cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Periosteal Stimulation Therapy for the Treatment of Osteoarthritis-Associated Chronic Knee Pain: An Initial Controlled Clinical Trial

OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of periosteal stimulation therapy (PST, osteopuncture) for the treatment of chronic pain associated with advanced knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient pain clinic. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty-eight community-dwelling older adults with moderate knee pain or greater for 3 months or longer and Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 2 through 4 radiographic severity (80% had K-L 4). INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized to receive PST or control PST once a week for 6 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: Pain severity and self-reported function (Western Ontario and McMasters University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)) and physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB)) were assessed at baseline, after the last PSTsession (post), and 3 months later (follow-up). Pain severity was also assessed monthly using the multidimensional pain inventory short form. RESULTS: Pain was reduced significantly more in the PST group than in the control PST group at post (P 5.003; mean WOMAC pain subscale baseline 9.4 vs 6.4) and 1 month later (Po.001), but by 2 months, pain levels had regressed to pre-intervention levels. The group-by-time interaction for the WOMAC function scale was significant at post (P 5.04) but not at follow-up (P 5.63). No significant group differences were found for the SPPB. Neither analgesic use nor global improvement differed between groups. There were four treatment dropouts. CONCLUSION: PST affords short-term modest pain reduction for older adults with advanced knee OA. Future research should test the effectiveness of booster treatments in sustaining analgesic benefits and of combining PST with therapeutic exercise in ameliorating disability risk. JA m Geriatr Soc 55:1541‐1547, 2007.
A spectrum-shaping perspective on cognitive radio: Uncoded primary transmission case

A new perspective on cognitive radio is presented for the case where the primary transmission is in uncoded analog form. The basic idea is to exploit signal-to-noise ratio margins in primary receivers, and to optimize cognitive signals by appropriately shaping their spectrum. It is shown that coexistence of primary and cognitive users is possible even without message-sharing, and furthermore, the cognitive user is no longer interference-limited, but can always transmit at its full available power thus achieving logarithmic growth of its information rate as its average power constraint grows large.
Resolved frequency modes of a 1 GHz Ti:Sapphire laser for low repetition rate line-by-line pulse shaping

We resolve the individual frequency modes of a 1 GHz titanium sapphire laser using a virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) and a grating.
Parallel algorithms for finding a near-maximum independent set of a circle graph

A parallel algorithm for finding a near-maximum independent set in a circle graph is presented. An independent set in a graph is a set of vertices, no two of which are adjacent. A maximum independent set is an independent set whose cardinality is the largest among all independent sets of a graph. The algorithm is modified for predicting the secondary structure in ribonucleic acids (RNA). The proposed system, composed of an n neural network array (where n is the number of edges in the circle graph of the number of possible base pairs), not only generates a near-maximum independent set but also predicts the secondary structure of ribonucleic acids within several hundred iteration steps. The simulator discovered several solutions which are more stable structures, in a sequence of 359 bases from the potato spindle tuber viroid, than previously proposed structures. >
The Welfare State and the Market Economy: The American and German Experiences of Social Policy

This paper reviews the recent development of the welfare state and social policy in the United States and Germany. The empirical study is primarily based on the comparative study of the trends of t...
Impact of urinary incontinence on female sexual health in women during midlife

Sexual health is important to the self worth, emotional well being, and overall quality of life of women in midlife. However, urinary incontinence, which is prevalent in this population, has a negative impact on sexual function. The purpose of this article is to review the impact of urinary incontinence on female sexual dysfunction and discuss the impact of urinary incontinence treatment on sexual function. We carried out a literature review on the effect of stress urinary incontinence and urgency urinary incontinence on sexual health and physiological response, including coital incontinence, satisfaction, desire, orgasm, frequency, and partner relationships. We examined the literature regarding changes in sexual function related to non-surgical and surgical interventions for incontinence. Overall, though studies are lacking and of poor quality, treatment of incontinence has been shown to improve sexual function. Both pelvic muscle training and midurethral slings have been shown to improve sexual function in those with stress urinary incontinence. In urgency urinary incontinence, evidence indicates improvement in sexual function after treatment with anti-muscarinic medications. Coital incontinence commonly improves with treatment of the underlying incontinence subtype. Although problems related to sexual health are complex and involve both psychological and physical factors, it is important to consider treatment of urinary incontinence as part of management of sexual dysfunction.
Nonlinear Analysis of Space Trusses

