cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vascular endothelial growth factor expression in human neuroblastoma: up-regulation by hypoxia.

Enhanced angiogenesis apparently contributes to the poor clinical outcome of human neuroblastoma, but the mechanisms have remained unclear. We report here that cultured human neuroblastoma cells express a bioactive endothelial cell growth factor indistinguishable from the angiogenesis stimulator vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is present in neuroblastoma but not vascular endothelial cells, whereas the corresponding VEGF receptors (Flt-1 and Flk-1/KDR) are expressed in endothelial but not neuroblastoma cells. Exposure of neuroblastoma cells to hypoxia induces a marked increase in bioactive VEGF. VEGF is also present in human neuroblastoma specimens, with substantial amounts in apparently hypoxic neuroblastoma cells, eventually accumulating in tumor microvessels. Our results indicate that VEGF (i) is present in human neuroblastomas, (ii) is up-regulated by tumor hypoxia and (iii) may stimulate neuroblastoma angiogenesis by paracrine mechanisms, thereby contributing to the progression of human neuroblastomas. We suggest that inhibition of VEGF activity may represent a novel approach for the therapy of human neuroblastoma. Int. J. Cancer 81:113–117, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Theoretical calculation of the stress-strain behavior of dual-phase metals with randomly oriented spheroidal inclusions

A simple model is developed to determine the overall response of dual-phase metals with an inclusion/matrix microgeometry. The inclusions are taken to be spheroidal in shape and are randomly oriented and homogeneously dispersed in the matrix. No restriction is placed on whether the inclusions are harder or softer (in the sense of flow stress) than the matrix, and as with most dual-phase metals, both phases are capable of undergoing plastic flow. The yielding process of the inclusions is now orientation dependent and sequential, and the overall elastoplastic response of the two-phase system is found to be strongly dependent upon the inclusion shape and concentration, even more so than on the corresponding elastic behavior. Disc-shaped inclusions generally give a superior reinforcing effect when the matrix is the softer phase, whereas spherical inclusions are more effective when the matrix is the harder one. As compared to the condition when the inclusions are strictly elastic, the plasticity of inclusions is found to translate into noticeable reduction in the flow stress of the composite. Comparison of the theoretical prediction with the experimental data for a ferrite/austenite system further shows a reasonable agreement.
A psychology of learning BASIC

This paper addresses the question: What does a person know following learning of BASIC programming? Several underlying conceptual structures are identified: (1) a transaction is an event that occurs in the computer and involves some operation on some object at some location, (2) a prestatement is a set of transactions corresponding to a line of code, (3) chunks are frequently occurring configurations of prestatements corresponding to several lines of code.
Non-specific incorporation of nucleic acid precursors in Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum

Incorporation of thymidine, thymidine monophosphate (TMP), thymidine triphosphate (TTP), uridine and orotic acid into DNA, RNA and protein in Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum was studied utilizing a specific acid hydrolysis technique developed for these fungi. Thymidine was incorporated to the greatest extent (approximately 0.5% of added label) followed by uridine, orotic acid, TMP and TTP. In Blastomyces, uridine and orotic acid labeled primarily RNA. TMP and TTP labeled RNA, DNA and protein at nearly the same level. In Histoplasma RNA was labeled poorly by any of these precursors. TMP and TTP labeled DNA predominately and protein to a slightly lower level. Deoxyadenosine or uridine media supplements of 250 micrograms/ml did not enhance incorporation. All precursors tested were found to be nonspecific in that RNA, DNA and protein were labeled. All data indicate that neither RNA nor DNA synthesis can be specifically measured in whole cells or acid precipitates by any of these precursors. Specific radiometric monitoring with these isotopes therefore requires the separation of these macromolecules.
Differential effects of 7-OH-DPAT on amphetamine-induced stereotypy and conditioned place preference

Low doses of the dopamine D3-preferring agonist 7-hydroxy-N,N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) produce a behavioral profile that is opposite to that produced by the psychomotor stimulants cocaine and amphetamine. For example, low doses of 7-OH-DPAT produce conditioned place aversion and hypolocomotion, whereas psychomotor stimulants produce conditioned place preference (CPP) and hyperlocomotion. In experiment 1, the effects of low doses of 7-OH-DPAT (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) on d-amphetamine-induced (1 mg/kg) motor behaviors and CPP were assessed. In experiment 2, the effects of 0.1 mg/kg 7-OH-DPAT on d-amphetamine (0-10 mg/kg) dose-response curves for the same behaviors were examined. During conditioning, drug injections were paired with a distinct compartment, whereas saline injections were paired with another compartment. Locomotion and headbobbing were measured following acute and repeated drug administration during conditioning and place conditioning was assessed 24 h following the last conditioning day. In experiment 1, d-amphetamine-induced locomotion was dose-dependently decreased by 7-OH-DPAT following repeated administration, which was probably due to the emergence of headbobbing, a behavior not observed with d-amphetamine alone. d-Amphetamine-CPP was not altered by co-administration of 0-0.03 mg/kg 7-OH-DPAT, but was attenuated by co-administration of 0.1 mg/kg 7-OH-DPAT. In experiment 2, 7-OH-DPAT co-administered with low doses of d-amphetamine (0-0.5 mg/kg) produced a decrease in locomotion following acute administration. However, 7-OH-DPAT produced sensitization of locomotion at the 0.5 mg/kg dose of d-amphetamine and an increase in headbobbing at the 0.5-10 mg/kg doses of d-amphetamine following repeated administration. In contrast, d-amphetamine-CPP was attenuated by co-administration of 7-OH-DPAT. These findings suggest that 0.1 mg/kg 7-OH-DPAT attenuates the reinforcing effects of d-amphetamine despite enhancing stereotypic behaviors.
Notch Signaling Represses Myocardin-induced Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation

