cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological suppression of the median raphe nucleus with serotonin1A agonists, 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone, produces hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat.

Abstract The effects on the hippocampal electroencephalogram of microinjections of procaine hydrochloride and the serotonin 1a agonists, 8-OH-DPAT and buspirone, into the median raphe nucleus were examined in the urethane anesthetized rat. Injections of procaine, 8-OH-DPAT or buspirone into the median raphe nucleus produced a change in the hippocampal electroencephalogram from a spontaneous desynchronized pattern to a synchronized pattern (theta rhythm) within short latencies and for long durations post-injection. Procaine was shown to elicit theta at a mean latency of 52 s and for a mean duration of 21.75 min; buspirone at a mean latency of 2 min and for a mean duration of 34.5 min. A dose dependent relationship was observed between 8-OH-DPAT injections and latencies but not durations. Small doses (0.5μg) of 8-OH-DPAT produced theta at a mean latency of 1.33 min and large doses (3.0μg) at a mean latency of 1.17 min. 8-OH-DPAT injections generated theta for a mean duration of 62 min. Injections of each of these substances into structures dorsal, lateral or rostrocaudal to the median raphe (dorsal raphe nucleus, pontine reticular formation, caudal linear nucleus or raphe pontis, respectively) failed to generate theta or in a few cases produced theta at very long latencies (> 24 min). Saline injections in the median raphe nucleus or control structures were without effect. The demonstration that agents injected into the median raphe nucleus that inhibit its activity (procaine and serotonin 1a agonists) produce theta indicate that serotonin-containing median raphe neurons normally suppress theta or are involved in the control of hippocampal desynchronization. The present findings are consistent with previous work showing that median raphe nucleus stimulation desynchronizes the hippocampal electroencephalogram and that median raphe nucleus lesions produce constant theta, but are at odds with the proposal that serotonergic mechanisms may play a role in the generation of the theta rhythm.
The relationship between diastolic blood pressure and coronary artery calcification is dependent on single nucleotide polymorphisms on chromosome 9p21.3

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 9p21.3 genomic region have been consistently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction, and quantity of coronary artery calcification (CAC), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. Prior studies have established an association between blood pressure measures and CAC. To examine mechanisms by which the 9p21.3 genomic region may influence CHD risk, we investigated whether SNPs in 9p21.3 modified associations between blood pressure and CAC quantity. As part of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) Study, 974 participants underwent non-invasive computed tomography (CT) to measure CAC quantity. Linear mixed effects models were used to investigate whether seven SNPs in the 9p21.3 region modified the association between blood pressure levels and CAC quantity. Four SNPs of at least marginal significance in GENOA for a SNP-by-diastolic blood pressure (DBP) interaction were then tested for replication in the Framingham Heart Study’s Offspring Cohort (N = 1,140). We found replicated evidence that one SNP, rs2069416, in CDKN2B-AS1, significantly modified the association between DBP and CAC quantity (combined P = 0.0065; Bonferroni-corrected combined P = 0.0455). Our results represent a novel finding that the relationship between DBP and CAC is dependent on genetic variation in the 9p21.3 region. Thus, variation in 9p21.3 may not only be an independent genetic risk factor for CHD, but also may modify the association between DBP levels and the extent of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
Primary Dissecting Aneurysm of Coronary Artery A Cause of Acute Myocardial Ischemia

Primary dissecting aneurysm of a coronary artery is a rare form of acute coronary arterial obstruction. A review of 24 cases, including two observed by the authors, indicates that this condition tends to occur (1) in the young adult, (2) in the female more commonly than the male, and (3) relatively commonly in the postpartum state. The clinical manifestations take the form either of sudden death or acute myocardial infarction. In the latter situation, there is the potential for overcoming the coronary arterial obstruction by a surgical bypass procedure.
Effect of surface contour on the role of plastic flow in metal friction

Abstract Unlubricated friction between steel and three soft metals, aluminum, silver and copper, was studied under conditions designed to observe effects of macroscopic surface contour upon localized contacts between microscopic surface asperities. The contours of the specimens were interchanged between plane for the steel with cylinder for the softer metal, and the reverse, other variables being the same. Results show two different friction regimes. When the softer metal was cylindrical, friction coefficients were lower and static friction was less than kinetic by factors ranging from two to four. Wear was also less. These results are interpreted on the hypothesis that deformation of microscopic surface contacts at small loads is principally elastic with this configuration, but is plastic when the harder surface is cylindrical and the softer is plane.
Continuous epidural infusion anesthesia and analgesia in gynecologic oncology patients: less pain, more gain?

