cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Screening of compost for PAHs and pesticides using static subcritical water extraction.

Abstract Static subcritical water extraction (SubWE) along with solid phase extraction (SPE) was used for the analysis of PAHs and pesticides in municipal solid waste compost. Yields obtained for PAHs in certified reference sediment (CRM 104) were acceptable. The extraction method was simple, rapid, used small sample sizes, and no sample drying was required. Analysis of samples was performed by GC/MS and HPLC. Recovery of spiked pesticides was greatest at 110°C for 20 min extraction time. The optimum extraction for PAH analysis was achieved at 150°C for 20 min. Addition of C-18 resin as an “alternate sorbent” upon cooling increased recovery of PAHs but not of pesticides, however, it increased the stability of atrazine and propazine at higher temperatures. Analysis of three municipal compost samples from the Dayton, OH (USA) area showed no pesticides above the detection limit, however, PAH totals for 11 PAHs were 15.97, 14.42, and 20.79 μg g −1 . The totals of six of the seven carcinogenic PAHs, for which remediation goals in the United States is 4.6 μg g −1 , were determined to be 9.89, 6.77, and 13.06 μg g −1 dry weight. The highest PAH totals were obtained from compost containing sewage sludge.
Schrödinger Operators with Few Bound States

We show that whole-line Schrodinger operators with finitely many bound states have no embedded singular spectrum. In contradistinction, we show that embedded singular spectrum is possible even when the bound states approach the essential spectrum exponentially fast. We also prove the following result for one- and two-dimensional Schrodinger operators, H, with bounded positive ground states: Given a potential V, if both H±V are bounded from below by the ground-state energy of H, then V≡0.
Risk, health promotion, disease intervention and sexually transmitted diseases

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem, causing enormous human suffering and heavy health care expenditures. With the list of STDs having expanded fourfold in recent years and the incidence of several of these diseases increasing annually, an urgent need exists for investigators, clinicians and public health practitioners to collaborate in developing the most cost-effective STD prevention and intervention strategies (Table 7). Achievement of this goal will require that key risk factors associated with current STD trends be closely scrutinized and appropriate health promotion messages better emphasized.
IR matrix isolation spectra of some perfluoro organic-free radicals Part 1. C2F5

Abstract The pentafluoro ethyl radical has been prepared by the pyrolysis of C 2 F 5 I in a platinum effusion tube at ⋍650°C and isolated in an argon matrix. By elimination of absorption bands attributable to known fluorine compounds and from relative intensity measurements on the remaining bands, twenty frequencies were assigned C 2 F 5 in the spectral range 4000–200 cm −1 . Fourteen of these frequencies were assigned as fundamentals of C 2 F 5 , with C s symmetry, and the remainder to combination or overtone modes of the radical.
Gamma Ray Observatory survives

Right now the budgetary position of NASA science projects for fiscal year 1982 is shaky, outside of the Space Shuttle Program. Two scientifically crucial missions being planned are the Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) and the Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar (VOIR). President Reagan's proposed budgetary cuts have left both programs intact but delayed. For FY 1982, GRO will be able to continue at only 15% level—‘about enough money to keep the papers shuffling,’ according to a NASA official (Science News, Mar. 14, 1981). Nonetheless, the importance of planning the GRO mission, now scheduled for a launch date in 1988, has prompted the selection of instruments as follows:
Evidence for excited states of CO3−∗ and NO3−∗ from collisional dissociation processes

Excitation functions for collision-induced dissociation reactions of CO 3− and NO3− to give O− and the corresponding neutral species have been studied using an in-line tandem mass spectrometer. When these ions were prepared from certain gaseous mixtures, larger cross-sections and lower thresholds were observed for the dissociation processes than those found for the same ions in their apparent ground states. These observations suggest the existence of long-lived excited states of CO3−∗ and NO3−∗. The heats of formation of these excited ionic states were determined to be −4.8 ± 0.1 and −0.3 ± 0.2 eV for CO3−∗ and NO3−∗, respectively. Possible implications of these findings with respect to the D -region negative ion reaction scheme are discussed.
Tenderness of Hot-Boned Broiler Breast Fillets Chilled in Either Water or Brine Using Two Different Chilling Regimens

Abstract Breast fillets were harvested from broiler carcasses at 5, 10, and 15 min post-mortem and chilled in either brine (5% sodium chloride) or tap water. Two chilling regimens were used: 30 min in ice slush (1 C) or 10 min in 20-C chilling solution followed by 20 min in ice slush (1 C). Cooked fillets were evaluated for shear force, percentage moisture, and cooking loss. Post-mortem boning time did not affect differences in tenderness (shear force) of fillets and did not interact with either chilling medium or chilling regimen. Brine-chilling fillets produced significantly higher cooked yield and cooked meat moisture than water chilling. Temperature reduction of the brine-chill solution produced significantly lower shear values than constant temperature brine chilling or water chilling; however, chilling regimen had no effect on shear force or water retention when water alone was used as the chilling medium.
PilR, a transcriptional regulator of piliation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, binds to a cis‐acting sequence upstream of the pilin gene promoter

