cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are professors likely to report having “beliefs” about the intelligence and competence of students who stutter?

Abstract Some university students who stutter report that they avoid participating in class discussions and talking with professors because they believe that if their professors find out they stutter, the professors are likely to view the students as being less intelligent and/or competent than they otherwise would. The purpose of this study was to determine whether professors, as a group, are likely to report such beliefs. A random sample of 87 professors at Marquette University, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and the State University of New York at Stonybrook rated “A Student Who Stutters” on each of 81 seven-point, bipolar semantic differential scales, including intelligent/unintelligent and competent/incompetent. Although there was considerable scatter in their ratings for the majority of the scales, 85 of the 87 rated the student at the center or “positive” end of the intelligent/unintelligent scale and 83 of the 87 did so on the competent/incompetent one. Assuming that the attitutes reported by the professors reflect their “real” ones, these data suggest that many—perhaps the majority—do not have negative attitudes about the intelligence and competence of their students who stutter.
YouTube as a Qualitative Research Asset: Reviewing User Generated Videos as Learning Resources.

YouTube, the video hosting service, offers students, teachers, and practitioners of qualitative researchers a unique reservoir of video clips introducing basic qualitative research concepts, sharing qualitative data from interviews and field observations, and presenting completed research studies. This web-based site also affords qualitative researchers the potential avenue to share their reusable learning resources for all interested parties to use. Key Words: YouTube, User Generated Content, Web 2.0, Qualitative Research, and Learning Objects The other day Maureen Duffy, one of my co-editors with The Qualitative Report, and I were talking about incorporating video in the online qualitative research courses we were teaching. We discussed the pro’s and con’s of creating our own clips when Maureen noted there were some interesting qualitative research videos on YouTube (http://www.youtube.com) we might be able to use. Knowing how well Maureen knows YouTube and its plentiful resources I decided to check out what the online video sharing site had to offer qualitative researchers. For those readers who are not familiar with this online phenomenon, YouTube is a video hosting service that features user generated content or in other words, it is a site where registered users (i.e., anyone who creates an account with YouTube) can upload files containing video and unregistered users (i.e., anyone with a connection to the Internet) can view the videos. From most figures I have seen YouTube hosts millions of videos and users: “In January [2008], nearly 79 million viewers, or a third of all online viewers in the U.S., watched more than three billion user-posted videos on YouTube, according to comScore’s latest report” (Yen, 2008, ¶9). With this huge reservoir of digital resources I was hopeful to find some interesting and useful qualitative research videos. Having scoured YouTube the last few days I did find some useful videos teachers and students of qualitative research could use to further their basic understanding of these methodologies and associated procedures as well as some intriguing examples of research findings presented in video form. In the following mini-reviews I discuss a number of clips worth viewing. I have organized this presentation in four general categories of videos: Introductory Overviews and How To’s, Data Generation and Collection, and Study Results.
Physical Education Homework That Involves the Family

MANY ADULTS AND ADOLESCENTS fall short of meeting the recommended levels of physical activity (PA; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [USDHHS], 2008). It has been well documented that adu...
Inspirations from nature. New reactions, new therapeutic leads, and new drug delivery systems

Studies in our laboratory focus on problems in chemistry (new reactions and syn- thesis), biology (novel modes of action), and medicine (new therapeutic leads and drug deliv- ery systems). These interconnected and often synergistic activities are inspired by an interest in novel structures, frequently from nature, that possess unique modes of action and signifi- cant clinical potential. Described herein are some examples of recent work from our labora- tory that have led to new transition metal-catalyzed reactions, a new and remarkably potent therapeutic lead, and new drug delivery systems that are in clinical trials. Research in our group focuses on novel structures with novel biological activities. These structures are selected because they provide new synthetic challenges and thereby new opportunities for advancing the frontiers of synthesis through the design and development of new reactions, reagents, and strategies. These structures are also selected because they exhibit unique activities, allowing for the investigation of new biochemical pathways that could lead to novel therapeutic candidates. Our studies are often inspired by structures found in nature—for example, Taxol ® (1), phorbol (2), resiniferatoxin (3), apop- tolidin (4), HIV-Tat (5), and bryostatin (6). In the past, many such biologically active natural products were taken forward without modification into clinical trials because they were too difficult to modify or too little was known about how modifications would improve performance. While such unmodified natural products have occasionally succeeded as drugs, it is clear that many natural leads have failed because they are not "designed" for therapeutic use. The increasing effectiveness of synthesis coupled with our growing understanding of therapeutic pathways is now changing this situation. It has now become possible to examine a natural lead with an eye toward synthesis and biological function and design a potentially superior clinical candidate that can be synthesized in a practical fashion. Thus, while many natural products will continue to be beyond the reach of practical synthesis, insightful design could allow practical synthetic access to targets that possess similar, if not superior, activity. Representative examples of this philosophy are illustrated herein, along with the related role that this work has in inspiring the design of new reactions and synthetic strategies.
Neighborhood- and individual-level socioeconomic variation in perceptions of racial discrimination.