Abstract Objective There is a lack of consistent data regarding gynecologic oncology (GO) patients and the use of neuraxial anesthesia for post-operative pain management. Our objective was to compare the use of continuous epidural infusion (CEI) as part of post-operative pain management to more traditional management schemes. Methods GO patients undergoing laparotomy from July 1st, 2011 through July 31st, 2012 were identified. Patient demographic data and peri-operative details were abstracted from the medical record. The primary outcome was a mean patient visual analog pain score. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, post-operative urinary tract infection (UTI) and venous thromboembolic (VTE) events. Results There were 237 laparotomies during the study time period. Fifty-six women had CEI for post-operative pain management and 181 did not. Patients with CEI had lower pain scores on POD #0 (3.8 vs 5.3, p Conclusions In this small series, GO patients undergoing laparotomy had improved post-operative pain control when their analgesia regimen included CEI. However, the higher rate of VTE events among CEI users is concerning and merits further investigation.
Efficient Computation of the Euclidean Distance Transform

We present a simple algorithm for the Euclidean distance transform of a binary image that runs more efficiently than other algorithms in the literature. We show that our algorithm runs in optimal time for many architectures and has optimal cost for the RAM and EREW PRAM.
Reactions of Solvated Electrons Initiated by Sodium Atom Ionization at the Vacuum-Liquid Interface

Solvated electrons are powerful reagents in the liquid phase that break chemical bonds and thereby create additional reactive species, including hydrogen atoms. We explored the distinct chemistry t...
Characterization of spray atomization of 3003 aluminum alloy during linear spray atomization and deposition

Linear spray atomization and deposition is an attractive technique to produce near-net-shape deposits, such as aluminum sheet and strip. In the present study, phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) was used in a backscatter mode to characterize, in situ, the droplet size and velocity distributions during linear spray atomization and deposition of a 3003 aluminum alloy. The PDI measurements were obtained along axes corresponding to the direction parallel to the nozzle slit and to the direction perpendicular to the slit. The PDI results delineate the temporal and spatial distribution of the droplet size and velocity during the metal spray. Both point and “line” measurements were obtained and are reported. The line measurements resulted from the integration of measurement made along a line scan obtained in real time (i.e., not ensemble averaged). Postrun analysis of the droplet size distribution using laser diffraction and sieving techniques is also reported. The PDI point measurements revealed that droplet size and velocity distribution were relatively invariant with time. The line measurements of droplet velocity showed that the droplet axial velocity exhibits a bimodal behavior, which becomes more apparent with increasing atomizing gas pressure, a result of droplet recirculation inside the spray chamber. In addition, the peak in the droplet axial velocity distribution increased as atomizing gas pressure increased. The line characterization also showed that the droplet size distribution became more homogeneous with increasing gas pressure, and that the distribution characteristic diameters of droplets decreased consistently with increasing gas pressure. Postrun characterization of the droplet size distribution of the entire metal spray using diffraction and sieving methods indicated that the mass (volume) median diameter D 50 and the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) D 32 decreased with increasing gas pressure in a manner consistent with PDI results.
Periodontal considerations for overdentures.

A discussion of the proper abutment selection and preparation, in conjunction with appropriate periodontal maintenance and caries control, for assurance of successful overdentures is presented. Overdentures can offer an alternative to regular dentures with the correct factors. This paper discusses proper abutment selection and preparation coupled with appropriate periodontal maintenance and caries control to assure the success of overdentures.
Transverse-momentum distributions for UPSILON and dimuon production in quantum chromodynamics

The effects of hard-gluon bremsstrahlung in dimuon and UPSILON production are studied. It is shown that in pp interactions the transverse-momentum distribution is broader for UPSILON production than for dimuon production. Furthermore, this difference increases markedly with energy. On the contrary, this effect should not be present for p-barp interactions. Predictions for ..pi../sup + -/ and K/sup + -/ beams are also discussed.
New Configuration of Solid‐State Neutron Detector Made Possible with Solution‐Based Semiconductor Processing

The unique benefit of solution-based fabrication of solid-state p-n junctions is demonstrated for radiation detection. In particular, an in situ inorganic semiconductor synthesis and film deposition facilitates a novel neutron detector configuration consisting of a host inorganic semiconductor matrix impregnated with a guest neutron sensitizing material. Spectroscopic investigations of the structural order of the top detector active layer indicate that it consists of interpenetrating networks of the host semiconductor nanocrystals and sensitizing guest material that self-assemble during film formation. The host semiconductor network exhibits a good charge transport as evidenced by steady-state photoconductivity measurements. The detectors developed indicate high sensitivity to ionizing radiation and a demonstrated ability to detecting thermal neutrons.
Hyperbaric oxygenation and brain norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine - Oxygen-pressure interactions

Oxygen tension and pressure effects on hyperbaric oxygenation induced depletion of brain norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in mice
A Modeling Study of the Relative Roles of Tropical and Extratropical SST Anomalies in the Variability of the Global Atmosphere-Ocean System.

