cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depth-based passive tracking of submerged sources in the deep ocean using a vertical line array

Vertical line arrays (VLAs) deployed below the critical depth in deep ocean environments have been shown to have lower levels of distant shipping noise [1]. In addition, acoustic energy from nearby targets travels via the Reliable Acoustic Path (RAP), and thus has an enhanced signal level. The combination of these two factors produces a favorable detection scenario. However, nearby surface ship interference will also travel via the RAP and can obscure targets of interest. In this paper, a method is presented for discrimination of surface versus submerged sources. The method exploits a robust feature of the propagation physics and is implemented by taking a transform of the beam output to produce an estimate of the source depth. Results are shown for submerged sources in the presence of surface interference.
Social Control of Healthy Behavior Between Intimate College Students

Abstract Objective: The author examined whether the type of intimacy (ie, emotional, intellectual, sexual, social, recreational) featured in college students’ romantic relationships affects the extent to which a partner's health-related behavior may be influenced by a variety of behavior change appeals. Participants: One hundred and thirteen female and 94 male college students were surveyed. Methods: A questionnaire sought demographic information and included 2 scales to determine intimacy type levels and estimated responses to behavior change appeals. Results: It was determined that emotional and intellectual intimacy had the greatest effects on compliance estimates. The liking strategy was rated as generally most effective, whereas caring fared better in highly intimate relationships, and both threat and responsibility appeals functioned better in relationships featuring lower levels of intimacy. Conclusions: When appropriately qualified as initial findings, the outcomes may suggest routes to successful...
Information-theory-based feature-aided tracking and identification algorithm for tracking moving and stationary targets through high turn maneuvers using fusion of SAR and HRR information

Tracking and identification algorithms have been developed to track moving targets using high-range resolution (HRR) radar. Likewise algorithms exist to link moving target indicator (MTI) hits with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images to follow targets that are in a move-stop-move scenario. Each of these algorithms have limitations in their abilities to maintain a consistent track of an object that is in a move-stop-maneuver scenario. For example, (1) there is only spatial information from which to link MTI hits with SAR data and in the other case (2) HRR track and ID algorithm would not capture stationary targets. Fusing these modes can provide for track consistency. When multiple targets exist, such as in a group tracking scenario, the spatial information to link moving and stationary returns would be difficult. The incorporation of moving HRR classification and stationary target identification information would enhance the MTI-SAR linking algorithm for multiple targets. While HRR is better suited than MTI for linking object track information to spatially stationary SAR information, the difficulty with relying solely on HRR information is that when a target goes through a maneuver in which it is turning, it may be temporarily stopped in a static-rotator case. This paper discusses an information-theory approach for identification of targets in 1-D HRR and 2-D SAR modes and its incorporation into a feature-aided tracking and ID algorithm for tracking a target which goes through a stationary, moving, and maneuvering dynamics. Results are presented for a group of highly maneuvering targets which travel in one direction, turn, and travel in another direction from which typical kinematic tracking algorithms based on HRR information would break down.
A Computer Simulation Model of Juror Decision Making

Abstract Pennington and Hastie's cognitive model of the juror's decision making process, the Story Model, re*cts recent attitudes of many cognitive scientists who see an increasing role for stories in human cognition. A computer model of their theory was developed through the use of artificial intelligence techniques. During the design process, the original theory was refined and expanded The resulting simulation reproduces some empirical evidence for the Story Model and provides support for the importance of stories in decision making. Copyright 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Electronic Detection of Single-Base Mismatches in DNA with Ferrocene-Modified Probes

Genotyping and gene-expression monitoring is critical to the study of the association between genetics and drug response (pharmacogenomics) and the association of sequence variation with heritable phenotypes. Recently, we developed an entirely electronic method for the detection of DNA hybridization events by the site-specific incorporation of ferrocenyl derivatives into DNA oligonucleotides. To perform rapid and accurate point mutation detection employing this methodology, two types of metal-containing signaling probes with varying redox potentials are required. In this report we describe a new ferrocene-containing phosphoramidite 9 that provides a range of detectable redox potentials. Using automated DNA/RNA synthesis techniques the two ferrocenyl complexes were inserted at various positions along oligonucleotide probes. Thermal stability analysis of these metal-containing DNA oligonucleotides indicates that incorporation of 9 resulted in no destabilization of the duplex. A mixture of oligonucleotides containing compounds 9 and I was analyzed by alternating current voltammetry (ACV) monitored at the 1st harmonic. The data demonstrate that the two ferrocenyl oligonucleotide derivatives can be distinguished electrochemically. A CMS-DNA array was prepared on an array of gold electrodes on a printed circuit board substrate with a self-assembled mixed monolayer, coupled to an electronic detection system. Experiments for the detection of a single-base match utilizing two signaling probes were carried out. The results demonstrate that rapid and accurate detection of a single-base mismatch can be achieved by using these dual-signaling probes on CMS-DNA chips.
Improvements in Hepatic Serological Biomarkers Are Associated with Clinical Benefit of Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Early Stage Non-Acetaminophen Acute Liver Failure

