cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perturbation-Theoretic Approach To Atoms and Molecules

A general perturbation-theoretic procedure for obtaining accurate wave functions for atoms and molecules is developed in detail for an arbitrary separable ${H}_{0}$, and the explicit equations satisfied by the various parts of the first- and second-order perturbed wave functions are given. It is shown how the solutions for the $n\mathrm{th}$-order perturbed function can be found in terms of solutions to partial differential equations in only $n+1$ variables for atoms, and in terms of solutions to sets of coupled equations in the same $n+1$ variables for molecules. It turns out that for atoms the number of pair equations that need be solved to give ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{1}$ and the major part of ${\ensuremath{\Psi}}_{2}$ is roughly proportional to $N$, the number of electrons; while for molecules of no symmetry, with paired electrons, it is proportional to $\frac{N(N+2)}{8}$ as distinguished from the $\frac{{N}^{2}}{4}$ expected previously. This reduction in the number of necessary pairs may be of some practical use if the pair equations are integrated numerically. Various Hamiltonians are discussed, and an "exchangeless" Hamiltonian is introduced, which can serve to simplify the computations relative to the usual Hartree-Fock procedure, and might serve to increase the rate of convergence. Numerical calculations are performed for the helium-atom ground state in order to illustrate the procedure and to examine the rates of convergence of the expansions based on several different ${H}_{0}'\mathrm{s}$. Results differing from the exact result by 2-9 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ are obtained for the different calculations through third order, and this error cannot be reduced by changing ${H}_{0}$. The angular expansion and the numerical integration technique used on the two-dimensional equations are sufficiently accurate that the third-order energy agrees to within 7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ of Knight and Scherr's value.
Response-Specific Scalp Distributions in Deception Detection and ERP Correlates of Psychopathic Personality Traits

Abstract University students were screened using items from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory and divided into high (n = 13) and low (n = 11) Psychopathic Personality Trait (PPT) groups. The P300 component of the event-related potential (ERP) was recorded as each group completed a two-block autobiographical oddball task, responding honestly during the first (Phone) block, in which oddball items were participants' home phone numbers, and then feigning amnesia in response to approximately 50% of items in the second (Birthday) block in which oddball items were participants' birthdates. Bootstrapping of peak-to-peak amplitudes correctly identified 100% of low PPT and 92% of high PPT participants as having intact recognition. Both groups demonstrated malingering-related P300 amplitude reduction. For the first time, P300 amplitude and topography differences were observed between honest and deceptive responses to Birthday items. No main between-group P300 effects resulted. Post-hoc analysis revealed between...
USE OF FINITE PROPAGATION VELOCITY IN THE SOLUTION OF INTERFACE MASS TRANSFER PROBLEMS

A number of theories have been proposed to explain and interpret mass transfer processes at interfaces. Most of these models are based on solutions of Fick's Law of diffusion to describe the transfer process. There are evidences, however, both experimental and theoretical, which show that this fundamental law has shortcomings. An objection to the classical error-function solution of the diffusion problem is the physically unrealistic predicted instantaneous response at every position in the system to a step change. In addition, mass transfer rate given by such a solution approaches infinity as time approaches zero. Inclusion of finite velocity of propagation in the governing differential equation overcomes both the theoretical objections to the classical solution. This concept is utilized in predicting the concentration profile and mass transfer rates in systems with zero and first order chemical reactions.
Fluorescence assay of the specificity of human plasma and bovine liver phospholipid transfer proteins

The specificities of a human plasma and bovine liver phospholipid transfer protein were studied using a fluorescence assay based on the transfer of pyrenyl phospholipids. This method was used previously to determine the mechanism of spontaneous transfer of phospholipids between model lipoproteins (Massey, J.B., Gotto, A.M., Jr. and Pownall, H.J. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 3630-3636). The pyrenyl phospholipids varied in the headgroup moiety; pyrenyl phosphatidylcholines contained different fatty acyl chains in the sn-1 position. Model high-density lipoproteins (R-HDL) consisting of apolipoprotein A-I and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) were used as donor and acceptor particles. As previously shown, the bovine liver protein mediated the transfer of only phosphatidylcholine. In contrast, the human plasma protein transferred all species studied which included a phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, galactosylcerebroside, and a diacylglycerol. The activity of these transfer proteins was only slightly affected by changes in the acyl chain composition of the transferring lipid. Pyrenyl and radioactive ([3H]POPC) phospholipids were transferred with equal rates by the human transfer protein, suggesting that this protein has similar binding characteristics for pyrenyl and natural phospholipids. Spontaneous phospholipid transfer occurs by the aqueous diffusion of monomeric lipid where the rate is highly dependent on fatty acyl chain composition. In this study, no correlation between the rate of spontaneous transfer and protein-mediated transfer was found. The apparent Km values for R-HDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), when used as acceptors, were similar when based on the number of acceptor particles. The apparent Vmax for the bovine liver protein was identical for R-HDL and LDL but for the plasma protein Vmax was slightly higher for R-HDL. These results suggest that, like the bovine liver protein, the plasma protein functions as a phospholipid-binding carrier that exchanges phospholipids between membrane surfaces. The assay of lipid transfer proteins by pyrenyl-labeled lipids is faster and easier to perform than other current methods, which require separation of donor and acceptor particles, and is suitable for studies on the function and mechanism of action of lipid transfer proteins.
White paper on the health status of Filipino Americans and recommendations for research

