cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Over-the-Scope Clips in Management of High-Risk Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background & Aims Standard endoscopic therapies do not control bleeding or produce complications in as many as 20% of patients with nonvariceal gastrointestinal bleeding. Most bleeding comes from ulcers with characteristics such as high-risk vascular territories and/or large vessels. We evaluated the efficacy of using over-the-scope clips (OTSCs) as primary or rescue therapy for patients with bleeding from lesions that have a high risk for adverse outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of data from 67 patients with gastrointestinal bleeding from high-risk lesions who were treated with OTSCs as primary (n = 49) or rescue therapy (n = 18) at a quaternary center, from December 2011 through February 2015. The definition of high-risk lesions was lesions that were situated in the area of a major artery and larger than 2 mm in diameter and/or a deep penetrating, excavated, fibrotic ulcer with high-risk stigmata, in which a perforation could not be ruled out or thermal therapy would cause perforation, or lesions that could not be treated by standard endoscopy. Clinical severity was determined based on the Rockall score and a modified Blatchford score. Our primary outcome was the incidence of rebleeding within 30 days after OTSC placement. We assessed risk factors for rebleeding using univariate hazard models followed by multivariable analysis. Results Of the 67 patients, 47 (70.1%) remained free of rebleeding at 30 days after OTSC placement. We found no difference in the proportion of patients with rebleeding who received primary or rescue therapy (hazard ratio, 0.639; 95% confidence interval, 0.084–4.860; P = .6653). Only 9 rebleeding events were linked clearly to OTSCs and required intervention, indicating an OTSC success rate of 81.3%. We found no significant associations between rebleeding and clinical scores. However, on multivariable analysis, patients with coronary artery disease had a higher risk of rebleeding after OTSC independent of international normalized ratio and antiplatelet use (hazard ratio, 7.30; P = .0002). Conclusions In a retrospective analysis of 67 patients with bleeding from high-risk gastrointestinal lesions, we found OTSCs to prevent rebleeding in more than 80% of cases. In the past, these lesions were treated with surgical or radiologic interventions. Patients with coronary artery disease have an increased risk of rebleeding after OTSCs, suggesting the need for escalated therapies.
Clinical Examination of the Respiratory System

Aspects of a detailed examination of the respiratory system of the horse with suspected respiratory system disease are described. This review includes discussions of the terminology of signs associated with respiratory system disease; radiographic examination of the upper and lower airways and thorax; nuclear scintigraphy; percutaneous and endoscopic tracheal aspiration; bronchoalveolar lavage; electromyography; blood gas analysis; and pleuroscopy and pleural fluid examination.
Skeletal muscle protein metabolism and serum growth hormone, insulin, and cortisol concentrations in growing steers implanted with estradiol-17 beta, trenbolone acetate, or estradiol-17 beta plus trenbolone acetate.

Skeletal muscle protein degradation, measured by urinary N tau-methylhistidine excretion, and circulating concentrations of growth hormone (GH), insulin (INS), and cortisol (CT) were monitored in steers before and after implantation with estradiol-17 beta (E2; 24 mg) and trenbolone acetate (TBA; 300 mg). Yearling crossbred steers (n = 43) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement: nonimplanted controls (C); TBA; E2; and TBA plus E2 (TBA+E2). A subgroup (Block 1) of 16 steers was bled on d -12, 31, and 72 after implanting. Deposition of skeletal muscle protein was markedly increased (P less than .001) by E2 and TBA+E2 treatment. This response occurred mainly within the first 40 d after implantation and declined (P less than .001) in concert with decreasing (P less than .01) concentration of serum E2. Anabolic steroid treatment did not affect the rate of skeletal muscle protein breakdown. There was no apparent relationship between reduced serum CT concentration (linear effect; P less than .01) in TBA-treated steers and skeletal muscle protein degradation rate. Blood concentration and pulse activity of INS were not affected by anabolic steroid administration. Both TBA- and TBA+E2-implanted steers displayed a linear decrease (P less than .05) in serum GH concentration over time, which was similar to C. Lowered mean GH concentration resulted from a reduction (TBA main effect; P less than .05) in pulse amplitude of GH. Unlike TBA, TBA+E2, and C, only E2 maintained serum GH concentrations over time. Although increased muscle protein deposition was evident in TBA+E2-treated steers, an obvious causal relationship between this response and circulating GH, INS, and CT was not revealed. These results do not support the concept that combined androgenic agent and estrogen administration effectively reduce bovine muscle protein degradation by static modulation of circulating endogenous anabolic and antianabolic hormones.
Reoperative Bariatric Surgery

The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) has estimated that 220,000 bariatric surgeries were performed in 2009 in the United States—a 13-fold increase since 1992. The number of revisional bariatric procedures has progressively increased as well. Indications for reoperations in bariatric surgery are either related to failure of weight loss and weight regain or complications. Currently, the overall incidence of reoperations after any bariatric procedure is estimated to be between 5 and 54 %. The wide range depends on the different types of primary operations. Based on the increase in demand of reoperative bariatric surgery and the overall increase in both the morbidity and mortality of such procedures, it is necessary for bariatric surgeons and bariatricians to familiarize themselves with the different surgical scenarios. This chapter describes the importance of preoperative testing, explains the different indications for reoperative surgery, describes the different types of reoperative bariatric procedures, and discusses the morbidity and outcomes of reoperative surgery.
GOnet: a tool for interactive Gene Ontology analysis.

