cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A continuum model for two-dimensional fiber networks

Elastic-plastic deformation of a continuum formed by continuously distributed fibers is described. Applications to the mechanical characterization of nanofibers, and to biological materials such as cellular cytoskeleton and tissue scaffolds are indicated.
The Monica Tapes: Recording a 40-Year Developmental Study

On the October 1994 table of contents, Arnold Werner, M.D., should have been listed as the author of "Audiovisual Overview: The Monica Tapes: Recording a 40-Year Developmental Study," published on pages 973-974 and 977.
Malignant transformation by Rauscher strain murine leukaemia virus.

MORPHOLOGICAL transformation by Moloney virus1 and by Friend virus2 has been reported in mouse cells. The induction of sarcomas in newborn mice by the Moloney strain of murine leukaemia virus3,4 and by Friend virus-transformed mouse embryo cells2 has also been described. Rauscher murine leukaemia virus5 can be propagated in rat kidney cell line called NCI–ER (ref. 6). The present communication describes morphological alterations observed in cell cultures derived from Rauscher leukaemic rats and the neoplastic lesions induced by these altered cells in infant rats.
Estimating oxygen consumption from body length for some chironomid larvae

The relationship between oxygen consumption and body length was determined for eight larval chironomid species in Bear Lake, Utah-Idaho. Respiration was measured by the micro-Winkler method in 1-cc tuberculin syringes filled with lake water and lowered to lake bottom. A total of 144 measurements of O2 consumption was made.
Deviations from Axisymmetry Revealed by Line Polarization in the Normal Type Ia Supernova 2004S

We present a single epoch of high signal-to-noise ratio spectropolarimetry of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2004S taken 9 days after maximum light. The flux spectrum is normal, but with the additional presence of high-velocity (HV) line features in both Ca II and Fe II. The object shows continuum polarization at the 0.4% level in the red, a value which appears to be typical of SNe Ia. The continuum data are consistent with a ~10% global asphericity in an axisymmetric geometry. Unlike previous observations of other SNe Ia with HV features, the HV features in SN 2004S show no strong polarimetric signature, though this may be due to the timing of our observations. Instead, the object shows line-polarization features (P ≤ 0.5%) that are rotated with respect to the axis of symmetry of the continuum. The line features are visible in Si II, Fe II, and Ca II, and appear to be narrowly confined in velocity space just above the photosphere. These polarization features are a result of compositional inhomogeneities in the ejecta. They may represent newly synthesized elements whose clumpy spatial distribution within the ejecta is distinct from that of the globally aspherical ejecta as a whole.
A Method to Study the Effect of Renewable Resource Variability on Power System Dynamics

This paper proposes a set-theoretic method to assess the effect of variability associated with renewable-based electricity generation on power system dynamics, with a focus on time-scales involving electromechanical phenomena. Performance requirements define a set within which the values of certain system variables, e.g., synchronous generator speeds, system frequency, or bus voltages, must remain at all times. To address this problem, reachability analysis techniques are used; for a given time frame, if the reach set, i.e., the set that contains all possible system trajectories, is within the set defined by performance requirements, then it may be concluded that variability arising from in renewable-based electricity generation does not have a significant impact on system dynamics. The proposed method is illustrated through several case studies, including the 39-bus New England system model.
Bioelectrical Impedance and Body Composition: Present Status and Future Directions

Single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers used to assess body composition are being replaced by multiple-frequency analyzers. At low frequencies, the current flows primarily through extracellular fluids; at high frequencies, it completely penetrates all body tissues. Measures of bioelectrical impedance at multiple frequencies can differentiate total and extracellular fluid compartments in the body. This has considerable value for assessing clinical and nutritional status. Impedance measures at a single frequency contain only a small window of the available impedance spectrum information, which may explain the difficulty in discriminating among individuals. The impedance spectrum and its analysis may provide a much clearer picture of individual differences in body water and body composition. With increasing clinical uses of bioelectrical impedance in individuals and sample populations, the use of multiple-frequency impedance may help to elucidate differences that are not discernible with single-frequency impedance.
Electrochemical properties of natural carotenoids

Abstract Carotenoids are widely distributed among plants, certain bacteria and animals, serving for light harvesting and photoprotection in photosynthesis and as antioxidants. Electrochemical data (such as oxidation potentials, reaction rate constants, kinetic equilibrium constants) for 12 naturally occurring carotenoids are summarized in this paper. Electrochemical parameters were estimated by simulating experimental cyclic voltammograms (CVs). Conventional electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and Osteryoung square-wave voltammetry) were used in these studies. CVs of some natural carotenoids are presented and discussed. The dependence of redox potentials and other kinetic parameters on the structures of carotenoids is summarized. The oxidation potential of neutral carotenoid ( E ° 1 ), which corresponds to the formation of cation radicals, varies from 0.50 to 0.72 V versus SCE. The oxidation potential of carotenoid cation radical ( E ° 2 ), which corresponds to the formation of a dication, usually lies in the region of 0.52–0.95 V versus SCE. The electrochemical data presented in this article should be helpful in the study of reaction processes in model systems or actual photosynthesis reaction centers.
The role of episodic memory in controlled evaluative judgments about attitudes: an event-related potential study.

