cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using Ground Eggshells as a Liming Material in Corn and Soybean Production

Eggshells are a byproduct from egg breaking facilities and potentially useful as an amendment for liming soils. Ground eggshells were evaluated as a liming material at two sites in Iowa with acidic surface soil. The study compared soil pH response and corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain yield with multiple rates of agricultural lime (aglime) and ground eggshells (eggshells). Eggshells proved to be an effective liming material and land application for soil pH correction offers a practical use of eggshells. However, the reported effective calcium carbonate equivalent (ECCE) value for the ground eggshells was low as soil pH increase was greater than found with equivalent ECCE rates from aglime. Based on the soil pH responses in this study, it is suggested that ground eggshell ECCE values should be increased 2 to 3 times from reported values. That correction should help avoid over-application and unintended high soil pH levels.
Current oscillations generated by precipitate formation in the mixing zone between two solutions inside a nanopore

Unlike biological protein pores in lipid membranes, nanopores fabricated in synthetic materials can withstand a wide range of environmental conditions including the presence of organic solvents. This capability expands the potential of synthetic nanopores to monitor chemical reactions occurring at the interface between solutions of organic and aqueous character. In this work, nanopores fabricated in borosilicate glass or silicon nitride connected a predominantly organic solvent to an aqueous solvent, thereby generating a mixing zone between these solutions inside the pore. This configuration was exploited to precipitate small organic molecules with low aqueous solubility inside the nanopores, and concomitantly, to monitor this precipitation by the decrease of the ionic conductance through the nanopores over time. Hence, this method provides a means to induce and investigate the formation of nanoprecipitates or nanoparticles. Interestingly, precipitates with a slight electric charge were cleared from the pore, causing the conductance of the pore to return to its original value. This process repeated, resulting in stable oscillations of the ionic current. Although such oscillations might be useful in fluidic logic circuits, few conditions capable of generating oscillations in ionic currents have been reported. The frequency and amplitude of oscillations could be tuned by changing the concentration of the precipitating molecule, the pH of the electrolyte, and the applied potential bias. In addition to generating oscillations, nanopores that separate two different solutions may be useful for monitoring and mediating chemical reactions in the mixing zone between two solutions.
Initial experience with the Cordis stent: analysis of serial angiographic follow-up.

To evaluate the efficacy of the more flexible Cordis stent, a prospective angiographic follow-up study was performed. Implantation of the Cordis stent was attempted in 99 consecutive patients with 103 native coronary lesions from January 1994 to July 1995. Clinical success, defined as final diameter stenosis of or = 50%) occurred in 23% of the lesions; a revascularization procedure of the target lesion was required in 12% of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified age, diabetes mellitus, and preprocedural reference diameter to be predictors of angiographic restenosis. In conclusion, the Cordis stent can be implanted successfully with a low complication rate and a clinical outcome at least comparable to other stent studies.
Parent alcohol problems and peer bullying and victimization: child gender and toddler attachment security as moderators.

This study examined the association between parents' alcoholism and peer bullying and victimization in middle childhood in 162 community-recruited families (80 girls and 82 boys) with and without alcohol problems. Toddler–mother attachment was assessed at 18 months of child age, and child reports of peer bullying and victimization were obtained in 4th grade. There was a direct association between fathers' alcohol symptoms and bullying of peers, as well as indirect association via toddler–mother attachment security. Multiple group models indicated that the direct association between parents' alcohol symptoms and bullying was significant for boys but not girls. The association between maternal alcohol symptoms and bullying was significant for secure but not insecure boys or secure/insecure girls. The association between fathers' alcohol symptoms and bullying was significant for insecure boys but not secure boys or secure/insecure girls.
Near-real-time analysis for REACTS

Subsurface aqueous contamination is a widespread environmental problem often associated with legacy mining and milling sites. Bioremediation is a method to address the typically vast scale of subsurface contamination. Current bioremediation suffers from long durations between data collection and analysis performed. We present our work-in-progress on a closed-loop wireless bioremediation system, REACTS (near-REal-time Autonomous bioremediation of ConTamination in the Subsurface). We also present the initial development of a parallel algorithm that is needed for near-real-time analysis of collected geophysical data, with the intention of using this parallel algorithm for in-network processing within REACTS's wireless sensor network.
Dynamics of haplotype frequency change in a CD8+TL epitope of simian immunodeficiency virus

