cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A voltage regulation method for high power switched-capacitor circuits

This paper presented a voltage regulation method for high power switched-capacitor converters. The proposed method is based on a LC equivalent circuit of the capacitor charging loop, instead of the traditional RC equivalent circuit. The output voltage is regulated by varying the duration of the sinusoidal charging current. With the third quadrant operation of MOSFETs and optimized capacitor charging loop, the efficiency of the converter with the proposed voltage regulation method can exceed the theoretical maximum efficiency value for traditional methods. Detailed analysis and experimental results on a 200 W prototype is included in this paper.
Navigating the Storm of Mental Illness: Phases in the Family’s Journey

About 1.25 million American families live with persistently mentally ill members. Costs, personal and public, are substantial. Research providing holistic understanding of the processes these families experience is needed. This qualitative study's objectives were to (a) examine the process holistically and (b) search for patterns in families' experiences. The author used a framework of symbolic interaction and dramaturgical interviewing. Twenty-six respondents participated in a semistructured interview. Results indicated that families typically experienced six phases: development of awareness, crisis, instability and recurrent crises, movement toward stability, continuum of stability, and growth and advocacy. Needs characteristic of each phase were evident. Additional research is needed to determine if phases are consistent in other groups and to develop interventions appropriate for each phase.
Behavioural Responses of Hermit Crabs to Shell Cues, Predator Haemolymph And Body Odour

This study tested the hypothesis that predator odours alter behavioural responses of hermit crabs to other chemical stimuli. Stimuli that cause alarm and shell-related behaviour (hermit crab haemolymph and two gastropod flesh extracts), and stimuli that did not cause shell-related behaviour (sea-water and predator haemolymph) were used. Individual hermit crab responses to stimuli were observed in ambient sea-water and predator odour. In the absence of predator odour, hermit crab haemolymph and gastropod flesh extracts stimulated shell grasping behaviour. Locomotion was the major response to sea-water and stone crab haemolymph. Crabs behaved consistently when repeatedly exposed to a particular stimulus. In general, addition of predator odour to mixtures, resulted in decreased shell grasping and increased locomotion. Shell fit was a poor predictor of behaviour for the size range of crabs tested. Hermit crabs respond to, and discriminate, a variety of complex odour mixtures.
Overlapping kinetochore targets of CK2 and Aurora B kinases in mitotic regulation

Protein kinase CK2 is one of the most conserved kinases in eukaryotic cells and plays essential roles in diverse processes. While we know that CK2 plays a role(s) in cell division, our understanding of how CK2 regulates cell cycle progression is limited. In this study, we revealed a regulatory role for CK2 in kinetochore function. The kinetochore is a multi-protein complex that assembles on the centromere of a chromosome and functions to attach chromosomes to spindle microtubules. To faithfully segregate chromosomes and maintain genomic integrity, the kinetochore is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms, including phosphorylation by Aurora B kinase. We found that a loss of CK2 kinase activity inhibits anaphase spindle elongation and results in chromosome missegregation. Moreover, a lack of CK2 activates the spindle assembly checkpoint. We demonstrate that CK2 associates with Mif2, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homologue of human CENP-C, which serves as an important link between the inner and outer kinetochore. Furthermore, we show Mif2 and the inner kinetochore protein Ndc10 are phosphorylated by CK2, and this phosphorylation plays antagonistic and synergistic roles with Aurora B phosphorylation of these targets, respectively.
A Convenient Synthesis of Biferrocene and Bisfulvalenediiron

Abstract The title compounds were prepared from monolithio- and dilithioferrocene, respectively using tetrakis[iodo(tris-n-butyl-phosphinecopper(I)] in dimethoxyethane (DME) with an oxidative work up. If a 2:3 mixture of the lithium reagents was used, small amounts of terferrocene (6%) and quaterferrocene (3%) were isolated in addition to biferrocene and bisfulvalene diiron (BFDFe).
The Unique Expression and Function of miR-424 in Human Placental Trophoblasts

Placental hypoperfusion causes cellular hypoxia and is associated with fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia. In response to hypoxia, the repertoire of genes expressed in placental trophoblasts changes, which influences key cellular processes such as differentiation and fusion. Diverse miRNAs were recently found to modulate the cellular response to hypoxia. Here we show that miR-424, which was previously shown to be upregulated by hypoxia in nontrophoblastic cell types, is uniquely downregulated in primary human trophoblasts by hypoxia or chemicals known to hinder cell differentiation. We also identify FGFR1 as a direct target of miR-424 in human trophoblasts. This effect is unique to miR-424 and is not seen with other members of this miRNA family that are expressed in trophoblasts, such as miR-15 and miR-16. Our findings establish a unique role for miR-424 during differentiation of human trophoblasts.
Simulation of multiple time-pressured agents

