cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lifetime Estimation of Discrete IGBT Devices Based on Gaussian Process

Discrete package insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices are a popular choice for low-power converters. Although IGBT power modules used in high-power applications have recently been studied in the literature, there are major knowledge gaps regarding reliability and lifetime estimation of discrete devices. In this paper, on-state collector–emitter voltage drop $(V_{{\rm{ce}},{\rm{on}}})$ variations are characterized for discrete IGBT devices exposed to cyclic thermal stresses. Variations in $V_{{\rm{ce}},{\rm{on}}}$ are carefully identified and classified depending on different aging mechanisms, stress levels, and device structures. A probabilistic framework for remaining useful lifetime (RUL) estimation based on the knowledge obtained by accelerated aging experiments for real-time RUL estimation has been proposed. Specifically, the proposed model uses Gaussian process regression (GPR) for applying a Bayesian inference (BI) on RUL estimation of the device under test. Using BI reduces the uncertainty associated with RUL estimation and leads to more accurate results. This concept is also tested by comparing the classical maximum-likelihood estimation and GPR estimation results with the ones obtained by accelerated aging tests.
The 2016 Presidential Nominations

Bitecofer recaps the paths that Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump took to win their party’s nomination. For Clinton, an unexpected primary challenge forced the campaign to compete for a nomination that was once inevitable. Coming from nowhere, Bernie Sanders’ campaign tapped into the anti-establishment and populist sentiment of the progressive wing of the Democratic Party transforming his candidacy from a symbolic exercise into a powerful social movement. Meanwhile, despite being outspent and out-organized, Donald Trump won the Republican Party’s nomination by giving voice to rising right-wing populism and nationalism in the Republican base.
PANN: Power Allocation via Neural Networks Dynamic Bounded-Power Allocation in High Performance Computing

Exascale architecture computers will be limited not only by hardware but also by power consumption. In these bounded power situations, a system can deliver better results by overprovisioning -having more hardware than can be fully powered. Overprovisioned systems require power to be an integral part of any scheduling algorithm. This paper introduces a system called PANN that uses neural networks to dynamically allocate power in overprovisioned systems. Traces of applications are used to train a neural network power controller, which is then used as an online power allocation system. Simulation results were obtained on traces of ParaDiS and work is continuing on more applications. We found in simulations PANN completes jobs up to 24% faster than static allocation. For tightly constrained systems PANN performs 6% to 11% better than Conductor. A runtime system has been constructed, but it is not yet performing as expected, reasons for this are explored.
An improved distance-to-dose correlation for predicting bladder and rectum dose-volumes in knowledge-based VMAT planning for prostate cancer

The overlap volume histogram (OVH) is an anatomical metric commonly used to quantify the geometric relationship between an organ at risk (OAR) and target volume when predicting expected dose-volumes in knowledge-based planning (KBP). This work investigated the influence of additional variables contributing to variations in the assumed linear DVH-OVH correlation for the bladder and rectum in VMAT plans of prostate patients, with the goal of increasing prediction accuracy and achievability of knowledge-based planning methods. VMAT plans were retrospectively generated for 124 prostate patients using multi-criteria optimization. DVHs quantified patient dosimetric data while OVHs quantified patient anatomical information. The DVH-OVH correlations were calculated for fractional bladder and rectum volumes of 30, 50, 65, and 80%. Correlations between potential influencing factors and dose were quantified using the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (R). Factors analyzed included the derivative of the OVH, prescribed dose, PTV volume, bladder volume, rectum volume, and in-field OAR volume. Out of the selected factors, only the in-field bladder volume (mean R = 0.86) showed a strong correlation with bladder doses. Similarly, only the in-field rectal volume (mean R = 0.76) showed a strong correlation with rectal doses. Therefore, an OVH formalism accounting for in-field OAR volumes was developed to determine the extent to which it improved the DVH-OVH correlation. Including the in-field factor improved the DVH-OVH correlation, with the mean R values over the fractional volumes studied improving from −0.79 to −0.85 and −0.82 to −0.86 for the bladder and rectum, respectively. A re-planning study was performed on 31 randomly selected database patients to verify the increased accuracy of KBP dose predictions by accounting for bladder and rectum volume within treatment fields. The in-field OVH led to significantly more precise and fewer unachievable KBP predictions, especially for lower bladder and rectum dose-volumes.
Evolving Practice Parameters of Forensic Criminology

In recent years, sociologists and criminologists have begun to play a significant role as expert witnesses in civil lawsuits involving the actions of security, police, and corrections personnel. As liability experts in negligent security litigation, forensic criminologists increasingly opine on crime foreseeability, professional security standards of care, and issues of proximate cause. Social framework testimony is also introduced to provide fact finders with current social scientific thinking on the specific issues pertinent to tort litigation. Administrative negligence in the form of negligent hiring, negligent training, negligent supervision, and other managerial errors has also drawn the attention of forensic criminologists. Additionally, public criminal justice officials have been sued over use-of-force incidents, miscarriage of justice, suicide by cop, allegations of prejudicial profiling, jail suicides, prisoner health care, and conditions of confinement. Forensic criminology contributes considerable substantive knowledge on these topics which should help judge and jury resolve the issues at bar.
Sudden infant death syndrome, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and vaccines: Longitudinal population analyses

