cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When Judges, Laws, Ethics, and Rules of Practice Collide: A Case Study of Assent and Disclosure in Assessment of a Minor

ABSTRACT A case of wrong ful adoption is presented in which liability of a defendant was prin cipally depend ent upon the correct diagnosis of a minor child. The parentssued for dam ages due to the failure of an agency to release information related to the diagnosis of psychopath-ology of the child. Since a correct, accurate diagnosis of the child's cognitive and behavioral status was a determining issue in liability and damages, the defendant adoption agency requested and the court or dered (overobjectionsofthepar ents) apsychological examination by defendant's expert. The court or dered, on motion of the parents, that the child be in formed neither of the purpose of the examination nor of the judge's or der that the mother be allowed to observe and video tape the examination through one-way glass. The judge's or der included findings of fact that it was not in the best in ter est of this child to be in formed of those matters. This presents adilemma for the psychol ogist since an examination by a psycho...
Normal Negative Emotions and Mental Disorders

The basic goal of psychiatric diagnosis is to distinguish genuine mental dysfunctions from normal, albeit distressing, emotions. This task is especially difficult because, unlike other medical specialties, psychiatry does not have biological markers that can validate diagnoses of mental disorders. Therefore, diagnostic criteria have an outsized role in psychiatry compared to other medical fields. Until the development of the DSM-III in 1980, psychiatric diagnoses were general, continuous, and causal. In contrast, the diagnostic system that emerged in the DSM-III and that has remained basically intact until the present has been specific, categorical, and a causal. This type of classification, however, is prone to mistake contextually appropriate symptoms as indicators of mental disorders. Cutting-edge research incorporates the context in which symptoms emerge and persist to separate normal, distressing emotions from mental illnesses. It also develops alternatives to the DSM's categorical diagnoses. Other valuable studies try to differentiate conditions that stem from evolutionarily normal genes that no longer fit modern environments rather than from genetic or psychological dysfunctions within individuals. Going forward, research must attempt to use biological, psychological, and social factors to develop definitions that adequately distinguish normal responses to stressful environments, evolutionary mismatches, and mental disorders. It will also try to find biomarkers that can set appropriate boundaries between natural and pathological conditions. Finally, it will consider the best ways to optimize the balance between under- and over-diagnosing mental illnesses. Keywords: psychiatric diagnosis; mental illness; DSM-5; depression; anxiety; history of psychiatry
Reading, Writing, and Redemption: Literacy Sponsorship and the Mexican-American Settlement Movement in Texas

Social settlements established in the United States in the late nineteenth century and the twentieth century were important sites of literacy sponsorship for immigrant families. In Texas settlement houses differed from their larger Eastern and Midwestern counterparts in that they were founded against a backdrop of often angry anti-Mexican sentiment and in a region in which the white settlers themselves were often the more recent immigrants. An understanding of these differences contributes to a more complete picture of the varieties of social settlement experiments and their literacy practices in the United States.
Dealer Trade Group: High‐Tech Venturing in a Low‐Tech Industry

Early one morning in August 2001, Carter Crockett groaned as he pulled his rickety Honda Accord into the parking lot at 6:53 a.m. Todd Greenway’s new, oversized bright red truck was already there. Crockett was president of Dealer Trade Group (DTG) and Greenway was vice president of sales. Arriving before anyone else gave Crockett time to get ahead of the daily rush of activity; it used to be the best part of his day. But Greenway had started arriving earlier just so he could say he worked the longest hours. This early bird competition used to be fun but was becoming antagonistic. Greenway had an office next to the main entrance and Crockett had begun to resent the gloating of his unavoidable morning greetings. Despite a series of “bumps in the road,” Crockett, other senior managers, and investors believed that DTG was faring better than many online business-to-business (B2B) ventures. They knew the road would not be smooth. Indeed, it had not been: DTG offered a revolutionary, high-tech way of doing business to dealers who were mostly comfortable with traditional, low-tech automobile wholesaling. Yet sales were growing and DTG was beginning to establish credibility despite its online marketplace business model. Although DTG was still burning more cash than it was making, profitability seemed just a few months away. Crockett, who once worked at Microsoft, felt a growing sense of unease. Friction was rising between him and Greenway, who was an auto industry veteran. It had begun to undermine his authority with employees and his relationships with DTG’s investors and board. Privately, Crockett assumed much of the blame. He wondered if it was possible for him to earn Greenway’s respect and the board’s trust. He knew both were necessary to run DTG effectively. Crockett had headed DTG for 2 years. He knew other entrepreneurs who hamstrung their ventures by refusing to “let go of the wheel” when they should have. Was he taking this venture down a similar road? The original plan called for him to run DTG until they hired an industry veteran. When he suggested the idea of resigning to the board, however, they interpreted his concerns as common venture-growing pains and expressed no interest in finding an expensive CEO. Still, Crockett was uneasy. Would an industry veteran lead DTG more effectively? Was it time to get out?
“Perpetual affirmations, unexplained”: The rhetoric of reiteration in Coleridge, Carlyle, and Emerson

