cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning Multiscale Image Models of 2D Object Classes

This paper is concerned with learning the canonical gray scale structure of the images of a class of objects. Structure is defined in terms of the geometry and layout of salient image regions that characterize the given views of the objects. The use of such structure based learning of object appearence is motivated by the relative stability of image structure over intensity values. A multiscale segmentation tree description is automatically extracted for all sample images which are then matched to construct a single canonical representative which serves as the model of the class. Different images are selected as prototypes, and each prototype tree is refined to best match the rest of the class. The model tree for the class is that tree which is best supported over all the initializations with different prototypes. Matching is formulated as a problem of finding the best mapping from regions of example images to those of the model tree, and implemented as a problem in incremental refinement of the model tree using a learning approach. Experiments are reported on a face image database. The results demonstrate that a reasonable model of facial geometry and topology is learnt which includes prominent facial features.
Managing multi-platform sensor systems

The Terrain Following/Terrain Avoidance (TF/TA) functionality in Raytheon Terrain Following Radars (TFRs) has been adapted to many platforms and coupled with additional radar modes. The result is a Multi-Mode Radar (MMR) that provides a low-level operational capability at night, in adverse weather and in high-threat environments for a wide variety of aircraft. There exists a high degree of commonality between the LANTIRN (Low-Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared System for Night) AN/APN-237A TFR subsystem and its MMR derivatives. Five of the six Weapons Replaceable Assemblies (WRAs) in the MMR are essentially LANTIRN designs. Only the Radar Interface Unit (RIU) is unique to the MMR. This commonality thread is maintained from LANTIRN through the AN/APQ-174B and C versions and, to the maximum extent possible, in the AN/APQ-186. Utilizing this approach gives the MMR the benefit of combat-proven control algorithms and highly reliable designs to provide a high-confidence system with high user acceptability. This paper discusses the history of the system and the development approach that has helped make this line of radars successful on multiple, airborne platforms.
Heredity, stress and blood pressure, a family set method—V: Heritability estimates

Abstract This fifth article in the series, reports on a general method for estimating heritabilities based upon family sets, illustrated for a particular family grouping, namely, one which consists of an index person, his or her sibling, first cousin, and a randomly selected unrelated individual. This method is applied to the estimation of the heritabilities of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the presence of extraneous concomitant variation as well as classificatory variables of interest. Analysis fails to disclose significant racial differences in the heritability of these two pressures, and indeed, suggests that in both blacks and whites, nongenetic variables contribute more to the variation in blood pressure which is observed than do genetic differences between individuals. It is argued that the difference between these findings and those associated with some prior investigations is attributable to ascribing effects to genetic causation, which in fact were due to shared environments or temporal trends.
Development and Durability Testing of a Low-Temperature Sintering Bi–Si–Zn Oxide Glass Composite Material (GCM) 129I Waste Form

The capture and safe storage of radiological iodine (129I) from nuclear fuel reprocessing is of concern due to its long half-life and potential mobility in the environment. The development of durable waste forms in which to store captured iodine requires materials that are both compatible with the iodine capture phases and durable to repository environments. To that end, Sandia is developing a low-temperature sintering Bi–Si–Zn oxide glass composite material (GCM) waste form and herein presents results of durability testing. Furthermore, durability studies were extended to both the occluded iodine capture material Ag-Zeolite (Mordenite, MOR) as well as the GCM, synthesized with compositional variations including: amount of Ag flake added, AgI-MOR particle size in the GCM, and mass loading of I within the AgI-MOR. Product consistency test (PCT-B), chemical durability (MCC-1) tests, and single-pass flow-through (SPFT) tests, were performed on both the individual components of the GCM and the completed GCMs. Durability tests indicate low GCM dissolution rates (<10−3 g/m2·d) across wide variable ranges including: pH, AgI-MOR loading, I loading, and AgI-MOR particle size. Results indicate that the Bi–Si–Zn oxide glass matrix sharply limits the release of iodine from the otherwise relatively fast degrading AgI-MOR getter material. Furthermore, the formation of an amorphous AgI phase during sintering of the GCM results in the limitation of iodine release during waste form degradation. Durability of GCM and release rates approximate those of established nuclear waste glasses, or analogues such as basaltic glass. This suggests that the Bi–Si–Zn GCM is a viable candidate as a repository iodine waste form.
“A Thread that Connects the Worlds”: Ovoid Logics and the Contradictory Lines of Force of Brazilian Improvisations

