cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The neonatal significance of selected perinatal events among infants of low birth weight. II. The influence of ruptured membranes.

A retrospective study was made of 356 infants who weighed less than 2,001 grams. One hundred thirty-three babies were delivered after premature rupture of the membranes. Nonaggressive management was utilized in uncomplicated situations. Vaginal examination was prohibited. Delivery was accomplished only for infection, abnormal presentation, bleeding, labor, or maternal complications. Corticosteroids were not used. There was significantly better survival of babies who weighed 500 to 1,200 grams than of the control infants. Babies who weighed 1,201 to 2,000 grams showed no significant difference. The advantage with ruptured membranes was also noticed among babies less than 30 weeks' gestation by mothers' date and newborn assessment. These advantages were noticed primarily among infants with membranes ruptured more than 48 hours. Appropriate for gestational age (AGA) babies survived more often than small for gestational age (SGA) babies. The incidence of respiratory complications was not altered. The incidence of maternal fever was significantly higher among patients referred for care than among our own. Mortality among referred febrile patients was higher than among our own; no deaths occurred among the latter. Few cases of sepsis occurred, and there were no deaths caused purely by sepsis. The suggestion is that prolonged ruptured membranes in infants of very low birth weight confers some advantage. This advantage may be abolished if fever is prolonged, and infection may be promoted by vaginal examination.
Akiwowo, Orature and Divination: Approaches to the Construction of an Emic Sociological Paradigm of Society*

There has been a growing concern to "decolonize" the social sciences so that they reflect more accurately the non-Western peoples and societies they tacitly purport to help. Unfortunately, few critics of Western social theory have invested more than a minimal amount of energy attempting to outline a more relevant theoretical frame and demonstrate a methodology that would aid in the development of such a frame. This article will be used as a vehicle through which to explore a few themes found within the seminal works of the pioneering sociologist, Akinsola Akiwowo. I will note his efforts to formulate a methodology that would engage an indigenous African philosophy to construct an emic sociological paradigm of African society. This exploration will include a look at those elements that Akiwowo deems as viable sources for this paradigm. Of particular interest is Akiwowo's acknowledged use of orature connected with Yoruba divination. Finally, I try to amplify the implications that traditional African divination has for the growth of indigenous sociological theory.
"We Are Wyoming": An Arts Integrated Teaching and Inquiry Project.

ABSTRACTThis article is about a year-long teaching and research project conducted with 696 4th graders (mostly 10-year olds) and their 36 teachers in Wyoming/USA. The researchers employed an action research approach. They planned and taught a two-day, Wyoming-themed, interdisciplinary unit, We Are Wyoming, which integrated Social Studies, Language Arts, and Visual Art. The research focused on students’ engagement and resultant learning. This article includes a discussion of project goals; description of methodology; an overview of unit activities; analysis of student and teacher learning; and thematic findings and recommendations. The inquiry documented high levels of engagement and standards-based learning, as well as learning and professional growth for the teacher educator/researchers.
Mapping, Battlefield Guidebooks, and Remembering the Great War

Though battlefield tourism dates at least to the Battle of Waterloo, the few years after the First World War brought tourists and pilgrims to battlefield sites and cemeteries in unprecedented numbers. Guidebooks to the Western Front appeared in similarly unprecedented numbers, chiefly for British Commonwealth, American, and French readers. Foremost among them were those published by Michelin, which were distinctive from their competitors in their commitment to the private automobile as a means for touring the front. Michelin battlefields guidebooks combined historical narratives of campaigns; dramatic photographs of towns and landscapes during and after the war; and narrative battlefield tours, panoramas, and maps. The itineraries demonstrated a sophisticated understanding of the advantages automobility afforded tourists in the comprehension of battlefield topography, tactics, and chronology. Characterizing battlefield tourism as a form of pilgrimage, they were minimally commercial in approach but patriotic in tone. As such, they were suitable counterparts to the battlefield monuments and cemeteries memorializing the conflict, then under construction. At the same time, the guides and their maps illustrated the ironic ease with which the motor tourists who used these guidebooks could traverse territory so recently mired in bitter conflict notorious for its immobility cannot be overlooked. Michelin’s battlefield guides marked the emergence of an automobile tourism and mapping that emphasized both free-ranging exploration of the countryside and national patriotic education.
Thermal processing for graphene oxide supercapacitor electrode reduction and wetting

