cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Pressure Flow Relationship in Model of Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis

Simultaneous measurement of pressure and flow rate has been found to be helpful in evaluating the physiologic significance of obstructive coronary artery disease and in the diagnosis of microvascular disease. This experimental study seeks to find important pressure-flow relationship in an in-vitro model of significant coronary artery stenoses using a non-Newtonian liquid, similar to blood showing a shear thinning behavior, using significant stenotic in-vitro model (minimal area stenosis = 90%). The geometry for the stenotic model is based on data provided in an in vivo study by Wilson et al., (1988). For 90% area stenosis, the maximum recorded pressure drop for steady flow rate of 55, 79 and 89 are 14, ~24 and ~32 mmHg respectively. The maximum pressure drop at flow rate of 115 ml/min (the physiological limit) is 50.3 mmHg respectively. Using a power law curve fit, the maximum pressure drop (in mmHg) related with flow rate (in ml/min) provided a power law index of 1.72. Shorter distal length than required in the in-vitro model did not allow the recording of complete pressure recovery. This preliminary data provides reference values for further experimentation both in vitro with pulsatile flow as in physiological conditions, and in vivo.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) as a diagnostic tool in the intensive care unit

Background Autopsy studies confirm that many intensive care unit (ICU) patients die from unrecognized sources of abdominal sepsis or ischemia. Computed tomography (CT) scans can be of limited use for these diagnoses and difficult to obtain in critically ill patients who require significant support for transport. Bedside laparoscopy has been described but still is cumbersome to perform. Bedside flexible endoscopy as a diagnostic tool or for placement of gastrostomy tubes is a standard ICU procedure. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) can provide access to the peritoneal cavity as a bedside procedure and may decrease the number of patients with unrecognized intra-abdominal catastrophic events.
Cavity quantum electrodynamics with quantum interference in a three-level atomic system.

Quantum interference and enhanced dispersion in three-level atoms (V-type) inside an optical cavity interacting with a single mode field can substantially reduce radiative and cavity decay rates to eliminate the use of miniaturized cavity
Exploring knowledge sharing in ERP implementation: an organizational culture framework

This is a multi-site case study of firms that have implemented enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. It examines eight dimensions of culture and their impact on how ERP implementation teams are able to effectively share knowledge across diverse functions and perspectives during ERP implementation. Through synthesizing the data, we develop a cultural configuration that shows the dimensions of culture that best facilitate knowledge sharing in ERP implementation. The results also indicate ways that firms may overcome cultural barriers to knowledge sharing. A model is developed that demonstrates the link between the dimensions of culture and knowledge sharing during ERP implementation. Possible research questions on which future research can be based are also identified.
Knowtator: A Protégé plug-in for annotated corpus construction

A general-purpose text annotation tool called Knowtator is introduced. Knowtator facilitates the manual creation of annotated corpora that can be used for evaluating or training a variety of natural language processing systems. Building on the strengths of the widely used Protege knowledge representation system, Knowtator has been developed as a Protege plug-in that leverages Protege's knowledge representation capabilities to specify annotation schemas. Knowtator's unique advantage over other annotation tools is the ease with which complex annotation schemas (e.g. schemas which have constrained relationships between annotation types) can be defined and incorporated into use. Knowtator is available under the Mozilla Public License 1.1 at http://bionlp.sourceforge.net/Knowtator.
Relaxation of pubic symphysis of the mouse during the estrous cycle and pseudopregnancy.

SummaryX-ray photographs were taken of the pubic symphyses of mice at various stages of the estrous cycle and the separations of the pubic bones were measured. Significant relaxation occurred during estrus. No change in separation could be detected during artificially induced pseudopregnancy even when the uteri were stimulated to produce deciduomata.
Electrically Coupled Loop Antenna as an implanted antenna

There are many challenges involved with the implanted antenna designs including but not limited to the miniaturization of a wideband antenna and reducing the specific absorption rate, SAR, of a miniaturized antenna. Most of the proposed antennas for implanted applications are electric antennas such as planar inverted-F antenna, PIFA. By miniaturizing the size of an electric antenna the electric field intensity in the antenna near zone will increase resulting in higher SAR. This work is trying to design a miniaturized magnetic type antenna to overcome the SAR limitations for small implanted antennas.
A constituency theory perspective of human resources effectiveness

Recent interest in constituency theory, coupled with the concern of the quality movement for meeting the needs of the internal and external “customers” of organizations leads HR managers to think about their jobs in terms of the stakeholders or constituents who have influence or impact on HR job performance. When the HR job is considered in terms of its any constituents, it becomes apparent that within any organization there are many different interacting groups that HR managers must satisfy, or who have rights or a stake in what HR does. Moreover, each comes with distinct and sometimes conflicting needs. Discusses the importance of HR constituencies and how they can affect the HR function′s ability to operate successfully, and to use theory to suggest how the HR manager can retain effectiveness in a setting characterized by pressures from competing constituencies.
Adolescents’ Perceptions and Standards of Their Relationships with Their Parents as a Function of Sociometric Status

