cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dissipative trapped particle modes in tandem mirrors

The theory for the dissipative trapped particle modes is developed for a tandem mirror taking into account equilibrium rotational effects, electron temperature gradients, and an axial ambipolar potential, for a broad range of collisional parameters. The electrons are treated as a Maxwellian plasma that occupies the central cell and anchor cell regions. It is assumed that the eigenfunction is piecewise constant with abrupt transitions between the anchor and central cell regions. It is found that when ω/νp≳1, with ω the mode frequency and νp the Pastukhov loss rate, that the energy conservation structure of the collision operator produces important changes to previously developed theories. A solution to the problem is achieved by using the solution for the lifetime of an electron in an ambipolar trap, taking into account the global energy conservation. The energy conservation structure also allows a self‐consistent description of dissipative instabilities when thermal gradient and electric fields are presen...
Difficult Patients, Difficult Doctors: Can Consultants Interrupt the “Blame Game”?

To use the term “difficult patient” in a gathering of clinicians is to see the eyes light up, subtle nods, and murmurs of recognition. Physicians “know” a difficult patient when they see one. Every...
Nanocomposite electrodes for smartphone enabled healthcare garments: e-bra and smart vest

The financial burden of hospital readmissions and treatment of chronic cardiac diseases are global concerns. Point of Care (POC) has been presented as an elegant solution for healthcare cost reduction. However, large scale adoption of POC systems requires an intuitive, unobtrusive and easy to use health monitoring system from patient’s perspective. Healthcare textiles are sensor systems mounted on textile platform that function as wearable unobtrusive health monitoring systems. Although much work has been done in the development and demonstration of textile mounted monitoring systems, material and production costs are still high. Nanomaterials based devices and technology can be employed in these healthcare textiles for improved electrical characteristics of the sensors, lowered cost due to less material consumption and compatibility to varied manufacturing techniques. Carbon nanotube composite ink based printable conductive electrodes is such a textile adaptable nanomaterial technology. Screen printed Nanocomposite electrodes made of carbon nanotubes and an acrylic polymer can be used in undergarments like vests and brassieres, for cardiac biopotential (Electrocardiography, ECG) sensing. A Bluetooth module and a smartphone can then be used to provide cyber-infrastructure connectivity for the healthcare data from these healthcare garments. They can be used to monitor young or elderly recuperating /convalescent patients either in hospital or at home, or they can be used by young athletes to monitor important physiological parameters to better design their training or fitness program. In this study, we evaluate screen printed CNT-acrylic Nanocomposite electrodes for ECG signal quality and any CNT leaching hazard that might lead to skin toxicity.
Microtiter micromass cultures of limb-bud mesenchymal cells

A method is described for growing high-density micromass cultures of chick and mouse limb mesenchyme cells in 96-well microtiter plates (μTμM cultures). Rapid quantitative estimates of chondrogenic expression were obtained by automated spectrophotometric analysis of Alcian-blue-stained cartilage matrix extracts performed in the wells in which the cells had been grown. Quantitative estimates of myogenic expression were obtained similarly using anti-sarcomere myosin monoclonal antibody and modified ELISA techniques. This μTμM-ELISA method may be adapted for use with other antigens for which specific antibodies are available. These methods were used to compare cartilage and muscle differentiation in 1 to 4 d μTμM cultures grown in serum-containing (SCM) and defined (DM) media. The DM contains minimal additives (insulin, hydrocortisone, and in some cases, ascorbate or transferrin) and supports both chondrogenesis and myogenesis. The colorimetric analyses agree well with the morphologic appraisal of chondrogenesis and myogenesis. Similar numbers of cartilage nodules formed in all cultures, but in DM the nodules failed to enlarge; explaining the reduced matrix synthesis in DM as compared with SCM, and suggesting that nodule enlargement is a discrete, serum-dependent step. Studies of selected additives to DM show that transferrin enhances myogenesis, ascorbic acid enhances chondrogenesis, and retinoic acid inhibits chondrogenesis. Together, the μTμM system, in situ colorimetric assays of chondrogenesis and myogenesis, and DM will allow rapid prescreening of teratogens and screening of various bioactive compounds (e.g., hormones, growth factors, vitamins, adhesion factors) for effects on limb mesenchymal cell differentiation.
Feeding Behaviors in Cellular Slime Molds: A Microbial System to Study Competition

