cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Will a 1-page informational handout decrease patients' most common fears of anesthesia and surgery?

Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether an informational handout alone could measurably reduce some of the most common fears patients have about anesthesia and surgery. Design An anonymous, volunteer survey package consisting of demographic information, a 1-page informational handout discussing common fears that patients have, and 2 identical surveys that assessed the patients' level of fear before and after reading the handout. Setting Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas. Participants A total of 387 random volunteer patients awaiting their clinic visit with a provider in the Anesthesiology Pre-Operation Clinic of Wilford Hall Medical Center properly filled out the survey package. Methods Patients were asked to rate their fears with respect to (1) the qualification of their anesthesia providers, and the potential for (2) death or serious illness, (3) awareness, (4) postoperative pain, (5) access to pain medications postoperatively, and (6) postoperative nausea and vomiting. The patients rated their fears for each of the 6 categories using a Likert scale as either none, mild, moderate, or severe, which corresponded to scores of 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively, for a maximum fear score of 18. The patients were then asked to read a 1-page objective informational handout that addressed each of these potential fears. After reading the informational handout, the patients then repeated the fear survey. Results Three hundred eighty-seven patients properly completed the survey packages. There were 160 (41.3%) patients who demonstrated a reduction in fear scores, with a 49.6% (p Conclusion With just over 40% of patients demonstrating a statistically significant reduction in their fear levels, consideration should given to making an informational handout available on a routine basis to patients in preoperative anesthesia and surgical clinics. Additionally, it seems that younger patients (under the age of 40 years old) and those with no prior surgeries are the most likely to benefit from such a handout.
An Elective Course to Promote Academic Pharmacy as a Career

Objective. To implement and assess an elective course that engages pharmacy students’ interest in and directs them toward a career in academia.Design. A blended-design elective that included online and face-to-face components was offered to first through third-year pharmacy studentsAssessment. Students’ knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward academic pharmacy were measured by pre- and post-course assessments, online quizzes, personal journal entries, course assignments, and exit interviews. The elective course promoting academic pharmacy as a profession was successful and provided students with an awareness about another career avenue to consider upon graduation. The students demonstrated mastery of the course content.Conclusions. Students agreed that the elective course on pharmacy teaching and learning was valuable and that they would recommend it to their peers. Forty percent responded that after completing the course, they were considering academic pharmacy as a career.
The Distribution of Pollution: Community Characteristics and Exposure to Air Toxics

Abstract This paper examines the relationship between community-level exposure to air toxics and socioeconomic, political, and demographic characteristics of the population. An index of exposure that is sensitive to toxicity differences and to distance from the emission source is constructed. This index is used to compare exposure levels across communities and to analyze determinants of disparities. Cross-sectional regressions on all continental U.S. zip codes reveal greater exposure in black communities even after controlling for a variety of variables. Voter turnout also affects exposure, and local socioeconomic conditions are found to influence changes in local exposure levels.
A COMPARISON OF THE INTENSITIES AND ENERGIES OF GRADUAL SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS WITH THE DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF ASSOCIATED CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS

Gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events observed at 1 AU are produced by shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Characterizations of the remotely imaged CMEs and of their associated SEP events observed in situ can be used to increase our ability to forecast SEP events and to understand better the physical connections between the two phenomena. We carry out a statistical comparison of the peak intensities Ip20, of 120 western-hemisphere 20 MeV SEP events with those of their associated CMEs observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph over the past solar cycle. For a subset of 96 events observed with the EPACT instrument on the Wind spacecraft we also compare the SEP 2 MeV peak intensities Ip2, power-law energy spectral exponents {gamma}, total SEP energies Esep, and 2 MeV nuc{sup -1} H/He ratios with CME properties. New analyses of white-light CME images enable us to improve calculations of the CME masses and potential energies and then to determine two values of their kinetic energies based on frontal V (fr) and center-of-mass V (cm) speeds. Despite considerable scatter in the SEP and CME data, the large dynamical ranges of both the SEP and CME parameters allow more » us to determine statistical trends in the comparisons of the logs of the parameters. Ip2, Ip20, and Esep are significantly correlated with CME kinetic energies, masses, and speeds, while {gamma} trends lower (harder). Those correlations are higher with V (fr) than with V (cm) parameters, indicating a less significant role for the body of the CME than for the CME front in SEP production. The high ratios ({>=}10%) of Esep to CME energies found by Mewaldt et al. are confirmed, and the fits are consistent with a linear relationship between the two energies. The 2 MeV nuc{sup -1} H/He ratios decrease with increasing CME speeds, which may be an effect of shock geometry. We discuss several factors that limit the estimates of both the SEP and CME energies. « less
Validity and the applicablity of magnetic-circular-dichroism sum rules for transition metals (invited)

