cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Teratogenic effects of 6‐aminonicotinamide in mice

6‐Aminonicotinamide (6‐AN), a potential broad‐spectrum rodenticide, was examined for embryotoxic and teratogenic potential. Mice of the BALB/c strain were given a single oral dose of 1, 17, 34, 51, or 136 mg/kg on one of days 8 to 13 of gestation. Fetuses were either examined on day 18 post coitum (prenatal study), or allowed to go to term and examined 2 days after birth. Dam weights were significantly reduced (p <0.01) at dose levels of 17 mg/kg and greater. These same dose levels caused a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in litter size and in mean fetal weight. They also caused an increase in the number of resorptions. Hydrocephalus and cleft palate were the most frequent visceral anomalies and were dose‐dependent. Skeletal anomalies were also dose‐dependent, and the fetus was most susceptible on days 8 to 10 post coitum. A significant (p < 0.05) Increase in the ratio of female to male fetuses was observed at dose levels of 34 mg/kg and greater. Surviving 2‐day‐old pups had few visceral anomalies but ske...
L 1 adaptive controller with additional uncertainty bias estimation

This paper presents an L1 adaptive controller with an additional approximator in the adaptive law. The new approximator is used to estimate biases in system uncertainties. The benefit of this approach is the ability to maintain performance with increased integration step-size. This is an important improvement because hardware sampling time is a limitation in any real-world application. The improvements of this design are verified in simulation using two different step-sizes, and comparing the results to the traditional L1 controller.
A population-based analysis of survival factors in differentiated and medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Abstract Objective: The study purpose was to determine survival and prognostic factors for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Methods: Cases of DTC were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database from 1988 through 1998. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for papillary, follicular, and medullary histologies. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to examine the influence of age, gender, tumor size, local extension, and cervical node involvement on overall survival. Results: A total of 18,118 cases were identified, including 15,820 (87.3%) papillary carcinomas, 1799 (9.9%) follicular carcinomas, and 499 (2.8%) medullary carcinomas. Mean survival (10-year survival) was 122 (87.7%), 117 (80.2%), and 108 (73.7%) months for papillary, follicular, and medullary tumors, respectively. For each histology, increasing age, male gender, and degree of local extension substantially reduced survival. Cervical metastasis did not influence survival for papillary or follicular carcinomas but approached significance for medullary carcinoma (P = 0.065). Conclusions: Degree of local extension in thyroid carcinoma should be subclassified to more accurately determine prognosis. Treatment of the neck should be considered for medullary thyroid carcinoma. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;128:115-23.)
The Conservation of Momentum in the Beta-Decay of Y 90

Monolayer sources of yttrium (90) are formed by evaporation in a vacuum of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ mm of Hg. The momentum of individual recoil ions is measured by timing their flight in a field free space. The positively charged Zr (90) recoils appear to lose about 6-electron volts energy as they escape from the surface. If a 6-electron volt correction is made to the observed recoil spectra, there is good agreement regarding shape and absolute amplitude with those recoil spectra calculated on the assumption of a neutrino-electron angular correlation function of ${(1\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\beta}cos\ensuremath{\theta})}^{2}$. For this function the most probable angle between the neutrino and the electron is \ensuremath{\sim}135\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. These results are in agreement, within experimental error, with earlier data obtained with ${\mathrm{P}}^{32}$. The exact limits of error due to chemical effects at the surface cannot yet be assigned, so it is not possible to make a definite selection of the form of the neutrino-electron angular correlation function.
Theory of the Nonhydrogenic Stark Effect

Photoionization spectra of alkali atoms in a dc electric field are calculated semianalytically and agree with experiment. Cross sections depend on two distinct sets of parameters: (a) zero-field dipole matrix elements and quantum defects and (b) eigenfunctions of the external Coulomb-Stark potential. The field's effect on photoionization is condensed into a density-of-states matrix ${〈{\ensuremath{\Psi}}^{\ensuremath{'}}|\ensuremath{\Psi}〉}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, whose use may be appropriate to long-range effects in all spectral phenomena.
A systematic study of the extended X-factor in relation to effective system capacity

Abstract More and more productivity is demanded from semiconductor manufacturing lines, thus applying more pressure on the “throughput vs. cycle time” constraint. Cycle time and throughput are traditionally used as independent fine-performance measures. A new school of extended X-factor theory has recently emerged. Proponents of this X-factor contribution measure contend that such a metric, which explicitly takes into account utilization and raw processing time of each machine group, is effective for identifying system capacity constraints. This paper systematically studies the dynamics of a complex semiconductor line to reveal the relationship between the extended X-factor metric and the effective capacity of the line. This paper also studies the sensitivity of the extended X-factor metric to raw processing time and throughput rate to determine quantitatively its robustness and effectiveness when used to evaluate line performance. The analysis shows that the X-factor contribution measure correctly identifies capacity constraining machine groups and is more effective than utilization for identifying these machine groups when the difference in X-factor contribution is significant among the constraining machine groups. Additional capacity at the high X-factor contribution machine group lowered cycle time beyond adding capacity to the highly utilized machine group in a full-scale model. This study provides important insight on when the extended X-factor measure is more indicative of a system capacity constraint, as compared to a utilization measure.
Classifier risk analysis under Bayesian uncertainty models