Deep pyrosequencing of a CD8+TL epitope from the Tat protein of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from four infected rhesus macaques carrying the restricting MHC allele (Mamu-A*01) for that epitope, revealed that natural selection favoring escape mutations led to an increase in the frequency of haplotypes in the epitope region that differed from the inoculum. After 20 weeks of infection, a new sequence haplotype in the epitope region had increased to a frequency greater than 50% in each of the four monkeys (range 57.9-98.9%); but the predominant haplotype was not the same in all four monkeys. Thus, even under strong selection favoring escape from CD8+TL recognition, the random nature of mutation itself is the primary factor affecting which escape mutation is likely to become predominant within an individual host. The relationship between the frequency of the inoculum haplotype in the epitope region and time post-infection approximated a simple hyperbola. On this assumption, the expected ratio of the frequencies at the inoculum at two times t(1) and t(2), f(i)(t(2))/f(i)(t(1)), will be given by t(1)/t(2). Because standard phylogenetic methods for reconstructing ancestral sequences failed to predict the inoculum sequence correctly, we used this relationship to predict the inoculum sequence with 100% accuracy, given data on haplotype frequencies at different time periods.
Rap1GAP regulates renal cell carcinoma invasion

Although patients with localized and regional kidney tumors have a high survival rate, incidence of mortality significantly increases for patients with metastatic disease. It is imperative to decipher the molecular mechanisms of kidney tumor migration and invasion in order to develop effective therapies for patients with advanced cancer. Rap1, a small GTPase protein, has been implicated in cancer cell growth and invasion. Here, we profile migratory and invasive properties of commonly used renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and correlate that with expression and function of the Rap inactivator Rap1GAP. We report that levels of Rap1GAP inversely correlate with invasion but not migration. We also report that forced over-expression of Rap1GAP decreases invasion of RCC cells but does not impact their rate of proliferation. Low expression levels of Rap1GAP in RCC cells are due, at least in part, to promoter hypermethylation. Rescued expression of Rap1GAP with a demethylating drug, decitabine (5-azadC), decreases the RCC SN12C cell invasion of collagen, fibronectin, and Matrigel matrices. RCC cell lines express distinct levels of cell adhesion proteins and the forced over-expression of Rap1GAP attenuated levels of both cadherins and integrins that are known to regulate the cancer cells invasion. These results demonstrate that targeted restoration of Rap1GAP expression may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis of kidney cancers.
Selective Attention in Dysphoric Individuals: The Role of Affective Interference and Inhibition

The present study was designed to examine attentional functioning in dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals. A paradigm was used that permits an examination of processes involved in both affective interference and affective inhibition. While processing neutral stimuli, dysphoric participants exhibited both elevated interference and an inhibitory bias for negative, but not for positive, distractors. In contrast, nondysphoric participants did not demonstrate either interference for, or inhibition of, positive or negative distractors. Moreover, across all participants, level of interference was related to level of inhibition. Implications of these results for understanding the processing of emotional information in dysphoria and depression are discussed and directions for future research are advanced.
Nonoperative Ablative Procedures for Recurrent Cancer

In 2009, there was an estimated 37,200 new cases of thyroid cancer detected in the United States. This astounding 206% increase in incidence over the course of a decade makes thyroid cancer the most common endocrine malignancy. The rise has partially been attributed to the increased use of ultrasonography for cancer detection and more rigorous surveillance with this imaging modality for disease recurrence. The majority of these small cancers found with imaging are of the papillary subtype, which accounts for 75–85% of all thyroid malignancies, and have a reported 10-year survival rate of 90–98%. Papillary and follicular carcinomas are both well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (WDTC). These tumors have an excellent prognosis with surgery as the primary mode of therapy.
A microfluidic device for epigenomic profiling using 100 cells

ChIP-seq performed in a microfluidic device on chromatin isolated from as few as 100 cells allows the profiling of epigenetic histone marks.
Low Rates of Adoption and Implementation of Rapid HIV Testing in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs

Introduction Rapid HIV testing (RHT) greatly increases the proportion of clients who learn their test results. However, existing studies have not examined the adoption and implementation of RHT in programs treating persons with substance use disorders, one of the population groups at higher risk for HIV infection.
Semi-Supervised Learning Using Multiple One-Dimensional Embedding Based Adaptive Interpolation

We propose a novel semi-supervised learning (SSL) scheme using adaptive interpolation on multiple one-dimensional (1D) embedded data. For a given high-dimensional dataset, we smoothly map it onto several different 1D sequences, so that the labeled subset is converted to a 1D subset for each of these sequences. Applying the cubic interpolation of the labeled subset, we obtain a subset of unlabeled points, which are assigned to the same label in all interpolations. Selecting a proportion of these points at random and adding them to the current labeled subset, we build a larger labeled subset for the next interpolation. Repeating the embedding and interpolation, we enlarge the labeled subset gradually, and finally reach a labeled set with a reasonable large size, based on which the final classifier is constructed. We explore the use of the proposed scheme in the classification of handwritten digits and show promising results.
Sharpening Your Creativity Skills: Generating Ideas for New Products

One of the most important skills to possess in the global Internet Age is creativity. People who are creative and innovative will be of great value to any organization that employs them. Moreover, creativity is a valuable skill to have if one wishes to be an entrepreneur. This paper demonstrates numerous ways to develop new products. This paper can be used by instructors who want to use this as a course module in a management, entrepreneurship, or marketing courses to enhance the creative skills of students. It will also be of value to future entrepreneurs who have interest in creating a new product.
Outfall diffuser behavior in stratified ambient fluid.