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are unique in their ability to provide information about the timing of activity in the neural networks that perform complex cognitive processes. Given the dearth of extant data from normal controls on the question of whether attitude representations are stored in episodic or semantic memory, the goal here was to study the nature of the memory representations used during conscious attitude evaluations. Thus, we recorded ERPs while participants performed three tasks: attitude evaluations (i.e., agree/disagree), autobiographical cued recall (i.e., You/Not You) and semantic evaluations (i.e., active/inactive). The key finding was that the parietal episodic memory (EM) effect, a well-established correlate of episodic recollection, was elicited by both attitude evaluations and autobiographical retrievals. By contrast, semantic evaluations of the same attitude items elicited less parietal activity, like that elicited by Not You cues, which only access semantic memory. In accord with hemodynamic results, attitude evaluations and autobiographical retrievals also produced overlapping patterns of slow potential (SP) activity from 500 to 900 ms preceding the response over left and right inferior frontal, anterior medial frontal and occipital brain areas. Significantly different patterns of SP activity were elicited in these locations for semantic evaluations and Not You cues. Taken together, the results indicate that attitude representations are stored in episodic memory. Retrieval timing varied as a function of task, with earlier retrievals in both evaluation conditions relative to those in the autobiographical condition. The differential roles and timing of memory retrieval in evaluative judgment and memory retrieval tasks are discussed.
Rapid changes in gene expression dynamics in response to superoxide reveal SoxRS-dependent and independent transcriptional networks.

Background. SoxR and SoxS constitute an intracellular signal response system that rapidly detects changes in superoxide levels and modulates gene expression in E. coli. A time series microarray design was used to identify co-regulated SoxRSdependent and independent genes modulated by superoxide minutes after exposure to stress. Methodology/Principal Findings. soxS mRNA levels surged to near maximal levels within the first few minutes of exposure to paraquat, a superoxideproducing compound, followed by a rise in mRNA levels of known SoxS-regulated genes. Based on a new method for determining the biological significance of clustering results, a total of 138 genic regions, including several transcription factors and putative sRNAs were identified as being regulated through the SoxRS signaling pathway within 10 minutes of paraquat treatment. A statistically significant two-block SoxS motif was identified through analysis of the SoxS-regulated genes. The SoxRS-independent response included members of the OxyR, CysB, IscR, BirA and Fur regulons. Finally, the relative sensitivity to superoxide was measured in 94 strains carrying deletions in individual, superoxide-regulated genes. Conclusions/ Significance. By integrating our microarray time series results with other microarray data, E. coli databases and the primary literature, we propose a model of the primary transcriptional response containing 226 protein-coding and sRNA sequences. From the SoxS dependent network the first statistically significant SoxS-related motif was identified.
Longitudinal guided waves for monitoring corrosion in reinforced mortar

Guided longitudinal modes in both low (<200 kHz) and high (2–8 MHz) frequency ranges were invoked to monitor damage in reinforced mortar specimens undergoing accelerated uniform corrosion. The fundamental longitudinal mode, i.e. L(0, 1), and the L(0, 9) mode were invoked for low- and high-frequency testing, respectively. Because of the significant amount of axial displacement at the steel/mortar interface, the L(0, 1) mode was so appreciably attenuated for the particular specimen size used that it is was not detected until after corrosion had initiated and corrosion product accumulation caused mortar cracking. Once detected, the L(0, 1) mode was sensitive to the combined effects of bond deterioration and mortar stiffness reduction. The L(0, 9) mode has negligible radial and axial displacement at the steel/mortar interface. As a result, the L(0, 9) mode is relatively insensitive to the surrounding interface conditions at high frequencies. This allows for changes in the steel cross-sectional area and bar topography to be isolated and monitored from the onset of corrosion up to severe pitting.
Freud’s social theory Modernist and postmodernist revisions

Acknowledging the power of the id-drives, Freud held on to the authority of reason as the ego’s best tool to control instinctual desire. He thereby placed analytic reason at the foundation of his own ambivalent social theory, which, on the one hand, held utopian promise based upon psychoanalytic insight, and, on the other hand, despaired of reason’s capacity to control the self-destructive elements of the psyche. Moving beyond the recourse of sublimation, post-Freudians attacked reason’s hegemony in quelling disruptive psycho-dynamics and, focusing upon the social domain, they sought strategies to counter the oppressive (repressive) social restrictions and conformist impositions impeding individual freedom that result from thwarted desire. Postmodern celebration of desire at the expense of reason and sublimation leaves the Enlightenment prospects altogether and moves psychoanalysis into a new terrain, where the very notion of rationality and an autonomous ego upon which much of Freudianism rests has been ...
Directional filling-in

