cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extraordinary cycling stability of Ni3(HITP)2 supercapacitors fabricated by electrophoretic deposition: Cycling at 100,000 cycles

Abstract Two-dimensionally (2D) connected metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of materials that are of considerable interest because of their potential applications in energy storage devices. In this work we report, the fabrication, by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of, an ultra-high cycling stability supercapacitor, with the 2D MOF Nickel-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaaminotriphenylene (Ni 3 (HITP) 2 ) as the active electrode material. The MOF-based symmetric supercapacitor, exhibited an excellent electrochemical capacitive performance over a potential window of 0–1.0 V, and displayed an areal specific capacitance of 15.69 mF cm −2 . Furthermore, the Ni 3 (HITP) 2 supercapacitor exhibited an exceptional capacitance retention of 84% after 100,000 cycles providing the best reported ultra-high cycling stability for an MOF to date. Such excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the EPD process, the 2D MOFs nanosheets which facilitate the electron transfer and electrolyte diffusion, and the large surface area of Ni 3 (HITP) 2 . These results provide a great prospect for developing MOFs as a new class of materials for energy storage devices.
Developing Regenerative Treatments for Developmental Defects, Injuries, and Diseases Using Extracellular Matrix Collagen-Targeting Peptides

Collagen is the most widespread extracellular matrix (ECM) protein in the body and is important in maintaining the functionality of organs and tissues. Studies have explored interventions using collagen-targeting tissue engineered techniques, using collagen hybridizing or collagen binding peptides, to target or treat dysregulated or injured collagen in developmental defects, injuries, and diseases. Researchers have used collagen-targeting peptides to deliver growth factors, drugs, and genetic materials, to develop bioactive surfaces, and to detect the distribution and status of collagen. All of these approaches have been used for various regenerative medicine applications, including neovascularization, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. In this review, we describe in depth the collagen-targeting approaches for regenerative therapeutics and compare the benefits of using the different molecules for various present and future applications.
Estimation of Health and Economic Benefits of Clinic Versus Home Administration of Omalizumab and Mepolizumab.

Background Biologic therapy is a paradigm-shifting management strategy for many patients with asthma and chronic urticaria, but concerns for therapy-associated anaphylaxis may limit access to these therapies for patients unable to travel to medical clinics. Objective To characterize the cost-effectiveness of in-clinic versus at-home biologic therapy with omalizumab and mepolizumab. Methods Economic evaluation using microsimulations was performed from societal and health care sector perspectives for patients with asthma or chronic spontaneous urticaria receiving omalizumab or mepolizumab in an allergy clinic, primary care provider (PCP) office, or at home over a 1-year time horizon (12 injections per year in each base case with sensitivity analysis to 24 injections per year). Travel times and distances were applied to a population attending a tertiary care allergy clinic in Northern New England receiving omalizumab or mepolizumab, using a willingness-to-pay value of $10 million per death prevented and in-clinic administration reducing anaphylaxis fatality and hospitalization 10- to100-fold. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results One-way allergy clinic travel distances significantly exceeded local PCP offices (49 miles, 95% CI, 42-56, vs 12 miles, 95% CI, 10-15). In the omalizumab societal analysis, annual PCP and allergy clinic administration cost $1369.14 (mean) ± $51.33 (SD) and $1916.68 ± $40.86, respectively. Small reductions in medication-related fatalities with in-clinic administration were offset by the potential increase in automobile fatalities resulting from traveling to the allergy clinic (14.6 ± 15.0 per million person-years for this strategy). Compared with at-home administration, in-clinic omalizumab administration was not cost-effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $500,648,430 (PCP), and with allergy clinic administration dominated by higher costs and automobile-related fatalities. Routine mepolizumab clinic administration was dominated by at-home administration unless anaphylaxis rates or self-administration teaching costs were high. Conclusions For many patients, at-home administration of omalizumab or mepolizumab may be a cost-effective strategy.
When third space is more than the library: The complexities of theorising and learning to use family and community resources to teach elementary literacy and mathematics

In this paper, we examine theory and practice related to creating spaces for pre-service teachers to learn about incorporating family and community resources into elementary mathematics and literacy. Our framework for understanding pre-service teacher learning related to families and communities as resources for both mathematics and literacy instruction locates this learning as happening concurrently in an elementary school, in the community in which the elementary school is located, and in university classrooms. Furthermore, we operationalize teacher learning as changes in: personal narratives of self as a learner and teacher; professional identities and practices as elementary teachers; understandings of the mathematics and literacy practices and resources of children, families, and communities. We are especially interested in understanding the 'third spaces' and overlaps that are highlighted by this model of teacher learning. In particular, in this paper, we are focusing on the overlaps inherent in the last element of pre-service teacher learning - related to the literacy and mathematics practices and resources of children, families, and communities - and the tensions, challenges, and benefits of exploring and supporting pre-service teachers in learning about these overlaps in three intersecting spaces - elementary school, community, and university.
Effects of cisapride on salivary production in normal subjects.