Graphene is an excellent material for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors. Graphene electrodes have been fabricated using a variety of methods. Many of these methods are based on using graphene oxide and then reducing it using one of the various possible methods, resulting in reduced graphene oxide. This report focuses on thermal reduction along with thermally assisted ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte wetting of the electrodes. The thermal processing of graphene electrodes with IL shown here results in superior supercapacitor performance through improved IL wetting of the electrodes, due to reduced IL viscosity at elevated temperatures.
Farmers' experiences and perceptions of the NAADS Agricultural Extension System/Program in Kabale district, Uganda

Agricultural knowledge and information play a major role in agricultural development, particularly in food production in Uganda. One of the influential extension approaches used for the past decades has been extension-centered approach which focused more on improving efficiency in agricultural production rather than the educational process. The new National Agricultural Advisory Services (NAADS) extension program has emphasized a farmer -centered approach. The purpose of the study was to explore the farmers’ experiences and perceptions of the NAADS agricultural extension systems/program in Kabale district, Uganda. The study addressed two main research questions: (1) What are the perceptions of farmers regarding the NAADS information delivery approach; and (2) What is the level of farmers’ comprehension and the extent to which they have applied the skills and new technologies learned from education extension programs. Qualitative design through interviews from selected farmers was applied to gain information regarding farmers’ experiences and perceptions of the NAADS Agricultural Extension Program in four sub-counties of Kabale district: Bukinda, Bubare, Kyanamira and Rubaya. An analysis of NAADS program documents was also carried out to gather data for the study. Results from the study indicated that learning in small groups provided farmers an opportunity to brainstorm, analyze, and identify their farming needs and priorities. Although NAADS enabled farmers to participate in an enterprise (crop) selection, the process was perceived by the farmers as more of a popular participation rather than helping them articulate their actual needs and prioritize them. Recommendations were made to provide a
3D printed nerve guidance channels: computer-aided control of geometry, physical cues, biological supplements and gradients.

Nerve guidance channels for peripheral nerve injury: Over the past decade, nerve guidance channels (NGCs) have emerged as a promising technology for regenerating gap injuries in peripheral nerves. Nerve gap injuries resulting from neurodegeneration and trauma, such as car accidents and battlefield wounds, affect hundreds of thousands of people annually. Motivated by suboptimal results obtained with the current gold standard of autologous grafting (i.e., autografts), various commercially available NGCs composed of synthetic and biomaterials are now alternatively available (Jia et al., 2014; Jones et al., 2016).
Use of Antioxidant-Coated Salts as N-Nitrosamine Inhibitors in Dry- and Brine-Cured Bacon1

Several experiments were completed to further evaluate use of α-tocopherol-coated salts as inhibitors of N-nitrosamine formation in fried bacon. Studies with dry-cured bacon prepared with various levels of α-tocopherol indicated that the chemical did not contribute to formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). N-Nitrosopyrrolidine levels for the α-tocopherol-treated bacon samples were generally below 5 μg/kg, which represents an average reduction of approximately 70%. Experiments were also done to evaluate the role of lecithin as a possible precursor of NDMA in brine-cured bacon. At concentrations used to disperse α-tocopherol in the curing brine, lecithin did not contribute to NDMA formation in bacon prepared with α-tocopherol-coated salts.
An integrative analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data in activated, CD4+CD45RO+CD196+ human T cells treated with IL-1B and IL-23 with or without PGE2

The advances in various "omics" technologies enable quantification of various biological molecules in a high-throughput manner, and thus allow us to integrate multiple layers of information for comprehensive understanding of biological processes or human diseases. Among them, the assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) is recently developed for the efficient detection of open chromatin regions in a genome, while RNA-seq is widely used for the measurement of whole genomic gene/transcript expressions. To date, there are few studies of using ATAC-seq on multiple clinical samples, not even to mention integrating ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data from the same human donors. In this study, we generated paired-end ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data in CD4+CD45RO+CD196+ T cells from 32 pairs of human donors that were treated in short-term, ex vivo cultures with T cell activation beads, IL-1B and IL-23 with or without PGE2. We analyzed the ATAC-seq data with a pipeline based on sequence aligner Bowtie2, peak caller MACS2, as well as peak annotation and motif discovery tool Homer, and used Samtools to obtain read counts in peak regions as signals of chromatin accessibility for all samples. We also analyzed the RNA-seq data with a pipeline based on the tools STAR and Cufflinks, and counted read number for each gene in each sample with featureCounts to get gene expression profiles. Next, we separately analyzed differentially accessible chromatin regions and differentially expressed genes between the two treatments with DESeq2, and extracted the overlapped differential genes from the two data results. Interestingly, the fold-changes of these genes were also significantly associated. Therefore, we further integrated the two kinds of data with a linear mixture-effect model, which regressed gene expressions against chromatin accessibilities near the same genes with additional adjustments for the different treatments and a random effect of the paired sample information, to identify chromatin regions that were significantly associated with the nearest gene expressions. We also discovered some motifs and IBD related SNPs in the differentially accessible chromatin regions, which might indicate the regulation of differential gene expressions. In addition, we performed a functional analysis on the differential genes and identified enriched pathways, such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT signaling and inflammatory bowel disease pathways. In summary, we developed pipelines and approaches for the integrative analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq data, and applied it on 32 pairs of human samples. We identified widespread significant differences of chromatin accessibility and gene expression between two treatments, as well as many regulatory associations between the two kinds of data. Our results demonstrated the feasibility and usefulness of integrating chromatin accessibility and gene expression data in the study of regulatory mechanisms of complex diseases.
Associations between receipt of a treatment summary, emotional concerns, and patterns of care among post-treatment cancer survivors.

