cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Action of intracerebrally injected β-endorphin on the rat's core temperature

Abstract Microinjected directly into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH), β-endorphin (0.74–7.4 nmol) induced an increase in rectal temperature (RT) in the free-moving rat. Whereas the initial phase of the endorphin-induced rise in RT was partially attenuated by naloxone (5 or 20 mg/kg i.p.) or naltrexone (3 mg/kg i.p.), the late phase was completely blocked by the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (15 mg/kg i.p.). Pretreatment with a combination of indomethacin and naloxone resulted in an almost total block of the endorphin-induced increase in RT. Furthermore, the central serotonin antagonist, methergoline (1 mg/kg i.p.) antagonized the endorphin-evoked fever indicating serotonin may mediate the rise in RT. In contrast to the fever evoked in the POAH, β-endorphin (7.4 nmol), given into the lateral cerebral ventricle (LCV), elicited a marked drop in RT, catalepsy, and analgesia which were completely blocked by naloxone (5 mg/kg). Similar to morphine, β-endorphin elicited a naloxone-reversible hyperthemia when administered into the subarachnoid space surrounding the spinal cord. The similarities between gb-endorphin and morphine in their actions on RT as well as the possible role of serotonin or prostaglandins in β-endorphin's thermogenic action are discussed.
Measurement of the Protein Metabolic Response to Surgical Stress in Extremely-Low-Birthweight (ELBW) Neonates † 1389

Premature neonates have minimal metabolic reserves available to counteract severe stress. It is generally assumed that the stress of surgery elicits a catabolic response that may be deleterious to these patients. The aim of this study was to quantify protein economy in 6 ELBW, TPN-fed neonates undergoing PDA ligation using a primed, continuous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine and nitrogen balance technique. Endogenous leucine flux was converted to whole body protein breakdown using a conversion of 590 μmol/g protein. The neonates (gestational age: 24.7±0.2 wk (SE); birthweight: 760±51 g (SE)) were studied on day of life 6.7±0.8 d (immediately pre-PDA ligation) and 16-24 hr postoperatively. PDA ligation was performed at bedside using standardized intravenous general anesthesia (fentanyl; pancuronium); operative time was 32.8±3.3 min.
Characteristics of then film transistors fabricated in polysilicon films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated in polysilicon films deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) were characterized. The transistors were fabricated using a low temperature process (i.e., <- 700° C). The characteristics of the devices were found to improve as the deposition temperature of the polysilicon film increased. The best characteristics (μ FE of 15 cm2/V s andV TH of 2.2V) were measured in the devices fabricated in the film deposited at 700° C. The devices fabricated in the PECVD polysilicon films were compared to those fabricated in polysilicon films deposited by thermal CVD in the same reactor in order to decouple the effect of the plasma. A coplanar electrode structure TFT with adequate characteristics (μ FE of 8 cm2/V s) was also demonstrated in the PECVD polysilicon films.
BEYOND GOVERNING COALITIONS: Analyzing Urban Regimes in the 1990s

ABSTRACT:This paper argues that economic restructuring is best analyzed as potentially a two-way relationship between global forces and local actors. The research and concepts in the literature on growth machines, governing coalitions, and urban regimes are central to that two-way relationship, but the focus on political coalitions must be broadened. Two changes are proposed: (1) the focus on coalitions must be accompanied by analysis of the mobility of local capital and the degree to which governments can influence that mobility and (2) analysis of coalitions must include investigating the ability of coalitions to implement the policies they enact.
Arcane Allogromid Foraminifera targeted in International Workshop

If you have ever studied the deep-ocean sea floor or examined near-shore sediments, you probably saw a plethora of allogromids, probably without even knowing it. In fact, even if you have never been to the ocean but have waded in a lake or stream or walked through damp leaves in a forest, you were among allogromids. What exactly is an allogromid and why should you care if they are in lakes, oceans, and forests?
Fluorescent cytometric analysis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in Chediak-Higashi syndrome: diminished C3bi receptor expression (OKM1) with normal granular cell density.

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS) has been associated with recurrent bacterial infections and defective polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte function. Confirmation of the diagnosis of CHS and defective PMN function was established in a 2-month-old with accelerated phase CHS. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating reduced PMN degranulation (beta-glucuronidase release 34.1 +/- 0.9% versus 5.1 +/- 4% and lysozyme release 17.6 +/- 1.2% versus 11.1 +/- 7% (control versus CHS) and staphylococcal bacterial killing at 15' 51.4 +/- 3.6% versus 24.9 +/- .4% (control versus CHS). Additional studies using fluorescent cytometric analysis were made to investigate other etiologies of PMN dysfunction in CHS. Total cell density and PMN granularity, as measured by fluorescent-activated cell sorter side scatter analysis, was no different from CHS and age-matched controls. Although CHS is characterized by large PMN granular inclusions, right angle light scatter analysis in this study suggests that the total cell density within the PMN of patients with CHS is normal (D less than .01). PMN granular release of surface receptors was also studied using antibody binding and fluorescent analysis. OKM1 antibody-binding demonstrated significantly reduced C3bi (MO-1) receptor expression (13% of control) p less than 0.001. Decreased surface reception expression of C3bi receptors may play an additional role in defective PMN mobility, chemotaxis, and bactericidal activity in patients with CHS.
GHRS and ORFEUS II Observations of the Highly Ionized Interstellar Medium toward ESO 141-055*

