cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The new human genetics.

This overview for the special issue of Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis devoted to recent advances in human genetics relevant to mutagenesis briefly surveys the advances in the field. We present the evidence that trinucleotide repeat expansion can cause anticipation in human inherited disease. The finding that transposons are active in humans, as they are in other organisms, is reviewed. We present an example of two different diseases being caused by mutations in one gene. The role of mitochondrial mutations and parent-specific gene origin effects (“imprinting”) are briefly reviewed; fuller reviews are provided in other articles in this special issue. Finally, the relevance of epigenetic inheritance by protein-protein interaction is included. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
LINEAR AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM AND FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION OF THE B875 LIGHT‐HARVESTING BACTERIOCHLOROPHYLL‐PROTEIN COMPLEX FROM RHODOPSEUDOMONAS SPHAEROIDES

— The orientation of the chromophores in the B875 light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll complex isolated from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides by lithium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was examined by linear and circular dichroism and fluorescence polarization procedures. The circular dichroism in the near-IR was weaker than that of the B800–850 light-harvesting complex and had a distinctly different shape. This suggested a different geometry for the two bacteriochlorophylls of B875 and less interactive association between their transition moments. The magnitude of the circular dichroism in the carotenoid region of B875 was similar to that of B800–850 but gave more negative values between approx. 430–485 nm; this may reflect a difference in the asymmetric binding of carotenoids to the B875 protein. The fluorescence polarization increased sharply across the near-IR region of B875 and achieved very high values at long wavelengths. This confirmed that more than one transition contributed to this absorption band. The linear dichroism of B875 did not show a significant change in this near-IR band like that observed for the longest wavelength band of B800–850. Thus, the transition moments for each bacteriochlorophyll within B875 appear to be tilted to approximately the same extent with respect to the protein axis. These results distinguish B875 from all other light-harvesting complexes and suggest that the antennae of Rhodospirillaceae which contain a single near-IR absorption band cannot be classified into a single group.
Ethnic Identification and Perception of Racial Harmony.

The results of this study of the attitudes of white and minority students have suggested the following conclusions: 1. White and minority students have different perceptions of and different values attached to racial harmony. 2. Studies on busing and integration have focused on measures of outcome and not on understanding racial and ethnic differences, which understanding is a necessary condition for determining the sources of ethnic identification. 3. Yet, understanding the sources of ethnic identification is a necessary condition for effective teaching-that is, the kind of teaching which results in intercultural awareness, racial tolerance, and maximum learning. 4. In light of these conclusions, the following suggestions are offered: a. that more research be conducted into the attitudinal dispositions of white and minority students in integrated schools b. that the curriculum of urban oriented teacher training programs be restructured to emphasize the special challenges of teaching racially, culturally, ethnically, and economically diverse students, so that teachers will no longer be left on their own to design educational programs for their ethnically diverse classrooms.
Closure properties of the relevation transform

Sufficient conditions under which the relevation of two probability distributions is (i) NBU, (ii) IFRA, (iii) IFR are derived. The result for case (iii) corrects an error in a previous article by Baxter.
Theory to practice: Implementing behavior change with your patients

Abstract Obstetricians/Gynecologists can play a pivotal role in helping their patients modify unhealthy behaviors. The authors describe a clinically-oriented framework for helping patients implement and maintain three desirable health behaviors: regular exercise, weight loss, and smoking cessation. Patients who successfully implement these behaviors can expect substantial physical and psychological health benefits. The statements and sentiments expressed by physicians can greatly facilitate progress through the stages of contemplating making a change, preparing to make a change, and finally implementing and maintaining a new behavior. Relapse on one or more occasions is commonplace. The physician’s role is to help the patient view relapse in a normative context, help identify the underlying reasons, provide strategies for averting another relapse, and motivate the patient to try again. Because of the substantial impact on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, physicians and patients must overcome barriers to working on behavior change and consider it a long-term project within the physician-patient relationship.
Bad Apple: The Social Production And Subsequent Reeducation of a Bad Tracher

This essay tells the story of one person's transformation from ineffective to effective teacher. While ostensibly a narrative of personal revelation and growth, the author reveals that re-envisioning who he is as a teacher required critical reflection on the social forces that shape people. He shows the link between his early discomforts and failures in the classroom and the basic messages about education and self-worth conveyed in the community that raised him. And he introduces us to remarkable students who taught him the real-world and classroom implications of abstractions like race and class. These experiences culminated in better teaching but, more importantly, in the recognition that we cannot know and reach our students unless we are willing to interrogate and transform the lens—the social self—that we bring to the classroom.
Suggestions for the ethical practice of online psychotherapy.