Abstract This paper provides the historical and demographic background of Filipino Americans and a brief examination of the paucity of health data and information on Filipino Americans in Healthy People 2010 and the research literature. Recommendations for areas of future nursing research are provided. Nurs Outlook 2002;50:7-15.
Homology between murine and human cellular DNA sequences and the terminal repetition of the S component of herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA.

Abstract DNA from trigeminal ganglia of mice latently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 was cloned in bacteriophage lambda Charon 27. Three recombinant clones that cross-hybridize to each other and hybridize to the S-segment terminal repeat region of the herpesvirus genome were obtained. The region of homology maps within a 1.1 kb Sma I fragment approximately 400 bp from the S-segment terminal repeat terminus, outside the domain of the a sequences. The insert DNAs in these clones, as well as the Sma I fragment of viral DNA that contains the region of homology, hybridize to uninfected mouse brain DNA with a pattern indicative of the presence of repeated sequences, and also hybridize to discrete Eco RI fragments of human DNA. These recombinant clones contain intermediate repetitive mouse genomic DNA sequences related to a small region of the viral S-segment terminal repeat, and those sequences are evolutionarily conserved in mammalian DNA.
Floating wetland mesocosm assessment of nutrient removal to reduce ecotoxicity in stormwater ponds

A grouped mesocosm study was conducted with different water holding capacities and conditions to determine nutrient removal efficiency using floating wetland macrophytes. Different scenarios were created by changing water depth, littoral vegetation, sorption media and area coverage to observe how they affect nutrient removal efficiencies. Plant species were screened and selected based on the literature, local availability and previously performed microcosm studies. Sorption media were warped using geotextile filter fostering microbial colonization in the rhizospheric zone to enhance denitrification and plant growth. Water quality parameters included total nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphate, nitrate–nitrogen and ammonia–nitrogen in addition to in situ parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature and chlorophyll-a. Composite samples across several locations were collected periodically to understand the spatial distribution or aggregation of nutrients. After 3 months of water quality monitoring, plants were analyzed for tissue nutrient concentrations, and the average uptake rate was calculated as 36.39 and 1.48 mg m−2 day−1 for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, by the floating treatment wetland system. Finally, considering the higher nutrient aggregation in the rhizospheric zone, the removal rate with 5 % area coverage and water quality improvement by littoral zone, the optimized design, placement and maintenance of the whole system were recommended.
MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS VS. DOMESTIC CORPORATIONS: FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CHARACTERISTICS

The analysis in this paper is composed of two segments. First, the financial performance of a sample of multinational corporations (MNCs) is compared with that derived for a control group of domestic corporations (DMCs) using market-based performance measures. Then, the paper presents a comparison of selected financial characteristics of the firms in the two groups. The results suggest the DMCs appear to have a significantly superior risk-adjusted market-based performance, are significantly less capitalized, and have higher total risk as well as higher systematic risk. The fact that MNCs are substantially larger than DMCs is not found to be a significant factor in explaining the observed difference between the two groups' performance.
Finite subgroups occuring in finite-dimensional division algebras

In [+6] we proved Conjecture A if K is either an algebraic number field or the completion of an algebraic number field. The proofs given involved extremely technical number theoretic methods and were not applicable to other fields. In this paper we approach this question from a different viewpoint and prove a result valid for arbitrary fields. In the process we prove Conjecture A for a more general class of both K and D, and we obtain greatly simplified proofs of some of the main results of [4-61. By a K-division ring we mean a finite dimensional division algebra over K with center K. In view of Herstein’s result that finite subgroups of division rings of prime characteristic are cyclic [7], we restrict our attention to fields of characteristic zero. We let Q denote the field of rational numbers and, for G a finite multiplicative subgroup of D, we set 9(G) = {C a& ) ai E Q, Ai E G). g’(G) is a finite dimensional division algebra over Q (not necessarily central over Q). Amitsur in [2] determined the structure of g(G); in particular 93(G) depends on G up to isomorphism, and not on D. We denote the center of 93(G) by 8. Since D 3 g(G), D contains the subalgebra generated by K and g(G), which is easily seen to be KC? @ 99(G). We set A(G) = KC? OS S(G). We will maintain this notation throughout this paper.
The use of precut, γ-irradiated corneal lenticules in Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis implantation.

