cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Core Correlation on the MP2 Hydration Free Energies of Li(+), Na(+), and K(.).

Simple nonpolarizable molecular mechanics potentials were developed for Li+, Na+, and K+ with the adaptive force matching (AFM) method using the second order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) with the frozen core approximation as reference. The effects of different choices of core orbitals and basis sets in the MP2 calculations were investigated for Na+ and Li+. For Na+, correlating the 2s2p electrons in MP2 changes its hydration free energy by 18 kJ/mol, which is surprisingly large, constituting to about 5% of the intrinsic hydration free energy of the ion. Whereas correlating the 2s2p electrons with the aug-cc-pCVTZ basis set leads to the best agreement with experiments, with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, a better hydration free energy will be obtained if the 2s2p are kept as frozen core orbitals. Even with nonpolarizable energy expressions, the AFM derived ion potentials predict the experimental hydration free energies of the various salts within 2% of experimental values, suggesting the robustness...
Hybrid minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiation yields excellent long-term survival outcomes with minimal morbidity.

BACKGROUND There is a clear survival benefit to neoadjuvant chemoradiation prior to esophagectomy for patients with stages II-III esophageal cancer. A minimally invasive esophagectomy approach may decrease morbidity but is more challenging in a previously radiated field and therefore patients who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiation may experience more postoperative complications. METHODS A prospective database of all esophageal cancer patients who underwent attempted hybrid minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy was maintained between 2006 and 2015. The clinical characteristics, neoadjuvant treatments, perioperative complications, and survival outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Overall 30- and 90-day mortality rates were 0.8% (1/131) and 2.3% (3/131), respectively. The majority of patients 58% (76/131) underwent induction treatment without significant adverse impact on mortality, major complications, or hospital stay. Overall survival at 1, 3, and 5 years was 85.9%, 65.3%, and 53.9%. Five-year survival by pathologic stage was stage I 68.9%, stage II 54.0%, and stage III 29.6%. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy approach results in low perioperative morbidity and mortality and is well tolerated after neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Good long-term overall survival rates likely resulted from combined concurrent neoadjuvant chemoradiation in the majority of patients, which did not impact the ability to safely perform the operation or postoperative complications rates. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:838-847. © 2016 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristic Raindrop Size Retrievals from Measurements of Differences in Vertical Doppler Velocities at Ka- and W-Band Radar Frequencies

AbstractA Ka-band (~35 GHz) and W-band (~94 GHz) radar approach to retrieve profiles of characteristic raindrop sizes, such as mean mass-weighted drop diameters Dm, from measurements of the difference in the mean vertical Doppler velocities (DDV) is analyzed. This retrieval approach is insensitive to radar calibration errors, vertical air motions, and attenuation effects. The Dm–DDV relations are derived using long-term measurements of drop size distributions (DSDs) from different observational sites and do not assume a functional DSD shape. Unambiguous retrievals using this approach are shown to be available in the Dm range of approximately 0.5–2 mm, with average uncertainties of around 21%. Potential retrieval ambiguities occurring when larger drop populations exist can be avoided by using a Ka-band vertical Doppler velocity threshold. The performance of the retrievals is illustrated using a long predominantly stratiform rain event observed at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great P...
Efficacy of Structured Organizational Change Intervention on HIV Testing in Correctional Facilities

This article presents findings from a multisite cluster randomized trial of a structured organizational change intervention for improving HIV testing services in jails and prisons. Matched pairs of prison and jail facilities were randomized to experimental and control conditions; all facilities received baseline training about best practices in HIV testing and other HIV services and selected an area of HIV services on which to focus improvement efforts. The experimental facilities formed local change teams and were provided external coaching based on the Network for the Improvement of Addiction Treatment (NIATx) process improvement model. Difference-indifference analyses indicate a significant relative increase in HIV testing in the experimental compared to the control condition. Meta-analyses across the matched pairs indicated a small to medium effect of increased testing overall. The results indicate that the local change team model can achieve significant increases in HIV testing in correctional facilities. Implications for HIV testing policies and challenges for expanding testing are discussed.
Entelechy revisited: On the generative specification of John Portman’s architectural language:

John Portman’s work attracts significant commentary, although the focus is typically on the commercial and social aspects of his work as opposed to the actual designs and their related architectura...
Conception rates in early postpartum ewes bred naturally or by intrauterine insemination.