From sports to politics, from architecture to economics, from the arts to pedagogy, the social and cultural spheres of Brazil have often been characterized as having decidedly improvisative valences. The importance of improvisation to the enactment of brasilidade (Brazilianness) would seem to be borne out by the sheer abundance of common words and phrases used in everyday Brazilian speech that highlight extemporaneous action: jeitinho , malandragem , ginga , jogo de cintura , malicia , gambiarra , esperteza , axe , manha , suingue , astucia , drible , malabarismo , balanco , equilibrista , pirataria , arranjar-se , molejo , cordialidade , and so on. This essay points to a few “complex tendencies” and “contradictory lines of force,” that emerge out of this lexicon, providing snapshots of three key loci within and around which one can examine and critique the stories people—Brazilians and non-Brazilians alike—tell about what is often taken to be the zygotic relationship between improvisation and brasilidade (Brazilianness). Each of these snapshots—of the jeitinho brasileiro , of the gambiarra aesthetics of the global favela , of futebol brasileiro (Brazilian soccer)—reveal, I hope, that the concept of improvisation (rendered directly and in its many other lexical guises) performs a vital function in Brazil. It’s a nexus around which deliberations over matters of national import take place, a ready-to-hand theoretical apparatus for peering into the “inert vectoring” that characterizes the varied performances of citizenship that take place within Brazilian communities. I’m careful, however, to let the discussions contained in this essay play out within a global frame, working under the assumption that Brazil is not (and never has been) coterminous with itself, and showing that Brazil is constantly being reborn—infranationally, nationally, and globally—under the contradictory forces of appraisals of the improvisative.
Narrative Approaches in Psychological Autopsies: Suggestions for Methodologies and Training

This paper consists of three sections. The first section will review the literature describing the role of narratives surrounding legal proceedings, psychological autopsy (PA) reports, and testimony. It describes the extensive role that narratives play in courts and with jury decisions as well as how narrative analyses comply with the law judges use to allow or disallow expert testimony. The second section will assert that narratives can play significant roles in both assessing investigative narrative and in testifying to the results of psychological autopsies. This describes how narratives and narrative analysis form the basis for effective investigations and effective testimony. The third section will suggest training tools and methods using narrative approaches. This article suggests methodologies and skill sets for narrative approaches to PA's in both the investigative and testimonial stages.
“I Have Goals to Prove All Those People Wrong and Not Fit Into Any One of Those Boxes”: Paths of Resistance to Stereotypes Among Black Adolescent Males

Adolescents form their identities by both accommodating (endorsing) and resisting (challenging) cultural stereotypes. Most research on Black males focuses on how they accommodate to negative stereo...
Crew Exploration Vehicle Launch Abort Controller Performance Analysis

This paper covers the simulation and evaluation of a controller design for the Crew Module (CM) Launch Abort System (LAS), to measure its ability to meet the abort performance requirements. The controller used in this study is a hybrid design, including features developed by the Government and the Contractor. Testing is done using two separate 6-degree-of-freedom (DOF) computer simulation implementations of the LAS/CM throughout the ascent trajectory: 1) executing a series of abort simulations along a nominal trajectory for the nominal LAS/CM system; and 2) using a series of Monte Carlo runs with perturbed initial flight conditions and perturbed system parameters. The performance of the controller is evaluated against a set of criteria, which is based upon the current functional requirements of the LAS. Preliminary analysis indicates that the performance of the present controller meets (with the exception of a few cases) the evaluation criteria mentioned above.
A prediction of residual stress in heavy plate butt welds

A prediction of residual stresses in heavy plate butt welds is proposed based on a literature survey. The stresses were found to range from the yield strength of the material in tension at the weld toe to about 40 pct of yield strength in compression near the center of the plate in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the weld fusion line. Also, due to the thickness of the plate, some stresses in the through thickness direction were found. The stresses are predicted to fall to parent metal stresses in about one and one half to two plate thicknesses.
Intense near-infrared optical absorbing emerald green [60]fullerenes.

Synthesis of emerald green fullerenes (EF) C60[C(CH3)(CO2Et)2]6 and C60[C(CH3)(CO2-t-Bu)2]6 was performed by using hexaanionic C60 intermediate (C60-6) as a reagent in one-pot reaction for attaching six alkyl ester addends on one C60 cage. These EF compounds exhibit intense optical absorption over 600−940 nm, the longest optical absorption of the C60 cage among many [60]fullerene derivatives synthesized.
Effects of Inoculation with a Mild Strain of Tomato Aspermy Virus on the Growth and Yield of Tomatoes and the Potential for Cross Protection

Mechanical inoculation of seedlings of 26 tomato cultivars with an attenuated strain of tomato aspermy virus (TAV-M, ATCC # PV361) resulted in development of only mild symptoms, which had largely disappeared by the time the infected plants had begun to set fruit. Yield trials revealed that plants inoculated with TAV-M when transplanted at the 6–8 leaf stage displayed no delay in fruit set and had yields only slightly less than uninoculated plants. Cross protection studies carried out in the greenhouse revealed that TAV-M has the potential to interfere with infection of tomato seedlings by a more severe TAV strain (ATCC # PV127). ‘Pik-Red’ seedlings inoculated with TAV-M showed a significant reduction in symptom expression when challenged with the Blencowe strain of TAV 21 days after the initial inoculation with TAV-M; interference was incomplete at 7 and 14 days.
Evaluating the impact of the Management Academy for Public Health: developing entrepreneurial managers and organizations.

