cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of spheroidal masses of buoyant fluid

It is shown how a simple property of the spherical vortex model can be used to investigate the dynamics of a buoyant, expanding thermal. No details of the vortex motion are required, only the fact that the flow round the buoyant region is potential. The main result is a demonstration that there is a relation between the two constants C and α arising in the dimensional analysis (where in the usual notation w = C (Δr) ½) and r = αz), which have up till now been measured separately and treated as independent. The analysis has been extended to spheroidal thermals by calculating the virtual mass for the appropriate outline, and it has also been generalized to include thermals in which the total buoyancy is increasing with time.Using these risults, and an earlier experimental verification that the mean angles of spread are nearly the same under various conditions of stability, it is suggested that the whole of the mean behaviour of a thermal can be calculated in two nearly independent steps. first, the density difference or Δ as a function of height may be calculated using purely kinematic equations of conservation. Secondly, the velocity is obtained from the local values of Δ and radius r, using a mean value of C, since this has now also been shown to vary little over a wide range of conditions.
Discontinuous and coupled continuous/discontinuous Galerkin methods for the shallow water equations

We consider the approximation of a simplified model of the depth-averaged two-dimensional shallow water equations by two approaches. In both approaches, a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is used to approximate the continuity equation. In the first approach, a continuous Galerkin method is used for the momentum equations. In the second approach a particular DG method, the nonsymmetric interior penalty Galerkin method, is used to approximate momentum. A priori error estimates are derived and numerical results are presented for both approaches.
Differential Susceptibility of Japanese Beetle, Oriental Beetle, and European Chafer (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Larvae to Five Soil Insecticides

Efficacy of bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, ethoprop, and isoJenphos was evaluated against last-instar larvae of European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky), Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and Oriental beetle, AnOmala orientalis Water­ house, by incorporating insecticides into soil at one-half New York State recommended rates in a laboratory bioassay. Mortality was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk. The experiment was repeated three times with white grubs collected at different times and from different locations in New York. White grub species differed significantly in their response to some of the insecticides; European chafer was generally least susceptible. Diazinon provided high mor­ tality of Oriental beetle and European chafer grubs but very low mortality of Japanese beetles. Isofenphos provided generally low mortality of all three grub species, although the levels of mortality varied among species. Ethoprop provided uniform mortality of all three grub species. Results of these studies indicate the need to develop species-specific insecticide recommendations for the white grub complex.
Ultrasound image-based absolute concentration measurement technique for materials with low scatterer concentration

Ultrasound-based concentration measurement of micron-scale particles has a wide range of potential applications. Ultrasound enables nondestructive analysis of the sample, which allows for large analysis volume resulting in lower measurement uncertainty. The proposed method measures the concentration of dilute monodispersed sample by estimating the volume of a B-mode ultrasound image. It requires that the image be acquired with a linearly-scanned high frequency disk transducer. The method relies on the radial symmetry of disk transducer to estimate the volume of the image by analyzing the spreading of individual scatterers. The proposed method produces consistent results compared to the hemocytometer method and achieves lower measurement uncertainty.
A Regulatory Domain in the N Terminus of Tryptophan Hydroxylase 2 Controls Enzyme Expression

Serotonin is involved in a variety of physiological processes in the central nervous system and the periphery. As the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase plays an important role in modulating these processes. Of the two variants of tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) is expressed predominantly in the central nervous system, whereas tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) is expressed mostly in peripheral tissues. Although the two enzymes share considerable sequence homology, the regulatory domain of TPH2 contains an additional 41 amino acids at the N terminus that TPH1 lacks. Here we show that the extended TPH2 N-terminal domain contains a unique sequence involved in the regulation of enzyme expression. When expressed in cultured mammalian cells, TPH2 is synthesized less efficiently and is also less stable than TPH1. Removal of the unique portion of the N terminus of TPH2 results in expression of the enzyme at a level similar to that of TPH1, whereas protein chimeras containing this fragment are expressed at lower levels than their wild-type counterparts. We identify a region centered on amino acids 10–20 that mediates the bulk of this effect. We also demonstrate that phosphorylation of serine 19, a protein kinase A consensus site located in this N-terminal domain, results in increased TPH2 stability and consequent increases in enzyme output in cell culture systems. Because this domain is unique to TPH2, these data provide evidence for selective regulation of brain serotonin synthesis.
8. The Frequency of Autoreducible Languages

This chapter asks the question how many languages in exponential time are autoreducible. We will study the problem within the framework of resourcebounded measure, as well as within the context of betting games, a notion which we will develop here and which provides an alternate to resourcebounded measure. Several approaches for separating BPP from EXP will come up. problem
Specular City: Transforming Culture, Consumption, and Space in Buenos Aires, 1955-1973