Ewes were treated with a medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponge for 8 d followed, at sponge removal, with 500 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) at d 30, 40 or 50 (d 0 = lambing) to induce estrus. Dry and lactating ewes were divided into equal numbers at each postpartum day and bred at estrus. Conception rates and number of accessory sperm were determined by flushing the oviducts 3 d after mating and examining the recovered ova. There was no effect (P greater than .05) of lactational status on conception rates. Conception rates increased (P less than .05) from d 30 (10%) to d 40 (45%) and from d 40 to d 50 (80%). There were fewer (P less than .05) ova with accessory sperm (5/26) in d-30 ewes compared with d-40 (10/27) or d-50 (12/24) ewes. In Exp. 2, ewes were assigned to two groups after receiving PMSG on d 30: 1) mated naturally or 2) inseminated during laparotomy near the uterotubal junction (UTJ). Dry and lactating ewes were divided evenly within each of the two treatments. Oviducts were flushed and ova were examined for cleavage. The conception rate was 60% in ewes that were inseminated in the UTJ vs 10% in ewes mated to rams (P less than .05). Lactational status had no effect on results. In conclusion, conception rates in postpartum ewes treated with MAP sponge and PMSG increased from postpartum d 30 to d 50 with natural breeding, and d-30 conception rates were increased over natural mating by insemination into the uterine horn near the UTJ.
Computational modeling of the effective properties of spatially graded composites

Abstract In the present study, finite element- and representative volume element (RVE)-based models for estimation of the effective elastic, thermal, and thermoelastic properties of the multi-phase spatially graded particulate composites have been developed. Efficient particle packing algorithms were utilized to create high-resolution graded microstructures with spatial (more than one direction) variation of the composites’ constituents. The so-called continuously graded RVEs were generated and accounted for spatially continuously graded microstructures. Numerical homogenization of these RVEs enabled to preserve the influence of the particle interactions resulting from continuous grading. The developed models were verified by comparing the predicted effective properties to those obtained using the previously existed models and were validated using available experimental data.
Intrasource Chemical Variability and Secondary Depositional Processes

For nearly 30 years, archaeological obsidian has been collected from geological and archaeological contexts, analyzed by a spate of methods, and offered to the scientific community as internally valid research. Virtually none of this work has been gathered in explicitly scientific ways such that the results are reliable and valid. In an attempt to provide a starting point for consideration, this chapter discusses the field and laboratory methods used in the ongoing Southwest and Northwestern Mexico Archaeological Obsidian Project dealing with arid environments, very old glass sources, relatively extreme secondary deposition, and a great range of chemical variability common in this geological context.
Unbiased Sampling of Users from (Online) Activity Data

Online platforms offer new opportunities to study human behavior. However, while social scientists are often interested in using behavioral trace data—data created by a user over the course of thei...
Wastewater treatment for carbon capture and utilization

A paradigm shift is underway in wastewater treatment as the industry heads toward ~3% of global electricity consumption and contributes ~1.6% of greenhouse gas emissions. Although incremental improvements to energy efficiency and renewable energy recovery are underway, studies considering wastewater for carbon capture and utilization are few. This Review summarizes alternative wastewater treatment pathways capable of simultaneous CO2 capture and utilization, and demonstrates the environmental and economic benefits of microbial electrochemical and phototrophic processes. Preliminary estimates demonstrate that re-envisioning wastewater treatment may entirely offset the industry’s greenhouse gas footprint and make it a globally significant contributor of negative carbon emissions. The wastewater treatment industry contributes approximately 1.6% of greenhouse gas emissions. This Review analyses alternative wastewater treatment pathways for simultaneous CO2 capture and utilization and shows the multiple benefits of microbial electrochemical and phototrophic processes.
MACHINE LEARNING VERSUS TRADITIONAL RISK STRATIFICATION METHODS IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A POOLED RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL ANALYSIS

Traditional prediction models allow population based inferences. Machine learning explores datasets to develop algorithms that do not assume linear relationships between variables and outcomes and that account for higher order interactions to make individualized outcome predictions. Data on 24,178
Topical Review on Skyrmions and Hall Transport

We review recent progresses towards an understanding of the Skyrmion Hall transport in insulating as well as conducting materials. First, we consider a theoretical breakthrough based on the quantum field theory Ward identity, a first principle analysis, relying on symmetries and conservation laws. Broken parity (inversion) symmetry plays a crucial role in Skyrmion Hall transport. In addition to the well known thermal and electric Hall conductivities, our analysis has led us to the discovery of a new and unforeseen physical quantity, Hall viscosity - an anti-symmetric part of the viscosity tensor. We propose a simple way to confirm the existence of Hall viscosity in the measurements of Hall conductivity as a function of momentum. We provide various background materials to assist the readers to understand the quantum field theory Ward identity. In the second part, we review recent theoretical and experimental advancements of the Skyrmion Hall effects and the topological (Magnon) Hall effects for conducting (insulting) magnets. For this purpose, we consider two enveloping themes: spin torque and thermo-electromagnetic effect. First, we overview various spin torques, such as spin transfer torque, spin-orbit torque, and spin Hall torque, and generalized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations and Thiele equations using a phenomenological approach. Second, we consider irreversible thermodynamics to survey possible thermo-electromagnetic effects, such as Seebeck, Peltier and Thompson effects in the presence of the electric currents, along with the Hall effects in the presence of a background magnetic field. Recently developed spin Seebeck effects are also a significant part of the survey. We also accommodate extensive background materials to make this review self-contained. Finally, we revisit the Skyrmion Hall transport from the Ward identity view point.
Pediatric Tonsillectomy: A Surgery in Search of an Outcome Measure

