cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-Skilled Immigrants: How Satisfied Are Foreign-Born Scientists and Engineers Employed at American Universities?:

The growing numbers of foreign-born scholars in the academy has triggered interest in investigating the contributions made by foreign-born to the economy of the United States. However, only a handful of studies have examined the work lives of these scientists; this study is a step in that direction. The central question under investigation is “How does job satisfaction of foreign-born faculty members belonging to various citizenship categories compare with native-born citizens?” Understanding the behavior, attitudes, and satisfaction levels of foreign-born faculty members is important to retain them and not lose them to other nations or industry. After controlling for various job, organizational, personal, and cultural factors, the findings of this study indicate that foreign-born faculty members across all citizenship categories express lower job satisfaction than native-born faculty members.
Chinese character recognition: a twenty-five-year retrospective

The author assesses the current status of the field and places the problem of Chinese recognition into perspective with other areas of optical character recognition. Early experiments are briefly reviewed, and sources of more up-to-date information, including review articles, are indicated, advances in computer technology are discussed that have had a significant impact on the problem, and a sampling of relatively recent research on the classification of both printed and handprinted ideographs is presented. Included in the discussion are techniques of preprocessing (character location and segmentation) and hierarchical classification. >
Crystallographic complexes of surfactant protein A and carbohydrates reveal ligand-induced conformational change.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A), a C-type lectin, plays an important role in innate lung host defense against inhaled pathogens. Crystallographic SP-A·ligand complexes have not been reported to date, limiting available molecular information about SP-A interactions with microbial surface components. This study describes crystal structures of calcium-dependent complexes of the C-terminal neck and carbohydrate recognition domain of SP-A with d-mannose, d-α-methylmannose, and glycerol, which represent subdomains of glycans on pathogen surfaces. Comparison of these complexes with the unliganded SP-A neck and carbohydrate recognition domain revealed an unexpected ligand-associated conformational change in the loop region surrounding the lectin site, one not previously reported for the lectin homologs SP-D and mannan-binding lectin. The net result of the conformational change is that the SP-A lectin site and the surrounding loop region become more compact. The Glu-202 side chain of unliganded SP-A extends out into the solvent and away from the calcium ion; however, in the complexes, the Glu-202 side chain translocates 12.8 Å to bind the calcium. The availability of Glu-202, together with positional changes involving water molecules, creates a more favorable hydrogen bonding environment for carbohydrate ligands. The Lys-203 side chain reorients as well, extending outward into the solvent in the complexes, thereby opening up a small cation-friendly cavity occupied by a sodium ion. Binding of this cation brings the large loop, which forms one wall of the lectin site, and the adjacent small loop closer together. The ability to undergo conformational changes may help SP-A adapt to different ligand classes, including microbial glycolipids and surfactant lipids.
The Role of Consciousness in Physical Reality

Extensive data from a variety of man/machine experiments indicate that human operators can influence normally random output distributions in accordance with pre-stated intentions. Deviations from well-behaved calibration data and theoretical expectations accumulate in individually characteristic and replicable patterns of achievement, many of which attain high statistical significance. These anomalies are not explicable by established physical mechanisms, suggesting that some extension of theory to acknowledge the role of consciousness in such interactions may be required. The proposed model represents consciousness as a quantum mechanical wave function confined in an environmental potential well. The “atomic” and “molecular” eigenfunctions then represent “probabilities-of-experience” in the prevailing situations. To the extent that a consciousness metric can be identified, the model is found useful in interpretation of the man/machine anomalies, and could be extended to other anomalous and normal interactions as well.
Complexity of Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Mendelian Disorders: Lessons from Gaucher Disease

Mendelian disorders are diseases which occur due to a mutation in the DNA sequence of a single gene. However, as we learn more about these inherited diseases, it is clear that there can be a vast spectrum of associated phenotypes. Gaucher disease is an example of a “simple” monogenic disorder with complex features. It results from the deficiency of the recessively inherited enzyme glucocerebrosidase, and is the most common lysosomal storage disorder. One of the chief clinical challenges facing geneticists and medical practitioners is to assess how adequately one can use genotype data to predict phenotypes. The ability to make such predictions is an essential tenet of individualized medicine and has implications for prenatal decision making. By understanding the limitations of genotype-phenotype correlation in monogenic disorders, we can gain insights that will help us to better understand the complexity in interpreting genetic data in multigene disorders. Factors including genetic modifiers, gene-gene interaction, reduced penetrance, imprinting, processed and non-processed pseudogenes, regulatory polymorphisms, epigenetics and the abundant number of private mutations, provide challenges for those seeking to understand genetic contributions to distinct phenotypes. Through a careful evaluation of one specific Mendelian disorder, Gaucher disease, we can learn lessons directly applicable to other diseases, both rare and common.
Women's Emotion Work in the Family Relationship Management and the Process of Building Father-Child Relationships