There are a number of important small-sample phenotype discrimination problems in biomedicine, typically based on classifying between types of pathology, stages of disease, response to treatment or survivability. In contrast to the usual heuristic classifier and error estimation rules, recent work proposes a Bayesian modeling framework over an uncertainty class of feature-label distributions, which when combined with data facilitates optimal MMSE error estimation, optimal classifier design and sample-conditioned MSE error estimation analysis. To date, this theory has only been formulated relative to the basic misclassification rate for simple binary classification problems. Here, we extend Bayesian classifier learning theory to a risk based analysis over multiple classes, which is often more sensible in medical applications.
The effects of interfacial tension gradients on the motion of drops and bubbles

Abstract The motion of a small drop or bubble is examined within the context of a theory which takes account of interfacial tension gradients brought on by comp
Determining intersection curves between surfaces of two solids

Intersection curves between two parametric surfaces are numerically computed using continuation methods. A starting point to initiate the algorithm is determined using the Moore-Penrose pseudo-inverse. Singularities along the curve are detected using a row-rank deficiency of the Jacobian. At singular points where two or more curves intersect, bifurcation points are calculated. To numerically compute a multiple of curves at a bifurcation point, a 2nd-order expansion method is used to render the equation into a quadratic form, such that the tangents are computed. The solution is then switched to a bifurcation branch. The method is demonstrated for two intersecting surfaces having two intersecting curves. The method is also validated for special cases through a number of examples.
Cultural Competent Patient-Centered Nursing Care

This article provides a theoretic framework for culturally diverse practice, provides a model for developing cultural competency, and provides best-practice guidelines for conducting a cultural assessment on patients to identify their diverse needs to integrate into a patient-centered plan of care. The role of ethics is discussed to empower mutual respect, equality, and trust building in patients to promote positive health care outcomes. Cultural diversity tool kits from the National League for Nursing and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing are reviewed to provide educational resources to the front line nurse.
Comparison between facemask and laryngeal mask airway in rabbits during isoflurane anesthesia.

Abstract Objective To determine whether a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) provides a better airway than a facemask in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rabbits, and to test if it can be used for mechanically controlled ventilation. Study design Randomized prospective experimental trial. Animals Sixteen young, healthy, specific pathogen-free Giant Flemish cross Chinchilla rabbits (10 females and 6 males) weighing 4.1 ± 0.8 kg. Methods Rabbits were assigned randomly to one of three treatment groups: facemask with spontaneous ventilation (FM-SV; n = 5), LMA with spontaneous ventilation (LMA-SV; n = 5), and LMA with controlled ventilation (LMA-CV; n = 6). In dorsal recumbency, and at 2.3% end-tidal isoflurane concentration, F e isoflurane, F i isoflurane, partial pressure of expired isoflurane (P e CO2), partial pressure of inspired carbon dioxide (P i CO2), heart rate, respiratory rate, minute volume, arterial oxygen tensions (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2), arterial pH (pHa), arterial standard base excess (SBEa) values were measured for 120 minutes. Results Two individuals in the FM-SV group had PaCO2 > 100 mm Hg. One rabbit in the FM-SV had PaO2 e CO2 were decreased, while PaO2 and minute volume were increased in the LMA-CV group compared to the LMA-SV group. Conclusions An LMA provided a better airway than a facemask during spontaneous breathing in rabbits, as the use of a facemask was associated with hypercapnia and low partial pressures of oxygen. Although an LMA can be used for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), gastric tympanism may develop, especially at a peak inspiratory pressure of 14 cm H2O. Clinical relevance The LMA can be used in rabbits but further work is needed before it is applied routinely.
Taiwan Shipwreck Is Major Loss for Ocean Research, Scientists Say

The 10 October shipwreck of Taiwan's R/V Ocean Researcher V (OR-V), which resulted in the death of two people, is a major setback for ocean research in Taiwan, scientists told Eos.
Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor production by autologous endometrial co-culture is associated with outcome for in vitro fertilization patients with a history of multiple implantation failures.

PROBLEM: To determine whether granulocyte macrophage (GM)-colony stimulating factor (CSF) produced by autologous endometrial co-culture was associated with outcome in 53 patients with a history of multiple in vitro fertilization failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media from endometrial co-culture cells exposed or non-exposed to human embryos was analyzed for GM-CSF. RESULTS: Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in an enhancement of GM-CSF production. Insignificant levels of GM-CSF were determined from media alone. ROC analysis revealed that levels of GM-CSF from supernatants of endometrial co-culture exposed to embryos that measured below 130 pg/ml reflected a diminished prognosis (5/17 had a positive pregnancy vs. 21/36 with GM-CSF levels greater than 130 pg/ml; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The improved outcome associated with GM-CSF values greater than 130 pg/ml may reflect: 1) a direct positive effect of GM-CSF; 2) an embryotrophic factor upregulated by GM-CSF; or, 3) that GM-CSF functions as a marker for the importance of the glandular component in endometrial co-culture systems.
Insulin resistance, secretion and breakdown are increased 9 months following severe burn injury