* Abbreviations: CHAT — : Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial OSA — : obstructive sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea QoL — : quality of life With >500 000 cases performed annually, adenotonsillectomy is 1 of the most commonly performed pediatric surgeries in the United States and comprises >15% of surgical procedures in children younger than age 15 years.1,2 The primary indication for tonsillectomy has shifted over the last 20 years from recurrent infections to obstructive sleep-disordered breathing and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).3,4 Polysomnography physiologically measures sleep efficiency and sleep architecture and has long been held as the gold standard for the diagnosis and grading of OSA. Although there are many in-depth survey tools targeted at evaluating specific areas of clinical improvement, such as quality of life (QoL) and symptom scores, they can be cumbersome and lack generalizability to other outcomes. Resolution of polysomnography abnormalities has been suggested as a central post-treatment benchmark. In this issue of Pediatrics , in their article, “Polysomnography and Treatment-Related Outcomes of Childhood Sleep Apnea,” Isaiah et al5 explore the validity of using postoperative polysomnography as a proxy for different domains of clinical improvement after tonsillectomy performed in children for OSA. OSA has significant short- and long-term health and QoL concerns. It has been … Address correspondence to Sivakumar Chinnadurai, MD, MPH, Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota, 2530 Chicago Ave South, Suite 450, Minneapolis, MN 55404. E-mail: siva.chinnadurai{at}childrensmn.org
Making Soft Optical Sensors More Wearable

This paper discusses new components and approaches to make stretchable optical fiber sensors better meet the power and washability requirements of wearables. First, an allpolymer quick connector allows the light source and photosensor to be quickly detached for washing. Second, the paper investigates the possibility of driving the sensors using ambient light instead of an onboard light source. While optical strain sensors and touch sensors have advantages over electronic ones in wet environments, and the intrinsic stretchability of the fibers is useful for soft robotics and highly conformal wearables, the typical light-emitting diode (LED) light source consumes more power than an electronic resistive or capacitive strain sensor. In this work, ambient light of uniform but unknown intensity is demonstrated to drive an elastomeric optical touch sensor in a differential configuration.
Private security, maritime piracy and the provision of international public safety

Private solutions to personal protection and property rights often evolve in environments that are weakly institutionalized. In this vein, we examine the effect of private maritime security on international public safety—through the reduction of piracy and its related risks—by analyzing International Maritime Organization vessel security data from 2007 to 2014. We find that private security generates a direct effect on vessel safety, significantly reducing piracy-related risk, but also generating an external effect of private security, whereby as little as 10% of all attacked vessels being privately secured significantly reduces the risk of an attack against unsecured vessels both contemporaneously and in the future. This research contributes to our knowledge of the private provision of public safety by displaying how the risk and uncertainty borne from employing private security can nearly eradicate piracy.
An Examination of Individually Performed and (Co)Managed Facework: Unique Communication within the Work-Spouse Relationship

While more researchers have begun to study the work-spouse relationship and made claims that it is unique, scholars have yet to specifically examine how, if at all, communication in the work-spouse...
Felt Pressure to Conform to Cultural Gender Roles: Correlates and Consequences

Many children feel obligated by their parents and peers to behave in ways that are consistent with traditional gender roles of their culture, an obligation referred to as “felt pressure to conform to gender roles” (abbreviated as felt pressure) (Egan and Perry 2001). The current research was designed to examine links between children’s felt pressure and (a) their own responses to other peers’ “gender policing” and (b) their parents’ reports of gender socialization attitudes. U.S. children (6–12-years-old; 37 girls; 40 boys) completed self-report measures assessing (a) felt pressure to conform to gender roles and (b) responses to children described as making sexist remarks to peers (12 vignettes). Parents (66 mothers; 7 fathers) completed a gender-socialization measure of attitudes toward their children’s gender-typical and atypical behaviors. As hypothesized, children who reported more felt pressure were less likely to confront—and more likely to agree with—vignette peers’ sexist comments to another child. Specifically, felt pressure from parents was negatively related to children’s confrontation of vignette peers’ sexist comments, and felt pressure from peers was positively related to children’s agreement with vignette peers’ sexist comments. Children’s felt pressure was unrelated to parents’ self-reported attitudes. Findings suggest that felt pressure experiences with parents and peers are differentially related to children’s peer interactions, suggesting a possible mechanism by which levels of sexism may be shaped in peer groups. Results may inform interventions aimed at gender-related bullying, identifying the groups (i.e., parents or peers) most influential for various bullying behaviors and bystander responses.
Developing an Infection Prevention Position for a Multi-Center Hospital-based Dialysis System