This study examined adolescents' cognitions of their relationships with their parents as a function of sociometric status. The adolescents' subjective views of their relationships with their mothers and fathers were assessed with respect to seven relationship qualities (general warmth, displays of warmth, intimate self-disclosure, parental monitoring, conflict, instrumental aid, and provisions of autonomy) across two cognition types: perceptions (beliefs about “how things are”) and standards (beliefs about “how things should be”). The participants were sixth-, eighth-, tenth-, and twelfth-grade students. Peer sociometric status was determined based on unlimited peer nominations completed by 462 participants. The 190 adolescents classified as average, popular, or rejected were included in the analyses. Perceptions and standards were shown to be distinct but related cognitions. Rejected adolescents differed from their more accepted peers in their perceptions of relationships with both mothers and fathers, specifically with regard to warmth from both parents and autonomy from mothers. Rejected adolescents also reported lower standards for parental monitoring and a range of support qualities from both parents. In addition, rejected adolescents' reports demonstrated greater perception-standard discrepancies, indicating unmet standards. Overall, sociometric status group differences were more pronounced and consistent for standards than for perceptions, and most status group differences occurred primarily among older adolescents. Findings are discussed in terms of social cognitive patterns associated with peer rejection and developmental changes in family–peer linkages across adolescence.
Managing mental health professionals: An alternative future

Professionals working in formal organizations often find that their values and expectations differ from those of their employers. Two methods are suggested for minimizing the resultant conflict and increasing the job satisfaction of professionals.
Increase in levels of total free fatty acids in rat brain regions following 3-nitropropionic acid administration.

Acute exposure to a neurotoxin, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA), in rats results in an increase in total free fatty acid (FFA) concentration in selective brain regions. We investigated the effect of 3-NPA administration on the cerebral concentrations of FFA used as a marker of oxidative stress. Rats (n = 3/group) were dosed subcutaneously (s.c.) either with a vehicle (phosphate buffer) or 3-NPA in phosphate buffer at 30 mg/kg body weight. Animals were sacrificed after 1, 2, 3, and 6 h of injection. Brains were then dissected into frontal cortex (FC), caudate nucleus (CN), and hippocampus (HIP). The concentration of total FFA increased from 130 to 300% within 1-2 h after 3-NPA injection in all brain regions when compared with the baseline level obtained from the control rats and taken as 100%. In CN, FFA returned to the baseline level within 3 h of treatment. However, in FC and HIP the concentration of FFA remained significantly elevated above the baseline until 6 h. The released FFA provide a substrate for free radicals formation. The results of this study suggest a role of oxidative stress in the mechanism of 3-NPA toxicity.
Application of genetic neural networks to real-time intersection accident detection using acoustic signals

A genetic neural network (GNN) classification method using acoustic signals is proposed for real-time accident detection at intersections. Back-propagation neural networks (BPNNs) have been widely used in pattern classification. They have fast computation speeds that are desirable for real-time detection systems. However, they tend to converge to local optimums, which consequently affects classification accuracy. The proposed GNN uses a genetic algorithm to improve the global searching ability of BPNNs. GNN performance (i.e., detection rate, false alarm rate, and detection time) is compared with that of a widely used probabilistic neural network (PNN). Test results indicate that the GNN performs comparably to a PNN but with much less computation time. Results of the GNN transferability analysis indicate that the GNN method also is robust and can be successfully applied to intersection accident detection with training data from different sources. Computationally inexpensive and highly accurate, the new GNN...
Combinatorial electrochemical cell array for high throughput screening of micro-fuel-cells and metal/air batteries

An electrochemical cell array was designed that contains a common air electrode and 16 microanodes for high throughput screening of both fuel cells (based on polymer electrolyte membrane) and metal/air batteries (based on liquid electrolyte). Electrode materials can easily be coated on the anodes of the electrochemical cell array and screened by switching a graphite probe from one cell to the others. The electrochemical cell array was used to study direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including high throughput screening of electrode catalysts and determination of optimum operating conditions. For screening of DMFCs, there is about 6% relative standard deviation (percentage of standard deviation versus mean value) for discharge current from 10to20mA∕cm2. The electrochemical cell array was also used to study tin/air batteries. The effect of Cu content in the anode electrode on the discharge performance of the tin/air battery was investigated. The relative standard deviations for screening of metal/air batter...
Effect of a total smoking ban in a maximum security psychiatric hospital

An archival study was performed in a maximum security forensic hospital to evaluate the effects of a total ban on smoking and all tobacco products. One hundred and forty patients were characterized as nonsmokers or light, moderate or heavy smokers. Patient records for the four weeks prior to the ban were compared with their records for the four weeks subsequent to the ban. Numbers of sick calls, total disruptive behaviors and verbal aggression declined markedly and significantly following the ban in those patients previously classified as moderate or heavy smokers. Weight increased significantly, but almost equally regardless of previous smoking status. Patients, and eventually staff, tolerated the smoking ban without significant negative effects. Patients relied very little on treatment modalities to alleviate nicotine withdrawal. Pre-ban apprehension by staff and patients dissipated with time after the smoking ban started. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A continuous-time switched-current /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator with reduced loop delay