The paper describes a simulation substrate that allows thinking agents to interact with a world. The world is simulated by standard discrete event simulation, but the timing of an agent’s behavior is determined by the amount of computation it performs. Therefore, if an agent thinks a lot about what to do given a situation in the world, the duration of its thinking results in a delay to its subsequent actions. Thus, the thinking of the agent is time pressured. The computation time of the agent is automatically assessed by the substrate in a way that is independent of the computer running the simulation. This is done by implementing the thinking of the agents in a variant of Common Lisp called Timed Common Lisp, in which each function advances a clock by an appropriate, user-specifiable amount of time. This renders agent thinking and behaviors deterministic, making results comparable and replicatable across platforms. The simulation substrate also supports the interaction of continuous activities, in addition to executing discrete, point-like events. This substrate has been used to implement an Artificial Intelligence Planning system that simulates multiple agents fighting forest fires in Yellowstone National Park.
Math Interest and Choice Intentions of Non-Traditional African-American College Students.

Abstract This study investigated the application of the social-cognitive career theory (SCCT) ( Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994 ) to the math interest and choice intentions of non-traditional African-American college student population. The associations between the social-cognitive constructs were examined to identify their relation to math interest and choice intentions. The participants were 156 college students enrolled at a Midwestern, predominantly African-American university. The results supported the application of this model to the non-traditional population. Math self-efficacy was the strongest factor in developing and predicting math interest and choice intentions. The link between outcome expectations and choice intentions was not evident. Implications for future research are discussed.
On Optimal Signals for Phase-Locked Loops

The performance of phase-locked or delay-locked loops is dependent both upon the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signal and the detailed structure of both the received signal and the local-reference signal. Optimum signals for first-order delay-locked loops are determined as functions of the loop SNR using simple optimization criteria.
Drawing on Education: Using Drawings to Document Schooling and Support Change

In this article, Walt Haney,Michael Russell, and Damian Bebell summarize a decade of work using student drawings as a way to both document and change education and schooling. After a brief summary of more than one hundred years of literature on children's drawings, the authors point out that drawings have been little recognized as a medium of educational research in recent decades. Next they explain how the work reported here has evolved, recounting how they have used student drawings as a way to document educational phenomena. They then present reliability and validity evidence to support such use on a macro level. The authors go on to relate examples at the micro level of how drawings have been used to inform and change education and learning. Finally, they argue that student drawings, though only one form of inquiry, help illustrate the fundamental point that, if educational reforms are to succeed, we must treat teachers and students not just as the objects, but also as the agents, of reform and improv...
Molecular mechanism of sequence-dependent stability of RecA filament

RecA is a DNA-dependent ATPase and mediates homologous recombination by first forming a filament on a single-stranded (ss) DNA. RecA binds preferentially to TGG repeat sequence, which resembles the recombination hot spot Chi (5 0 -GCTG GTGG-3 0 ) and is the most frequent pattern (GTG) of the codon usage in Escherichia coli. Because of the highly dynamic nature of RecA filament formation, which consists of filament nucleation, growth and shrinkage, we need experimental approaches that can resolve each of these processes separately to gain detailed insights into the molecular mechanism of sequence preference. By using a single-molecule fluorescence assay, we examined the effect of sequence on individual stages of nucleation, monomer binding and dissociation. We found that RecA does not recognize the Chi sequence as a nucleation site. In contrast, we observed that it is the reduced monomer dissociation that mainly determines the high filament stability on TGG repeats. This sequence dependence of monomer dissociation is well-correlated with that of ATP hydrolysis, suggesting that DNA sequence dictates filament stability through modulation of ATP hydrolysis.
Addressing the HIV-related needs of substance misusers in New York State: the benefits and barriers to implementing a "one-stop shopping" model.

Substance misusers are at risk for contracting HIV/AIDS, and substance user treatment programs (SUTPs) are uniquely situated to address their HIV-related needs. In New York State, some SUTPs have implemented a centralized model of substance user treatment and HIV care. We synthesize past literature and use data from semistructured interviews with SUTP staff, analyzed with qualitative software, to describe implementation barriers. These interviews were conducted in 2003–2004 at three SUTPs in Texas and New York as part of a study funded by the National Institutes of Health. With study limitations noted, main implications include a need for a combined medical–addiction treatment philosophy to facilitate multidisciplinary care.
Phospholipase A2 Antagonists Inhibit Nocodazole-induced Golgi Ministack Formation: Evidence of an ER Intermediate and Constitutive Cycling

Evidence has been presented both for and against obligate retrograde movement of resident Golgi proteins through the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during nocodazole-induced Golgi ministack formation. ...
TiGeR, the Transmeta Instruction GEneratoR: A Production Based, Pseudo Random Instruction x86 Test Generator

Real world software applications, in addition to carefully crafted test cases, are often used in microprocessor and system verification as they exercise the interaction of many different functional blocks in the processor In the case of dynamic binary translation based microprocessors like Efficeon and Crusoe, they also exercise the code morphing software (CMS), the firmware layer that provides x86 compatibility. However this approach has limitations in that it is exceedingly difficult to identify, isolate, reproduce and debug failures and no single application may exercise most of the architectural corner cases of the CPU. Hence we have developed an x86 random instruction generator that generates code that has the characteristics of typical 32 bit protected mode programs. The instruction generator is highly configurable and deterministic, and has been successfully used in the verification of the Efficeon line of processors through all its phases of development and productization. The instruction generator is production based, in the sense that it generates code based on a set of rules called productions
The coordinate regulation of pharyngeal development in C. elegans by lin-35/Rb, pha-1, and ubc-18.

