cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Infiltration-driven metamorphism, New England, USA: Regional CO2 fluxes and implications for Devonian climate and extinctions

Abstract We undertake thermodynamic pseudosection modeling of metacarbonate rocks in the Wepawaug Schist, Connecticut, USA, and examine the implications for CO2 outgassing from collisional orogenic belts. Two broad types of pseudosections are calculated: (1) a fully closed-system model with no fluid infiltration and (2) a fluid-buffered model including an H2O–CO2 fluid of a fixed composition. This fluid-buffered model is used to approximate a system open to infiltration by a water-bearing fluid. In all cases the fully closed-system model fails to reproduce the observed major mineral zones, mineral compositions, reaction temperatures, and fluid compositions. The fluid-infiltrated models, on the other hand, successfully reproduce these observations when the X CO 2 of the fluid is in the range ∼0.05 to ∼0.15. Fluid-infiltrated models predict significant progressive CO2 loss, peaking at ∼50% decarbonation at amphibolite facies. The closed-system models dramatically underestimate the degree of decarbonation, predicting only ∼15% CO2 loss at peak conditions, and, remarkably,
An evaluation of video cameras for collecting observational data on sanctuary-housed chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).

Video cameras are increasingly being used to monitor captive animals in zoo, laboratory, and agricultural settings. This technology may also be useful in sanctuaries with large and/or complex enclosures. However, the cost of camera equipment and a lack of formal evaluations regarding the use of cameras in sanctuary settings make it challenging for facilities to decide whether and how to implement this technology. To address this, we evaluated the feasibility of using a video camera system to monitor chimpanzees at Chimp Haven. We viewed a group of resident chimpanzees in a large forested enclosure and compared observations collected in person and with remote video cameras. We found that via camera, the observer viewed fewer chimpanzees in some outdoor locations (GLMM post hoc test: est. = 1.4503, SE = 0.1457, Z = 9.951, p < 0.001) and identified a lower proportion of chimpanzees (GLMM post hoc test: est. = -2.17914, SE = 0.08490, Z = -25.666, p < 0.001) compared to in-person observations. However, the observer could view the 2 ha enclosure 15 times faster by camera compared to in person. In addition to these results, we provide recommendations to animal facilities considering the installation of a video camera system. Despite some limitations of remote monitoring, we posit that there are substantial benefits of using camera systems in sanctuaries to facilitate animal care and observational research.
Using microfluidic devices to study thrombosis in pathological blood flows.

Extreme flows can exist within pathological vessel geometries or mechanical assist devices which create complex forces and lead to thrombogenic problems associated with disease. Turbulence and boundary layer separation are difficult to obtain in microfluidics due to the low Reynolds number flow in small channels. However, elongational flows, extreme shear rates and stresses, and stagnation point flows are possible using microfluidics and small perfusion volumes. In this review, a series of microfluidic devices used to study pathological blood flows are described. In an extreme stenosis channel pre-coated with fibrillar collagen that rapidly narrows from 500 μm to 15 μm, the plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF) will elongate and assemble into thick fiber bundles on the collagen. Using a micropost-impingement device, plasma flow impinging on the micropost generates strong elongational and wall shear stresses that trigger the growth of a VWF bundle around the post (no collagen required). Using a stagnation-point device to mimic the zone near flow reattachment, blood can be directly impinged upon a procoagulant surface of collagen and the tissue factor. Clots formed at the stagnation point of flow impingement have a classic core-shell architecture where the core is highly activated (P-selectin positive platelets and fibrin rich). Finally, within occlusive clots that fill a microchannel, the Darcy flow driven by ΔP/L > 70 mm-Hg/mm-clot is sufficient to drive NETosis of entrapped neutrophils, an event not requiring either thrombin or fibrin. Novel microfluidic devices are powerful tools to access physical environments that exist in human disease.
On-Campus versus Hybrid Courses in a Master of Public Administration Program

AbstractOnline and hybrid (online plus on-campus) learning has increased significantly in the twenty-first century. One Midwestern university started offering more hybrid courses in 2005 in its Mas...
Standards to Live By

To begin with, let me present a preliminary problem, of the kind that practicing psychiatrists or psychotherapists are trained to handle. It is the problem of how to overcome defensiveness in order to reach the level of anxiety so as to get rid of the anxiety in order to handle the problem at hand. Except that whereas the problems psychiatrists are trained to handle are specific and concrete, and relate to symbolic and emotional disturbances, and the problem I wish to handle is general and abstract, and relates to intellectual difficulties.
Feminist-Based Social Work with Single-Parent Families:

Interventions with single-parent families across the life cycle can be linked to important feminist social work tenets of networking, awareness, support, and self-help. The strength of these system...
In-situ Investigation of Hf6Ta2O17 Anisotropic Thermal Expansion and Topotactic, Peritectic Transformation