A novel architecture for a second-order continuous-time switched-current /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator is presented. The loop delay is reduced by predicting the states of the second integrator and feeding the predicted states to the comparator. The predicted states are generated by summing three scaled current mode signals. A gain-manager is used to accurately control the integrator gain to generate the predicted states and stabilize the system. A newly designed high-speed current-mode comparator is capable of summing the three scaled current inputs and comparing them. With a 50 MHz sampling rate, it has achieved 60 dB dynamic range (10-bit) at 1 MHz. The modulator has been fabricated in a 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process with an active area of 0.37 mm/sup 2/. The power dissipation is 16.6 mW from a 5 V single power supply.
Macrophage-produced muramyl peptide contaminants as adjuvants in cell-transfer experiments.

Abstract Several studies have shown that immunologically-active cells can substitute for adjuvants to initiate autoimmune disease. However, it has been shown that these cells normally contain active adjuvant compounds. Thus, those cellular experiments which have claimed to be adjuvant-free are at least potentially adjuvant-stimulated.
Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance of [MTBD][beti]-Encapsulated Nanoporous NiPt Alloy Nanoparticles

Recent advances in oxygen reduction reaction catalysis for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) include i) the use of electrochemical dealloying to produce high surface area and sometimes nanoporous catalysts with a Pt-enriched outer surface, and ii) the observation that oxygen reduction in nanoporous materials can be potentially enhanced by confinement effects, particularly if the chemical environment within the pores can bias the reaction toward completion. Here, these advances are combined by incorporating a hydrophobic, protic ionic liquid, [MTBD][beti], into the pores of high surface-area NiPt alloy nanoporous nanoparticles (np-NiPt/C + [MTBD][beti]). The high O2 solubility of the [MTBD][beti], in conjunction with the confined environment within the pores, biases reactant O2 toward the catalytic surface, consistent with an increased residence time and enhanced attempt frequencies, resulting in improved reaction kinetics. Half-cell measurements show the np-NiPt/C+[MTBD][beti] encapsulated catalyst to be nearly an order of magnitude more active than commercial Pt/C, a result that is directly translated into operational PEMFCs.
A Comparison of Transient and Steady State Finite Element Analyses of the Forced Response of a Frictionally Damped Beam

Developpement d'une nouvelle methode pour le calcul de la reponse en regime stationnaire des structures amorties par frottement, qui est compatible avec les codes par element fini existants. Resultats montrant, par simulation d'une poutre d'essai, que la precision de la methode est acceptable dans le cas d'un amortisseur essentiellement rigide et amelioree quand la flexibilite de l'amortisseur devient plus comparable a celle de la poutre d'essai
The disposition of patients who served as controls in a behavior modification experiment

Follow-up data for 40 psychotic patients were evaluated 32 months after participation in a short-term behavior modification experiment to determine if adverse effects were associated with a control procedure. Control subjects ( N =20) who subsequently received behaviorally based treatment did not differ from experimental subjects ( N =20) in terms of ( a ) months to release, ( b ) months out of the hospital, or ( c ) number of patients never released. These results suggest that a particular control procedure—noncontingent reinforcement—did not have irreversible adverse effects and should help diminish fears based on ethical considerations regarding methodology in behavior experiments with human subjects.
Properties of anti-Lyb-2-mediated B-cell activation and the relationship between Lyb-2 molecules and receptors for B-cell stimulatory factor-1 on murine B lymphocytes.

Abstract The murine B-cell differentiation antigen Lyb-2 has been shown to be involved in B-lymphocyte activation and has been postulated by some to be related to a receptor for B-cell stimulatory factor I (BSF-1) (H. Yakura et al., J. Immunol. 137 , 1475, 1986). Here we have demonstrated that monoclonal antibody (mAB) to Lyb-2 resembles BSF-1 in its ability to activate small resting B cells and enhancement of surface Ia. Anti-Lyb-2 antibodies bound B cells with very high avidity and were able to induce mobilization of cytosolic-free calcium. Anti-Lyb-2 mAB differs from BSF-1 in that BSF-1 but not anti-Lyb-2 is able to synergize with anti-μ in induction of B-cell proliferation. The relation between Lyb-2 molecules and BSF-1 receptors was tested in assays that measure binding of anti-Lyb-2 or BSF-1 in B cells and were found not to compete with each other. It appears that the two B-cell agonists anti-Lyb-2 and BSF-1 may exert their effects on B cells through different cell surface moieties as well as different intracellular pathways.
Multipulse-Like Orbits for a Singularly Perturbed Nearly Integrable System

