cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of descent algorithms with Armijo stepsizes to simulation-based optimization of queueing networks

Gradient descent algorithms with Armijo stepsizes are adapted to simulation-based optimization of queuing networks. The cost function was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation, and its gradient was estimated by infinitesimal perturbation analysis. The Armijo stepsize routine requires multiple function evaluations, which are simultaneously performed by finite perturbation analysis (FPA) in one simulation run. Two kinds of FPA estimators are considered: one is precise, but time consuming, and the other is approximate, but faster. Numerical examples show the validity of the proposed algorithm. >
High-bandwidth gamma monochromator

The purpose of this instrument is to distinguish the temporal variations on the order of nanoseconds of a faint gamma emitter in the energy range of 10 to 20 MeV despite a coincident gamma background of lower photon energy yet orders of magnitude greater power. The instrument itself is a combination of a Compton electron monochromator comprised of two dipole magnets, a dual lens total internal reflection Cherenkov optical system, and microchannel plate photomultiplier detectors. Two units, called H1 and H2, were built differing only in magnet strength and viewing the following energy bins: H1 gamma energy bin: 15.7 to 17.7 MeV, H2 gamma energy bin: 13.7 to 15.7 MeV. The H1 design aims at a large signal-to-noise through-put and fast temporal response, and this limits the energy resolution. The H1 unit has a 671 MHz bandwidth (FWHM equals 463 ps) for the energy bin shown above.
Amphetamine toxicity: behavioral and neuropathological indexes.

Toxicology, a science that “deals with poisons and their effects” (43), has traditionally emphasized the identification and analysis of chemicals that interfere with life processes. As techniques became more sophisticated, evaluation of morphological lesions came within the province of toxicologists. Only recently, however, has the possibility of correlating function and morphology been suggested to the student in toxicology (e.g., 42); he has been instructed to critically evaluate chemically induced physiological, biochemical and morphological changes. The indexes of toxicity have usually been alterations in blood and urine chemistry, body temperature, and the like. Many of these physiological changes may be the effect of irreversible morphological pathology, and therefore, in fact, indicative of life-threatening toxicity. These irreversible changes represent an end point in the development of overt indications of toxicity. It is of the utmost importance to be able to detect less obvious, but still destructive damage. What is needed are a series of sensitive measures that might, together or separately, indicate the presence of a potentially poisonous substance.
Changing strategies in the management of heart failure

Forty years ago therapy for congestive heart failure was limited largely to the mercurial diuretics and a variety of cardiac glycoside preparations; these were often ineffective, and the common practice of "pushing" digitalis caused serious, sometimes lethal side effects. Today, a more complete understanding of the regulation of cardiac work and pathophysiology of heart failure is having a profound impact on therapeutic strategy for this common condition. Despite more powerful means to augment myocardial contractility and much more effective diuretics, therapy that relies only on inotropic stimulation and diuresis is no longer optimal for the majority of patients with heart failure. Thus, strategies for the therapy of heart failure must take into account new understanding of mechanisms that initiate, perpetuate and exacerbate the hemodynamic and myocardial abnormalities in these patients. Recognition of the detrimental effects of excessive afterload and the importance of relaxation (lusitropic) as well as contraction (inotropic) abnormalities has led to widespread acceptance of vasodilator therapy, which has dramatically improved our ability to alleviate the symptoms of heart failure. Changes that result from altered gene expression in the hypertrophied myocardium of patients with congestive heart failure can give rise to a cardiomyopathy of overload that, although initially compensatory, may hasten death. These and other advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology, biochemistry and molecular biology of heart failure provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies that can slow the progressive myocardial damage that causes many of these patients to die, while at the same time improving well-being in patients with congestive heart failure.
Cultural Issues in Processing Plants and on Farms

Abstract Poultry processing plants are increasingly reliant on immigrant laborers as a supply of willing, unskilled workers. Likewise, poultry farmers also recruit and employ immigrants for menial tasks and upkeep on farms. The primary reasons for immigrant labor in the poultry industry include readily available employment, willing employers who actively seek immigrants, and the competitive advantages of an immigrant workforce. Although these immigrants have had an impact on poultry producing regions, little discussion has developed over the social and political implications of these immigrants. Nonetheless, several authors have recently forwarded arguments about these impacts: some argue that the new immigrants will fail to assimilate and enculturate, thus causing a fraying of local and national social structures, whereas others argue that American culture will become accomodationist as immigrants assimilate, thus forging a new American demographic that is still nonetheless American. This paper argues that assimilation and enculturation will be episodic and by no means certain but dependent on social-demographic factors for success. Likewise, practical impacts of immigration in plants and on farms are discussed.
PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome: early tumour development in children