Objective. In approaching the study of racial discrimination and health, the neighborhood- and individual-level antecedents of perceived discrimination need further exploration. We investigated the relationship between neighborhood- and individual-level socioeconomic position (SEP), neighborhood racial composition, and perceived racial discrimination in a cohort of African-American and White women age 40–79 from Connecticut, USA. Design. The logistic regression analysis included 1249 women (39% African-American and 61% White). Neighborhood-level SEP and racial composition were determined using 1990 census tract information. Individual-level SEP indicators included income, education, and occupation. Perceived racial discrimination was measured as lifetime experience in seven situations. Results. For African-American women, living in the most disadvantaged neighborhoods was associated with fewer reports of racial discrimination (odds ratio (OR) 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26, 0.75), with results at...
A RAPID METHOD FOR THE ESTIMATION OF SODA IN GLASSES

A direct determination of alkali is often avoided in glass analysis because of the tedious nature of the method and the estimation by differcnce is not justifiable because of accumulating errors. The method proposed consists in HF-H2SO4 decomposition, removal of MgO and R2O3 by lime, conversion of sulfate to carbonates by Ba(OH)2 and CO2, boiling to precipitate CaCO3 and BaCO3, and titration of Na2CO3.
The distribution of maximum flow with applications to multistate reliability systems

This paper describes an efficient Monte Carlo sampling plan for estimating the distribution of maximum flow in a directed network whose arcs have random capacities. Such a network can be used to represent a multistate system whose multistate components capacities are subject to random deterioration. The proposed sampling plan uses an easily computed a priori upper bound on the complementary distribution function to obtain an unbiased point estimator with smaller variance than the estimator obtained by crude Monte Carlo sampling. The paper also describes procedures for interval estimation and for assessing when the sampling experiment has achieved a specified accuracy. To facilitate sampling, we use cumulative processes to characterize deterioration, leading to the treatment of arc capacities as being multinormally distributed. We describe a technique for checking the appropriateness of this model with regard to lower and upper bounds on capacity. We also describe a procedure for deriving a confidence interval on the measure used to assess variance reduction. An example illustrates the sampling plan, and a concise summary gives all steps needed to implement the plan.
Ecological exchangeability versus neutral molecular markers: the case of the great tit

Neutral genetic markers, such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, are commonly used to discover independently evolving groups of populations in nature. These groups are often considered to be units of conservation because they preserve distinct organismal histories. However, because of the time lag between the isolation of populations and the evolution of diagnostic neutral markers, adaptive traits could be unrepresented by units defined by neutral markers. The concept of ecological exchangeability potentially provides a way to preserve populations possessing local adaptations that lack diagnostic neutral markers. Populations are surveyed for differences in fitness traits, either directly, or by examining morphological or genetic traits that could indirectly serve as proxies for them. The purpose of this paper is to compare the nature of units of conservation defined by neutral gene surveys and ecological exchangeability, using data recently available for the great tit Parus major, a wide-ranging Palearctic species. mtDNA surveys reveal a lack of differentiation across thousands of kilometer. In contrast, studies of body size and clutch size show locally adapted differences between populations separated by a few kilometer, meaning that these populations could be classified as ecologically in exchangeable. These two types of markers have dramatically different consequences for the geographic and evolutionary scale of conservation units. The concept of ecological exchangeability might be an inappropriate way to diagnose units of conservation in birds owing to the time required to document local adaptations and their potential ubiquity. Neutral genetic markers continue to provide a theoretically sound way of identifying units of conservation, and these units ought to be integrated into conservation plans without delay.
From algae to angiosperms–inferring the phylogeny of green plants ( Viridiplantae ) from 360 plastid genomes

