cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM): precision, accuracy and applications in comparative biomechanics research.

X-Ray Reconstruction of Moving Morphology (XROMM) comprises a set of 3D X-ray motion analysis techniques that merge motion data from in vivo X-ray videos with skeletal morphology data from bone scans into precise and accurate animations of 3D bones moving in 3D space. XROMM methods include: (1) manual alignment (registration) of bone models to video sequences, i.e., Scientific Rotoscoping; (2) computer vision-based autoregistration of bone models to biplanar X-ray videos; and (3) marker-based registration of bone models to biplanar X-ray videos. Here, we describe a novel set of X-ray hardware, software, and workflows for marker-based XROMM. Refurbished C-arm fluoroscopes retrofitted with high-speed video cameras offer a relatively inexpensive X-ray hardware solution for comparative biomechanics research. Precision for our biplanar C-arm hardware and analysis software, measured as the standard deviation of pairwise distances between 1 mm tantalum markers embedded in rigid objects, was found to be ±0.046 mm under optimal conditions and ±0.084 mm under actual in vivo recording conditions. Mean error in measurement of a known distance between two beads was within the 0.01 mm fabrication tolerance of the test object, and mean absolute error was 0.037 mm. Animating 3D bone models from sets of marker positions (XROMM animation) makes it possible to study skeletal kinematics in the context of detailed bone morphology. The biplanar fluoroscopy hardware and computational methods described here should make XROMM an accessible and useful addition to the available technologies for studying the form, function, and evolution of vertebrate animals. J. Exp. Zool. 313A:262–279, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Distinct gene expression profiles characterize cellular responses to palmitate and oleate

Obese individuals are both insulin resistant and have high levels of circulating free fatty acids (FFAs). In cell culture, saturated but not unsaturated fatty acids induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We hypothesized that chronic exposure to low dose fatty acids would significantly attenuate the acute stress response to a saturated fatty acid challenge and that unsaturated fatty acids (oleate) would be more protective than saturated fatty acids (palmitate). The ER stress response to palmitate was reduced after low dose fatty acid exposure in human hepatoma cells. Palmitate and oleate gave distinctive transcript responses, both acutely and after chronic low dose exposure. Differentially regulated pathways included lipid, cholesterol, fatty acid, and triglyceride metabolism, and IκB kinase and nuclear factor κB kinase inflammatory cascades. Oleate reduced palmitate-induced changes significantly more than low dose palmitate and completely blocked palmitate-induced phosphoinositide 3 kinase inhibitor (PIK3IP1) as well as induction of GADD45A and B. These changes are predicted to alter the PI3 kinase pathway and the pro-apoptotic p38 MAPK pathway. We recapitulated the oleate response by small interfering RNA-mediated block of PIK3IP1 stimulation with palmitate and significantly protected cells from palmitate-mediated ER stress. We show that transcriptional responses to oleate and palmitate are distinct, broad, and often discordant. We identified several potential candidates that may direct the transcriptional networks and demonstrate that PIK3IP1 partially accounts for the protective effects of oleate.
Phase Trombone Program Migration for the Recycler Ring at Fermilab

A best matching algorithm was found using a test program written in Mathematica, and was integrated into an accelerator control on-line program. This on-line program now gets rid of network communication, and does not need to run code MAD. In this report, we first describe the matching conditions, and 4 cases of constrains. Using a test program written in Mathematic, given a change of tunes, we were able to find the possible combination of the quadrupole strength in trombone section for each case. We then tested the calculation results by simulations using code MAD and by experiments on the Recycler ring. Finally we found the best matching algorithm and integrated it into an accelerator control on-line program. The test results for the setting and measured tune values by running on-line program on console are also presented.
Two new species of Meleoma (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from western North America, with a revised key to species

The conceptual history of Meleoma and its included species is traced. Two new species are described and a key is given to males of known species.
Physical design for 3D system on package

The SoC paradigm is a system integration approach that integrates large numbers of transistors as well as various mixed-signal active and passive components onto a single chip. This realization-led to the 3D system-in-package (SiP) approach, alternatively called 3D ICs or 3D stacked die/package. Designers can take SiP a step further by embedding both active and passive components, but passive-component embedding is bulky and requires thick-film discrete components. Thick-film component embedding distinguishes SiP from system on package (SoP), an emerging 3D system integration concept that involves embedding both active and passive components. SoP, however, incorporates ultrathin films at microscale to embed the passive components, and the package rather than the board is the system. SoP overcomes both the computing and integration limitations of SoC, SiP, multichip modules (MCMs), and traditional system packaging by having global wiring as well as RF, digital, and optical component integration in the package instead of on the chip. Moreover, 3D SoP addresses the wire delay problem by enabling the replacement of long, slow global interconnects with short, fast vertical routes.
Caloric restriction and genomic stability

