cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A MAXIMUM ENTROPY BASED DATA-DRIVEN 3D SCENE GENERATION

Due to overwhelming use of 3D models in video games and virtual environments, there is a growing interest in 3D scene generation, scene understanding and 3D model retrieval. In this paper, we introduce a data-driven 3D scene generation approach from a Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model selection perspective. Using this model selection criterion, new scenes can be sampled by matching a set of contextual constraints that are extracted from training and synthesized scenes. Starting from a set of randomly synthesized configurations of objects in 3D, the MaxEnt distribution is iteratively sampled and updated until the constraints between training and synthesized scenes match, indicating the generation of plausible synthesized 3D scenes. To illustrate the proposed methodology, we use 3D training desk scenes that are composed of seven predefined objects with different position, scale and orientation arrangements. After applying the MaxEnt framework, the synthesized scenes show that the proposed strategy can generate reasonably similar scenes to the training examples without any human supervision during sampling.
Outcomes of paired-exchange live-donor kidney transplantation: a single-center experience.

Abstract Introduction Paired-exchange kidney transplantation (PEKT) enables recipients with willing but incompatible donors to find potential matches from a larger pool of donors. It involves transportation of donor kidneys to the intended recipient with a consequent increase in the cold ischemia time (CIT). Patients and Methods Our single-center study compared the outcomes of PEKT versus traditional in-center live-donor kidney transplants (ICKT). Retrospective chart review of adult patients who underwent PEKT and ICKT from January 2009 to February 2012 at our institution was performed. Delayed graft function, acute rejection rates, incidence of proteinuria, trends in serum creatinine, and graft and patient survival rates were compared between groups. Results Baseline demographic data were similar between the PEKT group (n = 15) and the ICKT group (n = 30) except that CIT (13.1 vs 3.8 hours; P Conclusions Our study found similar outcomes between the PEKT and ICKT groups despite longer CIT and higher panel reactive antibody titers in the PEKT group. These findings support the current practice of PEKT with transporting of donor kidneys, with the resultant increase in the chances of living-donor kidney transplantation.
Preventive resources and emotion regulation expectancies as mediators between attachment and college students' stress outcomes

In this study the authors examined both preventive psychological coping resources and negative mood regulation expectancies as potential mediators between parental attachment and two types of stress outcomes: stress symptoms and stress-produced emotions. Data were collected from 390 college students and separate structural equation models were tested for the outcomes of stress symptoms and emotions. Results suggested that for both models, as hypothesized, preventive resources and negative mood regulation expectancies functioned as mediators. Further, there was evidence that these results were similar for the model in which stress symptoms were used as an outcome, as well as the model in which stress-produced emotions were used as the outcome. Implications for a more complete understanding of psychological resources promoted by secure attachment are discussed. Copyright 2006 by the American Psychological Association.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of ischemic and nonischemic cardiomyopathies.

Cardiomyopathies are defined as diseases of the myocardium associated with cardiac dysfunction. Patients who have cardiomyopathy are classified into ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) or nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) categories based on the presence or absence, respectively, of coronary artery disease (CAD). The World Health Organization/ International Society and Federation of Cardiology (WHO/ISFC) task force classifies NICM as dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) (obstructive and nonobstructive), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) [1]. The ‘‘unclassified’’ cardiomyopathies do not readily fit into any single group, and ‘‘specific’’ cardiomyopathies are associated with specific cardiac or systemic disorders. (eg, hypertensive cardiomyopathy) (Table 1). Patients who have cardiomyopathy and associated heart failure symptoms represent an important epidemiologic problem. Approximately 5 million patients in the United States have heart failure, and over 550,000 patients are diagnosed with heart failure for the first time each year [2]. From 1990 to 1999, the annual number of hospitalizations increased from 810,000 to over 1 million for heart failure as the primary diagnosis and from 2.4 to 3.6 million
New Mexico structural zone—an analogue of the Colorado mineral belt

