cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disrupted retinal development in the embryonic belly spot and tail mutant mouse.

The Belly spot and tail (Bst) semidominant mutation, mapped to mouse Chromosome 16, leads to developmental defects of the eye, skeleton, and coat pigmentation. In the eye, the mutant phenotype is characterized by the presence of retinal colobomas, a paucity of retinal ganglion cells, and axon misrouting. The severity of defects in the Bst/+ retina is variable among individuals and is often asymmetric. In order to determine the role of the Bst locus during retinal morphogenesis, we searched for the earliest observable defects in the developing eye. We examined the retinas of Bst/+ and +/+ littermates from embryonic day 9.5 (E9.5) through E13.5 and measured retinal size, cell density, cell death, mitotic index, and cell birth index. We have found that development of the Bst/+ retina is notably dilatory by as early as E10.5. The affected retinas are smaller than their wildtype counterparts, and optic fissure fusion is delayed. In the mutant, there is a marked lag in the exit of retinal cells from the mitotic cycle, even though there are no observable differences in the rate of cellular proliferation or cell death between the two groups. We hypothesize that Bst regulates retinal cell differentiation and that variability of structural defects in the mutant, such as those affecting optic fissure fusion, is a reflection of the extent of developmental delay brought about by the Bst mutation.
The role of bladder afferent pathways in bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical administration of nerve growth factor

Purpose: Interstitial cystitis, a chronic disease of the bladder, is characterized by urinary frequency, urgency and suprapubic pain. Nerve growth factor is a substance that may sensitize afferent nerves and induce bladder hyperactivity. It is often increased in the urine of patients with interstitial cystitis. We evaluated the role of Aδ and C fiber afferents in the type of bladder hyperactivity induced by the intravesical administration of nerve growth factor.Materials and Methods: A total of 22 Wistar and 8 Sprague-Dawley adult female rats were anesthetized with 1.2 gm./kg. urethane given subcutaneously. A transurethral catheter was inserted into the bladder. Some animals were pretreated with 125 mg./kg. capsaicin injected subcutaneously 4 days before nerve growth factor administration. Cystometry was performed by slowly filling the bladder at a rate of 0.04 ml. per minute for 15 minutes with a volume of up to 0.6 ml. Parameters measured included volume threshold and pressure threshold for inducing the...
Differences between calcium channel inhibitors in their effects on phencyclidine-induced behavioral stimulation in mice

Sixteen calcium channel inhibitors (CCI's) were tested in a model utilizing phencyclidine (PCP)-induced behavioral stimulation in mice. There were marked differences in the effects of CCI's both within subclasses and between subclasses of CCI's. All of the dihydropyridines and possibly flunarizine were effective in blocking PCP-induced behavioral stimulation. Papaverine derivatives, including verapamil, and several other CCI's, were ineffective.
Variance estimators in the chu‐white test for structural change

In this paper, we consider the Chu‐White test for a change in the trend parameter in a simple linear regression model with correlated errors. Chu‐White test requires a consistent estimator of the error variance. The main goal of this paper is to study the choice of the variance estimates. We consider several variance estimators and study the power of the Chu‐White test under different choices of the variance estimators.
Identical laryngeal cancers in two nontwin sibling pairs: Case reports and a review of the literature

The occurrence of identical laryngeal cancers in two nontwin sibling pairs is reported for the first time. To understand the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of laryngeal cancer, the evidence in the literature for the development of identical cancers in genetically unrelated and related pairs sharing the same environments was examined.
The Effect of Pressure on the Electrical Conductivities of the Alkalies

The observed effects of pressure on the resistance of lithium and of sodium are explained by taking into account the change of binding of the conduction electrons of these metals with pressure. A method of interpreting the experimental results is given and it is shown that from the theoretical calculations of Slater and of Millman one can predict the observed behavior of these metals. Thus no special assumptions are necessary to explain the "abnormal" behavior of lithium.
μ-Oxo-bis[(2,3,12,13-tetrabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)-iron(III)] bis(dichloromethane) solvate

The precise structure of the title compound, [Fe(2)O(C(44)H(24)Br(4)N(4))(2)].2CH(2)Cl(2), is reported. The Fe-N distances are non-equivalent in pairs because of the asymmetric peripheral substitution; the values are 2.098 A to the brominated rings and 2.041 A to the other two rings. The Fe-O bond distance is 1.7583 (4) A. The molecule has required twofold symmetry so that there is one unique porphyrin macrocycle and one Fe-O bond length in contrast to a previous report on the same species.
Noisy quantum Parrondo games

Alternating two fair coin flipping games can create a winning game. Such a Parrondo game is a discrete model for a thermal ratchet. Recently we have constructed quantum versions of these coin flipping games that display the same 'paradoxical' behavior. In this paper we add noise to these quantum Parrondo games in order that they can be compared with continuum models of quantum ratchets. Simulation of these models reproduces one of the most interesting features of quantum ratchets: current inversion.
Thermodynamic properties of sweetpotato