A method for the preparation of design charts for estimating the mixing behavior from outfall diffusers in stagnant stratified ambient fluids is presented. Numerical analyses by traditional integral methods which consider the interaction and merging of individual port charges are used to predict the diffuser behavior. Predictions for the maximum height of plume rise and minimum dilution at that point are presented in the form of design curves. Experimental data for the cases of a single and opposing rows of horizontal ports are presented and compared to the numerical results. Additional data of the thickness and vertical location of the horizontally spreading layer developed after the maximum reached are presented. The numerical model was found to be inaccurate for cases of discharges with significant initial momentum. A criterion is developed to indicate when this effect will be important.
Animal model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury for human traumatic axonal injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease featured with tauopathy. CTE is tightly related with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), which is interchangeably known as concussion (McKee et al., 2009, 2013). This disease is differentiated by neuropathological features from other neurological diseases that involve tau protein aggregation and tangle formation abnormalities like Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17). The differentiation of CTE from other neurodegenerative diseases provides helps on exploring the mechanism of etiology and seeking potential treatment for this disease. Repetitive mTBI is usually evident in civilians participating in contact sports and in military personnel engaging in combat. Due to the number of individuals partaking in these high-risk environments, the general public concern has heightened in concordance to the reveal of many new CTE cases. Despite increased awareness, the mechanisms of CTE are still unknown and there are no effective therapies to help slow the progression of the devastating disease. The heterogeneity of human CTE cases and the complexity of patients’ backgrounds make it difficult for scientists to specify the links between mTBI and CTE using epidemiological or clinical approaches; appropriate animal models are effective in exploring cause-and-effect relationships.
Enabling flow-level latency measurements across routers in data centers

Detecting and localizing latency-related problems at router and switch levels is an important task to network operators as latency-critical applications in a data center network become popular. This however requires that measurement instances must be deployed at each and every router/switch in the network. In this paper, we study a partial deployment method called Reference Latency Interpolation across Routers (RLIR) to support network operators' requirements such as incremental deployment and small deployment complexity without losing localization granularity and estimation accuracy significantly.
Action of foot-and-mouth disease virus and metabolic poisons on bovine kidney culture cells.

SummaryBovine kidney culture cells were found to be resistant to high concentrations of poisons of the glycolytic cycle, the citric acid cycle, and the cytochrome oxidation chain, as measured by respiration and cell loosening from the glass. Infection with FMDV had no influence on the results, and it may be that respiration of the cells is more dependent on other metabolic cycles. Iodo-acetate and fluoride, present in concentrations which caused large decreases in glycolysis, decreased virus production more than any other poisons. Malonate had an insignificant effect on virus production, while the larger effect of fluoroacetate was probably due to its action in removing viral precursors. The fact that maintenance of infected cells in an anaerobic environment did not affect virus production was a further indication that glycolytic sequences of the host cell are more essential to viral replication than oxidative sequences.
Uncommon Leptomeningeal and Dural Based Disorders in a Community Based Hospital (P03.144)

Objective: To describe the clinical, radiological and neuropathological manifestations, response to treatment, and prognosis of non-meningothelial disorders diagnosed at the community hospital. Background Leptomeningeal and dural involvement as detected by neuroimaging is problematic to diagnose because of the broad differential diagnosis. However, it frequently requires an aggressive diagnostic approach as exact diagnosis is crucial for appropriate treatment and prognosis. Design/Methods: We retrospectivelly indentified nine patients with rare leptomeningeal disorders, treated in our facility over the last eight years. All diagnoses were pathologically confirmed. Collected data included demographics, neurological symptoms, radiographic and biopsy/autopsy findings. Results: Two patients were diagnosed with disseminated primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis, three with isolated CNS lymphoma involving meninges or dura, one with Rosa-Dorfman disease, one inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and two with granulomatous disorder. Among the patients with lymphoma, two had diffuse large B cell lymphoma and one had marginal zone lymphoma (MALToma). Patients with leptomeningeal gliomatosis had progressive course with fatal outcome. Neurological manifestations included encephalopathy, cognitive decline and subsequent paraparesis. One patient required placement of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt for acute hydrocephalus. The other patients, including lymphoma cases, responded well to treatment and so far all but one have remained in remission. In this group, clinical manifestations included headaches and seizures that were controlled on anticonvulsants. Conclusions: Based on our experience, uncommon leptomeningeal and dural disorders need to be aggressively investigated as treatment of some disorders can be successful. Neurologists in a community based practice should have a high level of clinical awareness and be familiar with a variety of leptomeningeal disorders othe than infection and leptomeningeal spread from metastatic cancer. Disclosure: Dr. Bronstein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pinsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Danesh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Khoiny has nothing to disclose. Dr. Petrovic has nothing to disclose.
Rhodium Phosphine−π-Arene Intermediates in the Hydroamination of Alkenes

