For Food Authentication

Carbon isotopes are often used to detect the addition of foreign sugars to foods. This technique takes advantage of the natural difference in carbon isotope ratio between C(3) and C(4) plants. Many foods are derived from C(3) plants, but the low-cost sweeteners corn and sugar cane are C(4) plants. Most adulteration studies do not take into account the secular shift of the carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide caused by fossil fuel burning, a shift also seen in plant tissues. As a result statistical tests and threshold values that evaluate authenticity of foods based on carbon isotope ratios may need to be corrected for changing atmospheric isotope values. Literature and new data show that the atmospheric trend in carbon isotopes is seen in a 36-year data set of maple syrup analyses (n = 246), demonstrating that published thresholds for cane or corn sugar adulteration in maple syrup (and other foods) have become progressively more lenient over time.
Site Selected for Colorado Plateau Coring: Colorado Plateau Coring Project Workshop, Phase 2: 100 Million Years of Climatic, Tectonic, and Biotic Evolution From Continental Coring; Albuquerque, New Mexico, 8–11 May 2009

A workshop was convened in New Mexico to plan for the Colorado Plateau Coring Project (CPCP) and identify the target site for initial coring. The giant continental and near-shore to shallow marine epicontinental basins of the American Southwest are particularly well exposed on the Colorado Plateau and its environs and contain a rich record of early Mesozoic (∼251–145 million years ago) strata. This time period was punctuated by two major mass extinctions and is notable for the evolutionary appearance of the modern biota and its apparent dramatic climate changes. Classic studies of these basins, their strata, and their fossils have made this sequence instrumental in framing the context for the early Mesozoic world. Ambiguities in temporal resolution, uncertainties in global correlations with other early Mesozoic strata, and major doubts about latitudinal position still hamper testing of competing climatic, biotic, and tectonic models for the evolution of western Pangea.
Operational production of winds from cloud motions

Abstract Operational production of NOAA cloud motion winds is reviewed. A new technique to improve the height assignment of the cloud motion winds is described and statistical verification of satellite wind information is discussed. Higher quality satellite wind data are a valuable tool to improved descriptions of global atmospheric circulation, which is an important constituent in studies of climate and global change.
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of Trypanosoma brucei is targeted to the glycosomes by a C‐terminal sequence

Import of proteins into the glycosomes of T. brucei resembles the peroxisomal protein import in that C-terminal SKL-like tripeptide sequences can function as targeting signals. Many of the glycosomal proteins do not, however, possess such C-terminal tripeptide signals. Among these, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK (ATP)) was thought to be targeted to the glycosomes by an N-terminal or an internal targeting signal. A limited similarity to the N-terminal targeting signal of rat peroxisomal thiolase exists at the N-terminus of T. brucei PEPCK. However, we found that this peroxisomal targeting signal does not function for glycosomal protein import in T. brucei. Further studies of the PEPCK gene revealed that the C-terminus of the predicted protein does not correspond to the previously deduced protein sequence of 472 amino acids due to a -1 frame shift error in the original DNA sequence. Readjusting the reading frame of the sequence results in a predicted protein of 525 amino acids in length ending in a tripeptide serine-arginine-leucine (SRL), which is a potential targeting signal for import into the glycosomes. A fusion protein of firefly luciferase, without its own C-terminal SKL targeting signal, and T. brucei PEPCK is efficiently imported into the glycosomes when expressed in procyclic trypanosomes. Deletion of the C-terminal SRL tripeptide or the last 29 amino acids of PEPCK reduced the import only by about 50%, while a deletion of the last 47 amino acids completely abolished the import. These results suggest that T. brucei PEPCK may contain a second, internal glycosomal targeting signal upstream of the C-terminal SRL sequence.
Late-onset hypocalcemia, rickets, and hypoparathyroidism in an infant of a mother with hyperparathyroidism.

