cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A wafer design problem in semiconductor manufacturing for reliable customer service

The authors present models that explicitly take account of yield losses and show how available chip sites should be allocated among various types of chips to meet the demand of a set with the maximum probability. A key result is that the proportion of sites allocated to each chip type varies with the total number of available sites. The allocation model also provides a tradeoff curve between the total number of chip sites assigned for the production of a set and the highest attainable level of confidence in meeting the demand; this is valuable when more than one set is competing for the same resources. The influence of wafer loss and rework on the determination of job size is considered. The models presented here are particularly useful when reliable delivery of a set of chips by an impending due date is of prime concern and the fabrication line is congested. >
Therapeutic response of leukemic mice treated with fluorinated pyrimidines and inhibitors of deoxyuridylate synthesis

Abstract The therapeutic efficacy of combinations of fluorinated pyrimidines and inhibitors of either ribonucleotide reductase or deoxycytidylate deaminase was evaluated for the treatment of the L1210 mouse leukemia in DBA/2 mice. Therapeutic synergisms were observed with optimal combinations of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and either hydroxyurea or guanazole. In addition, mice treated with guanazole combined with 5-fluorouracil survived longer than was observed with any dose of guanazole or with 5-fluorouracil alone. Tetrahydrodeoxyuridine, a potential prodrug of a transition-state analog of deoxycytidylate deaminase, did not have antitumor activity by itself nor did it improve the therapeutic response of leukemic mice to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that deoxyuridylate accumulation was limited by inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase but not by administration of tetrahydrodeoxyuridine. It is suggested that combination chemotherapy with fluorinated pyrimidines and inhibitors of deoxyuridylate synthesis may improve the therapeutic response to these drugs.
Age differences in the emotional modulation of attention: Effects of own-age versus other-age emotional face cues on the alerting and orienting networks

This study used a modification of an attentional cueing task with emotional faces as cues to examine whether emotional cues influence the efficiency of alerting and spatial orienting, and whether the effects vary with the age of the faces and/or the age of the subjects. In this task, younger and older adults responded to the location of a target (left or right) preceded by a brief emotional cue (happy, sad, or neutral faces) or by no cue. Older adults showed a larger alerting effect than younger adults and this pattern was not further moderated by the valence of cues or the age of the faces. However, the results for the orienting effects indicated both age similarities and differences as a function of age of the faces. Both age groups exhibited orienting benefits from valid cueing by neutral and positive own-age faces, and showed orienting benefits for negative other-age face cues. Older adults appeared to be differentially influenced by orienting cues compared to younger adults as suggested by the cue-va...
Greybox scheduling: designing a joint cognitive system for sustainable manufacturing

The aims of this work were to investigate how decision making in production planning happens, to understand how energy efficiency could be included as a manufacturing goal and to design a decision support system that integrates into current work practices. This case study describes the research, design and development this system. An interactive visualisation provides an interface to a flexible optimisation engine and allows experts to interpret, amend and augment system inputs and outputs without the need for programming knowledge. This approach supports collaboration between automated and human agents, working as a joint cognitive system.
Mesons and baryons at large N and strong coupling

Abstract The spectrum of the lattice gauge theory in the limit N → ∞ is studied. We calculate exactly the first two terms in the strong coupling expansion of the masses for the theory with naive fermions.
Competency-based Training: Accreditation as a Pathway to Wisdom

Competence builds on fundamental knowledge, skills, and personal moral and ethical characteristics; that these characteristics can be measured in some way is fostered by accrediting groups, and that they can be gained and further developed requires curiosity, critical awareness, and self-assessment
Biochemical studies on a cell surface determinant involved in T-cell proliferation

Previous studies have shown that a monoclonal antibody (TH5.2) recognizes a cell-surface determinant which is involved in the proliferative capability of T cells. The work reported here demonstrates that the T-cell-surface antigen recognized by TH5.2 is a glycoprotein of 55,000 to 60,000 molecular weight. The molecule shows a single molecular weight species upon reduction and denaturation, and it contains only a few percent of tunicamycin-sensitive carbohydrate structures. As shown in sequential immunoprecipitation studies, the TH5.2 antigen is on a molecule distinct from the interleukin-2 (Tac) receptor and the T4 molecule. Cell-surface antigenic modulation experiments indicate that the TH5.2 antigen does not comodulate with, and therefore is distinct from, the T3, T4, T8, and Leu-5 T-cell antigens.
NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS EMPLOYING A GIMBALLESS IMU