This article identifies some of the ethical controversies surrounding the use of online therapy conducted via e-mail, chat rooms, or interactive video and identifies practical solutions for ethical dilemmas. Consensus on the subject is hard to find, and although many authors and organizations have offered their opinions, this has led to such variation in advice that psychologists considering expanding their practice to include online therapy would certainly be confused. This article is the product of an extensive literature review on the ethics of online therapy and seeks to operationalize what the field appears to agree are the major ethical issues. A set of practice suggestions based on the work of various authors and organizations are proposed rather than ethical standards or guidelines.
A recombinant canine distemper virus expressing a modified rabies virus glycoprotein induces immune responses in mice

Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rabies virus (RV) are two important pathogens of the dog. CDV, a member of the morbillivirus genus, has shown promise as an expression vector. The glycoprotein from RV is a main contributor to protective immunity and capable of eliciting the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we recovered an attenuated strain of canine distemper virus and constructed a recombinant virus, rCDV-RV-G, expressing a modified (R333Q) rabies virus glycoprotein (RV-G) of RV Flury strain LEP. RV-G expression by the recombinant viruses was confirmed. Furthermore, G was proved to be incorporated into the surface of CDV particles. While replication of the recombinant virus was slightly reduced compared with the parental CDV, it stably expressed the RV-G over ten serial passages. Inoculation of mice induced specific neutralizing antibodies against both RV-G and CDV. Therefore, the rCDV-RV-G has the potential as a vaccine that may be used to control rabies virus infection in dogs and other animals.
Transmitter systems involved in neural plasticity undelying increased anxiety and defense— Implications for understanding anxiety following traumatic stress

Lasting changes in anxiety-like behavior (ALB) may be produced in several ways. These include partial limbic kindling, injection of the beta-carboline FG-7142, and brief, non-injurious, exposure of rodents to cats (predator stress). Both seizures and FG-7142 induce long-term potentiation (LTP) in efferent pathways of the amygdala known to participate in feline defensive behavior. By comparing the behavioral and physiological effects of partial kindling and injection of FG-7142, NMDA-dependent LTP in the right amygdalo-periacqueductal gray (PAG) pathway emerges as being critical to maintained increases in feline ALB. A similar dependence on NMDA-mediated processes is described for lasting increases in rodent ALB following predator stress. The lasting aftereffects of predator stress on a variety of measures parallel many of the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Support is provided for the idea that behavioral changes following FG-7142 and predator stress may model anxiety associated with PTSD. Moreover, it is suggested that both models share mechanisms in common involving the PAG. These mechanisms likely involve initiation of LTP by NMDA receptors, and prolongation of LTP by CCKB receptors. To the extent that response to the stressors reviewed here mimics the symptoms of PTSD, the data implicate NMDA-mediated processes in the creation of what van der Kolk has called permanent emotional memories in PTSD. Their representation may be in the form of NMDA-dependent LTP of transmission within the amygdala and between the amygdala and its efferents. CCK may play a pivotal role in prolonging limbic LTP and anxiety following traumatic stress. Since block of CCKB receptors before and after the stressor prevents lasting increases in ALB, pharmacological intervention to block CCK receptors shortly after a traumatic stressor might be efficacious in mitigating the permanence of these emotional memories.
Areas of the brain stimulatory to LH and FSH secretion.

Plasma levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay following electrochemical stimulation of various brain areas. Stimulation of many sites in an area of the brain beginning in the medial septum and extending through the preoptic area (POA) and anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) and terminating in the median eminence arcuate complex (MEAC) resulted in highly significant increases in plasma LH levels. Approximately 80 % of the sites in-the POA, AHA and MEAC which were found to be stimulatory to LH were also stimulatory to FSH secretion. Plasma LH levels were highest 0.5 hr after stimulation of the POA, AHA and MEAC, while FSH levels did not increase until 3.0 hr after stimulation. The significant difference in latency for onset of hormone secretion suggests that LH and FSH may be controlled by 2 separate neuronal networks which could not be resolved by the stimulus employed in this study. It was also noted that medial septal stimulation caused a much more prolonged increment in LH secretion than ...
Nanowire architectures for iodide free dye-sensitized solar cells

In this study, we show that the performance of iodide free redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells could be significantly improved by engineering the electron transport and surface properties of the electrode materials. Specifically, tin oxide nanowires electrophoretically coated with titania nanoparticles and subsequently passivated with a submonolayer of alumina by atomic layer deposition show a remarkable ten-fold increase in short-circuit current densities over those obtained with titania nanoparticles, even when a typical N-719 dye is used for sensitization. Comparison of the performance of different electrode materials such as nanowires, nanoparticles and nanowire–nanoparticle hybrid architectures of tin oxide and titania suggests that fast electron transport helps in improving the short-circuit current density with ferrocene/ferrocenium and TEMPO redox couples. The nature of the surface trap states and their passivation have a significant effect on the electron lifetimes in the semiconductor and the resulting open-circuit voltage with these redox couples. The higher electron diffusion lengths with the tin oxide nanowire based architectures allow for thicker electrodes with enhanced dye loading. The analysis of literature data on DSCs made using different dyes and alternate redox couples suggests smaller delta G or reorganization energy for non-ruthenium based dyes.
Receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide and secretin on guinea pig pancreatic acini