X‐ray magnetic‐circular‐dichroism (MCD) spectra are calculated using the thin film full potential linearized augmented plane wave energy band method for transition metal surfaces. Together with a model analysis, a clear physical insight is provided for this new and exciting phenomenon. The MCD sum rule for the orbital moments originally derived from a single ion model are found to be valid to within 5–10% even in the band approach which treats the strongly hybridized multiband structure. However, the spin sum rule may result in a larger error due to the effects of s,p−d hybridization. In addition, the magnetic dipole term is very important in the spin sum rule, especially for atoms with lower local symmetry.
Multivalvular Replacement: Report of 30 Cases

SUMMARY Twenty-three double valve and seven triple valve replacements or repairs have been reported. All patients but two were in severe heart failure. The mortality rate in the double valve series was 30 per cent and in the triple valve series was 14 per cent with a follow-up period of one month to 23 months. There was no late death. Left ventricular volume estimates and pressure-volume loops were also obtained pre- and postoperatively whenever possible. Such work-ups, in addition to clarifying the significance of multivalvular lesions, have also defined more accurately ventricular function and total cardiac disability. Surgical and postoperative management was also presented. Follow-up studies utilizing left ventricular volume estimates have been alluded to briefly in five multivalvular patients. In the authors' experience, multivalvular replacement applied to patients with severe cardiac disability has provided excellent clinical relief with an acceptable mortality.
Secondary factors influencing cascade damage formation

Abstract Primary cascade damage production in iron has been extensively investigated by molecular dynamics, and the average defect production as a function of cascade energy and temperature is well characterized. However, preliminary results indicate several factors alter `normal' cascade evolution, leading to quite different defect production behavior. Further investigation of three such factors has been carried out: (1) primary knock-on atom (PKA) direction, (2) nearby free surfaces, and (3) pre-existing effects. Results of the investigation confirm these factors significantly impact damage production. Effects include: enhanced defect survival for PKA directions lying in close-packed {1 1 0} planes, increased point defect clustering and larger defect clusters in cascades initiated near a surface, and reduced defect survival in material containing defects. The origin and implications of these effects are discussed relative to the interpretation of certain experimental observations and parameters used in other modeling studies.
The Impact of Balancing Area Size and Ramping Requirements on Wind Integration

Balancing area reserve sharing may significantly reduce wind integration costs. It also reduces utility costs without wind. Some recent studies indicate that large balancing areas can integrate wind more easily than small ones. The “hockey stick” pattern of dramatically increasing wind integration cost above some threshold wind penetration may not be as pronounced as expected. The existence and location of this threshold could have important implications regarding the cost of integrating significant wind penetrations. We examine wind integration impacts as a function of balancing area size to determine if the larger system size mitigates wind integration impacts at high penetrations. Using data from Minnesota, we show that ramping requirements can be reduced by balancing area consolidation. In a companion paper, we examine electricity market data in the United States that show how ramping capability is provided at low or no cost, and discuss its relevance to wind integration.
Effects of Crystallographic Anistropy on Orthogonal Micromachining of Single-Crystal Aluminum

Anisotropy of workpiece crystals has a significant effect in micromachining since the uncut chip thickness values used in micromachining are commensurate with characteristic dimensions of crystals in crystalline materials. This paper presents an experimental investigation on orthogonal micromachining of single-crystal aluminum at different crystallographic orientations for varying uncut chip thicknesses and cutting speeds using a diamond tool. Micromachining forces, specific energies, effective coefficient of friction, shear angles, shear stresses, and chip morphology were examined for six crystallographic orientations at uncut chip thicknesses ranging from 5 μm to 20 μm and cutting speeds ranging from 5 mm/s to 15 mm/s. Three distinct types of forces were observed, including steady (Type-I), bistable (Type-II), and fluctuating (Type-III) force signatures. The forces were seen to vary by as much as threefold with crystallographic orientation. Although the effect of cutting speed was small, the uncut chip thickness was seen to have a significant orientation-dependent effect on average forces. Chip morphology, analyzed under scanning electron microscopy, showed shear-front lamella, the periodicity of which was seen to vary with crystallographic orientations and uncut chip thicknesses.
Dissipation and fluctuation due to foreign-atom collisions: A Langevin-type equation approach

We present a formal quantum-mechanical treatment of the damping and fluctuations of a generic radiator atom due to collisions with foreign gas atoms. By working in the Heisenberg picture, the fluctuating noise sources are identified with the damping. Under the same approximations as the conventional line-shape broadening theory in the impact (Markov) approximation, the fluctuation-dissipation theorem is satisfied in the form of the conservation of an equal-time commutator for the atomic operators. The implications of this type of approach for the quantum theory of light propagation in an active medium is addressed. Simple cases for two-level and three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type systems are given explicitly.
The Dynamic Process of Assessing Infant Feeding Readiness