O NE challenge faced in the teaching of introductory biology laboratory is in finding ecology exercises that are experimental, open-ended, relatively inexpensive, and which can be completed and even repeated in a reasonable time-frame. A survey of Introductory Biology laboratory manuals shows exercises that undertake studies of pond ecosystems (Eberhard 1990; Morgan & Carter 1993), water analysis (Abramhoff & Thomson 1994), forest ecosystems (Morgan & Carter 1993), and survivorship (Perry & Martin 1992). However, none takes full advantage of the ease with which microbial eukaryotes can be used for laboratory instruction. Described in this paper is a laboratory project undertaken by our first year biology students. In this project, students study competition among various cellular slime molds. After a brief introduction to the topic of competition and basic life history information about cellular slime molds, students either chose a suggested question, or posed their own, and designed original experiments to answer these questions. Without exception, the results of student projects lead easily to additional testable questions.
50 is the new 70: Short ventriculoatrial times are common in children with atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia

Background One of the basic electrophysiological principles of atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) is that ventriculoatrial (VA) times during tachycardia are >70 ms. We hypothesized, however, that children may commonly have VA times Objective This study sought to determine the incidence and characteristics associated with short-VA AVRT in children. Methods A retrospective single-center review of children with AVRT from 2000 to 2014 was performed. All patients ≤18 years of age with AVRT at electrophysiology study were included. Patients with persistent junctional reciprocating tachycardia, atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia, and tachycardia not unequivocally proven to be AVRT were excluded. VA time was defined as the time between earliest ventricular activation and earliest atrial activation in any lead and was confirmed by 2 electrophysiologists. Patients with VA times Results A total of 495 patients with AVRT were included (mean age 11.7 ± 4.1 years). There were 265 patients (54%) with concealed accessory pathways (APs) and 230 (46%) with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. AP location was left-sided in 301 patients (61%) and right-sided in 194 (39%). The mean VA time in AVRT was 100 ± 33 ms. A total of 63 patients (13%) had VA times Conclusions Children with AVRT can frequently have VA times 70 ms. SHORT-VA AVRT was more common in children with left-sided APs.
Social values and female fashion leadership: A cross‐cultural study

As international marketing activities grow in importance, researchers are paying increased attention to cultural differences in market segments. The present study examined the relative importance placed on social values by women fashion leaders compared with nonleaders in two samples, one from the U.S. and one from the United Kingdom. A self-report scale of fashion leadership was carefully validated for both samples and used to identify fashion leaders. As hypothesized, these consumers reported the value of excitement to be more important than nonleaders. This finding suggests that, at least where value appeals are used in fashion advertising, similar appeals stressing the excitement of new fashions may be suitable in both countries. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Are diet and constipation related in children

Constipation is a common complaint in childhood, and the etiology of many healthcare referrals. Despite literature documenting the high frequency of this problem, there is little research directly relating the food consumed and the eventual stool consistency. There is literature suggesting the importance of adequate fiber intake in children to maintain soft stools. Other dietary modifications actually have not been shown to be helpful or are not based on actual clinical studies. The presence of dietary allergies may also contribute to etiology of constipation. More studies to provide further linkages between diet and constipation are clearly needed.
Readout IC requirement trends based on a simplified parametric seeker model

Modern space based optical sensors place substantial demands on the focal plane array readout integrated circuit. Active pixel readout designs offer direct access to individual pixel data but require analog to digital conversion at or near each pixel. Thus, circuit designers must create precise, fundamentally analog circuitry within tightly constrained areas on the integrated circuit. Rapidly changing phenomena necessitate tradeoffs between sampling and conversion speed, data precision, and heat generation adjacent the detector array, especially of concern for thermally sensitive space grade infrared detectors. A simplified parametric model is presented that illustrates seeker system performance and analog to digital conversion requirements trends in the visible through mid-wave infrared, for varying sample rate. Notional limiting-case Earth optical backgrounds were generated using MODTRAN4 with a range of cloud extremes and approximate practical albedo limits for typical surface features from a composite of the Mosart and Aster spectral albedo databases. The dynamic range requirements imposed by these background spectra are discussed in the context of optical band selection and readout design impacts.
TVFEM Analysis of Periodic Structures for Radiation and Scattering - Abstract *

This paper addresses TVFEM analysis of periodic structures for radiation and scattering. The basic property of TVFEM basis spaces is utilized to impose the periodic boundary condition on the opposing walls. The PMLs are used to truncate the upper and bottom boundary of a single unit cell. Numerical results are presented and compared with results obtained using alternative methods, which demonstrate the validity, accuracy and versatility of the method.
Application of Multicolor Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization for Enhanced Characterization of Chromosomal Abnormalities in Congenital Disorders

Objective To determine the efficacy of multicolor fluorescent in situ hybridization (M-FISH), which paints each chromosome in a unique color, for identification of congenital derivative and marker chromosomes. Material, Methods, and Cases Commercially available M-FISH probes were used to label each chromosome in a specific fluorescent color. Six representative cases involving derivative chromosomes, markers, and subtle anomalies were analyzed by M-FISH. Results Three familial, rather subtle derivative chromosomes were identified by M-FISH with relative ease. A small ring that was unidentifiable by banded-chromosome analysis was identified by M-FISH. A case of a subtle telomeric anomaly could not be resolved without the use of telomeric-specific probes. The M-FISH results were confirmed by individual chromosome-specific painting probes. Conclusions M-FISH was helpful for identifying a wide range of congenital chromosomal anomalies. However, for subtle chromosomal abnormalities, use of locus-specific probes may be necessary.
Composition of intraperitoneally implanted electrospun conduits modulates cellular elastic matrix generation