52 Background: Treatment summaries (TS), a critical component of survivorship care plans, were identified as a tool to improve long-term outcomes for the 12 million cancer survivors alive in the United States. Methods: In 2010, the Lance Armstrong Foundation fielded the LIVESTRONG Survey for People Affected by Cancer. Respondents were recruited through several channels including partnerships with national organizations such as ASCO. Over a 9-month period, 12,682 people completed the survey, including 3,682 post-treatment cancer survivors (PTCS). The survey addressed post-treatment concerns including receipt of TS. Full survey results were presented at the 2011 ASCO Annual Meeting. Results: Receipt of TS data was available for 3,042 PTCS: average age (50); female (65%); average time since diagnosis (6 years); received a TS (34%). PTCS who received TS reported that they were closer to time since diagnosis or since treatment ended (p < 0.01); more likely to have received chemotherapy (p < 0.01); more often r...
Systems theory and a drive towards model-based safety analysis

We propose that systems engineering principles taken from multidisciplinary engineering, from model-based design and systems engineering, and from new, emerging methods for safety analysis of complex, coupled systems can be applied to extend the methods of system safety assurance into a so-called field of "Model-based Safety Analysis". The safety analysis methods are based on a model of accident causality that is grounded in systems theory and frames safety as a control problem rather than just a reliability problem. This perspective can capture behaviors that are prevalent in complex, human- and software-intensive systems, and the paper includes a few brief examples to demonstrate the approach. This model-based safety analysis supplements existing model-based systems engineering activities, as well as other safety-related activities and can be applied early in concept development when design details or system specifications are not yet available-it provides a formal means for reasoning about immature system design concepts.
Constrained Model Predictive Control of a Solid-State Polymerization Process

Abstract An industrial application of constrained model predictive control (CMPC) to a solid-state polymerization process is presented. The system has six controlled variables and seven manipulated variables, presenting possible opportunities for economic optimization. A commercially available CMPC software package is used in the investigation. The step response model used in the software is developed from experimental plant tests. Excellent performance has been achieved in terms of servo and regulatory control and optimization.
Turning Classroom Failure Into Student Success: The Value of Integrating Resiliency Building Activities in the Academic Classroom:

Millennials are a unique generational cohort populating the classroom, leaving university professors with the challenge of appropriately preparing them for the chaotic workforce. One challenge is t...
The Rat Endovascular Perforation Model of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

The rat endovascular perforation model is considered the closest replica of human condition. Since its development, this model has been extensively used to study early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, like any other animal model, it has advantages and limitations. The following is a brief review of the rat endovascular perforation SAH model. One section is dedicated to technical considerations that can be used to overcome the model limitations.
A Retrospective Review of the Phenomenon of Gait Freezing (P1.075)