Caloric restriction (CR) reduces the incidence and progression of spontaneous and induced tumors in laboratory rodents while increasing mean and maximum life spans. It has been suggested that CR extends longevity and reduces age-related pathologies by reducing the levels of DNA damage and mutations that accumulate with age. This hypothesis is attractive because the integrity of the genome is essential to a cell/organism and because it is supported by observations that both cancer and immunological defects, which increase significantly with age and are delayed by CR, are associated with changes in DNA damage and/or DNA repair. Over the last three decades, numerous laboratories have examined the effects of CR on the integrity of the genome and the ability of cells to repair DNA. The majority of studies performed indicate that the age-related increase in oxidative damage to DNA is significantly reduced by CR. Early studies suggest that CR reduces DNA damage by enhancing DNA repair. With the advent of genomic technology and our increased understanding of specific repair pathways, CR has been shown to have a significant effect on major DNA repair pathways, such as NER, BER and double-strand break repair.
Multiplex array proteomics detects increased MMP-8 in CSF after spinal cord injury

A variety of methods have been used to study inflammatory changes in the acutely injured spinal cord. Recently novel multiplex assays have been used in an attempt to overcome limitations in numbers of available targets studied in a single experiment. Other technical challenges in developing pre-clinical rodent models to investigate biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) include relatively small volumes of sample and low concentrations of target proteins. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the inflammatory profile present in CSF at a subacute time point in a clinically relevant rodent model of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Our other aim was to test a microarray proteomics platform specifically for this application. A 34 cytokine sandwich ELISA microarray was used to study inflammatory changes in CSF samples taken 12 days post-cervical SCI in adult rats. The difference between the median foreground signal and the median background signal was measured. Bonferroni and Benjamini-Hochburg multiple testing corrections were applied to limit the False Discovery Rate (FDR), and a linear mixed model was used to account for repeated measures in the array. We report a novel subacute SCI biomarker, elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 protein in CSF, and discuss application of statistical models designed for multiplex testing. Major advantages of this assay over conventional methods include high-throughput format, good sensitivity, and reduced sample consumption. This method can be useful for creating comprehensive inflammatory profiles, and biomarkers can be used in the clinic to assess injury severity and to objectively grade response to therapy.
Research Spotlight: Interpreting parameters in water transit time distribution

[1] The distribution of the time it takes water or solute molecules to flow through a drainage basin, or catchment, can be useful for understanding variability, storage capacity, and pollutant transport in catchments and for comparing hydrology in different catchments. A statistical distribution called the gamma distribution has been shown to be a suitable representation of transit time distribution in hydrological tracer studies. However, the gamma distribution involves two parameters that have not had a clear physical interpretation when used as a catchment transit time distribution. To explore a physical interpretation for these parameters, Hrachowitz et al. analyzed long-term tracer and precipitation data in three different catchments in the Scottish Highlands. They found that one parameter had little variation in time and did not vary along with meteorological/climatic conditions such as precipitation intensities but instead was related to features of the catchment landscape such as the hydrological characteristics of the soils and drainage density. The other parameter was found to vary in time and was controlled largely by precipitation intensity. Using this information, the authors calculated time-variant transit time distributions, which they suggest provide more detailed and useful information about the timing and magnitude of tracer fluxes. This could be especially useful in representing the effects of contaminants in sensitive catchments. (Water Resources Research, doi:10.1029/2010WR009148, 2010)
Statistical context priming for object detection

There is general consensus that context can be a rich source of information about an object's identity, location and scale. However the issue of how to formalize centextual influences is still largely open. Here we introduce a simple probabilistic framework for modeling the relationship between context and object properties. We represent global context information in terms of the spatial layout of spectral components. The resulting scheme serves as an effective procedure for context driven focus of attention and scale-selection on real-world scenes. Based on a simple holistic analysis of an image, the scheme is able to accurately predict object locations and sizes.
Collaborative Ranking with a Push at the Top

The goal of collaborative filtering is to get accurate recommendations at the top of the list for a set of users. From such a perspective, collaborative ranking based formulations with suitable ranking loss functions are natural. While recent literature has explored the idea based on objective functions such as NDCG or Average Precision, such objectives are difficult to optimize directly. In this paper, building on recent advances from the learning to rank literature, we introduce a novel family of collaborative ranking algorithms which focus on accuracy at the top of the list for each user while learning the ranking functions collaboratively. We consider three specific formulations, based on collaborative p-norm push, infinite push, and reverse-height push, and propose efficient optimization methods for learning these models. Experimental results illustrate the value of collaborative ranking, and show that the proposed methods are competitive, usually better than existing popular approaches to personalized recommendation.
Dispersion of Indicator Measured from Microvessels of Cat Mesentery

