cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human Liver Estrogen Sulfotransferase: Identification by cDNA Cloning and Expression

Abstract Sulfation is an important pathway in the biotransformation of steroid hormones such as estrogens. Human liver contains three well-characterized sulfotransferase (ST) enzymes, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) ST and two forms of phenol sulfotransferase (PST). Although two of these enzymes, DHEA ST and one form of PST, can catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estrogens, our goal was to test the hypothesis that human liver might also contain a distinct estrogen ST (EST). We used the PCR to clone a human liver EST cDNA by utilizing degenerate oligonucleotide primers designed on the basis of highly conserved EST sequences in non-human species to amplify a 512 nucleotide portion of the open reading frame (ORF) with single-stranded human liver cDNA as a template. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) was then used to obtain the 5′- and 3′-ends of the EST cDNA. The ORF of this cDNA consisted of 882 nucleotides and encoded 294 amino acids. The protein encoded by the human liver EST cDNA was 81%, 73%, and 72% identical to the amino acid sequences of guinea pig adrenocortical, bovine placental and rat liver ESTs, respectively. Human liver EST transiently expressed in COS-1 cells was capable of catalyzing the sulfation of estrone, DHEA and 4-nitrophenol, but not that of dopamine. The expressed human liver EST was also characterized with regard to thermal stability, inhibition by 2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenol (DCNP) and response to NaCl. Identification of human liver EST by cloning and expression of its cDNA should enhance understanding of the enzymology and regulation of the biotransformation of estrogens and other steroids in humans.
On optimal thermal control of an idealized room including hard limits on zone-temperature and a max-control cost term

We study an open-loop optimal control problem for energy efficient cooling of a simple room. The goal is to provide insights for the development of an implementable control scheme based on a Model Predictive Control strategy. The cost function includes a non-standard Mayer-term F(maxt u(t)); that is, a term depending on the peak value of the control. Comfort requirements are imposed as state inequality constraints.
A precipitin for human serum proteins as released under stress by a marine invertebrate, the marsh snail, littorina irrorata

Abstract A substance released into the environment by stressed marsh snails, Littorina irrorata , precipitates with the beta globulin and albumin fractions of human serum proteins. Other diverse invertebrate species may produce a similar substance. Invertebrate precipitins have not been widely reported, and none like the one described. Some physicochemical and adaptive characteristics of the snail precipitin are presented. This precipitin can be produced in large quantities and has potential application as a diagnostic reagent.
Ultrasonic Attenuation by Electrons in Metals

The calculation of ultrasonic attenuation is discussed for arbitrary frequency and band structure. The results are applied to the cases of a metal with a spherical energy surface and a semimetal with electrons in two "valleys." Possible experimental uses are pointed out. The occurrence of saturation is discussed. The acoustoelectric effect is also treated by similar methods and is seen to be closely related to the attenuation.
Routes to chaos of a pendulum with vertically rotating pivot

Abstract Each blade of a mechanical shredder may be modeled by a pendulum whose pivot rotates in a vertical circle with angular speed Ω. It is well known from field tests that small oscillations about radial lines, which are stable at high operating speed, degenerate into disordered motion when speeds become low enough after the machine is shut off. The transition to chaos of small periodic motion about radial lines as the driving speed of the pivot is reduced is investigated for several values of the system parameters. Numerical methods are used to obtain time histories, Poincare maps, response curves and frequency spectra. The harmonic balance method is used to obtain response curves for oscillatory periodic solutions, whose stability is determined by the Floquet method. In the undamped case, instability associated with pitchfork or tangent bifurcations precedes chaos. When damping is introduced, additional routes involving intermittency and period-doubling cascades may precede chaotic motion characterized by strange attractors.
Modeling of thermally driven hydrological processes in partially saturated fractured rock

[1] This paper is a review of the research that led to an in-depth understanding of flow and transport processes under strong heat stimulation in fractured, porous rock. It first describes the anticipated multiple processes that come into play in a partially saturated, fractured porous volcanic tuff geological formation when it is subject to a heat source such as that originating from the decay of radionuclides. The rationale is then given for numerical modeling being a key element in the study of multiple processes that are coupled. The paper outlines how the conceptualization and the numerical modeling of the problem evolved, progressing from the simplified to the more realistic. Examples of numerical models are presented so as to illustrate the advancement and maturation of the research over the last 2 decades. The most recent model applied to in situ field thermal tests is characterized by (1) incorporation of a full set of thermal-hydrological processes into a numerical simulator, (2) realistic representation of the field test geometry in three dimensions, and (3) use of site-specific characterization data for model inputs. Model predictions were carried out prior to initiation of data collection, and the model results were compared to diverse sets of measurements. The approach of close integration between modeling and field measurements has yielded a better understanding of how coupled thermal hydrological processes produce redistribution of moisture within the rock, which affects local permeability values and subsequently the flow of liquid and gases. The fluid flow, in turn, will change the temperature field. We end with a note on future research opportunities, specifically those incorporating chemical, mechanical, and microbiological factors into the study of thermal and hydrological processes.
Electroclinic liquid crystals for analog gray scale displays and devices

Chiral smectic A liquid crystals with large electroclinic coefficients and fast response times have been developed. The capability of achieving the optimum tilt angle of 22.5 degrees for applied fields less than 3V/micrometer, opens up the possibility developing silicon based high-resolution reflective displays without compromising on resolution and speed.
Structure of REC2, a recombinational repair gene of Ustilago maydis, and its function in homologous recombination between plasmid and chromosomal sequences.