Insulin resistance in the acute burn period has been well described, however, it is unknown if alterations in glucose metabolism persist beyond discharge from the acute injury. To measure the duration of insulin resistance following recovery from the acute burn injury, we performed a prospective cross-sectional study with a standard 2-h oral glucose tolerance test in 46 severely burned children at 6, 9 or 12 months following initial injury. Glucose uptake and insulin secretion were assessed following the glucose load. Results were compared to those previously published in healthy children. At 6 months after burn, the 2-h glucose concentration was significantly (P<0.001) greater than controls, and the area under the curve (AUC) of glucose was significantly higher compared to 12 months and to healthy children (P=0.027 and P<0.001, respectively). The 9-month AUC glucose was higher than controls (P<0.01). The 6-month 2-h insulin was significantly higher than controls, as was the AUC of insulin in all time points post-burn. The AUC of C-peptide was significantly greater at 6 months after injury compared to 9 and 12 months (P<0.01 for both). Increased 2h and AUC glucose and insulin indicate that glucose metabolism is still affected at 6 and 9 months after injury, and coincides with previously documented defects in bone and muscle metabolism at these time points. Insulin breakdown is also still increased in this population. Further study of this population is warranted to determine if specific treatment is needed.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations Using Many Graphics Processors

In this scenario, computational fluid dynamics simulations of turbulence are performed with 64 GPUs and an optimized CFD algorithm using communication/computation overlapping. Detailed timings reveal that the GPUs' internal calculations are so efficient that operations related to data exchange between compute nodes now cause a scaling bottleneck on all but the largest problems.
Diffusely Swollen Eyelid

A55-year-oldmanpresentedwithdiffuse,painful swellingof the rightuppereyelid (Figure, A). The patient’s medical history was notable for rheumatoid arthritis that had been well controlledwithmethotrexate for 15 years. The lesionwas first noted6monthsprior topresentationandwas initiallydiagnosedasa chalazion. The nodule increased in sizeduring thenext severalmonths despite conservative measures including warm compresses. A biopsy revealed a mixed inflammatory infiltratewithout evidence of neoplasia, supporting a diagnosis of chalazion. Intralesional triamcinolone was then administered. Despite an initial decrease in lesionsize,6weekspostinjection,new-onset ipsilateral extraocularmotilitydeficits and palpable preauricular lymphadenopathy were noted. A magnetic resonance image revealed an infiltrative process in the involved eyelid and lymphadenopathy (Figure, B and C). A second biopsy of the eyelid lesion revealed large, atypical lymphocytes diffusely positive for CD20 and negative for CD5 and Bcl-1 (Figure, D-G), supporting a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Findings from systemic evaluation, including complete blood cell count, serum protein electrophoresis, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and whole-body positron emission tomography, were unremarkable. Quiz at jamaophthalmology.com A
Faith, Ethnicity, and Culture in Refugee Resettlement:

This article addresses the role faith-based nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) play in refugee resettlement and how they are both different from and similar to secular resettlement NGOs. The author examines how faith-based and secular NGOs assist in the process of refugee resettlement in the United States. Data indicate that most faith-based resettlement NGOs are similar to secular NGOs in their practice but express their religiosity in their organizational rhetoric and networks. As a practice, religion is frequently tied to culture and, therefore, ethnic organizations engage in religious practice as a way of practicing that ethnicity’s culture.
Oligo(U) sequences present in sea urchin maternal RNA decrease following fertilization.

Oligo(U) tracts were identified and measured in RNA from sea urchin eggs and embryos using a quantitative assay based on the amount of [3H]poly(A) protected from RNase T2 in duplexes with the oligo(U). The oligo(U) amounted to 0.0035% of egg RNA (0.063 × 10−12 g/egg) and decreased to 0.0015% (0.027 × 10−12 g/embryo) by 2 hr after fertilization. The oligo(U) tracts had a maximum size of 15–30 nucleotides and were associated with two size classes of RNA. In eggs about half were in 100 to 200 nucleotide RNA and half in mRNA-sized molecules. After fertilization, the oligo(U) in the population of large-mRNA-sized molecules was greatly reduced.
A Multicenter Study of Nebulized Bronchodilator Solutions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

A multicenter, 85-day, double-blind, randomized study was conducted to compare the effects of a single-dose and chronic inhalation of ipratropium bromide solution (500 μg) to the β-adrenergic agonist metaproterenol (5% solution, 15 mg) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients were required to have relatively stable, moderately severe COPD, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ) >65% of predicted normal, FEV 1 >70% of forced vital capacity (FVC), and a smoking history of
Growth hormone response to intramuscular glucagon.

ABSTRACT Glucagon 1 mg intramuscularly (im) has been used to evaluate human growth hormone (hGH) release in a group of individuals with short stature, adult controls and patients with panhypopituitarism. The mean hGH level observed at two hours in those with poor growth (18.3 ng/ml) and in the adult controls (20.9 ng/ml) demonstrates that im glucagon is a reliable provocative test for hGH release. The hypopituitary patients did not have any increment. The test can be performed on an ambulatory basis.
Structural Equations and Causal Explanations: Some Challenges for Causal SEM.