A mixed method and a computational procedure are presented for the analysis of pin-jointed trusses in the presence of both geometric and material nonlinearities. The problem is formulated in terms of both internal forces and joint displacements and the governing equations consist of the two sets of joint equilibrium equations and member force-displacement (constitutive) relations. Analysis is focused on the advantages of the mixed method over the traditional force and displacement methods, as well as on means of further improving the computational efficiency of the mixed method. The paper concludes with numerical examples showing application of the mixed method to nonlinear problems of plane as well as space trusses subjected to proportional loading. The constitutive relations in these examples are assumed, for convenience, to be represented by the Ramberg-Osgood polynomials.
Nitrous Oxide Fluxes Measurement

Accurate field measurements of the fluxes of N2O are important for reliable up-scaling and model prediction of regional and global N2O emissions. Gaseous flux chambers are the most common field measurement technique used and represent the smallest scale, sampling an area ≥1 m2. Their operating principle is simple, they can be highly sensitive, the cost can be low and field requirements small. Chamber techniques can be applied to field trials with multiple small plots. Chamber measurements are usually made weekly and rarely more frequently than once daily. Other techniques include mass balance, and micrometeorological methods. Mass balance technique is suitable for small, defined source areas, while micrometeorological methods are suitable for measuring gas emissions on large landscape scales. Eddy covariance is the preferred technique for this scale. Relaxed eddy accumulation retains the attraction of eddy covariance by providing a direct point measurement but removes the need for a fast response gas sensor by substituting it with a fast solenoid valve sampling system. Assumptions of these methods and precautions in their application are discussed in this chapter. For N2O flux, spatially extensive and continuous measurements from agroecosystems are required, but number and frequency of measurements needed makes this difficult to achieve. Use of robust simulation models that incorporate all major regulatory processes to estimate the emissions can be the alternative of field measurements.
Identification of differentially expressed three novel transcript variants of mouse ARNT gene

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT/HIF1-β) is an obligatory transcriptional partner of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). It has a basic helix-loop-helix domain that belongs to period-ARNT-single-minded (PAS) protein family. PAS proteins act as heterodimeric transcription factors with ARNT being master dimerization partner. The ARNT-HIF-1α complex is an important transcriptional regulator of the hypoxic response of the tumor cells. Previous studies have reported two transcript variants of the gene produced by alternative splicing in mouse. One transcript variant contains all 22 exons while the other variant lacks exon-E5. In our study, using combinatorial approach comprising bioinformatics tools and molecular biology techniques involving RT-PCR, semi-nested PCR, sequencing and qPCR, we have identified three novel transcript variants of Arnt gene in mouse. All three new transcripts arise as a result of alternative splicing of newly identified exons with exon-E2, replacing reported exon-E1. These transcripts encode for three protein isofoms having different N-termini. The expression of these transcripts was found to be different in different tissues of adult mice. In silico analysis of the upstream region of the new exons revealed three distinct promoter regions designated as PA, PB and PC present upstream of newly identified exons. These promoters possess potential signature sequences for common as well as different transcription factors suggesting complex regulation of Arnt gene. In silico post translational studies of the conceptually translated amino acid sequences of these transcripts show similarity in some of the properties while differ in others. The diversity at N-termini of protein isoforms suggests the possibility of forming different complexes in different tissues and may also be important for unique interactions with partner molecules.
Stackelberg Games for Robust Vaccine Design

Drug and vaccination therapies are important tools in the battle against infectious diseases such as HIV and influenza. However, many viruses, including HIV, can rapidly escape the therapeutic effect through a sequence of mutations. We propose to design vaccines, or, equivalently, antibody sequences that make such evasion difficult. We frame this as a bilevel combinatorial optimization problem of maximizing the escape cost, defined as the minimum number of virus mutations to evade binding an antibody. Binding strength can be evaluated by a protein modeling software, Rosetta, that serves as an oracle and computes a binding score for an input virus-antibody pair. However, score calculation for each possible such pair is intractable. We propose a three-pronged approach to address this: first, application of local search, using a native antibody sequence as leverage, second, machine learning to predict binding for antibody-virus pairs, and third, a poisson regression to predict escape costs as a function of antibody sequence assignment. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, and exhibit an antibody with a far higher escape cost (7) than the native (1).
FROM BHAGAT SINGH, ATHEIST, TO AGNOSTIC KHUSHWANT

Using Bhagat Singh (an atheist) and Khushwant Singh (an agnostic) as primary examples, this paper explores the particular nature of Sikh irreligiosity or rejection of religion. I argue that terms such as ‘atheist' and ‘agnostic’, even when adopted by authors such as Bhagat Singh and Khushwant Singh themselves, cannot fully capture the views they expressed regarding the rejection of key components of Sikhism. The paper further considers the nature of the alternative worldviews advocated by Bhagat Singh and Khushwant Singh, noting those aspects of Sikh tradition they found most troubling, and those that they wished to preserve.
C. S. Peirce's Philosophy of Infinite Sets