Abstract The anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion and the peritectic transformation of orthorhombic-Hf6Ta2O17 to tetragonal-HfO2 plus liquid at 2250 °C have been studied by in-situ X-ray powder diffraction from room temperature to complete melting (∼2450 °C) in air, using a quadrupole lamp furnace (QLF) and a conical nozzle levitator (CNL) equipped with a CO2 laser. The topotactic, peritectic transformation has been fully described by extracting the orientation relationship, lattice variant deformation and a motif (grouping) of cations that relates the two structures at the transformation temperature. The calculation of these two important parameters as well as identification of the motif is facilitated by a knowledge of the anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion as a function of temperature. Symmetry decomposition has been performed to show that the orthorhombic-Hf6Ta2O17 and tetragonal-HfO2 structures are simply related by polyhedral rotations and loss of 1 mol of oxygen.
Black Lentil Aqueous Extract Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colon Carcinogenesis in Mice (OR04-06-19)

The objective was to compare the efficacy of a black lentil aqueous extract (BL) and a semi-purified anthocyanin (ANC) extract to prevent tumor development and inflammatory processes and impact on immune response in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) mouse model. BL was obtained from an overnight soak of organic beluga black lentils (1:2 w/v) in water, filtered, frozen, and freeze-dried. The major ANC identified was delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-l-arabinopyranoside (D3G). Seven and a half week old C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into four groups: healthy control (n = 6), disease control (n = 14), BL (n = 12), and D3G (n = 12). After a one week acclimation, the mice were given treatments for 11 weeks, either placebo or BL: 600 or D3G: 41 mg/kg body weight (equivalent to D3G in a BL extract) using a voluntary jelly administration every morning throughout the study. Following the first week of treatments, mice received an AOM injection of 10 mg/kg body weight. Three cycles of DSS in water started one week later. The first cycle had 2% DSS for one week; the second and third cycles had 1%. Each cycle had two weeks of regular water post-DSS. Inflammation, progression, and immune markers were analyzed in the colon, spleen, and plasma by histology, gene expression, ELISA, and protein arrays. BL had total ANC concentration of 21.3 mg D3G equivalent/g dry extract and total polyphenol concentration of 264.9 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry extract. BL group had a lower disease activity index (DAI), throughout and at the end, of 2.4 compared to 6.3 of the disease control and 4.0 of D3G group (P < 0.05). Mice in the BL group had an average of 7.8 neoplasms while the disease control had 12.8 and D3G had 12.1 (P < 0.05). BL group had a lower relative spleen weight and colon weight to length at 5 and 59 mg/cm compared to 10 and 82 mg/cm and 10 and 83 mg/cm of the disease control and D3G groups, respectively (P < 0.05). Based on colon cancer cell results, BL lowered expression of inhibitory immune markers, like PD-L1 (P < 0.05). BL attenuated the DAI and helped mice maintain their weight throughout the AOM/DSS treatment. BL also resulted in a lower total and lower large neoplasm number, relative lower spleen weight, and colon weight to length ratio compared to the disease control. BL showed anti-carcinogenic anti-inflammatory properties. USDA-NIFA-HATCH project 1014457.
Handbook of Functional Lipids

ISOLATION, PRODUCTION, AND CONCENTRATION OF FUNCTIONAL LIPIDS Functional Lipids within the Global Functional Food and Nutraceutical Sector, Kelley C. Fitzpatrick and N.A. Michael Eskin Microbial Production of ?-Linolenic Acid, Colin Ratledge Gamma-Linolenic Acid: Purification and Functionality, Udaya N. Wanasundara, P.K. Janitha, and P.D. Wanasundara Purification of Free Fatty Acids via Urea Inclusion Compounds, Douglas G. Hayes Solvent Extraction to Obtain Edible Oil Products, Phillip J. Wakelyn and Peter J. Wan LIPIDS FOR FOOD FUNCTIONALITY Physical Properties of Fats and Oils, Amanda J. Wright and Alejandro G. Marangoni Beyond Hard Spheres: The Functional Role of Lipids in Food Emulsions, John Coupland Medium-Chain Triglycerides, Jenifer Heydinger Galante and Richard T. Tenore Frying Lipids, Sergio D. Segall and William E. Artz Trans Fatty Acids and Trans-free Lipids, Oi-Ming Lai and Seong- Koon Lo Clinical Benefits of a Structured Lipid (Betapol) in Infant Formula, Marianne O'Shea, Jeanet Gerritsen, and Inge Mohede Cocoa Butter, Cocoa Butter Equivalents and Cocoa Butter Substitutes, Vijai K.S. Shukla LIPIDS WITH HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL FUNCTIONALITY Marine Lipids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids, R.G. Ackman Nutraceuticals, Aging, and Food Oxidation, JaeHwan Lee and David B. Min Dietary Lipids: Metabolism and Physiological Functions, A. Christophe CLA in Human Nutrition and Health - Human Studies, Yong Li and Bruce A. Watkins Fortified Foods - A Way to Correct Low Intakes of EPA and DHA, Reto Muggli Phytosterols and Human Health, Vivienne V. Yankah Clinical Studies with Structured Triacylglycerols, Trine Porsgaard ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND MARKET POTENTIAL FOR FUNCTIONAL LIPIDS Enzymatic Modification of Lipids for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, Yuji Shimada Application of Structured Lipids in Emulsions, Hannah T. Osborn- Barnes and Casimir C. Akoh Potential Market for Functional Lipids, Suk Hoo Yoon Structured Lipids Production, Jeung-Hee Lee and Ki-Teak Lee INDEX
Dynamic resource allocation in Vehicular cloud computing systems using game theoretic based algorithm