The filling-in theory of brightness perception has gained much attention recently owing to the success of vision models. However, the theory and its instantiations have suffered from incorrectly dealing with transitive brightness relations. This paper describes an advance in the filling-in theory that overcomes the problem. The advance is incorporated into the BCS/FCS neural network model, which allows it, for the first time, to account for all of Arend's test stimuli for assessing brightness perception models. The theory also suggests a new teleology for parallel ON-and OFF-channels.
Particle Image Velocimetry Applications Using Fluorescent Dye-Doped Particles

Polystyrene latex sphere particles are widely used to seed flows for velocimetry techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). These particles may be doped with fluorescent dyes such that signals spectrally shifted from the incident laser wavelength may be detected via Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). An attractive application of the LIF signal is achieving velocimetry in the presence of strong interference from laser scatter, opening up new research possibilities very near solid surfaces or at liquid/gas interfaces. Additionally, LIF signals can be used to tag different fluid streams to study mixing. While fluorescence-based PIV has been performed by many researchers for particles dispersed in water flows, the current work is among the first in applying the technique to micron-scale particles dispersed in a gas. A key requirement for such an application is addressing potential health hazards from fluorescent dyes; successful doping of Kiton Red 620 (KR620) has enabled the use of this relatively safe dye for fluorescence PIV for the first time. In this paper, basic applications proving the concept of PIV using the LIF signal from KR620-doped particles are exhibited for a free jet and a twophase flow apparatus. Results indicate that while the fluorescence PIV techniques are roughly 2 orders of magnitude weaker than Mie scattering, they provide a viable method for obtaining data in flow regions previously inaccessible via standard PIV. These techniques have the potential to also complement Mie scattering signals, for example in multi-stream and/or multi-phase experiments.
The Platysma Myocutaneous Flap

Reconstructing defects of the oral mucosa or skin of the lower one-third of the face can be accomplished by a variety of techniques. This article presents two versions of the platysma myocutaneous flap, which is a reliable, axial pattern, pedicled flap capable of providing excellent one-stage reconstruction of such defects. As discussed herein, the superiorly based and posteriorly based versions of the flap have wide application in the oral and facial region. Also provided is a review of other uses of this flap in head and neck surgery.
Circuit modeling of a power conditioning system with an electroexplosive opening switch

Power conditioning systems utilizing inductive energy storage require an opening switch to transfer energy to the system load. Electroexplosive opening switches are often implemented due to their long conduction time of large currents, large and fast change of impedance, and high dielectric strength. Due to the complex relationship between the circuit current and switch impedance, numerical modeling methods are required to understand the dynamic switch and circuit behavior.
An Exploration of Sexual Victimization and Academic Performance Among College Women

The literature has documented the widespread nature of sexual assault victimization among college women. While the aftermath of violence against university women has also received focus, that is, documenting trauma-related sequelae; risk factors; reporting patterns; and legal interventions, the impact on academic performance has not received adequate attention in the literature. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the association of rape and sexual assault with academic performance among college women. Its specific aims included the following: to compare high school and college sexual assault experiences with collegiate grade point averages (GPAs) at key points in time; to examine any differences in GPA by type of sexual assault; to urge researchers studying retention and persistence patterns or sexual assault among college students to ensure that the relationship between the two is included in research designs; and to recommend that academic institutions expand programming on retention to include rape and sexual assault among the risk factors associated with a lack of persistence.
Depletion of Collagen II-Reactive T Cells and Blocking of B Cell Activation Prevents Collagen II-Induced Arthritis in DBA/1j Mice

Collagen II (CII)-induced arthritis in DBA/1j mice is mediated by both CII-reactive T cells and anti-CII Ab-producing B cells. To determine the relative role of these processes in the development of arthritis, we specifically eliminated CII-reactive T cells by treating the mice with CII-pulsed syngeneic macrophages that had been transfected with a binary adenovirus system. These macrophages express murine Fas ligand in a doxycycline-inducible manner with autocrine suicide inhibited by concomitant expression of p35. The mice were treated i.v. with four doses of CII-APC-AdFasLp35Tet or a single dose of AdCMVsTACI (5 × 10 9 PFU), or both simultaneously, beginning 2 wk after priming with CII in CFA. Treatment with CII-APC-AdFasLp35Tet alone or in combination with a single dose of AdCMVsTACI prevented the development of CII-induced arthritis and T cell infiltration in the joint. The elimination of T cells was specific in that a normal T cell response was observed on stimulation with OVA after treatment with CII-APC-AdFasLp35Tet. Treatment with AdCMVsTACI alone prevented production of detectable levels of circulating anti-CII autoantibodies and reduced the severity of arthritis but did not prevent its development. These results indicate that the CII-reactive T cells play a crucial role in the development of CII-induced arthritis and that the anti-CII Abs act to enhance the development of CII-induced arthritis.
The Tree-Shrew, Tupaia: A “Living Model” of the Ancestral Primate?

