cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MR imaging of diffusion of 3He gas in healthy and diseased lungs

Hyperpolarized (3)He gas MRI was used to form maps of the effective diffusivity of gas in human lungs. Images of diffusion as well as spin density are presented from a study of 11 healthy volunteers and 5 patients with severe emphysema. The effective rate of diffusion, D(e), of the gas is reduced by the alveolar walls; tissue destruction in emphysema is hypothesized to result in larger D(e). Indeed, the mean value of D(e) in the emphysematous lungs is found here to be about 2.5 times that of healthy lungs, although still smaller than the unrestricted diffusivity of (3)He in free air. Histograms of D(e) values across coronal slices are presented. The results are discussed in terms of spatial variations, variations among individuals, healthy and diseased, and variations due to changes in lung volume. Magn Reson Med 44:174-179, 2000.
Classifier fusion using shared sampling distribution for boosting

We present a new framework for classifier fusion that uses a shared sampling distribution for obtaining a weighted classifier ensemble. The weight update process is self regularizing as subsequent classifiers trained on the disjoint views rectify the bias introduced by any classifier in preceding iterations. We provide theoretical guarantees that our approach indeed provides results which are better than the case when boosting is performed separately on different views. The results are shown to outperform other classifier fusion strategies on a well known texture image database.
Molecular Characterization of Multivalent Bioconjugates by Size-Exclusion Chromatography with Multiangle Laser Light Scattering

The degree of substitution and valency of bioconjugate reaction products are often poorly judged or require multiple time- and product-consuming chemical characterization methods. These aspects become critical when analyzing and optimizing the potency of costly polyvalent bioactive conjugates. In this study, size-exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser light scattering was paired with refractive index detection and ultraviolet spectroscopy (SEC-MALS-RI-UV) to characterize the reaction efficiency, degree of substitution, and valency of the products of conjugation of either peptides or proteins to a biopolymer scaffold, i.e., hyaluronic acid (HyA). Molecular characterization was more complete compared to estimates from a protein quantification assay, and exploitation of this method led to more accurate deduction of the molecular structures of polymer bioconjugates. Information obtained using this technique can improve macromolecular engineering design principles and help to better understand multivalent macromolecular interactions in biological systems.
A study of interstitial liquid flow in foam part III. Test of theory

The theory for foam drainage and overflow recently proposed by the authors' group is tested with extensive experimental data gathered from foam fractionation columns and also from stationary foams at steady state. The experimental results support the theory.
College Language and New Objectives

Author's Summary.— How may we meet new cultural and social objectives in college language teaching and still train deeply and intensively—particularly in the small college? This article suggests solutions of the dilemma in a rather practical vein.
Increasing Electrical Damping in Energy-Harnessing Transducers

Wireless microsensors that monitor and detect activity in factories, farms, military camps, vehicles, hospitals, and the human body can save money, energy, and lives. Miniaturized batteries, unfortunately, easily exhaust, which limit deployment to few niche markets. Luckily, harnessing ambient energy offers hope. The challenge is tiny transducers convert only a small fraction of the energy available into the electrical domain, and the microelectronics that transfer and condition power dissipate some of that energy, further reducing the budget on which microsystems rely to operate. Improving transducers and trimming power losses in the system to increase output power is therefore of paramount importance. Increasing the electrical damping force against which transducers work also deserves attention because output power is, fundamentally, the result of damping. This paper explores how investing energy to increase electrical damping can boost output power in electromagnetic, electrostatic, and piezoelectric transducers.
The Meaning and Significance of Self-Management Among Socioeconomically Vulnerable Older Adults

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe and contrast perceptions of self-management among socioeconomically vulnerable and nonvulnerable older adults.
Magnetoreflectivity Study of Excitons in MBE Grown Zn 1−x Fe x Se Crystals

We present a magnetoreflectivity study of the excitons in MBE grown Zn1−xFexSe crystals for x=0.017, 0.027 and 0.043. The excitonic spin-splitting was studied as function of magnetic field in both the Faraday and Voigt geometries. The exchange integrals were determined from the conduction and valence band spin-splittings. The exciton spin-splitting was also studied as function of temperature. This study yielded the value of the energy spacing of the Fe++ states and also verified that Zn1−xFexSe is a Van Vleck paramagnet.
Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma With Divergent Sarcomatoid Growth Patterns: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A 71-year-old woman who presented with left abdominal pain was found to have a noncalcified renal mass with a perisplenic extension on imaging studies. Histologically, the tumor showed predominantly malignant spindle cells with extensive osteoid and chondroid matrix production. Various growth patterns resembling rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and fibrosarcoma were also observed. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining of the neoplastic cells for cytokeratin and focally positive staining for CD10 and CD117 (c-Kit). Electron microscopic examination revealed a poorly differentiated neoplasm with both mesenchymal and epithelial features. The tumor was diagnosed as a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with overgrowth of the sarcomatoid component (World Health Organization: renal cell carcinoma, unclassified). To our knowledge, sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma with such a broad morphologic phenotype in a single case has not been documented. Furthermore, the CD117 expression in a sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma that was observed in this case merits further investigation.
Nonparametric modeling of single neuron