The Management Academy for Public Health is a management development program with the goals of helping public health managers learn to manage people, data, and finance, to think and plan like entrepreneurs, and to strengthen public health organizations. Managers enroll as teams and develop business plans in the Academy's extensive project-based learning component. Extensive internal and external evaluation shows that the program improves managers' knowledge, skills, and confidence in key curriculum areas; that participants apply many of the skills in their jobs; that many of the business plans receive funding, resulting in new public health programs; that the training experience helped agencies respond and plan after September 11, 2001; and that many participants report beginning to think more like entrepreneurs through activities like teaming, partnering, innovating, negotiating, finding funds, and generating revenue. The program demonstrates that robust training including extensive work-based project work with coaching can help public health managers gain many skills needed for the drive to "reinvent" government. managers learn to manage people, data, and finance, to think and plan like entrepreneurs, and to strengthen public health organizations. Managers enroll as teams and develop business plans in the Academy's extensive project-based learning component. Earlier in this issue, we described the Academy and shared lessons learned in the process evaluation about developing public managers. 3 This article summarizes results from the program's impact evaluations.
Ultrasonographically detectable ring structure in avian (Gallus gallus) egg yolks.

Summary After a preliminary finding of ultrasonographically detectable ring structure within the yolk of avian eggs, a study was initiated tso investigate these properties. Ultrasonographically detectable alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic rings within the egg yolk were found to be consistent but variability occurred in ring numbers, thickness, and clarity. Rings were best seen at two days post oviposition and were not affected by refrigeration or heating of the yolks. The usefulness of rings in experimental studies of yolk content of lipoprotein is postulated.
Genetic ablation of flowers in transgenic Arabidopsis

Summary We have created transgenicArabidopsisplants in which a gene encoding the cell-autonomous diphtheria toxin A chain (DT-A) was expressed under the control of theLEAFY (LFY)promoter. This promoter is active both in emerging leaf primordia and young flowers, with the highest activity in flowers. The majority ofLFY::DT-Aplants had normal vegetative development but lacked flowers, demonstrating that relatively widespread activity of a promoter does not exclude its possible use for ablating selected tissues, as long as differences in activity levels between different tissues are significant. We also found that flowers were replaced by empty bracts inLFY::DT-Aplants, suggesting that flower-derived signals normally suppress bract development inArabidopsis.
Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Critical Gas Saturation and Other Parameters on the Productivity of Methane From Geopressured Aquifers

A numerical simulation study has shown that critical gas saturation is one of the most significant parameters that controls the productivity of methane from geopressured aquifers. Ultimate fluid production from such reservoirs is restricted by insufficient gas in solution to maintain the reservoir pressure.
Bacterial and biochemical tests for assessing chemical toxicity in the aquatic environment: A review

This review describes the use of biochemical and microbial tests to assess the toxicity of aquatic pollutants. Biochemical assays include the use of enzymes (dehydrogenase, ATPases, and others), luminescence, and ATP for measuring chemical toxicity in the aquatic environment. Bacterial tests also can serve as a tool for toxicity testing. These tests are based on measurement of growth inhibition or viability of bacteria and alteration of bacterial metabolism. These tests are relatively simple, rapid, and inexpensive as compared to fish bioassays.
Two-particle scattering in the Chern Simons Witten theory of gravity in 2 + 1 dimensions

Abstract We discuss the problem of two-particle scattering in Witten's Chern-Simons gauge theory of (2 + 1)-dimensional gravity. Viewing Witten's gravity as a gauge theory of the universal covering group of the Poincare group, we recover the Poincare theory by projection. We show that one may smoothly interpolate between the infinitely many such projections by making appropriate gauge transformations which live in the covering group. We work with the Poincare gauge theory and derive the scattering amplitude of t' Hooft, who analyzed the same problem in the framework of Einstein's theory. We show that 't Hooft's work amounts to working with a different projection of the covering group. We also explicitly produce the gauge transformation which leads from the Poincare theory to 't Hooft's description of the proem. The situation is analogous to calculating the Aharonov-Bohm effect with different choices of the electromagnetic gauge. The two gauges may be used to trade globally trivial connections with a non-trivial hamiltonian for globally non-trivial (conical) connections with a free hamiltonian. This is reminiscent of Wilczek's treatment of particles which exhibit fractional spin.
The demand for alcohol: a meta-analysis of elasticities*

Numerous studies have estimated elasticities of alcohol demand using different procedures. Because of widespread differences in demand estimates, however, it is difficult to synthesise the literature into coherent meaning. This study improves our understanding of alcohol demand by reporting results from a meta-analysis of 132 studies. Specifically, regressing estimated price, income and advertising elasticities of alcohol on variables accounting for study characteristics, we find alcohol elasticities to be particularly sensitive to demand specification, data issues and various estimation methods. Furthermore, compared to other alcoholic beverages, beer elasticities tend to be more inelastic.
Growing Mass on the Right Side of the Neck