fugation in patients with persistent septicemia. J Clin Microbiol 1984;19:766-71. 3. Wing E J, Norden CW, Shadduck RK, et al. Use of quantitative bacteriologic techniques to diagnose catheter-related sepsis. Arch Intern Med 1979;139:482-3. 4. Prince A, Heller B, Levy J, et al. Management of fever in patients with central vein catheters. Pediatr Infect Dis 1986;5:20-4. 5. Hiemenz J, Skelton J, Pizzo P. Perspective on the management of catheter-related infections in cancer patients. Pediatr infect Dis 1986;5:6l 1. 6. Pazin G J, Peterson KL, Griff FW, et al. Determination of site of infection in endocarditis. Ann Intern Med 1975;82:74650. 7. Krauss AN, Albert RF, Kannan MM. Contamination of umbilical catheters in the newborn infant. J PEDIATR 1970;77:965-9. 8. Anagnostakis D, Kamba A, Petrocbilou V. Risk of infection associated with umbilical vein catheterization. J PEDIATR 1975;86:759-65. 9. Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW. A semiquantitative culture method for identifying intravenous catheter-related infection. N Engl J Med 1977;296:1305-9. 10. Cooper GL, Hopkins CC. Rapid diagnosis of intravascular catheter-associated infection by direct Gram staining of catheter segments. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1142-7. 11. Snydman DR, Murray SA, Kornfeld S J, et al. Total parenteral nutrition-related infections: prospective epidemiologic study using semiquantitative methods. Am J Med 1982; 73:695-9. 12. Carey RB. Clinical comparison of the Isolator 1.5 microbial tube and the BACTEC radiometric system for detection of bacteremia in children. J Clin Microbiol 1984;19:634-8. 13. Stutman HR, Welch DF. Comparison of lysis-direct plating and broth methods for pediatric blood cultures: clinical relevance and cost effectiveness. Pediatr Infect Dis 1985;4: 52-5.
When Businesses Falter: How Relational Climates Foster or Hinder Recovery

When businesses stop growing and stall, existing literature emphasizes the role of the strategic turnaround process, yet only a fraction of firms successfully recover. Our qualitative comparative s...
On the development of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and gluconeogenesis in guinea pig liver.

Summary The activity of cytosol phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is negligible in near term fetal guinea pig liver but the mitochondrial form of the enzyme is present in amounts comparable to that found in the adult. If Cesarean delivered newborns are examined 24 hours after delivery, the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme remains unchanged whereas the cytosol activity almost equals that in the mitochondria. Livers taken from near term fetuses and perfused immediately after Cesarean section synthesize glucose from lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol, and from lactate-pyruvate mixtures.
Recent Advances in Gaseous Dielectrics at Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Recent developments in gaseous dielectrics are discussed with emphasis on dielectric gas mixtures containing SF6. Recent findings on the isotopic, pressure, and nonuniform field dependence of the dielectric strength of gases are also presented, and ways to enhance the corona-stabilization characteristics of gas mixtures by appropriate additives (e.g. to SF6) are outlined. In addition, results are presented on the spark decomposition products of SF6 and the alleviation of the harmful effects of conducting particles by particle coating in situ. Finally, electron attachment, electron drift velocity, and breakdown properties of gas mixtures (e.g. C2F6 or C3F8 in Ar or CH4) - comprised of electron attaching and electron conductivity enhancing components - which have promise for use in pulsed power technologies are reported.
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from sand dunes of Cape Cod, Massachusetts

Five species of Gigaspora were found in association with roots of Ammophila breviligulata in the Cape Cod dunes. Comparison is made with previous findings in Rhode Island dunes.
Nerve growth factor stimulates the development of substance P in sensory ganglia

The development of the putative neurotransmitter substance P (SP) in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was defined in vivo. The sixth cervical DRG of newborn rats contained 70 pg of SP, and the ganglionic content increased 5.5-fold during the first 5 weeks of life. Forelimb amputation partially prevented the normal developmental increase of SP in the sixth cervical DRG destined to innervate that limb. Conversely, treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) increased both ganglionic SP and total ganglion protein. Moreover, NGF administration prevented the failure of SP development that followed amputation, suggesting that NGF may mediate the limb-DRG interaction. However, treatment with antiserum to NGF failed to significantly inhibit development of ganglion SP. Consequently, neonatal ganglia may remain responsive to NGF, without requiring the protein for survival. SP appears to be an excellent index of the maturation of neurons in dorsal root ganglia.
Maternal-fetal surgery.