Abstract Mutation in the REC2 gene of Ustilago maydis leads to defects in DNA repair, recombination, and meiosis. Analysis of the primary sequence of the Rec2 protein reveals a region with significant homology to bacterial RecA protein and to the yeast recombination proteins Dmc1, Rad51, and Rad57. This homologous region in the U. maydis Rec2 protein was found to be functionally sensitive to mutation, lending support to the hypothesis that Rec2 has a functional RecA-like domain essential for activity in recombination and repair. Homologous recombination between plasmid and chromosomal DNA sequences is reduced substantially in the rec2 mutant following transformation. The frequency can be restored to a level approaching, but not exceeding, that observed in the wild-type strain if transformation is performed with cells containing multiple copies of REC2.
Formulating a Policy Response: Comment on Calvo, Leiderman, and Reinhart

FOLLOWING THEIR examination of the role of external factors in the revival of international capital inflows to Latin America, Calvo, Leiderman, and Reinhart (CLR) review the policy responses available to governments.' While acknowledging the contribution of improved economic performance, their focus on exogenous influences leads them to concentrate on the dangers of "excessive" influxes of short-term funds. With market failures quite able to generate the excess, the dangers of real exchange rate appreciation, poor intermediation of large-scale flows, and the threat of rapid reversal are clear. From this perspective, CLR examine different policy options for their effectiveness either in limiting the inflows or in neutralizing their effects. This note argues that the policies discussed are misleadingly treated as alternatives when, owing to substantial differences in principle, their appropriate application would be to very different policy objectives. It is suggested here that if recipient economies are to benefit from the inflows, while managing the risks that preoccupy CLR, a sequence or combination of policies may need to be applied. Beginning with the problem of "excessive" inflows induced by market failure, those failures associated with variable government credibility in the context of counterinflationary policy may be usefully singled out. Lack of confidence in the durability of contractionary monetary policies may prevent rapid downward adjustment in domestic wages and prices. The resulting high short-term interest rates, however, may attract speculative inflows based on the judgment that, at least temporarily, the exchange rate will be maintained. Whatever their detailed merits, two of the policies discussed by CLR would be relevant in helping to sustain
A nuclear magnetic resonance study of dynamics in toluene‐polyisobutylene solutions: 1. Penetrant diffusion and Fujita theory

The self-diffusion coefficients of toluene in polyisobutylene (PIB) solutions were determined using the pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance technique. The volume fraction of toluene in the polymer was varied from 0.045 up to 0.712 and the temperature was varied from 225 K up to 368 K. The concentration dependence of the data was interpreted using the Fujita free volume theory and the temperature dependence was interpreted with the WLF equation. These models describe separately the concentration and temperature dependencies of the toluene self-diffusion coefficients very well and the resulting free volume parameters are in good agreement with the ones extracted from the analysis of viscosity data on the same system. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having and Being

I. CONSUMERS IN THE MARKETPLACE. 1. Consumers Rule. II. CONSUMERS AS INDIVIDUALS. 2. Perception. 3. Learning and Memory. 4. Motivation and Values. 5. The Self. 6. Personality and Lifestyles. 7. Attitudes. 8. Attitude Change and Interactive Communications. III. CONSUMERS AS DECISION MAKERS. 9. Individual Decision Making. 10. Buying and Disposing. 11. Group Influence and Opinion Leadership. 12. Organizational and Household Decision Making. IV. CONSUMERS AND SUBCULTURES. 13. Income and Social Class. 14. Ethnic, Racial, and Religious Subcultures. 15. Age Subcultures. V. CONSUMERS AND CULTURE. 16. Cultural Influences on Consumer Behavior. 17. The Creation and Diffusion of Consumer Culture.
Designing of Shielded Two Coupled Striplines with Finite Element Method

In this paper, we will illustrate designing of shielded two coupled stripline structures using finite element method (FEM). We present the designing of shielded two vertically coupled striplines and shielded two coupled striplines embedded in a dielectric material. We specifically determine the capacitance per unit length of shielded two coupled striplines. Excellent agreement with results obtained by previous investigators is demonstrated.
Dipyridamole Myocardial Perfusion Imaging