Cisapride improves reflux esophagitis and enhances esophageal acid clearance. To test the effect of cisapride on salivary production, we enrolled 14 healthy volunteers in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Subjects received cisapride, 10 mgper os four times a day, or placebo for three days. Saliva, collected during fasted and fed states, was analyzed for volume and buffer capacity. Buffer capacity was expressed as the volume of 0.01 N HCl needed to titrate 1 ml of saliva to pH 6.1. Both volume and buffer capacity significantly increased during the fed state as compared to the fasted on both cisapride and placebo. Cisapride significantly enhanced the postprandial salivary volume and buffer capacity compared to placebo: 29.6±11.3 ml vs 22.9±9.5 ml and 1.07±0.31 vs 0.89±0.28, respectively (P<0.0001). Cisapride's enhancement of salivary flow rate and buffer capacity in the fed state may be another mechanism by which it exerts its beneficial effect in patients with reflux esophagitis.
Video surveillance reveals a community of largely nocturnal Danaus plexippus (L.) egg predators

Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) declines in eastern North America have prompted milkweed host plant restoration efforts in non-agricultural grasslands. However, grasslands harbor predator communities that exert high predation pressure on monarch eggs and larvae. While diurnal monarch predators are relatively well known, no studies have investigated the contribution of nocturnal monarch predators. We used video cameras to monitor sentinel monarch eggs and fourth instars on milkweed in southern Michigan to identify predators and determine if nocturnally-active species impose significant predation pressure. We observed ten arthropod taxa consuming monarch eggs and larvae, with 74% of egg predation events occurring nocturnally. Taxa observed attacking monarch eggs included European earwigs (Forficula auricularia L.), tree crickets (Oecanthus sp.), lacewing larvae (Neuroptera), plant bugs (Miridae), small milkweed bugs (Lygaeus kalmii Stal), ants (Formicidae), spiders (Araneae: Salticidae and other spp.), harvestmen (Opiliones), and velvet mites (Trombidiformes: Trombidiidae). Larvae were attacked by ground beetles (Calleida sp.), jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae), and spined soldier bugs (Podisus maculiventris Say). Our findings provide important information about monarch predator–prey interactions that could be used to develop strategies to conserve monarchs through reducing predation on early life stages.
Human-Inspired—Zadeh—Sets and Logic

In 2015 fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic celebrated their golden anniversary, but (arguably) unfortunately they have not been and are not being used or considered by most technical people outside of the fuzzy community. I believe that this is, arguably, to a large extent due to the negative connotation of the name fuzzy and believe that it is time for a replacement of that word. Fuzzy may be okay to describe a soft teddy bear, a cuddly pet, or a peach but for it to be used for mathematics and its applications is a red flag. In this article I propose Zadeh set/logic as replacements of Fuzzy set/logic. After 55 years, it is time to honor Prof. Zadeh by using his name as a proper adjective. Replacing fuzzy by Zadeh is universal in that it needs no translation in any language, whereas fuzzy does. This article also illustrates how the use of these replacement terms will provide everyone with a way to describe what they are working on when they are in different situations, without encountering the derision or worse that frequently occurs when fuzzy is used.
Healthy behaviors are associated with positive outcomes for cancer survivors with ostomies: a cross-sectional study

Cancer survivors (CS) with ostomies may face challenges in sustaining physical activity (PA) levels and maintaining healthy diets. This analysis describes lifestyle behaviors and their relationships with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in CS with ostomies. This is a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of a multisite randomized self-management education trial for CS with ostomies. The baseline self-reported measures were queried on aerobic PA and diet using the City of Hope Quality of Life Ostomy measure, and the Self-Efficacy to Perform Self-Management Behaviors questionnaire (SE). PA was compared against the American Cancer Society PA guidelines for CS. Relationships between PA and HRQOL were evaluated using multiple linear regression, stratified by BMI. Among 200 responders, fewer than 20% met or exceeded the PA guideline for cancer survivors; overall, confidence in the ability to perform gentle or aerobic PA was moderate (6/10 on the SE). Overall HRQOL (p = 0.038), psychological well-being (p = 0.017), and physical strength (p = 0.025) were associated with increased PA. Almost half (48.7%) of CS reported a special diet. CS with urostomies were less likely to report diet adjustments after their ostomy surgeries (OR: 0.16, 95% CI [0.08–0.38]) than CS with fecal ostomies. Better HRQOL is associated with PA guideline achievement among CS with ostomies. Additionally, diet adjustments were reported more frequently in CS with fecal ostomies. Our findings bear clinical relevance for designing ostomy self-management and lifestyle recommendations for CS with ostomies. The evaluation of lifestyle behaviors may be an especially important focus for CS with ostomies.
Exploring Virtual Environments by Visually Impaired Using a Mixed Reality Cane Without Visual Feedback