Abstract In three parallel experiments, an atmospheric general circulation model has been subjected to observed, monthly varying sea surface temperature (SSI) conditions in each of the following domains: near-global ocean (GOGA run), tropical Pacific (TOGA run), and midlatitude North Pacific (MOGA run). Four independent realizations were obtained for the model response to the sequence of SST anomalies during the 1946–88 period in each of the above regions. The principal modes of coupling between the imposed SST forcing and the simulated Northern Hemisphere wintertime 5 1 5-mb height field in various experiments have been identified using a singular value decomposition (SVD) procedure. The leading SVD mode for the GOGA experiment is Qualitatively similar to that based on observational data, although the amplitudes of the simulated height anomalies are notably lower than the observed value. The SST pattern of this mode resembles that associated with El Nino events. The accompanying 5 1 5-mb height anomaly i...
Identification and characterization of a pyrantel pamoate resistant cyathostome population

Abstract Three fecal egg count reduction assays (FECR) and one critical trial were performed to determine the efficacy of pyrantel pamoate (PP) at 6.6 mg base kg−1 on a well managed stud farm in Louisiana where a loss of efficacy was suspected. Efficacy of PP based on FECR varied from 25% in mares to 83% in yearlings. Second treatments with PP 2 weeks following an initial treatment failed to reduce eggs per gram (EPG). A critical trial was performed to determine the cyathostome species resistant to PP. Three strongyle-naive ponies which acquired infections on the farm were used for this purpose. Following treatment with PP at the recommended dose, 11 species of cyathostomes remained in the intestine of the tracer ponies. Reduced efficacies (62%–88%) were noted for seven species. Resistance to oxibendazole (OBZ), which was > 90% effective on this farm in 1982, was also evaluated by FECR and found to exist. The results of one experiment indicate that dual resistance of parasites to PP and OBZ also exists.
Strongly interacting plasmon nanoparticles: from dipole interaction to conductively coupled regime

We have investigated the electromagnetic interaction of periodic arrays of metallic (gold) nanoparticles, composed of a pair of particles on each lattice site. By varying the interparticle separation from dielectric proximity to conductive contact on nm scale, we observe very large renormalization and splitting of the surface plasmon energy associated with an abrupt transition from the dipolar to a conductively coupled regime
An algorithm for estimating the noise levels in polarimetric SAR image data

Abstract A novel algorithm is used to estimate the noise level in polarimetric SAR image data channels, by using the measured signature of an idealized surface with Bragg Scattering. This estimated noise level can then be used to correct the measured backscatter signatures from polarimetricSAR image data.
Stimulus selection in animal conditioning and paired-associate learning: Variations in the associative process

Stimulus selection phenomena observed in both animal conditioning and paired-associate learning generally have been attributed to a selective attention process. Recently, however, some conditioning theorists have departed from an attentional view and have attributed stimulus selection to variations in the associative process. This paper surveys some recent developments in animal conditioning and argues that the emerging principle in this domain—that the associative process is engaged only to the extent that an unpredicted event is experienced—also has utility in dealing with P-A findings. To this end, a theory is developed and applied to stimulus selection phenomena of P-A learning and transfer.
Progress in soft x-ray and UV photocathodes

We present investigations on the improvements in quantum detection efficiency (QDE) of microchannel plate (MCP) detectors resulting from the application of various photocathode materials. Nine different photocathode materials were deposited and their QDE measured in the soft x-ray and UV region from 12 angstrom to 1850 angstrom. Four of these materials (CsCl, RbCl, RbI, BaCl) significantly enhance the QDE performance of bare MCPs, and five materials were proven unsatisfactory (AgCl, LiCl, LiI, LiF, MgBr). CsCl has very high (greater than 90%) short wavelength QDE and both CsCl and RbI have UV QDE in the region of 40%. Our studies also include life testing of a KBr photocathode for a period of over 5 years. This shows good stability, and the angular response and photoemissive characteristics over time are described. The effects of long wavelength QDE activation of KBr by exposure to 2537 angstrom photons are discussed.
Picosecond And Subpicosecond Luminescence In Semiconductors

Transient recombination kinetics of photogenerated elementary excitations in semiconductors can be studied with subpicosecond time resolution. This note describes the different time resolved luminescence techniques which are applicable to semiconductors, such as the optical Kerr gate, the up-conversion gate, the streak camera, the three-pulse excitation method and the population mixing method.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effects of davis-bacon on labor cost and union wages

Two issues have seriously hampered studies of the impact of the Davis-Bacon Act. The first is that one must make assumptions about what the distribution of wages would be in the absence of the statute. It is shown that cost estimates are quite sensitive to these assumptions. The second is that while Davis-Bacon determinations may increase nonunion wages, they are also likely to increase the bargaining power of unions leading to higher union wages. Simply estimating the impact on nonunion wages therefore underestimates the true effect. Union wages are both determined by and a determinant of Davis-Bacon wages. It is found that Davis-Bacon determinations exert a significant influence on the union’s ability to gain higher wages.
Concept identification as a function of relevance of training and intertask instructions