Purpose To report the use of a sterile, γ-irradiated corneal tissue without viable endothelium (VisionGraft Sterile Cornea; Tissue Banks International) in lieu of fresh donor cornea in Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro) implantation. Design Retrospective, interventional small case series. Methods Eleven eyes of 11 patients underwent Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis implantation using VisionGraft Sterile Cornea between April 2009 and October 2010. Precut donut-shaped corneal lenticules, using femtosecond laser, measuring 8.5 mm in diameter with a 3-mm central hole were used. Results Surgical procedures were uneventful. Complete corneal re-epithelization was noted within 10 days in all cases. No complications related to the donor cornea (eg, stromal necrosis, wound leak, or device extrusion) occurred over an average follow-up of 16.5 months. Conclusions VisionGraft Sterile Cornea eliminates the need for use of fresh donor corneal tissue for Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis procedures, which makes this procedure a viable sight-restoring option when donor corneal tissues are not readily available.
Contrast detail detectability of a full-field digital mammography system

The current mammography uses analog screen film for acquisition, storage, and display, however, there still remain many improvements to be made such as increasing sensitivity, higher contrast resolution, and wider dynamic range. Also, the analog mammography shows inadequate results for young women under the age of 40 because of the radiodense breast tissue. Thus, it is essential to improve the current standard for greater chance of detection with a minimum amount of radiation exposed to the patient. The goal of this project was to investigate the contrast detail detectability of a prototype Full Field Digital Mammography system using simulated lesions from CDMAM phantom.
Déjà Vu: Assessing Similarity between Service Contracts for Risk Prediction

Major IT service providers typically manage a large portfolio of contracts with a variety of customers. To ensure smooth delivery and continuous profitability, it is critical for the service providers to leverage the experiences and lessons learnt from the historical contracts and prevent similar issues from reoccurring in the future. In this context, we investigate how to predict potential risks for new contracts based on their similarities with existing ones. A critical challenge along this line is to effectively measure the similarity between the contracts. To this end, extending from the Mahalanobis distance metric learning framework, we develop a new approach to gauge contract similarity using expert assessment data collected prior to contract signing (so called "contract fingerprints"). A key advantage of the proposed method is the ability to train model with not only continuous distance measures between contract pairs, but also the binary side information of dissimilar pairs. Finally, experimental results on real-world service contract data show that our proposed approach greatly outperforms existing benchmarks, and can provide more accurate contract risk assessment.
A Real Time CCD Parallel Radar Processor

In coherent pulse-Doppler radars, the signal processing is frequently performed by a digital processor, or by the combination of an analog pulse compressor followed by a digital processor. Traditionally, digital processing is attractive for one or both of the following reasons: complicated signal processing algorithms can be implemented using commercially available building blocks (i.e., digital ICs) and signals with a large dynamic range can be accommodated. However, in applications involving modest dynamic ranges (≈8 bits), analog signal processing offers the potential for higher throughput rates in a smaller, lower power processor than would be possible with a digital implementation. Except in the area of pulse compression, almost all past attempts to realize the potential advantage of analog signal processing have met with only limited success. In particular, conventional charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have not gained wide spread acceptance in commercial or military systems because they have not provided sufficient cost, power and throughput advantages over digital technology.
Alteration of the t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding site as a mechanism of vertebrate cyclodiene insecticide resistance

Abstract Insecticide-resistant populations of mosquitofish ( Gambusia affinis ) have developed a resistance to cyclodiene and cyclodiene-type insecticides which bind to picrotoxinin binding sites of the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor-ionophore complex in the central nervous system. Scatchard analysis of [ 35 S]t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate binding data from wild populations of resistant and susceptible mosquitofish suggests a reduction in binding affinity in resistant fish. Reduction in binding capacity correlates with endrin LC 50 values in laboratory-reared endrin-resistant mosquitofish. These studies indicate that vertebrate endrin-resistance involves a genetically based alteration in central nervous system target sites which is the result of environmental selection pressures from toxic insecticide residues.
Misbelief and the neglect of environmental context

Focusing on the individual's internal cognitive architecture, McKay & Dennett (M&D) provide an incomplete analysis because they neglect the crucial role played by the external environment in producing misbeliefs and determining whether those misbeliefs are adaptive. In some environments, positive illusions are not adaptive. Further, misbeliefs often arise because the environment commonly fails to provide crucial information needed to form accurate judgments.
Chemical Form and Distribution of Mercury and Selenium in Edible Seafood