Concerns about a potential link between sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and vaccination are unsupported by longitudinal evidence. The analyses employed a multivariate mixed-effects model analyzing data from the National Immunization Survey, School Vaccination Assessment Reports, National Vital Statistics and National Children's Health Survey. We found that state-level childhood vaccine uptake for age appropriate vaccines was neither associated with the decline in the incidence of SIDS nor rise in the prevalence of ADHD. Our findings provide current and evidence-based information to assist providers counseling vaccine-hesitant parents.
Great Moments in Mathematics (after 1650). By Howard Eves.

(1986). Great Moments in Mathematics (after 1650). By Howard Eves. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 93, No. 6, pp. 491-494.
Pediatric Fractures: Management Principles

Pediatric fractures constitute a significant proportion of orthopaedic injuries. Basic fracture management principles are important when assessing and treating these injuries.
Investigation of Nonconformance During Protein Therapeutic Manufacturing

A microparticle analysis strategy in therapeutic protein manufacturing NC investigation is outlined for the biopharmaceutical industry. The general approach for NC investigation and the principles of the primary analytical technologies and procedures are presented. This chapter will provide some insight into microparticle NC investigations, the challenges it faces, and how it fits into the overall application of biophysical and analytical methods to biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing. Case studies of NC investigations of protein therapeutics are presented, which involve products contained in both prefilled glass syringes and glass vials.
Wrongful Life and Procreative Decisions

This paper defends and refines the claim that procreation can be wrongful. Procreation is wrongful first when the “nonexistence condition” is met: the person’s life will be filled with suffering that cannot be ameliorated or empty of all the things that make life worth living. Recognizing that this condition is rarely met, the paper then argues that it is wrong to create a person in less extreme circumstances: when the person is likely not to have a minimally decent life, one in which certain important interests cannot be satisfied. Although we must be very cautious about concluding that any particular impairment precludes a minimally decent life, there will be circumstances in which a future life is unlikely to hold a reasonable promise of containing the things that make human lives good. In these circumstances, and if reproduction is avoidable, we are required to forego reproduction altogether.
WordNet and the Organization of Lexical Memory

Mastering vocabulary is a major component of foreign language learning, and a better understanding of the mental lexicon should facilitate the development of better instructional strategies. A sampling of psycholinguistic research into the organization of semantic memory in bilinguals suggests that much more is involved in acquiring a second vocabulary than simply matching new words with concepts already lexicalized in the first language. The semantic relations among groups of words can be very different in two languages. How an accomplished bilingual maintains two different relational structures in semantic memory is not clear, but it is clear that learners need assistance in mastering semantic relations as well as semantic denotations. WordNet, an on-line lexical database for English based on psycholinguistic principles, provides a description of the goal for this relational part of the language learning task. It is suggested that semantic networks like Word-Net would be valuable aids in teaching second language learners the semantic structures of an unfamiliar language.
Exogenous IL-2 Independent Antigen-Specific Human T Cells: Antigen-Specific Induction of Polyclonal B Cell Factors

The development of antigen-specific T lymphocyte lines and clones has greatly facilitated the investigation of the mechanisms by which T cells recognize foreign antigens and subsequently elaborate immuoregulatory lymphokines. Human antigen-specific helper T cell lines and clones have now been developed by the method of cyclic restimulation with antigen1,2 which are completely independent of exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) for their growth. Following a narrowly restricted stimulation signal with the appropriate antigen in the context of histocompatible antigen-presenting cells (APC), these T cells can produce several polyclonal B cell factors which act on discrete subsets of B cells depending on their state of activation or receptiveness to these lymphokines.
Less Is More in Post Pediatric Heart Transplant Care.

Background Historically, steroids and endomyocardial biopsies have, respectively, been part of standard immunosuppression for preventing cardiac transplant rejection and monitoring for rejection. However, these treatments come with numerous adverse effects. Some transplant programs have questioned whether the risks and costs outweigh the benefits or whether they may interfere with patient outcomes. Methods Pediatric cardiac transplantations over 15 years (n = 49) were examined in a single-center retrospective study. Two groups of patients were formed: group 1 received induction steroids and underwent routine protocol biopsy (n = 18), and group 2 neither received steroids nor underwent routine biopsy (n = 13). Results The 1-year survival rate was similar between the two approaches: group 1 survival was 94% and group 2 survival was 92%. However, differences between the two groups were observed for comorbidities. Group 1 had 11 patients that exhibited rejection, and group 2 had only 1 patient (p = 0.003). Group 2 had fewer cases of posttransplant hypertension (p = 0.001) and insulin dependence (p = 0.02). Conclusions This study suggests a less-invasive posttransplant approach that avoids biopsies and steroids was safely implemented in this single center. Both groups had similar survival. However, group 2 had statistically significant less posttransplant rejection, hypertension, and diabetes. Overall, this study shows no increased risk associated with steroid and biopsy avoidance in posttransplant patients, but with some clear benefits.
A New Model for Trade and Labor? The Trans-Pacific Partnership's Labor Chapter and Beyond