The salience of three types of verbal training was manipulated through instructions given before a concept identification task. The verbal training was either relevant (R), irrelevant (IR), or neutral (C) with respect to the stimulus dimensions in the transfer task. It was found that: (a) R training facilitates concept identification performance, and (b) R and IR training respectively facilitate and degrade concept identification performance after high salience instructions, but do not produce a differential effect on performance after low salience instructions.
Failure of cholecystokinin-octapeptide to prevent TPN-associated gallstone disease

Abstract Purpose Gallstone formation is a common problem in neonates on prolonged courses of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The authors hypothesized that the use of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK), given at the time of TPN administration, would prevent gallstone formation in a high-risk group of patients with TPN. Methods A prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled trial of neonates who were on a prolonged course of TPN for prematurity (25 infants), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC, 8 infants), or abdominal surgery (5 infants) were selected randomly to receive CCK vs placebo. Patients remained on the study until taking more than 50% of energy enterally. Children were recalled between 2 and 4 years after completing TPN for ultrasonographic examination of their hepatobiliary tree. Results Neonates (38 studied) required a mean (±SD) of 33 ± 16 days of TPN. Cholelithiasis was detected in 4 (10%) infants. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide was not effective in preventing the formation of gallstones (3 stones in infants receiving CCK, P = .51). Diagnosis ( P = .56), birth weight ( P = .54), gestational age ( P = .18), and duration of TPN ( P = .53) did not correlate with gallstone formation. To address the management of these stones, all 4 were placed on a prolonged course of ursodeoxycholic acid (mean duration, 11.6 ± 5.4 months). Two additional infants (not in the original study) with TPN-associated gallstone disease were also given a trial of ursodeoxycholic acid. Serial ultrasounds were performed every 6 months. No patient achieved any degree of stone dissolution. One patient underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatology. Conclusions Total parenteral nutrition–associated gallstones were detected in 10% of children, and most are nonsymptomatic. Cholecystokinin-octapeptide prophylaxis was not effective in preventing TPN-associated gallstones. In addition, the use of ursodeoxycholic acid did not dissolve gallstones, once identified. Future methods will be needed to address the prevention and treatment of these stones.
Ln0.6Sr0.4Co1-yFeyO3-δ (Ln= La and Nd; y= 0 and 0.5) cathodes with thin yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract The electrochemical performances of the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) fabricated with Ln 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 1− y Fe y O 3− δ (Ln = La, Nd; y = 0, 0.5) perovskite cathodes, thin yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes, and YSZ–Ni anodes by tape casting, co-firing, and screen printing are evaluated at 600–800 °C. Peak power densities of ∼550 mW cm −2 are achieved at 800 °C with a La 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3− δ (LSC) cathode that is known to have high electrical conductivity. Substitution of La by Nd (Nd 0.6 Sr 0.4 CoO 3− δ ) to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) results in only a slight decrease in power density despite a lower electrical conductivity. Conversely, substitution of Fe for Co (La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3− δ or Nd 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.5 Fe 0.5 O 3− δ ) to reduce the TEC further reduces the cell performance greatly due to a significant decrease in electrical conductivity. However, infiltration of the Fe-substituted cathodes with Ag to increase the electrical conductivity increases the cell performance while preserving the low TEC.
INSULIN ANTIBODY VARIATIONS IN RABBITS AND GUINEA PIGS AND MULTIPLE ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS ON INSULIN

1. A method is presented for measuring the degree to which insulin antibodies in one antiserum react with an insoluble insulin complex saturated with antibodies from a different antiserum. 2. Many rabbits produce antibodies which bind to portions of the insulin molecule to which antibodies from guinea pigs or other rabbits cannot bind. 3. Occasional guinea pigs produce antibodies which bind to portions of the insulin molecule to which antibodies from rabbits or other guinea pigs cannot bind. 4. Studies with labeled antisera and repeated incubations of test antisera with antibody insulin complexes demonstrate the individual antibody variations to be due to antibodies directed to different determinants and not to dissociation of antibodies from the same determinant on the insulin molecule. 5. More than one antibody molecule can simultaneously bind to an insulin molecule. 6. Insulin has a multiplicity of antigenic determinants. 7. The relationship between antigenic determinants, insulin antibodies, and neutralization of insulin by antisera is discussed. 8. The determinants to which insulin antibodies are directed appear to be characteristic for the individual rabbit or guinea pig immunized. It is postulated therefore that genetic factors direct antibody production toward specific determinants when insulin is the antigen.
Experimental Evaluation of Earthquake Resistant Posttensioned Steel Connections

Nine large-scale subassembly tests were conducted to investigate the behavior of an innovative posttensioned wide flange beam-to-column connection for steel moment resisting frames subjected to seismic loading conditions. The connection includes top and seat angles bolted to the beam and column. Strands are placed along the length of the beam, passing through the column and posttensioned to provide a precompression of the beam against the column. The parameters investigated in the study include the angle thickness, angle gage length, beam flange reinforcing plates, connection shim plates, and posttensioning force. The test results demonstrate that posttensioned connections provide excellent elastic stiffness, strength, and ductility under cyclic loading, with energy dissipation occurring primarily in the angles. The connection initial elastic stiffness is comparable to that of a fully restrained welded connection. In addition, the connection has essentially no residual deformation following several cycles...
Systemic administration of the iron chelator deferiprone attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm in the rabbit.