I fear I might seem to talk gibberish to you, so different is your state of mental training and mine ([31], p. 109). Charles Sanders Peirce American mathematics, like American science generally in the nineteenth century, remained underdeveloped, depended heavily upon European models, and made few independent and recognized contributions of its own. Though presidents like Jefferson might take a pedagogical interest in mathematics and its teaching, and while Garfield, in fact, discovered an interesting variation on the many proofs of the Pythagorean theorem, American mathematics generally remained without support, either institutional or financial, until late in the century (see [28] and [37]). Despite the lack of incentives to pursue a mathematical career in America, there were nevertheless some who made important contributions to mathematics in the United States. One of the most interesting of these, Charles Sanders Peirce, made fundamental discoveries, largely independent of his European counterparts, in set theory and mathematical logic. This paper explores the nature and significance of Peirce's contributions. Though his study of continuity led him to produce results paralleling in some ways the contributions of Georg Cantor and Richard Dedekind in Germany, Peirce's work was dramatically different in its origins, inspiration, and ultimate mathematical character. In order to understand the fate of Peirce and his mathematical studies of continuity and infinity, it is necessary first to say something about the status of American science in general, and of American mathematics in particular, in the nineteenth century.
Acute MI with subsequent heart murmur.

A 67-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department for severe substernal chest pain that had begun suddenly 12 hours earlier. The ECG showed slight ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads and ST-segment depression in the anteroseptal leads. There was no relief from nitroglycerin given sublingually and only partial relief from nitroglycerine administered intravenously. The patient declined both thrombolytic therapy and immediate cardiac catheterization.During observation over the next 12 hours, she had continuing chest discomfort and required a total of 25 mg of morphine sulfate. The creatine kinase level rose to a peak of 2,275 U/L. Examination the next morning showed an elderly woman in moderate respiratory distress. Blood pressure was 110/70 mm Hg; pulse, 110 beats per minute and regular; respirations, 26 per minute; temperature, 37.9°C; and arterial oxygen saturation, 93% on nasal oxygen at 2 L/min. With the patient seated, jugular venous pressure was elevated to the angle of the jaw There wer...
The Art of Displaying Science: Museum Exhibitions

Science museums have recently become important instruments of science education. Unlike schools and universities, which continue to be the chief centers of formal education and training for professional research, museums are resources for spontaneous discovery in an informal setting. Addressed to both the general public and to scholars, museums collectively have a mission that is complex and diverse. They are required to combine elementary education and exposure to basic concepts of science with collection and preservation of rare and sophisticated research materials. They must combine serious pedagogy with artful entertainment and offer something of interest to both the expert and the novice.
Women, Property, and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan China (960–1368): Women and Property in the Sung: Legal Innovation in Changing Times

The Sung can be seen as a high point for women's property rights in China. Whereas Sung women's relation to property was broadly consistent with earlier tradition, in rapidly changing times and unstable economic conditions, women's property took on new importance and received new protections. Detailed laws dictated the devolution of property to daughters under various conditions and protected a wife's property within marriage and after widowhood. A plethora of legislation allowed considerable wealth to pass to families of different surnames through daughters or be taken into second and third marriages by widows. Most significantly, legal language originally intended to protect the agnatic line was reinterpreted to justify the transfer of property to daughters. These developments represented the culmination of a trend, already underway before the Sung, away from patrilineal principles and toward protection of women's property rights. Social and economic changes during the Sung that affected the dynamic between state and society also affected the evolution of property rights and our knowledge of these. The spread of literacy and printing of law books gave more people the ability to go to court. The scope of litigation expanded as men and women in large numbers disputed property in court or appealed to the state for protection of property rights. Additionally, a wealth of records produced by the new Sung printing industry make it possible to fill in details of legal developments left unknown for earlier periods.
Introduction: Why Politeness Matters

Humans, unlike animals, use language to communicate with each other. Through language, humans make their demands known to others, express their feelings, articulate their opinions on various issues, and negotiate with opponents to avoid confrontation in case of conflict. The process of communication is a crucially important part of human life because human society requires personal interactions. In the communication process, both speaking and understanding play a significant role in avoiding miscommunication. Thus, for smooth communication, speakers need to have both a good grasp of the grammatical rules of the language they are using and an understanding of the culture that language grows out of — on the grounds that cultural norms influence language conventions.1 Language acquisition requires the learner to have both organizational and contextual knowledge of the language being studied to become a good speaker of that language.
Sensitivity Study of High-Fidelity Hover Predictions on the Sikorsky S-76 Rotor