Maternal-fetal surgery is, by design, inherently innovative. When those whose work has been integral to the development of this budding subspecialty are questioned about their motivation, the reply is invariably the same: at a critical point in their career, they observed a progressively worsening malformation that, if discovered in a newborn, would be readily treatable. Because the anomaly was diagnosed in a fetus remote from term, however, their hands were tied. All they could do was watch helplessly as the malformation worsened with agonizing certainty until the mother finally delivered a baby far too injured to rehabilitate successfully. The anguished frustration resulting from such a traumatic experience often leads to the determined declaration, ‘‘This is treatable!’’ At this crucial point, however, the newly energized clinician confronts the awful realization that the early, easily recognizable, predictably progressive malformation is not treatable. Not now. Not yet. There are no reliable techniques to approach the problem. Even if the concepts were clear, there are no tools for accomplishing the goal. This is the moment of truth when the idealistic clinician must be transformed into a focused researcher. Years of work follow. Ideas evolve, with scenarios deconstructed and reconstructed among equally dedicated colleagues. The literature is scoured for any piece of information that might fit into the growing riddle. Inspiration often comes at unexpected times and from seemingly unrelated sources—a presentation at a routine conference, a little-noticed journal article. Suddenly, the solution appears. Animal models are developed, hypotheses are strengthened, and all the experimental work is fruitful. Everything is falling into place. Eventually, the limits of laboratory and animal models must be admitted. At some point, the only way forward is a human experiment. The carefully designed
Proposed controlled trials of phosphate reduction in CKD: which whey should we go?

To the Editor: Isakova et al.1 have written an outstanding review of the potential importance of phosphate as a uremic toxin in many organ systems, and justifiably cite the need for randomized controlled trials in this area. However, their proposed trial designs primarily emphasize the testing of various phosphate binders, with diet being relegated to a secondary role. Even a hefty dose of binder will remove only about 200–300 mg/day of phosphate,2, 3 whereas phosphate intake is commonly in the range of 1–1.5 g/day, of which about 70% is normally absorbed. There is some degree of nihilism in this area with regard to dietary counseling, although compliance with very-low-protein diets may not be that difficult for a substantial number of patients.4 Furthermore, phosphate intake can to a substantial extent be decoupled from protein intake. Murphy-Gutekunst and Uribarri5 have reviewed the many sources of industry-added phosphate to foods, including processed meats, cereals, and soft drinks, and Sherman and Mehta6 have emphasized the variability of the phosphate to protein ratio. Boiling of meat can reduce its phosphate content substantially, while maintaining most of its nitrogen content.7 Finally, powdered whey protein is a cheap dietary supplement widely available in health food stores and gymnasiums. Although the phosphate content of whey varies, a typical composition may be 56 mg of phosphate in 25 g (2.24 mg/g) of very high biological value protein (TwinLab 100% Whey Protein Fuel, Ideasphere, American Fork, UT, USA). Methods for formulating low-phosphorus whey protein hydrolysates have been described, which produce a product containing as little as 0.15 mg phosphorus per gram of protein.8 A dose of 50 g/day of protein supplement as commercially available powdered whey would deliver only 100–200 mg/day of phosphorus. This, coupled with a 0.3 g/kg/day low-protein diet, with special attention to avoidance of foods with a high phosphorus/protein ratio, should be able to reduce the dietary phosphate intake from 1–1.5 g/day to the range of 500–600 mg/day, while maintaining amino-acid needs. The use of whey protein in uremia is not a new idea,9 but is one that might bear revisiting in more modern circumstances.
755-6 Neurosurgical Evacuation for Intracranial Hemorrhage Associated with Improved Outcome in GUSTO