Though virtual reality (VR) has been advanced to certain levels of maturity in recent years, the general public, especially the population of the blind and visually impaired (BVI), still cannot enjoy the benefit provided by VR. Current VR accessibility applications have been developed either on expensive head-mounted displays or with extra accessories and mechanisms, which are either not accessible or inconvenient for BVI individuals. In this paper, we present a mobile VR app that enables BVI users to access a virtual environment on an iPhone in order to build their skills of perception and recognition of the virtual environment and the virtual objects in the environment. The app uses the iPhone on a selfie stick to simulate a long cane in VR, and applies Augmented Reality (AR) techniques to track the iPhone’s real-time poses in an empty space of the real world, which is then synchronized to the long cane in the VR environment. Due to the use of mixed reality (the integration of VR & AR), we call it the Mixed Reality cane (MR Cane), which provides BVI users auditory and vibrotactile feedback whenever the virtual cane comes in contact with objects in VR. Thus, the MR Cane allows BVI individuals to interact with the virtual objects and identify approximate sizes and locations of the objects in the virtual environment. We performed preliminary user studies with blind-folded participants to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed mobile approach and the results indicate that the proposed MR Cane could be effective to help BVI individuals in understanding the interaction with virtual objects and exploring 3D virtual environments. The MR Cane concept can be extended to new applications of navigation, training and entertainment for BVI individuals without more significant efforts.
Hydrogen Sulfide as a Potential Therapy for Heart Failure-Past, Present, and Future

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous, gaseous signaling molecule that plays a critical role in cardiac and vascular biology. H2S regulates vascular tone and oxidant defenses and exerts cytoprotective effects in the heart and circulation. Recent studies indicate that H2S modulates various components of metabolic syndrome, including obesity and glucose metabolism. This review will discuss studies exhibiting H2S -derived cardioprotective signaling in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We will also discuss the role of H2S in metabolic syndrome and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Hiring Recent College Graduates by Human Resource Management in the United States of America

In 2012, more than a quarter a million U.S. employees voluntarily terminated their employment with their respective organizations. Demographic characteristics of education, gender, and length of tenure are significant factors in employee turnover intentions. The grounds of this study is to investigate the functions of H.R. to hire fresh college graduates in the U.S. This study aims to determine the challenges, opportunities, pros, and cons of hiring recent college graduates. The study reports the strategies used by H.R. management to employ fresh graduates. The study also reports the churn rate of hiring fresh graduates with a duration of 4 years. The population consists of the 2015-2019 National Longitudinal Survey 97 who were full-time employees, over age 22, not self-employed, and not limited to a specific employment industry. It also comes up with suggestions and the corrective measure to bring down the turnover intentions.
A federated approach for fine-grained classification of fashion apparel

Abstract As online retail services proliferate and are pervasive in modern lives, applications for classifying fashion apparel features from image data are becoming more indispensable. Online retailers, from leading companies to start-ups, can leverage such applications in order to increase profit margin and enhance the consumer experience. Many notable schemes have been proposed to classify fashion items, however, the majority of such schemes have focused upon classifying basic-level categories, such as T-shirts, pants, skirts, shoes, bags, and so forth. In contrast to most prior efforts, this paper aims to enable an in-depth classification of fashion item attributes within the same category. Beginning with a single dress, we seek to classify the type of dress hem, the hem length, and the sleeve length. The proposed scheme is comprised of three major stages: (a) localization of a target item from an input image using semantic segmentation, (b) detection of human key points (e.g., point of shoulder) using a pre-trained CNN and a bounding box, and (c) three-phase classification of the attributes using a combination of algorithmic approaches and deep neural networks. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is highly effective, with all categories having average precision of above 93.02%, and outperforms existing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-based schemes.
L10 phase formation in ternary FePdNi alloys

Abstract Metallurgical routes to highly metastable phases are required to access new materials with new functionalities. To this end, the stability of the tetragonal chemically ordered L1 0 phase in the ternary Fe–Pd–Ni system is quantified to provide enabling information concerning synthesis of L1 0 -type FeNi, a highly attractive yet highly elusive advanced permanent magnet candidate. Fe 50 Pd 50−x Ni x (x = 0–7 at%) samples were arc-melted and annealed at 773 K (500 °C) for 100 h to induce formation of the chemically ordered L1 0 phase. Coupled calorimetry, structural and magnetic investigations allow determination of an isothermal section of the ternary Fe–Pd–Ni phase diagram featuring a single phase L1 0 region near the FePd boundary for x 50 Pd 50−x Ni x alloys systematically decreases the order-disorder transition temperature, resulting in a lower thermodynamic driving force for the ordering phase transformation. The Fe 50 Pd 50−x Ni x L1 0 → fcc disordering transformation is determined to occur via a two-step process, with compositionally-dependent enthalpies and transition temperatures. These results highlight the need to investigate ternary alloys with higher Ni content to determine the stability range of the L1 0 phase near the FeNi boundary, thereby facilitating kinetic access to the important L1 0 FeNi ferromagnetic phase.
Man-computer communication techniques: two experiments.