Next-generation sequencing has provided a wealth of plastid genome sequence data from an increasingly diverse set of green plants (Viridiplantae). Although these data have helped resolve the phylogeny of numerous clades (e.g., green algae, angiosperms, and gymnosperms), their utility for inferring relationships across all green plants is uncertain. Viridiplantae originated 700-1500 million years ago and may comprise as many as 500,000 species. This clade represents a major source of photosynthetic carbon and contains an immense diversity of life forms, including some of the smallest and largest eukaryotes. Here we explore the limits and challenges of inferring a comprehensive green plant phylogeny from available complete or nearly complete plastid genome sequence data. We assembled protein-coding sequence data for 78 genes from 360 diverse green plant taxa with complete or nearly complete plastid genome sequences available from GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses of the plastid data recovered well-supported backbone relationships and strong support for relationships that were not observed in previous analyses of major subclades within Viridiplantae. However, there also is evidence of systematic error in some analyses. In several instances we obtained strongly supported but conflicting topologies from analyses of nucleotides versus amino acid characters, and the considerable variation in GC content among lineages and within single genomes affected the phylogenetic placement of several taxa. Analyses of the plastid sequence data recovered a strongly supported framework of relationships for green plants. This framework includes: i) the placement of Zygnematophyceace as sister to land plants (Embryophyta), ii) a clade of extant gymnosperms (Acrogymnospermae) with cycads + Ginkgo sister to remaining extant gymnosperms and with gnetophytes (Gnetophyta) sister to non-Pinaceae conifers (Gnecup trees), and iii) within the monilophyte clade (Monilophyta), Equisetales + Psilotales are sister to Marattiales + leptosporangiate ferns. Our analyses also highlight the challenges of using plastid genome sequences in deep-level phylogenomic analyses, and we provide suggestions for future analyses that will likely incorporate plastid genome sequence data for thousands of species. We particularly emphasize the importance of exploring the effects of different partitioning and character coding strategies.
Avionics and ECM System Integration on Military Aircraft

To survive in the present and future hostile electronic environment, military aircraft will have to carry an ever increasing amount of countermeasur es equipment. This paper reviews some of the major problems inherent in the design, development, and application of ECM (Electronic Countermeasures) equipment in high-performance aircraft. Areas covered include installation, aerodynamic and structural, electromagnetic interference and compatibility, special tests and plans, integration and enhancement, and coordination and management. To resolve the acute problem of conflicting requirements for improved aircraft performance vs large complex ECM installations, necessitates close coordination among all the engineering disciplines. The selection and installation of ECM equipment should be preceded by feasibility and any other tests required to determine how the equipment will function in its true aircraft environment. In the final analysis, the most demanding problem is the management effort required to coordinate the contributions from the various vendors and government agencies.
THREE PARTS NATURAL, SEVEN PARTS MAN-MADE: BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S GREAT LEAP FORWARD DEMOGRAPHIC DISASTER

The millions of deaths that occurred during China’s great famine of 1959–1961 were the result of one of the world’s greatest civil demographic disasters. Two primary hypotheses have been advanced to explain the famine. One is that China experienced three consecutive years of bad weather while the other is that national policies were wrong in that they reduced and misallocated agricultural production. The relative importance of these two factors to the famine remains controversial among China scholars. This paper uses provincial-level demographic panel data and a Bayesian empirical approach in an effort to distinguish the relative importance of weather and national policy on China’s great demographic disaster. Consistent with the qualitative literature in this area, we find that national policy played an overall more important role in the famine than weather. However, we provide new quantitative evidence that weather was also an important factor, particularly in those provinces that experienced excessively wet conditions.
Predation by Cosmopolitan Spiders Upon the Medically Significant Pest Species Loxosceles reclusa (Araneae: Sicariidae): Limited Possibilities for Biological Control

Interspecific predation of three cosmopolitan house spiders, Achearanea tepidariorum (Kock 1841) (Theridiidae), Steotoda triangulosa (Walckenaer 1802) (Theridiidae), and Pholcus phalangioides (Doleschall 1859) (Pholcidae), and the medically significant brown recluse spider, Loxosceles reclusa (Sicariidae) were examined to evaluate transitive predatory relationships and to explore the potential use of cosmopolitan spiders as effective biological control agents on L. reclusa. Fifty houses from northeastern Kansas were visually inspected from May to December 2002 for cosmopolitan spiders and L. reclusa. In 25 houses, insect monitoring traps were used to sample spider diversity and abundance. The remaining 25 houses were monitored to examine intraguild predation and spider behavior. If cosmopolitan spiders have the ability to regulate or decrease L. reclusa populations, houses with large cosmopolitan spider populations are expected to have significantly fewer L. reclusa than houses without cosmopolitan spiders. Predation and/or evidence of predation by all three cosmopolitan spiders on L. reclusa was detected in 68% of houses. Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed overall positive relationships between population densities of cosmopolitan spiders and L. reclusa. When evaluated independently, the presence of both A. tepidariorum and S. triangulosa showed negative, yet nonsignificant, relationships with L. reclusa densities, whereas P. phalangioides showed a positive nonsignificant relationship. Although statistical tests showed a decrease in L. reclusa population densities with increased population densities of two cosmopolitan species, alluding to a potential beneficial interaction for biological control, observations of spider behavior, web positioning (niche partitioning), and predation showed little possibility of biological control capabilities.
Growth Regulators and Plant Tumorigenesis

Plant growth and differentiation are regulated by growth regulators. Pathogenic infection may cause a departure from normal levels of one or more growth regulators in the infected plant. Imbalance of growth regulation could alter the growth habit of the plant and result in symptoms such as stunting, overgrowth, epinasty, and premature leaf drop.
How physician-employees experience their work lives in a changing HMO.