Summary The PilR protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a transcriptional activator of the pilin gene and belongs to a two-component sensor–regulator family. PilR was overproduced by fusing pilR to the gene for the maltose-binding protein (malE), yielding a MalE–PilR hybrid protein. The plasmid with the malE–pilR fusion, when introduced into a non-piliated pilR mutant strain of P. aeruginosa, restored piliation, indicating that the hybrid protein retains PilR function in vivo. The MalE-PilR protein was purified from Escherichia coli and used in a series of DNA-binding studies. A specific pilin promoter-binding activity of MalE-PilR was observed in a gef retardation assay. Subsequent DNase I footprinting analysis revealed a 40bp PilR-binding site located at the −120 to −80 region, relative to the transcriptional start site of the pilin gene. This PilR-binding region consists of a nine-base sequence and three consensus sequences of 5-(N)4–6C/GTGTC-3′, in a tandem array in which the first 7–9 bp are bound by the PilR on the non-Goding strand, leaving the last two nucleotides (TC) unbound. On the coding strand, PilR binds of sequences complementary to the two middle consensus sequences of the non-coding strand. A sequence similar to the NifA recognition site (5-TGT-(N)11-ACA-3′) is also found within the PilR-binding region. Deletion analysis and disruption of the individual consensus PilR-binding sequences by site-directed mutagenesis revealed that all four PilRbinding sites are absolutely required for the PilS/PilR-mediated pilin gene expression. The presence of four PilR-binding repeat sequences suggests that PilR protein may bind co-operatively or as a multimer.
Analysis of the Cleveland Iron-Ore from Eston

The ore was weighed after drying at 100° C. Composition of the residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid: The ore contains no metal precipitable by sulphuretted hydrogen from the hydrochloric acid solution. In the residue insoluble in hydrochloric acid, minute, bright, black crystals were detected, which were proved to contain titanium, and were supposed to be anatase. Prof. Miller of Cambridge has been able to measure certain of the angles, and found them to be identical with similar angles of anatase. The discovery of this mineral in the Cleveland ore is at least a point of considerable mineralogical interest, and may possibly furnish some additional indication of the nature of the rock from which it was derived.
A systematic review of the incidence and clinical significance of postoperative meniscus transplant extrusion

To determine the incidence and clinical significance of postoperative meniscus transplant extrusion. A systematic search was performed using PubMed and Cochrane online databases. Inclusionary criteria were English language, clinical trials of meniscus transplantation published from 1984 to 2014, and meniscus extrusion measured on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Twenty-three studies were included, in which 814 menisci were implanted into 803 patients. MRIs were obtained from 2 days to 10 years postoperatively. Eighteen studies used fresh-frozen meniscus transplants implanted with bone (n = 612) or suture fixation (n = 116); four studies, cryopreserved transplants; and one, irradiated transplants. Three measurements assessed extrusion: absolute millimeters of extrusion (0–8.8 mm), relative percentage of extrusion (0–100 %), and the percent of transplants that were extruded (0–100 %). Relationships between transplant extrusion and clinical rating scales, joint space narrowing on standing radiographs, and arthrosis progression were inconclusive. Non-anatomic placement of lateral meniscus transplants and suture fixation of medial and lateral transplants were associated with greater extrusion in two studies. Inconsistencies among studies prevent conclusions regarding the incidence and clinical significance of meniscus transplant extrusion. Even so, the short- to mid-term results were encouraging for knee function with daily activities and low rates of failure requiring transplant removal. A postoperative MRI showing more than 3-mm extrusion occurring in some studies suggested technique and/or implant sizing problems that required correction. Future studies should report absolute transplant extrusion, relative percent of extrusion, percent of transplant within the tibiofemoral compartment, and the percent of transplants that are extruded. IV.
Factors in Performance on Brief, Impromptu Essay Examinations