Abstract For many preterm and convalescing infants in the neonatal intensive care unit, often one of the last barriers to going home is being able to successfully feed from the breast or bottle. Parents frequently ask staff: when will my baby be ready to go to breast or start taking a bottle? In the past, the answer was based on the infant's medical condition and age alone. However, this approach to infant feeding readiness is changing and it is now acknowledged as a dynamic and multifactorial process.
Chemical activity of the C=C double bond on silicon surfaces

Abstract The adsorption kinetics of propylene, propane and methane at 120 K on Si (100)−(2 × 1) are compared. Propane and methane have zero sticking probabilities at 120 K, while propylene reacts strongly with Si(100). The difference in sticking is shown in two ways. First, no kinetic uptake of propane and methane was observed during adsorption, while substantial uptake of propylene was observed. Second, measurements of the C(KLL)/Si(LVV) Auger peak-to-peak ratio before and after adsorption showed that no carbon was present on the surface after propane and methane exposures. It is shown therefore that the O=O double bond is an active molecular site for interaction with active sites on Si(100), whereas CH and CC single bonds are inactive at 120 K. This observation is of importance in models of chemical vapor deposition, plasma vapor deposition and reactive ion etching.
Recent vibration issues in computer hard disk drives

This paper reviews recent theoretical and experimental advances in disk/spindle vibrations that appear in computer hard disk drives. Four major arears are discussed: mathematical models, hydrodynamic spindles, instrumentation, and alternative disk media substrate.
Grain-growth kinetics of rutile TiO2 nanocrystals under hydrothermal conditions

Rutile nanocrystals were directly prepared under hydrothermal conditions using TiCl4 as the starting material. The formation reactions proceeded by suppressing the crystallization of the other TiO2 polymorphs using a fixed concentration of 0.62 M [Ti4+]. With increasing reaction temperatures from 140 to 220°C, rutile nanocrystals were found to grow from 5.4 to 26.4 nm in size, and by varying the reaction time from 2 to 120 h at 200°C the particle size increased from 17 to 40 nm. The grain-growth kinetics of rutile TiO2 nanocrystals under hydrothermal conditions was found to follow the equation, Dn = k0 × t × e(-Ea/RT) with a grain-growth exponent n = 5 and an activation energy of Ea = 170.8 kJ mol-1. The nanocrystals thus obtained consist of an interior rutile lattice and a surface hydration layer. With decreasing particle size, the hydration effects at the surface increase, while the rutile structure shows a lattice expansion and covalency enhancement in the Ti-O bonding.
VOTE TRADING: AN ATTEMPT AT CLARIFICATION

The aim of this paper is to clarify the continuing debate about the theoretical characteristics of vote trading. It sets about this by first emphasizing existing distinctions among types of vote trading systems, most importantly, the distinction between trades on entire platforms characterizing social states (implicit vote trading) and trades on the individual issues making up the platforms (explicit vote trading). The subdivisions of the latter type are more carefully explored, with the key results being that: while all vote trading systems may lead to circularity in the attempt to choose; and while implicit vote trading inevitably involves such circularity; vote trading over individual, independent issues may be stable. The challenge to the social choice field is therefore to be more careful in specifying the conditions of foresight, renegotiability and the like, and to compare theoretical systems for explicit vote trading with actual legislative rules.
Predicting accrual in clinical trials with Bayesian posterior predictive distributions

Investigators need good statistical tools for the initial planning and for the ongoing monitoring of clinical trials. In particular, they need to carefully consider the accrual rate-how rapidly patients are being recruited into the clinical trial. A slow accrual decreases the likelihood that the research will provide results at the end of the trial with sufficient precision (or power) to make meaningful scientific inferences. In this paper, we present a method for predicting accrual. Using a Bayesian framework we combine prior information with the information known up to a monitoring point to obtain a prediction. We provide posterior predictive distributions of the accrual. The approach is attractive since it accounts for both parameter and sampling distribution uncertainties. We illustrate the approach using actual accrual data and discuss practical points surrounding the accrual problem.
A Retrospective Analysis of Vertebral Body Fractures Following Epidural Steroid Injections