We investigated the abilities of VIP and secretin to occupy receptors and to increase cellular cyclic AMP using dispersed acini from guinea pig pancreas. The dose-inhibition curve for inhibition of binding of 125I-VIP by VIP was broad with detectable inhibition at 0.1 nM VIP, half-maximal inhibition at 2 nM VIP and complete inhibition at 10 microM VIP. Secretin also inhibited binding of 125I-VIP was compatible with two VIP-preferring receptors with one class having a high affinity for VIP (Kd 1.1 nM) and a low affinity for secretin (Kd 5 microM) and the other class having an intermediate affinity for VIP (Kd 470 nM). The dose inhibition curve for inhibition of binding of 125I-secretin by secretin was not broad. Half-maximal inhibition occurred with 7 nM secretin or with 10 microM VIP. Computer analysis was compatible with a single secretin-preferring receptor with a high affinity for secretin (Kd 7 nM) and a low affinity for VIP (Kd 5.9 microM). Comparison of the ability of VIP to increase cyclic AMP with or without the secretin-receptor antagonist, secretin-5-27, demonstrated only occupation of the high affinity VIP-preferring or high affinity secretin-preferring receptors increase cyclic AMP. Our results demonstrate that, in contrast to previous reports, guinea pig pancreatic acini possess 3 classes of receptors that interact with VIP and secretin. The low affinity receptor seen with 125I-VIP is not the same as the secretin-preferring receptor and does not increase cellular cyclic AMP.
Thousand-Core Chips [Roundtable]

The 2007 Design Automation Conference (DAC) had a special session entitled "1000 Core Chips," which was organized by Radu Marculescu (Carnegie Mellon University) and Li-Shiuan Peh (Princeton University). This session examined some of the ramifications of multicore chip design from four perspectives: technology, architecture, programming, and design automation. In this roundtable, held immediately following the conference session, the presenters expounded on the future of multicore chips with respect to education, programming languages, operating systems, and design automation.
The Utility of Family Life Cycle as a Theoretical and Empirical Tool Commitment and Family Life-Cycle Stage

Using data from a 1980 national sample of married men and women, the analysis examines the utility of the family life cycle concept, employing as dependent variables constructs from Johnson’s conceptualization of commitment. They argue, in disagreement with two classic critiques of the family life cycle concept, that the predictive power of family life cycle is, for many dependent variables, quite independent of age or length of marriage. Their analyses demonstrate that, when using dependent variables one would expect to be related to the presence and ages of children, family life cycle remains a useful predictive tool.
The Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) in eligible American countries: Benefits, challenges and relationship to Internet use

The Health Internetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI) aims to reduce financial and legal barriers to scholarship by providing Internet access to full text biomedical and health research articles for scholars in economically developing countries. In this study citation data was used to evaluate if HINARI journals have had greater use since the initiation of the program in eligible American countries. Also considered was if a relationship exists between the use of HINARI journals and Internet user statistics. While an increase of journal use is apparent in two of three sub-regions (Caribbean America and Central America), only one of three sub-regions (South America) suggests a correlation between Internet use and HINARI citation frequency. The benefits, challenges and future considerations for HINARI are discussed, as they pertain to scholars and program administrators.
Perchlorate and chlorate biogeochemistry in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica

Abstract We measured chlorate (ClO 3 − ) and perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) concentrations in ice covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica, to evaluate their role in the ecology and geochemical evolution of the lakes. ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − are present throughout the MDV Lakes, streams, and other surface water bodies. ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − originate in the atmosphere and are transported to the lakes by surface inflow of glacier melt that has been differentially impacted by interaction with soils and aeolian matter. Concentrations of ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − in the lakes and between lakes vary based on both total evaporative concentration, as well as biological activity within each lake. All of the lakes except the East lobe of Lake Bonney support biological reduction of ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − either in the anoxic bottom waters or sediment. The younger less saline lakes (Miers and Hoare), have surface ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − concentrations, and ratios of ClO 3 − /Cl − and ClO 4 − /Cl − , similar to source streams, while Lake Fryxell has concentrations similar to input streams but much lower ClO 3 − /Cl − and ClO 4 − /Cl − ratios, reflecting the influence of a large Cl − source in bottom sediments. ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − in Lake Bonney are the highest of all the lakes reflecting the lake’s greater age and higher concentration of Cl − . ClO 4 − appears to be stable in the East Lobe and its concentration is highly correlated with Cl − concentration suggesting that some ClO 4 − at depth is a remnant of the initial seawater that formed Lake Bonney. ClO 3 − and ClO 4 − concentrations provide a simple and sensitive means to evaluate microbial activity in these lakes due to their relatively low concentrations and lack of biological sources, unlike NO 3 − , NO 2 − , and SO 4 −2 .
Normal stroke volume and cardiac output response during dobutamine stress echocardiography in subjects without left ventricular wall motion abnormalities