Dipyridamole is a pharmacologic stressor used in place of exercise for myocardial perfusion imaging in patients who cannot exercise due to various physical limitations. Perfusion studies with dipyridamole can identify coronary artery disease (CAD) as accurately as maximal exercise stress testing. In addition, dipyridamole myocardial perfusion studies are useful to stratify patients according to risk of subsequent cardiac events. As dipyridamole is infused, it blocks the reabsorption and metabolism of adenosine normally produced in the body, producing the desired effect on the heart, coronary hyperemia. Dipyridamole can be used with 201Tl and 99mTc myocardial perfusion tracers, for either planar or SPECT imaging, in patients who cannot exercise or who can only exercise at submaximal levels.
Trade Disputes and the Implementation of Protection under the GATT: An Empirical Assessment

Abstract This paper is a first attempt to empirically determine why countries choose to violate or adhere to GATT rules when making trade policy adjustments between negotiating rounds. We use a previously unexploited set of data in which countries implemented two ‘types’ of protection under the GATT system between 1973 and 1994: (i) ‘legal’ protection in which countries utilized the GATT’s safeguards provisions; and (ii) ‘illegal’ protection in which the protection was provided outside of the safeguards provisions, resulting in a formal trade dispute. We find substantial evidence that concerns for retaliation affect government policy decisions in ways which contribute to the explanation of the existence of trade disputes.
Cross-linguistic differences and their impact on L2 sentence processing

Using a self-paced reading task, the present study investigates how highly proficient second language (L2) speakers of German with English as their native language process unambiguous wh-subject-extractions and wh-object-extractions in German. Previous monolingual research has shown that English and German exhibit different processing preferences for the type of wh-question under investigation, due in part to the robust case-marking system in German – a morphosyntactic feature that is largely absent in English (e.g., Juffs and Harrington, 1995; Fanselow, Kliegl and Schlesewsky 1999; Meng and Bader, 2000; Juffs, 2005). The results revealed that the L2 German speakers utilized case-marking information and exhibited a subject-preference similar to German native speakers. These findings are discussed in light of relevant research regarding the ability of L2 speakers to adopt native-like processing strategies in their L2.
Loss of Vascular Regulation by Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Is Emerging as a Key Target of the Hypertensive Disease Process

The soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC) is well established as a primary target for the actions of NO. It is a key regulator of vascular smooth muscle force and growth through its production of cGMP. In this issue of Hypertension , Kloss et al1 provide evidence that aged hypertensive rats have decreased levels of an mRNA-binding protein human R (HuR), which stabilizes the mRNA for the subunits of sGC and enables expression of this important enzyme. Previous work from this group showed how the HuR protein functions to stabilize the mRNA for sGC2 and that the expression of HuR is controlled by the availability of cGMP, whereas cGMP appears to inhibit the expression of this mRNA-stabilizing protein.3 Because hypertension is thought to generally decrease sGC expression and the stimuli for sGC activation,4,5⇓ the decrease in HuR expression is likely to be through a mechanism that is independent of the previously identified interactions of cGMP with …
Optimal bidirectional spine layout for overhead material handling systems

Overhead automated material handling systems have become the only material handling solution in semiconductor fabs to achieve zero footprint material handling in the expensive cleanroom floor. This paper provides two rectilinear layout configurations, single-spine and double-spine, for overhead track design. Given the locations of loadports and a pod from-to flow matrix, we determine the rectilinear layout of material flow systems with the objective of minimizing the total loaded travel distances. The optimal single-spine problem can be transformed to a known single-facility layout problem and solved with a linear-time algorithm. The optimal double-spine layout is obtained from the optimal single X-spine and Y-spine and is formulated as an allocation problem. We demonstrate the system designs by a numerical example. The resulting spine layouts are then compared with the Minimum Rectilinear Steiner Tree (MRST) and Shortest Rectilinear Flow Network (SRFN) layouts. MRST layout provides the shortest track length while the SRFN layout guarantees the shortest flow distances. The result shows that spine layout is a potential track layout pattern with respect to simplicity, track lengths and flow distances for overhead flow systems.
Chemical Diffusion in Polycrystalline Al2O3

Chemical diffusion in poly crystalline α-Al2O3 doped with Ti or Fe was studied through the movement of a color front on oxidation of reduced samples. The diffusion is faster in polycrystal-line than in single-crystal material. The oxygen pressure dependence of the rate of diffusion indicates that neutral interstitial oxygen is the major mobile species at the grain boundaries. A theory is presented which accounts for the data and explains the difference in the rates of oxidation and reduction and their dependence on oxygen pressure. Grain boundaries with precipitates of FeAl2O4 or TiAl2O5 appear to transport oxygen faster than clean boundaries.
Genetic evidence for speciation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae)

Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, and ruderal populations from Eastern Europe. The indica gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from eastern Asia, narrow-leafleted drug strains from southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America, wide-leafleted drug strains from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and feral populations from India and Nepal. A third putative gene pool includes ruderal populations from Central Asia. None of the previous taxonomic concepts that were tested adequately circumscribe the sativa and indica gene pools. A polytypic concept of Cannabis is proposed, which recognizes three species, C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis, and seven putative taxa.
Components, Data, and Testing