In order to evaluate the impact of neurosurgical evacuation of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) following thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction, we analyzed the 268 patients with ICH in the GUSTO Trial. In-hospital mortality was 60% with only 13% of patients discharged with minor or no disability. Of the 268 patients, 47 had neurosurgical intervention with the following results: Download high-res image (79KB) Download full-size image For all patients with ICH, surgical evacuation was associated with a higher likelihood of survival without disability (odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 0.95–4.7). The prognosis for patients with both SDH and parenchymal hemorrhage was very poor regardless of treatment strategy. Although the differences in outcome may be due in part to selection of patients for operation with lower mortality risk, physicians caring for patients with suspected intracranial hemorrhage following thrombolytic therapy should consider early neurosurgical consultation and intervention to potentially decrease patient disability and improve survival.
Design of Integrated Monitoring System for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on Weblogic

Dispersion characteristics for AC charging pile distribution and monitoring of electric vehicles in mobile state, it proposes a communication method with the server by centralized GPRS module and Electric Vehicle Terminal (EVT). In order to meet the design requirements of the comprehensive monitoring system for remote access, system uses Struts, Spring and Hibernate framework based on Browser/Server (B/S). Network servers use weblogic cluster together with the Oracle database server and Coherence real-time database to meet the high number of concurrent users. Client pages are based on the full-featured ExtJs library with beautiful interface. The system consists of five functional modules, which are structured and closed contact with each other. Test results show that the system is stable and the average response time is short.
Amitraz-Induced Prolongation of Gastrointestinal Transit and Bradycardia in Dogs and their Antagonism by Yohimbine: Preliminary Study

ABSTRACTThe effect of IV amitraz on the transit of barium sulfate through the stomach and duodenum as well as amitraz-induced bradycardia was studied in 4 dogs. Control transit time and heart rates were determined after IV injection of dimethyl sulfoxide (0.1 ml/kg), which was subsequently used as the vehicle for amitraz administration. The time for barium sulfate to move from the stomach to the duodenojejunal junction was 6.1 ± 1.3 minutes (mean ± SEM). An IV injection of amitraz (1 mg/kg) prolonged the transit time to 251.2 ± 27.0 minutes, and induced marked bradycardia for at least 60 minutes. During the amitraz-induced prolongation of gastrointestinal transit, there were no vigorous gastric contractions for at least 180 minutes. Yohimbine, an α2-adrenergic blocking agent, given IV 20 minutes after amitraz administration, at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg, reversed both the gastrointestinal and bradycardic effects of amitraz. It was concluded that 1) amitraz causes decreased gastrointestinal motility and bradyc...
Access to opioid analgesics and pain relief for patients with cancer

Access to pain relief is a crucial concern for patients with cancer, and remains so at all stages of the illness trajectory. This Review covers the scope of the problem and considers the optimal palliative strategy, mainly through the use of opioids. It also discusses various barriers to effective pain management around the world, including regulatory and attitudinal barriers towards opioids, and the unwillingness of national governments to integrate palliative care effectively in cancer control efforts.
Precision Kinematics and Related Parameters of the α Persei Open Cluster