Two experimental studies are reported that were intended to evaluate alternative man-computer communication techniques within the context of a computer-based image interpretation facility. The first experiment, comparing five different data entry procedures, indicated that, although a procedure requiring the interpreter to enter report data directly using a teletype keyboard resulted in the shortest overall throughput time, a procedure involving message composition by the image interpreter with subsequent transcription by a communicator minimizes the time spent by the interpreter in report generation and maximizes the time available for the detection and identification of targets on aerial imagery. The second experiment evaluating alternative word form-data entry format combinations, showed no differences among the six combinations studied.
Glutaraldehyde inactivation of exotic animal viruses in swine heart tissue.

Glutaraldehyde, 0.2%, in a 1:100 (wt/vol) ratio, inactivated four animal viruses (foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, African swine fever, hog cholera) in swine heart tissues during 11-day exposures at 22 to 26°C.
Characteristics, consumer surplus, and new activities

Abstract Physical characteristics of activities and personal characteristics of the individual are incorporated into an expenditure function. This function is used to define the compensating and equivalent variation for changes in the costs or physical characteristics of the existing activities, or for a proposed activity as a function of its proposed characteristics and cost. The model is used to estimate the demand for, and the CVs and EVs associated with, the development of a Colorado ski area. These vary across skiers as a function of skiing ability, value of time, location of residence, and skiing budget.
Numerical Simulation guided Lazy Abstraction Refinement for Nonlinear Hybrid Automata

This draft suggests a new counterexample guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) framework that uses the combination of numerical simulation for nonlinear differential equations with linear programming for linear hybrid automata (LHA) to perform reachability analysis on nonlinear hybrid automata. A notion of $\epsilon-$ structural robustness is also introduced which allows the algorithm to validate counterexamples using numerical simulations. Keywords: verification, model checking, hybrid systems, hybrid automata, robustness, robust hybrid systems, numerical simulation, cegar, abstraction refinement.
AGE LIMITS OF PEDIATRICS

In 1938 the American Academy of Pediatrics took formal action and defined the age limits of pediatric practice as follows (Journal of Pediatrics, 13 :127 and 13 :266, 1938): The practice of pediatrics begins at birth and extends well into adolescence and in most cases it will terminate between the sixteenth and eighteenth year of life. In 1969, the Council on Pediatric Practice asked the Executive Board to up date this statement, and the Executive Board referred it to the Council on Child Health. After extensive review of several statements proposed by the Committee on Youth, the Council on Child Health recommended the following statement, which has been approved by the Executive Committee of the Academy for publication as official policy of the American Academy of Pediatrics. PEDIATRICS The purview of pediatrics includes the growth, development, and health of the child and therefore begins in the period prior to birth when conception is apparent. It continues through childhood and adolescence when the growth and developmental processes are generally completed. The responsibility of pediatrics may therefore begin during pregnancy and usually terminates by 21 years of age.
Predicting rtPA Associated ICH in Acute Stroke

To the Editor: I read with interest the study by Trouillas et al from Lyon, France,1 describing a plasma marker associated with parenchymal brain hemorrhage in patients treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) for acute stroke. Unusually high D-dimer levels measured at 2 hours after beginning rtPA were associated with increased risk of parenchymal hemorrhage within 24 hours. This is useful information that could be translated to patients treated elsewhere with a similar protocol. However, the currently adopted protocol for intravenous rtPA treatment of acute stroke in the United States and many other countries is according to the American Stroke Association (ASA)2 and the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)3 guidelines, and these guidelines differ in 2 important ways from the protocol used in Lyon. I would like to point out that because of these differences, the findings from Lyon may not translate to centers that …
Visualizing Global Properties of a Molecular Dynamics Trajectory

Molecular dynamics (MD) trajectories are very large data sets that contain substantial information about the dynamic behavior of a protein. Condensing these data into a form that can provide intuitively useful understanding of the molecular behavior during the trajectory is a substantial challenge that has received relatively little attention. Here, we introduce the sigma-r plot, a plot of the standard deviation of intermolecular distances as a function of that distance. This representation of global dynamics contains within a single, one-dimensional plot, the average range of motion between pairs of atoms within a macromolecule. Comparison of sigma-r plots calculated from 10 ns trajectories of proteins representing the four major SCOP fold classes indicates diversity of dynamic behaviors which are recognizably different among the four classes. Differences in domain structure and molecular weight also produce recognizable features in sigma-r plots, reflective of differences in global dynamics. Plots generated from trajectories with progressively increasing simulation time reflect the increased sampling of the structural ensemble as a function of time. Single amino acid replacements can give rise to changes in global dynamics detectable through comparison of sigma-r plots. Dynamic behavior of substructures can be monitored by careful choice of interatomic vectors included in the calculation. These examples provide demonstrations of the utility of the sigma-r plot to provide a simple measure of the global dynamics of a macromolecule.
Optimal dynamic detection of explosives

