cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A 360 fJ/conversion-step, 14-bit, 100 MS/s, digitally background calibrated pipelined ADC in 130-nm CMOS

This paper describes a 14-bit digitally background calibrated pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) implemented in a mainstream 130-nm CMOS technology. The proposed calibration technique linearizes the digital output to correct for errors resulting from capacitor mismatch, finite amplifier gain, voltage reference errors and differential offsets. The software-based calibration technique requires quite modest digital resources and its estimated dynamic power is under 1 % of the ADC power consumption. After calibration, the 14-bit ADC achieves a measured peak Signal-to-Noise-plus-Distortion-Ratio of 71.1 dB at 100 MS/s sampling rate. The worst-case integral nonlinearity is improved from 32.9 down to 4 Least-Significant-Bits after calibration. The chip occupies an active area of 1.25 mm2 and the core ADC (S/H+analog+digital power) consumes 105 mW. The Figure-of-Merit is 360 fJ per conversion-step.
Tissue correlations in linear samples

Abstract A line sample is made through an aggregate of many tissue types. The question treated is whether the observed distribution of heterotype contacts is consistent with a random placement of the tissues. A generating function in the form of a weighted Markov chain is set up and analyzed for various assumptions as to a priori probabilities. The case in which all tissue types but the pair being assayed are combined in a communal tissue is solved explicitly in the limit of a large sample. Corrections due to finite sample size and to the detailed structure of the communal tissue are carried out.
Expression, Purification, and Characterization of the Human Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand (RANKL) Extracellular Domain

Receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is a type II transmembrane protein found on osteoblasts which functions as a major determinant of osteoclast differentiation and activation. RANKL mediates bone homeostasis through binding to the cognate ligand on osteoclasts, RANK, and a soluble decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). We designed a construct encoding the extracellular domain of human RANKL that conformed to reports of native processing. To encourage folding and posttranslational modification of a normally membrane-inserted moiety, we expressed the RANKL truncate as a secreted protein using the signal sequence from OPG in a Trichoplusia ni cell line using a baculovirus expression vector. RANKL was purified by a three-step process including an OPG-Fc affinity column. SDS-PAGE and mass spectral analysis indicated that the protein was >99% pure and glycosylated. Circular dichroism spectra revealed that the protein exhibited structural elements similar to tumor necrosis factor-alpha. By BIAcore analysis, RANKL bound to OPG with an affinity of 6.7 nM. Sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation analyses established that our protein existed as a trimer. We conclude that our expressed human RANKL truncate is folded, is functional, and exhibits self-association consistent with other family members.
Quality control in exercise testing

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a technically demanding procedure. Most current testing systems are self-contained and can be configured to allow relatively little operator interface during the procedure. Internal quality control procedures are convenient but limited. In a busy laboratory, one can rely too heavily on the internal quality control software and not critically evaluate the actual data. In this paper, we will discuss potential errors in exercise testing and offer suggestions to avoid them. Because manufacturers are continually introducing new models and improving old ones, we have not compared specific exercise testing systems. We advise laboratory directors and technical personnel to schedule time for regular routine quality control checks and evaluation of the quality of exercise testing data.
Exemplars as Case Studies: Reflections on the Links Between Theory, Practice, and Context

Responding to the call for more research on the practice of evaluation and its link to theory, this article uses the interviews conducted with exemplary evaluators or exemplars in the American Journal of Evaluation as cases to describe and analyze the practice of exemplary evaluators. Dimensions of analysis included context, purpose, advance organizers, breadth and depth of stakeholder involvement, method proclivity, and use of results. Results showed that on these cases, evaluators differed on purpose, advance organizers, and choices on breadth or depth of stakeholder involvement. Determining merit and worth was a frequent and primary purpose for many. All used mixed methods, but varied in the confidence they placed in different methods. Instrumental use was identified in each evaluation. Some evaluators’ practice was congruent with theories; others were more atheoretical. Differences were often nuanced, influenced by both context and evaluator proclivity.
Symptomatic subclavian vein stenosis and occlusion in hemodialysis patients with transvenous pacemakers