OBJECTIVE: This study further investigates the phenomenon of gait freezing, including the prevalence of the underlying disorders accounting for patients who present at onset with gait freezing, epidemiologic factors, associated neuroimaging, and evolution of gait freezing in these patients. BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of what is often described as “gait freezing” is not uncommonly encountered. However, little has been described in regards to the prevalence and spectrum of etiologies underlying patients who present initially with gait freezing, as well as the natural history. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients evaluated by a Movement Disorders neurologist at the Mayo Clinic who presented with gait freezing. Epidemiologic data, associated clinical features, neuroimaging, and diagnoses were reviewed along with data regarding levodopa responsiveness, lumbar puncture and shunting, or other diagnostic and treatment modalities. RESULTS: A total of 50 cases were reviewed. Final diagnoses in decreasing frequency included neurodegenerative parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy including primary akinesia and gait freezing variants, Parkinson9s disease, normal pressure hydrocephalus, vascular parkinsonism, Lewy body dementia, corticobasal syndrome, multiple system atrophy, post-anoxic parkinsonism, communicating hydrocephalus, obstructive hydrocephalus, motor neuron disease, orthostatic myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia, age-related changes, functional gait disorder, and stiff person syndrome. In 16[percnt] of patients, neuroimaging revealed abnormal associated findings including ventriculomegaly or structural lesions. Only around 10[percnt] of patients had significant improvement in gait with levodopa therapy, though in around one third of patients, potentially reversible or treatable conditions were identified. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the vast array of etiologies seen in patients who at onset present with gait freezing, including the high occurrence of neurodegenerative parkinsonism and progressive supranuclear palsy which accounted for almost half of all cases. Additionally, this illustrates further clinical and diagnostic clues concerning identification of the potentially reversible or treatable etiologies in patients who present with this diagnostic entity. Disclosure: Dr. Owens has nothing to disclose. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose. Dr. Savica has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hassan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bower has nothing to disclose. Dr. Matsumoto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ahlskog has nothing to disclose.
The dynamics of success and failure: how post-behaviour evaluations relate to subsequent exercise intentions and behaviour.

Objective: Exercise behaviour change involves multiple experiences with success and failure. The Model of Action Phases (MAP) offers a dynamic account of how success and failure influence both immediate evaluations and future decisions and actions. However, predictions from the MAP have not been formally tested.Design: A longitudinal daily diary study was used to examine how post-behaviour evaluations of exercise success and failure influence subsequent exercise intentions and behaviour. Participants (N = 104) set exercise goals, and then kept a daily online exercise diary for four weeks.Main outcome measures: Participants self-reported exercise behaviour, affective response to exercise, self-evaluations after success or failure at following through on intentions to exercise, and intentions to exercise in the next week.Results: Multilevel modelling revealed significant within- and between-participant relationships among post-behaviour evaluations, intentions and subsequent behaviour. Findings supported MA...
Fundraising for Smaller Academic Libraries: Strategies for Success

Abstract This article focuses on fundraising for smaller academic libraries. Fundraising obstacles and strategies for overcoming them are examined, and the smaller academic library that has little or no endowment and is located at a baccalaureate institution is targeted. Particular emphasis is given to institutions evolving from two-year to four-year programs.
Prophylactic Hypogastric Artery Ligation during Placenta Percreta Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective To evaluate if prophylactic hypogastric artery ligation (HAL) decreases surgical blood loss and blood products transfused. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study comparing patients with placenta percreta undergoing prophylactic HAL at the time of cesarean hysterectomy versus those who did not. Data were presented as means ± standard deviations, proportions, or medians with interquartile ranges. Demographic and clinical data were compared in the groups using Student's t -test for normally distributed data or the Mann–Whitney U test for nonnormally distributed data. Fisher's exact test was used for proportions and categorical variables. Data are reported as significant where p was Results There were 26 patients included in the control group with no HAL and 11 patients included in the study group. Estimated blood loss for the study group was 1,000 mL versus 800 mL in the control. Units of PRCBs transfused were 4.5 units in the study group versus 2 units for the control group. None of these measures were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion Our data suggest there was no benefit in the use of prophylactic HAL in decreasing surgical blood loss or amount of blood products transfused in patients who had a cesarean hysterectomy performed for placenta percreta. Precis Prophylactic HAL does not decrease blood loss during surgery for placenta percreta.
Nonpharmacokinetic Clinical Factors Affecting Aminoglycoside Therapeutic Precision

A Monte Carlo simulation study evaluated the effects of a simulated ‘good’ or ‘poor’ ward care setting, pharmacy, laboratory and phlebotomy service on the resulting precision of control of serum tobramycin concentrations in a representative (theoretical) patient receiving the drug. The ward care (precise dose administration and recording of times given) and the pharmacy (precise dosage preparation) played significant roles in achieving precise serum concentrations whereas laboratory (assay precision) and the phlebotomy service (precise labelling of blood specimen times) were considerably less important. However, use of a simulated ‘smart’ infusion pump contributed most to therapeutic precision.
Information retrieval via universal source coding