This essay explores the power of reiteration as a rhetorical form. Focusing on examples from Coleridge, Carlyle, and Emerson as they sought to make matters of faith, imagination, and intuition persuasive without recourse to argument, it raises the question again of the relationship of rhetoric and logic.
An Examination of Selected Consequences of Revitalization in Six US Cities

This paper examines four selected consequences of private market revitalization in 12 neighborhoods in six US cities. The analysis reveals that the physical quality of properties has been improved significantly, property assessments have increased substantially, and the investment in the properties by newcomers to the neighborhoods has encouraged original owners to improve their properties in one-third of the neighborhoods studied. However, the increase in assessed values generally has lagged far behind increases in the market value of the properties. Reinvestment also appears to have generated negative consequences. Many of the renters living in the neighborhoods prior to the start of reinvestment, many of whom had a low socioeconomic status, may have been displaced. In addition, the assessed value of properties owned by persons living in the neighborhoods prior to revitalization and not improved during revitalization increased as a result of the changes occurring in the neighborhoods. The percentage inc...
Brain Activity Measured by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is Related to Patient Reported Urgency Urinary Incontinence Severity

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between experimental neuroimaging and self-reported urinary incontinence measures.Materials and Methods: We evaluated 14 functionally independent, community dwelling women older than 60 years with moderate to severe urgency urinary incontinence. All underwent detailed clinical assessment (3-day bladder diary, 24-hour pad test and quality of life assessment), urodynamic testing and functional brain scanning. Brain activity during reported urgency was assessed using a method that combines functional magnetic resonance imaging with simultaneous urodynamic monitoring during repeat bladder filling/emptying cycles. We used the statistical parametric mapping program SPM2 (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/spm2.html) to correlate brain activity with relevant clinical covariates, including the number of urgency incontinent episodes, amount of urine leakage and psychological burden as assessed by the Urge Impact Scale questionnaire.Results: Activity in rostral and subgenual ...
Prototype Formation among Professional Dancers

Professional dancers were asked to learn a series of dance steps which were derived from a base geometric pattern considered to be a prototypic pattern. Exemplar steps varied in terms of their similarity to the base pattern. Following training, subjects were given a recognition task in which previously experienced dance steps were performed along with new steps and the prototype dance. The subjects were asked to judge if each of a second set of dance steps were “old” or “new” and to give confidence ratings. The results showed that professional dancers falsely recognized the prototype dance as an old dance. The judged familiarity of test dances was directly related to the mathematically determined similarity of test items to the prototype. A second group of non-professional subjects were presented with identical conditions. Non-professional dancers also falsely recognize the prototype dance as an old dance. The results suggest that experts in dance, as well as non-experts, store frequently experienced feat...
Immunizations in college health: the remaining tasks.

Abstract Vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly measles and rubella, continue to have an adverse impact on health on college campuses. During 1985, 354 cases of measles (12.6% of the national total) occurred on 26 campuses in 14 states and the District of Columbia. Nearly two-thirds of college students with measles in 1985 had inadequate evidence of immunity. A total of 65 students (18.4%) required hospitalization; 3 died, accounting for all measles-related deaths in 1985. In 4 outbreaks accounting for 103 (29.1%) college cases, the index case was a student who acquired measles while traveling abroad. During 1983–1985, 7 rubella outbreaks were reported on the nation's campuses with 132 cases (6% of the national total). Three-quarters of college students with rubella had inadequate evidence of immunity. Measles and rubella can be eliminated from college campuses if college health services, clinicians, and public health officials (1) work to maintain high immunization levels, (2) improve surveillance an...
Analysis of the contact interactions between fingertips and objects with different surface curvatures

AbstractPrevious experimental observations indicated that the contact interactions between finger and tool handle interfere with the grasp stability, affecting the comfort and manipulations of handheld tools. From a biomechanical point of view, the curvature of the contact surface should affect the contact pressure and contact area, and thereby the comfort and manipulations of hand tools. The current authors analysed, via a finite element model, the contact interactions between fingertips and objects with different curvatures. The effects of the curvature on the contact stiffness, fingertip deformations, contact pressure distributions, and stress/strain distributions within the soft tissues were analysed. The simulation results indicated that the curvature of the contact interface influences the contact characteristics significantly. For a given contact force, the contact area and the contact stiffness increase but the contact pressure and the fingertip deformation decrease with the decrease of the contac...
DEEP Revisited: Another Reply

Based on an independent analysis of the data used to evaluate the Developmental Economic Education Program of the Joint Council on Economic Education, Luker raises questions about the statistical methodology and the conclusions reached by Walstad and Soper in an article published in the Journal in the Winter 1982 issue. A defense of the original study is presented in the two replies.
Interferon-γ induces polymeric immunoglobulin receptor mrna in human intestinal epithelial cells by a protein synthesis dependent mechanism