A detailed mechanistic study of the intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes with amines catalyzed by rhodium complexes of a biaryldialkylphosphine is reported. The active catalyst is shown to contain the phosphine ligand bound in a κ(1), η(6) form in which the arene is π-bound to rhodium. Addition of deuterated amine to an internal olefin showed that the reaction occurs by trans addition of the N-H bond across the C═C bond, and this stereochemistry implies that the reaction occurs by nucleophilic attack of the amine on a coordinated alkene. Indeed, the cationic rhodium fragment binds the alkene over the secondary amine, and the olefin complex was shown to be the catalyst resting state. The reaction was zero-order in substrate, when the concentration of olefin was high, and a primary isotope effect was observed. The primary isotope effect, in combination with the observation of the alkene complex as the resting state, implies that nucleophilic attack of the amine on the alkene is reversible and is followed by turnover-limiting protonation. This mechanism constitutes an unusual pathway for rhodium-catalyzed additions to alkenes and is more closely related to the mechanism for palladium-catalyzed addition of amide N-H bonds to alkenes.
Defect Sites on TiO2(110). Detection by O2 Photodesorption

The TiO2(110) surface, prepared with different densities of anion vacancy defect sites, has been investigated by studies of O2 photodesorption at 105 K. Two separate O2 photodesorption processes, α1 and α2, are detected and are postulated to be due to the presence of two different types of defect sites produced by annealing the crystal in vacuum before O2 adsorption. The measured photodesorption cross sections for these two states are Qα1-O2 = (3.1 ± 0.2) × 10-16 cm2 and Qα2-O2 = (4.3 ± 0.3) × 10-17 cm2 for 3.96 ± 0.07 eV photons. Both O2 states photooxidize CO chemisorbed on the reduced TiO2(110) surface. While the yield of the CO2 photoproduct increases with increasing crystal annealing temperature (and increasing defect coverage), the yield of α1-O2 and α2-O2 passes through a maximum at an annealing temperature of ∼600 K.
High expression of human serum albumin in milk of transgenic mice directed by the goat β-casein gene promoter region

We have constructed a mammary gland expression vector that contained the goat β-casein gene promoter, 5′upstream regulatory region, exons 1,2, intron 1 as well as the human serum albumin (hALB) mini-gene (including the full-long sequences of hALB cDNA and its intron 1). Injection of the vector into mouse tail veins showed that the recombinant construct was expressed only in mammary glands. The vector was microinjected into the mouse fertilized eggs, followed by transferring the eggs into the foster mice. 33 F0 mice were obtained. Of the 33, 8 mice (5♀, 3 ♂) were transgenic with hALB gene integration identified by PCR as well as Southern blot hybridization. The integration rate was 24.2% (8/33). Western blot analysis showed that 3 female transgenic mice had hALB expression in their milk. The hALB contents in milk reached 3.54, 0.21 and 3.03 g/L, respectively.
Chemical changes to woody polymers due to high-temperature thermal treatment assessed with near infrared spectroscopy.

Near infrared spectroscopy and an original approach for visualisation of spectra are proposed here for characterisation of vacuum thermally modified samples of eight wood species representing softwoods and hardwoods. Significant changes in absorption bands were observed in conjunction with an increase of treatment temperature. A novel method for visualisation of the degradation patterns (xylograms) is capable of highlighting peculiarities in chemical changes to woody polymers due to the thermal treatment. This method also allows observation of kinetics and permits comparison of thermal stability of investigated species. Such knowledge might be helpful for further optimisation of thermal treatment procedures at an industrial scale. Furthermore, xylograms as a simple and illustrative method might be suitable for visualisation of other modification processes of wood as well as of other materials.
The incision and wound closure in blunt abdominal trauma.

Because blunt trauma frequently leaves considerable doubt as to the extent and location of the organ or organs injured, the incision used must allow for complete exploration of the abdominal cavity and give adequate exposure for carrying out any surgical procedure indicated. The midline incision is readily made and gives excellent exposure for any quadrant of the abdomen, and may be extended into the chest when necessary. The use of a more anatomic incision may restrict the surgeon considerably. Care must be given to the making and repair of the wound, since several factors which mitigate against primary wound healing may be at work in every case of blunt trauma to the abdomen.
Coenzyme B12-Catalyzed Radical Isomerizations