The content, chemical form, and distribution of mercury and selenium in edible tissue were determined for several samples of fish and other marine animal organisms (mollusks, crustaceans and pods). For most fish samples, except Pacific blue marlin, 53 to 94% of the total mercury content was present as methylmercury, being notably higher in freshwater species. Other marine organisms, except shrimp, contained only 29 to 47% methylmercury. For all samples, a significant part of the total selenium content (4 to 47%) was present as selenate (Se VI). Tissue selenium levels did not correlate with corresponding mercury levels. In freshwater and older processed (canned) marine fish, except marlin, 55 to 80% of the total mercury content was water-extractable. For non-processed (fresh) and newly-processed marine samples, only 22 to 47% was extractable. On a percentage basis, inorganic mercury was generally more extractable than methylmercury. For all fish samples, except marlin, 55 to 60% of the total selenium content was water-extractable, while only 35 to 45% was extractable for other marine species. On a percentage basis, Se VI was more extractable than selenite (Se IV) and selenide (Se II).
Studies on commercially available 99Mo/99mTc radionuclide generators—II. Operating characteristics and behavior of 99Mo/99mTc generators

Abstract Two 99 Mo/ 99m Tc generators from each of the four U.S. manufacturers were tracked through their clinical lifetimes by monitoring elution efficiency and the amount of total technetium per mCi 99m Tc in the individual generator eluants. The resulting values of (moles Tc)/(mCi 99m Tc) were compared to theoretical values calculated using an existing nomograph. The nomograph consistently underestimates the mass of total technetium in generator eluants by 25–300%. Also, there are statistically significant ( P 99m Tc in the eluants from generators of different manufacturers. These results are interpreted in terms of absorbed radiation dose causing a transient holdback of 99m Tc and in terms of excess technetium being loaded onto the generators at the time of manufacture. The relevance of these experimental results to the preparation of reduced 99m Tc radiopharmaceuticals is discussed.
Statistics of the contact network in frictional and frictionless granular packings.

Simulated granular packings with different particle friction coefficient $\ensuremath{\mu}$ are examined. The distribution of the particle-particle and particle-wall normal and tangential contact forces $P(f)$ are computed and compared with existing experimental data. Here $f\ensuremath{\equiv}F/\overline{F}$ is the contact force F normalized by the average value $\overline{F}.$ $P(f)$ exhibits exponential-like decay at large forces, a plateau/peak near $f=1,$ with additional features at forces smaller than the average that depend on $\ensuremath{\mu}.$ Additional information beyond the one-point force distribution functions is provided in the form of the force-force spatial distribution function and the contact point radial distribution function. These quantities indicate that correlations between forces are only weakly dependent on friction and decay rapidly beyond approximately three particle diameters. Distributions of particle-particle contact angles show that the contact network is not isotropic and only weakly dependent on friction. High force-bearing structures, or force chains, do not play a dominant role in these three-dimensional, unloaded packings.
c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase mediates interleukin-1beta-induced inhibition of lacrimal gland secretion.

Sjogren's syndrome, an inflammatory disease affecting the lacrimal and salivary glands, is the leading cause of aqueous tear-deficient type of dry eye. We previously showed that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) protein is up regulated in the lacrimal gland of a murine model of Sjogren's syndrome and that exogenous addition of this cytokine inhibits neurotransmitter release and lacrimal gland protein secretion. In the present study we investigated the role of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) in IL-1beta-mediated inhibition of lacrimal gland secretion and tear production. In vitro, IL-1beta induced a time-dependent activation of JNK with a maximum 7.5-fold at 30 min. SP600125, a JNK inhibitor, inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, IL-1beta-induced activation of JNK with a maximum of 87% at 10(-4) m. In vivo, IL-1beta stimulated JNK and the expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). IL-1beta inhibited high KCl and adrenergic agonist induced protein secretion by 85% and 66%, respectively. SP600125 alleviated the inhibitory effect of IL-1beta on KCl- and agonist-induced protein secretion by 79% and 47%, respectively, and completely blocked the expression of iNOS. Treatment for 7 days with SP600125 increased tear production in a murine model of Sjogren's syndrome dry eye. We conclude that JNK plays a pivotal role in IL-1beta-mediated inhibition of lacrimal gland secretion and subsequent dry eye.
Altered Loading in the Injured Knee after ACL Rupture