Abstract We use topological shooting arguments to study the existence of multipulse-like orbits for a singularly perturbed 3-dimensional dynamical system established as a model problem for the 1-dimensional complex Ginzburg–Landau equations. Our main result improves an earlier result obtained by Doelman and Hek.
Mentoring and Human Resource Development: Where We Are and Where We Need to Go

The problem and the solution. Although mentoring theory, research, and practice have begun to mature, relatively few articles on mentoring have appeared in the human resource development (HRD) literature. The purpose of this article is to examine past theory, research, and practice on mentoring through the lens of HRD, in order to identify gaps in what is known about mentoring that are relevant to HRD professionals. After reviewing core aspects of mentoring central to all domains of HRD, the authors summarize key issues that have been studied regarding mentoring and career development, organization development, and training and development, proposing new directions for future research. The authors conclude with a research agenda that identifies where researchers need to go with mentoring research and HRD to better inform the practice of mentoring in organizations.
Flow cytometric sperm sorting and PCR to confirm separation of X‐ and Y‐chromosome bearing bovine sperm

Abstract The successful separation of X‐ and Y‐chromosome bearing sperm is dependent on the accurate assessment of their proportion in a population. In this study, their proportion was determined by molecular genetic analysis of hundreds of single sperm or by flow cytometric measurement of thousands of sperm. Separation was achieved by staining the DNA of bovine sperm with a viable dye, Hoechst 33342, to enable flow cytometric resolution and sorting of purified X or Y sperm populations. The resulting proportions of X and Y sperm (sort purities) have routinely been determined by flow cytometric reanalysis of the sorted sperm for their DNA content and subsequent curve fitting. Additional sort purity validation can now be achieved through molecular genetic analysis of single sperm. In this report individual X‐ and Y‐bearing intact sperm, prepared from neat semen, were sorted based on their total DNA content. The highly conserved zinc finger allele which resides on both the X and Y chromosome (zfx and zfy) wa...
Anisotropic explosions of hydrogen clusters under intense femtosecond laser irradiation.

We report on measurements of ion energy distributions from hydrogen clusters irradiated by intense laser pulses of duration 40 and 250 fs. Contrary to the predictions of a simple Coulomb explosion model, we observe a pronounced spatial anisotropy of the ion energies from these explosions with the highest energy ions ejected along the laser polarization direction. The origin of the anisotropy is distinct from that previously seen in clusters of high $Z$ atoms such as Ar and Xe. Furthermore, a measured increase in ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ion energy when longer, lower intensity pulses are employed suggests that multiple-pass, vacuum heating of the cluster electrons is important in the deposition of energy by the laser.
Semiconductor Technology-Trends, Challenges and Opportunities

Traditional CMOS scaling, which was driving device performance during the past several decades, is approaching atomistic and quantum-mechanical boundaries. Semiconductor R&D innovation have never been more critical to drive technology scaling and performance. The development of leading-edge silicon technology requires long-term investments and collaboration in fundamental research to solve the significant challenges of the future technology nodes at an affordable cost. Computational techniques will be a critical tool in this effort. This talk will describe the semiconductor technology future directions, challenges and opportunities.
Small‐angle neutron scattering from two‐phase polymeric systems

A small-angle neutron scattering method is presented for the determination of single-chain scattering functions in heterogeneous two-phase polymeric materials such as incompatible polymer blends and microphase-separated diblock copolymers. Development of the method makes use of both the discrete and continuum approaches to scattering theory. In this fashion it is shown that extraction of the single-chain scattering function requires only two experimental observations, regardless of the compressibility of the system. These experiments consist of small-angle neutron scattering profiles from two samples: an unlabeled two-phase material and a similar two-phase material in which a portion of the molecules in one phase have been replaced by molecules which are contrast labeled by isotopic deuterium substitution. Anticipated difficulties associated with actual application of the procedure and requirements of the necessary experimental samples are discussed.
Effect of shock intensity on the retention of an avoidance response

Three groups of 60 rats were given 40 trials of standard shuttle-avoidance conditioning with a tone CS and a shock intensity of.4,.8, or 1.6 mA. Within each group, four subgroups were matched on the number of avoidances during acquisition and given retention tests of 20 trials at 5 min, 1, 4, or 24 h after training. The terminal level of acquisition performance was an inverted-U-shaped function of the shock intensity, and performance during retention tests was a U-shaped function of the retention interval, with the minimum occurring at 1 h for the.8-mA shock group and at 4 h for the.4- and 1.6-mA shock groups.
Working within the Context of Three-Tiered Models of Prevention: Using Schoolwide Data to Identify High School Students for Targeted Supports.