Background There exists in most dialysis centers opportunities for improvement, including infection control practices, work practice safety, medication safety, regulatory compliance, training, and cost reduction. Although IP's are experts in HAI prevention, implementation science and problem-solving, it is typical for dialysis centers to have only limited access to an infection preventionist (IP). This hospital-based dialysis system created a .8 FTE IP dialysis staff position to support existing quality improvement efforts and address compliance and infection control issues. Methods 2 IPs are responsible for this health system's infection prevention program, including 4 outpatient hemodialysis centers, 1 inpatient hemodialysis center and a home peritoneal dialysis program. Prior to September 2018, the dialysis centers’ monthly audits, compliance and quality improvement issues were the responsibility of the centers’ supervisors and manager. Based on an increase in NHSN positive blood culture events and observed infection control and compliance issues, the health system identified the need for additional IP support for dialysis. A .8 FTE IP position was created within dialysis with job responsibilities in the area of both infection control and compliance. Results Positive blood culture events dropped 42%, from 12 in 2018 to 7 (as of December 2019). Compliance with the contact time during dialysis catheter hub disinfection improved from 8% to a sustained 100%. Likewise, compliance with skin antisepsis contact time improved from 40% to a sustained 100%. The IP was a major contributor to over 25 successful quality improvement projects which focused on safety, infection prevention, regulatory compliance and cost reduction. Conclusions The addition of an IP to the dialysis staff can contribute to best practices, safety, infection prevention, regulatory compliance, and reduced costs. Collaboration with the health system's IP's, dialysis staff and leadership is essential for success.
Interval Arithmetic and Self-Similarity Based RTL Input Vector Control for Datapath Leakage Minimization

With technology scaling, subthreshold leakage has dominated the overall power consumption in a design. Input vector control is an effective technique to minimize subthreshold leakage. Low leakage input vector determination is not often possible due to large design space and simulation time. Similarly, applying an appropriate minimum leakage vector (MLV) to each Register Transfer Level (RTL) module instance in a design often results in a low leakage state with significant area overhead. In this work, we propose a top-down and bottom-up approach for propagating the input vector interval to identify low leakage input vector at primary inputs of an RTL datapath. For each module, via Monte Carlo simulation, we identify a set of MLV intervals such that maximum leakage is within (say) 10% of the lowest leakage points. As the module bit width increases, exhaustive simulation to find the low leakage vector is not feasible. Further, we need to uniformly search the entire input space to obtain as many low leakage intervals as possible. Based on empirical observations, we observe self-similarity in the subthreshold leakage distribution of adder/multiplier modules with highly regular bit-slice architectures when input space is partitioned into smaller cells. This property enables the uniform search of low leakage vectors in the entire input space where the time taken for characterization increases linearly with the module size. We further process the reduced interval set with simulated annealing to arrive at the best low-leakage vector at the primary inputs. We also propose to reduce area overhead (in some cases to 0%) by choosing Primary Input (PI) MLVs such that resultant inputs to internal nodes are also MLVs. Compared to existing work, experimental results for DSP filters simulated in 16nm technology demonstrated leakage savings of 93.6% and 89.2% for top-down and bottom-up approaches with no area overhead.
Socioeconomic Status, Race and Parental Initial Response to Children's Mental Illness

To examine how socioeconomic status (SES) and race affect parents' initial response (IR) to their child's mental illness (MI) including 1. Parental confidant(s); 2. Lag time in professional help-seeking; and 3. Referral source. 70 parents of patients new to a Child Psychiatry clinic completed a survey to assess their IR to their child's MI. SES was determined using the United States Census Bureau median income by zip codes. Summary statistics are frequencies and percentages for categorical data, and medians and quartiles for continuous data. Twenty-five percent of parents reported low SES and 31% Non-Caucasian Children (NCC). Confidants of Caucasian and NCC were Pediatrician (77% vs 50%, p = 0.03), and family (73% vs 32%, p = 0.002). Comparing help-seeking Lag Times 66% reported a delay of 1 year or more (p = 0.040). Overall Pediatricians were the leading confidant. Lag times were one year or more with stronger trends in NCC.
Irradiated Tree Nut Flours for Use in Oral Immunotherapy.

Background Tree nut allergies affect an estimated 1% of the US population and is lifelong in 90% of allergic individuals. Oral immunotherapy (OIT) for food allergies is an effective method to induce desensitization in a majority of participants in trials of peanut, egg, and milk OIT. Limited trials using tree nut OIT have been reported, possibly due to the lack of standardized drug products. Objective Food products used in OIT are considered drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) because they are intended to modulate the individuals' immune responses to the food allergens. As such, OIT drug products must meet FDA standards for acceptable levels of microbes and undergo testing for allergenic proteins. We aimed to determine the suitability of walnut, cashew, hazelnut, and almond flours for use in OIT trials. Methods We employed gamma irradiation on commercially available walnut, cashew, hazelnut, and almond flours and tested their levels of microbial contamination, total protein, and allergen content, along with stability of these parameters over time. Results Our results demonstrate that irradiation of tree nut flours greatly diminishes the levels of total aerobic bacteria, mold, yeast, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella, whereas there are no substantial changes in total protein or allergen content. Importantly, the microbial levels, protein, and allergen content remained stable over a 24-month period. Conclusion Irradiation of tree nut flours is a safe and effective method of processing to allow tree nut products to meet the FDA standards for OIT drug products.
Towards Interactive, Reproducible Analytics at Scale on HPC Systems