The three major structural elements making up a populated circuit card in electronics packaging are the module, leads, and the printed circuit card. “Module” as a generic name will be used in this book for all sorts of components attached to a circuit card. For their mechanical roles, featured in this book, modules are characterized by elastic, mass and strength properties. Some of these properties, along with the test procedures followed to obtain them, are considered in this chapter. Special attention is paid to solder, the ubiquitous material of interconnections. Plated through holes of multilayer circuit boards will be treated in Chapter 13. Mass considerations will be included in Chapter 12, in connection with dynamic effects.
Reducing off‐resonance distortion by echo‐time interpolation

Off-resonant spins, produced by chemical shift, tissue-susceptibility differences, or main-field inhomogeneity, can cause blurring or shifts, severely compromising the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance images. To mitigate these off-resonance effects, the authors propose a technique whereby two images are acquired at different echo times (TEs) and interpolated to produce a single image with dramatically-reduced blurring. The phase difference of these two images is not used to produce a field map; instead, the weighted complex-valued average of the two images is used to produce a single image. Previously-described methods reconstruct a set of preliminary images, each at a different off-resonant frequency, and then assemble these into one final image, choosing the best off-resonant frequency for each voxel. Compared to these methods, the proposed technique requires the same or less processing time and is much less sensitive to errors in the field map. This technique was applied to centric-ordered EPI but it can be applied to any imaging trajectory, including one-shot EPI, spiral imaging, projection-reconstruction imaging, and 2D GRASE. Magn Reson Med 45:269-276, 2001.
Microsoft Excel sensitivity analysis for linear and stochastic program feed formulation

Abstract Sensitivity analysis is a part of mathematical programming solutions and is used in making nutritional and economic decisions for a given feed formulation problem. The terms shadow price and reduced cost are familiar linear program (LP) terms to feed formulators. Because of the nonlinear nature of stochastic programming (SP), different methods and terminology are used to define shadow prices and reduced costs. The Lagrange multiplier is used instead of shadow price to describe marginal value of nutrients. Reduced gradient is used instead of reduced cost to describe the price at which ingredients not used in the formulation would be included in the solution. A spreadsheet feed problem was set up with 11 ingredients and 11 constraints. The LP and SP solutions were determined using the Excel Solver algorithm. Two problems compared LP and SP solutions at 50 and 69% probabilities for the protein constraint. All other constraints were held at a 50% probability. Results for the 50% probability comparison showed that the feed formulations, as expected, were the same for both LP and SP. Wheat was not included in the solution. The LP reduced cost and the SP reduced gradient for unused wheat were equivalent. The LP shadow prices and the SP Lagrange multipliers were equivalent. Results for the 69% probability problem showed a difference in the formulated rations. The LP reduced cost was $34.25 and the SP reduced cost was $34.52, showing the respective amounts that the cost of wheat would have to be reduced to be included in the solution. The shadow price and the Lagrange multiplier were $2.73 and $2.71, respectively, for the amount of increase in diet cost that could be expected by a unit of change in the protein requirement. Some differences in precision were noted with the results. A caveat is that, because of nonlinearity, sensitivity analysis for SP is valid only for the single point of the optimal solution.
The Death of Francisco Arana: A Turning Point in the Guatemalan Revolution

In the late morning of 18 July 1949, several armed men sped from Guatemala City in two cars. Near a small bridge, the Puente de la Gloria, they waited for Francisco Arana, Chief of the Armed Forces of Guatemala. They did not have to wait for long. As Arana and his three companions approached the Puente de la Gloria, ‘there was, on the other side, a grey Dodge, because of which, seeing that it was impossible to cross the bridge, Col. Arana stopped the car’.1 A brief shoot-out ensued. Arana lay dead. There was no investigation of his murder. His assassins were never apprehended.
Adaptive block rearrangement algorithms for video-on-demand server

Video-on-demand (VOD) is increasingly becoming one of the most important and successful services due to the recent advances in storage subsystems, compression technology and, networking. Therefore, the investigation of various alternatives to improve the performance of VOD servers has become a major research focus. The reduction of disk access time through intelligent data placement strategies is one such avenue and is the theme of this paper: Movie rental patterns indicate that accesses to movies are highly localized with only a small number of movies receiving most of the accesses. In this paper we exploit the access patterns and propose an adaptive rearrangement of the blocks on each disk within the server. With this approach, the blocks of the movies with comparable access frequencies are kept closer to each other We analyze two rearrangement schemes, called centered and sequential. In the centered layout, blocks are placed according to their access patterns starting with the most popular movie at the center. The sequential layout places movies in the order of their popularity starting at the edge of the disk. We compare and evaluate, through an intensive simulation study, the effectiveness of these layouts with respect to arbitrary layouts. The simulation results indicate that significant disk improvements could be attained by adopting the proposed schemes, and that the centered layout is the best performer.
Review of Nine Species of North Atlantic Eustomias, Subgenus Dinematochirus (Pisces: Stomiidae), with the Description of Two New Species