The present study advances our understanding of both physician adaptation and the physician-organization relationship in a managed care environment defined by structural diversity and constant change. It does so through a longitudinal examination of a single group of physician-employees experiencing their work lives within a nonprofit health maintenance organization (HMO) in the midst of major strategic developments. Using interview, observation, and archival data collected over a five-year period, the analysis reveals that the form and substance of individual physician adaptation to organizational life is dependent upon social exchanges over time with the HMO, making it an emergent, evolutionary process rather than a pre-determined, static phenomenon. However, the results also demonstrate that physician adaptive response to rapid, unpredictable organizational change is slow and delayed, in particular when this change makes physicians more dependent on their employing organization. This confers an advantage onto the organization vis-a-vis professionals in interpreting and responding to environmental change. These insights should encourage sociologists to employ research designs and contingency models of physician attitudes and behavior that capture the dynamic and particularistic nature of everyday physician work life in contemporary health care.
Sudden death from cardiac causes in children and young adults.

Although sudden death in a young person is rare, it can have a great impact on both the lay and the medical communities. Such unanticipated deaths sometimes occur in dramatic circumstances and often have medical and legal ramifications. Some of these deaths are not predictable or preventable by current practical means; however, in many cases there are premonitory symptoms, a family history of sudden death at a young age, clinical or electrocardiographic abnormalities, or high-risk behavior. Among older adults, sudden deaths are often due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease and terminal ventricular fibrillation. Each year there are 300,000 such deaths . . .
On the Reliability of Purchase Influence Studies

facing those engaged in selling and advertising consumer goods is which member of the family exerts the main influence upon the purchase of a particular good. From the sales and advertising standpoint, this is a problem of paramount importance. It is therefore not surprising that a number of studies have been made seeking to answer this problem.2 Unfortunately, the validity of these studies is as yet largely an unanswered question. The method by which these studies have been carried out-by soliciting the opinion of one family member regarding the purchasing influence possessed by himself and by other members of the family-and the scarcity of any rigorous tests of the validity of this method3
Acid and Bile Reflux in Children with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Objective To investigate the role of acid and bile reflux in children with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to evaluate the significance of detecting acid and bile reflux in diagnosing GERD in children.Methods Using ambulatory 24 h pH mo-(nitoring) and bilirubin monitoring technique, we simultaneously assessed the changes of intraesophageal pH and bile reflux in 23 subjects (including 11 healthy controls and 12 patients with GERD).Results The time of esophageal acid exposure (pH4) for GERD was significantly greater than that of controls(P0.05). Intraesophageal bile reflux , represented by total percentage time of bilirubin absorbance≥0.14,was greater in children with GERD than that in controls(P0.05).Eighty-five percent of children with GERD simultaneously had acid and bile reflux.Conclusions Both bile reflux and acid reflux are very common in children with GERD and both may play an role in the development of GERD. Simultaneously monitoring intraesophageal acid and bile reflux is very important to diagnose GERD.
Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analytical Technique in Rapid Analysis

The principle and the characteristics of near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS) are presented briefly in this paper.The research and application actualities of NIRS rapid analysis in agriculture,food,pharmaceutical,petrochemical industry,polymer and so on is summarized.The application prospect of NIRS is also proposed.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Uptake in Adolescent Boys: An Evidence Review

Background Despite evidence-based guidelines recommending routine vaccination against human papillomavirus (HPV) for adolescent boys, ages 11–12 years, vaccine uptake among this population remains low. Aims To examine reasons for low HPV quadrivalent vaccine uptake and methods available to increase vaccine uptake among adolescent males, ages 11–12 years. Methods and Results Of 341 identified studies, 30 were included from three databases. The 30 studies were grouped into six categories: population-specific, problem-specific, educational interventions, theory-specific, political implications, and foundational guidelines and Websites. Discussion Among eight studies, low vaccine uptake was attributed to lack of parental, adolescent, and physician knowledge of HPV4 vaccine availability and recommendations. HPV4 vaccine educational interventions for parents and adolescents were the most effective for promoting vaccine uptake. Theory applications and gain-framed messages were shown to be effective for assessing HPV vaccine attitudes and perceptions. Political implication studies reveal the need for political and financial measures to encourage HPV vaccine acceptability among the population. Implications for Clinicians To promote HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males, providers must remain current with HPV vaccine recommendations and offer parental and adolescent HPV education focusing on benefits of vaccine acceptance and risks of vaccine refusal. Linking Evidence to Action The results of this review inform our understanding of effective educational strategies to positively impact HPV vaccine uptake in adolescent males. Based on this review, clinicians can employ several evidence-based educational strategies to facilitate HPV vaccine uptake.
High density scalp EEG in frontal lobe epilepsy