Improving elastic matrix generation is critical to developing functional tissue engineered vascular grafts. Therefore, this study pursued a strategy to grow autologous tissue in vivo by recruiting potentially more elastogenic cells to conduits implanted within the peritoneal cavity. The goal was to determine the impacts of electrospun conduit composition and hyaluronan oligomer (HA-o) modification on the recruitment of peritoneal cells, and their phenotype and ability to synthesize elastic matrix. These responses were assessed as a function of conduit intra-peritoneal implantation time. This study showed that the blending of collagen with poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) promotes a faster wound healing response, as assessed by trends in expression of macrophage and smooth muscle cell (SMC) contractile markers and in matrix deposition, compared to the more chronic response for PCL alone. This result, along with the increase in elastic matrix production, demonstrates the benefits of incorporating as little as 25% w/w collagen into the conduit. In addition, PCR analysis demonstrated the challenges in differentiating between a myofibroblast and an SMC using traditional phenotypic markers. Finally, the impact of the tethered HA-o is limited within the inflammatory environment, unlike the significant response found previously in vitro. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the importance of both careful control of implanted scaffold composition and the development of appropriate delivery methods for HA-o.
Recreational rates and future land-use preferences for four Department of Energy sites: consistency despite demographic and geographical differences.

Abstract The management of ecosystems has been improved by both a public understanding of ecosystem structure and function and by managers’ understanding of public perceptions and attitudes. This is especially true for contaminated lands where there are a variety of remediation, restoration, and future land-use decisions to be made. This paper synthesizes several surveys from four US Department of Energy (DOE) sites in the states of South Carolina, Idaho, Nevada, and New York. Although ethnic composition varied among the sites, age and gender did not. The percentage of the study population engaged in hunting ranged from 30% to 41% and that in fishing ranged from 55% to 74%. Average hunting rates ranged from 9 (New York) to 15 (South Carolina) days/year; average fishing rates ranged from 12 (New Mexico) to 38 (New York) days a year. Despite the demographic and recreational rate differences, there was remarkable agreement about future land uses. Maintaining these DOE sites as National Environmental Research Parks and using them for nonconsumptive recreation rated the highest. The lowest rated future land uses were current and additional nuclear waste storage and the building of homes and factories. People who participated in a recreational activity rated those future land uses higher than nonusers. While these data on recreational rates can be used to assess the potential risk to people using contaminated sites and to aid in setting clean-up standards based on potential risk, the information on land-use preferences can be used by managers to determine future use and to plan for such use. This information is particularly relevant to the Department of Energy's “Risk-based End State Vision.”
The Role of Church History in The Theology of Albrecht Ritschl

The intention of this paper is to lay down a fundamental scheme for the interpretation of the work of Albrecht Ritschl (1822–1889). It is not my purpose to present any sort of a critique of Ritschl's work, nor do I intend to present copious documentation for the assertions that the man made. Rather, the paper will present as cogently as possible a framework of thought which is a viable hermeneutical key for understanding and interpreting Ritschl.
Information-statistical approach for temporal-spatial data with application

Abstract A treatment for temporal-spatial data such as atmospheric temperature using an information-statistical approach is proposed. Conditioning on specific spatial nature of the data, the temporal aspect of the data is first modeled parametrically as Gaussian, and Schwarz information criterion is then applied to detect multiple mean change points—thus the Gaussian statistical models—to account for changes of the population mean over time. To examine the spatial characteristics of the data, successive mean change points are qualified by finite categorical values. The distribution of the finite categorical values is then used to estimate a non-parametric probability model through a non-linear SVD-based optimization approach; where the optimization criterion is Shannon expected entropy. This optimal probability model accounts for the spatial characteristics of the data and is then used to derive spatial association patterns subject to chi-square statistic hypothesis test. The proposed approach is applied to examine the weather data set obtained from NOAA. Selected temperature data are studied. These data cover different geographical localities in the United States, with some spanning over 200 years. Preliminary results are reported.
Using Application Skeletons to Improve eScience Infrastructure