The detection of explosives is a notoriously difficult problem, especially at stand-off distances, due to their (generally) low vapor pressure, environmental and matrix interferences, and packaging. We are exploring optimal dynamic detection to exploit the best capabilities of recent advances in laser technology and recent discoveries in optimal shaping of laser pulses for control of molecular processes to significantly enhance the standoff detection of explosives. The core of the ODD-Ex technique is the introduction of optimally shaped laser pulses to simultaneously enhance sensitivity of explosives signatures while reducing the influence of noise and the signals from background interferents in the field (increase selectivity). These goals are being addressed by operating in an optimal nonlinear fashion, typically with a single shaped laser pulse inherently containing within it coherently locked control and probe sub-pulses. With sufficient bandwidth, the technique is capable of intrinsically providing orthogonal broad spectral information for data fusion, all from a single optimal pulse.
Pass-band filter performance for space-flight dark energy missions

The nature of Dark Energy can by constrained by the precise determination of super-novae distance moduli in ultraviolet to near IR pass-bands. Space-based observations are required for these moduli to be measured with the scientifically required photometric accuracies. Consequently, robust pass-band filters operable at cryogenic temperatures (120-140K) are needed that have challenging performance attributes including high in-band transmission, low ripple, good out-ofband rejection, and moderate band-edge slope. We describe the requirements and performance of dielectric multi-layer filters with spectral profiles that are suitable for both achieving the science and for accurate calibration using plausible on-orbit measurement systems.
Comparative Studies of the Metabolism of Thyroxine in the Pituitaries of Pregnant Sheep and Their Fetuses

In the fetuses of some mammalian species, including man and possibly sheep, serum TSH concentrations are higher than those in the adult, and TSH secretion is less readily inhibited by exogenous T3. In an effort to obtain information concerning the factors that might contribute to these differences, comparative studies of the metabolism of 125I-labeled T4 and its conversion to 125I-labeled T3 were carried out in homogenates of pituitary glands from pregnant sheep (125 days of gestation) and their own fetuses. Homogenates of livers from the same animals were studied concomitantly. All specimens were enriched with the stimulatory agent dithiothreitol (20 RIM). Under these conditions of study, in all tissues, only three 125I-labeled products of [125I]T4 metabolism were observed: T3, iodide, and chromatographically immobile origin material. The T4-degrading and T3- generating activities of fetal and maternal pituitary homogenates were virtually equal, and were far greater than those in the corresponding homoge...
Oxygen diffusing capacity estimates derived from measured VA/Q distributions in man.

Abstract Data from eighteen subjects, studied in hypoxia ( minimum P I O 2 = 80 Torr ) both at rest and during exercise, were analyzed using computer models which estimate O2 diffusing capacity from measured V A /Q distributions (obtained using the multiple inert gas elimination technique ‘MIGET’) and measured O2 exchange. Two of these models assigned the distribution of the diffusing capacity (D) in proportion to either the perfusion (D L O2-Vwt) distributions from MIGET, and thus modeled the effects of V A /Q and D/Qβ(where Qβ is the perfusive conductance inequalities respectively. The third model (D L O2-3C) assigned all the diffusing capacity to a single homogeneous compartment. At rest D L O2 was 41.1 ± 41.4 ± 5.4 and 30.2 ± 2.1 ml · min−1 · Torr−1 for the Qwt, Vwt and 3C models respectively. These rose to 93.7 ± 2.6, 109.3 ± 4.5 and 81.1 ± 1.9 ml · min−1 · Torr−1 respectively at maximal exercise, all significantly different from rest (P A /Q and theoretical D/Qβ inhomogeneities on diffusing capacity estimates were significant even in normal lungs. Both types of inequality caused an appreciable underestimation of D L O2. These multi-compartment model estimates, using real data, are consistent with published theoretical predictions of the effects of V, Q and D inequalities. These results during exercise come close to morphometric predictions of maximal oxygen diffusing capacity in man.
A beautiful day in the neighborhood: what factors determine the generation effect for simple multiplication problems?