Brief, impromptu essays written for the 1990 administration of the College Board's English Composition Test (ECT) were randomly sampled for four different groups of examinees. These essays were subjected to further holistic ratings beyond those conducted for the ECT administration, and analytical ratings were also obtained. The holistic scores were correlated with the analytical scores to determine which essay characteristics were most closely associated with high holistic scores. The results indicated that overall organization, use of supporting materials, noteworthy ideas, rhetorical strategy, and thesis statement were the strongest correlates. Comparisons with the results of a previous study of 1979 ECT essays, written on a different topic, showed that these same characteristics were also most closely associated with high holistic scores in that study. These characteristics correlated strongly with high holistic scores for all subgroups randomly sampled, and for males and females. Additional factors associated with better holistic scores but studied only for the 1990 topic included following instructions, completion of the task, use of a standard essay format, use of literary references, and proficiency in the English language. Certain types of essay content were also associated with higher scores on the 1990 topic. Essays combining current affairs with literature and history or combining literature and history received slightly higher scores on average than essays based only on current affairs, literature, history, or personal experience. Nevertheless, some essays receiving high scores were based solely on personal experience, did not contain literary references, and did not use a standard essay format. The analyses suggest that some practice with this type of brief, impromptu essay, particularly under strict time constraints, may be useful as preparation for taking such essay examinations.
Steady-state response audiometry in a group of patients with steeply sloping sensorineural hearing loss.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the predictive value of auditory steady-state response (ASSR) evoked potential thresholds and predicted behavioral thresholds in a group of children with steeply sloping sensorineural hearing loss (HL). Study Design: Case series. Methods: Twenty-nine children with sloping sensorineural HL underwent behavioral audiometric evaluation, impedance testing, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and steady-state response testing. A t test was performed to compare the means of ASSR predicted behavioral thresholds and behavioral responses. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated at each tested frequency, 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz, using the same data. Results: Bracketed thresholds were obtained at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, 2,000 Hz, and 4,000 Hz. Nineteen ears were used in this evaluation. A comparison of threshold difference as a function of bracketing revealed that the means were statistically different (P < .05). The mean threshold differences were calculated, and Pearson r values were determined between the behavioral thresholds and the predicted thresholds using the Rance 95 algorithm. The results revealed no difference of means at 500 Hz between predicted and measured behavioral thresholds. Linear regression analysis revealed strong correlation at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz. Conclusions: The GSI Audera appears to predict the configuration of HL in children with steeply sloping sensorineural HLs and over-predicts the severity of the loss by 15 to 20 dB above 500 Hz at each test frequency (1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 Hz). Correlation coefficients display a strong correlation at 500 Hz, 1,000 Hz, and 2,000 Hz.
Motorcyclist “biker couples”: A descriptive analysis of orthopaedic and non-orthopaedic injuries

Abstract The term "biker couple" is becoming an increasingly common site in emergency departments. The purpose of this study was to identify orthopaedic and non-orthopaedic injury patterns among this unique patient group. A 14-year (1993–2006) retrospective review of a Level I Trauma Institute Registry was performed. Patient demographic and injury data were obtained from 21 confirmed biker couples ( n =42). Nineteen of 21 biker couple pairs (90.5%) included a male driver and a female passenger. Drivers were more likely to have a positive blood alcohol concentration/toxicology test. Drivers had a greater incidence of scapular and rib fractures than passengers. Both drivers and passengers who sustained scapular fractures had a greater incidence of clavicle, rib, pelvis, and fibula fractures. Drivers with scapular fractures had a greater incidence of thoracic spine fractures, while passengers with scapular fractures had a greater incidence of arm–forearm–wrist–hand, femur, tibia, and foot–ankle fractures. Overall, biker couple drivers and passengers did not differ for head injury, pulmonary system, road rash, aortic injury or visceral injury. Both drivers and passengers with scapular fractures had a greater incidence of head injuries, and passengers had a greater incidence of pulmonary system, visceral injury and road rash. Both drivers and passengers who were not wearing a helmet had a greater incidence of head injuries. Unhelmeted drivers were more likely to sustain head injury than passengers. When a scapular fracture was present both drivers and passengers had a greater incidence of head injuries. Prospective investigations are needed to better delineate the precise mechanisms for these injury patterns.
The Recovery of Will in Persons with AIDS

This article is based on a treatment intervention study teaching Focusing (Gendlin, 1981), a mind-body awareness technique, to four men with AIDS. Philosophical and therapeutic questions regarding the lifeworlds (lebenswelt) of persons with HIV spectrum illness are raised. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis are presented with an emphasis on the phenomenological method suggested by Giorgi (1975) and others. The analysis uses material from the tape recordings of each session addressing the aspects of change reported by each participant. Borrowed from the words of one of the participants, the shift in capacity to listen to oneself over time is called the "recovery of will." This process has three movements, which are characterized by the reduction of judgmental self-beliefs, fresh dialogue with significant processes within the self, and the integration of new knowledge derived from the process of listening and being heard.It is as though he listened,and such listening as his enfolds us in a silencein...
Conformational transitions of poly-2-vinylpyridine in aqueous solutions as a function of neutralization. I. Raman and infrared studies

Abstract The behavior of Poly-2-vinylpyridine in aqueous solution as a function of neutralization with hydrochloric acid has been investigated by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Ethylpyridine and pyridine were utilized as model compounds. The results indicate that between 0.0 and 0.5 neutralization the polymer is progressively solvated and extended. The Raman spectra indicate that a conformational transition is occuring in the polymer at 0.5 neutralization. A region of the Raman spectrum was found to be insensitive to neutralization but strongly dependent on stereoregularity.
Pyrolyzed Photoresist Carbon Electrodes for Microchip Electrophoresis with Dual‐Electrode Amperometric Detection

The fabrication and evaluation of pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPF) for microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) with dual-electrode electrochemical (EC) detection is described. The sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility were evaluated using catecholamines and related compounds, including dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA), ascorbic acid (AA), and catechol. Initial studies with DA show the response of the PPF electrodes to be linear between 25 and 500 μM (r2=0.999) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 5 μM (S/N=3) and sensitivity of 5.8 pA/μM. Selectivity was further enhanced by employing dual-electrode detection in the series configuration for detection of species exhibiting chemically reversible redox reactions.
Multivariable analysis of factors associated with hospital readmission after intestinal surgery.