A kinematical study of the nearby open cluster α Persei is presented based on the astrometric proper motions and positions in the Tycho-2 catalog and Second USNO CCD Astrographic Catalog (UCAC2). Using the astrometric data and photometry from the Tycho-2 and ground-based catalogs, 139 probable members of the cluster are selected, 18 of them new. By the classical convergent point method, systematic motions of stars inside the cluster and velocity dispersions are estimated. As directly observed, the upper limit on the internal velocity dispersion per coordinate is 1.1 km s^(-1). The actual velocity dispersion is much smaller than that value, since all of it appears to come from the expected errors of the astrometric proper motions. The relative position of the convergent point with respect to the cluster stars yields the "astrometric" radial velocity, which turns out larger by a few km s^(-1) than the mean observed spectroscopic radial velocity. This implies an overall contraction of the cluster. Kinematic parallaxes are computed for each member, and an improved H-R diagram is constructed. An age of 52 Myr is determined by isochrone fitting. The star α Per itself fits an isochrone of this age computed with overshooting from the boundary of the convective zone. The theoretical mass of the star α Per is 6.65 M_⊙. With respect to the common center of mass, half of the higher mass members (earlier than G) are located within a radius of 10.3 pc. The cluster appears to be roughly twice as large, or as sparse, as the Pleiades, retaining nonetheless a similar dynamical coherence. The low rate of binaries is another feature of this cluster, where we find only about 20% of members to be known or suspected spectroscopic, astrometric, or visual binaries or multiple systems. X-ray emitters in the cluster appear to have the same dispersion of internal velocities as the rest of the membership. The cluster is surrounded by an extended, sparse halo of comoving dwarfs, which are found by combining the proper-motion data from UCAC2 with Two Micron All-Sky Survey infrared photometry. Since many of these external stars are outside the tidal radius, the cluster being in an active stage of disintegration or evaporation could be considered. This hypothesis is not supported by the weak compression and the nonmeasurable velocity dispersion found in the kinematic analysis. A search for stars ejected from the α Persei cluster is carried out by tracking a large number of nearby stars 70 Myr back in time and matching their positions with the past location of the cluster. Only one plausible ejection is found prior to 10 Myr ago. The nearby star GJ 82, an active M dwarf with a strong Hα emission, is likely a former member ejected 47 Myr ago at 5 km s^(-1).
Production of Stocker-Size Channel Catfish: Effect of Stocking Density on Production Characteristics, Costs, and Economic Risk

Abstract A study of the production of stocker channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in earthen ponds was conducted to analyze the effect of stocking density on net yield, growth, final size, feed conversion ratio, and cost of production. Vat-graded catfish fingerlings averaging 2.5 g (6.7 cm) were stocked into twelve 0.1-ha earthen ponds at 50,000, 100,000, or 150,000 fingerlings/ha. Fish were fed to satiation and harvested 166–171 d after stocking. Net yields (±SD) for the low-, medium-, and high-density treatments were 4,343 ± 1,025, 6,220 ± 399, and 7,231 ± 1,490 kg/ha, respectively. Fingerlings stocked at the lowest density reached a size significantly larger (176 ± 29 g or 26.9 ± 1.4 cm) than fingerlings stocked at medium density (135 ± 10 g or 24.8 ± 0.6 cm) or high density (114 ± 23 g or 23.4 ± 1.4 cm). Mean condition factors ranged from 0.88 to 0.91. Mean survival rates ranged from 45% to 51%. The equation that best (R 2 = 0.97) predicted fish length from weight was log e (L) = 1.649 + 0.318 log e (...
Experimental plant invasion reduces arthropod abundance and richness across multiple trophic levels