Hover performance calculations are performed for a 9.34 ft, four-blade, Mach-scaled, S-76 rotor with an anhedral tip using different computational-fluid-dynamics approaches to assess the variabilit...
A new modeling approach for short-term prediction of occupancy in residential buildings

Abstract Occupancy models are necessary towards design and operation of smart buildings. Developing an appropriate algorithm to predict occupancy presence will allow a better control and optimization of the whole building energy consumption. However, most previous studies of development of such model only focus on commercial buildings. The occupancy model of residential houses are usually based on Time User Survey data. This study focuses on providing a unique data set of four residential houses collected from occupancy sensors. A new inhomogeneous Markov model for occupancy presence prediction is proposed and compared to commonly used models such as Probability Sampling, Artificial Neural Network, and Support Vector Regression. Training periods for the presence prediction are optimized based on change-point analysis of historical data. The study further explores and evaluates the predictive capability of the models by various temporal scenarios, including 15-min ahead, 30-min ahead, 1-hour ahead, and 24-hour ahead forecasts. The spatial-level comparison is additionally conducted by evaluating the prediction accuracy at both room-level and house-level. The final results show that the proposed Markov model outperforms the other methods in terms of an average 5% correctness with 11% maximum difference in 15-min ahead forecast of the occupancy presence. However, there is not much differences observed for 24-hour ahead forecasts.
Archaeology and Human–Animal Relations: Thinking Through Anthropocentrism*

Archaeology is a field of research that relies largely on the remains of past humans and nonhuman animals and the traces of their interactions within a range of material conditions. In archaeology, as in sociocultural anthropology, the dominant analytical perspective on human–animal relations is ontologically anthropocentric: the study of the human use of nonhuman animals for the benefit of human beings, and scholarly inquiry that is largely for the sake of elucidating what nonhuman animals can tell us about the human condition. This review outlines the historical trajectory of Anglo-American archaeology's encounters with animal remains, and human–animal interactions, within this framework and considers recent attempts to move beyond anthropocentrism.
Cosmology of Brane-Induced Gravity Models

We review various aspects of the cosmology of brane-induced gravity models. After recalling some properties of these models, we give the equations governing the cosmological dynamics in a Z2 symmetric case. We then discuss properties of two particular solutions of interest, a self-accelerating solution that has been proposed to provide an alternative explanation to the observed late time acceleration of the universe, and a self-flattening solution. The latter is also discussed in relation with the van Dam–Veltman–Zakharov discontinuity.
Abstract 2520: Differential metabolite requirements in breast cancer cells correlate with ER/PR status and doubling time

Metabolism in cancer cells is significantly altered as compared to their normal counterparts. Metabolic rewiring can assist cancer cells to meet their requirements for uncontrolled proliferation and survival. In addition to their role in protein synthesis and energy generation, metabolites also act as signaling molecules, antioxidants and perform osmoregulatory functions. Differences in genetic makeup and phenotype of cells can lead to differences in these metabolic needs. A detailed analysis of metabolic signatures of different cancer cells can therefore prove useful in understanding metabolic interactions with the phenotype in cancer cells. This study aims at identifying these metabolic differences among distinct breast cancer cell lines and gaining mechanistic insights into possible reasons for differential abundance of metabolites. We used nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to quantify intracellular metabolites in five breast cancer cell lines having distinct genetic and phenotypic composition. We show that the intracellular abundance of essential amino acids depends on cell type and medium composition. We also show that myo-inositol abundance was significantly higher in ER-/PR- than ER+/PR+ breast cancer cells due to increased expression of inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 expression. Myo-inositol is an osmolyte and also a precursor of inositol phosphates which participate in PI3K and calcium signaling pathways. Although the reason ER-/PR- cells contain greater concentrations of myo-inositol than ER+/PR+ cells is not yet known, increased myo-inositol abundance could potentially serve as a marker of ER-/PR- breast cancer cells. We also observed significant changes in phospholipid metabolism, specifically, glycerophosohocholine (GPC) concentration correlated with doubling time. We also found that reducing serum concentration in the growth medium reduced the growth rate of MCF7 cells, which led to increased GPC abundance in the cells. GPC is also an intracellular osmolyte and is a degradation product of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). Phospholipid metabolism has been shown to be significantly altered in breast cancer cells and has been used as prognostic marker in breast cancer cells. A positive correlation of doubling time with GPC irrespective of ER/PR status may prove useful in deciding therapeutic options. Our results highlight the differences in metabolic requirements in different breast cancer cell lines and suggest potential for gaining mechanistic understanding of these differences using metabolomics. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Vijesh J. Bhute, Kylie R. Knutson, Yan Ma, Sean P. Palecek. Differential metabolite requirements in breast cancer cells correlate with ER/PR status and doubling time [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2520. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2520
Who’s afraid of the big bad pathogen?