Abstract Updated aeromagnetic maps of New Mexico together with current knowledge of the basement geology in the northern part of the state (Sangre de Cristo and Sandia–Manzano Mountains)—where basement rocks were exposed in Precambrian-cored uplifts—indicate that the northeast-trending Proterozoic shear zones that controlled localization of ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt extend laterally into New Mexico. The shear zones in New Mexico coincide spatially with known epigenetic precious- and base-metal ore deposits; thus, the mineralized belts in the two states share a common inherited basement tectonic setting. Reactivation of the basement structures in Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary times provided zones of weakness for emplacement of magmas and conduits for ore-forming solutions. Ore deposits in the Colorado mineral belt are of both Late Cretaceous–Eocene and Mid-Tertiary age; those in New Mexico are predominantly Mid-Tertiary in age, but include Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in southwestern New Mexico. The mineralized belt in New Mexico, named the New Mexico structural zone, is 250-km wide. The northwest boundary is the Jemez subzone (or the approximately equivalent Globe belt), and the southeastern boundary was approximately marked by the Santa Rita belt. Three groups (subzones) of mineral deposits characterize the structural zone: (1) Mid-Tertiary porphyry molybdenite and alkaline-precious-metal deposits, in the northeast segment of the Jemez zone; (2) Mid-Tertiary epithermal precious-metal deposits in the Tijeras (intermediate) zone; and (3) Late Cretaceous porphyry-copper deposits in the Santa Rita zone. The structural zone was inferred to extend from New Mexico into adjacent Arizona. The structural zone provides favorable sites for exploration, particularly those parts of the Jemez subzone covered by Neogene volcanic and sedimentary rocks.
The effect of video interventions on improving knowledge and treatment compliance in the sexually transmitted disease clinic setting. Lesson for HIV health education.

8 intervention studies investigating patient education and treatment adherence in the sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic setting are reviewed. Across the 8 studies selected for analysis meta-analytic procedures were applied to compare the impact of educational and prevention approaches. The effect of video was compared with that of other modes of health education on: 1) knowledge and attitudes about STDs and condoms and 2) treatment compliance as measured by return for test of cure drug compliance premature resumption of sexual activity and condom coupon redemption rates. The largest effects were those for video on knowledge and attitudes about STDs and condoms followed by the effects of other non-video interventions on STD knowledge. Lower effects were found among video and non-video interventions targeting treatment compliance outcomes. These results are consistent with prior prevention studies that have demonstrated difficulty in achieving behavior change. (authors)
Evidence That [sigma] Factors Are Components of Chloroplast RNA Polymerase

Plastid genes are transcribed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase(s), which have been incompletely characterized and have been examined in a limited number of species. Plastid genomes contain rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, and rpoC2 coding for [alpha], [beta], [beta]9, and [beta]” RNA polymerase subunits that are homologous to the [alpha], [beta], and [beta]9subunits that constitute the core moiety of RNA polymerase in bacteria. However, genes with homology to [sigma] subunits in bacteria have not been found in plastid genomes. An antibody directed against the principal [sigma] subunit of RNA polymerase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 was used to probe western blots of purified chloroplast RNA polymerase from maize, rice, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and Cyanidium caldarium. Chloroplast RNA polymerase from maize and rice contained an immunoreactive 64-kD protein. Chloroplast RNA polymerase from C. reinhardtii contained immunoreactive 100- and 82-kD proteins, and chloroplast RNA polymerase from C. caldarium contained an immunoreactive 32-kD protein. The elution profile of enzyme activity of both algal chloroplast RNA polymerases coeluted from DEAE with the respective immunoreactive proteins, indicating that they are components of the enzyme. These results provide immunological evidence for [sigma]-like factors in chloroplast RNA polymerase in higher plants and algae.
Weaving the digital library web

Purpose – This column seeks to recommend five basic principles that should be used when a library web site is designed or refactored.Design/methodology/approach – Explores the options available when creating or redesigning a library web siteFindings – This column is simply exploratory, and examines issues surrounding the initial design or re‐design of a library web site.Practical implications – The design of a library web site should take into account these five principles as they are outlined in this column, and those principles include: simplicity, user centered design, findability, web standards and accessibility.Originality/value – This column suggests five principles that will assist librarians and library technology workers in designing better web sites which follow usability principles, web standards and accessibility guidelines. This will hopefully improve the quality of library web based resources and services.
Dust emission from protostars: The disk and envelope of hh 24 mms

High-resolution imaging of the protostar HH 24 MMS at wavelengths of 7 mm and 3.4 mm shows the dust emission to originate from two components: an unresolved disk and an extended envelope. The envelope is an order of magnitude more massive than the disk, suggesting that HH 24 MMS is very young, since the fraction of circumstellar material in an extended component probably decreases with the age of the forming star. For the disk, the frequency dependence of the dust mass opacity coefficient, β, is 0.68 ± 0.12, significantly lower than the interstellar medium value of 2. In the envelope β is less well constrained but must lie in the range 0 to 1.9. Emission from the disk dominates at wavelengths longer than 3 mm, but the far-infrared emission is relatively weak. This suggests that the envelope is optically thick at wavelengths as short as 60 μm and obscures the disk.
Human Progenitor Cells Rapidly Mobilized by AMD3100 Repopulate NOD/SCID Mice with Increased Frequency in Comparison to Cells from the Same Donor Mobilized by Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor

Abstract AMD3100 inhibits the interaction between SDF-1 and CXCR4, and rapidly mobilizes hematopoietic progenitors for clinical transplantation. However, the repopulating function of human cells mobilized with AMD3100 has not been characterized in comparison to cells mobilized with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the same donor. Therefore, healthy donors were leukapheresed 4 hours after injection with AMD3100; after 10 days of drug clearance the same donor was mobilized with G-CSF, allowing a paired comparison of repopulation by mobilized cells. Transplantation of mononuclear cells (MNC) or purified CD34 + cells was compared at limiting dilution into NOD/SCID mice. Human AMD3100-mobilized MNC possessed enhanced repopulating frequency in comparison to G-CSF-mobilized MNC from paired donors, and purified CD34 + progenitors were at least as efficient as the G-CSF mobilized cells. The frequencies of NOD/SCID repopulating cells (SRC) were 1 SRC in 8.7 × 10 6 AMD3100-mobilized MNC compared to 1 SRC in 29.0 × 10 6 G-CSF-mobilized MNC, and 1 SRC in 1.2 × 10 5 AMD3100-mobilized CD34 + cells compared to 1 SRC in 1.8 × 10 5 G-CSF-mobilized CD34 + cells. Hematopoietic differentiation of transplanted progenitors was similar after AMD3100 or G-CSF-mobilization. Thus, AMD3100 mobilized peripheral blood represents a rapidly obtained, highly repopulating source of hematopoietic progenitors for clinical transplantation.
Particle behavior in two-phased lubrication

Abstract Emulsions and slurries are commonly encountered in tribology problems. The dispersed phase in the mixture plays an important role in lubrication or wear, but the mechanisms of particle capture by two surfaces have never been well understood. While no similar models have been proposed for slurries, emulsions researchers have attributed lubrication mechanisms to a `plate out' theory through which oil separates from the emulsion and coats the exposed metal surfaces. Observations of particle behavior by Nakahara et al. ( ASME J. Tribol., 110 (1988) 344–353) cast doubt on this theory; particles very close to the tooling were rejected and played no part in the lubrication process. Further, the behavior of a particle depended greatly on its size. This paper offers a potential explanation for this behavior through a computational fluid dynamics model of a rigid particle in an inlet zone. A particle in such a flow field is found to cross streamlines to an equilibrium position a certain distance from the tooling or workpiece. This segregation location is related to the particle size with the same trends of particle penetration as observed by Nakahara et al. The theory applies to emulsion lubrication, slurry lubrication and wear involving solid particles suspended in a liquid.
Engaging with Armed Groups: A Human Rights Field Perspective from Nepal

Theoretical uncertainty surrounding whether and to what extent non-state actors are obligated to abide by international human rights and humanitarian norms has impacted the policies and practices of human rights field presences, including those of the United Nations. The paper presents the case of Nepal, where international organizations have been forced by circumstance to engage with a range of non-state armed groups, to illustrate how current limitations of human rights law regarding non-state actors impact the work of human rights field monitors. Drawing upon the global administrative law paradigm, it argues for the development of a 'soft law' framework governing human rights aspects of international organizations' engagement with armed groups.
FLAMELET AND DISTRIBUTED COMBUSTION IN PREMIXED TURBULENT FLAMES

Calculations are reported that compare the properties of idealized premixed flames in which either flamelet or distributed combustion occurs. The calculations are based on the Monte Carlo solution of a modelled transport equation for the joint probability density function (pdf) of the velocities and the reaction progress variable. In the joint pdf equation, it is the molecular diffusion term that is fundamentally different for the two types of combustion, and consequently different models for the term are employed. For flamelet combustion, at moderate at high Damkohler numbers, the progress variable pdf is a double-delta-function distribution, and the turbulent flame speed is more than twice the turbulence intensity (independent of the Damkohler number). For distributed combustion, on the other hand, even at high Damkohler number, the progress variable pdf shows significant probability of partially reacted fluid. The flame speed is less than in flamelet combustion and incraases with Damkohler number.
Apparatus for eyeblink conditioning in infants

Abstract Apparatus for use in infant eyeblink conditioning is described. It basically consists of a small magnet attached to the eyelid, and a Hall effect semiconductor supported in front of the eye. It is simple and inexpensive, and avoids some of the difficulties that arise in using better known apparatus with infants.
Stabilization and particle morphology of prune dwarf virus.