The availability of high-capacity networks, low-cost computers, storage devices as well as the widespread adoption of hardware virtualization, service-oriented architecture, and autonomic and utility computing has led to growth in cloud computing. In today's era of cloud-based services, all intelligent transportation systems are connected to improve transportation safety and enhance the comfort of driving. The vision of all vehicles connected poses a significant challenge to the collection and storage of large amounts of traffic-related data. We propose to integrate cloud computing and vehicular networks in such a way that the vehicles can share computation resources, storage resources, and bandwidth resources. The proposed architecture includes a vehicular cloud, a roadside cloud, and a central cloud. A game-theoretical approach is presented to optimally allocate cloud resources. Virtual machine migration due to vehicle mobility is solved based on a resource reservation scheme.
Application of the World Café to Disability Issues: A Systematic Review:

Improving outcomes for individuals with disabilities requires collaborative and comprehensive efforts to address barriers at the community level. The World Cafe is often advocated as a community-en...
Response of Metal Building Cladding to Tsunami Wave Impact Loads

AbstractDesigning structures resistant to tsunami-like flood flow impacts is contingent on the ability to accurately predict dynamic loading effects on building components. To characterize these ef...
New underlying trends in China’s cross-border investments

Abstract. As global macroeconomic uncertainties grow, there are notable shifts and oscillations in Chinese outbound investment and cross-border investment flows. This study shows China’s key investment characteristics including geographical preferences, investment compositions, and structural changes in industrial and foreign policies, such as Made in China 2025, financial liberalization, and OBOR. While these trends seem contradictory at times, opportunities are available for nimble and creative players who could capitalize on China’s increasing demand in the new economy (“xin jing ji ”), with adequate consideration of regulatory scrutinies. Keywords. Cross-border, China, Outbound, Investments, Regulations. JEL. F21, F68, O53, K23 .
Cytosolic and Membrane-Associated Ribosomes’ mRNA Profiles are Differentially Regulated by Learning and Sleep in Hippocampal Neurons

The hippocampus plays an essential role in consolidating transient experiences into long-lasting memories. Memory consolidation can be facilitated by post-learning sleep, although the underlying cellular mechanisms are largely unknown. We took an unbiased approach to this question using a mouse model of hippocampally-mediated, sleep-dependent memory consolidation (contextual fear memory; CFM), which is known to be disrupted by post-learning sleep loss. Translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) was used to quantify ribosome-associated RNAs in different subcellular compartments (cytosol and membrane) and in different hippocampal cell populations (either whole hippocampus, Camk2a+ excitatory neurons, or highly active neurons expressing phosphorylated ribosomal subunit S6 [pS6+]). Using RNA-seq, we examined how these transcript profiles change as a function of sleep vs. sleep deprivation (SD), and as a function of prior learning (contextual fear conditioning; CFC). To our surprise, we found that while many mRNAs on cytosolic ribosomes were altered by sleep loss, almost none were altered by learning. Of the few changes in cytosolic ribosomal transcript abundance following CFC, almost all were occluded by subsequent SD. This effect was particularly pronounced in pS6+ neurons with the highest level of neuronal activity following CFC, suggesting SD-induced disruption of post-learning transcript changes in putative “engram” neurons. In striking contrast, far fewer transcripts on membrane-bound (MB) ribosomes were altered by SD, and many more mRNAs (and lncRNAs) were altered MB ribosomes as a function of prior learning. For hippocampal neurons, cellular pathways most significantly affected by CFC were involved in structural remodeling. Comparisons of post-CFC MB transcript profiles between freely-sleeping and SD mice implicated changes in cellular metabolism in Camk2a+ neurons, and increased protein synthesis capacity in pS6+ neurons, as biological processes disrupted by post-learning sleep loss. Together these findings suggest that disruptive effects of sleep loss on hippocampal memory consolidation are both cell type- and subcellular compartment-specific.
Association of persistent tachycardia with early myocardial dysfunction in children undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