Although the common tree-shrew, Tupaia, does not qualify as a “living fossil” in the sense that it shows a close identity with a known ancient fossil species (indeed, the tree-shrew fossil record is exceptionally poor), over the past several decades these mammals have regularly been held up as a “living model” of the “ancestral primate.” The tree-shrews have thus been regarded widely as approximating (usually in some unspecified way or ways) the ancestral primate morphotype. Perhaps surprisingly, this viewpoint is not confined to the diminishing number of systematists and others who would admit the tree-shrews to membership in the order Primates. Hence it may be useful to evaluate the claims of the tree-shrews to living fossil status of this kind.
Autocrine Interferon Priming in Macrophages but Not Dendritic Cells Results in Enhanced Cytokine and Chemokine Production after Coronavirus Infection

Coronaviruses efficiently inhibit interferon (IFN) induction in nonhematopoietic cells and conventional dendritic cells (cDC). However, IFN is produced in infected macrophages, microglia, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC). To begin to understand why IFN is produced in infected macrophages, we infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and as a control, bone marrow-derived DC (BMDC) with the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). As expected, BMM but not BMDC expressed type I IFN. IFN production in infected BMM was nearly completely dependent on signaling through the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) receptor (IFNAR). Several IFN-dependent cytokines and chemokines showed the same expression pattern, with enhanced production in BMM compared to BMDC and dependence upon signaling through the IFNAR. Exogenous IFN enhanced IFN-dependent gene expression in BMM at early times after infection and in BMDC at all times after infection but did not stimulate expression of molecules that signal through myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Collectively, our results show that IFN is produced at early times postinfection (p.i.) in MHV-infected BMM, but not in BMDC, and primes expression of IFN and IFN-responsive genes. Further, our results also show that BMM are generally more responsive to MHV infection, since MyD88-dependent pathways are also activated to a greater extent in these cells than in BMDC.
Pentoxifylline treatment attenuates pulmonary vasomotor dysfunction in acute lung injury.

Abstract Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by pulmonary hypertension. Although the pathophysiology of ALI is complex, cytokine production, especially tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is known to mediate histologic lung injury. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to inhibit the expression of many cytokines, including TNF-α. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PTX treatment on endotoxin-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent mechanisms of pulmonary vasorelaxation. Mechanisms of endothelium-dependent relaxation were studied with the muscarinic receptor agonist, acetylcholine (ACh), and the receptor-independent calcium ionophore, A23187. Endothelium-independent pulmonary vasorelaxation was examined by direct stimulation of smooth muscle guanylate cyclase with the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Five rats received PTX (50 mg/kg) and endotoxin (20 mg/kg), endotoxin alone, or saline ip. After 6 hr, dose–response curves to ACh, A23187, and SNP were determined in isolated pulmonary artery rings preconstricted with phenylephrine (PE). PTX attenuated but did not eliminate endotoxin-induced impairment of endothelium-dependent and -independent pulmonary vasorelaxation. These data suggest that PTX may offer a therapeutic modality for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in ALI.
Meta-analysis: A reflection on problems

Since 1977 there has been considerable debate regarding the relative efficacy of meta-analysis as a research methodology. The authors implemented a meta-analysis to examine the question of the nature of the association between self-perception and performance or achievements levels. The study (128 research studies; 1136 correlations) made us aware of the problems associated with designing and implementing a meta-analysis. This paper discussed in some detail the problems encountered, namely topic selection, the literature search, coding procedures, sampling the literature, the use of a common metric, the use of significance tests, costs and time involved, and publication.
Complete recovery of acute kidney injury in native kidney following heart kidney transplantation

Abstract We report the case of a 23-year-old female who developed severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of recent onset congestive heart failure secondary to viral cardiomyopathy, cardiogenic shock unresponsive to placement of a biventricular assist device with continued requirement of multiple intravenous pressors, recurrent ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and rhabdomyolysis secondary to ischemic necrosis of left leg muscles. Daily slow, low-efficiency dialysis was instituted shortly after admission. Given the possibility of irreversible AKI and the inferior outcomes following heart transplantation alone in patients with perioperative renal dysfunction, she was listed for urgent combined heart-kidney transplantation. Dual transplantation was performed after 9 days of AKI and 7 days on dialysis. Both organs functioned well soon after transplantation. One month post-transplant, recovery of native kidney function with nearly equal contribution to renal function by the native kidneys and the allograft was documented by radioisotopic renography. This case report highlights the difficulty in deciding which patients with severe AKI in the setting of acute heart failure may recover renal function with heart transplantation alone and the need for developing guidelines to help in choosing between heart versus heart-kidney transplantation in such patients.
Assessment of Autonomic Function in Children with Autism and Normal Children Using Spectral Analysis and Posture Entrainment: A Pilot Study