Objective The aim of this study was to report the earliest age of diagnosis of common clinical findings in children with PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome (PHTS). Design Medical records of children with PHTS were reviewed; data included growth measurements, presence or absence of specific clinical manifestations and tumours, and documented ages of diagnosis. Setting Children with PHTS evaluated at Boston Children9s Hospital from 1996 to 2011. Patients The cohort included 34 children diagnosed with PHTS via genetic testing, under the age of 21 years. Of these, 23 were male and 11 female. The mean age at their last documented clinical evaluation was 13.6 years. The mean follow-up time was 7.5 years. Results Macrocephaly and developmental/intellectual disability were consistent findings. Pigmented penile macules were noted in all males examined for this finding. Thyroid nodules, found in half the children screened with ultrasound, were diagnosed as early as at 5 years of age. Thyroid carcinoma, identified in 12% of the children in this cohort, was diagnosed as early as at 7 years of age. Other tumours included renal cell carcinoma diagnosed at 11 years of age and granulosa cell tumour of the ovary and colonic ganglioneuroma, each diagnosed at 16 years of age. Conclusions Specific clinical findings and tumours are characteristic in children with PHTS. Tumour development occurs in young children with this condition, which necessitates early surveillance, especially of the thyroid.
Division Two 4-Year College and University Teaching Award Winners: A Composite Profile

The curricula vitae and award citations for the 15 winners of Division Two's 4-Year College and University teaching excellence awards (1980 to 1994) were analyzed in order to construct a composite profile of the typical recipient. This profile was then compared with the relevant characteristics of the 1995 awardee. A high degree of similarity was observed. The awards program seems to have been successful at recognizing teachers who might otherwise not have received national attention.
Chemical characteristics of ice residual nuclei in anvil cirrus clouds: evidence for homogeneous and heterogeneous ice formation

Abstract. A counterflow virtual impactor was used to collect residual particles larger than about 0.1 μm diameter from anvil cirrus clouds generated over Florida in the southern United States. A wide variety of particle types were found. About one-third of the nuclei were salts, with varying amounts of crustal material, industrial metals, carbonaceous particles, and sulfates. Ambient aerosol particles near the anvils were found to have similar compositions, indicating that anvils act to redistribute particles over large regions of the atmosphere. Sampling occurred at a range of altitudes spanning temperatures from −21 to −56°C. More insoluble (crustal and metallic) particles typical of heterogeneous ice nuclei were found in ice crystals at warmer temperatures, while more soluble salts and sulfates were present at cold temperatures. At temperatures below about −35 to −40°C, soluble nuclei outnumbered insoluble nuclei, evidently reflecting the transition from primarily heterogeneous to primarily homogeneous freezing as a source of anvil ice.
Smoothly Blending Vector Fields for Global Robot Navigation

We introduce a new algorithm for constructing smooth vector fields for global robot navigation. Given a ddimensional cell complex with each cell a convex polygon, our algorithm defines a number of local vector fields: one for each cell, and one for each face connecting two cells together. We smoothly blend these component vector fields together using bump functions; the precomputation of the component vector field and all queries can be done in linear time. The integral curves of the resulting globally-defined vector field are guaranteed to arrive at a neighborhood of the goal state in finite time. Except for a set of measure zero, the vector field is smooth. The resulting vector field can be used directly to control kinematic systems or can be used to develop dynamic control policies. We prove convergence for the integral curves of the vector fields produced by our algorithm and give examples illustrating the practical advantages of our technique.
What is Genealogy

This paper offers a theory of genealogy, explaining its rise in the nineteenth century, its epistemic commitments, its nature as critique, and its place in the work of Nietzsche and Foucault. The crux of the theory is recognition of genealogy as an expression of a radical historicism, rejecting both appeals to transcendental truths and principles of unity or progress in history, and embracing nominalism, contingency, and contestability. In this view, genealogies are committed to the truth of radical historicism and, perhaps more provisionally, the truth of their own empirical content. Similarly, genealogies operate as denaturalizing critiques of ideas and practices that hide the contingency of human life behind formal ahistorical or developmental perspectives.
An Analysis Of The United Arab Emirates Banking Sector

The UAE has a fragmented banking sector. A total of 46 domestic and foreign banks are operating in the UAE. The banking sector is somewhat protected; however, foreign banks are becoming increasingly active in the economy. The banking sector is gearing up to meet global challenges by adopting Basel II banking standards. The big five banks dominate the banking sector and all of the large ten banks are financially sound. The banking sector is well managed by the UAE Central Bank which is a positive factor for the country’s growth and globalization efforts because the UAE banking sector has grown drastically and is gearing up for global competition.
Miscellaneous Conditions Affecting the Wrist and/or the Hand

