cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fingolimod Hydrochloride Gel for Dermatological Applications: Optimization of Formulation Strength and Effect of Colloidal Oatmeal (Aveeno®) as Penetration Enhancer

Fingolimod (FNGL) is an immune-modulatory agent prescribed for relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis. Because of its mechanism of action, FNGL is potentially a treatment for chronic, non-curable T-lymphocyte-driven inflammatory skin diseases (TLDISD) such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Since severe side effects limit the systemic administration of FNGL, the objective of this study is to develop a hydroxypropyl cellulose (2%) FNGL gel for dermatological applications. First, the effect of FNGL strength (0.05%, 0.10%, 0.50%, and 1.00%) on skin permeability and retention was investigated. We carried out several permeation studies with vertical Franz diffusion cells and (i) cellulose or (ii) excised dorsal porcine ear skin (EDPES) as membrane. We also quantified FNGL in the stratum corneum and in dermis with the tape-stripping method. Permeability parameters as well as the amount retained in skin increased significantly (p < 0.01) with strength; however, there was no statistically significant difference between the 0.50% and 1.00% gels for both cellulose and EDPES. Therefore, we selected the 0.50% gel to investigate the effect of colloidal oatmeal (0%, 1%, 3%, 6%, and 10%) on FNGL in vitro permeability and skin retention. Colloidal oatmeal has beneficial dermatological properties for TLDISD and may complement FNGL activity. Permeability increased significantly (p < 0.001) with colloidal oatmeal at the 6% and 10% strength with an enhancement ratio of 3.5 and 2.4, respectively, whereas the amount retained in the skin decreased significantly (p < 0.001) compared to the base gel. In conclusion, the 0.50% FNGL.HCL gel with 6% Aveeno® has very promising permeability characteristics for delivery of FNGL to the skin.
Race and Sex Discrimination in the Employment Process

In this article, we outline the evidence demonstrating the pervasiveness of sex and race/ethnic workplace discrimination, paying particular attention to the areas of hiring, compensation, and evaluations and promotions. Key sociological explanations for why and how these forms of employment discrimination occur are also examined. Although discrimination is often considered as discrete acts that occur within employment arrangements, the existing research suggests the presence of an underlying set of processes and choices that accumulate over time. These processes have clear implications for how discrimination is understood and the ways in which such events compound over career trajectories. Based on our examination of this literature, we suggest areas for improved theorizing, measurement, and analysis.
Ammonia detection by use of near-infrared diode-laser-based overtone spectroscopy

We describe a portable diode-laser-based sensor for NH3 detection using vibrational overtone absorption spectroscopy at 1.53 µm. Use of fiber-coupled optical elements makes such a trace gas sensor rugged and easy to align. On-line data acquisition and processing requiring <30 s can be performed with a laptop PC running LabVIEW software. The gas sensor was used primarily for NH3 concentration measurements with a sensitivity of 0.7 parts per million (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) over a two-week period in a bioreactor being developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center for water treatment technologies to support long-duration space missions. The feasibility of simultaneous, real-time measurements of NH3 and CO2 concentrations is also reported.
A meta-analysis of relations between person–organization fit and work attitudes

Abstract This article presents a meta-analytic review of 21 studies on relations of person–organization fit with job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intent to turnover. Four specific moderators were investigated: the type of fit measure, method of calculating fit, dimensions of fit, and use of an established measure of person–organization fit. Mean effect sizes for the outcome variables ranged from −.18 for intent to turnover to .28 for organizational commitment. Subjective fit measures, the use of correlations to calculate fit, value congruence as the fit dimension, and the use of an established measure of person–organization fit increased effect sizes. Recommendations for future research on person–organization fit are suggested.
Quantitative neural indicators of liability to schizophrenia: implications for molecular genetic studies.

While schizophrenia is substantially heritable, the disorder's molecular genetic basis remains elusive. These efforts have been hindered by an inability to detect non-clinically-penetrant carriers of the predisposing genes and by uncertainties concerning the nature of the non-genetic influences and the extent of locus heterogeneity. The endophenotype approach is an alternative method for measuring phenotypic variation that may facilitate the identification of susceptibility genes in the context of complexly-inherited traits. Here we describe the application of this method to measures of brain structure and function in samples of schizophrenia patients and their non-ill first-degree relatives (siblings and co-twins). Our results suggest that there are likely to be multiple heritable dimensions of the central nervous system pathology in schizophrenia, each under the influence of a partially distinct set of genes, one of which involves disturbances in the structure and functioning of frontal lobe systems involved in working memory and another of which appears to render the brain more susceptible to damage to subcortical systems involved in long-term memory following oxygen deprivation in utero. Measures sensitive to quantitative variation in these dimensions of the central nervous system compromise should allow non-penetrant gene carriers to become informative for genetic linkage and facilitate detection of different genetic loci contributing to discrete aspects of disease liability.
Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: Characterization and sedimentation behavior