This paper considers the design of navigation and guidance systems which employ a gimballess inertial measurement unit. Two basic configurations are treated. In one, a coordinate transformation relating the body axis system to a suitable stabilized axis system is kept up to date using the outputs of the body-mounted gyros, the outputs of the bodymounted accelerometers are immediately transformed into the stabilized coordinate frame, and the navigation or guidance problem carried out in that frame just as if a physically stabilized IMU had been employed. In the other, the entire problem is solved directly in the body coordinate frame. These configurations are considered for two different representative mission situations: a cruise type navigator for a piloted aircraft, and a guidance system for a rocket vehicle. The equations that relate the input data to the desired output quantities are derived for each of these cases and the computer requirements for solving these equations are discussed. The means for integrating the vehicle steering and attitude control functions into the complete system are considered as well as the means for initial erection and alignment. The design requirements for the complete system are discussed. The paper concludes with an error analysis including the effects of instrument errors and computer errors.
Effect of a sterically stabilizing surfactant on the nucleation, growth and agglomeration of monosized ceramic powders

Abstract Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) has been shown to provide steric stabilization during the precipitation of TiO 2 from alcohol solution, allowing the precipitation of high solids loading of monosized particles by preventing agglomeration. The adsorption isotherm for HPC on TiO 2 in ethanol was determined to account for the effect of HPC on the nucleation, growth and agglomeration of particles during the hydrolysis of titanium tetraethoxide in ethanol. Agglomeration is essentially prevented by HPC.
Two Routes to Bis(μ-diphenylphosphino)methane Diplatinum Halides Bridged by Sulfur Monoxide

The new compounds Pt2(μ-diphenylphosphinomethane)2(μ-SO)X2, with X = Cl and I, have been prepared and characterized. One route was to use Pt2(μ-dppm)2X2 to trap the sulfur monoxide liberated from decomposition of a sultine intermediate formed from the oxidation of a thioketone sulfoxide with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by CH3ReO3 (MTO). The second and preferable route consists of the oxidation of Pt2(μ-dppm)2(μ-S)X2 with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by CH3ReO3 (MTO). The X-ray structural analysis of Pt2(μ-dppm)2(μ-SO)Cl2 showed that it has an “A-frame” structure in which the bridge sulfur atom has the geometry of a distorted trigonal bipyramid.
Annual Review, 1990–1996: Social Class, Work, and Retirement Behavior

Abstract This article reviews the literature, published between 1990 and 1996, in which the relation between social class and work and retirement behavior was studied. Work behavior was broadly defined to include vocational pre-entry, entry, and exit behaviors. Retirement behavior included nonemployment and discretionary behaviors such as leisure activities. Each major section of the review includes a summary of the literature reviewed and a presentation of significant methodological concerns. Finally, an attempt is made to direct scholars toward a more psychological conceptualization and operationalization of social class in future studies of work and retirement behavior.
Development of the catecholaminergic innervation of the song system of the male zebra finch

Catecholamines (CA) have been proposed to have neuromodulatory actions, particularly on attention and learning, in a number of neural systems. Because several of the interconnected brain nuclei that mediate song learning and production in the adult male zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) contain these neurotransmitters, we investigated the appearance of the catecholaminergic innervation of the song nuclei of male zebra finches during posthatch development, specifically during the period in which song learning occurs. We studied the development of immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the song nuclei HVc, RA, NIf, LMAN, and Area X in young males aged 20, 35, and 60 days as well as in adults (>90 days). We also visualized catecholamines directly in Area X using CA histofluorescence. Both TH immunoreactivity and CA histofluorescence were initially low in Area X relative to their levels in the surrounding parolfactory lobe (LPO), and then increased during development to become more intense than in LPO by days 60–90. Similarly, TH immunoreactivity in HVc was initially low relative to that in the surrounding neostriatum, then increased during development to become more intense than that in the surround by day 60. TH immunostaining also increased markedly in NIf, RA, and LMAN over the same period. These results show that the levels of catecholamines and their major synthetic enzyme increase in song nuclei during development and thus raise the possibility that these transmitters contribute to the development of the song system or to song learning. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Accommodating Risk Requires Managing Relationships

In their article “Governance, Privatization, and Systemic Risk in the Disarticulated State,” Julia L. Carboni and H. Brinton Milward present an important question about how reliance on networks increases the potential of a systemic crisis if exogenous shocks, such as recessions, occur. Interestingly, they structure their argument in juxtaposition to a case study in which such a governance framework eff ectively worked to prevent a critical systemic failure in the delivery of human services. Th eir article presents some theoretically interesting arguments and propositions that should certainly be further explored through empirical work. Th e signifi cance of environmental shocks may be exacerbated the more governance is structured through multiactor, multijurisdictional, and multisectoral linkages. Th is argument is consistent with propositions made by Frederickson (1999) in his characterization of the modern disarticulated state. Th e points that I make here should be taken as recognition of this. My intention is to provide points that might be addressed in future scholarship to more fully address Carboni and Milward’s contentions.
Multi-thresholded approach to demonstration selection for interactive robot learning