Biological interpretation of gene/protein lists resulting from -omics experiments can be a complex task. A common approach consists of reviewing Gene Ontology (GO) annotations for entries in such lists and searching for enrichment patterns. Unfortunately, there is a gap between machine-readable output of GO software and its human-interpretable form. This gap can be bridged by allowing users to simultaneously visualize and interact with term-term and gene-term relationships. We created the open-source GOnet web-application (available at http://tools.dice-database.org/GOnet/ ), which takes a list of gene or protein entries from human or mouse data and performs GO term annotation analysis (mapping of provided entries to GO subsets) or GO term enrichment analysis (scanning for GO categories overrepresented in the input list). The application is capable of producing parsable data formats and importantly, interactive visualizations of the GO analysis results. The interactive results allow exploration of genes and GO terms as a graph that depicts the natural hierarchy of the terms and retains relationships between terms and genes/proteins. As a result, GOnet provides insight into the functional interconnection of the submitted entries. The application can be used for GO analysis of any biological data sources resulting in gene/protein lists. It can be helpful for experimentalists as well as computational biologists working on biological interpretation of -omics data resulting in such lists.
Down Girl: The Logic of Misogyny, by Kate Manne

Kate Manne’s examination of misogyny is a crucial foray into a rampant and misunderstood social phenomenon. Through critical analyses of the term’s history and its relevance to recent cases, Manne ...
Tracing the Evolution of Novel Features of Human Toll-like Receptor 4

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a critical innate immune protein that activates inflammation in response to extracellular cues. Much of the work to understand how the protein works in humans has been done using mouse models. Although human and mouse TLR4 have many shared features, they have also diverged significantly since their last common ancestor, acquiring 277 sequence differences. Functional differences include the extent of ligand-independent activation, whether lipid IVa acts as an antagonist or agonist, and the relative species cross-compatibility of their MD-2 cofactor. We set out to understand the evolutionary origins for these functional differences between human and mouse TLR4. Using a combination of phylogenetics, ancestral sequence reconstruction, and functional characterization, we found that evolutionary changes to the human TLR4, rather than changes to the mouse TLR4, were largely responsible for these functional changes. Human TLR4 repressed ancestral ligand-independent activity and gained antagonism to lipid IVa. Additionally, mutations to the human TLR4 cofactor MD-2 led to lineage-specific incompatibility between human and opossum TLR4 complex members. These results were surprising, as mouse TLR4 has acquired many more mutations than human TLR4 since their last common ancestor. Our work has polarized this set of transitions and sets up work to study the mechanistic underpinnings for the evolution of new functions in TLR4.
Physics-Based Modeling and Electromagnetic Scattering Computation for Snow-Packs

Physics-based Fully-Coherent Electromagnetic (EM) scattering model from 3D snowpack with arbitrary thickness is considered. The computer-generated snow media is reconstructed using the implementation of the Lineal-Path function in conjunction with 3D spatial exponential correlation function to assure the macroscopic connectivity of the snow particles. A fully-coherent EM computation is performed using the Statistical S-Matrix Wave Propagation- in Spectral domain approach (SSWaP-SD) along with a Method of Moments (MoM) code based on the Discrete-Dipole Approximation (DDA). This approach is chosen to leverage both the time-efficient computations of the DDA and the full-coherency of the SSWaP-SD method simultaneously. For an arbitrarily thick snow layer, thin slabs of a snow pack is analyzed a corresponding polarimetric N-port (representing different directions of scattering) S-matrix is generated. These S-matrices are cascaded using SSWaP-SD method to calculate the total forward and backward bistatic scattered fields in a fully coherent way. The simulation results of the backscattering from an arbitrary thick snow layer are presented.
An “Oath” and a Responsibility

This final chapter examines the foundations of medical ethics and ties an age-old oath to modern day responsibilities. It looks at misunderstandings from both the clinician and patient standpoint and suggests ways to avoid them. Barriers to quality care are reviewed. The chapter also looks at the progress that clinicians have made in providing equitable care, extending life expectancy, and improving the lives of everyone. By showing what clinicians have already accomplished through clinical interventions and nuanced approaches to care, and aligning these positive outcomes with the Hippocratic oath and Florence Nightingale pledge, the reader will be further motivated to internalize and implement these important differences in the clinical care of African Americans.
Conflicts of Interest and Mutual Fund Performance: Evidence from Investment Banking Relationships