This article addressed 3 objectives for assisting the research and teaching communities in developing 3-tiered models of prevention at the high school level. The authors first established the benefit of using systematic behavior screening tools within the context of 3-tiered models to identify and support high school students with academic and behavioral challenges. Second, they offered a structure for linking students demonstrating need with secondary (Tier 2) supports. Third, they provided illustrations of systematic approaches to detect high school students for whom primary prevention efforts were inadequate according to academic and behavioral data. The authors conclude by offering considerations for school psychologists assisting school-site teams with implementing, monitoring, and sustaining these procedures as part of regular school practices.
Dynamic Authentication-Key Re-assignment for Reliable Report Delivery

Sensor networks deployed in hostile environments are subject to various types of attacks. While multipath routing and en-route authentication schemes have been proposed to defend packet dropping and injection attacks respectively, it is challenging to defend both at the same time. The paper addresses this problem through an annulus based authentication-key reassignment scheme in multipath routing with en-route authentication. Our experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves better trade-offs in true report delivery, false report filtering and energy consumption.
Judgment in Older Adults with Normal Cognition, Cognitive Complaints, MCI, and Mild AD: Relation to Regional Frontal Gray Matter.

We investigated regional gray matter (GM) reduction as a predictor of judgment ability in 120 non-depressed older adults with varying degrees of cognitive complaints and/or impairment (including those with MCI and mild AD). Participants underwent neuropsychological assessment, including the Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J), a recently developed instrument that evaluates judgment and problem solving related to safety, medical, social/ethical, and financial issues. Structural MR scanning included T1-weighted SPGR volumes acquired at 1.5 Tesla. We used voxel-based morphometry to analyze the relationship between GM density and TOP-J scores, controlling for age, education, gender, intracranial volume, verbal memory, and crystallized knowledge. Consistent with our hypothesis, judgment ability correlated with GM density in prefrontal regions (left inferior and superior frontal gyri). Findings extend previous observations of frontal involvement in higher-order cognitive abilities/executive functions and provide initial validation of the TOP-J’s sensitivity to the integrity of these brain regions in individuals at risk for dementia.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the vibrational relaxation of I2 in Xe on an ab initio-based potential function

Abstract A potential function based on ab initio calculations has been developed for use in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the vibrational relaxation of I 2 in xenon. The results from classical equilibrium and nonequilibrium MD simulations on the new potential suggest that the relaxation time, T 1 , is more than 10 times longer than that obtained with previous potentials and is in good agreement with experimental results. Mechanistic information indicates that the relaxation mechanism is similar for both potential functions. A robust method for evaluating the Fourier transform of the force autocorrelation function is used to extract T 1 from the equilibrium MD simulations.
Lucas-Washburn Kinetics for Capillary Penetration between Periodically Corrugated Plates

Abstract Capillary rise of a liquid between two sinusoidally corrugated plates in a gravitational field is examined in order to study the effect of structural variations perpendicular to the direction of penetration on the rate of capillary penetration. A simplified approach, using the assumptions of the Lucas-Washburn model (1, 2) for kinetics of capillary rise in an isolated cylindrical capillary, is used to calculate the rate of penetration of a liquid from an infinite reservoir into the capillary. It is found that the penetration rate is strongly dependent on the geometrical parameters. Increasing the amplitude of corrugation leads to a significant increase in the time necessary to achieve the equilibrium rise height even though the "effective" capillary gap width remains unchanged. These results emphasize the significance of microstructural information in determining capillary penetration behavior of porous materials.
Enhancing Food-Safety Education through Shared Teaching Resources

ABSTRACT The American public is concerned about food safety, and there is a growing realization that we are ill equipped to handle major food-borne illness outbreaks and bioterrorism. Since veterinary medicine plays an important role in assuring the safety of our nation's food supply, we would like to present to veterinary and public health educators a newly emerging resource for food-safety educational materials. This article describes an integrative collaborative approach for the creation and dissemination of engaging food-safety teaching resources for veterinary faculty. This USDA-funded project, Design to Dissemination: Developing Materials and Repository for Integrative Veterinary Food Safety Education, involves expert teachers in diverse fields and from many veterinary schools. The purpose of the project is to create materials that teach students food safety from farm to fork, and it offers teachers clinically relevant teaching resources that are difficult to create or locate. The educational materi...
Periodicity of Leucocytozoon smithi Gametocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Domestic Turkeys

Gametocytes of Leucocytozoon smithi exhibited a cyclic activity both in cardiac and peripheral blood of domestic turkeys during a given 24-hr. period. Peak parasitemias occurred from 0800 to 2000 hr., and mean low parasitemias from 2200 to 0400. The most prominent feeding period of the vector Simulium slossonae coincided with the period of elevated parasitemia in the turkey host.
Costalero Quiero Ser! Autobiographical Memory and the Oral Life Story of a Holy Week Brother in Southern Spain

Concepts from the study of autobiographical memory in cognitive psychology are used to analyze portions of a life history narrative in order to examine the underlying memory behaviors. The analysis gives a view of personal memories as on-line reconstructions, shaped up in service of current emotional states and personal concerns, and em- ployed in negotiating present social and cultural environ- ments. Also considered is the effect that telling a memory has on future rememberings. The life history is the story of an An- dalusian Holy Week brother's transitionfrom marching in the annual procession to carrying the ritualfloat as a costalero.
Distinct nuclear genes for yeast mitochondrial and cytoplasmic methionyl-tRNA synthetases.