A man in his 70s presented with a 20-year history of a mass on the right side of his neck. On physical examination, he was found to have a large mass on the right side of his neck, approximately 6 cm in diameter. Initial computed tomographic (CT) examination identified a partially intensely enhancing and partially necrotic lesion at the right carotid bifurcation measuring 5.5 × 4.8 × 4.6 cm. The lesion extended from approximately the C2 to C6 levels. The right internal and external carotid artery branches were splayed. A subsequent CT examination performed 10 months later showed an increase in the size of the lesion (Figure, A), as well as the interval development of a 1.6-cm, oval-shaped enhancing lesion in the right level IV space posterior to the carotid sheath (Figure, B). Following needle biopsy of both masses, a preoperative carotid angiogram was performed, which demonstrated both the mass at the carotid bifurcation and the smaller level IV mass to be hypervascular (Figure, C). The mass at the carotid bifurcation was embolized. What is your diagnosis? A B C
Analysis of numeric data streams at different granularities

A novel method for analyzing time-series data and extracting time-correlations (time-dependent relationships) among multiple time-series data streams is described. The proposed method is the first online method that can detect and report time-dependent relationships among multiple time-series data streams. Time-correlations tell us the relationships among numeric variables whose values are recorded over the course of time and transmitted using time-series data streams. Each time-correlation rule explains how the changes in the values of one set of time-series data streams influence the values in another set of time-series data streams. Those rules can be stored digitally and fed into various data analysis tools for further analysis. Performance experiments showed that the described method is 95% accurate, and has a linear running time with respect to the amount of input data.
A new trust region method for unconstrained optimization

In this paper, we propose a new trust region method for unconstrained optimization problems. The new trust region method can automatically adjust the trust region radius of related subproblems at each iteration and has strong global convergence under some mild conditions. We also analyze the global linear convergence, local superlinear and quadratic convergence rate of the new method. Numerical results show that the new trust region method is available and efficient in practical computation.
Effects of integrative medicine on pain and anxiety among oncology inpatients.

Of 10 948 hospital admissions over the study period, 1833 (17%) included IM therapy. Older patients had reduced odds of receiving any IM therapy (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.96 to 0.98) and females had 63% (OR: 1.63, 95% CI = 1.38 to 1.92) higher odds of receiving any IM therapy compared with males. Moderate (OR: 1.97, 95% CI = 1.61 to 2.41), major (OR: 3.54, 95% CI = 2.88 to 4.35), and extreme (OR: 5.96, 95% CI = 4.71 to 7.56) illness severity were significantly associated with higher odds of receiving IM therapy compared with admissions of minor illness severity. After receiving IM therapy, patients averaged a 46.9% (95% CI = 45.1% to 48.6%, P <.001) reduction in pain and a 56.1% (95% CI = 54.3% to 58.0%, P <.001) reduction in anxiety. Bodywork and traditional Chinese Medicine therapies were most effective for reducing pain, while no significant differences among therapies for reducing anxiety were observed. Conclusions IM services to oncology inpatients resulted in substantial decreases in pain and anxiety. Observational studies using electronic medical records provide unique information about real-world utilization of IM. Future studies are warranted and should explore potential synergy of opioid analgesics and IM therapy for pain control.
Examining Clinical Judgment in an Adaptive Intervention Design: The Fast Track Program

Although clinical judgment is often used in assessment and treatment planning, rarely has research examined its reliability, validity, or impact in practice settings. This study tailored the frequency of home visits in a prevention program for aggressive- disruptive children (n = 410; 56% minority) on the basis of 2 kinds of clinical judgment: ratings of parental functioning using a standardized multi-item scale and global assessments of family need for services. Stronger reliability and better concurrent and predictive validity emerged for the 1st kind of clinical judgment than for the 2nd. Exploratory analyses suggested that using ratings of parental functioning to tailor treatment recommendations improved the impact of the intervention by the end of 3rd grade but using more global assessments of family need did not.
The effect of speaker identity, voice inflection, vocabulary, and message redundancy on infants' selection of vocal reinforcement.

Abstract Three normal infant boys aged 11–15 months played in their standard playpens at home in more than 300 test sessions with an automated behavior analysis toy that allowed them to select between pairs of voice and other audio reinforcements offered via endless loops of pre-recorded stereo audio tape. Among the salient findings were: significant preference for mother's voice feedback over simple music feedback; discriminative selection between stranger's voice and mother's voice; shifting preference related to variations of inflection, vocabulary, and speaker's identity; shifting preferences related to high and low values of feedback redundancy. Findings are discussed in a context of cognitive development and aspects of the growth of expressive speech.
A method for avoiding overlap of left and right lungs in shape model guided segmentation of lungs in CT volumes.