Computer scientists who work on tools and systems to support eScience (a variety of parallel and distributed) applications usually use actual applications to prove that their systems will benefit science and engineering (e.g., improve application performance). Accessing and building the applications and necessary data sets can be difficult because of policy or technical issues, and it can be difficult to modify the characteristics of the applications to understand corner cases in the system design. In this paper, we present the Application Skeleton, a simple yet powerful tool to build synthetic applications that represent real applications, with runtime and I/O close to those of the real applications. This allows computer scientists to focus on the system they are building, they can work with the simpler skeleton applications and be sure that their work will also be applicable to the real applications. In addition, skeleton applications support simple reproducible system experiments since they are represented by a compact set of parameters. Our Application Skeleton tool (available as open source at https://github.com/applicationskeleton/Skeleton) currently can create easy-to-access, easy-to-build, and easy-to-run bag-of-task, (iterative) map-reduce, and (iterative) multistage workflow applications. The tasks can be serial or parallel or a mix of both. We select three representative applications (Montage, BLAST, CyberShake Postprocessing), then describe and generate skeleton applications for each. We show that the skeleton applications have identical (or close) performance to that of the real applications. We then show examples of using skeleton applications to verify system optimizations such as data caching, I/O tuning, and task scheduling, as well as the system resilience mechanism, in some cases modifying the skeleton applications to emphasize some characteristic, and thus show that using skeleton applications simplifies the process of designing, implementing, and testing these optimizations.
Genetic linkage map of the interspecific grape rootstock cross Ramsey (Vitis champinii) × Riparia Gloire (Vitis riparia)

The first genetic linkage map of grape derived from rootstock parents was constructed using 188 progeny from a cross of Ramsey (Vitis champinii) x Riparia Gloire (V. riparia). Of 354 simple sequence repeat markers tested, 205 were polymorphic for at least one parent, and 57.6% were fully informative. Maps of Ramsey, Riparia Gloire, and the F1 population were created using JoinMap software, following a pseudotestcross strategy. The set of 205 SSRs allowed for the identification of all 19 Vitis linkage groups (2n=38), with a total combined map length of 1,304.7 cM, averaging 6.8 cM between markers. The maternal map consists of 172 markers aligned into 19 linkage groups (1,244.9 cM) while 126 markers on the paternal map cover 18 linkage groups (1,095.5 cM). The expected genome coverage is over 92%. Segregation distortion occurred in the Ramsey, Riparia Gloire, and consensus maps for 10, 13, and 16% of the markers, respectively. These distorted markers clustered primarily on the linkage groups 3, 5, 14 and 17. No genome-wide difference in recombination rate was observed between Ramsey and Riparia Gloire based on 315 common marker intervals. Fifty-four new Vitis-EST-derived SSR markers were mapped, and were distributed evenly across the genome on 16 of the 19 linkage groups. These dense linkage maps of two phenotypically diverse North American Vitis species are valuable tools for studying the genetics of many rootstock traits including nematode resistance, lime and salt tolerance, and ability to induce vigor.
Power Optimization with Performance Assurance for Multi-tier Applications in Virtualized Data Centers

Modern data centers must provide performance assurance for complex system software such as multi-tier web applications. In addition, the power consumption of data centers needs to be minimized to reduce operating costs and avoid system overheating. Various power-efficient performance management strategies have been proposed based on dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). Virtualization technologies have also made it possible to consolidate multiple virtual machines (VMs) onto a smaller number of active physical servers for even greater power savings, but at the cost of a higher overhead. This paper proposes a performance-controlled power optimization solution for virtualized data centers with multi-tier applications. While existing work relies on either DVFS or server consolidation in a separate manner, our solution utilizes both strategies for maximized power savings by integrating feedback control with optimization strategies. At the application level, a multi-input-multi-output controller is designed to achieve the desired performance for applications spanning multiple VMs, on a short time scale, by reallocating the CPU resources and DVFS. At the data center level, a power optimizer is proposed to incrementally consolidate VMs onto the most power-efficient servers on a longer time scale. Empirical results on a hardware testbed demonstrate that our solution can effectively achieve performance-assured power savings. Extensive simulation results, based on a trace file of 5,415 real servers, demonstrate the efficacy of our solution in large-scale data centers.
Anthryl-Substituted Heterocycles as Acid-Sensitive Fluorescence Probes

Four pH-sensitive fluorescence probes are presented which consist of an anthracene fluorophore and a π-conjugated oxazoline, benzoxazole, or pyridine substituent. The protonation of the heterocycle...
ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN Ia-LIKE ANTIGENS AND HETEROLOGOUS ANTI-HUMAN LYMPHOCYTE SERA

SUMMARY Serolgoical and immunochemical assays detected antibodies to human la-like antigens in five out of five rabbit antisera to cultured human B lymphoid cells but did not detect them in five bleedings from two rabbits immunized with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. These results, which may reflect differential immunogenicity of la-like antigens from different cells, indicate that the presence of anti la-like antibodies in heterologous antihuman lymphocyte sera is not a general phenomenon as reported recently for animal model systems.
Exercise and hypoxia increase sickling in venous blood from an exercising limb in individuals with Sickle cell trait