Total methionine-tRNA synthetases from wild type Saccharomycescerevisiae can be fractionated on hydroxylapatite into two peaks: Peak I is the mitochondrial, peak II the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. The specificity towards various tRNAs and the antigenic determinants are not identical. A mutant strain, known for its altered cytoplasmic enzyme, contains a mitochondrial species with the same properties as the wild type mitochondrial enzyme, as well as a cytoplasmic isoenzyme with a KM for methionine about 300 times higher than the corresponding wild type enzyme. Another strain, obtained by back-crossing the mutant with a wild type strain, retains the enzyme pattern found in the mutant. The results are in favor of two distinct nuclear genes for yeast mitochondrial and cytoplasmic methionyl-tRNA synthetases.
Doping Rules and Doping Prototypes in A2BO4 Spinel Oxides

A2BO4 spinels constitute one of the largest groups of oxides, with potential applications in many areas of technology, including (transparent) conducting layers in solar cells. However, the electrical properties of most spinel oxides remain unknown and poorly controlled. Indeed, a significant bottleneck hindering widespread use of spinels as advanced electronic materials is the lack of understanding of the key defects rendering them as p-type or n-type conductors. By applying first-principles defect calculations to a large number of spinel oxides the major trends controlling their dopability are uncovered. Anti-site defects are the main source of electrical conductivity in these compounds. The trends in anti-sites transition levels are systemized, revealing fundamental “doping rules”, so as to guide practical doping of these oxides. Four distinct doping types (DTs) emerge from a high-throughput screening of a large number of spinel oxides: i) donor above acceptor, both are in the gap, i.e., both are electrically active and compensated (DT-1), ii) acceptor above donor, and only acceptor is in the gap, i.e., only acceptor is electrically active (DT-2), iii) acceptor above donor, and only donor is in the gap, i.e., only donor is electrically active (DT3), and iv) acceptor above donor in the gap, i.e., both donor and acceptor are electrically active, but not compensated (DT-4). Donors and acceptors in DT-1 materials compensate each other to a varying degree, and external doping is limited due to Fermi level pinning. Acceptors in DT-2 and donors in DT-3 are uncompensated and may ionize and create holes or electrons, and external doping can further enhance their concentration. Donor and acceptor in DT-4 materials do not compensate each other, and when the net concentration of carriers is small due to deep levels, it can be enhanced by external doping.
Effects of perceived physical attractiveness on females' facial displays and affect

Abstract This study used facial electromyographic (EMG) techniques to investigate the effects of perceived physical attractiveness of a target on female viewers' facial muscle activity and self-reported emotion. Female subjects viewed slides of adult males and females that varied in attractiveness. When these female subjects viewed same-sex stimuli, the highly attractive targets evoked greater mean corrugator muscle (brow lowering muscle) EMG and greater reported arousal than the less attractive targets, while reported pleasure was not affected by perceptions of same-sex-stimulus attractiveness. When the female subjects viewed males, ratings of felt pleasure, arousal, and to a lesser extent zygomatic EMG were all greater in response to the highly attractive males than the less attractive. The greater corrugator EMG to highly attractive same-sex targets is interpreted as evidence of a defensive reaction to viewing a high-status competitor, and several explanations for the lack of a self-reported increase in negative affect to these targets are considered.
Release of paclitaxel from pH sensitive and biodegradable dextran based hydrogels

Two different dextran based pH sensitive and enzyme degradable hydrogels: dextran maleic acid (Dex-MA), and glycidyl methacrylated dextran (Dex-GMA) were synthesized for oral delivery of nanoparticles. Poorly water soluble drug paclitaxel nanoparticles (PAX NPs) were prepared as the model, and encapsulation efficiency of paclitaxel in the nanoparticles was optimized to 43%. The prepared hydrogels were stable in simulated gastric fluid, but were prone to swelling and degradation in the presence or absence of enzyme dextranase in simulated intestinal fluid. Release profiles of nanoparticles could be tuned from 5.5 h to as long as 24 h under simulated human GI conditions. The release of PAX NPs (110 ± 10 nm) was completed with longer time (45 h–120 h). Two possible release mechanisms were discussed for Dex-MA and Dex-GMA-co-AA hydrogels respectively: degradation controlled, and diffusion controlled. These two biodegradable hydrogels, which can release nanoparticles depending on pH changes, may be suitable as potential colon targeting vehicles for oral delivery of drug nanoparticles.
Launching and dispatching strategies for multi-criteria control of closed manufacturing systems with flexible routeing capability

In this paper, we study the problems of launching and dispatching of parts in closed manufacturing systems with flexible routeing. For the manufacturing systems being operated against multiple performance criteria, we postulate that controlling different aspects of the operational control strategy to meet one single performance criterion would improve overall system performance. It is suggested that to achieve production rates, launching rules be utilized and to affect flowtime, dispatching rules be manipulated. Also, for measurement of routeing flexibility, an entropic measure of flexibility is refined. The entropy-based rule is then compared with the dispatching rules commonly used in the industry. Control strategies are developed for a test system and it is shown that a hierarchical control strategy works best when multiple performance criteria are of interest.
Bidirectional Associations Between Alcohol Use and Sexual Risk-Taking Behavior from Adolescence into Young Adulthood