Bacterial predation by Acinetobacter baylyi substantially increases cross-species horizontal gene transfer, leading to rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes.
A qualitative study of United States food waste programs and activities at the state and local level

In the United States, 40 percent of all food intended for human consumption is lost or wasted. This has economic, environmental, and social consequences that justify the involvement of public agenc...
Religion in Museums: Global and Multidisciplinary Perspectives: Gretchen Buggeln, Crispin Paine, and S. Brent Plate. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017. 265 pp. $26.95

Religion in Museums: Global and Multidisciplinary Perspectives edited by Gretchen Buggeln, Crispin Paine, and S. Brent Plate fills a gap in the literature. Few other titles have similar subject hea...
Resilience science, policy and investment for civil infrastructure

Abstract The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season resulted in nearly US $200 billion in disruption across the Caribbean and several US states. Several seeming knockout blows to communities will challenge the wisdom and affordability of resilience paradigms that have shaped policy and investment for civil works since Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy. With extensive involvement of the public and lawmakers, mid-Atlantic US cities, New Orleans, and nearby coastal communities ultimately, and mostly successfully, opted to use pre-2005 civil works as the blueprint for future investment. Should options of returning to pre-event normalcy be considered for these latest devastated communities? What would gain and what will suffer? While there is continuing priority and commitment for infrastructure systems to be resilient, the theory, science and methodologies to do so will certainly be tested by recent events. Adoption of a resilience strategy by government agencies requires the wisdom of the emerging science of resilience as never before. We describe economic motivations for implementing resilience assessment and management in damaged communities and large scale complex systems. We describe the latest understood principles of resilience that drive a decision framework. We call for examination of risk-based policymaking and investment decisions by the science of resilience.
Using lean methodology to optimize time to antibiotic administration in patients with sepsis

Purpose Results of a study to apply lean methodology to an inpatient pharmacy workflow to optimize timely administration of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)–approved antibiotics for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock are presented. Methods This quasi-experimental study was conducted at an 802-bed institution using lean methodology to assess the inpatient pharmacy workflow for dispensing antibiotics to adult patients. The preintervention and postintervention phases occurred from February to September, 2015, and from October 2015 to May 2016, respectively. Patients were included if they were hospitalized with an intensive care department 9 or 10 code for severe sepsis or septic shock, had an order for a CMS-approved antibiotic, and met clinical criteria for severe sepsis or septic shock. Patients were excluded if they received first-dose antibiotics in the emergency department. The primary outcome was time from CMS-approved antibiotic order entry to medication administration. Secondary outcomes included timeliness of individual workflow dispensing parameters, patient outcomes, and compliance with the newly implemented workflow. Results A total of 102 patients were included, 54 in the preintervention and 48 in the postintervention group. Baseline demographics between the groups were similar. There was a significant reduction in the median time from order entry to antibiotic administration by 40 minutes (preintervention phase 120 minutes versus postintervention phase 80 minutes, p = 0.014). Time from order verification to administration was significantly reduced. There was no difference in other secondary outcomes. Conclusion Lean methodology was successfully used to reduce time to antibiotic administration, which led to improved compliance with the newly implemented sepsis CMS core measure.
Electronic Resonances of Nucleobases Using Stabilization Methods.

The interaction of low-energy electrons with nucleobases is important because of their potential to damage nucleic acids. In this work we investigate several low-lying resonances of nucleobases using quantum chemical methods including static and dynamical correlation coupled with orbital stabilization methods. Specifically, the equation of motion for electron affinities via couple cluster singles and doubles and multireference perturbation theory methods were used, and their performance was explored. Low-lying π* resonances were calculated and compared to previous theoretical and experimental results, showing good agreement for positions and widths. Feshbach/Core-excited resonances generated by attachment of an electron to a ππ* excited state of the bases were also calculated, providing for the first time accurate information for these resonances. Mixing between configurations corresponding to shape and Feshbach/core-excited resonances is present in all nucleobases, which complicates the theoretical treat...
Gangliosides, Neuroplasticity, and Behavioral Recovery after Brain Damage

One of the central tenets of modern Neuroscience is that axons in the adult mammalian brain typically do not regenerate following injury. This tenet does not imply that axons in the brain are incapable of any growth at all. Rather, intact axons can grow new branches and/or terminals which replace those lost as a consequence of damage to other areas of the brain (Cotman, 1978; Cotman et al., 1981). In at least some situations, the newly established synapses have been shown to operate electrophysiologically and there is evidence that they might contribute to behavioral recovery (Steward, 1982).
Predictive Modeling for CPU, GPU, and FPGA Performance and Power Consumption: A Survey