Organ development is a complex process involving the coordination of cell proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenetic events. Using a screen to identify genes that function coordinately with lin-35/Rb during animal development, we have isolated a weak loss-of-function (LOF) mutation in pha-1. lin-35; pha-1 double mutants are defective at an early step in pharyngeal morphogenesis leading to an abnormal pharyngeal architecture. pha-1 is also synthetically lethal with other class B synthetic multivulval (SynMuv) genes including the C. elegans E2F homolog, efl-1. Reporter analyses indicate that pha-1 is broadly expressed during embryonic development and that its functions reside in the cytoplasm. We also provide genetic and phenotypic evidence to support the model that PHA-1, a novel protein, and UBC-18, a ubiquitinconjugating enzyme that we have previously shown to function with lin-35 during pharyngeal development, act in parallel pathways to
The quality and monetary value of diets consumed by adults in the United States

Background: Food prices are an established determinant of food choice and may affect diet quality. Research on diet cost and diet quality in representative populations has been hindered by lack of data. Objective: We sought to explore the distribution of diet cost and diet quality among strata of the US population and to examine the association between the 2 variables. Design: In this cross-sectional study, monetary costs of diets consumed by participants in the 2001–2002 NHANES were estimated with the use of a national food price database. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)–2005 values were estimated with the use of the population ratio method for the calculation of average scores. Mean daily diet costs, energy-adjusted diet costs, and HEI-2005 scores were estimated for subpopulations of interest. Associations between energy-adjusted diet cost, HEI-2005 scores, and HEI-2005 component scores were evaluated. Results: Higher energy-adjusted diet costs were significantly associated with being older and non-Hispanic white, having a higher income and education, and living in a food-secure household. Higher diet costs were also associated with higher HEI-2005 scores for both men and women. Women in the highest quintile of diet costs had a mean HEI-2005 score of 69.6 compared with 52.5 for women in the lowest-cost quintile. Higher diet cost was strongly associated with consuming more servings of fruit and vegetables and fewer calories from solid fat, alcoholic beverages, and added sugars. Conclusion: Given the observed association between diet cost and diet quality, helping consumers select affordable yet nutritious diets ought to be a priority for researchers and health professionals.
Selection as a Key Tool in Sociological Explanations

For well over two decades, W. G. Runciman (1983-1997) has argued that "selectionist theory" needs to be a part of sociology. Inter estingly, some early twentieth century text books in American sociology had included chapters or sections of chapters on selection processes, but with the decline of interest in evolution among sociologists for most of the century, especially with the rise of Social Darwinism, selectionist dynamics were pushed from the discipline, as was biology more generally. Still, the effects of selection on sociocultural processes were kept alive in such subdisciplies as urban and, later, organi zational ecology. In his recently published The Theory of Cultural and Social Selection, W. G. Runciman extends the application of selec tionist theory beyond the relatively narrow confines of urban and organizational ecolo gy, arguing that "the agenda of comparative sociology should be reconstituted" (p. 3) with a more Darwinian analysis of selection forces that have driven history. Runciman rejects the extreme reductionism of "ultra Darwinians" who would reduce cultural and social selection to natural selection and notions of inclusive fitness, but still, cultural and social dynamics give evidence of clear analogies to natural selection. Runciman begins by outlining three types of selection: natural selection (on phenotypes and their underlying genotypes), cultural selection (on "memes" or strips of symbolic meanings), and social selection (on practices institutionalized in roles). Runciman retains a heavily Darwinian perspective, seeing "competitive selection" among alternative phenotypes, cultural memes, and social practices as increasing the level of adapta tion, or the reproduction of genes, memes, The Theory of Cultural and Social Selection, by W. G. Runciman. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2009. 257pp. $27.99 paper. ISBN: 9780521136143.
Efficient Distributed Medium Access Arbitration for Multi-Channel Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks can be employed in a wide range of applications such as disaster management, combat field surveillance and homeland security. Sensors in such applications are deployed in mass and are usually constrained in the amount of available onboard energy. This paper presents ARCH, a distributed medium access arbitration of multi-radio-channel based sensor networks. ARCH is an energy efficient, scalable and collision free MAC layer protocol that combines frequency and time division principles for medium sharing. To achieve scalability sensors are partitioned into cells. One of the sensors in a cell is designated as a cell-head. ARCH employs a distributed algorithm for arbitrating channels among cells to enable simultaneous non-interfering data collection. Intra-cell transmissions are scheduled by the cell-head using the assigned channel. Cell-heads aggregate the gathered data and forward it over inter-cell-head paths to the base-station. The base-station assigns distinct channels to the independent branches of the inter- cell routing tree. Data transmission and reception on a branch is further scheduled in depth-first ordering. ARCH allows nodes to stay in the sleep mode for the longest duration and avoids collisions and thus it minimizes energy consumption and boosts the robustness of the network operation. The performance of ARCH is validated through simulation.
Live Yeast and Yeast Cell Wall Supplements Enhance Immune Function and Performance in Food-Producing Livestock: A Review †,‡