Nonlinear dynamic models were built with Volterra Lagurre kernel method to characterize the input-output properties of single hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Broadband Poisson random impulse trains with a 2 Hz mean frequency, which include the majorities of the spike patterns in behaving rats, were used to stimulate the Schaffer collaterals. Corresponding random-interval post-synaptic potential (PSP) and spike train data were recorded from the cell bodies using whole-cell recording technique and then analyzed with the nonlinear dynamic model. The model consists of two major components, i.e., a feedforward three order Volterra kernel model characterizing the transformation of presynaptic stimulations to pre-threshold PSPs, and a feedback one order Volterra kernel model capturing the spike-triggered after-potential. Results showed that the model could predict 1) the sub-threshold PSPs trace with a normalized mean square error around 10% and 2) the spikes with accuracy higher than 80%.
Methods for the Treatment of Disordered Systems with Possible Applications to Aperiodic Polymers

It is a truism that the real world is never exactly described by the kind of simple and regular models that solid state physicists have capitalized on over the years. Almost all real materials are disordered — even laboratory samples of “perfect” crystals contain impurities, vacancies, etc. The traditional techniques of solid state physics chose to ignore this truism because of the tremendously effective tools translational symmetry provides — the Bloch theorem, a conserved k vector, and the other benefits provided by group theory. These traditional techniques, applied to systems in which imperfection played a minor or nonexistent role in macroscopic behavior, have provided brilliant successes over the years. During the last twenty years, however, there has been an enormous increase in interest in materials whose disordered nature was not only significant to their macroscopic behavior, but often was the principle reason for startingly new and/or useful kinds of behavior. A partial list would include alloys, mixed crystals, liquid crystals, doped semiconductors, and of course amorphous semiconductors. Finally, of course, we must cap this list with the most interesting and startling of all materials, biological matter. This increase in interest has coincided with progress in both theoretical and experimental investigations of disordered systems. On the experimental side the greatest success has been achieved in the areas of amorphous semiconductors and related new sorts of electronic devices, as well as in random alloys. Another area of recent success is that of computer “experiments” on large cluster disordered systems, which with the advent of very large and fast computers, have reached a degree of sophistication which provides information of great value to both experimentalists and theoreticians. At the very least they provide useful touchstones with which theoretical approximations can be compared. Finally the theory of the behavior of elementary excitations in disordered systems has developed increasingly rapidly, starting from various forms of simple effective medium theories developed over twenty-five years ago through the development of the so-called coherent potential approximation by a number of different workers into a highly effective and diverse body of mathematical tools.
Generating Some Empirically Based Indices for International Alliance and Regional Systems Operating in the Early 1960s

The purpose of this study is to develop usable indices for a select group of alliances and regional systems operating in the early 1960s.1 Those following the literature on alliances, regional systems, and the process of integration know that it is a sizable array. Considerable space, in some journals, such as International Organization, is devoted to reporting the most recent structural or functional innovations in various organizations such as OAS. To be aware, then, of all the facts concerning contemporary alliances and regional systems is a challenging enterprise. In addition, several journals, including the one mentioned above, carry basically historical pieces which may develop a variety of
Moving microbiota research toward establishing causal associations that represent viable targets for effective public health interventions

Abstract Purpose There appears to be great promise in developing targeted interventions that exploit the complex interactions between commensal microbiota colonizing various anatomic sites and the health of the human host. Although data about variations in microbiota composition across various population groups are accumulating, there remains a limited understanding of the driving forces behind the observed intraindividual and interindividual differences in microbiota. Methods Using information derived from research on gut microbiota, the anatomic site that harbors the highest numbers of bacteria and associated microbial functions, we emphasize the need for establishing causality of observed correlations. Progress to date in establishing microbiota-based targets for novel prevention and treatment approaches is reviewed, suggesting avenues for future research endeavors. Results The complexities associated with the diverse interactions among environmental exposures, microbiota composition and activities and health of the human host require multidisciplinary study approaches to move knowledge beyond current descriptions of correlations without considerations of temporality and mechanisms. Conclusions Information gleaned from studies of the potential contributions of diet-mediated microbiota effects on colorectal carcinogenesis will be useful in designing future large population-based studies for determining the causal pathways for microbiota contributions to human health and disease.
Time-Resolved Two-Pulse Excitation of Quantum Dots Coupled to a Photonic Crystal Cavity in the Purcell Regime