Abstract Purpose Localization of seizures in frontal lobe epilepsy using the 10–20 system scalp EEG is often challenging because neocortical seizure can spread rapidly, significant muscle artifact, and the suboptimal spatial resolution for seizure generators involving mesial frontal lobe cortex. Our aim in this study was to determine the value of visual interpretation of 76 channel high density EEG (hdEEG) monitoring (10-10 system) in patients with suspected frontal lobe epilepsy, and to evaluate concordance with MRI, subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM), conventional EEG, and intracranial EEG (iEEG). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 14 consecutive patients who underwent hdEEG monitoring for suspected frontal lobe seizures. The gold standard for localization was considered to be iEEG. Concordance of hdEEG findings with MRI, subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM), conventional 10–20 EEG, and iEEG as well as correlation of hdEEG localization with surgical outcome were examined. Results hdEEG localization was concordant with iEEG in 12/14 and was superior to conventional EEG 3/14 (p p =0.04) cases with conventional EEG. Seven patients underwent surgical resection, of whom five were seizure free. Conclusions hdEEG monitoring should be considered in patients with suspected frontal epilepsy requiring localization of epileptogenic brain. hdEEG may assist in developing a hypothesis for iEEG monitoring and could potentially augment EEG source localization.
Changes in bacterial epidemiology and antibiotic resistance among veterans with spinal cord injury/disorder over the past 9 years

Objective: Patients with spinal cord injury and disorder (SCI/D) have an increased risk of infection with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. We described bacterial epidemiology and resistance in p...
Videography-Based Unconstrained Video Analysis

Video analysis and understanding play a central role in visual intelligence. In this paper, we aim to analyze unconstrained videos, by designing features and approaches to represent and analyze videography styles in the videos. Videography denotes the process of making videos. The unconstrained videos are defined as the long duration consumer videos that usually have diverse editing artifacts and significant complexity of contents. We propose to construct a videography dictionary , which can be utilized to represent every video clip as a sequence of videography words. In addition to semantic features, such as foreground object motion and camera motion, we also incorporate two novel interpretable features to characterize videography, including the scale information and the motion correlations. We then demonstrate that, by using statistical analysis methods, the unique videography signatures extracted from different events can be automatically identified. For real-world applications, we explore the use of videography analysis for three types of applications, including content-based video retrieval, video summarization (both visual and textual), and videography-based feature pooling. In the experiments, we evaluate the performance of our approach and other methods on a large-scale unconstrained video dataset, and show that the proposed approach significantly benefits video analysis in various ways.
Shock-Duration Reduction as Negative Reinforcement

In two experiments, rats were shocked every 30 sec. Before a response, a bar press, shocks were long (2 sec); for 3 min after a response, shocks were short (0.1, 0.5, or 1 sec). When responding reduced shocks from 2 to 0.1 sec, bar pressing was acquired, and the shorter the shocks the more time spent with the short-shock condition in effect. In another procedure, the duration of individual shocks following a response was controlled so that the first shock was as long as those before the response (2 sec), but the remaining shocks in the 3-min period were short (0.1 sec). Bar pressing was maintained in some rats and acquired in others showing that, even when delayed, a reduction in shock duration is reinforcing. The latter findings question the generality of a two-factor, safety-signal interpretation of negative reinforcement. These results plus others imply that to predict responding in aversive situations it is necessary to integrate, for at least several minutes, the parameters of aversive events that follow a response.
Abstract 4934: Brain metastatic microenvironment reshapes cancer cell metabolism through epigenetic up-regulation of glutamate decarboxylase 1