This qualitative study uses family observations and semi-structured interviews with 23 women to explore the relationship management work of building and maintaining father-child relationships. Five women indicated they did not engage in any efforts to enhance father-child relationships; 18 women reported doing some type of father-child relationship management work, although the extent of such efforts appeared to vary among these women. Several strategies to facilitate positive father-child involvement were identified: offering suggestions for joint father-child activities, relaying information about positive feelings, praising fathers for their involvement with children, organizing the family schedule/environment, and creating or maintaining positive images of fathers. When fathers and children were perceived to be unhappy with one another, various peace-keeping strategies designed to mediate angry/hurtful feelings were noted: anticipating and preventing unhappy feelings, separating fathers and children d...
On the use of multicarrier direct sequence spread spectrum systems

The authors propose a multicarrier direct sequence spread spectrum system. By using this system, it is possible to get not only robustness against multipath fading, but to also achieve narrowband interference suppression; these advantages are obtained without the use of either an explicit RAKE structure or an interference suppression filter. The authors evaluate the performance of this system over both a frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel, and an additive white Gaussian noise channel in the presence of single tone interference. >
Path Forward for RAF Therapies: Inhibition of Monomers and Dimers

Current BRAF inhibitors block signaling from monomeric BRAF(V600E), but not from oncogenic RAS, which requires RAF dimerization. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Yao and colleagues investigate why current drugs are ineffective against RAF dimers, while Peng and colleagues describe a pan-RAF inhibitor targeting both monomeric and dimeric RAF.
Regulation of β-catenin by t-DARPP in upper gastrointestinal cancer cells.

Background Truncated dopamine and cyclic-AMP-regulated phosphoprotein (t-DARPP) is frequently overexpressed in gastrointestinal malignancies. In this study, we examined the role of t-DARPP in regulating β-catenin.
A neural network system for automatic classification of sleep stages

The back-propagation neural network is utilized to classify sleep stages in humans. A single-channel EEG is segmented into equally spaced intervals, each interval corresponds to one-minute in time. Measurements of the time, frequency, and energy characteristics are carried out in each interval to construct the sleep pattern vector. An adaptive training algorithm is utilized to accelerate the training process. This neural network is useful for various neurological studies and clinical diagnoses. >
Novel Silicone-Epoxy Composites for Dental Restorations

A novel silicone-epoxy oligomer was synthesized and evaluated for its use as the polymer in photopolymerizable dental composites. This synthesized oligomer contained rigid and non-rigid groups with 1–8 epoxy functionalities as characterized using 1H NMR and 29Si NMR and MALDI-TOF analysis. In comparison to the traditional BisGMA/TEGDMA monomer system, the photo-polymerized silicone-epoxy demonstrated significantly improved material properties (148% greater elastic modulus, 12% greater ultimate strength, 48% greater fracture toughness), as well as 61% lower polymerization shrinkage and 58% lower polymerization stresses. Furthermore, the silicone-epoxy system demonstrated enhanced resistance to degradation of its material properties after accelerated (24hr) aging, i.e. exposure to severe hydrolytic (boiling in ethanol at 100 □C), oxidative (exposed to 5% H2O2), and low pH (0.05M acetic acid) stress. Under these conditions, the properties of conventional BisGMA/TEGDMA systems deteriorated by 22–47%, while the properties of the silicone-epoxy composites decreased by 2–10%. Bisphosphonate additives enhanced the precipitation of mineral in a dose-dependent manner, but inhibited polymerization due to interactions with epoxy groups. Bisphosphonate additives also dose-dependently demonstrated anti-bacterial efficacy as demonstrated using live-dead, MTT and crystral violet assays. The silicone-epoxy polymer was demonstrated to be biocompatible when compared to tissue culture plastic. When calcium fluoride was incorporated into this system, fluoride was found to be released quantities significant enough to engender anti-bacterial effects. In summary, the designed multifunctional dental resin exhibits higher stability as demonstrated by lower chemical, mechanical and enzymatic degradation.
User experience at google: focus on the user and all else will follow

This paper presents an overview of the User Experience (UX) team at Google. We focus on four aspects of working within Google's product development organization: (1) a bottom-up 'ideas' culture, (2) a data-driven engineering approach, (3) a fast, highly iterative web development cycle, and (4) a global product perspective of designing for multiple countries. Each aspect leads to challenges and opportunities for the UX team. We discuss these, and outline some of the methodological approaches we employ to deal with them, along with some examples of our work.
How Do Interventions That Exemplify the Joint Principles of the Patient Centered Medical Home Affect Hemoglobin A1C in Patients With Diabetes: A Review

Objective:To review the impact of the Joint Principle of the Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) on hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in primary care patients with diabetes.Methods:Systematic review of Engli...
Qualitative Research Methods for Medical Educators