More livestock producers are seeking natural alternatives to antibiotics and antimicrobials, and searching for supplements to enhance growth performance, and general animal health and well-being. Some of the compounds currently being utilized and studied are live yeast and yeast-based products derived from the strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These products have been reported to have positive effects both directly and indirectly on the immune system and its subsequent biomarkers, thereby mitigating negative effects associated with stress and disease. These yeast-based products have also been reported to simultaneously enhance growth and performance by enhancing dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) perhaps through the establishment of a healthy gastrointestinal tract. These products may be especially useful in times of potential stress such as during birth, weaning, early lactation, and during the receiving period at the feedlot. Overall, yeast supplements appear to possess the ability to improve animal health and metabolism while decreasing morbidity, thereby enhancing profitability of these animals.
Comparisons of multiple photon coincidence imaging techniques

The authors compare analytically techniques for multiple-photon coincidence imaging in terms of spatial resolution, detector efficiency (or simply efficiency), and system sensitivity for a spherical water phantom (or simply sensitivity). One analysis consists of comparing photon-photon coincidence single-photon-emission computerized tomography (PP-SPECT) with the angularly unconstrained, electronically collimated triple-photon coincidence imaging technique (TPCIT). A second analysis compares positron-emission tomography using time-of-flight information (TOF-PET) with angularly constrained, electronically collimated TPCIT, The angularly unconstrained TPCIT has a similar spatial resolution, higher efficiency, and higher sensitivity when compared to PP-SPECT. The angularly constrained TPCIT has similar spatial resolution, lower efficiency, and lower sensitivity when compared to TOF-PET. However, the angularly constrained TPCIT can, for brain imaging, reduce the localization range of photon-emission sites along projection rays from about 20 cm to about 1 cm during data acquisition, while TOF-PET currently reduces the range to about 7 cm. >
Dynamic Placement of Virtual Machines for Managing SLA Violations

A dynamic server migration and consolidation algorithm is introduced. The algorithm is shown to provide substantial improvement over static server consolidation in reducing the amount of required capacity and the rate of service level agreement violations. Benefits accrue for workloads that are variable and can be forecast over intervals shorter than the time scale of demand variability. The management algorithm reduces the amount of physical capacity required to support a specified rate of SLA violations for a given workload by as much as 50% as compared to static consolidation approach. Another result is that the rate of SLA violations at fixed capacity may be reduced by up to 20%. The results are based on hundreds of production workload traces across a variety of operating systems, applications, and industries.
Alternative cross-over strategies and selection techniques for grammatical evolution optimized neural networks

One of the most difficult challenges in human genetics is the identification and characterization of susceptibility genes for common complex human diseases. The presence of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions comprising the genetic architecture of these diseases presents a substantial statistical challenge. As the field pushes toward genome-wide association studies with hundreds of thousands, or even millions, of variables, the development of novel statistical and computational methods is a necessity. Previously, we introduced a grammatical evolution optimized NN (GENN) to improve upon the trial-and-error process of choosing an optimal architecture for a pure feed-forward back propagation neural network. GENN optimizes the inputs from a large pool of variables, the weights, and the connectivity of the network - including the number of hidden layers and the number of nodes in the hidden layer. Thus, the algorithm automatically generates optimal neural network architecture for a given data set. Like all evolutionary computing algorithms, grammatical evolution relies on evolutionary operators like crossover and selection to learn the best solution for a given dataset. We wanted to understand the effect of fitness proportionate versus ordinal selection schemes, and the effect of standard and novel crossover strategies on the performance of GENN.
Large scale measurements of soil moisture for validation of remotely sensed data: Georgia soil moisture experiment of 2003☆

A series of soil moisture experiments were conducted in 2003 (SMEX03) to develop enhanced datasets necessary to improve spatiotemporal characterization of soil moisture and to enhance satellite-based retrievals. One component of this research was conducted in South Central Georgia of the US, from June 17th to July 21st (SMEX03 GA). This study analyzes measurements of soil moisture and temperature collected during SMEX03 GA. A network of in situ soil moisture measurement devices, established to provide validation data for the satellite collections and for long-term estimation of soil moisture conditions throughout the region, provided continuous measurements at 19 sites. Additional soil moisture and temperature validation data were collected daily from 49 field sites. These sites represented a diversity of land covers including forest, cotton, peanut, and pasture. Precipitation that occurred prior to June 22nd and from June 29th through July 2nd produced drying conditions from June 23rd to June 28th and gradual wetting from June 29th through July 2nd. Soil moisture in the top 0‐1 cm of the soil was found to be more responsive to precipitation and to have greater variability than soil moisture at the 0‐3 or 3‐6 cm layers. Within different land covers, soil moisture followed the same trends, but varied with land use. Pasture sites were consistently the wettest while row-crop sites were normally the driest. Good agreement was observed between soil moisture measurements collected with the in situ network and the 49 SMEX sites. For the study period, soil moisture across the entire 50 km by 75 km region and five of the six 25 km by 25 km EASE-Grids demonstrated time stable characteristics. Time stability analysis and statistical tests demonstrated the in situ stations had a small dry bias as compared to the SMEX03 GA measurements. These
High-impedance fault detection system using an adaptive element model