Cancer metabolism has been well documented to influence primary tumor development. Yet, the role of deregulated metabolism in metastasis progression is not well understood. Based on a distinct metabolic transcriptome profile in brain metastases compared to their primary tumor counterparts, we hypothesized that metabolic transcriptome shifting during metastatic evolution is crucial for metastatic success to the brain. Here we show that, despite a global down-regulation of multiple metabolic pathways in the brain metastatic tumors, the expression of the GABA metabolic pathway mediator glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1) is significantly up-regulated. Using cell based co-culture models for different primary and brain metastatic microenvironments and in vivo brain metastasis models, we demonstrate that down-regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) induced by the brain microenvironment results in decreased GAD1 promoter methylation and subsequent up-regulation of GAD1 expression in tumor cells. To dynamically visualize the cellular metabolic responses mediated by GAD1, we utilized the Peredox biosensor to monitor the cytosolic NADH:NAD+ equilibrium in tumor cells using time-lapse imaging. By knocking down of GAD1 induced by primary glia cell co-culture, we abolished the capability of tumor cells to utilize extracellular glutamine, leading to an NADH accumulation in the cytosol and a more oxidative cellular status. Lastly, either loss of GAD1 genetically or targeting GABA metabolic pathway by the repurposing of a neurological drug, vigabatrin, results in a significant decrease in brain metastasis incidence. Taken together, our results demonstrated that brain microenvironment-specific metabolic shifting through GAD1 promoter de-methylation drives brain metastasis outgrowth. Citation Format: Patricia M. Schnepp, Dennis D. Lee, Ian H. Guldner, Treasa O9Tighearnaigh, Bhavana Palakurthi, Kaitlyn E. Eckert, Tiffany A. Toni, Brandon L. Ashfeld, Siyuan Zhang. Brain metastatic microenvironment reshapes cancer cell metabolism through epigenetic up-regulation of glutamate decarboxylase 1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4934. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4934
AgII-Mediated Synthesis of β-Fluoroketones by Oxidative Cyclopropanol Opening

A regioselective synthesis of β-fluorinated ketones via silver(II)-mediated ring opening is described. Commercially available AgF2 serves as both an oxidant and fluorine atom source. A variety of β-fluorinated ketones are efficiently prepared from tertiary cyclopropanol precursors, offering a straightforward approach for the introduction of a fluorine atom at a remote site. Selectivity is observed in the site of bond cleavage leading to fluorination at the more substituted site. A radical mediated sequential homolytic C-C bond cleavage and C-F bond formation is suggested.
Functional Impact of Chromatin Remodeling Gene Mutations and Predictive Signature for Therapeutic Response in Bladder Cancer

Urothelial carcinoma accounts for most of the bladder cancer cases. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, we found that a significant percentage (83%) of tumors had mutations in chromatin-remodeling genes. Here, we examined the functional relevance of mutations in two chromatin-remodeling genes, EP300 and its paralog, CREBBP, which are mutated in almost one-third of patients. Interestingly, almost half of missense mutations cluster in the histone-acetyltransferase (HAT) domain of EP300/CREBBP. This domain catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to target molecules such as histones, thereby regulating chromatin dynamics. Thus, patients with EP300 or CREBBP mutations may have alterations in the ability of the corresponding proteins to modify histone proteins and control transcriptional profiles. In fact, it was determined that many of the missense HAT mutations in EP300 (64%) and CREBBP (78%) were HAT-inactivating. These inactivating mutations also correlated with invasive disease in patients. Strikingly, the prediction software Mutation Assessor accurately predicted the functional consequences of each HAT missense mutation. Finally, a gene expression signature was developed that associated with loss of HAT activity and that this signature was associated with more aggressive cancer in four patient datasets. Further supporting the notion that this score accurately reflects HAT activity, we found it is responsive to treatment of cancer cells to mocetinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor.Implication: This study provides a rationale for targeted sequencing of EP300 and CREBBP and use of a gene profiling signature for predicting therapeutic response in patients. Mol Cancer Res; 16(1); 69-77. ©2017 AACR.
Mitochondrial Sterol Oxidation Marks the Spot

Maintenance of mitochondrial function during stress conditions is vital for cellular survival. In this issue of Molecular Cell, Nielson et al. (2017) characterize a unique domain within Vms1 that allows this protein quality control component to specifically recognize damaged or stressed compartments within the mitochondrial network.
A Proposed Social Mechanism for Community Membership: The Case of Online File Sharing Using Bittorrent

Most previous literature on virtual communities has taken a macro perspective viewing the virtual community as a whole instead of looking into the actions of individuals. This study offers a different perspective as it looks into a virtual community from the point of view of the individual. In so doing, we propose a social mechanism that concentrates on the actions of individuals leading up to and including their membership in a specific type of virtual community associated with the file sharing technology Bittorrent. A further analysis is then presented of a macro process which views the membership process as a whole and suggests there that outside forces of technology/community growth, ISP and CSP involvement, and diminishing experience with traditional media commerce further impact community membership.
SiRNA-Mediated Reduction of α-Actinin-1 Inhibits Pressure-Induced Murine Tumor Cell Wound Implantation and Enhances Tumor-Free Survival