Purpose: The automated correct segmentation of left and right lungs is a nontrivial problem, because the tissue layer between both lungs can be quite thin. In the case of lung segmentation with left and right lung models, overlapping segmentations can occur. In this paper, the authors address this issue and propose a solution for a model-based lung segmentation method. Methods: The thin tissue layer between left and right lungs is detected by means of a classification approach and utilized to selectively modify the cost function of the lung segmentation method. The approach was evaluated on a diverse set of 212 CT scans of normal and diseased lungs. Performance was assessed by utilizing an independent reference standard and by means of comparison to the standard segmentation method without overlap avoidance. Results: For cases where the standard approach produced overlapping segmentations, the proposed method significantly (p = 1.65 × 10−9) reduced the overlap by 97.13% on average (median: 99.96%). In addition, segmentation accuracy assessed with the Dice coefficient showed a statistically significant improvement (p = 7.5 × 10−5) and was 0.9845 ± 0.0111. For cases where the standard approach did not produce an overlap, performance of the proposed method was not found to be significantly different. Conclusions: The proposed method improves the quality of the lung segmentations, which is important for subsequent quantitative analysis steps.
Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors: State of the Therapeutic Class

With three effective and safe phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, the clinician now has multiple choices in the treatment of patients who have erectile dysfunction of all severities and etiologies. Based on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety, each of these agents can be used. Because no well-controlled head-to-head selection or patient preference studies are available, each clinician must choose an agent based on the profile of the patient, his tolerance, risk factors, and side effects. This discussion summarizes some of the current data on PDE5 inhibitors and their efficacy, safety, and use in other conditions.
Effects of Suspended Wood Fiber on Brown and Rainbow Trout Eggs and Alevins

Abstract Brown and rainbow trout (Salmo trutta and S. gairdneri) eggs were held in continuous-flow suspensions of 0-, 60-, 125-, and 250-ppm conifer groundwood fiber 6 to 8 days before hatching. Resulting alevins were held in the same fiber concentrations until swimup (14 to 16 days), then removed and maintained in clean water for up to 91 days. Suspended fiber had no effect upon egg survival, respiration rate of embryos, or growth rates of alevins and juveniles from eggs incubated in fiber but hatched and grown in clean water. When alevins were held in wood-fiber suspensions, survival was reduced from 98 to 100 per cent in controls to 0 to 72 per cent in 250-ppm fiber; respiration rate from 336.6 mm3/g per hour in controls to 146.3 in 125-ppm fiber; breathing rate from 1.39 to 1.92 respiratory movements per second in controls to 0.52 to 0.97 in 250-ppm fiber; heart rate from 1.50 to 1.60 beats per second in controls to 0.67 to 1.33 in 250-ppm fiber; and instantaneous growth rate (g) from .0213 to .0345 i...
Surface Reconstruction Phase Diagrams for InAs, AlSb, and GaSb

Abstract : We present experimental flux-temperature phase diagrams for surface reconstruction transitions on the 6.1As compound semiconductors. The phase transitions occur within or near typical substrate temperature ranges for growth of these materials by molecular beam epitaxy and therefore provide a convenient temperature standard for optimizing growth conditions. Phase boundaries for InAs (0 0 1) [(2*4)->(4*2)], AlSb (0 0 1) [c(4*4)->(1*3)], and GaSb (0 0 1) [(2*5)_>(1*3)] are presented as a function of substrate temperature and Group V-limited growth rate (proportional to flux), for both cracked and uncracked Group V species. We discuss differences between materials in the slopes and offsets of the phase boundaries for both types of Group V species.
Practical Oblivious Outsourced Storage

In this article we introduce a technique, guaranteeing access pattern privacy against a computationally bounded adversary, in outsourced data storage, with communication and computation overheads orders of magnitude better than existing approaches. In the presence of a small amount of temporary storage (enough to store O(√n log n) items and IDs, where n is the number of items in the database), we can achieve access pattern privacy with computational complexity of less than O(log2n) per query (as compared to, for instance, O(log4n) for existing approaches).We achieve these novel results by applying new insights based on probabilistic analyses of data shuffling algorithms to Oblivious RAM, allowing us to significantly improve its asymptotic complexity. This results in a protocol crossing the boundary between theory and practice and becoming generally applicable for access pattern privacy. We show that on off-the-shelf hardware, large data sets can be queried obliviously orders of magnitude faster than in existing work.
Early events of Sericesthis iridescent virus infection in hemocytes of Gallerio mellonella (L.).

Abstract The early stages of infection of insect blood cells by Sericesthis iridescent virus (SIV) were studied. Blood cells of Galleria mellonella (L.) infected with SIV at 22° were sampled at different intervals and then subjected to electron microscopy and high-resolution autoradiography. At 2 hours post inoculation virus was found inside the cells within phagocytic vesicles. A large proportion of virus had disappeared after all incubation period of 3 hours. Viral DNA synthesis in the cytoplasm was demonstrated as early as 4Y2 hours post SR' inoculation by using tritiated thymidine and autoradiography. Earliest occurrence of progeny virus within foci was found to be at 12 hours. Decrease in nuclear incorporation of thymidine 3H indicates all interference of normal nuclear DNA synthesis in the course of SIV infection.
The relationship between induction case depth and load power for high frequency, high load power and short heating time

The relationship between induction case depth and load power is derived. Excellent agreement is obtained between the martensite case depths calculated from the derived equation and the experimental data obtained for a constant heating time of 0.3 sec and inductor power densities between 22,900 and 36,300 w per sq in. at 350 kc.
Motion planning for smooth pickup of moving objects