This dissertation explores the intersection of information retrieval and universal source coding techniques and studies an optimal multidimensional source representation from an information theoretic point of view. Previous research on information retrieval particularly focus on learning probabilistic or deterministic source models based on primarily two different types of source representations, e.g., fixed-shape partitions or uniform regions. We study the limitations of the conventional source representations on capturing the semantics of the given multidimensional source sequences and propose a new type of primitive source representation generated by a universal source coding technique. We propose a multidimensional incremental parsing algorithm extended from the Lempel-Ziv incremental parsing and its three component schemes for multidimensional source coding. The properties of the proposed coding algorithm are exploited under two-dimensional lossless and lossy source coding. By the proposed coding algorithm, a given multidimensional source sequence is parsed into a number of variable-size patches. We call this methodology a parsed representation. Based on the source representation, we propose an information retrieval framework that analyzes a set of source sequences under a linguistic processing technique and implemented content-based image retrieval systems. We examine the relevance of the proposed source representation by comparing it with the conventional representation of visual information. To further extend the proposed framework, we apply a probabilistic linguistic processing technique to modeling the latent aspects of a set of documents. In addition, beyond the symbol-wise pattern matching paradigm employed in the source coding and the image retrieval systems, we devise a robust pattern matching that compares the first- and second-order statistics of source patches. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the proposed framework justifies the superiority of the proposed information retrieval framework based on the parsed representation. The proposed source representation technique and the information retrieval frameworks encourage future work in exploiting a systematic way of understanding multidimensional sources that parallels a linguistic structure.
Robust Control of a Flexible Double Gimbal Mechanism

Parameter uncertainty in nonlinear models for the control of flexible double gimbal mechanism has been shown to have an effect on a controller's ability to manage the residual energy at the end of a maneuver. Non-zero residual energy can drive the system from the desired terminal point. In this paper, we compare the performance of two strategies for controlling the flexible double gimbal mechanism. The first approach is a two degree of freedom sensitivity function based control that uses feedback to reduce parameter sensitivity. The second approach is an application of unscented optimal control, where a robust open loop optimal control is designed and used to manage uncertainty and reduce the residual energy. We show that both approaches produce significant reductions in mean residual energy and can manage deleterious flexible effects.
Darwinian selection and religion: emic and etic contrasts

With The Emergence and Evolution of Religion: By Means of Natural Selection, Turner, Maryanski, Petersen, and Geertz collectively author a brilliant and compelling narrative of religious transforma...
Seagulls and Eagles: Indian Principals’ Perceptions of School Leadership for Indian Students

Historically, Native American students have lagged far behind their non-Native peers in education achievement. While no consensus exists in the research of effective school reform efforts, one fact...
A Unified Framework for Quality Indexing and Classification of Seismocardiogram Signals

The seismocardiogram (SCG) is a noninvasively-obtained cardiovascular bio-signal that has gained traction in recent years, however is limited by its susceptibility to noise and motion artifacts. Because of this, signal quality must be assured before data are used to inform clinical care. Common methods of signal quality assurance include signal classification or assignment of a numerical quality index. Such tasks are difficult with SCG because there is no accepted standard for signal morphology. In this paper, we propose a unified method of quality indexing and classification that uses multi-subject-based methods to overcome this challenge. Dynamic-time feature matching is introduced as a novel method of obtaining the distance between a signal and reference template, with this metric, the signal quality index (SQI) is defined as a function of the inverse distance between the SCG and a large set of template signals. We demonstrate that this method is able to stratify SCG signals on held-out subjects based on their level of motion-artifact corruption. This method is extended, using the SQI as a feature for classification by ensembled quadratic discriminant analysis. Classification is validated by demonstrating, for the first time, both detection and localization of SCG sensor misplacement, achieving an F1 score of 0.83 on held-out subjects. This paper may provide a necessary step toward automating the analysis of SCG signals, addressing many of the key limitations and concerns precluding the method from being widely used in clinical and physiological sensing applications.
Alfarabi's Book of Dialectic (Kitāb Al-Jadal): On the Starting Point of Islamic Philosophy

Widely regarded as the founder of the Islamic philosophical tradition, and as the single greatest philosophical authority after Aristotle by his successors in the medieval Islamic, Jewish, and Christian communities, Alfarabi was a leading figure in the fields of Aristotelian logic and Platonic political science. The first complete English translation of his commentary on Aristotle's Topics, Alfarabi's Book of Dialectic, or Kitāb al-Jadal, is presented here in a deeply researched edition based on the most complete Arabic manuscript sources. David M. DiPasquale argues that Alfarabi's understanding of the Socratic art of dialectic is the key prism through which to grasp his recovery of an authentic tradition of Greek science on the verge of extinction. He also suggests that the Book of Dialectic is unique to the extent to which it unites Alfarabi's logical and political writings, opening up novel ways of interpreting Alfarabi's influence.
REMOTE: Robust External Malware Detection Framework by Using Electromagnetic Signals