Abstract The equilibrium moisture sorption isotherms of sweetpotato at temperatures of 5–50 °C and moisture content range of 8–30% (d.b.) were determined by means of a water activity meter. Out of the four equilibrium sorption models that were evaluated, the Hasley equation gave the best fit to the sorption data. The Hasley equation was further used to estimate the thermodynamic functions (heat of vaporization, differential entropy, enthalpy–entropy compensation, net integral enthalpy and entropy) of sweetpotato. The heat of vaporization and the differential entropy decreased with moisture in an exponential fashion. The maximum net integral enthalpy and the minimum net integral entropy were respectively obtained to be 418.94 kJ/kg and −1.13 kJ/kg K.
Compressibility Effects on Turbulence Growth in High-Speed Shear Flows

Compressibility effects on the evolution of turbulence are obtained from direct numerical simulation of homogeneous shear flow. It is found that when the gradient Mach number - a parameter based on the mean shear rate, integral length scale and speed of sound - increases, the growth of turbulent kinetic energy is inhibited. The reduced ‘efficiency’ of production is shown to lead to the inhibited growth of turbulent kinetic energy. Implications for inhomogeneous shear flows are discussed.
Vasopressin affects adenylate cyclase activity in rat brain: A possible neuromodulator

Abstract The effect of vasopressin on adenylate cyclase activity was measured in the homogenates of selected rat brain regions. Adenylate cyclase activity in homogenate of the caudate nucleus did not change significatly with various concentrations of vasopressin. Furthermore, vasopressin did not reliably alter adenylate cyclase activity in various brain regions. Vasopressin in low concentrations significantly enhanced the activation of caudate adenylate cyclase activity by dopamine. This effect of vasopressin was dose dependent. Maximal enhancement by vasopressin occurred at 100 μM vasopressin. These results indicate that vasopressin may not have a direct effect on brain adenylate cyclase activity but appears to modulate the action of dopamine on brain adenylate cyclase.
Identification and expression of a cDNA encoding cystathionine γ-synthase in soybean

Methionine is one of the essential amino acids that are synthesized in low amounts in seeds of many agronomically important crop plants such as soybean. Cystathionine-γ-synthase (CS; EC 4.2.99.9) is the branch point enzyme leading to methionine synthesis. We isolated a 1023 nucleotide cDNA-encoding soybean CS from a leaf cDNA library using a 672-nucleotide Arabidopsis cDNA probe. The complete cDNA contains a single open reading frame of 1608 bp that encodes a 536 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 58 090 Da. The amino terminal portion of the deduced amino acid sequence is rich in threonine and serine, suggesting the presence of a chloroplast transit peptide (155 amino acids). The soybean CS amino acid sequence shares sequence identity with several CS proteins, Arabidopsis thaliana, Z. mays, M. crystallium, and Escherichia coli. The coding region minus the transit peptide was cloned in-frame into pUC18. This construct was used to transform and complement an E. coli methionine auxotroph, AB301. Northern analysis revealed that a 1.9 kb soybean CS mRNA was expressed at the highest level in 8-day light-grown cotyledons and the lowest level in 8-day dark-grown leaves. Southern analysis suggests that the multiple banding patterns may be indicative of several restriction sites within the genomic sequence or CS may be part of a small gene family.
Level structure of 205Tl observed in (p, p′) and (p, α) reactions

Abstract A number of new levels in 205 Tl have been observed in the 208 Pb(p, α) 205 Tl and 205 Tl(p, p′) 205 Tl reactions. The spectra observed in these reactions are very different from each other, and from spectra previously observed in the 206 Pb(t, α) 205 Tl and 205 Tl(γ,γ′) 205 Tl reactions. Values of G L (reduced transition probability in single-particle units) have been deduced from the (p, p′) data; they are in fair agreement with the predictions of the intermediate-coupling model.
In vitro efficacy of ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, foscarnet, idoxuridine, and acyclovir against feline herpesvirus type-1.

Objective—To establish the in vitro efficacy of 4 novel drugs (ie, ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, and foscarnet) against feline herpesvirus type-1 (FHV-1) and compare their antiviral efficacy with that of acyclovir and idoxuridine. Sample Population—Cultured Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells and FHV-1 strain 727. Procedure—For each drug, antiviral effect was estimated by use of conventional plaque-reduction assays, and inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50; drug concentration at which plaque numbers were reduced by 50% relative to the number of plaques for nontreated control wells) was calculated. To determine whether observed antiviral effects were related to alterations in the number or viability of CRFK cells, cytotoxicity assays were performed at 1, 2, and 10 times the median IC50 for each antiviral drug. Results—Median IC50 for each drug was as follows: ganciclovir, 5.2µM; cidofovir, 11.0µM; penciclovir, 13.9µM; foscarnet, 232.9µM; idoxuridine, 4.3µM; and acyclovir, 57.9µM. Obvious changes ...
Plasma membrane phospholipid and sterol synthesis in soybean hypocotyl segments undergoing auxin-induced elongation