Overwhelming evidence indicates that sexual risk-taking behavior and alcohol use are linked, but the nature, strength, and timing of these relations may differ between gender and racial subgroups. These issues were addressed by examining the course and interrelations of both behaviors from adolescence into young adulthood, as well as how these patterns differed between both men and women and between Blacks and Whites. Data came from a representative, community-based sample of 1867 urban participants surveyed up to 5 times over a 15-year period. Although both prospective and trajectory analyses showed that adolescent involvement in one behavior predicted later involvement in the other, most patterns were moderated by gender, race, or both. In general, positive, bidirectional associations were discovered among men and Whites. Among women, adolescent sexual risk-taking behavior positively predicted later drinking, but not vice versa. For Blacks, adolescent alcohol use was inconsistently related to later sexual risk-taking behavior, and adolescent sexual risk-taking negatively predicted later alcohol use. Results suggest that associations between sexual risk-taking behavior and alcohol use are more complex than previously thought and that an adequate understanding of these links must account for both gender and racial differences.
Process-design co-optimization for FPGA

Advancement of field programmable gate array (FPGA) faces many challenges. Among the major ones are power management and high speed transceiver I/O demands. To overcome the challenges, process-design co-optimization is required. With co-optimization of process, circuit, and architecture, 45% static power reduction is achieved for a 40 nm FPGA design. With optimized analog devices, high data rate (8.5 Gbps) transceivers are produced using a 40 nm digital process.
Motoric behavior in aged rats treated with GM1.

Abstract Aging is associated with impaired motor function. Nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, in part, regulate motoric behavior, and undergo degenerative changes during aging. GM1 ganglioside partially restores pre-synaptic dopaminergic markers and the number and morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain and striatum of Sprague–Dawley aged rats. These studies investigated whether GM1 treatment, 30 mg/kg, i.p. daily for 36 days, affects locomotor and stereotypic activity, as well as coordination, balance, and strength in aged rats. Under the treatment conditions used, GM1 did not improve the reduced locomotor and stereotypic behavior of the aged rats. While it partially improved performance on a square bridge test, GM1 had no effect on inclined screen and rod suspension tests. Although GM1 restored the decreased content of dopamine and homovanillic acid in the nigrostriatal neurons of the aged rats, it had no effect on the reduced D1 and D2 dopamine receptor binding and mRNA in the striatum. It appears, that despite the morphological and metabolic restoration of aged nigrostriatal neurons, GM1 has limited ability in improving age-associated motor deficits.
Abstract 2879: Expression of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in myeloid lineage cells increases with maturation and regulates primary tumor growth in MMTV-PyVmT murine model of breast cancer.

Myeloid lineage cells are critical mediators of innate immunity that contribute to the inflammatory environment associated with tumor formation and progression. Our research explores the role of adhesion signaling through Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in myeloid lineage cells as a potential regulator of breast tumor outgrowth. Previously, we have demonstrated that recruitment of cd11b-positive monocytes to sites of thioglycollate-induced inflammation was impaired in the absence of FAK. Additionally, we showed that bone marrow-derived macrophages exhibit reduced migration toward chemotactic factors commonly found in the breast tumor milieu. Given these results, the goal of the current study is to address the fundamental contribution of FAK toward myeloid cell functions that regulate breast tumor growth and progression. Mice with FAK conditionally deleted in myeloid lineage cells (FAKΔmyeloid) were crossed with mice that develop spontaneous breast carcinomas due to expression of the MMTV-PyMT transgene. FAKΔmyeloid MMTV-PyMT mice showed significantly enhanced primary tumor outgrowth compared to wildtype (WT) littermate MMTV-PyMT animals. Tumors from both genotypes contained equivalent numbers of mature, F4/80-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), demonstrating that these cells were not dependent upon FAK to infiltrate/survive in the tumor. This was reinforced by adoptive transfer studies showing equal numbers of WT and FAKΔmyeloid bone marrow monocytes at the tumor site 30 minutes post-injection. Further analysis revealed that FAK expression was developmentally regulated, such that bone marrow cells and the immature Ly6C+cd11b+ cells present in circulation expressed nearly undetectable amounts of FAK protein. However, a substantial number of the cd11b+ cells within the tumor were Lyc6C-negative and had gained expression of FAK. Interestingly, the Ly6C-negative cells were shown to be more migratory than the Lyc6C+ monocytes, and this increased migration was dependent upon FAK expression. Based on these data, we propose that monocytes mature and upregulate FAK once they have successfully extravasated out of the tumor vasculature. This, in turn, allows increased movement of these cells within the tumor microenvironment, which may help to control tumor size/outgrowth through more effective clearance of necrotic cells and/or more global distribution of factors that could ultimately mediate an anti-tumor effect. Experiments are currently underway to test these possibilities. Citation Format: Ryan Llewellyn, Michael F. Gutknecht, Amy H. Bouton. Expression of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) in myeloid lineage cells increases with maturation and regulates primary tumor growth in MMTV-PyVmT murine model of breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2879. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2879
Sequence and polyadenylation site determination of the murine immunoglobulin γ2a membrane 3' untranslated region