Dobutamine stress echocardiography has become widely utilized for evaluation of coronary artery disease, but the expected responses of stroke volume and cardiac output to the high doses of dobutamine administered in these studies are not known. To determine these responses, stroke volume and cardiac output were measured with 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography at each stage of dobutamine stress echocardiography and after administration of atropine in 47 patients without resting or inducible wall motion abnormalities. Heart rate increased significantly at each stage of dobutamine infusion and after atropine. Mean blood pressure decreased at the 5 micrograms/kg/min dose, then showed little change. Stroke volume increased 27 +/- 18% from baseline, with significant increases occurring at both the 5 and 10 micrograms/kg/min doses (p < 0.00001). With higher doses of dobutamine, stroke volume tended to plateau or decrease. Mean changes in stroke volume were not significant between the doses of 10, 20, and 30 micrograms/kg/min. The mean change in stroke volume from the 30 to the 40 micrograms/kg/min dose was a significant decrease of 6.3% (p = 0.004); the decrease from the 40 micrograms/kg/min dose to atropine approached statistical significance (p = 0.06). Cardiac output increased throughout dobutamine infusion. Stroke volume during dobutamine stress echocardiography is commonly maximum at a dose of 20 micrograms/kg/min and tends to decline at higher infusion rates. At higher doses, increases in cardiac output are mediated primarily by increases in heart rate.
Interactions between motile Escherichia coli and glass in media with various ionic strengths, as observed with a three-dimensional-tracking microscope

Escherichia coli bacteria have been observed to swim along a glass surface for several minutes at a time. Settling velocities of nonmotile cells and a computer simulation of motile cells confirmed that an attractive force kept the bacteria near the surface. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether this attractive force could be explained by reversible adhesion of E. coli to the surface in the secondary energy minimum, according to the theory of Derjaguin, Landan, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO theory). This theory describes interactions between colloidal particles by combining attractive van der Waals forces with repulsive electrostatic forces. A three-dimensional-tracking microscope was used to follow both wild-type and smooth-swimming E. coli bacteria as they interacted with a glass coverslip in media of increasing ionic strengths, which corresponded to increasing depths of the secondary energy minimum. We found no quantifiable changes with ionic strength for either the tendencies of individual bacteria to approach the surface or the overall times bacteria spent near the surface. One change in bacterial behavior which was observed with the change in ionic strength was that the diameters of the circles which the smooth-swimming bacteria traced out on the glass increased in low-ionic-strength solution.
Reflections of Medical Students Regarding the Care of Geriatric Patients in the Continuing Care Retirement Community

Objective There is growing recognition that students training to provide care for older adults need to be trained in all settings where older adults receive care, including retirement communities. The purpose of this study was to allow medical students to see older patients living and participating in activities in the long-term care setting and examine the effects that this experience had on the students. Methods Medical students were assigned to write an open-ended reflection paper about a community health experience. Forty-eight students wrote their reflection papers on their experience in a continuing care retirement facility. Three independent reviewers examined these reflective narratives for common themes. Results After analyzing the students' narratives, 6 themes emerged: (1) The initial exposure to dementia, (2) confronting death and dying, (3) the diversity of care and services for the elderly, (4) the cost of care for the elderly, (5) seniors can lead active lives if given the opportunity, and (6) the rewards of the health care team-patient relationship. Conclusion The students' reflective narratives provide valuable insights into how medical students view retirement communities, the physician's role in the care of geriatric patients, the importance of interdisciplinary health care, the cost of care for elderly patients, and their views on dementia and dying. Through this experience, students received valuable lessons about taking care of older adults in the community that their interactions with patients in the hospital and ambulatory medical offices had not provided.
RECENT ADVANCES IN BACTERIAL GENETICS

In this lengthy article, Luria provided a thorough overview of the state of research on bacterial genetics in 1947.
Electrophysiological testing of sinus node function: diagnostic and prognostic application-including updated information from sinus node electrograms.