Cobalamins are complex organometallic cofactors essential for catalysis in three enzyme families, the isomerases, methyltransferases and reductive dehalogenases. This account focuses on the isomerases, which catalyze difficult and unusual 1,2-rearrangement reactions. These enzymes utilize AdoCbl as a radical reservoir. They induce homolytic cleavage of the Co-C bond of the cofactor thus generating a highly reactive 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical that initiates the radical rearrangement process. Over the past decade, structure-function and computational studies of several members of the isomerase family have provided interesting insights into the mechanism of AdoCbl-dependent radical isomerizations. In particular, these studies have revealed the critical role played by the protein in catalyzing the trillion-fold rate enhancement of Co-C bond homolysis, in shielding radical intermediates from adventitious side-reactions and in facilitating the rearrangement process itself.
Simplified Performance Model for Hybrid Wind Diesel Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with the simplified performance model for hybrid wind diesel systems. The chapter describes the latest preliminary performance (or screening) model developed for hybrid wind systems at the University of Massachusetts. The corresponding computer code allows one to rapidly evaluate the performance of wind systems with one or identical multiple wind turbines, one or more identical diesels, with or without energy storage. In addition to an overview of this model, the chapter presents two examples of its use, including a comparison of performance results with Hybrid2, a detailed model for hybrid system performance modeling. The results of the examples and the comparison with Hybrid2 illustrates that WndScreen3 can yield predictions close to those of a much more detailed model for a number of cases of interest. Thus, this model can be quite useful in giving a preliminary assessment of the potential for a few types of wind/diesel systems in an arbitrary application. Finally, the chapter concludes that, there are certain dispatch strategies, which can make more effective use of the storage and the diesels than can the simple one used in WndScreen3.
Retail Internships: An Experiential Learning Challenge

AbstractExperiential learning has become an important component of the instructional process in many disciplines. The presence of this teaching technique offers significant opportunities and challenges for marketing educators. To adopt the experiential learning technique, one has to recognize that the underlying infrastructure of knowledge, skill, and self-evaluation is facilitated by an integrated process. One realm of experiential learning, internship, will be examined in this article. Through modeling and a written instructional component that merges theory and practice, an integrated internship process is presented. The structurally controlled internship program was designed for the retail environment and incorporates the Mazur Plan as a theoretical base. This structured, theory-driven internship format focuses triad members (university coordinator, employment supervisor, and intern) on the intern’s knowledge and skill development as well as personal growth. Models coupled with a written component ena...
A computational model of S-selection

We develop a probabilistic model of S(emantic)-selection that encodes both the notion of systematic mappings from semantic type signature to syntactic distribution – i.e., projection rules – and the notion of selectional noise – e.g., C(ategory)-selection, L(exical)-selection, and/or other independent syntactic processes. We train this model on data from a large-scale judgment study assessing the acceptability of 1,000 English clause-taking verbs in 50 distinct syntactic frames, finding that this model infers coherent semantic type signatures. We focus in on type signatures relevant to interrogative and declarative selection, arguing that our results suggest a principled split between cognitive verbs, which select distinct proposition and question types, and communicative verbs, which select a single hybrid type.
Medical Oncologists’ and Surgeons’ approaches to communication of breast cancer recurrence risk.

6543 Background: Risk of breast cancer recurrence can be estimated with tools such as Adjuvant! Online, but little is known about how medical oncologists and surgeons use such tools or communicate ...
The influence of exurban landscapes and local site characteristics on riparian vegetation

The southern Appalachian Mountains have experienced large population growth and a change in land use in the past 30 years. The majority of development has been low density, suburban land, known as exurban development. The long-term effects of exurbanization on riparian vegetative communities in the southeastern Appalachian Mountains are not well known. We sought to determine if vegetative community composition and structure change as a function of watershed–level variables such as time since neighborhood development or percent impervious surface within the watershed. We also assessed local–scale measures of disturbance such as canopy cover and basal area. Over two years we sampled a total of 27 streams in exurban watersheds ranging in age from four to forty-four years, along with eight forested streams. Watershed–scale variables such as neighborhood age and impervious surface cover did not influence the aspects of riparian vegetation community we measured. Canopy cover, a measure of local habitat disturbance, offered better predictions of vegetation community metrics. Exurban neighborhoods and their landowners may have the potential to manage for riparian vegetation through the use of maintained stream buffer zones along the entire length of the stream.
A New Format for ITV

ITV AND THE LECTURE METHOD Although instructional television has long passed out of its infancy, the pattern of television teaching has remained basically the same in many schools. ITV has usually been employed either as a replacement for the classroom teacher or as a medium to present enrichment material. In both cases, the television lecturer has usually told, explained, and demonstrated the lesson using visuals in the same manner as the classroom teacher in the traditional setting. The result of this technique has been to restrict rather than to expand the function of both kinds of teaching and to fragment rather than to unify the total learning experience. Because the classroom teacher is usually required to follow up what the television lecturer has presented, he is placed in a subordinate role. At the same time, the television instructor has come to be stereotyped as an "expert." Television has therefore been justly described as a "talking textbook" (Frazier, 1960). It is not surprising, then, that the majority of experiments designed to compare the effectiveness of classroom and television teaching using the lecture method have reported no significant differences (Schramm, 1962). However, these findings should not be interpreted to mean that students learn equally well in either situation and therefore it doesn't matter whether or not television is used. This shallow conclusion can lead only to a ra-
Biogeochemistry of a River-Dominated Estuary Influenced by Drought and Storms