Background: Lumbar epidural steroid injections (LESIs) are frequently prescribed for the treatment of radiculopathy or neurogenic claudication arising from compression of spinal nerves. However, there is evidence suggesting that corticosteroids adversely affect bone strength by diminishing new bone formation and increasing bone resorption. Our study sought to assess whether LESIs increase the risk of subsequent vertebral body fracture. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare patients receiving LESIs with a control group. A total of 50,345 patients with ICD-9 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision) diagnosis codes involving the spine were identified by searching a corporate database, and 3415 of these were found to have received at least one LESI. We randomly selected a study population of 3000 patients from the injected population, and we selected a matched cohort of 3000 patients from the non-injected group with use of propensity matching. The incidence of vertebral body fractures in each group was assessed with use of survival analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between the injected and non-injected groups with respect to age, predicted propensity score, sex, race, hyperthyroidism, or steroid use. In the survival analysis, an increasing number of injections was associated with an increasing likelihood of fractures. Each successive injection increased the risk of fracture by a factor of 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.30) after adjustment for covariates (p = 0.003). Conclusions: The findings suggest that LESIs, like other forms of exogenous steroid administration, may lead to increased bone fragility. The added exposure to glucocorticoids resulting from LESI use may carry a greater risk than previously thought, suggesting that use of LESIs should be approached cautiously in patients at risk for osteoporotic fractures. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Population variation and ecological correlates of tychoparthenogenesis in the mayfly, Stenonema femoratum

Species in which both sex and parthenogenesis co-occur are extremely valuable for investigating ecological conditions favouring sex. Tychoparthenogenesis is a breeding system characterized by hatching of a small proportion of unfertilized eggs (typically < 10%) from females of sexually reproducing species. With tychoparthenogenesis, both sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction co-occur within the same population. To identify ecological conditions that may favour this breeding system, I quantified population variation in females’ capacity for tychoparthenogenesis and investigated biotic and abiotic correlates of tychoparthenogenesis. I estimated tychoparthenognetic capacity (proportion of unfertilized eggs hatching) for females from 12 Missouri populations of the mayfly, Stenonema femoratum (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae), across three different habitat types – temporary streams, permanent streams and lakes. Tychoparthenogenetic capacity, measured as the population mean hatch success of unfertilized eggs, ranged from 3.8 to 10.7%. Tychoparthenogenetic capacity varied among habitats in 1996, but not in 1997. In 1996, temporary streams showed hatch success of unfertilized eggs twice that of permanent streams and lakes. Tychoparthenogenetic capacity also varied among sampling dates within years. Temporary streams also showed extremely low nymph densities compared to the other two habitats. However, habitats did not differ in adult density. Furthermore, in all populations nymphs showed significantly female-biased sex ratios. In contrast, adult sex ratios were equal or slightly male biased. Tychoparthenogenetic capacity was negatively correlated with nymph density in 1996, but not in 1997, suggesting possible reproductive assurance in some years. Adult densities also suggested that there may be certain times of year when tychoparthenogenesis may provide benefits of reproductive assurance. Although habitats differed significantly in their abiotic characteristics, tychoparthenogenetic capacity was correlated significantly with water temperature only. © 2002 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2002, 75, 101–123.
Rapid Ped-2E9 Cell-Based Cytotoxicity Analysis and Genotyping of Bacillus Species

Bacillus species causing food-borne disease produce multiple toxins eliciting gastroenteritis. Toxin assays with mammalian cell cultures are reliable but may take 24 to 72 h to complete and also lack sensitivity. Here, a sensitive and rapid assay was developed using a murine hybridoma Ped-2E9 cell model. Bacillus culture supernatants containing toxins were added to a Ped-2E9 cell line and analyzed for cytotoxicity with an alkaline phosphatase release assay. Most Bacillus cereus strains produced positive cytotoxicity results within 1 h, and data were comparable to those obtained with the standard Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-based cytotoxicity assay, which took about 72 h to complete. Moreover, the Ped-2E9 cell assay had 25- to 58-fold-higher sensitivity than the CHO assay. Enterotoxin-producing Bacillus thuringiensis also gave positive results with Ped-2E9 cells, while several other Bacillus species were negative. Eight isolates from food suspected of Bacillus contamination were also tested, and only one strain, which was later confirmed as B. cereus, gave a positive result. In comparison with two commercial diarrheal toxin assay kits (BDE-VIA and BCET-RPLA), the Ped-2E9 assay performed more reliably. Toxin fractions of >30 kDa showed the highest degree of cytotoxicity effects, and heat treatment significantly reduced the toxin activity, indicating the involvement of a heat-labile high-molecular-weight component in Ped-2E9 cytotoxicity. PCR results, in most cases, were in agreement with the cytotoxic potential of each strain. Ribotyping was used to identify cultures and indicated differences for several previously reported isolates. This Ped-2E9 cell assay could be used as a rapid (∼1-h) alternative to current methods for sensitive detection of enterotoxins from Bacillus species.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization for Semisupervised Heterogeneous Data Coclustering

