cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The coding sequences of mouse H2A and H3 histone genes contains a conserved seven nucleotide element that interacts with nuclear factors and is necessary for normal expression

Abstract Expression of replication-dependent histone genes of all classes is up-regulated coordinately at the onset of DNA synthesis. The cellular signals involved in coordinate regulation of these genes are not known. Here we report identification of an alpha element, present within the mouse histone coding region activating sequence (CRAS). We show evidence that this element is present in histone genes from two classes, H2a and H3, in the mouse. This element has two biological functions in histone gene expression, i.e. the element interacts with nuclear proteins in regulation of gene expression, as well as encoding the amino acids of the histone proteins. We present both in vivo and in vitro evidence that interaction of nuclear proteins with this element is required for normal expression. The binding site for nuclear protein(s) has been precisely defined by means of synthetic oligonucleotides, as well as DNase I protection and methylation interference. It is interesting to note that the histone CRAS alpha element is mutated in a replication-independent H3.3 gene; 5 of 7 nt in the CRAS alpha box are changed in this gene.
Multiple resources and brain laterality.

Abstract : Two studies were completed to test the multiple resources model of information processing using tachistoscopic lateralized-input techniques. In Exp. 1 37 normal, dextral subjects, 18 men aged 18-21yr. and 19 women 18-21yr. responded manually to a visuo-spatial and verbal dual-task presented simultaneously to left and right brain or non-laterally. Both men and women tended to have superior performance with coherent lateral input. However, differences in task difficulty and the possibility of a left to right scanning advantage with lateral input made interpretation of the data tenuous. In the second experiment the difficulty of the two tasks were made more equal and a third viewing condition, having noncoherent lateral input, was included. Twenty normal, dextral subjects 10 men aged 18-21yr, and 10 women 19-21yr. were tested under all three viewing conditions. Both men and women had superior performance with coherent lateral input compared to the other two viewing condition. The results were viewed as supporting the notion that each hemisphere has separate and unique pools of resources, that the resources of one or both hemispheres may be functional in processing a given task, and that in dual-task situations the brain operates most efficiently accurately with direct access of appropriate tasks to each hemisphere. (Author)
Cadaver treasure hunt: introducing geriatrics concepts in the anatomy class.

The objective of this study was to develop an educational program introducing geriatrics to medical students during anatomy. Observational study of an educational intervention in medical school was the design utilized. First-year medical students in an anatomy laboratory were participants. The program consists of a lecture and a workshop. First, a geriatrics lecture early in the course presents demographic data on the cadavers, followed by comparison with national data on leading causes of death. Second, there is a �treasure hunt� in the anatomy laboratory conducted by geriatricians. Each geriatrician spends 45 minutes with one-four-student cadaver group at a time, reviewing anatomical findings and facilitating a discussion of clinical correlations and implications. A list of common anatomical findings, aging- and disease-related, is distributed to the students as an aid in identifying findings of interest. Students have been surprised to learn that the mean age of the 24 cadavers exceeded 80 years (mean 81, median 85 for 2 years), and that causes of death mirrored national data. The students begin understanding aging and appreciate the valuable resource of cadavers. The students acquire a new holistic perspective regarding their cadavers that is not apparent during the dissections. Students and faculty find the experience valuable in understanding the interplay of disease and aging. Evaluations have been mostly positive (82�87% positive responses). The anatomy lecture and �treasure hunt� experience are unique strategies for using cadavers to introduce geriatrics principles into the medical school.
Stresses in a laminated composite with two elliptical holes

Abstract The problem of stresses in a laminated composite containing two identical elliptical holes is solved by the method of stress functions in terms of complex variables. New stress functions are formed through the use of the results for a single hole with proper modification due to the effect of the second hole. Maclaurin series expansion is used. A parametric study is carried out in order to observe the stress variation due to a change of the distance between the two holes, the size of the hole, as well as the laminate characteristics. Results indicate that the amount of variation depends upon the direction of the loading, horizontal or vertical, the geometry, and the degree of orthotropy. From the cases studied here, the effect of the second hole may be ignored for engineering purposes if the distance between the hole centers is no less than six times that of the length of the semi-major axis of the elliptical hole.
Systemic effects of oral use of chlorhexidine gel in multihandicapped epileptic children.