This paper examines the effect of conflicts of interest on the performance of investment bank affiliated mutual funds. We find robust evidence that affiliated funds underperform unaffiliated funds. An important source of this underperformance is the disproportionately large holdings of investment banking clients' stocks by affiliated mutual funds. The average holding of client stocks by affiliated funds is more than twice as large as their average holding of non-client stocks. More importantly, the client holdings of affiliated funds underperform both their benchmarks and non-client holdings, consistent with the long-run underperformance of equity issuers and acquirers documented in prior literature. The underperformance of affiliated funds cannot be explained by lack of investor monitoring for fund performance, nor is it mitigated by investment bank reputation. Our results are consistent with the idea that investment banks use affiliated funds as a tool to support underwriting and advising business at the expense of fund shareholders.
Abstract P525: The Effect of Weight Loss Combined With Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Stiffness: Results From the PREVAIL Pilot Study

Objective: The OPTIFAST diet has known effects for weight loss, but little data exists on the effects of the diet on arterial stiffness. Methods: Overweight and obese (BMI: 34.5 + 4.0) adults (N=17...
CHAPTER 1 – ANGULAR MOMENTUM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the orbital momentum operator and spherical harmonics and related functions. Orbital angular momentum operators and spherical harmonics are related. It may be seen from the standpoint of a central force problem. The chapter presents equations that exhibit the basic connections between orbital angular momentum operators and spherical harmonics. It also lists several formulas involving spherical harmonics. The quantum numbers in the coupled representation must be related in some fashion to those in the uncoupled representation. Quantum–mechanical wave functions and their first derivatives must be everywhere continuous, single-valued, and finite. The methods developed for the coupling of two angular momentum operators may be extended to any number of operators but not without additional complications.
Statin Discontinuation and Life-Limiting Illness in Non-Skilled Stay Nursing Homes at Admission.

OBJECTIVES To estimate 30-day statin discontinuation among newly admitted nursing home residents overall and within categories of life-limiting illness. DESIGN Retrospective cohort using Minimum Data Set 3.0 nursing home admission assessments from 2015 to 2016 merged to Medicare administrative data files. SETTING U.S. Medicare- and Medicaid-certified nursing home facilities (n = 13,092). PARTICIPANTS Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, aged 65 years and older, newly admitted to nursing homes for non-skilled nursing facility stays on statin pharmacotherapy at the time of admission (n = 73,247). MEASUREMENTS Residents were categorized using evidence-based criteria to identify progressive, terminal conditions or limited prognoses (<6 months). Discontinuation was defined as the absence of a new Medicare Part D claim for statin pharmacotherapy in the 30 days following nursing home admission. RESULTS Overall, 19.9% discontinued statins within 30 days of nursing home admission, with rates that varied by life-limiting illness classification (no life-limiting illness: 20.5%; serious illness: 18.6%; receipt of palliative care consult: 34.5%; clinician designated as end-of-life: 45.0%). Relative to those with no life-limiting illness, risk of 30-day statin discontinuation increased with life-limiting illness severity (serious illness: adjusted risk ratio (aRR) = 1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.10; palliative care index diagnosis: aRR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.10-1.21; palliative care consultation: aRR = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.43-1.74; clinician designated as end of life: aRR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.42-1.79). Nevertheless, most remained on statins after entering the nursing home regardless of life-limiting illness status. CONCLUSION Statin use continues in a large proportion of Medicare beneficiaries after admission to a nursing home. Additional deprescribing research, which identifies how to engage nursing home residents and healthcare providers in a process to safely and effectively discontinue medications with questionable benefits, is warranted.
An efficient variance estimator of AUC and its applications to binary classification.

The area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve, AUC, is one of the most commonly used measures to evaluate the performance of a binary classifier. Due to sampling variation, the model with the largest observed AUC score is not necessarily optimal, so it is crucial to assess the variation of AUC estimate. We extend the proposal by Wang and Lindsay and devise an unbiased variance estimator of AUC estimate that is of a two-sample U-statistic form. The proposal can be easily generalized to estimate the variance of a K-sample U-statistic (K ≥ 2). To make our developed variance estimator more applicable, we employ a partition-resampling scheme that is computationally efficient. Simulation studies suggest that the developed AUC variance estimator yields much better or comparable performance to jackknife and bootstrap variance estimators, and computational times that are about 10 to 30 times faster than the times of its counterparts. In practice, the proposal can be used in the one-standard-error rule for model selection, or to construct an asymptotic confidence interval of AUC in binary classification. In addition to conducting simulation studies, we illustrate its practical applications using two real datasets in medical sciences.
Three-dimensional carbon-coated Si/rGO nanostructures anchored by nickel foam with carbon nanotubes for Li-ion battery applications