Objective: The dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system investigated in Children with Autism compared with healthy one. Cardiovascular autonomic disturbances are possibly associated with the pathogenesis of Autism in children. The purpose of this study is to use the spectral and coherence analysis of heart rate variability signal (HRV), respiration signal and peripheral blood flow signal (PBF) to assess the autonomic activity of normal children and children with Autism for the clinical usefulness of the applied methods of signal processing and timefrequency analysis for screening and treatment of Autism in children. Methods: Twenty four children who had Autism and who were not taking any medications and Twenty three age and sex matched controls (Children) were participated in this study at Department of Neurology at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA and Regional Medical Center, Cookeville, TN, USA. PBF and respiration signals as well as HRV signal derived from Electrocardiogram (ECG) were measured during supine and standing positions. Autopower, cross power and coherence spectra were produced to investigate the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity in both groups. Results: The results clearly indicate that in children with Autism, the coherence values are less than in control group in both low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands at coherence spectra between HRV and PBF as well as HRV and respiration in both supine and standing position. Also, the ratio of amplitude at nearly frequency of 0.1 Hz in auto power spectra and coherence spectra is less in Autism group than in matched control (p<0.001). Conclusion: Autopower and coherence spectra analysis for Children with Autism compared to normal Children seems useful in the assessment of autonomic function for Autism patients. The decreased of autonomic function specially parasympathetic activity in patients with Autism revealed by auto power and coherence spectra analysis is significant and may be related to the effective of treatment of Autism children in this disorder compared to controls. Further studies is needed using other tests and methods of signal analysis to introduce clinical indices for early detection of autonomic function in patients with Autism.
MAP3K1 function is essential for cytoarchitecture of the mouse organ of Corti and survival of auditory hair cells

MAP3K1 is a serine/threonine kinase that is activated by a diverse set of stimuli and exerts its effect through various downstream effecter molecules, including JNK, ERK1/2 and p38. In humans, mutant alleles of MAP3K1 are associated with 46,XY sex reversal. Until recently, the only phenotype observed in Map3k1(tm1Yxia) mutant mice was open eyelids at birth. Here, we report that homozygous Map3k1(tm1Yxia) mice have early-onset profound hearing loss accompanied by the progressive degeneration of cochlear outer hair cells. In the mouse inner ear, MAP3K1 has punctate localization at the apical surface of the supporting cells in close proximity to basal bodies. Although the cytoarchitecture, neuronal wiring and synaptic junctions in the organ of Corti are grossly preserved, Map3k1(tm1Yxia) mutant mice have supernumerary functional outer hair cells (OHCs) and Deiters' cells. Loss of MAP3K1 function resulted in the downregulation of Fgfr3, Fgf8, Fgf10 and Atf3 expression in the inner ear. Fgfr3, Fgf8 and Fgf10 have a role in induction of the otic placode or in otic epithelium development in mice, and their functional deficits cause defects in cochlear morphogenesis and hearing loss. Our studies suggest that MAP3K1 has an essential role in the regulation of these key cochlear morphogenesis genes. Collectively, our data highlight the crucial role of MAP3K1 in the development and function of the mouse inner ear and hearing.
Ecological Nonviolence and the Hindu Tradition

Nonviolence has long been central to the religious traditions of India, especially Jainism, Buddhism, and certain schools of Hinduism. From the early pronoucement that “all things want to live” (Acaranga Sutra, I:I) to Vyasa’s definition of nonviolence as the “absence of oppression toward all living beings in all respects and for all times” (Bhasya on Yoga Sutra, 11:31) to the Dalai Lama’s recent assertion that “all beings primarily seek peace, comfort, and security; life is as dear to a mute creature as it is to a man” (1980, p.78) religion in India has consistently upheld the sanctity of life, whether human, animal, or, in the cases of the Jainas, elemental. The message has provided an unparalleled concern for harmony amongst life forms, leading to a common ethos based on minimal consumption of natural resources, particularly for members of religious orders. In the discussion that follows, we will begin with some anecdotes that show the ongoing concern for not hurting living beings in India. We will then trace the history of nonviolence in India specifically in the Hindu tradition (See Chapple, 1986 for Jainism and Buddhism). The village economy proposed by Gandhi will be discussed briefly as a modern application of nonviolent principles. This all will be juxtaposed with some harsh realities from industrialized, twentieth-century Indian landscape, followed by possible solutions that traditional religious wisdom may hold for the current and growing ecological dilemma both in India and in the world.
Spatial dependence of electron interactions in carbon nanotubes