OBJECTIVE: Iron catalyzed generation of injurious free radicals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study assessed the effects of the iron chelator deferiprone on cerebral vasospasm in an in vivo rabbit model of SAH. METHODS: Twenty-four rabbits were assigned to three groups as follows: SAH plus placebo (n = 8), SAH plus deferiprone (n = 8), or control plus placebo (n = 8). Deferiprone was administered to an additional group of three rabbits that were not subjected to SAH. Drug administration was initiated 8 hours after SAH was induced and was repeated at 8-hour intervals. The animals were killed using perfusion-fixation 48 hours after SAH. Cross-sectional areas of basilar artery histological sections were measured by an investigator blinded to the treatment groups. RESULTS: In placebo-treated animals, the average luminal cross-sectional area of the basilar artery was reduced by 54% after SAH compared to controls (i.e., from 0.272 to 0.125 mm 2 ). The vasospastic response after SAH was attenuated significantly in animals treated with deferiprone (0.208 mm 2 , representing a 24% reduction). CONCLUSION: Previous experimental studies suggested that iron chelation can be effective in attenuating cerebral vasospasm after SAH. Deferiprone is a recently developed iron chelator that has been extensively evaluated for the treatment of patients requiring chronic blood transfusions. The present study demonstrates that deferiprone is effective in attenuating experimental cerebral vasospasm. Because of its stability, lipophilicity, and ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, deferiprone represents an attractive candidate for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm.
Shear pipe effects and dynamic shear-strain localization in martensitic steels

A three-dimensional, multiple-slip, dislocation-density-based crystalline formulation, specialized finite-element formulations, and Voronoi tessellations adapted to martensitic orientations were used to investigate dislocation-density activities and shear-strain localization in high-strength martensitic steels under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The formulation is based on accounting for variant morphologies and orientations, retained austenite, and initial dislocations densities that are uniquely inherent to martensitic microstructures. The effects of variant distributions and arrangements, loading directions, and microcracks on the evolution of shear-strain localization are investigated. The analysis indicates that shear-strain localization occurs due to slip-system compatibilities relative to the loading direction and the long direction of laths, which result in shear-strain accumulation. At specific triple junctions, rotation misalignments due to lattice and slip incompatibilities occur, and these incompatibilities are further exacerbated by the presence of defects, such as microcracks.
Membrane systems as transition assemblies--a basis for phenomenological descriptions.

Abstract A system consisting of a membrane separating two solutions is treated from the point of view of relaxation processes, and a set of phenomenological equations obtained, the framework for measurement indicated by these equations being independent of the usual assumptions regarding the physical homogeneity and fine grain of the medium constituting the membrane. This theory furnishes a general basis for discussing membrane transport in any system in which the definition of thermodynamic properties is possible, and suggests additional insights into the Curie Principle.
Factors Associated with Amphibian Detection and Occupancy in Southern Michigan Forests

Abstract Large-scale amphibian conservation often relies on remotely sensed data to describe spatial patterns in occupancy. Commonly used data include ownership, forest type, soil class, and proximity of wetlands. We evaluated the influence of these variables on terrestrial amphibian occupancy in southern Michigan. We trapped amphibians using drift-fence arrays in 82 forest patches and estimated detection probabilities for all captured species. Ten species were captured, but only three were detected at levels suitable for occupancy modeling. We concluded that drift-fence arrays alone were not sufficient for adequately detecting the majority of terrestrial amphibians. The best detection models for American Toad (Anaxyrus americanus), Wood Frog (Lithobates sylvaticus), and Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer) consistently included a positive relationship with temperature and precipitation. Detection-adjusted occupancy models for the three anurans indicated relatively high occupancy (>0.43). Ownership, forest...
Nonlinear Response to Sustained Load Processes

Reliability analysis of structural members subjected to a stochastic load process is extended to include material nonlinearity. Characteristics of the nonlinear response are computed for a member with a bilinear force‐deformation relationship having the unloading range parallel to the initial elastic range. The expected number of loads exceeding a predetermined deformation level is derived for a Poisson load process with rectangular pulses. It is found that the derived values agree very well with those obtained from the simulated sustained load processes. The expected damage duration (the total time a process spends above the threshold deformation level) is also derived. For a square wave process, the derivation is theoretically exact once the expected number of exceedances is known.
Setting research priorities