Kinematic planning for robotic arms has been shown to be capable of planning for robust manipulation of static objects. However, this approach falls short when manipulating moving objects such as picking up a jar off of a conveyor belt at a bottling plant. The challenge in carefully picking up moving objects is that these actions require motions that do not involve large decelerations, to avoid jerking the object, as well as figuring out the proper time in which the object can be picked up. We present a search-based kinodynamic motion planning algorithm that generates a timeparameterized trajectory for both the arm and end-effector, capable of carefully picking up the object at the earliest feasible point in its trajectory. To combat the high-dimensionality of the time-parameterized kinodynamic planning problem, our approach employs informative heuristics and adaptive dynamic motion primitives. To validate our approach, we used a 7DOF manipulator on Willow Garage’s PR2 robot to pickup objects off of a conveyor belt. We also provide a detailed set of results that demonstrate the planner’s ability to generate consistent, low cost trajectories for manipulation.
Imipenem and meropenem activity against mecA-positive homogeneously and heterogeneously oxacillin-resistant and mecA-negative oxacillin-borderline-susceptible staphylococci☆

Abstract Microbroth dilution and disk-diffusion testing of imipenem and meropenem was performed at 35 and 30°C against 61 phenotypic expression class 3,4 and 9 phenotypic expression class 1,2 oxacillin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (ORSA), 51 oxacillin-borderline-susceptible isolates of S. aureus (BORSA), and 37 phenotypic expression class 3,4 and 9 phenotypic expression class 1,2 isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE). Imipenem MIC ranges at 35°C were 0.6 to >64 μg/ml for class 3,4 ORSA, 0.03 to 0.25 μg/ml for class 1,2 ORSA, 0.015 to 0.12 μg/ml for BORSA, 0.03 to 64 μg/ml for class 3,4 ORSE, and 0.12 to 8 μg/ml for class 1,2 ORSE. Corresponding values for meropenem were 0.5 to 64 μg/ml, 0.12 to 4 μg/ml, 0.06 to 1 μg/ml, 0.5 to 64 μg/ml, and 1 to 8 μg/ml. MIC ranges at 30°C did not differ by more than 1 log 2 dilution from those at 35°C. After 24 h incubation of disk-diffusion tests at 35°C, 44% of class 3,4 and 100% of class 1,2 ORSA isolates were imipenem-susceptible; after an additional 24 h at 25°C, 39 and 100% of these isolates, respectively, remained susceptible to imipenem. Similar values were obtained with 24 h incubation at 30°C followed by 24 h at 25°C. All BORSA isolates were susceptible to imipenem. Of the ORSE isolates, 22 and 78% of isolates in classes 3,4 and 1,2, respectively, were susceptible at 24 h with little change after an additional 24 h at 25°C. Similar trends were observed with meropenem. In parallel disk-diffusion studies with oxacillin, false-susceptibility rates of 5% of class 3,4 and 44% class 1,2 ORSA isolates after 24 h of incubation at 35°C were reduced to 3 and 0%, respectively, after an additional 24 h of incubation at 25°C. Imipenem- and meropenem-resistant subpopulations of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci did not seem to be detected by altered susceptibility testing conditions.
GABAA receptor subunit mRNA expression in the weaver cerebellum: modulation by cell-cell interactions.

Abstract Recent studies have suggested that the developmental expression of GABA A receptor subunit mRNAs in cerebellar Purkinje neurons is modulated by cell-cell interacactions. In this population, the levels of mRNAs encoding the α1, β2, and γ2 subunits increase simultaneously during the second week of postnatal ontogeny, a period temporally coincident with cerebellar maturation and synapse formation. To determine the importance of cell-cell interactions in modulating receptor gene expression, the levels of GABA A receptor subunit mRNAs in Purkinje neurons of weaver mice and littermate controls were examined by quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry. In the weaver mutant most granule neurons die early in postnatal development, thus eliminating the major source of excitatory input to Purkinje cells. Despite this loss, the three subunit mRNAs were expressed in all Purkinje neurons. However, the levels of expression were generally lower in the mutants than in the littermate controls. These results suggest that the onset of GABAA receptor gene expression in cerebellar Purkinje neurons occurs in the absence of extensive synapse formation by mechanisms which may be intrinsic to the neurons. In contrast, the absolute level of transcript expression attained appears to be modulated by cell-cell interactions or by other extrinsic cues present in the cerebellar environment.
Pancreatic Islet β-Cells Transiently Metabolize Pyruvate