Abstract Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase was partially purified from extracts of Escherichia coli . Sedimentation analyses of the enzyme in sucrose gradients indicate association-dissociation reactions involving monomeric units of 94,000 molecular weight. It has an S 20, w of 8.4 (corresponding to a dimer) in the absence of substrates, metal ions, metabolic regulators, or urea. The S 20, w decreases to 5.8 (monomer) when 1 m urea alone is included in the centrifugation medium. It increases to 12.2 when Mg 2+ is included or to 13.2 (tetramer) when aspartate, an allosteric inhibitor of PEP carboxylase activity, is included in the centrifugation medium. Sedimentation analyses of the enzyme in the presence of urea containing PEP, Mg 2+ , and acetyl-coenzyme A give an S 20, w of 8.1, characteristic of the dimer. Assays for enzymatic activity in 1 m urea under essentially the same conditions show that the enzyme has 62 to 75% of maximum enzymatic activity, indicating that the dimers are enzymatically active. The enzyme is isoelectric at pH 4.92. The K m values for its substrates are: 0.17 m m for acetyl-coenzyme A, 0.44 m m for Mg 2+ , 0.63 m m for PEP, and 1.75 m m for bicarbonate. It is inhibited reversibly by p -mercuribenzoate. Increasing concentrations of NaCl or KCl up to 0.5 m cause a precipitous drop in enzymatic activity; however, neither 0.5 m NaCl nor 0.5 m KCl shows an appreciable effect on the S 20, w Although 1 m urea causes dissociation of the molecule and inhibits activity to some extent, it does not interfere with the regulation of catalytic activity by acetyl-coenzyme A.
Exploring the faculty pipeline in educational administration: Evidence from the survey of earned doctorates, 1999 to 2000

Purpose: This study examines the factors that predict who among those receiving educational administration doctorates is most likely to become a faculty member. Research Design: The study uses 10 years of data on all doctoral recipients from programs in educational administration gathered from the Survey of Earned Doctorates (1990 to 2000). Statistical models, using logistic regression, determined which variables (preparation, experience, and personal) best predicted whether graduates pursued postsecondary academic careers. A separate model determined which variables predicted the likelihood of holding a graduate assistantship (the best predictor of a faculty career). A third model determined the variables that best predicted the selectivity of an individual’s undergraduate institution. Findings: The study found that 19% of doctoral recipients in educational administration pursue faculty careers. The best predictors of becoming a faculty member were attending a research university full time, holding an assistantship, being single, having no children, and being younger than age 30. A second track to the professoriat is also evident. Many who pursue faculty careers are older, worked full time in graduate school, and held faculty positions before they graduated. Conclusions: More research is needed about the second track to the educational professoriat. From a policy perspective, questions remain about the characteristics most desired for those training future school administrators as well as future educational administration faculty.
Lower lobe collapse during continuous interscalene brachial plexus local anesthesia at home

Abstract Objectives We report a case of pulmonary left lower lobe collapse following an interscalene local anesthetic infusion administered at home. This case highlights the need for patient education and postoperative communication. Case report A 52-year-old male patient presented for a rotator cuff repair. He was a chronic tobacco abuser with a history of occasional chest pain of unexplained cause. An interscalene catheter was placed preoperatively and surgery was performed under a combination of an interscalene block and a general anesthetic. An infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine was started via the interscalene catheter postoperatively and continued at home following his discharge from the hospital on the third postoperative day. Within 24 hours of discharge, he was readmitted to the hospital after complaining of chest pain and dyspnea. The patient was seen in the emergency department by nonanesthesiologists who were not familiar with the potential for interscalene blocks to cause diaphragmatic paresis. Conclusions Good communication must be maintained with the patient at all times. Doctors from other specialties may be unaware of the potential complications of an interscalene block.
STRUCTURAL AND PHASE TRANSITIONS IN TiN-AlN AND TiN-AlN-(Ni-Cr-Al) COMPOSITES PRODUCED BY FOCUSED SOLAR RADIATION

Results are given on the effects of concentrated solar radiation on the structure and phase transitions of composite materials (CM) based on TiN-AlN. Oxidation in the TiN-AlN system leads to the formation of β-Al 2 TiO 5 , which prevents the diffusion of titanium and aluminum to the surface of the specimen and correspondingly is a protective barrier for the CM in air up to temperatures above 1500°C. A CM based on TiN-AlN with Ni-Cr-Al bonding has high resistance to oxidation above 1500°C. The introduction of this metal alloy into the CM favors the formation of the spinel NiCr 2 O 4 , which reacts with titanium and aluminum oxides to form a dense oxide film providing protection of the CM from oxidation. Then CM with compositions TiN-AlN and TiN-AlN-30% (Ni-Cr-Al) have elevated corrosion resistance above 1500°C and can be used as corrosion-resistant CM and as coatings.
Design and Development Test of a Heavy-Duty Industrial Gas Turbine Combustion System for Low-Btu Coal Gas Fuel