One common application of structural equation modeling (SEM) involves expressing and empirically investigating causal explanations. Nonetheless, several aspects of causal explanation that have an impact on behavioral science methodology remain poorly understood. It remains unclear whether applications of SEM should attempt to provide complete explanations or partial explanations. Moreover, it remains unclear what sorts of things researchers can best take as causes and effects. Finally, the meaning of causal assertions itself remains poorly understood. Attempting to clarify the use of structural equations as causal explanations by addressing these issues has implications for behavioral science methodology because applications of SEM typically remain vague about causation and thus about their substantive conclusions. Research aimed at clarifying these issues can lead to a sharper and more refined use of SEM for causal explanation, and by extension, clarify behavioral science methodology more generally.
Transnational Capitalist Class in the Global Financial Crisis: A Discussion with Leslie Sklair

In an interview, Leslie Sklair, author of The Transnational Capitalist Class (2001) and Professor Emeritus in Sociology at the London School of Economics, discusses his thoughts on today's global financial crisis, its connections to a globally dominant social class—the transnational capitalist class—as well as his views on the US invasion and occupation of Iraq, and clarifications on his theoretical approach. En una entrevista, Leslie Sklair, autor de La clase capitalista trasnacional (2001) y profesor emerito en sociologia de la Facultad de Economia de Londres, discute tanto sus pensamientos sobre la crisis financiera global actual, y sus conexiones con una clase social global dominante—la clase capitalista trasnacional—como sobre su punto de vista sobre la invasion y ocupacion de Iraq por los E.E.U.U., y las aclaraciones sobre su enfoque teorico.
Law and revolution. The formation of the Western legal tradition

(1985). Law and revolution. The formation of the Western legal tradition. History of European Ideas: Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 361-362.
Nucleotide sequence of a rice genomic clone that encodes a class I endochitinase

TTGCTGAAGATCGATGCACCATGCA TATCCATCTCTATATAAAGCCATGCGATCCCACCGATTCTTGCACACACACTAGCTACTT CTACTTCTATCATACCAAACAAACTAGCTTAATTTGCATTGCATCACATTGCCGGCCGCC ATGAGAGCTCTCGCTCTCGCGGTGGTGGCCATGGCGGTGGTGGCCGTGCGCGGCGAGCAG M R A L A L A V V A M A V V A V R G E Q TGCGGCAGCCAGGCCGGCGGCGCGCTCTGCCCCAACTGCCTCTGCTGCAGCCAGTACGGC C G S Q A G G A L C P N C L C C S Q Y G TGGTGCGGCTCCACCTCCGATTACTGCGGCGCCGGCTGCCAGAGCCAGTGCTCCGGCGGC W C G S T S D Y C G A G C Q S Q C S G G TGCGGCGGCGGCCCGACCCCGCCCTCCAGCGGTGGCGGCAGCGGCGTCGCCTCCATCATA C G G G P T P P S S G G G S G V A S I I TCGCCCTCGCTCTTCGACCAGATGCTGCTCCACCGCAACGACCAGGCGTGCCGCGCTAAG S P S L F D Q M L L H R N D Q A C R A K GGCTTCTACACCTACGACGCCTTCGTCGCCGCCGCCAACGCCTACCCGGACTTCGCCACC G F Y T Y D A F V A A A N A Y P D F A T ACGCGCGACGCCGACACCTGCAAGCGCGAGGTCGCCGCCTTCCTGGCGCAGACGTCCCAC T R D A D T C K R E V A A F L A Q T S H GAGACCACCGGCGGCTGGCCCACGGCGCCCGACGGCCCCTACTCCTGGGGCTACTGCTTC E T T G G W P T A P D G P Y S W G Y C F AAGGAGGAGAACAACGGCAACGCCCCCACATACTGCGAGCCCAAGCCGGAGTGGCCGTGC K E E N N G N A P T Y C E P K P E W P C GCCGCCGCGAAGAAGTACTACGGCCGGGGACCCATCCAGATCACCTACAACTACAACTAC A A A K K Y Y G R G P I Q I T Y N Y N Y GGCCGCGGGGCAGGCATCGGCTCCGACCTGCTCAACAACCCGGACCTGGTGGCGTCGGAC G R G A G I G S D L L N N P D L V A S D GCAGTCTCCTTCAAGACGGCGTTCTGGTTCTGGATGACGCCGCAGTCGCCCAAGCCGTCG A V S F K T A F W F W M T P Q S P K P S TGCCACGCGGTGATCACCGGCCAGTGGACGCCGTCCGCCGACGACCAGGCGGCGGGGCGC C H A V I T G Q W T P S A D D Q A A G R GTTCCGGGCTACGGCGAGATCACCAACATCATCAACGGCGGTGTGGAGTGCGGGCACGGC V P G Y G E I T N I I N G G V E C G H G GCGGACGACAAGGTGGCCGACCGGATCGGGTTCTACAAGCGCTACTGCGACATGCTGGGC A D D K V A D R I G F Y K R Y C D M L G GTCAGCTATGGCGATAACCTGGATTGCTACAACCAGAGGCCCTACCCGCCTTCCTAGTTG V S Y G D N L D C Y N Q R P Y P P S < ATATTTGATCCGAGCAGACGAATAAAATACAATGCACACGAGATTGTGAGACTCGTGAAA AACATATACTACCTCTGAATTTTAATACATATCTCTAAAACAAAGATTTGATCCGTTGAC CTGCAGGTCGAC 1237 Fig. 1.
Effects of gonadectomy and androgen supplementation on attention in male rats

