cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of bowel obstruction at the time of initial presentation in women with ovarian cancer.

Objective To determine whether the presence of bowel obstruction at the time of initial presentation has any prognostic significance in these women. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Dedicated gynaecological oncology service of a large tertiary institution. Population Women who had a bowel obstruction as part of their initial presentation of ovarian cancer were identified between 1995 and 2007. Each woman was matched with four control women (with disease but no obstruction). Methods Women with disease were compared with controls to determine the impact, if any, of bowel obstruction at presentation. Several prognostic variables including bowel obstruction were also evaluated in a Cox proportional hazard model. Main outcome measures Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results Forty-eight women with disease and 192 controls were identified during the study period. The median follow-up period was 19 months among women with disease versus 20 months in controls. No differences were seen in demographics and clinical characteristics of the women. Optimal cytoreduction rate was similar between the two groups (75% versus 78%, P = 0.7). Patients with bowel obstruction had a shorter PFS and OS compared with controls [19 months versus 21 months (P = 0.01) and 22 versus 35 months (P = 0.008)], respectively. Bowel obstruction at presentation was an independent prognostic variable with a hazard ratio of 1.5 (P = 0.009). Other prognostic variables were age, stage and extent of surgical cytoreduction. Conclusions Bowel obstruction at the time of initial presentation is an adverse prognostic factor in women with ovarian cancer.
Perceptions of working and living conditions among industrial male and female workers in Perú

OBJECTIVE To further investigate Peruvian blue collar workers' perceptions of their conditions of work and find out relationships between these conditions and overall worker well being. METHODS A survey study conducted on-the-job via a self-administered questionnaire translated into Spanish. Main study variables included work satisfaction, self-reported health status, musculoskeletal pain, and mental distress symptoms. Working conditions and extra-organizational factors were included in this multilevel assessment using multiple regression analyses. PARTICIPANTS Blue collar workers from the formal manufacturing sector in Lima, Peru. RESULTS A total of 305 women and 761 men completed the questionnaires. Female and male perceptions of their work environment differed significantly in magnitude and occasionally in direction. Among women, the extra-organizational factors played a key role in perceived mental distress. For men, task and organizational aspects together with the extra-organizational factors were important correlates of life and work satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The combination of higher strain due to work plus extra-organizational factors for women is an important finding in this study and is critical for developing ideas about interventions in IDCs. Inclusion of extra-organizational factors contributed to a better understanding of workers' job satisfaction and health.
Teaching with Tablet PC's

Tablet PC's are traditional notebook computers with the ability to process digital ink by writing with a stylus. They have recently attracted attention as a potential tool for educational use. This paper describes the author's experience using the Tablet PC to conduct a CS1 course and a software engineering (SWE) course. The SWE course consisted primarily of PowerPoint lectures while the CS1 course consisted primarily of hand-written material. For both courses the Tablet PC was used in the classroom was digital whiteboard by connecting it to a data projector. The lecture material was archived and accessed electronically for future reference by the students. To capture real-time gesturing and audio commentary, the CS1 course was recorded using screen capture technology. Outside of the classroom, the Tablet PC is also a useful tool for grading, creating lecture material, and capturing meeting notes. Student feedback regarding use of the Tablet PC has been extremely positive.
Thermostable mutants of kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase are also more stable to proteinase K, urea, detergents, and water-miscible organic solvents

A series of variants of kanamycin nucleotidyltransferase (KNTase), isolated previously on the basis of enhanced thermostability by cloning and selection for enzymatic activity in the thermophile Bacillus stearothermophilus, was used to systematically test the hypothesis that thermostable enzymes would also be more resistant to other forms of protein denaturation. The purified KNTases were treated with proteinase K or assayed at 37 degrees C in the presence of urea, N-lauroylsarcosine, Triton X-100, tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, or dimethylformamide. With all these agents, the KNTases displayed increasing resistance to denaturation in the order: wild type, mutant TK9 (with a Thr130-->Lys substitution), TK1 (Asp80-->Tyr), and TK101 (both substitutions). This is the same order in which their thermostability increases, indicating that the structural mechanism(s) whereby the mutations yield enhanced resistance to heat denaturation also yield stabilization towards chemical forms of enzymatic inactivation. These results suggest that selection in thermophiles is a useful method to obtain enzyme variants with increased overall stability, even at nonthermophilic temperatures.
The Fullness of Empathy: Reflections and Illustrations

Seven core values are said to undergird the profe.ysion %ccupationalthempy, with empathy seruin[.; as a hallmark 0/ one ojthose ualues - personal dl/,fl1i ty, This inquily explores the meaning oj' emjJath), within a practice (hat holds occupation at its center, The !it­ erature on e711path), in both philosophy and the behcw ioral sciences yields cogent thoughts about the ji,illness o/empathv and its characteristic actions, The Healing Heart, the biograjJhv oj' a pioneer therapist, Ora Rug­ gles, sholl'S the manner in which occujJational thera­ pists can be empathic in their practice These rejlec­ tions and illustrations seme to sharpen the vision or occupational tberapists as persons teho reach /01' both the hands and tbe hearts ofothers,
Persistence of a hypnotic dissociative reaction.