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improves transplant-free survival in early coma grade (I–II) patients with non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure (ALF). We determined whether the clinical benefit was associated with improvements in hepatic function. In a prospective, double blind trial, 173 ALF patients without evidence of acetaminophen overdose were stratified by coma grade (I–II vs. III–IV) and randomly assigned to receive either intravenous NAC or dextrose (placebo) for 72 h, resulting in four patient groups. INR, ALT, bilirubin, creatinine, and AST obtained on admission (day 1) and subsequent days (days 2–4) were used for secondary analysis performed by fitting longitudinal logistic regression models to predict death or transplantation or transplantation alone. Treatment group and day of study in models including bilirubin or ALT were predictors of transplantation or death (maximum p < 0.03). Those patients with early coma grade who were treated with NAC showed significant improvement in bilirubin and ALT levels when compared to the other three groups (maximum p < 0.02 for NAC 1–2 vs. the 3 other treatments) when predicting death or transplantation. Treatment group, day of study, and bilirubin were predictors of transplantation (maximum p < 0.03) in ALF patients. The decreased risk of transplantation or death or of transplantation alone with intravenous NAC in early coma grade patients with non-acetaminophen induced ALF was reflected in improvement in parameters related to hepatocyte necrosis and bile excretion including ALT and bilirubin, but not in INR, creatinine, or AST. Hepatic recovery appears hastened by NAC as measured by several important lab values.
Comments on Thomas and Jamison's “a test of the X-linked genetic hypothesis for sex differences on Piaget's water-level task”

Abstract In this paper H. Thomas and W. Jamison's (Developmental Review, 1981 , 1, 274–283) formulation and evaluation of an X-linked genetic model for explaining male superiority on Piaget's water horizontality task is examined. Criticisms are leveled against (1) the suitability of the model invoked for explaining the sex difference found, (2) the power of the statistical test used to evaluate the model, and (3) the appropriateness of their correction factors. A research strategy for advancing our understanding of the sex difference in performance at this task is suggested.
Cosmological density fluctuations and large-scale structure From N-point correlation functions to the probability distribution

Knowledge of N-point correlation functions for all N allows one to invert and obtain the probability distribution of mass fluctuations in a fixed volume. The hierarchical sequence of higher order is applied to correlations with dimensionless amplitudes suggested by the BBGKY equations. The resulting distribution is significantly non-Gaussian, even for quite small mean square fluctuations. The qualitative and to some degree quantitative results are to a large degree independent of the exact sequence of amplitudes. An ensemble of such models compared with N-body simulations fails in detail to account for the low-density frequency distribution.
Production of a less sensitive rapid antigen for diagnosis of brucella infections.

SummaryThe preparation of a rapid antigen for use in the agglutination reaction for the diagnosis of Brucella infection is described. The essential difference between this antigen and former preparations is the growth of the organism on collodion membranes layered over nutrient agar.When compared with regular rapid antigen, the collodion membrane rapid antigen showed markedly less sensitivity in serum dilutions of 1: 100 or less. The collodion membrane rapid antigen and test tube antigen were more frequently in agreement than test tube antigen and regular rapid antigen.
Relationship between Maternal Methadone Dose at Delivery and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

Objective To estimate the relationship between maternal methadone dose and the incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Study design We performed a retrospective cohort study of pregnant women treated with methadone for opiate addiction who delivered live-born neonates between 1996 and 2006. Four dose groups, on the basis of total daily methadone dose, were compared (≤80 mg/d, 81-120 mg/d, 121-160 mg/d, and >160 mg/d). The primary outcome was treatment for NAS. Symptoms of NAS were objectively measured with the Finnegan scoring system, and treatment was initiated for a score >24 during the prior 24 hours. Results A total of 330 women treated with methadone and their 388 offspring were included. Average methadone dose at delivery was 117 ± 50 mg/d (range, 20-340 mg/d). Overall, 68% of infants were treated for NAS. Of infants exposed to methadone doses ≤80 mg/d, 81-120 mg/d, 121-160 mg/d, and >160 mg/d, treatment for NAS was initiated for 68%, 63%, 70%, and 73% of neonates, respectively ( P = .48). The rate of maternal illicit opiate abuse at delivery was 26%, 28%, 19%, and 11%, respectively ( P = .04). Conclusion No correlation was found between maternal methadone dose and rate of NAS. However, higher doses of methadone were associated with decreased illicit opiate abuse at delivery.
Multi-user domains and virtual campuses: implications for computer-mediated collaboration and technical communication