We present Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS) and ORFEUS II measurements of Si IV, C IV, N V, and O VI absorption in the interstellar medium of the Galactic disk and halo toward the nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy ESO 141-055. The high-ionization absorption is strong, with line strengths consistent with the spectral signature expected for hot (T 105 K) collisionally ionized gas in either a "Galactic fountain" or an inhomogeneous medium containing a mixture of conductive interfaces and turbulent mixing layers. The total O VI column density of ≈1015 cm-2 suggests that the scale height of O VI is large (3 kpc) in this direction. Models of the C IV velocity distribution along the sight line are consistent with a large scale height for the highly ionized gas. Comparison of the high ion column densities with measurements for other sight lines indicates that the highly ionized gas distribution is patchy. The amount of O VI perpendicular to the Galactic plane varies by at least a factor of ~4 among the complete halo sight lines thus far studied. In addition to the high ion absorption, lines of low-ionization species are also present in the spectra. With the possible exception of Ar I, which may have a lower than expected abundance resulting from partial photoionization of gas along the sight line, the absorption strengths are typical of those expected for the warm, neutral interstellar medium. The sight line intercepts a cold molecular cloud with N(H2) ≈ 1019 cm-2. The cloud has an identifiable counterpart in IRAS 100 μm emission maps of this region of the sky. We detect a Lyα absorber associated with ESO 141-055 at z = 0.03492. This study presents an enticing glimpse into the interstellar and intergalactic absorption patterns that will be observed at high spectral resolution by the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer.
Parallelizing Strassen's method for matrix multiplication on distributed-memory MIMD architectures☆

Abstract We present a parallel method for matrix multiplication on distributed-memory MIMD architectures based on Strassen's method. Our timing tests, performed on a 56-node Intel Paragon, demonstrate the realization of the potential of the Strassen's method with a complexity of 4.7 M2.807 at the system level rather than the node level at which several earlier works have been focused. The parallel efficiency is nearly perfect when the processor number is the power of 7. The parallelized Strassen's method seems always faster than the traditional matrix multiplication methods whose complexity is 2M3 coupled with the BMR method and the Ring method at the system level. The speed gain depends on matrix order M: 20% for M ≈ 1000 and more than 100% for M ≈ 5000.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells genetically modified to express B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 confer APC capacity to T cells from CLL patients.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), malignant B cells and nonmalignant T cells exhibit dysfunction. We previously demonstrated that infection of CLL cells with modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing the costimulatory molecules B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3 (designated TRICOM) increased expression of these costimulatory molecules on the surface of CLL cells and thus augmented their antigen-presenting capability. Here, we evaluate the effect of MVA-TRICOM-modified CLL cells on T cells. Following incubation with irradiated MVA-TRICOM-modified CLL cells, allogeneic and autologous CD4+ and CD8+ T cells expressed significantly higher levels of B7-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-3. We show that this increase was the result of physical acquisition from the antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and that purified T cells that acquired costimulatory molecules from MVA-TRICOM-modified CLL cells were able to stimulate the proliferation of untreated T cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that T cells from CLL patients can acquire multiple costimulatory molecules from autologous CLL cells and can then act as APCs themselves. Given the immunodeficiencies characteristic of CLL, enhancing the antigen-presenting function of CLL cells and T cells simultaneously could be a distinct advantage in the effort to elicit antitumor immune responses.
A high-order immersed boundary method for acoustic wave scattering and low-Mach number flow-induced sound in complex geometries

A new sharp-interface immersed boundary method based approach for the computation of low-Mach number flow-induced sound around complex geometries is described. The underlying approach is based on a hydrodynamic/acoustic splitting technique where the incompressible flow is first computed using a second-order accurate immersed boundary solver. This is followed by the computation of sound using the linearized perturbed compressible equations (LPCE). The primary contribution of the current work is the development of a versatile, high-order accurate immersed boundary method for solving the LPCE in complex domains. This new method applies the boundary condition on the immersed boundary to a high-order by combining the ghost-cell approach with a weighted least-squares error method based on a high-order approximating polynomial. The method is validated for canonical acoustic wave scattering and flow-induced noise problems. Applications of this technique to relatively complex cases of practical interest are also presented.
Assessment of Body Armor Design Impacts on User Perceptions