— The purpose of this double-blind study was to evaluate the effect on medical parameters after the daily use of chlorhexidine gel on multihandicapped epileptic children over a 2-month period. Although certain abnormalities in hematologic and biochemical blood tests were recorded both prior to and after treatment, the prevalence of abnormalities was similar in the chlorhexidine and control groups, even though the patients in the study constituted a high risk group.
Characterization of polymeric nonwovens using porosimetry, porometry and X-ray computed tomography

Abstract Removal of particles from gas and liquid streams is becoming increasingly important as a drive toward greater sustainability, the promise of resources recovery, and the regulatory environment create economic incentives to control water and air emissions. Membranes, and more specifically nonwovens, are commonly used for this purpose. Performance of nonwovens as filters is dependent on their pore structure (i.e. pore diameter, constricted pore size, and porosity). However, the characterization tools available for determining these structural metrics are underdeveloped for soft materials. In this study, several methods for evaluating pore size, pore diameter distribution, and porosity using polymeric nonwovens are investigated. Using both commercial polyester (PET) nonwovens and electrospun nanofibers, pore diameter distributions of nonwovens have been determined using two porosimetry techniques: mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and liquid extrusion porosimetry (LEP). Analytical results from porosimetry were compared to porosity estimates obtained from X-ray computed tomography (XCT) images. The constricted pore size, or pore throat diameter, was also measured using porometry. In general, LEP resulted in higher measured porosities than MIP, likely due to compaction of the nonwoven in the latter. Electrospun materials exhibited similar or slightly lower porosities when compared to PET nonwovens, but their constricted pore diameters were orders of magnitude smaller due to smaller fiber sizes. The use of XCT was limited to the PET nonwovens due to limited resolution but it was shown to have potential for visualizing the 3-D structures of nonwovens and other polymeric materials.
The Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Intermediate Polar EX Hydrae

The intermediate polar EX Hya was observed in 1995 March with the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope on the Astro-2 space shuttle mission. The time-resolved, 820-1860 A data that were obtained are the first spectra of an intermediate polar to extend to the Lyman limit. They cover phases 67 = 0.05-0.50 of the 67 minute white dwarf rotational period. Fitted to a blackbody, the continuum has an effective temperature of about 25,000 K. At 67 = 0.0, the spectrum shows strong, broad (2500 km s-1 FWHM) lines of C IV λ1549, C III λ977, λ1176, N V λ1240, Si IV λ1394, and a blend of lines including Lyβ and O VI λ1034. The line ratios suggest a photoionized emission region with densities 1013 cm-3. As the phase increases to 0.5, the line fluxes drop by more than a factor of 4, but the continuum flux declines by only ~20%. There are ±30% fluctuations in the continuum flux, but not the lines, on timescales of less than a minute during the second half of the observation, which suggests that the lines and continuum arise in physically distinct regions of the accretion flow. These data are compatible with models of EX Hya in which the UV lines arise mainly in an optically thick accretion curtain and the UV continuum arises in the innermost part of the accretion curtain and/or the heated face of the white dwarf. The profile of the C IV λ1549 line changes considerably over the course of the observation, with a strong absorption appearing on the blue wing of the line from 67 = 0.36 to the end of the observation.
Magnetic resonance imaging assessed cortical porosity is highly correlated with μCT porosity

Cortical bone is typically regarded as "MR invisible" with conventional clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences. However, recent studies have demonstrated that free water in the microscopic pores of cortical bone has a short T2* but a relatively long T2, and may be detectable with conventional clinical spin echo (SE) or fast spin echo (FSE) sequences. In this study we describe the use of a conventional two-dimensional (2D) FSE sequence to assess cortical bone microstructure and measure cortical porosity using a clinical 3T scanner. Twelve cadaveric human cortical bone samples were studied with MRI and microcomputed tomography (μCT) (downsampled to the same spatial resolution). Preliminary results show that FSE-determined porosity is highly correlated (R(2)=0.83; P<0.0001) with μCT porosity. Bland-Altman analysis suggested a good agreement between FSE and μCT with tight limit of agreement at around 3%. There is also a small bias of -2% for the FSE data, which suggested that the FSE approach slightly underestimated μCT porosity. The results demonstrate that cortical porosity can be directly assessed using conventional clinical FSE sequences. The clinical feasibility of this approach was also demonstrated on six healthy volunteers using 2D FSE sequences as well as 2D ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences with a minimal echo time (TE) of 8μs, which provide high contrast imaging of cortical bone in vivo.
Explorations in the Drive Theory of Social Facilitation

Summary It was hypothesized (Experiment I) that the mere presence of an observer would facilitate performance on simple mazes and hinder performance on complex mazes, especially when the observer was unfamiliar to the S. A second study (Experiment II), addressed the apparent paradox between Zajonc's drive theory of social facilitation and generalizations stemming from Schachter's work on affiliation (the first indicating that the presence of others is arousing, the second suggesting that the presence of others is calming). The first study, which included 30 male undergraduate Ss and a female observer, supported Zajonc's hypothesis; the interaction between observer conditions (alone, familiar observer, unfamiliar observer) and maze complexity (simple, complex) was significant (p < .025). The second study, which included 64 male undergraduate Ss and a male observer, also supported Zajonc's hypothesis; the interaction between drive conditions (low fear, alone; high fear, alone; high fear, calm observer; high...
An AFM Study of corrosion on rigid magnetic disks

Abstract The corrosion susceptibility of a cobalt-based magnetic alloy as a function of overcoat film thickness at 20 °C and 50% relative humidity is investigated using atomic force microscopy. The overcoat films include ion beam-deposited nitrogenated carbon (IBDN), and sputter-deposited silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (SiN x ). In all cases, corrosion decreases with increasing overcoat film thickness. The critical overcoat film thickness for corrosion inhibition is approximately 25, 25 and 20 A for IBDN, SiC and SiN x , respectively. However, larger corrosion particles are found for IBDN and SiC with increasing thickness just below the critical thickness for coverage.
Comparison of T2-weighted spin-echo and fast spin-echo techniques in the evaluation of myelination.

