cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Linguistic Perseveration

Publisher Summary Perseveration involves the recurrence—out of context and in the absence of the original stimulus—of some behavioral act. Because perseveration is a characteristic of a breakdown in skilled, purposive behavioral acts, it is expected to be observed in certain language disorders. This chapter describes linguistic perseveration in two patients with aphasia secondary to left posterior cerebral lesions. It is important to isolate the type of linguistic structure which can be perseverated. Words are the linguistic units most often perseverated and the perseveration frequency occurs on specific task oriented situations such as confrontation naming, repetition, reading aloud, and the like. Linguistic perseveration is not only seen during specific psychometric testing, but it can also be observed during stretches of spontaneous speech. The perseveration may be either segmental or lexical. When it involves segments, the result is an output that has a poetic quality to it. Perseveration among consonants and vowels has been often referred to as alliteration and assonance. There appears to be different types of perseveration, secondary to damage in distinct regions of the central nervous system. Posterior lesions in the dominant hemisphere can give rise to linguistic perseveration; the language units involved tend to be segments, syllables, and full words.
Comparison of Measured and Estimated CT Organ Doses for Modulated and Fixed Tube Current:: A Human Cadaver Study

Rationale and Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the directly measured and the estimated computed tomography (CT) organ doses obtained from commercial radiation dose-tracking (RDT) software for CT performed with modulated tube current or automatic exposure control (AEC) technique and fixed tube current (mAs). Materials and Methods With the institutional review board (IRB) approval, the ionization chambers were surgically implanted in a human cadaver (88 years old, male, 68 kg) in six locations such as liver, stomach, colon, left kidney, small intestine, and urinary bladder. The cadaver was scanned with routine abdomen pelvis protocol on a 128-slice, dual-source multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner using both AEC and fixed mAs. The effective and quality reference mAs of 100, 200, and 300 were used for AEC and fixed mAs, respectively. Scanning was repeated three times for each setting, and measured and estimated organ doses (from RDT software) were recorded (N = 3*3*2 = 18). Results Mean CTDIvol for AEC and fixed mAs were 4, 8, 13 mGy and 7, 14, 21 mGy, respectively. The most estimated organ doses were significantly greater (P Conclusions The most CT organ doses estimated from RDT software are greater compared to directly measured organ doses, particularly when AEC technique is used for CT scanning.
The Shadow: Mining Its Dark Treasury for Teaching and Adult Development.

This paper explores the psychological shadow--the disowned self--as one of the hidden, unconscious elements in adult and continuing education, often underlying those inexplicable emotional reactions that transpire in instructor/learner interactions. Drawing on the literature related to the psychological shadow, teaching/learning, and adult development, as well as on personal experience as an educator, the author examines the manifestation of the shadow in the classroom. Unacknowledged, the shadow can disturb the learning environment and severely inhibit learning. But when the shadow is brought to light it can actually serve to enrich student learning and promote the teacher's personal and professional development. This paper suggests ways in which educators and students alike can begin the process of reclaiming and integrating their shadow.
DDT Residues in Fish from the Brazos River Basin in Central Texas

Muscle tissue from several species of fish collected from 3 sites in the Brazos River Basin of central Texas was analyzed by gas chromatography for insecticide residues. DDT and its metabolites, DDD and DDE, were the only insecticides present in measurable quantities. Residue levels were highest in fish from the Brazos River, a stream which flows through intensively cultivated agricultural land. Residues were lower in fish from the Navasota River, a stream which drains a rangeland area. Lowest residues were present in fish from Somerville Reservoir, a large flood-control and recreational impoundment in a noncropland drainage system. In the Somerville and Navasota systems, several species of gar, Lepisosteus spp., were the only fish containing significant residues of total DDTs. These results suggest that gar might prove useful as an indicator species for determining insecticide contamination in aquatic ecosystems. Residues in all species average considerably less than 1 ppm total DDTs. None of the individuals contained residues that approached the Food and Drug Administration actionable level of 5 ppm total DDTs in the edible portion of fish.
Analysis and implications of serum test in male drug injection users