A heavy-duty industrial gas turbine combustion system has been designed and developed for low-Btu coal gas fuel with heating value in the 100 to 150 Btu/scf range (4.22 to 6.33 MJ/ncm). The new design uses a unique high-swirl fuel injector to provide rapid fuel/air mixing and a stable flame front. A full-scale, full-pressure laboratory development test program has been conducted with simulated clean low-Btu coal gas fuel, and the combustion system has operated successfully with minimally cleaned raw coal gas from a fixed bed gasifier in a process evaluation test facility at the General Electric Research and Development Center. Laboratory test results are presented for important combustor operating parameters including exhaust emissions, combustion efficiency, exhaust temperature profile, dynamic pressure, and metal temperature distribution.
On the spectral theorem for normal operators

It has been known for some time that one can construct a proof of the spectral theorem for a normal operator on a Hilbert space by applying the Gelfand representation theorem to the Abelian von Neumann algebra generated by the normal operator, and using the fact that the maximal ideal space of an Abelian von Neumann algebra is extremely disconnected. This, in fact, is the spirit of the monograph (8). On the other hand, it is difficult to find in print accounts of the spectral theorem from this viewpoint and, in particular, the treatment in (8) uses a considerable amount of measure theory and does not have the proof of the spectral theorem as its main objective.
Functionality of Wheat Germ Protein in Comminuted Meat Products as Compared with Corn Germ and Soy Proteins

Wheat germ protein flour (WGPF), corn germ protein flour (CGPF), and soy flour (SF) were used as additives at a level of 3.5% in comminuted meat products (CMP). Frankfurters with protein additives showed increased water-holding capacity and batter stability and decreased cooking loss. Improved viscosity and adhesiveness were observed with protein additives when the level of added water was constant. Protein additives also influenced textural and sensory properties of frankfurters. WGPF at a level of 3.5% was found similar to effects of SF and CGPF. WGPF is a potential nonmeat protein additive that can be utilized as an extender in CMP such as frankfurters and bologna.
Individual recognition and learning of queen odors by worker honeybees.

Abstract A honeybee queen is usually attacked if she is placed among the workers of a colony other than her own. This rejection occurs even if environmental sources of odor, such as food, water, and genetic origin of the workers, are kept constant in laboratory conditions. The genetic similarity of queens determines how similar their recognition characteristics are; inbred sister queens were accepted in 35% of exchanges, outbred sister queens in 12%, and nonsister queens in 0%. Carbon dioxide narcosis results in worker honeybees accepting nonnestmate queens. A learning curve is presented, showing the time after narcosis required by workers to learn to recognize a new queen. In contrast, worker transfers result in only a small percentage of the workers being rejected. The reason for the difference between queens and workers may be because of worker and queen recognition cues having different sources.
Collagen Synthesis by Lathyrogen-Treated 3T6 Fibroblasts

The lathyrogen, beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN), in ascorbate-free medium increased the synthesis of both collagenous and non-collagenous proteins in 3T6 fibroblasts. Cell layer collagen was underhydroxylated and more easily extracted with neutral salt in treated cultures. The ratios of proline: hydroxyproline in sequentially extracted collagen in the cell layer of both BAPN and control cultures showed virtually no difference in the acid soluble and insoluble fractions; however, the BAPN salt-soluble fraction was definitely underhydroxylated when compared to control cultures. The data suggest that the salt-soluble macromolecule represents, in addition to a cross-linking defect, an underhydroxylated intracellular collagen precursor.
Modulating the mechanical properties of poly(diol citrates) via the incorporation of a second type of crosslink network

Novel citric acid-based polyesters were synthesized by condensation of citric acid, 1,8-octanediol, and unsaturated monomers such as glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate and bis(hydroxypropylfumarate). Under the synthesis conditions used, the crosslinked elastomeric network exhibited a wide range of mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of acrylated elastomers ranged from 7.4 to 75.9 MPa for Young's modulus, 2.8 to 15.7 MPa for ultimate tensile stress, and 86 to 133% for elongation at break. The mechanical properties of fumarate-containing elastomers ranged from 16.4 to 38.3 MPa for Young's modulus, 5.5 to 10.2 MPa for ultimate tensile stress, and 218 to 260% for elongation at break, which depended on the content of 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone. Addition of a secondary crosslink network is a viable method to increase the range of mechanical properties of citric acid-based biodegradable elastomers. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the elastomers is between −12.7 and −1.6°C, confirming that all the elastomers are in a rubbery state at room temperature. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Properties of murine anti-morphine antibodies

Four lines of high affinity monoclonal antibodies directed against morphine have been isolated and affinity purified. Some of their properties, including cross-reactivities to a large set of selected opiate agonists and antagonists are described. Importantly, none of the immunoglobulins cross-react with D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin.
Trimer based polarization as a multibody molecular model. Application to hydrogen fluoride.