Abstract Background Readmission rates after major abdominal surgery have a significant impact on hospital costs and quality of care. Identification of risk factors for readmission may improve postoperative care and discharge plans. Methods One hundred fifty consecutive patients readmitted within 30 days of discharge after intestinal surgery (RD) were compared with matched nonreadmitted patients. Patient-related (demographic, comorbidity, medications), disease-related (diagnosis, type of surgery), and perioperative course variables were collected for logistic regression analysis. Results RD was associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (odds ratio [OR] 7.12 and 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4–37.6), worse functional capacity class (OR 2.02 and CI 1.15–3.56), previous anticoagulant therapy (OR 4.85 and CI 1.2–19.7), steroid treatment, and discharge to a facility other than home (OR 4.35 and CI 0.97–20.0, P = .055). In patients with intestinal perforation, RD rate was decreased (OR 0.3 and CI 0.1–0.9), but this was associated with a longer primary hospital stay (median 8 vs. 6 days, P = .12). RD causes included surgical site septic complications (33%), ileus and/or small-bowel obstruction (23%), medical complications (24%), and others (20%). Conclusions Functional capacity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, previous anticoagulant therapy, perioperative steroids, and discharge destination are independent predictors of RD. Disease-related factors have minor impact on RD rates. Improving functional status before surgery, decreasing the adverse impact of steroids, and/or stratifying perioperative anticoagulant use may decrease unexpected readmissions in this patient population.
Reproducibility of renal function measurements in adult men with diabetic nephropathy: research and clinical implications.

Background/Aim: Measurement of the renal function is critical to follow progression of kidney disease. Short-term and long-term variabilities in these measurements have significant
Crystallization when mixing contrast materials with ethanol for embolization of venous malformations.

Editor: Currently, concentrated ethanol (100%) and sodium tetradecyl sulfate (1% and 3%) are used in the United States for sclerosis of venous malformations. These agents are nonopaque, while in Europe, Ethiblock (Ethicon, Hamburg, Germany), a radiopaque mixture of ethanol, contrast agent, and amino acids, is in use; it is not approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration. Ethanol is the preferred sclerosing agent for treatment of large, deep, venous malformations, and sodium tetradecyl sulfate is preferred for superficial use (1–3). Ethanol needs to be opacified before injection into venous malformations to demonstrate its distribution and to avoid gross extravasation. Previously, ethanol was mixed with metrizamide powder, which is not currently available. It is known that ethanol should not be mixed with ionic contrast materials because they crystallize on contact. Nonionic contrast materials are recommended because they “do not crystallize” when mixed with ethanol. During a venous malformation embolization procedure, ethanol was mixed with Visipaque (iodixanol, 320 mgI/mL, Nycomed, Princeton, NJ) prior to injection. The contrast agent immediately crystallized (Fig 1) and, therefore, was not injected into the malformation. After this observation, several other contrast materials were mixed with ethanol to determine their acceptability for sclerotherapy. The contrast agents examined were Hypaque meglumine (diatrizole meglumine 60%, Nycomed), Omniscan (gadodiamide 287 mg/mL, Nycomed), Omnipaque (iohexol 180 mgI/mL Nycomed), Conray 43 (iothalamate meglumine 202 mg/mL Mallinckrodt, St. Louis, MO), and iodixanol (320 mgI/mL, Nycomed). Of the tested agents, Hypaque (the ionic contrast agent) crystallized as expected. The only nonionic agent that crystallized was Visipaque. This chemical reaction occurred in the syringe and therefore was visible. If undetected, it can occur in the patient’s body, with possibly unfavorable outcome for the patient. In our opinion, this observation is important, because Visipaque (the isoosmotic nonionic contrast agent) is increasingly popular and its miscibility with ethanol should be known.
Determination of dynamic characteristics of processes in the presence of random disturbances

Abstract The problem of determining process dynamic characteristics from process operating records is treated for the case when the input and output quantities have random perturbations. The correlation and spectral analysis techniques necessary are briefly reviewed and then applied to some data obtained from a computer simulation of a stirred tank reactor. A digital computer was used for analysis; and the effect of length of record, the spacing between points, and type of weighting function used to estimate the process transfer function and impulse response are considered. The effect of process non-linearity is also considered.
An exploratory study of products used for enjoyment and enhancement purposes I. Reasons for choice among brands