Median nerve compression is supported by a latency >4.5 s and reduction of amplitude and velocity across the wrist.
Transplantation of lean fetal hypothalamus restores hypothalamic function in Zucker obese rats

Rats with lesions to the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) manifest obesity, hyperphagia, and hyperinsulinemia, and fetal VMH transplantation into the third cerebroventricle of VMH-lesioned rats reduces the development of obesity caused by the lesion. The aim of this study was to determine whether the hyperphagia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia of obsese Zucker rats could be corrected by the transplantation of lean fetal Zucker hypothalamic tissue into the third cerebral ventricle of Zucker obese rats. After the fetal hypothalamic transplant (obese-HY), the rate of weight gain was significantly diminished compared with the unoperated Zucker obese rats and the obese rats that received the transplantation of a similar amount of frontal cortical tissue from the same fetus (obese-FC). Food intake was significantly lower, and plasma triacylglycerol and insulin concentrations were also significantly reduced in the obese-HY rats compared with the obese and obese-FC rats. The weight of the adrenal glands, the plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration, the liver weight, and the liver lipid content in obese-HY were significantly less than those observed in the obese and obese-FC animals. There were no significant differences between the obese and the obese-FC animals or between unoperated Zucker lean rats and lean rats transplanted with lean fetal hypothalamus in all the parameters we determined in this study. Neovascularization and normal cellular morphology of the transplanted fetal hypothalamic tissue suggest that the transplanted neural and glial cells were viable and physiologically functional. In conclusion, this study offers evidence suggesting that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function is defective in Zucker obese rats, resulting in excessive weight gain, hyperphagia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperinsulinemia. The hypothalamic dysfunction in the Zucker obese rats is corrected by the transplantation of lean fetal hypothalamus.
The Value of the Mediterranean Diet for Older Adults: Emphasis on Obesity Interventions

The aim of this book chapter is to describe the beneficial properties of a Mediterranean diet in regard to healthy, overweight, and obese older adults, and to summarize the characteristics, prevalence, pathophysiology, impact, and controversial nature of late life obesity.
Biomedical Effects of Circadian Rhythm Disturbances

Circadian rhythms are biological processes that recur on a daily basis and exist to appropriately organize physiology, metabolism, and behavior relative to the 24-h light/dark cycle created by the rotation of the Earth. These rhythms are controlled by a genetically encoded molecular clock active in most, if not all, cells in the body. In mammals, these cell-autonomous oscillators are regulated and synchronized by the master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus through a variety of direct and indirect pathways. The circadian timekeeping system imposes integrated temporal organization to ongoing biochemical and physiological processes throughout the body, ensuring optimal functioning in the context of repeated environmental changes driven by the solar cycle. It is well known that shift workers are at greater risk for development of a large number of chronic diseases and recent experimental evidence has shown that disruption of circadian organization leads to physiological impairments and dysfunction that are relevant for disease development and pathology. In particular, circadian disturbances yield metabolic derangements capable of predisposing individuals to diabetes, obesity, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disease, and to disease states which have been linked to increases in risk for various cancers. In addition, the molecular circadian machinery has been linked to regulators of the cell cycle and other prominent pathways involved in cancer, including DNA repair and apoptosis. An understanding of the circadian timekeeping system and recognition of its fundamental role in temporal organization of biochemical pathways and physiological processes enables a framework upon which the concept of time on a 24-h basis can be applied to translational research and brought into the realm of clinical medicine in order to improve diagnostics, therapeutics and, ultimately, patient outcomes.
Effects of a More Accurate Polarizable Hamiltonian on Polymorph Free Energies Computed Efficiently by Reweighting Point-Charge Potentials.

We examine the free energies of three benzene polymorphs as a function of temperature in the point-charge OPLS-AA and GROMOS54A7 potentials as well as the polarizable AMOEBA09 potential. For this system, using a polarizable Hamiltonian instead of the cheaper point-charge potentials is shown to have a significantly smaller effect on the stability at 250 K than on the lattice energy at 0 K. The benzene I polymorph is found to be the most stable crystal structure in all three potentials examined and at all temperatures examined. For each potential, we report the free energies over a range of temperatures and discuss the added value of using full free energy methods over the minimized lattice energy to determine the relative crystal stability at finite temperatures. The free energies in the polarizable Hamiltonian are efficiently calculated using samples collected in a cheaper point-charge potential. The polarizable free energies are estimated from the point-charge trajectories using Boltzmann reweighting wit...
Effect of Complex Formation on Drug Absorption II: Lipoid-Soluble Dye Complexes