Purpose The association between sickle cell trait (SCT) and complications related to exercise may be explained if exercise-induced sickling interferes with capillary blood flow and causes tissue ischemia and functional abnormalities. To test this hypothesis, we measured sickling and blood gas values in venous and arterial blood of an exercising limb in subjects with SCT and in controls. Subjects and methods The study consisted of 15 subjects with hemoglobin AS (SCT group) and 15 subjects with hemoglobin AA (control group). Each performed two maximal arm crank exercise tests, one at 1,270 meters and one at simulated 4,000 meters. Results At 1,270 meters, axillary venous sickling increased significantly (p Conclusion We conclude that exercise at 1,270 meters slightly, albeit significantly, increased sickling in blood from an exercising limb and that simulated 4,000 meters dramatically potentiated this effect. Sickling in the effluent blood of an exercising limb does not appear to measurably affect overall maximal arm crank exercise performance.
Flow control technology for enhancement and diverse use of the marine environment

Abstract In the Seto Inland Sea there exist large-scale red tide and water mass anoxia due to the physical cause of water stagnancy. Our ongoing study aims to establish persistent flow control measures for a tidal basin. In this paper we discuss the possibility of improvement of water mass movements in a tidal basin through topography change and construction measures. The case studies were carried out with the Seto Inland Sea hydraulic model picking up the Osaka and the Beppu bays. The effects of topography changes at the bay mouth and on the sea floor for Osaka Bay and a dike construction at the bay mouth for Beppu Bay were examined for water mass exchanges, circulations, and mixing and advection of the river water discharged into these bays. These measures effectively alter the balance and patterns of circulations to help improve water movements in the stagnant regions of the basin concerned.
The Intifada and Political Discourse in Israel

The intifada has affected political discourse in Israel on several levels. On the one hand, since even most Israelis who favor territorial compromise and an accommodation with Palestinian nationalism believe the uprising must end before negotiations about the future of the West Bank and Gaza can begin, the last two years have seen intense debate about the appropriate means to employ in seeking to contain the Palestinian uprising. Many Israelis advocate the use of greater force to achieve this objective: calls for harsher measures against Palestinian protesters were routinely issued by candidates of right-wing political parties during the parliamentary election campaign of 1988. Geula Cohen of Tehiya, for example, stated that Israel should deport "hundreds, not just dozens" of Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza. Ariel Sharon replied to those insisting that "the IDF must remain scrupulously within the law" by stating that "existing laws should be changed if they do not empower the IDF to take sufficiently effective measures."1 Yet many other Israelis believe the military has already gone too far, employing force and violating human rights in the West Bank and Gaza on a scale that is both morally troubling and politically counterproductive. Prominent among those taking this position are soldiers who have served in the occupied territories and who complain that young Israelis were
Murder: Effects of number of killers and victim mutilation on simulated jurors’ judgments

Simulated jurors read a brief transcript of a jury trial involving a victim who had been beaten to death by either one or five killers. For half of the subjects in each condition, further information was given that the victim’s body was mutilated after death. Subjects assigned prison sentences and rated the crime and defendants on several scales. Results showed that murder followed by mutilization increased the severity of prison sentences by about 50 years. Attributions of insanity, evil nature of the crime, and attitude toward the death penalty also varied in an orderly manner as a result of the mutilation manipulation. It was concluded that simulated jury trials provide an excellent method for studying personal causation and attribution processes in general.
Power lines: the political context of nongovernmental organization (ngo) activity in el alto, bolivia

This article examines the changing relationships between the state, NGOs and impoverished residents in El Alto, an impoverished city on the periphery of La Paz. NGOs are understood as nominally private, non-profit agencies that act as intermediaries between financial donors and local residents and whose function is to implement projects favoring the so-called popular sectors. In practice, these distinctions are not so clear cut. NGOs are increasingly accommodating state policies, and groups that emerge from grassroots initiatives may take on NGO-like characteristics, as they seek financial support from international aid agencies. How, the article asks, has the shifting and blurring of organizational forms effected the ability of local people to represent themselves?
Variable Definitions of Professional Development Schools: A Desire or A Dilemma?