Coclustering heterogeneous data has attracted extensive attention recently due to its high impact on various important applications, such us text mining, image retrieval, and bioinformatics. However, data coclustering without any prior knowledge or background information is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a Semisupervised Non-negative Matrix Factorization (SS-NMF) framework for data coclustering. Specifically, our method computes new relational matrices by incorporating user provided constraints through simultaneous distance metric learning and modality selection. Using an iterative algorithm, we then perform trifactorizations of the new matrices to infer the clusters of different data types and their correspondence. Theoretically, we prove the convergence and correctness of SS-NMF coclustering and show the relationship between SS-NMF with other well-known coclustering models. Through extensive experiments conducted on publicly available text, gene expression, and image data sets, we demonstrate the superior performance of SS-NMF for heterogeneous data coclustering.
Combination Therapy as First-Line Treatment for Hypertension

Systemic hypertension is a long-term risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease and when uncontrolled is a short-term trigger of acute vascular events such as acute coronary syndromes and stroke. Thus, rapid reduction in BP is desirable. Patients at high risk for vascular disease, such as those with diabetes mellitus, have aggressive goal BP targets because studies have shown that achieving these targets reduces events. Given the dual goals in high-risk patients of reducing BP quickly and to aggressively low targets, the classic 'step therapy' of one drug titrated at a time to reduce BP is inadequate. Combination therapy with at least two potent medications makes more sense, and manufacturers are now increasing their offerings of single-pill combinations for hypertension. Combination pills are popular with patients and increase compliance with therapy. Many believe that renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) blockers are the cornerstone of hypertension treatment in patients at high risk for vascular disease. The newer combination pills include a RAAS blocker and diuretics or a long-acting calcium channel antagonist (CCA). Recent studies have shown that a RAAS blocker plus a dihydropyridine CCA is superior to older diuretic-based combinations for preventing cardiovascular events. These considerations support a new approach to the higher risk hypertensive patient: effective doses of RAAS blocker/CCA combination pills to rapidly lower BP to <130/80 mmHg.
Phthalic anhydride production from hemicellulose solutions: Technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment

The process synthesis, technoeconomic analysis, and life cycle assessment (LCA) of a novel route for phthalic anhydride (PAN) production from hemicellulose solutions are presented. The production contains six steps including dehydration of xylose to furfural, reductive decarbonylation of furfural to furan, oxidation of furfural to maleic anhydride (MA), Diels-Alder cycloaddition of furan, and MA to exo−4,10-dioxa-tricyclo[5.2.1.0]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione followed by dehydration to PAN in the presence of mixture of methanesulfonic acid and acetic anhydride (AAN) which is converted to acetyl methanesulfonate and acetic acid (AAD), and dehydration of AAD to AAN. The minimum selling price of PAN is determined to be $810/metric ton about half of oil-based PAN. The coproduction of high-value products is essential to improve the economics. Biomass feedstock contributes to the majority of cost. LCA results shows that biomass-based PAN has advantages over oil-based PAN to reduce climate change and fossil depletion however requires more water usage. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 3708–3718, 2015
“Gay in the Bank, Queer in the Streets”: The Intersection of LGBTQQ and Social Class Identities

Calls from the counseling literature have highlighted a need for the examination of intersections between marginalized identities and identities of social class. This article investigates the intersection of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning (LGBTQQ) identity and social class. The authors review current literature and scholarship on these intersections, identify key issues between the intersection of these two identities, and discuss critical strategies for counselors to engage with the intersection of social class and LGBTQQ identities. Recommendations for counseling research, training, practice, and advocacy are discussed.
Association between prenatal exposure to ambient diesel particulate matter and perchloroethylene with children's 3rd grade standardized test scores.

Abstract The objective of this research was to determine if prenatal exposure to two common urban air pollutants, diesel and perchloroethylene, affects children's 3rd grade standardized test scores in mathematics and English language arts (ELA). Exposure estimates consisted of annual average ambient concentrations of diesel particulate matter and perchloroethylene obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency's 1996 National Air Toxics Assessment for the residential census tract at birth. Outcome data consisted of linked birth and educational records for 201,559 singleton, non-anomalous children born between 1994 and 1998 who attended New York City public schools. Quantile regression models were used to estimate the effects of these exposures on multiple points within the continuous distribution of standardized test scores. Modified Poisson regression models were used to calculate risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of failing to meet curricula standards, an indicator derived from test scores. Models were adjusted for a number of maternal, neighborhood and childhood factors. Results showed that math scores were approximately 6% of a standard deviation lower for children exposed to the highest levels of both pollutants as compared to children with low levels of both pollutants. Children exposed to high levels of both pollutants also had the largest risk of failing to meet math test standards when compared to children with low levels of exposure to the pollutants (RR 1.10 95%CI 1.07,1.12 RR high perchloroethylene only 1.03 95%CI 1.00,1.06; RR high diesel PM only 1.02 95%CI 0.99,1.06). There was no association observed between exposure to the pollutants and failing to meet ELA standards. This study provides preliminary evidence of associations between prenatal exposure to urban air pollutants and lower academic outcomes. Additionally, these findings suggest that individual pollutants may additively impact health and point to the need to study the collective effects of air pollutant mixtures. Key Words: air toxics, academic outcomes, urban health, tetrachloroethylene, air pollutant mixtures
Hypnotically induced boredom and time estimation