We investigate the nonlinear emission dynamics of quantum dots coupled to photonic crystal cavities in the Purcell regime using luminescence intensity autocorrelation. Two laser pulses with a controlled time delay sequentially excite the coupled system inducing emission that depends on the delay and laser power. We find distinct contrasts between exciton and biexciton emission as a function of time delay which originate from different nonlinearities. A quantum optical simulation is also performed that accounts for the interaction between the laser pulses, exciton, and cavity mode.
Abstract 1645: Tumor-associated macrophages enhance DNA damage repair and improve survival of murine breast cancers after irradiation

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known to promote physiological processes that drive tumor progression and survival, including angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and invasion. While most studies on TAMs have focused on the molecular mechanisms by which TAMs drive these processes, less focus has been given to direct effects that TAMs may exert on tumor cells. It is known that monocytes are recruited to tumor sites after radiotherapy and support tumor regrowth. In this study we sought to determine if TAMs are able to exert a direct, protective effect on tumor cells against radiotherapy in vitro. We used murine 4T1 cells, a well-characterized animal model for breast cancer, and murine RAW264.7 macrophages to carry out co-culture experiments. Co-culture of 4T1 cells with RAW264.7 macrophages resulted in increased 4T1 cell survival rates post-irradiation compared to 4T1 cells cultured alone. We further determined that this effect is not contact-dependent but mediated through macrophage secreted factors. Next, we tested whether co-culturing RAW264.7 macrophages with 4T1 cells induced macrophage polarization to an M2/TAM phenotype. Using antibodies against M2 markers and FACS, we found that co-culture of RAW macrophages with 4T1 cells polarizes these macrophages toward an M2 phenotype. We hypothesized that the increased 4T1 cell survival rates were mediated by an enhanced DNA damage repair mechanism induced by TAMs. We tested this via a combination of immunofluorescence against phosphorylated histone H2AX and comet assays. We show that co-culture of 4T1 cells with TAMs after irradiation results in lower 4T1 cell levels of DNA damage and a faster decrease in DNA damage over time compared to 4T1 cells alone. Future work will focus on characterizing the molecular mechanism through which TAMs induce this enhanced DNA damage repair response in 4T1 cells after irradiation and we will test whether such response occurs in vivo after radiotherapy. In conclusion, we show that TAMs confer resistance against ionizing radiation to tumor cells in vitro and that this resistance is driven by an enhanced DNA damage repair mechanism in tumor cells induced by TAM secreted factors. Citation Format: Luis A. Soto, Marjan Rafat, Marta Vilalta Colomer, Amato Giaccia, Edward Graves. Tumor-associated macrophages enhance DNA damage repair and improve survival of murine breast cancers after irradiation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1645.
Being and Appearance

Presentation and Representation. The transition from Aquinas, through Scotus, to Ockham, Luther, Nietzsche. An evaluation of Heidegger’s view of the history of philosophy.
"Francisco Maestas et al. v. George H. Shone et al.": Mexican American Resistance to School Segregation in the Hispano Homeland, 1912-1914.

ABSTRACTThe authors in this article argue that the Francisco Maestas et al vs. George H. Shone et al (1914) case is one of the earliest Mexican American challenges to school segregation in the United States. Unidentified for over a century, the lawsuit took place in southern Colorado, a region of the nation where Mexican Americans have deep historical roots. This case was unique because the racial background and linguistic needs of Mexican American children were contested. First, plaintiffs (Mexican Americans) argued their children were racially distinct as Mexicans and used the Colorado Constitution to challenge segregation because the state prohibited public schools from classifying and distinguishing children based on color and race. Defendants (school board members and the superintendent) countered that Mexican American children were Caucasian and claimed they were no different from other White children in the school district. Second, school district officials maintained that non-English speaking Mexi...
Let the earth forever remain! Landscape legacies and the materiality of history in the northern Basin of Mexico

This article examines the landscape as an enduring protagonist in the northern Basin of Mexico over the past 1,000 years in communities north of Mexico City. Viewing materiality as the mutual constitution between social and physical worlds, I discuss the production and inheritance of landscape legacies. The manner in which legacies are inherited is tied to changing political, economic, and social conditions. This project integrates multiple sources of information (archaeological, ethnographic, historical, and ecological) to understand transforming connections between people and the landscape in this region, from the ancient state of Xaltocan to the Aztec and Spanish empires, continuing into the struggle for a modern nation. It reveals relationships that are apparent only via a perspective in dialogue with the landscape's materiality over time. In so doing, this article asserts archaeologists' unique contribution to the study of not only long-term change but also historical processes inherited by and relevant to the contemporary world.
An Economic Analysis of the Liability of Credit Rating Agencies: A Positive Inquiry from a Kaldor-Hicks Efficiency Perspective