Despite being the focus of 170 articles in the Fall of 1993, few researchers have documented how the Internet, an environment that attracts over 6000 new users per month, will affect the technical communication profession. In particular, researchers have devoted little attention to the rapid emergence of an Internet tool that has the potential to increase collaboration among professional technical communicators. This paper represents one such attempt and describes an electronic tool we are building at NCSU called the TechComm-VC (Virtual Campus), a Multi-User Domain, or MUD.
Alloy models with the embedded-atom method

A simple analytic nearest-neighbor embedded-atom-method model developed formonatomic fcc metals has been extended to study alloying. The two-bodypotential between different species of atoms is taken as a function of thetwo-body potentials for the pure metals with a unique form which yields alloymodels with the same invariance to electron density transformations asmonatomic models. With several approximations, all model parameters are givenby experimentally measured physical quantities. The dilute-limit heats ofsolution for all binary alloys of Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt have beencalculated, with generally good agreement with available experimental valuesexcept for Pd, for which the calculated values are uniformly too high. Thequalitative relationships between the physical parameters of the solute andsolvent and the heat of solution have been determined.
Single-molecule spectroscopy, imaging, and photocontrol: foundations for super-resolution microscopy (Presentation Video)

W. E. Moerner, the Harry S. Mosher Professor of Chemistry and professor, by courtesy, of Applied Physics at Stanford University, conducts research in physical chemistry of single molecules, biophysics, nanoparticle trapping, and nanophotonics. He earned three bachelor's degrees from Washington University in 1975 and master's and doctoral degrees from Cornell University in 1978 and 1982. From 1981 to 1995, he was a research staff member at IBM, receiving two IBM Outstanding Technical Achievement Awards. He was Professor and Distinguished Chair in Physical Chemistry at the University of California, San Diego, from 1995 to 1998, the year he joined the Stanford faculty. Moerner received the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, along with Eric Betzig and Stefan Hell, for their development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy.
Real world efficacy of alvimopan on elective bowel resection patients: an analysis of statistical versus clinical significance.

Abstract Background Alvimopan has been shown to shorten time to return of bowel function (RBF), thereby decreasing length of stay (LOS). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical significance of this effect on actual practice. Metjods A retrospective and prospective study of elective bowel resection patients was performed. Surgeons were assigned to alvimopan users (treatment) or nonusers (control). Primary outcome measures included LOS, RBF, and total hospital cost (THC). Results Mean RBF was 2.93 ± 1.22 days in the treatment group and 4.22 ± 1.81 days in the control group ( P P > .81). LOS decreased by 2.5 days compared with the historical controls, independent of alvimopan use. Conclusions Alvimopan improved RBF but not LOS or THC. Reductions in average LOS of 1 day for ≤6 doses and 2 days if patients received >6 doses were needed to decrease THC.
Antibody catalysis of phosphodiester hydrolysis a survey of hapten strategies

The phosphodiester linkage forms the backbone of DNA and RNA and therefore its hydrolysis represents a reaction of fundamental importance in living systems. In our contribution to the intense efforts towards the development of novel phosphodiesterases for use in biochemistry and medicine' ', we have elected to explore the diversity of the murine immune system''' to generate phosphodiesterase antibodies.
The fresh breeze project: A multi-core chip supporting composable parallel programming

The Fresh Breeze project concerns the architecture and design of a multicore chip that can achieve superior performance while supporting composability of parallel programs. The requirements of composability imply that the management of processor allocation and memory management must be sufficiently flexible to permit reassignment of resources according to the current needs of computations. The Fresh Breeze programming model combines the spawn/join threading model of Cilk with a write-once memory model based on fixed-size chunks that are allocated and freed by efficient hardware mechanisms. This model supports computing jobs by many users, each consisting of a hierarchy of function activations. The model satisfies all six principles for supporting modular program construction. Within this programming model, it is possible for any parallel program to be used, without change, as a component in building larger parallel programs.
Dynamic Networks: Towards a Mechanical Design Visual Programming Language

The use of design exemplar in applications varying from model creation to developing feature recognition systems has been shown in the literature. Though exemplar authoring for small applications is simple, it is often seen that for complex applications, the authoring of exemplars becomes a tedious task. The use of exemplar networks (static exemplar networks) by linking smaller exemplars to form a huge exemplar has been suggested to reduce the authoring time and effort. This paper identifies the limitations of the static exemplar networks and proposes a more flexible form of networking called the “Dynamic Exemplar Network”. The use of a Dynamic node for this purpose is suggested. The structure of the dynamic node and the various types of networks that may be developed to efficiently solve a design problem is presented in the following sections.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Low-power-consumption short-length and high-modulation-depth silicon electrooptic modulator