Notch signaling is essential for vascular patterning and response of the vasculature to injury and growth factor stimulation. Despite these findings, the molecular basis of Notch signaling in the vasculature is poorly understood. Here we report that activation of Notch signaling mediated through members of the HRT family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors represses smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation and expression of genes encoding smooth muscle cell contractile markers. Activation of Notch receptors by Jagged1 or forced expression of the constitutively active Notch1 intracellular domain in C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts inhibited myocardin-dependent transcription of SMC-restricted genes and activity of multiple SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements. Consistent with these findings, forced expression of HRT2 inhibited myocardin-induced expression of SMC-restricted genes and activity of SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements. Moreover, forced expression of HRT2 repressed transcription of multiple SMC-restricted transcriptional regulatory elements in A10 SMCs. The repressive function of HRT2 was not mediated via the capacity of HRT2 to bind SMC CArG elements or by disruption of myocardin-SRF protein complexes. Structure-function analyses of HRT2 indicated that repression required the basic DNA binding domain and additional C-terminal sequence. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Notch signaling represses myocardin-dependent SMC transcription. These data are consistent with a model wherein Notch signaling represses SMC differentiation and maintenance of the contractile SMC phenotype.
VARIABILITY OF SUBPOLAR NORTH ATLANTIC CIRCULATION FROM ALTIMETRY

Altimeter data show that subpolar North Atlantic sea surface height has underwent large variations during the last two decades. Similarly the associated geostrophic velocity field exhibits large fluctutations in the strength of the subpolar gyre circulation such that the gyre was extremely strong in the early 1990's but may have been weaker in the late 1990s than in the late 1970s and 1980s. Numerical model experiments suggests that the 1990s had also large coincident changes in the meridional overturning in the North Atlantic Ocean
Effects of type of examiner, sex, and year in school on self report of drug use by high school students.

In order to study the examiner effect on self report of drug use by high school students, three types of examiners and four types of data, including self report of drug use, were manipulated. Analyses revealed that type of examiner had a significant effect on the reports of drug use but not on measures of mood, social support, and perception of drug use by other teens. Type of examiner, sex, and year in school had a significant three way interaction affecting self report of drug use. Implications for future studies involving self report of drug use are discussed.
Random Gust Response Statistics for Coupled Torsion-Flapping Rotor Blade Vibrations

An analysis of coupled torsion-flapping rotor blade vibrations in response to atmospheric turbulence revealed that at high rotor advance ratios anticipated for future high speed pure or convertible rotorcraft both flapping and torsional vibrations can be severe. While appropriate feedback systems can alleviate flapping, they have little effect on torsion. Dynamic stability margins have also no substantial influence on dynamic torsion loads. The only effective means found to alleviate turbulence caused torsional vibrations and loads at high advance ratio was a substantial torsional stiffness margin with respect to local static torsional divergence of the retreating blade.
Prediction of machining induced microstructure in Ti–6Al–4V alloy using 3-D FE-based simulations: Effects of tool micro-geometry, coating and cutting conditions

Abstract Machining process affects surface integrity of Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloyed end-products. During thermal-mechanical loading and subsequent processing that take place in machining, grain size is altered at the subsurface through dynamic recrystallization and subsequent recovery. This can cause softening or hardening of the machined surfaces affecting surface integrity depending on the resultant grain sizes and phase fractions. Prediction of machining induced surface integrity specifically microstructure and grain size can be achieved by using Finite Element-based process simulations and calculated temperature, strain, stress and strain rate fields. This study presents experimental and numerical investigations in machining induced subsurface microstructure, microhardness and grain size in Ti–6Al–4V titanium alloy. Machining surfaces are investigated by measuring subsurface microhardness and grain size and phase fractions in each cutting conditions through scanning electron microscopy and image processing. 3-D FE machining simulations are conducted at the same cutting conditions and tool geometry to predict dynamic recrystallization (DRx) and resultant grain size by utilizing the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami–Kolmogorov model for Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The study also presents investigations and discussions about the effects of machining conditions (tool geometry, coating, and cutting conditions) on the microhardness and grain size in machining Ti–6Al–4V. Numerical modeling results are compared with experimental results and distinct effects of tool edge radius, coating, and cutting conditions on machining induced subsurface microstructure specifically on the changes in grain size due to dynamic recrystallization and recovery have been reported.
The “digital divide” is not a problem in need of rectifying