A molecular modeling approach is introduced as a way to treat multibody (more than two molecules) contributions to the intermolecular potential. There are two key features to the method. First, it employs polarizable electrostatics on the molecules, but converges the charges and fields for only three molecules at a time, taken separately for all trimers (three molecules falling within a cutoff distance) in the system. This feature introduces significant computational savings when applied in Monte Carlo simulation (in comparison to a full N-body polarization treatment), as movement of a single molecule does not require re-converging of the polarization of all molecules, and it achieves this without approximations that cause the value of the energy to depend on the history of the simulation. Second, the approach defines the polarization energy in excess of the pairwise contribution, meaning that the trimer energy has subtracted from it the sum of the energies obtained by converging the polarization of each ...
Therapeutic Dilemma for Restless Legs Syndrome

Since the tantalizing description by Willis in 1672 and the modern exposition by Ekbom in 1945,1 we have enhanced our understanding of the common yet uncommonly recognized entity of restless legs syndrome (RLS). RLS is a sensorimotor neurologic disorder with an unknown natural history that profoundly disturbs sleep and quality of life. The condition was not viewed as a true disease by some until 2011, when it was renamed Willis–Ekbom disease. Four essential diagnostic criteria have been established: the urge to move the legs (with or without uncomfortable leg sensations), beginning or worsening of symptoms during quiescence, relief on moving . . .
Joseph Alsop and American foreign policy : the journalist as advocate

This book examines the career and influence of the prominent journalist Joseph Alsop, who made his professional debut in 1932 and continued writing into the 1980s. Using his personal papers, pertinent documents, oral histories, and interviews, the author traces the evolution of Alsop's foreign policy views and discusses his interaction with Washington D.C.'s decision-making elite. This book reveals that although Alsop was clearly used by the Roosevelt, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon administrations, he also exercised significant influence on these leaders.
Assessment of dose rate profiles and accessibility inside the building of the experimental fusion reactor, ITER, during operation and after shutdown

Abstract During the D–T operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), the dose inside ITER building is attributed to neutrons and gamma-rays streaming from various openings in the machine, whereas after shutdown, it is solely due to the decay gammas from activated components inside the building. In the present study, two cases of different geometrical arrangement are considered (Case A and Case C) in which the impact of the size of the opening of the NBI horizontal ports and presence of the NBI structure on the dose profiles everywhere in ITER building was studied and compared to the case (Case B) where all the horizontal ports are plugged. Contours and mapping of the dose rate profiles during operation, at shutdown, and at one-day, one-week, and one-month after shutdown, were generated for the three cases. Zone classification requirements for each hall/room and gallery of the building in terms of the maximum allowed exposure dose during operation and after shutdown were examined to identify where these requirements are met during ‘hands-on’ maintenance activities. It is shown that the requirements are satisfied at all times after shutdown in the halls above the ground, even during operation. For the conservative Case A, the dose rates are excessively high inside the equatorial NBI hall and inside the access halls above and below (divertor hall). In Case C, all the halls/vaults and galleries are accessible 1-week after shutdown, except inside the NBI hall whose dose rate (6.2 × 105 μSv h−1) exceeds the required zone classification (3–2 μSv h−1). All areas are accessible a week after shutdown in Case B which represents the building side away from the NBI ports. However, in all these cases, the accessibility criterion inside the rooms beneath the cryostat is not met at all times after shutdown due to the rather thin bottom bioshield (50 cm) which may necessitate some design changes.
Water-level regulation and coastal wetland vegetation in the upper St. Lawrence River: inferences from historical aerial imagery, seed banks, and Typha dynamics

We evaluated habitat changes of tributary (drowned river mouth) wetlands in the upper St. Lawrence River with analysis of pre-and post-regulation water levels and historical vegetation reconstruction from aerial photographs. In addition, the germination response of transplanted wetland soil was compared to understand responses to moist versus saturated hydrology. Typha stem density was sampled in reference sites under the influence of water-level regulation by the International Joint Commission (IJC) and compared to treatment sites where installed control structures held levels (<0.7 m) higher. Major hydrologic changes due to regulation included a reduction of inter-annual variability with a reduction in peak levels and periodic lows, leading to a dampening of 30–40 year water-level cycles. Wetland photo interpretation indicated that flooded and mixed habitat categories were apparent at all sites for pre-regulation in 1948, but post-regulation photos (1972 and 1994) showed encroachment of robust emergent (Typha angustifolia, T. latifolia, and T. x glauca) in these habitats. Vegetation surveys (7 years, 2001–2007) indicated that reference and treatment sites were dominated by Typha, but mean stem densities were not statistically different. Typha stem density, however, declined in response to decreased summer water level. Periodic summer low water levels coupled with higher winter levels (that promote muskrat activity) were hypothesized to have the greatest effect on reducing Typha density. Seed-bank analysis indicated that a greater diversity of plant species germinated in mesic (moist) conditions than in the saturated treatment (flooded), where Typha was the dominant seedling component. Altered hydrologic regimes and invasive Typha have had a substantial effect on habitat structure within coastal wetlands and inferences from local management of levels provide useful guidance for future system-wide regulation.
Melamine Sensing in Milk Products by Using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering

Simple and rapid detection of trace amounts of melamine in milk products has been achieved with a portable sensor system based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The sensor system comprised high-performance gold nanofinger SERS sensor chips and a custom-built prototype portable Raman spectrometer. Compared to the FDA procedure and previously reported studies that were limited to laboratory settings, our sampling and analytical methods are simple (with one sampling step), less time-consuming, and cost-effective. We found the limit of detection (LOD) of the melamine is 120 parts per trillion (ppt) in water and 100 parts per billion (ppb) in infant formula, which are well below the FDA’s tolerance level of 1 ppm in infant formula.
The interface of depression, sleep, and vasomotor symptoms.