Objective:To provide the evidence to prevent the infection of HIV,HBV,HCV and syphilis in male drug injection users by examining their blood biological parameters and the functions of liver and kidneys.Methods:The antibody levels(i.e.anti-HIV,HBsAg,anti-HCV and anti-TP) of different infection viruses and the biochemical functions(i.e.ALT,AST,ALP,γ-GT,TP,ALB,Urea,Cr and UA) were examined in 214 male drug injection users in the Donghai county Drug Rehab Center and compared with those in 287 normal male subjects in 2009.Results:The positive rates of anti-HIV,HBsAg,anti-HCV and anti-TP were 0%,9.35%,85.05% and 7.94% respectively in the 214 male drug injection users.Compared with those in normal subjects,the positive rates of anti-HCV and anti-TP were significant higher(P0.005).The infection rate for two diseases(13.55%) was much higher than that in normal subjects(0.35%).Of this,the infection rates for HBV/HCV,HCV/syphilis,HBV/HCV/syphilis were 7.01%,5.61% and 0.93% respectively.In addition,the serum levels of ALT,AST,ALP,γ-GT,Cr in male drug injection users were significantly higher(P0.001),whereas the levels for TP,ALB and Urea were much lower(P0.002,P0.001) than those in normal subjects.The most severe liver injury was found in the HCV infection patients.Conclusion:The infection rates of HCV,syphilis and two diseases are much higher in male drug injection users than that the normal populations.Intravenous injection drug abuse may induce liver and kidney injury.Infection of HCV may exacerbate the liver injury.
Research and Development of Capacitive Transformer

A new type of capacitive transformer without losses is introduced based on the principle of capacitance energy storage and voltage distribution. Under working order, it runs in series syntony and has no energy losses itself in the process of nonmagnetic transition. The structure and working principle of capacitive transformer are presented in details, and simulation and analysis are carried out. The scheme is given for resolving technology difficulties in the process of development. The advantages of capacitive transformer on implementing power supply with small capacity, balancing reactive power on the spot, decreasing losses and saving energy in distribution system and its wide application perspective are described.
SU-F-E-15: Initial Experience Implementing a Case Method Teaching Approach to Radiation Oncology Physics Residents, Graduate Students and Doctorate of Medical Physics Students

Purpose: Case Method Teaching approach is a teaching tool used commonly in business school to challenge students with real-world situations—i.e. cases. The students are placed in the role of the decision maker and have to provide a solution based on the multitude of information provided. Specifically, students must develop an ability to quickly make sense of a complex problem, provide a solution incorporating all of the objectives (at time conflicting) and constraints, and communicate that solution in a succinct, professional and effective manner. The validity of the solution is highly dependent on the auxiliary information provided in the case and the basic didactic knowledge of the student. A Case Method Teaching approach was developed and implemented into an on-going course focused on AAPM Task Group reports at UTHSCSA. Methods: A current course at UTHSCSA reviews and discusses 15 AAPM Task Group reports per semester. The course is structured into three topic modules: Imaging QA, Stereotactic Radiotherapy, and Special Patient Measurements—i.e. pacemakers, fetal dose. After a topic module is complete, the students are divided into groups (2–3 people) and are asked to review a case study related to the module topic. Students then provide a solution presented in an executive summary and class presentation. Results: Case studies were created to address each module topic. Through team work and whole-class discussion, a collaborative learning environment was established. Students additionally learned concepts such vendor relations, financial negotiations, capital project management, and competitive strategy. Conclusion: Case Method Teaching approach is an effective teaching tool to further enhance the learning experience of radiation oncology physics students by presenting them with though-provoking dilemmas that require students to distinguish pertinent from peripheral information, formulate strategies and recommendations for action, and confront obstacles to implementation.
Severe Reversible Neutropenia Following Treatment of Prostate Cancer with Flutamide

AbstractFlutamide was administered to a patient in conjunction with orchiectomy for stage D2 prostate cancer. Subsequently, profound neutropenia developed with a neutrophil count of 0.28 × 109/l. Bone marrow aspirate showed granulocyte hypoplasia and maturation arrest consistent with drug induced injury. Neutrophil count returned to normal after discontinuation of flutamide and administration of a short course of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Other medications were continued with no effect on neutrophil count. The appearance of the bone marrow and the return of neutrophils after the discontinuation of flutamide indicate that flutamide may have contributed to neutropenia.
Agency in State Agencies: Variable Distribution and Accountability Structures

The democratic state is an administrative state: the actual work of representative governance is done primarily in administrative agencies, which interpret and implement the often vague ambitions inscribed in statutes. When we talk about agency in the state, then, we must primarily be talking about agency in agencies. That may seem odd. Bureaucracy seems like the absence of agency: just mechanistic gear-grinding continuing things begun by other, distant, powerful actors. Where can agency find a foothold amid the faceless people, the featureless buildings, the infinite red tape, the endless unread files? So, another oddity: administration has world-changing effects, yet seems bereft of agents. Infuriatingly — yet conveniently — bureaucracy appears as an undifferentiated entity exerting power that cannot be held to account. This common image, it turns out, distorts our understanding of both agencies and agency. It conceals the complex distribution of possibility and responsibility within bureaucracy, which involves individual subjectivities, interpersonal relations, and socially structured decisionmaking (Blau 1963; Bernstein 2008). And it obscures the varied ways that accountability for bureaucratic action is structured by different social arenas allow. What kind of accountability is available, it turns out, depends on the position from which one does the accounting. Here, I unpack one administrative process to show how units of agency emerge and blend in the ongoing process of differentiation and subsumption that characterizes bureaucratic action. I then explain how one particular social arena — litigation — provides a scaffolding for bureaucratic accountability that, like all scaffoldings, both enables and constrains.
To Give and To Get: How Nurse Faculty Scholars Contribute and Benefit From Participating in Interdisciplinary Research Teams.