The liability of credit rating agencies has been subject to critical debate since the global financial crisis of 2008. It has been well documented, and argued, by various scholars and authors that the rules governing such impositions have been traditionally framed by reactionary, post-crisis driven reforms which do not necessarily reflect, or capture, in economic terms, the consequentialist aspects of whether they are beneficial to the welfare of wider market participants. This paper attempts to highlight, through economic analysis, some of these wider market repercussions, and will aim to do so by providing an analysis of liability rules from a Kaldor-Hicks efficiency perspective, largely from a qualitative viewpoint. It is hoped that this analysis will add further insight with regards to the question of liability and regulation, chiefly in the hopes of aiding our ability in determining whether current regulatory reforms on credit rating agencies, principally within the European Union, are sufficiently robust in addressing the problem of poor regulatory incentives. For full text, please click here
A Complicated Opioid Overdose: A Simulation for Emergency Medicine Residents.

Introduction Opioid abuse is a growing problem in the United States. As a result, emergency medicine physicians often use naloxone to reverse opioid overdoses. While normally a safe drug, one poten...
Can adverse events be extracted from electronic anesthesia records

Using information gathered from an anesthesia information management system (AIMS) quality assurance module, we propose a 4-tiered classification scheme for electronically extracted adverse events (AE). Type I AE can be extracted directly from the AIMS clinical data, Type II and III AE have extractible elements, but need further clarification by chart review, and Type IV AE cannot be detected without voluntary disclosures.
Sex Logics: Biological Essentialism and Gender-Based Asylum Cases:

Female circumcision and domestic violence asylum cases have been treated differently in the asylum system. The main explanation for differential adjudication has rested on racialized and ethnocentr...
Meeting the assembly challenges in new semiconductor packaging trend

Semiconductor packaging is being driven by the market requirement for an increase in operating speed and higher functional density, which requires chip makers to develop more sophisticated packaging to meet this trend. On the other hand, there are demands for the package to be smaller, thinner and less expensive, imposing tremendous challenges on chip manufacturers to meet compelling assembly to meet assembly challenges in this new packaging technology. As technology grows, the demand for new packages with even greater sophistication will drive package innovation. The purpose of this paper is to describe the potential challenges that encounter during assembly process, material selection and characterization in order to manufacture a product that has a low profile, high functionality, and low cost, green and reliable package for molded leadless packages. The challenges will include assembling the molded lead less package with multiple types of epoxy, wires and chip and at the same time shrinking the total package dimensions in order to meet the market requirement. Selection of material both direct and indirect material are also crucial. Any material CTE mismatches makes moisture performance more difficult to achieve.
Reduction of Plutonium(VI) to (V) by Hydroxamate Compounds at Environmentally Relevant pH

Natural organic matter is known to influence the mobility of plutonium (Pu) in the environment via complexation and reduction mechanisms. Hydroxamate siderophores have been specifically implicated due to their strong association with Pu. Hydroxamate siderophores can also break down into di and monohydroxamates and may influence the Pu oxidation state, and thereby its mobility. In this study we explored the reactions of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) with a monohydroxamate compound (acetohydroxamic acid, AHA) and a trihydroxamate siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) at an environmentally relevant pH (5.5–8.2). Pu(VI) was instantaneously reduced to Pu(V) upon reaction with AHA. The presence of hydroxylamine was not observed at these pHs; however, AHA was consumed during the reaction. This suggests that the reduction of Pu(VI) to Pu(V) by AHA is facilitated by a direct one electron transfer. Importantly, further reduction to Pu(IV) or Pu(III) was not observed, even with excess AHA. We believe that further reduction of Pu(...
Effects of written disclosure on psychophysiological stress among parents of children with autism: A randomized controlled pilot study

Abstract Background In comparison to parents of typically functioning children or parents of children with other developmental disabilities (i.e. Down’s syndrome or cerebral palsy), parents or caregivers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sustain a greater incidence of depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. It is imperative to identify effective methods that target improvement to caregiver mental health. Method A randomized controlled pilot study was conducted to investigate the effect of a written disclosure intervention (expressive writing about traumatic events versus neutral events) on the psychophysiological stress of 71 parents (age 23–62) caring for a child with ASD. Self-reported measures of stress (parenting stress, caregiver burden, and global stress) and a stress biomarker (cortisol awakening response) were evaluated at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Adjusting for baseline values, we performed a univariate analysis of covariance to test directional hypotheses that parents in the treatment group would show a reduction in subjective stress and improvement in physiological stress over time. Results As expected, treatment group parents displayed healthier cortisol activity and reported less global stress compared to controls. Whereas within group analyses indicated all parents experienced improvement in parenting stress and caregiver burden over time, there was no significant treatment effect for these caregiving-specific stress measures. Conclusions Within this pilot study, written disclosure appeared beneficial to caregiver psychophysiological stress. However, due to the provision of substantial participant adherence support, we refrain from suggesting feasibility. Nonetheless, improvement of mental health pathology in parents of children with ASD is both significant and timely.
Loss of cell-matrix cohesiveness after phagocytosis by trabecular meshwork cells