Abstract We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the murine immunoglobulin γ2a membrane 3' untranslated region (1413 nucleotides) and approximately 679 nucleotides of downstream sequence. Two AATAAA hexanucleotide sequences are present in the 2092 nucleotide interval. The first one functions as the major polyA signal, directing cleavage and polyadenylation at a site 20 nucleotides downstream. Within 41 nucleotides downstream of the major membrane polyA signal are two sequences with 75% homology to the consensus sequence, (C/T)GTGTT(C/T) (C/T), identified by McLauchlan et al. [Nucl. Acids Res. 13, 1347–1365 (1985)]. An 80% homology match to the Berget consensus sequence, CA(C/T)TG, begins five nucleotides 3' of the major polyA site (used 20 times more than the second, downstream polyA site) [Berget Nature309, 179–182 (1984)]. The second AATAAA, located 73 nucleotides 3' of the first, directs cleavage and polyadenylation 18 nucleotides downstream at a minor polyA site. One match with 75% homology to the McLauchlan consenus sequence begins 17 nucleotides 3' of the second (weaker) polyA site. No matches to the Berget consensus sequence are located near this second, weaker polyA site.
An Asymptotic Characterization of Finite Degree U-statistics With Sample Size-Dependent Kernels: Applications to Nonparametric Estimators and Test Statistics

We provide a simple result on the H-decomposition of a U-statistics that allows for easy determination of its magnitude when the statistic’s kernel depends on the sample size n. The result provides a direct and convenient method to characterize the asymptotic magnitude of semiparametric and nonparametric estimators or test statistics involving high dimensional sums. We illustrate the use of our result in previously studied estimators/test statistics and in a novel nonparametric R2 test for overall significance of a nonparametric regression model.
Creation of interimplant papillae through a split-finger technique.

PurposeThe purpose of this pilot study is to propose a technique, the split-finger approach, to preserve/promote papillae formation.Materials and MethodsTwenty-one patients with 39 implants consecutively placed in the maxillary anterior region were evaluated at 6 months to 1 year after prosthodontic
Ring A-stereoisomers of 1-hydroxyvitamin D3 and their relative binding affinities for the intestinal 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor protein

Abstract A set of eight 1-hydroxyvitamin D3 compounds comprising the four possible (5Z)-1,3-diol stereoisomers and the corresponding (5E)-double bond isomers, has been prepared in order to assess the effect of 1,3-diol stereochemistry and 5,6-double bond geometry on binding affinity for the intestinal 1,25-(OH)2D3-receptor protein. The compounds were synthesized from either vitamin D3 or 3-epivitamin D3 via 3,5-cyclovitamin D intermediates. Competitive receptor binding assays establish that all changes from the natural ring A-configuration (1S, 3R, 5Z) lead to decreased binding affinity, and confirm the importance of the 1-hydroxy function since the conversion of stereochemistry at that center from 1α(S) to 1β(R) has the most pronounced effect on binding affinity (attenuation by more than three orders of magnitude). Other modifications (i.e., conversion at C-3, or cis to trans isomerization of the 5,6-double bond) decrease binding affinity by more moderate (ca. 10-fold) but cumulative factors.
Movements of adult aquatic insects along a Montana (USA) springbrook

The occurrence and movement patterns of adult insects along a forested springbrook near Flathead Lake, Montana, USA, were studied during three 15‐day periods from 19 June through 9 August 1985, using a two‐sided Malaise trap. Of the Plecoptera, numbers of males and gravid females ofMalenka flexura gravid females of Zapadafrigida and total numbers of Paraperla wilsoni were significantly higher for downstream‐flying adults during one to three periods. Of the Trichoptera, numbers of males of Anagepetus debilis were significantly higher for upstream‐flying adults during one period, and males of Lepidostoma cascadense and gravid females of L. spicata were significantly higher for downstream‐flying adults during another period. In none of the 26 species examined in these three orders did females show a statistically significant pattern of upstream flight.
Small-world job mobility integrates Hong Kong with global financial centers

Job mobility of investment bankers operates in a “small world” organized around banks in global financial centers. Networks of job mobility of leading investment bankers who worked at Citigroup in Hong Kong at some point in their career are constructed from websites and newspaper articles. Confidential interviews complement these sources. The results demonstrate that Hong Kong's investment bankers are key nodes in the global network of job mobility. Inter-city job changes involving London and New York with Hong Kong consist of small-world intraorganizational linkages, and local job mobility in each center also operates through small-world networks.