Body armor is a critical part of the law enforcement uniform. It provides protection from ballistic impacts during critical events. Despite many agencies providing armor to its employees, compliance with use standards within agencies has been reported to be low due to discomfort. Few studies exist in the public domain that have documented specific design features that contribute to the non-compliance issues. This study investigated body armor configurations (3 levels) on usability perceptions following simulated tasks. Results indicated that differences in design ratings, overall ratings, and rating of interference differed for each configuration studied. Specifically arm, shoulder, and neck movement was identified as being restrictive. Further, it impacted the ability of the officers to gain control of reach essential equipment (e.g., handcuffs) and in the completion of essential tasks (e.g., suspect restraint). Therefore, design considerations affect user perceptions of the armor and may be responsible ...
Coefficients of univalent functions with restricted maximum modulus

Suppose that is univalent in Classical results due essentially to Littlewood and Paley assert that an inequality implies provided a α > ½ In this paper we show that this implication remains true for α ≧.497. In particular, this confirms Szego's conjecture that coefficients of fourfold symmetric functions satisfy . Tools include Hayman's theorem which asserts that a univalent function cannot be too big at too many different places, and a localized version of an inequality of Clunie and Pommerenke which those authors had used to prove an=(n−.503) for bounded univalent f
Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Review of the First 200 Patients in an Australian Clinic:

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a common multisystem disorder, best managed in a multidisciplinary clinic. In 1991, the first Australian neurofibromatosis clinic was established at the Children's Hospital, Camperdown, and the clinical characteristics of the first 150 families are reviewed. Two hundred individuals were assessed; there was an equal sex distribution, and 55% of cases were sporadic. Advanced paternal age appeared to predispose to new mutations in the neurofibromatosis gene. Cafe-au-lait spots and axillary freckling were important to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1 during childhood, and neurofibromas and Lisch nodules, although often not appearing until after puberty, were present in almost all patients over 30 years of age. Short stature (27%), macrocephaly (43%), scoliosis (20.5%), and learning disabilities (45%) were common associated features. The prevalence of disease complications was similar to the major US and European studies.
Multiple forms of synthase D phosphatase and phosphorylase a phosphatase in liver and regulatory effects of metabolites on their activities.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosol fractions of liver homogenates exhibit phosphoprotein phosphatase activity towards glycogen synthase D and phosphorylase a. The following observations suggest that liver contains multiple forms of these phosphatases. Synthase phosphatase activity in either fraction was more readily inactivated by heating than phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Both synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase activities in smooth ER were non-competitively inhibited by Mg2+, but were activated by this ion in the cytosol. Synthase phosphatase activities in cytosol and smooth ER were stimulated by a number of sugar phosphates, particularly glucose-l-phosphate, galactose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate. Erythrose-4-phosphate stimulated synthase phosphatase activity in the cytosol, but inhibited the microsomal enzyme. Phosphorylase phosphatase activities in either fraction were inhibited by most sugar phosphates. Adenosine mono-, di- and tri-phosphates inhibited phosphatase activities in both fractions. Low concentrations of AMP and ADP inhibited phosphorylase phosphatase activities to a greater extent than synthase phosphatase activities. Chromatography of the smooth ER fraction on DEAE-cellulose resulted in the separation of synthase phosphatase from phosphorylase phosphatase, as soluble proteins. The elution profile for the microsomal phosphatase was different from that for the cytosol enzymes. It is concluded that: (a) both synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase in liver have at least two isoenzyme forms (b) synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase phosphatase are separate enzymes (c) the different behaviour of microsomal and cytosol phosphatases towards divalent cations and sugar phosphates provides a potential mechanism for the differential regulation of these activities in liver.
Diagnosability for fault tolerant parallel systems

Abstract In this paper a new approach to t-fault-diagnosability is presented. This is applied to a new parallel system, referred to as SADD, System Architecture for Distributed Diagnosability. SADD uses t-fault-diagnosis to attain high throuput without a reduction in fault tolerance as compared to modular redundancy systems. The system is divided into stations to facilitate the distributed diagnosability. The diagnosis procedure consists of a fault identification phase (prior to system testing) and a Byzantine General's Algorithm. The conditions of fault identification and diagnosability are presented. No central controller is required, and a remarkable improvement is achieved compared with existing systems (an almost 100% improvement), which use t-diagnosis.
Selecting operations research software for classroom microcomputers

Abstract The explosion of microcomputers in universities, industries and homes introduces both challenges and opportunities for the teaching of operations research. This paper examines the issue of selecting operations research software for classroom use.
"Shifting family boundaries" after the diagnosis of childhood cancer in stepfamilies.

The childhood cancer experiences of stepfamilies have not been described despite the fact that nearly one third of U.S. children will live in a stepfamily household. To describe the impact of diagn...
Anastomosis groups among isolates of Ceratobasidium cornigerum and related fungi.