The growth in scientific data volumes has resulted in a need to scale up processing and analysis pipelines using High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. These workflows need interactive, reproducible analytics at scale. The Jupyter platform provides core capabilities for interactivity but was not designed for HPC systems. In this paper, we outline our efforts that bring together core technologies based on the Jupyter Platform to create interactive, reproducible analytics at scale on HPC systems. Our work is grounded in a real world science use case - applying geophysical simulations and inversions for imaging the subsurface. Our core platform addresses three key areas of the scientific analysis workflow - reproducibility, scalability, and interactivity. We describe our implemention of a system, using Binder, Science Capsule, and Dask software. We demonstrate the use of this software to run our use case and interactively visualize real-time streams of HDF5 data.
Vegetation Canopy Gap Size and Height: Critical Indicators for Wind Erosion Monitoring and Management

Indicators of vegetation cover and structure are widely available for monitoring and managing rangeland wind erosion. Identifying which indicators are most appropriate for managers could improve wind erosion mitigation and restoration efforts. Vegetation cover directly protects the soil surface from erosive winds and reduces wind erosivity by extracting momentum from the air. The portion of the soil surface that is directly protected by vegetation is adequately described by fractional ground cover indicators. However, the aerodynamic sheltering effects of vegetation, which are more important for wind erosion than for water erosion, are not captured by these indicators. As wind erosion is a lateral process, the vertical structure and spatial distribution of vegetation are most important for controlling where, when, and how much wind erosion occurs on rangelands. These controlling factors can be described by indicators of the vegetation canopy gap size distribution and vegetation height, for which data are collected widely in the United States by standardized rangeland monitoring and assessment programs. In this paper we address why canopy gap size distribution and vegetation height are critical indicators of rangeland wind erosion and health. We review wind erosion processes to explain the physical role of these vegetation attributes. We then address the management implications including availability of data on the indicators on rangelands and needs to make the indicators and model estimates of wind erosion more accessible to the range management community.
Intimacy in Bordered Globalisation: Theory and Method

This essay is part of a book symposium in the International Journal of Law in Context on Daphna Hacker's Law and Society Association award-winning book Legalized Families in the Era of Bordered Globalization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017).
Evaluation of Microfluidic Approaches to Encapsulate Cells into PEGDA Microparticles

Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) is increasingly used to microencapsulate cells via a vortex-induced water-in-oil emulsion process. Herein, we evaluated methods to encapsulate cells into microparticles using microfluidic methods. PEGDA prepolymer solution with or without cells was photopolymerized with white light under varying microfluidic parameters to form empty microspheres or cell-laden microparticles. Microparticles and entrapped cells were assessed for size and viability. PEGDA microparticles were easily formed when cells were absent; the introduction of cells resulted in aggregation that clogged microfluidic devices, resulting in a mix of empty polymer microparticles and cells that were not encapsulated. Cells that were successfully encapsulated had poor viability. Microfluidic methods may work for low density microencapsulation of mammalian cells; however, when the cell density within each microparticle must be relatively high, emulsion-based methods are superior to microfluidic methods. The synthetic polymer polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) has been increasingly used to encapsulate cells into micrometer-sized hydrogel spheres (microspheres). One method to microencapsulate cells has been to form a water-in-oil emulsion with liquid polymer containing cells and then expose the suspended droplets to white light, polymerizing them into PEGDA hydrogel microspheres. Although successful, this method has poor control over the process, resulting in polydisperse microsphere sizes with varying cell density. We evaluated microfluidic methods to form both empty and cell-laden PEGDA microspheres. Although microfluidic methods resulted in monodisperse microsphere sizes, the introduction of cells resulted in clogging of microfluidic devices, non-spherical microparticles, and poor cell viability. Because the microfluidic approach successfully formed cell-free microspheres, the effect of reducing cell aggregation will be examined. Specifically, the use of anti-aggregation agents as well as a reduced cell density in the liquid polymer phase and their effects on polymer formation will be explored.
The Paradox of Schrödinger’s Cat

Einstein’s critical comprehension of quantum mechanics, expressed as the EPR paradox with the help of Podolsky and Rosen, led to the idea of quantum nonlocality, a crucial blow to the philosophy of material realism. Erwin Schrodinger himself had misgivings about the weirdness of quantum physics, his own discovery. He expressed his misgivings in the form of a paradox now called the paradox of Schrodinger’s cat. And this paradox also has exposed insurmountable difficulties for the material realist metaphysics.
Tendencias emergentes en la publicidad online