Abstract Below ionic concentrations of about 0.02 M the virions of prune dwarf virus (PDV) lost infectivity rapidly and sedimented heterogenously in sucrose density gradients. The virus was stable in EDTA or salt solution of 0.03 to 0.3 M . Infectivity was lost quickly in solutions of divalent cations. When stabilized, PDV sedimented in sucrose density gradients as five closely spaced zones of about 75, 81, 85, 98 and 113 S. Infectivity was associated with the 98 and 113 S zones. Formaldehyde-fixed virus equilibrated as a single zone at a density of 1.330 in CsCl gradients. Only one zone appeared upon free boundary electrophoresis, but 5 or 6 zone appeared after electrophoresis in 2.8% polyacrylamide gels. The virus contained 14% RNA. Stabilized virus from the upper zone of sucrose density gradient tubes was essentially isometric, with a diameter of 19–20 nm. An increasing proportion of particles from more rapidly sedimenting zones were oval to bacilliform with widths of 17–19 nm and lengths up to 73 nm.
The Relationship between Traditional Mass Media and “Social Media”: Reality Television as a Model for Social Network Site Behavior

Social cognitive theory suggests a likely relationship between behavior modeled on increasingly popular reality television (RTV) and user behavior modeled on social networking sites (SNSs). This study surveyed young adults (N = 456) to determine the extent to which RTV consumption explained a range of user behavior in the context of social network sites. Results show a consistent relationship between RTV consumption and the length of time spent on these sites, the size of users' networks, the proportion of friends not actually met face to face, and photo sharing frequency while controlling for age and gender.
Policies and practices for aquaculture food safety in China

Abstract There are growing concerns over the safety of aquaculture food products from China, which supplies 70% of the world’s farmed fish food. We present a comprehensive literature review, supplemented with qualitative data obtained from interviews with experts in the field, to examine the policies and practices designed to ensure the safety of food produced by the Chinese aquaculture industry. The food safety system has many parts that are administered by different governmental organizations with poor coordination among them. The system apparently operates as two entities: one for products destined for the export market and based largely on the requirements of importing countries, and the other with lower standards and levels of enforcement for domestic market products. The top-down approach focuses more on the end product rather than the production practices. There are several indications that regulations pertaining to antibiotic use are not being followed. Recent events have brought the issue of overall food safety to the attention of the Chinese public and the Government is acting positively towards addressing deficiencies of the system. Chief among these is the Food Safety Law which comes into effect in June, 2009. But the central government must work in concert with provincial and local authorities to improve the infrastructure for inspecting and tracking food from farms to the end consumers to ensure a greater degree of safety of aquatic food for the Chinese population.
Luminescence from glacimarine sediment-trap samples at the Antarctic Peninsula

Abstract Radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating yields variable and high reservoir and core-top ages for glacimarine sediments around Antarctica. To test the suitability of luminescence as an alternate dating method we investigated the effectiveness of clock zeroing (by daylight) within fine-silt-size siliciclastic sediments from year-long vertical-array sediment traps in Andvord Bay and Brialmont Cove at the Antarctic Peninsula. Both long-bleach and short-bleach multi-aliquot IR-PSL (infrared photon stimulated luminescence) and single-aliquot, post-IR blue-PSL dating tests were conducted. As well, dual-bandwidth-bleaching thermoluminescence (TL) tests were performed on samples from Brialmont Cove. These TL bleaching tests indicate that silt from the middle and bottom traps at this site has had little or no exposure to daylight, but that silt from the top trap has had some exposure. All 24 samples (representing different seasons and different trap depths) exhibit anomalously old apparent ages (12 ka–60 ka) across annual seasons and depths of deposition when either long-bleach multi-aliquot or late-background-subtraction single-aliquot PSL procedures were employed. Thus regional bottom silts would be unsuited for dating by these two luminescence dating approaches. However, a short-bleach multi-aliquot IR-PSL procedure yields the expected zero ages for several samples, a promising result that requires further exploration.
Transverse shear flexibility in laminated plates undergoing large deflections

Abstract A geometrically nonlinear laminated flat plate approach including transverse shear flexibility is presented. The plate response to normal pressure is compared to results obtained from approaches without shear flexibility and membrane stiffening that results from the von Karman strain displacement relations. Finite element results from several material property sets and laminate stacking arrangements are shown. The comparisons show that transverse shear deformation is less in the nonlinear solution than in the linear solution, as the membrane stiffening is a competing influence. Thicker plates are dominated by transverse shear deformation; thinner plates by membrane stiffening.
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG): past, present and beyond.

The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendroglial membranes of myelin sheaths where it functions in glia–axon interactions. It contains five immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains and is in the sialic acid-binding subgroup of the Ig superfamily. It appears to function both as a ligand for an axonal receptor that is needed for the maintenance of myelinated axons and as a receptor for an axonal signal that promotes the differentiation, maintenance and survival of oligodendrocytes. Its function in the maintenance of myelinated axons may be related to its role as one of the white matter inhibitors of neurite outgrowth acting through a receptor complex involving the Nogo receptor and/or gangliosides containing 2,3-linked sialic acid. MAG is expressed as two developmentally regulated isoforms with different cytoplasmic domains that may activate different signal transduction pathways in myelin-forming cells. MAG contains a carbohydrate epitope shared with other glycoconjugates that is a target antigen in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy associated with IgM gammopathy and has been implicated in a dying back oligodendrogliopathy in multiple sclerosis.
The design and redesign of gaming simulations on health care issues