Articular loading is an important factor in the joint degenerative process for individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Evaluation of loading for a population that exhibits neuromuscular compensation for injury requires an approach which can incorporate individual muscle activation strategies in its estimation of muscle forces. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee joint contact forces for patients with ACL deficiency using an EMG-driven modeling approach to estimate muscle forces. Thirty athletes with acute, unilateral ACL rupture underwent gait analysis after resolving range of motion, effusion, pain, and obvious gait impairments. Electromyography was recorded bilaterally from 14 lower extremity muscles and input to a musculoskeletal model for estimation of muscle forces and joint contact forces. Gait mechanics were consistent with previous reports for individuals with ACL-deficiency. Our major finding was that joint loading was altered in the injured limb after acute ACL injury; patients walked with decreased contact force on their injured knee compared to their uninjured knee. Both medial and lateral compartment forces were reduced without a significant change in the distribution of tibiofemoral load between compartments. This is the first study to estimate medial and lateral compartment contact forces in patients with acute ACL rupture using an approach which is sensitive to individual muscle activation patterns. Further work is needed to determine whether this early decreased loading of the injured limb is involved in the development of osteoarthritis in these patients.
A Novel In-Vitro System for the Simultaneous Exposure of Bladder Smooth Muscle Cells to Mechanical Strain and Sustained Hydrostatic Pressure

The novel hydrostrain system was designed in an effort to establish and maintain conditions that simulate the in-vivo mechanical environment of the bladder. In this laboratory system, ovine bladder smooth muscle cells on flexible, 10-cm-dia silastic membranes were exposed simultaneously to hydrostatic pressure (40 cm H 2 O, a pressure level currently associated with bladder pathologies) and mechanical strains (up to 25 percent) under standard cell culture conditions for 7 h. Under these conditions, Heparin Binding-Epidermal Growth Factor and Collagen Type III mRNA expression were significantly increased (p<0.01 and 0.1, respectively); however no changes were observed in Collagen Type I mRNA expression. Decreases in the Collagen Type I:Type III ratio following simultaneous exposure of bladder smooth muscle cells to pathological levels of hydrostatic pressure and mechanical strain in vitro are in agreement with clinically observed increases in Collagen Type III with concomitant decreased human bladder compliance. The results of the present study, therefore, provide cellular/molecular level information relevant to bladder pathology that could have significant implications in the field of clinical urology.
Thermal relaxation effects in rapid sliding contact with friction

A rigid die slides at constant sub-critical speed on a homogeneous, isotropic linear coupled thermoelastic half-space. Friction exists, and a dynamic steady state of plane strain is considered. An exact integral transform solution for the related problem of moving surface traction is obtained, and asymptotic expressions valid when thermal relaxation is prominent are extracted.
Cell Therapy for Muscle Regeneration and Repair

Muscle cell transplantation is a possible treatment for skeletal muscle diseases, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Research and clinical trials have revealed that the success of this technique is limited by several factors, including poor cell survival, inadequate dissemination of transplanted cells, and inducement of an immune response against the donor cells. Researchers have attempted to use various immunosuppressive regimens to reduce the host immune response and prolong donor cell survival, and some recent results are promising (ie, inducement of immune tolerance by chimerism). Researchers continue to make efforts to identify more cell populations that might be useful for transplantation-related applications. Although stem cells derived from various tissues have exhibited myogenic potential, readily accessible satellite cells and multipotent muscle stem cells remain the best choices for use in efforts to promote muscle regeneration and repair. Cell delivery to skeletal muscle is challenging because the proper distribution of transplanted cells is integral to achieving the desired therapeutic outcome. Although systemic delivery would ensure that the donor cells reach all the targets, it is not yet an efficient method for delivery of muscle cells. The posttransplantationmicroenvironment also has influenced cell differentiation strongly. To optimize the chances of successful treatment, researchers who
Elastic constants and specific-heat measurements on single crystals of La2CuO4

We measured all nine elastic constants of a nonsuperconducting single crystal of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ at 310, 297, and 44 K using a small-sample resonant ultrasound technique. Weak features in resonant frequencies dependent on compressional moduli were observed near 29 K, and a broad minimum occurred at 38 K, near the superconducting transition temperature of optimally doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$. The features are also reflected in the specific heat.
Association of tumor necrosis factor gene polymorphisms and prolonged mechanical ventilation after coronary artery bypass surgery.

OBJECTIVE Prolonged mechanical ventilation is a common complication after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is an important proinflammatory mediator in the post-coronary artery bypass graft inflammatory cascade. We attempted to study the effect of polymorphisms at the -308 site in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor gene (TNF-308) and the +250 site within the lymphotoxin-alpha gene (LT alpha+250) on the risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation after coronary artery bypass grafting. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Tertiary care center. PATIENTS A total of 400 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS The primary end point was time to extubate. Secondary end points were the percentages of patients extubated at 8, 24, and 48 hrs; the length of intensive care unit and hospital stay; the need for a rehabilitation facility; and 30-day mortality. Precollected blood was used for gene analysis. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. MAIN RESULTS Patients with an AA genotype at the LT alpha+250 site and those without the LT alpha+250G/-308TNFG haplotype had a shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (11.5 vs. 27.8 hrs and 11.2 vs. 29.4 hrs; =.039 and.01, respectively). The risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation at 8, 24, and 48 hrs was higher for patients with a GA or GG genotype at the LT alpha+250 site and the LT alpha+250G/TNF-308G haplotype. This association between genotype and duration of mechanical ventilation was more dramatic in patients undergoing conventional coronary artery bypass grafting than in those undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. With Bayesian analysis, clinical criteria and genotype can be used sequentially to predict the risk of prolonged mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS The LT alpha+250 and LT alpha+250G/TNF-308G haplotypes are associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation after coronary artery bypass graft. Preoperative genetic screening may guide intraoperative management to reduce postoperative complications.
Reversible Secretion of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans by Cyclically Stretched Valvular Cells in 3D Culture