Sinus node function, including automaticity, conduction, and refractoriness, can be studied in the human electrophysiology laboratory. This review details the current methods used for such studies and discusses their clinical value. Of special emphasis in this article is the role of sinus node electrography in the clinical laboratory. Included also is an update of the data relating the duration of sinus node depolarization as measure on sinus node electrograms to other parameters that assess sinus node function as well as data supporting the direct relationship between the duration of the sinus node depolarization and the severity of sinus node dysfunction.
Drift chamber performance in a strong magnetic field: Measurement of the drift angle up to 4.5 T

Abstract We present the results of the first measurements in a study of drift chamber performance in very strong magnetic fields. The angle of the electron drift has been measured as a function of electric and magnetic field intensity for an argon-isobutane-methylal gas mixture. Fields up to 5500 V/cm and 4.5 T have been studied.
Current and future applications of virtual reality for medicine

Virtual reality is just emerging as an accepted scientific discipline for medicine. The majority of near-term applications are in the area of surgical planning, interoperative navigation, and surgical simulations. Its use in rehabilitative medicine and psychiatry has made significant progress. The immediate future holds promise for virtual endoscopy, which may replace standard endoscopic procedures for diagnostic screening. Viewing of these virtual images may be with head-mounted displays or true suspended holograms. The most highly developed area is in surgical simulations. Current generations are approaching photorealistic representation of the anatomy, while measurement science is providing physical tissue properties and physiologic parameters. The types of simulations range from "needle-based" procedures, such as standard intravenous insertion, central venous placement catheter, and chest-tube insertion to more sophisticated simulations of full surgical procedures like laparoscopic cholecystectomy or hysteroscopic resection of interuterine myoma. In addition, haptic input devices are providing the sense of touch to the procedures. Soon there will be patient-specific models derived from computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans that will permit a surgeon to practice a delicate surgical procedure on the patient's specific virtual anatomy before actually performing the procedure on the patient.
Orientation of transition moments in excited-state absorption of polymethine and squarylium dyes

Summary form only given. Over the past several years our efforts have been directed toward a systematic investigation of nonlinear properties of a new series of polymethine dyes (PDs) and squarylium dyes (SDs) in liquid solutions and polymeric media. These studies led to the development of several new dyes showing strong excited-state absorption (ESA) in the visible region with the ratios of excited-to ground-state absorption cross-sections up to 200 at 532 nm. One of these dye's (labeled PD2338) chemical structure is shown along with its singlet energy-level diagram. The study of the excited state transition moments will lead to a deeper understanding of the nature of ESA in organic molecules and will aid in the quantum-chemical calculations for the prediction of their nonlinear properties. To measure the orientation of the transition moments we use a pump-probe geometry in which the probe polarization is fixed and the pump polarization can be rotated using a halfwave plate. In a pump-probe experiment an intense pump beam induces a nonlinear response in the medium that is then sensed by the weak probe beam. This experimental procedure may be used to determine population decay kinetics and rotational relaxation times. These decay times can be measured by conducting three measurements for the pump polarization-parallel, perpendicular, and at the magic angle (57.3 degrees) to the probe. The results for PD2338, using the second harmonic of a picosecond (25 ps FWHM) Nd:YAG laser are shown.
Antral follicle count is a significant predictor of livebirth in in vitro fertilization cycles.

In the first published demonstration that the antral follicle count (AFC) predicts live birth after in vitro fertilization–embryo transfer (IVF-ET), we found that an AFC of ≥11 was a strong positive predictor of live birth. The AFC should not be used to exclude women from IVF treatment; however, it is a very useful instrument for patient counseling and determining appropriate treatment protocols and gonadotropin dosing in IVF cycles.
Transforming growth factor-β signal transduction in epithelial cells

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta is a natural and potent growth inhibitor of a variety of cell types, including epithelial, endothelial, and hematopoietic cells. The ability of TGF-beta to potently inhibit the growth of many solid tumors of epithelial origin, including breast and colon carcinomas, is of particular interest. However, many solid tumor cells become refractory to the growth inhibitory effects of TGF-beta due to defects in TGF-beta signaling pathways. In addition, TGF-beta may stimulate the invasiveness of tumor cells via the paracrine effects of TGF-beta. Accordingly, in order to develop more effective anticancer therapeutics, it is necessary to determine the TGF-beta signal transduction pathways underlying the growth inhibitory effects and other cellular effects of TGF-beta in normal epithelial cells. Thus far, two primary signaling cascades downstream of the TGF-beta receptors have been elucidated, the Sma and mothers against decapentaplegic homologues and the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. The major objective of this review is to summarize TGF-beta signaling in epithelial cells, focusing on recent advances involving the Sma and mothers against decapentaplegic homologues and Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. This review is particularly timely in that it provides a comprehensive summary of both signal transduction mechanisms and the cell cycle effects of TGF-beta.
Permeability Measurement Methods in Porous Media of Fiber Reinforced Composites