Auxin-induced cell elongation necessitates plasma membrane enlargement. The effect of auxin (10 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) treatment on amount, composition, and rate of synthesis of plasma membrane lipids was examined. Auxin-treated and control soybean (Glycine max L.) hypocotyl segments were incubated with [14C]acetate for times ranging from 0.5 to 18 h, prior to isolation of plasma membrane by aqueous two-phase partitioning. The composition of individual plasma membrane lipids in elongating segments did not differ from the composition in treatment time-matched control segments, except that after longer auxin treatments, phospholipids had more unsaturated fatty acids. Plasma membrane phospholipid and free sterol content both increased in elongating segments. The relative proportion of sterols and phospholipids in the plasma membrane primarily depended on time after segment excision, for both auxin-treated and control segments. Auxin enhanced the rate of lipid incorporation into the plasma membrane by 6 h, and stimulated the synthesis of some phospholipids and sterols.
Development of thick gold targets for the production of radioactive beams of francium

Abstract The development of thick gold targets for the production of radioactive beams of Fr + is discussed. In order that the Fr + ions, created within the target, be released, the gold must be elevated in temperature to just below its melting point. Several different designs and production processes are compared and contrasted to determine how to create a robust target capable of producing the greatest abundance of Fr + ions.
New Connections Between String Theories

We consider the R→0 limit of toroidal compactification in various string theories. This leads to new connections between seemingly different string theories: IIA and IIB, open and closed, oriented and unoriented. We also find two new extended objects which can couple consistently to strings: the Dirichlet-brane and the orientifold plane.
Multimedia Databases and Data Management: A Survey

The exponential growth of the technological advancements has resulted in high-resolution devices, such as digital cameras, scanners, monitors, and printers, which enable the capturing and displaying of multimedia data in high-density storage devices. Furthermore, more and more applications need to live with multimedia data. However, the gap between the characteristics of various media types and the application requirements has created the need to develop advanced techniques for multimedia data management and the extraction of relevant information from multimedia databases. Though many research efforts have been devoted to the areas of multimedia databases and data management, it is still far from maturity. The purpose of this article is to discuss how the existing techniques, methodologies, and tools addressed relevant issues and challenges to enable a better understanding in multimedia databases and data management. The focuses include: 1 how to develop a formal structure that can be used to capture the distinguishing content of the media data in a multimedia database MMDB and to form an abstract space for the data to be queried; 2 how to develop advanced content analysis and retrieval techniques that can be used to bridge the gaps between the semantic meaning and low-level media characteristics to improve multimedia information retrieval; and 3 how to develop query mechanisms that can handle complex spatial, temporal, and/or spatio-temporal relationships of multimedia data to answer the imprecise and incomplete queries issued to an MMDB.
The effects of instructional variables on young children's organization and free recall

Abstract The relationship between verbal instruction and children's free recall was examined. Sixty first-grade children (mean age 84 months) were trained to categorize pictures of common objects. Half were given organizational instructions emphasizing categorization, and half were given instructions emphasizing the individual objects. Similarly, half were given detailed verbal instructions and encouraged to listen, and half were taught using a question type format that encouraged participation. Immediately and after a 2- to 3-week delay, children who were shown an organizational strategy categorized the materials during study and attained higher recall scores than children who were shown a specific strategy. After the 2- to 3-week delay, children in the explanation groups out-performed children in the question-asking groups. The child's competence as measured by intelligence and performance in school did not contribute to amount recalled when subjects were given instructions emphasizing the general strategy. However, children of high competence benefited more from specific training by recalling more items than did children of low competence. These findings point to the importance of instructional variables in studying changes in children's processing capabilities.
Fluorescence lifetime microscopy with a time- and space-resolved single-photon counting detector

We have recently developed a wide-field photon-counting detector (the H33D detector) having high-temporal and high-spatial resolutions and capable of recording up to 500,000 photons per sec. Its temporal performance has been previously characterized using solutions of fluorescent materials with different lifetimes, and its spatial resolution using sub-diffraction objects (beads and quantum dots). Here we show its application to fluorescence lifetime imaging of live cells and compare its performance to a scanning confocal TCSPC approach. With the expected improvements in photocathode sensitivity and increase in detector throughput, this technology appears as a promising alternative to the current lifetime imaging solutions.
Web 2.0 semantic systems: collaborative learning in science

The basic goal of education within a discipline is to transform a novice into an expert. This entails moving the novice toward the "semantic space" that the expert inhabits---the space of concepts, meanings, vocabularies, and other intellectual constructs that comprise the discipline.
Sensitivity of Var compensation economic benefits considering generator marginal cost

The natural gas price surged in 2004. As a result, the marginal cost of some generators burning gas also rose sharply. This paper is in response to the sharp increase in gas price and the corresponding generator marginal cost. This paper will first investigate the benefits of Var compensation including reduced losses (B1), shifting reactive power flow to real power flow (B2), and increased transfer capability (B3). Then, an OPF-based quantitative approach is used to assess the three benefits. Finally, the scheme of Var economic benefits sensitivity analysis to generator marginal cost is proposed. Tests are conducted on a system with seven buses in two areas. The simulation results show that a positive relationship exists between the generator marginal cost in the load center and the Var economic benefits, and a negative relationship exists between the generator marginal cost in the generation center and the Var economic benefits.
A software defined radar system for joint communication and sensing