Mitral valve leaflets and chordae have been shown to contain different amounts and proportions of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) corresponding to in vivo normal or diseased cyclic strain patterns. To understand the effect of cyclic strains on GAG/PG synthesis by valvular interstitial cells (VICs) isolated from valve leaflet and chordae separately, porcine VICs were seeded within collagen gels and alternately stretched or relaxed for 24 h periods for one week in a custom-designed tissue engineering bioreactor. We found cyclic-stretch-induced upregulation of total GAGs and of individual GAG classes secreted into the culture medium. Leaflet cells showed a delayed response to stretching compared to chordal cells, but altered the proportions of various GAG classes they secreted during the culture duration. Decorin and biglycan PGs were slightly responsive to stretch. We demonstrated that mechanical stretch and relaxation conditions reversibly regulate GAG and PG production in a novel 3D model of valve tissues. This is the first study using cyclic strains to modulate GAG/PG synthesis by valve cells and our results may have implications for the remodeling of the mitral valve as well as other tissues.
The Dark Side of the Force: A Case Study of Restructuring and Social Capital1

Abstract This paper uses a case study of a Southern textile community to show how a distinct form of social capital is embedded in local networks of power and domination. Textile firms and communities in the South have undergone restructuring: technology and labor processes have modernized, firms have merged, consolidated, or closed, and the number of workers has declined. An analysis of Cannon Mills and its associated mill community of Kannapolis identifies the sources of the paternalist form of social capital that dominated work and community social relations. Corporate mergers, downsizing, technological change, shifts in the labor market, municipal incorporation, and labor organizing contributed to the transformation and decline of paternalistic social capital. The case study reminds social scientists that social capital is a context dependent form of power that can be created, accumulated, or destroyed. While many current analyses treat social capital as an unquestioned positive force, the case study reveals the dark side of social capital.
Development of an innovative sandwich common bulkhead for cryogenic upper stage propellant tank

Abstract In the frame of the Future Launcher Preparatory Program (FLPP) investigating advancing technologies for the Next Generation of Launchers (NGL) a number of novel key technologies are presently under development for significantly improving vehicle performance in terms of payload capacity and mission versatility. As a respective ESA guided technology development program, Cryogenic Upper Stage Technologies (CUST) has been launched within FLPP that hosts among others the development of a common bulkhead to separate liquid hydrogen from the liquid oxygen compartment. In this context, MT Aerospace proposed an advanced sandwich design concept which is currently in the development phase reaching for TRL4 under MT Aerospace responsibility. Key components of this sandwich common bulkhead are a specific core material, situated in-between two thin aluminum face sheets, and an innovative thermal decoupling element at the equatorial region. The combination of these elements provides excellent thermal insulation capabilities and mechanical performance at a minimum weight, since mechanical and thermal functions are merged in the same component. This improvement is expressed by substantial performance figures of the proposed concept that include high resistance against reverse pressure, an optimized heat leak and minimized mass, involving the sandwich dome structure and the adjacent interface rings. The development of single sub-technologies, all contributing to maturate the sandwich common bulkhead towards the desired technology readiness level (TRL), is described in the context of the given design constraints as well as technical, functional and programmatic requirements, issued from the stage level. This includes the thermal and mechanical characterization of core materials, manufacturing issues as well as non-destructive testing and the thermal and structural analyses and dimensioning of the complete common bulkhead system. Dedicated TRL assessments in the Ariane 5 Mid-life Evolution (A5-ME) program track the progress of these technology developments and analyze their applicability in time for A5-ME. In order to approximate A5-ME concerned preconditions, activities are initiated aiming at harmonization of the available specifications. Hence, a look-out towards a further technology step approaching TRL6 in a subsequent phase is given, briefly addressing topics of full scale manufacture and appropriate thermo-mechanical testing of an entire sandwich common bulkhead.
Combining Lidar Data and Hyperspectral Imagery for Coastal Engineering and Environmental Characterization

This paper discusses advanced lidar and hyperspectral data fusion techniques that enable the extraction of subaqueous bottom characterizations and their relationships to provide quantitative end user products.
Activity level and words connoting mood.