When President Donald Trump notified the other signatory countries to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) that the United States did not intend to become party to the agreement, among the thirty chapters of text left on the cutting floor was a chapter on labor. The TPP labor chapter, while unlikely to be enacted, provides an interesting case study of the evolution of U.S. labor provisions in trade agreements. It also provides insights into how the U.S. approach to trade and labor chapters might continue to evolve, and how it could take a different direction. This Article uses the stillborn labor chapter as a foundation to examine how labor provisions should be conceptualized and actualized, not only in U.S. trade policy, but more generally. It argues that a trade and labor approach that is grounded in fairness, consumer citizenship, and development can provide a framework for experimental institutions that can improve on the limited “state action-state sanctions” model currently utilized.
Pharmacogenomics: An Introduction and Clinical Perspective

Edited by Joseph S. Bertino, Jr., Pharm.D., FCP, FCCP, Angela D. M. Kashuba, Pharm.D., DABCP, Joseph D. Ma, Pharm.D., Uwe Fuhr, M.D., and C. Lindsay DeVane, Pharm.D. Published by McGraw-Hill Companies, 1221 Avenue of the Americas, 45th Floor, New York, NY 10020-1001, 2013. 274 p. Price $65.00 (soft
Type C blocks of super category $$\mathcal {O}$$ O

We show that the blocks of category $$\mathcal {O}$$ for the Lie superalgebra $${\mathfrak {q}}_n({\mathbb {C}})$$ associated to half-integral weights carry the structure of a tensor product categorification for the infinite rank Kac-Moody algebra of type $$\hbox {C}_\infty $$ . This allows us to prove two conjectures formulated by Cheng, Kwon and Wang. We then focus on the full subcategory consisting of finite-dimensional representations, which we show is a highest weight category with blocks that are Morita equivalent to certain generalized Khovanov arc algebras.
Abstract P487: Network Stressors, Personal Stressors, And Sustained Hypertension In African American Women

Introduction: Stressful life events (SLE) have been associated with poor cardiovascular health but most studies have focused on stressors that directly impact the individuals under study, or person...
Kinematics of Lagrangian Flow Separation in External Aerodynamics

Kinematic aspects of flow separation in external aerodynamics are investigated in the Lagrangian frame. Specifically, the initial motion of upwelling fluid material from the wall is related to the ...
Bistatic Radar Cross Section Prediction Using Iterative Physical Optics with Physical Theory of Diffraction for Plate Geometries

It is proposed in this study to use the iterative physical optics (IPO) in conjunction with the physical theory of diffraction (PTD) to improve accuracy in predicting bistatic radar cross section (RCS) of electrically large perfectly conducting plate geometries. The improvements achieved by using PTD to include effects of edge diffractions are demonstrated in comparison with the results of the method of moments (MoM).
Coach learning to help teachers learn to enact conceptually rich, student-focused mathematics lessons

The past decade has witnessed a strong, standards-based call for improving what mathematics is taught and how it is taught. In the USA, districts have hired instructional coaches to help teachers shift their teaching from algorithm-based instruction to instruction that is more student-centered and conceptually focused. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the field’s understanding of (a) the specific coaching practices that help teachers enact more conceptual-based forms of instruction; and (b) how coaches learn to enact those practices. Using a design-based implementation research approach, we trained coaches using a particular model for one-on-one coaching (Content-Focused Coaching); the coaches then worked with teachers to plan lessons aligned with the coaching model. Data consisted of videotapes of pre-lesson conferences that were transcribed and coded according to the model. Analyses of 32 coaches’ practice over a 2-year period suggest that each of the three components of our coaching model (attention to student thinking, pedagogy, and mathematics) demonstrated statistically significant improvement over time. An illustrative analysis of five coaching sessions of one coach revealed a progression over five sessions from planning discussions that stayed at the level of general strategies to more specific conversations about teaching a particular task and then to deeper discussions that integrate attention to mathematical concepts, student thinking, and pedagogical moves. We view this delineation of coach learning as an important first step in laying the groundwork for the design of future coach training.
Constraining Black Hole Spin based on the Absence of Lense-Thirring Precession of Megamaser Clumps

We make use of the absence of Lense-Thirring precession of the innermost megamaser clumps around black holes in order to place upper limits on the spin amplitude of seven black holes at the center of megamaser galaxies: NGC 4258, NGC 2273, UGC 3789, NGC 3393, NGC 5495, NGC 5765b, and UGC 6093. The constraints are derived by requiring that the associated precession time-scale be longer than the age of the megamaser clumps, in order to preserve the single-plane geometry of the megamasers.
Normal Tissue Complication Probability (NTCP) Prediction Model for Osteoradionecrosis of the Mandible in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer After Radiation Therapy: Large-Scale Observational Cohort