Abstract Transport of secretory IgA into external fluids is mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the surface of mucosal epithelial cells. We studied the mechanism by which interferon-γ (IFN-γ) induces pIgR expression in HT-29.74 cells, a subclone of the HT-29 cell line selected for high concns of pIgR. Here we report the isolation of genomic DNA and cDNA clones encoding human pIgR and development of a sensitive ribonuclease protection assay for pIgR mRNA. This assay was used to determine if induction of pIgR by IFN-γ is mediated by accumulation of pIgR mRNA. After an initial lag of 12 hr, pIgR mRNA increased seven-fold in response to IFN-γ, reaching a plateau at 24 hr. Concentrations of pIgR protein also increased seven-fold, but the increase was delayed until 48 hr following stimulation with IFN-γ. Cycloheximide treatment abolished the IFN-γ induced increase in pIgR mRNA, indicating that induction of pIgR mRNA by IFN-γ requires de novo protein synthesis. These results suggest that induction of pIgR expression by IFN-γ involves an increase in steady-state concns of pIgR mRNA via a protein synthesis dependent mechanism.
A problem of discrete choice: Moody's municipal bond ratings

Abstract This article focuses on an important discrete choice problem in business and economic research—the determination of general obligation municipal bond ratings by Moody's Investors Service, Inc. The problem is examined by using N-chotomous probit analysis on a data set that is more representative of the population of cities with Moody's bond ratings and that includes measurements for more of the community characteristics said to be examined by Moody's analysts than the data used in previous research. Several new insights on how population, housing, debt, and geographic variables influence municipal bond ratings are obtained from the use of this larger and more varied data sample.
On a nonsmooth version of Newton's method using locally lipschitzian operators

In this study we are concerned with the problem of approximating a locally unique solution of an operator equation in Banach space using Newton’s method. The differentiability of the operator involved is not assumed. We provide a semilocal convergence analysis utilized to solve problems that were not covered before. Numerical examples are also provided to justify our approach.
Endovenous ablation with concomitant phlebectomy is a safe and effective method of treatment for symptomatic patients with axial reflux and large incompetent tributaries.

Objective To examine outcomes following 1000 consecutive endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) closures of saphenous veins and 500 ambulatory phlebectomy procedures for chronic venous insufficiency. Based on the outcomes in this patient cohort, we aim to determine whether concomitant or staged phlebectomy is preferred and examine the rate and optimal treatment of complications using a dedicated treatment algorithm based on our classification system for level of closure following these procedures. Methods Between 2004 and 2012, patients with symptomatic superficial venous incompetence who underwent endovenous RFA of incompetent saphenous veins were identified as well as patients with concomitant or staged microphlebectomy. Demographics, risk factors, procedural success rate, concurrent procedures, complications, and symptom relief were recorded. Results One thousand radiofrequency ablations (95.5% great saphenous vein and accessory great saphenous veins, 4.5% small saphenous vein) were performed in the ambulatory setting (patients = 735, limbs = 916); 355 limbs with large (>3 mm) symptomatic incompetent tributaries underwent concomitant phlebectomy. Additionally, 145 limbs required phlebectomy at a later setting for persistent symptoms following saphenous RFA. Indications for treatment included lifestyle-limiting pain (94.8%), swelling (66%), lipodermatosclerosis (5.3%), ulceration (9.4%), and/or bleeding (1.4%). All patients (100%) underwent a follow-up ultrasound 24 to 72 hours following the procedure to assess for successful closure and to rule out deep venous thrombosis. The majority of patients (86.7%) had relief of their symptoms at a mean follow-up of 9 months. No patients developed postoperative deep venous thrombosis; however, saphenous closure extended partially into the common femoral vein wall in 18 patients (1.8%) and flush with the saphenofemoral junction in 47 (4.7%). One patient developed a pulmonary embolus despite a normal postoperative ultrasound. No other patients required hospital admission and no deaths occurred during the follow-up period. Conclusions The majority of patients with symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency benefit from endovenous RFA of incompetent saphenous veins with comparable results to published surgical outcomes for endovenous closure. The great majority of patients with refluxing tributary veins greater than 3 mm in diameter required phlebectomy in addition to saphenous ablation. These patients may benefit from concomitant phlebectomy along with endovenous saphenous closure.
Identifying and Treating Common and Uncommon Infections in the Patient with Diabetes