We report measurements of the spatial dependence of the electron energy distribution in carbon nanotubes, from which electron interactions are determined. Using nonequilibrium tunneling spectroscopy with multiple superconducting probes, we characterize electron transport as ballistic or diffusive, and interactions as elastic or inelastic. We find that transport in nanotubes is generally diffusive, caused by elastic scattering from a few defects. However, local inelastic scattering can be tuned ``on'' or ``off'' with a gate voltage.
Le rôle modérateur de la complexité du traitement des messages sur les effets de la répétition publicitaire

Cette etude suggere que l'effet, sur l'evaluation de la marque, de l'exposition repetee a la publicite est modere par la complexite du traitement de l'information vehiculee par le message publicitaire. Elle montre que l'exposition croissante a la publicite favorise l'efficacite du message quand celui-ci est complexe, augmente puis reduit cette efficacite quand le message est moderement complexe, et reduit puis augmente cette efficacite quand le message est simple. Ces resultats tendent a prouver que l'efficacite des messages publicitaires est affectee par le temps de traitement de l'information et le temps consacre a cette tâche.
Experimental algorithmics

Theoretical questions and motivations, combined with empirical research methods, produce insights into algorithm and program performance.
Chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma

Soft tissue sarcoma is a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of many rare tumors. Since the initial description of activity of doxorubicin, several additional agents have been brought to bear in the treatment of these diseases. Despite 2 recent drug approvals, doxorubicin and ifosfamide remain the most effective chemotherapy drugs available for the treatment of majority of these tumors. Optimal dosing and administration influence outcomes because of the steep dose-response curves associated with these agents. The debate endures regarding whether patients who have advanced disease should routinely receive single agents sequentially or in combination. Adjuvant therapy remains similarly controversial, although meta-analyses do support its use. Contemporary treatment of soft tissue sarcoma routinely incorporates additional lines of treatment that have become available over the last 15 years. Fixed-dose-rate gemcitabine with or without docetaxel is a standard second-line treatment. In keeping with the paradigm shift favoring subset-specific therapy, several recent approvals are linked with specific sarcoma subtypes. Eribulin has recently been approved on the basis of improved overall survival for patients with adipocytic sarcomas, and trabectedin is now approved in the United States for patients with leiomyosarcoma and liposarcoma. Within the spectrum of targeted therapies, pazopanib is approved for all nonadipocytic sarcomas, and imatinib is approved for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Each of these drugs represents incremental rather than radical progress, although they constitute important and much needed treatment options for patients with these diseases. Cancer 2016;122:2952-2960. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Context may be King, but generalizability is the Emperor!

The relative importance of context and generalizability (or particularism and universalism) has long been debated in scientific research. Recently, Davison and Martinsons raised valid concerns about the possibility of false universalism in IS research, discussed its negative consequences, and made a call for explicitly including particularism in research design and reporting. In this commentary, we generally agree with the notion that context should matter more in IS research; yet, the importance of generalizability in research should not be downplayed. Specifically, we posit that generalizability should be given higher position in the scientific process and be the ultimate goal for researchers. Still, researchers need to fully understand the research context, which, in combination and replication, can help to cautiously make generalizable knowledge claims. Therefore, we characterize the relationship between context and generalizability as that of a “King” (as an analogy of the local role of context) versus the “Emperor” (as an analogy of the global role of generalizability).
Open Payments Database: Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agent Payments to Ophthalmologists

Purpose To analyze anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent–associated industry payments to ophthalmologists using the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Open Payments and Provider Utilization and Payment data. Design Retrospective database review using 2 national databases. Methods Payments from 2013 to 2014 were analyzed by anti-VEGF agent, payment category, and dollar amount. Ranibizumab and aflibercept usage was correlated by performing log-ratio analysis. Results A total of 3207 ophthalmologists received 13 449 payments totaling $4 454 325 associated with ranibizumab and aflibercept. As 7% of ophthalmologists received 90% of payments, the Gini index was 0.92, demonstrating unequal distribution of payments. Consulting fees and speaker fees were associated with highest payment amounts to fewest providers. For 2383 providers (74%), greater than 90% of the anti-VEGF payments were associated exclusively with either ranibizumab or aflibercept. A total of 1382 ophthalmologists were matched in both databases. Providers receiving >90% of payments from ranibizumab were more likely to use ranibizumab, and those receiving >90% of payments from aflibercept were more likely to use aflibercept over bevacizumab as compared to those who received no payments. Conclusions The distribution of all anti-VEGF payments is unequal. Ophthalmologists who received aflibercept or ranibizumab payments were more likely to receive the majority of payments from one source or the other, but not both. Those who received anti-VEGF payments were more likely to use ranibizumab or aflibercept, as compared to off-label bevacizumab, than those who did not receive any payment.
A 10-b 750µW 200MS/s fully dynamic single-channel SAR ADC in 40nm CMOS