In this paper, we consider the theory and implementation of a joint radar-communication system. A radar-software library compatible with Texas Instruments (TI's) small form factor software defined radio (SDR) platform is developed which allows users to implement real-time adaptive radar algorithms in MATLAB without requiring detailed knowledge of the inner workings of the SDR. As an example design and demonstration of the capabilities of the radar-software library, a joint radar-communication system has been implemented. The system uses wideband digital communication signals to simultaneously interrogate a scene as a radar while communicating range-Doppler maps resulting from previous interrogations. This combined system eliminates the need for separate hardware for communicating recorded radar returns to a base station. We study digital communication waveforms under the performance criteria of a radar waveform.
Self-Governance Through Group Discussion in Wikipedia: Measuring Deliberation in Online Groups

Virtual teams and other online groups can find it challenging to establish norms that allow them to effectively balance task and relational aspects of their discussions. Yet, in our reliance on org...
Parallelization of the NAS Conjugate Gradient benchmark using the global arrays shared memory programming model

The NAS Conjugate Gradient (CG) benchmark is an important scientific kernel used to evaluate machine performance and compare characteristics of different programming models. Global Arrays (GA) toolkit supports a shared memory programming paradigm and offers the programmer control over the distribution and locality that are important for optimizing performance on scalable architectures. In this paper, we describe and compare two different parallelization strategies of the CG benchmark using GA and report performance results on a shared-memory system as well as on a cluster. Performance benefits of using shared memory for irregular/sparse computations have been demonstrated before in the context of the CG benchmark using OpenMP. Similarly, the GA implementation outperforms the standard MPI implementation on shared memory system, in our case the SGI Altix. However, with GA these benefits are extended to distributed memory systems and demonstrated on a Linux cluster with Myrinet.
The High-energy transport code HETC88 and comparisons with experimental data

Abstract An upgraded version, HETC88, of the previously available high-energy transport code HETC is briefly described. In the upgraded code, the particle production model from hadron-nucleus nonelastic collisions at energies greater than 5 GeV has been revised. At nucleon and pion energies below 5 GeV, HETC88 is not different from the code previously available. In particular, provision is still made to allow neutrons with energies ≤ 20 MeV to be transported by one of the many available codes designed for low-energy neutron transport. Calculated results for 29.4 GeV protons incident on a large iron-air target are presented and compared with experimental data and with results obtained with the Monte Carlo code FLUKA87. Calculated results are also presented and compared with experimental data for 300 GeV protons incident on targets of iron-film and lead-film. For 20 TeV protons incident on a large cylindrical target, calculated “star-density” results from HETC88, FLUKA87, CASIM, and MAR110 are also compared.
Basal Heat Production in Hypogonadism in Men and Its Increase by Protracted Treatment with Testosterone Propionate

IN SEVERAL STUDIES during the past two years we have recorded slight but consistent increases in the basal metabolic rates of eunuchoids treated with testosterone propionate (1, 2, 3). This effect has paralleled other and often more striking metabolic events such as gain in weight, reduction in urinary excretion of sodium, chloride, potassium, inorganic phosphorus, water, total nitrogen and creatine (2, 3) and increased urinary excretion of androgens and estrogens (4). In 5 brief experiments on 4 hospitalised patients, with treatment lasting from 9 to 14 days, heat production, expressed in total Calories per hour exceeded base line levels by 8 to 9% in all instances save one in which the excess was 14% (2, 3). A 5th patient (H.S.) who differed from the others in having a gross demonstrable pituitary lesion showed no such response to the androgen (2). The heat production of one eunuchoid (N.T.) treated in the outpatient department showed no change during the first 10 days of treatment but increased 19% by ...
Administration of a PPARα agonist increases serum apolipoprotein A-V levels and the apolipoprotein A-V/apolipoprotein C-III ratio

Apolipoprotein A-V (apoA-V) first gained atten- tion as a regulator of triglycerides through transgenic mouse studies. Furthermore, peroxisome proliferator-activated re- ceptor � (PPAR � ) agonists such as fenofibrate increase apoA-V mRNA expression. Our group recently developed the first assay to quantitate serum apoA-V levels. Therefore, we sought to determine whether administration of a PPAR � agonist would increase circulating apoA-V. Cynomolgus mon- keys were dosed for 14 days with 0.3 mg/kg/day LY570977 l -lysine, a potent and selective PPARagonist. Blood sam- ples were drawn throughout the treatment period and af- ter a 2 week washout. Administration of the PPARagonist caused a 50% decrease in triglycerides that reversed at wash- out. Serum apoA-V concentrations increased 2-fold, correlated inversely with triglycerides, and were reversible at washout. The apoA-V/apoC-III ratio increased � 2-fold, with this in- crease also reversible at washout. These data demonstrate for the first time that a PPARagonist increases circulat- ing apoA-V protein levels and the apoA-V/apoC-III ratio. — Schultze, A. E., W. E. Alborn, R. K. Newton, and R. J. Konrad. Administration of a PPARagonist increases serum apo- lipoprotein A-V levels and the apolipoprotein A-V/apolipo- protein C-III ratio. J. Lipid Res. 2005. 46: 1591-1595.
Equivalence of multiwave coupled-wave theory and modal theory for periodic-media diffraction