Abstract An algorithm, specially developed to set research priorities, was used by eleven scientists to rank ten different projects. These eleven scientists had previously ranked the projects by personal judgement. Comparison of the results from both methods indicates excellent agreement among rankers within each method, little discrepancy between the two methods in final rankings, and no apparent advantage to use of the algorithm.
Gustatory and olfactory dysfunction in dementia: Not specific to Alzheimer's disease

Significant losses in the ability to detect the taste of glutamic acid and to recognize odorants were found in demented patients when compared with age-matched controls. These losses were not specific to patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but were also found in demented patients without AD. Detection thresholds for bitter-tasting quinine HCl were not higher in demented patients than in age-matched controls but were higher than thresholds in young subjects. These data suggest that losses in taste in demented patients may vary with the chemical structure of the tastant. The degree of loss in the ability to recognize odorants was greater in patients with a family history of senile dementia.
Conventional crops and organic amendments for Pb, Cd and Zn treatment at a severely contaminated site

Abstract The ability of selected plants and amendments to treat Pb, Cd and Zn accumulations from a metalliferous waste disposal site was studied both in the greenhouse and field. Spinach (Spinacea oleracea), cabbage (Brassica oleracea), and a grass–legume mix (red fescue, Festuca rubra; ryegrass, Lolium perenne); and bean (Vicia faba) were grown in the greenhouse on blast furnace slag or baghouse dust amended with composted peat (CP). All plant species accumulated Pb, Cd and Zn to varying degrees. Total soil metal concentrations had a marked influence on plant uptake. Topdressing versus incorporating CP had a significant (p
Midbrain modulation of the cardiac baroreflex involves excitation of lateral parabrachial neurons in the rat.

Abstract Activation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (PAG) evokes defense-like behavior including a marked increase in sympathetic drive and resetting of baroreflex function. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) in mediating dorsal PAG modulation of the arterial baroreflex. Reflex responses were elicited by electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) at 5 Hz or 15 Hz in urethane anesthetized rats ( n = 18). Electrical stimulation of the dorsal PAG at 10 Hz did not alter baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP) but did significantly attenuate baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) evoked by low frequency ADN stimulation. Alternatively, 40 Hz dorsal PAG stimulation increased baseline MAP (43 ± 3 mm Hg) and HR (33 ± 3 bpm) and attenuated baroreflex control of HR at both ADN stimulation frequencies. Reflex control of MAP was generally unchanged by dorsal PAG stimulation. Bilateral inhibition of neurons in LPBN area ( n = 6) with muscimol (0.45 nmol per side) reduced dorsal PAG-evoked increases in MAP and HR by 50 ± 4% and 95 ± 4%, respectively, and significantly reduced, but did not completely eliminate dorsal PAG attenuation of the cardiac baroreflex. Bilateral blockade of glutamate receptors in the LPBN area ( n = 6) with kynurenic acid (1.8 nmol) had a similar effect on dorsal PAG-evoked increases in MAP, HR and cardiac baroreflex function. Reflex control of MAP was unchanged with either treatment. These findings suggest that the LPBN area is one of several brainstem regions involved in descending modulation of the cardiac baroreflex function during defensive behavior.
Effect of Temporal Summation on the Human Stapedius Reflex

The sensitivity of the acoustic stapedius reflex as a function of stimulus duration was studied by monitoring acoustic-impedance changes at the eardrum. Our results indicate an unexpectedly pronounced duration effect. The sound intensity required for a criterion response had to be lowered by about 25 dB when the signal duration was increased from 10 to 100 msec.
Expanding Intergovernmental Management’s Hidden Dimensions

The practice of intergovernmental management is widespread in application but poorly understood. The empirical study of economic policy making and administration reported here suggests that the role of the intergovernmental manager has expanded considerably beyond the familiar tasks of seeking funds from other governments, coping with an expanding regulatory burden, or developing interlocal cooperative agreements. Linking data from two different surveys, the authors offer a preliminary classification of intergovernmental management activities and report the use of each formal activity. Such a classification is useful not only for identifying specific managerial functions that are conducted through multiple actors, but also for the terminology that can be applied to actions that heretofore have been heaped together under a generic intergovernmental management label. The increasingly more prevalent intergovernmental management activity is thus viewed as a routine aspect of public administration and, as such...
Detection of large-scale concrete columns for automated bridge inspection

There are over 600,000 bridges in the US, and not all of them can be inspected and maintained within the specified time frame. This is because manually inspecting bridges is a time-consuming and costly task, and some state Departments of Transportation (DOT) cannot afford the essential costs and manpower. In this paper, a novel method that can detect large-scale bridge concrete columns is proposed for the purpose of eventually creating an automated bridge condition assessment system. The method employs image stitching techniques (feature detection and matching, image affine transformation and blending) to combine images containing different segments of one column into a single image. Following that, bridge columns are detected by locating their boundaries and classifying the material within each boundary in the stitched image. Preliminary test results of 114 concrete bridge columns stitched from 373 close-up, partial images of the columns indicate that the method can correctly detect 89.7% of these elements, and thus, the viability of the application of this research.
Killing of Fabric-Associated Bacteria in Hospital Laundry by Low-Temperature Washing