CPUs and dedicated accelerators (namely GPUs and FPGAs) continue to grow increasingly large and complex to support todays demanding performance and power requirements. Designers are tasked with evaluating the performance and power of similarly increasingly large design spaces during pre-silicon design for CPUs and GPUs to reduce time-to-market and limit manufacturing costs, or to figure out how to best map applications onto FPGAs using high-level synthesis tools. Typically, cycle-accurate simulators are used to evaluate workloads for pre-silicon CPUs and GPUs and to avoid the overhead of synthesis and place-and-route when targeting FPGAs; however, simulators exhibit prohibitively long run times that limit the number of design points and workloads that can be evaluated in a reasonable timeframe. This survey focuses on predictive modeling as an alternative to cycle-accurate simulation, which enables rapid evaluation of workloads and design points. When applied properly, predictive modeling can improve time to market, and can facilitate more comprehensive design space explorations with far less overhead than simulation. The survey focuses on predictive models applied to CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs, noting that the general approach has been applied to many other computing platforms as well.
Generalization of Bloch's theorem for arbitrary boundary conditions: Interfaces and topological surface band structure

We describe a method for exactly diagonalizing clean $D$-dimensional lattice systems of independent fermions subject to arbitrary boundary conditions in one direction, as well as systems composed of two bulks meeting at a planar interface. The specification of boundary conditions and interfaces can be easily adjusted to describe relaxation, reconstruction, or disorder away from the clean bulk regions of the system. Our diagonalization method builds on the generalized Bloch theorem [A. Alase et al., Phys. Rev. B 96, 195133 (2017)] and the fact that the bulk-boundary separation of the Schr\"odinger equation is compatible with a partial Fourier transform. Bulk equations admit a rich symmetry analysis that can considerably simplify the structure of energy eigenstates, often allowing a solution in fully analytical form. We illustrate our approach to multicomponent systems by determining the exact Andreev bound states for a simple SNS junction. We then analyze the Creutz ladder model, by way of a conceptual bridge from one to higher dimensions. Upon introducing a new Gaussian duality transformation that maps the Creutz ladder to a system of two Majorana chains, we show how the model provides a first example of a short-range chiral topological insulator that hosts topological zero modes with a power-law profile. Additional applications include the complete analytical diagonalization of graphene ribbons with both zigzag-bearded and armchair boundary conditions, and the analytical determination of the edge modes in a chiral $p+ip$ two-dimensional topological superconductor. Lastly, we revisit the phenomenon of Majorana flat bands and anomalous bulk-boundary correspondence in a two-band gapless $s$-wave topological superconductor. Beside obtaining sharp indicators for the presence of Majorana modes through the use of the boundary matrix, we analyze the equilibrium Josephson response of the system, showing how the presence of Majorana flat bands implies a substantial enhancement in the $4\ensuremath{\pi}$-periodic supercurrent.
1007. Etiology of Sepsis; A Systematic Review of Emergency Department Sepsis

Background Sepsis is a systemic response to an infection involving one or multiple organ failures frequently caused by bacteremia. Over a million cases of sepsis are reported in the United States annually with an estimated 25% mortality. Early recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of sepsis in the Emergency Department (ED) improves patient outcomes. Increased awareness of sepsis has fostered novel opportunities to improve diagnostics. EDs are increasingly targeted as areas of primary care for suspected septic patients. Understanding the etiology of ED sepsis supports empiric approaches and opportunities for targeted diagnostics. However, a systematic analysis of etiology of ED sepsis, spanning multiple years, is lacking.
Survey on practice patterns in imaging utilization in patients with Crohn's disease.

Abstract Purpose To perform a survey-based assessment of imaging practice preferences in Crohn's disease (CD). Methods An internet-based questionnaire was sent to physicians involved in CD care. The questionnaire addressed the experience, practice patterns, choice of modality, and recent trends in imaging utilization. Results The response rate was 7.57% (122/1598) with 43.8% of respondents involved in care of CD for ≥10 years. CT was mostly preferred by ED physicians, internists and primary care physicians, while MRI by gastroenterologists and pediatricians. Practitioners from non-teaching facilities had higher preference for CT (CT:42% andMR:27%), compared to teaching/academic hospitals (MR:45% and CT: 40%) (p = 0.06). MR was preferred by pediatric practitioners compared to physicians serving older age group of patients (>16 yrs) (p = 0.01). CT was preferred by physicians taking care of Nearly 80% of respondents reported a change in imaging preferences, 46.5% respondents indicating growing preference for MRI while 33.3% reported increasing preference for CT. 29.6% physicians reported a patient preference for MRI over CT (13%) with the most common factor for choice of MRI being fear of harmful effects of radiation (60.2%). Conclusion Physician practices reported continued preference for CT in evaluation of patients with CD, particularly for evaluation of acute exacerbation, new symptoms or extra-intestinal manifestations. Physician providers with large practice volume, younger patient population and GI sub-specialty expertise report growing MRI utilization.
Abstract B41: Transcriptome-wide profiling identifies novel differential genes associated with health disparity of prostate cancer