Abstract A nanostructured silicon (Si) electrode has shown great potential as a lithium-ion battery (LIB) anode because it has a charge storage capacity ten times more than that of conventional graphite; however, practical applications of Si-based anodes have been severely hindered due to their poor cyclability and low intrinsic electrical conductivity. Here we develop a novel binder-free Si-based anode through the encapsulation of Si nanoparticles (Si NPs) with carbon cloth and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), where carbon nanotubes (CNTs) rooted from a nickel foam result in a strong connection mechanically and electrically between active materials and current collectors. In the resulting architecture, a dense cellular carbon cloth from carbonization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on Si surfaces can improve the electrical conductivity and accommodate the volume change, whereas rGO networks provide additional mechanical strength to maintain the integrity of electrodes. The newly designed nanostructure exhibited a high reversible capacity up to 2700 mAh g −1 at 0.05 C (130 mA g −1 ) and 70% of capacity retention (up to 1311 mAh g −1 ) at 2.6 A g −1 after 900 cycles.
Designing high energy density flow batteries by tuning active-material thermodynamics

The cost of electricity generated by wind and solar installations has become competitive with that generated by burning fossil fuels. While this paves the way for a carbon-neutral electrical grid, short- and long-term intermittency necessitates energy storage. Flow batteries are a promising technology to accommodate this need, with numerous advantages, including decoupled power and energy ratings, which imparts flexibility, thermal stability, and safety. Further, development of robust nonaqueous systems has the potential to greatly improve energy density, approaching that of lithium-ion batteries, while maintaining the advantages of flow systems. Herein we report a breakthrough on a bio-inspired nonaqueous redox flow battery (NRFB) electrolyte, which contains high-concentration active-material and maintains stability during deep cycling for extended time-periods. These advances are reinforced by thermodynamic considerations and computational investigations, which provide a clear path to further improvements. Electrochemical studies confirm that the active-material maintains its high stability at high concentration. This molecular scaffold clears two important hurdles in designing active-materials for nonaqueous electrolytes – low solubility and poor stability – providing an in-road to development of high-performance NRFB systems.
Harvesting hope and solidarity: education and organizing with migrant farmworker families

This study examines the emerging process of participation and activism of Mexican and Mexican American migrant farmworkers in the schooling of their children through their narratives and oral histo...
An introduction to NASA’s broadband acoustic absorbers that resemble natural reeds:

Thin, lightweight, and durable broadband acoustic absorbers capable of absorbing sounds over a wide frequency range, especially below 1000 Hz, while also surviving harsh operational conditions such...
Decision-Adjusted Modeling for Imbalanced Classification: Predicting Rooftop Solar Panel Adoption in Rural Virginia

Understanding the factors that contribute to the adoption of rooftop solar panels can help design appropriate policies to convert potential adopters into actual adopters. This paper aims to predict the adoption of rooftop solar panels in the rural regions of Virginia using demographic features of households. A novel feature of this work is that it uses a decision-adjusted framework, which optimizes the specific goals of the study. Another novel feature is that we construct indicator features to improve the model performance. Traditional logistic regression models and decision-adjusted logistic regression models are compared. Results show that decision-adjusted models are better than traditional logistic regression models, and that indicator features can improve the performance of predictive models. The sum of true positive and true negative rates of the decision-adjusted model is 1.5973, while for the traditional logistic regression model it is only 1.
Communicating and Using Evaluation Results

Illustration of a failure to communicate: At a parent-teacher conference the teacher complained to Mr. Bird about the foul language of his children. Mr. Bird decided to correct this behavior. At breakfast he asked his oldest son, “What will you have for breakfast?” The boy replied, “Gimme some of those damn cornflakes.” Immediately Mr. Bird smashed the boy on the mouth. The boy’s chair tumbled over and the boy rolled up against the wall. The father then turned to his second son and politely inquired, “What would you like for breakfast?” The boy hesitated, then said, “I don’t know, but I sure as hell don’t want any of those damn cornflakes!” (Yelon & Scott, 1970, p. 5)
Personal Injury Examinations in Torts for Emotional Distress

Public policy usually allows persons who have been harmed to claim compensation from the perpetrators of that harm, even when the harm is not a crime. At first, the law only allowed compensation for physical harm. As the law has evolved, most jurisdictions also allow compensatory damages for psychological harm under a variety of legal conditions. The plaintiff must persuade a jury, to a preponderance of the evidence, that he or she was psychologically damaged in a legally qualifying way. The jury then considers what compensation would be just in returning the plaintiff to the equivalent of his or her condition before the claimed event. This legal conceptualization requires that the forensic examiner consider the plaintiff's functioning prior to the claimed event, the degree of distress likely to be engendered by the event, areas of resiliency and impairment in the plaintiff's functioning after the event, the likely cause of any psychological impairment in the plaintiff's functioning, and the plaintiff's likely future status and need for care to ameliorate the impairments caused by the defendant. This chapter reviews the legal bases of such examinations, describes how to conduct the examinations, and provides model testimony for how to explain the results of these examinations to juries. Keywords: emotional distress; forensic examiner; pain and suffering; personal injury; plaintiff; proximate cause; torts
The Missed Opportunity 1871–1873

“Paris is no longer Paris; all Paris is at Bordeaux ... this city is at once exotic and Parisian, a Boulevard des Italiens at San Francisco.” Thus did Jules Claretie describe in February, 1871, the old, placid city on the Garonne whose fate it is to become the temporary capital of France in times of disaster. 1
From Heisenberg algebra to conformal dynamical group