To evaluate T2-weighed fast spin-echo (FSE) and conventional spin-echo (CSE) magnetic resonance (MR) techniques in the assessment of brain myelination, 100 consecutive pediatric patients were imaged prospectively with both CSE and FSE sequences. All patients underwent a routine MR examination that included T2-weighted CSE imaging (imaging time, 10 minutes 21 seconds) and T2-weighted FSE imaging (imaging time, 2 minutes 5 seconds). The two techniques were compared for estimating the degree of myelination (using normal anatomic landmarks) by blind review. With T2-weighted CSE images as the "gold standard" for estimation of normal myelination, FSE images were evaluated to determine if they showed the degree of myelination similarly to CSE images. There was a strong correlation (P < .01) between CSE and FSE images in the estimation of myelination over a wide range of patient ages.
Suppression of ribosomal RNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster

The rDNA of five Y chromosome mutants was examined with respect to their insert free (In−) repeat type multiplicity. The In− repeat number of each mutant was correlated with its hemizygous bobbed phenotype and additivity with an X NO bobbed ( bb ) mutant. Four of these mutants showed a direct relationship between their In− frequency, hemizygous bb phenotype and additivity tests. A fifth mutant, bb 1–4 , had a sufficient number of In− repeats to ensure viability to the late pupal stage and show additivity; however, the In− repeats genetically behaved as a complete rDNA deletion. Possible mechanisms resulting in the suppression of the bb 1–4 In− repeats are discussed.
A Dose-Response Curve for Human Growth Hormone

Although human GH (hGH) has been administered to GH-deficient patients for over 20 yr, there are minimal published data on the relationship of response to dose. We have given hGH on the basis of body weight to 93 prepubertal GH-deficient patients over an initial 12 months of therapy. Their annual growth rate while receiving hGH was 5.58 +/- 2.30 (+/- SD) cm at a dose of 30 mIU/kg, three times a week (tiw; n = 27); 7.31 +/- 1.75 (+/- SD) cm at a dose of 60 mIU/kg, tiw (n = 38); 7.22 +/- 3.12 (+/- SD) cm at a dose of 80 mIU/kg, tiw (n = 12); and 8.94 +/- 1.19 cm (+/- SD) at a dose of 100 mIU/kg, tiw (n = 16). Doubling the dose from 30 to 60 mIU increased the mean rate of growth 1.3 times, and increasing the 30 mIU dose by a factor of 3.3 increased the mean rate of growth 1.6 times. The response (y) as a function of the log-dose (x) is defined by the equation y = -3.12 + 5.80 log x. When the effect of hGH is expressed as the increase in growth rate while receiving therapy, the log-dose relationship is defined by the equation y = -6.09 + 5.67 log x. This dose-response curve provides data which are useful in choosing the best dose of hGH for an individual patient. It also allows a more accurate projection of the costs and benefits of hGH therapy.
Magnetic gradiometry: a new method for magnetic gradient measurements

Abstract Instead of using a pair of different magnetic field sensors and differentiating their outputs in order to derive a magnetic gradient value, a single sensitive element can be used for measuring directly a magnetic gradient. This is done by the use of a stiff metallic string clamped at both ends and pumped with an AC current the frequency of which is tuned to the second eigenmode of the string. The string is excited at that eigenmode in the presence of a quasi-static magnetic gradient. Then, the corresponding mechanical displacements of the string can be measured by the use of an inductive technique with an instrumental noise envelope of less than ±10 −12 m, per 1 s measurement interval.
Repeated dipyridamole administration enhances collateral-dependent flow and regional function during exercise. A role for adenosine.