Purpose Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible represents a severe, debilitating complication of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). At present, no normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for risk of ORN exist. The aim of this study was to develop a multivariable clinical/dose-based NTCP model for the prediction of ORN any grade (ORNI-IV) and grade IV (ORNIV) after RT (±chemotherapy) in patients with HNC. Methods and Materials Included patients with HNC were treated with (chemo-)RT between 2005 and 2015. Mandible bone radiation dose-volume parameters and clinical variables (ie, age, sex, tumor site, pre-RT dental extractions, chemotherapy history, postoperative RT, and smoking status) were considered as potential predictors. The patient cohort was randomly divided into a training (70%) and independent test (30%) cohort. Bootstrapped forward variable selection was performed in the training cohort to select the predictors for the NTCP models. Final NTCP model(s) were validated on the holdback test subset. Results Of 1259 included patients with HNC, 13.7% (n = 173 patients) developed any grade ORN (ORNI-IV primary endpoint) and 5% (n = 65) ORNIV (secondary endpoint). All dose and volume parameters of the mandible bone were significantly associated with the development of ORN in univariable models. Multivariable analyses identified D30% and pre-RT dental extraction as independent predictors for both ORNI-IV and ORNIV best-performing NTCP models with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78 (AUCvalidation = 0.75 [0.69-0.82]) and 0.81 (AUCvalidation = 0.82 [0.74-0.89]), respectively. Conclusions This study presented NTCP models based on mandible bone D30% and pre-RT dental extraction that predict ORNI-IV and ORNIV (ie, needing invasive surgical intervention) after HNC RT. Our results suggest that less than 30% of the mandible should receive a dose of 35 Gy or more for an ORNI-IV risk lower than 5%. These NTCP models can improve ORN prevention and management by identifying patients at risk of ORN.
A likelihood-based convolution approach to estimate major health events in longitudinal health records data: an external validation study.

OBJECTIVE In electronic health record data, the exact time stamp of major health events, defined by significant physiologic or treatment changes, is often missing. We developed and externally validated a method that can accurately estimate these time stamps based on accurate time stamps of related data elements. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel convolution-based change detection methodology was developed and tested using data from the national deidentified clinical claims OptumLabs data warehouse, then externally validated on a single center dataset derived from the M Health Fairview system. RESULTS We applied the methodology to estimate time to liver transplantation for waitlisted candidates. The median error between estimated date within the period of the actual true date was zero days, and median error was 92% and 84% of the transplants, in development and validation samples, respectively. DISCUSSION The proposed method can accurately estimate missing time stamps. Successful external validation suggests that the proposed method does not need to be refit to each health system; thus, it can be applied even when training data at the health system is insufficient or unavailable. The proposed method was applied to liver transplantation but can be more generally applied to any missing event that is accompanied by multiple related events that have accurate time stamps. CONCLUSION Missing time stamps in electronic healthcare record data can be estimated using time stamps of related events. Since the model was developed on a nationally representative dataset, it could be successfully transferred to a local health system without substantial loss of accuracy.
Abstract 178: Desmosome mutations in melanoma promote cellular proliferation and disease progression

Desmosomes are transmembrane protein complexes that contribute to cell-cell adhesion in the epithelia and other tissues under mechanical stress. Aberrant desmosome expression is often associated with developmental diseases leading to impaired tissue integrity. Recently, similar findings have been reported in cancer; Mutations in desmosomes genes have been observed in various cancer types including skin cancer, head and neck and lung cancer, however mostly epigenetic alterations have been used to associate desmosomes as suppressors of tumor metastasis. Here, we report that desmosomes are frequently mutated in seven cancer types. In melanoma, we find that over 70% of tumors have non-synonymous mutations in desmosomes, and that the desmosome mutational burden is associated with a strong decrease in mRNA expression levels in primary tumor samples (R = -0.23). Differential gene expression analysis and functional characterizations between mutant and wild-type tumors implicates the mutated cells in promoting cell proliferation at early stages of tumorigenesis. These results emerge uniquely from a systems-level analysis integrating multiple proteins in complexes and multiple cell types in heterogeneous tumors. Citation Format: Maayan Baron, Trey Ideker. Desmosome mutations in melanoma promote cellular proliferation and disease progression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 178.
Using the financial and business literature