Abstract Fourteen species of Eustomias with two pectoral fin rays and short, branched barbels have been described from the North Atlantic, most of them based on single specimens. All but six of these nomimal species have at one time or another been placed in the synonymy of one of the others. Examination of many more specimens indicates that 11 of the 14 are valid species. Two of these have been reviewed previously. Of the nine considered here, Eustomias bigelowi, E. fissibarbis, E. macronema, E. satterleei, and E. schmidti are each represented by numerous specimens from throughout much of the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. Eustomias binghami, E. paucifilis, E. silvescens, and E. triramis, some still represented by only one or a few specimens, are apparently confined to restricted areas of the North Atlantic. Two new species are described: E. borealis from the North Atlantic and E. curtifilis from the South Atlantic.
Hypothyroidism incidence after multimodality treatment for stage III and IV squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.

Abstract Purpose: Treatment of head-and-neck cancer patients with surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy has been associated with posttherapy hypothyroidism (HT). We evaluated the rate of posttherapy HT in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, treated with multimodality therapy to determine which factors might predict this condition and at what interval the condition developed. Methods: We reviewed the prospectively collected thyroid function data of patients treated with sequential chemotherapy, RT, and neck dissection. The incidence of posttherapy HT was estimated. The patient, tumor, and treatment factors possibly associated with HT were evaluated. Results: Of 203 patients, 118 had data adequate for evaluation. HT developed in 45% at a median of 24.4 months after therapy. HT occurred in 14% and 27% of patients at 6 months and 1 year after treatment, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses of sex, age, RT dose, RT fractionation, T and N stage, tumor site, and neck dissection failed to identify a clinically relevant risk factor. Conclusions: A high number of patients undergoing aggressive organ-sparing multimodality therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck are at risk for subsequent HT. We recommend that all patients definitively irradiated to the head and neck region undergo frequent serum thyroid-stimulating hormone screening for HT, beginning 6 months after RT.
Propagation and neural regulation of calcium waves in longitudinal and circular muscle layers of guinea pig small intestine.

Background & Aims: The relative movements of longitudinal muscle (LM) and circular muscle (CM) and the role that nerves play in coordinating their activities has been a subject of controversy. We used fluorescent video imaging techniques to study the origin and propagation of excitability simultaneously in LM and CM of the small intestine. Methods: Opened segments of guinea pig ileum were loaded with the Ca 21 indicator fluo-3. Mucosal reflexes were elicited by lightly depressing the mucosa with a sponge. Results: Spontaneous Ca 21 waves occurred frequently in LM (1.2 s 21 ) and less frequently in CM (3.2 min 21 ). They originated from discrete pacing sites and propagated at rates 8‐9 times faster parallel (LM, 87 mm/s; CM, 77 mm/s) compared with transverse to the long axis of muscle fibers. The presence of Ca 21 waves in one muscle layer did not affect the origin, rate of conduction, or range of propagation in the other layer. The extent of propagation was limited by collisions with neighboring waves or recently excited regions. Simultaneous excitation of both muscle layers could be elicited by mucosal stimulation of either ascending or descending reflex pathways. Neural excitation resulted in an increase in the frequency of Ca 21 waves and induction of new pacing sites without eliciting direct coupling between layers. Conclusions: Localized, spontaneous Ca 21 waves occur independently in both muscle layers, promoting mixing (pendular or segmental) movements, whereas activation of neural reflexes stimulates Ca 21 waves synchronously in both layers, resulting in strong peristaltic or propulsive movements.
Complexity in classificatory reasoning

Classificatory reasoning involves the tasks of concept evaluation and classification, which may be performed with use of the strategies of concept matching and concept activation, respectively. Different implementations of the strategies of concept matching and concept activation are possible, where an implementation is characterized by the organization of knowledge and the control of information processing it uses. In this paper we define the tasks of concept evaluation and classification, and describe the strategies of concept matching and concept activation. We then derive the computational complexity of the tasks using different implementations of the task-specific strategies. We show that the complexity of performing a task is determined by the organization of knowledge used in performing it. Further, we suggest that the implementation that is computationally the most efficient for performing a task may be cognitively the most plausible as well.
Ultrashort Pulse Multiphoton Ionization of Xenon at Moderate Pressures

Multiphoton ionization is investigated in xenon with 620 nm pulses. Near saturated ionization is observed at 2 x 1013 W/cm2 using 0.9 psec pulses and 6 x 1013 W/cm2 using 90 fsec pulses.
Synthesis and characterization of the lithium organoargentate salts [Li(THF)4][Ag(Triph)2]·THF and [Li(THF)4][Ag(C6H3-2,6-Mes2)2]·1/8OEt2 (Triph=–C6H2-2,4,6-Ph3; Mes=C6H2-2,4,6-Me3)