The basic algebraic structures in the quantum theory of the electron, from Heisenberg algebra, kinematic algebra, Galilean, and Poincare groups, to the internal and external conformal algebras are outlined. The universal role of the conformal dynamical group from electron, H-atom, hadrons, to periodic table is discussed.
Nerve growth factor reduces amiloride-sensitive Na+ transport in human airway epithelial cells through a trkA-Erk1/2 mediated pathway (660.10)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is over-expressed in airways of patients with inflammatory lung diseases. Ion transport by the epithelial cells of the lung is responsible for controlling the periciliary ...
Myocyte nuclear factor, a novel winged-helix transcription factor under both developmental and neural regulation in striated myocytes.

Abstract A sequence motif (CCAC box) within an upstream enhancer region of the human myoglobin gene is essential for transcriptional activity in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. A cDNA clone, myocyte nuclear factor (MNF), was isolated from a murine expression library on the basis of sequence-specific binding to the myoglobin CCAC box motif and was found to encode a novel member of the winged-helix or HNF-3/fork head family of transcription factors. Probes based on this sequence identify two mRNA species that are upregulated during myocyte differentiation, and antibodies raised against recombinant MNF identify proteins of approximately 90, 68, and 65 kDa whose expression is regulated following differentiation of myogenic cells in culture. In addition, the 90-kDa form of MNF is phosphorylated and is upregulated in intact muscles subjected to chronic motor nerve stimulation, a potent stimulus to myoglobin gene regulation. Amino acid residues 280 to 389 of MNF demonstrate 35 to 89% sequence identity to the winged-helix domain from other known members of this family, but MNF is otherwise divergent. A proline-rich amino-terminal region (residues 1 to 206) of MNF functions as a transcriptional activation domain. These studies provide the first evidence that members of the winged-helix family of transcription factors have a role in myogenic differentiation and in remodeling processes of adult muscles that occur in response to physiological stimuli.
Ocean surface remote-sensing program planned

In order to better understand the physics responsible for radar imaging of oceanographic submesoscale features, the Office of the Chief of Naval Research is sponsoring the High-Resolution Remote Sensing Program, an accelerated research initiative managed by Frank Herr and Chuck Luther at the Office of Naval Research and Richard Mied at the Naval Research Laboratory. This program includes the disciplines of remote sensing, oceanography, meteorology, and microlayer physics. The approach will be to conduct a field program of simultaneous radar and in-situ measurements and to conduct theoretical/modeling work to understand the feature generation, variability, and imaging physics. Since the launch of SEASAT in 1978, there has been great interest in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of oceanographic features. For example, SEASAT SAR images clearly showed evidence of internal waves, current boundaries, fronts, eddies, and tidal flow over variable bathymetry (see SEASAT Special Issue I, J. Geophys. Res., 87, C5, 1982). Unfortunately, there was little or no in-situ data associated with most of these images, so there has been little validation of models that describe the imaging mechanism.
Elevated temperature hardening of INCONEL 690

Abstract The strain hardening response of INCONEL 690 during tensile deformation between 200–1200°C has been examined. At low temperatures, ⩽600°C, two stages of hardening, associated with dislocation–dislocation and dislocation–solute interactions were observed. Increasing temperatures to 700°C resulted in the introduction of a third hardening stage, transmission electron microscopy suggesting that this additional hardening stage arises because of a transition in the dislocation arrangement from random tangles to a cellular substructure. Finally, from 750°C to 1200°C a single hardening stage was observed, transmission microscopy showing this to be associated with a cellular/sub-grain dislocation substructure. Analysis of these results indicates that the third stage of hardening in INCONEL 690 at temperatures between 600°C and 700°C and single stage hardening between 750°C and 1200°C can be described by the Bodner–Partom (B–P) and/or Kocks–Mecking (K–M) dislocation–dislocation interaction model. Furthermore, between 750°C and 950°C the hardening behavior can be described by the modified K–M dislocation–constant periodic barrier size interaction model. At higher temperatures, >950°C, the modified K–M model may be utilized through inclusion of an experimentally determined strain dependent barrier spacing.
Cytotoxic immune response of puppies to feline sarcoma virus induced tumors

The cytotoxic immune response of puppies to feline sarcoma virus induced tumors was studied. Neonatal puppies were compared with adolescent dogs. Three different types of cytotoxicity were investigated: complement dependent cytotoxicity, T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The relationship between the spontaneous regression of the sarcoma and the development of the immune system of the puppies is discussed.
A method for the colorimetric determination of α-d-glucosidase with a chromogenic substrate

Abstract A method has been developed for the assay of α- d -glucosidase activity in mammalian tissue and serum with 6-bromo-2-naphthyl α- d -glucopyranoside as substrate. The effects of the type and concentration of buffer, pH, incubation time, and concentration of tissue and substrate on the rate of enzymic hydrolysis are presented. The tissues of the rat were more active than those of the dog. The highest enzymic activity in both animals was found in the kidney and small intestine.
An investigation of the validity of the SPSI and SPSI-R in differentiating high-suicidal from depressed, low-suicidal college students