Increased frequency and severity of droughts, as well as growing human freshwater demands, in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River Basin are expected to lead to a long-term decrease in freshwater discharge to Apalachicola Bay (Florida). To date, no long-term studies have assessed how river discharge variability affects the Bay’s phytoplankton community. Here a 14-year time series was used to assess the influence of hydrologic variability on the biogeochemistry and phytoplankton biomass in Apalachicola Bay. Data were collected at 10 sites in the bay along the salinity gradient and include drought and storm periods. Riverine dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate inputs were correlated to river discharge, but chlorophyll a (Chl a) was similar between periods of drought and average/above-average river discharge in most of the Bay. Results suggest that the potentially negative impact of decreased riverine nutrient input on Bay phytoplankton biomass is mitigated by the nutrient buffering capacity of the estuary. Additionally, increased light availability, longer residence time, and decreased grazing pressures may allow more Chl a biomass to accumulate during drought. In contrast to droughts, tropical cyclones and subsequent increases in river discharge increased flushing and reduced light penetration, leading to reduced Chl a in the Bay. Analysis of the time series revealed that Chl a concentrations in the Bay do not directly mirror the effect of riverine nutrient input, which is masked by multiple interacting mechanisms (i.e., nutrient loading and retention, grazing, flushing, light penetration) that need to be considered when projecting the response of Bay Chl a to changes in freshwater input.
The dacetine ant Strumigenys arizonica, an apparent obligate commensal of the fungus-growing ant Trachymyrmex arizonensis in southwestern North America

Over 40 years ago, the dacetine ant Strumigenys arizonica was discovered in a nest of the fungus-growing ant Trachymyrmex arizonensis at Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains of the southwestern United States. This discovery suggested that the two species form compound nests, but this hypothesis has not been investigated. Here, we characterize this symbiosis through an analysis of collection records supplemented by recent field and laboratory observations. Our observations show that S. arizonica and T. arizonensis form compound nests that are a type of commensalistic symbiosis. Individuals of S. arizonica forage in galleries and tunnels of T. arizonensis nests but do not steal fungus or brood. Instead, individuals of S. arizonica hunt collembolans in the internal refuse piles of T. arizonensis nests. Interestingly, S. arizonica was never found independent of its host T. arizonensis over a significant portion of the geographic range of T. arizonensis. These results suggest a tight but asymmetric association where compound nesting is obligate for S. arizonica and facultative for T. arizonensis.
Robust relationship between air quality and infant mortality in Africa

Poor air quality is thought to be an important mortality risk factor globally1-3, but there is little direct evidence from the developing world on how mortality risk varies with changing exposure to ambient particulate matter. Current global estimates apply exposure-response relationships that have been derived mostly from wealthy, mid-latitude countries to spatial population data4, and these estimates remain unvalidated across large portions of the globe. Here we combine household survey-based information on the location and timing of nearly 1 million births across sub-Saharan Africa with satellite-based estimates5 of exposure to ambient respirable particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) to estimate the impact of air quality on mortality rates among infants in Africa. We find that a 10 μg m-3 increase in PM2.5 concentration is associated with a 9% (95% confidence interval, 4-14%) rise in infant mortality across the dataset. This effect has not declined over the last 15 years and does not diminish with higher levels of household wealth. Our estimates suggest that PM2.5 concentrations above minimum exposure levels were responsible for 22% (95% confidence interval, 9-35%) of infant deaths in our 30 study countries and led to 449,000 (95% confidence interval, 194,000-709,000) additional deaths of infants in 2015, an estimate that is more than three times higher than existing estimates that attribute death of infants to poor air quality for these countries2,6. Upward revision of disease-burden estimates in the studied countries in Africa alone would result in a doubling of current estimates of global deaths of infants that are associated with air pollution, and modest reductions in African PM2.5 exposures are predicted to have health benefits to infants that are larger than most known health interventions.
Lymphedema symptoms and limb measurement changes in breast cancer survivors treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and axillary dissection: results of American College of Surgeons Oncology Group (ACOSOG) Z1071 (Alliance) substudy.