BACKGROUND Meeting the demands for career advancement in the faculty tenure track of a university becomes a challenge for new researchers when active nursing research is limited or nonexistent. Nurse faculty transitioning from clinical practice settings may face greater difficulty climbing the ladder of promotion because of the limited opportunity for nursing research. A way to create a research thread that will allow an opportunity to ease into the new role and build an effective research team is to participate in an interdisciplinary research (IDR) team. PURPOSE This article is written to encourage academic nurse faculty who may find themselves in a nursing research "desert" to collaborate with other disciplines and consider joining an IDR team to get started in career advancement. DESCRIPTION Three "Gs"-get, give, and generate-have been created to illustrate the benefits and contribution of IDR. Practical ways to help get started and make the best use of the IDR team are suggested. CONCLUSION The participation in an IDR team offers new nurse faculty a way to jump-start a scholarly career. Collaboration with like-minded colleagues from various disciplines offers an opportunity to expand knowledge, gain professional growth, and contribute to scientific development.
Mechanically robust re-crosslinkable polymeric hydrogels for water management of void space conduits containing reservoirs

Abstract A unique preformed particle gel with re-crosslinkable ability to re-form bulk gel for chemical enhanced oil recovery of void space conduits containing reservoir is described herein. The formation of the bulk gel was achieved by reversible ionic crosslinks of the preformed particle gels as induced by brine under reservoir conditions. The re-crosslinked hydrogel with ionic features showed rubber-like mechanical behaviors, a critical parameter of the particle gels to increase plugging efficiency. The re-crosslinking ability of the preformed particle gels under different salinity could be controlled by tuning the ionic interactions within the hydrogel. In addition, the long-term thermal stability of the re-crosslinked bulk gel has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the re-crosslinked bulk gels could significantly reduce permeability of large fractures as demonstrated by core flooding experiments compared with traditional preformed particle gels. The re-crosslinkable bulk gel with robust mechanical properties could offer the candidate to block void space conduits containing reservoirs for enhanced oil recovery.
Oxystegus daldinianus (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) new to the New World, evaluated with two new tools for floristics

Abstract Oxystegus daldinianus (De Not.) Kockinger, O.Werner & Ros, a species recently identified from the Alps of central Europe, is reported as new to the New World from collections in North Carolina, U.S.A., with a key to species of the genus in North America. A refugial explanation is proffered for this montane disjunction. Species distinctions in Oxystegus and evolutionary relationships are evaluated with two tools—an analytic key, and support measured with sequential Bayes-based information theory.
Light Water Reactors with Crushed Rock Thermal Storage for Industrial Heat and High-Value Electricity

AbstractA crushed rock heat storage facility with storage capacities of gigawatt-hours is proposed to couple to light water reactors (LWRs) to enable base-load LWR operation with (1) variable electricity to the grid and heat to industry and (2) substantially higher revenue in deregulated electricity markets with significant solar or wind generation capacity. At times of low electricity prices, crushed rock is heated by hot air in a two-stage process. Air is initially heated by a steam-air heat exchanger using LWR steam and then with electric resistance heaters before circulating from the top to bottom of the crushed rock pile. Depending upon the design, peak rock temperatures can be from 250°C to 800°C. Heat is recovered by circulating air from the bottom to the top of the crushed rock pile with the hot air sent to industrial furnaces or thermal electric power plants. For industrial applications the hot air is a partial replacement for the burning of fossil fuels in industrial furnaces. Many of the challe...
Differential relationships of hepatic and epicardial fat to body composition in HIV.

Abstract HIV‐infected patients commonly experience changes in central and peripheral fat content as well as ectopic fat accumulation. However, whether hepatic and epicardial fat stores relate differentially to body composition or how these associations are modified by HIV status has not been well explored. A previously recruited sample of 124 HIV‐infected patients and 58 healthy controls had undergone dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and computed tomography (CT) from which body composition measures, liver–spleen ratio, and epicardial fat volume were obtained. Unique to the HIV‐infected group, there was a parabolic association between abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area and liver–spleen ratio ( P = 0.03, inflection point 324 cm 2 ) such that hepatic fat content was greatest at the extremes of low and high SAT. A quadratic model also closely described the relationship between mean leg fat and liver–spleen ratio among patients with HIV ( P = 0.02, inflection point 4.7 kg), again suggesting greater liver fat content with both low and high leg fat. Notably, an analogous relationship of epicardial fat with SAT was not evident among HIV‐infected individuals or healthy controls. In contrast, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) linearly related to both liver–spleen ratio in HIV and epicardial fat volume irrespective of HIV status in multivariable models. In conclusion, our analyses implicate both low and high SAT as risk factors for hepatic fat accumulation in HIV. These findings add to growing evidence of SAT dysfunction in the setting of HIV infection, and highlight key physiologic differences between hepatic and epicardial fat depots.
PREDICTION OF COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN THE SELECTED PARENTS AND HYBRIDS IN RICE (Oryza Sativa.L)