The intestinal absorption of certain water-soluble acidic dyes (bromthymol blue, methyl orange, and eosine-B) and some of their lipoid-soluble complexes has been investigated. The results of these studies show that the apparent lipoid–water partition coefficient does not reflect the intestinal absorption characteristics of the complexes investigated.
Mangrove expansion and contraction at a poleward range limit: climate extremes and land-ocean temperature gradients

Within the context of climate change, there is a pressing need to better understand the ecological implications of changes in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes. Along subtropical coasts, less frequent and warmer freeze events are expected to permit freeze-sensitive mangrove forests to expand poleward and displace freeze-tolerant salt marshes. Here, our aim was to better understand the drivers of poleward mangrove migration by quantifying spatiotemporal patterns in mangrove range expansion and contraction across land-ocean temperature gradients. Our work was conducted in a freeze-sensitive mangrove-marsh transition zone that spans a land-ocean temperature gradient in one of the world's most wetland-rich regions (Mississippi River Deltaic Plain; Louisiana, USA). We used historical air temperature data (1893–2014), alternative future climate scenarios, and coastal wetland coverage data (1978–2011) to investigate spatiotemporal fluctuations and climate-wetland linkages. Our analyses indicate that changes in mangrove coverage have been controlled primarily by extreme freeze events (i.e., air temperatures below a threshold zone of −6.3 to −7.6°C). We expect that in the past 121 yr, mangrove range expansion and contraction has occurred across land-ocean temperature gradients. Mangrove resistance, resilience, and dominance were all highest in areas closer to the ocean where temperature extremes were buffered by large expanses of water and saturated soil. Under climate change, these areas will likely serve as local hotspots for mangrove dispersal, growth, range expansion, and displacement of salt marsh. Collectively, our results show that the frequency and intensity of freeze events across land-ocean temperature gradients greatly influences spatiotemporal patterns of range expansion and contraction of freeze-sensitive mangroves. We expect that, along subtropical coasts, similar processes govern the distribution and abundance of other freeze-sensitive organisms. In broad terms, our findings can be used to better understand and anticipate the ecological effects of changing winter climate extremes, especially within the transition zone between tropical and temperate climates.
Using MARC to Catalog Medieval Manuscripts: Comments

These three papers, all attempting to deal with cataloging medieval manuscripts in the computer environment, have represented three mind-sets and three points of view. Hope Mayo has attempted to show us the uses and limitations of MARC—in itself, in its AMC (Archival and Manuscripts Control) format, as limited by the strictures of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules , as further limited by Steven Hensen’s Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts , and yet further limited by the particular application limitations imposed by the utilities OCLC and RLIN. She has compared this with a full-dress traditional description and not unnaturally has found the traditional . . .
CA 19-9: A surrogate to assess response to treatment in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC).

e15240 Background: Changes in CA 19-9 during chemotherapy have been reported to be of prognostic importance in MPC. However, the baseline CA 19-9 that can be considered useful for evaluation of suc...
Effectiveness of electrolyzed oxidizing water treatment in removing pesticide residues and its effect on produce quality

This study evaluated the effects of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water treatment on the removal of pesticide residues (diazinon, cyprodinil and phosmet) from spinach, snap beans and grapes, and the effect on produce quality. High available chlorine content (ACC) and long treatment time of EO water resulted in high pesticide removals. Up to 59.2, 66.5 and 37.1% of diazinon; 43.8, 50.0 and 31.5% of cyprodinil; 85.7, 73.0 and 49.4% of phosmet; were removed from spinach, snap beans and grapes, respectively, after 15min EO water treatment at 120mg/l ACC. EO water was also more effective than electrolyzed reduced water, bleach, VegWash and DI water on pesticide removal. In addition, no significant colour or texture deterioration were found on produce samples treated with EO water. It was concluded, EO water can be very effective in pesticide residue removal from fresh produce without affecting the produce quality.
Acute Pelvic Discontinuities

Pelvic discontinuities consist of a lack of continuity between the superior hemipelvis and inferior hemipelvis. Radiographic indications of a pelvic discontinuity include a visible fracture line, obturator ring asymmetry, and medial migration of the inferior hemipelvis with disruption of Kohler’s line. The surgical treatment of pelvic discontinuities is demanding given the fact that both fracture and implant fixation must be addressed. The first goal is to restore a biomechanically continuous pelvic ring connecting the superior and inferior aspects of the pelvis (and thus acetabulum). The second is to obtain a stable reconstruction based on rigidly fixed implants.
Resilience Matrix for Comprehensive Urban Resilience Planning