Accurate measurement of permeability is critical for fluid flow modeling in porous media. Various experimental methods devised to measure permeability as a porous material property in composites are reviewed. Liquid flow and gas flow methods of permeability measurement for in-plane and transverse directions specifically for fiber-reinforced composites are discussed, as well as issues related to these methods and some associated permeability models. Alternative methods of permeability determination based on cross transport phenomenon are reviewed as well. DOI: 10.1115/1.4001047
Development and initial validation of the barriers to diabetes adherence measure for adolescents

Aims The purpose of this study was to develop a measure of psychosocial barriers to adherence in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and examine relationships to patient characteristics, adherence, and hemoglobin A1C (A1C).
Myxoid lipoadenoma of parathyroid gland: a case report and literature review

Myxoid lipoadenoma of the parathyroid gland is a rare variant of parathyroid adenoma. We present the case of a 40-year-old man with asymptomatic hypercalcemia who underwent surgical removal of a parathyroid adenoma. Histologically, the tumor consisted of monomorphous round-to-oval chief cells arranged in several architectural patterns including solid sheet-like, trabecular, and follicular. The tumor stroma was prominently myxoid with interspersed mature adipose tissue. Immunohistochemistry confirmed expression of thyroid transcription factor and parathyroid hormone by all tumor cells and a low proliferation rate with a Ki-67 labeling index of at most 5%. Although the lesion exhibited characteristics that have been previously associated with "atypical parathyroid adenoma," such as dense fibrous bands within the tumor and a trabecular growth pattern, there was no further evidence, neither histologically nor clinically, for malignant behavior of the tumor.
Inductive properties of fixed point sets of mappings on posets and on partially ordered topological spaces

In this paper, we prove several fixed point theorems on both posets and partially ordered topological spaces for set-valued mappings. We also provide the inductive properties of the sets of fixed points for some order-increasing mappings.
The role of knee joint moments and knee impairments on self-reported knee pain during gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Background The association between high mechanical knee joint loading during gait with onset and progression of knee osteoarthritis has been extensively studied. However, less attention has been given to risk factors related to increased pain during gait. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knee joint moments and clinical characteristics that may be associated with gait-related knee pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Methods Sixty-seven participants with knee osteoarthritis were stratified into three groups of no pain (n=18), mild pain (n=27), or moderate/severe pain (n=22) based on their self-reported symptoms during gait. All participants underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Quadriceps strength, knee extension range of motion, radiographic knee alignment and self-reported measures of global pain and function were also quantified. Findings The moderate/severe pain group demonstrated worse global pain (P Interpretation Greater knee flexion moment is present during the midstance phase of gait in patients with knee osteoarthritis and moderate/severe pain during gait. Additionally, greater varus malalignment may be a sign of increased global knee joint dysfunction that can influence many activities of daily living beyond gait.
Provider Distribution Changes in Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in the Medicare Population Over the Past Decade

Both radiologists as well as nonimaging physicians perform dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) imaging in the United States. This study aims to compare provider distribution between these physician groups on the Medicare population, which is the predominant age group of patients evaluated by this imaging procedure. Using the 2 relevant Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition codes for DXA scans, source data were obtained from the CMS Physician Supplier Procedure Summary Master Files from 2003 through 2013. DXA scan procedure volumes for radiologists and nonradiologists on Medicare patients were tabulated. Utilization rates were calculated. From 2003 to 2013, the total number of DXA scans performed on Medicare patients decreased by 2%. However, over the same period, the number of scans performed by radiologists had increased by 25% over nonimaging specialists, whose utilization had declined by approximately the same amount. From 2003 to 2013, the rate of utilization of DXA scans in the Medicare fee-for-service population declined somewhat. However, radiologists continue to gain market share from other specialists and now predominate in this type of imaging by a substantial margin.
Loud Men: The Poetic Visions of Robert Bly, Ice Cube, and Etheridge Knight:

This paper describes three poets, Robert Bly, Ice Cube, and Etheridge Knight, and their poetic representations of masculinity. Their works are examined using the theoretical frame of “loudness.” Ea...
Still Dancing Together: Women Workers' Mobilization, State Action, and Global Capital

I appreciate the opportunity this symposium offers to revisit We Are in This Dance Together, and to rethink some of the book’s insights from a world systems perspective. As a feminist ethnographer, my goal was to understand women workers’ lives and how they participated in shaping their own futures as active agents. Being immersed in the shop floor, flooded with daily experiences, conversations, and observations, I focused on social relations of power at the shop floor and state institutional levels rather than the world system. Global power dynamics, however, were palpable on the shop floor. This forum allows me to revisit Moctezuma, examine how the apparel industry and state policy have changed since my time there in ways that provide new opportunities and constraints for workers, and reflect on questions and insights provided by the essayists.
Does Brummeria sweep clean? A US tax-law perspective