The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and timing of complications associated with ipsilateral transvenous pacemakers and hemodialysis access, including subclavian vein stenosis and occlusion, and assess their impact on dialysis access patency. All patients who had pacemakers placed at St. Francis Medical Center were reviewed during the 10-year period from 1988 to 1998. Patients requiring chronic hemodialysis were identified and their demographic data, the presence of arm swelling, and fistula patency were noted. Development of subclavian vein stenosis and occlusion was documented by venography in symptomatic patients. The ultimate outcome of dialysis access was recorded. During the 10-year period 495 patients had transvenous pacemakers placed. Twenty patients were identified with renal failure requiring hemodialysis and 14 had hemodialysis access in the extremity ipsilateral to the pacemaker. Ten (10/14, 71%) patients developed symptoms of subclavian stenosis, including venous hypertension, high recirculation rate, arm swelling, pain, and neurologic symptoms. Eighty percent (8/10) of symptomatic patients had subclavian vein occlusion. All 10 symptomatic patients required ligation of the hemodialysis access to control symptoms. The four asymptomatic patients expired within 6 months of placement of the pacemaker or hemodialysis access from unrelated causes. There is a high incidence of complications in patients who have ipsilateral pacemakers and hemodialysis access. The presence of pacemaker electrodes in the subclavian vein and the flow associated with hemodialysis may accelerate the occurrence of subclavian venous stenosis and occlusion. Patients who did not develop symptoms may have expired before venous outflow obstruction could develop. Vascular surgeons and cardiac surgeons/cardiologists need to coordinate their procedures to avoid ipsilateral transvenous pacemakers and hemodialysis access.
A Comparative Study into Two Dual Fluorescent Mechanisms via Positional Isomers of N-hydroxyarene-1,8-naphthalimides

Three isomers of hydroxy substituted N-aryl-1, 8-naphthalimides based on N-aryl naphthalic anhydride fluorophore have been synthesized. The decrease in fluorescence intensity from ortho to para substitution of hydroxy group on N-aryl reveals that para substituted isomer undergoes ESEC (Excited State with Extended Conjugation) mechanism which is proved by low quantum yield and appearance of dual emission. The ortho isomer, however, has high quantum yield and no tautomer emission, indicating ESIPT (Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer) mechanism is not operating. Similarly, all these isomers show strong fluorescence quenching in presence of strong H-bonding solvents like DMSO and pyridine, but there was neither the shift of emission bands nor the appearance of new bands for proton transfer to these solvents. Thus, it also indicates the absence of excited state proton transfer mechanism. Both the ortho isomer, and to a greater degree the meta isomer, showed larger quenching constants (Kapp) with pyridine than DMSO. This trend opposes the hydrogen-bond affinity for these solvents with phenol and points to a 2-point recognition interaction. In addition, a naphthalimide derivative using 2-aminoimidazole was prepared and examined for optimal positioning of a six-membered ring hydrogen bond pattern. No dual fluorescence was observed for this compound either.
Differential Immune Lysis of Erythroblasts

WE have investigated the stage in erythroblast maturation at which erythrocyte membrane antigens first appear, using an antiserum which lysed rabbit erythrocytes. Mature acidophilic erythroblasts were lysed with a lower concentration of antiserum (complement in excess) than were the less mature basophilic cells.
Expanding your laboratory by accessing collaboratory resources.

The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL) in Richland, Washington, is the home of a research facility setup by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The facility is atypical because it houses over 100 cutting-edge research systems for the use of researchers all over the United States and the world. Access to the lab is requested through a peer-review proposal process and the scientists who use the facility are generally referred to as ‘users’. There are six main research facilities housed in EMSL, all of which host visiting researchers. Several of these facilities also participate in the EMSL Collaboratory, a remote access capability supported by EMSL operations funds. Of these, the High-Field Magnetic Resonance Facility (HFMRF) and Molecular Science Computing Facility (MSCF) have a significant number of their users performing remote work. The HFMRF in EMSL currently houses 12 NMR spectrometers that range in magnet field strength from 7.05T to 21.1T. Staff associated with the NMR facility offers scientific expertise in the areas of structural biology, solid-state materials/catalyst characterization, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. The way in which the HFMRF operates, with a high level of dedication to remote operation across the full suite of High-Field NMR spectrometers, hasmore » earned it the name “Virtual NMR Facility”. This review will focus on the operational aspects of remote research done in the High-Field Magnetic Resonance Facility and the computer tools that make remote experiments possible.« less
Measurement of Heterogeneous Reaction Rates during Indium-Mediated Allylation

Indium-mediated allylation provides remarkable stereo- and regioselectivity, and it proceeds easily and in high yield in aqueous solutions. In spite of its widespread use, there have been few fundamental studies of this reaction. We have developed a photomicrographic technique for measuring rates of reaction of allyl halides at indium surfaces, and we describe the mathematical model for discriminating between diffusion and kinetic control. The measurements demonstrate that this reaction is diffusion controlled, and the minimum value of the heterogeneous rate constant is 1 x 10(-3) cm s(-1). These results broaden the applicability of photomicroscopy for measuring heterogeneous rates of reactions that result in consumption of solid metals.
40Ar/39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin

Abstract Laser-fusion 40Ar/39Ar analysis of four bentonite horizons produces the first absolute ages for the 860-m-thick Kaiparowits Formation and resolves previous age uncertainty caused by ambiguous biostratigraphy. A late Campanian (Judithian) age of ca. 76.1–74.0 Ma is determined, resulting in a high-resolution temporal framework for the richly fossiliferous formation. Detailed stratigraphic correlation reveals that the Kaiparowits Formation is contemporaneous with many of the most important vertebrate fossil-bearing formations in the Western Interior Basin, and with other well-studied strata across Utah and southeastern Wyoming, including portions of the Book Cliffs sequence. The Judithian age determination and correlations for the Kaiparowits Formation presented here provide a new chronological basis for addressing questions relating to mammal biostratigraphy, vertebrate evolution, biodiversity and paleobiogeography (e.g., dinosaur provincialism) in the Cretaceous Western Interior Basin.
The mismatch between urban women's preferences for and experiences with primary care.