The Resilience Matrix is a framework for the performance assessment of integrated complex systems. This chapter reviews the development of the matrix then describes two case studies and discusses lessons learned. The structure is a 4 × 4 matrix; the rows describe the four general management domains of any complex system (physical, information, cognitive, social) as described in the US Army’s Network-Centric Warfare doctrine and the columns describe the four stages of disaster management (plan/prepare, absorb/withstand, recover, adapt) as defined by the US National Academy of Sciences in their definition of disaster resilience. Collectively, these sixteen cells provide a general description of the functionality of a system through an adverse event. The matrix serves as an organizing framework for a screening-level assessment of the resilience of a system with respect to each critical service it provides. Indicators linked to each cell can be used to describe system performance and identify areas for further investigation. Additionally, the matrix framework can be used to organize the many government agencies and community institutions across different spatial scales that contribute to the operation of each critical service. In this way the matrix serves as a tool to initiate resilience planning and coordination, address jurisdictional issues, and identify gaps in the various roles and responsibilities for complex urban systems where human performance and decision making plays a critical role. The case studies described here (Rockaway, New York City and Mobile, Alabama, USA) are focused on coastal community resilience in the face of storm surge and flooding; however, the lessons learned speak to the broader contribution of the resilience matrix to the fields of risk assessment and urban planning.
Fundamentals of Molecular Evolution

This chapter discusses some fundamental concepts of molecular evolution—that is, the evolution of genome and genetic diversity. The chapter discusses why an understanding of molecular evolutionary principles is important to understand the rationale for bioinformatic analyses. Basic premises of Darwinism are discussed along with a description of the pioneering work demonstrating “Darwinism in the test tube.” The molecular basis of heritable genetic variations and factors affecting gene frequency in a population are highlighted. The discussion moves on to the neutral theory of molecular evolution and molecular clock hypothesis. A simple method for determining signatures of positive (Darwinian) selection is also described. The relationship between biological classification and molecular phylogenetics is emphasized, along with a brief description of phenetics, cladistics, and evolutionary classification. The chapter concludes with a very brief introduction to the concept of the phylogenetic tree, which is discussed in more detail in Chapter 9.
Soil Nutrients Status after Fifty Years of Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization

Long-term studies are valuable in assessing the impact of crop management practices on soil sustainability and function. This study used two calculation scenarios, fixed depth and Equivalent Soil M...
Calibrating fear of rape: threat likelihood and victimization costs

Abstract Using an evolutionary perspective, we test the hypothesis that women's fear of rape will vary as a function of individual characteristics that increase vulnerability to rape, or which exacerbate the reproductive consequences thereof (i.e., mate value and conception risk). We also examine the internal structure and construct validity of the Fear of Rape (FOR) Scale ( Senn & Dzinas, 1996 ). In a large sample of women (N = 1267) the FOR scale demonstrated uni-dimensionality, internal reliability, and construct validity. An interaction between conception risk and mate value indicated that mate value is a positive predictor of women's FOR among women at high conception risk, but not low conception risk. These findings are consistent with the idea that women possess a psychological system for protecting reproductive choice that is sensitive to both the threat likelihood and reproductive costs of victimization.
Discovery of Potent and Specific CXCR3 Antagonists.

Detailed optimization efforts on a series of 8-azaquinazoline derivatives result in the identification of several CXCR3 antagonists with improved in vitro potency over AMG 487.
Variance of Basal Cell Carcinoma Subtype Reporting by Practice Setting

This study compares the reporting of histologic subtype by the type of institution that performed the initial biopsy of histologically confirmed basal cell carcinomas.
Baryogenesis via gravitational spontaneous symmetry breaking

We study baryogenesis in effective field theories where a $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}$-charged scalar couples to gravity via curvature invariants. We analyze the general possibilities in such models, noting the relationships between some of them and existing models, such as Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. We then identify a novel mechanism in which $\mathrm{U}(1{)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}$ can be broken by couplings to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant during inflation and reheating. Using analytic methods, we demonstrate that this mechanism provides a new way to dynamically generate the net matter-antimatter asymmetry observed today and verify this numerically.
Does isolation from immigrant students benefit or harm third-plus generation students?

Enforcing and expanding immigration restrictions have been at the forefront of the Trump administration’s agenda since his inauguration in January 2017. Underlying these policies is an assumption that immigrants harm U.S. citizens. More specifically, both authorized and undocumented immigrants are framed as consuming a disproportionate share of social benefits. We used data from the 2012 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) to assess this claim in U.S. high school contexts, focusing on the mathematics achievement of third-plus generation students who did not attend schools with immigrant students. On average, the third-plus-generation students who did not attend schools that enrolled first or second generation immigrant students had lower achievement than their same generation peers attending schools that served immigrant students. We conclude by highlighting the research and policy implications of our findings.
Rearing condition may alter neonatal development of captive Bolivian squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis).