The indicator-dilution method was used to investigate blood flow in the microvascular network of the mesenteric membrane of the cat by replacing the normal blood flow into the mesenteric artery with a dextran-saline solution for a finite period of time. The dilution of the dextran-saline bolus as it flowed downstream was measured in a selected arteriole and its adjacent venule with a microphotometric system. Based on an in vitro calibration study done on glass capillary tubes, the measured optical density was converted to the hematocrit. The dilution curve for a finite injection and for a step injection, the mean transit time (MTT), and the appearance time for the arteriole and the venule were computed. The dispersion found in the arterial system, a network of diverging branches, was reasonably well simulated by the dispersion in a parabolic flow system. However, the dispersion found in the venules, where the irregular capillary blood flow converges, was considerably skewed from that in a parabolic system. A wide distribution of MTT was found for the arterioles and the venules, and there was considerable overlap in the MTT distribution for these two groups. This finding cannot be simulated by a network with a parallel arrangement. The difference in MTT for pairs of arterioles and venules was distributed over a narrow range, probably indicating shunt flow in the mesenteric microvascular network.
Social phobia and perceptions of early parental and personal characteristics

Abstract Research on the etiology of social phobia is virtually nonexistent in part because relevant theories about family and childhood antecedents have not been advanced. The present study was designed to assess the relevance of Buss' (1980) formulations regarding antecedents of social evaluative fears for understanding the development of social phobia. Social phobic patients' perceptions of early parental and childhood characteristics presumed to be associated with social evaluative concerns were compared to those of agoraphobic patients. Social phobics perceived their mothers as more avoidant of social phobic situations, their parents as seeking to isolate them, their parents as overemphasizing the opinions of others, and their parents as deemphasizing family sociability. Social phobics also reported greater self-consciousness and fewer dating partners during adolescence. A discriminant function analysis revealed that these criterion variables accurately classified 91% of social phobics and 77.3% of a...
Tilapia (Teleostei: Cichlidae) status in Nicaraguan natural waters

We surveyed the watersheds covering more than 80% of the surface area of Nicaragua, and review the history of deliberate introductions and unintentional invasion of tilapias, Oreochromis spp., into the freshwater of Nicaragua. The species have become widely established, with a range of negative consequences for the rich natural fish fauna of this Central American country. Tilapias compete directly with native cichlids in a number of ways, and have also supplanted native species as food fish in local markets. We suggest that introduced tilapias may have been responsible for the outbreak of blindness in native cichlids. We make recommendations on the management of these exotic species and on further introductions.
An image-processing enabled dental caries detection system

Research has shown that over 90% of all adults experience dental caries, and the early diagnosis of the carious lesion has become an important aspect of maintaining dental health. Advanced diagnostic and imaging devices can be used to identify tooth damage due to caries, compensating for the low sensitivity (high false negative) rate of visual and visual-tactile inspection by dentists. However, existing systems have such a high false positive rate that dentists often do not rely on the results, instead relying on traditional visual or visual-tactile inspection. Of the existing computer-aided diagnostic systems, few if any use digital image analysis for detection and diagnosis. By using digital images and a graphical user interface, our system will give both quantitative and qualitative feedback to dental practitioners, which will address the weaknesses of existing systems. This paper details our proposed system that makes use of commercial imaging equipment commonly owned by dental practices, including an intraoral camera, to process the digital images of teeth and quantitatively assess the presence and extent of caries on the surface of teeth. We demonstrate the feasibility of using advanced image processing techniques and a C4.5 decision tree classifier to accurately identify caries from digital images.
From local to global behavior in intelligent self-assembly

In this paper we present a method by which to organize the interactions of autonomous assembly agents in intelligent self-assembly (ISA). Each assembly agent has limited and local sensing and local rule-based control. A transition rule set (TRS) compiler is presented which takes a desired goal structure as input and gives as output a set of rules. When each assembly agent utilizes these rules, the desired goal structure is assembled. We show that the TRS compiler is scalable, efficient, and is capable of producing rules for a large class of goal structures.
Congenital hypoplasia of the middle lobe of the lung, with displacement of the anterior basal bronchus to the middle lobe stem.

SUMMARY A rare case is presented in which the principal branch of a normally appearing middle lobe bronchus was found to be a displaced anterior basal segmental bronchus. The segment formed by the latter was partially fused to the stunted middle lobe near the hilum but was separated from the lower lobe by a deep supernumerary fissure. The hypoplastic segments of the middle lobe formed a flattened layer of tissue which was fused congenitally to the upper lobe.
Principles of sequential-equivalence verification

Traditionally, designers use simulation to check the functional equivalence of specification and implementation models. Although simulation can eliminate some or most design errors, it can never completely certify design correctness. Formal equivalence verification (FEV) is a viable alternative that has gained wide industrial acceptance. FEV, which uses automata theory and mathematical logic to formally reason about the correctness of design transformations, is broadly divided into two categories: combinational and sequential. This article is a general survey of conceptual and algorithmic approaches to sequential equivalence checking. Although this fundamental problem is very complex, recent advances in satisfiability solvers and ATPG approaches are making good headway.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPLANTABLE BIOSENSOR SYSTEM FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS MONITORING DURING LONG DURATION SPACE EXPLORATION