List of Illustrations Preface Acknowledgments Introduction: Urban Formations and Critical Scaffolding INTERRUPTION: The Spectacular City 1. Residual Voices and Emergent Practices: Reformulating Buenos Aires after Peron INTERSTICES: The Politics of Bricolage in Villas Miserias and Berni's Collages 2. High-Rise Apartments, Arcades, Cars, Hoteles de Cita, and the Public-Private Divide INTERLUDE: The Di Tella and the Manzana Loca 3. Circulating Desires: The Culture Industry and the Promotion of New Urban Subjectivities INTERSPERSION: Architecture on the Up and Out 4. Consuming Sex in the City: Censorship and the Dangers of Promiscuous Texts INTERVENTION: La hora de los hornos in the Advertising Age Epilogue Notes Selected Filmography Selected Bibliography Index
Organizational Crisis. Part II: Strategies and Responses

The ways organizations respond to crisis can be described in terms of the level of the individual-short, intermediate, and long term-and the level of the organization as a whole-also short, intermediate, and long range. Different kinds of response have disparate implications for organizational effectiveness and survival. Some of the most effective responses can be counterintuitive and are not especially likely to occur, e.g., decentralization in crisis situations. Based upon these considerations and empirical examples of them, several examples of both preventive and management action strategies are described as means to organizational survival and growth.
Data cache architecture of the superscalar by scheduling patterns

A novel data cache architecture for the out-of-order issue superscalar processor architecture is presented. The superscalar method is based on the scheduling patterns that describe predetermined out-of-order execution for four instructions stored in a programmable logic array. To exploit instruction-level parallelism, the authors propose an effective memory address conflict avoidance scheme for the data cache. The approach is to resolve alias resolution by hardware to maintain object code compatibility and also augment instruction-level parallelism. The performance of the proposed architecture on selected benchmark programs was simulated. >
A method for the demonstration of tissue antibody.

SummaryA direct slide agglutination technic is described for determining the presence of agglutinating antibody in air-dried films of tissues and cells. This method has proved to be of value in correlating the appearance of antibody with cytological changes occurring at the site of antibody production.
[Adjuvant treatment after radical prostatectomy in prostatic carcinoma (pT3 or pTxN+): prognostic factors and results].

Adjuvant therapy after radical prostatectomy should ideally be limited to those patients at greatest risk for cancer recurrence, but identification of these patients remains a challenge. The local control rate in a group of 7494 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for patients with pT2a disease of 76% is not different to pN+ disease of 80%. 95% of the pT3 patients were pN+ .90% of them received adjuvant treatment but only few patients with organ-confined cancer. A prognostic scoring system was created using the regression coefficients from the Cox multivariate model to classify patients with pathologically organ-confined prostate cancer according to risk of progression. Although tumor volume has traditionally been regarded as the most important prognostic factor in patients with localized prostate cancer, a recent multivariate analysis has shown that tumor volume is not an independent predictor. Moreover, accurate measurement of tumor volume is extremely difficult. Preoperative serum PSA levels, clinical stage, pathological grade and stage, and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ploidy were evaluated by multivariate analysis to determine relative value in predicting treatment failure. Patients with the lowest score had a 92% progression free survival rate at 5 years, compared to only 39% of those with the highest scores. Patients believed to be at higher risk for cancer progression despite having organ confined disease might be targeted for adjuvant therapy and closer surveillance, while those at low risk may be followed less often.
Health literacy in the eHealth era: A systematic review of the literature

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to identify studies on online health service use by people with limited health literacy, as the findings could provide insights into how health literacy has been, and should be, addressed in the eHealth era. Methods To identify the relevant literature published since 2010, we performed four rounds of selection—database selection, keyword search, screening of the titles and abstracts, and screening of full texts. This process produced a final of 74 publications. Results The themes addressed in the 74 publications fell into five categories: evaluation of health-related content, development and evaluation of eHealth services, development and evaluation of health literacy measurement tools, interventions to improve health literacy, and online health information seeking behavior. Conclusion Barriers to access to and use of online health information can result from the readability of content and poor usability of eHealth services. We need new health literacy screening tools to identify skills for adequate use of eHealth services. Mobile apps hold great potential for eHealth and mHealth services tailored to people with low health literacy. Practice implications Efforts should be made to make eHealth services easily accessible to low-literacy individuals and to enhance individual health literacy through educational programs.
Scattering from a small chiral radome of arbitrary shape

A simple moment method technique is used to compute the scattering cross section of a small chiral radome of arbitrary shape. Numerical results are presented for a spherical shell and a cube radome. The computed and exact results for the spherical shell are in good agreement.
The Benefits and Challenges of Special Education Positions in Rural Settings: Listening to the Teachers.