An adaptive-element model approach for high impedance fault detection is presented. The system employs multiple detection algorithms using different frequency parameters. To obtain a final fault/nonfault classification for a power distribution feeder, a revised adaptive-element model is applied using expert weights associated with each algorithm-parameter pair. The adjustment of the weight, assigned by experts, is performed by an elliptic formula. This revised adaptive-element model is different from the original adaptive-element scheme in two components: the combination method for multiple inputs and the learning algorithm for weight correction. This system when tested using examples shows good performance, especially in terms of security against false identification.
Inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelites by lithium chloride: specific effect or nonspecific stress?

Abstract Intraperitoneal injections of lithium chloride inhibited development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rats. The degree of inhibition was inversely related to the intensity ofthe immunologic stimulation, which depended on the choice of adjuvant. High dosage of lithium, the intraperitoneal route, and an intermittent schedule of administration were required to achieve suppression of EAE. This suggested that the immunosuppression was a toxic effect, mediated, at least in part, through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex axis. This hypothesis was supported by evidence that the lithium treatment schedule, especially the intermittent schedule, had caused adrenal cortical activation with thymolysis in intact rats and that it was lethal to adrenalectomized rats. Lithium also inhibited EAE produced by adoptive immunization, thus implicating the efferent arm of the immune response. A single dose of lithium was effective in this form of EAE, even in adrenalectomized rats. Therefore lithium affects EAE by both specific immunosuppressive and nonspecific adrenocortical-dependent mechanisms.
Evaluation of an enhanced intelligent DCA technique for unlicensed WLANs and PAWNs

Over the last years, a number of mechanisms have been proposed for scheduling different types of traffic over base stations-oriented wireless and mobile systems. The majority of these mechanisms focus on access control in the base station-to-mobile units part of the wireless and mobile system. Recent proposals for the unlicensed spectrum in the 5GHz band have redefined the problem, since base stations, operated by different operators in overlapping geographical areas, need access resolution mechanisms to allocate wireless resources. This issue is addressed here, and a novel mechanism for dynamic channel allocation in unlicensed wireless LANs (WLANs) or public area wireless networks (PAWNs) environments is presented. The proposed method exploits the learning automata technique for the efficient allocation of wireless resources in a distributed manner. Nearby base stations that compete to access and reserve time on separate frequencies are driven by the output of a learning automaton, which determines the available carrier illustrating minimal competition. The paper discusses contention resolution disciplines while the learning automaton algorithm as well as its knowledge base structure are also discussed and evaluated.
Über veränderte physikalische Eigenschaften der Plasmaproteine bei Nephrose1

Zusammenfassung. 1 Wenn eine Kongo-Wasserlosung mit Kohle geschuttelt und zentrifugiert oder filtriert wird, so entfarbt sie sich total. 2 Wenn ein Plasma mit Kongorot in vivo oder in vitro gefarbt wird, lasst sich dieses auf obengeschilderte Weise nicht mit Kohle entfarben. 3 Eine gewisse Entfarbung tritt jedoch ein und die verschie-denen Plasmen verhalten sich dabeiauf verschiedene Weise. Wahrend in vivo gefarbtes Plasma von nierengesunden Personen ohne Plasma-proteinveranderungen mit einem maximalen Farbstoffverlust von 20 % und in vitro gefarbtes Plasma um hochstens 8 % entfarbt wird, entfarbt sich das Plasma von Patienten mit Nephropathien mit mehr oder weniger hochgradiger Albuminurie (Falle von Amyloid, Nephrose-Nephriten, »Nephrosen», Stauungsalbuminurie) starker, d. h. um maximum 37 % resp. 57 %. 4 Wenn die Globulinfraktion aus dem Plasma ausgesalzt wird, verhalt sich die Entfarbbarkeit bei den verbleibenden Albuminfraktionen ebenfalls verschieden und der Unterschied ist markanter, als bei dem Ganzplasma. Der Farbstoffverlust der Al-buminfraktionen betragt bei nierengesunden Kontrollfallen 40—55 %, wahrend er bei den erwahnten Nephropathien 60—100% ausmacht. 5 Die Entfarbungsintensitat ist nicht abhangig von dem quan-titativen Verhaltnis der Plasmaproteine (Hypoproteinamie, Hyp-albuminamie, Globulinamie), der Aussalzung der Globuline, der Alb./Glob.-Quote, dem Cholesteringehalt, Reststickstoff oder der morphologischen Zusammensetzung des Blutes, Senkungsreaktion oder der Odemtendenz bei dem Patienten. 6 Der im Harn nach intravenoser Zufuhr ausgeschiedene Farbstoff ist an das Harneiweiss gebunden. Die Entfarbbarkeit des Plasmas in vivo und in vitro steht nicht in Proportion zu dem Grad der Albuminurie. 7 Die gesteigerte Entfarbbarkeit = herabgesetzte Adsorp-tionskraft bei Plasma von Fallen mit hochgradiger Albuminurie gibt eine Erklarung dafur, warum die intravenose Kongorotprobe (ad modum Bennhold) bei diesen Fallen, trotz der geringen Aus-scheidung von Farbstoff im Harn, positiv ausfallt. 8 Bei einigen Fallen kann die Entfarbbarkeit des Plasmas in vitro gesteigert sein, obwohl die intravenose Kongorotprobe nor-male Werte ergibt.
Analysis and Robust Design of Diode-Resistor Based Nanoscale Crossbar PLA Circuits