Cancer survivors who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at risk for myocardial dysfunction. Children who receive allogenic HCT encounter systemic inflammation resulting in tachycardia and hypertension. The effect of these abnormalities on myocardial function is not known. The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiac dysfunction early after HCT can be predicted by tachycardia or hypertension, within a retrospective single-center sample of pediatric HCT recipients. Early tachycardia or hypertension was defined as a majority of values taken from infusion date to 90 days post-infusion being abnormal. Ejection fraction <53% determined systolic dysfunction. A composite score of accepted pediatric diastolic abnormalities determined diastolic dysfunction. Among 80 subjects (median age 8 years), early tachycardia, systolic dysfunction, and diastolic dysfunction were present in 64%, 25%, and 48% of the sample, respectively. In multivariable models, early tachycardia was an independent predictor of early systolic dysfunction (OR = 12.6 [1.4–112.8], p = 0.024) and diastolic dysfunction (OR = 3.9 [1.3–11.5], p = 0.013). Tachycardia and cardiac dysfunction are common and associated with one another in the early period after pediatric HCT. Future studies may elucidate the role of tachycardia and myocardial dysfunction early after HCT as important predictors of future cardiovascular dysfunction.
Underestimating Learning by Doing

Many economic decisions, such as whether to invest in developing new skills, change professions, or purchase a new technology, benefit from accurate estimation of skill acquisition. We examine the accuracy of such predictions by having experimental participants predict the speed at which they will master an unfamiliar task. The first experiment finds systematic underestimation of learning, even after multiple rounds of performance feedback. Replicating earlier findings by psychologists, we observe an abrupt drop in confidence, from overconfidence to underconfidence, following initial task experience. The second experiment shows that underpredicting learning leads decision makers to make choices that lower average payoffs.
A motivation for using the truncated Newton approach in a very large scale nonlinear network problem

In this paper we present a motivation for using the Truncated Newton methodology and a multiple superbasic activating line search in an algorithm that maximize the hydropower generation in a multi reservoir, multi period power system. The decision variables are the water to be released from and stored in each reservoir in each time period over a given time horizon. The function that relates the hydropower generation to the decision variables has a special structure that allows the use of second-order information without requiring too much computer time and storage.
An analytical solution for transient radial flow through unsaturated fractured porous media

This paper presents analytical solutions for one-dimensional radial transient flow through horizontal, unsaturated fractured rock formation. In these solutions, unsaturated flow through fractured media is described by a linearized Richards' equation, while fracture-matrix interaction is handled using the dual-continuum concept. Although linearizing Richards' equation requires a specially correlated relationship between relative permeability and capillary pressure functions for both fractures and matrix, these specially formed relative permeability and capillary pressure functions are still physically meaningful. These analytical solutions can thus be used to describe the transient behavior of unsaturated flow in fractured media under the described model conditions. They can also be useful in verifying numerical simulation results, which, as demonstrated in this paper, are otherwise difficult to validate.
Abstract 15766: Repolarization Parameters are Significantly Prolonged in Many Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block and Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: In patients with normal conduction, prolongation of repolarization parameters such as the QTc interval, JTc interval, and T-wave peak to end (Tpe) interval are associated with cardiac ischemia, ventricular tachydysrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. These intervals are often considered “prolonged” at QTc >450 ms, JTc > 360 ms, and Tpe > 120 ms. We are unable to find published manuscripts that report these parameters in LBBB. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the Bazett correction formula for QTc and JTc overestimates repolarization duration in patients with conduction disturbances. Aim: To report the QTc, JTc, and Tpe intervals in ED patients with LBBB with and without MI and to compare common correction formulas. Methods: Retrospectively, we identified ED patients with LBBB and ischemic symptoms: with no MI, with NSTEMI, and with angiographically-proven acute coronary occlusion (STEMI). The QT, JT, and Tpe intervals were measured manually in leads II, V3, and V5; the longest of each was used. QTc and JTc intervals were calculated by Bazett’s, Hodges’ and Framingham formulas. Statistics were by two-tailed Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The no-MI, NSTEMI, and STEMI groups consisted of 105, 24 and 33 patients. In the STEMI group, 24.3% of patients had Tpe >= 120 ms compared to 4.8% of no-MI patients (p = 450 ms and 12.3% had JTc >= 360 ms. Conclusion: Repolarizaton parameters are prolonged in many patients with LBBB. The Tpe interval, which has been proposed as a marker of transmural repolarization heterogeneity due to ischemia, is significantly prolonged in patients with STEMI and LBBB when compared to LBBB patients without MI. Between the STEMI, NSTEMI, and no-MI groups there was no significant difference in QTc or JTc by any formula (see Table 1). However, the overall mean QTc by Bazett’s was significantly longer than Hodge’s or Framingham (see Table 2). ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Enhanced RAM-based equalizers for nonlinear channels

We present a detection method for nonlinear channels with memory. This method uses a linear feedforward equalizer in conjunction with a random access memory (RAM) based (nonlinear) equalizer. The design criterion for the feedforward equalizer is non-traditional, with the intent to improve the performance of the RAM-based equalizer. Development of the design criterion and a training-mode based adaptive implementation along with examples of this equalizer with a pre-cursor enhanced RAM-DFE canceller are included.
Grammatical Immune System Evolution for reverse engineering nonlinear dynamic Bayesian models.