Abstract A case is presented in which a hypnotic suggestion persisted as a disabling symptom. Examination of the dynamics of this unusual occurrence suggests a “readiness” for symptoms, important secondary gains, and considerable passive-aggression.
Peroneus Longus Tears Associated With Pathology of the Os Peroneum

The peroneal tendons have a range of different types of pathology. The peroneus longus tendon is less commonly involved compared to the peroneus brevis. The os peroneum is a unique accessory bone within the substance of the peroneus longus tendon, which can contribute to this pathology. Fracture, enlargement, degeneration, or entrapment of the os peroneum at the level of the cuboid tunnel or peroneal tubercle can cause functional impairment or tear of the peroneus longus tendon (Sobel et al., Foot Ankle 15(3):112–124, 1994; Stockton and Brodsky, FAI 35(4):346–352, 2014). Clinically, patients can develop plantar-lateral hindfoot pain and functional weakness. The diagnosis is usually clinically obvious based on tenderness at the cuboid tunnel or tubercle and pain with isolated testing of the peroneus longus against resistance. The diagnosis can be supported with plain radiographs, MRI, or CT scans. Conservative treatment varies depending on the severity and duration of the symptoms. Immobilization with casting or bracing, orthotics, NSAIDs, and physical therapy can be successful. Chronic cases tend to fare worse and often eventually need surgical intervention. Acute cases treated conservatively tend to have better results (Sobel et al., Foot Ankle 15(3):112–124, 1994; Sammarco, FAI 16(5):245–253, 1995). Surgical management options include excision of the os peroneum with either primary repair or longus to brevis tenodesis, assuming the brevis is salvageable. Open reduction internal fixation of a fractured os peroneum has also been described (Peacock et al., CORR 202:223–226, 1986). Surgical management tends to be successful in the majority of cases.
Evaluation of mitral stenosis with velocity-encoded cine-magnetic resonance imaging

Velocity-encoded cine-magnetic resonance imaging (VEC-MRI) is a new method for quantitation of blood flow with the potential to measure high-velocity jets across stenotic valves. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of VEC-MRI to measure transmitral velocity in patients with mitral stenosis. Sixteen patients with known mitral stenosis were studied. A 1.5 Tesla superconducting magnet was used to obtain velocity-encoded images in the left ventricular short-axis plane. Images were obtained throughout the cardiac cycle at 3 consecutive slices beginning proximal to the mitral coaptation point. To determine the optimal slice thickness for MRI imaging, both 10 mm and 5 mm thicknesses were used. Echocardiography including continuous-wave Doppler was performed on every patient within 2 hours of MRI imaging. Peak velocity was determined for both VEC-MRI and Doppler-echo images. Two observers independently measured the VEC-MRI mitral inflow velocities. Of the 16 patients, imaged data were incomplete in only 1 study, and all images were adequate for analysis. Strong correlations were found for measurements of mitral valve gradient for both 10 mm (peak r = 0.89, mean r = 0.84) and 5 mm (peak r = 0.82, mean r = 0.95) slice thicknesses. Measurements of peak velocity with VEC-MRI (10 mm) agreed well with Doppler: mean 1.46 m/s, mean of differences (Doppler MRI) 0.38 m/s, standard deviation of differences 0.2 m/s. These findings suggest that VEC-MRI can noninvasively determine the severity of mitral stenosis.
Cognitive performance-altering effects of electronic medical records: an application of the human factors paradigm for patient safety

According to the human factors paradigm for patient safety, health care work systems and innovations such as electronic medical records do not have direct effects on patient safety. Instead, their effects are contingent on how the clinical work system, whether computerized or not, shapes health care providers’ performance of cognitive work processes. An application of the human factors paradigm to interview data from two hospitals in the Midwest United States yielded numerous examples of the performance-altering effects of electronic medical records, electronic clinical documentation, and computerized provider order entry. Findings describe both improvements and decrements in the ease and quality of cognitive performance, both for interviewed clinicians and for their colleagues and patients. Changes in cognitive performance appear to have desirable and undesirable implications for patient safety as well as for quality of care and other important outcomes. Cognitive performance can also be traced to interactions between work system elements, including new technology, allowing for the discovery of problems with “fit” to be addressed through design interventions.
A Measurement of Clasp Forces on Teeth