The present study examined the validity of the Social Problem-Solving Inventory (SPSI) and SPSI—Revised in differentiating 65 high-suicidal from 63 depressed, low-suicidal college students. Results from multivariate analyses indicated overall differences in problem-solving between these two groups as measured by the SPSI but not by the SPSI-R. Further examination of these differences revealed the high-suicidal group was different in problem-solving orientation, rather than problem-solving skills, compared to the depressed, low-suicidal group. However, when depression was statistically controlled in hierarchical regression analyses, none of the problem-solving measures predicted group membership. The superiority of the SPSI to the SPSI-R in differentiating these two groups appears to be accounted for by the elimination of 28 items in the revised version, many of which measure orientation to problem-solving. Also explored was the possibility that objective measures of problem-solving provide a better prediction of adjustment than do self-report measures.
Studies on spore germination and growth of some mycorrhizal-associated basidiomycetes

Aqueous extracts of Western Hemlock roots were tested for the ability to stimulate initiation of growth from carpophore tissue of certain mycorrhizal-associated fungi. Of numerous species tested, onlyRozites caperatus andInocybe napipes responded slightly to this treatment, initiating a feeble mycelial development from gill tissue fragments.
The rate and capacity of calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast, slow, and cardiac muscle: effects of ryanodine and ruthenium red.

Abstract The rate and capacity of oxalate-supported calcium uptake was measured in homogenates of rat fast, slow, and cardiac muscle. The contribution of the releasing fraction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) to the calcium uptake abilities was estimated using ruthenium red or ryanodine to block the release channel. A relatively small fraction (12–20%) of the calcium pumping activity was associated with the release channel in skeletal muscle compared to 50% or more in cardiac muscle. The total capacity of the SR in the muscle types was in the ratio 1:0.75:1.5 for cardiac, slow, and fast muscle, respectively, while the rates of uptake were in the ratio 1:3.8:14.4. The major difference in the muscle types appears to be the density of pumping activity in the SR rather than the volume of the SR. The difference in the density of pumping activity is due to intrinsic differences in the kinetics of the calcium pump units and in their surface density.
Contemporary issues in primary amenorrhea

Reproductive medicine has changed dramatically since the 1981 publication of the study of patients presenting with pubertal amenorrhea. The breakdown of causes likely remains unchanged, with the four most common causes of primary amenorrhea being ovarian failure (48.5%), congenital absence of the uterus and vagina (16.2%), GnRH deficiency (8.3%), and constitutional delay of puberty (6.0%). In the study of patients reported by Reindollar, 60% of patients had barriers to reproduction. Since its publication over 15 years ago, developments in assisted reproductive technologies have enabled pregnancy in many of these patients. Women with ovarian failure may gestate pregnancies from donated oocytes. Women with congenital absence of the uterus and vagina may have their fetuses carried in a surrogate uterus. During this period, the advances of molecular medicine have provided a better understanding of the etiologies of many of these disorders, including Turner's syndrome; 46,XY gonadal dysgenesis; 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis; hypogonadotropic hypogonadism; enzyme-deficient states; gonadotropin resistance; and androgen insensitivity. Contemporary issues related to these disorders involve information about molecular defects and outcome of pregnancies for patients previously considered sterile. Largely, this information has been extremely helpful and reassuring. However, the reported deaths of patients with Turner's syndrome who become pregnant by donor oocyte should remind us to proceed cautiously as new reproductive avenues are opened for these patients.
Hypermedia based application for space shuttle processing

Abstract In order to successfully complete routine procedures for the Space Shuttle, personnel in the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) are continuously checking numerous specifications and process procedures. Employees are not only faced with tedious searches for documents that frequently reference other drawings and documents, but they must correctly interpret the vast amount of information associated with each task in a timely manner. Advances in Hypermedia and Database Management provide a solution for this problem. In a hypermedia environment, pertinent information is relationally retrieved and presented via a multitude of media avenues such as text, full-motion video, photographs, audio, and graphics display. This greatly reduces both the documentation search time and the confusion of interpretation resulting in a substantial increase in productivity. In this paper we discuss the experience of developing a pilot project currently being conducted at the University of Central Florida. Hypermedia technology is being applied in support of Thermal Protection System (TPS) operations at KSC. The system involves the integration of several shuttle specification databases, video display of processes being performed, graphical display of drawings and specifications, and an optional audio output to provide the user with a free-hand environment if warranted.
β-Catenin is required for Ron receptor-induced mammary tumorigenesis