Background: The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) are twice as high in African American (AA) than in Caucasian American (CA) men. The molecular alterations associated with this racial disparity have not been fully elucidated. We aim to compare the expression profile of AA and CA men using microarray available data and paraffin-embedded tissues to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the disproportionate of PCa among AA men. Methods: Microarray data of 619 PCa patients, 412 AA and 207 CA, were retrieved from 11 data sets deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. False discovery rates (FDR) were used for reporting differentially expressed genes and the differentially regulated pathways of these genes were predicted. To validate the microarray data, qPCR analyses were performed in forty paraffin-embedded samples collected from AA and CA men. Results: Of 362 differential transcripts of array data, TIMP4, LTC4S, SHH, ADIPOQ, and ALOX12 were downregulated (p Conclusions: Gene expression data from PCa specimens and microarray suggest that dysregulation of transcripts in PCa of AA compared to CA men may underlie health disparity of PCa. These data might provide new insights into development of reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers of aggressive PCa. Citation Format: Hamdy Ali, Pei-Yau Lung, Shaimaa Gad, Andrew Sholl, Hamed I. Ali, Jinfeng Zhang, Zakaria Y. Abd Elmageed. Transcriptome-wide profiling identifies novel differential genes associated with health disparity of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
Ratiometric pH sensor using luminescent CuInS2/ZnS quantum dots and fluorescein

Abstract Hybrid nanostructure from visible, NIR emitting CuInS2/ZnS QDs and fluorescein was fabricated for pH measurements based on ratiometric techniques. A single wavelength was used for excitation while the ratio between emission peaks from CuInS2/ZnS QDs and fluorescein in conjugate was used to estimate the pH of solution. This novel conjugated system permits multiwavelength emission which allows dual channel imaging. Hybrid nanostructure can be further modified to attach to biologically active sites, this suggests the very real possibility of intracellular structural pH measurements.
Study of the Co 59 ( n , γ ) Co 60 Reaction and the Level Structure of Co 60

The level structure of the odd-odd $^{60}\mathrm{Co}$ nucleus has been studied using the thermal-neutron capture reaction $^{59}\mathrm{Co}(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{60}\mathrm{Co}$. The gamma-ray spectrum from this reaction in the energy intervals 50-1850 keV and 4500-7500 keV has been studied with a Li-drifted Ge spectrometer system. A number of new transitions are reported. The observed levels are compared with those excited by the $^{59}\mathrm{Co}(d,p)$ reaction. Gamma-gamma coincidence measurements using Ge(Li) and NaI detectors have been made, which provide considerable information about the low---energy-level structure. In these measurements a primary high-energy transition, selected by the Ge(Li) detectors, defines a particular low-lying level. The decay of this level, isolated by the coincidence requirement from extraneous background, is observed with a NaI detector. Spins and parities of the excited states below about 1 MeV are deduced from the observed gamma-ray branches. The low-lying excited states are interpreted in terms of the $\ensuremath{\pi}{({f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\nu}{({p}_{\frac{3}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, $\ensuremath{\pi}{({f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\nu}{({f}_{\frac{5}{2}})}^{1}$, and $\ensuremath{\pi}{({f}_{\frac{7}{2}})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\nu}{({p}_{\frac{1}{2}})}^{1}$ proton-neutron configurations. The spectra of these configurations, calculated using a zero-range central force for the residual interaction, are compared with the observed levels.
The Targeted Impact of Flavones on Obesity-Induced Inflammation and the Potential Synergistic Role in Cancer and the Gut Microbiota.