This paper reports a pilot study of Dr. Walter Woods' maintenance-enhancement enjoyment hypothesis, with particular reference to products hypothetically used for enjoyment purposes. This is a product category for which no previous research has been reported. The findings support the general purposeive behavior hypothesis, but raise questions as to whether the classification systems can be broadly applied. The need for research on the basis of narrower market segments is found to be indicated.
A Small Pliable Humidity Sensor, with Special Reference to the Prevention of Decubitus Ulcers

In an investigation of some of the external causes of decubitus ulcer, a small flexible sensor has been developed as a clinical device to measure the relative humidity (RH) of the environment between the patient and the surface on which he lies. The sensor (described in detail) can indicate RH in the range of 20 to 90 per cent by a color-matching method (chemically impregnated circles); accuracy is within 5 to 10 percent. In a preliminary study on 28 patients, the readings showed that RH was higher in the sacral region than in the scapular region, and higher for patients who were inactive than for those who were active. The device was well accepted by both patients and nurses.
Flat cyclotomic polynomials of order three

Abstract We say that a cyclotomic polynomial Φ n has order three if n is the product of three distinct primes, p q r . Let A ( n ) be the largest absolute value of a coefficient of Φ n . For each pair of primes p q , we give an infinite family of r such that A ( p q r ) = 1 . We also prove that A ( p q r ) = A ( p q s ) whenever s > q is a prime congruent to ± r ( mod p q ) .
The Effect of Indium Additions on Mg-Li and Mg-Li-Al Alloys

It is known that BCC Mg-Li alloys offer the opportunity to realize both high specific strength and good ductility in a light weight alloy. The commonest addition to this system is Al due to its solid solution-strengthening ability. This system is also known to precipitate a potent metastable phase that subsequently transitions to the equilibrium AlLi phase. There are other systems, Zn, Cd, and In, which are also known to precipitate a phase that is similar to the AlLi phase. Of these additions, the phase-evolution characteristics associated with adding In to Mg-Li and Mg-Li-Al alloys are largely unknown. This article seeks to understand the phase transformation, microstructural evolution, and mechanical behavior of In additions by systematically studying Mg-Li-In in contrast to Mg-Li-Al and Mg-Li-Al-In. This study represents an initial investigation of the Mg-Li-In system, while simultaneously determining Indium’s potential as a microalloying addition. It was found that in the compositional ranges under investigation, a metastable phase does form in each system, and at longer aging times, In3Li13 is found to precipitate. Commentary and insight are also provided with respect to precipitate nucleation and coarsening behavior.
Regional and racial disparities in asthma hospitalizations in Mississippi

Background In the United States, asthma hospitalization rates are disproportionately high among blacks compared with other racial/ethnic groups and vary by geographic region. These disparities among asthma hospitalizations might be affected by social, environmental, and health-care access factors. Objective To determine demographic risk factors for asthma hospitalizations in urban versus rural areas of Mississippi. Methods A cross-sectional study using data from the Mississippi Asthma Surveillance System was conducted to compare asthma hospitalizations in the urban Jackson metropolitan statistical area and rural Delta regions of Mississippi from 2003 to 2005. Factors including race, sex, age, and household income that might be associated with multiple hospitalizations for asthma (3 or more during the study period) were assessed using logistic regression. Results Asthma hospitalization rates were significantly higher among all demographic groups in the rural Delta region compared with the urban Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area ( P P P P Conclusion Blacks with asthma are more likely to have multiple asthma hospitalizations in Mississippi. Higher odds of multiple asthma discharges for Delta residents were not explained by race, sex, age, or income, indicating that other contributing factors (eg, environmental, social, and access to care factors) need further investigation.
A rapid method for preparing polymerized deoxyribonucleic acid from tissues, based on separation of nuclei.

Abstract A method for the isolation of fibrous DNA from tissues with low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios is described. This method is based on the actual removal of nuclei from ordinary tissues by controlled homogenization, and subsequent separation of the nuclei from their homogenates by adsorption. The DNA samples obtained appear to be free of significant contamination by protein, RNA, and inorganic salts, and their absorptive response to ultraviolet illumination under conditions of changing ionic strength indicates that they are highly polymerized. Complete isolation of DNA samples can be carried out in about an hour.
Nonperturbative interaction effects in the thermodynamics of disordered wires