This paper provides a primer for qualitative research in medical education. Our aim is to equip readers with a basic understanding of qualitative research and prepare them to judge the goodness of fit between qualitative research and their own research questions. We provide an overview of the reasons for choosing a qualitative research approach and potential benefits of using these methods for systematic investigation. We discuss developing qualitative research questions, grounding research in a philosophical framework, and applying rigorous methods of data collection, sampling, and analysis. We also address methods to establish the trustworthiness of a qualitative study and introduce the reader to ethical concerns that warrant special attention when planning qualitative research. We conclude with a worksheet that readers may use for designing a qualitative study. Medical educators ask many questions that carefully designed qualitative research would address effectively. Careful attention to the design of qualitative studies will help to ensure credible answers that will illuminate many of the issues, challenges, and quandaries that arise while doing the work of medical education.
Combination of Oxidative Stress and FOXM1 Inhibitors Induces Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Inhibits Xenograft Tumor Growth

Tumor cells accumulate high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) because they are metabolically more active than normal cells. Elevated ROS levels increase tumorigenecity but also render cancer cells more vulnerable to oxidative stress than normal cells. The oncogenic transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1), which is overexpressed in a wide range of human cancers, was reported to protect cancer cells from the adverse effects of oxidative stress by up regulating the expression of scavenger enzymes. We therefore hypothesized that the combination of FOXM1 ablation and ROS inducers could selectively eradicate cancer cells. We show that RNA interference–mediated knockdown of FOXM1 further elevates intracellular ROS levels and increases sensitivity of cancer cells to ROS-mediated cell death after treatment with ROS inducers. We also demonstrate that the combination of ROS inducers with FOXM1/proteasome inhibitors induces robust apoptosis in different human cancer cells. In addition, we show evidence that FOXM1/proteasome inhibitor bortezomib in combination with the ROS inducer β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate efficiently inhibits the growth of breast tumor xenografts in nude mice. We conclude that the combination of ROS inducers and FOXM1 inhibitors could be used as a therapeutic strategy to selectively eliminate cancer cells.
An Ounce of Prevention With a Calcium Score Scan

The past 2 decades have witnessed great progress in the treatment of advanced cardiovascular disease. Mortality of revascularization is close to or below 1% among cardiovascular centers of excellence, time for reperfusion has been dramatically shortened in acute coronary syndromes, and a larger
Recent Developments in Arc Emission Spectroscopy: Introductory Remarks

This symposium on Recent Developments in Arc Emission Spectroscopy includes three papers describing three new developments in techniques and methodology of arc spectrochemistry. Why, in the first place, is a symposium on arc emission spectroscopy necessary? Figure 1 provides some idea of the reason. Plotted in the figure are the number of publications cited in spectrochemical analysis each year for the past 52 years. The curve on the left is taken from Meggers and Scribner’s Index to Literature on Spectrochemical Analysis between 1920 and 1955. The middle curve comes from 16 volumes of Spectrochemical Abstracts for the years 1933 through 1970. And the values to the right are from the annual reviews in Emission Spectrometry, published biennially in Analytical Chemistry covering the period 1946 through 1972. Although each source may provide a different absolute index, the trends are clearly apparent. Since 1920 a steady growth in the field of spectrochemical analysis, except for the time during World War II, has firmly established emission techniques as essential in modern analysis. Unfortunately, the active spectrochemist does not find time to read everything new appearing in the literature, and for that reason this symposium will focus his attention on three of the key developments in arc spectrochemistry in the recent past.
Effects of Postural Bias During Support Surface Displacements and Rapid Arm Movements

The purpose of this study was to evaluate body-sway characteristics during anticipatory and reactive postural compensation. Mechanisms of postural control were studied during self-initiated rapid arm movements (RAMs) and unexpected support surface displacements (SSDs). Ten healthy subjects, 5 men and 5 women with a mean age of 28 years, were blindfolded and stood symmetrically on a moveable force platform or with weight shifted right (R) or left (L). Averaged electromyographs were obtained from L anterior deltoid, L ipsilateral biceps femoris (BFi), R contralateral biceps femoris (BFc), R quadriceps (Q), R medial gastrocnemius (G), and R tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. During SSD, the relative timing of distal-proximal synergists was altered during all biased postures. In L biased standing, functional pairs, TA-Q and G-BF, discharged at their shortest latencies. Anterior deltoid onset times during RAM were most preparatory during R weight shift. Sway latencies were shorter also in biased standing. Absolute sway latency, peak sway, and time-to-peak sway were significantly longer in SSD conditions in comparison with RAM. When disturbances in balance cannot be predicted, lower extremity preloading facilitates contralateral muscle-discharge patterns at shorter latencies. In some neurological conditions that result in incorrect body alignment, the mechanical effects of postural bias rather than the abnormal control mechanisms may at least contribute to alterations in the postural response. These results provide a basis for evaluating balance in patients with neurological deficit.
Preparation of Catechol- and Resorcinol-Dimethyl Ethers from ο- and m-Anisidine