Special education teachers, through a national survey conducted in 55 rural districts, provided information on the positive and negative aspects of teaching in rural schools. The 203 special educators were asked what they liked best about their position and what they found challenging. Some of the themes identified in the analysis centered on positive features of working in rural areas. Characteristics of the rural community fostered family-like relationships with others in their school and in-depth relationships with parents and students. Half of the teachers also reported they shared the responsibility or took a team approach to delivering special education services, a factor related to teacher satisfaction. The majority of teachers were satisfied with the instructional aspects of their position but dissatisfied with non-instructional role responsibilities. Challenges of the position also included role confusion and a lack of resources. Related implications for rural administrators interested in the satisfaction of special education teachers are provided.
Individual and Organizational Human Rights Activism in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Kenya

This article examines the ways individual and organizational activists peacefully resisted government repression in recent decades in three sub-Saharan Africa countries. It is based on both archival research and more than 170 interviews by the author with key activists and others in the countries at various times from 2002–2012. This qualitative study makes several contributions to the literature. First, by including individual activism as well as organizational activism, it reveals wider and more varied participation in human rights activism than is normally detected. Second, where the usual focus in resistance studies is on mass movements, this study presents a more complex mosaic of resistance efforts that at times involved a mass campaign but at other times involved small ones as well as individual acts of resistance. Third, building on previous studies, it helps fill a gap in the more static social movement literature by explaining how resistance movements actually start. Fourth, it documents how hum...
Evaluating Spatial Resolution and Channel Capacity of Sparse Cylindrical Arrays for Massive MIMO

How to design antenna arrays plays an important role in wireless communications, especially when there are hundreds of antennas. In massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO), if the number of antennas and RF chains are increasing, the channel capacity and transmission efficiency could be obviously improved as well. Since in massive MIMO, antennas at the base station (BS) usually scale up greater than 100, the complexity and hardware requirement of the system are also increased. Many studies about massive MIMO are focused on the analysis of channel capacity, precoding, and so on, and very few are about the sparse antenna array deployment. Based on the sparse linear array structures as indicated by previous studies, three new arrays, namely co-prime cylindrical array (CCA), nested cylindrical array (NCA), and sparse nested cylindrical array (SNCA), are proposed, which are based on co-prime linear array, nested linear array, and sparse circular array, respectively. Compared with the traditional uniform cylindrical array (UCA), the proposed arrays vastly reduce the number of antennas used at the BS. In addition, the performance of spatial resolution and channel capacity of CCA, NCA, and SNCA are discussed in detail. The results show that our proposed sparse cylindrical arrays can obtain a higher resolution with much fewer antennas. Besides, the uplink channel capacity of all the three sparse cylindrical arrays is larger than the UCA with the same number of antennas at the BS.
The challenges of Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment in older patients

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a tailored endovesical immunotherapy protocol with biweekly BCG for elderly Patients with high risk non muscle invasive bladder cancer (HG-NMIBC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively evaluated data from 200 patients older than 80 years newly diagnosed with HG-NMIBC: 100 (group 1) with multiple comorbidities (WHO PS 2–3, ASA score ≥3, Charlson Comorbidity index ≥3, GFR Results No statistically significant differences were found in terms of initial response to BCG (69% in Group 1 vs 71% in Group 2, P = 0.75), cancer free survival (57% vs 55% respectively, P = 0.77) and rate of progression (20% vs 14% respectively, P = 0.26) at 2 years. The difference in the rate of overall complications was statistically significant (15% in Group 1 vs 27% in Group 2, P = 0.03), in the rate of severe complications was not statistically significant (5% in Group 1 vs 7% in Group 2, P = 0.61). Conclusion A tailored regimen of BCG administration is possible and safe in frail elderly patients, limiting side effects and risk of undertreatment but maintaining oncological outcomes. Preliminary results in a small patients group are promising but larger randomized studies are needed to confirm our data.
Filial Responsibilities, Familism, and Depressive Symptoms Among Latino Young Adults:

The current study examined the relations among engagement in and perceived fairness of filial responsibilities on Latino young adults’ depressive symptoms and the moderating role of familism. A sam...
VIRUS: the instrument infrastructure to support the deployment and upkeep of 156 spectrographs at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope

The Visible Integral-field Replicable Unit Spectrograph (VIRUS) consists of 156 identical spectrographs fed by 35,000 fibers from the upgraded 10-meter Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). VIRUS is in a phased deployment. At the submission of this paper, over half of the units are installed and the full support infrastructure is operational. This paper will describe the VIRUS infrastructure which includes the physical support system, the air cooling, the cryogenic cooling, and the temperature control of VIRUS. The paper will also discuss the various installation, maintenance, and operational procedures based on growing experience with the VIRUS array.
The Electrodynamics of Point Charges

It is widely recognized that the current theory of the electrodynamics of point charges with nonzero mass (point electrodynamics for short) contains many difficulties. In this chapter we shall describe the most widely accepted version of this theory and discuss some of the problems with it.
Abstract 1924: Role of CXCL16 and ADAM10 in ovarian cancer pathogenesis