Summary.-Words that had already been scaled for intensity of mood were scaled for activity level. The correlation between mood and activity scale values was high: elation is associated with much activity and depression with little activity. There was also evidence that anxiety is positively related to activity level. In a previous s~dy (Murray & Buss, 1963) words ranging from elation to depression were scaled for intensity of mood. Then gradients of stimulus generalization were obtained along this bipolar mood dimension. In interpreting differences in the slopes of the gradients it was assumed that the mood dimension has an associated dimension of motor activity: Mood is a bipolar dimension, and therefore we may assume that the extremely depressed endpoint is just as intense in mood as the extremely elated endpoint. The low point (or perhaps zero) of intensity of mood lies in the middle, represented by words like TRANQUIL and PLACID. However, the motor activity dimension associated with mood is unipolar. It ranges from a low point of activity at the extremely depressed end, through a middle point at the tranquil part of the dimension, to a high point at the extremely elated end (1963, p. 592). This hypothesis appears reasonable and is probably accepted by most psychologists. It is in accord with clinical descriptions of manic and depressive patients, who manifest high and low levels of motor activity, respectively (Buss, 1966). However, reasonable and acceptable as the hypothesis may be, it has never been tested. The present research so~lght to test the hypothesis by scaling the mood words for activity level and then correlating the activity scale values with the previously determined mood scale values. If mood has an associated motor activity dimension, the two should be highly correlated. METHOD There were 89 words connoting mood, which were scaled for activity level by the same procedure used in the mood scaling. The words were arranged in alphabetical order and presented to 100 men and 100 women from introductory psychology classes. Ss (different from those who had scaled for intensity ) were instructed to rate the words on a 9-point scale of motor activity, with 1 indicating the lowest and 9 the highest activity level. As with the intensity (mood) scaling, medians were used as scale values. Buss ( 1961 ) demonstrated that medians are roughly eq~livalent to scale values derived by the method of successive intervals (r = 90). As before, the men's and women's data were kept separate.
Bioactive glass in tissue engineering

This review focuses on recent advances in the development and use of bioactive glass for tissue engineering applications. Despite its inherent brittleness, bioactive glass has several appealing characteristics as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering. New bioactive glasses based on borate and borosilicate compositions have shown the ability to enhance new bone formation when compared to silicate bioactive glass. Borate-based bioactive glasses also have controllable degradation rates, so the degradation of the bioactive glass implant can be more closely matched to the rate of new bone formation. Bioactive glasses can be doped with trace quantities of elements such as Cu, Zn and Sr, which are known to be beneficial for healthy bone growth. In addition to the new bioactive glasses, recent advances in biomaterials processing have resulted in the creation of scaffold architectures with a range of mechanical properties suitable for the substitution of loaded as well as non-loaded bone. While bioactive glass has been extensively investigated for bone repair, there has been relatively little research on the application of bioactive glass to the repair of soft tissues. However, recent work has shown the ability of bioactive glass to promote angiogenesis, which is critical to numerous applications in tissue regeneration, such as neovascularization for bone regeneration and the healing of soft tissue wounds. Bioactive glass has also been shown to enhance neocartilage formation during in vitro culture of chondrocyte-seeded hydrogels, and to serve as a subchondral substrate for tissue-engineered osteochondral constructs. Methods used to manipulate the structure and performance of bioactive glass in these tissue engineering applications are analyzed.
Metrics and Algorithms for Routing Questions to User Communities

An online community consists of a group of users who share a common interest, background, or experience, and their collective goal is to contribute toward the welfare of the community members. Several websites allow their users to create and manage niche communities, such as Yahoo! Groups, Facebook Groups, Google+ Circles, and WebMD Forums. These community services also exist within enterprises, such as IBM Connections. Question answering within these communities enables their members to exchange knowledge and information with other community members. However, the onus of finding the right community for question asking lies with an individual user. The overwhelming number of communities necessitates the need for a good question routing strategy so that new questions get routed to an appropriately focused community and thus get resolved in a reasonable time frame.In this article, we consider the novel problem of routing a question to the right community and propose a framework for selecting and ranking the relevant communities for a question. We propose several novel features for modeling the three main entities of the system: questions, users, and communities. We propose features such as language attributes, inclination to respond, user familiarity, and difficulty of a question; based on these features, we propose similarity metrics between the routed question and the system entities. We introduce a Cutoff-Aggregation (CA) algorithm that aggregates the entity similarity within a community to compute that community's relevance. We introduce two k-nearest-neighbor (knn) algorithms that are a natural instantiation of the CA algorithm, which are computationally efficient and evaluate several ranking algorithms over the aggregate similarity scores computed by the two knn algorithms. We propose clustering techniques to speed up our recommendation framework and show how pipelining can improve the model performance. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on two large real-world datasets.
Measuring technological capabilities at the country level: A survey and a menu for choice