Effective learning from demonstration techniques enable complex robot behaviors to be taught from a small number of demonstrations. A number of recent works have explored interactive approaches to demonstration, in which both the robot and the teacher are able to select training examples. In this paper, we focus on a demonstration selection algorithm used by the robot to identify informative states for demonstration. Existing automated approaches for demonstration selection typically rely on a single threshold value, which is applied to a measure of action confidence. We highlight the limitations of using a single fixed threshold for a specific subset of algorithms, and contribute a method for automatically setting multiple confidence thresholds designed to target domain states with the greatest uncertainty. We present a comparison of our multi-threshold selection method to confidence-based selection using a single fixed threshold, and to manual data selection by a human teacher. Our results indicate that the automated multi-threshold approach significantly reduces the number of demonstrations required to learn the task.
Primary systemic amyloidosis. Comparison of melphalan/prednisone versus colchicine☆

Abstract This is the first prospectively randomized study of the use of melphalan/prednisone and colchicine in the treatment of primary systemic amyloidosis. One hundred one patients were stratified according to their dominant clinical manifestation. Forty-nine patients initially received melphalan/prednisone and eight subsequently had colchicine added to their regimen. Fifty-two patients initially received colchicine and 35 subsequently required melphalan/prednisone because of progressive disease. There was no difference in survival when the two groups were analyzed in aggregate (melphalan/prednisone, 25.2 months versus colchicine, 18 months; p=0.23). When the survival of patients receiving only one regimen was analyzed or when survival was analyzed from the time of entry into the study to the time of death or progression of disease, significant differences (p
The Short-Term Effects of Music Therapy on Different Types of Agitation ' in Adults with Alzheimer's

Abstract From an adult day care center, 16 elderly participants diagnosed as having Alzheimer's disease were given a 30-minute music class once a week for four consecutive weeks. Agitation, as measured by the modified Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, was assessed by each participant's primary daycare staff person one week prior to the treatment and within 45 minutes to one hour after each music class. Paired t-tests showed that agitation was significantly reduced compared to the baseline measure. Specifically, music therapy reduced most types of agitation except for most types of physical agitation such as hitting or spitting. This suggests that music therapy can have value in reducing agitation in Alzheimer's participants.
Reducing surface loss in 3D microwave copper cavities for superconducting transmon qubits

The recent implementation of three-dimensional microwave cavities coupled to superconducting transmon qubits has led to dramatic improvements in qubit coherence times [1]. Besides the superconducting aluminum cavities that have been used in many such measurements, other recent experiments have utilized copper cavities [2] with coherence times now approaching 0.1 ms. We are investigating the effects on the quality factor for three-dimensional copper cavities that have the cavity-wall surfaces electropolished and coated with a superconducting tin layer. The copper base provides a good path for thermalizing the cavity walls and qubit chip, while the surface treatment reduces the microwave loss. We have measured a superconducting transmon qubit in such a cavity and we report our low-temperature coherence results on the same qubit and cavity measured in two different labs.
The Communitarian Approach to International Relations and the Future of World Order

This article comments on Amitai Etzioni’s advocacy of “soft communitarianism” as the preferred approach to the establishment of a global governance architecture responsive to the current range of world order challenges facing the world and the United States. The article criticizes the effort to combine an insider discussion of American foreign policy with the presentation of a framework for ethical problem solving that has the potential for acceptance throughout the world. A related criticism is the degree to which the foreign policy agenda is discussed in the terms within which it has arisen in Washington, giving the communitarian approach a discrediting nationalistic tilt.
Placental pathophysiology of the twin oligohydramnios-polyhydramnios sequence and the twin-twin transfusion syndrome

Currently accepted sonographic criteria for antenatal diagnosis of twin-twin transfusion (TTT) syndrome include a monochorionic placenta with same-sex twins, marked growth discordance, and oligohydramnios of the growth-retarded twin with coexistent polyhydramnios of the larger twin. Our previous report of nine women fulfilling these criteria, examined using sequential funipuncture of both fetuses, demonstrated inter-twin blood transfusion in only four cases (44 per cent). It was proposed that traditional sonographic criteria actually describe a heterogeneous group of disorders more appropriately described as the twin oligohydramnios-polydramnios sequence (TOPS). True TTT is a subset of this population, the antenatal diagnosis of which requires specific demonstration of transfusion from one fetus (donor) to the other (recipient). In this report, antenatal placental evaluation has been correlated using duplex pulsed-wave Doppler analysis of arterial blood flow velocity with postpartum gross and histopathologic evaluation of the placenta, with special attention to microvasculature. There was a higher incidence of resistance to blood flow, abnormal umbilical cord insertion, and diminished placental microvasculature associated with oligohydramnic growth-retarded (donor) twins when compared with polyhydramnic (recipient) twins. Based on these observations, it is proposed that TTT and TOPS represent asymmetric placental insufficiency resulting from aberrant placentation.
Ram/Wake and Surface Layer Effects on DC Electric Field Measurements in LEO