An artifi cial immune system algorithm is introduced in which nonlinear dynamic models are evolved to fi t time series of interacting biomolecules. This grammar-based machine learning method learns the structure and parameters of the underlying dynamic model. In silico immunogenetic mechanisms for the generation of model-structure diversity are implemented with the aid of a grammar, which also enforces semantic constraints of the evolved models. The grammar acts as a DNA repair polymerase that can identify recombination and hypermutation signals in the antibody (model) genome. These signals contain information interpretable by the grammar to maintain model context. Grammatical Immune System Evolution (GISE) is applied to a nonlinear system identifi cation problem in which a generalized (nonlinear) dynamic Bayesian model is evolved to fi t biologically motivated artifi cial time-series data. From experimental data, we use GISE to infer an improved kinetic model for the oxidative metabolism of 17β-estradiol (E 2 ), the parent hormone of the estrogen metabolism pathway.
Release of ATP from retinal pigment epithelial cells involves both CFTR and vesicular transport

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) faces the photoreceptor outer segments and regulates the composition of the interstitial subretinal space. ATP enhances fluid movement from the subretinal space...
Sensitivity/Uncertainty Analysis for Free-in-Air Tissue Kerma Due to Initial Radiation at Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Uncertainty estimates and cross correlations by range/survivor have been calculated for the Hiroshima and Nagasaki free-in-air (FIA) tissue kerma obtained from two-dimensional air/ground transport calculations. The uncertainties due to modeling parameter and basic nuclear transport data uncertainties were calculated for 700-, 1000-, and 1500-m ground ranges. Only the FIA tissue kerma due to initial radiation was treated in the analysis; the uncertainties associated with terrain and building shielding and phantom attenuation were not considered in this study. Uncertainties of --20% were obtained for the prompt neutron and secondary gamma kerma and 30% for the prompt gamma kerma at both cities. The uncertainties on the total prompt kerma at Hiroshima and Nagasaki are --18 and 15%, respectively. The estimated uncertainties vary only slightly by ground range and are fairly highly correlated. The total prompt kerma uncertainties are dominated by the secondary gamma uncertainties, which in turn are dominated by the modeling parameter uncertainties, particularly those associated with the weapon yield and radiation sources.
"'If you are so smart, why aren't you rich?' and other brash questions to the teacher"

SUBJECT AREA: classroom teaching. The new term begins. You introduce yourself, describe the course, and pause to invite questions before starting to teach. It's a moment of buoyancy; you're ready to begin work. Then a student asks a brash question. "What qualifies you to teach this course?" Or "Have you personally done any of the deals (financings, investments, etc.) this course covers?" Or "Have you worked in this industry?" Or, "Do you consult in this area?" Or, "What practical work experience do you have?" Or the showstopper, "If you're so smart, why aren't you rich?" A stillness falls over the room as everyone recognizes that a not-so-subtle challenge has been issued. If you are a newly minted Ph.D., there may not be much work experience to discuss. Or as a senior professor, your work experience may not be quite that relevant or recent. You are on the spot to justify your presence. You briefly contemplate a response that is comparable in rudeness to the query. But instead you search for the right words. What should you say? This column discusses the various origins of the brash question, reflects on some larger lessons for the classroom teacher, and suggests a path for responding. [Past columns by Robert Bruner may be found by search at the SSRN website at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/search.taf or by going to his Author Page at SSRN at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/cf_dev/AbsByAuth.cfm?per_id=66030]
Development and Evaluation of a Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test for the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus

We evaluated a new rapid influenza diagnostic test for the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) and viral culture. The sensitivities were 68.5% and 64.5%, and the specificities were 98.4% and 97.6%, respectively. This kit should be used with caution, and negative results should be verified by a confirmative test.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of atisine and veatchine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids from aconitum and garrya species

Abstract 13 C NMR spectra of the atisine- and veatchine-type alkaloids, as well as certain of their derivatives, have been obtained by the Fourier transform technique at 25.03 MHz. With the help of single-frequency off-resonance proton decoupling techniques, additivity relationships, and the effects induced by certain structural changes, self-consistent assignments of nearly all the resonances have been made. The 13 C NMR spectra are also analyzed to identify skeletal features of the atisine and veatchine-type alkaloids of use in the structure determination of new C 20 -diterpenoid alkaloids. On the basis of the 13 C NMR analysis of atisine and veatchine as well as a temperature-dependence study of atisine, the existence of C-20 epimers in these alkaloids is demonstrated. A 13 C NMR study of the behavior of the oxazolidine ring of atisine in non-ionic and ionic solvents indicates that the C-20 epimers of atisine do not exist in an equilibrium mixture in solution and are not interconvertible via a zwitterion as reported earlier.
Airway epithelial control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis

Defective expression or function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) underlies the hypersusceptibility of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients to chronic airway infections, particularly with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CFTR is involved in the specific recognition of P. aeruginosa, thereby contributing to effective innate immunity and proper hydration of the airway surface layer (ASL). In CF, the airway epithelium fails to initiate an appropriate innate immune response, allowing the microbe to bind to mucus plugs that are then not properly cleared because of the dehydrated ASL. Recent studies have identified numerous CFTR-dependent factors that are recruited to the epithelial plasma membrane in response to infection and that are needed for bacterial clearance, a process that is defective in CF patients hypersusceptible to infection with this organism.
Glycol methacrylate copolymerized with glutaraldehyde and urea as an embedment retaining lipids.