Nursery rearing has well-known consequences for primate species. Relative to some other primate species, research has indicated a reduced impact of nursery rearing on squirrel monkeys, particularly in terms of rates, severity, and persistence of abnormal behavior. We administered the Primate Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment to 29 dam-reared and 13 nursery-reared squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis) at 2 and 6 weeks of age. Mixed-model ANOVAs comparing composite scores and individual assessment items across age, rearing status, and sex revealed a number of developmental differences. Dam-reared infants scored higher on all four composite measures compared to nursery-reared infants (p < .05) indicating that nursery-reared animals had slower motor development, were less active and attentive, and were more passive than their dam-reared counterparts. Consistent with infant rhesus macaques, nursery-reared squirrel monkeys showed an increased sensitivity to tactile stimulation (p < .05). Altogether, these results suggest a disruption of species-typical development when squirrel monkey infants are reared in a nursery setting, with activity, orientation, and state control areas most affected, though experimental research is needed to determine if this is a causal relationship. Contrary to previous behavioral research, there are likely developmental differences between dam-reared infant squirrel monkeys and those reared in a nursery setting.
Patterns of heart injury in COVID-19 and relation to outcome.

We read with much interest the article “Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID‐19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China” by Han et al as published in March 2020. In this retrospective, single center study authors have discussed the role of acute cardiovascular injury marker including CK‐MB, Myoglobulin, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and NT‐ proBNP on the outcome of 273 patients with COVID‐19 disease.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Organisation-based self-esteem in higher education: exploring subgroup differences in perceptions of worth

To date there is limited research on organisation-based self-esteem within the higher education environment. This quantitative study addresses that gap by investigating the differences in organisat...
The Creative Learning Spiral: Designing Environments for Flaring and Focusing

With growing interest in creative learning in recent years, this paper sought to define creative learning through the design of learning spaces. Two learner groups were studied for their interactions with peers, educators, and their spaces—design students at Harvard’s Graduate School of Design, a traditional architectural studio environment, and student entrepreneurs at the Harvard Innovation Lab, a startup venture incubator. The result was a new design framework called the creative learning spiral, which groups creative learning into four types of activities: sparking, making, grazing, socializing. The open layouts of both settings facilitated social learning activities of sparking, grazing, and socializing, whereas making time required students to create their own focused environments. The creative learning spiral can be used as a tool to assess the spatial needs of specific creative learning activities, in order to design environments that accommodate the needs of learners.
VELCRO-IP RNA-seq reveals ribosome expansion segment function in translation genome-wide.

Summary Roles for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in gene regulation remain largely unexplored. With hundreds of rDNA units positioned across multiple loci, it is not possible to genetically modify rRNA in mammalian cells, hindering understanding of ribosome function. It remains elusive whether expansion segments (ESs), tentacle-like rRNA extensions that vary in sequence and size across eukaryotic evolution, may have functional roles in translation control. Here, we develop variable expansion segment-ligand chimeric ribosome immunoprecipitation RNA sequencing (VELCRO-IP RNA-seq), a versatile methodology to generate species-adapted ESs and to map specific mRNA regions across the transcriptome that preferentially associate with ESs. Application of VELCRO-IP RNA-seq to a mammalian ES, ES9S, identified a large array of transcripts that are selectively recruited to ribosomes via an ES. We further characterize a set of 5′ UTRs that facilitate cap-independent translation through ES9S-mediated ribosome binding. Thus, we present a technology for studying the enigmatic ESs of the ribosome, revealing their function in gene-specific translation.
The Bond MarketAS Q

I propose an implementation of the q-theory of investment using bond prices instead of equity prices. Credit risk makes corporate bond prices sensitive to future asset values, and q can be inferred from bond prices. The bond market's q performs much better than the usual measure in standard investment equations. With aggregate data, the fit is three times better, cash flows are driven out and the implied adjustment costs are reduced by more than an order of magnitude. The new measure also improves firm level investment equations.
Detection and Mitigation of Inefficient Visual Searching

A commonly known cognitive bias is a confirmation bias: the overweighting of evidence supporting a hy- pothesis and underweighting evidence countering that hypothesis. Due to high-stress and fast-p...
Playing with Fire: Marketing Youth Toy and Working Firearms as Social Problem and Social Panacea