SUMMARYHyphal anastomosis was studied among 85 isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia solani-like fungi. On the basis of pairings, seven anastomosis groups (CAG) were discovered and designated CAG 1 th...
ANALYSIS OF ELECTRON WAVE FUNCTIONS THAT EXHIBIT OSCILLATORY BEHAVIOR AT THE BLOCH FREQUENCY

Energy eigenstates are superimposed, using the Stark ladder energy spectrum, to construct exact, closed-form wave packets for an electron in a uniform dc electric field and a virtual lattice. We find that (1) perfectly periodic temporal variation at the Bloch frequency does not necessarily imply that there is a spatial oscillation and (2) perfectly periodic variation in both spatial and temporal behavior at the Bloch frequency does not imply that the motion is related in any way to the equation, dk/dt = −eE/h.
Synergistic neuroprotective effects of C3a and C5a receptor blockade following intracerebral hemorrhage.

Abstract Background : Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with neurological injury that may be ameliorated by a neuroprotective strategy targeting the complement cascade. We investigated the role of C5a-receptor antagonist (C5aRA) solely and in combination with C3a-receptor antagonist (C3aRA) following ICH in mice. Methods : Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to receive vehicle, C5aRA alone or C3aRA and C5aRA 6 and 12 h after ICH, and every 12 h thereafter. A double injection technique was used to infuse 30 μL of autologous whole blood into the right striatum. A final group of mice received a sham procedure consisting only of needle insertion followed by vehicle injections. Brain water content and flow cytometry analysis for leukocyte and microglia infiltration and activation in both hemispheres were measured on day 3 post ICH. Neurological dysfunction was assessed using a Morris water-maze (MWM), a 28-point scale, and a corner test at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after ICH induction. Results : Neurological deficits were present and comparable in all three cohorts 6 h after ICH. Animals treated with C5aRA and animals treated with combined C3aRA/C5aRA demonstrated significant improvements in neurological function assessed by both the corner turn test and a 28-point neurological scale at 24, 48 and 72 h relative to vehicle-treated animals. Similarly, C5aRA and C3aRA/C5aRA-treated mice demonstrated better spatial memory retention in the Morris water-maze test compared with vehicle-treated animals (C3aRA/C5aRA: 23.4 ± 2.0 s p ≤ 0.0001 versus vehicle: 10.0 ± 1.7 s). Relative to vehicle-treated mice, the brain water content in C3aRA/C5aRA-treated mice was significantly decreased in the ipsilateral cortex and ipsilateral striatum (ipsilateral cortex: C3aRA/C5aRA: 0.755403 ± 0.008 versus 0.773327 ± 0.003 p = 0.01 striatum: 0.752273 ± 0.007 versus 0.771163 ± 0.0036 p = 0.02). C5aRA-treated mice and C3aRA/C5aRA-treated mice had a decreased ratio of granulocytes (CD45 + /CD11b + /Ly-6G + ) in the hemorrhagic versus non-hemorrhagic hemispheres relative to vehicle-treated animals (C5aRA: 1.78 ± 0.36 p = 0.02 C3aRA/C5aRA: 1.59 ± 0.22 p = 0.005 versus vehicle: 3.01). Conclusions : While administration of C5aRA alone provided neuroprotection, combined C3aRA/C5aRA therapy led to synergistic improvements in neurofunctional outcome while reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and brain edema. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous blockade of the C3a and C5a receptors represents a promising neuroprotective strategy in hemorrhagic stroke.
Conductor vibration damping

WIND-INDUCED VIBRATION of overhead conductors is inhibited by the use of Stockbridge dampers. Energy relationships are indicated by Fig. 1. Vibration amplitudes tend to increase until the rate of energy input from wind, Curve A, is balanced by the rate of mechanical-energy dissipation in vibration, Curve B. The function of dampers is to increase the total rate of dissipation, Curve C, so that equilibrium occurs at insignificant amplitudes. The best possible damping occurs when a damper can absorb vibration energy from the conductor at the maximum possible rate.
Particle Size Control for PIV Seeding Using Dry Ice

Abstract : Particle image velocimetry (PIV) has been carried out using solid carbon dioxide (CO2) particles as the seed material to continue the development of clean seeding for use in large-scale, closed-circuit tunnels. Testing occurred in two wind tunnels at subsonic and supersonic speeds using dry ice particles generated by allowing liquified CO2 to expand from a small diameter injector tube through a larger diameter shroud tube. The particles were injected into the plenum and discrete solid particles, suitable for PIV measurements, were present in the test section. Data on particle size were first collected using a Malvern particle size analyzer for three sizes of injector tubes, two sizes of shroud tubes, and two different types of shroud tubes: a simple tube and a static mixing tube. The injectors using the static mixing shroud tube and the simple shroud tube were each used in the adjustable throat supersonic blowdown wind tunnel at the Air Force Institute of Technology with a 6 inch by 6.5 inch crosssection. Particle size results for these two configurations suggested that the static mixing shroud tube decreased the Sauter mean particle diameter by a factor of three. In the tunnel, Mach 1.92 flow over a 10 degree ramp was produced and PIV images captured particles above the ramp, both upstream and downstream of the oblique shock while schlieren imaging provided insight into the flow conditions. Both the velocities far upstream and far downstream of the shock closely matched expectations, based on the wind tunnel instrumentation. Particle lag for the flow across the shock was quantified for the two cases, and despite the substantial, quantified differences in particle size measured at the shroud tube exit, the results for both shroud tubes were generally consistent with a theoretical response of a 2 micron particle. Finally, for the first time particles were injeinch cross-sectthat PIV using CO2 particles may be robustly implemented
The low-income single-family house and the effectiveness of architects in affecting affordability