Electronic Resources Accounting Advertising African-Americans in Business Agriculture Associations Automobile Industry and Trade Banks and Banking Bonds Brand Choices Buyers Zone (discard this sheet in the manuscript) Business Enterprises Business Names Business Planning Capital Markets Chemical Industry Commerce Commercial Products Computer Industry Computers Consultants (Consulting--refile this sheet under "Consultants") Consumers Corporations Credit Demographics Debts (rename this sheet "Debt") Directories Dividends Economic Assistance Economic Forecasting Economic Indicators Economic Policy Economics Economy (refile under "Economics") Finance Financial Planning Financial Services Forecasting Foreign Statistics Foreign Trade Fund Raising Furniture Industry Government Governments (include in "Government") Grants Industrial Relations Industrial Surveys Industry (change to "Industries") Information Services (change all entries to "Informational Services") Insurance International Finance International Trade Investments Labor Libraries Management Manufacturers Maps Markets Mergers Metalwork Money Markets Mutual Funds Newspapers Occupations Organizations Partnerships Periodicals Pharmaceutical Companies Population Portfolio Management Private Companies Production Control Production Management Public Relations
Acute Kidney Injury

The primary function of the kidneys is to excrete end products of metabolism, regulate electrolytes and mineral concentrations, and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance [1]. Other functions include urine production, dilution, and concentration; maintenance of blood pressure; concentration of extracellular and intracellular fluids; gluconeogenesis; maintenance of calcium phosphorus balance; and activation of vitamin and hormone synthesis [1].
The Late-Life Divorced: Another Look

This study on divorce and the elderly includes a secondary analysis of data taken from Current Population Reports (CPR) and from The National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH). Age specific divorce prevalence rates calculated using the CPR, suggests an increase in the proportion of elderly divorced persons over the last 15 years, with the proportion of divorced women being greater than that of divorced men. Findings from the analysis of NSFH data suggests that women were more likely to turn to others for emotional support during separation than were men. Older women were more likely to than older men, The younger were more likely to than the older. Older women had better adjustment scores and overall happiness than did older men.
GCNF-dependent activation of cyclin D1 expression via repression of Mir302a during ESC differentiation

Cyclin D1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and its expression is activated during gastrulation in the mouse; however, it remains unknown how cyclin D1 expression is regulated during early embryonic development. Here, we define the role of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in the activation of cyclin D1 expression during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation as a model of early development. During our study of GCNF knockout (GCNF(-) (/) (-) ) ESC, we discovered that loss of GCNF leads to the repression of cyclin D1 activation during ESC differentiation. This was determined to be an indirect effect of deregulation Mir302a, which is a cyclin D1 suppressor via binding to the 3'UTR of cyclin D1 mRNA. Moreover, we showed that Mir302 is a target gene of GCNF that inhibits Mir302 expression by binding to a DR0 element within its promoter. Inhibition of Mir302a using Mir302 inhibitor during differentiation of GCNF(-) (/) (-) ESCs restored cyclin D1 expression. Similarly over-expression of GCNF during differentiation of GCNF(-) (/) (-) ESCs rescued the inhibition of Mir302a expression and the activation of cyclin D1. These results reveal that GCNF plays a key role in regulating activation of cyclin D1 expression via inhibition of Mir302a.
The Effect of ATP Depletion upon the Acrosome Reaction in Guinea Pig Sperm

The suspension of guinea pig spermatozoa in substrate-free medium results in the cessation of sperm motility and a 94% reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels within minutes. ATP depletion was not deleterious to spermatozoa since motility was fully restored by the addition of pyruvate. In addition, sperm were able to synthesize ATP by metabolizing pyruvate. Following incubation for 0, 30, and 60 minutes in medium without substrate, acrosome reactions were measured before and after motility restoration. ATP depletion induced a large percentage of acrosome reactions relative to controls (32.29 ± 1.22% compared with 0.63 ± 0.02% at 60 minutes). Ca2+ was required for the effect. It is suggested that ATP depletion inactivates a Ca2+ -dependent ATPase expulsion mechanism for Ca2+, thereby permitting Ca2+ influx and the acrosome reaction.
Induction of cat-86 by chloramphenicol and amino acid starvation in relaxed mutants of Bacillus subtilis.

The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene cat-86 is induced through a mechanism that is a variation of classical attenuation. Induction results from the destabilization of an RNA stem-loop that normally sequesters the cat-86 ribosome-binding site. Destabilization of the stem-loop is due to the stalling of a ribosome in the leader region of cat-86 mRNA at a position that places the A site of the stalled ribosome at leader codon 6. Two events can stall ribosomes at the correct location to induce cat-86 translation: addition of chloramphenicol to cells and starvation of cells for the amino acid specified by leader codon 6. Induction by amino acid starvation is an anomaly because translation of the cat-86 coding sequence requires all 20 amino acids. To explain this apparent contradiction we postulated that amino acid starvation triggers intracellular proteolysis, thereby providing levels of the deprived amino acid sufficient for cat-86 translation. Here we show that a mutation in relA, the structural gene for stringent factor, blocks intracellular proteolysis that is normally triggered by amino acid starvation. The relA mutation also blocks induction of cat-86 by amino acid starvation, but the mutation does not interfere with chloramphenicol induction. Induction by amino acid starvation can be demonstrated in relA mutant cells if the depleted amino acid is restored at very low levels (e.g., 2 micrograms/ml). A mutation in relC, which may be the gene for ribosomal protein L11, blocks induction of cat-86 by either chloramphenicol or amino acid starvation. We believe this effect is due to a structural alteration of the ribosome resulting from the relC mutation and not to the relaxed phenotype of the cells.
Varied Fates from Similar States

Chance, Development, and Aging . Caleb E. Finch and Thomas B. L. Kirkwood. Oxford University Press, New York, 2000. 288 pp. $35, £24.95. ISBN 0-19-513361-7. Finch and Kirkwood draw on research in developmental biology to argue that random variations in cell fate and function modify genetic and external environmental influences to determine the course of aging in individuals.
Language ability, executive functioning and behaviour in school-age children.