En los 90 los consumidores asociaban la publicidad on line con banners, pop-up y publicidad a traves de e-mail. Hoy en dia, la publicidad on line esta surgiendo como un componente muy atractivo de marketing y esta experimentado unos niveles de crecimiento importantes en EEUU, Europa Occidental y parte de Asia. En este trabajo examinamos herramientas como el marketing de busqueda, media enriquecida, publicidad contextual, marketing social, estudio de comportamientos, y publicidad a traves de video. Tambien discutimos nuevas tendencias y nuevos formatos de publicidad on line, incluyendo juegos on line, texto on line, media social, blogs, y formatos moviles.
Nitrogen resorption in senescing tree leaves in a warmer, CO2-enriched atmosephere

The prediction that litter quality, and hence litter decomposition rates, would be reduced when plants are grown in a CO2-enriched atmosphere has been based on the observation that foliar N concentrations usually are lower in elevated [CO2]. The implicit assumption is that the N concentration in leaf litter reflects the N concentration in green leaves. Here we evaluate that assumption by exploring whether the process of seasonal nutrient resorption is different in CO2-enriched plants. Nitrogen resorption was studied in two species of maple trees (Acer rubrum L. and A. saccharum Marsh.), which were planted in unfertilized soil and grown in open-top chambers with ambient or elevated [CO2] in combination with ambient or elevated temperature. In the second growing season, prior to autumn senescence, individual leaves were collected and analyzed for N and dry matter content. Other leaves at the same and an adjacent node were collected for analysis as they senesced and abscised. This data set was augmented with litter samples from the first growing season and with green leaves and leaf litter collected from white oak (Quercus alba L.) saplings grown in ambient and elevated [CO2] in open-top chambers. In chambers maintained at ambient temperature, CO2 enrichment reduced green leaf N concentrations by 25% in A. rubrum and 19% in A. saccharum. CO2 enrichment did not significantly reduce resorption efficiency so the N concentration also was reduced in litter. There were, however, few effects of [CO2] on N dynamics in these leaves; differences in N concentration usually were the result of increased dry matter content of leaves. The effects of elevated [CO2] on litter N are inherently more difficult to detect than differences in green leaves because factors that affect senescence and resorption increase variability. This is especially so when other environmental factors cause a disruption in the normal progress of resorption, such as in the first year when warming delayed senescence until leaves were killed by an early frost. The results of this experiment support the approach used in ecosystem models in which resorption efficiency is constant in ambient and elevated [CO2], but the results also indicate that other factors can alter resorption efficiency.
Galois Module Structure and the γ-Filtration

We describe a general method for calculating equivariant Euler characteristics. The method exploits the fact that the γ-filtration on the Grothendieck group of vector bundles on a Noetherian quasi-projective scheme has finite length; it allows us to capture torsion information which is usually ignored by equivariant Riemann–Roch theorems. As applications, we study the G-module structure of the coherent cohomology of schemes with a free action by a finite group G and, under certain assumptions, we give an explicit formula for the equivariant Euler characteristic \(\chi (\mathcal{O}_X ) = {\text{H}}^{\text{0}} (X,\mathcal{O}_X ) - {\text{H}}^{\text{1}} (X,\mathcal{O}_X )\) in the Grothendieck group of finitely generated Z[G]-modules, when X is a curve over Z and G has prime order.
Building Coalitions with Private Industry

There are increasing opportunities for creative linkages between gerontology departments and programs and the corporate sector. This paper describes the factors enhancing cooperation as well as constraints that impair such efforts. This paper also discusses the ways in which gerontology curricula can assist graduates interested in corporate career paths.
A stochastic model for laser propagation along folded paths

A laser beam propagating through the atmosphere and reflecting off a plane mirror is modelled by a stochastic bilinear system. The model consists of a random Schroedinger equation in which a white noise, representing the effects of turbulence, is multiplied by the state. The reflected beam is an anticipative random process, and cannot be represented in a straightforward way by an Ito integral. The author derives a white noise model, and discusses an approximation of product form type. The product form approximation is shown to converge to the product of two Ito integrals. >
Dynamic bookmarks for the WWW

This paper describes a management tool to support revisiting WWW pages, which we call “WWW Dynamic Bookmark (WDB).” WDB watches and archives a user’s navigation behavior, analyses the archive, and shows analyzed results as clues for revisiting URLs. We have integrated link analysis and user behavior analysis to evaluate WWW page importance. WDB presents a list of sites that a user has visited, in importance order, via a landmark list in each site, and showing relationships among sites. Experimental implementation shows that importance calculation and structure displays help users to pick up useful URLs.
Site-Specific Mutagenesis with Benzo[a]Pyrene-Deoxyribonucleoside Adducts

Abstract The various methods that have been used in site-specific mutagenesis studies with DNA adducts from hydrocarbon diol epoxides are briefly reviewed. The single-stranded M13 approach pioneered by Lawrence and his colleagues offers the advantage that DNA repair processes should not reduce mutation frequencies since they should lead to vector destruction. The application of this approach to an evaluation of the mutagenic effects arising from a benzo[a]pyrene-deoxyadenosine adduct is shown. Substantial numbers of A→T and A→G base substitution mutations were obtained along with a few A→C mutations.
Relationships between conductivity and apparent glass basicity. Conductivity maximum in glass