Architects are increasingly engaged in efforts to provide affordable, owner-occupied housing in the United States. Yet architects’ roles in broadly addressing affordable housing remain marginal as was anecdotally evident by the absence of architects at a recent university-sponsored affordable housing workshop. Apparently, the potential contributions of architects in “the development of innovative approaches and best practices” related to affordable, owner-occupied housing is not always valued to housing policymakers and planners such as those who organized this workshop. This paper speculatively explores the gap between the potential value of architects and their actual effectiveness at realizing widespread relevancy, innovation, and change in improving the quality and attainability of affordable, owner occupied housing and how this gap may contribute to the undervaluation and marginalization of architects’ efforts to address affordable housing needs in the United States. Case studies of several recent U.S. house design competitions exemplify these gaps. Potential strategies for closing these gaps and thus appreciating the value of architects’ efforts in this endeavor are identified.To become central in providing much-needed affordable, owner-occupied housing, architects must make the value of their potential contributions evident. This requires a clear definition of design goals, a rigorous assessment of built projects, and the thorough dissemination of findings and methodologies. Architects must engage those fields to which they have, in the U.S., long relinquished affordable, single-family housing. Architects must demonstrate that qualitative design improvements are not just possible within the frameworks and agendas of those other fields but that good design will better enable the achievement of those extra-disciplinary goals.
Aperture Effects on the Aerooptical Distortions Produced by a Compressible Shear Layer

A recent paper presented time-series measurements of optical wave front distortions produced by a weakly compressible shear layer using the small-aperture beam technique (SABTI. These researchers used a posttest, high-pass, digital filter to remove vibrational noise from their beam-jitter signals, choosing a corner-frequency compatible with their 5-cm test aperture. A reexamination of their raw data is documented, and the proper corner-frequency selection for vibration-corruption removal is systematically treated. The resulting SABT wave front reconstructions recaptured the structures previously reported, but now reveal large-amplitude, time-varying, tilt aberrations not previously of interest to 5-cm-aperture optical-system applications. These tilt aberrations are indicative of large-scale flow structures with a spatial scale larger than the test aperture. This conclusion is supported by the results of a recently published numerical simulation. Experimental evidence is presented that suggests that the measured small-scale distortions may have been caused by temperature discontinuities in the splitter-plate boundary layer that fed into the shear layer
A World-Class Smart Grid Education and Workforce Training Center

Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) will lead an extensive and collaborative effort for establishing a World-Class Smart Grid Education and Workforce Training Center. The Center will develop and deploy smart grid technology courses and certificate programs via instructor-led and distance-learning methodologies. The Center will use the IIT's strong and already established smart grid and power engineering infrastructures to engage utilities, corporations, labor unions, Veterans, K-12 students and educators, and universities and community colleges in a collaborative initiative to train the strongest workforce in the world to meet the global challenges in smart grid, energy independence, clean environment, and sustainable energy. The proposed activities will be completed in six phases which include: Phase I - Establishment of the Smart Grid Education and Workforce Training Center; Phase II - Assessment of Training Needs for Smart Grid Workforce; Phase III - Development of Smart Grid Workforce Training Programs; Phase IV - Deployment of Smart Grid Workforce Training Programs; Phase V - Development of Strategies for Sustaining the Center Operation; Phase VI - Final Reporting.
A Narrative Policy Framework: Clear Enough to Be Wrong?

Narratives are increasingly subject to empirical study in a wide variety of disciplines. However, in public policy, narratives are thought of almost exclusively as a poststructural concept outside the realm of empirical study. In this paper, after reviewing the major literature on narratives, we argue that policy narratives can be studied using systematic empirical approaches and introduce a “Narrative Policy Framework” (NPF) for elaboration and empirical testing. The NPF defines narrative structure and narrative content. We then discuss narrative at the micro level of analysis and examine how narratives impact individual attitudes and hence aggregate public opinion. Similarly, we examine strategies for the studying of group and elite behavior using the NPF. We conclude with seven hypotheses for researchers interested in elaborating the framework.
Effects of Accountability on Rating Behavior and Rater Accuracy