Selection of parents based on their combining ability is an effective approach in hybrid breeding. Four CMS and four restorer lines were crossed in line x tester mating design to obtain 16 F1 hybrids rice. The 8 parental lines and 16 hybrids rice were planted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Kuningan and Muara field station of ICRR during 2012-2013. The results revealed that mean squares for GCA were significant for number of fertile spikelet per panicle, a thousand-grains weight, and 50% days of flowering. Mean squares for SCA were significant for plant height and grain yield. Parental lines exhibited the highest GCA effects for GMJ12A (line) and CRS703 (tester) for grain yield trait and revealed good potential to be used as parents for hybrid rice. Among all the crosses, GMJ6A/CRS707 and GMJ12A/CRS707 showed the greatest positive SCA effects for grain yield and had heterosis over better parent and midparent.
Simple dynamics of legislative bargaining: coalitions and proposal power

Most public policies continue in effect until changed, and many are stable for extended periods even though they could be changed at any time. This paper presents a simple approach to characterizing Markov perfect equilibria of dynamic legislative bargaining games with stable policies and durable coalitions. The approach involves satisfying proposer and partner incentive constraints when the coalition is formed and challenger defection and replacement constraints once the coalition has been formed. The approach provides a natural definition of coalition membership and facilitates characterization of the trade-off between internal and external proposal power. Surplus coalitions sacrifice external proposal power for increased internal proposal power, and the coalition size that maximizes proposal power is strictly decreasing in the discount factor and strictly increasing in the majority requirement.
Concomitant organ resection does not improve outcomes in primary retroperitoneal well-differentiated liposarcoma: A retrospective cohort study at a major sarcoma center.

Background We investigated whether concomitant organ removal as part of the primary resection of RP WDLPS confers an outcome advantage in patients treated at a major sarcoma center. Methods The departmental sarcoma database was reviewed to identify patients with RP WDLPS who underwent initial surgical resection for primary disease at MD Anderson Cancer Center during the study period 1995-2011. We retrospectively reviewed medical records and examined associations between clinicopathologic variables and overall survival (OS) as well as disease-free survival (DFS). Results Among 83 patients included in this study, 76 patients (92%) underwent complete resection (R0/R1). Concomitant organ resections were performed in 38 patients (46%). Invasion of the resected organ/s was seen in six patients (7%). Estimated OS was 11.3 years (5-year OS, 86%), and DFS was 5.4 years (5-year DFS, 51%). By multivariate analysis, concomitant organ resection was not associated with improved OS (P = 0.428) or DFS (P = 0.946), and lack of organ resection was associated with a lower risk of postoperative complications (P = 0.01). Conclusions Concomitant organ resection was not associated with a survival benefit in RP WDLPS in this study. In patients with primary RP WDLPS, we recommend selective resection of contiguous organs only if there is clinical suspicion of invasion.
Evaluating Macrophages in Immunotoxicity Testing

Macrophages are a heterogeneous group of cells that have a multitude of functions depending on their differentiation state. While classically known for their phagocytic and antigen presentation abilities, it is now evident that these cells fulfill homeostatic functions beyond the elimination of invading pathogens. In addition, macrophages have also been implicated in the downregulation of inflammatory responses following pathogen removal, tissue remodeling, repair, and angiogenesis. Alterations in macrophage differentiation and/or activity due to xenobiotic exposure can have grave consequences on organismal homeostasis, potentially contributing to disease due to immunosuppression or chronic inflammatory responses, depending upon the pathways affected. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the macrophages subtypes, their origin and a general discussion of several different assays used to assess their functional status.
Determining if DNA Stained with a Cyanine Dye Can Be Digested with Restriction Enzymes