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are controlling many critical and sensitive aspects of our physical world while being continuously exposed to potential cyber-attacks. These systems typically have limited performance, memory, and energy reserves, which limits their ability to run existing advanced malware protection, and that, in turn, makes securing them very challenging. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes, Remote , a new robust framework to detect malware by externally observing Electromagnetic (EM) signals emitted by an electronic computing device (e.g., a microprocessor) while running a known application, in real-time and with a low detection latency, and without any a priori knowledge of the malware. Remote does not require any resources or infrastructure on, or any modifications to, the monitored system itself, which makes Remote especially suitable for malware detection on resource-constrained devices such as embedded devices, CPSs, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices where hardware and energy resources may be limited. To demonstrate the usability of Remote in real-world scenarios, we port two real-world programs (an embedded medical device and an industrial PID controller), each with a meaningful attack (a code-reuse and a code-injection attack), to four different hardware platforms. We also port shellcode-based DDoS and Ransomware attacks to five different standard applications on an embedded system. To further demonstrate the applicability of Remote to commercial CPS, we use Remote to monitor a Robotic Arm . Our results on all these different hardware platforms show that, for all attacks on each of the platforms, Remote successfully detects each instance of an attack and has $ 0.1 percent false positives. We also systematically evaluate the robustness of Remote to interrupts and other system activity, to signal variation among different physical instances of the same device design, to changes over time, and to plastic enclosures and nearby electronic devices. This evaluation includes hundreds of measurements and shows that Remote achieves excellent accuracy ( $ 0.1 percent false positive and $>$ > 99.9 percent true positive rates) under all these conditions. We also compare Remote to prior work EDDIE [1] and SYNDROME [2] , and demonstrate that these prior work are unable to achieve high accuracy under these variations.
Bridging protein structure, dynamics, and function using hydrogen/deuterium-exchange mass spectrometry

Much of our understanding of protein structure and mechanistic function has been derived from static high-resolution structures. As structural biology has continued to evolve it has become clear that high-resolution structures alone are unable to fully capture the mechanistic basis for protein structure and function in solution. Recently Hydrogen/Deuterium-exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) has developed into a powerful and versatile tool for structural biologists that provides novel insights into protein structure and function. HDX-MS enables direct monitoring of a protein's structural fluctuations and conformational changes under native conditions in solution even as it is carrying out its functions. In this review, we focus on the use of HDX-MS to monitor these dynamic changes in proteins. We examine how HDX-MS has been applied to study protein structure and function in systems ranging from large, complex assemblies to intrinsically disordered proteins, and we discuss its use in probing conformational changes during protein folding and catalytic function. STATEMENT FOR A BROAD AUDIENCE: The biophysical and structural characterization of proteins provides novel insight into their functionalities. Protein motions, ranging from small scale local fluctuations to larger concerted structural rearrangements, often determine protein function. Hydrogen/Deuterium-exchange Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) has proven a powerful biophysical tool capable of probing changes in protein structure and dynamic protein motions that are often invisible to most other techniques.
Complete Traumatic Trifocal Failure of the Extensor Mechanism of the Knee: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

The unique case of a rare 3-level extensor mechanism failure in a 28-year-old male, involving a tibial tubercle avulsion fracture, a patellar tendon avulsion off the tibial tubercle fragment, and a severely comminuted patella fracture, and the surgical technique required to repair such an injury is presented. Focus is spent on the unique repair of a tendon injury when both proximal and distal bony attachments are damaged. Trifocal knee extensor mechanism is a rare clinical entity with minimal literature available—to date, this injury has only been reported in a retrospective review of combat-related injuries in military personnel. It is important to maintain an understanding of knee extensor mechanism anatomy and perform thorough investigation of high-energy knee injuries to ensure adequate treatment of all injuries. The outcome presented in this case shows that positive results after complex extensor mechanism injuries may be achieved, but limited data exists to elucidate optimum treatment. It is essential for surgeons to have firm grasp of techniques used to treat each segment of the extensor mechanism so that they may be combined when a patient presents with complex, multifocal injury.
How do we manage student projects?: panel discussion

Project work may be included in any class but it is fundamental to the senior-level capstone class that is a part of the degree requirements of most undergraduate computer science programs. Projects expose students to the practical problems of software development, but the very nature of projects that provide dynamic and unscripted learning opportunities for students also creates additional challenges for instructors. Left to themselves most student teams will tend to thrash about and end-up in crisis mode, spending inordinate amounts of time (that they do not have!) on the project in the last week or two before the project ends. Such an ending whether in the "real world" or on an academic exercise is inevitably unsatisfying. Clearly, instructor intervention is required, but what kinds of intervention are appropriate and successful? This panel focuses on our experiences in managing student projects. We have no magic potions or silver bullets; instead, we will share techniques that work for us and some techniques that have not worked as well.
Reflections on the Utility of the Retina as a Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Literature Review