Trauma is a likely scenario in long-duration manned space flights, and with accompanying hemorrhage, may lead to hyperlactatemia, tissue acidosis and hyperglycemia. Elevated lactate and glucose levels leads to extensive tissue damage, septicemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. A temporary, implantable, integrated glucose and lactate biotransducer and communications biochip for physiological status monitoring during trauma-induced hemorrhage is being developed. The biotransducer, based on the microdisc electrode array, and encapsulating bioactive hydrogels that mitigate fibrous capsule formation have been evaluated in vitro. Biorecognition layers, 1.0 – 5.0 microns thick, of p(HEMA-co-PEGMA-co-HMMA-co-MPC) hydrogels show diffusion coefficients for the redox mediator, ferrocene monocarboxylic acid (FcCOOH), that ranged from 2.64 x10-8 cm2/s (1 M% TEGDA) to 4.87 x10-9 cm2/s (12 M% TEGDA). Electropolymerization of pyrrole within the hydrogel resulted in a membrane co-network [p(HEMA-co-PEGMA-co-HMMA-co-MPC)-PPy] which conferred interference screening against the endogenous interferents. In vitro cell proliferation and viability studies confirmed these polymers as non-cytotoxic. The glucose biosensor exhibited a dynamic linear range of 0.10 - 13.0 mM glucose with a response time (t95) of 50 s. The immobilized glucose oxidase within the hydrogel membrane yielded a Km(app) of 35 mM. Linearity for assayed lactate was up to 90 mM, which represents a 30-fold increase in linear dynamic range compared to the use of planar electrodes. Operational stability gave 80% of the initial biosensor response after 5 days. An implantable biochip that supports telemetric reporting of intramuscular lactate, glucose, and pH levels allows development of resuscitation approaches for astronauts during long duration space missions.
Corrosion and wear behavior of laser cladded Ni–WC coatings

Abstract A nickel–tungsten carbide (Ni–WC) composite is an ideal protective coating for a harsh environment. In this study, the corrosion and wear behavior of a laser cladded Ni–WC coating fabricated by a high power direct diode laser (HPDDL) with different chemical compositions was investigated. In the modified Ni–60%WC, the chemical compositions were enhanced by the addition of lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ) and molybdenum and by replacing a portion of micro-sized WC with nano-WC particles. The corrosive resistance of the coatings was investigated utilizing potentiodynamic polarization, long-term immersion tests, and surface analytical techniques. The corresponding wear response was studied by using a dry unidirectional sliding wear test according to the ASTM G99 standard. Modification of the laser-cladded coatings was interpreted on the basis of its microstructure, microhardness, and phases of chemical composition. It has been observed that an optimal addition of nano-WC (5 wt.%), La 2 O 3 (1 wt.%), and Mo (1 wt.%) refines the grain size of the Ni binder and improves hardness, passivation capability of the coating under corrosion, and wear resistance. The pitting corrosive resistance of the modified coatings was enhanced due to a higher chemical stability, a more uniform surface potential, and a higher passivation capability.
Enhancing iBeacon Based Micro-Location with Particle Filtering

The advent of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) enabled Beacons is poised to revolutionize the indoor contextual aware services to the users. Due to the lower energy consumption and higher throughput, BLE could therefore be an integral pillar of an Internet of Things (IoT) Location Based Service (LBS). Tracking a user with high accuracy is known as Micro-Location. This is a requirement of many IoT user-centric applications for indoor environments. Although several technologies have been used for tracking purposes, the accuracy has always been a serious issue. At the same time, each vendor would install different technologies. In this work, we propose to use the cutting edge and commercially available Apple's iBeacon protocol and iBeacon BLE sensors for micro-location. We propose to leverage a control theoretic approach, namely particle filtering, in order to increase the tracking accuracy in an indoor environment. We performed extensive experiments and our results show that the proposed beacon based micro-location system can be used to locate a user in an indoor environment with an error as low as 0.27 meters.
Catalytic deoxygenation of bio-oil model compounds over acid-base bifunctional catalysts

An acid–base bifunctional catalyst was synthesized by treating a natural mixed-metal oxide, serpentine, with sulfuric acid. Catalyst characterization revealed that the number of acidic and basic sites increased after the acid treatment largely due to an increase in surface area. However, stronger acid sites were also introduced by the formation of bridged hydroxyl groups between a Si atom and a heteroatom, as inferred by H NMR and NH3-TPD analysis. Results from SEM-EDS and 1H NMR suggested that the acid and base sites were in close proximity. Catalytic conversions of carbohydrate-derived bio-oil model compounds were performed over different acid/base catalysts. Eight single bio-oil model compounds and two binary mixtures were used. The reactivity of the model compounds was found to be strongly correlated to the number of oxygen-containing functional groups in the reactant. The results from the binary mixtures showed that the acid–base bifunctional catalyst had the highest activity in aldol condensation re...
Susceptibility of Northern Corn Rootworm Adults to Aldrin in Ohio