Lymphedema is a potential complication of breast cancer treatment. This longitudinal substudy aimed to prospectively assess arm measurements and symptoms following neoadjuvant chemotherapy and axillary dissection in the ACOSOG/Alliance Z1071 trial to characterize the optimal approach to define lymphedema. Z1071 enrolled patients with cT0-4, N1-2, M0 disease treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. All patients underwent axillary dissection. Bilateral limb volumes, circumferences, and related symptoms were assessed pre-surgery, 1–2 weeks post-surgery, and semiannually for 36 months. Lymphedema definitions included volume increase ≥ 10% or limb circumference increase ≥ 2 cm. Symptoms were assessed by the Lymphedema Breast Cancer Questionnaire. In 488 evaluable patients, lymphedema incidence at 3 years by ≥ 10%-volume-increase was 60.3% (95% CI 55.0–66.2%) and by ≥ 2 cm-circumference increase was 75.4% (95% CI 70.8–80.2%). Symptoms of arm swelling and heaviness decreased from post-surgery for the first 18 months and then were relatively stable. The 3-year cumulative incidence of arm swelling and heaviness was 26.0% (95% CI 21.7–31.1%) and 30.9% (95% CI 26.3–36.3%), respectively. There was limited agreement between the two measurements (kappa 0.27) and between symptoms and measurements (kappa coefficients ranging from 0.05–0.09). Lymphedema incidence by limb volume and circumference gradually increased over 36 months post-surgery, whereas lymphedema symptoms were much lower. These findings underscore the importance of prospective surveillance and evaluation of both limb measurements and symptom assessment. Lymphedema incidence rates varied by definition. We recommend that ≥ 10% volume change criterion be used for lymphedema evaluation for referral for specialist care. NCT00881361
Identification, Estimation, and Inference in Cointegrated Systems

Chapters 3 and 4 provide technical background for the empirical applications conducted in Chapters 6–8. In this Chapter we examine identification, estimation and testing hypotheses in models characterized by long-run relations that may prevail in nonstationary time series data. The discussion does not break new ground, but brings together important points that span in a wide range of literature. At the same time, there is no attempt to incorporate all contributions that have been made in this area. The discussion is “complete” only in the sense that it provides a unified approach to dealing with the econometric issues inherent in the consideration of nonstationary macroeconomic aggregates. We tackle issues in the sequence they are typically encountered in applied work. The discussion spans issues of structural identification, estimation and inference, and structural stability while implications for dynamic analysis are discussed in Chapter 4. The discussion is aimed at those readers wishing to acquaint themselves with an econometric approach for empirical analysis of models characterized by integrated and cointegrated variables. In later chapters the techniques are illustrated with applications that pertain to a long-run money demand relation, but the methodology may be applied in a number of areas. Chapter 3 begins by providing background on nonstationarity and the implications that unit roots have for estimation of a stable long-run money demand function. In section 3.2 procedures designed to detect unit roots are discussed.
A Note on the Uniform Laws for Dependent Processes Via Coupling

In this note we investigate the coupling of a class of dependent sequences with an independent one having the same marginal distributions. This method is then used to prove that a uniform law of averages for this class holds if a similar law holds for the associated independent sequence.
Parent–Child Relationship

This article considers characteristics and processes of parent–child relationships during the many changes that take place during adolescence. Evidence suggests that the content and quality of parent–child relationships, rather than the action of either parents or children alone, determines the nature and extent of family influence on child development. This article is divided into five sections. First, we consider theoretical accounts of how adolescent development may impact parent–child relationships. Second, we consider how parent–child relationships may influence adolescent development. Third, we consider how parent–child closeness may impact the developmental course of parent–child relationships and individual differences in these trajectories. Fourth, we consider how parent–child conflict may impact the same developmental trends and individual differences. Finally, we consider how varying forms of parent–child closeness and parent–child conflict may impact adolescent outcomes over time. In each of these areas, special attention will be given to the role of social, cultural, and contextual factors surrounding parent–child relationships.
Ley Federal Del Derecho De Autor