Logic circuit design with future nanoscale devices using dense and regular fabrics such as crossbar is promising in terms of integration density, performance and power dissipation. Among the emerging alternatives to CMOS, molecular electronics based "diode-resistor logic" has generated considerable interest in recent times. However, some major challenges associated with circuit design using molecular switches are: 1) high defect rate; 2) lack of voltage gain of these switches that prevent logic cascading; and 3) large output voltage level degradation that affect robustness of operation. In this paper, we analyze the issue of input-dependent logic level degradation in diode-resistor style molecular crossbar and develop a simple analytical model for fast and accurate estimation of logic level degradation in a circuit. We also propose a voltage level-aware circuit design technique that limits the worst-case output level degradation. We verify the model by SPICE simulation which shows an average absolute error of less than 2%. Moreover, the proposed design technique improves the logic degradation level from 27% to 7% on an average compared to conventional design.
Early Feeding by Lake Trout Fry

AbstractThe restoration of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush in the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain has been challenging due to the bottlenecks in recruitment that occur mostly during early life stages. Among possible sources of fry mortality (e.g., predation, starvation, and disease), the least is known about the diet and starvation risk of pre-emergent fry. The first feedings by fry are generally assumed to be delayed until close to the absorption of the yolk sac and the emergence of the fry. The stomach contents of 374 wild-caught Lake Trout fry from Lake Champlain were examined from hatching to the exogenous feeding stage to identify the earliest occurrence of feeding relative to yolk sac absorption and to describe the diet. Within 2 weeks of hatching, 19% of fry had food in their stomachs. At 4–6 weeks and after yolk sac absorption, 98% of fry began feeding. Diet was primarily comprised of Bosmina as well as calanoid and cyclopoid copepods, and fry contained up to 215 items per stomach. Our finding that...
(Re)Moving the heart: interiority and intrusion in María Zambrano, Jean Luc Nancy and Claire Denis

This essay examines three works – Maria Zambrano's Persona y democracia (1958), Jean Luc Nancy's L'Intrus (2000) and Claire Denis's film The Intruder (2004) – in which the heart figures not just as an organ but as a concept that designates the dynamic nature and unstable limits of existence: individual, social and generically human. Rooted in different contexts and responding to unique concerns, these texts explore the notion of the heart as a marker of an interiority that is open and hollowed both from within and without. Jean Luc Nancy's autobiographical account of his heart transplant, which centers on the idea of intrusion and the figure of the intruder is juxtaposed with Zambrano's account of the human subject as a being that carries a void within. Further, I explore two fundamental tenets of Zambrano's philosophical anthropology – her account of the birth of philosophy and the establishment of the polis as a culmination of the process of humanization of the world, and her critique of the return of s...
The Need for a “Swan Neck” Permanentl Y Bent, Arcuate Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter:

In 1968 to ensure optimal function of a permanent catheter during periodic peritoneal dialysis, Tenckhoff recommended that a double-cuff catheter be inserted so that a slightly arcuate subcutaneous...
Using Self-Regulated Strategy Development for Persuasive Writing to Increase the Writing and Self-Efficacy Skills of Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders in Health Class.