Obesity is an inflammatory disease that is approaching pandemic levels, affecting nearly 30% of the world’s total population. Obesity increases the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and cancer, consequentially impacting the quality of life and imposing a serious socioeconomic burden. Hence, reducing obesity and related life-threatening conditions has become a paramount health challenge. The chronic systemic inflammation characteristic of obesity promotes adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic changes. Macrophages, the major culprits in obesity-induced inflammation, contribute to sustaining a dysregulated immune function, which creates a vicious adipocyte–macrophage crosstalk, leading to insulin resistance and metabolic disorders. Therefore, targeting regulatory inflammatory pathways has attracted great attention to overcome obesity and its related conditions. However, the lack of clinical efficacy and the undesirable side-effects of available therapeutic options for obesity provide compelling reasons for the need to identify additional approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation. Plant-based active metabolites or nutraceuticals and diets with an increased content of these compounds are emerging as subjects of intense scientific investigation, due to their ability to ameliorate inflammatory conditions and offer safe and cost-effective opportunities to improve health. Flavones are a class of flavonoids with anti-obesogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. Preclinical studies have laid foundations by establishing the potential role of flavones in suppressing adipogenesis, inducing browning, modulating immune responses in the adipose tissues, and hindering obesity-induced inflammation. Nonetheless, the understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-obesogenic activity of flavones remains scarce and requires further investigations. This review recapitulates the molecular aspects of obesity-induced inflammation and the crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages, while focusing on the current evidence on the health benefits of flavones against obesity and chronic inflammation, which has been positively correlated with an enhanced cancer incidence. We conclude the review by highlighting the areas of research warranting a deeper investigation, with an emphasis on flavones and their potential impact on the crosstalk between adipocytes, the immune system, the gut microbiome, and their role in the regulation of obesity.
World as (Arabic) Text: Mīr Dāmād and the Neopythagoreanization of Philosophy in Safavid Iran

The heavily Neoplatonic and antiquarian-perennialist tenor of Safavid philosophy is now widely recognized by specialists; but few have acknowledged its equally notable Neopythagorean turn. Likewise, that the primary mode of applied Neoplatonic-Neopythagorean philosophy as a Safavid imperial way of life was occult science has been ignored altogether, making impossible a history of its practice. The case of the Twelver Shiʿi sage-mage Mīr Dāmād – famed down to the present as an occult scientist – is here especially illustrative: for he was largely responsible for this Neopythagoreanization of Safavid philosophy, which saw the remarkable transmogrification of Ibn Sīnā himself into a Neopythagorean-occultist, by his espousal of a peculiarly Mamluk-Timurid-Aqquyunlu brand of philosophical lettrism (ʿilm al-ḥurūf) in at least three of his many works. The example of this imperial Neopythagoreanizing lettrist is thus crucial for understanding the intellectual and religiopolitical continuity of Safavid Shiʿi culture with Sunni precedent, as well as contemporary Persianate and Latinate parallels. Within Western history of science more broadly, Mīr Dāmād and the host of his fellow Muslim kabbalists must now be restored to the master mathesis narrative whereby scientific modernity is but the upshot of early modern Western philosophers’ penchant for reading the world as a mathematical text.
The Essence of Teaching Social Studies: Methods for Secondary and Elementary Teacher Candidates

Designed for use in elementary and secondary social studies education courses, this book supports the teaching of social studies methods in a range of educational settings. By highlighting long-standing content and principles of social studies education in a concise and direct way, this volume offers the building blocks of a comprehensive course, for use as springboards to the effective presentation of professors’ desired course emphases. With sections on foundations, subject areas, and best practices, this text explains the intersection between the "modelling" role of social studies teachers as democratic citizens, social studies fields of study, and strategies implemented in the classroom to encourage students’ critical thinking and values formation.
Non-Abelian fermionization and the landscape of quantum Hall phases

The recent proposal of non-Abelian boson-fermion dualities in $2+1$ dimensions, which morally relate $U{(k)}_{N}$ to $SU{(N)}_{\ensuremath{-}k}$ Chern-Simons-matter theories, presents a new platform for exploring the landscape of non-Abelian quantum Hall states accessible from theories of Abelian composite particles. Here we focus on dualities relating theories of Abelian quantum Hall states of bosons or fermions to theories of non-Abelian ``composite fermions'' partially filling Landau levels. We show that these dualities predict special filling fractions where both Abelian and non-Abelian composite fermion theories appear capable of hosting distinct topologically ordered ground states, one Abelian and the other a non-Abelian, $U{(k)}_{2}$ Blok-Wen state. Rather than being in conflict with the duality, we argue that these results indicate unexpected dynamics in which the infrared and lowest Landau level limits fail to commute across the duality. In such a scenario, the non-Abelian topological order can be destabilized in favor of the Abelian ground state, suggesting the presence of a phase transition between the Abelian and non-Abelian states that is likely to be first order. We also generalize these constructions to other non-Abelian fermion-fermion dualities, in the process obtaining new derivations of a variety of paired composite fermion phases using duality, including the anti-Pfaffian state. Finally, we describe how, in multilayer constructions, excitonic pairing of the composite fermions across $N$ layers can also generate the family of Blok-Wen states with $U{(k)}_{2}$ topological order.