As a part of the central nervous system, the retina may reflect both physiologic processes and abnormalities related to diseases of the brain. Indeed, a concerted effort has been put forth to understand how Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology may manifest in the retina as a means to assess the state of the AD brain. The development and refinement of ophthalmologic techniques for studying the retina in vivo have produced evidence of retinal degeneration in AD diagnosed patients. In this review, we will discuss retinal imaging techniques implemented to study the changes in AD retina as well as highlight the recent efforts made to correlate such findings to other clinical hallmarks of AD to assess the viability of the retina as a biomarker for AD.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the CO2 Dilution Effect on Laminar Burning Velocities and Burned Gas Markstein Lengths of High/Low RON Gasolines and Isooctane Flames at Elevated Temperatures

The exhaust gas recirculation effect on the laminar burning velocity (SL) and flame stability of CO2-diluted isooctane/air and high/low research octane number (RON) gasoline/air mixtures was invest...
Spatial study of particulate matter distribution, based on climatic indicators during major dust storms in the State of Arizona

Arizona residents have been dealing with the suspended particulate matter caused health issues for a long time due to Arizona’s arid climate. The state of Arizona is vulnerable to dust storms, especially in the monsoon season because of the anomalies in wind direction and magnitude. In this study, a high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with a chemistry module (WRF-Chem) was simulated to compute the particulate matter spatiotemporal distribution as well as the climatic parameters for the state of Arizona. Subsequently, Ordinary Least Square (OLS), spatial lag, spatial error, and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) techniques were utilized to develop predictive models based on the climatic indicators that impacted the formation and dispersion of the particulate matter during dust storms. Census tracts were adopted to create local spatial averages for the chosen variables. Terrain height, temperature, wind speed, and vegetation fraction were designated as the most significant variables, whereas base state and perturbation pressures, planetary boundary layer height and soil moisture were adopted as supplementary variables. The determination coefficient for OLS, spatial lag, spatial error, and GWR models peaked at 0.92, 0.93, 0.96, and 0.97, respectively. These models provide a better understanding of the current distribution of the particulate matter and can be used to forecast future trends.
Nitrogen isotope fractionation of amino acids from a controlled study on the green turtle (Chelonia mydas): expanding beyond Glx/Phe for trophic position

Compound specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids (AA CSIA) has been used to study the trophic ecology of many marine organisms because of its ability to characterize the δ15N value at the base of a food web while simultaneously providing trophic position information from a single tissue sample of a consumer. Although application of this method is becoming more widely used in trophic studies, critical assumptions such as amino acid designation and trophic discrimination factors remain unresolved for many taxa and tissue types. In this study, we used captive green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in a controlled feeding study to determine and evaluate individual amino acid isotope fractionation patterns and trophic discrimination factors (TDFs) for skin and plasma. Our data build on findings from previous studies that show that the traditional paradigm of using glutamic acid and phenylalanine as trophic and source amino acids, respectively, for trophic position estimation is consistent for green turtles; we also provide evidence to support the potential utility of other combinations of amino acids for trophic position calculations. Green turtle TDFs for glutamic acid and phenylalanine were 4.0 ± 0.5 ‰ and 6.6 ± 0.7 ‰ for skin and plasma, respectively. We found serine to have the largest Δδ15N (turtle-diet discrimination) value of all amino acids in both skin and plasma, while lysine Δδ15N values were consistent for use as a source amino acid in skin and plasma tissue. We evaluated our TDFs by estimating trophic position of four sea turtle species using previously published amino acid isotope data. These results indicate that for green turtles, the traditional use of glutamic acid and phenylalanine along with a combination of trophic amino acids paired with lysine can provide robust trophic position estimates. Moreover, we highlight the taxa and tissue-specific nature of amino acid nitrogen isotope fractionation patterns in green turtle tissues and underscore that well-approximated TDFs can refine trophic position estimates for sea turtles.
‘Surrogates All Make that Choice to Help’: Surrogacy in the Neoliberal Reproductive Market

Recent scholarships on neoliberal practices document how, in varied settings, people who would benefit from regulation embrace the neoliberal logic. Drawing on ethnographic research on the largest US online surrogacy support forum I explore surrogates’ discussions of choices and responsibilities. Surrogates maintain that infertile couples, whom they see as emotionally vulnerable, have no choice but to turn to surrogacy. Surrogates claim to be well-informed, intelligent, independent, and empathic woman who assume responsibility for the legal, relational, and medical aspects of pregnancy and reject standardization of ‘surrogacy journeys’. They want more oversight of fertility clinics and surrogacy agencies but ultimately argue for individual accountability. Surrogates’ discussions provide insights into the reasons why practitioners are, in many ways, in alignment with neoliberal ideas and practices: because they are compatible with collective definition of surrogacy as a private rather than a business relationship.
A Sequential Fast Pyrolysis Facility Location-Allocation Model