Abstract A method that measures the force which clasps transmit to abutment teeth was developed and a comparative study was made between the effectiveness of a wrought wire clasp and that of a cast bar clasp. A transducer, using a resistance strain gauge, measured the flexure of clasps and the forces exerted by the clasps on abutment teeth. The cast bar clasps were more flexible than the wrought wire clasps of equal length. All of the clasps tested exerted forces against the teeth when the removable partial denture bases were at rest. The wrought wire clasps flexed a greater distance and exerted more force against the abutment teeth when the casting was seated and removed from the model. The forces exerted by the clasps when the casting bases were moved were different from each other and yet followed a pattern. The force increased for both types of clasps as the bases were depressed; however, the wrought wire clasp exerted more force than the cast bar clasps. The forces measured could be significant when the direction and the result of the forces were examined. The wrought wire clasps may tilt the abutment tooth distolingually and the cast bar clasp may force the tooth mesiolingually. The results of this study question some of the empirical theories used today to substantiate extension partial denture clasp designs. It appears that the theoretical and the practical do not always agree; therefore, the theoretical should be tested further.
Agriculture and the environment: An economic perspective with implications for nutrition

Abstract Agricultural production has harmed environmental quality primarily because of inadequately designed policies and natural resource projects. Hence, most of the harmful side effects of agriculture can be reduced or eliminated by replacing these `bad' institutions with policies and projects that create financial (dis)incentives for (un)desirable behavior. Provided appropriate policies are followed, environmental constraints should not keep people from meeting nutritional standards that emphasize more fruits, vegetables, and fish. Nutritional well-being can be achieved with policies and projects that give people sufficient access to food that has been produced with methods that minimize adverse impacts on the environment.
A plasma factor responsible for in vitro lysis of leucocytes by tuberculoprotein.

SummaryUnder the conditions of the experiments reported here, the cytolysis of human white blood cells by tuberculin occurs only in the presence of plasma from tuberculous subjects. White blood cells from healthy tuberculin-negative humans will undergo similar tuberculin cytolysis in the presence of such tuberculous plasma.
Legal issues in treating perpetrators and victims of violence.

The United States is a violent country. In 1990, nearly one third of the 19 million crimes against victims involved violence. 51 Psychiatrists increasingly are faced with the task of assessing perpetrators and victims of violence. Common situations involving an assessment of dangerousness include emergency psychiatric evaluations, civil commitment, release of a patient from the hospital, and the evaluation of outpatients who make threats towards others. Legal issues encountered in treating victims include mandatory reporting laws and domestic violence.
Nonlinear Mechanooptical Behavior of Uniaxially Stretched Poly(lactic acid): Dynamic Phase Behavior

The mechanooptical behavior of melt-cast amorphous poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) films in the rubbery state was investigated using an apparatus that allows for direct measurement of true stress, true strain, and birefringence in real time under well-controlled temperature over a wide range of stretching rates. Three distinct regimes of stress−optical behavior are observed during uniaxial deformation of PLA films in the rubbery state. Regime I deformation is characterized by adherence to the stress optical rule; within this regime, birefringence remains linearly proportional to stress with a stress optical constant of 3.1 GPa-1. This is followed by either a positive deviation from linearity into regime II at higher temperature and/or lower rates or a negative deviation into regime IIIa at lower temperatures and/or higher rates. Films exhibiting regime II behavior eventually deviate into regime IIIc behavior at higher levels of deformation. The appearance of regime II is associated with strain-induced crystalli...
National Educational Development Tests as a Predictor of College Entrance Examination Board Scholastic Aptitude Test Scores

The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive validity of composite scores on the National Educational Development Tests (NEDT-C) scores in the prediction of College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test (CEEB-SAT) total (T) scores. The subjects were 69 students in a private college preparatory school for girls. The data consisted of NEDT-C scores obtained during the subjects' ninth grade year and SAT-T scores obtained during the subjects' twelfth grade year. The NEDT-C yielded a correlation of .76 with the SAT-T. This correlation was statistically significant at the .01 level.
Hyperpigmented patches in the skin of the newt Notophthalmus viridescens

In the integument of the red-spotted newt there occasionally appear patches of skin which are at the same time melanistic and iridescent. Such hyperpigmented patches have been found on the back, on the tail and on the dorsal surface of both fore and hind limbs. Cytological examination of several such areas revealed the presence of large numbers of chromatophores distributed throughout the dermis. The majority of the chromatophores consisted of atypically large and dendritic melanophores, which contained typical pigment granules. The iridescence resulted from a high incidence of iridophores. Xanthophores also were found in considerable abundance. This extensive and apparently random intermingling of melanophores, iridophores and xanthophores in limited areas constitutes a striking exception to the usual distributional patterns of pigment cells in this animal.
Age of Onset: Can We Rely on Essential Tremor Patients to Report This? Data from a Prospective, Longitudinal Study

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is among the most prevalent neurological diseases. Age of onset, a key variable in neuroepidemiological and genetic research, is
Dynamics of supercooled fluids

The dynamics of supercooled fluids is investigated. This approach is based on a static mean field theory of freezing developed by Grewe and Klein and the dynamical theory of Cahn and Hilliard. A nonlocal term is introduced to the standard Landau-Ginsburg-Wilson Hamiltonian and the resulting dynamics are explored. It is shown that for short times the supercooled liquid is unstable to density fluctuations of a nonzero wavevectork. Thek at which this instability first appears is on the order of the inverse range of the interaction potential.
An Obsolescing Bargain in Chad: Shifts in Leverage between the Government and the World Bank