Glycol methacrylate can be copolymerized with glutaraldehyde and urea in the presence of substantial amounts of water to produce an embedment suitable for ultrathin sectioning. This is accomplished at a pH close to neutrality by ultraviolet radiation in the presence of trace quantities of benzoin as a free radical catalyst. The polar nature of this embedment permits the retention of lipids in sectioned material. Thus, thick sections of myelin exhibit a brilliant birefringence. Also, spatial relationships maintained in life by highly hydrated carbohydrate gels appear generally to be faithfully retained. These factors permit the demonstration of a 180–200 A periodicity in myelin, corresponding to X-ray diffraction information of the true value for the fresh, wet state. Protein systems are well differentiated with uranyl acetate—lead citrate staining. Lipids are demonstrated by osmium vapor staining or are seen in negative contrast. The embedments section well with a glass knife, at relatively high speed, providing the fairly hydrophilic block face does not get wet. Disadvantages include an intrinsic fine graininess which unfortunately limits the resolution of high magnification micrographs. Also, the embedment is unstable during electron bombardment so that supporting films are almost essential. Phosphotungstic acid staining at low pH damages the embedment.
A phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and taxane.

Abstract Purpose This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-agent gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eligible patients were required to have bidimensionally measurable MBC that had been treated with 2–4 prior chemotherapy regimens that included an anthracycline and a taxane. Gemcitabine was delivered at a dose of 800 mg/m 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle until evidence of disease progression. Patients and Methods Twenty-two patients were enrolled and included in the safety analysis; 18 patients were evaluable for response. The median age of patients was 54 years (range, 36–70 years). The mean number of prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease was 2.3, and the mean dose of gemcitabine delivered was 911 mg/m 2 (range, 600–1600 mg/m 2 ). Results Overall, gemcitabine was well tolerated with minimal grade 3 toxicities; the only grade 4 toxicity was 1 case of pulmonary embolus. Three patients had evidence of partial tumor regression (17%; 95% CI, 4%–41%), and 1 patient had a 41% decrease in tumor volume, including liver metastasis. Conclusions Gemcitabine is active and well tolerated as monotherapy given in heavily pretreated patients with MBC after anthracyclines and taxanes. The activity and safety reported in this trial are consistent with previous reports in similar patients.
Frequency and Reasons for Return to the Primary Acute Care Service Among Patients With Lymphoma Undergoing Inpatient Rehabilitation

Objective To assess the frequency and risk factors for return to the primary acute care service among patients with lymphoma undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary referral-based cancer center. Patients All patients with a history of lymphoma admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation between October 1, 2003, and January 30, 2013. Main Outcome Measures Items analyzed from patient records included return to the primary acute care service with demographic information, lymphoma characteristics, medications, hospital admission characteristics, and laboratory values. Results A total of 143 unique patient admissions were analyzed, and 54 of these 143 lymphoma inpatient rehabilitation admissions (38%) returned to the primary acute care service. However, 16 of 54 (30%) returned because they needed additional chemotherapy. Excluding patients who returned to the primary acute care service for chemotherapy, statistically significant or approaching statistically significant factors ( P P = .0002), male gender ( P = .001), history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation ( P = .0355), and presence of an intravenous antifungal agent ( P = .0717). Of the patients transferred back to the primary acute care service, 13 of 38 (34%) were discharged directly home, 10 of 38 (26%) died in the hospital, 7 of 38 (18%) were transferred to a subacute rehabilitation facility, and 4 of 38 (11%) were transferred to inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusions When excluding patients who returned for chemotherapy, patients with lymphoma who were male, had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and had a creatinine level ≥1.3 mg/dL demonstrated increased risk for return to the primary acute care service.
Oxidative addition of azide anion to triisopropylsilyl enol ethers: synthesis of α-azido ketones.

Abstract Treatment of triisopropysilyl enol ethers with ceric ammonium nitrate/sodium azide at −20°C in acetonitrile gives α-azido ketones in average to good yields (50–80%).
Model for Spin Injection into Conjugated Organic Semiconductors

We present a theoretical model to describe electrical spin injection from a ferromagnetic metal contact into a conjugated organic semiconductor. To achieve significant spin current, the organic semiconductor must be driven far out of local thermal equilibrium by an electric current. Effective spin injection therefore requires that equilibration between the conjugated organic semiconductor and the metallic contact be suppressed by an energy barrier to injection that may be due either to a large Schottky barrier or to an insulating tunnel barrier. The results are compared with simulations for a silicon based device structure. Detection of the injected spin current in the organic semiconductor is also addressed.
Alterations in specific activity of lysosomal alpha-glucosidase in cystic fibrosis.