The Supreme Court of Appeal judgment in Commissioner for the South African Revenue Service v Brummeria Renaissance Ltd holds that an interest-free loan produces taxable income for the borrower equal to the interest that would have been charged at market rates. The decision has been wrongly criticized as an 'economic disaster' imposing 'double taxation.' To ignore the economic benefit to a borrower of an interest-free loan is to undermine the fundamental object of the income tax, which is to apportion taxes according to economic well-being. The Brummeria judgment, nevertheless, fails to consider other critical aspects of the interest-free loan transaction. The proper tax treatment of such loans implicates multiple taxpayers and requires an appropriate balance between preventing tax avoidance, on the one hand, and keeping the income tax law from becoming overly complex, on the other. This article compares Brummeria with US tax law, which recharacterizes an interest-free loan as a loan bearing interest at the market rate, coupled with a non-loan payment from the lender to the borrower that funds the payment of market-rate interest by the borrower. The comparison suggests that it does not make sense to expect courts to deal adequately with the problem. The tax-avoidance potential of interest-free loans calls for a legislative or an administrative (rather than a judicial) solution.
A qualitative study of the perspectives of individuals with disabilities about their health care experiences: implications for culturally appropriate health care

Purpose This study explores the health care experience of individuals with disabilities and how this knowledge can guide health care professionals in providing effective and compassionate care for persons with disabilities. Methods Participants’ experiences about the health care they received were quantitatively analyzed for common themes. Results Participants most often discussed the process of how they came to receive their official disability diagnosis. Another recurrent theme was disability etiology, in which participants described the events or process that resulted in a disability. Two other frequent themes, normality and others’ perceptions of disability, centered upon what it means to be “normal” or others’ assumptions about what it means to be “normal” (as opposed to having a disability). Family support and struggles, experiences with medical professionals and hospitals, and barriers to inclusion and accommodations were the other key themes. Conclusions This study provides insights to aspects of living with a disability that individuals with disabilities felt were important for health care professionals to know. Being aware of these topics may help health care providers in establishing good communication with their patients who have a disability.
Nanometer-Scale Pulsed Laser Modification of the Basal Plane of Graphite Observed with STM

Scanning tunneling microscopy has been used to document changes in the nanometer-scale morphology of the basal plane of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite after exposure to 7 ns, 1064 nm laser.pulses in air. Surface modification was visible at fluences far below those that produce melting. Damage appears first on step edges and consists of exfoliation of graphite layers and recession of steps through removal of mono- or multilayer patches.
Seasonal inconsistencies in the relationship between honey bee longevity in field colonies and laboratory cages

(2012). Seasonal inconsistencies in the relationship between honey bee longevity in field colonies and laboratory cages. Journal of Apicultural Research: Vol. 51, No. 2, pp. 218-219.
Research on Technology for Thermal-insulation Raising of Rice Seedlings

We studied the influences of different thermal-insulation seedling-raising measures on the seedling quality,yield,and yield components of 4 early rice varieties in double cropping system. The results showed that early rice varieties whose seeds were soaked with trichloroisocyanuric acid had a higher emergence rate,while those whose seeds were soaked with rice-seed companion had higher effective panicle number,biomass,number of grains per panicle,seed- setting rate,1000- grain weight and yield. Early rice varieties whose seedlings were raised on moist seedbed had higher grain yield,number of grains per panicle,and seed-setting rate,while those in the treatment"moist seedling-raising plus double membrane mulching"had higher grain yield and biomass.
New Technologies of Combustion Control System for Aluminum Melting Furnace

The high precise aluminum strip and foil is one of the development directions of aluminum processing industry.Melting is the first process for producing the strip and foll,and also is the key process for the product qualities.Taking the new type of combustion system of an imported aluminum melting fumace as an example,the paper introduces in detail the new technologies of combustion control system and their control functions.
Cost containment in microbiology.