This paper applies the insights of obsolescing bargaining theory to a situation in which a host country interacted with both multinational corporations and an international organization, the World Bank. Drawing on resource curse literature and the Rubinstein bargaining model, we demonstrate the continued usefulness of obsolescing bargaining theory by explaining why the World Bank had to renegotiate its initial bargain with Chad in the Chad-Cameroon Oil Pipeline Project. The paper explores how specific bargaining parameters changed over time in this case and suggests how resource curse dynamics and their impact on domestic politics might be particularly relevant for bargaining between host countries and international actors. The case study serves as a warning to international financial institutions and corporations alike with regard to the ways in which obsolescing bargains can arise in the contemporary global political-economy.
Identification of a gene for α-tubulin in Aspergillus nidulans

Abstract This paper demonstrates that revertants of temperature-sensitive ben A (β-tubulin) mutations in Aspergillus nidulans can be used to identify proteins which interact with β-tubulin. Three benomyl-resistant ben A (β-tubulin) mutants of Aspergillus nidulans, BEN 9, BEN 15 and BEN 19, were found to be temperature-sensitive (ts − ) for growth. Temperature sensitivity co-segregated with benomyl resistance among the progeny of outcrosses of BEN 9, 15 and 19 to a wild-type strain, FGSC#99, indicating that temperature sensitivity was caused by mutations in the ben A gene in these strains. Eighteen revertants to ts + were isolated by selection at the restrictive temperature. Four had back-mutations in the ben A gene and fourteen carried extragenic suppressor mutations. Two of the back-mutated strains had β-tubulins which differed from the β-tubulins of their parental strains by one (1 − ) or two (2 − ) negative charges on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Although the β-tubulins of the extragenic suppressor strains were all electrophoretically identical to those of the parental strains, one of the suppressor strains, BEN 9R7, had an electrophoretic abnormality in α1-tubulin (1 + ). A heterozygous diploid between this strain and a strain with wild-type α1-tubulin was found to have both wild-type and mutant (1 + ) α1-tubulins. This experiment rules out post-translational modification as a possible cause of the α1-tubulin abnormality. Thus the suppressor mutation in BEN 9R7 must be in a structural gene for α1-tubulin. We propose that this gene be designated tub A to denote that it is a gene for α1-tubulin in A. nidulans.
The effect of temperature on actomyosin.

Abstract 1. The effect of temperature on the ATPase activity of actomyosin systems was studied. The Arrhenius plot for natural actomyosin was curved between o °C and 40 °C for the Mg 2+ -activated ATPase activity in the presence of calcium. A similar plot in the absence of calcium was linear over the same temperature range. The Arrhenius plot of the Mg 2+ -activated activity of desensitized actomyosin in both the presence and absence of calcium was linear up to 40 °C. The addition of troponin B and tropomyosin to desensitized actomyosin did not alter the linearity of the plots. However, when troponin A was added (to complete the regulatory system) a non-linear plot resulted. It is proposed that the characteristic curvature of the Arrhenius plots for the Mg 2+ -activated ATPase activity of natural actomyosin and myofibrils is a consequence of the binding of calcium to troponin A. 2. At temperatures above 40 °C all of the systems studied demonstrated a nonlinearity, which was not influenced to any great extent by the regulatory proteins. 3. As the temperature was increased above 20 °C calcium sensitivity became less and at 50 °C was lost. It is unlikely that this effect was due to either the oxidation of critical sulfhydryl groups or to an alteration of the calcium binding characteristics of troponin. A possible explanation is suggested.
SD-PCM: Constructing Reliable Super Dense Phase Change Memory under Write Disturbance

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has better scalability and smaller cell size comparing to DRAM. However, further scaling PCM cell in deep sub-micron regime results in significant thermal based write disturbance (WD). Naively allocating large inter-cell space increases cell size from 4F2 ideal to 12F2. While a recent work mitigates WD along word-lines through disturbance resilient data encoding, it is ineffective for WD along bit-lines, which is more severe due to widely adopted $\mu$Trench structure in constructing PCM cell arrays. Without mitigating WD along bit-lines, a PCM cell still has 8F2, which is 100% larger than the ideal. In this paper, we propose SD-PCM for achieving reliable write operations in super dense PCM. In particular, we focus on mitigating WD along bit-lines such that we can construct super dense PCM chips with 4F2 cell size, i.e., the minimal for diode-switch based PCM. Based on simple verification-n-correction (VnC), we propose LazyCorrection and PreRead to effectively reduce VnC overhead and minimize cascading verification during write. We further propose (n:m)-Alloc for achieving good tradeoff between VnC overhead minimization and memory capacity loss. Our experimental results show that, comparing to a WD-free low density PCM, SD-PCM achieves 80% capacity improvement in cell arrays while incurring around 0-10% performance degradation when using different (n:m) allocators.
DETECTION AND COGNITION WITHOUT AWARENESS.