This paper presents a 10-bit high-speed two-stage SAR ADC. Each bit uses a dedicated comparator to store its output and generate an asynchronous clock for the next comparison. By doing this, the SAR logic delay and power are significantly reduced. A modified bidirectional single-side switching technique is used to optimize the comparator speed and offset by controlling the input common mode voltage V cm . To suppress the comparator offset mismatch induced nonlinearity, redundancy and a shared pre-amplifier are employed in the second fine stage. The pre-amplifier is implemented using a dynamic latch to avoid static power consumption. The prototype ADC in 40-nm CMOS achieves 55dB peak SNDR at 200MS/s sampling rate without any calibration. It consumes 750µW from 1.1V power supply, leading to a Walden FOM of 8.6fJ/conversion-step.
Using wavelength-normalized optical spectroscopy to improve the accuracy of bacteria growth rate quantification

One of the fundamental analytical measurements performed in microbiology is monitoring and characterizing cell concentration in culture media. Measurement error will give rise to reproducibility problems in a wide range of applications, from biomanufacturing to basic research. Therefore, it is critical that the generated results are consistent. Single wavelength optical density (OD) measurements have become the preferred approach. Here, we compare the conventional OD600 technique with a multi-wavelength normalized scattering optical spectroscopy method to measure the growth rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, two of the leading nosocomial pathogens with proven abilities to develop resistance. The multi-wavelength normalization process minimizes the impact of bacteria byproducts and environmental noise on the signal, thereby accurately quantifying growth rates with high fidelity at low concentrations. In contrast, due to poor absorbance and scattering at 600 nm, the classic OD600 measurement method is able to detect bacteria but cannot quantify the growth rate reliably. Our wavelength-normalization protocol to detect bacteria growth rates can be readily and easily adopted by research labs, given that it only requires the use of a standard spectrophotometer and implementation of straightforward data analysis. Measuring and monitoring bacteria growth rates play a critical role in a wide range of settings, spanning from therapeutic design and development to diagnostics and disease prevention. Having a full understanding of the growth cycles of bacteria known to cause severe infections and diseases will lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of these illnesses, leading to better treatment and, ultimately, the development of a cure.
Sequential and Tank-Mixed Dimension (Dithiopyr) and MSMA Treatments for Large Crabgrass Control in Bermudagrass Turf

Abstract A field experiment was conducted during 1995 and 1996 in Georgia to determine the influence of Dimension (dithiopyr) and MSMA applied as sequential and tank-mixed treatments on large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] control in common bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Large crabgrass control by late August was equal to or higher when Dimension and MSMA were applied in a single tank-mixed application after weeds emerged in early May than when Dimension was applied as preemergence late February followed by MSMA as postemergence early June. Full season control ranged from ≥73% for tank-mixes of Dimension plus MSMA at 0.14 + 1.1 kg/ha (0.12 + 1.0 lb/A) to ≥93% when applied at 0.28 + 2.2 kg/ha (0.25 + 2.0 lb/A). The injury to common bermudagrass was due to MSMA and not related to Dimension. MSMA applied in May caused only slight discoloration but injury in June ranged from from ≤42% in 1995 and ≤25% in 1996. The higher injury in 1995 was related to higher air temperature following...
A Contextual Behavior Science Framework for Understanding How Behavioral Flexibility Relates to Anxiety

There is a growing literature focusing on the emerging idea that behavioral flexibility, rather than particular emotion regulation strategies per se, provides greater promise in predicting and influencing anxiety-related psychopathology. Yet this line of research and theoretical analysis appear to be plagued by its own challenges. For example, middle-level constructs, such as behavioral flexibility, are difficult to define, difficult to measure, and difficult to interpret in relation to clinical interventions. A key point that some researchers have made is that previous studies examining flexible use of emotion regulation strategies (or, more broadly, coping) have failed due to a lack of focus on context. That is, examining strategies in isolation of the context in which they are used provides limited information on the suitability, rigid adherence, or effectiveness of a given strategy in that situation. Several of these researchers have proposed the development of new models to define and measure various types of behavioral flexibility. We would like to suggest that an explanation of the phenomenon already exists and that we can go back to our behavioral roots to understand this phenomenon rather than focusing on defining and capturing a new process. Indeed, thorough contextual behavioral analyses already yield a useful account of what has been observed. We will articulate a model explaining behavioral flexibility using a functional, contextual framework, with anxiety-related disorders as an example.
Hospital-Onset Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia Is A Better Measure Than MRSA Bacteremia for Assessing Infection Prevention: Evaluation of 50 US Hospitals.

Of 500 hospital-onset Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia events (58% methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA]; 42% methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]), we found no significant differences in S. aureus bacteremia rates between medium-sized and large hospitals. However, the proportion of S. aureus bacteremia caused by MSSA was greater in medium-sized hospitals and did not correlate with MRSA bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:476–478
Island wind shadows observed by satellite and radar

It is proposed that a major mechanism in the maintenance of an island wind shadow is the stable thermal stratification induced when the air first passes over the heated island and then over the sea.
Personal Area Networks: Bluetooth or IEEE 802.11?