We propose and analyze a novel compact electrooptic modulator on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) rib waveguide. The device confines both optical field and charge carriers in a micron-size region. The optical field is confined by using a planar Fabry-Perot microcavity with deep Si/SiO/sub 2/ Bragg reflectors. Carriers are laterally confined in the cavity region by employing deep-etched trenches. The refractive index of the cavity is varied by using the free-carrier dispersion effect produced by a p-i-n diode. The device has been designed and analyzed using electrical and optical simulations. Our calculations predict, for a 20-/spl mu/m-long device, a modulation depth of around 80% and a transmittance of 86% at an operating wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m by using an electrical power under dc conditions on the order of 25 /spl mu/W.
Flexibility in Spatial Attention Before and After Practice

These experiments used spatial probes to measure how spatial attention is allocated across the visual field during search for a target letter in an eight-letter array There were three main findings Attentional strength is flexibly adjusted according to the confusability between target and distractors Distractor locations near the target receive more inhibition than those farther from the target, indicating that the nearby distractors interfere more with target identification Despite the fact that consistent practice improves search rate it does not diminish the strength of spatial attention in this task
Accounting for the Nodal Tide to Improve Estimates of Sea Level Acceleration

Abstract The 18.6-year nodal tide is a component of all tide gauge records. It can affect estimates of sea level acceleration, in particular for tide gauge records with lengths of less than 60 years. We provide an analytic solution that shows the effect of the nodal tide on estimates of sea level trend and acceleration. By adding a term to the least squares formulation used to estimate sea level trend and acceleration, we can account for the nodal tide and eliminate its effect on the estimate. Using representative world-wide tide gauge records, we demonstrate that accounting for the nodal tide can improve estimates, particularly of acceleration.
Beckmann rearrangement of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) oxime: tandem Beckmann-electrophilic aromatic addition

Abstract The Beckmann rearrangement has been performed on the oxime of cyclotriveratrylene (CTV) with thionyl chloride affording the ring-expanded 10-membered ring amide exclusively in high yield. Modified conditions afford a helical pentacycle derived from an unusual tandem Beckmann rearrangement and electrophilic aromatic addition followed by demethylation and tautomerization.
Inability of Potassium Canrenoate to Convert Experimentally Induced Ouabain Arrhythmias in the Canine Heart

The antiarrhythmic effects of potassium canrenoate were examined in 20 closed-chest, pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs with ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia. In a group of 8 dogs, a mean dose of ouabain of 64.4 ± 3.7 µg/kg induced sustained ventricular tachycardia. Subsequent administration of potassium canrenoate (30 mg/kg, iv) caused ventricular fibrillation in 1 dog and sinus tachycardia in 3 dogs. Stimulation of the distal end of the cut right vagus in the latter 3 dogs slowed the sinus rhythm enough to permit the ventricular focus to become the dominant pacemaker. In the other 4 dogs, potassium canrenoate did not alter the ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia. In a second group of 12 dogs, ventricular tachycardia was also induced by administering a toxic dose of ouabain (65.5 ± 2.9 µg/kg, iv). After ouabain intoxication, atrial overdrive suppression of the ventricular rhythm was initiated by electrically pacing the right atrium at a mean frequency of 184.5 ± 7.9 beats/min. Subsequent administ...
The NIMH-Israeli Schizophrenia Project: The History of a High-Risk Study

We have reviewed some of the difficulties encountered in bringing this study to completion. Among our special problems were the necessity of collecting large numbers of measures on a relatively small study population, the need to recruit and maintain a staff over long periods of time, the wide geographical separation between staff members responsible for design and those responsible for execution of the study, and the difficulties of conducting longitudinal research in a politically unstable part of the world. Centralization of data and data analysis proved a crucial step in bringing the study to its present level of completion.
pH OF TOMATOES CANNED AT HOME IN GEORGIA

Of 387 jars of tomatoes or tomato juice canned at home in Georgia, seven showed microbial growth indicative of underprocessing or seal failure. Of the remaining 380 jars, the pH of the contents of one jar was 4.65; otherwise all the pH values were below 4.6. Extreme-value analysis was applied to the pH data to estimate the likelihood of the pH of the content of an individual jar exceeding 4.8. The probability was 0.0014. The total acidity, buffering capacity, ascorbic acid content, grams malic acid required to lower the pH to 4.3 and 4.1, and the vacuum of the container were also determined.
Virtual model control of a bipedal walking robot

The transformation from high level task specification to low level motion control is a fundamental issue in sensorimotor control in animals and robots. This paper describes a control scheme called virtual model control that addresses this issue. Virtual model control is a motion control language that uses simulations of imagined mechanical components to create forces, which are applied through real joint torques, thereby creating the illusion that the virtual components are connected to the robot. Due to the intuitive nature of this technique, designing a virtual model controller requires the same skills as designing the mechanism itself. A high level control system can be cascaded with the low level virtual model controller to modulate the parameters of the virtual mechanisms. Discrete commands from the high level controller would then result in fluid motion. Virtual model control has been applied to a physical bipedal walking robot. A simple algorithm utilizing a simple set of virtual components has successfully compelled the robot to walk continuously over level terrain.
Comparison of tissue response to rotary and ultrasonic dental cutting procedures.