We study nonperturbative interaction corrections to the thermodynamic quantities of multichannel disordered wires in the presence of the Coulomb interactions. Within the replica nonlinear $\ensuremath{\sigma}$-model $(\mathrm{NL}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{M})$ formalism, they arise from nonperturbative soliton saddle points of the $\mathrm{NL}\ensuremath{\sigma}\mathrm{M}$ action. The problem is reduced to evaluating the partition function of a replicated classical one-dimensional Coulomb gas. The state of the latter depends on two parameters: the number of transverse channels in the wire ${N}_{\mathit{ch}}$ and the dimensionless conductance $G({L}_{T})$ of a wire segment of length equal to the thermal diffusion length ${L}_{T}$. At relatively high temperatures, $G({L}_{T})\ensuremath{\gtrsim}\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{N}_{\mathit{ch}}$, the gas is dimerized, i.e., consists of bound neutral pairs. At lower temperatures, $\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{N}_{\mathit{ch}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}G({L}_{T})\ensuremath{\gtrsim}1$, the pairs overlap and form a Coulomb plasma. The crossover between the two regimes occurs at a parametrically large conductance $G({L}_{T})\ensuremath{\sim}\mathrm{ln}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{N}_{\mathit{ch}}$ and may be studied independently from the perturbative effects. Specializing on the high-temperature regime, we obtain the leading nonperturbative correction to the wire heat capacity. Its ratio to the heat capacity for noninteracting electrons, ${C}_{0}$, is $\ensuremath{\delta}C∕{C}_{0}\ensuremath{\sim}{N}_{\mathit{ch}}{G}^{2}({L}_{T}){e}^{\ensuremath{-}2G({L}_{T})}$.
A Novel Search Algorithm for Interactive Automated Conceptual Design Generator (ACDG)

Automated concept generation is non-trivial task. The complexity of this problem is mainly due to lack of formal representation frameworks that lend themselves easily to a computational approach. Generative grammar has emerged as a potential solution to this problem and presents a number of different possibilities for conceptual design automation. This paper presents a novel search method that has been developed specifically for search trees defined by a special class of generative grammar in which rules of the grammar have parameters associated with them. A novel feature of the proposed search is ‘Human in the loop’ approach in which learning about the search space is achieved by querying the user. The user fatigue restricts the maximum number of comparisons of candidate solutions (30–50). From the data gathered from the comparisons, a stochastic decision making process proposed in this paper quickly converges to a region of design space which best meet the user’s preference. The method is implemented and applied to a grammar for shampoo bottle concept generation. It is shown through multiple user-guided and automated experiments that the method has ability to learn and adopt through human computer interaction process. The implications of the proposed search method for automated conceptual design are expounded on in the conclusions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
On the hypertranscendence of meromorphic solutions of certain functional equations

This paper deals mainly with showing that meromorphic solutions of Poincare functional equations cannot satisfy algebraic differential equations. Results of this type for entire solutions have previously been obtained by H. Wittich.
Role Of Hydrogen And Hydrogen Complexes In Doping Of Gan

We have calculated electronic structure, energetics and migration for hydrogen and hydrogen complexes in GaN employing state-of-the-art first-principles calculations. Using these results in combination with previous detailed investigations about native defects we have calculated the concentration of hydrogen and dopants for different growth conditions. Our results reveal a fundamental difference in the behavior of hydrogen in p-type and n-type material. In particular, we explain why hydrogen has little effect on donor impurities and why H concentrations are low in n-type GaN. We discuss why hydrogen is beneficial for acceptor incorporation in GaN, and identify the limitations of this process.
Adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to nylon: modulation by prostacyclin (PGI2), corticosteroids, and complement activation

Effects of in vitro addition of prostacyclin (PGI2), hydrocortisone, and zymosan to plasma on adherence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) to nylon were investigated. PGI2, in nanogram concentrations, and hydrocortisone, in high concentrations, inhibited base-line adherence of PMNLs; zymosan-treated plasma augmented retention of PMNLs by nylon columns. Incubation of plasma with antiserum to C5, hydrocortisone, or PGI2 blocked zymosan-mediated effects. Prostaglandins (PGD2, PGE1, and PGF2 alpha) when added in votro did not alter base-line adherence. PMNLs obtained 4 hr after administration of oral prednisone to volunteers were partially resistant to effects of zymosan-activated plasma.
Stochastic Topology Optimization of Continuum Structure

By assuming that the random parameters of a continuum structure obey the normal distribution, this paper utilized “normrnd” function in Matlab software to generate pseudo random numbers, analyzed structural stress by using finite element method, conducted topology optimization by using k nearest neighbor (KNN) method, and as such, the continuum structure has been stochastic topology optimized. The paper put forward the concept of “stochastic topology optimization”. Numerical examples are given. The results show that the stochastic topology optimization of continuum structure with random parameters is necessary.
Stratification in Switchgrass Seeds Is Reversed and Hastened by Drying

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) seed dormancy is a major obstacle to successful establishment of this multi-purpose species. We have investigated the influences of prolonged stratification, poststratification drying, restratification, and afterripening on germinability of Cave-in-Rock' switchgrass seeds. Germination can be increased manyfold to ≥80% with 14 d of stratification, if the seeds are moved directly to germination without drying. However, we have found germinability (but not viability) may decrease by half or more if the stratified seeds are first dried and then rehydrated for germination testing. The reappearance of dormancy (secondary dormancy) during poststratification drying is herein called reversion. During poststratification drying, dormancy reversion increased as the degree of desiccation increased. Extended stratification (for ≥42 d) prevented reversion. Afterripening also reduced the potential for reversion. Stratification and afterripening appeared to work additively to remove revertibility. Restratifying dried seeds showed that, while a drying interruption caused reversion, it also decreased the dormancy variability within a seedlot and shortened the total stratification time needed to obtain maximum germination compared with continuous stratification. Switchgrass seeds can be moved toward greater germinability by stratification, but drying following insufficient stratification can lead to dormancy reversion.
Using the AS-1 Seismograph for Laboratory Exercises in an Introductory Geophysics Course: Turning Seismic Moments into Teachable Moments