Field-collected adults of northern corn rootworm Diabrotica Longicornis (Say), were treated with insecticideacetone solutions by topical application to determine variation in aldrin susceptibility between populations during 1963 and 1964. Periodic mortality tests were conducted to determine if the toxicity of aldrin to field-collected aldrin susceptible adults is related to the time of season that beetles were collected. It appears that approximately 10 years of aldrin or heptachlor soil treatment are necessary before aldrin resistance becomes a problem. However, aldrin or heptachlor soil treatment for over 10 years does not always result in aldrin-resistant populations. The LC50 value for beetles collected 14 days after the first adult was observed in the field was lower than values obtained with beetles collected late in the growing season. Aldrin-resistant adults of northern corn rootworm are cross resistant to heptachlor.
Redox-magnetohydrodynamics, flat flow profile-guided enzyme assay detection: toward multiple, parallel analyses.

A proof-of-concept superparamagnetic microbead-enzyme complex was integrated with microfluidics pumped by redox-magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) to take advantage of the magnet (0.56 T) beneath the chip and the uniform flat flow profile, as a first step toward developing multiple, parallel chemical analyses on a chip without the need for independent channels. The superparamagnetic beads were derivatized with alkaline phosphatase (a common enzyme label for biochemical assays) and magnetically immobilized at three different locations on the chip with one directly on the path to the detector and the other two locations adjacent to, but off the path, by a distance >5 times the detector diameter. Electroactive p-aminophenol, enzymatically generated at the bead-enzyme complex from its electroinactive precursor p-aminophenyl phosphate in a solution containing a redox species [Ru(NH3)6]3+/2+ for pumping and Tris buffer, was transported by redox-MHD and detected with square wave voltammetry at a 312 μm diameter gold mi...
Evidence for alpha-adrenergic activation and inactivation of phosphorylase in hamster adipocytes.

Exposure of hamster adipocytes to the selective beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol or to the selective alpha-adrenergic agonist methoxamine increased the percentage of phosphorylase a activity. When present together, the responses to methoxamine and isoproterenol were nearly additive. Of the alpha-adrenergic antagonists studied, prazosin was the most effective at blocking methoxamine activation of phosphorylase, followed by yohimbine and phenoxybenzamine. In contrast to the stimulatory action of methoxamine, clonidine (alpha2-specific) did not activate phosphorylase. Incubation of cells with 3-isobutyl-1-methyl xanthine (IBMX) increased phosphorylase a activity to levels observed with isoproterenol. When cells were exposed to methoxamine or clonidine alone with IBMX, the stimulatory action of IBMX on phosphorylase a activity was partially prevented. The inhibitory effect of methoxamine was increased by prazosin and prevented by yohimbine. These results show, therefore, that alpha-receptor activation can both increase and decrease phosphorylase a activity. These results serve to strengthen the view that alpha-adrenergic inhibition of phosphorylase is mediated by alpha2-receptors whereas activation of phosphorylase is mediated by alpha1-receptors and that alpha-receptor can both increase and decrease phosphorylase a activity. We suggest that these oppositely directed responses result from two different subtypes of alpha-adrenergic receptors present upon hamster adipocytes.
The molecular clutch model for mechanotransduction evolves

Many biological processes are influenced by the mechanical rigidity of surrounding tissues. Now, a combination of experiments and mathematical modelling has been used to describe the precise molecular and physical mechanism by which cells sense and respond to the mechanical properties of their extracellular environment through integrin-based adhesions.
THE ANALYSIS AND COMPARISON OF FAMILY AND SOCIAL ECONOMIC BURDEN OF INITIAL TREAT AND RETREAT TB CASE.

Objective:To analyze and compare the family and social economic burden of initial treat and retreat TB case.Methods:The TB economic burden was calulated as DALY.Results:The family and social economic burden of the retreat TB case is higher than that of the initial treat cases.Conclusion:The family and social economic burden of TB case,in particular,of the retreat TB case,must be reduced in order to decrease the retreatment TB case.
(Nearly) sample-optimal sparse Fourier transform

We consider the problem of computing a k-sparse approximation to the discrete Fourier transform of an n-dimensional signal. Our main result is a randomized algorithm that computes such an approximation using O(k log n(log log n)O(1)) signal samples in time O(k log2n(log log n)O(1)), assuming that the entries of the signal are polynomially bounded. The sampling complexity improves over the recent bound of O(k log n log(n/k)) given in [15], and matches the lower bound of Ω(k log(n/k)/log log n) from the same paper up to poly(log log n) factors when k = O(n1-δ) for a constant δ > 0.
Antigenic similarities among rodent urinary tract glycoproteins.