Patients with diabetes represent a unique group of individuals who appear more prone than others to developing infections. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between diabetes and infections. However, few conclusive studies exist and considerable debate continues regarding evidence for this predisposition. Despite this lack of documented proof, many health care practioners acknowledge that a number of infections are overrepresented in patients with diabetes. Some of these infections appear to occur exclusively in patients with diabetes, especially patients who are poorly controlled.The presenting clinical features, causative organisms, and preferred treatment approaches will be discussed in this article for a variety of common and uncommon infections observed in patients with diabetes. In addition, the proposed predisposing factors will be addressed briefly
Profiling Natural Product Biosynthesis

Abstract Natural products are a rich source of therapeutics; however, artificially reengineering the biosynthetic pathways that generate these compounds could potentially generate "designer" drugs. Last month in Chemistry & Biology , Burkart and coworkers reported their technique to track and better understand the components of these pathways [1].
Low latency optical services

Applications are driving optical services to provide higher bandwidth, higher availability, and increasingly lower latency. These requirements conflict with current optical network design. New methods are needed for lower latency for these higher bandwidth services.
Cloning, sequencing, heterologous expression, and characterization of murine cytochrome P450 3a25*(Cyp3a25), a testosterone 6beta-hydroxylase.

A full-length cDNA clone encoding a novel form of the cytochrome P450 3A subfamily (Cyp3a-25) has been isolated from a mouse liver cDNA library. The sequence contained 2010 base pairs and encoded a protein with 503 amino acids. The amino acid sequence shared greater identities with rat CYP3A18 (90%) and golden hamster CYP3A10 (81%) sequences than with known mouse sequences (Cyp3a-11, Cyp3a-13, Cyp3a-16, and Cyp3a-41 [68–70%]). CYP3A25 was expressed in the Escherichia coli PCWori+ expression vector following slight modifications of the N- and C-terminals of the cDNA. The purified CYP3A25 was recognized on an immunoblot by CYP3A1 antibody and has a molecular weight of 50 kD. CYP3A25 was catalytically active in the 6β-hydroxylation of testosterone and the N-demethylation of benzphetamine and erythromycin. It was demonstrated by RT-PCR that the CYP3A25 mRNA is present in both fetal and adult tissues, including liver, lung, intestines, kidney, and brain. Northern blotting demonstrated that expression is greatest in the liver and small intestine. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 15:90–99, 2001
Catheptic Activity of Chicken Muscle: Quantitative Assay of the Hemoglobin‐Splitting Catheptic Activity

SUMMARY— A quantitative method was developed to assay the hemoglobin-splitting catheptic activity in chicken muscle. The catheptic activity of chicken breast muscle was found to be 34-fold greater than previously reported.
Blotting procedure for adequate drying of isolated tissue preparatory to chemical analyses.

IN performing chemical determinations on isolated tissues, one is faced with the problem of adequate removal of superficial fluid which adheres to the tissue. This fluid is usually removed by blotting with ‘ion-free’ filter paper. A search of the literature reveals little information concerning a suitable blotting procedure, so one is described here which ensures adequate removal of superficial but not intercellular fluid.
Ultrastructure of vesicourethral innervation: IV. Evidence for somatomotor plus autonomic innervation of the male feline rhabdosphincter

The male feline rhabdosphincter was studied ultrastructurally to define the patterns of innervation of its fibers. Two types of neural junctions were observed: classical neuromuscular junctions with motor end-plates (of both the en plaque and en grappe types), and surface junctions without any specialization of the related muscle fibers. The former represent somatomotor cholinergic, and the latter most likely autonomic cholinergic, adrenergic, and probable co-peptidergic neuromuscular junctions. These findings confirm the theory of triple innervation of the male feline rhabdosphincter, which was introduced originally on a histochemical basis.
The pitfalls of technology in the classroom

Scholars in the humanities and social sciences have legitimate concerns about the impact of computer technology on their budgets, their time, and their institutions. The discipline of computer science, however, is extremely well suited to the values of a classical liberal education: students who study it become intimately acquainted with objectivity, critical thinking, and personal responsibility. As such, computer science and computer technology should be a welcome ally in the battle for the soul of America's universities. In the long run, they inculcate values and intellectual habits that represent the best in American higher education.
Multiple equilibria in a minimal climate model

Abstract A two cell energy balance model includes long and shortwave radiation, heat transfer from warm places to cool places, greenhouse effect, and an albedo that depends on temperature. For a range of parameters, it has four stable equilibria, including one solution that is cool at low latitudes and warm at high latitudes. Discontinuous jumps between equilibrium states occur as parameters are varied. Conditions for these transitions to occur are found for the case of a single control parameter that models the strength of the greenhouse effect, and for the case of two controls that model the solar heating of each cell.
Experimental renal artery embolization in a combined MR imaging/angiographic unit.

PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use a combined x-ray angiography and MR imaging (XMR) system to manipulate intraarterial catheters and monitor the deposition of gadolinium (Gd)-impregnated embolic microspheres in vivo in a canine kidney model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven anesthetized dogs (18–28 kg) were studied. The renal arteries were catheterized under fluoroscopic guidance. Renal blood flow rates were assessed with velocity-encoded cine MR imaging before and after renal artery embolization with Gd-impregnated microspheres (300–500 and 500–700 μm in size). The particles were injected in vivo into 14 canine renal arteries under fast dynamic T1-weighted MR imaging guidance at one frame per second. Postembolic microsphere distributions were assessed with MR imaging and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). RESULTS Gd-impregnated microsphere injection into the renal arteries was successful in all animals. Renal enhancement due to the deposition of the particles persisted for at least 1 hour after the injection. The distribution of MR signal enhancement in the kidneys differed for the smaller versus the larger microspheres. The 300–500-μm microspheres deposited preferentially in the outer cortical regions, whereas the 500–700-μm microspheres preferentially deposited in the medulla and inner cortex. Renal blood flow was significantly reduced after the administration of both the 300–500-μm microspheres (from 3.9 to 1.0 mL/min/g) and the 500–700-μm microspheres (from 3.5 to 0.2 mL/min/g). CONCLUSION MR imaging permits real-time guidance of arterial embolization with Gd-impregnated microspheres.
A simple way to stabilize discrete systems with jump Markov parameters

A new control method is proposed to stabilize, in the exponential mean-square sense, linear discrete-time systems with discrete-time, discrete-state jump Markov parameters. This method offers a substantial computational advantage in that it requires only finite-time solutions of Riccati-like equations to achieve stabilization.
BIM Experiences and Expectations: The Constructors' Perspective

Building Information Modeling (BIM) applications are being rapidly embraced by the construction industry to reduce cost, time, and enhance quality as well as environmental sustainability. As a result many construction firms are gaining experience with these new tools and processes and changing their expectations from university graduates. As many construction programs strive to deliver curriculum and research that is relevant to the industry, it is essential to accurately understand the impact of BIM on the operations and practice of construction companies. Accordingly, this study benchmarks the current status of BIM implementations, organizational structures, training requirements, and strategies of construction companies and examines their expectations from university construction graduates in regard to BIM knowledge and skills. An online survey was devised to understand the current level of BIM expertise and strategies of construction companies and their expectations. The survey invited national and re...
DR BACA: dynamic role based access control for Android

Android as an open platform dominates the booming mobile market. However its permission mechanism is inflexible and often results in over-privileged applications. This in turn creates severe security issues. Aiming to support the Principle of Least Privilege, we propose and implement a Dynamic Role Based Access Control for Android (DR BACA) model to enhance Android security, particularly in corporate environment. Our system offers multi-user management on Android mobile devices comparable to traditional workstations, and provides fine-grained Role Based Access Control (RBAC) to enhance Android security at both the application and permission level. Moreover, by leveraging context-aware capabilities of mobile devices and Near Field communication (NFC) technology, our solution supports dynamic RBAC to provide more flexible access control while still being able to mitigate some of the most serious security risks on mobile devices. The DR BACA system can easily be managed, even in large business environments with many mobile devices. We show that our DR BACA system can be deployed and used with ease. With a proper security policy, our evaluation shows that DR BACA can effectively mitigate the security risks posed by both malicious and vulnerable non-malicious applications while incurring only a small overall system overhead.
Nonlinear optics of nontoxic nanomaterials

We studied the linear and nonlinear optical properties of halloysite nanotubes using Z-scan technique. Halloysite is alumina silicate clay rolled into 50 nm diameter hollow cylinders, where the silica layer is at the outer surface of the tube and alumina layer is in the inner surface. Optical absorption spectra show an absorption peak around 600 nm. Open aperture Z-scan measurements using 3 ns laser pulses at 532 nm reveal two-photon induced absorption. The closed aperture Z-scan indicates a positive nonlinear refractive index. As these nanotubes are nontoxic and biocompatible, they have advantages over conventional carbon nanotubes for biomedical applications.
Nature and use of piezoelectricity

Piezoelectricity means “pressure electricity.” It refers to those electrical effects produced when certain crystals are compressed, and conversely, to the deformation of crystals in an electric field. Several hundred different crystals have been found to be piezoelectric, but the only ones that are of present practical importance are natural crystals of quartz and tourmaline, and artificial crystals of Rochelle salt and ammonium phosphate. Important uses of these crystals are described.
The Skin-Layer Ocean Heat Flux Instrument (SOHFI). Part I: Design and Laboratory Characterization

Abstract An untended instrument to measure ocean surface heat flux has been developed for use in support of field experiments and the investigation of heat flux parameterization techniques. The sensing component of the Skin-Layer Ocean Heat Flux Instrument (SOHFI) consists of two simple thermopile heat flux sensors suspended by a fiberglass mesh mounted inside a ring-shaped surface float. These sensors make direct measurements within the conduction layer, where they are held in place by a balance between surface tension and float buoyancy. The two sensors are designed with differing solar absorption properties so that surface heat flux can be distinguished from direct solar irradiance. Under laboratory conditions, the SOHFI measurements agree well with calorimetric measurements (generally to within 10%). Performance in freshwater and ocean environments is discussed in a companion paper.
Optimized Gravity Models for Commodity Transportation