At Boston College, we teach a two-semester, first-year sequence in geology and geophysics for our majors. The course is divided into two parts, with the first semester focusing on geology and the second semester focusing on geophysics. Recently, we have also added some environmental topics in these courses, particularly in the first semester. In this paper, we describe laboratory exercises given in the second semester that are based on seismograms recorded on an AS-1 seismograph operating at Boston College. These lab exercises use topics in seismology to bring research experiences into a first-year undergraduate course and invite the students to think critically about what they learn in the course. In our experiences with bringing seismographs into classrooms (at the high school, middle school, and undergraduate levels), we have found that what is often missing are exercises based on experiments that address real research questions. We have attempted to fill that gap with the lab exercises described in this paper. After a seismograph is successfully installed in a classroom, there is initial excitement over the fact that earthquakes from around the world are being recorded right in the classroom. At this point in the process, just the presence of an operating seismograph is, in itself, an enhancement to science education. At some point, however, this excitement fades, and the inevitable question arises, “OK, now that I have a seismograph in my classroom, what can I do with it (other than just watch it record earthquakes)?” One major challenge is that of fitting a real research investigation into the curriculum. In high schools and middle schools, teachers usually have a set amount of time allocated to cover seismology, and then they are required to move on to other topics. In an undergraduate lab that meets for, say, two hours per week and …
Characterization of the Lewis acid sites in zeolite HY with the probe molecule trimethylphosphine, and 31P/27Al double resonance NMR

Abstract 31P/27Al TRAPDOR NMR is used to probe the binding of trimethylphosphine on dehydroxylated zeolite HY. Three binding sites are observed at −150°C with 31P isotropic chemical shifts of −32, −46 and −60 ppm. Only the phosphine molecules resonating at −46 ppm show large TRAPDOR effects, demonstrating that these molecules are directly bound to the aluminum Lewis acid sites. The phosphine molecules giving rise to the resonance at −32 ppm are, however, the most strongly bound to zeolite; phosphines bound to the other two sites are mobile at room temperature.
Studies on the role of RNA and protein synthesis in the lipolytic action of growth hormone in isolated fat cells

The addition of small amounts of growth hormone (0.001 to 0.1 μg/ml) stimulated lipolysis in fat cells isolated from the parametrial adipose tissue of rats when glucocorticoid was present. The lipolytic action of growth hormone and glucocorticoid was slow in onset; no effect was seen until after 1 to 2 hr of incubation. This delayed effect was in marked contrast to the rapid stimulation of lipolysis by the other known lipolytic hormones. The lag period in the action of growth hormone and glucocorticoid appears to be related to some process stimulated by growth hormone rather than by glucocorticoid. If growth hormone was added at the start of the incubation period, it made little difference in either the onset or maximal stimulation of lipolysis over a 5-hr incubation period whether glucocorticoid was added at the start, 1 hr later or 2 hr later. However, if the glucocorticoid was added at the start and the addition of growth hormone delayed until 1 or 2 hr later, the onset of their lipolytic action was greatly retarded. The slow onset of the lipolytic action of growth hormone and glucocorticoids suggested that synthesis of protein or RNA might be required. Puromycin (10−4m) but not the aminonucleoside of puromycin (10−4m) blocked the acceleration of lipolysis by growth hormone and glucocorticoid. Cycloheximide also blocked the lipolytic effect of these hormones and the concentration of cycloheximide required to block the hormonal stimulation of lipolysis was similar to that required to inhibit protein synthesis. Actinomycin D abolished the lipolytic action of growth hormone and glucocorticoid at a concentration (10−7m) which inhibited the incorporation of labeled uridine into fat cell RNA by more than 95%. However, actinomycin D did not affect the acceleration of lipolysis by other lipolytic hormones such as epinephrine or ACTH. When actinomycin D was added 2 hr after growth hormone and glucocorticoid, it did not alter the lipolytic action of these hormones during the subsequent 2 hr. The present data suggest that the acceleration of lipolysis by growth hormone and glucocorticoids may involve DNA-dependent synthesis of RNA and that the lag period in the action of these hormones may be necessary for growth hormone to stimulate the synthesis of RNA and protein molecules.
Visualization of a phantom post-yield deformation process in cortical bone