Abstract Urinary glycoconjugates (glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins, mucopolysaccharides) have been postulated as the natural defense mechanisms which prevent urinary tract infections. As a direct approach to establish the validity of this hypothesis, we have prepared a glycoprotein fraction (GP1) from rabbit bladder mucosal tissue and shown that it may be involved in the prevention of bacterial adherence. Immunohistochemical studies using fluorescence have demonstrated that murine antibodies raised to rabbit GP1 can be used as a semiquantitative index of glycprotein production. The present investigation addresses the question of the species restriction of the glycoprotein—whether it is confined to the rabbit or whether a similar or identical substance occurs in other species. Using an immunoperoxidase staining technique, we have examined the genitourinary tracts of Sprague Dawley rats, Golden hamsters, and Hartley guinea pigs. Mouse anti-rabbit GP1 was used as the primary antibody with an avidin-biotin complexing system. All three species reacted well with the murine antiserum but were negative with normal sera. Semiquantitative estimates of the relative amounts of this material in different areas of the genitourinary tract showed that the distal renal tubules, renal pelvic mucosa, ureters and bladders were rich in this glycoprotein while urethra and vagina were not.
Cooperation for aggregating complex electric power networks to ensure system observability

In this paper, we study the cooperative observability conditions for the local observers formulated on large-scale power systems. A complex large-scale power system model can be considered as a union of several low-dimensional sub-systems where local observers are to implemented. Even if the large-scale system is observable, local observers formulated on such sub-systems may be unstable if the resulting local sub-systems are un-observable. The aggregated effect of the sub-systems, although, may lead to observability. Under certain assumptions, we show that the un-observable local sub-systems can lead to observability by allowing appropriate cooperation among the local observers. In particular, the local error covariances of the local observers can be assimilated such that they preserve a certain (approximated) structure of the global error covariance. This results into stable local observers for un-observable, but, cooperating sub-systems. We provide simulations to assert the findings in the paper.
Morphological stability during electrodeposition

The uniform electrodeposition of certain materials, such as Li metal, remains elusive because the mechanisms controlling growth instability are not fully understood. To determine the conditions that lead to either stable or unstable deposition, we develop a phase-field model for the growth of multiple deposits in a binary electrolyte and examine the behavior as the kinetic parameters are varied. We find that the second Damkohler number, defined as the ratio between the reaction and the mass transfer fluxes, is an indicator of deposition instability. Our results suggest that controlling reaction kinetics and initial roughness are essential in achieving stable electrodeposition.
Future Trends and Predictions in Counseling

You are currently reading the third edition of Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Counseling. The first edition was published in 1986; the second, in 1996. Each of those earlier editions included a final chapter that made predictions for the future of the counseling profession. Many of those predictions have been realized while others have not. The final chapter of this book will look at those earlier predictions and discuss which ones came true, which did not, and what we can learn from that about the direction of the field. In addition, new predictions for the future of counseling are included in this book, organized according to the 12 preceding chapters.
Imprint of entanglement entropy in the power spectrum of inflationary fluctuations

If the inflaton couples to other degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) that populate the postinflationary stage, such coupling modifies the dynamics of the inflaton during inflation. We consider light fermions Yukawa coupled to the inflaton as ``unobserved'' d.o.f. integrated out of the total density matrix. Tracing out these d.o.f. yields a mixed density matrix whose time evolution is described by an effective field theory. We show that the coupling leads to profuse fermion pair production for super-Hubble inflaton fluctuations which lead to the growth of entanglement entropy during inflation. The power spectrum of inflaton fluctuations features scale invariance violations $\mathcal{P}(k)={\mathcal{P}}_{0}(k)\mathrm{exp}{8{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{k}}$ with corrections to the index and its running directly correlated with the entanglement entropy: ${S}_{vN}=\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\sum}_{k}[\mathrm{ln}(1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{k})+\frac{{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{k}\mathrm{ln}({\ensuremath{\xi}}_{k})}{1\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{k}}]$. For super-Hubble fluctuations we find ${\ensuremath{\xi}}_{k}=\ensuremath{-}\frac{{Y}^{2}}{48{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{2}}{2{N}_{T}\mathrm{ln}(k/{k}_{f})+{\mathrm{ln}}^{2}(k/{k}_{f})}$ with $Y$ the Yukawa coupling, ${N}_{T}$ the total number of e-folds during inflation, and ${k}_{f}$ a ``pivot'' scale corresponding to the mode that crosses the Hubble radius at the end of inflation.
Videos of ultrasonic wave propagation through transparent acrylic objects in water for introductory physics courses produced using refracto-vibrometry