Catechol dimethyl ether (1) was made from ο-anisidine by a method similar to that described in a previous paper.Also resorcinol dimethyl ether (2) was made from m-anisidine. The effects of kinds of acids, catalysts, illumination with UV light, concentration of acid and reaction temperature on diazotization and decomposition of the diazonium compound in methanol were examined.Sulfuric acid was preferred for the diazotization and the decomposition. No catalysts were effective.Under illumination with UV light, decomposition time of the diazonium compounds was shortened. Decomposition of ο-anisolediazonium compound without UV light led exclusively to production of anisole (yield 60.4 mole%).With UV light, the products were anisole (19.7 mole%), (1) (24.7 mole%) and catechol monomethyl ether (5.3 mole%).On the other hand, (2) was obtained in the maximum yield (64.7 mole%) under the following conditions ; reaction temperature 65°C, pH= 1, without catalyst and with UV light.
RAPID EVOLUTION OF COMPETITIVE ABILITY IN LARVAL MIXTURES OF THE HOUSEFLY

The purpose of this paper is to establish whether natural selection in larval mixtures of two strains of the housefly, Musca domestica L., can alter fitness (as measured by developmental viability, developmental time from egg to adult, and dry weight of emerged adults) of one or both of the competing types within a few generations. Previous studies addressing this same question on a variety of organisms have yielded variable results. Moore (1952), Seaton and Antonovics (1967), Ayala (1969) and Van Delden (1970) found significant improvements in fitness in mixed populations of Drosophila. Similarly, Harper (1968) found that later growth stages of two plant species showed improved weights in mixtures over pure stands. However, Park and Lloyd, (1955) and Sokal et al. (1970) found no responses in competitive ability in mixtures of species of Tribolium and of strains of Tribolium and Musca, respectively. Futuyma (1970) found changes in 10 of 28 experimental lines of Drosophila melanogaster; half of these showed improvements and the remaining showed decreases. Since the responses were indeterminate Futuyma concluded that "genetic variance for traits affecting the outcome of competition is nonadditive in large part" and thus, changes in fitness shohl be slow and unnredictable. Discrepancies among these separate studies could have resulted from (1) differences in the initial genetic variability among the competing population in different studies. (2) Multiple fitness strategies in different species (and strains) that may have resulted in little additive genetic variance remaining in some cases (Levins, 1965). (3) Differences in the experimental designs among studies. The only attempt to separate these possibilities was Futuyma's. He found no differences in responses of lines from "relatively enriched and impoverished gene pools," arguing against possibility (1). The slow rates of changes in those lines that did respond to selection in his study seemed to indicate nonadditive genetic effects, however this does not eliminate (2) since a large variability in response occurred, which would be consonant with this hypothesis or that of Futuyma. A posteriori, it would be difficult to assess (2) for the various studies; therefore, we were led operationally to (3). The principal difference between our earlier study (Sokal et al., 1970), that of Futuyma (1970) and the "successful" one of Seaton and Antonovics (1967) lay in a head-start given to the "less fit" mutant strain in the latter study. One of us (Bryant, 1971) recently studied the effect
Significance of β-Hemolysis in the Rapid Identification of Clinical Gram-Negative Bacilli

Over 2,200 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli from various specimens at two nearby hospitals were tested for β-hemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar. Results were to be used as an aid to presumptive identification. Among the 1,152 isolates that were lactose fermenters, β-hemolysis was observed in 32.9% of 428 Escherichia coli isolates but in only 0.4% of all other isolates. Among the 1,130 isolates that were slow and nonlactose fermenters, β-hemolysis was seen in 68.0% of 350 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and 20.1% of 67 Morganella morganii isolates but in only 4.1% of all other isolates. The percentages of β-hemolytic isolates at Oklahoma Memorial Hospital (OMH) and Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) were similar for most organisms except Serratia marcescens (OMH had a much higher percentage than the VAMC). β-Hemolytic activity acted as an identification marker among isolates at these health science centers.
Quantum-Classical Path Integral with Self-Consistent Solvent-Driven Reference Propagators

Efficient procedures for evaluating the quantum-classical path integral (QCPI) [J. Chem. Phys. 2013, 137, 22A552] are described. The main idea is to identify a trajectory-specific reference Hamiltonian that captures the dominant effects of the classical “solvent” degrees of freedom on the dynamics of the quantum “system”. This time-dependent reference is used to construct a system propagator that is valid for large time increments. Residual “quantum memory” interactions are included via the path integral representation of the density matrix, which converges with large time steps. Two physically motivated reference schemes are considered. The first involves the dynamics of the solvent unperturbed by the system, which forms the basis for the “classical path” approximation. The second is based on solvent trajectories determined self-consistently with the evolution of the system, according to the time-dependent self-consistent field or Ehrenfest model. Application to dissipative two-level systems indicates th...
A model for working with the elderly in institutions.