Two main hypotheses concerning the mechanisms responsible for coronary collateral growth suggest the involvement of chemical or mechanical factors. Since we recently demonstrated that the development of the coronary collateral circulation is not closely related to the extent or duration of myocardial ischemia, we hypothesized that chronic repeated vasodilation and increased myocardial blood flow using dipyridamole would enhance collateral development in miniswine with an ameroid-occluded left circumflex coronary artery (LCx). Two days after surgical instrumentation, the animals received dipyridamole (n = 9), diltiazem as an adenosine-independent vasodilator (n = 8), or control vehicle (n = 7) 90 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. At 5 and 8 weeks, transmural blood flow and systolic wall thickening were measured during infusion of dipyridamole, diltiazem, or vehicle. Transmural blood flow increased similarly in the LCx and nonoccluded regions at 30 and 60 minutes during infusion of either vasodilator. Thus, we believe that similar mechanical stimulation resulted from dipyridamole and diltiazem infusion. There was no change in blood flow during administration of the vehicle. Systolic wall thickening in the collateral-dependent region was not altered by infusion of dipyridamole, diltiazem, or vehicle. Therefore, both vasodilators increased blood flow without eliciting ischemia. After 8 weeks of repeated treatment with each pharmacological agent, at least 24 hours after the last drug infusion, near maximal physiological capacity of the coronary collateral vessels was assessed during treadmill running (approximately 240 beats per minute). Transmural myocardial blood flow ratios, expressed as flow in the LCx divided by flow in the nonoccluded region of the left ventricle, were similar at rest for animals treated with dipyridamole (0.90 +/- 0.03), diltiazem (0.97 +/- 0.05), and control vehicle (0.89 +/- 0.02). However, collateral-dependent myocardial blood flow during exercise was greater (P < .05) in the dipyridamole-treated animals (0.78 +/- 0.04) than in either diltiazem-treated (0.63 +/- 0.09) or vehicle-treated (0.62 +/- 0.02) animals. LCx systolic wall thickening at rest was similar in animals treated with dipyridamole (44.4 +/- 6.3%), diltiazem (42.2 +/- 3.0%), and control vehicle (38.1 +/- 2.8%). During exercise, however, myocardial function in the collateral-dependent region was greater (P < .05) in the dipyridamole-treated (39.2 +/- 5.2%) compared with diltiazem-treated (23.9 +/- 4.0%) and vehicle-treated (26.9 +/- 2.9%) animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework for highly selective C2H2/C2H4 separation at ambient temperature

The first microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework with permanent porosity and exhibiting extraordinarily highly selective adsorptive separation of C2H2 and C2H4 at ambient temperature has been established.
A Replication Study of Reducing the Risk, a Theory-Based Sexuality Curriculum for Adolescents.

Reducing the Risk is a theory-based, sexuality education curriculum shown to influence the knowledge and behaviors of secondary students. This study determined whether the behavioral effects of the curriculum could be duplicated in a southern, rural state. In a quasiexperimental design, pretest and posttest inventories were administered to students in treatment and comparison groups to determine the influence of Reducing the Risk on sexual behaviors. Results of the 18-month study indicated students receiving the curriculum significantly delayed initiating sexual intercourse. Sexually active students in the treatment group were significantly more likely to protect themselves from STD/HIV and pregnancy than sexually active students in the comparison group. In addition, students receiving Reducing the Risk showed a significant increase in parent-child communication about sexual issues. These results reinforce previous research that found positive behavioral effects for students receiving the Reducing the Risk curriculum.
Electron scattering from atoms within a laser field: Green's function method

Abstract The generalization of Kroll and Watson's theory for electron scattering accompanying multiphoton absorption (emission) is attempted from the field theoretical viewpoint. In our theory, the simple static potential is replaced with the optical potential (or self-energy) in the presence of a radiation field. In addition to the “elastic” electron scattering which has been treated previously the “inelastic” electron scattering accompanying multiphoton transfer will be discussed and the S matrices for both the “elastic” and “inelastic” scattering processes will be derived. As to the single-photon processes, the S -matrices for simple free—free transition, superelastic scattering, and electron—photon cooperative excitation will be derived.
Assessing the Nutritional Needs of Homeless Adolescents

Abstract A survey instrument was developed to describe the nutritional habits and needs of homeless adolescents. It incorporated the Block Food Frequency (BFFQ) questionnaire with 37 questions regarding: current practices of obtaining food; nutritional education needs; and demographic information. The survey was reviewed, pilot-tested, and revised Subjects were 18-20 year old residents at a homeless shelter for less than 72 hours (n=40). Descriptive statistics were used. Approximately half of the subjects were male and half were female. Ethnic background varied. Over half of the subjects relied on friends for housing in the three months prior to entering the shelter, 75% had access to at least one piece of equipment used to prepare or store food, most commonly a microwave oven. Sixty-two percent identified family or friends as one source of their food supply. Forty-two percent of the subjects reported financial resources of less than$ 10.00 per week and spent that money on food and cigarettes. As financial resources increased, so did expenditures on drugs, alcohol and food Body Mass Index (BMI) indicated 53% of participants weighed within an acceptable range, 27% were overweight. Sixty-percent reported a good-excellent knowledge of nutrition; 87% were interested in learning more about nutrition; 54% consumed very high fat diets; 85% had diets low in essential nutrients; 44% had considered or were trying to change their eating habits. BFFQ scores were not consistent with BMI, financial resources or perceived nutrition knowledge level. Protein/kilocalorie malnutrition does not appear to be a high risk for older homeless teens who use shelter services. However they are susceptible to micronutrient imbalances. Although subjects believed that they were knowledgeable about nutrition, dietary behaviors indicated otherwise. Interest in nutrition education and desire to improve dietary habits were evident suggesting that nutritional intervention programs could improve nutritional intake in this population.
In vivo photoinactivation of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase by near-ultraviolet light.

NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET light (320–400 nm) is lethal to bacteria1, yeast cells2 and mammalian cells3. A large body of evidence correlates cell death and survival with the induction and repair of pyrimidine dimers in the DNA of cells irradiated by far-ultraviolet light (200–300 nm) (refs 4–7). The induction of pyrimidine dimers has also been demonstrated by 365-nm near-ultraviolet light but at 7×105-fold lower efficiency than by 254-nm far-ultraviolet light8. With the exception of certain Escherichia coli strains with multiple deficiencies in DNA repair9,10 the small number of pyrimidine dimers produced by 365-nm near-ultraviolet light does not account for a significant fraction of the biological damage either in terms of lethality11 or the inactivation of transforming DNA12. The killing of cells by near-ultraviolet light is oxygen dependent whereas that by far-ultraviolet light is oxygen independent3,13. The operational distinction between far- and near-ultraviolet light based on oxygen dependence of lethality coincides with the upper limit of ultraviolet light absorption by the DNA at about 310nm14 and may reflect the involvement of a primary target site other than DNA in the killing of cells by near-ultraviolet light. In E. coli deoxyribonucleotides are formed de novo by the reduction of ribonucleoside diphosphates15. Two of the components of the ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (RDP-reductase) complex, the non-haem iron protein subunit of the RDP-reductase16 and the functionally linked flavoprotein thioredoxin reductase17 have strong absorption in the near-ultraviolet region. I show here that near-ultraviolet irradiation of E. coli cells selectively destroys RDP-reductase activity in vivo and present evidence relating the loss of RDP-reductase to the loss of cellular viability and to the inability of irradiated cells to support the replication of DNA phages.
CMOS Imager with Copper Wiring and Lightpipe

A CMOS imager technology is described, which uses Cu wiring and a polymer lightpipe. The microlens height must be optimized when using the lightpipe, so that light is focused into the top of the lightpipe rather than onto the photodiode. A SiN layer is used on the sidewalls to reflect light that enters the top of the lightpipe down onto the photodiode. The SiN layer also forms a hermetic seal, which protects the Cu wiring from ambient moisture. Using this structure, high quantum efficiency can be achieved for a 2.2 ?m pixel and high reliability is demonstrated.
A Response to Anastas and Coffey: The Science of Social Work and its Relationship to Social Work Education and Professional Organizations

Relationships are central to the profession of social work; relationships with allied disciplines, among professional social work organizations, and between classroom and field education. However, embedded within these relationships are historical tensions, and contemporary opportunities that can advance both the science of social work and the status of the profession. This article mainly highlights opportunities for advancing professional relationships between Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) and National Association of Social Work (NASW) and provides exemplars for strengthening relationships between the classroom, field education, and practicing social work professionals. We argue that deepening the connections between CSWE and NASW as well as the Society for Social Work Research (SSWR) require parallel efforts to link research, evidence-based practices, and the training and education of future social workers.
Statistical properties of soil moisture images revisited

Data from passive microwave remote sensing with an ESTAR L-band radiometer, deployed on an aircraft, were used to produce soil moisture images over the area of the Little Washita watershed in Oklahoma in 1992. This area was revisited during the Southern Great Plains 1997 Hydrology Experiment. This offered an opportunity to evaluate the time-specificity of the conclusions, relating to scaling of the surface soil moisture, that have been reported for 1992. The objective of this work was to compare scaling properties of soil moisture fields observed in 1992 and 1997. We analyzed one 1992 data set and three 1997 data sets, each covering several days of continuous drydown. Different resolutions were introduced by aggregating the pixels of original 200-m resolution into bigger square cells. Scaling in dependencies on resolution was observed for the variance of moisture content, for the within-cell variance, and for the first six moments about zero, the latter indicating multiscaling. Parameters of the scaling equations differed among four drying periods studied. However, once a scaling dependency on resolution was established in the beginning of a drying period, its shape was maintained during the drydown both in 1992 and 1997. Slopes of the dependencies changed only slightly, whereas the intercepts decreased as the drying progressed. Having constant slopes and intercepts dependent on average area water contents gives an opportunity to reduce the volume of observations needed to predict scaling of surface soil moisture during drydowns.
Enhanced removal of aqueous BPA model compounds using Metalloligs