Plant invasions are known to have negative impacts on native plant communities, yet their influence on higher trophic levels has not been well documented. Past studies investigating the effects of invasive plants on herbivores and carnivores have been largely observational in nature and thus lack the ability to tease apart whether differences are a cause or consequence of the invasion. In addition, understanding how plant traits and plant species compositions change in invaded habitats may increase our ability to predict when and where invasive plants will have effects that cascade to animals. To assess effects on arthropods, we experimentally introduced a non-native plant (Microstegium vimineum, Japanese stiltgrass) in a community re-assembly experiment. We also investigated possible mechanisms through which the invader could affect associated arthropods, includ ing changes in native plant species richness, above-ground plant biomass, light availability and vegetation height. In experimentally invaded plots, arthropod abundance was reduced by 39%, and species richness declined by 19%. Carnivores experienced greater reductions in abundance than herbivores (61% vs 31% reduction). Arthropod composition significantly diverged between experimentally invaded and control plots, and particular species belonging to the abundant families Aphididae (aphids), Formicidae (ants) and Phalacridae (shining flower beetles) contributed the most to compositional dif ferences. Among the mechanisms we investigated, only the reduction in native plant species richness caused by invasion was strongly correlated with total arthropod abundance and richness. In sum, our results demonstrate negative impacts of M. vimineum invasion on higher trophic levels and suggest that these effects occur, in part, indirectly through invadermediated reductions in the richness of the native plant community. The particularly strong response of carnivores suggests that plant invasion could reduce top–down control of herbivorous species for native plants.
Base of Pleistocene in Los Angeles Basin, California: ABSTRACT

Populations of Globigerina pachyderma (Ehrenberg) are consistently left-coiling, cool-water types in sections of the lower Pleistocene of the Los Angeles basin, California; right-coiling, warm-water populatons are predominant in the upper Pliocene. The base of the Pleistocene, defined in this way, indicates a major change in water masses of the southern California area at that time. Recent radiometric dates by Obradovich place this boundary about 3 m.y. ago. Populations of Globigerina pachyderma reflect bathyal conditions generally; modern populations in End_Page 604------------------------------ typical form live suspended deeper than about 50-100 m. Basing the beginning of the Pleistocene on planktonic foraminiferal criteria, benthic Foraminifera indicate that outer-shelf conditions prevailed at the beginning of the Pleistocene in some areas, upper-bathyal depths existed in other places, middle-bathyal depths in some areas, and lower-bathyal depths at still other locations. Thus, a boundary based on upper limits of benthic species (Epistominella pacifica and Uvigerina peregrina), and defined by comparing sections from different parts of the Los Angeles basin, differs hundreds of meters in stratigraphic position. End_of_Article - Last_Page 605------------
Impact of organic compounds on the concentrations of liquid water in ambient PM2.5

Abstract A field study was undertaken during the summer of 2000 to assess the impact of the presence of organic compounds on the liquid water concentrations of PM 2.5 samples. The selected site, located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, was in a semi-rural environment with expected impacts from both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. Eight samples, collected on Teflon filters over 48-h periods, were analyzed for their liquid water concentrations by using a beta gauge to measure the change in PM 2.5 mass on the filter as a function of relative humidity in a humidity-controlled environmental chamber. The filter samples were also analyzed for mass, elemental and organic carbon, and anionic concentrations. For six of the eight samples, the measured liquid water concentrations exceeded those predicted from the presence of the inorganic constituents. A relationship between the excess liquid water and the measured organic carbon mass was found, although the standard deviations associated with the measurements were large. Through modeling studies it was determined that, on average, about 80% of the liquid water in the PM 2.5 could be accounted for by inorganic ions present, with the remaining 20% associated with organic compounds. The liquid water data were consistent with the presence of aqueous solutions supersaturated with respect to the inorganic ions in the aerosol.
Industrial practices of research conversion and technology transfer