Our previous studies demonstrated that selective overexpression of the Ron receptor tyrosine kinase in the murine mammary epithelium leads to mammary tumor formation. Biochemical analysis of mammary tumor lysates showed that Ron overexpression was associated with increases in β-catenin expression and tyrosine phosphorylation. β-Catenin has also been shown to be regulated through tyrosine phosphorylation by the receptor tyrosine kinases Met, Fer and Fyn. However, the molecular and physiological roles of β-catenin and β-catenin tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of Ron are not known. To investigate this association, we show that Ron and β-catenin are coordinately elevated in human breast cancers. Our data also demonstrate that activation of Ron, through ligand binding by hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HGFL), induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin, primarily on tyrosine residues Tyr 654 and Tyr 670. In addition, HGFL-mediated Ron activation induces both β-catenin nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, with Tyr 654 and Tyr 670 residues of β-catenin being critical for these processes. We also demonstrate that a knockdown of Ron in breast cancer cell lines leads to a loss of HGFL-induced β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation and cell growth, which can be rescued by activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Moreover, we show that HGFL-dependent Ron activation mediates upregulation of the β-catenin target genes cyclin D1 and c-myc, and that expression of these target genes in breast cancer cells is decreased following inhibition of Ron and/or β-catenin. Finally, we show that genetic ablation of β-catenin in Ron-expressing breast cancer cells decreases cellular proliferation in vitro, as well as mammary tumor growth and metastasis, following orthotopic transplantation into the mammary fat pad. Together, our data suggest that β-catenin is a crucial downstream regulator of Ron receptor activation and is an important mediator of mammary tumorigenesis.
Ribosomal RNA-based analysis of the bacterial flora from the conjunctivae of cattle with bovine keratoconjunctivitis (BKC).

Abstract Bovine keratoconjunctivitis (BKC), colloquially referred to as ‘pinkeye’, is a disease affecting cattle worldwide; it costs cattle producers millions of dollars in economic loss annually. While Moraxella spp. are the primary etiologic agent of pinkeye, surveys of flora from the conjunctivae of livestock from around the world have indicated that a variety of bacterial commensals occupy this niche. We used molecular biology-based methods to determine the composition of bacterial flora in the conjunctivae of normal dairy and beef cattle from Maryland (n = 113), and beef cattle with clinical BKC from Louisiana (n = 42). Three regimens were used: 16S rRNA PCR and DGGE analysis of amplicons; 16S rRNA PCR and cloning of amplicons into Escherichia coli followed by screening and sequencing of clones harboring inserts; and culture of bacteria on chromogenic agar followed by 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing. Most taxa were comprised of saprophytes found in the environment, such as Bacillus, Pantoea, E. coli, and Exiguobacterium. Moraxella spp. were infrequently observed. Some species, such as Propionibacterium acnes, represent taxa not previously associated with the conjunctivae. Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis isolates from the conjunctivae of Maryland cattle were genetically distinct from isolates previously implicated in septic infections in cattle at the same location. We conclude that employing 16S rRNA-based methods for bacterial identification can be useful in defining the flora present in the conjunctivae of normal cattle, and those with BKC.
Unilateral congenital lymphedema with intestinal lymphangiectasia, elevated liver transaminases, and hypopigmentation

Congenital lymphedema occurs with intestinal lymangiectasia in several syndromes, including those described by Turner, Noonan, and Hennekam. We report a 16 year-old Filipino female with an unusual presentation of congenital lymphedema. She has had persistent right facial puffiness since birth. She later developed hypopigmented patches and increased circumference of her right extremities. Liver transaminases became persistently elevated at age 15 years. Laboratory evaluation for infectious and other causes of her hepatitis was negative. Past medical history was otherwise unremarkable. Family history was significant for a maternal aunt with hypopigmented patches and several relatives with premature graying. No relatives had lymphedema, autoimmune disorders, or liver disease. Physical examination revealed right facial fullness and scattered coarse, white scalp hairs but no dysmorphic features. Pretibial pitting edema was present on the right, with mild pitting and ridging of the nails. Right upper and lower extremity circumferences were increased compared to the left, with no limb length discrepancy. Multiple ½ to 1-cm areas of hypopigmentation were noted on the extremities. Radiographs of the extremities showed increased reticulation in the subcutaneous fat on the right. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed right-sided asymmetry of subcutaneous fat. Liver biopsy demonstrated chronic, nonspecific inflammation. Duodenal biopsy showed lamina propria lymphangiectasia. This patient's condition seemed unique in that she had lymphedema of her entire right side, with the left side clinically and radiographically spared. We postulate that a developmental field defect of the embryonic mesenteric lymph sac and the right thoracic duct and lymph sacs accounts for both her unilateral congenital lymphedema and her intestinal lymphangiectasia. The constellation of findings in this patient, lymphedema, intestinal lymphangiectasia, elevated liver transaminases, patchy hypopigmentation, and coarse, white scalp hairs, has not been described in the English-language literature and may represent a new syndrome.
Marcos Ramirez Erre: Border art ‘from this side’

Abstract Place—the location of an artist—is a significant issue in the creation of artistic work. The work of many “border artists” recognized by the mainstream art‐press is made from the perspective of the United States. The work of Marcos Ramirez ERRE is made from the southern—TijuanAMside of the U.S.‐Mexico borderline. This article examines his art and the ways that his perspective marks him as different from other artists who have taken the border as their subject.
Semiterrestrial meiofauna inhabiting a wet campo in central Brazil, with special reference to the Copepoda (Crustacea)