This project used refracto-vibrometry to produce full-field videos of ultrasonic wave propagation in water; these videos could be incorporated into high school and college physics courses to illustrate wave behaviors. Refracto-vibrometry (RV) is an interferometric method for optically measuring sound waves. The measurement beam from a Polytec PSV-400 scanning laser Doppler vibrometer was directed through a water tank towards a stationary retroreflective surface. Acoustic wave fronts (density variations) which pass through the measurement laser cause variations in the integrated optical path length. By superimposing tens of thousands of scan points, videos enable visualization of the ultrasound propagation. In one experiment, ultrasonic waves in water (1484 m/s) are incident on a submerged acrylic block at a non-zero angle. The waves are refracted as they travel at about 2700 m/s through the block. Students can determine this speed of sound by measuring the angle of refraction and lateral deflection of the wave fronts in the video. In another experiment, ultrasonic waves passed through an acrylic cylinder, producing a Mach cone in water. Measurement of the Mach cone angle enables determination of the acrylic speed of sound. Links for videos and sample worksheets will be provided.
Environmental Impacts of Replacing Slickwater with Low/No-Water Fracturing Fluids for Shale Gas Recovery

The environmental impacts of a typical hydraulic fracturing operation for shale gas recovery were evaluated using life cycle assessment, with energy demands for well drilling and fracturing determined from GHGfrack model. Dominant environmental impacts stem from well construction, which are >63% in all categories (e.g., global warming and eutrophication), and mainly due to diesel fuel combustion and steel production. The relative impacts related to water use (i.e., fracturing fluid components, water/wastewater transportation, and wastewater disposal) are relatively small, ranging from 5 to 22% of total impacts in all categories; freshwater consumption for fracturing is also a small fraction of available water resources for the shale play considered. The impacts of replacing slickwater with CO2 or CH4-foam fracturing fluid (≤10 vol % water) were evaluated; total impacts decrease <12%, and relative impacts related to water use decrease to 2–9% of total impacts. Hence, switching to a foam-based fracturing fl...
Hanns Eisler's Art Songs: Arguing with Beauty

Best known for his collaborations with Bertolt Brecht, composer Hanns Eisler also set nineteenth-century German poetry to music that both absorbs and disturbs the Lieder tradition. This book traces Eisler's art songs (German: Kunstlieder) through twentieth-century political crises from World War I to Nazi-era exile and from Eisler's postwar deportation from the U.S. to the ideological pressures he faced in the early German Democratic Republic. His art songs are presented not as an escape from the "dark times" Brecht lamented but rather as a way to intervene in the nationalist appropriation of aesthetic material.This book follows a chronological arc from Eisler's early Morgenstern songs to his Lied-like setting of Brecht's 1939 "To Those Who Come After" and his treatment of Holderlin's poetry in the 1940s Hollywood Songbook; the final two chapters focus on Eisler's Goethe settings in the early GDR, followed by his late Serious Songs recalling Brahms in their reflective approach. In its combination of textual and musicological analysis, this book balances technical and lay vocabulary to reach readers with or without musical background. The author's practical perspective as a singer also informs the book, as she addresses not only what Eisler asks of the voice but also the challenge of evoking both intimacy and distance in his politically fraught art songs.Heidi Hart holds a PhD in German Studies from Duke University. She is an instructor in the College of Humanities and Social Sciences at Utah State University.
Post-earthquake infrared imagery, Parkfield-Cholame, California, earthquakes of June-August 1966

Post-earthquake infrared imagery of San Andreas fault during earthquake shocks and fault displacement June - August 1966
Enhancement of Optoelectronic Properties of Core–Shell Nanowires

We analyze the influence of dimensionality on optoelectronic properties of heterojunction core–shell nanowires (CSNWs) as subwavelength optical cavities. We discuss how the transition rates change with respect to electron distribution and identify three factors explicitly contributed to the transition rates with strong dependence on dimensionality. These results explain the great increase in optical gain and quantum efficiency of CSNWs and enable new classes of submicrometer-scale optoelectronic devices.
Association Between Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Observation for Low-risk Prostate Cancer.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the use of observation for men with low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database to identify men diagnosed with low-risk PCa during 2010-2013. We assessed the use of prostate MRI and management using claims in period surrounding PCa diagnosis. The relation of clinical and demographic factors to receipt of MRI was evaluated with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Following propensity score matching, we fit conditional logistic regression models to examine the association between prostate MRI and initial management, ie, observation or definitive treatment. RESULTS Of 8144 patients with low-risk PCa, 495 (6.1%) received MRI. Use of MRI increased from 3.4% in 2010 to 10.5% in 2013. A total of 3060 (37.6%) patients received observation. MRI was performed in 265 (8.7%) of patients receiving observation, and 230 (4.5%) who were treated (P < .0001). In multivariable analysis, measures of socioeconomic status were significantly associated with the use of prostate MRI. Following propensity score matching, receipt of prostate MRI surrounding the diagnosis of PCa was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of observation (odds ratio = 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.56-2.32). This effect persisted in sensitivity analyses attempting to exclude treatment-planning MRIs. CONCLUSION Receipt of prostate MRI surrounding PCa diagnosis was associated with a nearly 2-fold greater odds of receiving observation vs definitive treatment.
Animals positive for Yersinia pestis in Armenia