The problems of designing gaming simulations are discussed. Concrete examples illustrate the specific problems. The problems include the following: changes in the modeled system (both medical and social aspects) that render the game of historical interest only, adapting a basic design for use in different countries and cultures, and reproduction and dissemination of game materials.
Laser skin welding using water absorption and heat management

Laser skin welding (LSW) is being pursued for scarless wound healing. We present a new LSW approach using a contact glass slide over the sample and rapid scanning of the laser beam around the area to be welded. This led to dramatic improvement in welding efficacy. A 400 mW beam at 1455 nm with a focused spot diameter of 80 μm in air was scanned at a rate of 5mm/second over a 5mm line of incision in 5 mm x 20 mm human skin samples. Histological analysis of the welded samples using hematoxyline and eosin under unpolarized light showed full-thickness full-length weld, and that with picrosirius red F3BA stain under polarized light revealed that there was no appreciable damage. Measured tensile strength of 2.1 kg/cm 2 is markedly greater than our previous LSW results of 1.05 ± 0.19 kg/cm 2 , which is greater than the typical values of 0.4 kg/cm 2 obtained using sutures.
Sex change in cytochrome P-450 phenotype by growth hormone treatment of adult rat hepatocytes maintained in a culture system on matrigel

Abstract Results of studies of hypophysectomized rats suggest that growth hormone serves as a final common mediator through which gonadal steroids and other modifiers of pituitary function alter the expression of gender-specific liver genes such as the sexually dimorphic pair of cytochrome P-450 isozymes, male-specific P-450h and female-specific P-450i. We tested the effects of growth hormone in a system for primary monolayer culture of adult rat hepatocytes on a laminin-rich extracellular matrix (matrigel), which permits sustained expression of both constitutive and inducible liver genes in a chemically defined medium. Cultures of freshly isolated hepatocytes prepared from untreated male rats and samples of the intact donor liver contained readily detectable quantities of immunoreactive P-450h protein (measured on immunoblots of cell microsomes) and P-450h mRNA (measured on Northern blots of cellular RNA). Neither P-450i immunoreactive protein nor P-450i mRNA were present. Addition of physiologic concentrations of human or bovine growth hormone, but not of prolactin, to culture medium lacking insulin or other hormones resulted in prompt induction of P-450i immunoreactive protein and P-450i mRNA. Induction of P-450i mRNA in male hepatocyte cultures was dependent on the concentration of growth hormone, required as little as 24 hr of exposure, and was markedly attenuated in cultures maintained on type I collagen rather than on matrigel. Growth hormone treatment also induced the level of mRNA for insulin-like growth factor I, whereas the amount of mRNA for the male-specific urinary protein alpha 2 mu-globulin was unaffected. Cultures of hepatocytes derived from untreated adult female rats retained high levels of P-450i mRNA but only if the culture medium contained growth hormone. None of the tested treatments with estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, or growth hormone induced P-450h mRNA or P-450h immunoreactive protein in cultures of female hepatocytes. We conclude that the somatogenic effects of growth hormone acting alone and directly on the hepatocyte in culture are sufficient to "feminize" the cytochrome P-450 phenotype. The present culture system offers a way to explore the molecular basis for hormonal control of liver gene expression.
Recurrent Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: Treatment with a Progestin and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Agonist

Endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) formerly classified as low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma is a rare uterine malignancy with a good prognosis despite a tendency to recur. Primary surgical management for ESS includes total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Patients with ESS have long disease-free survival rates when treated with primary surgical therapy, but nearly fifty percent of these patients will recur. We present the case of a patient with recurrent ESS who had an excellent response to combined therapy with megestrol and leuprolide.
Presidential Power and the United States Supreme Court

In this study, we build upon the work of Ducat and Dudley's 1989 examination of presidential power and the federal judiciary. Whereas they focused upon presidential fortunes before the federal district courts in cases involving the formal constitutional and statutory powers of the president, we apply a similar model to the voting records of United States Supreme Court Justices in such presidential power cases. Additionally, we offer an extended model of justice voting on presidential power cases that we believe affords a better explanation of the decision-making process. We find that justices' decisions to support the president are conditioned upon presidents' public approval ratings and the justices' ideological inclinations. We also find that presidents receive more voting support in cases involving foreign policy and military affairs than in domestic/nonmilitary cases, thus, lending support to the two presidencies thesis.
Gastropleural fistula after bariatric surgery: a report of two cases

Introduction Gastropleural fistulas (GPF) were first described by Markowitz and Herter in 1960. These are uncommon entities and can occur as a consequence of pulmonary surgery, trauma, malignancy, hiatal hernia, infections, Nissen fundoplication and most recently, bariatric surgery. Many treatments have been used for GPF, such as conservative management with antibiotics, parenteral nutrition, percutaneous drainage of collections and endoscopic therapies, but these usually fail and may lead to complex surgical procedures.
Depressive Realism and Attributional Style: Implications for Individuals at Risk for Depression