Abstract Cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with cystic fibrosis contain 2.1-fold more acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.3) than normal fibroblasts. This difference is amplified to 2.3-fold when the cells are extracted in Triton X-100. In a study of 14 fibroblast cell lines derived from CF homozygotes and heterozygotes, normal individuals and patients with other recessively inherited disorders, normal individuals could be distinguished from either CF homozygotes or heterozygotes based on the ratio of acid alpha-glucosidase to beta-hexosaminidase when fibroblasts were extracted in either water or Triton X-100. However, the best distinction could be made with water extracts as there was no overlap among individual data points in the three categories. The acid to neutral alpha-glucosidase ratio only distinguished CF homozygotes from normal individuals when cells were extracted in Triton X-100. The use of a ratio relationship of acid alpha-glucosidase with beta-hexosaminidase allows the comparison of data from multiple experiments on different days of assay and on cells at different passage numbers. These results suggest that alpha glucosidase may have a role in the primary defect in cystic fibrosis.
Ontogeny of Ranging in Wild Chimpanzees

We examined the relationship between juvenile age and distance traveled per day, or day range, in Kanyawara chimpanzees. Because the energy cost of locomotion is greater for small-bodied animals, we predict that day range is constrained by body size, i.e., younger individuals tend to have shorter day ranges. To test this hypothesis, we measured day range for 200 day-ranges of groups in which we recorded the age of the youngest juvenile present. As predicted, day range correlated positively with age for juveniles. Comparisons of day range vs. estimated stature support the hypothesis that the increase in day range with age was a consequence of body size. To assess other sources of variation in day range, we also measured the effects of group size and the presence of a carried infant. While day range correlated significantly with group size, the presence of a carried infant had no effect on adult female day range. Our results suggest the size of a juvenile may constrain ranging for mothers and their offspring.
Presence of the latent membrane protein 1 gene in nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with mucosal recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy in southeastern China and Taiwan. Early detection of the local disease followed by timely and appropriate treatment is essential to increasing cure and survival rates. Detection of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) genomic DNA, such as the latent membrane protein 1 gene (LMP-1), in patients postirradiation during follow-up may indicate mucosal recurrence. METHODS Seventy-one patients with NPC underwent serial nasopharyngeal swabs for LMP-1 polymerase chain reaction assay before, during, and after irradiation. All of patients achieved a complete disease remission of the LMP-1 gene after irradiation that lasted for at least 6 months. RESULTS The median LMP-1 disease remission time after the beginning of irradiation was 4.3 weeks. Patients with early LMP-1 disease remission (≤ 4 weeks after the beginning of irradiation) and delayed LMP-1 disease remission (> 4 weeks) had 3-year local control rates of 93.5% and 76.9%, respectively (P = 0.0529). The LMP-1 gene was detected again (reexpression of LMP-1 [re-LMP-1]) in 10 patients after irradiation with at least 6 months of follow-up. Nine of 10 patients (90%) in the re-LMP-1 positive group and 2 of 61 patients (3.3%) in the re-LMP-1 negative group developed local recurrence. Mucosal recurrence developed in nine patients, and all displayed re-LMP-1. By detecting re-LMP-1 using nasopharyngeal swabs, mucosal recurrence was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 100% (9 of 9 patients) and a specificity of 98.4% (61 of 62 patients). The 3-year overall survival rate, the disease free survival rate for the entire group, and the estimated local mucosal control rates in the re-LMP-1 positive and re-LMP-1 negative groups were 86.5%, 76.5%, 19.4%, and 96.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Expression of EBV LMP-1 in nasopharyngeal swab specimens from patients with irradiated/treated NPC can provide a highly sensitive and specific method of forecasting mucosal recurrence. This investigation confirmed the reliability and feasibility of nasopharyngeal swabs in screening for mucosal recurrences in patients with NPC. Cancer 2003. © 2003 American Cancer Society.
Second cutaneous malignancies in patients with mycosis fungoides treated with topical nitrogen mustard

Previous reports of skin cancer occurring in mycosis fungoides patients who have been treated with topical nitrogen mustard have been of carcinomas occurring predominantly on sun-exposed skin, Four of twenty-nine mycosis fungoides patients in our clinic treated with topical nitrogen mustard developed six skin cancers on sun-protected skin. Four lesions were squamous cell carcinomas and two were basal cell carcinomas. Few other risk factors for the development of skin cancer were present in our patients. These cases support the hypothesis that topical nitrogen mustard is a carcinogen or tumor promoter and emphasize the need for careful examination of the skin of patients treated with topical nitrogen mustard.
Influences of rainfall and sprinkler irrigation on the residual activity of insecticides applied to corn for control of adult western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

A western corn root worm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, adult bioassay technique using insecticide-treated corn leaves was used to determine the influence of moisture on the residual activity of several insecticides. Results of the studies indicated that moisture (rainfall or sprinkler irrigation) was a major factor influencing the decline in residual activity of carbaryl, carbaryl-oil, phosmet, and Penncap-M. Residual activity of dlazmon and malathIOnwas neghgible at 7 days, regardless of the amount of moisture. In tests comparing dry land and sprinkler-irrigated treatments, there was a significant negative correlation ( r = −0.91) between percent control and the amount of water applied. Both linear and quadratic effects were highly significant (P <0.005). There were no significant linear or quadratic effects detected between percent control and days post application. Carbaryl-oil, diluted with ¼ part diesel fuel, and carbaryl-XLR provided slightly shorter residual activity than undiluted carbaryl-oil treatments. However, all three treatments provided considerably longer residual activity than other insecticides tested.
Outcome of acute myeloid leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome according to health insurance status.