This paper is the third in a series of re­ ports on the construction and application to dental use of a vibration cutting in­ strument operating at ultrasonic frequen­ cies. The first report1 described the development o f an experimental dental instrument. The second paper2 reported the results o f six exploratory studies of the physical characteristics o f the vibra­ tion cutting process. The object o f this paper is to report the observations of a limited study concerned with the com ­ parative biologic response to rotary and vibrational cutting. This experiment was conducted to contribute data toward a biologic evaluation o f the vibration cut­ ting process. Such an evaluation is neces­ sary to determine the feasibility of clinical application o f the process.
A unified architecture for cross layer design in the future optical internet

We present a novel architecture, which naturally enables cross-layer interactions through the construction of application-specific protocol stacks out of small reusable services which expose explicit controls to cross-layer tuning policies. Together with a concept we term ‘Software Defined Optics’ (SDO) this architecture can enable the future optical internet.
Molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women: age-specific prevalence and survival.

Background Breast cancer is currently regarded as a heterogeneous disease classified into various molecular subtypes using gene expression analysis. These molecular subtypes include: basal cell-like, Her-2/neu, luminal A, and luminal B. Objectives To analyze the prevalence and clinicopathologic associations for molecular breast cancer subtypes in premenopausal and postmenopausal African-American women. Design A retrospective analysis of all African-American women diagnosed with breast cancer from 1998 to 2005, who had assessable data for ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status. Molecular subtype classification was done based on immunohistochemical surrogates for ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status obtained from Howard University tumor registry for each patient. The molecular subtypes were defined as: luminal A (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2−), luminal B (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), basal-like (ER−, PR−, HER2−), and Her-2/neu (ER−, PR−, and HER2+). Outcome Measures We analyzed the prevalence of molecular breast cancer subtypes in a population of African-American women and determined their associations with patient demographics and clinicopathologic variables: node status, tumor size, histological grade, p53 mutation status, and breast cancer-specific survival. Results The luminal A subtype was the most prevalent in our study sample (55.4%) compared with (11.8%) luminal B, (21.2%) basal cell-like, and (11.6%) Her-2/neu subtypes. The molecular subtypes did not differ by menopausal status. However, when stratified into age-specific groups, the basal cell-like subtype (57.1%) was the most prevalent in the age group Conclusions The high prevalence of the basal cell-like subtype in the young premenopausal African-American women aged
Measurement Augmentation to Compensate for Sensor Registration Using a Neural Kalman Filter

Sensor measurement systems rely upon knowledge of the functional dynamics between system states and the measured outputs. Errors in sensor measurements come from a variety of sources, but standard systems can easily compensate for only some types of errors. There are well known techniques to compensate for errors that result from such issues as noise and sensor accuracy limitations, but other types of errors are not easily compensated for in standard systems. In target tracking, sensor registration, the result of sensor location and orientation self-reference errors, is a type of error that is not easily compensated for because it causes a deterministic bias or parameter drift, rather than random noise error. Previously, a modification of an adaptive tracking technique based upon the neural extended Kalman filter was proposed as a technique to provide for on-line calibration for the sensor models. In this work, that technique has been improved by modifying the input vector of the neural network to make use of a combination of the target and ownship state variables. The result is an ability to correct for errors such as sensors registration using less computational complexity in the neural network than previously required.
Effects of a Discontinuous Surface Stress on a Model of Coastal Upwelling

Abstract We report on laboratory model experiments in which coastal upwelling was created by a radially discontinuous surface stress in the presence of bottom topography in the form of a ridge. An anticyclonic torque was thus applied to the surface of the fluid at the location of the stress discontinuity which, in turn, generated large, offshore cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies in the stress-free region. When the upwelled front interacted with this offshore eddy field, dense, upwelled water was transported far offshore as jetlike flows. The strong interaction between the stress discontinuity “front” and the upwelled front at the ridge resulted in an upwelling maximum and a downstream jet at the ridge that were weaker than those reported previously by Narimousa and Maxworthy. One observation of interest was that a large number of flow-marking particles accumulated in the region where the ridge intersected the stress discontinuity.
Risk factors for rod fracture after posterior correction of adult spinal deformity with osteotomy: a retrospective case-series.