Prior research has found that depressed individuals are more realistic in their interpretations of certain events than nondepressed individuals. However, the implications of this finding for the etiology of depressive disorders have never been clarified. The current investigation sought to remedy this situation by exploring realism in the context of a well-validated, cognitive diathesis-stress theory of the etiology of a subtype of depression: hopelessness theory (Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372). A sample of 239 college students, including groups of participants with depressogenic versus nondepressogenic attributional styles, recorded the causes they assigned to events; the extent to which their attributions were objectively realistic was evaluated. A comparison of the degree of objectivity was also made between dysphoric and nondysphoric individuals. Contrary to expectations derived from the depressive realism hypothesis, dysphoric individuals exhibited less realistic attributions as compared to nondysphoric individuals. Further, individuals at risk for depression evidenced a pessimistic bias, while individuals not at risk evidenced an optimistic bias.
The hybrid procedure for the borderline left ventricle.

UNLABELLED IntroductionIn patients with varying degrees of left heart hypoplasia, it is often difficult to determine whether the left heart structures are adequate in size to support biventricular circulation. Historically, the decision to pursue a single ventricle or biventricular repair needed to be made early and was often irreversible. The hybrid procedure may be a better initial approach for patients with borderline left ventricles. METHODS We describe a series of four patients with various congenital cardiac malformations, all of whom had borderline left ventricles. Based on pre-operative echocardiograms, several scoring systems and left ventricle volumes were used to predict the optimal type of repair. A left ventricular volume of 20 millilitres per square metre was used as the minimum cut-off value for adequacy of biventricular repair. RESULTS The left ventricular volumes for the patients were 17.1, 23.7, 25.4, and 25.8 millilitres per square metre. In none of the four patients were the calculations unanimous in the recommendation to pursue either type of repair. All patients underwent the hybrid procedure and then eventual single ventricle palliation (two patients) or biventricular repair (two patients). All survived with a mean follow-up of 18 plus or minus 3.9 months. CONCLUSIONS The hybrid procedure may be the best option in patients with a borderline left ventricle. It can serve as a bridge to a more definitive repair when patients are older, larger, and for whom the decision between single ventricle and biventricular repair can be more easily made.
Dominance orders in the ponerine ant Pachycondyla apicalis (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Intracolony aggression among workers of the neotropical ponerine ant species Pachycondyla apicalis leads to dominance orders. Antagonistic interactions can entail either overt physical attacks with the subordinate individual often exhibiting a submissive posture or the robbing and destruction of eggs laid by nestmates. The single queen, however, was never observed either attacking or being attacked by any colony member. The hierarchical structure among workers consists of one dominant individual and several subordinates; the relationships among subordinate workers are unclear, however. We report for the first time a natural (nonmanipulated) change in the social status of individuals within an ant dominance order. Dominant workers usually had better developed ovaries, laid more eggs and were more frequently observed attending the egg pile than subordinate individuals. This pattern became even more striking when the queen was excluded from the colony. These results indicate that workers of P. apicalis lay eggs even in the presence of the queen. It is possible that some of these haploid eggs may develop into males.
Audibility of American English vowels produced by English-, Chinese-, and Korean-native speakers in long-term speech-shaped noise.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there were significant differences in audibility of American English vowels in noise produced by non-native and native speakers. Detection thresholds for 12 English vowels with equalized durations of 170 ms produced by 10 English-, Chinese- and Korean-native speakers were measured for young normal-hearing English-native listeners in the presence of speech-shaped noise presented at 70 dB SPL. Similar patterns of vowel detection thresholds as a function of the vowel category were found for native and non-native speakers, with the highest thresholds for /u/ and /ʊ/ and lowest thresholds for /i/ and /e/. In addition, vowel detection thresholds for non-native speakers were significantly lower and showed greater speaker variability than those for native speakers. Thresholds for vowel detection predicted from an excitation-pattern model corresponded well to behavioral thresholds, implying that vowel detection was primarily determined by the vowel spectrum regardless of speaker language background. Both behavioral and predicted thresholds showed that vowel audibility was similar or even better for non-native speakers than for native speakers, indicating that vowel audibility did not account for non-native speakers’ lower-than-native intelligibility in noise. Effects of non-native speakers’ English proficiency level on vowel audibility are discussed.
Deeply embedded XML communication: towards an interoperable and seamless world