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of human needs provides a useful operating framework for professionals working with residents of long-term care institutions. The difficulties and obstacles that the elde...
Sexual dysfunction in selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and potential solutions: A narrative literature review.

Abstract Sexual dysfunction is an underdiscussed adverse effect to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and may increase the risk for discontinuation and nonadherence to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Given the prevalence of depression, health care providers should educate patients about SSRI-associated sexual dysfunction in order to promote patient awareness and medication adherence. This study evaluated primary literature from 1997 to 2015 to identify SSRI-related sexual side effects, therapeutic alternatives, and treatment strategies. The results indicate that paroxetine is associated with the greatest rate of sexual dysfunction among the SSRIs. Potential alternatives to SSRI treatment include bupropion, mirtazapine, vilazodone, vortioxetine, and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. In the event that a subject responds solely to SSRIs but experiences unwanted sexual side effects, bupropion may be added as an adjunctive medication. Some limited evidence also suggests that saffron ma...
Die Generationsmetaphorik in soziologischen Gegenwartsdiagnosen

Nicht nur die Reklame gebraucht nackte Haut als Blickfang; die Schwelle des traditionell reglementierten Zugangs zu fotografischen sowie filmischen Darstellungen des Geschlechtsakts ist in Zeiten des Internet niedrig wie nie. Auserdem findet sich im Alltagssprachgebrauch der Jugendlichen eine Menge sexuell konnotierter Ausdrucke. Der Befund einer pornografisierten Gesellschaft scheint vor allem dort zum Problem zu werden, wo junge Menschen unter Zugzwang geraten und, durch einschlagiges Filmmaterial inspiriert, ihre ersten sexuellen Erfahrungen gleich im Modus fur Fortgeschrittene, also mit Fesselspielen, Sexspielzeug oder in der Gruppe machen mussen. Die These von der Generation Porno geht von einer fur eine ganze Alterskohorte pragenden und dadurch kollektiven Primarerfahrung aus, welche sich von vorangegangenen Generationen signifikant unterscheidet.
A Conceptual Model of Design Benefits and Brand Engagement: The Mediating Role of Emotions—Structured Abstract

Brand engagement depicts a set of behavioral outcomes that result when customers meaningfully interact with a product (Keller 2013). Beyond that, an engaged customer is strategically positioned to spread the word in today’s connected society. For a company, the key is in knowing how to elicit the behavior that goes beyond purchase, use, and satisfaction with a product. Knowledge of brand engagement is still in its infancy. Marketing researchers need to clarify what brand engagement is, identify the antecedents and consequences of this important marketing outcome, and understand how it can be influenced. The objective of this paper is to develop a better understanding of brand engagement by examining two of its antecedents: design benefits and consumer emotions. Design provides a useful starting point, specifically the role of design in shaping product-customer relationships. How design and design benefits influence consumers’ emotional and behavioral responses is an area of research that requires further development (Chitturi et al. 2008). Design has become an important contributor to the customer experience with a product (Luchs and Swan 2011), and by extension, should be a significant determinant of brand engagement.
Using hand-held dental x-ray devices: ensuring safety for patients and operators.

ABSTRACT Background. Since the introduction of hand-held x-ray units in dentistry, a few inexpensive devices have emerged that lack the necessary safety measures and failed to meet U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards. They are advertised actively and sold online in the United States. Methods. The authors present several safety issues associated with an imported hand-held x-ray device that has not been cleared by the FDA and compare the device with an FDA-cleared unit. Results. The authors found that the non-FDA—cleared device posed major safety hazards, including high radiation doses to patients and operators, lack of operator shielding, lower-than-acceptable kilovolt (peak) value, inadequate collimation, lack of an audible signal of x-ray generation and absence of a so-called dead-man switch. Conclusions and Practical Implications. Dental professionals must be aware of unsafe x-ray equipment and use only those devices that have been cleared by the FDA to protect themselves and their patients.
Architecture Exploration for Energy-Efficient Embedded Vision Applications: From General Purpose Processor to Domain Specific Accelerator