(1999). Variable Definitions of Professional Development Schools: A Desire or A Dilemma? Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 74, No. 3-4, pp. 33-41.
Measurements of Impurity Migration in Graphite at High Temperatures Using a Proton Microprobe

The migration of fission products and other impurities through the graphite core of a High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor is of prime importance in studies of reactor safety. Work in this area is being carried out in which graphite specimens are heated to temperatures up to ~ 3800°C to induce migration of trace elements whose local concentrations are then measured with a proton microprobe. This instrument is a powerful device for such work because of its ability to determine concentrations at a part per million (ppm) level in a circular area as small as 10 ?m while operating in an air environment. Studies show that Si, Ca, Cl, and Fe impurities in graphite migrate from hotter to cooler regions. Also Si, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Cr are observed to escape from the graphite and be deposited on cooler surfaces.
Cotton Growth under No-Till Production in the Lower Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Flood Plain

Declining profit margins have forced Mississippi Delta cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) producers to consider conservation tillage as a means of reducing production inputs. Due to limited experience and research with conservation tillage in the Mississippi Delta, our objectives were to determine how no-till production affected cotton growth, light interception, dry matter partitioning, yield, and fiber quality compared with conventional tillage. Six cotton genotypes were evaluated in no-till and conventional tillage systems in 1997 and 1998. Data for dry matter partitioning, light interception, bloom counts, nodes above white bloom (NAWB), lint yield, yield components, and fiber quality were collected. Slower emergence delayed development of the no-till cotton throughout both seasons. No-till plants averaged 42% less leaf area index (LAI) during prebloom and 27% less LAI at midbloom than plants in conventional tillage before recovering to have similar late-season LAI. Conventional tillage plants intercepted 28% more sunlight during prebloom and 17% more sunlight at midbloom before both tillage treatments reached canopy closure late in the season. Flower production and cutout (NAWB = 5) were delayed in no-till compared with conventional tillage. Lint yield was 11% lower in the no-till treatment than in conventional tillage due primarily to an 8% reduction in the number of bolls m -2 . Fiber quality traits were inconsistently altered by tillage treatments across years. The delayed blooming period of the no-till plants meant that these plants may have encountered slightly different weather during bloom, possibly contributing to the yield and fiber quality differences between treatments.
Ready4Changes.com: Preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial of a web‐based tailored approach for educating teens about human sexuality

Advances in artificial intelligence and computing technologies has made it entirely possible to provide personalized health education and individualized learning on a mass scale. Interactive web technology not only provides an opportunity to present tailored health information in a number of formats, but it also provides the greatest ability to toggle between modalities, further enhancing learners' experiences and understanding of the material. However, development and deployment of these types of approaches often requires a high capital overlay or initial investment. This cost, however, is often justified based on wide assumptions about its effectiveness for achieving learning outcomes (e.g., mastery and deeper understanding of the course material). But, while there is growing evidence about the efficacy of computer-tailoring and adaptive learning environments on learning, we have yet to fully understand the mechanisms by which this affects how individuals process information. This paper presents preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial testing effects of a tailored educational site on human sexuality on the comprehension and elaboration of the health content by middle schoolers. The project is one of the first attempts to systematically tease out the effective components of a tailored health education website and to examine its effects singly and in combination on the comprehension of a complex health domain.
A PERIPHERAL ACTION OF O,P' -DDD ON STEROID BIOTRANSFORMATION.

The in vivo transformation of 3β, 17-dihydroxy-Δ5-pregnene-20-one-7α-H3 was studied in 2 patients before and during administration of 2,2-bis[2-chlorophenyl-4-chlorophenyl]1,1-dichloroethane (o,p′-DDD). The drug diminished biotransformation to pregnane-3α-17,20α-triol, while the formation of Δ5-pregnene-3β,17,20α-triol was unchanged. These results, together with an earlier report, establish that o,p′-DDD, in addition to suppressing adrenocortical secretion, acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme systems responsible for transformation of a 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid to its 3α-hydroxypregnane analog. The inhibition is probably directed toward a 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase.
Production of Ganaspidium utilis (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) for biological control of Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae).

Abstract A method for rearing the Liriomyza leafminer parasitoid Ganaspidium utilis Beardsley (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) is described. ‘Henderson’ bush lima beans, Phaseolus limensis var. limenanus L. H. Bailey, were planted in vermiculite in six 20 × 14 × 35.5-cm2 plastic bags. After 10 to 11 days the plants were exposed to 500 to 600 adult Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) for 24 h and then placed in a holding cage for 4 days at 22°C. Plants containing second instar L. trifolii were exposed to G. utilis for 48 h. Emergence of parasitoids occurred 24 to 33 days after exposure. The number of G. utilis emerging per bag of beans was 403 ± 29 ( X ± SEM ; n = 15) ; 51% of these were females. Recurring cost of production of 5000 parasitoids per day was estimated at $36 for G. utilis compared with $97 for another leafminer parasitoid, Diglyphus begini Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).
Consonant Confusions Associated with Hearing Loss Above 2000 HZ.