The research reported in the present paper took as its poinc of deparmre Heinz Harunann's theory of ego psychology (4). According to Hartmann's formulations, certain ego processes are congenital and conflict-free in origin, that is, they do not originate as adaptations to ego-id conflict. Other ego processes, while originating as adaptations to conflictual situations, may become conflict-free and "automatized." An automatized ego process functions without conscious awareness of its functioning. It was the purpose of the presenc research to investigate two such unconscious, automatized ego processes. The unconscious nature of automatized ego activity suggested that studies of behavior without awareness might provide a source of informacion and suggestions of techniques suited to the study of the present problem. A study by F~threr and Eriksen (3) focused on the unconscious perception of verbal stimuli. When Ss were presented with stimuli at a level where "Ss can report the presence of the stimuli but cannot identify che stimuli" (i.e., a detection threshold), Fuhrer and Eriksen found no evidence that Ss could perceive meaning in the stimuli presented.
Response of xylem ray parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to field feezing sress, and to feeze-thaw cycle

Summary Protoplasm of xylem-ray-parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood ( Cornus sericea L.) contracted in response to a laboratory freezing stress (Ristic and Ashworth, 1994). It was not known, however, whether the response observed under laboratory conditions represents the situation under field conditions, and what is the response of the tissue upon thawing. Using freeze substitution, chemical fixation, and transmission electron microscopy, we have characterized the response of xylem-ray-parenchyma cells of red osier dogwood to field freezing stress, and examined the status of the protoplasm in relation to the cell wall after exposure to a freeze-thaw cycle. Xylem-ray-parenchyma cells responded similarly to both field and laboratory freezing stresses. Cell walls remained rigid and protoplasm contracted, and in most cells the protoplasm expanded and regained its original volume during thawing. The protoplasm of a few cells, however, remained contracted and appeared damaged after a freeze-thaw cycle. Invaginations of the plasma membrane were apparent in the xylem-ray-parenchyma cells at the early stage of thawing. Also, numerous gray droplets were evident in the protoplasm of recovered cells. The appearance of invaginations of the plasma membrane may indicate incorporation of a new membrane material into the plasma membrane and/or nonuniform thaw-induced protoplasm expansion.
An OLS analysis of the impact of colonialism on inter-country differentials in slum incidence in Africa

Abstract An ordinary least square (OLS) model is employed to examine the link between colonialism and slum incidence in Africa. Previous studies suggest a direct or positive link between these variables. This revelation is considered counter-intuitive. Consequently, the study reported here hypothesized a negative or inverse relation between the variables at the inter-country level. The analysis uncovered evidence supporting the hypothesized link. The findings suggest as follows. Given two types of countries, ‘A’ and ‘B,’ where the former experienced more intense colonialism, while the latter was less intensively colonized, ‘A’ would have a lower incidence of slums than ‘B.’ Thus, the conclusion that colonialism is associated with less, and not more, slum incidence. This relationship, at least within the context of the study reported here, holds true whether colonialism is operationalized in terms of the duration of colonialism, the level of colonial investment or the extent of colonially-induced urbanization. The strongest predictor of slum incidence as revealed in the study is the duration of colonialism. The population size of the main colonial city in 1960 came in last as a predictor of this phenomenon.
Model for enhanced photonium production

We elucidate a mechanism for the production of photonium, a set of resonances of the e+e− system. Due to their small, possibly vanishing, elastic width, the free space formation of these states is inhibited and external fields may substantially enhance their production. We develop a model for enhanced production based upon a three body mechanism involving a positron and a correlated pair of atomic electrons. Very strong sensitivity to the electron pair correlation is obtained. Decreasing this correlation by a factor of two over a range appropriate to inner shell orbitals of highZ atoms increases the photonium production cross section by eight orders of magnitude. For fixed correlation length, a sharp peak is found in the production cross section as the incoming positron energy is varied through a region near threshold for photonium production via this three body mechanism.
Outcomes in patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular disease undergoing heart transplantation.

Objectives We sought to determine outcomes in patients with and without symptomatic cerebrovascular disease (sCVD) undergoing heart transplantation. Second, we sought to determine factors associated with stroke in the perioperative period after heart transplantation. Background sCVD is considered a relative contraindication to heart transplantation. Despite this concern, outcomes in patients with sCVD undergoing heart transplantation have not been well defined. Methods Data on all single-organ heart transplants performed in the United States between April 1994 and December 2006 in patients age 40 years or older were analyzed. Survival analysis was performed to examine the effect of sCVD on the combined outcome of stroke or death, stroke, death, and functional decline, adjusting for potential confounding variables over long-term follow-up. In a separate analysis, predictors of perioperative stroke during the transplant-related hospitalization were examined using multiple logistic regression. Results There were 1,078 patients with and 16,765 patients without sCVD. The annualized rates of stroke or death (11.5% vs. 7.8%; p Conclusions Patients with sCVD are at an increased risk of stroke and functional decline after transplantation independent of other variables, but not death, during long-term follow-up. These results should assist programs in making informed decisions in patients with sCVD who are undergoing evaluation for heart transplantation.
Belief and the basis of meaning