The USAF Communication/Navigation Outage Forecast System satellite, launched into an eccentric low earth orbit (401 km perigee by 867 km apogee) of 13° inclination on April 16, 2008, has a set of dc electric field probes that constitute part of the Vector Electric Field Investigation (VEFI). In order to obtain the ambient electric field, the v×B component of electric field must be subtracted from the VEFI measurements. After this subtraction and the subtraction of the ambient dc electric components, a residual dc offset directed toward the spacecraft wake is still observed, which varies somewhat within an orbit and on longer timescales. One of the interesting features of these offsets is that when the satellite is occasionally rotated, the offsets are reset to their baseline values, only to come back within a month or so. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the residual dc offsets. In this paper, we explore the possibilities that either the influence of the spacecraft wake on the sensors or that modified surface layers on the probe surfaces are producing the offsets. Nascap-2k and EWB models are used to show the various influences of the wake and of surface materials. Finally, a hypothesis is produced that quantitatively explains many of the salient features of the offsets. The feasibility of using dc electric field probes in space is reaffirmed. Recommendations for probe construction on future spacecraft to ameliorate spurious effects are presented.
Are topographic maps fundamental to sensory processing

Abstract Topographic organization of primary sensory cortex is a thoroughly documented phenomenon that provides a valuable tool for experimental neuroscience. However, its functional significance remains uncertain. It is not possible on the basis of evidence now available to determine whether topography is relevant primarily to neuronal processing, or instead to some aspect of development or “housekeeping.” The popular view that topography holds the key to understanding cortical function has little experimental basis, and may have misled inquiry into the basis of sensory processing.
Buttressing and fractional spreading of Tenerife, an experimental approach on the formation of rift zones

[1] The island of Tenerife is composed of three Miocene shields, which are centered by the Canadas volcano since the Pliocene. Tenerife sits on more than 2 km thick oceanic sediments. Quaternary volcanism of the Canadas series and giant landslides were principally confined to triaxial rift zones. The mechanism of triaxial rifting, however, has remained unclear. Physical analog models show that these rift zones may have formed by gravity-driven lateral escape of island segments, induced by loading of the deformable substratum. For experiments scaled to Tenerife, three adjacent sand cones were mounted onto viscous PDMS substratum. Gravitational spreading caused circumferential expansion of each cone, until a large edifice (Canadas) was constructed in their center. The older cones now acted each as a buttress; radial fractures were overprinted by fractional spreading of the Canadas edifice. This resulted in formation of three main extensional zones, resembling the triaxial rifting configuration of Tenerife.
On the application of linear stability theory to the problem of supersonic boundary-layer transition

Linear stability theory is used to calculate the amplitude ratio of constant-frequency disturbances as a function of Reynolds number for insulated and cooled-wall flat-plate boundary layers between Mach numbers 1.3 and 5.8. The growth curves are used to examine the consequences of using a fixed amplitude of the most unstable frequency as a transition criterion. The effect of free-stream Mach number on insulated-wall boundary layers is calculated, assuming that the initial disturbance level is constant, is proportional to the square of the free-stream Mach number and to the square root of the energy density of the one-dimensional power spectra of free-stream disturbances measured in supersonic wind tunnels.
Mathematical Model of a Countercurrent Flow Multi-fibre Dialyser

The closed form solution to a distributed parameter mathematical model of a countercurrent flow dialyser is presented. The model consisting of a bundle of hollow fibres in a shell accounts for axial convection and radial diffusion. The proposed model relates the fractional removal of a solute to mass transfer parameters such as Sherwood number, length Peclet number and system geometry. Excellent agreement with experimental beer dialysis data is demonstrated for the removal of alcohol using 8-lm thick 200-lm diameter cuprophane hollow-fibre membrane fibres. Potentially, this model could be very helpful in designing new processes involving dialysis. For example, removal efficiency better than 90% is achievable in systems operating with a Sherwood number of 2.0, length Peclet number of 5 · 105, unit tube-side/shell-side volumetric flow and length-to-diameter ratio of 5000. Results were obtained in this work from only the first eigenvalue and the case of no solute in the incoming dialysate stream.
Government Directed Change of Everyday Life and Coproduction: the Case of Home Energy Use

citizen merely as a consumer of public services. Rather than postulating government to be the exclusive agent of change, with citizens responding to directives in some hierarchic fashion, government is instead seen as an agent that motivates or inspires individuals to adopt behavior in conformity with public goals or in ways that produce greater private benefits. As Gordon P. Whitaker has explained (1980: 240):
The sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap: a reappraisal

The sternocleidomastoid myocutaneous flap was described 40 years ago. However, its reliability has been a matter of discussion, mainly because of its random blood supply and subsequent tendency to necrosis. This paper describes the use of the sternocleidomastoid island myocutaneous flap, superiorly based, in 10 patients with good results. In these patients, the superior thyroid artery was sacrificed and the skin paddle was incised directly over the muscle, as described by Ariyan. We believe this approach assures the usefulness of the flap and justifies its expanded utilization.
High yield criteria for obtaining non-trauma chest radiography in the adult emergency department population.