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. The five-year survival rate of ovarian cancer ranges from 30 to 92%, depending on the severity of the disease. Our laboratory has shown the role of chemokines and chemokines receptors in cancer, including ovarian cancer. In this study, we have shown higher expression of CXCR6, which is the only receptor of chemokine CXCL16, in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical samples. We have tested the biological significance of CXCR6 and soluble CXCL16 (sCXCL16) using ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro. We show higher migratory and invasive potential of high CXCR6 expressing ovarian cancer cell lines in the response of sCXCL16. Migratory and invasive potential in response to sCXCL16 was significantly inhibited when CXCR6 and CXCL16 interaction was blocked using anti-CXCR6 monoclonal antibody. ADAM10 basal mRNA level was higher in cells with high migratory and invasive potential. Similar to cell lines, higher expression of CXCR6 and CXCL16, as well as ADAM10, was observed in tissue, which showed a positive correlation with tumor stage. These results suggest the clinical and biological significance of CXCR6-CXCL16 axis in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Therefore, therapeutics directed to the CXCR6-CXCL16 axis may provide better therapeutic outcome and overall survival. Citation Format: Hina Mir, Neeraj Kapur, James W. Lillard, Shailesh Singh. Role of CXCL16 and ADAM10 in ovarian cancer pathogenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1924.
Violence in the Health Care Setting: What Can We Do?

n July 2017, Dr. Todd Graham was fatally shot by his patient's husband when Dr. Graham denied his patient's request for opioids. This case highlights that, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, health care professions are one of the most dangerous industries of employment in the United States.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Increased Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States.

BACKGROUND Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) decreases HIV transmission. Some studies have raised concerns about a potential association between the implementation of HIV PrEP and the growing incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. METHODS We conducted a quasi-experimental (interrupted time series) analysis of STI (syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia) rates before (2000-2012) and after (2013-2017) the implementation of HIV PrEP. We also performed correlations between HIV PrEP utilization and STI cases at the national (2012-2017) and state (2017) levels. We defined HIV PrEP utilization as the number of people taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for HIV prevention. RESULTS HIV PrEP implementation was associated with 25% (relative risk [RR] 1.254, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.245-1.263; P < .001) and 26% (RR 1.260, 95% CI 1.257-1.264; P < .001) increases in syphilis and gonorrhea rates, respectively, and a 12% reduction in chlamydia rates (RR: 0.884, 95% CI 0.883-0.885; P < .001). HIV PrEP utilization was correlated with the numbers of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia cases (spearman coefficients 1.00, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively; P < .001, P < .01, and P < .01, respectively). At the state level, HIV PrEP was also correlated with the number of cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia (spearman coefficients 0.85, 0.81, and 0.85, respectively; Ps < .001 for all correlations). CONCLUSIONS The implementation and utilization of HIV PrEP in the United States were associated with increased rates of STIs. Further studies to confirm these associations and to elucidate potential causes are needed.
Fighting Injustice: A Historical Review of the National Chiropractic Antitrust Committee.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this article is to provide a historical summary of the National Chiropractic Antitrust Committee (NCAC), a nonprofit organization that provided needed support for the Wilk et al v American Medical Association et al lawsuit, considered to be one of the most important legal cases in the history of the chiropractic profession. Methods We reviewed journal articles, court documents, texts, interviews, and primary historical documents and created a chronology of events that was then synthesized into a factual account of the NCAC. Results The primary function of the NCAC was to raise money to support legal steps necessary against actions of the nature of boycott, restraint of trade, or any acts deemed unlawful against the chiropractic profession. The NCAC eventually supported the Wilk et al v American Medical Association et al lawsuit, which ran from 1976 to 1990, consumed tremendous financial resources, and required significant efforts to raise funds from the chiropractic profession. The NCAC was also responsible for managing the distribution of reparations. Formed in 1975 and terminated after the trials, the NCAC played a vital role in supporting the trials and the post-trial distribution of funds for research. Conclusion The NCAC was successful in its mission to raise funds to support the 2 trials of the Wilk et al v AMA et al lawsuit, multiple appeals, and post-trial distribution of funds donated by the plaintiffs to support charity work for children and chiropractic research. Without the dedication of the NCAC staff and goodwill of the NCAC officers, it is likely that none of these benefits to the chiropractic profession would have been realized.
Caspase-1 interdomain linker cleavage is required for pyroptosis

Pathogen-related signals induce a number of cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to form canonical inflammasomes, which activate pro-caspase-1 and trigger pyroptotic cell death. All well-studied inflammasome-forming PRRs oligomerize with the adapter protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) to generate a large structure in the cytosol, which induces the dimerization, autoproteolysis, and activation of the pro-caspase-1 zymogen. However, several PRRs can also directly interact with pro-caspase-1 without ASC, forming smaller “ASC-independent” inflammasomes. It is currently thought that little, if any, pro-caspase-1 autoproteolysis occurs during, and is not required for, ASC-independent inflammasome signaling. Here, we show that the related human PRRs NLRP1 and CARD8 exclusively form ASC-dependent and ASC-independent inflammasomes, respectively, identifying CARD8 as the first canonical inflammasome-forming PRR that does not form an ASC-containing signaling platform. Despite their different structures, we discovered that both the NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasomes require pro-caspase-1 autoproteolysis between the small and large catalytic subunits to induce pyroptosis. Thus, pro-caspase-1 self-cleavage is a required regulatory step for pyroptosis induced by human canonical inflammasomes.
P676 Azithromycin resistance among neisseria gonorrhoeae cases in king county, washington, USA, 2017–2018