The equivalence of generalized multiwave coupled-wave theory and rigorous modal theory for describing diffraction by volume periodic structures is established. The detailed connection between these theories is presented. The coupled-wave approach, which provides simple formulation and good physical insight, may thus also be used to obtain exact results.
Hyperosmolality dilates rat skeletal muscle arterioles: role of endothelial KATP channels and daily exercise

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying arteriolar responses to hyperosmolality and to determine the effects of daily exercise on this response. Dilator responses were...
Low Voltage Analogue Multiplier

With the reduction in supply voltages in order to minimize power dissipation, arises the need for a low voltage analogue multiplier. Developed is a multiplier that operates at as low a voltage as that required to bias a single n-MOS transistor by utilizing CMOS, as against the conventional multipliers which use either n-MOS or p-MOS transistor in the core. Moreover, in contrast to the open loop implementations of the prevalent multipliers, the proposed multiplier incorporates a negative feedback loop within the core circuitry, the main import being that the poles of the system can be made a complex conjugate pair located anywhere in the left half of the s plane, making the multiplier suitable for wide-band or high speed applications in the field of communications. The canonic structure of the proposed multiplier further enhances the speed of the circuit.
DAF-16 Target Genes That Control C. elegans Life-Span and Metabolism

Signaling from the DAF-2/insulin receptor to the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor controls longevity, metabolism, and development in disparate phyla. To identify genes that mediate the conserved biological outputs of daf-2/insulin-like signaling, we used comparative genomics to identify 17 orthologous genes from Caenorhabditis and Drosophila, each of which bears a DAF-16 binding site in the promoter region. One-third of these DAF-16 downstream candidate genes were regulated by daf-2/insulin-like signaling in C. elegans, and RNA interference inactivation of the candidates showed that many of these genes mediate distinct aspects of daf-16 function, including longevity, metabolism, and development.
Dynamical effects of antiepileptic drugs on neurons affect network synchronizability

Epilepsy is characterized by periods of excessive neuronal activity called seizures. While much is known about population behaviors of neurons during seizures, as measured by EEG electrodes, very little is known about the activity at the cellular level. The etiology of the disease can often be traced to specific mutations in particular ion channels [1]. These same ion channels are often the targets of antiepileptic drugs. Bridging the molecular scale causes and treatment of epilepsy to the network scale phenotype is a multi-scale problem that needs to be solved in order to develop more rational approaches to treating epilepsy. Our research seeks to understand the basic mechanisms of epilepsy by understanding how network synchrony is affected by molecular level changes caused by epileptogenic mutations and antiepileptic drugs. Our approach is guided by experimental evidence, in a rat model of epilepsy, indicating that synchrony in the network changes over the different phases of the seizure [2]. Changes in synchrony may hold a key to understanding the causes and developing novel treatments for epilepsy. However, why synchrony changes during a seizure is still a mystery. To better understand how neurons synchronize, we use pulse coupled oscillator theory [3]. The dynamics of the neuron are reduced to a simple input-output relationship, measuring how synaptic inputs applied at different phases of a periodically firing neuron advances or delays the spike, resulting in a Phase-Response Curve (PRC). From the measured PRC, it is possible to predict how a network of neurons will synchronize [4,5]. We then measure how epileptogenic mutations and antiepileptic drugs affect the neuron’s PRC to infer how it changes the synchronizability of the network. By measuring the effects of these changes at the molecular level we know causes epilepsy, we can bridge the effect to a population. Computational simulations and in vitro experiments measuring PRCs from neurons will be presented. We find that epileptogenic mutations in voltage gated sodium channels and potassium channels affect the neurons’ PRCs to increase network synchrony while antiepileptic drugs decrease synchrony. We hypothesize that while many antiepileptic drugs have very different mechanisms of action, their common feature may be that they decrease network synchrony.
Evaluation of Factors Associated with Increased Dairy Cow Mortality on United States Dairy Operations