Osteotomies including pedicle subtraction (PSO) and/or Smith-Peterson (SPO) are used to facilitate surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD), but are associated with complications including instrumentation failure and rod fracture (RF). The purpose of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for RF, including a clinically significant subset (CSRF), after osteotomy for ASD. A retrospective review of clinical records was conducted on consecutive ASD patients treated with posterolateral instrumented fusion and osteotomy. Seventy-five patients (50 female; average age, 59) met strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and follow-up of ≥1 year. Data was extracted pertaining to the following variables: patient demographics; details of surgical intervention; instrumentation; and postoperative outcomes. Patients were divided into two subgroups: 1) rod fracture (RF) and 2) non-RF. The RF subgroup was further divided into CSRF and non-CSRF. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated to evaluate the association between risk factors and RF. The χ2-test was used to define P-values for categorical variables, and T-test was applied for continuous variables, P-values ≤0.05 were considered significant. Incidence rates of RF were: for entire population, 9.3 % (95 % Cl: 2.7 %; 15.9 %); for PSO, 16.2 % (95 % Cl: 4.3; 28.1); and for SPO, 2.6 % (95 % Cl: 0 %; 7.7 %); the OR of PSO versus SPO was 7.2 (95 % Cl: 0.8; 62.7, P = 0.1). CSRF incidence was 5.3 % (95 % CI: 0.2 %; 10.4 %). Significant risk of RF was revealed for following factors: fusion construct crossing both thoracolumbar and lumbosacral junctions (OR = 9.1, P = 0.05), sagittal rod contour >60° (OR = 10.0, P = 0.04); the presence of dominos and/or parallel connectors at date of rod fracture (OR = 10.0, P = 0.01); and pseudarthrosis at ≥1 year follow-up (OR = 28.9, P 60°; presence of dominos and/or parallel connectors at date of fracture; and fusion construct crossing both thoracolumbar and lumbosacral junctions. Statistically significant risk for the CSRF subset was fusion to the pelvis and pseudarthrosis at ≥1 year follow-up.
A Million-Plus Neuron Model of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus: Critical Role for Topography in Determining Spatiotemporal Network Dynamics

Goal: This paper describes a million-plus granule cell compartmental model of the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus, including excitatory, perforant path input from the entorhinal cortex, and feedforward and feedback inhibitory input from dentate interneurons. Methods: The model includes experimentally determined morphological and biophysical properties of granule cells, together with glutamatergic AMPA-like EPSP and GABAergic GABAA-like IPSP synaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs, respectively. Each granule cell was composed of approximately 200 compartments having passive and active conductances distributed throughout the somatic and dendritic regions. Modeling excitatory input from the entorhinal cortex was guided by axonal transport studies documenting the topographical organization of projections from subregions of the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex, plus other important details of the distribution of glutamatergic inputs to the dentate gyrus. Information contained within previously published maps of this major hippocampal afferent were systematically converted to scales that allowed the topographical distribution and relative synaptic densities of perforant path inputs to be quantitatively estimated for inclusion in the current model. Results: Results showed that when medial and lateral entorhinal cortical neurons maintained Poisson random firing, dentate granule cells expressed, throughout the million-cell network, a robust nonrandom pattern of spiking best described as a spatiotemporal “clustering.” To identify the network property or properties responsible for generating such firing “clusters,” we progressively eliminated from the model key mechanisms, such as feedforward and feedback inhibition, intrinsic membrane properties underlying rhythmic burst firing, and/or topographical organization of entorhinal afferents. Conclusion: Findings conclusively identified topographical organization of inputs as the key element responsible for generating a spatiotemporal distribution of clustered firing. These results uncover a functional organization of perforant path afferents to the dentate gyrus not previously recognized: topography-dependent clusters of granule cell activity as “functional units” or “channels” that organize the processing of entorhinal signals. This modeling study also reveals for the first time how a global signal processing feature of a neural network can evolve from one of its underlying structural characteristics.
The Diffusion of Authoritarian Rule: An Analysis of Causal Mechanisms

Contrary to widely held progressive expectations, during certain time periods it has not been democracy, but authoritarian rule that has spread across countries in striking waves. The present paper examines the causal mechanisms driving these diffusion processes. Focusing on Europe and Latin America during the interwar years and on the latter region during the 1960s and 1970s, the paper argues that waves of authoritarianism constituted primarily processes of counter-diffusion, namely efforts to forestall the spread of revolutionary impulses. As first the Russian Revolution and then the Cuban Revolution stimulated emulation efforts by radical leftists in many countries, right-wingers and even centrist sectors sought to immunize the body politic against the Communist virus by embracing authoritarianism and corporatism, if not fascism.To account for the right’s fears and its disproportionate response to leftist challenges, the paper draws on central tenets of bounded rationality, especially cognitive heuristics. Historical evidence shows that political actors do not process events in a careful, systematic, and unbiased way; instead, they rely on inferential shortcuts, which draw special attention to dramatic, vivid events and induce people to overrate their significance; moreover, these shortcuts lead people to draw surprisingly firm conclusions from limited data, including a single outstanding event. Accordingly, as the left overestimated the replicability of the Russian and Cuban Revolutions, so did the right. As the left started frequent uprisings, the right squashed them with brutal force and tried to forestall leftist revolution by embracing non-democratic rule. Cognitive shortcuts and other mechanisms of bounded rationality documented in the paper thus shaped and drove the spread of authoritarianism during the time periods under investigation.
Clinopyroxene in postshield Haleakala ankaramite: 1. Efficacy of thermobarometry