OpenCV applications are computationally intensive tasks among computer vision algorithms. The demand for low power yet high performance real-time processing of OpenCV embedded vision applications have led to developing their customized implementations on state-of-the-art embedded processing platforms. Given the industry move to heterogeneous platforms which integrates single core or multicore CPU with on-chip FPGA accelerators and GPU accelerators, the question of what platform and what implementation, whether hardware or software, is best suited for energy-efficient processing of this class of applications is becoming important. In this paper, we seek to answer this question through a detailed hardware and software implementation of OpenCV applications and methodically measurement and comprehensive analysis of their power and performance on state-of-the-art heterogeneous embedded processing platforms. The results show that in addition to application behavior, the size of image is an important factor in deciding the efficient platform in terms of highest energy-efficiency (EDP) among hardware accelerators on FPGA and software accelerators on GPU and multicore CPUs. While hardware implementation on ZYNQ shown to be the most performance and energy-efficient for image size of 500x500 or less, software GPU implementation found to be the most efficient and achieves highest speedup for larger image sizes. In addition, while for compute intensive vision applications the gap between FPGA, CPU and GPU reduces as the size of image increases, for non-intensive applications, a large performance and EDP gap is observed between the studied platforms, as the size of the image increases.
The Stereochemical Basis of Anticonvulsant Drug Action III. The Structure of Procyclidine Hydrochloride

The crystal and molecular structure of procyclidine (α-cyclohexyhl-α-phenyl-1-pyrrolidinepropanol) has been determined in order to investigate structural bases for its biological activity as an aniticonvulsant drug. Crystals of procyclidine hydrochloride are monoclinic, space group P 21/ c , with cell dimensions a = 5.891 ± 0.006, b = 28.603 ± 0.018, c = 11.314 ± 0.004 A, β = 106.0 degrees ± 15', Z = 4 molecules/cell. The structure was determined by the symbolic addition procedure, utilizing data collected on an automated diffractometer (CuKα radiation). Refinement was accomplished by an anisotropic full-matrix least-squares procedure, resulting in a final R value of 0.081. Stereochemical features which the molecule has in common with other anticonvulsants, diphenylhydantoin and diazepam, and which may account for its anticonvulsant activity are analyzed and discussed. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Dr. H. Kalant for supplying the procyclidine hydrochloride.
Nanostructured Materials Synthesis Using Ultrasound

Recent applications of ultrasound to the production of nanostructured materials are reviewed. Sonochemistry permits the production of novel materials or provides a route to known materials without the need for high bulk temperatures, pressures, or long reaction times. Both chemical and physical phenomena associated with high-intensity ultrasound are responsible for the production or modification of nanomaterials. Most notable are the consequences of acoustic cavitation: the formation, growth, and implosive collapse of bubbles, and can be categorized as primary sonochemistry (gas-phase chemistry occurring inside collapsing bubbles), secondary sonochemistry (solution-phase chemistry occurring outside the bubbles), and physical modifications (caused by high-speed jets, shockwaves, or inter-particle collisions in slurries).
Linker Effects in Porphyrin Polymeric Donor Materials for Photovoltaic Devices

The electronic properties of porphyrin-based polymers for use in organic photovoltaic devices were studied using density functional theory and oligomeric model systems. A number of unique linkers are used to form porphyrin oligomers from monomers. We have calculated the molecular orbitals and energy gap between the HOMO and LUMO of the oligomers, seeking to optimize the gap between the HOMO and the LUMO to increase the wavelength range the devices can absorb and thus increase their efficiency. We have also calculated electron transmission through some of the oligomeric systems to establish which oligomers allow effective charge transport. It is found that linkers that form planar oligomers that extend the delocalization of the molecular orbitals tend to have smaller HOMO/LUMO gaps and enhanced transmission.
Positioning Scholarly Work on Teaching and Learning

Excerpt: In this short invited essay I want to raise some concerns about positioning scholarship on teaching and learning within the disciplines. As this journal and others attest, not all pedagogical work is located there, but with the recent interest in scholarly work on teaching and learning there has been an accompanying move to more firmly wed pedagogical scholarship to the disciplines (Healey 2000). I’d like to begin with what is lost when the preference is for pedagogical scholarship owned by the disciplines.
Differences in Sulfotyrosine Binding amongst CXCR1 and CXCR2 Chemokine Ligands

Tyrosine sulfation, a post-translational modification found on many chemokine receptors, typically increases receptor affinity for the chemokine ligand. A previous bioinformatics analysis suggested that a sulfotyrosine (sY)-binding site on the surface of the chemokine CXCL12 may be conserved throughout the chemokine family. However, the extent to which receptor tyrosine sulfation contributes to chemokine binding has been examined in only a few instances. Computational solvent mapping correctly identified the conserved sulfotyrosine-binding sites on CXCL12 and CCL21 detected by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, demonstrating its utility for hot spot analysis in the chemokine family. In this study, we analyzed five chemokines that bind to CXCR2, a subset of which also bind to CXCR1, to identify hot spots that could participate in receptor binding. A cleft containing the predicted sulfotyrosine-binding pocket was identified as a principal hot spot for ligand binding on the structures of CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL7, and CXCL8, but not CXCL5. Sulfotyrosine titrations monitored via NMR spectroscopy showed specific binding to CXCL8, but not to CXCL5, which is consistent with the predictions from the computational solvent mapping. The lack of CXCL5-sulfotyrosine interaction and the presence of CXCL8-sulfotyrosine binding suggests a role for receptor post-translational modifications regulating ligand selectivity.
Unraveling Universalist Perspectives on Teaching and Caring for Infants and Toddlers: Finding Authenticity in Diverse Funds of Knowledge