Visualization of DNA for fluorescence microscopy utilizes a variety of dyes such as cyanine dyes. These dyes are utilized due to their high affinity and sensitivity for DNA. In order to determine if the DNA molecules are full length after the completion of the experiment, a method is required to determine if the stained molecules are full length by digesting DNA with restriction enzymes. However, stained DNA may inhibit the enzymes, so a method is needed to determine what enzymes one could use for fluorochrome stained DNA. In this method, DNA is stained with a cyanine dye overnight to allow the dye and DNA to equilibrate. Next, stained DNA is digested with a restriction enzyme, loaded into a gel and electrophoresed. The experimental DNA digest bands are compared to an in silico digest to determine the restriction enzyme activity. If there is the same number of bands as expected, then the reaction is complete. More bands than expected indicate partial digestion and less bands indicate incomplete digestion. The advantage of this method is its simplicity and it uses equipment that a scientist would need for a restriction enzyme assay and gel electrophoresis. A limitation of this method is that the enzymes available to most scientists are commercially available enzymes; however, any restriction enzymes could be used.
Cooperation with characters: How a partner's personality disorder decreases cooperation in two economic games

Abstract How does your personality affect how others treat you? Previous research suggests the characteristic patterns of social behavior in personality disorders can be captured using economic games. Here we test the opposite: whether personality disorders elicit characteristic patterns of social behavior from others. Participants read vignettes portraying individuals with one of eight DSM-5 personality disorders (plus a control vignette) then played either a Prisoner's Dilemma (Experiment 1) or Chicken (Experiment 2) game with a confederate said to have been interviewed and portrayed by each vignette. Experiment 1 found higher cooperation rates in response to the control vignette in comparison to all personality disorder vignettes. Experiment 2, found similar results, apart from the vignette depicting schizoid personality disorder. Findings suggest that people use information about personality to guide how they interact with others. They also illuminate the role others play in the difficult social situations those with personality disorders frequently experience.
Comparing the Wrongness of Killing Humans and Killing Animals

Virtually all persons—philosophers and laypersons alike—agree that, special circumstances aside, killing humans is more morally objectionable than killing (nonhuman) animals. I argue for a radical inversion of this dogma: all else being equal, killing nonhuman animals is more morally objectionable than killing humans. We will discover that the dominant reason for the pervasive belief that killing humans is (morally) worse than killing animals—that the human kind of animal uniquely has the capacities for self-consciousness and self-reflection—can be implemented to demonstrate the very opposite conclusion
Biofilms in Disease

Biofilms contribute to a majority of infectious diseases caused by bacterial and fungal pathogens. These range from chronic infections of indwelling medical devices and wounds to frequently fatal, serious infections like endocarditis. Biofilm research was initially focused on “environmental” biofilms, such as those present in wastewater tubing. More recently, “medical” biofilms as present during human infection have gained increased attention, and several animal models to mimic biofilm-associated infection in vivo have been established. Furthermore, biofilm research has shifted from the use of laboratory to clinical strains and is being complemented by the genetic analysis of isolates originating from biofilm infection. Often these investigations showed that in vitro results only have limited relevance for the in vivo situation, revealing the necessity of more intensive in vivo biofilm research. This introductory chapter will present an overview of biofilm infections, resistance, and the general model of biofilm development. It will also introduce important biofilm molecules and principles of regulation in premier biofilm-forming pathogens and finish with a general outline of possible routes of anti-biofilm drug development.
Heat illnesses: a hot topic in the setting of global climate change.

Background Heat illnesses affect a large number of people every year and are becoming an increasing cause of pathology as climate change results in increasing global temperatures. Objective This article will review the physiological responses to heat, as well as the pathophysiological processes that result in heat illnesses. The emphasis will be on providing general practitioners (GPs) with an understanding of how to prevent heat illness in their patients and how to predict who is most at risk. Discussion Heat illnesses may be thought of as minor or major illnesses, any of which may present to the GP. Consideration must be given to identifying those who need more critical intervention and on when to transfer for higher-level of care.
The Theory of Dimensioned Matrices

We have now seen the basic machinery of dimensioned linear algebra and how all multipliable matrices have the dimensional form A ~ ab~ in which the rows are dimensionally parallel and the columns are dimensionally parallel. This chapter examines many special subclasses within this set of multipliable matrices and demonstrates how their form relates to their function.
Tunable multifunctional corrosion-resistant metallic coatings containing rare earth elements

Abstract: A variety of approaches enable deposition of metallic coatings containing rare earth (RE) elements for corrosion protection. Al-TM-RE amorphous and amorphous nanocrystalline alloys are one type of multifunctional material for protection of Al alloys. Ce and Al-Ce coatings have also been deposited. Results for high density, low porosity multifunctional Al-Co-Ce metallic coatings applied to an AA-2024-T351 substrate using a pulsed thermal spray (PTS) are discussed in detail. Three proposed modes of corrosion protection are provided by the coating (i.e. a localized corrosion barrier, a sacrificial anode to supply cathodic protection of any exposed AA 2024-T351, and active inhibitor release) to protect AA 2024-T351. Chemical protection is afforded by either Ce(OH) 2 2+ or Ce 3+ release.
Spider Configurations for Models with Discrete Iwan Elements