In four experiments, we examined the generation effect for the free recall of simple multiplication answers. Large-product-size problems showed a consistent generation-effect advantage over smallproduct-size problems, except when each answer was generated twice, via two different sets of operands (Experiment 2). Also, measures of problem-solution time and strategy use accounted for the largeproduct-size advantage. Across experiments, however, small-product-size problems (but not largeproduct-size problems) showed considerable variation in the size of their generation effect. We discovered that solving small-product-size problems via direct memory retrieval increased the episodic recall probability of other problems that were near neighbors to the generated answer, and we attribute this result to a spreading activation mechanism in semantic memory. A measure of neighbor activations, combined with RT to solve each problem, accounted for 51% of the observed generation-effect variance.
Design, fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized series-connected potentiometric oxygen sensor

Abstract Miniaturization of potentiometric sensors facilitates connecting many sensors in series to amplify the output. Miniaturized series-connected potentiometric sensors were developed on a silicon (Si) wafer by microfabrication techniques. The sensors consist of a thin film yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte and platinum (Pt) electrodes. The reference oxygen partial pressure is determined by a nickel–nickel oxide (Ni–NiO) mixture. The open circuit voltage (OCV) was tested in air at 300 °C and was found to be lower than expected. The output of the net sensor increased almost linearly by connecting 10 sensors in series. Impedance spectroscopy was used to investigate the electrolyte and electrolyte–electrode interfaces using a two electrode configuration.
Remote sensing of soybean canopy as a tool to map high pH, calcareous soils at field scale

Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) is extensively grown in areas of the US Corn Belt where soils often range from relatively acid (pH < 6) to alkaline, calcareous. Iron availability decreases with increase in pH, consequently, soybean can suffer from iron deficiency chlorosis on high pH, calcareous areas of the field. The extent of those areas sometimes can be significant, but they often occur in complex and discontinuous patterns. The objective of the research was to explore how remote sensing of soybean canopies and GIS technologies could be used to map and quantitatively describe the extent of high pH, calcareous soils at field scale. Aerial images that consisted of visible red, green, blue, and near infrared bands were used to calculate green normalized difference vegetative index (GNDVI) and to guide plant and soil sampling at 10 fields during 2003 and 2004 growing seasons. Ten to 18 sampling areas were selected on each field to include a wide range in GNDVI values. Soil samples were analyzed for pH and calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE). Plant samples were used to estimate grain yields. Soil pH and CCE were significantly correlated with GNDVI values in eight and seven sites, respectively. A previously developed alkalinity stress index (ASI), which combines pH and CCE in one value, was significantly related to GNDVI at all 10 sites. Remote sensing of soybean canopy was shown to be a promising tool that can be used to quantitatively describe distribution of alkaline soils at field scale.
Unpleasant Situations Elicit Different Emotional Responses in Younger and Older Adults

Older adults report less distress in response to interpersonal conflicts than do younger adults, yet few researchers have examined factors that may contribute to these age differences. Emotion regulation is partially determined by the initial cognitive and emotional reactions that events elicit. The authors examined reported thoughts and emotions of younger and older adults (N = 195) while they listened to 3 different audiotaped conversations in which people were ostensibly making disparaging remarks about them. At 4 points during each scenario, the tape paused and participants engaged in a talk-aloud procedure and rated their level of anger and sadness. Findings reveal that older adults reported less anger but equal levels of sadness compared to younger adults, and their comments were judged by coders as less negative. Older adults made fewer appraisals about the people speaking on the tape and expressed less interest in learning more about their motives. Together, findings are consistent with age-related increases in processes that promote disengagement from offending situations.
FAMILY HISTORY OF ILLNESS IN THE SERIOUSLY SUICIDAL ADOLESCENT: A Life‐Cycle Approach

Highly suicidal, depressed adolescents were compared to nonsuicidal depressed adolescents with regard to family history of illness. Chronic psychiatric illness of a parent, particularly depression occurring during the childhood of patients, was found to be more frequent among families of highly suicidal adolescents. Implications of this finding are considered.
Strategy use in question-answering: memory strength and task constraints on fan effects.

The time taken to recognize a studied fact increases as a function of the number of other previously studied facts sharing concepts with the test fact. The phenomenon, known as the “fan effect,” has been shown to disappear and sometimes even reverse itself when the set of facts are thematically related. The shift from interference toward facilitation occurs only when subjects can use a plausibility-like strategy. In this experiment, subjects learned variously sized sets of rehted facts about fictitious people. Subjects were asked to make either recognition judgments (“Did you study this fact?”) or consistency judgments (“Is this fact consistent with what you studied7”). Subjects made these judgments both the day the material was acquired and 2 days later. The research reported here supports the hypothesis that, with delay, there is a shift in tendency toward more use of the plausibility strategy, away from the careful strategy of searching for an exact match that produces the fan effect. The plausibility strategy produced either a speedup with greater fan or an increase in error rates when the strategy was inappropriate. Plausibility effects were larger at a delay, in both reaction time and error patterns, regardless of whether subjects were asked to make consistency judgments or recognition judgments. Also as predicted, response times became faster as the tendency to adopt the plausibility strategy without first trying direct retrieval increased.
Pronatalism and fertility: the case of the military.