We tested whether improvements in rater accuracy on a performance-appraisal task attributed to rater accountability could be explained by variance in rater behavior. Data from Mero and Motowidlo (1995) were used initially to test whether observed improvements in rater accuracy could be explained by rating process behaviors of attending to relevant subordinate performance and taking better notes to record that performance. Results showed that both behaviors were correlated with accuracy and that these behaviors partially mediated the relationship between accountability and improved decision quality for participants who were held accountable for their rating decision and did not have any preconceived information about that rating from their supervisor. We then tested this process model on a new sample of participants and found that attentiveness and notetaking mediated the relationship between accountability and accuracy.
Globalization, uneven development and capital: reflections on reading Thomas Friedman's The World Is Flat

In his book ‘The World Is Flat’, Thomas Friedman postulates notions of ‘flatness’ that combine to suggest, on the one hand, tendencies towards an equalization of chances of economic development; and on the other, a displacement of vertical forms of organization by more horizontal ones, notably of states by markets. Drawing on historical geographical materialism, it is shown that geographically uneven development is a necessary outcome of the accumulation process; and equally, states are inevitably implicated in this outcome.
Dietary Effects on Blood Pressure: 2. Effects of Dietary Restriction

Abstract WELLS et al. (1962) reported that, when rabbits were fed diets containing added cholesterol, limiting the feeding-time to two or three one-hour periods daily caused an increase in serum and liver cholesterol concentrations and incidence of atherosclerosis. Katz (1951) found that chickens receiving a diet containing cholesterol at 60% of ad libitum consumption had a higher degree of cholesteremia and atherosclerosis than chicks receiving the diet ad libitum. He concluded that “under-nutrition” was not protective against cholesteremia and atherosclerosis in the presence of dietary cholesterol. Holmer et al. (1960) and Dam et al. (1959) reported that, in their trials, fasting actually increased the plasma cholesterol concentration of chicks. Cohn et al. (1961) fed diets containing cholesterol on an ad libitum basis or during two one-hour feeding periods each day. They reported that birds limited to eating during two one-hour periods each day had twice the serum cholesterol concentration and many…
Posaconazole: An Oral Triazole with an Extended Spectrum of Activity

Objective:To summarize the published clinical data on posaconazole, critically review the New Drug Application data submitted to the Food and Drug Administration, and provide information critical for evaluation and formulary positioning.Data Sources:Reported investigations were identified from MEDLINE (1966-June 30, 2008), bibliographies of manuscripts, www.clinicaltrials.gov, and www.fda.gov.Study Selection and Data Extraction:English-language articles were selected. AN available in vitro, animal, clinical, and human studies describing the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, safety, and adverse events of posaconazole were reviewed.Data Synthesis:Posaconazole is an oral broad-spectrum triazole with activity against many yeasts and molds. Resistance to posaconazole has been reported, but has been rare to date. Posaconazole, in doses of 200 mg 3 limes daily, reduced breakthrough invasive fungal infections (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12 to 0.71) and aspergillosis incidence (OR 0.31; 95% CI 0.1...
Identification of Two RNA-binding Proteins Associated with Human Telomerase RNA

Telomerase plays a crucial role in telomere maintenance in vivo. To understand telomerase regulation, we have been characterizing components of the enzyme. To date several components of the mammalian telomerase holoenzyme have been identified: the essential RNA component (human telomerase RNA [hTR]), the catalytic subunit human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and telomerase-associated protein 1. Here we describe the identification of two new proteins that interact with hTR: hStau and L22. Antisera against both proteins immunoprecipitated hTR, hTERT, and telomerase activity from cell extracts, suggesting that the proteins are associated with telomerase. Both proteins localized to the nucleolus and cytoplasm. Although these proteins are associated with telomerase, we found no evidence of their association with each other or with telomerase-associated protein 1. Both hStau and L22 are more abundant than TERT. This, together with their localization, suggests that they may be associated with other ribonucleoprotein complexes in cells. We propose that these two hTR-associated proteins may play a role in hTR processing, telomerase assembly, or localization in vivo.
Perceived Stigma Among People With Chronic Health Conditions The Influence of Age, Stressor Exposure, and Psychosocial Resources

Objectives:This study addresses whether age, functional limitation and other stressor exposure, and psychosocial coping resources influence variation in perceived stigma and the form this influence takes (i.e., independent and/or interdependent).Methods:Using data from two waves of a large community study of adults (age 20–93) with chronic health conditions (n = 417), a residual change regression analysis considers direct and moderating factors influencing perceived stigma over a 3-year period.Results:Age, functional limitation, the experience of discrimination, and self-esteem independently account for variation in perceived stigma. Moderation tests reveal that age is associated with a greater increase in stigma in the context of greater functional limitation and increases in limitation. Functional limitation and stressor exposure are also associated with declines in stigma in the context of greater mastery and self-esteem.Discussion:Multiple processes bear on perceived stigma among people with chronic h...
The Effects of Reciprocal Peer Coaching on Preservice General Educators' Instruction of Students with Special Learning Needs

Most students with special learning needs spend a good proportian of their time in school in general education classrooms. There is ample reason to suspect, however, that many general educators are...
Labor force participation