TEXTO VIGENTE D. O. F. 24 DE DICIEMBRE DE 1996 Al margen un sello con el Escudo Nacional, que dice: Estados Unidos Mexicanos.Presidencia de la Republica. ERNESTO ZEDILLO PONCE DE LEON, Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, a sus habitantes, sabed: Que el Honorable Congreso de la Union, se ha servido dirigirme el siguiente DECRETO "EL CONGRESO DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS, DECRETA: LEY FEDERAL DEL DERECHO DE AUTOR TITULO I DISPOSICIONES GENERALES CAPITULO UNICO ARTICULO 1o.La presente Ley, reglamentaria del articulo 28 constitucional, tiene por objeto la salvaguarda y promocion del acervo cultural de la Nacion; proteccion de los derechos de los autores, de los artistas interpretes o ejecutantes, asi como de los editores, de los productores y de los organismos de radiodifusion, en relacion con sus obras literarias o artisticas en todas sus manifestaciones, sus interpretaciones o ejecuciones, sus ediciones, sus fonogramas o videogramas, sus emisiones, asi como de los otros derechos de propiedad intelectual. ARTICULO 2o.Las disposiciones de esta Ley son de orden publico, de interes social y de observancia general en todo el territorio nacional. Su aplicacion administrativa corresponde al Ejecutivo Federal por conducto del Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor y, en los casos previstos por esta Ley, del Instituto Mexicano de la Propiedad Industrial. Para los efectos de esta Ley se entendera por Instituto, al Instituto Nacional del Derecho de Autor. Articulo 3o.Las obras protegidas por esta Ley son aquellas de creacion original susceptibles de ser divulgadas o reproducidas en cualquier forma o medio. ARTICULO 4o.Las obras objeto de proteccion pueden ser: A. Segun su autor: I. Conocido: Contienen la mencion del nombre, signo o firma con que se identifica a su autor; II. Anonimas: Sin mencion del nombre, signo o firma que identifica al autor, bien por voluntad del mismo, bien por no ser posible tal identificacion, y III. Seudonimas: Las divulgadas con un nombre, signo o firma que no revele la identidad del autor;
Harnessing Competencies, Capabilities and Resources

The importance of identifying and fostering corporate “capabilities” has been confused with creating competencies. Competencies are unique products or services, often created in the R&D labs, which...
Das Subjekt in Zeiten medialen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels

Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage nach der medialen Konstitution von Subjekt und Subjektivitat, die in der Kommunikationswissenschaft bisher erstaunlicherweise wenig Berucksichtigung fand. Die analytische Bezugnahme auf den Mediatisierungsansatz ermoglicht ein holistisches Verstandnis von Subjekt, Kommunikation und Medien. Am empirischen Beispiel der Medien(sub)kultur der Retro-Gamer untersucht der Beitrag empirisch, inwieweit Computerspieler nicht nur im Moment des Computerspielens, sondern auch in langfristiger Hinsicht durch ihr mediales Hobby hinsichtlich ihrer personlichen Entwicklung und sozialen Vergemeinschaftung gepragt werden. Die Befunde verdeutlichen zwei Dimensionen von Subjektivierungsprozessen: zum einen der reflexive Umgang mit Computerspielen und damit die Subjektivierung durch Spiele und Spielkontexte, zum anderen das nostalgische Erinnern an spezifische Spiele und Spielkontexte, das von der ersten Dimension analytisch klar zu trennen ist.
Comparison of variable selection methods prior to linear discriminant analysis classification of synthetic phenethylamines and tryptamines

Abstract Identification of emerging synthetic designer drugs is challenging in the absence of reference materials for subsequent mass spectral comparison. In this work, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) models were developed and validated for the characterization of compounds according to structural class based on mass spectral features. A set of synthetic phenethylamines and tryptamines was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the resulting spectra were probed to identify characteristic variables (m/z values) for model development. Two approaches were used to select characteristic variables. First, ions known to be characteristic of each compound class were selected, resulting in a total of 13 variables that were used to develop an LDA model. Following cross validation of the model, a test set of phenethylamines and tryptamines was classified, resulting in a successful classification rate of 93%. In the second approach, principal components analysis (PCA) was used as a more objective method for variable selection. With this approach, a total of 9 variables were selected and the resulting LDA model generated a successful classification rate of 86%. While the classification success of each LDA model was similar, the PCA method for variable selection is substantially less time consuming than the more detailed approach that requires probing mass spectra for characteristic features. Classification models such as those reported here have potential utility for the class characterization of emerging analogs for which reference materials are not yet available.
Optimized Growth of Gallium Oxide Thin Films Using Different Synthesis Processes

This paper investigates the optimized sputtering conditions for high quality gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films while maintaining a strong uniformity within a specific surface area. The research also analyzes the crystal structure and the morphology of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films. We report a comprehensive investigation of two different types of Ga2O3 synthetization processes: (1) direct deposition using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputter technique and (2) thermal oxidation of gallium nitride (GaN) samples. A detailed comparison is presented in terms of material characterization, surface analysis and electrical performance for each of the synthetization processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are employed to study the gallium oxide (Ga2O3) epi-layers on each of the samples. Based on the analysis, Ga2O3 compound is found on all samples with a binding energy ranging from 21 eV to 21.38 eV. Depending on the synthetization process, the thickness varied from 20 nm to 100 nm for RF sputtering process and a maximum of ~ 400 nm for thermal oxidation method. Additionally, the observations revealed that Ga2O3 is formed on the surface, as well as inside the gallium nitride (GaN) film after thermal oxidation. Crystal features are observed on the surface of each of the samples after annealing treatment while XRD analysis showed the presence of the beta (β) polymorph for the annealed samples. After thorough characterization, radio frequency sputtering technique proved to be superior due to its higher purity level and ability to create polycrystalline structures by adding temperature during deposition.