Abstract While there have been several conceptual analyses of pronatalist influences on fertility, a comparatively small amount of empirical work relates these forces to actual differentials in reproductive behavior. The impact of pronatalist incentives on the fertility of military couples in the United States is examined with data from the 1970 Public Use Samples. The findings failed to support the idea that such incentives lead to higher fertility. Implications of the findings for policies designed to lower fertility are discussed.
Congenital Herniation of the Large Bowel Into the Pericardial Cavity : Survival into Adulthood Despite a Generalized Connective Tissue Disorder

An adult with an unusual combination of mesodermal defects is presented. A striking finding was the herniation of a major portion of the large bowel into the pericardial cavity through a foramen of Morgagni defect. In addition, the patient exhibited a variety of muscular skeletal anomalies, Monckeberg sclerosis of the muscular arteries, and complete heart block. Urinary mucopolysaccharide excretion and a chromosome count were normal. The most likely explanation of the observed findings is a biochemical defect in connective tissue.
Old English case and grammatical theory

This paper examines a number of recent attempts to explain tha data of Old English case. We show that neither government nor grammatical functions, nor a combination of the two, can account for the data. We examine the use of government and functions by traditional grammar, and find a great distinction between the theory of traditional grammar and the practice of traditional grammarians. The latter, itself inadequate, points to the inadequacy of the theory. Chomsky's and Lyon's attempts to appropriate the traditional functions are rejected. Finally we show that Fillmore's ‘case grammar’ cannot handle the Old English data, and suggest that the theory has fundamental weaknesses.
Pulmonary infection by Yersinia pestis rapidly establishes a permissive environment for microbial proliferation

Disease progression of primary pneumonic plague is biphasic, consisting of a preinflammatory and a proinflammatory phase. During the long preinflammatory phase, bacteria replicate to high levels, seemingly uninhibited by normal pulmonary defenses. In a coinfection model of pneumonic plague, it appears that Yersinia pestis quickly creates a localized, dominant anti-inflammatory state that allows for the survival and rapid growth of both itself and normally avirulent organisms. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the relatively recent progenitor of Y. pestis, shows no similar trans-complementation effect, which is unprecedented among other respiratory pathogens. We demonstrate that the effectors secreted by the Ysc type III secretion system are necessary but not sufficient to mediate this apparent immunosuppression. Even an unbiased negative selection screen using a vast pool of Y. pestis mutants revealed no selection against any known virulence genes, demonstrating the transformation of the lung from a highly restrictive to a generally permissive environment during the preinflammatory phase of pneumonic plague.
A Fast Cloud-Based Network Selection Scheme Using Coalition Formation Games in Vehicular Networks

Leveraging multiple wireless technologies and radio access networks (RANs), vehicles on the move have the potential to get robust connectivity and continuous service. To support the demands of as many vehicles as possible, an efficient and fast network selection scheme is critically important to achieve high performance and efficiency. So far, prior works have primarily focused on design of optimization algorithms and utility functions for either user or network performance. Most such studies do not address the complexities involved in the acquisition of needed information and the execution of algorithms, making them unsuitable for practical implementations in vehicles. This paper proposes a fast cloud-based network selection scheme for vehicular networks. By leveraging a compute cloud's abundant computing and data storage resources, vehicles can leverage wider scope network information for decision-making. Vehicles select best access networks through a coalition formation game approach. A one-iteration fast convergence algorithm is proposed to achieve the final state of coalition structure in the game. Through extensive simulation, the proposed network selection scheme was shown to balance system throughput and fairness with a built-in utility division rule of the framework. The algorithm efficiency showed eightfold enhancement over a conventional coalition formation algorithm. Such features validate the potential of implementation in practice.
Anomalous specific heat in La:Ce alloys

Abstract The magnetic contribution to the specific heat in La : Ce alloys shows a broad anomaly at ≈ 1.2°K which is weakly dependent on the concentration. This anomaly, which accounts for a substantial portion of the entropy of a doublet, cannot be attributed to either usual magnetic ordering or to a dilute alloy Kondo effect, but may represent the behavior of a concentrated Kondo system.
From responsible users to recalcitrant dope fiends: Mapping modes of engagement with harm reduction

AbstractThis article considers individuals' diverse modes of engagement with an increasingly medicalised strain of harm reduction that emphasises individual accountability for personal health and welfare. Drawing upon 1 year of ethnographic research at a New York City-based syringe exchange (“NYC Harm Reduction”, a pseudonym), I describe how drug users themselves made sense of harm reduction, negotiated its discourses of risk and responsibility, and incorporated its behavioural directives into their own body projects – or did not. While suggesting some participants' apparent absorption of risk reduction into a dominant, and enabling identity, I focus mainly upon individuals' “on-stage” performances and apparent depth of service use and acceptance while at NYC Harm Reduction. Building upon recent critiques of contemporary harm reduction's de-contextualised neoliberal subject, I discuss the crucial roles of public housing assistance and peer worker employment in incentivising participants' uptake of pro-ris...
Topical locality in the Web