Like other children’s products, toy guns, non-powder firearms, and youth firearms such as rimfire and .22 models have become increasingly commodified since the 1940s. This chapter explores the trends in praise and condemnation, from the post-World War II era, when toy guns supposedly taught masculine values, through subsequent declining public support, concern over gun violence, and increased governmental regulation, to a firearm “renaissance” in the early 2010s, which inspired deregulation and renewed cultural and commercial interest in firearms, including youth products. Current commodification strategies include increased commercial availability and deregulation of replica non-powder firearms, promoting realistic qualities in toy guns and fanciful or colorful patterns for working youth firearms, and constructing youth rifles as products that strengthen social relations, build character, promote adventure, convey heritage, and teach responsibility. A textual analysis of 2019 marketing materials depicts youth firearms as sources of rationality, knowledge, and fun. As toy guns and youth firearms become increasingly morally controversial leisure products, industry has attempted to downplay threats, decouple products from the horrors of school shootings, and construct these items as social “goods.”
'IF YOU CAN WORK FROM ANYWHERE, WHY WORK ANYWHERE ELSE?': FLEXIBLE CITIZENSHIP, REGIMES OF MOBILITY, AND THE DISCOURSE OF DIGITAL NOMADISM

Digital nomadism is a term that has entered the cultural lexicon relatively recently to describe a lifestyle unbound from the traditional structures and constraints of office work (Makimoto and Manners, 1997; Cook, 2020; Thompson, 2018). This identity is organized around the digital technologies and infrastructures that make “remote work” possible, allowing digital nomads to claim “location independence” and granting them the freedom to travel while working (Nash et al., 2018). Largely employed as freelancers or as self-styled entrepreneurs, digital nomads assert their independence from the traditional strictures of work through the digital technologies they use at the same time that they remain “plugged in” to the infrastructures, economies, and lifeworlds of Silicon Valley (McElroy, 2019, p. 216). As such, the digital nomad represents a key site to examine privileged transnationalism and the enduring forms of coloniality that inform contemporary “regimes of mobility” (Hayes and Perez-Ganan, 2017; Glick Schiller and Salazar, 2013, p. 189). This paper considers how discourses of digital nomadism have been constructed, circulated, and leveraged by governments offering “digital nomad visas,” “remote work visas,” or “freelancer visas” to examine how regimes of mobility have been imagined and enacted. Utilizing discourse analysis to examine popular press articles, Instagram posts from the official accounts of tourism boards, and governmental websites, I examine the ways digital nomadism was constructed during the COVID-19 pandemic and consider how this lifestyle has been formalized and institutionalized. I argue that mobility itself has become a central resource through which nations compete for global capital accumulation.
Aging after spinal cord injury: A 30-year longitudinal study.

Background/Objective: This longitudinal study investigated changes in life satisfaction, general health, activities, and adjustment over 3 decades among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Pa...
Network-Aware Program-Counter-Based Disk Energy Management

Reducing energy consumption is critical to prolonging the battery life in portable devices. With rising energy costs and increases in energy consumption by devices in stationary systems energy expenses of large corporations can annually reach into millions of dollars. Subsequently, energy management has also become important for desktop machines in large scale organizations. While energy management techniques for portable devices can be utilized in stationary systems, they do not consider network resources readily available to stationary workstations. We propose a network-aware energy management mechanism that provides a low-cost solution that can significantly reduce energy consumption in the entire system while maintaining responsiveness of local interactive workloads. The key component of the system is a novel program-context-based bandwidth predictor that accurately predicts application’s bandwidth demand for file server/client interaction. Our dynamic mechanisms reduce the decision delay before the disk is spun-up, reduce the number of erroneous spin-ups in local workstations, decrease the network bandwidth, and reduce the energy consumption of individual drives.
The librarian's role in institutional repositories: A content analysis of the literature

Purpose – This paper aims to identify topics that are being addressed in the institutional repository (IR) literature, and to determine what the role of the librarian will be in IR projects.Design/methodology/approach – A thorough search was conducted to identify literature that has been published about IRs. A conceptual content analysis was conducted on the literature using eight category coding steps and a multicoder process including a review of intercoder agreement.Findings – The analysis of the 30 articles revealed that concepts found in the IR literature can be grouped into five major themes – definition, implementation, management, outcomes, and librarian's role. The analysis also indicated that there is only a limited discussion of the librarian's role particularly with regard to the relationship with self‐archiving authors, which is a key characteristic of IRs.Research limitations/implications – The paper identifies areas in the literature that have not been addressed and suggests areas for futur...
Computer-Mediated Communication as a Teaching Tool: A Case Study

AbstractToday’s students are encountering unconventional classrooms and methodologies and are being exposed to current and emerging technologies. Many of these technologies, such as networks, e-mail, telecommuting, online databases, and electronic bulletin boards, suggest that there is a need to prepare students and workers for human-to-machine interaction as well as for face-to-face communication. Additionally, the role of the teacher may take on more of the aspects of the “orchestra leader” than the “drum major” in order to coordinate the many electronic teaching tools that are available. The present study was undertaken to observe the effects of using computer-mediated communication (CMC) and appropriate groupware as a teaching tool. Effects on the students, the structure of the classroom, and interpersonal interactions were considered. Results indicate that the use of CMC can have a positive effect on students and interpersonal interaction, but that the implementation of this technology must be approp...
Internalism, externalism, and beyond: 19th-century British algebra