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the species composition of mammals and parasites involved in the epizootic process of plague in Armenia and their geographic distribution. Introduction: Plague was first identified in Armenia in 1958 when Y. pestis was isolated and cultured from the flea species Ct. teres collected from the burrows of common voles in the northwestern part of the country. In the process of digitalizing archived data, a statistical and spatial analysis of the species composition of mammals and parasites involved in the epizootic process of plague between 1958 and 2016 was performed. Methods: The plague archives of the NCDCP were exploited. The geographic addresses from which strains of Y. pestis were isolated from mammals and their parasite species were analyzed and grouped into 38 administrative regions (Fig.1). For geostatistical analysis, databases were created using Microsoft Excel and converted into a ESRI Geodatabase (Fig.2). Results: Data from the especially dangerous pathogen laboratories indicate that 9329 Y. pestis strains were isolated in 27 of the 38 regions of the country with 7022 (75%) of the strains found in just four regions: Abovyan 2597 (28%), Sisian 1953 (21%), Martuni 1416 (15%) and Ashotsk 1056 (11%) (Fig.3). During this period, plague bacteria were isolated from 17 mammal species including 15 rodents, Mustela nivalis (weasel), and Neomys fodien s (shrew) (Fig.4). Y. pestis was isolated from 22 species of fleas belonging to 11 genera along with two families of ticks. Of the 9329 bacterial isolates, 6540 (70.2%) came from fleas, 2646 (28.3%) came from mammals and 143 (1.5%) were from ticks (Fig.5). Conclusions: In Armenia, the primary mammalian host for Y. pestis is the common vole Microtus arvalis from which 2600 isolates (27.9%) were taken. Flea species from which large numbers of plague bacteria have been isolated include Ct. teres- 3758 (40.3%), Ct. wladimiri- 1262 (13.5%) and C. caspia- 667 (7.1%).
Self-Care Management after Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Recipient Needs and Experiences after Hospital Discharge

Purpose Each year approximately 3,000 individuals with heart failure (HF) receive a ventricular assist device (VAD). Little is known about VAD recipients perceived needs for self-care management and experiences upon discharge from the hospital. The objectives of this study were to explore the perceptions of self-care management needs and challenges experienced as described by VAD recipients in the post-hospital discharge period (ranging from 2 months to 1-year post-implant). Methods In this qualitative descriptive study, one-on-one semi structured interviews were conducted with VAD recipients from an advanced HF program at a Midwestern academic medical center. The interviews focused on perceived needs for self-care management and recipient experiences after discharge from the hospital. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and recurring themes were identified through both independent and collaborative thematic content analysis using three reviewers. Results Twelve VAD recipients completed interviews; eight were male, four were female, all were White/Caucasian, non-Hispanic, and mean age was 56.5 ± 9.6. Half of participants had been implanted 6 months or less from the time of interview. Qualitative content analysis revealed 5 themes: (1) difficulties showering, (2) body image and what to wear, (3) feeling tethered, (4) importance of support system, and (5) lack of comfort with local community health care when living a distance from implant center. Conclusion These findings provide direction in terms of patients perceived needs for a post-discharge self-management intervention. Practical issues (e.g. showering, what to wear, and general VAD maintenance), as well as, broader psychological issues related to dependency on the VAD are a concern for recipients. Importance of the support system including VAD familiarity in local health care providers should be addressed.
Some Numerical Methods

In this chapter, we will briefly review some popular numerical methods widely used in practice. Of course it is not a comprehensive collection. We will demonstrate certain methods that are simple and widely used or, in our opinion, interesting and promising both theoretically and numerically. We observe that most of these methods have not been justified and in some cases even not rigorously tested numerically.
The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in AL amyloidosis and their impact on treatment response.

e19539Background: Chromosomal abnormalities (CA) found in AL amyloidosis (AL) are similar to those found in multiple myeloma (MM.) However, t(11;14) has been reported more frequently in AL, anywher...
The Patient-Scientist's Mandate.

The Patient-Scientist’s Mandate Having learned that she has inherited a fatal genetic mutation in the prion protein gene, a young woman and her husband change careers and retrain in biomedicine so ...
A TECHNIQUE FOR STUDYING PHYSIOLOGICALLY INDUCED CONDUCTED RESPONSES IN-SITU

Investigators have demonstrated that there is communication of signals between neighboring segments of the vasculature (12). Applying small amounts of certain vasomotor substances such as acetylcholine or αl-adrenergic receptor agonists, causes vasomotor responses both at the site of application and at locations remote from the site of application (Fig. 1). These vasomotor responses are assumed to be conducted along the vessel wall through gap junction communication. The cell type actually conducting the signal may be endothelium or smooth muscle and the signal has a length constant of about 1.9 mm. This electrotonic communication is being proposed as a pathway that will permit different regions of the vasculature to communicate longitudinally without a role for a neural network. If this communication is shown to be significant then, in essence, any stimulus that affects the membrane potential of the cells in the vessel wall could potentially cause a change in the diameter of neighboring arteriolar segments.