Understanding how depression, vasomotor symptoms (VMS; usually characterized by daytime and/or nighttime hot flashes/sweats), and sleep quality interface remains a challenge. Studies on midlife women often have been addressed to dyads of these three symptoms/disorders, and the study of Joffe et al1
Landform and scenic preference: A research note

Abstract Brush, R.O., 1981. Landform and scenic preference: a research note. Landscape Plann. , 8: 301–306. Landform and scenic preference were very highly correlated in a sample of photographs of natural landscapes taken from all regions of the United States. Forty-one scenes were sorted into four levels of relative relief. Each of the photographs had been ranked on scenic preference by persons camping in the Adirondack Mountains of New York. This high correlation provides quantitative support for existing schemes for classifying scenic landscapes, and suggests a further improvement in predictive models of scenic quality. The high correlation of landform and scenic preference also suggests that landscapes of low relative relief may be more sensitive to changes in forest vegetation and other surface features than mountainous landscapes.
Improvements in the capacity of computer-generated holographic storage using the Lee method with sparse multivalued reconstructions.

The use of sparse multivalued data encodings for the purpose of increasing the capacity of parallel-access optical memories based on Fourier-transform computer-generated holography is discussed. Results based on the Lee method indicate that a sparse encoding of nonbinary data words can be used to increase the storage-area utilization efficiency from 35% to > 70%. It is also found that for signal-to-noise ratios greater than 200, five-level data encoding can be used to achieve bit error rates less than 10−12 reliably with 60% area efficiency.
Regiospecific ureidoalkylation of silyl enol ethers

Abstract Site-specific ureidoalkylation of silyl enol ethers can be achieved by their reactions with chloromethylcarbamates at −78° under the influence of titanium tetrachloride.
Thermosetting cure diagrams : calculation and application

The time–temperature–transformation (TTT) isothermal cure diagram and the continuous-heating-transformation (CHT) cure diagram are calculated from a reaction model for a high-Tg epoxy/amine system that has been developed to describe both epoxy/amine and etherification reactions in kinetically and diffusion-controlled reaction regimes. The cure diagrams are applied to various processing operations. The optimization of processing and of material properties by exploiting gelation and/or vitrification during cure is discussed. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Atomic physicochemical parameters for three-dimensional-structure-directed quantitative structure-activity relationships. 2. Modeling dispersive and hydrophic interactions

In an earlier paper (Ghose A. K.; Crippen, G. M. J. Comput. Chem. 1986, 7, 565) the need of atomic physicochemical properties for three-dimensional-structure-directed quantitative structure-activity relationships was demonstrated, and it was shown how atomic parameters can be developed to successfully evaluate the molecular water-1-octanol partition coefficient, which is a measure of hydrophobicity. In the present work the atomic values of molar refractivity are reported. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens are divided into 110 atom types of which 93 atomic values are evaluated from 504 molecules by using a constrained least-squares technique. These values gave a standard deviation of 1.269 and a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The parameters were used to predict the molar refractivities of 78 compounds. The predicted values have a standard deviation of 1.614 and a correlation coefficient of 0.994. The degree of closeness of the linear relationship between the atomic water-1-octanol partition coefficients and molar refractivities has been checked by the correlation coefficient of 89 atom types used for both the properties. The correlation coefficient has been found to be 0.322. The low value suggests that both parameters can be used to model the intermolecular interaction. The origin of these physicochemical properties and the types of interaction that can be modeled by these properties have been critically analyzed.
Oxidative stress-mediated cardiac mast cell degranulation

Pulmonary mast cell degranulation is a well-characterized response to diesel exhaust exposure. A primary constituent of fossil fuel combustion is sulfur dioxide (SO2). SO2 was shown to induce mast cell degranulation in an immortalized cell line secondary to induction of intracellular oxidative stress; however, it is not known whether SO2-induced oxidative stress directly triggers the activation of cardiac mast cells. Accordingly, this study sought to determine whether Na2SO3 induces degranulation of cardiac mast cells, and furthermore whether cardiac mast cell activation may be prevented by inhibition of oxidative stress. To this end, cardiac mast cells were isolated from epicardial surface of the heart and incubated with increasing concentrations of Na2SO3 (0, 0.5, or 5 mM). Antioxidant compounds targeting different mechanisms of free radical generation, including ebselen, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), or α-tocopherol, were incubated with 5 mM of Na2SO3 in order to determine their efficacy in preventing mas...
A Rare Complication of a Barium-Contrast Study