An oft heard complaint is that there is a digital divide: that some racial, ethnic and gender groupings have more than their fair share of access to computers than others. Commentators who articulate this perspective offer as solutions to this problem the subsidization of such technology for those who are supposedly underprivileged in it. The present paper denies that there is any such problem in need of rectification.
MLP (muscle LIM protein) as a stress sensor in the heart

Muscle LIM protein (MLP, also known as cysteine rich protein 3 (CSRP3, CRP3)) is a muscle-specific-expressed LIM-only protein. It consists of 194 amino-acids and has been described initially as a factor involved in myogenesis (Arber et al. Cell 79:221–231, 1994). MLP soon became an important model for experimental cardiology when it was first demonstrated that MLP deficiency leads to myocardial hypertrophy followed by a dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure phenotype (Arber et al. Cell 88:393–403, 1997). At this time, this was the first genetically altered animal model to develop this devastating disease. Interestingly, MLP was also found to be down-regulated in humans with heart failure (Zolk et al. Circulation 101:2674–2677, 2000) and MLP mutations are able to cause hypertrophic and dilated forms of cardiomyopathy in humans (Bos et al. Mol Genet Metab 88:78–85, 2006; Geier et al. Circulation 107:1390–1395, 2003; Hershberger et al. Clin Transl Sci 1:21–26, 2008; Knoll et al. Cell 111:943–955, 2002; Knoll et al. Circ Res 106:695–704, 2010; Mohapatra et al. Mol Genet Metab 80:207–215, 2003). Although considerable efforts have been undertaken to unravel the underlying molecular mechanisms—how MLP mutations, either in model organisms or in the human setting cause these diseases are still unclear. In contrast, only precise knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms will allow the development of novel and innovative therapeutic strategies to combat this otherwise lethal condition. The focus of this review will be on the function of MLP in cardiac mechanosensation and we shall point to possible future directions in MLP research.
Psychosocial factors related to willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention among Black men who have sex with men attending a community event.

Objectives In the US, Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) holds tremendous promise for curbing the HIV/AIDS epidemic among these men. However, many psychosocial components must be addressed in order to implement this prevention tool effectively among BMSM. Methods: We assessed PrEP knowledge and use, health care access experiences, race-based medical mistrust, sexual partners and behaviours, and drug and alcohol use among 699 men attending a community event in the south-eastern United States. We used generalised linear modelling to assess factors associated with their willingness to use PrEP. Results: Three hundred and ninety-eight men reported being BMSM and having HIV-negative status. Among these men, 60% reported being willing to use PrEP. Lack of being comfortable with talking to a health care provider about having sex with men, not having discussed having sex with a man with a health care provider, race-based medical mistrust, and alcohol consumption and substance use were all identified as barriers to willingness to use PrEP. Sexual risk-taking, number of sex partners and STI diagnosis were not associated with willingness to use PrEP. Conclusions: Findings from the current paper demonstrate the importance of acknowledging the role of various psychosocial factors in the uptake of PrEP. It is imperative that we prioritise research into understanding these barriers better, as the failure to do so will impede the tremendous potential of this prevention technology.
Multiple mycotic aneurysms and transverse myelopathy complicating repair of aortic coarctation.

Abstract The case of an 18-year-old man with coarctation of the aorta discovered on routine physical examination and subsequently surgically repaired is reported. Four months postoperatively, aneurysms developed at the repair site and thrombosis of both femoral arteries was noted. Following an attempt to repair the aneurysm and remove the thrombi, the patient became paraplegic; Aspergillus fumigatus was found infecting the aorta and femoral vessels. After additional operations and a course of amphotericin B to control the fungal infection, the patient died of intrathoracic bleeding originating from infected, aneurysmally dilated intercostal vessels in the area of the original coarctation repair. The complicating fungal infection of the operative site and the paraplegia are discussed. This report is among the first to present a patient with fungal endarteritis complicating operation for coarctation of the aorta.
The lipid composition of raw and cooked fresh pork

Abstract Total fat, cholesterol, squalene, and fatty acids of the separable lean and fat of paired raw and cooked pork cuts and of three USDA quality grades are reported. Eight cuts from 11 carcasses were analyzed raw and cooked, and the loins from 22 carcasses of each of the three quality grades were analyzed raw. Estimates were made of infiltrated fat, edible yield, and true retention. Excluding spareribs, the separable lean of raw cuts averaged 7.60 ± 2.47% fat, 72.6 ± 1.5% volatiles, and 62.7 ± 3.0 mg/100 g cholesterol; cooking decreased volatiles and increased fat and cholesterol. Fat and cholesterol increased, and volatiles decreased, with decreasing grade quality.
Self-assembly of metallopolymer guided by graphene nanoribbons