Hospitals using 71.1 C water for laundering consume vast amounts of energy. We studied whether washing at 22 C would result in fabric-associated bacterial counts significantly different from those remaining after the high-temperature wash procedure in general use. Using a standard method to enumerate fabric-associated bacteria, we found that soiled sheets and terry cloth items were contaminated, respectively, with 10(6) and 10(8) cfu/100 cm2 of fabric area, predominantly gram-negative rods (especially Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae). Staphylococcus species were the most common gram-positive organisms. A standard low-temperature washing cycle without laundry chemicals removed 3 log10 of bacteria by agitation, dilution, and drainage. When low-temperature laundry chemicals were used, 3 log10 of bacteria were killed after the bleach was added, and sheets and terry cloth items had postwash colony counts of 10(1)-10(2) cfu/100 cm2. Drying removed an additional 1-2 log10 organisms. Bacterial counts and species from low- and high-temperature washed fabrics were comparable. Low-temperature washing is therefore as effective as high-temperature washing for eliminating pathogenic bacteria from hospital laundry.
Industry-Oriented Laboratory Development for Mixed-Signal IC Test Education

The semiconductor industry is lacking qualified integrated circuit (IC) test engineers to serve in the field of mixed-signal electronics. The absence of mixed-signal IC test education at the collegiate level is cited as one of the main sources for this problem. In response to this situation, the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Ohio State University, Columbus, has partnered with Texas Instruments to establish an IC test-engineering-oriented course. The course objectives are to familiarize students with industrial testing techniques and to help students obtain the fundamental skill sets required to be competent mixed-signal IC test engineers. A novel laboratory pedagogy is developed to achieve these objectives. The results of the classroom assignments and the feedback provided by students, faculty, and industry representatives indicate that the approach has successfully achieved these goals.
Recognition of Fresh Human Tumor by Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Transduced with a Bicistronic Retroviral Vector Encoding a Murine Anti-p53 TCR

The p53 protein is markedly up-regulated in a high proportion of human malignancies. Using an HLA-A2 transgenic mouse model, it was possible to isolate high-avidity murine CTLs that recognize class I-restricted human p53 epitopes. We isolated the α- and β-chain of a TCR from a highly avid murine CTL clone that recognized the human p53264–272 epitope. These genes were cloned into a retroviral vector that mediated high efficiency gene transfer into primary human lymphocytes. Efficiencies of >90% for gene transfer into lymphocytes were obtained without selection for transduced cells. The p53 TCR-transduced lymphocytes were able to specifically recognize with high-avidity, peptide-pulsed APCs as well as HLA-A2.1+ cells transfected with either wild-type or mutant p53 protein. p53 TCR-transduced cells demonstrated recognition and killing of a broad spectrum of human tumor cell lines as well as recognition of fresh human tumor cells. Interestingly, both CD8+ and CD4+ subsets were capable of recognizing and killing target cells, stressing the potential application of such a CD8-independent TCR molecule that can mediate both helper and cytotoxic responses. These results suggest that lymphocytes genetically engineered to express anti-p53 TCR may be of value for the adoptive immunotherapy of patients with a variety of common malignancies.
Neuropsychological strategies for detecting early dementia

As new and more effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) emerge, the development of efficient screening strategies in educationally and racially diverse primary care settings has increased in importance. A set of candidate screening tests and an independent diagnostic assessment were administered to a sample of 318 patients treated at a geriatric primary care center. Fifty-six subjects met criteria for dementia. Exploratory analysis led to the development of three two-stage screening strategies that differed in the composition of the first stage or Rapid Dementia Screen, which is applied to all patients over the age of 65. The second stage, applied to those patients who screen positively for dementia, is accomplished with the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to detect memory impairment. Using clinical diagnosis as a gold standard, the strategies had high sensitivity and specificity for identifying dementia and performed better for identifying AD than non-AD dementias. Sensitivity and specificity did not differ by race or education. The strategies provide an efficient approach to screening for early dementia.
THEORY OF INCOHERENT SELF-FOCUSING IN BIASED PHOTOREFRACTIVE MEDIA

A theory describing propagation and self-focusing of partially spatially incoherent light beams in nonlinear media is developed. It is shown that this process is effectively governed by an infinite set of coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger-like equations, provided they are initially appropriately weighted with respect to the incoherent angular power spectrum of the source. The particular case of spatially incoherent beam propagation in biased photorefractive media is considered in detail. Numerical simulations indicate that spatial compression as well as self-trapped states are possible under appropriate conditions. Our results are in good agreement with recent experimental observations.
When Do Minority Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants Have a Major Clinical Impact?