A 100-item test for the identification of phonemes was presented to two groups of listeners. One group consisted of 35 patients with normal hearing up to 2000 Hz accompanied by a high-tone loss. Th...
The Mentally Retarded Offender: Prevalence Rates Based on Individual Versus Group Intelligence Tests

A random sample of 10% of Florida's mentally retarded inmates were individually tested with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT), the Revised Beta, and the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Results indicated that prevalence rates of retardation were approximately 1% when identification was based on individually administered IQ tests (the WAIS or Beta) as contrasted with the 4% prevalence rate established by entry-level group IQ testing. Entry-level group testing seriously overestimates the prevalence of retardation in prison. The process by which group tests are administered may contribute more to the increased prevalence rate than the type of test administered. Problems associated with group testing and suggestions for remediation are discussed. Program needs of the retarded are important and must be considered by the prison. It does not help to identify an inmate as retarded if adequate habilitation programs are not available.
The effect of early versus late fasciotomy in the management of extremity trauma.

Abstract Background . Recent reports have demonstrated an increase in the number of complications associated with delayed timing of fasciotomy for trauma. This study examines the effectiveness of early (less than 12 hours) versus late (more than 12 hours) fasciotomy in the injured extremity. Methods . This is a retrospective review of 88 patients undergoing fasciotomy for extremity trauma admitted to the University of Cincinnati from January 1990 through December 1995. Records were reviewed for demographics, compartment pressures, time and type of fasciotomy, complications, limb salvage, and mortality. Statistical analysis was determined with chi-squared, multivariant regression analysis, and Student's t test with significance at p less than 0.05. Results . Sixty-one (69%) patients had fasciotomy performed before 12 hours and twenty-seven (31%) after 12 hours. Although the rates of infection differed significantly between the two groups (7.3% for early versus 28% for late), the rates of limb salvage and neurologic sequelae were similar. Age, mechanism, shock, associated injuries, and time to fasciotomy were not predictive of complications. Conclusions . Fasciotomy for trauma is most efficacious when performed early. However, when performed late, it results in similar rates of limb salvage as compared with early fasciotomy but at the increased risk of infection. These results support aggressive use of fasciotomy in extremity trauma regardless of time of diagnosis.
Growth kinetics of γ2 crystals on mercury-plated Ag3Sn†

Previous work has shown that needles of gamma 2 crystals form when mercury is plated on the surface of an Ag3Sn specimen. In the present study, the growth kinetics of gamma 2 needles were investigated from room temperature to 50 degrees C for varying amounts of plated mercury. Straight-line relationships between crystal length and the square root of the time of growth showed that the growth rate is diffusion controlled. The growth rate increased with temperature up to 40 degrees C but decreased at higher temperatures. Further, as the temperature was increased, fewer gamma 2 crystals formed and their growth length decreased. This demonstrates that a number of competing factors are involved in the growth process at high temperatures.
Whispering gallery mode based optoelectronic microwave oscillator

Abstract Properties of the optoelectronic microwave oscillator (OEO) based on an optical whispering gallery mode lithium niobate disc cavity are studied theoretically. We show that the threshold of the oscillation of this device may be as low as 1 mW, and its frequency stability (Allan deviation) may be as small as 10−15/t 1/2 for reasonable experimental conditions. The properties of resonant and non-resonant OEOs are compared. Preliminary experimental results on the whispering gallery mode OEO are reported.
Admission Control Algorithm for Multimedia On-Demand Servers

Future advances in networking coupled with the rapid advances in storage technologies will make it feasible to build a multimedia on-demand server on a metropolitan-area network. However, the economic viability of such a multimedia on-demand server is dependent on the ability to amortize its operational costs over a large number of clients. In this paper, we present a taxonomy of policies for servicing multiple clients, and propose round robin and quality proportional admission control algorithms for determining whether a retrieval request from a new client can be admitted without violating the real-time requirements of any of the clients already being serviced. We evaluate the performance of various servicing policies, and show that they are an order of magnitude scalable compared to straightforward multiplexing techniques such as servicing one subscriber per disk head.
Anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta

Five cases of anomalous origin of the right pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta were seen at our hospital. Patients 1 and 2 had an intact right pulmonary artery originating from a right posterior aspect (proximal form), and primary anastomosis of the right pulmonary artery and main pulmonary trunk was performed. Patients 3 and 4 showed a narrowing right pulmonary artery originating from near the base of the innominate artery (distal form). The stenotic right pulmonary artery was reconstructed with an 8-mm graft in patient 3, whereas patient 4 became inoperable because complete obstruction had developed in the right pulmonary artery during the 3 months that the patient was waiting to undergo operation. In patient 5, primary anastomosis was undertaken, but morphologically the anomalous origin was of the distal form, so the occurrence of stenosis in the reconstructed right pulmonary artery was a matter of concern. The morphological type was found to be related to the surgical options in this anomaly. Therefore, primary anastomosis was considered the best choice for a correction of the proximal form, whereas a graft interposition with a resection of the stenotic portion on the right pulmonary artery was deemed preferable in the distal form.
Brief report #3: building a rural community caregiver network: student learning in small town America