Abstract Background Age, cytogenetic status, and molecular features are the most important prognostic factors in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of patients with AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) according to insurance status. Patients and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed, covering all patients with AML and high-risk MDS evaluated and treated at Akron General Medical Center between 2002 and 2012. A Cox regression model was analyzed to account for survival over time, adjusted for insurance type, while controlling for patient age at diagnosis and patient risk of mortality. Results A total of 130 adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) were identified. Insurance information was available for 97 patients enrolled in the study; 3 were excluded because of self-pay status. Cox regression analysis with insurance type as the predictor found that overall survival declines over time and that the rate of decline may be influenced by insurance type (χ2(2) = 6.4; P = .044). The likelihood of survival in patients with Medicaid or Medicare without supplemental insurance was .552 (95% CI, .338-.903; P = .018) times the likelihood in patients who had Medicare with supplemental insurance. To explain the difference, variables of age, gender, and risk of mortality were added to the model. Age and risk of mortality were found to be significant predictors of survival. The addition of insurance type to the model did not significantly contribute (χ2(3) = 3.83; P = .147). Conclusion No significant difference in overall survival was observed when patients with AML or high-risk MDS were analyzed according to their health insurance status. The overall survival was low in this study compared with the national average. Early referral to a specialized center or possible clinical trial enrollment may be a good alternative to improve outcome.
Plane strain deformation near a crack tip in a power-law hardening material

Abstract C rack-tip strain singularities are investigated with the aid of an energy line integral exhibiting path independence for all contours surrounding a crack tip in a two-dimensional deformation field of an elastic material (or elastic/plastic material treated by a deformation theory). It is argued that the product of stress and strain exhibits a singularity varying inversely with distance from the tip in all materials. Corresponding near crack tip stress and strain fields are obtained for the plane straining of an incompressible elastic/plastic material hardening according to a power law. A noteworthy feature of the solution is the rapid rise of triaxial stress concentration above the flow stress with increasing values of the hardening exponent. Results are presented graphically for a range of hardening exponents, and the interpretation of the solution is aided by a discussion of analogous results in the better understood anti-plane strain case.
Backward-Looking Criticism as a Forward-Looking Concept: Response to Walter Werner

A truly clever response to Professor Werner's article would be an editorial criticism of it. I will not attempt to do one. For one thing, I hesitate to engage in the discovery of turtles-upon-turtles in the space of a short essay. Besides, that kind of brevity would hardly do the article justice, especially since curriculum criticism is too new to have mastered the pithy succinctness that some reviewers of, say, literature have mastered. At least I have not. For another thing, Professor Werner does not claim to have really taught us how to do editorial criticism. Instead he describes a viewpoint and a purpose, and these merit comment more than exemplification at this point. And thirdly, I found his ideas provocative and am frankly more moved to discuss them (and especially to discuss the ideas he leaves out) than to apply them-a tendency common to many of us theoretically trained types, but one I like to believe has a purpose. I will someday use the tools of editorial criticism he sketches here, and in many ways I suspect I use them much of the time anyway, in both curriculum development and program evaluation. This indeed is one of my points. In this essay, however, I offer some thoughts provoked both by the article and by conversations I had with Professor Werner in the course of working on his article.
Microprocessor control of intra-aortic balloon pumping.

An automatic control scheme for the control of intra-aortic balloon pumping has been implemented on a Digital Equipment Corporation LSI-11 micro-processor system and tested in experiments conducted on a mock circulatory loop as well as in a series of acute animal experiments. The control algorithm employed by the digital controller (LSI-11) is identical in form to that employed by Clark et al. (3), and consists of [1] the beat-by-beat evaluation of a performance index that reflects the objectives of balloon pumping, and [2] the adjustment of balloon inflation and deflation times within the diastolic period so as to maximize this performance index according to a steepest ascent algorithm. In order to reduce convergence time and minimize disturbances around the optimum operating point, a scheme that reduces search step size as the search proceeds from initial values is also incorporated in the algorithm. Importantly, this system obeys a bedside measurement constraint in that it requires only readily available physiologic signals for its operation; the ECG for timing purposes, and the central aortic pressure for evaluation of the system performance index. A number of conventional safety features are also implemented in the controller to, for example, guard against untimely balloon inflation in the occurrence of aberrant heart beats.