One of the primary obstacles to research on boredom and subjective time experience is seen to be the lack of techniques which permit quick, precise boredom manipulations. The use of posthypnotic cues for this purpose is suggested and performed on a single male subject. Four degrees of boredom triggered by cues in the waking state show a remarkably consistent and significant effect on production time estimates of five and ten seconds; the higher the boredom, the longer the subjective duration. The use of hypnosis for such research problems, i. e., the effect of subjective experiences on apparent duration, is advised.
Selected Biological Effects of Ultrasound

That ultrasound could produce effects in biological systems became apparent at its inception near the end of World War I when techniques for locating submarines were being developed. Among such pursuits were those of Langevin (Wood and Loomis, 1927) who was investigating an acoustic method in which a piezoelectric transducer was excited by a Poulsen arc converter to vibrate at the resonance frequency of the structure and emit ultrasound into the bay at Toulon. Since the electric potentials applied to the quartz plate at times were as high as 40,000 V, the amplitude of the acoustic wave was appreciable and small fish and other marine animals were found dead in the vicinity of this radiation. Because of its inherent instability, the Poulsen arc was unsuitable for detailed investigation of these phenomena, and serious study awaited the development of the vacuum—tube oscillator for use as the piezoelectric transducer driver.
The Making of the Japanese Physicist

The image of a hi-tech samurai has often been invoked to describe Japan’s post-World War II economic success. But such references to the role of Japan’s warrior class go back to the beginning of the twentieth century. “Scratch a Japanese of the most advanced ideas, and he will show a samurai”1—so wrote Inazō Nitobe in his classic text, Bushido: The Soul of Japan, first published in 1900 and then in a revised form in 1905, the year of Japan’s victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). Nitobe, who studied politics and international relations at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore during the years 1884–1887, develops an argument, along the lines that “What Japan was she owed to the samurai.”2 He suggests that the samurai became an ideal for the Japanese and that the spirit of bushidō permeated all social classes.3
Cognitive Behavioral Treatments for Substance Use Disorders

Publisher Summary This chapter describes therapeutic approaches and then explains how they are combined for Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT represents a synthesis of two therapeutic traditions: behavior therapy and cognitive therapy. Behavior therapy employs interventions based on classical and operant conditioning. Cognitive behavioral therapy combines behavior therapy and cognitive therapy by applying learning theory to both observable behavior and to thoughts and emotions as well. CBT is based on social learning theory and the assumption that behavior, including maladaptive behavior such as substance abuse, is learned through a combination of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modeling. When applied to substance use disorders, the CBT approach suggest that individuals first learn to use drugs or alcohol by observing other people using them. If their observations convince them to try a substance, then operant conditioning can occur as the individual experiences pleasurable effects and uses the substance repeatedly in order to recreate those effects. Anticipation of substance use can create a strong desire, or craving, and, consequently, elimination of craving by using the substance is strongly reinforcing. Classical conditioning contributes to dependence when substance use is paired repeatedly with environmental cues, such as certain people, locations, objects, times, situations, and moods.
The empty place: Legal formalities and the cultural state

This essay aims to provoke conversation about the hegemony of what it terms the Cultural State - a kind of legal managerialism predicated on a concern with carving out a space for cultural difference within a liberal capitalist political system - by tracing some of the troubling consequences of the culturalist foundations of debates about a particular kind of formalism in colonial Fiji. The essay then presents an anthropological understanding of the uses of legal formalities surrounding title registration by the victims of the Cultural State. The essay argues that, for Part-Europeans in Fiji, legal formalities created what it terms an Empty Place - a set of actual places shielded from the reach of the Cultural State, and also a set of anti-hegemonic possibilities for living in the shadow of the hegemony of identity and cultural politics. The essay culminates with an anthropologically based argument for the possibilities, rather than the constraints, to be found in legal form.
Axially uniform magnetic field-modulation excitation for electron paramagnetic resonance in rectangular and cylindrical cavities by slot cutting.