Purpose. To investigate the response of trabecular meshwork cells to phagocytic events. Methods. Cultured bovine trabecular meshwork cells were established and exposed to latex microspheres for 40 to 44 hours. After phagocytosis, the cohesiveness of cells to their underlying matrix was measured by the susceptibility to trypsin, as indicated by the time needed to be liberated from culture plates. The amounts of two cell attachment proteins, fibronectin and laminin, in both the phagocytically challenged and the control cultures were measured at various postphagocytosis time points with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The fibronectin and laminin network was visualized with immunostaining. The mRNA levels were analyzed by Northern blot. Zymography using gelatin-containing gels was also performed to examine the gelatinase activities. Results. Compared with controls, cells in phagocytically challenged cultures were more sensitive to trypsin. At the 4- and 8-hour postphagocytosis time points, the trypsinization time needed to suspend cells from tissue culture plates was significantly shorter for phagocytically challenged cells. Also, at these two time points, reduced amounts of fibronectin and laminin, as well as disruption of the fibronectin-laminin network, were observed in the phagocytically challenged trabecular meshwork cultures. The mRNA level for fibronectin was reduced, and a slightly increased gelatinase activity was noted. The fibronectin and laminin levels returned to normal by 24 hours, Conclusions. Results suggest that after phagocytosis, trabecular meshwork cells exhibit a short-term loss in cell-matrix cohesiveness. Such a loss may be related to diminished levels of cell attachment proteins
When Injury is Unavoidable: The Vaccine Act's Limited Preemption of Design Defect Claims

Courts are divided as to whether the National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986 preempts all design defect claims for covered vaccines, or whether it merely requires the alleged injury to have been unavoidable for liability to attach. In the background of the recent decisions on this question is a simmering debate in the U.S. Supreme Court over the proper interpretation of express preemption clauses, and concern over a potential flood of litigation over the alleged link between vaccines and autism. This paper argues that the Act preempts design defect claims only upon a concomitant finding that the injury could not have been avoided, for example, through use of a safer feasible alternate design. It proposes an interpretation of the Supreme Court’s express preemption jurisprudence that focuses on the Court’s application of the plain meaning doctrine and the presumption against preemption. This paper argues that the Court has increasingly applied these doctrines together in implementing a rule-based approach that allows greater ex ante reliance on the meaning that the Court will give to express preemption clauses. Applying these principles to the Vaccine Act, this paper concludes that adoption of this narrower reading is compelled by (a) the plain meaning doctrine, (b) the presumption against preemption, (c) the legislative history of the Vaccine Act, and (d) consideration of the relevant principles of background law incorporated by the Act.
Effect of creatine on performance of militarily relevant tasks and soldier health.

Purpose: Determine the short-term effects of creatine supplementation on performance of military tasks, thermoregulation, and health risks. Methods: Male military personnel were randomly assigned to a creatine (CR; N = 8) or a placebo (CON; N = 8) supplementation group. Testing was conducted at baseline, after a 6-day load phase (20 g/d), and after 4 weeks of taking 6 g/d. Measurements included body composition, liver/ kidney function tests, core body temperatures during a 10-mile march and 5-mile run, and performance on physical tasks. Results: Serum and urine creatine increased significantly in the CR group. Body mass and number of pull-ups performed increased significantly in the CR group but not the CON group by week 4. No significant differences between the CR and CON groups were found for other performance measures, body composition, core body temperature, or other biochemical measures. Conclusion: Creatine supplementation increased body mass and pull-up performance but did not cause acute health problems. Creatine did not increase core temperature compared with placebo under the environmental conditions of the study, and it is unlikely that creatine will enhance the overall readiness or performance of soldiers.
Identification of a Toxoplasma Cyst by Fine-needle Aspiration.