Dairy cow mortality is an increasingly severe problem for the US dairy industry. The objective of this study was to examine a variety of herd management practices and herd characteristics to identify factors associated with increased cow mortality in US dairy herds. The National Animal Health Monitoring System's Dairy 2002 study surveyed dairy operations in 21 major dairy states. The complete data set included results from 953 dairy farms with a minimum of 30 dairy cows per farm. Associations between dairy cow mortality and 119 a priori-selected management practices or characteristics of 953 operations were evaluated. Eighty of the 119 risk factors explored in a univariate analysis met initial inclusion criteria for further evaluation of association with dairy cow mortality. A multivariable analysis was conducted to explore more complex relationships. The final multivariable model included 7 representative variables: herd levels of respiratory disease, lameness, and antibiotic use for treating sick cows, the percentage of culled cows less than 50 d in milk, the average calving interval, the use of a total mixed ration, and the region of the country. Increased odds of a greater level of mortality on farms was associated with greater percentages of lameness, respiratory disease, and sick cows treated with antibiotics, demonstrating the influence of physical derangements and disease on dairy cow mortality. Increased odds of a greater level of mortality was also associated with feeding a total mixed ration, culling fewer cows in early lactation, and herds located in western, midwestern, and southeastern regions relative to the northeastern United States, pointing to the importance of management decisions and operation characteristics on mortality outcomes. Further, an important interplay between facets of health and management on dairy cow mortality was suggested through the inclusion of the calving interval, with a longer calving interval leading to increased odds of a greater level of mortality on farms. Analysis of a variety of herd characteristics and practices with nationally representative data suggests that several health problems in tandem with aspects of operational construct and management are associated with increasing mortality.
A Review of J. B. Fischer von Erlach: Architecture as Theater in the Baroque Era

What do we mean when we speak of the “theatricality” of Baroque architecture? A reputation for exceptional performative agency grants building from this era a privileged role in broader discourses about art’s capacity to embody spectacle, but the operations and implications of this historical phenomenon are not always clear. Caroline van Eck has recently argued that studies on art and theatricality in the early modern period have either accounted for concrete instances of exchange between visual arts and the theater or highlighted works’ aptitude for structuring affecting scenarios. In J.B. Fischer von Erlach: Architecture as Theater in the Baroque Era , Esther Dotson reconciles the two interests.
Event‐Related Potentials Elicited by Deviant Endings to Melodies

Event-related potentials were recorded from scalp electrodes while subjects listened to well-known melodies. The melodies ended either with the expected note or with a different note. This design was a nonlinguistic analogue of the design used by Kutas and Hillyard (1980b), who first reported that anomalous terminal words in sentences elicited N400 potentials. However, Besson and Macar (1987) reported that deviant terminal notes in melodies did not elicit N400 potentials. In the present study, additional time was allowed for expectations to develop for the terminal note. Deviant terminal notes did not elicit N400s. In both studies, however, the deviant notes elicited P300-like waves. This outcome raised the possibility that N400 might have been masked by the positive potential. In a second condition in which P300 amplitude was minimized, N400s were again not evident. These results thus illustrate two additional situations in which nonlinguistic stimuli that deviated from a sequential pattern failed to elicit N400 potentials.
Persistent stimulation of photosynthesis by elevated CO2 in a sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) forest stand

Summary • The photosynthetic response of trees to rising CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) can be affected by plant source–sink relations, in addition to seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Characterization of biochemical and morphological feedbacks is important for understanding ecosystem responses to elevated atmospheric [CO2]. • The seasonal responses of leaf gas exchange and related biochemical parameters were measured during 3 yrs of exposure on established plantation sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) trees at a Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) facility in eastern Tennessee, USA. • Net photosynthetic rates (Agrowth) of upper-canopy leaves were 44% higher in trees grown in elevated [CO2] compared with ambient [CO2] over the 3-yr period. There were no significant CO2 treatment effects on photosynthetic or biochemical capacity (i.e. no change in Amax, Vcmax or Jmax) of L. styraciflua leaves, despite increased area-based leaf sugar (10%) and starch content (27%), and reduced mass-based leaf nitrogen concentration (NM; 10%). • These results suggest that established L. styraciflua trees in closed-canopy forests might exhibit a long-term positive response to elevated [CO2] without reductions in photosynthetic capacity.
“Forgiveness Isn't a Simple Process: It's a Vast Undertaking”: Negotiating and Communicating Forgiveness in Nonvoluntary Family Relationships

This study examined the ways in which individuals communicatively negotiate the process of forgiveness in nonvoluntary (family) relationships. Drawing from relational dialectics theory (RDT) as well as other dialogic perspectives on forgiveness (e.g., Waldron & Kelley, 2008), we examined the complexity of communicating forgiveness in nonvoluntary relationships. Participants' experiences supported the idea that forgiveness is an ongoing process of communicative negotiations between and among family members. Consistent with previous research, participants also noted that they generally did not explicitly verbalize forgiveness of a family member. Ultimately, the degree to which participants judged their forgiveness as successful often depended on whether the hurtful situation or forgiveness itself was centered in the family relationship. Furthering our understanding of communicating forgiveness in nonvoluntary relationships expands our perspective on the complex nature of families.
Sterol composition of Pneumocystis jirovecii with blocked 14alpha-demethylase activity.