The revised Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) mandates the U.S. consume16 billion gallons per year (BGY) of biofuels from cellulosic sources by the year 2022. Fast Pyrolysis of biomass is a renewable conversion process developed for producing liquid transportation fuels, such as gasoline and diesel.
SOCE in the cardiomyocyte: the secret is in the chambers

Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is an ancient and ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathway that is present in virtually every cell type. Over the last two decades, many studies have implicated this non-voltage dependent Ca2+ entry pathway in cardiac physiology. The relevance of the SOCE pathway in cardiomyocytes is often questioned given the well-established role for excitation contraction coupling. In this review, we consider the evidence that STIM1 and SOCE contribute to Ca2+ dynamics in cardiomyocytes. We discuss the relevance of this pathway to cardiac growth in response to developmental and pathologic cues. We also address whether STIM1 contributes to Ca2+ store refilling that likely impacts cardiac pacemaking and arrhythmogenesis in cardiomyocytes.
Association of antenatal steroids with neonatal mortality and morbidity in preterm infants born to mothers with diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

BACKGROUND Randomized trials of antenatal steroids (ANS) included women at 24-33 weeks gestational age (GA); however, few women had preeclampsia and women with diabetes mellitus (DM) were excluded. METHODS Cohort study including preterm births at 230/7-286/7 weeks GA before (Epoch-1) and after (Epoch-2) expansion of ANS administration to women with DM and hypertensive disorders (HTN). We compared Group-A (neither DM nor HTN) and Group-B (DM and/or HTN). RESULTS Among 747 neonates the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for surfactant administration, in-hospital mortality, severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and death or severe IVH were lower in ANS-exposed neonates than unexposed neonates. In Group-B, ANS administration was independently associated with less severe IVH and less death or severe IVH, but not less surfactant use or mortality. CONCLUSIONS Increased ANS administration in women with DM and/or HTN was independently associated with less severe IVH and less death or severe IVH but without decrease in surfactant administration.
Disparities in cancer prevalence in African Americans: A United States population study 2021.

6531Background: African-Americans (AA) have the highest incidence and death rates from cancer and the shortest survival of all racial groups in the USA, as reiterated by the American Cancer Society...
Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome Presenting After COVID-19 Vaccination.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is associated with a plethora of neurological complications. Newly developed vaccinations targeting the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral spike protein represent a great epidemiological promise with respect to the resolution of the pandemic. However, vaccinations are not without side effects and, in rare cases, have even been implicated in various autoimmune phenomena. In this report, we describe a case of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS), a granulomatous inflammatory process of the cavernous sinus, occurring in a patient one week after getting COVID-19 vaccination. This rare diagnosis of exclusion must be considered in patients presenting with painful ophthalmoplegia.
Autologous osteochondral transplantation for focal femoral condyle defects: Comparison of mosaicplasty by arthrotomy vs. arthroscopy.

Abstract Background While many studies have reported the outcomes of open mosaicplasty, data on arthroscopic mosaicplasty are scarce. Only two cadaver studies have compared arthrotomy and arthroscopy. Moreover, the patello-femoral joint, which is the main donor site, has never been assessed using a specific functional score. The objective of this in vivo study was to compare arthrotomy and arthroscopy for mosaicplasty using both a global functional knee score and a specific score of the patello-femoral joint. Hypothesis The arthroscopic technique results in better functional patello-femoral outcomes. Material and methods We retrospectively compared two groups of 17 patients who underwent mosaicplasty for focal condylar cartilage defects, at our department between 2009 and 2019. Functional outcomes were assessed using the Kujala score and the Lysholm score, at least 1 year after surgery. The return to sports was assessed using the Tegner score. Results Mean follow-up was 67.4 ± 15.9 months in the arthrotomy group and 45.2 ± 35.1 months in the arthroscopy group (p Discussion This is the first clinical study comparing arthrotomy and arthroscopy for mosaicplasty. Clinical outcomes were good with both techniques. The proportion of patients with excellent Lysholm and Kujala functional scores was significantly higher in the arthroscopy group than in the arthrotomy group. This result may be ascribable to decreased donor-site morbidity obtained with arthroscopy. Level of evidence IV, retrospective observational comparative study.