Magma storage depth is a fundamental aspect of a volcano’s magmatic plumbing system that may be resolved using mineral-melt thermobarometry, assuming crystal growth occurs at near-equilibrium conditions. We acquire major and minor element compositional analyses of whole rock, groundmass separates, and clinopyroxene in ankaramite erupted ca. 214 ka at Haleakala volcano to evaluate the efficacy of thermobarometry. Using various thermometer and barometer combinations, we obtain values of crystallization pressure (60–1500 MPa) that are generally consistent with those of previous studies, but find that the models most successful at recovering the conditions of relevant equilibrium experiments yield values at the low end of this range (≤950 MPa). We use quantitative EPMA spot analyses to transform X-ray element intensity maps into metal oxide concentrations maps and to produce qualitative pressure maps of whole crystals. The spatial context provided by this procedure reveals two compositionally distinct domain types not evident in the spot analysis data set, with median Na2O contents differing by up to 26 % between domains. Na-rich domains represent putative crystallization pressures that are up to 365 MPa higher than Na-poor domains, within individual crystals. The presence of Na-rich domains associated with euhedral facets in contact with matrix is not consistent with concentric growth at near-equilibrium conditions of decreasing pressure, but rather co-crystallization of both domains under conditions of partial disequilibrium. Conservatively assuming that low-Na regions are less prone to kinetic partitioning, crystallization pressures for the Haleakala ankaramite correspond to crustal levels. We conclude that the reservoir supplying postshield eruptions at Haleakala has not deepened into the mantle, as was reported in a previous application of clinopyroxene thermobarometry to Haleakala’s postshield magma (Chatterjee et al. 2005).
Effects of neuromuscular reeducation on hip mechanics and functional performance in patients after total hip arthroplasty: A case series.

Background Following total hip arthroplasty, patients demonstrate compensatory movement strategies during activities of daily living such as walking and stair climbing. Movement compensations are important markers of functional decline in older adults and are related to poor functional capacity. Despite increased utilization of hip arthroplasty, persistent movement compensation, and functional performance deficits, no consensus on postoperative rehabilitation exists. Neuromuscular reeducation techniques offer a strategy to improve movement quality by emphasizing hip abductor performance and pelvic stability. This case series illustrates changes in movement strategy around the hip in response to targeted neuromuscular reeducation techniques after hip arthroplasty.
Critical Success Factors for Attracting Registered Investment Firm Clients Using Social Media

The use of social media presents today’s financial adviser with a myriad of choices, opportunities and challenges. During the last few years, social media has emerged within the financial services industry without widespread understanding of its usage and application. The metrics of social media engagement across the U.S. and around the world indicate a growing popularity of social media tools like Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Pinterest. A significant percentage of registered investment advisory firms are beginning to incorporate social media marketing into their practices. However, research and guidance on the critical success factors for attracting clients using social media are scarce. Through a comprehensive review of the literature available, 12 factors were found to be critical for attracting clients using social media in registered investment firms:1. Strict adherence to regulatory compliance requirements;2. The existence of a social media marketing plan;3. Social media strategy alignment with organizational goals;4. Training for employees and advisers;5. Consistent and effective use of social media;6. Connection building;7. Effective branding of social channels;8. Advance research of prospects and clients;9. The use of Fresh and relevant content;10. Content that educates;11. The establishment of rapport online; and12. Measurement of social media outreach performance.The classification of these factors into the relevant stage (recognition of needs, evaluation of options, resolution of concerns, purchase, implementation) in Rackham’s typical buying process is presented and the importance of each factor is discussed. The thesis concludes with the two main social media barriers facing financial advisers today: compliance concerns and time.
Experimental validation of a differential variational inequality-based approach for handling friction and contact in vehicle/granular-terrain interaction

Abstract The observation motivating this contribution was a perceived lack of expeditious deformable terrain models that can match in mobility analysis studies the level of fidelity delivered by today’s vehicle models. Typically, the deformable terrain-tire interaction has been modeled using Finite Element Method (FEM), which continues to require prohibitively long analysis times owing to the complexity of soil behavior. Recent attempts to model deformable terrain have resorted to the use of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) to capture the soil’s complex interaction with a wheeled vehicle. We assess herein a DEM approach that employs a complementarity condition to enforce non-penetration between colliding rigid bodies that make up the deformable terrain. To this end, we consider three standard terramechanics experiments: direct shear, pressure-sinkage, and single-wheel tests. We report on the validation of the complementarity form of contact dynamics with friction, assess the potential of the DEM-based exploration of fundamental phenomena in terramechanics, and identify numerical solution challenges associated with solving large-scale, quadratic optimization problems with conic constraints.
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with prominent mast cell infiltrates.