In the course of evaluating the fine-needle aspiration technic a toxoplasma cyst was identified in a lymph node excised from a patient in whom toxoplasmosis subsequently was confirmed serologically. This is the first reported case in which a cyst was identified by this method. The recognition of a cyst and characteristic cytologic features in the aspirate demonstrates the utility of fine-needle cytologic examination in diagnosing toxoplasmic lymphadenitis.
The scanning electron microscopy of compressed spinal units

Histology and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the rhesus monkey spinal unit following controlled compression. Indications of cortical and end plate damage to the compressed vertebral units were present on radiographs following testing, and more extensive damage was observed with microscopy. The cartilaginous end plate was separated from the underlying bone of the vertebral body. The superior body of the spinal unit was more severely damaged than the inferior body, due largely to the direction of compression loading. Even relatively low strain rates (8.89×10−5 m/s) should be considered detrimental to the integrity of the spinal unit based on the observations of this study.
AIS: A Fast, Disk Space Efficient Adaptable Installation System Supporting Multitudes of Diverse Software Configurations

Efficiently installing and configuring large sets of computer systems is an important concern for system and cluster administrators. Current solutions usually follow one of the two approaches: an image- based install or a metadata-based custom install. Both approaches limit the opportunities for optimizing the installation time by coupling the system specification with the installation technique and ignoring the relationships between configurations over time (as they evolve with patches and new packages).The Adaptable Installation System (AIS) is a new model and implementation that attempts to address these shortcomings by taking a hybrid approach to client system installation. As in the metadata- based approach, it uses descriptors to express what the final system should look like in terms of composition and configuration. At the same time, it uses imaging for part of the client re-installation to achieve speed. In this paper we present the design and implementation of AIS along with details on the algorithm that builds images and performance results of running the prototype system on a set of RedHat based machines.
Revascularization of ischemic tissues with SIKVAV and neuropeptide Y (NPY).

Angiogenesis, the process of new vessel growth, is necessary for many normal physiological and pathological processes such as tumor growth, wound healing and ischemia. We have recently examined in vitroand in vivothe ability of two potent angiogenic compounds, SIKVAV (a peptide derived from the alpha chain of laminin-1) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) to revascularize ischemic tissue. These compounds were tested in an ex vivo capillary sprouting angiogenesis assay that uses rat aortic rings. Both NPY and SIKVAV in the presence of VEGF, stimulated the formation of long sprouts at concentrations of 1 ng NPY (0.2 pmole/L) and 100 μg SIKVAV. In comparison very little sprouting occurred in the control rings and 50 ng of VEGF alone was required to induce equivalent number of sprouts as NPY. SIKVAV and NPY were further tested in vivo in a rat hindlimb ischemic model. Both compounds (500 μg SIKVAV and 10 ng of NPY) were embedded in the rat hind limb following unilateral ligation of the femoral artery 1 cm proximal to the adductor hiatus. After two weeks control peptides show little or no revascularization of the hindlimb distal to the ligation; however, both SIKVAV and NPY demonstrated a two-fold increase in new vessels in the region proximal to the ligation. Histological sections of latex perfused hindlimb demonstrated that ligated limbs had very few latex-filled dermal capillaries. Limbs treated with SIKVAV and NPY, however, demonstrated normal distribution in the dermal capillary beds. These data indicate that both SIKVAV and NPY are potent angiogenic factors that show promising potential clinical application to the revascularization of ischemic tissue.
Association of endogenous tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) with clinical characteristics of the insulin resistance syndrome.

Lynn L. Amowitz, JoAnn E. Manson and Paul M. Ridker Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA and The Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Lessons learned from implementing a principled approach to resolution following patient harm

BackgroundCommunication and resolution programs have emerged as central to organizational responses to serious patient harm events, with demonstrated evidence of patient safety and medicolegal outc...
Correlation between Invasive and Noninvasive Blood Pressure Measurements in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns.

OBJECTIVE This work aimed to study the correlation between invasive blood pressure (IBP) and non-IBP (NIBP) in extremely low gestational age newborns (ELGANs) during their first 72 hours of life. STUDY DESIGN In a retrospective cohort study, IBP and simultaneous NIBP measurements during the first 72 hours of life were recorded in ELGANs. Medical records were reviewed for potential risk factors that affect BP. The % difference in mean arterial BP (% Diff-BP) measurements was calculated as (IBP-NIBP)/IBP. Hypotension was defined as mean arterial Bp < gestational age (GA). RESULTS In total, 236 infants and 1,340 paired IBP-NIBP measurements were studied. Infants had a (mean ± standard deviation) GA of 25.4 ± 21.6 weeks and a birth weight of 810 ± 249 g. Overall, there was a significant correlation between IBP and NIBP of 0.887 (Spearman Rho; p < 0.001). However, the agreement between IBP and NIBP was poor, with a mean difference (95% limits of agreement) of 0.20 (-5.48; 5.89). The mean % Diff-BP (±standard deviation) was 0.39 ± 8.25%. In hypotensive infants, NIBP overestimated IBP measurements, with an agreement of -0.67 (-4.17; 2.83). CONCLUSION Mean arterial NIBP correlates with IBP in ELGANs. However, there is a poor agreement between methods. In hypotensive infants, NIBP overestimates IBP measurements.
How attributes and cues made accessible through monitoring affect self-regulated learning in older and younger adults