Most web pages are linked to others with related content. This idea, combined with another that says that text in, and possibly around, HTML anchors describe the pages to which they point, is the foundation for a usable World-Wide Web. In this paper, we examine to what extent these ideas hold by empirically testing whether topical locality mirrors spatial locality of pages on the Web. In particular, we find that the likelihood of linked pages having similar textual content to be high; the similarity of sibling pages increases when the links from the parent are close together; titles, descriptions, and anchor text represent at least part of the target page; and that anchor text may be a useful discriminator among unseen child pages. These results show the foundations necessary for the success of many web systems, including search engines, focused crawlers, linkage analyzers, and intelligent web agents.
Predicting heats of formation of energetic materials using quantum mechanical calculations

Quantum mechanical calculations are used to predict gas, liquid, and solid heats of formation of energetic molecules. A simple atom-equivalent method converts quantum mechanical energies of molecules and their atomic constituents to gas-phase heats of formation of energetic materials. Functional relationships between heats of vaporization and sublimation and properties associated with quantum mechanically determined electrostatic potentials of isolated molecules are established. These are used with the gas-phase heats of formation to predict condensed-phase heats of formation. The calculated gas-phase heats of formation have a root mean square (rms) deviation of 3.1 kcal/mol and a maximum deviation of 7.3 kcal/mol from 35 experimental values. The rms and maximum deviations of predicted heats of vaporization from 27 experimental values are 1.7 and 6.1 kcal/mol, respectively. The rms and maximum deviations of predicted heats of sublimation from 36 experimental values are 3.6 and 12.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The rms and maximum deviations of predictions of liquid heats of formation from 41 measured values (corresponding to 24 molecules) are 3.3 and 9.3 kcal/mol, respectively. Similarly, the rms and maximum deviations of predictions of solid heats of formation from 75 measured values (corresponding to 44 molecules) are 9.0 and 35.4 kcal/mol, respectively.
Koninginin C: A Biologically Active Natural Product from Trichoderma koningii

Koninginin C, a congener of koninginins A and B, was isolated from Trichoderma koningii fermented on a shredded wheat medium. The compound inhibited the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles by 100% at 10(-3) M. It was a fine, white crystalline substance with a molecular formula of C16H28O4 and a melting point of 70-72 degrees C.
A Self-Organized Plasma with Induction, Reconnection, and Injection Techniques: the SPIRIT Concept for Field Reversed Configuration Research

A comprehensive research concept, known as SPIRIT, is described for the investigation of the formation, stability, and sustainment of oblate field reversed configurations (FRCs). This concept, whose name stands for Self-organized Plasma with Induction, Reconnection, and Injection Techniques (SPIRIT), allows for the study of FRC stability properties on time scales much longer than the energy confinement time. Counter-helicity merging of inductively formed spheromaks is utilized to form large-flux FRCs. These FRCs are sustained by neutral beam injection with the initial aid of compact ohmic solenoids. Stability to n = 1 tilt/shift modes is provided by plasma shaping and conducting shells. Stability to n ≥ 2 co-interchange modes is achieved by a distribution of highenergy non-thermal ions provided by the neutral beam. The combination of plasma shaping, conducting shells, current sustainment, and the non-thermal beam component are expected to lead to a configuration with stability to all global MHD modes, a regime recently discovered through hybrid-MHD simulation using the HYM code. An experimental test of the concept, utilizing the existing Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) facility, is described. Initial experiments in MRX have confirmed the viability of the SPIRIT concept, and calculations indicate that the confinement of high-energy ions in MRX should be sufficient to test the SPIRIT concept. c
cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) modified chromatin and nucleosomal core particle probed with DNase I.

Abstract Chromatin and nucleosomal core particles were modified with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and the nucleoprotein complexes then digested with DNase I. Limited digestion of the modified chromatin containing cis-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 mediated cross-links involving the non-histone chromosomal proteins (Scovell et al. (1987) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 142, 826–835) does not release the low mobility proteins and excises only about 20% of the high mobility proteins 1, 2, and E. This supports previous findings that the low mobility proteins are involved primarily in protein-protein cross-links. In addition, the covalent cross-links between DNA and the high mobility proteins 1, 2, and E are relatively inaccessible to DNase I, in marked contrast to their accessibility to micrococcal nuclease. Furthermore, gels of the denatured DNA fragments obtained from digestion of both modified chromatin and nucleosomal core particle reveal virtually no difference in the 10n base repeat pattern, indicating no detectable change in the DNA-protein interactions upon DNA modification. This suggests that the predominant modification produced on core particle DNA, whether contained within higher order chromatin structure or in the core particle itself, is one which does not significantly alter the helical twist of the DNA within these nucleoprotein assemblies.