To develop a clinical decision rule for predicting significant chest radiography abnormalities in adult Emergency Department (ED) patients, a prospective, observational study was conducted of consecutive adults (>or=18 years old) who underwent chest radiography for nontraumatic complaints at an urban ED with an annual census of 85,000. The official radiologist interpretation of the film was used as the gold standard for defining radiographic abnormalities. Using predefined criteria and author consensus, patients were divided into two groups: those with clinically significant abnormalities (CSA) and those with either normal or nonclinically significant abnormalities. Chi square recursive partitioning was used to derive a decision rule. Odds ratios and kappa statistics were calculated for derived criteria. The results showed 284 (17%) of 1650 patients had clinically significant abnormal radiographs. The presence of any of 10 criteria (age >or= 60 years, temperature >or= 38 degrees C, oxygen saturation 24 breaths/min, hemoptysis, rales, diminished breath sounds, a history of alcohol abuse, tuberculosis, or thromboembolic disease) was 95% sensitive (95% CI: 92-98%) and 40% specific (95% CI: 37-43%) in detecting CSA radiographs. Positive and negative predictive values were 25% (95% CI: 23-27%) and 98% (95% CI: 96-99%), respectively. A highly sensitive decision rule for detecting clinically significant abnormalities on chest radiographs in nontraumatized adults has been developed. If prospectively validated, these criteria may permit clinicians to confidently reduce the number of radiographs in this population.
Direct HVEM observations of transitions in YBa2Cu3O7-x in the presence of a controlled oxygen atmosphere

Abstract The tetragonal to orthorhombic (t→o) phase transition in YBa 2 Cu 3 O y thin foils has been induced by exposure to oxygen pressures between 40 and 150 Torr at 500 to 600°C, and directly observed within the environmental cell of a high voltage transmission electron microscope, using a heating stage. The value of y increased from about 6.2 to about 6.75, and transformation twins appeared, except in very thin areas of the samples. The structure transformed back to tetragonal when oxygen pressure was reduced to 10 Torr or less. The t→o transition is controlled by a very slow oxygen adsorption rate, while the o→t transition is faster, and is controlled by oxygen diffusion or desorption.
Halogenated organic compounds found in shrimp from the Calcasieu Setuary

Abstract The Calcasieu Estuarine System serves as an important source of shrimping for southwest Louisiana. Because of the economic importance of this estuarine system, shrimp ( Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus aztecus ) were collected throughout the Calcasieu River/Lake Complex and analyzed for synthetic halogenated compounds.
The UCLA φ factory project

Abstract We describe the physics goals of the UCLA φ factory that include: (i) measurement of ϵ⨍/ϵ to ≈ 10 −4 , (ii) test for T or CPT violation using double semi-leptonic decays, (iii) new tests for CPT violation and long range forces using K S ° → K L ° regeneration in a vacuum, (vi) tagged K S ° decay studies, (v) the proposed UCLA φ factory complex is outlined.
Tumor-to-Tumor Metastasis: Renal Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid—Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Metastatic disease to thyroid gland is a rare event. Although renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been reported to metastasize the thyroid gland, metastatic RCC to a thyroid neoplasm is very unusual. We report a case of a 68-year-old man with history of RCC who presented with a 2.5-cm thyroid nodule. Histologic examination demonstrates a renal cell carcinoma metastatic to a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. The clinicopathologic features of metastatic disease into a thyroid gland neoplasm are shown, and a review of the literature is presented.
The ultrastructure of adrenergic neurons in sympathetic ganglia of the newborn rabbit after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine

The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine, an analog of dopamine which produces degeneration of peripheral adrenergic nerve terminals in adult animals, on adrenergic neurons in the sympathetic ganglia of newborn rabbits were studied with the electron microscope. Animals were treated with a 50 mg/kg dose of 6-hydroxydopamine within six hours after birth and subsequently given daily doses until seven injections had been administered. The results of this study indicate that the adrenergic neurons underwent a “reaction” to 6-hydroxydopamine which was first manifested by an increase in filaments and smooth membranous structures in the cell bodies. In the axons of these neurons a similar increase in filaments and membranous elements, as well as accumulations of dark-core vesicles and mitchondria, were evident. Microtubules, although plentiful in normal cells and axons, were not conspicuous in these cells and axons. This initial reaction was later followed by degeneration of the cell bodies and axons and their eventual disappearance, leading to a reduction in cell population and size of the ganglia. It is suggested that the initial effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on adrenergic neurons (in newborn animals) may be an interference with their axoplasmic transport mechanism which leads to cell degeneration and death. This study also has shown that some of the small “granule-containing” cells in sympathetic ganglia may be sensitive to 6-hydroxydopamine, at least in newborn rabbits, as is indicated by their degeneration.
Drug Abuse Prevention Programs: Do They Work?