Abstract Research suggests that cues available at the time of monitoring affect metamemorial control. We investigated how self-regulated learning (i.e., restudy choice) varied as a function of retrieval success and access to target-related partial information in the context of a metamemorial monitoring decision. Young and older adults studied unrelated cue–target pairs and made trial-by-trial monitoring judgments during an initial testing phase. Participants chose a subset of cue–target pairs for restudy either from an array of all cues presented simultaneously (Exp. 1) or on a trial-by-trial basis at the time of test (Exp. 2). Retrieval success prior to restudy was an overwhelming predictor of restudy choice for both young and older adults. Commission errors predicted subsequent restudy only when decisions were made on a trial–by–trial basis. Finally, young and older adults differed in the relationship between successful access to partial information and restudy.
Flap system power drive unit (PDU) architecture optimisation

Conventional flap and slat high-lift surfaces actuation systems in a commercial aircraft consist of actuators mechanically connected via a transmission system across the wingspan, driven from a centralised power drive unit comprising of a hydraulic, electric, or hybrid hydraulic/electric motor arrangement. The permanent coupling to the shafts makes the entire flap system move in unison, as do the slats. This paper will investigate and discuss different potential system architecture, and present the benefits associated with such architecture. It will also present the advantage that can be linked to a full electric flap configuration.
Does Glomerular Filtration Rate at Discharge After Partial Nephrectomy Predict Long-Term Glomerular Filtration Rate Stability?

Abstract Introduction: Being able to predict glomerular filtration rate (GFR) plateau after partial nephrectomy (Pnx) is an important goal in providing patients with a confident projection of maint...
Book Review: With Malice Towards Some: Treason and Loyalty in the Civil War Era

“Popular understanding of treason, not legal definitions in civil courts, guided actions by Union functionaries, both high and low, throughout the Union and Confederacy,” argues William A. Blair. Popular conceptions of treason – widely shared definitions of loyalty and disloyalty – merged with governmental policy and the military to determine the punishment of traitors both during and after the Civil War. Blair adds a flavor of localism to the traditional narrative of treason in the mid-nineteenth century in his newest book With Malice Toward Some, demonstrating that treason did in fact pervade public discourse during the American Civil War.
Investing in Laboratory Courses

In a recent editorial (J. Chem. Educ. 2019, 96 (2), 193–195), the chemistry community was challenged to address the need for evidence supporting the role of the chemistry laboratory in student learning in order to justify the expense and resources required for laboratory courses. We suggest that laboratory coursework offers unique learning opportunities that justify the expense and conceivably warrant greater investment. Rather than viewing the resources dedicated to laboratory coursework as excessive, we consider the affordances of smaller class sizes, higher instructor to student ratios, and the diverse learning possibilities of laboratory classrooms as worthy of increased support. We call on the chemistry community to reflect on whether our actions are consistent with our beliefs about the value of laboratory coursework.
How to Write Socially

Struggling with writing is a common experience for academics in medicine, whereas academics who find writing enjoyable will also find themselves more productive and fulfilled. Conceiving of writing as a social activity—a way to come together with friends and colleagues in a mutually productive way—is one method of making writing more enjoyable. This chapter provides practical ideas and advice to make writing a social activity. Three straightforward ways to make writing a social activity include setting up writing dates, establishing informal writing sessions or meetings, and starting more formal writing groups or seminars. A key aspect of making writing social is to recognize that this can be done without a “teacher.” Whether consisting of faculty or trainees—can become a powerful and meaningful way to connect with one another while simultaneously promoting the productivity of its members.
Systematic Review of Approaches to Improve Peer Assessment at Scale.

Peer Assessment is a task of analysis and commenting on student's writing by peers, is core of all educational components both in campus and in MOOC's. However, with the sheer scale of MOOC's & its inherent personalised open ended learning, automatic grading and tools assisting grading at scale is highly important. Previously we presented survey on tasks of post classification, knowledge tracing and ended with brief review on Peer Assessment (PA), with some initial problems. In this review we shall continue review on PA from perspective of improving the review process itself. As such rest of this review focus on three facets of PA namely Auto grading and Peer Assessment Tools (we shall look only on how peer reviews/auto-grading is carried), strategies to handle Rogue Reviews, Peer Review Improvement using Natural Language Processing. The consolidated set of papers and resources so used are released in this https URL.
Chronicler of Chersonesos: 70 Years Since Vitalii Mykhailovych Zubar Was Born