Lacayo et al. (Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 118: 133–157, 2019) recently proposed a fast model updating approach for finite element models that include Iwan models to represent mechanical joints. The joints are defined by using RBE3 averaging constraints or RBAR rigid constraints to tie the contact surface nodes to a single node on each side, and these nodes are then connected with discrete Iwan elements to capture tangential frictional forces that contribute to the nonlinear behavior of the mechanical interfaces between bolted joints. Linear spring elements are used in the remaining directions to capture the joint stiffness. The finite element model is reduced using a Hurty/Craig-Bampton approach such that the physical interface nodes are preserved, and the Quasi-Static Modal Analysis approach is used to quickly predict the effective natural frequency and damping ratio as a function of vibration amplitude for each mode of interest. Model updating is then used to iteratively update the model such that it reproduces the correct natural frequency and damping at each amplitude level of interest. In this paper, Lacayo’s updating approach is applied to the S4 Beam (Singh et al., IMAC XXXVI, 2018) giving special attention to the size and type of the multi-point constraints used to connect the structures, and their effect on the linear and nonlinear modal characteristics.
Continued improvement in survival in multiple myeloma (MM) including high-risk patients.

8039Background: Treatment of MM has evolved significantly over the past decade, with increasing use of multi-drug combinations for initial therapy. In addition, supportive care approaches have also...
Fetal and maternal effects of sodium nitroprusside.

hormonal and metabolic changes” with fetal growth retardation require continued active investigation. Therefore, before nutritional supplementation can be recommended as treatment for this problem, more studies are needed to evaluate the total metabolic profile of pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth retardation. Robert J. Sokol, M.D. George M. Kazzi, M.D. Department sf Obstetrics and Gynecology Cleveland Metropolitan General Hospital 3395 Scranton Road Cleveland, Ohio 44109
Influence of averaging time-interval on shoe-floor-contaminant available coefficient of friction measurements

Abstract Available coefficient of friction (ACOF) is a common metric of footwear traction performance. ACOF is the ratio of friction to normal force, often averaged over a time-interval. The time-interval needed to achieve repeatable and valid ACOF is unknown. A post-hoc analysis was performed on nine shoe-floor-contaminant combinations to assess the repeatability and bias of data averaged across 4 time-intervals (2 ms, 50 ms, 100 ms, 200 ms) after the target normal force was reached. The ability to predict human slips was assessed for ACOF across these intervals. Differences in repeatability and validity across the four intervals were small. However, statistically significant differences were observed for the shortest compared with the longest interval (lower repeatability yet modestly improved predictive ability). Given the limited impact of time-interval on the results, a shorter interval of 50 ms is recommended to enable testing of smaller floor samples.
Eyes on the street: Photovoice, liberation psychotherapy, and the emotional landscapes of urban children

Abstract Eyes on the Street is a therapeutic photovoice program which empowered 25 predominantly African American children (ages 7–12) to use digital photography to express and process emotions about their neighborhood, the Hilltop South community of Pittsburgh. Many of the Hilltop South neighborhoods suffer from the effects of systemic sociopolitical disenfranchisement and trauma. This program implemented photovoice as a trauma-healing intervention to empower youth in the Hilltop South to recognize, utilize, and artistically express their emotional responses to the public places of their neighborhood. The program's objectives were to create activities and spaces where children can practice emotional agility by articulating their feelings as images, and to introduce children to a self-advocacy tool with which to assert the needs of their community. This paper lays out the principles of liberation psychotherapy, discusses how they have guided the program development for Eyes on the Street, and showcases the details of the trauma-healing photovoice curriculum.
A Test of the Theory of Planned Behavior in the Prediction of Alcohol-Induced Blackout Intention and Frequency

Background This study examined the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as an explanatory model for alcohol-induced blackouts among college students. Blackouts are periods of time wherein individuals continue to function and engage in their social environment but do not remember it as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol. Social cognitive factors posited within TPB, such as perceived norms and personal attitudes toward alcohol consumption, are reliable predictors of alcohol use and related problems. However, research to date has not examined these theoretical antecedents as predictors of alcohol-induced blackout. Methods College students with a history of blackout (N = 384) completed a baseline survey, and a subsample (N = 120) completed a 1-month follow-up survey. Negative binomial mediation models were used to evaluate intentions to blackout as a mediator of the norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy to avoid blackout-blackout frequency association at baseline and 1-month follow-up. Results Norms, attitudes, and self-efficacy to avoid blackout all significantly predicted blackout intentions at baseline, which in turn predicted more frequent blackouts both at baseline and at 1-month follow-up. Notably, blackout attitudes demonstrated both direct and indirect associations with blackout frequency. Conclusions Prospective analyses provided partial support for the TPB, with only attitudes and intentions demonstrating prospective associations with actual blackout frequency. Given the particularly strong association between blackout attitudes and frequency of blackouts, attitudes may represent an important and novel target for prevention and intervention efforts.
How social work can address the tobacco epidemic