A model compound, 4-(t-butyl)phenol, was used as a substitute for BPA (bisphenol acetone or Bisphenol A) a material used for the production of a large volume of common plastics. Unfortunately, BPA is suspected to have estrogenic properties, and there is a suspicion that even small amounts can have a deleterious effect against humans, especially female infants. The model compound has some similarities to BPA, but lacks some of the serious properties of BPA dust. Since other workers have demonstrated the capability of removing BPA from plastics by extraction with saline or alcohol, we studied whether Octolig, a polyethylenediimine supported on silica gel, or transition metal derivatives of Octolig could be used to remove concentrations for model compounds from aqueous solution. Octolig gave modest results 20%, the manganese (II) and iron (III) derivatives gave poor results, Cuprilig was an improvement over those two Metalloligs, but the cobalt(II) derivative was able to remove up to 56% of the model compoun...
Fetal and adult hemoglobins of the spiny dogfish Squalus suckleyi

Abstract It has been established with the use of crystalline hemoglobins that adult and fetal shark Squalus suckleyi hemoglobins are distinct proteins. Oxygen equilibria of purified and dialyzed hemoglobins indicate that fetal Squalus hemoglobin has a higher oxygen affinity, slight heme-heme interactions, and a smaller Bohr effect when compared with the adult hemoglobin. The adult and fetal hemoglobins can also be differentiated by electrophoresis and solubility. “Fingerprinting” indicates that fetal Squalus hemoglobin has two tryptic and seven chymotryptic peptides not represented in the corresponding digests of adult Squalus hemoglobin. However, there appear to be no adult peptides that are not equally represented in the corresponding fetal “fingerprints.” Thus, the degree and nature of the difference between adult and fetal dogfish hemoglobin is distinct from that between adult and fetal human hemoglobins.
Spatially-phased transducer to form steered beams

A spatially phased `doily' transducer (patent pending) forms a steered beam along one axis of the transducer without the need for electronically applying phase shifts to an array of elements. In its simplest form, the transducer consists of two channels from spatially shaped cosine and sine apertures, where the sine channel is shifted 90 degree(s) and then combined with the cosine channel. The transducer produces a beam steered to a desired angle at a specific design frequency in either receive or transmit operation. Several `doily' transducers have been fabricated and tested using low-lateral mode transducer materials such as Polyvinylidene Fluoride and 1 - 3 composite, with electroplated electrodes to form the cosine and sine apertures. The apertures were also geometrically shaped to suppress sidelobes along the steering axis. These `doily' transducers formed beams that were steered as far as 54 degree(s) with typical sidelobe levels of -20 dB.
LOCUS OF CONTROL, ACHIEVEMENT, AND FAILURE AMONG DISADVANTAGED COLLEGE STUDENTS, A FOLLOW-UP

Hohmuth and Ramos (1973), studying a group of disadvantaged college freshmen, observed a relationship between scores on Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) Scale (Rotter, 1966) and academic improvement following failure in the first semester. Students who had failing grade point averages at the end of their first semester were much more likely to improve their performance during the second semester if they had an internal locus of control. I t was suggested that among these academically marginal students, perceived locus of control might be an important factor in determining ultimate success or failure in college, the expectation being that the internal students would be the most likely to graduate. Now, five years later, the data show that while there is a relationship between the I-E Scale and college success for this group of students, it is the opposite of what was expected. Of the original grocp of 32 failing students, 21 have dropped out of college (failure), while 11 have graduated, transferred to other colleges, or are seniors expected to graduate in June (success). These students were split, at the median of the total original group, into an internal group and an external group. Of the internal group, 3 were successes, while 12 were failures. Of the external group, 8 were successes, while 9 were failures (x2 of 3.92, df = 1 , P < .05). There is no indication of a relationship between the I-E Scale and college success or failure among the students who were actually passing at the end of their first semester. Students faced with initial failure were much more likely to improve in their next semester if their perceived locus of control was internal, but they were ultimately more likely to drop out of college. It may be important that, while the improvements were often substantial, in only three cases were they sufficient to take the students off academic probation by the end of the first year. It seems .that the internal students, faced with continuing marginal performance, were more likely to seek a non-academic alternative than were their external counterparts.
Towards generic FutureGrid image management

In this paper, we briefly outline the current design of a generic image management service for FutureGrid. The service is intended to generate, store, and verify images while interfacing with different localized cloud IaaS image. Additionally, we will also use the service to generate images for traditional bare-metal deployments.
Contribution of the subfornical organ to angiotensin II-induced hypertension.

Previous studies clearly demonstrated acute actions of angiotensin II (ANG II) at one of the central circumventricular organs, the subfornical organ (SFO), but studies demonstrating a role for the ...
Kinesin Motility on Microtubule Bundles