A prominent opacity is evident in the process zone of notched thin wafers of bone loaded in tension. Being recoverable upon unloading, this opaque zone can be stained only when the sample is under load, unlike the classically reported forms of damage which take up the stain in the unloaded state. Furthermore, despite the stain uptake, microcracks are absent in the stained area examined by high magnification optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Therefore, the size scale and the electric charge of the features involved in the process zone were probed at the submicron level by using a wide range of fluorescent dyes of different molecular weights and charges. It was observed that negatively charged dyes penetrate the process zone and that dyes greater than 10 kDa (about 10-20 nm in size) were unable to label the process zone. Digital image correlation (DIC) measurements indicated that the opacity initiates at about 1% principal strain and the strain accumulates up to 14%. While the opacity was largely recoverable upon unloading, the core regions which experienced large strains had permanent residual strains up to 2%, indicating that the observed deformation phenomenon can be interlocked within bone matrix without the formation of microcracks. Based on the similarity of size and their known affinity for negatively charged species, exposure of mineral nanoplatelets is proposed as prime candidates. Therefore, the deformation process reported here may be associated with debonding of mineral crystals from the neighboring collagen molecules. Overall, post-yield deformation of bone at the micron scale takes place by large strain events which are accommodated in bone matrix by the generation of nanoscale positively charged interfaces.
An examination of factors contributing to student satisfaction in Armenian higher education

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors that affect student satisfaction in college environment in Armenian Higher Educational Institutions (AHEIs). Design/methodology/approach – This study used an ex-post facto, non-experimental approach to investigate factors that affected student satisfaction in college environment in AHEIs. Data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire from students in nine public and three private institutions located in different rural and urban areas of Armenia. The sample consisted of 372 respondents from 12 institutions that geographically covered the whole country in order to have a comparatively complete picture. Factors investigated in relation to student satisfaction included: demographics, faculty services, academic experience, students support facilities, campus life, and social integration. Findings – The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software was used to analyze the data. Results of ANOVA indicated significant main effects f...
Enzymic mechanism of starch synthesis in glutinous rice grains

Abstract Although a considerable amount of evidence has been accumulated showing the important role of ADPG in the biosynthesis of starch in various plant organs ( De Fekete and Cardini, 1964 ; Murata et al ., 1964 b ), the enzymic mechanism of starch formation in the grains of glutinous (waxy) varieties of the cereal grains has remained obscure. Nelson and Rines (1962) reported the absence of UDPG-starch transglucoyslase in starch granules prepared from waxy maize seeds, and proposed a different pathway of amylopectin biosynthesis from that of amylose. Recently, Nelson and Tsai (1964) obtained a piece of evidence that ADPG-starch transglucosylase in waxy maize is localized in the starch granules derived from embryo and maternal tissues, but not in the endosperm, which is the principal site of starch synthesis in the seed. They found that the transglucosylase activity of waxy maize is about one tenth of the magnitude of that of non-waxy maize and essentially all of its activity can be accounted for by the starch granules present in the sporophytic tissues. The lower transglucosylase activity of waxy maize has been observed by Frydman (1963) .
W.E.B. Du Bois and Black Heterogeneity: How The Philadelphia Negro Shaped American Sociology

Published in 1899, The Philadelphia Negro provides an important template to examine both the use and promise of heterogeneity as one of the earliest pillars in the establishment of American sociology. In this paper, I locate the notion of heterogeneity within W.E.B. Du Bois’s classic The Philadelphia Negro to demonstrate both the historical roots of the concept and also Du Bois’s use of the concept as key to his production of new sociological knowledge. As will be shown, Du Bois explicitly and implicitly disrupts existing notions of heterogeneity and of a monolithic Black population by emphasizing the intraracial variation thereof; thus Du Bois’s The Philadelphia Negro intervention amplifies the role of heterogeneity as a tool for uncovering variation that produces incisive sociological theorization and analysis.
Evolution of a natural debris flow: In situ measurements of flow dynamics, video imagery, and terrestrial laser scanning

Many theoretical and laboratory studies have been undertaken to understand debris-flow processes and their associated hazards. However, complete and quantitative data sets from natural debris flows needed for confirmation of these results are limited. We used a novel combination of in situ measurements of debris-flow dynamics, video imagery, and pre- and postflow 2-cm-resolution digital terrain models to study a natural debris-flow event. Our field data constrain the initial and final reach morphology and key flow dynamics. The observed event consisted of multiple surges, each with clear variation of flow properties along the length of the surge. Steep, highly resistant, surge fronts of coarse-grained material without measurable pore-fluid pressure were pushed along by relatively fine-grained and water-rich tails that had a wide range of pore-fluid pressures (some two times greater than hydrostatic). Surges with larger nonequilibrium pore-fluid pressures had longer travel distances. A wide range of travel distances from different surges of similar size indicates that dynamic flow properties are of equal or greater importance than channel properties in determining where a particular surge will stop. Progressive vertical accretion of multiple surges generated the total thickness of mapped debris-flow deposits; nevertheless, deposits had massive, vertically unstratified sedimentological textures.