Abstract Socioeconomic disparities in women’s primary care experiences have been described previously. To better understand whether these disparities reflect personal preferences for primary care, rather than insurance or other access barriers, we conducted a telephone survey of a community-based sample of 1,205 women in Washington, DC. The study found that women of lower socioeconomic status had poorer primary care experiences compared with higher income counterparts, despite similarly high preferences for primary care. The poorer primary care experiences of lower socioeconomic status women were attenuated by better access to primary care. Differences in primary care attainment are not solely a matter of personal preferences; rather, they appear to be more strongly related to barriers to obtaining care.
Technical problems of deploying standard initiative of national city true orthophoto mapping

This paper presents our preliminary experimental results on the encountered many problems when producing urban true orthoimages of downtown, where a number of high buildings present. These problems, mainly including building occlusions, street visibility, shadows, incomplete refilling, digital surface model, quality of source images, and the existing orthorectification models, may be common to true orthoimage generation in other areas with similar conditions. These problems along with our analysis to them are presented with details in the paper. Based on the analysis, this paper also proposes some possible solutions to minimize the effects of these problems on the final true orthoimage outputs.
Phenotyping Chronic Pelvic Pain Based on Latent Class Modeling of Physical Examination

Introduction. Defining clinical phenotypes based on physical examination is required for clarifying heterogeneous disorders such as chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The objective of this study was to determine the number of classes within 4 examinable regions and then establish threshold and optimal exam criteria for the classes discovered. Methods. A total of 476 patients meeting the criteria for CPP were examined using pain pressure threshold (PPT) algometry and standardized numeric scale (NRS) pain ratings at 30 distinct sites over 4 pelvic regions. Exploratory factor analysis, latent profile analysis, and ROC curves were then used to identify classes, optimal examination points, and threshold scores. Results. Latent profile analysis produced two classes for each region: high and low pain groups. The optimal examination sites (and high pain minimum thresholds) were for the abdominal wall region: the pair at the midabdomen (PPT threshold depression of > 2); vulvar vestibule region: 10:00 position (NRS > 2); pelvic floor region: puborectalis (combined NRS > 6); vaginal apex region: uterosacral ligaments (combined NRS > 8). Conclusion. Physical examination scores of patients with CPP are best categorized into two classes: high pain and low pain. Standardization of the physical examination in CPP provides both researchers and general gynecologists with a validated technique.
Bootstrapping of sample sizes for length- or age-composition data used in stock assessments

Integrated stock assessment models derive estimates of management quantities by fitting to indices of abundance and length and age compositions. For composition data, where a multinomial likelihood...
A simple model of growth form-dependent recovery from disease in coral reef sponges, and implications for monitoring

For clonal organisms that can suffer high levels of partial mortality and still recover, the conditions that influence infection and development of disease (e.g., abiotic stressors, population density) may be very different from the conditions that influence recovery. Recovery from infectious disease may increase if an individual can mount a defense before infection spreads throughout its body. If pathogens spread within an organism from an initial infection point, growth form—in conjunction with size—can influence the amount of time before all the tissue is diseased, and recovery precluded. A simple model of pathogen progression within individual sponges predicts that species with massive growth forms will be most susceptible to being overwhelmed by pathogen infection, and branching species will be most likely to recover. These predictions may help to explain the seemingly contradictory observations that branching species had the greatest prevalence of disease, and massive species the greatest rate of loss, in a monitored coral reef community. Disease may be observed disproportionately frequently in the organisms that are most likely to recover, resulting in underestimation, by standard monitoring procedures, of the effect of disease on losses from the community.
Trajectories of Recurring Victimization Among People With Major Mental Disorders