Self-assembly owing to noncovalent interactions provides a powerful tool for the creation of structures at a molecular level. Metal-connected diblock polymers offer a versatile building block for a large variety of nanostructures. Here, we report the supramolecular self-assembly of bis(2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine) metal-connected diblock copolymer on graphene nanoribbons by the formation of donor–acceptor complexes mediated by enhanced van der Waals interactions. This approach promotes the self-assembly of metallopolymers and graphene nanoribbons, which yields a prospective route to novel nanomaterials.
The effect of partial denture clasp design on abutment tooth movement

Abstract A method of observing in the laboratory, the movement of abutment teeth supporting a mandibular removable partial denture was evaluated. The results show this testing design to be reliable. Four different clasp assemblies were compared as to their effect on abutment tooth movement. A statistical analysis of the data showed that Casting No. 3 (Fig. 6) caused significantly greater abutment tooth movement than did the other clasp assemblies tested.
Creating accountability in image quality analysis part 3: creation of a standardized image-centric mark-up and annotation tool.

While quality assurance (QA) has existed in some form from the inception of modern medicine, its importance and degree of scrutiny is greater than ever today, as evidenced by numerous quality-centric mandates issued from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) [1–3]. These IOM mandates have in turn fostered numerous healthcare and legislative quality initiatives including evidence-based medicine (EBM), meaningful use, and pay for performance [4–7]. The common denominator to these quality initiatives is data, which serves as the means with which measurement takes place and performance is judged. The goal of this data-driven analysis and intervention is to improve quality in healthcare delivery, which in turn is expected to improve clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, in its present form, a great deal of medical data exists in nonstandardized formats, which precludes creation of referenceable databases and meta-analysis [8, 9]. At the same time, despite the “digitization” of vast amounts of medical data, data integration and accessibility remains a problem due to the relative lack of integration between disparate information systems [10, 11]. The combined inabilities to record, access, correlate, and analyze standardized data in medical practice adversely affects these quality initiatives. Despite almost universal support for the principles behind EBM, its widespread applicability is limited by these existing data deficiencies. Attempts to improve quality and standardize data in medical imaging practice have been limited to date by a number of factors including the preferred method of radiology reporting (i.e., nonstandardized and narrative free text), inconsistency of QA standards (with the exception of mammography), lack of supporting quality-centric technology, and heightened emphasis on productivity and workflow enhancement in the face of declining reimbursements and increasing data volume and complexity [12–15]. If the IOM mandates are to be addressed in medical imaging practice, radical innovation is required which simultaneously addresses issues of data standardization and quality improvement without sacrificing workflow and productivity.
A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations

A brief introductory text that emphasises cultural history while also covering political and economic history. Chapters are brief and each major Chinese dynasty, Japanese Shogunate, or other discrete period is treated in a separate chapter. Chapters or groups of chapters on China or Japan alternate. Encounters with the West, beginning in the 16th and expanding greatly in the 19th century, are extensively covered.
Electron Mobility and Space‐Charge‐Limited Current Flow in Na‐Doped ZnO

With the aid of a technique which examines the transient drift in an applied field of electrons photoinjected into a single crystal specimen by a short pulse light, the electron mobility has been measured as a function of temperature in high-resistivity, Na-doped ZnO. The observed exponential temperature dependence of the mobility indicated that the drift mobility of electrons is controlled predominantly by thermal release from trapping states, of estimated density (5 to 22)×1015 cm−2, lying in a 0.24-eV region below the conduction band edge. Ohmic contacts of In used to inject electrons into a single-crystal specimen of the same material produced space-charge-limited currents at high fields. The observed current-voltage and current-temperature characteristics indicated that either a discrete level or a narrow band of electron traps existed in the 0.6-eV region below the conduction band edge with a density of 2×1013 cm−3.
Physical properties of comets

Until they reach positions a few AU from the sun, comets may be icy bodies a few km or less in diameter. At smaller distances from the sun, the nucleus of a comet will begin to vaporize, thereby generating a large neutral atmosphere, or coma. Two tails are also produced, one of which consists of dust particles entrained in the coma gas during vaporization and then separated from the coma by radiation pressure, while the other consists of ionized molecules swept back by the solar wind. Attention is presently given to the features noted by studies undertaken since 1980 in the nucleus, coma, dust tail and plasma tail regions of observable comets, as well as to the results of theoretical discussions concerning the origin and evolution of comets. Also evaluated are current preparations for the observation of Comet Halley's 1986 arrival at perihelion.
Serial Urinary 11-Dehydrothromboxane B2, Aspirin Dose, and Vascular Events in Blacks After Recent Cerebral Infarction