The wet campo (“campo umido”) marsh type is widely distributed in the cerrado region of central Brazil. These marshes develop on slopes along margins of gallery forests where the water table persists at or near the soil surface year-round. Their grass and sedge vegetation covers spongy, highly organic (not peaty) soils. Ground and surface water seeping through the wet campos tends to be slightly acidic (pH about 5), ion-poor (conductivity less than 10 µS cm−1) and well oxygenated.
A seasonal change in the effect of field-aligned currents at synchronous orbit

The expected signature of substorm field-aligned currents is described for synchronous satellites near 10 deg magnetic latitude. The main effect is a positive D perturbation premidnight and a negative D perturbation postmidnight. This behavior is illustrated for two substorms near the fall equinox. A second pair of substorms taken from winter solstice do not show the expected behavior. The absence of this effect in winter observations is verified statistically by superposed epoch analysis. A simple explanation of this behavior based on the geometry of the plane of magnetic symmetry is presented. During disturbed times at winter solstice a synchronous satellite nominally at 10 deg magnetic latitude is effectively at the magnetic equator. This distortion of the magnetic equator must be considered in future models of the disturbed magnetospheric magnetic field.
Preparation of an angiotensin i analog containing a p-phosphonomethyl-l-phenylalanine residue via asymmetric synthesis of t-boc-p- dimethylphosphonomethyl-l-phenylalanine

t-BOC-p-Dimethylphoshonomethyl-L-phenylalanine has been prepared and incorporated into a peptide sequence corresponding to angiotensin I. Demethylation of the dimethylphosphonomethyl moiety then yielded a peptide containing a p-phosphonomethyl-L-phenylalanine residue.
Pyroelectric vidicon: a new multichannel spectrometric infrared (1.0-30-microm) detector.

A pyroelectric (triglycine sulfate) vidicon tube has been used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer (OMA) to obtain ir (1–30-μm) spectral information. The system can detect continuous as well as pulsed ir signals. Improvement of SNR through accumulation of data in memory has been demonstrated. Various parameters that affect the performance of the system include variation of sensitivity across the target, thermal diffusion, discharge lag, thermal lag, and noise. The applicability of the system to ir absorption and laser (cw and pulsed emission) spectrometry has been demonstrated.
The Welfare Economics of Heinrich Pesch

I. Introduction, 342. — II. A goal to be attained: a social science, 343. — III. Objectivity of the goal, 348. — IV. Social philosophy and ethics, 353. — V. A practical and normative science, 357. — VI. Conclusion, 360.
Zeeman effect investigations in the M.I.T. spectroscopy laboratory

Abstract The Spectroscopy Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology has for many years been engaged in Zeeman effect investigations at high magnetic field strengths. The combination of a specially designed building, high resolution and dispersion spectrographs, automatic and semi-automatic comparators, spectral analysis instruments, and a Bitter solenoid, make the research unique and a primary contribution to the determination of atomic energy levels in complex spectra. Zeeman effect data have been taken for thirteen different atoms, several in more than one state of ionization, and Zeeman photographs taken at high field strengths have been furnished to many spectroscopists in other laboratories.
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND DIFFERENT FOOD MATRICES ON CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS OOCYST SPORULATION

Effects of temperature on the sporulation of the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis were studied in 2 food substrates, dairy and basil. Unsporulated Cyclospora oocysts were subjected to freezing and heating conditions for time periods ranging from 15 min to 1 wk. Oocysts were then removed from the food substrates and placed in 2.5% potassium dichromate for 2 wk to allow viable unsporulated oocysts to differentiate and fully sporulate, and to determine the percentage sporulation as an indicator of viability. Sporulation occurred when oocysts resuspended in dairy substrates were stored within 24 hr at −15 C. When oocysts were placed in water or basil, sporulation occurred after incubation for up to 2 days at −20 C, and up to 4 days at 37 C. Few oocysts sporulated when incubated for 1 hr at 50 C. Sporulation was not observed in basil leaves or water at −70 C, 70 C, and 100 C. Sporulation was not affected when incubated at 4 C and 23 C for up to 1 wk, which was the duration of the experiment in both of the test...
Impact of upwardly revised ΔHf0 of primary, secondary, and tertiary radicals on mechanistic constructs in thermal reorganizations

Abstract Impetus for upward revision in the heats of formation of the ethyl (primary), isopropyl (secondary), and t-butyl (tertiary) free radicals has gained sufficient momentum in the last 6 yr to prompt an illustrative assessment of the far-ranging implications for interpretation of thermal reorganizations. Previous obstacles to consideration of diradicals as transition states in rearrangements of cyclopropanes and cyclobutanes are removed. The energetic relation of cyclohexa-1,4-diyl as an intermediate diradical in the Cope rearrangement to the transition state of a concerted mechanism is clarified.