Pancreatic β-cell metabolism was followed during glucose and pyruvate stimulation of pancreatic islets using quantitative two-photon NAD(P)H imaging. The observed redox changes, spatially separated between the cytoplasm and mitochondria, were compared with whole islet insulin secretion. As expected, both NAD(P)H and insulin secretion showed sustained increases in response to glucose stimulation. In contrast, pyruvate caused a much lower NAD(P)H response and did not generate insulin secretion. Low pyruvate concentrations decreased cytoplasmic NAD(P)H without affecting mitochondrial NAD(P)H, whereas higher concentrations increased cytoplasmic and mitochondrial levels. However, the pyruvate-stimulated mitochondrial increase was transient and equilibrated to nearbase-line levels. Inhibitors of the mitochondrial pyruvate-transporter and malate-aspartate shuttle were utilized to resolve the glucose- and pyruvate-stimulated NAD(P)H response mechanisms. These data showed that glucose-stimulated mitochondrial NAD(P)H and insulin secretion are independent of pyruvate transport but dependent on NAD(P)H shuttling. In contrast, the pyruvate-stimulated cytoplasmic NAD(P)H response was enhanced by both inhibitors. Surprisingly the malate-aspartate shuttle inhibitor enabled pyruvate-stimulated insulin secretion. These data support a model in which glycolysis plays a dominant role in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Based on these data, we propose a mechanism for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that includes allosteric inhibition of tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and pH dependence of mitochondrial pyruvate transport.
Soil Ingestion in Adults—Results of a Second Pilot Study

Soil ingestion was evaluated in 10 adults as part of a larger study to evaluate soil ingestion in children. Each adult was followed for 4 weeks in a mass-balance study that was designed to evaluate the detection limit for soil ingestion in a similarly designed, concurrent children's study. After a baseline week, during Weeks 2 through 4, adults received daily soil capsules containing 20, 100, and 500 mg of soil, respectively. A 1-week period separated each study week. Based on the first 3 weeks of observation after subtracting the capsule ingestion amounts, the median, 75th percentile, and 95th percentile soil ingestion estimates were 1, 49, and 331 mg/day, with estimates calculated as the median of the three trace elements Al, Si, and Y. The average estimate of soil ingestion was 10 mg/day (SD = 94 mg/day). These findings augment sparse empirical data on adult soil ingestion, and suggest lower levels of soil ingestion in adults than previous studies.
Arrhenius and current climate concerns: Continuity or a 100‐year gap?

In a paper presented to the Stockholm Physical Society in 1895 and published the following year, Svante Arrhenius demonstrated that variations of atmospheric CO2 concentration could have a very great effect on the overall heat budget and surface temperature of the planet. It would be a mistake, however, to consider this work as a direct forerunner of current climate concerns [Uppenbrink, 1996]. Arrhenius, who has recently gained renewed attention as the “father” of the theory of the greenhouse effect, held assumptions and produced results that are not continuous with present-day climate research. For example, he suggested that increasing the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels might be beneficial, making the Earth's climates warmer and “more equable,” stimulating plant growth, and providing more food for a larger population [Arrhenius, 1908]. Arrhenius's view of the potentially beneficial effects of carbon dioxide emissions differs radically from current concerns over the harmful effects of a global warming caused by industrial activity and deforestation [Fleming, 1998].
Social judgments of spurious and causal relations between attributes and outcomes

Abstract People can learn about relations between attributes and outcomes by observing the attributes and outcomes of others, but, as this experiment indicates, such learning is not always veridical. Each subject received information about the ages, educations, and salaries of groups of employees in a fictitious corporation. Within a group, either age or education was related to salaries and the two attributes were either orthogonal or correlated. In each case, subjects judged the strength of the causal relation between each attribute and salaries. The results confirmed our hypothesis that observers are more likely to view a causally relevant attribute as irrelevant, and a causally irrelevant attribute as relevant, when relevant and irrelevant attributes are correlated. However, this tendency seemed to be mediated by subjects' bias to prefer education as an explanation of salary differences: That is, when age and education were correlated, subjects tended to view education as relevant even when it was irrelevant and age as irrelevant even when it was relevant. The results suggest that when attributes are correlated, factors extraneous to observed data may have a major influence on inferred attribute-outcome associations.
In vitro Testing of the Biological Activity of Rubia cordifolia Leaves on Primate Strongyloides Species

ChimpanzeesPan troglodytes in Kibale National Park, Uganda occasionally swallow entire leaves ofRubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae) without chewing them. The leaves are subsequently egested with minimal damage and no sign of any significant digestion. Similar behavior reported elsewhere has been proposed to have medicinal effects. Here we test the hypothesis that chemical components in swallowed leaves have negative effects on intestinal nematodes. We used anin vitro assay to detect the effects of methanol extracts ofR. cordifolia leaves on nematodes,Strongyloides spp., cultured from feces. Control extracts were distilled water, methanol solution, and methanol extracts of food items that were chewed, rather than swallowed, by chimpanzees. Effects of experimental or control solutions were assayed by nematode motility. There was no difference in nematode motility among control and experimental extracts. This study therefore did not support the hypothesis of pharmacological self-medication via leaf swallowing.
Zonal Adaptive Optical Microscopy

Inhomogeneous optical properties of biological samples degrade imaging quality. Using an image-based zonal adaptive optical approach, we recovered diffraction-limited resolution from mouse brains in vivo to a depth of 450 micron.
Influence of kinship on helping behavior in Galápagos mockingbirds