A theory of radical interpretation gives the meanings of all sentences of a language, and can be verified by evidence available to someone who does not understand the language. Such evidence cannot include detailed information concerning the beliefs and intentions of speakers, and therefore the theory must simultaneously interpret the utterances of speakers and specify (some of) his beliefs. Analogies and connections with decision theory suggest the kind of theory that will serve for radical interpretation, and how permissible evidence can support it.
Effect of Diabetes Medications on Cardiovascular Risk and Surrogate Markers in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective:To evaluate the effect of diabetes medications on the risk of cardiovascular disease and surrogate markers.Data Sources:Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1950–July 2008) and PubMed...
Microfluidic chip for molecular amplification of influenza A RNA in human respiratory specimens.

A rapid, low cost, accurate point-of-care (POC) device to detect influenza virus is needed for effective treatment and control of both seasonal and pandemic strains. We developed a single-use microfluidic chip that integrates solid phase extraction (SPE) and molecular amplification via a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify influenza virus type A RNA. We demonstrated the ability of the chip to amplify influenza A RNA in human nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens collected at two clinical sites from 2008–2010. The microfluidic test was dramatically more sensitive than two currently used rapid immunoassays and had high specificity that was essentially equivalent to the rapid assays and direct fluorescent antigen (DFA) testing. We report 96% (CI 89%,99%) sensitivity and 100% (CI 95%,100%) specificity compared to conventional (bench top) RT-PCR based on the testing of n = 146 specimens (positive predictive value = 100%(CI 94%,100%) and negative predictive value = 96%(CI 88%,98%)). These results compare well with DFA performed on samples taken during the same time period (98% (CI 91%,100%) sensitivity and 96%(CI 86%,99%) specificity compared to our gold standard testing). Rapid immunoassay tests on samples taken during the enrollment period were less reliable (49%(CI 38%,61%) sensitivity and 98%(CI 98%,100%) specificity). The microfluidic test extracted and amplified influenza A RNA directly from clinical specimens with viral loads down to 103 copies/ml in 3 h or less. The new test represents a major improvement over viral culture in terms of turn around time, over rapid immunoassay tests in terms of sensitivity, and over bench top RT-PCR and DFA in terms of ease of use and portability.
Beamspace MIMO for high-dimensional multiuser communication at millimeter-wave frequencies

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) systems operating from 30–300GHz provide a unique opportunity for meeting the exploding capacity demands on wireless networks. In addition to orders-of-magnitude larger bandwidths, the small wavelengths at mm-wave enable high-dimensional multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation. However, fully exploiting the advantages of mm-wave requires prohibitively high transceiver complexity when using conventional MIMO techniques. In this paper we propose and analyze the sum capacity of several linear, reduced-complexity multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO) precoders that exploit the concept of beamspace MIMO (B-MIMO) communication - multiplexing data onto orthogonal spatial beams that serve as approximate channel eigenfunctions. Due to quasi-optical propagation at mm-wave, MIMO channels are expected to be low-rank and the low channel rank is manifested in the sparsity of the beamspace channel matrix. This enables near-optimal rank and complexity reduction via the concept of multi-beam selection. We present numerical capacity results that demonstrate the reduced-complexity B-MIMO precoders are able to closely approximate the performance of their full-dimensional counterparts with complexity that tracks the number of mobile stations (MSs). In mm-wave systems, where the number of MSs is expected to be much lower than the system dimension, this enables a considerable reduction in the digital signal processing complexity and in systems equipped with analog beamforming front-ends the hardware complexity is also reduced. Thus, the proposed reduced-complexity multiuser precoders provide a near-optimal route for achieving multi-Gigabit/s sum rates in mm-wave MU-MIMO networks with the lowest transceiver complexity.
A role for cAMP in the development of functional neuromuscular transmission

We have found that the incidence of functionally connected neuron-myotube pairs in chick ciliary-myotube cultures increases from 58% to more than 90% when the cells are treated for several hours with 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (8-br-cAMP) or with agents known to increase intracellular cAMP. The increase in connectivity was not accompanied by a change in neuron survival, or in the length of neurite-myotube contact. Moreover, there was no change in the shape of the presynaptic action potential, in mean end plate potential (epp) amplitude or in the sensitivity of postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). One interpretation of these results in that a cAMP-dependent phosphorylation acts as a trigger to activate a previously "silent" synapse.
The primitive function of an exact symplectomorphism

Let be the zero-section of the cotangent bundle T* of a real analytic manifold . Let F:(T*,)→(T*,) be a real analytic local diffeomorphism preserving the canonical symplectic form ω = dα of T*, where α denotes the Liouville form. Suppose that F*α - α is an exact form dS. We prove that we can reconstruct F from S and f = F|; if f is included into a flow, then F can be included into a Hamiltonian flow.
New Teachers for New Students: A Teacher Education Program for the Linguistically Diverse