Cost containment in microbiology will require that the laboratory introduce controls on ordering and specimen submission. Laboratory personnel must also establish criteria to limit the extent of specimen processing to the production of information that can be expected to be clinically useful. This will involve a close interaction with infectious disease services and clinical departments.
Transcending the Self Through Art: Altered States of Consciousness and Anomalous Events During the Creative Process

The capacity for transcending the self through art arises from the creative process, an altered state of consciousness facilitating the occurrence of anomalous events such as precognition and interior visions that appear to be outside the spacetime of waking life. Frustration can trigger the far-from-equilibrium conditions necessary for creativity, while inspiration may seem as if its source is exterior to the artist, and the experience of flow, like a trance state, can produce an altered sense of time. Archetypes in the creative process link a single mind to the collective unconscious and works of art become self-opening worlds that create an expanded reality.
Data Type and Scaling

With the fixed-point implementation of a digital signal processing (DSP) system, it generally becomes necessary to examine permissible ranges of numbers so that necessary adjustments can be made in order to avoid overflows. The most widely used method to avoid overflows is scaling. An overflow occurs when the outcome of an operation is too large or too small for a processor to handle. To be relevant say in a 16-bit system, when manipulating integer numbers, they must remain in the range of -32768 to 32767. Any operation resulting in a number smaller than -32768 or larger than 32767, can cause overflow. There are several other conditions that can result in an overflow, which must be avoided. The virtual instruments (VIs) are integrated into a polymorphic VI so that one VI can handle both scalar and array inputs and outputs. A polymorphic VI is a collection of multiple VIs for different instances having the same input and output connector pane.
Children Can Accurately Monitor and Control Their Number-Line Estimation Performance.

Accurate monitoring and control are essential for effective self-regulated learning. These metacognitive abilities may be particularly important for developing math skills, such as when children are deciding whether a math task is difficult or whether they made a mistake on a particular item. The present experiments investigate children's ability to monitor and control their math performance. Experiment 1 assessed task- and item-level monitoring while children performed a number line estimation task. Children in 1st, 2nd, and 4th grade (N = 59) estimated the location of numbers on small- and large-scale number lines and judged their confidence in each estimate. Consistent with their performance, children were more confident in their small-scale estimates than their large-scale estimates. Experiments 2 (N = 54) and 3 (N = 85) replicated this finding in new samples of 1st, 2nd, and 4th graders and assessed task- and item-level control. When asked which estimates they wanted the experimenter to evaluate for a reward, children tended to select estimates associated with lower error and higher confidence. Thus, children can accurately monitor their performance during number line estimation and use their monitoring to control their subsequent performance. (PsycINFO Database Record
Nyet, Nein, Non, No to Capital Gain on Depreciable Property

In this article, Johnson argues that Treasury loses on every sale of depreciable property because the present value of the extra depreciation deductions from the basis step-up is greater than the capital gains tax collected on the sale. He proposes that section 1239 be amended to extend ordinary income treatment to sales of depreciable property involving unrelated parties.
The fate of human sperm-derived mtDNA in somatic cells

Inheritance of animal mtDNA is almost exclusively maternal, most likely because sperm-derived mitochondria are actively eliminated from the ovum, either at or soon after fertilization. How such elimination occurs is currently unknown. We asked whether similar behavior could be detected in somatic cells, by following the fate of mitochondria and mtDNAs after entry of human sperm into transformed cells containing mitochondria but lacking endogenous mtDNAs (rho0 cells). We found that a high proportion (10%-20%) of cells contained functioning sperm mitochondria soon after sperm entry. However, under selective conditions permitting only the survival of cells harboring functional mtDNAs, only approximately 1/10(5) cells containing sperm mitochondria survived and proliferated. These data imply that mitochondria in sperm can enter somatic cells relatively easily, but they also suggest that mechanisms exist to eliminate sperm-derived mtDNA from somatic cells, mechanisms perhaps similar to those presumed to operate in the fertilized oocyte.
Two for the skies

Blind Watchers of the Sky: The People and Ideas that Shaped Our View of the Universe. By Rocky Kolb. Addison-Wesley: 1996. Pp. 338. $25. Our Evolving Universe. By Malcolm S. Longair. Cambridge University Press: 1996. Pp. 185. £24.95, $34.95.
Is prescribed lower extremity weight-bearing status after geriatric lower extremity trauma associated with increased mortality?

Abstract Objectives Evaluate whether mortality after discharge is elevated in geriatric fracture patients whose lower extremity weight-bearing is restricted. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting Urban Level 1 trauma center Patients/participants 1746 patients >65 years of age Intervention Post-operative lower extremity weight-bearing status Main outcome measure Mortality, as determined by the Social Security Death Index Results Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients who were weight-bearing as tolerated on bilateral lower extremities (BLE) had significantly higher 5-year mortality compared to patients with restricted weight-bearing on one lower extremity and restricted weight-bearing on BLE (30%, 21% and 22% respectively, p Conclusions In geriatric patients, prescribed weight-bearing status did not have a statistically significant association with mortality after discharge, when controlling for age, sex, body mass index, medical comorbidities, Injury Severity Scale (ISS), mechanism of injury, nonoperative treatment and admission GCS. This remained true in when the analysis was restricted to operative injuries only.