Background and Purpose— Incomplete platelet inhibition by aspirin (aspirin resistance) may be a reason for stroke recurrence in some patients. 11-Dehydrothromboxane B2 (11-DTB2) is a stable thromboxane A2 metabolite that reflects in vivo platelet activation. This pilot study was intended to evaluate the reproducibility of urinary 11-DTB2 over time and to look for evidence of aspirin resistance. Methods— All subjects were screened for the African American Antiplatelet Stroke Prevention Study (AAASPS) 7 to 90 days after noncardioembolic cerebral infarction. Of 83 subjects with at least 1 urine sample, 52 were enrolled in AAASPS (randomized to blinded treatment with aspirin 650 mg/d or ticlopidine 500 mg/d), and 31 were enrolled in an open-label antiplatelet therapy cohort. Subjects were followed up for 2 years, with 11-DTB2 measurements scheduled at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months. Vascular events were cerebral infarction, myocardial infarction, or vascular death. Results— Despite considerable individual ...
Comparing robust generalized variances and comments on efficiency

Abstract Numerous papers have considered the problem of comparing univariate measures of dispersion corresponding to two independent groups. This paper considers a multivariate generalization of this problem where the goal is to compare robust generalized variances. For reasons given in the paper, attention is focused on a particular W-estimator where multivariate outliers are downweighted via a projection-type outlier detection method. Included are results on the small-sample efficiency of several estimators plus comments on using the usual generalized variance.
Polarity asymmetry of oxides grown on polycrystalline silicon

The quality of oxide thermally grown on polycrystalline silicon, commonly referred to as polyoxide, is strongly dependent on polysilicon doping processes and polyoxide growth conditions. The electrical properties of polyoxides using different polysilicon doping processes (in situ, ion implanted, and POCl/sub 3/) and different oxidation processes (dry, wet, and LPCVD) have been studied. The emphasis is on the dependence of the polarity asymmetry of leakage current, critical electric field histogram, electron trapping rate, and charge to breakdown. Polyoxides with in situ doped polysilicon exhibit an unusual polarity asymmetry, i.e. higher field enhancement and charge to breakdown are observed when the upper electrode is biased negative. This is the opposite of the asymmetry reported for polyoxides before. High-temperature annealing of the polysilicon films prior to oxidation reduces this asymmetry. >
Conducting Drug Abuse Prevention Research in Partnership with Native American Communities: Meeting Challenges Through Collaborative Approaches

SUMMARY Many prior drug abuse studies conducted in Native American communities have been almost exclusively directed by researchers with little community input. This paper focuses on the challenges in conducting research in Native American communities and provides a multi-step model for developing, implementing, and evaluating drug abuse prevention programs in partnership with Native American communities. Key steps in the model include: building collaborative relationships with community members, developing interventions to fit local culture and norms, training indigenous staff to implement the program(s), and obtaining on-going feedback from participants using both qualitative and quantitative methods. A case study, the Native American Prevention Project Against AIDS and Substance Abuse (NAPPASA), serves to illustrate how integrating cultural and community input into the project can lead to empowerment of community members and successful program outcomes.
Reward Circuitry Function in Autism During Face Anticipation and Outcomes

The aim of this study was to investigate reward circuitry responses in autism during reward anticipation and outcomes for monetary and social rewards. During monetary anticipation, participants with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) showed hypoactivation in right nucleus accumbens and hyperactivation in right hippocampus, whereas during monetary outcomes, participants with ASDs showed hyperactivation in left midfrontal and anterior cingulate gyrus. Groups did not differ in nucleus accumbens responses to faces. The ASD group demonstrated hyperactivation in bilateral amygdala during face anticipation that predicted social symptom severity and in bilateral insular cortex during face outcomes. These results add to the growing body of evidence that autism is characterized by altered functioning of reward circuitry. Additionally, atypical amygdala activation during the processing of social rewards may contribute to the development or expression of autistic features.
Novel regulators revealed by profiling Drosophila testis stem cells within their niche

Stem cells are defined by the fact that they both self-renew, producing additional stem cells, and generate lineal descendants that differentiate into distinct functional cell types. In Drosophila, a small germline stem cell population is influenced by a complex microenvironment, the stem cell niche, which itself includes a somatic stem cell population. While stem cells are unique, their immediate descendants retain considerable stem cell character as they mitotically amplify prior to differentiation and can be induced to de-differentiate into stem cells. Despite their importance, very few genes are known that are expressed in the stem cells or their early amplifying daughters. We present here whole-genome microarray expression analysis of testes specifically enriched for stem cells, their amplifying daughters, and their niche. These studies have identified a number of loci with highly specific stem cell expression and provide candidate downstream targets of Jak/Stat self-renewal signaling. Furthermore, functional analysis for two genes predicted to be enriched has enabled us to define novel regulators of the germline lineage. The gene list generated in this study thus provides a potent resource for the investigation of stem cell identity and regulation from functional as well as evolutionary perspectives.
DIVORCE EDUCATION FOR PARENTS AND CHILDREN IN JACKSON COUNTY, MISSOURI