Thousands of articles have been writ ten, and thousands of programs have been initiated. Yet, as a public, we seem to know far less than we would like about the role of educational inter vention into the drug use problems of our young people. This article is one writer's attempt to generalize years of experience on the part of public health officials, researchers, educators, and policy makers concerning drug use pre vention curricula in the schools.
The Minkowski problem for polytopes

Abstract The traditional solution to the Minkowski problem for polytopes involves two steps. First, the existence of a polytope satisfying given boundary data is demonstrated. In the second step, the uniqueness of that polytope (up to translation) is then shown to follow from the equality conditions of Minkowski's inequality, a generalized isoperimetric inequality for mixed volumes that is typically proved in a separate context. In this article we adapt the classical argument to prove both the existence theorem of Minkowski and his mixed volume inequality simultaneously, thereby providing a new proof of Minkowski's inequality that demonstrates the equiprimordial relationship between these two fundamental theorems of convex geometry.
Protein changes in wheat infected with wheat streak mosaic virus and in barley infected with barley stripe mosaic virus

Proteins were isolated from third leaves of barley systemically infected with barley stripe mosaic virus, of wheat infected with wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV) and of uninfected wheat and barley plants. Analysis of the proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis showed that certain proteins were decreased and others increased in relative amount as a result of virus infection. The latter group of proteins, which were mostly different for each virus, included the viral coat proteins and may have included other virus-coded proteins. Many of the proteins present in decreased amounts were the same for the 2 viruses. One of these was identified as the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, and others were tentatively identified as chloroplast associated. Decreases in concentrations of 4 polypeptides (two of molecular weight 52 000 and one each of 34 000 and 24 000) upon WSMV infection were confirmed by 2-dimensional gel analysis. Polypeptides of molecular weight 98 000–100 000, 72 000, 66 000, 43 000 and 29 000 were radioactively labelled in WSMV-infected leaves, but not in xminfected, in presence of chloramphenicol, alpha-amanitin, and actino-mycin D and presumably were virus coded. The protein of molecular weight 66 000 was present in higher concentration than the coat protein in infected leaves and was readily detected without labelling.
Functional characterization of atrial electrograms in sinus rhythm delineates sites of parasympathetic innervation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.

Objectives This study sought to characterize left atrial (LA) sinus rhythm electrogram (EGM) patterns and their relationship to parasympathetic responses during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Background The mechanistic basis of fractionated LA EGMs in patients with paroxysmal AF is not well understood. Methods We analyzed 1,662 LA ablation sites from 30 patients who underwent catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF. Pre-ablation EGM characteristics (number of deflections, amplitude, and duration) were measured in sinus rhythm. Parasympathetic responses during radiofrequency application (increase of atrial-His interval by ≥10 ms or decrease of sinus rate by ≥20%) were assessed at all sites. We also prospectively studied the effect of adenosine, a pharmacological agent mimicking acetylcholine signaling in myocytes, on LA EGMs. Finally, we performed mathematical simulations of atrial tissue to delineate possible mechanisms of fractionated EGMs in sinus rhythm. Results A specific pattern of pre-ablation sinus rhythm EGM (deflections ≥4, amplitude ≥0.7 mV, and duration ≥40 ms) was strongly associated with parasympathetic responses (sensitivity 72%, specificity 91%). The sites associated with these responses were found to be located mainly in the posterior wall of the LA. Adenosine administration and mathematical simulation of the effect of acetylcholine were able to reproduce a similar EGM pattern. Conclusions Parasympathetic activation during AF ablation is associated with the presence of pre-ablation high-amplitude fractionated EGMs in sinus rhythm. Local acetylcholine release could potentially explain this phenomenon.
Clinical Utility of Trial 1 of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM)

The clinical utility of Trial 1 of the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) has recently become a topic of investigation. The current study cross-validated previous research suggesting that those participants who score 45 or greater on Trial 1 of the TOMM will continue to do so on Trial 2 and the Retention Trial and extended these findings to broader clinical and nonclinical populations. Two archival samples were included for analyses: one sample of healthy community-dwelling elders and another sample drawn from an outpatient neuropsychology clinic. As demonstrated previously, 100% of those patients that scored 45 or greater on TOMM Trial 1 scored above cut-scores on Trial 2 and the Retention Trial, supporting the utility of a possible discontinuation rule on Trial 1. When combined with previous research, the current results provide further support for the clinical utility of Trial 1 in predicting overall performance on the TOMM; however, use of any nonstandard administration of the TOMM may not satisfy Daubert criteria in forensic settings and may not be appropriate.
Critical appraisal of E test for the detection of fluoroquinolone resistance

The ability of E test to accurately detect fluoroquinolone resistance was compared with an agar dilution reference method. Nearly 300 isolates belonging to 26 different species (62.5% with documented ciprofloxacin resistance) were tested with ciprofloxacin, fleroxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and sparfloxacin. In contrast to earlier reports, E test MIC values for pneumococci and all rapid growing aerobes were routinely higher (approximately 0.5 log 2 dilution step) than agar dilution results. The E test stable-gradient method also efficiently indentified fluoroquinolone-resistant subpopulations which were not detected by the reference procedure with the standard inoculum. Categorical agreement for 1710 test comparisons was approximately 90% with no very major, false-susceptible errors. We found the E test to be a valid, reproducible method for fluoroquinolone susceptibility testing that provided quantitative results and produced a conservative (1.6% false-resistant results) assessment of susceptibility of bacteria including isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to compounds in this antimicrobial class.
Effects of D2 dopamine receptor antagonists on fos protein expression in the striatal complex and entorhinal cortex of the nonhuman primate