Abstract Trends in U.S. female and male labor force participation are outlined, particularly for the post-World War II period. Potential causes of these trends are then discussed, both those that operate on the demand side and those that operate on the supply side of the labor market, along with some discussion of alternative approaches to modeling these employment changes. Effects of these trends and future direction of changes are also considered.
Recombinant Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoproteins E and I: Immunologic Responses and Clearance of Virus in a Guinea Pig Model of Chronic Uveitis

Guinea pigs immunized with recombinant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoproteins E (gE) and I (gI) developed antigen-specific antibodies in the sera, vitreous, and conjunctival washes. Sera from immunized animals neutralized both cell-free and cell-associated VZV, and peripheral blood lymphocytes proliferated in vitro in response to recombinant gE and gI and to antigens from VZV-infected cells. Immunized guinea pigs were inoculated intravitreally with VZV, which induces chronic uveitis. VZV DNA was more rapidly cleared and infectious VZV was isolated less frequently from the retinas of animals immunized with gE and gI compared with that in controls receiving adjuvant alone. Nonetheless, cellular infiltrates in the vitreous, retina, and choroid were prevalent 21 days after VZV inoculation in both the adjuvant-alone- and gE-gI-immunized animals. Immunization with VZV gE and gI induced potent humoral and cellular responses that accelerated the clearance of VZV DNA and may neutralize virus within the eye.
Sex-specific alterations in mRNA level of key lipid metabolism enzymes in skeletal muscle of overweight and obese subjects following endurance exercise

Endurance exercise (EE) leads to beneficial alterations in skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in overweight and obese individuals; however, the mechanisms of these improvements are poorly understood. The primary goal of the current investigation was to test the hypothesis that long-term EE training (6 mo) leads to alterations in the mRNA abundance of key lipid metabolism enzymes in skeletal muscle of overweight and obese middle-aged women and men. A secondary aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that exercise-mediated adaptations in mRNA levels differ between women and men. The mRNA abundance of representative lipogenic and lipolytic genes from major lipid metabolism pathways, as well as representative lipogenic and lipolytic transcription factors, were determined by real-time PCR from skeletal muscle biopsies collected before and ∼24 h after the final bout of 6 mo of EE. Six months of EE led to increases in muscle lipoprotein lipase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 β, diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1, and acid ceramidase mRNA in women, but not men. In contrast, in men, EE led to reductions in the mRNA content of the lipogenic factors sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c and serine palmitoyl transferase. These data suggest that EE-mediated alterations in the abundance of the lipid metabolism genes studied here are fundamentally different between overweight and obese middle-aged women and men. Future studies should determine whether these adaptations in mRNA levels translate into changes in protein function.
Simulation of the evolution of concentrated shear layers in a Maxwell fluid with a fast high-resolution finite-difference scheme

Abstract We employ a new second-order extension of the Lax–Friedrichs scheme, with incompressibility imposed by means of a projection algorithm, to follow the evolution of the vorticity and stress fields for a Maxwell fluid in a two-dimensional periodic system initialized with two thin and concentrated shear layers. The scheme is simple, efficient, and robust, and is capable, in particular, of resolving large stress gradients.
Beyond Optimal Forecasting

While the conditional mean is known to provide the minimum mean square error (MSE) forecast – and hence is optimal under a squared-error loss function – it must often in practice be replaced by a noisy estimate when model parameters are estimated over a small sample. Here two results are obtained, both of which motivate the use of forecasts biased toward zero (shrinkage forecasts) in such settings. First, the noisy forecast with minimum MSE is shown to be a shrinkage forecast. Second, a condition is derived under which a shrinkage forecast stochastically dominates the unbiased forecast over the class of loss functions monotonic in the forecast error magnitude. The appropriate amount of shrinkage from either perspective depends on a noisiness parameter which must be estimated, however, so the actual reduction in expected losses from shrinkage forecasting is an empirical issue. Simulation results over forecasts from a large variety of multiple regression models indicate that feasible shrinkage forecasts typically do provide modest improvements in forecast MSE when the noise in the estimate of the conditional mean is substantial. 2 Nowadays data sets are sometimes quite large, but the sample period over which the model specification can be taken to be stable is usually much smaller. Errors in estimating/forecasting input values of conditioning variables contribute to this noise in addition. These errors can be substantial also. Indeed, Ashley (1983) provides examples using actual macroeconomic forecasts where these errors overwhelm the model’s forecasting ab ility altogether.
Flow in Knowledge Work: High Performance Experience in the Design of National Security Technology:

Knowledge work, which consists of goal-oriented activities that require high levels of competency to complete, comprises a large and increasing amount of work in modern organizations. Because knowl...
Using a layered paradigm to model multimedia

This paper examines multimedia from a perspective of both data modeling and application development. It outlines a layered paradigm as a preferred approach to modeling, proposes a new layered multimedia data model (LMDM), and then demonstrates how the LMDM can be used together with a database of multimedia data to describe and support a large number of present and future multimedia applications. In addition, evaluation criteria are proposed by which the effectiveness of any new multimedia modeling approach should be assessed. The paper concludes with an attempt to evaluate the utility of the LMDM in the light of these criteria. >
Modeling of fatigue crack closure in inclined and deflected cracks