Abstract The synthesis and structural characterization of the new metal–terphenyl derivatives [Li(THF) 4 ][Ag(Triph) 2 ]·THF ( 1 , Triph=C 6 H 2 -2,4,6-Ph 3 ) and [Li(THF) 4 ][Ag(C 6 H 3 -2,6-Mes 2 ) 2 ]·1/8 Et 2 O ( 2 , Mes=C 6 H 2 -2,4,6-Me 3 ) are described. Both compounds crystallize as solvent separated ion pairs that are composed of THF solvated Li + cations and argentate anions. The Li + cations are approximately tetrahedrally coordinated by four THFs in both structures. The silvers are essentially linearly coordinated by ipso -carbons of the aryl ligands with Ag–C distances in the range 2.048(15) to 2.112(10) A with an average distance near 2.10 A. These bond lengths clearly demonstrate that silver terphenyl complexes have a metal carbon distance that is ca. 0.2 A longer than those in related copper complexes. Crystal data at 130 K with Cu–K α ( λ =1.54178 A) radiation: 1 , a =14.440(3), b =18.670(4), c =21.550(4) A, β =104.25(3)°, Z =4, monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , R 1 =0.0741 for 4589 ( I >2( σ ) I ) data, 2 , a =22.395(5), b =16.262(3), c =33.877(7) A, β =104.79(3)°, Z =8, monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , R 1 =0.1288 for 7553 ( I >2( σ )) data.
An optimized interestingness hotspot discovery framework for large gridded spatio-temporal datasets

We define interestingness hotspots as contiguous regions in space which are interesting based on a domain expert's notion of interestingness captured by an interestingness function. This paper centers on finding interestingness hotspots on very large gridded datasets which are quite common in scientific computing. Mining large gridded datasets with a lot of variables and measurements requires a scalable framework that can process large amounts of data in an efficient way. In our recent work, we proposed a computational framework which discovers interestingness hotspots in gridded datasets using a 3-step approach which consists of seeding, hotspot growing and post-processing steps. In this paper, we significantly improve the efficiency of the framework by utilizing parallel processing and employing more efficient data structures and algorithms. We propose a novel heap-based hotspot growing algorithm which brings down the cost of hotspot growing phase significantly. In addition, we propose a graph-based preprocessing algorithm which decreases the number of hotspots grown by merging some hotspot seeds. Other improvements to the framework involve incremental calculation of interestingness functions, and growing hotspots in parallel. The improved framework is evaluated in a case study for a very large 4-dimensional gridded air pollution dataset in which we find interestingness hotspots with respect to pollutants.
Correlation of Clinical, Operative, and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Interdigital Neuroma and the Cost of Routine Diagnosis:

Background:Diagnosis of an interdigital neuroma (IDN) is clinically based on patient symptoms. During operative excision, it is common to send the excised specimen for routine histopathologic exami...
Hyalinized Renal Arterioles and the Maleness Coronary Risk Factor

The two aspects of fibroplastic coronary intimai thickening, those linked to CT and FC, relate asymmetrically to the renovasculopathies, Ra and Fly. Ra associates chiefly with the CT-linked aspect and Hy with the FC-linked aspect of coronary fibroplasia. Since the FC-linked aspect is the more ominous type, it appears that Hy is the more ominous kind of microvasculopathy. The association of Hy with FC seems to happen exclusively in men, and is statistically sufficient to “explain” the maleness risk factor for coronary atheroma.
Exotic mineals or ostrich gastroliths. An alternative explanation for some early evidence of Hominin non-utilitarian behavior at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa

Identifying the onset of symbolic or non-utilitarian behavior remains one of the most important issues in the moder human origins debate, and as such early evidencerequires careful scrutiny. "Exotic minerals" dating to >350 ka are one of several possible indications of hominin non-utilitarian behavior from Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa. Ecological data suggest an alternate hypothesis that these "exotic minerals" are ostrich gastroliths accidentally introduced into the cave rather than the result of hominin collection and transport.
NoTel (A): Speak to Me

Todd Thompson, an equity researcher at Strategic Investment (SI), is using his Friday train ride home to work on his earnings model for a FirstCall note. He checks in with his client, Charles Buron, to run his estimate and get some feedback. He has developed a good working relationship with Buron, an investor-relations manager at NoTel. Buron cuts the call short and warns Thompson that one of his firm's institutional salespeople has leaked the model numbers to his clients. Even more disturbing is that SI is going to put out an earnings model at a much lower figure than the company expects. Thompson needs guidance from Buron. If he comes out with a note that contradicts NoTel's model, it could create a stir in the investment community. Thompson's contact at NoTel has always provided guidance, but that relationship has been compromised by the information Thompson's institutional colleague has leaked to Vanguard and TRI-CREF. Moreover, Thompson has been invited to present his model to the client's brass on Wednesday. He needs the feedback from Buron. Thompson has to decide what his next step should be. This case offers an opportunity to discuss problems and issues surrounding managing communications and client relationships. See also the B case, NoTel: Stop Talking (B) (UVA-BC-0181).
A Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection and Quantification of Epizootic Epitheliotropic Disease Virus (EEDV; Salmonid Herpesvirus 3)

AbstractEpizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV; salmonid herpesvirus [SalHV3]; family Alloherpesviridae) causes a systemic disease of juvenile and yearling Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush. No cell lines are currently available for the culture and propagation of EEDV, so primary diagnosis is limited to PCR and electron microscopy. To better understand the pervasiveness of EEDV (carrier or latent state of infection) in domesticated and wild Lake Trout populations, we developed a sensitive TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay to detect the presence of the EEDV terminase gene in Lake Trout tissues. This assay was able to detect a linear standard curve over nine logs of plasmid dilution and was sensitive enough to detect single-digit copies of EEDV. The efficiency of the PCR assay was 99.4 ± 0.06% (mean ± SD), with a 95% confidence limit of 0.0296 (R2 = 0.994). Methods were successfully applied to collect preliminary data from a number of species and water bodies in the states of Pennsylvania, New York,...
Ultra-low expansion glass from gels

Pyrolysis of mixed titanium and silicon metal halides produces a commercial glass (7.4% TiO2) with ultra-low thermal expansion that is essentially zero over the temperature range of 0 to 300°C. A colloidal particulate gel process involving potassium silicate, titania sol and formamide gel reagent was found to produce glass compositions with similar low expansion behavior. Due to the strongly basic nature of the precursor solutions, special titania sols had to be prepared that were stable in these alkali silicate solutions. The preferred TiO2 sols were those containing quaternary ammonium stabilizing counter-ions. These sols served not only as the source of homogeneously distributed titania, but they may also serve as nucleating species that contribute to particle growth and pore size control of the gel network. The large pore (∼0.3 µm) TiO2/SiO2 gel structures were easily dealkalized, dried and sintered to uncracked glass shapes. Plates up to 9.5 cm×6.6 cm× 0.5 cm thick and some intricate cast shapes were produced and their glass properties evaluated.
A Comparative Investigation of Hardcopy vs. Online Documentation

This study was conducted to compare performance on a sample application (training) definition task when an online or hardcopy document was used to complete the task. Performance measures, such as time to complete the task and reliance on help information, as well as user difficulties/errors, indicated that task performance was substantially poorer for subjects using the document online. The online groups performance on a second task, designed to measure how well they had learned the features of the product during the training task, also indicated a performance deficit compared to subjects who used the document in hardcopy format. Primary factors that seem to be involved in these results are the secondary tasks of window manipulation/interactions and navigational issues such as the use of hypertext. It is also suggested that the level of experience with a multi-task/windowing environment may have played a role in the obtained results. These findings have implications for the design of online information, p...
Axioms for elliptic geometry

Until recently the literature contained little on the axiomatic foundations of elliptic geometry that was non-analytical and independent of projective geometry. During the past decade this subject has come in for further study, notably by Busemann [2] and Blumenthal [1], who supplied such foundations. This paper presents another and, it is believed, simpler effort in the same general direction, proceeding by the familiar synthetic methods of elementary geometry and using only elementary topological notions and ideas concerning metric spaces. Specifically, elliptic 2-space is obtained on the basis of six axioms, most notable of which is one assuming the existence of translations. The writer wishes to express his deep appreciation to Herbert Busemann for his invaluable help.
Metabolite Identification in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 Using Untargeted Stable Isotope Assisted Metabolite Profiling

Metabolite profiling using mass spectrometry provides an attractive approach for the interrogation of cellular metabolic capabilities. Untargeted metabolite profiling has the potential to identify numerous novel metabolites; however, de novo identification of metabolites from spectral features remains a challenge. Here we present an integrated workflow for metabolite identification using uniform stable isotope labeling. Metabolite profiling of cell and growth media extracts of unlabeled control, 15N, and 13C-labeled cultures of the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 was performed using normal phase liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC−MS). Visualization of three-way comparisons of raw data sets highlighted characteristic labeling patterns for metabolites of biological origin allowing exhaustive identification of corresponding spectral features. Additionally, unambiguous assignment of chemical formulas was greatly facilitated by the use of stable isotope labeling. Chemical formula...
Single-component revisions are associated with dislocation after revision total hip arthroplasty at intermediate-term follow-up