The Rural Caregiver Network Project in Eastern Maine is a prime example of indigenous coalition-building in a region struggling to ensure that vulnerable older adults can age-in-place and manage with scarce resources. Through this innovative initiative, a range of elder caregiver interventions were mobilized, coordinated, and sustained in a rural two-county region in Maine, including navigator services, adult day care, information and referral, caregiver support groups, a caregiver resource center, and caregiver skills-building workshops. The endorsement of participatory research, evaluation, and programming principles enabled undergraduate and graduate social work students to assume major roles in all aspects of project planning, implementation, and assessment while remaining grounded in the realities of rural life. Competence in such a generalist gerontological social work practice perspective is critical in small towns and nonmetropolitan communities.
Time-averaged observations of the sun with a 3840 Å filter

Observations of the Sun with a 3840 A interference filter of 12 A full-width at half-maximum are compared with broad band filtergrams at 5300 A and 6103 A magnetograms. The limit for detecting faculae by the three techniques is compared. An improvement in detecting faculae at 3840 A can be obtained by time-averaged photographs with the time-averaging done either at the telescope or in the darkroom. The former method has certain disadvantages. The 3840 A filter can show the presence of faculae near the limb much better than white-light photographs or magnetograms. This feature makes 3840 A filtergrams useful in conjunction with solar oblateness studies.
Wearing the third hat: Athol Fugard as director

(2006). Wearing the third hat: Athol Fugard as director. South African Theatre Journal: Vol. 20, Directors and Directing in South African Theatre, pp. 206-220.
Radiation of hot atomic hydrogen

A nonlinear collisional-radiative model for the determination of nonequilibrium production of electrons, ions, excited atoms, and spectral and continuum line intensities in stationary partially-ionized atomic hydrogen is presented. Transport of radiation is included by coupling the rate equations for production of the electrons and excited atoms with the radiation escape factors which are not constant but depend on plasma conditions.
In vitro fertilization and gamete micromanipulation in the lowland gorilla.

Our purpose was to utilize current reproductive technologies to treat an infertile female lowland gorilla.
Understanding the psychometric properties of the humor assessment instrument through an analysis of the relationships between teacher humor assessment and instructional communication variables in the college classroom

The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the newly developed Humor Assessment (HA) instrument. Previous research (Wrench & McCroskey, 2001) noted a construct validity problem with the Humor Orientation (HO) scale created by M. Booth‐Butterfield and S. Booth‐Butterfield (1991). This study examined the relationships between the HA, which corrects the construct validity problem seen in the HO, and affective learning, nonverbal immediacy, cognitive learning, learning loss, student motivation, and teacher credibility.
Culture of Detached Spikes and the Early Development of the Fourth Floret Caryopsis in Wheat

Summary The distal florets of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Waldron) do not normally set seed. Cytological evidence indicated that the ovule of the fourth floret is fertilized, the caryopsis begins to develop, and then aborts 3–5 days post fertilization. Wheat spikes cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog (1962) media with 3 % sucrose produced viable seeds comparable in weight to intact controls. Cultured spikes produced three times as many distal floret seeds as intact controls. Timing of culture and the supply of additional nutrient is critical in the production of distal floret seeds. Lack of nutrient inhibits grain fill.
Cutaneous metastasis to the chest wall from prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy in men in the United States. However, skin metastasis from prostate carcinoma is extremely uncommon. Here, we present a 75-year-old Caucasian man with a history of metastatic prostate cancer developing multiple subcutaneous, erythematous nodules over the left anterior chest over a 3-month period. A fine needle aspiration of a subcutaneous nodule showed neoplastic cells consistent with metastatic prostate cancer. This case represents only the fourth reported case of cutaneous metastasis from prostate cancer to the chest wall and the ninth case outside the inguinal area.
Derivation of cranial neural crest-like cells from human embryonic stem cells

The neural crest is a transient population of multipotent progenitors contributing to a diverse array of tissues throughout the vertebrate embryo. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are able to form embryoid body and spontaneously differentiate to various lineages, following a reproducible temporal pattern of development that recapitulates early embryogenesis. Embryoid bodies were triturated and the dissociated cells were processed for fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), and more than 1% of cells were identified as frizzled-3(+)/cadherin-11(+). Expression of marker genes associated with various terminal fates was detected for chondrocytes, glia, neurons, osteoblasts and smooth muscles, indicating that the FACS-sorted frizzled-3(+)/cadherin-11(+) cells were multipotent progenitor cells capable of differentiating to fates associated with cranial neural crest. Moreover, the sorted cells were able to self-renew and maintain multipotent differentiation potential. The derivation of cranial neural crest-like multipotent progenitor cells from ES cells provides a new tool for cell lineage analysis of neural crest in vitro.