Although child-rearing beliefs and practices vary widely across cultures, a dominant discourse on how to teach and care for young children undergirds most early childhood teacher education programs...
The Prevalence, Assessment, and Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders

In this chapter, I begin with an overview of the prevalence of anxiety disorders and how these prevalence figures differ according to gender and age. In the second part of the chapter, I discuss some of the procedures for assessing or measuring anxiety and how anxiety disorder diagnoses are derived.
Emotion in educational contexts

In this article, we describe some current inquiries related to emotions in education. We begin the article by discussing the concepts we used to describe emotional experiences and explicate some of the current educational research on student emotions. This is followed by a discussion of the current work concerning teachers’ emotional experiences. We conclude with suggestions for potential future directions for research on emotions in education.
Creating a measurement framework for service coordination in maternal and early childhood home visiting: An evidence-informed, expert process

Abstract Home visiting is a preventive service strategy to promote child health and development by providing voluntary services to expectant families and families with young children in their homes. Home visitors provide direct services (such as screening for parenting risks and teaching parenting skills) and link families to needed community resources. Service coordination is a core element of most evidence-based home visiting models and offers potential benefits to families, local organizations, and communities. However, there is no agreed upon framework that recognizes the unique role of home visiting in service coordination. This paper describes the process used to create a measurement framework for service coordination between home visiting programs and other organizations within early childhood systems. The framework was developed using an evidence-informed, modified Delphi process. It is grounded in five key principles: family centeredness; equity; adaptability; an inter-disciplinary perspective; and a focus on population health and well-being. The framework includes a logic model and 37 indicators to assess the strength of the implementation system, activities, and outcomes that theory and prior research suggest support successful service coordination. The framework may be used to support needs assessment, monitoring, quality improvement, and research around service coordination in home visiting.
Britain's Black Death: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Genocide by Hillary McD Beckles

Beckles, Hillary McD, Britain's Black Death: Reparations for Caribbean Slavery and Genocide . Kingston: University of the West Indies Press, 2013. Review by Lomarsh Roopnarine.
NEGATIVE MAGNETORESISTANCE IN TELLURIUM

Anomalous positive or negative magnetoresistance at low temperatures has been observed in germanium, InSb, gray tin, InAs, GaAs, and C.1–7 Some of the more extensive investigations have revealed certain similarities which may be common to the anomalous magnetoresistance in semiconductors: (1) The magnitude of the anomalous magnetoresistance increases with decreasing temperature. (2) For a given semiconductor the anomalous magnetoresistance reaches a maximum for a particular impurity concentration. (3) In some cases the magnetoresistance can be represented as the sum of an ordinary term with quadratic field dependence and an extraordinary term which saturates with increasing field. A negative magnetoresistance was once observed in tellurium,8 but in subsequent investigations, using zone refined specimens, no such anomaly was detected.9 This paper is a progress report of some new features of this anomalous negative magnetoresistance in tellurium.
ANALYSIS OF β-INTERFERON mRNA IN HUMAN CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an analysis of β-interferon messenger RNA (mRNA) in human cells. Inducibility of human interferon depends on the nature of the inducer and also the cell type. Thus, poly rI.rC induction of human fibroblast cells produces mainly or exclusively β type, while that produced by lymphoblastoid cells consists about 90% α and 10% β type. The chapter explains a study in which kinetics of induction of β-interferon mRNA in these two systems was determined by RNA hybridization with a cloned βcDNA and by translation in Xenopus oocytes. The time course of accumulation of β-interferon mRNA in poly rI. rC induced fibroblast cells and Sendai stimulated Namalva cells corresponded to the kinetics of β interferon synthesis in intact cells. In poly r1.rc-induced fibroblast cells, smRNA disappeared several hours after its appearance in cytoplasm reaching undetectable levels at 7 hours after induction. A decrease in the size of smRNA was observed whether the induction was done in the absence or presence of cycloheximide. smRNA detected in Namalva cells induced with Sendai virus has the same size as that detected in fibroblast cells; however, the kinetics of its synthesis and degradation does not show the transiency found in poly rI.rC induced fibroblasts. The accumulation of β interferon mRNA in Sendai induced Namalva cells is maximal at 6 hours after induction and reaches an undetectable level by 24–48 hours after induction. This suggested that the mechanism of regulation of β interferon gene expression in poly rI.rC induced fibroblast cells and sendai-induced Namalva cells is different.
Waste-Management Education & Research Consortium (WERC) Environmental Design Competition: An Innovative Method for Environmental Education