The social organization of the Galapagos mockingbird (Nesomimus parvulus) in unusual in that groups frequently include more than one breeding pair (plural breeding), and helping behavior is flexible: some birds neither breed nor help, while others do both. To investigate the influence of kinship on helping behavior, I categorized each bird as a helper or non-helper with respect to each nest within its group where it had an opportunity to help. The incidence of helping varied with relatedness: more birds helped when nestlings available to be fed were close relatives than when not. This result was independent of a higher incidence of helping among males than among females and of variation with age among males. Proportionally more nonbreeding than breeding males helped, but breeding and nonbreeding females helped equally infrequently; breeders helped most often after their own nests failed. The incidence of helping was highest among birds with opportunities to feed offspring of breeders that had fed the potential helper as a nestling, suggesting a mechanism for kin discrimination based on associative learning. Juveniles with opportunities to choose among alternative recipients preferentially fed closely related nestlings, but insufficient information was available to determine if adults also did so. Kinship did not influence the rate at which nestlings were fed by helpers. Juveniles fed nestlings at lower rates than did adult helpers, but helping effort was otherwise unaffected by age, sex, or relatedness. Limitation of help to former feeders functions as a mechanism for directing aid to relatives in a plural breeding system where degrees of kinship vary among potential recipients within the same group.
Particle-Size Effects in the Acetylene Cyclotrimerization on Planar Model Al2O3 Thin-Film Supported Pd Clusters

The low-temperature cyclotrimerization of acetylene to benzene on alumina thin film supported Pd particles of controlled size has been studied by temperature-programmed desorption. The reactively f...
PHARMACOKINETICS OF T 3 AND T 4 AFTER ACUTE THYRDXINE OVERDOSE: EFFECT OF PTU AND IOPANOCIC ACID

Over a 1 yr period, 15 ingestions of thyroxine in children under 5 yrs of age were evaluated. All patients had initial serum T4 levels determined within 7 hrs of ingestion. Multiple T3 and T4 serum levels were determined in 7 patients. Peak T4 levels ranged from 16-118 mog/dl with 3 patients >75 mog/dl. The estimated peak T4 level occurred 20 hrs in 71% of the patients. In 5 patients who received no specific treatment, the mean serum T4 t1/2 was 2.84 da (range 1.7-4.54 da) and the mean serum T3 t1/2 was 5.1 da (range 1.9-12.3 da). Specific therapy to inhibit conversion of T4 to T3 was given in 2 patients during which serum t1/2 were: We conclude that in acute pediatrio overdose of thyroxine: (1) peak T4 levels occur earlier than peak T3 levels, (2) in untreated patients the t1/2 of T4 is shorter than T3, and (3) shortly after administration, PTU and iopanoic acid can prolong T4 t1/2 and shorten T3 t1/2.
Effect of photo-acid generator concentration and developer strength on the patterning capabilities of a model EUV photoresist

Current extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresist materials do not yet meet requirements on exposure-dose sensitivity, line-width roughness (LWR), and resolution. Fundamental studies are required to quantify the trade-offs in materials properties and processing steps for EUV photoresist specific problems such as high photoacid generator (PAG) loadings and the use of very thin films. Furthermore, new processing strategies such as changes in the developer strength and composition may enable increased resolution. In this work, model photoresists are used to investigate the influence of photoacid generator loading and developer strength on EUV lithographically printed images. Measurements of line width roughness and developed line-space patterns were performed and highlight a combined PAG loading and developer strength dependence that reduce LWR in a non-optimized photoresist.
From ritual crucifixion to host desecration: Jews and the body of Christ

That Jews constitute a threat to the body of Christ is the oldest, and arguably the most unchanging, of all Christian perceptions of Jews and Judaism. It was, after all, to make precisely this point that the redactors of the New Testament reassigned responsibility for Jesus's crucifixion from the Roman governor who ordered it, to an implausibly well-organized crowd of "Ioudaioi" who were alleged to have approved of it.1 In the historical context of first-century CE Roman Judea, it is by no means clear who the New Testament authors meant to comprehend by this term Ioudaioi. To the people of the Middle Ages, however, there was no ambiguity. ludaei were Jews; and the contemporary Jews who lived among them were thus regarded as the direct descendants of the Ioudaioi who had willingly taken upon themselves and their children the blood of Jesus that Pilate had washed from his own hands.2 In the Middle Ages, then, Christians were in no doubt that Jews were the enemies of the body of Christ.3 There was considerably more uncertainty, however, as to the nature and identity of the body of Christ itself. The doctrine of the resurrection imparted a real and continuing life to the historical, material body of Christ; but it also raised important questions about the nature of that risen body, and about the relationship between that risen body and the body of Christian believers who were comprehended within it.4 So far as we know, it was Paul who first declared the risen Christ to be the head of the Christian body which was the church.5 By the end of the fourth century this notion of the Church as the corpus verum Christi, the true body of Christ, had become a commonplace in Christian discourse.6 Alongside this identification of the Church with the body of Christ another