Recent studies have reported that acute administration of dopamine D2 receptor antagonists increases expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in the rat striatal complex. There have been no corresponding studies of the effects of D2 antagonists in primate species. Since all clinically effective antipsychotic drugs share D2 receptor antagonism, it is important to define the extent to which these drugs may alter expression of c-fos or its protein product, Fos, in primates. We therefore examined the effects of administration of two D2 receptor antagonists, haloperidol and metoclopramide, on Fos expression in the striatum and temporal cortices of the vervet monkey. Metoclopramide does not appear to possess significant antipsychotic efficacy but potently produces extra-pyramidal side effects, while haloperidol is an effective antipsychotic drug that produces extrapyramidal side effects. Both drugs increased the number of Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-li) neurons in the caudate nucleus and putamen; the numbers of Fos-li neurons in these regions were increased in both the patch and matrix compartments. Haloperidol but not metoclopramide increased the number of Fos-li neurons in the nucleus accumbens shell. Similarly, haloperidol but not metoclopramide increased the number of Fos-li neurons in the entorhinal cortex. Neither drug altered Fos expression in the inferior temporal cortex. These data suggest that the dorsolateral caudate nucleus and putamen may be sites at which D2 receptor antagonists elicit extrapyramidal side effects, and the nucleus accumbens shell and entorhinal cortex may be loci at which the therapeutic actions of antipsychotic drugs are manifested.
Growth Control in Colon Epithelial Cells: Gadolinium Enhances Calcium-Mediated Growth Regulation

Gadolinium, a member of the lanthanoid family of transition metals, interacts with calcium-binding sites on proteins and other biological molecules. The overall goal of the present investigation was to determine if gadolinium could enhance calcium-induced epithelial cell growth inhibition in the colon. Gadolinium at concentrations as low as 1–5 μM combined with calcium inhibits proliferation of human colonic epithelial cells more effectively than calcium alone. Gadolinium had no detectable effect on calcium-induced differentiation in the same cells based on change in cell morphology, induction of E-cadherin synthesis, and translocation of E-cadherin from the cytosol to the cell surface. When the colon epithelial cells were treated with gadolinium and then exposed to increased calcium concentrations, movement of extracellular calcium into the cell was suppressed. In contrast, gadolinium treatment had no effect on ionomycin-induced release of stored intracellular calcium into the cytoplasm. Whether these in vitro observations can be translated into an approach for reducing abnormal proliferation in the colonic mucosa (including polyp formation) is not known. These results do, however, provide an explanation for our recent findings that a multi-mineral supplement containing all of the naturally occurring lanthanoid metals including gadolinium are more effective than calcium alone in preventing colon polyp formation in mice on a high-fat diet.
Birth to weaning kid traits from a complete diallel of Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goat breeds semi-intensively managed on humid subtropical pasture.

Boer, Kiko, and Spanish meat goats were semi-intensively managed in a complete 3-breed diallel mating scheme to evaluate genetic effects on preweaning kid performance. Over a 6-yr period, 1,547 kids were born in March and May with 1,173 kids raised by their dams to weaning at 3 mo of age. March-born kids were lighter (P 0.10). Maternal Boer effects were negative (P 0.5) for preweaning ADG or weaning weight. Heterosis for birth weight was exhibited (P < 0.01) for each pair of breed crosses, but only between Boer and Kiko for ADG and weaning weight. Kiko and Spanish dams had greater (P < 0.01) preweaning kid survival rates than Boer dams, but the former 2 did not differ (P = 0.72). Significant genetic variation was observed between meat goat breeds for kid performance to weaning. Maternal breed effects were more influential than direct breed effects. Boer goats were not superior to Kiko or Spanish for preweaning kid performance when semi-intensively managed on humid, subtropical pasture. Kiko should be a preferred breed and to a lesser extent Spanish for enhancing birth to weaning kid performance. Findings of this study emphasize the importance of proper doe breed selection in achieving desired kid performance to weaning in meat goats.
Molecular and clinical correlations of deletions leading to Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies

Human DMD cDNA probes have been used to delineate possible deletions in 160 affected males. Approximately 56% of these individuals had detectable deletions, 29% of which mapped to a region centered around 500 kb from the 5' end of the gene whereas 69% mapped to a region located centrally 1,200 kb from the 5' end. We have observed no correlation between the extent of a deletion, its location, and clinical severity of the associated disease. For some cases with deletions in the two high-frequency deletion regions, the predicted effect upon translational reading frame of the resultant dystrophin mRNA did not correlate with the associated disease phenotype.
Co-infection with two JC virus genotypes in brain, cerebrospinal fluid or urinary tract detected by direct cycle sequencing of PCR products