Abstract This paper discovers the roots of symbolical algebra in a three-quarters-of-a-century British discussion of sound reasoning, general terms, and signs—a discussion in which mathematical and philosophical elements were freely and perhaps inseparably intermingled. It establishes, in particular, a link between early-19th-century symbolical algebra and nominalism. Opening with a review of recent attacks on the rigid internal/external dichotomy, which underlies much of the modern history of science, the paper also serves as an example of the fertility of suspending the dichotomy in pursuit of earlier mathematical subcultures.
Roadmap for Optimization

This article, first published online on July 13, 2009 in Wiley Online Library (http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been revised at the request of the Editors-in-Chief and the Publisher. References and links have been added to aid the reader interested in following up on any technique. Please follow the link to the Supporting Information to view the original version of this article. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wics.16/suppinfo This article is intended as a broad overview of optimization. While often considered as a subset of operations research, optimization is a central concept for statistical theory, e.g., maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum entropy, minimum loss and risk, and so on. As data set sizes become larger, the computational framework of optimization becomes more important. In this article we cover mathematical programming, linear programming, dynamic programming, calculus of variations, and metaheuristic methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Acute effects of marijuana on cognition: Relationships to chronic effects and smoking techniques

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed acute effects on human cognition of marijuana smoking involving long or short durations of inhalation and breath holding. During eight test sessions, 48 adult, male volunteers completed standardized, pencil-and-paper tests of educational development and ability, as well as computerized tests of learning, associative processes, abstraction, and psychomotor performance. Marijuana impaired all capabilities except abstraction and vocabulary. These impairments were more pervasive than those associated with heavy, chronic marijuana use in a previous study involving the same tests, but showed some similarities. Marijuana altered associative processes, encouraging more uncommon associations. Marijuana-induced impairment in learning pairs of words was influenced by associative relationships between the words. There were a few hints that prolonged breath holding increased marijuana's effects under some test conditions, but in general it did not. Prolonged breath holding itself affected performance in four tests, regardless of whether subjects smoked marijuana or placebo. Whether physiological or psychological factors (e.g., exposure to carbon monoxide in smoke or subjects' expectations) produced these effects could not be determined.
Level scheme of Au198 determined by analysis of high-precision capture gamma-ray measurements☆

Abstract The gamma-ray spectrum resulting from the capture of thermal neutrons by Au 197 has been investigated by use of the Argonne 7.7-meter bent-crystal spectrometer. A total of 122 lines corresponding to transition energies less than 835 kev were observed. Their energies were determined with an average precision of 1 part in 5000. The method of generating a “most probable” level scheme for Au 198 from these measurements is described. A scheme containing 25 states is obtained which shows an unusual “fine structure” grouping of several levels.
Social identity: A multidimensional approach

Abstract In this study salience, importance, and multidimensional aspects of spontaneous social identities were examined. A Social Identity Survey was developed and administered to an ethnically diverse sample of American undergraduate students. Freely generated, social identities were rank ordered for importance and rated along four conceptually-derived dimensions: emotion, evaluation, importance, and stability. Results showed pattern differences among three groups of highly salient social identities: (a) gender, religion, and ethnicity; (b) academic major and student; and (c) hobbies and athletics. Ethnic differences suggest that mainstream Americans attributed less importance to the gender and ethnic identities in comparison with Asians and Hispanics.
A novel two-dimensional tactile slip display: design, kinematics and perceptual experiments

A novel two-degree-of-freedom tactile display reproduces the sensations of sliding contact and incipient slip through the rotation of a ball positioned under the user's fingertip. A pair of motor-driven wheels actuates the ball via contact friction. Mechanical performance requirements are used to define the dimensions and construction method of the device. Kinematic analysis shows that the drive wheel angles and their contact locations with the ball must be carefully selected in order to accurately control the axis of rotation and speed of the ball. However, psychophysical experiments indicate that some kinematic error is tolerable; errors of up to 20° in slip angle and 30p of a nominal velocity may be applied without detection from an average user. The lightweight, modular tactile display was attached to a multi-degree-of-freedom kinesthetic interface and used to display virtual environments with slip. Experimental results demonstrate that users complete a virtual paper manipulation task with lower applied forces using combined slip and force feedback in comparison with conventional force feedback alone.
Effects of Sleeping Position, Diet and Time after Feeding on Behavioral Activity States in Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infants

Effects of Sleeping Position, Diet and Time after Feeding on Behavioral Activity States in Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infants