Abstract Androgens are hypothesized to enhance aspects of mnemonic processing. However, it is unclear whether the memory improvement is associated with changes in earlier aspects of information processing, such as attention. The present experiments examined the effects of gonadectomy or supplementation with testosterone or dihydrotestosterone on performance of male rats in a two-lever attention task that required discrimination of visual signals and non-signals. In Experiment 1, Long–Evans rats were trained in the attention task and then underwent gonadectomy or sham-surgery. Postsurgically, animals were tested for 20 sessions in the attention task and then received manipulations designed to increase attentional demands. Gonadectomized and sham-treated animals performed similarly during immediate postsurgical testing and across all manipulations. Finally, the effects of administering the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg) on attentional performance were assessed for all animals. Scopolamine decreased accuracy of signal detection but did not differentially affect gonadectomized and sham-treated animals. In Experiment 2, a new group of rats (not gonadectomized) was trained to perform the attention task and subsequently administered testosterone (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg) or dihydrotestosterone (0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg) prior to performing the standard version of the attention task and in the presence of a visual distractor. Testosterone (0.5 mg/kg) decreased accuracy on non-signal trials and, at 0.1 mg/kg, decreased latencies to retrieve a reward. Dihydrotestosterone (0.5 mg/kg) decreased accuracy on non-signal trials during visual distractor sessions. The present data do not support the hypothesis that alterations in attention critically mediate androgen-induced changes in mnemonic processing. Supra-physiological androgen levels appear to be capable of impairing attentional processing.
Anomalous pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of Sr2CuO2F2

Abstract We have measured the pressure dependence of the superconducting transition temperature of Sr 2 CuO 2 F 2+δ to 5 kbar using He as the pressure medium. Qualitatively different derivatives are obtained for pressure changes at 300 K and 50 K with the anomalous result that the 50 K value is negative instead of the usual small positive value seen for other copper-oxide based materials.
Axiomatic semantics for “escape” statements

Abstract This paper introduces a new approach for specifying the axiomatic semantics of escape statements, e.g., loop exit. The association of an escape statement with the appropriate enclosing block is specified entirely within the proof rules. Our approach also handles multiple-level exit statements.
General performance analysis of key-to-address transformation methods using an abstract file concept

This paper presents a new approach to the analysis of performance of the various key-to-address transformation methods. In this approach the keys in a file are assumed to have been selected from the key space according to a certain probabilistic selection algorithm. All files with the same number of keys selected from this key space will be suitably weighted in accordance with the algorithm, and the average performance of the transformation methods on these files will be used as the potential of these methods. Using this analysis, methods with the same overall performance can be classified and key distributions partial to certain transformations can be identified. All this can be done analytically. The approach is applied to a group of transformation methods using files whose keys are selected randomly.
Predicting WAIS-R scores from the Shipley institute of living scale in a homogeneous sample

Forty-one young normal adults were administered the Shipley Institute of Living Scale (SILS) and the WAIS-R as part of a validation study of previously published procedures for estimating WAIS-R Full-Scale IQ scores from SILS Vocabulary and Abstraction Scores. Correlations between SILS scores and WAIS-R scores were lower than expected from the literature. Prediction of WAIS-R FSIQ from SILS Vocabulary and Abstraction scores was poor (r = .46, p < .01). Partial support for the use of new procedures for estimating WAIS-R IQ from SILS was obtained. Implications for interpreting SILS scores obtained from subjects similar to those studied were discussed.
Sunrise/sunset thermal shock disturbance analysis and simulation for the TOPEX satellite

It is shown here that during normal on-orbit operations the TOPEX low-earth orbiting satellite is subjected to an impulsive disturbance torque caused by rapid heating of its solar array when entering and exiting the earth's shadow. Error budgets and simulation results are used to demonstrate that this sunrise/sunset torque disturbance is the dominant Normal Mission Mode (NMM) attitude error source. The detailed thermomechanical modeling, analysis, and simulation of this torque is described, and the predicted on-orbit performance of the NMM attitude control system in the face of the sunrise/sunset disturbance is presented. The disturbance results in temporary attitude perturbations that exceed NMM pointing requirements. However, they are below the maximum allowable pointing error which would cause the radar altimeter to break lock.
Gel-free mass spectrometry-based high throughput proteomics: Tools for studying biological response of proteins and proteomes

Revolutionary advances in biological mass spectrometry (MS) have provided a basic tool to make possible comprehensive proteomic analysis. Traditionally, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has been used as a separation method coupled with MS to facilitate analysis of complex protein mixtures. Despite the utility of this method, the many challenges of comprehensive proteomic analysis has motivated the development of gel-free MS-based strategies to obtain information not accessible using two-dimensional gel separations. These advanced strategies have enabled researchers to dig deeper into complex proteomes, gaining insights into the composition, quantitative response, covalent modifications and macromolecular interactions of proteins that collectively drive cellular function. This review describes the current state of gel-free, high throughput proteomic strategies using MS, including (i) the separation approaches commonly used for complex mixture analysis; (ii) strategies for large-scale quantitative analysis; (iii) analysis of post-translational modifications; and (iv) recent advances and future directions. The use of these strategies to make new discoveries at the proteome level into the effects of disease or other cellular perturbations is discussed in a variety of contexts, providing information on the potential of these tools in electromagnetic field research.
High speed combustion of mobile granular solid propellants: Wave structure and the equivalent Rankine-Hugoniot relation*