The conversion of R&D into commercial new products has long been considered a basic tenet of industrial innovation and competitiveness. This paper describes the key variables that affect the successful commercialization of new technologies in industrial companies. Drawing on the authors' own research and consulting experience with hundreds of US and foreign companies, the paper examines the more effective practices, identifies key barriers and problem areas, and provides some conclusions and implications for practicing managers.
Renal cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolism of arachidonic acid in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Abstract Renal cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to products some of which affect vascular tone and (Na + , K + )ATPase activity. We measured these metabolites in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and control normotensive Wister-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Systolic tail blood pressure in SHR increased from 112 to 202 mm Hg and in WKY from 97 to 136 mm Hg at 5 and 20 weeks respectively. Renal cortical and outer medullary microsomes were incubated with [ 14 C]arachidonic acid; metabolites formed via the cytochrome P-450 pathway were defined as those dependent on NADPH, inhibited by SKF-525A, and unaffected by indomethacin. The P-450-dependent metabolites were higher in SHR vs WKY at 5, 7 and 11 weeks in the cortex and at 7 and 11 weeks in the outer medulla. In the outer medulla, the formation of these metabolites peaked at 7 weeks. Using reverse-phase HPLC, the cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolites were separated into three radioactive peaks: peak I had a retention time of 17.5 min and comigrated as 11,12-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid standard. Peak II had a retention time of 19 min and comigrated with ω-hydroxylation compounds. Peak III had a retention time of 27 min and comigrated with 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. In the renal cortex, peak I was higher in SHR vs WKY at 5, 7, and 9 weeks and peak III at 5, 7, 9 and 11 weeks. In the outer medulla, peak I was higher in SHR at 5 and 7 weeks, and peaks II and III at 7 weeks. Cytochrome P-450 content in the renal cortex was always higher in SHR vs WKY. We conclude that renal cytochrome P-450-dependent metabolites of arachidonic acid may participate in the circulatory changes of SHR, particularly during the developmental stage.
Psychosocial influences on arthritis-related disease activity

Abstract The influence of depression and interpersonal stress on immune function was examined in older women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). The participants were examined during a week of low disease activity and low interpersonal stress (baseline), a week of high interpersonal stress (stress), and during the following week (stress+1). Measures of depressive symptoms, circulating stress hormones and immune cells, and a clinician's global ratings of disease activity were obtained. RA patients, and depressed patients with either RA or OA. In addition, RA patients who were depressed had higher levels of CD4 (T helper) and lower levels of CD8 (T suppressor) lymphocytes than OA patients and non-depressed individuals, suggesting a possible pathway for the influence of stress and depression on disease activity.
Altered mechanics of cartilage with osteoarthritis: human osteoarthritis and an experimental model of joint degeneration.

Summary Objective: Studies of cartilage mechanics seek to determine the fundamental relationships between mechanical behavior and the composition and structure of healthy cartilage and to determine mechanisms for changes associated with degeneration. Method: The mechanics of normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human articular cartilage are reviewed. Studies of the initiation and pathogenesis of cartilage degeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of joint instability are also presented. Results: In human cartilage with OA, tensile, compressive and shear behaviors are dramatically altered. These changes present as decreases in the modulus or sti#ness of OA cartilage in tension, compression and shear loading, and increases in the propensity to swell as compared to healthy cartilage. In the ACL transection model of OA, similar changes in the mechanics of cartilage have been observed. In addition, changes in structure, composition, and as metabolism consistent with human OA have been found. Deterioration of the collagen-proteoglycan solid network, which appears to be focused at the articular surface, has been the earliest cartilage changes in the model. It remains to be determined if the initial disruption of the cartilage surface is a direct result of mechanical forces or a product of altered chondrocyte activity. Conclusions: These data and continued research using experimental models of OA provide a basis for our understanding of the pathogenesis and the time course of events in OA and will lead to the development of better procedures for disease intervention and treatment.
Should dams be modified for the probable maximum flood

ABSTRACT: The probable maximum flood (PMF) currently serves as the design standard for many U.S. dams. Floods used for design have increased and currently thousands of dams in the U.S. would be overtopped and possibly fail using the latest calculated PMF at each dam site. Some researchers have suggested that modifying dams to accommodate the PMF could be wasteful. Objections to using the PMF for dam modification include: (1) larger spillway capacity may increase annual downstream flood losses, (2) benefit-cost ratios may be low, (3) construction accidents associated with dam modification may cause fatalities, and (4) the dollar amount spent to save lives by making dams safer is often very high. Based on these objections, a procedure is presented for evaluating the effectiveness of a proposed dam modification. A change in spillway design policy is recommended. Accepting the status quo at a dam that cannot accommodate the PMF may be the best course of action.