(2011). New Teachers for New Students: A Teacher Education Program for the Linguistically Diverse. Childhood Education: Vol. 87, Teacher Education Programs: In the Midst of Change, pp. 318-322.
Natural Convection in an Attic-Shaped Space Filled With Porous Material

This article reports an analytical study of natural convection in a wedge-shaped horizontal space filled with a fluid-saturated porous medium. The study focuses on the detrimental effect of natural convection on the insulation value of an atticshaped porous layer in "winter" conditions (cold roof, warm ceiling). The study reveals the most basic features of the temperature field and flow pattern established in the porous layer. The study addresses two distinct flow regimes: (a) the shallow attic limit (H/L—0, RaH = finite, but fixed) and (b) the boundary layer regime which consists of a boundary layer driven bythesloped (roof) wall plus a core flow moving slowly along the horizontal (ceiling) wall. Heat-transfer results are developed for both flow regimes.
The Retention of Black Male Students in Texas Public Community Colleges

The purposes of this study were to ascertain which Texas public community colleges have been able to graduate the highest percentages of black males and to analyze the factors contributing to that achievement. An institutional questionnaire was developed, designed to elicit information regarding policies and/or practices directly related to the retention of black male students and mailed to each college in the top and bottom quartiles. On-site case studies were conducted at one institution each from the top and bottom quartiles. The focus of the case studies was to examine the setting, policies, procedures, programs, and culture of each campus for clues concerning their black male retention rate. Data collection was from interviews, observations, and collection of institutional artifacts. This study identified several retention strategies that differentiate institutions in the top quartile of black, male student graduation rate from institutions in the bottom quartile.
Assured Crew Return Vehicle flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics

A lifting body has been proposed as a candidate for the Assured Crew Return Vehicle which will serve as crew rescue vehicle for the Space Station. The focus of this work is on body surface definition, surface and volume grid definition, and the computation of inviscid flowfields about the vehicle at wind-tunnel conditions. Very good agreement is shown between the computed aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle at a freestream Mach number of 10 and those measured in wind-tunnel tests.
Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer Observations of the Narrow-Line Seyfert 1 Galaxy Arakelian 564

We present a 63 ks FUSE observation of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy Arakelian 564. The spectrum is dominated by the strong emission in the O VI lambdalambda1032, 1038 resonance doublet. Strong, heavily saturated absorption troughs due to Lyman series of hydrogen, O VI, and C III lambda977 at velocities near the systemic red shift of Ark 564 are also observed. We used the column densities of O VI and C III, in conjunction with the published column densities of species observed in the UV and X-ray bands to derive constraints on the physical parameters of the absorber through photoionization modeling. The available data suggest that the UV and X-ray absorbers in Ark 564 are physically related and possibly identical. The combination of constraints indicates that the absorber is characterized by a narrow range in total column density N(sub H) and U, centered at log V(sub H) is approximately 21 and log U is approximately - 1.5, and may be spatially extended along the line of sight.
Nonlinear coupling in the crossing-angle beam-beam interaction.

The effects of the beam-beam interaction with a small crossing angle on large-amplitude particles in an [ital e][sup +][ital e[minus]] collider are studied. An analytical resonance analysis method is developed to understand the nonlinear coupling resonance driving mechanism. The major effect of the crossing angle for large-amplitude particles is to drive the 5[ital Q][sub [ital x]][plus minus][ital Q][sub [ital s]]=integer resonance family. The analytic results are consistent with a computer simulation. The resonance is observed in the crossing-angle experiment in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring.
Electronic Properties of Semiconductors with Negative- U Centers

The concentration of free charge carriers $p$ as a function of the doping level $C$ [$p(C)$ characteristic] is calculated for a semiconductor containing defects with negative correlation energy $U$ of bound charge carrier pairs. It is shown that in a certain interval $p\ensuremath{\sim}{C}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ in contrast to the behavior of defects with positive correlation energy $U$ and of singly charged defects. Therefore, one has a simple criterion to prove experimentally whether a given kind of defect level has the negative-$U$ property or not.
Galilean subdynamics and the dual resonance model

Dynamics in Minkowski space is discussed in terms of an eight-parameter extended Galilei group, a subgroup of the Poincar\'e group. This method---Galilean subdynamics---is developed and discussed in detail and applied to the construction of two explicit models having four-point amplitudes of the Veneziano type. There are no difficulties with unphysical states.
Prescribed fire in Arizona chaparral: Effects on stream water quality