Abstract Several new measures of national technological capabilities have recently been developed. These attempts are a result of an often-implicit theoretical consensus about the nature of technology. The aim of this article is to compare their methodologies and results. The World Economic Forum (WEF), the UN Development Program (UNDP), the UN Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), and the RAND Corporation are the institutions that have provided the measures examined here. We compare these authoritative attempts with our own measure of technological capability, ArCo. The results provide a broadly comparable ranking of countries, although a few significant differences do emerge.
Detection of rapidly exchanging compounds using on-resonance frequency-labeled exchange (FLEX) transfer

Frequency-labeled exchange transfer is a promising MRI technique for labeling and detecting exchanging protons of low-concentration solutes through the water signal. Early frequency-labeled exchange studies have used off-resonance excitation-based labeling schemes that are well suited to study rapidly exchanging protons or molecules far from the water resonance (e.g., water in paramagnetic contrast agents) or slowly exchanging protons close to the water resonance (e.g., some amide protons). However, off-resonance labeling is not efficient for rapidly exchanging protons close to water. Here, we show that a new frequency-labeled exchange labeling scheme with excitation pulses applied on the water resonance gives much higher exchange contrast for rapidly exchanging protons resonating close to the water resonance frequency. This labeling scheme is particularly suited for studying rapidly exchanging hydroxyl, amine, and imino protons in diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer agents.
Analysis of reduced density matrices in the coordinate representation. II. The structure of closed‐shell atoms in the restricted Hartree–Fock approximation

The electron density and the Fermi hole of the ground states of the atoms He, Be, Ne, Mg, Ar, Ca, Zn, and Kr are studied in the restricted Hartree–Fock approximation. The use of single Slater-type orbitals for the free atoms is also discussed.
Fabric Modification Using the Plasmod1 The Effect of Extensive Treatment in Nitrogen and Oxygen Plasmas at Low Pressure

Woolen fabrics were treated at 1 mm Hg pressure in nitrogen and oxygen plasmas for 5 to 90 min at power settings of 50 and 100 W. Samples were tested for surface oxidation, area shrinkage, weight loss, fabric tear strength, Allworden reaction, and yellowness index. Samples treated in oxygen lost more water-soluble material than samples treated in nitrogen under similar conditions. Treatment in oxygen was more effective than in nitrogen for bleaching and controlling felting shrinkage. Fabric shrinkage was decreased to less than 10% without impairing tear strength.
On a rapid calculation of a certain enumeration problem encountered in a public transportation network

Abstract The article suggests a rapid solution to the apparently simple problem of finding the minimal number of buses that are required to keep up a two way line with prescribed departure and travel times. The buses are assumed to go back and forth and are operated under the convention “the first to arrive at a terminal is the first to leave”. The problem dealt with is the most general in the sense that no restrictions are imposed upon either the departure or travel times. The proposed solution has two basic features, namely, it is a functional one and it can be rapidly computed. The distinctiveness of the functional solution, as distinguished from the algorithmic one, is that it can serve as a constraint in a mathematical program where the departure times of buses are taken as control variables. The rapidness is essential when the solution has to be obtained many times as in a dynamic programming optimization procedure with control variables as mentioned above.
On the boundary layer regime in a vertical enclosure filled with a porous medium

Abstract The floating constants in Weber's boundary layer solution for free convection in a differentially heated vertical porous slab are reevaluated with a new approach. This approach uses Weber's solution to calculate the net vertical heat flux which is equated to zero near the top and bottom ends of the enclosure. It is shown that the Nusselt numbers predicted with the new constants are in excellent agreement with experimental and numerical results.
Creating impressions: An experimental investigation of political advertising on television

Using an experimental design, this paper addresses a few basic, but important, questions about the influence of televised political advertising. How effective are different kinds of political spots in creating impressions of a candidate among viewers? Do negative ads work better than positive ads in creating favorable impressions? Do spots that focus on issues create more favorable impressions that spots that stress the traits of a candidate? Do two ads work better than one ad in creating impressions? Can the effects of a spot be undercut by a follow-up advertisement from the opposition? This paper offers some tentative answers to these questions.
Integrated Science: The Importance of “How” Versus “What”

Current problems in science education are identified from research literature. A review and analysis of major reform efforts in science education is provided. A summary of the Constructivist Learning Theory is presented; this theory has been generally accepted as a means for resolving current problems and for implementing the major reforms in science education. It is noted that specific constructivist teaching practices are needed to improve learning: Changes in teaching, not curriculum, are the key to effective reform. Many continue to think of reform in terms of content structure and curriculum frameworks, but to promote real learning, “how” to teach must be emphasized more than “what” to teach.