Background Public Health – Seattle & King County (PHSKC) participates in Strengthening the U.S. Response to Resistant Gonorrhea (SURRG), funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, to enhance surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC). We aimed to identify predictors of azithromycin-resistant GC. Methods GC culture specimens were collected from patients with GC infection who attended the PHSKC STD Clinic or one of five King County, Washington, medical clinics during 2017–2018. Positive culture isolates underwent azithromycin susceptibility testing with Etest; azithromycin resistance (AZI-R) was defined as minimum inhibitory concentration ≥2.0 µg/mL. Clinical and sociobehavioral data was obtained from medical records and partner services interviews; we compared characteristics of cases with and without AZI-R and evaluated statistical significance with chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results During 2017–2018, 1,164 GC isolates from 1,048 unique cases underwent azithromycin Etest susceptibility testing. Overall, 6.5% of isolates and 6.8% of cases had AZI-R. Prevalence was higher in rectal isolates (8.3% of 373) than urethral (5.0% of 496, p=0.05) and similar to pharyngeal (7.4% of 270, p=0.68). AZI-R was more common in men who have sex with men (MSM) than heterosexuals (8% vs 3%, p=0.04), and in Hispanics vs. non-Hispanics (12% vs 6%, p Conclusion AZI-R was identified in 6.8% of GC cases in King County, Washington. While more common in MSM and Hispanic persons, AZI-R was not strongly associated with other characteristics we evaluated. Health care providers should be aware of the potential for AZI-R in patients with GC. Disclosure No significant relationships.
Predictive Probability Path Planning Model For Dynamic Environments.

Path planning in dynamic environments is essential to high-risk applications such as unmanned aerial vehicles, self-driving cars, and autonomous underwater vehicles. In this paper, we generate collision-free trajectories for a robot within any given environment with temporal and spatial uncertainties caused due to randomly moving obstacles. We use two Poisson distributions to model the movements of obstacles across the generated trajectory of a robot in both space and time to determine the probability of collision with an obstacle. Measures are taken to avoid an obstacle by intelligently manipulating the speed of the robot at space-time intervals where a larger number of obstacles intersect the trajectory of the robot. Our method potentially reduces the use of computationally expensive collision detection libraries. Based on our experiments, there has been a significant improvement over existing methods in terms of safety, accuracy, execution time and computational cost. Our results show a high level of accuracy between the predicted and actual number of collisions with moving obstacles.
A review: Novel trends in hulled wheat processing for value addition

Abstract Background Hulled wheat species have gained increasing attention since several studies have suggested that they could present a healthier and a better nutritional profile than modern wheat. Therefore, hulled wheat species are of interest for producing health beneficial food products and also, they can be found as whole grain products. Scope and approach To gain the promising health benefits of ancient wheat, it is important to develop novel formulations and enhance the utilization of these wheat species. Review of the feasibility of producing novel hulled wheat products and discussion of the perspectives of the hulled wheat cultivation and processing which will aid in developing the future of the hulled wheat market. This review summarizes the processing of ancient wheat species, providing a summary of the studies that have thus far been published and sections are broken down into different products such as pan bread, specialty bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, and other baked goods, and beverages. Key findings and conclusions In conclusion, the rediscovery of ancient wheat species offer new opportunities for farmers, millers, and bakers to produce specialty products that are associated with numerous health benefits. However, research efforts are essential to screen and assess ancient wheat species for breeding and processing to produce products with excellent nutritional and sensory properties.
Evaluating cereal rye and crimson clover for weed suppression within buffer areas in dicamba-resistant soybean