Abstract Several drugs that interact with membrane sterols or inhibit their syntheses are effective in clearing a number of fungal infections. The AIDS-associated lung infection caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii is not cleared by many of these therapies. Pneumocystis normally synthesizes distinct C28 and C29 24-alkylsterols, but ergosterol, the major fungal sterol, is not among them. Two distinct sterol compositional phenotypes were previously observed in P. jirovecii. One was characterized by Δ7 C28 and C29 24-alkylsterols with only low proportions of higher molecular mass components. In contrast, the other type was dominated by high C31 and C32 24-alkylsterols, especially pneumocysterol. In the present study, 28 molecular species were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of a human lung specimen containing P. jirovecii representing the latter sterol profile phenotype. Fifteen of the 28 had the methyl group at C-14 of the sterol nucleus and these represented 96% of the total sterol mass in th...
Molecular Architecture of the Blood Brain Barrier Tight Junction Proteins-A Synergistic Computational and in Vitro Approach

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) constituted by claudin-5 tight junctions is critical in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system, but this highly selective molecular interface is an impediment for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. Therapeutic strategies that can exploit the paracellular transport remain elusive due to lack of molecular insights of the tight junction assembly. This study focuses on analyzing the membrane driven cis interactions of claudin-5 proteins in the formation of the BBB tight junctions. We have adopted a synergistic approach employing in silico multiscale dynamics and in vitro cross-linking experiments to study the claudin-5 interactions. Long time scale simulations of claudin-5 monomers, in seven different lipid compositions, show formation of cis dimers that subsequently aggregate into strands. In vitro formaldehyde cross-linking studies also conclusively show that cis-interacting claudin-5 dimers cross-link with short methyle...
Altered lipid metabolism influences course of hepatitis C virus infection and hepatocyte cytokine production (VIR1P.1011)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is remarkably efficient in establishing persistent infection leading to the development of chronic inflammatory liver diseases. Lipids play a central role in regulating inflammatory responses and are necessary for the replication and assembly of HCV. Fatty acids are the building blocks of lipids and are synthesized via a rate-limiting step catalyzed by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). To determine the role of lipid synthesis in regulating innate inflammatory responses and HCV biogenesis, we examined the effect of ACC inhibition on HCV replication and cytokine production. Inhibition of ACC decreases intracellular viral RNA in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with JFH-1, a genotype 2a strain of HCV. Surprisingly, ACC inhibition slightly decreases IL-1β transcription and results in comparable production of IL-8, IL-13, and IP-10 in HCV-infected hepatocytes relative to vehicle controls. Further studies using electron and fluorescent microscopy demonstrate a reduction in the number of lipid droplets, which was accompanied by an accumulation of viral protein. These data highlight the paradoxical immune response of HCV-infected hepatocytes, where the continued accumulation of viral antigen fails to stimulate synthesis of inflammatory cytokines. The potential role of lipids in dampening immune responses in HCV-infected hepatocytes may provide an important link between host factors driving infection and suppression of immune responses in chronic infection.
Content‐Based Retrieval of Videos

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background and Related Works Proposed CBVR Framework Conclusion References
Plotselinge dood na extractie

Beste collega, Graag wil ik uw advies vragen over de volgende casus. Het betreft een patiente van 73 jaar oud. Zij kwam bij mij als nieuwe patient eind maart van dit jaar en had nog een restdentitie vol met apicale problemen. De medische anamnesevragenlijst heb ik bij dit bezoek meegegeven, alsmede een verzoek om de medicatielijst van mevrouw. De medicatielijst heb ik vlak voor het 2e bezoek ontvangen, de medische vragenlijst had zij nog niet ingevuld. Deze zou nog volgen. Ik heb dus alleen de belangrijkste vragen gesteld, mede afhankelijk van de medicatie die mevrouw gebruikte. (zie bijlage). In haar medische voorgeschiedenis zaten 4 herseninfarcten (hiervoor bloedverdunning ascal) maar op het moment was het rustig. Zij wilde de restdentitie nog niet geextraheerd hebben, want zij had volgens zeggen, geen klachten. Er is haar wel verteld dat dit niet goed voor de gezondheid was. Drie weken later belt ze ‘s morgens op met een dikke wang rechtsboven (geen koorts), afkomstig van element 13 (erg percussiegevoelig) ontstaan in de nacht hiervoor. Ik vraag haar naar de praktijk te komen. Op de OPT die ik neem lijkt de 13 apicaal aangedaan en bevat het element een grote caviteit. Om 10 uur heb ik het element eruit gehaald en tranexaminezuur voorgeschreven. Geen bijzonderheden tijdens de extractie. ‘s Middags om 16 uur kwam ze weer langs om het uitgebreide kh-plaatje terug te plaatsen. De wang was nog van gelijke dikte. Geen koorts. Mevrouw voelde zich goed. De alveole was rustig. Ik heb wel amoxicilline voorgeschreven met het advies om dit op te halen en als de wang niet binnen een uur of wat zou slinken, in te nemen. Mevrouw heeft het antibioticum daarna niet opgehaald. De nacht erop is mevrouw overleden. De doodsoorzaak is onbekend. Men denkt aan een herseninfarct of hartfalen. Wel was haar wang heel dik toen ze haar vonden. Mijn patient heeft een voormalig huisarts in de nabije familie en deze zweert bij hoog en laag dat er verkeerd gehandeld is en dat patiente eerder/meer/anders antibiotica had moeten krijgen om een sepsis en daaropvolgend een herseninfarct te voorkomen (kan dit de oorzaak zijn geweest??) en dat de extractie niet op deze manier had mogen plaatsvinden. Uitleg van onze kant doet hem niet van gedachten veranderen. Heeft u advies over wat we hem het beste kunnen vertellen en hadden we in dit geval toch anders moeten handelen?
Study on the leakage detection methods of the condenser copper pipe