Microtubules carry out numerous functions in the cell, one of which is to provide tracks along which microtubule motor proteins walk. In the cell, these filaments often form complex architectures, such as microtubule bundles. Distinct types of bundles can form depending on the orientation of microtubules within the bundle. Bundles that consist of parallel microtubules are found in axons, while bundles comprised of randomly oriented microtubules are present in dendrites. Additionally, antiparallel microtubule arrays are known to exist at the spindle midzone. How do motors navigate these complex microtubule architectures? Here, we study the motility of single kinesin-1 motors on different types of microtubule bundles in vitro. We prepared three types of microtubule bundles: bundles with tightly packed, randomly oriented microtubules formed by depletion forces; spaced, antiparallel bundles formed by the microtubule crosslinking protein, MAP65; and endogenous parallel microtubule bundles derived from neuronal-like processes of CAD cells. We observe that kinesin processivity and velocity are reduced on tightly packed microtubule bundles. This reduction in motility is likely due to staggered, overlapping microtubules within the bundle that act as obstacles for motors. We do not observe reduced motility on microtubule bundles with crosslinking MAPs. We suggest that spacing between microtubules within a bundle created by MAPs organizes the bundle architecture to prevent staggered, overlapping microtubules from acting as obstacles for kinesin motors. Interestingly, we observe single kinesin motors to switch to adjacent, oppositely oriented microtubules within bundles that contain antiparallel microtubules. We show that motors that switch to adjacent tracks during a run exhibit an enhanced processivity. This suggests that the ability of single motors to switch to adjacent tracks could be a mechanism used by kinesin to circumvent obstacles. This study provides new insights into how kinesin motors navigate complex tracks present in the cell.
Political-economic values and the relationship between socioeconomic status and self-esteem

Values concerning the distribution of wealth are an important aspect of identity for many Americans, and such values may therefore influence how Americans experience their own socioeconomic status (SES). Based on this proposition, the present research examines political-economic values as a moderator of the relationship between SES and self-esteem. Results supported the hypothesis that there is a stronger relationship between SES and self-esteem among individuals who report relatively inegalitarian values than among individuals who report relatively egalitarian values. This result was replicated using both objective and subjective measures of SES. Implications of the present findings for the study of values and well-being, psychological conflict, and the influence of economic factors on self-esteem are discussed.
Traffic engineering of tunnel-based networks with class specific diversity requirements

Tunnel-based networks such as Multi-protocol Label switching (MPLS) are suitable for providing diversity guarantees to different service classes or customers. Based on the number of active tunnels to handle, router capabilities can be taxed due to the limited amount of memory and/or processing power of these routers. In this paper, we present a mixed-integer linear program formulation for a traffic engineering problem where such tunnel restrictions are taken into account in addition to standard capacity constraints while addressing diversity requirement of services. Due to large size of the formulation, we also present an accompanied solution approach based on Lagrangian relaxation and sub-gradient optimization. We then present results towards impact of diversity constraint upon the tunneling and capacity restrictions. We observed that the networks having higher amounts of capacity and demands with higher level of survivability are much more sensitive to number of allowed tunnels in the network. The impact is even more prominent for sparsely-connected, large-sized networks.
Synthesis and structure of chiral macrocycles containing 2,2'-bipyridine subunits.

Abstract A series of macrocyclic receptors has been prepared containing bipyridine groups linked to two amino acids. Variations in both the amino acid and the linking spacer have been made. The structure of the resulting macrocycles has been investigated using 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The use of l-valine leads to an open conformation for the macrocycle in which the 2-propyl substituents are directed perpendicular to the plane of the ring leaving the bipyridine and amide groups accessible for binding to a metal or complementary substrate. Proline-based macrocycles take up a twisted arrangement with the linking chain stretched across the face of the bipyridine which takes up a trans conformation. The metal ion binding properties of these derivatives have been investigated and shown to occur only to the valine macrocyles which have the two pyridine rings preorganized for complexation. These macrocycles have also been shown to bind to phenolic hydroxyl groups by using hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors from the amide groups in the linking chain.
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS IN CHICKEN MUSCLE TISSUES.

Lipids extracted from breast muscle and thigh muscle of one-year old chickens on a standard MSU-Z-4 diet have been fractionated by silicic acid column chromatography into nonphospholipids, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline (lecithin), and sphingomyelins. Phospholipid fractions were identified by thin-layer chromatography and the quantity of each determined by gravimetric analysis, analysis of the phosphorus content, and infrared spectra.
Potential Range Expansion of the Invasive Red Shiner, Cyprinella lutrensis (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), under Future Climatic Change

We built climate envelope models under contemporary and future climates to explore potential range shifts of the invasive Red Shiner-Cyprinella lutrensis. Our objective was to estimate aquatic habitat vulnerability to Red Shiner invasion in North America under future climatic change. We used presence records from within the species’ native and invaded distributions, a suite of bioclimatic predictor variables from three climate models (CCCma, CSIRO, and HadCM3), and maximum entropy modeling to generate potential distribution maps for the year 2080. Our model predicted major range expansion by Red Shiner under both low and high carbon emissions scenarios. The models exceeded average area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values of 0.92, indicating good overall model performance. The model predictions fell largely outside of areas of climatic extrapolation (i.e. regions predicted into environments different from training the region) indicating good model performance. The results from this study highlight the large potential range expansion across North America of Red Shiner under future warmer climates.
Modeling Synthetic Jets for Low-Re Airfoil Unsteady Flow Control