As herbicide-resistant weeds become more problematic, producers will consider the use of cover crops to suppress weeds. Weed suppression from cover crops may occur especially in the label-mandated buffer areas of dicamba-resistant soybean where dicamba use is not allowed. Three cover crops terminated at three timings with three herbicide strategies were evaluated for their effect on weed suppression in dicamba-resistant soybean. Delaying termination until soybean planting or after and using cereal rye or cereal rye + crimson clover increased cover-crop biomass by at least 40% compared to terminating early or using a crimson clover–only cover crop. Densities of problematic weed species were evaluated in early summer before a blanket POST application. Plots with cereal rye had 75% less horseweed compared to crimson clover at two of four site-years. Cereal rye or the mixed cover crop terminated at or after soybean planting reduced waterhemp densities by 87% compared to early termination timings of crimson clover and the earliest termination timing of the mix at one of two site-years. Cover crops were not as effective in reducing waterhemp densities as they were in reducing horseweed densities. This difference was due to a divergence in emergence patterns; waterhemp emergence generally peaks after termination of the cover crop, whereas horseweed emergence coincides with establishment and rapid vegetative growth of cereal rye. Cover crops alone were generally not as effective as was using a high-biomass cover crop combined with an herbicide strategy that contained dicamba and residual herbicides. However, within label-mandated buffer areas where dicamba cannot be used, a cover crop containing cereal rye with delayed termination until soybean planting combined with residual herbicides could be used to improve suppression of horseweed and waterhemp. Nomenclature: Dicamba; horseweed; Conyza canadensis L. Cronquist; waterhemp; Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer; cereal rye; Secale cereal L.; crimson clover; Trifolium incarnatum L.; soybean; Glycine max (L.) Merr.
Arachnoid cysts: using prenatal imaging and need for pediatric neurosurgical intervention to better understand their natural history and prognosis.

Intracranial arachnoid cysts are commonly characterized as congenital. Evidence to support a congenital origin is scant and documented evolution during infancy also calls into question the genesis ...
Wave-Induced Erosion of Soil Embankment in Laboratory Flume

AbstractIrrigation reservoirs are widely used in parts of the Mississippi River alluvial floodplain to supplement limited groundwater resources. Constructed using local soils that are often low in ...
Kidney Function after Treatment for Childhood Cancer: A Report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

Background Survivors of childhood cancer may be at increased risk for treatment-related kidney dysfunction. Although associations with acute kidney toxicity are well described, evidence informing late kidney sequelae is less robust. Methods To define the prevalence of and risk factors for impaired kidney function among adult survivors of childhood cancer who had been diagnosed ≥10 years earlier, we evaluated kidney function (eGFR and proteinuria). We abstracted information from medical records about exposure to chemotherapeutic agents, surgery, and radiation treatment and evaluated the latter as the percentage of the total kidney volume treated with ≥5 Gy (V5), ≥10 Gy (V10), ≥15 Gy (V15), and ≥20 Gy (V20). We also used multivariable logistic regression models to assess demographic and clinical factors associated with impaired kidney function and Elastic Net to perform model selection for outcomes of kidney function. Results Of the 2753 survivors, 51.3% were men, and 82.5% were non-Hispanic White. Median age at diagnosis was 7.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3.3-13.2), and mean age was 31.4 years (IQR, 25.8-37.8) at evaluation. Time from diagnosis was 23.2 years (IQR, 17.6-29.7). Approximately 2.1% had stages 3-5 CKD. Older age at evaluation; grade ≥2 hypertension; increasing cumulative dose of ifosfamide, cisplatin, or carboplatin; treatment ever with a calcineurin inhibitor; and volume of kidney irradiated to ≥5 or ≥10 Gy increased the odds for stages 3-5 CKD. Nephrectomy was significantly associated with stages 3-5 CKD in models for V15 or V20. Conclusions We found that 2.1% of our cohort of childhood cancer survivors had stages 3-5 CKD. These data may inform screening guidelines and new protocol development.
Multi-physics evaluation of carbonate-rich source rocks from high-resolution images

In unconventional reservoirs, the pore space is hosted by a heterogeneous matrix with various minerals and organic components. This heterogeneity complicates petrophysical interpretation during hydrocarbon exploration. A digital rock physics study of thermal and electrical conductivity was conducted using high-resolution focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy images of carbonate-rich source rocks. Finite-volume simulation results are discussed in context of the sample heterogeneity and anisotropy and supported by comparisons to empirical equations and effective medium theory. The results show how the presence of organic matter, pyrite, and pore constrictions impacts application of empirical equations and simplified models to unconventional reservoirs.
Implications of extended heterogeneous electron transfer: Part I. Coupling of semi-infinite linear diffusion and heterogeneous electron transfer with a decaying exponential dependence upon distance from the outer Helmholtz plane