Relatively little is known about the violent victimization experiences of people with major mental disorders. Moreover, to date, no studies have examined recurring violent victimization experiences of people with major mental disorders. Using a risk heterogeneity framework commonly used in the study of recurring victimization, the current study examines the extent of recurring victimization among people with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) Axis I mental disorders and trajectories of recurring violent victimization (n = 262), across four waves of data collected during a 1-year longitudinal study. Multilevel logistic regression analyses tested disorder, time, and time by disorder cross-level interactions predicting recurring victimization. Results suggest that recurring violent victimization is not uncommon among mentally disordered victims of violence, with 64% of victims experiencing a recurring victimization at a later point in time. However, trajectories of recurring violent victimization are not uniform across types of mental illness. Indeed, individuals diagnosed with a substance abuse disorder or major depression show significantly declining trajectories across the follow-up period whereas individuals diagnosed with a manic disorder or a schizophrenia spectrum disorder have flat trajectories of recurring violent victimization across the study period. Results of tests for cross-level interactions between disorder type and time demonstrate that individuals with a major depression or substance abuse/dependence diagnosis are significantly different from those with a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis in their trajectories of recurring victimization.
Absence of L-Selectin Delays Mucosal B Cell Responses in Nonintestinal Effector Tissues

Previous studies suggest that lymphocyte trafficking to head and neck lymph nodes, also referred to as cranial-, oral-, nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (CONALT), is L-selectin (L-Sel) dependent, despite coexpression of α4β7, resulting in their marked reduction in L-Sel-deficient (L-Sel−/−) mice. Consequently, early phase (16 days) Ab responses to cholera toxin (CT) are diminished. The following studies reveal that lack of mucosal effector responses is not caused by loss of inductive immune responses in the L-Sel−/− CONALT. Indeed, there was an increased accumulation of total IgA, but not Ag-specific IgA Ab-forming cells (AFC) in L-Sel−/− CONALT. This increased accumulation was not evident in L-Sel+/+ CONALT. Identification of lymphocyte-homing receptors on L-Sel−/− and L-Sel+/+ CONALT lymphocytes revealed no significant differences in expression of α4β7, which might contribute to lymphocyte homing in the absence of L-Sel. Studies of CONALT responses during the late phase (6 wk post-intranasal immunization) revealed the number of lymphocytes recovered from L-Sel−/− CONALT was less than L-Sel+/+ CONALT; however, L-Sel−/− CT-specific and total AFC did not vary from 16-day responses, suggesting a defect in CT-specific B cell export. No significant differences in α4β7 expression between L-Sel−/− and L-Sel+/+ CONALT were noted. Yet, these increases in CONALT AFC correlated with restoration of immunity in L-Sel−/− nasal passages and reproductive tracts.
A k-norm pruning algorithm for decision tree classifiers based on error rate estimation

Decision trees are well-known and established models for classification and regression. In this paper, we focus on the estimation and the minimization of the misclassification rate of decision tree classifiers. We apply Lidstone's Law of Succession for the estimation of the class probabilities and error rates. In our work, we take into account not only the expected values of the error rate, which has been the norm in existing research, but also the corresponding reliability (measured by standard deviations) of the error rate. Based on this estimation, we propose an efficient pruning algorithm, called k-norm pruning, that has a clear theoretical interpretation, is easily implemented, and does not require a validation set. Our experiments show that our proposed pruning algorithm produces accurate trees quickly, and compares very favorably with two other well-known pruning algorithms, CCP of CART and EBP of C4.5.
Capacity of Prestressed Concrete Containment Vessels with Prestressing Loss

Reduced prestressing and degradation of prestressing tendons in concrete containment vessels were investigated using finite element analysis of a typical prestressed containment vessel. The containment was analyzed during a loss of coolant accident (LOCA) with varying levels of prestress loss and with reduced tendon area. It was found that when selected hoop prestressing tendons were completely removed (as if broken) or when the area of selected hoop tendons was reduced, there was a significant impact on the ultimate capacity of the containment vessel. However, when selected hoop prestressing tendons remained, but with complete loss of prestressing, the predicted ultimate capacity was not significantly affected for this specific loss of coolant accident. Concrete cracking occurred at much lower levels for all cases. For cases where selected vertical tendons were analyzed with reduced prestressing or degradation of the tendons, there also was not a significant impact on the ultimate load carrying capacity for the specific accident analyzed. For other loading scenarios (such as seismic loading) the loss of hoop prestressing with the tendons remaining could be more significant on the ultimate capacity of the containment vessel than found for the accident analyzed. A combination of loss of prestressing and degradation of the vertical tendons could also be more critical during other loading scenarios.
Integrating policy and decision making into undergraduate science education.