This article outlines the implementation of a children's component of a court-connected, mandatory divorce education program in Jackson County, Missouri. The efforts made to include significant stakeholders in the planning and implementation process are described. The curriculum for adults and children is summarized, and the structure and administration of the program are presented. Class provider recruitment and teacher qualifications are presented, as well as an overview of the initial responses to the children's classes. The difficulties and successes described may give direction to others considering the inclusion of children in mandatory divorce education classes.
Direct and interactive effects of parent, friend and schoolmate drinking on alcohol use trajectories

Objective: This study considered the unique and interactive roles of social norms from parents, friends and schools in predicting developmental trajectories of adolescent drinking and intoxication.Design and outcome measures: Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, which followed adolescents (N = 18,921) for 13 years, we used discrete mixture modelling to identify unique developmental trajectories of drinking and of intoxication. Next, multilevel multinomial regression models examined the role of alcohol-related social norms from parents, friends and schoolmates in the prediction of youths’ trajectory group membership.Results: Results demonstrated that social norms from parents, friends and schoolmates that were favourable towards alcohol use uniquely predicted drinking and intoxication trajectory group membership. Interactions between social norms revealed that schoolmate drinking played an important moderating role, frequently augmenting social norms from parents and friend...
Change, Changing, and Being Changed: A study of self in the throes of multiple accountability demands

Using the narrative inquiry research method, this self-study of my teacher education practices examines the influence of four simultaneous accountability reviews – a national accreditation review, a regional accreditation review, a university system review, and local campus review – on my personal experiences and identity within academia. The inquiry offers a public view of private practice, explores the hidden curriculum of the accountability phenomenon, reveals cover stories individually and collectively lived, and illuminates how my knowledge of accountability increased. Drawing on evidence excerpted from journal entries, work samples, historical documents and meeting notes, I reconstruct a series of changes concerning human subjects reviews, course syllabi requirements, student assignments, grading procedures and personal productivity. The self inquiry reveals individual and institutional compromises that were made to achieve acceptable measures of success as determined by external agencies. Most of a...
Robust solutions in stochastic linear programming

The recent developments in stochastic linear programming are reviewed here broadly in their applied aspects. They include non-parametric methods which are applicable in situations of incomplete knowledge and partial uncertainty. This framework is shown to be most suitable for developing robust optimal solutions. For instance, a class of non-parametric methods based on the minimax principle and the criteria of stochastic dominance is developed here to illustrate its wide scope of application. It is shown that this class of methods provides a measure of robustness through the adoption of a cautious policy. Some examples are discussed using the recent field of data envelopment analysis.
16 channel CAMAC multiplicity logic unit

Abstract A 16 channel CAMAC module has been designed and constructed for use with a scintillator hodoscope array. The module discriminates on signals from phototubes, sets a latch for any channel whose input exceeds a voltage threshold during the gate, and then calculates the multiplicity of the latchbits. A NIM output is stable within 40 ns after the end of the gate if the multiplicity of the latchbits is greater than, or equal to, a switch settable threshold value. The multiplicity calculation and comparison is dose with digital ECL logic. The latched data, the multiplicity threshold, the calculated multiplicity and the final output may be read out by CAMAC. The latched data, the OR of latched data, and the OR of the discriminated outputs are available as ECL and NIM outputs.
The problem of ontology alignment on the web: a first report

This paper presents a general architecture and four algorithms that use Natural Language Processing for automatic ontology matching. The proposed approach is purely instance based, i.e., only the instance documents associated with the nodes of ontologies are taken into account. The four algorithms have been evaluated using real world test data, taken from the Google and LookSmart online directories. The results show that NLP techniques applied to instance documents help the system achieve higher performance.
P‐70: Characterization Methods for LCD Devices with Crosstalk Issues

An approach is introduced for building accurate and compact color look-up tables (CLUTs) to describe the colorimetric performance of liquid crystal display (LCD) devices. In an experiment, a novel analysis technique was found to be useful in guiding the choice of samples used in the building of the CLUT. The experiment demonstrated that an 8×8×8 CLUT produced through the new sampling method delivered comparable results to an 18×18×18 made from a different sampling technique. The technique will allow for future automation of choosing optimal samples for building LCD CLUTs.
A Conservative Tradition? Arab Papers of the 12th–17th Centuries from the Islamic Manuscripts Collection at the University of Michigan

This paper presents the preliminary results of a survey of Arab papers appearing in dated and localized manuscripts within the Islamic Manuscripts Collection at the University of Michigan. In particular, a small selection of papers with chain lines grouped in threes carrying texts transcribed in 15th century Damascus have been examined, corresponding to the supposed decline of paper manufacture in Bilād al-Shām, following the rise in quality of Egyptian paper and the introduction of cheaper, higher quality European paper. With a particular interest in evidence for materials and techniques of manufacture, detailed analyses of fiber type, sizing agents and fillers have been conducted, and the results discussed in light of historical recipes and practical knowledge of contemporary methods. Based on the results from these analyses, recommendations for conservation are offered.
Screening for bipolar disorder among outpatients with substance use disorders.