Abstract For a simple redox couple, the presumption is made that heterogeneous electron transfer can occur over some distance, x , from the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) with a probability: k s, x , E = k f, x , E + k b, x , E = k s,0, E exp[− x /δ] The implications of this extended heterogeneous electron transfer (EHET) coupled to semi-infinite linear diffusion are analyzed. For a controlled potential perturbation from equilibrium, Δ E eq , the system response is characterized by the variables k *= k s,0, E δ 2 / D (where D = the diffusion coefficient of species A and B) and t q *= Dt /δ 2 . The net effect of EHET is to establish electrochemical equilibrium over a region, Δ x , adjacent to the OHP (classical heterogeneous electron transfer establishes the equilibrium only at the OHP). When k * k * 2 t * q k * > 1 and t * q > 100 the entire concentration perturbation is shifted away from the OHP by Δ x where Δ x =δ(1+ln[ k *]). The result of this shift is the addition of a capacitive component, C EHET = e Δ c eq Δ x /Δ E eq , to the double layer capacity, C d1 , where Δ c eq is the maximum change in the concentration of A or B at or near the OHP. For a given set of experimental conditions (i.e., fixed Δ E eq , [B] eq /[A] eq ) a plot of the measured total capacitance, C T (= C EHET + C d1 ), vs. c b (=[A] eq +[B] eq ) is shown to be linear with intercept C d1 . When k * > 1 (a prerequisite for the observation of the effects of EHET) practical considerations of electrochemical methodology and of possible values for k s,0, E , δ, and D , suggest that the effects of EHET may be experimentally observed when: (1) c b > 10 −4 mol cm −3 thereby effecting C EHET ∼ C d1 ; and (2) D −10 cm 2 s −1 thereby increasing the probability that k * > 1 and facilitating the (experimental) separation of diffusive and capacitive current (or charge) components.
The ecological, chemical and histopathological evaluation of an oil spill site

Abstract The oil from the March 1971 spill in Long Cove, Searsport, Maine, was identified with the aid of adjacent shoreline tank farm samples to be No. 2 fuel oil mixed with JP5 jet fuel. Sediment samples obtained from animal collection sites were analyzed by gas chromatographic procedures and were found to contain significant quantities of petroleum hydrocarbons.
Arp102B: An ADAF and a Torus ?

Arp102B is a nearby radio galaxy which displays the presence of double peaked Balmer emission lines. Sub-arcsec Keck mid-infrared imaging and Spitzer spectroscopy reveal a spatially compact mid-infrared source which displays tentative evidence for variability. The F$_{\nu}\propto\nu^{-1.2}$ spectral energy distribution is suggestive of an advection dominated accretion flow. The absence of dust features over the 5-40 micron range make it unlikely that thermal dust emission dominates the mid-infrared luminosity. We also detect the presence of molecular hydrogen in emission which is asymmetrically redshifted by ~500-1000 km/s from the systemic velocity of the galaxy. Since the forbidden, low ionization lines in this galaxy are at the systemic velocity, we suggest that the molecular hydrogen emission arises from a rotating molecular gas structure surrounding the nuclear black hole at a distance of ~1 pc.
3 Some Pyrimidines of Biological and Medicinal Interest—Part III

Publisher Summary This chapter lists some pyrimidines of biological and medicinal interest, including 5-hydroxypy rimidines, barbituric acid and its derivatives, aminohydroxypyrimidines, pyrimidine amino acids, and nitro and nitrosopyrimidines. The chapter also discusses pyrimidines containing biological alkylating functions. A large number of derivatives of the original nitrogen mustard and other biological akylating agents, such as ethylenimines and epoxides have been prepared as potential anticancer agents. The chapter further explains that the alkylating agents consist of a carrier and the alkylating group, and that differences in selectivity of action upon the tumour, or ability to reach the site of desired action, with minimum damage to the host, are dependent upon the carrier. The chapter also reviews that some pyrimidines containing two ethylenimine functions have also been found to possess anticancer activity. 2, 4-Bis (aziridinyl)-6-chloropyrimidine (CV, ethymidine, etimidin) significantly inhibits growth of many transplantable mouse and rat tumours.
Immunological Activation of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils for Fungal Killing: Studies with Murine Cells and Blastomyces dermatitidis In Vitro,

The interaction of elicited murine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) and the thermally dimorphic fungal pathogen Blastomyces dermatitidis in vitro was studied. The PMN elicited intraperitoneally with thioglycollate, in normal mice or mice immune to B dermatitidis, failed to reduce colony forming units (CFU) of B dermatitidis in the inoculum in a 4-hr in vitro assay, even in the presence of 10% fresh immune serum. In contrast, PMN elicited intraperitoneally in immune mice by injection of nonviable B dermatitidis cells significantly reduced inoculum CFU (60 +/- 5%) under the same conditions. Furthermore, nonviable B dermatitidis intraperitoneally (i.p.) in normal mice or nonviable Candida albicans i.p. in immune mice failed to elicit peritoneal exudate cells that reduced inoculum CFU in this system. These results support the concept that PMN, elicited in a site by means of an immunological reaction, acquired enhanced microbicidal activity. The fungicidal activity of immunologically elicited PMN was shown to be most effective at high effector to target cell ratios (1,000:1), maximal within 2 hr of coculture, and significantly enhanced in the presence of fresh immune serum compared to heat-inactivated immune serum, normal mouse serum, or fetal bovine serum. Such PMN also had significantly enhanced fungicidal activity against C albicans compared to normal PMN. Fungicidal activity was abrogated in the presence of catalase, implicating hydrogen peroxide generation as the killing mechanism in the activated cells.
Multiport modeling of force and displacement in elastic transmissions for underactuated hands