Scientists gathered in Mill Valley [CA] Thursday as part of a fact-finding mission to determine what effect the Drakes Bay Oyster Co. has on the ecology of Drakes Estero. The company’s lease allowing it to grow and harvest oysters in Drakes Estero ends in 2012, and the Point Reyes National Seashore wants to turn it into a wilderness area thereafter. But owner Kevin Lunny said the operation causes no harm and may help the ecosystem. He wants to stay. The National Research Council—an arm of the National Academy of Sciences—was tapped by the National Park Service to examine the issue at the request of Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D.-Calif. That process began Thursday as the nine members of the committee—including experts in agriculture, disease, marine sciences and oceanography—heard from a variety of people connected to the issue in what had the feel of a courtroom at the Aqua Hotel . . .
Atmospheric wet deposition of mercury and other trace elements in Pensacola, Florida

Abstract. In an effort to understand and quantify the impact of local, regional, and far-distant atmospheric mercury sources to rainfall mercury deposition in the Pensacola, Florida watershed, a program of event-based rainfall sampling was started in late 2004. Modified Aerochem-Metrics wet/dry rainfall samplers were deployed at three sites in the region around the Crist coal-fired power plant and event-based samples were collected continuously for three years. Samples were analyzed for total Hg and a suite of trace elements including Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, La, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, P, Pb, Sb, Se, Si, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, and Zn. Nutrients (ammonia and nitrate) and major anions (chloride and sulfate) were also measured on each sample. Multivariate statistical methods were used to sort these tracers into factors that represent potential source categories contributing to the rainfall chemistry. As, Hg, Sb, Se, Sn, and non sea-salt sulfate were all significantly correlated (R>0.6) with one factor which we interpret as an anthropogenic source term reflecting input from coal combustion throughout the southeastern US. Using ratios of total Hg to volatile elements, we estimate that 22–33% of the rainfall Hg results from coal combustion in the southeastern US with the majority coming from the global background.
Controversies in the management of vesicoureteral reflux: The rationale for the RIVUR study *

The current management of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) focuses on the prevention of urinary tract infections (UTI), with curative surgery being limited to those children that fail conservative measures. This is based on the assumption that UTIs are preventable with the use of prophylatic antibiotics, leading to reduction of renal scarring, and the possibility that VUR in children can resolve spontaneously. Methods: Review of the recent literature has demonstrated a growing concern that antibiotic prophylaxis may not lead to prevention of UTIs. Additionally, data indicate that renal scarring may not be preventable with antibiotic prophylaxis or even surgical correction of VUR. An over- view of all of the current controversies is presented in this paper. Results: Does antibiotic prophylaxis lead to reduction in UTIs in children with VUR? To address this question, the National Institutes of Health have developed a randomized placebo- controlled study of children with VUR (the RIVUR Study), identified following the development of a UTI. Conclusions: There are far reaching consequences of the results of the RIVUR Study. If antibi- otic prophylaxis does not prevent UTI in children with VUR, or lead to reduction in renal scar- ring, does identification of VUR provide any benefits? Perhaps appropriate treatment of UTI may be all that is necessary for preserving renal function. Final answers will have to wait until
von Willebrand disease type1/type 2N compound heterozygotes: diagnostic and management challenges

Keywords: von Willebrand disease; von Willebrand factor; factor VIII; bleeding; genetics of thrombosis and haemostasis
Particle Impact Damage of Engineering Ceramics

Sharp-particle impact of ceramics can lead to strength degradation and material loss through erosive wear. The strength degradation and erosive wear of a wide range of alumina and silicon nitride ceramics, varying in purity and grain size, as well as zirconia toughened ceramics was determined as a function of temperature up to 1000°C and impacting particle (SiC) kinetic energy (50 to 20,000 μJ). Since it is believed that sharp-particle impact damage of ceramics can be modeled by the idealized radial and lateral crack system produced by a Vickers indenter, static indentation damage in the same materials was studied using a Vickers microhardness indenter. Crack-microstructure interactions were characterized by SEM. The erosion results are compared to predictions based on an indentation fracture mechanics model that takes into account crack resistance toughening. Large grain size and toughened materials exhibit the strongest R-curve behavior and this results in strength degradation being less sensitive to the kinetic energy of the impacting particles. On the other hand, erosive wear was not significantly dependent on crack resistance toughening. Erosion temperatures up to 1000°C had little affect on erosive wear; however, post-erosion strength generally increased due to an annealing out of the localized residual stress around the impact flaw.
Action of cortisone on developing chick embryo.

Summary1. Chick embryos at 8 days of incubation were given one-half or one mg of cortisone acetate by injection onto the chorioallantoic membrane. 2. The one-half mg dose resulted in a reduction of the liver to approximately 86% of the control weight. 3. In the one mg series, the liver was relatively smaller and the eyes and gonads were relatively larger on the basis of 100 g of body weight. In absolute values, the entire embryo and all organs were greatly reduced in size. 4. Measurements of body length, neck, wings and legs after treatment with one mg cortisone indicated the greatest degree of growth inhibition during 8 to 10 days of incubation for all except the legs. 5. A comparison of wet and dry weights from day 10 through day 18 of incubation showed that cortisone-treated embryos retained water. This retention becomes statistically significant at 15 days of incubation.
alpha- and beta-Adrenergic effects on Na, K, Cl, and HCO3 transport in perfused salivary duct during sympathetic nerve stimulation.