Abstract Background Comorbidity of bipolar disorder and alcohol or substance abuse/dependence is frequent and has marked negative consequences on the course of the illness and treatment compliance. The objective of this study was to compare the validity of two short instruments aimed at screening bipolar disorders among patients treated for substance use disorders. Methods The Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ) and the Hypomania Checklist-32 (HCL-32) were tested with reference to the mood section of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID) in 152 patients, recruited in two outpatient clinics providing specialized treatment for alcohol and opiate dependence. Results According to the SCID, 33 patients (21.7%) had a diagnosis within the bipolar spectrum (two bipolar I, 21 bipolar II and 10 bipolar not otherwise specified). The HCL-32 was more sensitive (90.9% vs. 66.7%) and the MDQ more specific (38.7% vs. 77.3%) for the whole sample. The MDQ displayed higher sensitivity and specificity in patients treated for alcohol than for opiate dependence, whereas the HCL-32 was highly sensitive but poorly specific in both samples. Both instruments had a positive predictive value under 50%. Conclusions Caution is needed when using the MDQ and HCL-32 in patients treated for substance use disorders.
Sexually transmitted diseases: detection, differentiation, and treatment.

Sexually transmitted diseases brief (STDs) are very common in the young, athletic population. Many STDs cause no symptoms, but even when symptoms occur it can be difficult to distinguish between two different infections. Sexual history, current complaints, physical examination, and laboratory tests are all important in determining the cause. Pharmacologic treatment differs by disease, whether or not the patient is pregnant, and, in some conditions, on the stage of the disease. Prevention is as important as treatment, and all patients should be educated about prevention and the risks associated with sexual activity, especially HIV infection.
Ileal ulcers in a patient with Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Summary Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by a classic tetrad of nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura, arthritis, gastrointestinal, and renal involvement. The most common gastrointestinal complaint is abdominal pain. The characteristic endoscopic findings are ulcers seen in the second portion of the duodenum. We present the case of a 45-year-old man suffering from abdominal pain. Erythematous purpura over bilateral lower extremities and soreness of the joints developed 3 days before abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography showed an edematous change of the intestinal wall and the distal part of the ileum. A retrograde single balloon enteroscopy revealed several discrete ulcers and hyperemic mucosa in the distal ileum. The middle, proximal, and terminal ileum and ileocecal valve to the rectum were not affected. Under the impression of HSP, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and prednisolone were administered. We concluded that balloon-assisted enteroscopy is helpful for differential diagnosis of small bowel lesions in adult patients with HSP.
A THERMODYNAMIC APPROACH TO FIELD-INDUCED STRESSES IN ELECTRO- AND MAGNETOACTIVE COMPOSITES

An equilibrium thermodynamic approach is employed to derive a continuum-level expression for the field-induced stress in uniaxial anisotropic materials, such as electro- and magnetorheological suspensions. This model introduces new electro- and magnetostriction coefficients, which are material parameters that describe the strain dependence of the dielectric and permeability tensors as well as the field-induced stresses. An idealized microscopic model illustrates the relationships between microscopic parameters and the macroscopic magnetostriction coefficients. The model is used to determine the stresses in common applications; predictions from the continuum approach agree with direct calculations of the normal stress and static shear modulus of magnetorheological suspensions.
Acute limb ischemia due to Candida lusitaniae aortic valve endocarditis

We present a case of a 35-year-old male with history of intravenous heroin use, who presented with acute limb ischemia and was found to have Candida lusitaniae endocarditis. After an urgent intervention to salvage the right lower extremity, successful outcome of his infection was achieved by a combined surgical and antifungal treatment.
Functional dissection of circuitry in a neural integrator

In neural integrators, transient inputs are accumulated into persistent firing rates that are a neural correlate of short-term memory. Integrators often contain two opposing cell populations that increase and decrease sustained firing as a stored parameter value rises. A leading hypothesis for the mechanism of persistence is positive feedback through mutual inhibition between these opposing populations. We tested predictions of this hypothesis in the goldfish oculomotor velocity-to-position integrator by measuring the eye position and firing rates of one population, while pharmacologically silencing the opposing one. In complementary experiments, we measured responses in a partially silenced single population. Contrary to predictions, induced drifts in neural firing were limited to half of the oculomotor range. We built network models with synaptic-input thresholds to demonstrate a new hypothesis suggested by these data: mutual inhibition between the populations does not provide positive feedback in support of integration, but rather coordinates persistent activity intrinsic to each population.
Exploiting Incommensurate Symmetry Numbers: Rational Design and Assembly of M2M3′L6 Supramolecular Clusters with C3h Symmetry