An approach to construct an elastic transmission mechanism for a compliant underactuated robotic hand from the interconnection of smaller compliant mechanisms is proposed, and a mathematical model for the interaction between multiple actuators and multiple digits is developed. It is proven that any interconnection of compliant objects results in an elastic transmission element that has a positive definite stiffness matrix, which indicates that small perturbations to tendon excursion will yield a stable grasp. The branch and cable circuit connections of two-port modeled digits in a simple grasping mechanism are analyzed mathematically. I. INTRODUCTION
Decisions to Abate Life-Sustaining Treatment for Nonautonomous Patients: Ethical Standards and Legal Liability for Physicians After Cruzan

PHYSICIANS often feel impelled to initiate and continue the complete range of modern medical procedures to prolong the lives of critically ill patients. A tragic consequence is that patients who lack decision-making capacity are sometimes given life-sustaining treatment that is not consistent with the patients' previous preferences, not in the patients' best interests, and not wanted by their families. Why are such cases sometimes handled this way? The reasons are multiple. First, cases involving adult patients who lack decision-making capacity often have medical and nonmedical uncertainties not commonly present in other cases. Some of the uncertainty concerns the questionable decision-making status of patients who have a diminished or fluctuating capacity to make health care decisions because of shock, mental illness, clinical depression, or organic brain syndrome. Other problems arise in cases with patients who have a substantial incapacity to make decisions because of mental retardation, brain damage, severe dementia, or
Using Flow Cytometry to Compare the Dynamics of Photoreceptor Outer Segment Phagocytosis in iPS-Derived RPE Cells

PURPOSE. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) autologous grafts can be readily derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. It is critical to stringently characterize iPS-RPE using standardized and quantifiable methods to be confident that they are safe and adequate replacements for diseased RPE before utilizing them in clinical settings. One important and required function is that the iPS-RPE phagocytose photoreceptor outer segments (POS). METHODS. We developed a flow cytometry-based assay to monitor binding and internalization of FITC labeled POS by ARPE-19, human fetal RPE (hfRPE), and two types of iPS-RPE. Expression and density of avb5 integrin, CD36, and MerTK receptors, which are required for phagocytosis, were compared. RESULTS. Trypsinization of treated RPE cells results in the release of bound POS. The number of freed POS, the percentage of cells that internalized POS, the brightness of the FITC signal from the cells, and the surface density of the phagocytosis receptors on single RPE cells were measured using flow cytometry. These assays reveal that receptor density is dynamic during differentiation and this can affect the binding and internalization dynamics of the RPE cells. Highly differentiated iPS-RPE phagocytose POS more efficiently than hfRPE. CONCLUSIONS. Caution should be exercised to not use RPE grafts until demonstrating that they are fully functional. The density of the phagocytosis receptors is dynamic and may be used as a predictor for how well the iPS-RPE cells will function in vivo. The phagocytosis dynamics observed between iPS-RPE and primary RPE is very encouraging and adds to mounting evidence that iPS-RPE may be a viable replacement for dysfunctional or dying RPE in human patients. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:6282‐6290) DOI:10.1167/ iovs.12-9721
Corrigendum to “Histone deacetylase 3 is required for maintenance of bone mass during aging” [Bone 52 (2013) 296–307]

The NIAMS and NIDCR supported this work (R01 AR048147, R01 DE020194, T32 AR056950, F32 AR60140, F32 AR61873). The authors thank David Razidlo and Bridget Stensgard for mouse colony maintenance, the Mayo Clinic Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship program for funding, and the Mayo Clinic Biomaterials and Quantitative Histomorphometry Core Laboratory for assistance with histological specimen preparation.
The effects of pulsed, high-frequency radio waves on the rate of osteogenesis in the healing of extraction wounds in dogs.

Abstract From the present study it would appear that the healing of extraction wounds in the socket fundus area is accelerated in dogs treated with pulsed, high-frequency radio waves, with the most distinguishable results in 14-day-old wounds. Multifactor analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences in the amount of labeled bone between different age groups of control and experimental animals (Table III). However, no significant differences in the amount of labeled bone between alveolar crest area and socket fundus area were noted.
Constructal-theory network of conducting paths for cooling a heat generating volume

Abstract This paper develops a solution to the fundamental problem of how to collect and ‘channel’ to one point the heat generated volumetrically in a low conductivity volume of given size. The amount of high conductivity material that is available for building channels (high conductivity paths) through the volume is fixed. The total heat generation rate is also fixed. The solution is obtained as a sequence of optimization and organization steps. The sequence has a definite time direction, it begins with the smallest building block (elemental system) and proceeds toward larger building blocks (assemblies). Optimized in each assembly are the shape of the assembly and the width of the newest high conductivity path. It is shown that the paths form a tree-like network, in which every single geometric detail is determined theoretically. Furthermore, the tree network cannot be determined theoretically when the time direction is reversed, from large elements toward smaller elements. It is also shown that the present theory has far reaching implications in physics, biology and mathematics.