Viable cancer cells can commonly be recovered from surgical sites and venous blood during tumor resection. The adhesion of these cells to surrounding tissues may impact patient outcomes. Iatrogenic exposure to increased extracellular pressure modulates integrin binding affinity and stimulates colon cancer cell adhesion in vitro through an alpha-actinin-1-dependent signaling pathway. We hypothesized that preoperative small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of alpha-actinin-1 in tumor tissue could disrupt pressure-stimulated cancer cell adhesion to murine surgical wounds and thereby enhance subsequent tumor-free survival. Reducing alpha-actinin-1 in CT26 murine adenocarcinoma cells blocked cell adhesion to collagen in vitro and similarly inhibited pressure-induced CT26 implantation in murine surgical wounds in vivo. Surgical wound contamination with pressure-activated CT26 cells significantly reduced tumor-free survival compared to contamination with tumor cells maintained under ambient pressure. However, mice treated with pressure-activated CT26 cells preoperatively transfected with alpha-actinin-1-specific small interfering RNA displayed reduced surgical site implantation and increased tumor-free survival compared to mice exposed to pressure-activated cells expressing normal levels of alpha-actinin-1 protein. These results suggest that pressure activation of malignant cells promotes tumor development and impairs tumor-free survival. alpha-Actinin-1 may be an effective therapeutic target to inhibit perioperative pressure-stimulated tumor cell implantation.
Ist Numerical Schemes for Nonlinear Evolution Equations of Physical Interest

This paper deals with numerical solutions of nonlinear evolution equations solvable by the inverse scattering transform (IST), namely the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS), the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and the modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) equations. These equations describe a wide class of physical phenomena (Ablowitz and Segur, 1981). Comparisons between schemes constructed by methods related to the IST and certain other known numerical methods (a) finite difference and (b) finite Fourier (pseudo-spectral) methods are obtained. Experiments have shown that the IST schemes compare very favorably with known numerical methods. In this paper a summary of the results of the performance of the 1ST schemes for the NLS and KdV equations will be discussed, and a new results of the performance of the IST scheme for the MKdV equation will be presented.
Sharing the ride: A paired-trip analysis of UberPool and Chicago Transit Authority services in Chicago, Illinois

Abstract Lyft Line and UberPool offer travelers lower prices than personal ride-hailing service in exchange for the ability of drivers to serve other passengers during the ride. The rising popularity of these ridesplitting services raises questions about the potential diversion of traffic from urban transit services. To help answer those questions, this study explores travel time and fare differences between UberPool and traditional transit service on 50 paired trips, between 3 and 11 miles long, in Chicago, Illinois. UberPool is found to reduce trip times by an average of 67.6% between neighborhoods, compared to just 13.7% to and from the central business district. Multiple regression analysis shows travel times on CTA and UberPool are similar for trips in which transit riders do not need to make transfers or walk long distances. Consumers save $1.29/minute when using UberPool on trips originating or terminating in the downtown district, compared to just $.38/minute on trips between neighborhoods. In both cases, the amount spent per minute saved exceeds the level the U.S. Department of Transportation recommends using when conducting analysis about the value transit users place on saving time.
Dimensional Models of Organization Structure: A Meta-Analysis of their Contemporary Relevance

Dimensional models of organization structure were once a mainstay of organization theory, but theorists now debate the relevance of these models in the current era of new organization forms. In thi...
Macronutrient Analysis of Modified-Fat Breast Milk Produced by 3 Methods of Fat Removal.

Background Infants with chylothorax after congenital heart disease surgery are commonly treated using modified-fat breast milk. The effect of fat removal on breast milk macronutrients remains unclear. We compared macronutrient content of breast milk with breast milk skimmed using 3 methods, including a novel device, a cream separator. Methods Thawed frozen breast milk samples from 30 women were defatted using refrigerated centrifuge, cream separator, and manual separation after refrigeration. We used standard assays to measure energy, protein, and fat content of breast milk samples. Results All fat removal methods yielded skimmed breast milk with substantially lower fat and energy content. Mean energy content in breast milk skimmed by centrifuge (36.7 [SD 3.6] kcal/100 mL) was similar to that from cream separator (38.8 [3.5] kcal/100 mL). Both centrifuge and cream separator methods removed almost all fat and substantially more fat than the manual fat removal method. For unprocessed milk, energy and fat content estimated by creamatocrit was similar to reference method measurements; in skimmed milk, the creamatocrit significantly overestimated fat content. Mean protein content of skimmed breast milk was similar to unprocessed breast milk (mean 1.25 [0.31] g/100 mL). Conclusion Breast milk fat removal did not significantly alter protein levels. In skimmed breast milk, the overestimation of fat content using creamatocrit method suggests a need for more accurate bedside methods to assess macronutrient content. The similar macronutrient composition of breast milk skimmed by cream separator and centrifuge suggests the potential for cream separator use as a new, portable defatting method for hospitals and families.
The influence of Ag doping on structrual and electrical resistivity properties of Y 3 Ba 5 Cu 8 O 18 high temperature superconducting alloys