SummaryEffects of stimulation of α- and β-adrenergic receptors on transport of Na, K, and Cl by ductal epithelial cells were studied in luminally perfused main excretory duct of rat submaxillary gland with isotonic bicarbonate-saline solution. Either phenoxybenz-amine or propranolol (5 mg/kg body wt) was given i.p. 25 min prior to the stimulation of the sympathetic innervation to the gland. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve in the presence of phenoxybenzamine decreased net Na and K fluxes by 26 and 39%, respectively, while net efflux of Cl was increased by 70% and net influx of HCO3 about 65%. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve in the presence of propranolol caused a decrease of 39% in net efflux of Na and a decrease of 32% in net influx of K; no changes in net flux of Cl and HCO3 were observed. Stimulation of the sympathetic nerve modifies electrolyte transport by duct cells, and present work shows that a reduction in net fluxes of Na and K can be induced by either α- or β - adrenergic stimulation. ...
Effect of 6-mercaptopurine on enzymes of the polymorphonuclear leuocyte.

SummaryMononuclear cell infiltration of an egg albumin-induced skin lesion is preceded by infiltration with polymorphonuclear cells. In rabbits in which mononuclear cell infiltration of this lesion was suppressed by 6-MP, the possible effects of immunosuppression on the lysosomal enzyme content of the polymorphonuclear cells was investigated. The acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, and ribonuclease content of extracts of the polymorphonuclear cells of these animals were determined. In spite of adequate suppression of mononuclear infiltration of the induced skin lesion, no difference in the concentration of the three enzymes in the polymorphonuclear cells was noted. The results indicate that the failure of mononuclear cell infiltration in 6-MP-treated animals is not due to an effect on lysosomal enzyme synthesis in cells of the neutrophil series.
Effect and Mechanism of Polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L. on STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice Fed High-Fat Diet

Objective: To study the anti-diabetic effect and mechanism of polysaccharides form Portulaca oleracea L.(POPs) in STZ-induced diabetic mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods: Diabetic mice induced by streptozocin(STZ) and highfat diet were administered with POPs and the effects of POPs on FBG, OGTT, FINS, blood lipid, SOD, CAT and MDA were investigated. Results: POPs could improve the content of FBG and enhance FINS level. Meanwhile, POPs significantly suppressed the increase in blood glucose after 30 min. Blood lipid of diabetic mice also decreased after POPs treatment. Furthermore, POPs showed an obvious antioxidant effect through increasing SOD and CAT activities and decreasing MDA content in pancreas. Conclusion: POPs have obvious anti-diabetic and anti-hyperlipidemia effects on diabetic mice and the antioxidant effect may be a possible reason for the anti-diabetic effect.
Investigation on Edible Salt at Households Level in Rizhao of Shandong Provincein 2004

Objective To comprehend the prevalence of edible salt in households after iodized deficiency disorders eliminated in stage for evaluating continuable mechanism of interference measure and efficiency.Methods Edible salts were quantitatively tested in households by prevalence study randomly.Results There were 864 households at 27 villages and towns among 3 counties investigated with 826 shares of refined salts and 38 shares of crude salts.The percent of 859 shares of iodized salts,817 shares of eligible salts and 5 shares of non-iodized salts was 99.4%,94.6% and 0.6% respectively.Mean of iodized salts,coefficient of variation,median and range were 30.5±7.4mg/kg, 24.3%,29.7mg/kg and from 0 to 58.2mg/kg respectively.The coverage rate of every county and district was no less than 98%.The edible rate of eligible iodized salts was no less than 90%.Conclusions The edible rae of eligible salts in households of Rizhao is up to national criterion of eliminated IDD,though the strength of inspect,surveillance and popularization couldn' t be weakened.
A Case Study of the Training for an MTCSOL Student from Germany

The shortage of Chinese teachers in foreign countries may be alleviated with more MTCSOL students return home after their studies in China.A case study of an MTCSOL student from Germany was conducted in light of the cross-cultural adaptation theory to reveal the culture shock she experienced and how she coped with her problems during her stay in China.We hope our findings will shed more light on the development of education for oversea students and MTCSOL programs.
Current Status and Development Trend of Fire-proof Finishing Agents for Textile in China

The importance and necessity of fire-proof(anti-flaming) finishing for textiles, the mechanism and methods of textile fire-proof finishing and their testing methods were reviewed with 8 references. The current status and development trend of textile fire-proof finishing as well as the present production status of fire-proof agents in China were discussed and analyzed.
On the Data Mining Technology and Its Application

In recent years,with the rapid growth of data,how to dig out the data sent back potentially useful information,become a hot topic of concern to everyone,the resulting data mining techniques become more popular,a data-processing technology.This paper briefly introduces the concept of data mining,classification and the main method used,and finally introduces the application of data mining.
Chylothorax: a complication of subclavian vein catheterization and parenteral hyperalimentation