While cigarette smoking in the U.S. general population has dropped to an all-time low of 13.7%, smoking rates among the special populations that social workers serve are still high (Centers for Dis...
Influence of Varying Doses and Duration of Dietary Nitrates from Beetroot Juice on Sprint Performance in U.S. Army ROTC Cadets: A pilot study

Objective: Assess the effects of varying levels and duration of dietary nitrate supplementationfrom beetroot juice (BR) on sprint performance in army ROTC cadets. Methods: Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets were randomly assigned to oneof three treatment groups: control (CON); low beetroot juice dose (BR1); and high BR juice –BR2. For 0, 6 and 15 days nitrate consumption from BR groups were as follows: CON receivedone 16.9 oz. bottle of apple juice (0 mg NO 3 -); BR1 received one can of BR juice (300 mg, 4.84mmol NO 3 -), and BR2 received 2 cans (16.8 oz.) BR (600 mg, 9.68 mmol NO 3 -). One week priorto the study, each cadet completed body composition measurements, predicted aerobic capacitymeasurements, and nutritional analysis via two 24-hour dietary recalls. Differences in primarymeasures (distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1) were analyzed with two-way repeated measuresANOVA tests both between groups (CON, BR1, BR2) and within groups (0, 6, and day 15).Descriptive statistics and frequency counts were run on all remaining variables with a one-wayANOVA or t-test, including maximal heart rate during the YoYo IR1, dietary compliance, dailyblood pressure, juice compliance, and conditioning work-outs Results: A dose-related enhancement with BR was observed; the data trended towardssignificance even in this small sample. A t-test revealed that there was a significant difference insprint performance by males and females overall at days 0, 6, 15 (p = 0.025, p = 0.005, p =0.004, respectively). Conclusion: A single (300 mg, 4.84 mmol NO 3 ) or double (600 mg, 9.68 mmol NO 3 -) daily doseconsumption of BR appears to benefit ROTC cadets in athletic performance. Daily consumptionof BR benefitted ROTC males more than females. Results suggest BR supplementation could beadvantageous for sprint performance when administered for a longer duration (g 15 days).
Comparing Fidelity Outcomes of Paraprofessional and Professional Delivery of a Perinatal Depression Preventive Intervention

Mothers and Babies (MB), a perinatal depression preventive intervention, has proven effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and preventing onset of major depression. An ongoing cluster-randomized trial is comparing the effectiveness of the six-session MB group intervention led by paraprofessionals versus mental health professionals. Twenty percent of all audio-recorded intervention sessions were randomly selected for fidelity checks. Analyses assessed mean facilitator adherence and competency overall, by study arm, and by session; and, examined site, facilitator, and client-specific effects. There were no significant differences found between study arms. Findings show paraprofessionals can deliver MB with similar fidelity as mental health professionals.
‘Fear of missing out’: antecedents and influence on purchase likelihood

‘Fear of missing out’ (FOMO) is a recent but widely recognized phenomenon. Some emotional antecedents of FOMO, such as anticipated elation and anticipated envy from other people, can boost FOMO. Ot...
Current Developments and Research Issues in Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions: A Commentary.

Cognitive behavior modification is an area of tremendous activity in education and child clinical psychology. Several features of the approach are noteworthy including the range of educational and ...
Diverse dynamics of glutamatergic input underlie heterogeneous response patterns of olfactory bulb outputs in vivo

ABSTRACT Mitral/tufted (MT) cells of the olfactory bulb (OB) show diverse temporal responses to odorant stimulation that are thought to encode odor information. To understand the role of sensory input dynamics versus OB circuit mechanisms in generating this diversity, we imaged glutamate signaling onto MT cell dendrites in anesthetized and awake mice. We found surprising diversity in the dynamics of these signals, including excitatory, suppressive, and biphasic responses as well as nonlinear changes in glutamate over multiple inhalations. Glutamate response patterns persisted after blockade of postsynaptic activity, implicating sensory neurons as the primary source of glutamate signaling onto MT cells. Simultaneous imaging of glutamate and calcium signals from MT cell dendrites revealed highly correlated responses for both signals. Thus, the dynamics of sensory input alone, rather than emergent features of OB circuits, may account for much of the diversity in MT cell responses that underlies odor representations at this stage.
Konosuke Matsushita’s Humanistic Management

Japanese industrial relations and human resource management after World War II suggest an effective way of creating shared value with stakeholders. Konosuke Matsushita, the founder of Panasonic, practiced symbolic leadership not only with workers but also with retailers and suppliers by embracing the principles of ‘collective wisdom’ and ‘coexistence and prosperity’.
Connecting with Real Sector to Promote Profit-Loss Shared Financing: Mass Producing Appropriate Industrial Goods in a Zero-Interest Financial System