Current consumer electronics devices do not interoperate and are hard to use. Devices use proprietary, device-specific and inflexible protocols. Resources across device classes, such as personal computers and home appliances cannot be taken advantage of. Even recent efforts to connect sensors into networks concentrate on new, ad-hoc protocols that segregate the low-cost devices into their own little world.If all classes of devices could speak the same language, they could talk directly to each other in ways natural to the application without artificial technical barriers. This would allow easily creating seamless applications that aggregate the capabilities of all the electronics. The interoperation adds value to all the devices.Extensible Markup Language (XML) Web Services were conceived to solve the e-business interoperation problem. After decades of failed attempts with EDI, SNA, DCOM, CORBA, and other similar technologies, XML and its communication specification SOAP has proven itself to be a viable technology. If XML is good for e-business, could it also be good for embedded systems communication?This paper argues that XML and SOAP indeed can be useful in small devices. Solutions to performance questions are available and techniques are outlined here. New unique challenges, such as heterogeneous configuration, privacy and security issues, and real-time requirements (e.g. for gaming) are identified and solutions outlined. A prototype implementation for low-cost microcontrollers is described with numbers included.
Principal component analysis of cyclic spectrum features in automatic modulation recognition

Automatic modulation recognition (AMR) of communication signals is a critical and challenging task in cognitive radio systems. In this work, classifications of four digital modulation types, including BPSK, QPSK, GMSK and 2FSK, are investigated. From the received radio signal, a set of cyclic spectrum features are first calculated, and a principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to extract the most discriminant feature vector for classification. A novel max-multiple layer perceptron (MaxMLP) neural network is introduced for classification of modulation feature vectors through supervised learning. In the experiments, real radio signals with different modulation types were generated from an Agilent vector signal generator, and sampled by an Agilent digital signal analyzer. The proposed AMR method is tested at various channel SNR levels. Experimental results indicate that the performance of this method is highly competitive, and the computational cost is relatively low.
Major Group-Specific Protein of Rat Type C Viruses

The major internal protein of a rat type C virus pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus, MSV(RaLV), was purified by isoelectric focusing (pI = 8.6) and used to prepare antibody in guinea pigs. The protein was identified by its reaction with antisera reactive with the mammalian type C virus group-specific (gs) antigenic determinant, gs-3. The guinea pig antisera mainly contained species-specific (gs-1) antibody for reactions in gel diffusion with other type C viruses were limited to those of rat origin, whereas in complement fixation tests heterologous reactions could be eliminated by use of appropriate antiserum concentrations without affecting homologous reactions. Guinea pig antisera against mouse, hamster, or cat gs-1 determinants did not react with MSV(RaLV) purified gs protein or with any of several other rat type C viruses.
Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of hydrophobic proteins: Gas vacuole protein

The hydrophobic protein comprising the gas vacuoles of a variety of procaryotic microorganisms is insoluble in detergents (e.g. sodium dodecyl sulfate) and cannot be electrophoresed in detergent-containing systems. The protein is solubilized by mixtures of phenol-acetic acid-urea (PAU) and the development of a slab gel system containing PAU which successfully separates the gas vacuole protein is described. In the system, phenol is polymerized directly into the gel, and the high background staining which results can be minimized by the proper choice of gel thickness, acrylamide/Bis ratio, and polymerization conditions. There is a direct relationship between the electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight of protein standards in the PAU system; however, several proteins including histones H2, H3, H4 and bovine serum albumin have a faster rate of gration than expected. It has been possible to separate and identify the gas vacuole protein from Halobacterium halobium, Halobacterium salinarium strain 5, and the two species of cyanobacteria, Anabaena flos-aquae and Microcystis aeruginosa. Mobility of the gas vacuole proteins in the four species are consistent with molecular weights of 16 800, 16 800, 14 700 and 15 700 respectively. Gels produced using the PAU system can be successfully fluorographed.
In vivo language intervention: unanticipated general effects.

Abstract After observing the lack of generalization of language trained in highly structured training sessions using established behavior modification techniques, "incidental teaching" procedures were developed to change the use of specified language behaviors in the natural environment. This paper reports an analysis of the general changes in the language, other than that specifically targeted by the incidental teaching procedures, used by disadvantaged preschool children. The daily language samples of disadvantaged children involved in a previously reported experiment to increase compound sentence usage were reexamined and compared to comparable records of other disadvantaged children and of middle-class children of college parents in order to assess possible general effects of the intervention program. Whereas the language that both groups of comparison children used changed little across the preschool year, the amount of talking by the children in the experimental program increased markedly. Their use of more elaborate vocabulary and more elaborate sentences also increased in direct proportion to the increases in overall language use, such that both language use and language elaboration in the experimental group of children changed from a pattern simlar to the comparison group of disadvantaged children to a pattern similar to the comparison group of middleclass children. It is argued that some general features of the incidental teaching procedure--differentially attending to child overtures and responding relative to the child's selected topic (reinforcer)--contributed to the increase in overall language use beyond the specific language behavior targeted, and that this increase in the probability of children's talking itself resulted in the substantial increases in elaboration seen in the children's spontaneous language. Because, at least in children with fairly well-developed language repertoires, language use is contextually controlled, talking more involves talking in more varied and complex contexts, which inevitably produces the use of more elaborate language.
Sustained-release devices in inner ear medical therapy