Abstract Studies of the compositionally dependent conductivity in pseudo-binary xNa 2 O ·(1− x )[ nB 2 · Al 2 O 3 ] glasses have been carried out to 60 mol% Na 2 O. For n =4.0, at x = 0.50 Na 2 O, a local maximum conductivity is observed. Due to a simultaneous exponentially increasing conductivity preexponent, A, the conductivity maximum is not persistent. In the same composition region, however, E act , the conductivity activation energy, passes through a minimum value of 55kJmol −1 . The activation energy minimum in these glasses is analyzed in terms of the competition, with increasing alkali, between decreasing jump distances tending to decrease E act and the increasing post-polarization charge density residing at the non-bridging oxygens tending to increase E act . The analysis suggests that the coulombic energy, to which both these effects contribute, in the high alkali glasses, is dominated by the latter effect. These observations are analyzed in terms of the glass micro-structure and the conduction energetics-topologies recently correlated by the author.
X-ray absorption and inelastic scattering studies of single-crystal CeO2

Abstract X-ray absorption and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering measurements were performed on a single crystal of CeO 2 near the Ce L III edge at room temperature and at 873 K. At 873 K the inelastic spectrum exhibits reversible changes, which are paralleled by reversible changes in the X-ray absorption spectrum. These changes are not due to chemical reduction of the sample, and may be indicative of evolution of the structure of oxygen sublattice in CeO 2 at elevated temperatures.
Swept source optical coherence tomography based smart handheld vitreoretinal microsurgical tool for tremor suppression

Microsurgeons require the ability to make precise and stable maneuvers in order to achieve surgical objectives and to minimize surgical risks during freehand microsurgical procedures. This work presents a novel common path swept source optical coherence tomography based smart surgical tool that suppresses hand tremor. It allows enhanced tool tip stabilization, more accurate targeting and may lower surgical risk. Here the one dimensional motion tremor of a surgeon's hand is assessed by the surgical instrument. The ability to accurately locate a surgical target and the ability to maintain tool tip offset distances in a chicken embryo model are significantly improved as compared to freehand use.
Fractionated proton radiotherapy for benign cavernous sinus meningiomas.

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of fractionated proton radiotherapy for a population of patients with benign cavernous sinus meningiomas. Methods and Materials Between 1991 and 2002, 72 patients were treated at Loma Linda University Medical Center with proton therapy for cavernous sinus meningiomas. Fifty-one patients had biopsy or subtotal resection; 47 had World Health Organization grade 1 pathology. Twenty-one patients had no histologic verification. Twenty-two patients received primary proton therapy; 30 had 1 previous surgery; 20 had more than 1 surgery. The mean gross tumor volume was 27.6 cm 3 ; mean clinical target volume was 52.9 cm 3 . Median total doses for patients with and without histologic verification were 59 and 57 Gy, respectively. Mean and median follow-up periods were 74 months. Results The overall 5-year actuarial control rate was 96%; the control rate was 99% in patients with grade 1 or absent histologic findings and 50% for those with atypical histology. All 21 patients who did not have histologic verification and 46 of 47 patients with histologic confirmation of grade 1 tumor demonstrated disease control at 5 years. Control rates for patients without previous surgery, 1 surgery, and 2 or more surgeries were 95%, 96%, and 95%, respectively. Conclusions Fractionated proton radiotherapy for grade 1 cavernous sinus meningiomas achieves excellent control rates with minimal toxicities, regardless of surgical intervention or use of histologic diagnosis. Disease control for large lesions can be achieved by primary fractionated proton therapy.
The emergence of vocational expectations in preschool children

Abstract Sixty-four kindergarten children were pretested for ability to conserve liquid quantity and on an original picture test of vocations, choosing a man, a woman, or both as suitable for particular jobs. After random assignment to three treatment groups, including (1) reading books about women working, (2) general career information without reference to sex, and (3) a placebo control, three fifteen-minute sessions took place. After data analysis it was observed that conservers made significantly more male and total choices than did nonconservers. Girls made more female choices than did boys, and there was a significant treatment effect favoring the books about women approach.
The nonlinear dynamics of elastic tubes conveying a fluid

Abstract The Kirchhoff equations for elastic tubes are modified to include the effect of fluid flow. Using the techniques of linear and nonlinear analysis specially developed for the Kirchhoff equations, the effect of the fluid flow on the basic twist-to-writhe instability is investigated. The results suggest an intriguing modification of the bifurcation threshold due to the flow. Beyond threshold the buckled tube acquires a slight curvature which modifies the flow rate and results in a correction to nonlinearity of the amplitude equation governing the deformation dynamics.
Telepathic perception in the dream state: confirmatory study using EEG-EOG monitoring techniques.