n 86-year-old woman was admitted for intracAtable vomiting and septic pneumonia. Her medical history included refractory peptic ulcer disease requiring Billroth II gastrectomy, complicated by gastric outlet obstruction with placement of gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes. She reported having a barium swallow study for vomiting a week prior, after which her symptoms worsened progressively. She complained of diffuse abdominal pain, distension, and was uncertain of the timing of her last bowel movement. Physical examination was notable for a heart rate of 119 beats per minute, blood pressure of 75/35 mm Hg, and a distended tender abdomen with minimal bowel sounds throughout. Laboratory findings showed a hemoglobin level of 8.2 g/dL, a white blood cell count of 12.2 10/L, a creatinine level of 1.6 mg/dL, and a lactic acid level of 2.6 mmol/L. An abdominal radiograph and computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed diffuse colonic and distal small-bowel dilatation with hyperdense intraluminal material and areas of focally dense intraluminal contents within the proximal descending colon corresponding with inspissated barium (Figures A and B). She was treated for septic shock with vasopressor support and showed hemodynamic improvement by the third day. Conservative management was attempted to relieve the barium impaction. No results were produced using polyethylene glycol, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, lactulose enemas, tap water enemas, mineral oil enemas, or manual disimpaction. Sigmoidoscopy on day 4 of the hospitalization showed large barium pellets; irrigation was attempted without success (Figure C). The patient underwent total colectomy with end-ileostomy on day 6 of the hospitalization. She was discharged in stable condition. Barium sulfate is an insoluble salt commonly used in radiologic studies and generally is considered a low-risk contrast medium. Rarely, it can precipitate and cause impaction. One systematic review found only 32 reported cases of bowel obstruction caused by barium inspissation that occurred over a 56-year period (1950–2006). Risk factors include advanced age, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration, changes to intestinal anatomy narrowing the lumen, and any drugs or medical conditions affecting colon motility (systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, or Ogilvie’s syndrome). Nearly half of the cases manifested themselves within the first 4 weeks after barium studies, however, it may take up to 2 years for this to occur. Methods used to relieve barium impaction in the past have been manual extraction, enemas, laxatives, and endoscopy. Colonoscopic dissolution was achieved using either high-pressure jet stream under general anesthesia, prolonged water irrigation, or combined mechanical destruction and irrigation. Nearly half of the cases required surgery, ranging from colotomy with barolith removal to total colectomy with ileostomy. Considering
Using CITIDEL resources to support documenting objectives and outcomes

This poster demonstrates connecting objectives, outcomes and CITIDEL resources to improve course preparation. The example used is mobile computing.
INNER CITY RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURE AND DECLINE

ABSTRACT The lack of an adequate theoretical foundation to explain residential structure has become increasingly evident as researchers attempt to incorporate blighted areas of the city into a conceptual framework. Empirical evidence based on Cedar Rapids data indicates that the findings of social area analysts are applicable to the inner city with its downgraded socioeconomic character and abundant substandard housing. A case is made for decline and expansion, improvement and contraction, with respect to housing quality being instances of a common process of residential change. Expanding poverty and/or ghetto areas, coupled with intra-urban migration flows superimposed on a relatively fixed housing stock, suggest that decline follows a concentric ring expansion process most accelerated along sectors experiencing the most rapid out-migration, particularly in those areas away from the expanding ghetto.
Thyroid thymoma in childhood

A nontoxic thyroid nodule was detected in a female infant soon after birth. At 4 years of age, the nodule was removed. Histological examination disclosed a Iobulated spindle-cell neoplasm with focal epithelioid differentiation. The tumor demonstrated diffuse immunopositivity for low-molecular-weight keratins with scattered cells staining for S- 100 protein or leukocyte common antigen; the tumor was negative for calcitonin and thyroglobulin. By electron microscopy, the spindle-shaped cells contained bundles of intracytoplasmic tonofilaments and desmosomes. The light- and electron-microscopical features and immunohistochemical profile of this tumor were those of the recently described primary thyroid thymoma. Thymoma should be considered as a possible, albeit rare, cause of a thyroid mass in infancy or childhood.
They'lI Ve: combining surrealist research and computer-mediated tools for social justice

This poster presentation will focus on the Surrealist logic behind a hand-coded website entitled "They'lI Ve," and how it can be combined with computer-mediated tools to create a collaborative invention space aimed at combating global or local issues. In particular, this presentation will demonstrate how the use of Surrealist logic can be used to create constraints on user input that can paradoxically liberate an individual's thought processes as he/she navigates and engages said issues.
Ultrastructural organization of heterochromatin within sea urchin sperm nuclei