Mixed-metal mesocates [M2 Pd3 Br6 L6 ]4- (M=TiIV , SnIV ; L=4-diphenylphosphanyl-catecholate) have been synthesized, in which the two incommensurate symmetry elements generated by the different metal ions are linked by a rigid, bifunctional ligand to generate a C3h -symmetrical cluster (see picture).
Catalpa as a cause of hay fever

Abstract 1.1. A case of hay fever from catalpa is reported. 2.2. Nine of 86 patients with spring hay fever who were tested had strong reactions to catalpa pollen extract. 3.3. This and other evidence is offered to point out the potential importance to the individual of flowering plants and trees as causes of hay fever.
Two improved promoter sequences for the β-lactamase expression arising from a single base-pair substitution

A mutation in the transposon Tn2660 derived from the plasmid R6K, and resulting in an approximate tenfold increase in penicillin resistance is shown to be a single GC to AT substitution 177 base pairs 'upstream' of the initiation codon of the structural beta-lactamase (bla) gene. This substitution leads to the transcription of two new mRNAs which can be ascribed to the creation of two new overlapping promoter sequences. All the sequences (450bp) examined in the wild-type Tn2660 are identical to those reported in Tn3.
The effect of methyl CCNU (NSC-95441) on the cellular kinetics of normal and leukemic murine tissues in vivo.

The effect of MeCCNU on the cellular kinetics of normal and leukemic murine tissues is examined in vivo. A prolongation in the S phase is noted after doses of MeCCNU as low as 4 mg/kg, and this prolongation persists for approximately 4 hr after the dose. No persistent alteration in the growth fraction is produced by MeCCNU. The generation time of the cells regrowing after MeCCNU is slightly prolonged, compared to normal L1210 leukemia. Simultaneous studies on ascites tumor, normal bone marrow, and normal gastrointestinal mucosa, using the in vivo uptake of 3H-thymidine into DNA, have shown a differential effect on the tumor and normal tissues.
Low-overhead circuit synthesis for temperature adaptation using dynamic voltage scheduling

Increasing power density causes die overheating due to limited cooling capacity of the package. Conventional thermal management techniques e.g. logic shutdown, clock gating, frequency scaling, simultaneous voltage-frequency tuning etc. increase the design complexity and/or degrade the performance significantly. In this paper, the authors propose a novel design technique, which makes a circuit amenable to temperature adaptation using dynamic voltage scheduling (DVS). It is accomplished by a synthesis technique that (a) isolates and predicts the set of paths that may become critical under variations, (b) ensures they are activated rarely, and (c) tolerates possible delay failures (at reduced voltage) in these paths by adaptive clock stretching. This allows us to schedule a lower supply voltage during increased temperature without requiring frequency tuning. Simulation results on an example pipeline show that proposed design yields similar temperature reduction as conventional design with only 11% performance penalty and 14% area overhead. The conventional pipeline design, on contrary, leads to 50% performance degradation due to reduced operating frequency
Randomized clinical trial of the benefit of laparoscopy with closure of loop ileostomy.

Background The aim was to compare reversal and laparoscopy with standard reversal of loop ileostomy in terms of hospital stay and morbidity in a randomized study. Methods Patients having reversal of a loop ileostomy were randomized to either standard reversal of ileostomy or reversal and laparoscopy. Strict discharge criteria were applied: toleration of two meals without nausea and vomiting, passing a bowel motion, and attaining adequate pain control with oral analgesia. Morbidity and cost were also compared between the two groups. Results A total of 74 patients (reversal and laparoscopy 40, standard reversal 34) with a median age of 61 years underwent loop ileostomy reversal; there were 45 men (61 per cent). Ileostomy was most commonly carried out after laparoscopic low anterior resection (36 patients). Median length of stay, based on discharge criteria, was significantly shorter in the reversal and laparoscopy group than in the standard group: 4 (interquartile range 3–4) versus 5 (4–6) days (P = 0·003). The overall morbidity rate was also lower in patients who had ileostomy reversal and laparoscopy: 10 versus 32 per cent (P = 0·023). The median cost per patient was lower in the reversal and laparoscopy group: €3450 (interquartile range 2766–3450) versus €4527 (3843–7263) (P = 0·015). There was no statistically significant difference in American Society of Anesthesiologists fitness grade or time to reversal between the two groups. Conclusion Reversal of loop ileostomy with laparoscopy was associated with a shorter hospital stay, lower morbidity and reduced cost compared with the standard technique. Registration number: ISRCTN46101203 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Primary Epitopes of Chicken Egg Yolk Antibodies to Peptidophosphogalactomannan

Egg yolks from hens immunized with peptidophosphogalactomannan (pPGalManii), which contains 10 phosphocholine diester residues and is secreted by Penicillium fellutanum, contain antibodies against 5-O-β-d-galactofuranosyl epitopes. These epitopes were the only significant determinants in pPGalManii. Approximately 60-fold less pPGalManii (1.6 μM galactofuran chains) was required for 50% inhibition than galactofurano-oligosaccharides or pPGalMan containing two galactofuranosyl residues per chain.