Purpose Dislocation is the most frequent complication following revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Although several risk factors for dislocation in revision THA have been described, many cannot be modified at the time of surgery. Identifying modifiable risk factors for subsequent dislocation after revision THA provides opportunity for orthopedic surgeons to decrease instability. Methods A retrospective analysis of 203 consecutive revision THA procedures performed by a single surgeon with a minimum 2-year follow-up between May 2003 and June 2012 was performed. 2 (1.0%) died and 14 (6.9%) were lost to follow-up leaving 187 (92%) revision procedures in 123 men and 64 women. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for dislocation. Results 9 (4.8%) of all patients reviewed experienced a dislocation episode. Of those, 8 (89%) had a single component revised, 6 (67%) were women, and 4 (44%) had a history of recurrent dislocation. 2 of 14 (14%) patients with a constrained liner dislocated. Univariate analysis demonstrated that single-component revisions were at higher risk for dislocation after the surgery (p value = 0.033). Conclusions Identifying modifiable risk factors for dislocation after revision THA provide opportunity to decrease rates of instability. Based on our data, single-component revision THA is a risk factor for subsequent dislocation.
Safety of intravitreally administered recombinant erythropoietin (an AOS thesis).

Purpose This study investigated the safety and potential retinal toxicity of intravitreally administered erythropoietin (EPO) in a rodent animal model.
Opacity, Transparency and Snell’s Law

In Chap. 2 of his Treatise on Light, Huygens demonstrated geometrically how the law of reflection follows naturally from the wave theory of light. This he did by first considering a wave-front incident at an oblique angle on a reflecting surface. As this wave-front encountered successive points on the surface, they emitted spherical partial waves which propagated away from the surface of the mirror. Then, by drawing a tangent line to these spherical wave-fronts, he was able to reconstruct the outgoing wave, whose direction of propagation was found to obey the law of reflection. With this success, Huygens now turns to the law of refraction. In this case, the incoming wave-front proceeds into a transparent material. This raises the question: why are some some materials transparent, while others reflect light? The discussion turns inevitably to the microscopic structure and composition of matter. Do you find Huygens’ ideas plausible? If not, then what do you think might account for the diverse optical properties of materials?
The Optimization of Breast-Feeding in the Perinatal Period

Mounting scientific evidence documents the diverse health benefits of successful breast-feeding for infants and mothers. The trend toward earlier discharge of newborns, however, has been linked with adverse outcomes in breast-fed babies, including hypernatremic dehydration and hyperbilirubinemia. This article reviews practical strategies for promoting the successful initiation of breast-feeding, beginning with effective prenatal education and a screening breast exam to detect lactation risk factors. Supportive hospital practices are discussed, including the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative and correct breast-feeding technique. The importance of regular, effective removal of milk for continued milk production is explained. The early follow-up of infants after hospital discharge and the use of specific maternal and infant criteria to assess the onset of breast-feeding can readily identify mother-baby pairs who require timely intervention to improve breastfeeding outcome.
Study on the status of HBV infection and influencing factors in a population aged 1 to 59 years old in Tianjin

1992年调查显示,我国人群HBsAg阳性率为9.75%,HBV感染率为57.63%[1].随着乙肝疫苗使用和其他控制措施的实施,我国乙肝流行得到了一定程度的控制.为了解天津市HBV的流行病学分布及影响因素,开展了本次调查。
Developmental Dimensions of Personality: A Life-Span Formulation

ABSTRACT The notion of developmental dimensions of personality is presented in the context of assumptions and methodologies that appear to follow directly from, and are therefore necessary to a life-span formulation of the proper tasks of a developmental-psychological conceptualization of personality. Certain assumptions are made regarding the nature of personality, its method and level of measurement, and the role of typologies within such a conceptualization. Genotypic continuity—predictability between developmental periods irrespective of the stability of the “same” personality characteristics over time—is regarded as axiomatic for this approach, and the canonical correlation technique is recommended for maximizing continuity, thus defined. Developmental dimensions, obtained in this manner, are regarded as facilitating links with current “dynamic” theories of personality development .
A review of plug-in vehicles and vehicle-to-grid capability

As hybrid vehicles gain popularity among the consumers, current research initiatives are focused towards developing plug-in electric and hybrid vehicles that can exploit utility power to charge vehicle batteries and therefore less dependent on the gasoline usage. Power electronic systems are being developed to allow plug-in vehicles to be vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capable where the vehicles can work as distributed resources and power can be sent back to the utility. In this paper a review of different plug-in and V2G capable vehicles are given along with their power electronics topologies. The economic implication of charging the vehicle or sending power back to the utility is described in brief. Finally, all vehicles with V2G capability must meet the IEEE Standard 1547 for connecting to the utility. Brief descriptions of the requirements and testing that must be followed for V2G vehicles to conform the IEEE 1547 standards are also discussed.
High-Q, Low-Threshold Monolithic Perovskite Thin-Film Vertical-Cavity Lasers

A vertical-cavity surface-emitting perovskite laser is achieved using a microcavity configuration where CH3 NH3 PbI3 thin solid films are embedded within a custom GaN-based high-quality (Q-factor) resonator. This single-mode perovskite laser reaches a low threshold (≈7.6 µJ cm-2 ) at room temperature and emits spatially coherent Gaussian laser beams. The devices allow direct access to the study of perovskite gain dynamics and material robustness.