Abstract In continuous-wave (CW) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) a low-frequency time-harmonic magnetic field, called field modulation, is applied parallel to the static magnetic field and incident on the sample. Varying amplitude of the field modulation incident on the sample has consequences on spectral line-shape and line-height over the axis of the sample. Here we present a method of coupling magnetic field into the cavity using slots perpendicular to the sample axis where the slot depths are designed in such a way to produce an axially uniform magnetic field along the sample. Previous literature typically assumes a uniform cross-section and axial excitation due to the wavelength of the field modulation being much larger than the cavity. Through numerical analysis and insights obtained from the eigenfunction expansion of dyadic Green’s functions, it is shown that evanescent standing-wave modes with complex cross-sections are formed within the cavity. From this analysis, a W-band (94 GHz) cylindrical cavity is designed where modulation slots are optimized to present a uniform 100 kHz field modulation over the length of the sample.
Facilitating informed decisions about breast cancer screening: development and evaluation of a web-based decision aid for women in their 40s

Expert groups and national guidelines recommend individualized decision making about screening mammography for women in their 40s at low-to-average risk of breast cancer. We created Breast Screening Decisions (BSD), a personalized, web-based decision aid, to help women decide when to start and how often to have routine screening mammograms. We evaluated BSD in a large, prospective pilot trial of women and their clinicians. Women ages 40–49 were invited to use BSD before a scheduled preventive care visit. One month post-visit, users were asked about decisional conflict, knowledge, perceptions and worry about breast cancer and screening. They were also asked whether they had a screening mammogram since their visit, scheduled an appointment for a screening mammogram, or if they were planning to schedule an appointment within the next six months. Women who responded “no” to each of these successive questions were considered to have no plan for a screening mammogram within the next 6 months, unless they explicitly stated that they were unsure about screening mammography. Clinicians were surveyed regarding mammography discussions and perceived patient knowledge and anxiety. Of 1,100 women invited to use BSD, 253 accessed the website, and 168 were eligible to participate in the pilot study. One-fifth had a family history of breast cancer, and at least 76% had any prior mammogram. At follow-up, 88% of BSD users reported discussing mammography at their visit, and 77% said they had a screening mammogram since the visit or that they made or were planning to make a screening mammogram appointment. The average decisional conflict score was 22.5, within the threshold for implementing decisions. Decisional conflict scores were lowest in women who said that they had or planned to have a mammogram (mean 21.4, 95% CI 18.3-24.6), higher in those who did not (mean 24.8, 95% CI 19.2-30.5), and highest in those who were unsure (mean 31.5, 95% CI 13.9-49.1). Most BSD users expressed accurate perceptions of their breast cancer risk and the benefits and limitations of screening. A web-based decision aid may support informed, individualized decisions about screening mammography and facilitate discussions about screening between women in their 40s and their clinicians.
Student Engagement Across Distance Learning Models

BRIEF SESSION DESCRIPTION:This session will discussion the implications of distance learning based on a qualitative study on student engagement.________________________________________________________________FULL ABSTRACT: This presentation will focus on data from a qualitative study which compared how students engage in either traditional asynchronous or on demand distance education models as teacher preparation programs continue the shift towards distance education given its accessibility, flexibility, and popularity despite mixed findings about student content acquisition. Data from tracking statistics, emails, discussion posts, questionnaires, and time logs will be used to discuss implications for the knowledge base of teaching and learning online.For more information about engaging students:AÂ https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/teaching/engaging-students-in-discussion
Microcatheter balloon pinning technique to facilitate wiring of a left circumflex chronic total occlusion.

Introduction Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are commonly encountered during diagnostic angiograms. With recent advances, especially in experienced centers, success rates with CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have approached 80% or higher. It is important to note that despite these advancements in techniques, CTOs remain difficult to treat. We present a case of a left circumflex artery (LCX) CTO that was successfully revascularized using a microcatheter balloon pinning technique that allowed additional wire support. Case Report A 77-year-old woman status post 2 vessel coronary artery bypass graft surgery presented with new onset angina at rest and was found to have a patent graft to the left anterior descending artery, and an unrevascularized proximal LCX CTO. PCI was attempted with a micro catheter using an antegrade approach. This approach was unsuccessful due to the lack of support and the left circumflex angle. As a result, we used a balloon to pin the microcatheter to the wall of the left main to allow for successful wiring of the LCX. A stent was successfully deployed in the LCX. and the patient was discharged from the hospital two days later. At follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and returned to her usual activity. Discussion After conducting a thorough literature search, it appears that this is the first case that a microcatheter has been pinned with a balloon. We believe that in LCX CTOs that require support, the microcatheter pinning technique can provide adequate support in wiring CTO's. LCX CTOs can be very difficult to treat, we present a case of a LCX CTO that required the use of the microcatheter balloon pinning technique to allow additional wire support for successful wiring and ultimately treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Review: Pierre Chareau: Modern Architecture and Design