Background Many children with language impairment present with deficits in other areas, including executive functioning (EF), attention and behaviour. Similarly, many children receiving services for attention or behaviour problems have deficits in language ability. Aims To evaluate the relations among EF, language ability and behaviour problems in a sample of school-age children with a wide range of language and behaviour profiles. The following research questions were addressed: Does performance on EF tasks predict language ability? Do language ability and EF predict problems with attention, internalizing and/or externalizing? Methods & Procedures EF was defined as referring to the separable, yet related, processes of shifting, updating working memory and inhibition as specified in the latent variable model of EF. Children aged 8–11 years recruited from an urban school district completed standardized language and cognitive assessments and a computerized task assessing EF. Their parents completed standardized questionnaires assessing the children's EF and problem behaviours. Regression analyses were conducted. Outcomes & Results Regression analyses revealed that EF did not contribute to language ability beyond the variance accounted for by nonverbal reasoning. Language ability contributed to attention problems when entered as a single predictor, but was no longer significant when the EF measures were added to the model. Language ability did not significantly contribute to internalizing or externalizing behaviour problems. Parent-reported inhibition was a robust predictor of attention, internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems. Conclusions & Implications In this sample of school-age children, language ability was related to attention problems, but not to internalizing or externalizing. Children with behaviour problems may have particular difficulty with inhibition.
Depression of synaptic efficacy in high- and low-output Drosophila neuromuscular junctions by the molting hormone (20-HE).

Depression of synaptic efficacy in high- and low-outputDrosophila neuromuscular junctions by the molting hormone (20-HE). The molt-related steroid hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE), was applied t...
« Se sentir chez soi » au musée : Tentatives de fusion des sensoria dans les musées de société

Comment presenter la complexite sensorielle et symbolique d’une culture a l’interieur d’un espace museal qui possede lui-meme un regime sensoriel souvent limite a la perception visuelle ? Cet article cherche a comprendre le role des perceptions sensorielles dans l’espace museal a travers l’analyse de la nouvelle exposition permanente C’est notre histoire. Premieres Nations et Inuit du XXIe siecle du Musee de la civilisation a Quebec. En comparant les realites sensorielles autochtones en Amerique du Nord et la presentation qui en est faite au Musee a travers trois exemples, nous demontrerons comment les strategies de presentation d’objets faisant appel aux sens permettent au visiteur de se plonger dans les environnements autochtones et d’en saisir plus adequatement la symbolique et l’importance culturelle. Malgre les efforts apportes lors de la phase preparatoire, ou plusieurs representants et communautes autochtones ont ete consultes sur le contenu et le design de l’exposition, les objets exposes ne correspondent pas adequatement aux idees que voulaient y traduire les Premieres Nations et Inuit. Ces derniers ont clairement exprime vouloir se « sentir chez eux » dans cet espace museal, mais n’ont pas reussi a pleinement s’y identifier etant donne le fosse creuse entre le sensorium museal et les sensoria autochtones.
Thrust vector control by liquid injection into rocket nozzles

An analytical model is constructed to represent the interaction between the injected liquid and the supersonic stream by considering the mechanism of atomization, the rate of evaporation, and the motion of droplets, based on the injectant and gas properties. The body shape because of the generated vapor is calculated from basic drag equations; then the flow interference pattern, including the shock waves owing to turbulent boundary-layer separation, is investigated. The total side force is computed by summing the reaction force due to the liquid jet, the force due to the excess pressure on the nozzle wall downstream of the shock pattern, and the contribution due to the separated region. Numerical examples are presented for two cases, results of which compare favorably with available test data.
The relationship between short-run pricing and investment timing: The port pricing and expansion example

Abstract A dynamic program for generating monopoly profit-maximizing pricing and expansion policies for a port facing a continuously shifting, price-dependent demand and a series of discrete investment alternatives is described. A related algorithm for generating the societal income-maximizing policy is presented. These models demonstrate the coupling between short-run pricing and investment timing. In contrast to much of the literature in the area, they argue that under all but completely theoretical situations there is no “structural” conflict between short-run allocative efficiency (marginal cost pricing) and long-run allocative efficiency (attracting the proper level of capital).
Similarities between rivers and submarine channels