S, selected on the basis of his successful performance in a previous telepathy-dream study, spent 8 nights in a laboratory; his sleep was monitored by EEG-EOG techniques. As E observed the onset of...
Arthroscopic management of native shoulder septic arthritis.

Background There is little information on the results of arthroscopic treatment of native shoulder sepsis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the presentation, preoperative indices, intraoperative findings, and outcomes related to native shoulder sepsis treated with arthroscopy. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed 50 consecutive native shoulders with septic arthritis between 1994 and 2008. Patients (75% male) were an average age of 66 years. Four patients had bilateral involvement. All underwent arthroscopic irrigation and debridement. The mean follow-up was 31 months (range, 1-185 months). Results Patients were immunocompromised in 57% of cases. The mean preoperative values (normal reference ranges) included white blood cell count, 13 × 10 9 /L (3.5-10.5 × 10 9 /L); erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 66 mm/h (0-29 mm/h), and C-creative protein, 83 mg/L (0-10 mg/L). The average aspiration cell count was 110,988, with a mean differential of 87% neutrophils. The most common organisms were methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (44%). Repeat irrigation and debridement was required within the first month in 16 of 50 shoulders (32%). Within 1 year, 17% of patients had died. Final Gachter staging was I or II for 32 shoulders and III or IV for 18 shoulders. Conclusions Most patients with native shoulder sepsis are elderly and immunocompromised and present with increased inflammatory markers and a supporting aspiration cell count. Patients and surgeons must be aware that after initial arthroscopy, 1 in 3 patients will require additional surgical intervention, whether anticipated or not.
Life History of Three Species of Redhorse (Moxostoma) in the Des Moines River, Iowa

Abstract Life histories of the golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum), northern redhorse (M. macrolepidotum), and silver redhorse (M. anisurum) were studied on the Des Moines River in central Iowa. Adult golden redhorse are widely distributed within the study area; silver redhorse and young golden redhorse are primarily in areas where the current is slower; northern redhorse are generally present in fast-moving water. Redhorse populations are sedentary in the summer as judged from the movements of 1,642 fin-clipped redhorses. Length conversion factors and body-scale relationships are given for each species. Weight increased as the total length raised to the 3.0207 power in northern, 3.0980 power in golden, and 3.1243 power in silver redhorse. Coefficients of condition (CTL) averaged 36.0 for northern, 38.9 for golden, and 40.4 for silver redhorse, but showed definite seasonal trends with lows following spawning and increases during the summer and fall. There appeared to be no reason to doubt the validity ...
Effects of γ-interferon on the growth, morphology, and membrane and cytoskeletal proteins expression of LAN-1 cells

Abstract The effects of γ-interferon (γ-IFN) on the growth, morphology, and phenotypic expression of the human neuroblastoma (NB) cell line, LAN-1, have been extensively tested. Low doses of γ-IFN allowing more than 90% cell viability induce morphological differentiation and growth inhibition. Cells exposed to γ-IFN significantly decreased their growth rate, became smaller and poligonal, and sprouted long cellular processes with varicosities along their course, typical of the neurites seen in differentiated NB cells; morphological changes appeared within 48 h of culture with 1000 U/ml γ-IFN. The new morphological aspect reached the maximum expression after 6 days of culture, becoming more evident when fresh drug was added after 2 days of culture. A decrease in [3H]thymidine incorporation was also observed within 24 h; cell growth was completely inhibited at the 6th day. Membrane immunofluorescence showed several changes in NB-specific antigen expression after 6 days of treatment with γ-IFN. At the same time γ-IFN also modulated cytoskeletal proteins. These findings suggest that noncytotoxic doses of γ-IFN do promote the differentiation of LAN-1 neuroblastoma cells which is associated with the reduced expression of the malignant phenotype.
Relationship Between Tuber Storage Proteins and Tuber Powdery Scab Resistance in Potato

The potato genotypes (Solanum tuberosum L.) with russet tuber skin are generally resistant to powdery scab (Spongospora subterranea f.sp. subterranea or Sss). Lipoxygenase (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12) and patatin are two key storage proteins that are known to offer resistance to several diseases and insects. The objective of this study was to find out the relationship of these proteins in stored tubers with potato tuber powdery scab resistance, especially in russet skinned potatoes. An evaluation of potato germplasm with different tuber characteristics in a greenhouse environment over several years (2006–’11) suggests that russet skinned tuber genotypes (Mesa Russet, Centennial Russet and Russet Nugget) with negligible tuber disease severity index (DSI) and 100 % marketability were resistant to powdery scab. Higher physiological levels of LOX protein (on a dry weight basis) were negatively correlated with tuber DSI and positively correlated with tuber russet skin. Tuber total protein and patatin-lipase levels did not have a significant relationship with tuber powdery scab resistance. The proposed role of LOX protein in suberin- and/or non-suberin-mediated mechanisms of powdery scab resistance in russet skinned tubers are discussed here. The physiological levels of LOX protein can be considered as a useful marker for powdery scab resistance in potato breeding programs.