A case is presented in which a unique combination of events occurred as a complication of subclavian vein catheterization. Extravasation of intravenous hyperalimentation solution occurred, resulting in mediastinitis and venous obstruction of the jugulosubclavian confluence bilaterally. Bilateral chylothorax resulted which was successfully managed by conservative means. The methods used and the rationale for their employment are discussed.
Black Lives Matter: The Journey of a Black IT Scholar

In this paper, we focus on the lived experiences of a particular Black scholar in pursuit of a PhD in IT. The content of this paper was adapted from a dissertation that focused on identifying and analyzing the factors that support or undermine the achievement of Black males completing IT degrees and entering the workforce. The content of this paper centers around the factors that impacted the scholar. In light of the Black Lives Matter movement, we wanted to take a social issue and deconstruct it to apply it to academia. In order to accomplish this, we used a researcher's lived experiences as a Black male for the data for this paper. By the scholar's own admission, [blinded for review] has not reached the level of success that the scholar would like the scholar is still striving to reach those goals. These are goals that the likes of Trayvon Martin, Mike Brown, Dontre Hamilton, Eric Garner, John Crawford III, Ezell Ford and countless others no longer have, which sparked the Black Lives Matter movement.
Biological Control of Trace Metal Equilibria in Surface Waters

It has long been known that aquatic organisms can release organic compounds to their environment. While there are organics present from the decomposition of animals and, through excretion, as waste products from animals (Ferrante, 1976), most of the organics released to the aquatic environment are from plants (Fogg, 1951; Fogg, 1963; Gessner, 1965; Hellebust, 1965; Fogg, 1966; Forsberg and Taube, 1967; Khailov and Burlakova, 1969; Sieburth, 1969; Anderson and Zeutschel, 1970; Khailov and Finenko, 1970; Zajic, 1970; Berman, 1976). The compounds released by phytoplankton which form complexes with metals include amino acids, polypeptides, proteins, porphyrins, pterins, and purines (Khailov, 1964). The littoral marine alga, Fucus vesiculosus releases as much as 40% of the carbon which it fixes. Khailov and Burlakova (1969) found as much as 39% of brown algal (and 38% of red algal) production was released as soluble extracellular products. Phytoplankton can release as much as 50% of their carbon which has been photosynthetically fixed (Fogg, 1951; Berman, 1976). Fogg and Westlake (1955) speculated that the polypeptides extensively released by blue-green algae may form complexes with metals and have important effects on ecology. Most of the organic complexing capacity of sea water is due to autochthonous production of organic compounds (Davey et al., 1973) by phytoplankton (Duursma, 1963; Anderson and Zeutschel, 1970; Thomas, 1971; Daumas, 1976). In a study of copper release from the thalli of benthic red algae, Seeliger and Edwards (1979) found that 22% of the copper released from living thalli was bound to dissolved organic matter, and 80–90% of the copper released from decomposing thalli was associated with dissolved organic compounds.
Mucinous and Signet Ring Cell Differentiation Affect Patterns of Metastasis in Colorectal Carcinoma and Influence Survival

Peritoneal metastasis in colorectal carcinoma is associated with a dismal prognosis; however, features that correlate with patterns of metastatic spread are not well characterized. We analyzed the clinicopathologic and molecular features of 166 patients with colorectal carcinomas stratified by metastases to the peritoneum or liver. Mucinous and signet ring cell differentiation were more frequently observed in colorectal carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination compared to colorectal carcinoma with liver metastasis (mucinous differentiation: 62% vs 23%, P < .001; signet ring cell differentiation: 21% vs 0%, P < .0001). The significant association of mucinous differentiation with peritoneal dissemination compared with liver metastasis was identified in patients with both synchronous and metachronous development of metastasis ( P < .01). In contrast, colorectal carcinomas with liver metastasis were more frequently low-grade (90% vs 72%, P = .005) and associated with dirty necrosis (81% vs 56%, P = .001) compared with colorectal carcinomas with peritoneal dissemination. No significant differences were identified between colorectal carcinoma with peritoneal metastasis versus liver metastasis with respect to KRAS mutations, BRAF mutation, or high levels of microsatellite instability. Patients with tumors involving the peritoneum had a significantly worse overall survival in comparison to patients with liver metastasis lacking peritoneal involvement ( P = .02). When including only those patients with peritoneal metastasis, the presence of any mucinous or signet ring cell differentiation was associated with a significantly worse overall survival ( P = .006). Our findings indicate that mucinous and signet ring cell differentiation may be histologic features that are associated with an increased risk of peritoneal dissemination and poor overall survival in patients with peritoneal metastasis.
Mindful creativity matters: trajectories of reported functioning after severe traumatic brain injury as a function of mindful creativity in patients' relatives: a multilevel analysis.