The paper presents an analysis of research and creative works of Vitalii Mykhailovych Zubar in field of history and archaeology of the Northern Black Sea region. A special attention is paid to his study of spiritual culture of the population of Tauric Chersonesos. V. M. Zubar with his works put the study of religious life of Chersonesos’ habitants at a new level. He studied separate aspects of religion, worked on problems of both certain deities’ cults, and certain traces of religious practice. His active participation in the discussion of the supreme goddess of Chersonesos worth mentioning. This cult was always obtaining the greatest attention of the scholars. The most important was taking these aspects into a single whole which resulted in publication generalizing and later popular scientific works. Vitalii Mykhailovych has put the study of Chersonesian necropolis on a substantially new level. The precise recording of the burial practices, the classifications of burial structures and inventory, etc. can be found in the works of scholars studying the necropolis for more than hundred years. However, the directly related issue of religious beliefs represented in these features was not in fact discussed before V. M. Zubar. In addition, he managed to put closer the studies in early Christianity and the research of Ancient Greek religion, in fact, to develop the common points in Classical and Byzantine studies. In his works on spread of Christianity in Chersonesos and in Taurica in general, he paid an exceptional attention to Ancient heritage in forming of the early Christian tradition in the region. Owing to V. M. Zubar’s works, his numerous papers and books, the Ukrainian Classical school consolidated, especially in its approach to the study of classical monuments without a constant binding to the theory of the Barbarians’ influence on the Greeks in the North Pontic region. This approach allowed him to make significant progressive steps in the study of this region’s monuments. The issues listed, as well as many others discussed by this researcher, form his scientific heritage, the true chronicle which needs to be further studied and comprehended.
Regulation of Bone Resorption by the Actin-Bundling Protein L-Plastin in Osteoclasts

Osteoporosis is related to estrogen deficiency and aging. Bone loss can also occur as a result of inflammation-associated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis, which share several pathologic features with osteoporosis. Estrogen deficiency is associated with increased osteoclast activation, decreased osteoblast function, and increased inflammatory bone-resorbing cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1, -6, and tumor necrosis factor –α). The differentiation of osteoclasts is regulated by the cytokines macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RANK ligand, and osteoprotegerin secreted by osteoblasts. Bone resorption is the unique function of osteoclasts. Podosomes are essential features of osteoclast migration. Podosomes are F-actin rich structures joined radially by actin fibers called F-actin cloud. Upon attachment to the bone surface, osteoclasts reorganize their cytoskeleton to form sealing zones. Sealing zone formation is required for efficient bone resorption to occur by osteoclasts. Integrin αvβ3 and TNF-alpha mediated signaling mechanisms regulate the assembly/disassembly of podosomes during migration and the organization of sealing zones during bone resorption. A brief description is provided on these aspects in this review.
Striving for an Equal Chance of Survival.

* Abbreviation: HBB — : Helping Babies Breathe A global health colleague once explained that Helping Babies Breathe (HBB) was a gift to the newborn health community, a heartfelt comment that gave the room pause as we all processed her graceful words. HBB, an evidence-based simplified newborn resuscitation program, had recently been introduced, and the statement brought to mind the tremendous efforts that had been made to develop a portable educational tool and simplified, pictorial resuscitation algorithm for use in low-resource settings, specifically, as well as low-cost, purpose-designed simulation models and resuscitation equipment to disseminate both training and provision of care. These attributes were well recognized and fueled great enthusiasm for the program. … Address correspondence to Sara K. Berkelhamer, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, 4800 Sandpoint Way, Seattle, WA 98105. E-mail: sara.berkelhamer@seattlechildrens.org
Abstract 213: Disruption of Mitochondrial Cristae Integrity in Lethal Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Association or Cause-and-Effect?

Background: Considerable attention has focused on the concept that disruption of mitochondrial structure/function is a determinant of cell death in cardiomyocytes subjected to ischemia-reperfusion ...
Arthroscopic Bennett Lesion Resection and Posterior Labral Repair Using All-Suture Anchors

The Bennett lesion is an extra-articular ossification at the posteroinferior glenoid rim that is common among overhead-throwing athletes. While the majority of these exostoses are asymptomatic, some may cause posterior shoulder pain during throwing motion and frequently have concomitant posterior labral tears. Multiple approaches to Bennett lesion resection have been described, and there is debate regarding the need for capsulotomy, posterior labral repair, and capsular repair. The purpose of this article is to describe our preferred surgical technique for arthroscopic Bennett lesion resection and posterior labral repair using knotless all-suture anchors.
Management of Gilbert's syndrome with low-dose, diluted hyperbaricity of spinal bupivacaine: A rare-rare combo

Gilbert's syndrome (GS) is an inherited unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia state. Regional anesthesia is recommended over general anesthesia in the management of these patients for surgeries. We describe anesthesia management of a young patient with GS for a below umbilical surgery, with modified spinal anesthesia by diluting the hyperbaricity and reducing the concentration in prone position. Selective sensory blockade with stable hemodynamics, faster recovery, and minimal stress response proved to be beneficial. When feasible, this modified spinal anesthesia can be opted for the management of short duration surgeries in patients with GS.