Scientists have long known that the width and depth of rivers follows a power law relationship with discharge. They have also noticed that submarine channels appear to be similar to terrestrial rivers, but there have not been many systematic comparisons of the relationships between submarine channel morphology and discharge. Konsoer et al. compared the width, depth, and slope of 177 submarine channels to those of 231 river cross sections. They found that submarine channels are up to an order of magnitude wider and deeper than the largest terrestrial rivers, but they exhibit a similar power law relationship between width and depth. For submarine channels that were similar in size to rivers, the authors found that submarine channels tend to be 1 to 2 orders of magnitude steeper than rivers. The authors also inferred values for sediment concentration in the turbidity currents in the channels and combined this with estimated mean flow velocities to look for a relationship between discharge and morphology in the channels. They found that like rivers, the width and depth of the submarine channels follow a power law scaling with discharge. (Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface, doi:10.1029/2012JF002422, 2013)
Correlation of chromium sesquioxide and [14C]cellulose as fecal markers in rats.

SummaryTail-cupped rats were fed diets of varying cellulose contents. At the end of a 3-day period rats were given a pulse dose of a diet labeled with [14C]cellulose and chromium sesquioxide. The results demonstrate that passage of chromium sesquioxide was highly correlated with passage of [14C]cellulose and this correlation was independent of either marker's correlation with fecal dry matter. These results indicate that use of chromium sesquioxide as a fecal marker is a good estimate of cellulose passage in the tail-cupped rat.
Management of Pediatric Asthma: Focus on the Expert Panel Report 3

DEFINITION AND IMPACT OF ASTHMA Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways involving numerous cell types and mediators. Patients with asthma exhibit variable and recurring symptoms, including recurrent episodes of cough or wheeze, breathlessness, and chest tightness (National Asthma Education and Prevention Program [NAEPP], 2007). The airflow obstruction responsible for the symptoms is largely reversible and related to bronchial smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction), inflammation of the airway mucosal surface leading to edema and increased mucus production, and hyperresponsiveness or increased bronchial reactivity. Asthma is unique because it has a significant direct impact on people across the continuum of life, from the young to the very old. It is a leading diagnosis among children and is associated with significant morbidity as measured in exacerbations, missed days of school, and decreased quality of life. According to national statistics, more than 20 million people in the United States have asthma, including 9 million children and adolescents (American Lung Association, 2005; Dey, Schiller, & Tai, 2004). In other surveys, nearly 12% of children report an asthma diagnosis, and the prevalence is disproportionately higher among lower socioeconomic groups (Bloom & Dey, 2006; Cloutier, Hall, Wakefield, & Bailit, 2005). Children experience 4 million asthma attacks annually, and 44% of hospitalizations for this disease occur in children (Hall & Owings, 2002). In 2002, 14.7 million days were missed from school reportedly due to asthma. Diagnosis is challenging in young children who often present with transient
The Effects of Federal Housing Assistance on Exiting Welfare and Becoming Employed for Welfare Recipients

Welfare reform's success in encouraging employment may be affected by the federal housing program because many households receive welfare and housing assistance. Housing assistance could discourage employment because housing subsidies are reduced proportionally with earnings; alternatively, it could encourage employment by increasing stability and allowing more resources to be allocated toward employment-related expenses. We examine housing assistance's effects on exiting welfare and becoming employed. Remaining on welfare is positively associated with receiving housing assistance, but fixed effects models suggest this is due to correlation with unmeasured factors rather than a causal effect. We find little association between housing assistance and employment.
High frequency of immune dysfunctions in asbestos workers and in patients with malignant mesothelioma.

We have examined the primary immune responses, the numbers of total T (T11+) cells, T-helper (T4+) cells, T-suppressor (T8+) cells, and natural killer (NK) (Leu7+) cells, in 118 healthy control subjects and compared the data to those obtained from 20 patients with clinically diagnosed malignant mesothelioma and 375 long-term asbestos workers without neoplasia. The absolute numbers of total T (T11+) and T-helper (T4+) cells were normal in asbestos workers without neoplasia but were significantly reduced in patients with mesothelioma. T-suppressor (T8+) cells, on the other hand, remained unchanged in the patients but were significantly elevated among the asbestos workers. This resulted in a marked reduction in T-helper (Th) to T-suppressor (Ts) ratios in mesothelioma patients and in asbestos workers. Seventy percent of the mesothelioma patients (14 of 20) had significantly depressed NK-cell activity which could be augmented but not normalized by coincubation in patients' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with interferon (IFN). Among the asbestos workers three distinctive subgroups could be identified: heightened (H-NK), normal (N-NK), and low (L-NK) NK activity. The NK activity of the L-NK group could be stimulated but not normalized by coincubation with IFN, a finding closely resembling that in malignant mesothelioma patients. Phenotyping of the circulating NK cells revealed a unique Leu7+ subset in increased numbers with a brightly fluorescent property in stable mesothelioma patients with relatively stable or slowly progressive disease and in more than 30% of the asbestos workers. The reduced Th/Ts ratio and NK-cell function among these asbestos workers at high risk may be a direct consequence of asbestos exposure and might not be related to neoplastic processes.
Method for direct multiway branching in microprogram control