Objective The objective of the present investigation was to examine the association of mindful creativity with the trajectory of recovery (emotional, interpersonal, cognitive, and total functioning) of patients with severe TBI.
Capacity bounds for a class of cognitive interference channels with state

A class of cognitive interference channels with non-causal state information is investigated, in which two transmitters (i.e., transmitters 1 and 2) communicate with two receivers (i.e., receivers 1 and 2) via an interference channel. The two transmitters jointly send one message to receivers 1 and 2, and transmitter 2 also sends a separate message to receiver 2. The channel is corrupted by an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) state sequence, which is noncausally known at transmitter 2 only. For the general discrete memoryless channel, inner and outer bounds on the capacity region are obtained. Bounds on degraded channels are also derived. In particular, the capacity region is established for the semideterministic degraded channel. Furthermore, for the case when the state information is also known at receiver 2, inner and outer bounds on the capacity region are obtained, and the capacity region is established for the degraded channel of this case.
Gender assignment for directional full-duplex FDD nodes in a multihop wireless network

The frequency-division duplex (FDD) nodes use two separate frequency bands (separated by a guard band) for transmission and reception, thus enabling the full-duplex (FD) communication. On the other hand, the use of directional FDD nodes in multihop wireless network offers the advantages of larger transmission range, better link reliability, and spatial reuse, resulting in a much higher throughput and superior interference mitigation. However, the multihop FDD communication partitions the nodes in two classes (or genders) wherein the nodes of the same class (or gender) in a neighborhood cannot communicate with each other. This can seriously impact the availability of neighboring nodes for communication, and lead to disconnected nodes (or regions) in the network. In this paper, an algorithm is presented to assign the appropriate genders to these nodes in a multi-hop network such that each node is able to communicate with its multiple 1-hop neighbors, located in different directions. Our simulation results demonstrate that approximately half of the neighbors of each node are of the opposite gender and they are distributed in different directions, thus enabling robust, multipath, and high throughput communication in the network.
A National Perspective on ECMO Utilization Use in Patients with Burn Injury

Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) has become an increasingly utilized used strategy to support patients in cardiac and cardiopulmonary failure. The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization reports adult survival rates between 40 and 50%. Utilization Use and outcomes for burned patients undergoing ECMO are poorly understood. The National Burn Repository (version 8.0) was queried for patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) procedure codes for ECMO. Demographics, comorbidities, mechanism, injury details, and clinical outcomes were recorded. ECMO patients were matched one-to-one to those not requiring ECMO based on age, gender, TBSA, and inhalation injury. Group comparisons were made utilizing using χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Thirty ECMO-treated burn patients were identified. Patients were predominantly male (80.0%) and Caucasian (63.3%) with mean age 38.9 ± 20.3 years. The majority were flame injuries (80.0%) of moderate size (17.0 ± 18.7% TBSA), affecting predominantly upper limbs and trunk. Inhalation injury was reported in 26.7%. Respiratory failure was reported in nine, acute respiratory distress syndrome in three, and pneumonia in nine. Fourteen patients survived to discharge. The ECMO cohort had significantly higher rates of cardiovascular comorbidities, concomitant major thoracic trauma, pneumonia, acute renal failure, and sepsis than non-ECMO patients (P < .05). Ventilator usage, intesive care unit (ICU) length of stay, and mortality were also significantly higher in those treated by ECMO (P < .05). Although burn patients placed on ECMO have significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality than those not requiring ECMO, the mortality rate is equivalent to patients reported by Extracorporeal Life Support Organization. ECMO is a viable option for supporting critically injured burn patients.
Entrepreneurial Communication Behavior & Resource Acquisition:Creation of Identity & Community

Due to the liability of newness that new firms suffer from, resource acquisition is an integral part of the new venture development process. While existing studies, recognizing the challenges that ...
Should and will Inter-collegiate Football Programs be Eliminated?

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Lopez Frias and McNamee (2017) raise some concerns about an argument presented in Corlett (2014), also published in this journal. This article is a deta...
It just takes a text: Partner text messages can reduce cardiovascular responses to stress in females

Abstract Despite the ubiquity of text messaging, little is known about the physiological impact of receiving texts. This study explored the cardiovascular effects of receiving text messages from romantic partners during a stressor. Seventy-five healthy females received either (1) scripted, supportive text messages from their partners, (2) scripted, mundane text messages from their partners, or (3) no text messages at all (control condition) prior to completing a laboratory stressor. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored throughout the study. Analyses revealed that systolic blood pressure in response to the stressor was lowest in the mundane text message group and significantly lower than in the other two groups. However, the mundane text message group also exhibited systolic blood pressure that more slowly returned to baseline levels. These findings highlight one potential benefit of text messaging and signal a need for additional work to better understand texting.