Synthetic jet actuators (SJAs) may be carefully designed to alleviate the negative impact of impinging flow non-uniformities on the aircraft wing unsteady aerodynamic response. The current study investigates the effectiveness of SJAs for active control of unsteady flow over SD7003 low-Re airfoil in presence of a high-amplitude upstream flow disturbance characterized by a sharp-edge gust. In the adopted numerical procedure, the actuator's dimensional scaling and excitation frequency effects are first examined for a specific SJA configuration using a Lumped Element Model. The next step employs a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis to determine simple fluctuating-velocity boundary condition at the bottom of the actuator's orifice. The orifice with the properly defined boundary condition is then embedded into the airfoil surface for conducting high-accuracy viscous analysis of active flow control during gust-airfoil interaction process. Results of numerical simulations indicate that the SJA positive effe...
Geostatistical mapping of effluent-affected sediment distribution on the Palos Verdes shelf

Geostatistical techniques were used to study the spatial continuity of the thickness of effluent-affected sediment in the offshore Palos Verdes margin area. The thickness data were measured directly from cores and indirectly from high-frequency subbottom profiles collected over the Palos Verdes Margin. Strong spatial continuity of the sediment thickness data was identified, with a maximum range of correlation in excess of 1.4 km. The spatial correlation showed a marked anisotropy, and was more than twice as continuous in the alongshore direction as in the cross-shelf direction. Sequential indicator simulation employing models fit to the thickness data variograms was used to map the distribution of the sediment, and to quantify the uncertainty in those estimates. A strong correlation between sediment thickness data and measurements of the mass of the contaminant p,p?-DDE per unit area was identified. A calibration based on the bivariate distribution of the thickness and p,p?-DDE data was applied using Markov-Bayes indicator simulation to extend the geostatistical study and map the contamination levels in the sediment. Integrating the map grids produced by the geostatistical study of the two variables indicated that 7.8 million cubic meters of effluent-affected sediment exist in the map area, containing approximately 61 to 72 Mgmore » (metric tons) of p,p?-DDE. Most of the contaminated sediment (about 85% of the sediment and 89% of the p,p?-DDE) occurs in water depths less than 100 m. The geostatistical study also indicated that the samples available for mapping are well distributed and the uncertainty of the estimates of the thickness and contamination level of the sediments is lowest in areas where the contaminated sediment is most prevalent.« less
Practice to research: Integrating evidence-based practices with culture and context

There are ways to integrate culturally competent services (CCS) and evidence-based practices (EBP) which can improve the experiences of patients and their families and communities when faced with health problems, as well as the effectiveness and positive experiences of practitioners. CCS and EBP evidence should be jointly deployed for helping patients and clinicians. Partnership research models are useful for achieving the integration of CCS and EBP, since they involve close observation of and participation by clinicians and practitioners in the research process, and often use integrated qualitative and quantitative mixed methods. We illustrate this with 3 examples of work that can help integrate CCS and EBP: ongoing collection of information from patients, clinicians and staff, or "evidence farming"; close study and continuous improvement of activities and accommodations; and use of evidence of tacit, implicit cultural scripts and norms, such as being "productive," as well as explicit scripts. From a research practice point of view, collaborative partnerships will likely produce research with culture and context bracketed in, and will contribute stronger research models, methods, and units of analysis.
Flexible Approaches to Computing Mediated Effects in Generalized Linear Models: Generalized Estimating Equations and Bootstrapping

In behavioral research, interest is often in examining the degree to which the effect of an independent variable X on an outcome Y is mediated by an intermediary or mediator variable M. This article illustrates how generalized estimating equations (GEE) modeling can be used to estimate the indirect or mediated effect, defined as the amount by which the regression coefficient of X on Y changes after adjusting for M. Advantages of this method are: (a) it applies to the class of generalized linear models, including linear, logistic, and Poisson regression as special cases; (b) it allows multiple independent variables and mediators in the same model; and (c) asymptotically valid standard errors and confidence intervals are obtained using standard software. This methodology is compared with the bootstrap, another general methodology that can be applied to the same broad class of models, and is evaluated using simulation in both linear and logistic regression scenarios. The methods are utilized to examine the degree to which the effect of low birthweight status on internalizing symptoms at age 20 is mediated through IQ at age 8.
Let me read your mind: Personality judgments based on a person's natural stream of thought

Abstract Past research on the accuracy of personality judgments has largely focused on person perception scenarios that are public in nature (e.g., face-to-face interactions, personal websites). This study investigated the accuracy of personality judgments on the basis of highly private information: a person’s natural stream of thought. Nine naive judges rated the personality of 90 targets on the basis of their 20-min stream-of-consciousness essays. Judges’ level of accuracy was significant and substantial for all Big Five dimensions. The substantial and relatively uniform accuracy across all Big Five dimensions suggests that a person’s moment-to-moment thoughts provide good information for the accurate judgment of personality in general rather than specific diagnostic information for the accurate judgment of private traits such as Neuroticism.