This study is based on a comprehensive commodity flow survey done in Alberta in 1977, which covered the full range of commodity flows by different modes of transportation. The survey data is grouped into specific commodity categories and a set of O‐D tables has been developed. The O‐D tables are the basis for the development of gravity models for commodity flows. A set of gravity models, one for each commodity category, has been developed to represent the commodity flows on a province‐wide basis. The gravity model for each category has been calibrated by an optimization technique that uses a power function and regression analysis. The calibrated gravity model is termed the “optimized gravity model” to indicate the new technique of calibration. The developed models are acceptable as shown by statistical measures and commodity haul frequency diagrams.
The double life of 'The mayor of Oakland'

The Fregean analysis of definite descriptions as referring expressions predicts that copular sentences with definite descriptions in postcopular position are invariably interpreted as identity statements. But as numerous diagnostics show, such sentences are frequently capable of receiving a predicational reading. A uniform Fregean analysis therefore won’t do. Things aren’t that simple, however. I show that descriptions which exhibit the structure [the + N + of + Proper Name] fall into two semantically distinct classes, and that the members of one of these classes of descriptions (those I call “identifying”) pattern with proper names in resisting a predicative reading. I argue that a proposal according to which referring expressions can quite generally undergo a type shift that transforms them into predicates thus fails on grounds of overgeneration. I propose that we can account for the data by instead appealing to two definite determiners: a Fregean determiner ‘ther’ which forms referring descriptions, and a determiner ‘thep’ which forms predicative descriptions. I argue that this proposal also correctly predicts that copular sentences with proper names in postcopular position fail to have a predicational reading. I conclude the paper by defending the analysis of names to which I appeal against an alternative view inspired by Burge (J Philos 70(14):425–439, 1973), and suggest a way in which the desired results could be achieved while making do with a single definite article.
Idealized Simulations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Its Multilevel Flows

Abstract A mesoscale numerical model with an idealized tropical channel environment is used to study the dynamics of intertropical convergence zones (ITCZs) and the recently identified shallow return flow (SRF) and midlevel inflow (MLI). Four idealized sea surface temperature (SST) distributions are used: a meridionally symmetric SST profile with a sharply peaked SST maximum at the equator, a similar profile with the maximum SST shifted off the equator, a cosine-shaped SST profile with zero gradient at the equator, and an idealized SST profile modeled after the observed SST of the eastern Pacific. The simulations show that both the SRF and the MLI are robust features of the ITCZ. The prior result that the SRF is a sea-breeze-like response to surface temperature gradients is further supported, whereas the MLI is caused by the upper-level maxima in diabatic heating and vertical motion. Simulations with the SST maximum at the equator generate long-lasting, convectively coupled Kelvin waves. When the SST maxi...
Oculomotor function in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Seventy patients with Parkinson's disease were examined specifically for several oculomotor functions. Representative patients had eye movements recorded electro-oculographically. This demonstrated some defects not clinically apparent and accentuated others. A surprisingly high percentage (75%) of patients showed some degree of impairment of some form of oculomotor function. There was a wide range of degree of disability, i.e. , jerkiness, “cog-wheeling” or “saccadic motion”, mild limitation of extent of gaze or dissociation of sequence of motion such as head turning preceding horizontal ocular deviation and limitation or even absence of gaze in various planes. Of the latter the most prominent was impairment of upward gaze which was somewhat more frequently encountered than was abnormality of downward gaze. Lateral gaze and convergence defects were less common. Eyelid abnormalities in the form of blepharospasm, lid retraction and ptosis were frequently encountered. Pupillary abnormalities were uncommon. Oculomotor dysfunction tended to be more severe in cases where other concomitant features of Parkinsonism were very prominent. A short-term study of the effects of levodopa therapy was conducted in 29 patients. There was a very poor response of oculomotor dysfunction, despite improvement in other Parkinsonian features in many of the patients.
Foreign Banks and US Loan Production Offices

Foreign commercial banks seeking to establish a multi‐state presence in the US have followed different approaches, including the use of loan production offices (LPOs) examined here. These are used primarily to facilitate off‐premise lending to borrowers outside the local service area, and are authorised to undertake all aspects of loan production except final approval and disbursement of funds. The policies regarding LPOs established by different states vary from complete prohibition to virtually unrestricted entry.
A web-based task-tracking collaboration system for the Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model