Chromatin within swollen or lysed isolated sperm nuclei of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, was examined by electron microscopy. Spread preparations of lysed sperm nuclei demonstrated dense aggregates of nondispersed material and beaded filaments radiating from these aggregates. These beaded fibers are similar in size and appearance to the “beads-on-a-string” seen as characteristic of chromatin spreads from numerous interphase nuclei. The beads are nucleosomes that have an average diameter of 130 A. The interconnecting string is 40 A indiameter and corresponds to the spacer DNA. In thin sections of swollen nuclei the sperm chromatin appears to be composed of 400 A superbeads that are closely apposed to form 400 A fibers. As the chromatin disperses, the superbeads are seen to be attached to one another by chromatin fibers of 110 A diameter. In thin sections, the 400 A superbeads appear to disperse directly into the 110 A fibers with no intervening structures. This work demonstrates that the heterochromatin in Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm nuclei is composed of nucleosomes that form 100 A filaments that are compacted into 400 A superbeads. The superbeads coalesce to give the morphological appearance of 400 A fibers.
Improved non-restoring square root algorithm with dual path calculation

This paper focuses on reducing the delay of the non-restoring square root algorithm. Although the non-restoring square root algorithm is faster than the other radix-2 digit recurrent square root algorithms, there are still some possibilities to enhance its performance. To improve its performance, two new approaches are proposed here. For the first proposed approach, a novel method to find a square root bit for every iteration, which hides the total delay of the multiplexer with dual path calculation is presented. Secondly, a new method uses the modified Most Significant Carry (MSC) generator, which determines the sign of each remainder faster than a carry lookahead adder, which reduces the total delay.
Reliability and safety of tension leg platforms

Abstract This paper is concerned with structural safety of tension leg platforms (TLPs) in extreme storm waves. Based upon selected statistical models for the distributions of water surface elevation during a storm, mean storm wind velocity, structural strength and storm arrivals, a reliability model for the mooring system of the TLP is presented. It is used to assess the probability of progressive failure of the legs at each corner and the reliability of the mooring system during the service life of the platform as a function of various design parameters.
Two-Stage Fowler-Stephens Orchiopexy With Laparoscopic Clipping of the Spermatic Vessels

AbstractPurpose: We report the outcome of a staged approach to the intra-abdominal testicle and provide baseline data on operative time, postoperative course and testicular survival.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 441 boys (547 undescended testes). There were 105 boys (24%) with 124 nonpalpable testes (23%). All patients underwent laparoscopy. Ligation of spermatic vessels was performed as stage 1 on 20 abdominal testes (4%) in 18 boys (4%). Stage 2 orchiopexy was done using an open technique.Results: Two-stage orchiopexy in 18 boys included a bilateral procedure in 2, of which 1 was asynchronous and 1 was synchronous. Average operative time was 55 minutes for stage 1 and 67 minutes for stage 2. Stage 1 and 2 procedures were performed on an outpatient basis in 18 and 17 (94%) boys, respectively. There were no complications after stage 1 and 1 wound infection developed after stage 2. One testis with no vas deferens was determined to be nonviable at stage 2. The remaining 1...
Estimation of soil strength properties for critical rooting conditions

Abstract Methods to aid in the large-scale testing and characterization of Coastal Plain soils based on their susceptibility to root-limiting strength problems were developed and analyzed. They were basically regression equations modeled after a Taylor series expansion. The equations relate changes of soil strength, bulk density and soil water content between field and “critical rooting conditions”. Once equations wered eveloped from a data set of 426 laboratory samples, critical rooting bulk density was predicted for a separate set of laboratory and field samples. All laboratory samples and appropriate field samples were equilibrated at — 100 kPa soil-water potential. Soils used were sandy Ultisols, which may limit the scope of equations. In many cases, changes in the water contents were not a significant factor in the prediction of soil strength. This may be a reflection of the limited capabilities of the equations, the uniform equilibration of soil-water potential of the soils, or the fact that the slope of the strength vs. bulk density curve is independent of water content over the range of samples considered. Nevertheless, it does simplify the equations and may suggest that a series of several equations for different soil types would be better than a single equation that requires soil-water content.
Urethral bulking agents

Most surgeons no longer use urethral bulking agents for hypermobility-related stress incontinence due to the profusion of new synthetic slings that are more effective and highly durable. Nevertheless, there are situations where bulking agents are preferable. The author comments on the history of injectables, and explains why these agents still have a place in clinical practice.
Above-ground biomass and nutrient distribution of released and fertilized yellow-poplar trees

Abstract A study was established to evaluate the effects of release and fertilizer treatments on above-ground biomass and nutrient distribution of 10-year old yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) saplings in Virginia. Treatments were applied in the spring of 1989 and again in 1992. Growth was evaluated over seven growing seasons, 1989 to 1995. About 71% of the biomass of 15-year old trees was bole wood, and 11% bark. Foliar biomass was 5.7% of the total. The nutrient distribution differed somewhat by treatment, with significant responses to both release and fertilization. Overall, foliage had the highest nutrient content, containing 39% of total tree N. Bole wood, due to its larger mass, contained from 42 to 55% of above-ground nutrients. Release resulted in a significant (P
Cerebral Organization and Behavior