Part of a trilogy, this paper deepens microeconomic understanding of profit-loss shared (PLS) financing and connects Development Economics with Zero Interest Financial System. Virtual Market Model is its analytic umbrella. Incorporating bureaucratic inefficiency, systemic corruption, human resource training cost, exchange rate, product quality, etc., it focuses on a critical element of a business plan - technology and scale (TS). Doing so simultaneously mitigates adverse selection and moral hazard. Left largely to investor's discretion, banks may be glossing over TS. Yet they matter in a project’s feasibility and viability. Failing to address these elements builds uncertainty, which in totality has made PLS impractical. So, for lifting a barrier to PLS financing, bankers must attune to TS. Further, playing a prominent, motivational role for investors is PLS’ advantage over MU in reducing break-even cost. Interestingly, this facilitates both viability and feasibility. Thus, adoption of “appropriate” or minimum cost technology becomes possible.
Effects of pramlintide on energy intake and food preference in rats given a choice diet.

Abstract Amylin is a peptide hormone involved in the control of energy balance, making the amylin system a potential target for pharmacotherapies to treat obesity. Pramlintide, an amylin analogue, is an FDA-approved medication for the treatment of diabetes that also has food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects. However, it is unknown whether pramlintide may preferentially reduce intake of highly palatable, energy dense food, the overconsumption of which is thought to play a role in the etiology of obesity. Here, we investigate the effects of pramlintide on food intake and body weight in rats given a choice of chow and high fat diet (HFD). Systemic pramlintide injection in rats reduced HFD intake at 3h post-injection, with no effects at other times and no significant effects on chow intake, body weight, or percent preference for HFD. In a separate experiment, the effects of central injection of pramlintide on food intake and body weight were similarly evaluated. Intracerebroventricular pramlintide significantly reduced HFD intake throughout the 24h post-injection, with some suppressive effects on chow intake, and also decreased 24h body weight change. Again, no significant changes were observed in the proportion of calories obtained from HFD. The same intracerebroventricular doses of pramlintide did not induce pica, suggesting that pramlintide-mediated reductions in feeding are not due to nausea/malaise. Our results suggest that pramlintide reduces food intake in rats largely via reductions in intake of HFD versus chow, supporting the idea that the potent effects of pramlintide on palatable food intake may have utility in the treatment of obesity.
Underrepresentation of Racial and Ethnic Diversity in Research Informing the American Urological Association/Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction Stress Urinary Incontinence Guideline.

Abstract Objective To characterize the racial/ethnic representation in the studies used in the American Urological Association/Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine & Urogenital Reconstruction stress urinary incontinence guideline. Methods Cited studies were reviewed using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria focused on United States literature to allow for demographic comparison with census data. To compare the racial representation in a study to the diversity in the surrounding city, we calculated the differences between county census data and the study race reported data and performed regression analyses. Results Eighty-seven cited studies were reviewed, of which 33 were excluded and 52 studies were further evaluated. Seventeen studies were US studies, nine of which reported race. Eighty percent of the women included in the 9 studies were non-Hispanic white women. A diverse geographic region did not correlate with increased study enrollment of non-White patients. Conclusion The majority of cited studies used to develop the stress urinary incontinence management guidelines did not report the race/ethnicity of participants. Among those studies that did, Asian, Black, and Hispanic women were included at lower rates than non-Hispanic white women, identifying an area of opportunity to improve research recruitment and promote health equity. Non-Hispanic women were consistently overrepresented while other women were either under-represented or completely excluded.
Cwc27, associated with retinal degeneration, functions as a splicing factor in vivo

Previous in vitro studies indicate that CWC27 functions as a splicing factor in the Bact spliceosome complex, interacting with CWC22 to form a landing platform for eIF4A3, a core component of the exon junction complex. However, the function of CWC27 as a splicing factor has not been validated in any in vivo systems. CWC27 variants have been shown to cause autosomal recessive retinal degeneration, in both syndromic and non-syndromic forms. The Cwc27K338fs/K338fs mouse model was shown to have significant retinal dysfunction and degeneration by 6 months of age. In this report, we have taken advantage of the Cwc27K338fs/K338fs mouse model to show that Cwc27 is involved in splicing in vivo in the context of the retina. Bulk RNA and single cell RNA-sequencing of the mouse retina showed that there were gene expression and splicing pattern changes, including alternative splice site usage and intron retention. Positive staining for CHOP suggests that ER stress may be activated in response to the splicing pattern changes and is a likely contributor to the disease mechanism. Our results provide the first evidence that CWC27 functions as a splicing factor in an in vivo context. The splicing defects and gene expression changes observed in the Cwc27K338fs/K338fs mouse retina provide insight to the potential disease mechanisms, paving the way for targeted therapeutic development.