The Florida Public Hurricane Loss Model (FPHLM) is a large scale, multidisciplinary project developed to assist the state of Florida with the regulation of residential insurance premiums as they relate to insured losses caused by hurricane winds. The modeling services provided to clients using the FPHLM involve physically distributed personnel with different levels of technical expertise. Bringing together such a team to collaborate on the complex task of operating the FPHLM requires a centralized system to support the effective allocation of human resources, the tracking of the different stages of the data processing, and the exchange of information among team members and between the modeler and the clients. In this paper we present a web-based collaboration system that automates the FPHLM's insurance data processing workflow.
Optimized birefringence changes during isolated nerve activation

Single trial, birefringence signals associated with action potentials from isolated lobster nerves were optimized with high-intensity light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and glass polarizers. The narrow spectral output of the LEDs allowed us to select specific wavelengths, increasing the effectiveness of the polarizers and minimizing the stray light in the system. The LEDs produced intensity profiles equivalent to narrowband filtered 100-W halogen light, and birefringence signals were comparable or superior in size and clarity to halogen lamp recordings. The results support a direct correlation between signal size and polarizer extinction coefficient. Increasing the sensitivity of birefringence detection through the use of LED light sources could ameliorate noninvasive brain imaging techniques that employ fast optical consequences associated with action potential propagation.
Business Agility and Process Management

The turbulent modern business environments require firms to be more flexible and agile. This requires ability to quickly integrate and automate intra and inter-organizational business processes. An agile IT architecture is key to achieving success in this environment. Service oriented architecture and Web services provide means for achieving the business agility; however, significant impediments to wide scale adoption and use of these technologies remain. We will focus on significant challenges in the areas of service identification and design, cataloging and searching for appropriate services, domain specific standardization of service interfaces, matching service functionality with requirements, and service selection based on non functional characteristics. We describe an integrated framework based on standard modeling, design and code generation tools to support development of highly agile application systems. This framework is a result of multi year research effort aimed at developing methodologies and tools for defining business components and Web Services, develop schemes for describing components and services in business terms to allow efficient search of appropriate component/services and an environment for assembling application from reusable components and web services. Specific approaches used to address some of the challenges described above will be discussed.
Habitat differences in the feeding ecology of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus, Poey 1860): a comparison between artificial and natural reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico

Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus, Poey 1860) support a valuable commercial and recreational fishery in the northern Gulf of Mexico; however there is much debate as to the role of habitat, particularly reef structures, in the feeding ecology of this species. Furthermore, little information is available from fish collected on large natural reefs, such as those on the continental shelf edge, thought to be the historical center of abundance. Previous research indicates that little nutrition is derived directly from artificial reefs; rather the majority of prey comes from surrounding soft bottom habitat. The goal of this study was to determine if there are differences in the feeding ecology of red snapper between standing oil and gas platforms, toppled platforms designated as artificial reefs, and natural reefs on the continental shelf edge, using a combination of gut content and stable isotope analyses. Results indicate that fish dominated diets at all three sites, but that differences exist in the contribution of major prey items by percentage dry weight among habitats. Red snapper collected from standing platforms consumed primarily fish, squid, and shrimp, while greater amounts of crabs, shrimp, and other crustaceans were consumed at toppled platforms. On the natural reefs, diets varied the most, consisting of both fish and crustaceans. Stable isotope analyses suggest fish collected over the standing platforms are more enriched in δ15 N, indicating feeding at a higher trophic level than the other habitats. No differences were observed in mean values of δ13C or δ34S, indicating consistency in basal resources among habitats.
Anthocyanin Pigments in Tinto Cão Grapes

SUMMARY: The anthocyanin pigments present in the skins of Tinto cao grapes were extracted with 0.1% HCI in methanol. The pigments were purified by Dowex 50 W-X4 cation exchange resin, and separated into individual pigments by two-dimensional paper chromatography with n-butanol-acetic acid-water (4:1:5, v/v) and acetic acid-water-HCI (15:82:3, v/v) as solvent systems. Partial acid hydrolysis revealed the number of sugar molecules in each pigment. Acyl components and sugar moieties were identified through acid hydrolysis and spectral measurement. The Rf measurement of the pigments and their hydrolysis products, together with the alkaline degradation of the aglycone, confirmed the chemical structures of the anthocyanins as malvidin 3-monoglucoside, peonidin 3-monoglucoside, cyanidin 3-monoglucoside, petunidin 3-monoglucoside, petunidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with caffeic acid, malvidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with caffeic acid, malvidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, peonidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid, and cyanidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with caffeic acid. Malvidin and peonidin were not present in the original sample. They were formed during the extraction and purification procedures. Malvidin 3-monogfucoside and malvidin 3-monoglucoside acylated with p-coumaric acid were the dominant anthocyanins present in Tinto-cao grapes.
Framework for analysis of guaranteed QOS systems