Granular solid propellants have great potential to produce high gasification rates and to generate high thrusts for propulsion systems. High-speed flame propagation of the order of 2500 cm/sec can be achieved in burning mobile granular solid propellants under a controlled chamber pressure of 290 atm at the consumed end. The detailed wave structure, including both gas and solid phases, has been studied; results show that strong pressure, velocity, and temperature gradients appear near the ignition front of the combustion wave. Particles are almost stationary with respect to the flame front in the unburned region, while they move quite vigorously with the product gas in the burned region. The jump conditions and the equivalent Rankine-Hugoniot relation are derived. Combustion waves propagated by a convective mechanism of energy transfer in granular propellants are found to lie on the deflagration branch of the equivalent Hugoniot curves.
Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of Pyrolytic Graphite

The thermal conductivity $K$ of a bulk sample of pyrolytic graphite has been measured from 3 to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K both perpendicular and parallel to the $c$ axis. Over the whole temperature range below 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the thermal conductivity in both directions appears to be limited by the crystallite size. The measured value of ${K}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is 0.72 W/cm deg at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and ${K}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ decreases monotonically to 1.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ W/cm deg at 3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The measured anisotropy $\frac{{K}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{{K}_{\mathrm{II}}}$ decreases monotonically from 47 at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 2.5 at 3\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A theoretical calculation of the anisotropy from the elastic constants yields a value of 2.27 for $T\ensuremath{\le}1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$K. A suggestion is offered to explain the rapid rise in the anisotropy with increasing temperature. Previous measurements of $\frac{{K}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}}{{K}_{\mathrm{II}}}$ in natural and commercial graphite samples are much smaller.
TRADE, DEBT, AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT IN A NORTH‐SOUTH MODEL

This paper examines a simple model of North-South trade and capital flows along structuralist lines. The South can choose its growth rate, but must finance its growth in excess of its savings by borrowing from the North. The long-run consequences of this process for the process of uneven development and for Southern debt-dependence are explored. The appropriate responses to a debt crisis are considered.
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis (DISH)—A Rare Etiology of Dysphagia

A 72-year-old gentleman presented to the hospital with progressively worsening dysphagia to soft foods and liquids. He was diagnosed with severe pharyngeal dysphagia by modified barium swallow. A CT scan of the neck with IV contrast showed anterior flowing of bridging osteophytes from C3-C6, indicative of DISH, resulting in esophageal impingement. He underwent resection of the DISH segments. Following the surgery, a PEG tube for nutrition supplementation was placed. However, the PEG tube was removed after five months when the speech and swallow evaluation showed no residual dysphagia. DISH is a rare non-inflammatory condition that results in pathological ossification and calcification of the anterolateral spinal ligaments.
Vehicle expectations in air transportation for the year 2000

This paper is intended to provide an overview of the air transportation system for the year 2000 in terms of vehicle expectations. Emphasis is placed on civil air transportation with the time period approached from the standpoint of evolutionary changes for the near term and also with the assumption of more revolutionary changes for the far term. The view along the evolutionary path begins with a historical review of airline market growth and the impact that technologies have had on airplane designs. Projections of the life expectancy of existing, derivative, and new airplanes are examined in terms of their productivity and fuel efficiency in view of the present and projected fuel usage and availability. The factors influencing airline growth are outlined and some views on whether another new generation of subsonic airplanes are in the offing are given along with an assessment of the economic viability of an advanced commercial supersonic transport in terms of its higher speed, higher productivity, and higher fuel usage. With regard to revolutionary changes, major technology breakthroughs are assumed to occur at a specified date. As an example, the impact of a dramatic reduction in skin friction drag is examined in terms of its effect on the airplane configuration, its propulsion systems, it projected fuel usage, and the air transportation system in which it must operate.
Multiple alignment by sequence annealing

Motivation: We introduce a novel approach to multiple alignment that is based on an algorithm for rapidly checking whether single matches are consistent with a partial multiple alignment. This leads to a sequence annealing algorithm, which is an incremental method for building multiple sequence alignments one match at a time. Our approach improves significantly on the standard progressive alignment approach to multiple alignment. Results: The sequence annealing algorithm performs well on benchmark test sets of protein sequences. It is not only sensitive, but also specific, drastically reducing the number of incorrectly aligned residues in comparison to other programs. The method allows for adjustment of the sensitivity/specificity tradeoff and can be used to reliably identify homologous regions among protein sequences. Availability: An implementation of the sequence annealing algorithm is available at http://bio.math.berkeley.edu/amap/ Contact: sariel@cs.berkeley.edu
Vibration–rotation spectrum of the acetylene‐nitrous oxide van der Waals complex in the 3 micron region

Infrared laser absorption spectroscopy has been carried out on a molecular beam containing the HCCH‐N2O van der Waals complex. Analysis of the vibration‐rotation spectrum gives ν=3281.5437(2) cm−1, A‘=9387(1) MHz, A’=9382(1) MHz, B‘=2829.6(3) MHz, B’=2827.2(3) MHz, C‘=2166.6(2) MHz, and C’=2163.7(2). These rotational constants describe a planar complex with parallel monomer axes making right angles with the vector connecting the monomer centers of mass. The monomer center of mass separation is 3.307 A. This geometry is very similar to that of HCCH‐CO2. This similarity is also present in the comparison of model potential functions calculated for HCCH‐N2O and HCCH‐CO2.
Age-related changes in theta frequency stimulation-induced long-term potentiation.