The split brain behaves in many respects like two separate brains, providing new research possibilities.
From physics to pharmacology

Over the last 50 years there has been an explosion of biological data, leading to the realization that to fully explain biological mechanisms it is necessary to interpret them as complex dynamical systems. The first stage of this interpretation is to determine which components (proteins, genes or metabolites) of the system interact. This is usually represented by a graph or network. The behavior of this network can then be investigated using mathematical modeling. In vivo these biological networks show several remarkable (and seemingly paradoxical) properties including robustness, plasticity and sensitivity. Erroneous behavior of these networks is often associated with disease. Hence understanding the system-level properties can have important implications for the treatment of disease. Systems biology is an organized approach to quantitatively describe and elucidate the behavior of these complex networks. This review focuses on the progress and future challenges of a systems approach to biology.
CORROSION FATIGUE OF A 2024-T3 ALUMINUM ALLOY IN THE SHORT CRACK DOMAIN

It is well accepted that the steady-state fatigue crack growth rates of long cracks depend uniquely on AK for a fixed load ratio R and test environment. Anomalous growth behavior of short cracks in either inert or deleterious environments that has been reported [1-7], however, calls into question the validity of using only long-crack results in evaluating the service life of a structural component and argues for the need for considering the effects of crack size. Crack-size effects have been extensively studied from the perspectives of mechanical, metallurgical and chemical principles. Microstructurally and mechanically short cracks [1-3] are associated with the influences of fine-scale microstructure, the limitation of continuum mechanics (or LEFM-linear elastic fracture mechanics), or crack closure. Chemically short cracks [4-7], on the other hand, normally extend to longer lengths and are attributed to the differences in local crack-tip chemistry (e.g., pH, [Oz], potential) between the long and short cracks and also, perhaps, from the bulk solution. The objective of this study is to explore the effect of crack size in various environments and to identify the key variables that affect crack growth behavior. The crack size investigated herein was chemically short but microstructurally and mechanically long. A 1.6 mm thick 2024-T3 (bare) aluminum alloy was used and its chemical composition (in wt%) is as follows: 4.24 Cu, 1.26 Mg, 0.65 Mn, 0.15 Fe, 0.08 Zn, 0.06 Si, 0.031 Ti, <0.01 Cr and balance A1. The elongation, 0.2% offset yield strength and tensile strength are 17.0%, 355 MPa (51 ksi) and 480 MPa (70 ksi), respectively. The specimens were cut in the L-T orientation as dog-bone shaped, center-pin-loaded, single-edge-cracked specimens with a 31.75 mm wide and 76.2 mm long (final dimension) mid-section. A 1.6 mm long electro-discharge machined (EDM) starter notch was introduced at the center of one edge of each specimen. The specimens were precracked by fatigue in air to a crack length of 3.42 mm (including the notch). Extra material (2.92 mm wide) was included on the notched side, and was removed by EDM to produce the final specimen, with a symmetrical test section and an approximaely 0.5 mm long edge crack. The following K calibration equation was used:
The urinary output of d- and l-amphetamine in man

Abstract Racemic amphetamine or methylamphetamine was administered to four human subjects, and the urine was collected in a total of fourteen experiments. The proportion of the optical isomers present in the urine was determined by gas chromatography of the diastereosiomers formed when a urine extract was reacted with trifluoroacetyl-l-prolyl chloride. After administration of racemic amphetamine the optical isomers were not excreted at the same rate. The ratio of the d-isomer to the l-isomer in the urine decreased from 0.99 during the first 12 hr to 0.46 at 48–60 hr. Although the total urinary excretion of amphetamine is pH-dependent, the differential excretion of the d- and l-isomers occurred whether the urine was acid or alkaline. Racemic methylamphetamine was metabolized to amphetamine and the main isomer excreted in the urine was d-amphetamine, whereas l-amphetamine was formed to a lesser extent.
Insight into the Mechanisms of Middle Distillate Fuel Oxidative Degradation. Part 2: On the Relationship between Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidative Deposit, Soluble Macromolecular Oxidatively Reactive Species, and Smoke Point

We present data that suggest that jet fuel smoke point and the formation of thermal oxidative deposit are linked by formation of a common intermediate, high molecular weight soluble macromolecular oxidatively reactive species (SMORS). Hardy and Wechter (Energy Fuels 1994, 8, 782−787) have previously observed that with diesel fuels containing unhydrotreated light cycle oil (LCO), the highest molecular weight fraction of SMORS can be conveniently quantified as an extraction-induced precipitate (EIP). These authors have also shown that for fresh diesel fuel, oxidatively stressed fuel EIP mass correlates well with results of accelerated storage stability determined by ASTM 5304. Consistent with this, data are presented that suggest EIP mass, from jet fuels oxidatively stressed in tubing bombs, correlates with mean thermal oxidative deposition in a flowing reactor. In addition, data are presented that suggest that for a polar compound doped oxidatively stressed jet fuel, EIP mass correlates with the total conc...