The human polyomavirus JC (JCV), which exists in different geographically based genotypes, causes the central demyelinating disease known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). A coding region recombinant JCV Type 1/Type 3 (Type 4) is excreted in the urine of some 16% of individuals in the USA. In addition, occasional “crossovers” in viral DNA sequence at type-specific sites in the coding region occur between JCV genotypes amplified from PML brain. For recombination to occur requires the existence of two different genotypes in the same host. Here we provide evidence from direct cycle sequencing of PCR products that different genotypes of JCV can be found in a single tissue sample. After non-type-specific PCR amplification, cycle sequencing produced ‘split bands’ at type determining sites which were resolved into type or subtype-specific sequences by subcloning of the PCR products. PCR products with split bands at typing sites were found in two brain samples and in one cerebrospinal fluid (CS...
A new, convenient way of imposing open-flow boundary conditions in two- and three-dimensional viscoelastic flows

Abstract Open flow boundaries are often present in viscoelastic flow calculations; their presence is not dictated by the physics of the problem, but rather by the need of truncating the computational domain. Viscoelastic liquids flowing in complex two- and three-dimensional domains are normally modeled by hyperbolic transport equations for the viscoelastic stress or conformation tensor, v ⋅ ∇ S = F ( ∇ v , S ) − G ( S ) , where S is the stress or conformation tensor, v is the velocity, and ∇ denotes gradient in space. In steady flows, the streamlines are the characteristics of these hyperbolic equations and boundary conditions on S are necessary where the liquid enters the flow domain. Open flow boundaries are almost always located in regions of fully-developed, rectilinear flow. Traditionally, several methods have been used to prescribe inflow conditions; each of them has one or more drawbacks in terms of applicability to general models, computational expense and complexity, and inability to deal with unknown flowrates, inflow-outflow boundaries, or unstructured meshes. Here, we propose a new, general way of imposing inflow boundary conditions based on solving the coupled algebraic equations of fully developed flow at the inflow, i.e., solving the equation F ( ∇ v , S ) − G ( S ) = 0 at the inflow coupled with the flow inside the domain. The equation holds because v ⋅ ∇ S ≡ 0 in fully developed rectilinear flow. Imposing the inflow boundary condition in this fashion is fully general and does not require additional programming in solvers based on finite elements, spectral methods, and finite differences, whether or not Newton’s method is used for solving the nonlinear algebraic equations arising from the discretized partial differential equation. We test this method and find excellent agreement with analytical results in combined Poiseuille and Couette flow of Oldroyd-B and Giesekus liquids in 2-D and 3-D channels and annuli, for which analytical expressions of the velocity and conformation (elastic stress) fields are available. We demonstrate that the new method yields shorter or equal upstream lengths than traditional ones.
Charge-4e superconductivity from pair-density-wave order in certain high-temperature superconductors

A number of spectacular experimental anomalies have been discovered recently in certain cuprates, notably La2−xBaxCuO4 and La1.6−xNd0.4SrxCuO4, which show unidirectional spin and charge order (known as stripe order). We have recently proposed to interpret these observations as evidence for a new ‘striped’ superconducting state, in which the superconducting order parameter is modulated in space, such that its average is precisely zero. Here, we show that thermal melting of the striped superconducting state can lead to a number of unusual phases, of which the most novel is a charge-4e superconducting state, with a corresponding fractional flux quantum h c=4e. These are never-before-observed states of matter, which, moreover, cannot arise from the conventional Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer mechanism. Thus, direct confirmation of their existence, even in a small subset of the cuprates, could have much broader implications for our understanding of high-temperature superconductivity. We propose experiments to observe fractional flux quantization, which could confirm the existence of these states. In a ‘striped’ superconductor, it may be possible to observe a superconducting state that, with increasing temperature, melts into a unique phase with charge-4e superconductivity, instead of the usual charge of 2e from paired electronic excitations.
Interilio-Abdominal Amputation

(1959). Interilio-Abdominal Amputation. Acta Radiologica: Vol. 51, No. sup188, pp. 173-189.
Intersections of Gender and Age in Health Care: Adapting Autonomy and Confidentiality for the Adolescent Girl

Autonomy and confidentiality are central topics in adolescent health care, both pertaining to findings that nonparent adults often benefit adolescent girls' psychological resilience. Traditionally, autonomy captures a patient's right to self-determine a course of treatment, whereas confidentiality is understood as privacy between doctor and patient. The author proposes a revision of these constructs to accommodate the psychology of adolescent girls in health care contexts through a case study of a 17-year-old girl's hospitalization. In particular, the importance of voice and trust in girls' psychology calls for understanding autonomy as self in relationship and confidentiality as mutual confidence. Suggestions for practice are guided by the premise that girls' health care can foster psychological risk or resilience, depending on the doctor-patient relationship.