Aiming at the leakage of the condenser copper pipe in domestic fire-power units causing serious threats on the safe and steady operation of the generation units, studies and develops the leakage detection methods of the condenser copper pipe based on the basic principle of the helium leakage detection.
Adjusting of Processing Property of GAP High Energy Propellant

Reasons of poor processing property for GAP high energy propellant are analysed. The technical approaches to adjust the processing property are raised. The effects of the particle size gradation of oxidizer, casting temperature, mixing process, compounding use of binders with different relative molecular mass, additive agents for increasing mechanical property, curing accelerator and process assistants on the processing property of GAP high energy propellant are studied. The processing property of GAP high energy propellant can be effectively improved by reasonably setting mixing process, compounding use of process assistants TE and mechanics additive aggent TD.
STUDY ON CALCULATION OF WATER INFLOW RATE OF BOTTOM HOLE OF GAS WELL WITH WATER

Study on Calculation of Water Inflow Rate of Bottom Hole of Gas Well With WaterA new model for calculation of water inflow rate at bottom hole of gas producing wells is presented. The slippage effect of two phase and the transition mechanisms among different flow patterns are taken into consideration. The wellbore is divided into a number of segments whose pressure drop and space distribution of gas-liquid with time under unsteady-state flow conditions is calculated iteratively by using transient steady flow method. At last, the relationships of bottom-hole pressure and water inflow rate changing with time are established.
In Situ Stresses

This chapter first briefly describes in situ rock stresses and the strategy for estimating them. Then the various methods for making preliminary estimation of in situ rock stresses are presented, including the World Stress Map, the empirical correlations between vertical and horizontal stresses and depth, and the different analytical models. The effects of different factors such as topography, discontinuity, anisotropy on the in situ rock stress state are also discussed.
Dynamics and the Regiochemistry of Nitration of Toluene.

The regiochemistry of the nitration of toluene by NO2+BF4– in dichloromethane is accurately predicted from trajectories in explicit solvent. Simpler models and approaches based on transition state theory fail to account for the selectivity. Potential of mean force calculations find no free-energy barrier for reaction of the toluene/NO2+BF4– encounter complex, yet the trajectories require an extraordinary 3 ps to descend an exergonic slope. The selectivity is decided late in long trajectories because their completion requires solvent and counterion reorganization. The normal descriptive understanding of the regiochemistry based on transition-state energies is unsupported.
Unsupervised Learning for Natural Language Processing.

Given the abundance of text data, unsupervised approaches are very appealing for natural language processing. We present three latent variable systems which achieve state-of-the-art results in domains previously dominated by fully supervised systems. For syntactic parsing, we describe a grammar induction technique which begins with coarse syntactic structures and iteratively refines them in an unsupervised fashion. The resulting coarse-to-fine grammars admit efficient coarse-to-fine inference schemes and have produced the best parsing results in a variety of languages. For coreference resolution, we describe a discourse model in which entities are shared across documents using a hierarchical Dirichlet process. In each document, entities are repeatedly rendered into mention strings by a sequential model of attentional state and anaphoric constraint. Despite being fully unsupervised, this approach is competitive with the best supervised approaches. Finally, for machine translation, we present a model which learns translation lexicons from non-parallel corpora. Alignments between word types are modeled by a prior over matchings. Given any fixed alignment, a joint density over word vectors derives from probabilistic canonical correlation analysis. This approach is capable of discovering high-precision translations, even when the underlying corpora and languages are divergent.
Forging Components Anew, Modes of Therapeutic Action: Reply to Discussions by Drs. Hirsch and Newirth

I elaborate my view of the analyst’s role as catalyst, and use of an enlivening presence, to foment the growth of mentalized thought in some patients. The need to forge certain components anew in s...
AAV-mediated delivery of optogenetic constructs to the macaque brain triggers humoral immune responses

Gene delivery to the primate central nervous system via recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) allows neurophysiologists to control and observe neural activity precisely. A current limitation of this approach is variability in vector transduction efficiency. Low levels of transduction can foil experimental manipulations, prompting vector readministration. The ability to make multiple vector injections into the same animal, even in cases where successful vector transduction has already been achieved, is also desirable. However, vector readministration has consequences for humoral immunity and gene delivery that depend on vector dosage and route of administration in complex ways. As part of optogenetic experiments in rhesus monkeys, we analyzed blood sera collected before and after AAV injections into the brain and quantified neutralizing antibodies to AAV using an in vitro assay. We found that injections of AAV1 and AAV9 vectors elevated neutralizing antibody titers consistently. These immune responses were specific to the serotype injected and were long lasting. These results demonstrate that optogenetic manipulations in monkeys trigger immune responses to AAV capsids, suggesting that vector readministration may have a higher likelihood of success by avoiding serotypes injected previously.