1 ABSTRACT In the United States, many universities have adopted innovative techniques for educating students in the environmental fields due to the growing need to address the nontechnical aspects of environmental design. Each year, the Waste-Management Education & Research Consortium (WERC) sponsors an international design competition under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). The purpose of this project is to expand the nation's capability to handle all aspects related to the management of waste forms. Each year, a practical environmental problem, which mimics an actual waste site in the U.S., is the focus of the design competition. Proposals are requested to remediate these sites which may be contaminated with heavy metals, organics, and radioactive constituents. Student groups must design and construct a bench-scale working model and demonstrate its success at the annual week long conference at New Mexico State University. Each university presents a proposal to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Department of Defense (DOD), DOE, and industrial representatives who serve as judges. In addition, each group is given a sample waste and given 36 hours to remediate the waste using the designed system. Proposed solutions must address economic, regulatory (federal and state), and health and safety issues. Both the student groups and the governmental/industrial officials find this project beneficial. Students gain experience due to exposure to real world issues. The environmental community is exposed to original thinking and also benefits in that it is provided with graduates who are better prepared to tackle the complex environmental problems they are sure to encounter.
CTLA-4 and PD-1 inhibition in metastatic uveal melanoma: A single center experience.

e21548Background: Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is associated with poor prognosis with a median overall survival (OS) of 4-15 months. Patients with MUM have low response rates to traditional trea...
SiGe-Driven Hybrid-Integrated Silicon Photonic Link Using Optical-Domain Equalization

We report 50- and 60-Gb/s hybrid-integrated optical links in the O-band with CMOS photonic components driven by silicon–germanium ICs using optical-domain feed-forward equalization. The link includes a segmented-electrode Mach–Zehnder modulator and a Ge photodetector that provide high bandwidths and the potential for tight integration with control and monitoring electronics. The combination of these features enables the demonstration of a 60-Gb/s AC-coupled link and a 50-Gb/s DC-coupled link with bit error rates below 10–12 without the use of forward-error correction codes. This result provides a promising path toward extending speeds in latency sensitive optical links.
Ethical Leadership and Team-Member Role Performance: Exploring the Role of Leader Machiavellianism

The changing and dynamic nature of the workplace has facilitated an increase in the use of teams in today’s organizations. Drawing primarily from social learning theory, we propose a process model ...
Performance and scalability analysis of a coupled dual porosity Stokes model implemented with FEniCS

A coupled dual porosity Stokes model has been proposed in recent years to help modeling fractured porous media with large conduits. A numerical solution of such a model that works in both 2D and 3D in parallel has been implemented using FEniCS. In this paper, we test the convergence of this implementation with sample problems in both 2D and 3D, investigate the performance and scalability of this implementation thoroughly, and compare the performance between different solvers and preconditioners.
An Even Simpler "Truly Elementary" Proof of Bertrand's Theorem

We present a further simplified derivation of a “truly elementary” proof of Bertrand’s theorem, which predicts the exponents in central power-law potentials that produce closed orbits.
Phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E is dispensable for skeletal muscle hypertrophy.

The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a major mRNA cap-binding protein that has a central role in translation initiation. Ser209 is the single phosphorylation site within eIF4E and modulat...
Simultaneous assessment of wettability and water saturation using 2D NMR measurements

Abstract Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements can be used for estimating porosity, fluid saturation, pore-size distribution, and sometimes wettability. However, quantitative interpretation of rock wettability can be challenging in rocks with complex pore structures in the presence of different fluid types. Conventional NMR-based wettability models are applicable only for rocks with unimodal pore-size distributions. In this paper, we develop a new workflow for simultaneous assessment of fluid saturation and wettability in partially-saturated mixed-wet rock samples using 2D NMR measurements. We verify the reliability of this new workflow in three rock types, including unimodal and multi-modal pore-size distributions. The main inputs to the introduced workflow include the transverse relaxivity ( T 2 ) and Diffusivity- T 2 (D- T 2 ) or longitudinal- T 2 ( T 1 - T 2 ) NMR measurements of the partially-saturated mixed-wet rock samples. Other input parameters include the bulk relaxivities of the saturating fluids and the NMR responses of fully water-saturated water-wet and fully oil-saturated oil-wet samples of the same rock type as the partially-saturated mixed-wet rock. In the verification step, we vary the fluid saturation by injecting brine, decane, or diesel into the rock sample using a core-flood setup. Then, we obtain NMR measurements at different fluid saturations to estimate the water/hydrocarbon saturation and wettability. Results demonstrated that the NMR-based wettability index has an average absolute difference of 0.18 when compared to the Amott Index, and the NMR-based water saturation estimates are within 18% average relative error of the gravimetric-estimates for the brine and diesel saturated rock samples.