Multimedia data is isochronous in nature and entails managing and delivering high volumes of data. Multiprocessors with their large processing power, vast memory, and fast interconnects, are an ideal candidate for the implementation of multimedia applications. Initially, multiprocessors were designed to execute scientific programs and thus their architecture was optimized to provide low message latency and efficiently support regular communication patterns. Hence, they have a regular network topology and most use wormhole routing. The design offers the benefits of a simple router, small buffer size, and network latency that is almost independent of path length. Among the various multimedia applications, video on demand (VOD) server is well-suited for implementation using parallel multiprocessors. Logical models for VOD servers are presently mapped onto multiprocessors. Our paper provides a framework for calculating bounds on utilization of system resources with which QoS parameters for each isochronous stream can be guaranteed. Effects of the architecture of multiprocessors, and efficiency of various local models and mapping on particular architectures can be investigated within our framework. Our framework is based on rigorous proofs and provides tight bounds. The results obtained may be used as the basis for admission control tests. To illustrate the versatility of our framework, we provide bounds on utilization for various logical models applied to mesh connected architectures for a video on demand server. Our results show that worm hole routing can lead to packets waiting for transmission of other packets that apparently share no common resources. This situation is analogous to head-of-the-line blocking. We find that the provision of multiple VCs per link and multiple flit buffers improves utilization (even under guaranteed QoS parameters). This analogous to parallel iterative matching.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A novel system for in vitro maturation of human oocytes.

Abstract Objective: To compare in vitro maturation of cumulus-free oocytes in glucose-free medium (P1) and standard medium (TC199). Design: Prospective, cohort study. Setting: Assisted reproductive technology program. Patient(s): One hundred eight patients undergoing ICSI. Intervention(s): Germinal vesicle–stage or metaphase I–stage oocytes were allocated to culture with P1 or TC199. Metaphase II oocytes were fixed for immunofluorescence analysis or fluorescence in situ hybridization at 24 or 48 hours (or both). Media were compared by performing conditional logistic regression analysis that controlled for egg-specific factors. Main Outcome Measure(s): Proportion of mature oocytes and appearance of normal spindle-chromosome cytoarchitecture. Result(s): At 24 hours, more P1 oocytes than TC199 oocytes reached metaphase II (59.7% vs. 44.9%). At 48 hours, 71.7% of P1 oocytes and 61.0% of TC199 oocytes reached metaphase II, but this difference was not significant. Metaphase II oocytes in P1 were 34.3% more likely than those in TC199 to have a bipolar spindle with aligned chromosomes. Compared with oocytes at the germinal vesicle stage at 0 hour, those at metaphase I at 0 hour were more likely to progress to metaphase II (72.6% vs. 46.1% at 24 hours; 84.1% vs. 60.6% at 48 hours). Conclusion(s): P1 is superior to TC199 for in vitro maturation of granulosa-free human oocytes.
Inhibition of the Peripheral Activity of Thyroid Hormone by Selected Thio-Compounds

Approximately 40 thio-compounds of the 2-thiopyrimidine, 2-thioimidazole, 2-thiobarbituric acid and 2-thiohydantoin type were tested for their inhibitory effects on the induction of liver mitochondrial α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) activity by L-thyroxine (L-T4). Of the compounds tested, 5,5-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) was found to be the most potent and blocked 80-90% of the GPD response to L-T4 doses as high as 40 μg injected sc per 100 g bw per day. Other compounds showing marked inhibitory activity were PTU (6-propyl- 2-thiouracil), DATB (5,5′-diallyl-2-thiobarbituric acid) and DTP (2,4-dithiopyrimidine). All of the above compounds produced elevated serum PBI concentrations when 15 jig of L-T4 was administered per 100 g bw per day. A number of other thyroxine analogs were also administered to rats receiving 0.06% PTU, DATB, DTP, 2-thiohydantoin (TH), 2-thiouracil (TU) and DPTH in the diet, but only DPTH inhibited the liver GPD response to the thyroxine analogs tested. The other thio-compo...
Beyond Subversion: German Jewry and the Poetics of Middlebrow Culture

Following in the footsteps of Hannah Arendt's celebration of the “conscious pariah” in her seminal writings of the 1940s, the field of German-Jewish literary and cultural studies has concerned itself overwhelmingly with the subversive dimension of the German-Jewish experience. Over the last several decades, figures as diverse as Rahel Varnhagen, Heinrich Heine and even Moses Mendelssohn have been rehabilitated as intellectuals who issued fundamental challenges to the homogenizing and assimilatory project of modernity. In this way, scholarship has often fashioned Jews not as modernity's passive victims but as its most prescient critics. For the vast majority of German Jews in the nineteenth century, nevertheless, German culture was not perceived as monolithic, and a self-conscious celebration of subversion hardly proved to be the mantra governing their entry into the worlds beyond traditional Jewish culture. Looking at a set of fictional texts by Sara Hirsch Guggenheim, this essay lays out an alternative model for studying German-Jewish culture, the poetics of acculturation and the complexity of minority identity in nineteenth-century Germany