As our understanding of the virologic and clinical significance of drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) continues to expand, attention is now turning to detecting and assessing the clinical impact of minority (low frequency/abundance) drug-resistant HIV-1, the variants in the viral population present below the ∼20% detection threshold of conventional bulk sequencing. The interest in studying minority resistance has been fueled by improved diagnostic technologies that allow detection of drug-resistant variants below the 1% threshold, and by the recognition that drug-resistant viral populations often exist as a complex mixture of genetic populations in which only the dominant viral sequence is detected by standard sequencing. Three common approaches are used to detect minority resistance: point mutations assays, clonal sequencing, and ultra deep se-
MAKING IT MEANINGFUL: Teaching Public Health Nursing Through Academic-Community Partnerships in a Baccalaureate Curriculum

Abstract Because of the importance, and difficulty, of providing public health clinical experiences for baccalaureate nursing students, a small midwestern school of nursing offered students a three-year assignment to agencies serving vulnerable populations. The program allowed for long-term placement of students, instilling in them an understanding of community health as a prime aspect of nursing care. Students mentored students, which enhanced continuity in the agencies. More than 2,000 community members have been served, and students' responses have been overwhelmingly positive.
Cardiodynamic Effects of Experimental Bundle-Branch Block in the Dog

Electrical-mechanical relationships of the canine heart were studied using simultaneous right and left intraveutricular pressures. In the control tracings, there was usually some asynchrony in the onset of ventricular isometric contraction with the right ventricle following the left ventricle. Right bundle-branch block and left bundle-branch block produced a delay in the onset of isometric contraction of the homolateral ventricle. A change in contour of the right intraventricular curve was frequently seen with right, bundle-branch block.
The maize mutant barren stalk1 is defective in axillary meristem development

barren stalk1 is a recessive mutant of maize that has no tassel branches, spikelets, tillers, or ears. Here we present a detailed characterization of the ba1 mutant phenotype, including scanning electron microscopy of developing inflorescences, in situ hybridization analysis using a meristem marker, molecular mapping, and genetic analysis demonstrating an epistatic relationship between ba1 and teosinte branched1 (tb1). These data show that the primary defect in the ba1 mutant is a failure in axillary meristem development.
Re-growth of transistors on implanted InP

We have developed a process for the re-growth of InP-DHBTs on selectively implanted subcollectors for the purpose of reducing the base-collector capacitance. Si/sup +/ sub-collector implants were performed at >200/spl deg/C to minimize damage, an important criterion for achieving smooth morphologies in the re-grown devices. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to gauge the amount of implant-induced damage in InP. The wafers were annealed in a MOCVD system in a PH/sub 3/ ambient to activate the implanted Si dopant. DHBT re-growths on wafers processed under the optimal implant, annealing and re-growth conditions exhibited smooth morphologies. For these wafers, the field region of the re-grown transistor was indistinguishable from re-growth in the implanted region, when observed under a Nomarski optical microscope. Using the selective implant and re-growth process we have demonstrated significant reduction of the base collector capacitance in InP DHBTs. The base-collector capacitance was reduced by a factor of two over the standard mesa device with full overlap between heavily doped base and sub-collector regions.
A new residue arithmetic error correction scheme

Automatic detection and correction of errors in the residue number system involves the conversion of residue representations to integers and base extension. The residue number system is generally restricted to moduli that are pairwise relatively prime. In this paper we consider error detection and correction using a moduli set with common factors. A method to construct a moduli set that leads to simplified error detection and correction is presented. Error detection can now be performed by computing residues in parallel. Error correction does not involve base extension any more. It is also shown that, removing all restrictions on the moduli set, leads to more complex error detection/correction algorithms.
The effect of MOS Channel length on the performance of insulated gate transistors

The effect of MOS channel length on n-channel 600-V insulated gate transistors (IGT's) is evaluated. When the channel length was decreased from 1.9 to 0.8 µm, a doubling of the forward conduction current was measured at a forward drop of 2 V for IGT's with a turn-off time of 2 µs. Also, a better forward drop versus turnoff time tradeoff were observed. However, a 25-50-percent decrease in latching current was measured for the short-channel devices under dynamic switching conditions at 150°C.
A quasi-optimally efficient algorithm for independent component analysis

We propose an incremental algorithm for independent component analysis (ICA), that is guided by the statistical efficiency. Starting from an /spl lscr//sup /spl lscr//spl infin// norm sparseness measure contrast function, we derive the learning algorithm based on a winner-take-all learning mechanism. It avoids the optimization of high order non-linear functions or density estimation, which have been used by other ICA methods, such as negentropy approximation, infomax, and maximum likelihood estimation based methods. We show that when the latent independent random variables are super-Gaussian distributions, the network efficiently extracts the independent components. We observed a much faster convergence than with other ICA methods.