Inner ear medical therapy has been gaining increasing popularity during the last 2 decades. Despite the increased use of this therapy,basic questions regarding this type of treatment have not been answered. The authors have used a variety of sustained-release devices in the laboratory to begin to answer some of these basic questions. This article discusses the results of this work and the application and use of sustained-release devices in patients.
A Study of Grouping Effect On Mobile Actuator Sensor Networks for Distributed Feedback Control of Diffusion Process Using Central Voronoi Tessellations

When a team of networked mobile actuators (sprayers) are used to control the diffusion process in a region of interest with the help of the static mesh sensor networks, the question on how to group the mobile actuators into smaller subgroups is investigated in this paper to check the performance change under various grouping strategies. Our actuator path planning is based on the so-called Central Voronoi Tessellations (CVT) technique. Via extensive simulation studies, we found that, under the same total actuation resources, it is not definite to tell if the larger number of subgroups corresponds to a better performance.
A Principal Component Analysis of the "U.S. News & World Report" Tier Rankings of Colleges and Universities.

This paper utilizes principal component regression analysis to examine the relative contributions of 11 ranking criteria used to construct the U.S. News & World Report(USNWR) tier rankings of national universities. The main finding of this study is that the actual contributions of the 11 ranking criteria examined differ substantially from the explicit USNWR weighting scheme because of severe and pervasive multicollinearity among the ranking criteria. USNWR assigns the greatest weight to academic reputation. However, generated first principal component eigenvalues of tier rankings indicate that the most significant ranking criterion is the average SAT scores of enrolled students. This result is significant since admission requirements are policy variables that indirectly affect, for example, admission applications, yields, enrollment, retention, tuition-based revenues, and alumni contributions. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. JEL classification:A22; I29
A hybrid system approach to multivariate analysis of flow cytometry data

In dealing with massive flow cytometric data, an adaptive data analysis scheme has been developed. The problem solving structure is configured as a connectionist network. Information is encoded in the form of connection weights. The structure evolves as more data are seen by adjusting its weights, governed by a learning equation. The knowledge embedded in the network can be further decoded in symbolic form. The results are reported from the domain of measuring the antigenic properties of blood samples. The technique has been validated statistically with respect to its self-consistency and determinacy. >
1-[Carbon-11]-Glucose Radiation Dosimetry and Distribution in Human Imaging Studies

UNLABELLED 1-[Carbon-11]-D-glucose ([11C]-glucose) is an important imaging agent for PET studies that have been used to study the normal brain, encephalitis, epilepsy, manic-depressive disorder, schizophrenia and brain tumors. METHODS Dosimetry estimates were calculated in subjects undergoing imaging studies to help define the radiation risk of [11C]-glucose PET imaging. Time-dependent radioactivity concentrations in normal tissues in 33 subjects after intravenous injection of [11C]-glucose were obtained by PET imaging. Radiation absorbed doses were calculated according to the procedures of the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) committee along with the variation in dose based on the calculated standard deviation of activity distribution seen in the individual patients. RESULTS Total body exposure was a median of 3.0 microGy/MBq in men and 3.8 microGy/MBq in women. The effective dose equivalent was 3.8 microGy/ MBq in men and 4.8 microGy/MBq in women. The critical organs were those that typically take up the most glucose (brain, heart wall and liver). CONCLUSION The organ doses reported here are small and comparable to those associated with other commonly performed nuclear medicine tests and indicate that potential radiation risks associated with this radiotracer are within generally accepted limits.
Age Changes in Endosteal Bone Remodeling and Balance in the Rabbit

Metabolically normal rabbits, like humans, have specific surface changes in bone remodeling and balance with age. The loss of cortical bone with aging is primarily caused by an endosteal surface negative balance. Since formation rates on these surfaces remain relatively constant with aging, this negative bone balance is the result of increased osteoclastic cell activity. The specific mechanism of this increased osteoclastic activity is not known.
A thermophotovoltaic micro-generator for portable power applications

We report a MEMS based thermophotovoltaic micro-generator that has been successfully operated with positive net electrical power output. The key components of the system are the suspended-tube micro-reactor (S/spl mu/RE) that serves as an emitter, and a gallium-antimonide photocell that converts the emitted radiation into electricity. Net electrical power of 1.0 mW was produced with the emitter heated to /spl sim/770/spl deg/C by the combustion of propane and air in the reactor. The overall system efficiency was 0.08%. This is a promising technology for portable power systems to replace batteries in certain applications.