A 2-dimensional, elastic-plastic finite element model has been developed to simulate plasticity induced crack closure in slanted and deflected cracks growing outside the small scale yielding (SSY) regime. The finite element model allows for contact between deformable surfaces to capture the complex contact interaction between the crack faces. Coulomb's friction law has been used to model friction between the crack faces and has been incorporated in the finite element model. This paper examines the mode I and mode II behavior of slanted cracks subjected to remote mode I, constant amplitude cyclic loading. Two possible types of mode II crack face interaction have been identified: (a) complete slip in mode II before mode I opening and, (b) mode I crack opening before the crack faces undergo mode II displacements. Both types of interactions were observed in slanted cracks. The finite element study also reveals a clear dependence of mode I and mode II crack opening levels for a slanted crack on R ratio and maximum stress, Smax/σ0. The crack opening levels for a slanted crack are found to be significantly higher than the stable opening values for a straight crack growing in pure mode I. The mode I and mode II crack opening levels are also found to depend on the friction between the crack faces. A four-fold increase in friction coefficient resulted in almost 50% increase in normalized mode I and mode II opening values. This paper also describes the effect of crack deflection on closure. Deflection of a fatigue crack from 45 ◦ inclination to pure mode I caused a decrease in mode I opening level, but, an increase in mode II opening level. This difference in opening behavior is attributed to the transition of the nature of crack interaction from 'complete slip before opening' to 'opening in mode I before mode II shear offset'. Final stable opening levels for a deflected crack are found to be close to the stable value for straight cracks.
Impact of Breast Self-Examination Planned Educational Messages on Social Network Communications: An Exploratory Study

This two-part study examined the effect of college women's participation in a breast self- examination (BSE) educational program on discussion of BSE with specific members of their social network. In addition, the characteristics of college women who did report discussion with others were investigated as was the relationship between this discussion and the participants' mothers' breast cancer screening behaviors. Results suggest that a BSE education intervention which includes explicit messages to encourage discussion with social network members is effective in increasing communication with mothers, sisters and friends. College women who discussed BSE with their mothers were more likely to have mothers who have a high quality BSE practice and who state an intention to request a clinical breast examination at their next physician visit. The limitations of this study are discussed with recommendations for future research.
Ethnopharmacologic and phytochemical studies of the Thymelaeaceae

The ethnobotany, ethnopharmacology and phytochemistry of the Thymelaeaceae are reviewed. Some members of this family find wide use commercially whilst others are used as deadly poisons or possess extreme irritant properties. The phytochemical evidence thus far available indicates that the daphnane and tigliane diterpene esters are clearly responsible for the toxic reactions observed, but chemotaxonomically it is not possible to predict which additional genera are likely to contain these toxins. Caution should therefore be exercised when studying members of this plant family.
Enhanced split-architecture delta---sigma ADCs

A split delta---sigma ADC topology is proposed, which provides enhanced noise shaping by cross-coupling the quantization errors of the two halves of the structure. Unlike the multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) architecture, the new structure is insensitive to mismatch errors, and it does not reduce the stability of the loops. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Treatment of Bipolar Depression with Twice-Weekly Fluoxetine: Management of Antidepressant-Induced Mania

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of treatment of bipolar depression and management of antidepressant-induced mania with a low-dose fluoxetine regimen.CASE SUMMARY:A 59-year-old white woman was admitted involuntarily to a New York State psychiatric center with a diagnosis of bipolar (type I) disorder, mixed, with psychotic features. Initial treatment with lithium, olanzapine, and clonazepam produced a remission of manic and psychotic symptoms. However, the patient remained clinically depressed. Addition of oral fluoxetine 10 mg every morning to her medication regimen was followed 22 days later by the development of a manic state. Reduction of the fluoxetine dosage to 10 mg twice weekly was associated with the attainment of euthymia in 18 days. Thirteen days after the fluoxetine dosage reduction, the patients fluoxetine blood concentration was 20 μg/L and the norfluoxetine concentration was reported as 53 μg/L.DISCUSSION:To our knowledge, this is the first published case that describes the association between a l...
E-learning and Innovation Cultivation

Innovative thinking competence is one of five requirements of "21st century competence level." E-Learning is a new and significant branch of education, and the paper makes a research on discovering an effective method of cultivating students' innovation under the E-Learning pattern, combining the teaching character of the course of auto control principle, and concludes that we should carry out the student-centered teaching method, take cultivation of studentspsila innovative thinking competence as a core, and bring the modern technology of education into teaching in classrooms. Teaching practice demonstrates that E-Learning teaching pattern effectively stimulates studentspsila interesting in study, cultivate the studentspsila innovative thinking competence, and improve the teaching quality.