Abstract Several signaling mechanisms that are crucial for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by theta frequency (5 Hz) trains of synaptic stimulation are altered in aged animals. To determine whether theta frequency stimulation-induced LTP is particularly sensitive to changes in synaptic function that occur in aged animals, we examined whether activating synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region with three different trains of theta pulse stimulation (TPS) has different effects on synaptic strength in hippocampal slices from aged and young mice. Our results indicate that TPS-induced LTP is not diminished in the aged hippocampus but does show a dependence on L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels that is not seen in young animals. Moreover, we found that the facilitation of TPS-induced LTP by co-activation of β-adrenergic and cholinergic receptors is strongly reduced in slices from aged animals. Together, these results suggest that memory impairments in aged animals might arise, at least in part, from deficits in the ability of modulatory transmitters to regulate activity-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity.
Chemical Patterns, Compartments and a Binary Epigenetic Code in Drosophila

I propose a model which accounts for the geometries and sequence in which compartmental boundary lines arise on the different imaginal discs, and on the blastoderm of Drosophila melanogaster ; and propose that successive lines are recorded by different binary switches, to create a binary epigenetic code word specifying each disc, and disc compartment. I suppose a biochemical system undergoing reaction and diffusion acts throughout development. As an imaginal disc grows, a succession of differently shaped chemical concentration patterns form at a discrete set of disc sizes. I suppose a specific concentration of one chemical is a threshold. Concentrations above or below threshold switch cells to one or another of two commitments. Then the line across the imaginal disc with the threshold concentration is a predicted compartmental boundary. The sequence and geometries of such lines predict the compartmental boundaries seen on the wing disc, the other discs, and on the blastoderm stage egg. The compartmental lines on the wing disc suggest that a terminal compartment is specified by a combination of binary names recording a sequence of binary commitments: anterior , not posterior; dorsal , not ventral; wing , not thorax; proximal , not distal. Each combination comprises a binary epigenetic code word. Recently I constructed an independent model for transdetermination in Drosophila which proposed a similar binary epigenetic code for the different discs. The clone restriction lines predicted on the blastoderm by my transdetermination model, the chemical pattern model, and analogy with the wing disc, are nearly identical. Several are already confirmed. The resultant binary code scheme correctly predicts many relative transdetermination frequencies and accounts simply for the action of most homeotic mutants as genes which alter a single switch state in one or more discs.
Spectral Structure Of Phase-Induced Intensity Noise In Recirculating Delay Lines

The dynamic range of fiber optic signal processors driven by relatively incoherent multimode semiconductor lasers is shown to be severely limited by laser phase-induced noise. It is experimentally demonstrated that while the noise power spectrum of differential length fiber filters is approximately flat, processors with recirculating loops exhibit noise with a periodically structured power spectrum with notches at zero frequency as well as at all other multiples of 1/(loop delay). The experimental results are aug-mented by a theoretical analysis.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Use of p-benzoquinone and hydroquinone for retardation of urea hydrolysis in soils

Abstract Studies to evaluate p-benzoquinone (PBQ) and hydroquinone (HQ) for retardation of urea hydrolysis in soils showed that the effects of these compounds increase markedly with the amount of PBQ or HQ added and decrease markedly with time and with increase in temperature from 10 to 40°C. They also indicated that PBQ and HQ inhibit soil urease activity by identical mechanisms. The effects of various soil properties on the effectiveness of PBQ and HQ for retardation of urea hydrolysis in soils were investigated by studies with 25 surface soils selected to obtain a wide range in pH, texture and organic-matter content. Simple correlation analyses showed that the inhibitory effects of PBQ or HQ on urea hydrolysis in these soils were correlated very highly significantly with organic C content ( r = − 0.76 ∗∗∗ ), total N content ( r = − 0.74 ∗∗∗ ), urease activity ( r = − 0.70 ∗∗∗ ) andcation-exchange capacity ( r = − 0.62 ∗∗∗ ). The effects of these compounds also were highly significantly correlated with sand content ( r = 0.57 ∗∗ ) and were significantly correlated with silt content ( r = − 0.42∗ ), clay content ( r = − 0.49∗ ) and surface area ( r = − 0.49∗ ), but were not significantly correlated with pH or CaCO3 equivalent. Multiple-regression analyses indicated that the effectiveness of PBQ and HQ for retardation of urea hydrolysis in soils tends to increase with decrease in soil organicmatter content.
Synthesis of 29-fluorophytosterols: A novel class of insect-activated selective poisons

Abstract Four 29-monofluorophytosterols are prepared from stigmasterol. When fed to insects, evidence is obtained from fluoroacetate poisoning via dealkylation at C-24.
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HOSPITAL STAY OF PEDIATRIC ASTHMA PATIENTS. 630

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED HOSPITAL STAY OF PEDIATRIC ASTHMA PATIENTS. 630
Dual innervation of the iris sphincter muscle of the albino guinea pig.