![Figure][1] An asymptomatic 66-year-old woman presented with an elevated total protein of 9.1 g on routine blood work. Serum protein electrophoresis showed an immunoglobulin A (IgA) κ (kappa) M-spike measuring 3570 mg/dL with depression of immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG). Renal
Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis of Hatching in Zebrafish with CuO Nanoparticles.

This study develops and evaluates a mechanistic model of the hatching of zebrafish eggs that were exposed to CuO engineered nanoparticles (ENP) in a high-throughput screening system and places this model in an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) that also includes CuO ENP dissolution and Cu bioaccumulation. Cu2+ inhibits the proteolytic activity of Zebrafish Hatching Enzyme 1 and thereby delay or impair hatching success. This study demonstrates that noncompetitive inhibition kinetics describe the impact of dissolved Cu on hatching; it is estimated that indefinitely long exposure to 1.88 μM dissolved Cu in the environment reduces hatching enzyme activity by 50%. The complexity arising from CuO ENP dissolution and CuO ENP assisted bioaccumulation of Cu has led to apparently contradictory findings about ion versus “nano” effects on hatching. Model-mediated data analyses indicate that, relative to copper salts, CuO ENPs increase the uptake rates of Cu into the perivitelline space up to 8 times. The toxicity assessm...
Do Electrochemiluminescence Assays Improve Prediction of Time to Type 1 Diabetes in Autoantibody-Positive TrialNet Subjects?

OBJECTIVE To explore whether electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays can help improve prediction of time to type 1 diabetes in the TrialNet autoantibody-positive population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS TrialNet subjects who were positive for one or more autoantibodies (mIAA, GADA, IA-2A, and ZnT8A) with available ECL-IAA and ECL-GADA data at their initial visit were analyzed; after a median follow-up of 24 months, 177 of these 1,287 subjects developed diabetes. RESULTS Univariate analyses showed that autoantibodies by radioimmunoassays (RIAs), ECL-IAA, ECL-GADA, age, sex, number of positive autoantibodies, presence of HLA DR3/4-DQ8 genotype, HbA1c, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) measurements were all significantly associated with progression to diabetes. Subjects who were ECL positive had a risk of progression to diabetes within 6 years of 58% compared with 5% for the ECL-negative subjects ( P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were compared, with the base model including age, sex, OGTT measurements, and number of positive autoantibodies by RIAs. The model with positivity for ECL-GADA and/or ECL-IAA was the best, and factors that remained significantly associated with time to diabetes were area under the curve (AUC) C-peptide, fasting C-peptide, AUC glucose, number of positive autoantibodies by RIAs, and ECL positivity. Adding ECL to the Diabetes Prevention Trial risk score (DPTRS) improved the receiver operating characteristic curves with AUC of 0.83 ( P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS ECL assays improved the ability to predict time to diabetes in these autoantibody-positive relatives at risk for developing diabetes. These findings might be helpful in the design and eligibility criteria for prevention trials in the future.
Enjoying Women: Sex, Psychoanalysis, and the Political

The enjoyment of women, both in the sense of object and subject, is a powerful political and cultural construct. My doctoral dissertation, submitted to Oxford University in 2003, explores the fantasy of women's sexual enjoyment in philosophy, psychoanalytic theory, and popular culture. If offers a sustained critical engagement with the work of thinkers such as Slavoj Žižek, Otto Weininger, and Jacques Lacan, as well as the art and literature of Michel Houellebecq, Michael Haneke, and David Lynch. It investigates how the fantasy of feminine enjoyment manifests itself in Western intellectual and popular culture, and analyzes the ethical and political consequences this fantasy has on the real-life perception of and response to sexual violence. While not attempting to assess or present the “truth” of female enjoyment, this work exposes how the “enjoying woman” fantasy is itself an ideological fantasy that structures the hegemonic field of Western liberalism, bringing it perilously close to its self-avowed opposite, Islamic fundamentalism. Žižek's Marxist-Lacanian syncretism is valuable to feminist theory and to ethical theory more broadly because it politicizes the violent enjoyment of racism and other prejudices; however, Žižek’s theory disappointingly fails to assist in the politicization of sexual violence because of its reliance on the Lacanian fantasy of the enjoying woman. The field of Western liberal hegemonic ideology is not characterized only or primarily by capitalism but also by the depoliticization of sexual violence. The fantasy of the enjoying woman attempts to place “jouissance feminine” beyond or outside this field, and in so doing guarantees the perpetuation of that field. This work is an attempt to expose the violence and resignation that structures the fantasy of feminine enjoyment, and an attempt to re-politicize sexual violence by breaking with the theoretical and cultural coordinates of its ideological field.