This research paper describes the synthesis of a series of Y-based superconducting alloys doped with Ag oxide. The Y3Ba5Cu8–xAgxO18–d superconducting alloys were synthesized by Gholipour et al. (2012), Tavana et al. (2010) and Khosroabadi et al. (2014) using sol-gel reaction technique. In the present research Y3Ba5Cu8–xAgxO18–d superconducting alloys were synthesized by solid state reaction technique. These alloys were investigated by using X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image and the electrical resistivity, ρ, measurements. The ρ measurements above room temperature of Y358 alloys shows metal behavior in the normal state. The YBCO alloy family was exposed having the CuO2 planes and the Cu-O chains. Increasing the number of the CuO2 planes and the position of the Cu-O chains have positive effects on the significance of the transition temperature in the Y-based alloys. The X-ray diffraction patterns were accepted by Joint Committee of Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDD) database software, which the Ag ions substitute in symmetrical phase of the alloy. The replacement of the Ag ions in the CuO2 plane of symmetric phase has been associated with the Ag ions in the Y123 alloys, which replace in the Cu-O chain. The ρ of these alloys were measured employing four-probe point technique and the r(T) curves agreed the transition temperature develops above 100 K.
Anastrozole-induced Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Rare Complication of Breast Cancer Therapy.

Background Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an extremely rare complication of anastrozole therapy. It presents with elevated liver function tests. The diagnosis is established by detecting high titers of autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, anti-smooth muscle antibodies, and elevated immunoglobulins. It is confirmed with a liver biopsy showing interface rosetting and an increased number of plasma cells. Early diagnosis of anastrozole-induced AIH is important because it allows anastrozole to be discontinued and immunomodulatory treatment to be promptly initiated. Case report We present the case of a 71-year-old female patient diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer. The patient developed AIH as a result of treatment with anastrozole. Its clinicopathological presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are reviewed. Conclusion This case report intends to make clinicians aware of this rare complication of anastrozole therapy. AIH should be suspected in any patient on anastrozole (and possibly, other aromatase inhibitors) who develops elevated liver function tests.
Improvement of diastolic dysfunction after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy

Introduction Impaired systolic cardiac function in patients with ischemic cardiac disease is well known. Diastolic cardiac dysfunction is also found in these patients, so we aimed to show whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) could improve diastolic function. Patients and methods Twenty patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy (with cardiac ejection fraction Results Before PCI 60% of patients (12 patients) showed nonrestrictive filling pattern and 40% of patients (eight patients) showed restrictive filling pattern. Following PCI, diastolic function showed an improvement in most patients with only two patients still having an restrictive filling pattern. In addition, after revascularization, most parameters of pulsed wave Doppler of diastolic function improved significantly. Conclusion Ischemic heart disease patients with impaired systolic function had marked improvement of diastolic dysfunction and all parameters of the diastolic filling pattern after PCI.
Relative and Absolute Structure Assignments of Alkenes Using Crystalline Osmate Derivatives for X-ray Analysis

Osmium tetroxide and TMEDA form stable crystalline adducts with alkenes. The structure of liquid alkenes can be determined through the X-ray analysis of these derivatives. Osmium, a heavy atom, facilitates the crystallographic analysis and the determination of the absolute configuration using common Mo X-ray sources. The utility of this method for assigning structures and absolute configurations was demonstrated on a number of unsaturated substrates that include simple alkenes, enones, enol ethers, and silyl enol ethers.
Time of day differences in neural reward responsiveness in children

The Reward Positivity (∆RewP) event-related potential (ERP), generally quantified as the difference between neural responsiveness to monetary gains (RewP-Gain) and losses (RewP-Loss) is commonly used as an index of neural reward responsiveness. Despite the popularity of this ERP component in studies of reward processing, knowledge about the role of state-related influences on the ∆RewP is limited. The present study examined whether ∆RewP amplitudes may differ based on when during the day they are assessed and whether age or sex would moderate this link. Participants were 188 children between the ages of 7 and 11 (47.3% female) without a lifetime history of a major depressive disorder or any anxiety disorder recruited from the community. Children completed the Doors task during which continuous electroencephalography was recorded to isolate the ∆RewP. To better isolate this ERP component from other temporally or spatially overlapping ERPs, we used temporospatial principal component analysis. We found that time of day (ToD) differences in the ∆RewP amplitude varied based on children's age. Specifically, older, compared to younger, children exhibited stronger responses to gains versus losses between 11:15 a.m. and 12:30 p.m. and after around 5:15 p.m. Further, these age-related differences appeared to be driven specifically by older children's reduced neural responsiveness to losses. The findings have methodological implications by highlighting the importance of accounting for the ToD at which ∆RewP-focused study sessions are conducted as well as for demographic characteristics of the participants, such as their age.