A new technique is proposed for simultaneously executing multiway branching with PLAs. The basic structure consists of three units: the microcode ROM, the microsequencer PLA and a register counter. The main idea is to store only branching information in PLA, exploiting the associative addressing properties of the latter. Benefits in speed and memory space are obtained.
Anisotropic Diffusion and Morphology in Perfluorosulfonate Ionomers Investigated by NMR

Anisotropy in ionomer membranes represents a powerful interaction for modulating properties such as mechanical moduli, thermal expansions, and small molecule transport, all tunable via controlled processing. We observe uniform hydrophilic channel alignment in three perfluorosulfonate ionomer membrane types, quantified by 2H NMR spectroscopy of absorbed D2O molecules. Our measurements show biaxial or uniaxial in-plane alignment for extruded membranes, but uniaxial through-plane alignment for dispersion-cast membranes, and further demonstrate affine swelling with both water uptake and thermal expansion. In order to correlate alignment data with a quantity relevant to proton transport, we measure the anisotropy of water self-diffusion using pulsed-field-gradient NMR along different membrane directions. Extruded membranes with stronger alignment exhibit 18% faster in-plane diffusion than through-plane diffusion, while diffusion anisotropy is minimal for weakly aligned membranes. These results should lead to a...
Assignment of the murine interferon sensitivity and cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase genes to chromosome 16

Both hybrids of mouse and human microcells and whole cell hybrids generated by the fusion of primary mouse cells and SV40-transformed human fibroblasts were used to establish the syntenic association of the murine cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase and the interferon sensitivity genes on mouse chromosome 16. This assignment adds two new markers to chromosome 16 and provides another example of an evolutionarily conserved linkage. This finding also provides an animal model both for cellular responsiveness to interferon and for Down's syndrome.
Highly nitrated cyclopropanes as new high energy materials: DFT calculations on the properties of C3H6−n(NO2)n (n = 3–6)

Abstract As part of a continuing study of new potential high energy materials, here we present results of calculations on cyclopropane molecules with three or more nitro groups. DFT calculations suggest that all molecules can exist as minimum-energy stationary states. Energy calculations indicate that some nitrocyclopropanes have a specific enthalpy of decomposition in excess of 8 kJ g −1 , suggesting that they be explored as new potential high energy materials.
Solar thermal technologies - Potential benefits to U.S. utilities and industry

Solar energy systems were investigated which complement nuclear and coal technologies as a means of reducing the U.S. dependence on imported petroleum. Solar Thermal Energy Systems (STES) represents an important category of solar energy technologies. STES can be utilized in a broad range of applications servicing a variety of economic sectors, and they can be deployed in both near-term and long-term markets. The net present value of the energy cost savings attributable to electric utility and IPH applications of STES were estimated for a variety of future energy cost scenarios and levels of R&D success. This analysis indicated that the expected net benefits of developing an STES option are significantly greater than the expected costs of completing the required R&D. In addition, transportable fuels and chemical feedstocks represent a substantial future potential market for STES. Due to the basic nature of this R&D activity, however, it is currently impossible to estimate the value of STES in these markets. Despite this fact, private investment in STES R&D is not anticipated due to the high level of uncertainty characterizing the expected payoffs. Previously announced in STAR as N83-10547
Probing the Active Site of Cytochrome P450 2B1: Metabolism of 7-Alkoxycoumarins by the Wild Type and Five Site-Directed Mutants†

A series of 7-alkoxycoumarins (chain length of 1-7 carbon atoms) was utilized as active site probes of purified Escherichia coli-expressed cytochrome P450 2B1 wild type and five site-directed mutants (I114V, F206L, V363A, V363L, and G478S). The production of 7-hydroxycoumarin, the O-dealkylation product, by the wild-type enzyme exhibited a rank order of C2 > C4 > C3 > C1 > C5 > C6 = C7. The pattern observed for the P450 I114V mutant was similar to that of the wild-type enzyme, whereas with F206L and G478S mutants, the rate of O-dealkylation was low with all the compounds. In contrast, with V363A, the highest rate of product formation was observed with 7-butoxycoumarin. The V363L mutant preferentially catalyzed the O-dealkylation of 7-methoxy- and 7-ethoxycoumarin, and a further increase in the length of the alkyl chain led to a marked decrease in product formation. The stoichiometry of 7-butoxycoumarin oxidation by V363L suggested that products other than 7-hydroxycoumarin were also formed. HPLC and GC-EIMS analyses revealed that P450 2B1 V363L produced 7-(3-hydroxybutoxy)coumarin and 7-(4-hydroxybutoxy)coumarin as major oxidation products, while the V363A mutant mainly catalyzed the O-dealkylation of 7-butoxycoumarin. Docking of alkoxycoumarins into the active site of a P450 2B1 homology model confirmed the importance of the studied residues in substrate dealkylation and explained the formation of novel 7-butoxycoumarin products by the V363L mutant.