ABSTRACT: The Common Core State Standards Initiative includes an emphasis on teaching writing and related skills in all subject areas. This study sought to improve the persuasive writing skills and self-efficacy skills of students with emotional and behavioral disorders by implementing self-regulated strategy development with pairs of students in a high school health class. Using a multiple probe multiple baseline across pairs of participants design, a functional relation was demonstrated between the intervention and students' persuasive writing skills as measured by essay elements, quality, and correct word sequences. Data on motivation to write and self-efficacy for writing were mixed, suggesting that additional research is needed. Social validity data suggested the intervention was socially acceptable to all participants, improving postintervention. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Contribution of Inorganic Polyphosphate Towards Regulation of Mitochondrial Free Calcium

Calcium signaling plays a key role in the regulation of multiple processes in mammalian mitochondria, ranging from the physiological regulation of cellular bioenergetics to the induction of stress-induced cell death. While the total concentration of calcium inside the mitochondria can increase by several orders of magnitude, the concentration of bioavailable, free calcium in mitochondria is maintained within the micromolar range by the mitochondrial calcium buffering system. It is established that this calcium buffering system involves participation of orthophosphate. However, the mechanisms of its function are not yet understood. Specifically, it is not clear how orthophosphate is capable to regulate free calcium concentration in the micromolar range. We hypothesized that inorganic polyphosphate, a biological polymer, made of up to 100 orthophosphates, plays a significant role in this regulation on mitochondria. We used confocal fluorescent microscopy to measure the relative levels of free calcium in this organelle, in cultured hepatoma (HepG2) cells with variable levels of inorganic polyphosphate. We found that the depletion of inorganic polyphosphate leads to the significantly lower levels of mitochondrial free calcium concentration, under conditions of pathological calcium overload. We conclude that inorganic polyphosphate is a previously unrecognized integral component of the mitochondrial calcium buffering system.
Copyright's Race, Gender and Age: A First Quantitative Look at Registrations

On a per capita basis, do African-American authors produce more copyright registrations than non-Hispanic whites? Do men and women show a within-group bias in choosing co-authors? And what decade in the average musician’s life is the most productive? This article provides answers to these questions – which happen to be yes, yes, and the 20s, respectively – and many more by statistically analyzing the 15 million entries that comprise the Copyright Office’s full record of registered works from 1978 through 2012. It provides a variety of perspectives on individuals’ creativity in modern-day America and on the beneficiaries of our copyright system along the axes of race, gender and age. Its findings suggest a need to promote greater diversity and equality in the processes of cultural production and the making of social meaning.
Iodine in California Farm Milk: 1985–19861

Iodine has been measured in 1572 California farm milk samples, representing 2,725,000 gallons of milk, or about 54% of daily production. The mean iodine concentration in the analyzed samples was 173.3 μg/kg milk, with a standard deviation of 115.8 μg/kg- The volume-corrected mean iodine concentration for all samples was 188.3 μg/kg. Of the farms examined, 13% used neither an iodine teat-dip or backflush; the milk iodine concentration on these dairy farms averaged 147.8 ± 90.2 μg/kg. Of the farms examined, 73% used iodine teat-dip only; milk iodine concentrations averaged 166.7±109.4 μg/kg. Less than 1% of the farms used iodine only in their backflush systems; their milk iodine concentrations averaged 202.3±107.2 μg/kg. Thirteen percent of the farms used both iodine teat-dip and iodine in their backflush systems; their milk iodine concentrations averaged 251.3±153.9 μg/kg. While the concentration difference between farms using iodine in both the teat-dip and backflush system and farms in the other three groups was statistically significant, the mean concentration was still well below the maximum limit of 500 μg/kg imposed by health agencies in some countries. Overall, 30.7% of samples measured has less than 100 μg iodine/kg; 70.1% had less than 200 μg/kg; 88.8% had less than 300 μg/kg; 94.4% had less than 400 μg/kg; and 98.1% had less than 500 μg/kg.
State v. Holle (Arizona State Supreme Court) -- Amici Curiae Brief of Law Professors in Support of Respondent's motion for reconsideration

In State v. Holle, the Supreme Court of Arizona held that the legislature may redefine the crime of child molestation to include the intentional touching of any part of the genitals, anus or female breast of a minor, and it may place the burden to prove that such touching was not the result of a sexual motivation on the defendant. In this brief, law professors explain why this burden shifting raises serious constitutional questions and thus why the Supreme Court should reconsider its previous ruling and construe the statute so that sexual motivation is an element of the crime rather than an affirmative defense.
AVIAN MOTONEURON APOPTOSIS FOLLOWING PROTEASE ACTIVATED RECEPTOR -1 ACTIVATION IS TRIGGERED NEITHER THROUGH INCREASED FREE INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM LEVELS NOR DECREASED NEUROTROPHIC