Ultrastructural studies of the innervation to the iris sphincter of the guinea pig eye reveal evidence for a dual supply by both adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals.
The prognostic value of regadenoson myocardial perfusion imaging

Regadenoson (REGA), a selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, is the most widely used stress agent for SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in the United States. The diagnostic accuracy of REGA MPI is comparable to Adenosine MPI, but its prognostic value is not well defined. We categorized 1,400 patients (700 consecutive normal and 700 consecutive abnormal REGA-MPIs) into 4 groups based on the perfusion defect size using automated quantitative analysis: Group 1: normal perfusion; Group 2: 20%. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and late coronary revascularization (CR >90 days after MPI). Of the 1,400 patients (42% male, 37% diabetes, 21% heart failure, 26% end-stage renal disease), the primary outcome occurred in 23% (17% cardiac death, 4% MI, 6% late CR) during 46 ± 18 months of follow-up and 8% had early CR (within 90 days of MPI). Early CR occurred in 0.4%, 9%, 17%, and 17% and the primary outcome in 10%, 27%, 31%, and 43% in Groups 1-4, respectively (P < .001 for both). In an adjusted Cox proportional model, the hazard ratio for the primary outcome was 2.68 (1.77-4.06), 3.32 (2.28-4.83), and 4.05 (2.78-5.91) for Groups 2-4 compared to Group 1. REGA MPI provides powerful prognostic information that has important implications in patient management and can guide clinical practice.
Predicting cognitive state from eye movements

In human vision, acuity and color sensitivity are greatest at the center of fixation and fall off rapidly as visual eccentricity increases. Humans exploit the high resolution of central vision by actively moving their eyes three to four times each second. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to classify the task that a person is engaged in from their eye movements using multivariate pattern classification. The results have important theoretical implications for computational and neural models of eye movement control. They also have important practical implications for using passively recorded eye movements to infer the cognitive state of a viewer, information that can be used as input for intelligent human-computer interfaces and related applications.
Incidence of granulomatous prostatitis and acid-fast bacilli after intravesical BCG therapy

Abstract Objectives To determine the incidence of granulomatous prostatitis and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy for superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) or carcinoma in situ (CIS). Methods One hundred nineteen men underwent radical cystoprostatectomy for invasive bladder cancer from January 1, 1980 through December 31, 1995. Twelve patients had received intravesical BCG therapy before undergoing cystoprostatectomy. Nine men who did not receive intravesical BCG therapy before undergoing cystoprostatectomy served as controls. The surgical specimens were examined with a Ziehl-Neelsen stain for the presence of granulomatous prostatitis and for the presence of AFB. Results Granulomatous prostatitis was identified in 9 of 12 patients (75%) who had received intravesical BCG therapy. AFB were identified in 7 of 9 patients (77%) with granulomatous prostatitis. Conclusions Pathologic evidence of granulomatous prostatitis with AFB is a common occurrence after intravesical BCG therapy and its incidence is far greater than the reported incidence of symptomatic granulomatous prostatitis. AFB discovered during the evaluation of either an increased level of prostate-specific antigen or prostate nodule in otherwise asymptomatic men may require no specific therapy.
"How We Performed": Embedded Journalists' Attitudes and Perceptions towards Covering the Iraq War

A survey of embedded journalists suggests an overall positive perception of embedded reporting. While most embeds agreed their reports provided a narrow slice of the conflict, they still had a positive view of their work. Respondents also noted their stories differed from the stories of non-embedded journalists and perceived both types of reporting as invaluable. Further, embeds' attitudes towards the war, age, professional experience, and online reporting were correlated with perceived performance.
Borderline Personality Disorder: Interrater Reliability of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines

Three interviewers, working in pairs and using the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB), interviewed three samples of 10 adult psychiatric inpatients. The two members of each interviewer pair alternated in the role of interviewer. Each member of the interviewer pairs completed the interview schedule and scored the protocol according to the instructions provided by the authors of the DIB. Interrater reliability was determined for each interviewer pair using the Kappa statistic. Reliability values were at about the level reported recently by Spitzer, Forman, and Nee (1979) for DSM-III axis I diagnoses in general. Additional statistical analyses were performed to determine whether there were patient sex differences on DIB scores, whether the two male interviewers differed from the female interviewer in their ratings of male or female patients, and whether experience differences among the three interviewers were reflected in their rating of patients. Among the latter analyses, the only significant finding was that in the interviewer pair consisting of a very experienced male psychiatrist and a male first year psychology graduate student, the former rated male patients as less borderline than did the latter. No other difference was found among raters, or between sex of patient and interviewer sex or amount of clinical experience. It was concluded that the DIB is sufficiently reliable for use in clinical research.