Abstract Prescribed fire in Arizona chaparral can be used to obtain temporary improvements in forage supplies and a mosaic of uneven-aged stands of chaparral to reduce risks of widespread wildfires. A paired-watershed study demonstrated that prescribed fire had a negligible effect on the ionic composition of streamflow from a chaparral watershed that had been converted by means of a herbicide to grasses, forbs, and scattered shrubs. Before the prescribed fire, nitrate concentrations from the converted watershed were about 10 × greater than those from the control watershed because of nitrate release associated with the conversion process. The fire did not cause further increases in nitrate concentration. Concentrations of sulfrte, bicarbonate, and chloride anions and of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium cations were not affected by the fire. Electrical conductivity and pH also were not influenced. Seasonal fluctuations in ionic concentrations coincided with seasonal variations in rainfall and streamflow. Nitrate concentrations increased during periods of high streamflow, but other anions and all cations decreased during periods of high flow. Electrical conductivity and pH remained relatively constant during the study.
Time dependence of material properties of polyethylene glycol hydrogels chain extended with short hydroxy acid segments

The objective of this work was to investigate the effect of chemical composition and segment number (n) on gelation, stiffness, and degradation of hydroxy acid-chain-extended star polyethylene glycol acrylate (SPEXA) gels. The hydroxy acids included glycolide (G,), L-lactide (L), p-dioxanone (D) and -caprolactone (C). Chain-extension generated water soluble macromers with faster gelation rates, lower sol fractions, higher compressive moduli, and a wide-ranging degradation times when crosslinked into a hydrogel. SPEGA gels with the highest fraction of inter-molecular crosslinks had the most increase in compressive modulus with n whereas SPELA and SPECA had the lowest increase in modulus. SPEXA gels exhibited a wide range of degradation times from a few days for SPEGA to a few weeks for SPELA, a few months for SPEDA, and many months for SPECA. Marrow stromal cells and endothelial progenitor cells had the highest expression of vasculogenic markers when co-encapsulated in the faster degrading SPELA gel.
Deconstructing the myth of the advanced practice blended role: Support for role divergence

Since the early 1980s, there has been discussion about combining the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) and nurse practitioner (NP) roles. Examination of recent nursing literature reveals renewed interest in differentiating, rather than combining, these 2 advanced practice roles. Research has shown that although the 2 roles share similarities, these advanced practice pursuits are more different than alike, both philosophically and practically. Despite curricular attempts at "blending" CNS and NP philosophies of nursing care and their distinctive domains of practice in master's level degree programs, the uniqueness of these roles in actual practice demands a continuation of educational differentiation in preparation. Both roles are important and address varied systems requirements. Each role has been shaped by population needs, education, market, and legal forces that transform with time. The differing ideologies of CNS and NP practice lead to diverse patient and system outcomes and reveal different researchable questions.
An extension of the congruence hypothesis: The effects of real products, branching format, similarity, and involvement

The congruence hypothesis predicts that consumers process information in the form presented. To test this hypothesis, this study examined how consumers adapt their choice processes to choice problems that varied on product class involvement, similarity among alternatives, and information format. To extend previous tests of the congruence hypothesis, the choice stimuli were sets of real, physically present products (instead of verbal descriptions). The stimuli varied on factors other than information format and included a new information format, branching, used by retailers. Thirty-six female consumers made six choices in a laboratory setting and provided concurrent verbal protocols. Analysis of the protocols supported the congruence hypothesis's predictions for each factor. The results suggest that product class involvement does not affect choice process structure, that similarity encourages attention to similar alternatives, and that information format strongly affects choice processes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Species variation in the atherogenic profile of monkeys: Relationship between dietary fats, lipoproteins, and platelet aggregation

Because lipoproteins and platelet aggregation have been implicated in atherogenesis, relative differences in the response of these variables to dietary fat saturation were compared in three species of monkeys differing in their susceptibility to atherosclerosis (cebus, rhesus, and squirrel monkeys). Both long-term (8–12 years) and short-term (8 weeks) responses to diets containing 31% fat calories were examined in the same monkeys. As expected, long-term feeding of coconut oil by comparison to corn oil produced significantly higher plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apoB, and triglycerides, as well as higher ratios of LDL/HDL cholesterol and apo B/apo A-I. These responses were characteristic of all species with cebus being most responsive and rhesus the least. The shortterm plasma cholesterol response to animal fats (butter, lard, beef tallow) was significantly less than that to coconut oil. When fish oil was substituted for two-thirds of either corn oil or coconut oil, exceptional decreases occurred in plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as in HDL cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations despite the fact that the fish oil diets contained more saturated fat and less polyenes than the corn oil diet. Platelet aggregation tended to increase with saturated fat consumption and greatly decreased with fish oil intake in all monkeys, although cebus monkeys were ten-fold more resistant to platelet aggregation than the other two species. The molecular species of platelet phosphatidylcholine (PC) varied with both the dietary fat fed and species of monkey. An inverse correlation (r=−0.60; p<0.001) was found between changes in one such PC molecular species (18∶0−20∶4) induced by diet and the platelet aggregation threshold. These results demonstrate that the lipemic and platelet responses to dietary saturated fat depend upon both the type of fat (i.e., the specific combination of dietary fatty acids, including the chain length of saturated fatty acids and the degree of polyunsaturation) and the species of monkey (genetic component) in which the response is elicited.