Pierre Chareau: Modern Architecture and Design Jewish Museum, New York 4 November 2016–26 March 2017 Measured in relation to its historical significance, Pierre Chareau's material legacy is vanishingly small. The canonical Maison de Verre (1932), a glass and steel-frame residential structure in Paris, meticulously restored by its current owner, is the sole survivor of his mere five built works. A few examples of furniture pieces by Chareau are held in museum collections, with the exceptionally rare remainder secreted in private holdings, and the archival traces slight and scattered. These facts alone would have made the comprehensive exhibition at the Jewish Museum, the first in the United States, a feat of scholarly probing and curatorial muscle. But through the combined intuitions of the curator, Esther da Costa Meyer, and the designer, Elizabeth Diller of Diller Scofidio + Renfro, the show accomplished something more elusive still—something like an act of conjuring. The brief flowering of Chareau's work took place largely in interwar Paris, suspended between two global cataclysms. Married to a Jewish woman, his own heritage murky, Chareau did not escape the vast displacements of the second. After he immigrated with his family to the United States at the beginning of the 1940s, his career foundered, untethered from an haute bourgeois clientele and, more profoundly, orphaned from a perished aesthetic and intellectual culture. The exhibition sketched out the architect's cultural circles and included examples from the Chareaus’ notable collection of modern art. In exile, the architect's talent was undiminished, as evidenced by the remarkable small house he built for the artist Robert Motherwell on Long Island …
A Child Rights and Social Justice Framework for Analyzing Public Policy

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States (U.S.). Despite data that supports HPV vaccine as an effective measure to prevent anogenital cancers, vaccine uptake rates in the U.S. have stagnated over the past few years and only one third of adolescents are fully immunized. Adolescents are able to independently access STI diagnosis and treatment in all fifty states and the District of Columbia. However, only California allows adolescents to obtain HPV vaccine without parental consent. This creates a paradox where youth are able to independently receive treatment for HPV infection but not for its prevention. Current approaches to HPV vaccine education and delivery have not been successful at improving immunization rates. In this paper we propose the implementation of a child rights, social justice, and health equity-based approach to frame HPV vaccine policy. Such an approach to vaccine policy will promote children’s participation in medical decision-making. We postulate that by empowering children to be involved in issues pertaining to their health and well-being, they will be more likely to discuss HPV with their peers or families, and potentially be able to make informed independent decisions related to HPV vaccine.
SC: Hardware approaches to machine learning and inference

Advances in artificial intelligence are already changing how computing systems interact with users and interact with their environments, with further dramatic changes on the horizon. In this context, machine learning and inference operations have become a critically important computational workload, and the importance of this workload will continue to increase. Today, GPU-, CPU-, and FPGA-based engines dominate the compute landscape for learning and for inference, but the exploration of alternative, enhanced, or complementary compute capability in this problem space is an active and growing research area. In this short course, we will provide a framework for understanding some of the computational challenges in machine learning and inference and discuss emerging technical approaches aimed at meeting those challenges.
Designing Good Sampling Plans for Characterizing Pesticide Pollution

The first stage in addressing chemical pollution typically involves sampling and analysis to understand the nature of the pollution, its extent, and potential effects. A detailed sampling and analysis plan is a crucial component of this first stage; it not only ensures that data of appropriate quality will be obtained but also forces one to ask and address important questions about the range of potential data needs and the expected remedial objectives. The plan must specify the procedure(s) by which samples are collected, the sample locations, and the appropriate sample number. It must also describe how samples are to be handled, transported and analyzed. Proper consideration of these elements of the plan will yield data that provide a solid foundation on which to based all subsequent activities.
Comment on 'International Monetary Regimes' (by Charles Goodhart and Dimitrios Tsomocos)

This paper is a comment on "International Monetary Regimes" by Charles Goodhart and Dimitrios Tsomocos which can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2523492.
Interaction between superoxide dismutase and dipalmitoylphosphotidylglycerol bilayers: a fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic study.

Purpose. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, converts peroxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide. Liposomes have been used as carriers for SOD to enhance its antioxidant effect. Our previous DSC study has suggested that SOD binding to dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) may protect lipid membranes against oxygen-mediated injury. We now present FT-IR studies on the effect of DPPG binding on the temperature-induced SOD folding-unfolding process.
New Physics with the New Apparatus: High Resolution Optical Detection and Large, Stable Electric Fields

With the reasonable conditions of KRb molecules in the new apparatus reported in the last chapter (and further improvements expected), we are ready to start exploiting its novel capabilities. Again, these capabilities include large, versatile electric fields; AC electric field polarization control; and high resolution in situ detection and addressing. I will now discuss our work in the new apparatus which uses these tools. Note that at the time of this writing our work on some of these subjects is very preliminary and limited. Nevertheless, this chapter is intended to describe current research directions, and directions we are preparing to investigate imminently.