Activation of protease activated-receptor 1 (PAR-1) has been shown to decrease motoneuron survival. This G protein receptor is activated when thrombin cleaves the original NH2-terminus generating a new sequence that binds to and activates a transmembrane receptor portion. However, the signaling pathway following motoneuron PAR-1 activation has not been elucidated. Research suggests that a calcium set point, a balance between Cai and neurotrophic factors, is necessary for motoneuron survival. The first study hypothesized that PAR-1 activated motoneuron death in vitro would correspond with increased levels of Cai. In addition, motoneuron death often results in the concurrent loss of target muscle cells, which are a known source of neurotrophic factors. However, such an event would induce a greater degree of motoneuron cell death than we had previously observed. Therefore, the second study hypothesized that PAR-1 activation in vivo would not affect skeletal muscle cell survival. A Tukey’s post-hoc test of the Cai assay did not support the hypothesis that PAR-1 activation would lead to increased Cai. However, histological studies did support the hypothesis that in vivo activation of PAR-1 does not alter the number of surviving skeletal muscle cells. Quantitative western blot analysis of neurotrophic factors did not detect any differences in their levels before or after PAR-1 activation. Taken together, these data suggest that Cai does not serve as a second messenger in the cell death pathway following activation of avian motoneuron PAR-1, while target skeletal muscle cells and potential levels of muscle derived growth factors are unaltered. INTRODUCTION One known trigger of neuronal apoptosis is thrombin, a serine protease whose mostunderstood role is the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin during the coagulation cascade (Esmon, 1993). However, mRNA for prothrombin, thrombin’s zymogen precursor, has been localized within the developing nervous system, suggesting that thrombin is produced (Dihanich et al., 1991) and is functional (for reviews see Suidan et al., 1992; Turgeon et al., 2000) within the nervous system itself. Thrombin has been shown to cause apoptosis in avian motoneurons, both in vitro (Turgeon et al., 1998) and in vivo (Turgeon et al., 1999), and to induce neurite retraction (Gurwitz and Cunningham, 1988; Suidan et al., 1992) through activation of a cell surface thrombin receptor. Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science 3(1):13-23 Fall 2005
Opening Casino Jack

Temple Fennell, CEO of ATO Pictures, recalled the distribution of ATO's first U.S. film, Casino Jack, starring Kevin Spacey. He reflected on the red carpet thrills during the opening week in December 2010, and the excitement surrounding Spacey's Golden Globe nomination. At the same time, he was reminded of the challenging decisions he and his team had had to make regarding the film's advertising and distribution. Excerpt UVA-QA-0827 Rev. Aug. 7, 2015 Opening Casino Jack Temple Fennell, CEO of ATO Pictures, recalled the distribution of ATO's first U.S. film, Casino Jack, starring Kevin Spacey. He reflected on the red carpet thrills during the opening week in December 2010, and the excitement surrounding Spacey's Golden Globe nomination. At the same time, he was reminded of the challenging decisions he and his team had had to make regarding the film's advertising and distribution. Fennell could have advertised nationally prior to the film's release, or he could have waited to see the audience and critic reactions before committing significant advertising dollars. The first option required a wider release of the film. The second option limited the initial release to a small number of screens. While Fennell had been sure there was no magic formula for box office success, he had believed that the historical data from hundreds of mostly independent films would provide insight into the options for ATO's next film. ATO Pictures and Casino Jack . . .
Fast and Smart Network Resource Management for Datacenters and Beyond

Modern networked systems give rise to many challenging resource management problems, from congestion control in datacenters to bitrate adaptation for video streams to scheduling workloads on computer clusters. In this talk, I will describe some of our work on network resource management systems and algorithms across two paradigms: (1) a classical paradigm, characterized by simplified system models, low-level design goals, and fixed algorithms that achieve these goals in specified conditions; (2) a learning paradigm, characterized by unknown and uncertain system dynamics, high-level resource management goals, and algorithms that learn and adapt to their environment and workload. For the classical paradigm, I will describe some of our work on packet transport mechanisms for datacenters that enable the construction of large-scale fabrics that provide 100s of Tb/s of bandwidth, microsecond-level packet latencies, and resilience to link failures. For the learning paradigm, I will discuss our recent work on systems that learn to make resource management decisions entirely from experience using modern deep reinforcement techniques. I will demonstrate the power of this approach for problems such as adaptive bitrate selection for video streaming and scheduling jobs in computer clusters.
Numerical Simulation of Forced Convective Boiling in a Microchannel

Forced convective flow boiling in a single microchannel with different channel heights was studied through a numerical simulation method to investigate bubble dynamics, two-phase flow patterns, and boiling heat transfer. The momentum and energy equations were solved using a finite volume numerical method while the liquid-vapor interface of a bubble is captured using the VOF (Volume of Fluid) technique. The effects of different constant wall heat fluxes and different channel heights on the boiling mechanisms were investigated. The effects of liquid velocity on the bubble departure diameter were also analyzed. The predicted bubble shapes and distribution profiles together with two-phase flow patterns are also provided.
Translational models of infection prevention and control: lessons from studying high risk aging populations.

Purpose of reviewThe present review describes our research experiences and efforts in advancing the field of infection prevention and control in nursing facilities including postacute and long-term care settings.Recent findingsThere are over two million infections in postacute and long-term care set
DD61: Verpuffen Sie bei schlechter Energieeffizienz? (März 2008)

Bei Elektrogeraten verpufft die meiste Energie irgendwie als Warme – viel zu viel! Es gibt zu viele Reibungsverluste. Das scheint mir bei der Arbeit auch so zu sein. Alle schauen nur wie bei Gluhbirnen, wie hell wir leuchten, aber nicht, wie viel Strom wir kriegen.