Interconnecting all our electronic devices we carry around, such as cellular phones, PDAs, and laptops, with wireless links requires a cheap, low-power radio technology that still delivers good performance. In this context, the Bluetooth wireless technology was developed to meet the requirements introduced by these personal area networks (PANs). However, today we see a widespread deployment of wireless local area network (WLAN) radios (primarily IEEE 802.11b) also in small devices, such as PDAs. This paper will compare the PAN capabilities of a Bluetooth-based system with an IEEE 802.11b-based system. In order to focus the comparison on link and networking functionality, the IEEE 802.11b radio is assumed to be operating at the same power level as the Bluetooth radio (i.e., assuming a 0 dBm radio). Results are obtained by means of simulations in which throughput and delay are measured for multihop and overlaid PANs. Estimations on power usage are also given in the simulations. The results indicate that as the number of PANs increases, the Bluetooth-based PANs basically maintain the same bandwidth per PAN, while the corresponding IEEE 802.11-based PANs suffer significantly from the increased co-channel interference. However, for cases with a few co-channel-interfering PANs (2-3 PANs hosting about 10-15 nodes), the IEEE 802.11b-based PANs offer a higher bandwidth per user than the corresponding Bluetooth PANs, which corresponds to the difference in link bandwidth between the two systems. At high interference levels, the Bluetooth PAN offers a higher capacity than the IEEE 802.11 PAN. The latter also shows unfairness among TCP connections in the PAN at high loads. The energy efficiency, defined as successfully transmitted bits per energy unit, decreases sharply for IEEE 802.11 with increased number of PANs, while Bluetooth maintains a constant level. Packet delays are also shown to be more stable for the Bluetooth PAN than for the IEEE 802.11 PAN as the number of PANs increases.
Stringham, Edward P. (ed): Anarchy, state, and public choice . New Thinking in Political Economy

This is an excellent book. Edward Stringham has collected a set of very helpful essays exploring the economics of bottom-up social organization—of anarchy. He includes a set of contributions originally made to two symposia in the early 1970s, generally critical of anarchy as a social ideal, linking most with contemporary rejoinders. “Public choice” figures in the title for at least two reasons. The founders of public choice economics, James Buchanan and Gordon Tullock, were among the contributors to the original symposia, both expressing doubts about the viability of anarchy. And, ironically, a number of the authors of the newer essays in the volume, frequently students of Buchanan and Tullock, are doubtful that their mentors have taken with sufficient seriousness the implications of public choice theory for the merits of top-down social organization (though their arguments for anarchy do not depend narrowly on public choice foundations). For Winston Bush, anarchy would be characterized by predation. Jason Osborne’s response emphasizes that evolutionary game theory and experimental economics both point in a different direction. “Contingent cooperation” can reasonably be expected in anarchy (and, we might suppose, though this isn’t Osborne’s point, could be expected to lay the groundwork for more robust varieties of cooperative engagement). Government doesn’t emerge, in any case, as an obviously superior solution to nongovernmental order-maintenance mechanisms available in anarchy. Chris Coyne responds on several fronts to Gordon Tullock’s modified Hobbesian account of anarchy. Law, he emphasizes, can emerge without legislation—it can be customary or agreement-based. Social order can be provided on the market (reputational effects and the discipline of continuous dealing matter significantly here), and the state can’t, in turn, effectively remedy the very problems related to social order that Tullock believes require state-provided solutions: the state is not a cure for predation, but simply a particularly virulent instance of predation. Rev Austrian Econ (2015) 28:361–363 DOI 10.1007/s11138-014-0282-8
Footprinting DNA–Protein and RNA–Ligand Interactions by Chemical Nucleolytic Activity of 1,10-Phenanthroline-Copper

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the footprinting DNA-protein and RNA-ligand interactions by chemical nucleolytic activity of 1,10 phenanthroline-copper. The nucleolytic activity of OP-Cu on both RNA and DNA has been demonstrated to be a viable means of footprinting the interactions of DNA-binding proteins and ligands with their recognition sequences. Application of OP-Cu in this context will be invaluable toward defining structural perturbations in RNA on protein binding and mapping the binding domains of various proteins. In addition to gaining insight into this complex interaction, structural data regarding the single-stranded bulge and loop regions and double-stranded stem region of TAR RNA may be revealed. Derivatives of 1,10-phenanthroline could have profound impacts on binding of the coordination complex to nucleic acids containing various structural anomalies. In addition, various electron-donating groups could alter the efficiency of scission dramatically by affecting the ease with which the cuprous complex with the 1,10-phenanthroline derivative undergoes the one-electron oxidation generating hydrogen peroxide.