cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of the Nuclear Spin Relaxation Rate of Liquidl15In

Temperature dependence of the atomic structure and self diffusion coefficient have been considered to predict the temperature dependence of the nuclear magnetic relaxation rate W1m and the nuclear quadrupolar relaxation rate W1q. The present calculation indicates that substantical a mount of the relaxation rate comes from the nuclear quadrupolar interaction. While Wlm increased from 3.677 to 6.894 ms−l, W1q, decreased from 0.276 to 0.070 ms−1 in the temperature range 170 to 650 °C. Die Temperaturabhangigkeit der atoniaren Struktur und des Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten werden betrachtet, um die Temperaturabhangigkeit der magnetischen Kernrelaxationsrate W1m und der Kernquadrupolrelaxationsrate W1q vorauszusagen. Die Rechnungen zeigen, das ein wesentlicher Teil der Relaxationsrate von der Kernquadrnpolwechselwirkung herruhrend Wahrend W1m von 3,677 auf 6,894 ms−1 ansteigt, fallt W1q von 0,276 auf 0,070 ms−1 im Temperaturbereich 170 bis 650 °C.
The two-factor model of psychopathic personality: Evidence from the Psychopathic Personality Inventory.

Psychopathy or psychopathic personality disorder represents a constellation of traits characterized by superficial charm, egocentricity, irresponsibility, fearlessness, persistent violation of social norms, and a lack of empathy, guilt, and remorse. Factor analyses of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory (PPI)typically yield two factors: Fearless Dominance (FD) and Self-Centered Impulsivity (SCI). Additionally, the Coldheartedness (CH) subscale typically does not load on either factor. The current paper includes a meta-analysis of studies that have examined theoretically important correlates of the two PPI factors and CH. Results suggest that (a) FD and SCI are orthogonal or weakly correlated, (b) each factor predicts distinct (and sometimes opposite) correlates, and (c) the FD factor is not highly correlated with most other measures of psychopathy. This pattern of results raises important questions about the relation between FD and SCI and the role of FD in conceptualizations of psychopathy. Our findings also indicate the need for future studies using the two-factor model of the PPI to conduct moderational analyses to examine potential interactions between FD and SCI in the prediction of important criterion measures.
Accuracy of dynamic computed tomography to calculate rotation occurring at lumbar spinal motion segments.

Study design Reliability study comparing computed tomography (CT) to biomechanics. Objective To measure the accuracy and precision of such measurements in comparison with a standard method. Summary of background data Rotations of lumbar spinal motion segments can be measured with dynamic CT imaging. This may be a useful tool to measure intersegmental motion. Validation of its use is lacking. Methods Human cadaveric lumbar spines were fixed in a rigid rotation device and rotated, whereas rotation at each level was measured with extensiometers. Rotation at each level was calculated as a percent of total rotation. The spines were placed in a CT scanner and imaged after rotation of the spine in each direction. The percent of total rotation that occurred at each level was calculated with a software program. Accuracy of the CT method was calculated as the average difference between methods. Precision was measured as the standard deviation of the CT measurement. Biomechanical testing and CT were repeated after the posterior anulus fibrosus at L3-L4 was incised with a scalpel. The power of the CT method to detect a change in rotation was tested by calculating the difference between the pre- and postsurgery rotation at L3-L4 and testing it for significance with a Student t test of paired samples. Results Differences between CT and biomechanical measurements averaged 0.2%. Precision was 6.0% (Table 1). Postanular injury, percent rotation at the L3-L4 level increased, whereas it decreased at the other 4 levels. The change at L3-L4 was statistically significant (P = 0.047). Conclusion Dynamic CT measures vertebral rotations sufficiently accurately to study the effect of a radial tear on axial rotation can.
Colonizing China's Northern Frontier: Yan and Her Neighbors During the Early Western Zhou Period

The establishment of the Yan state by the Zhou court during late eleventh century BCE had fulfilled the attempt by the dynastic power to colonize and control the local population of northern Hebei. The Yan and the two local groups, one active in the Yan mountainous region and the other in the Jing, Jin, and Tang area, developed a cooperative relationship during the early Western Zhou period. The cooperation between Yan and local elites was mutually beneficial. While local elite culture was heavily influenced by that of the Shang and Zhou, local traditions continued to be present.
Task of the Teaching Life: Self through Bakhtinian Dialogue and Ideological Engagement.

This article describes Mikhail Bakhtin’s 20th century work on dialogue as it may serve one engaged in the teaching as a vocation and existential pursuit rather than as a job or profession. Dialogue, as theorized by Bakhtin, within the pedagogical real, potentially becomes a mod of being through which the individual engages in the project of selfhood, a task basic to the human enterprise. For Bakhtin, dialogue was in part a structure within and through which we come to consciousness and give flesh and meaning to our existence. According to Bakhtin, the structure of self is dialogical and unfinalizable, meaning that each individual comes to consciousness through dialogue with some other. From a Bakhtinian perspective, the, selfhood as a dialogical formation constitutes a fundamental relation by which we much participate without end, making dialogue an unavoidable social activity immersed in language.
An optical fiber-based corrosion sensor based on laser light reflection

The development of an optical fiber corrosion sensor based on the principle of light reflection is presented in this paper. The sensor consists of an optical fiber reflection sensor and a tube/film subassembly, formed by welding a sacrificial metallic film to a steel tube. One side of the sacrificial metallic film is finely polished and isolated from the environment while the other side is exposed to the corrosive environment. The corrosion pits initiated at the exposed film surface slowly penetrate into the sacrificial film as the exposure time increases. Once the corrosion pits reach the polished surface, its surface reflectivity decreases. This decrease in reflectivity is monitored by the optical fiber reflectivity sensor. Since the corrosion sensor detects the corrosion pits only after the corrosion is severe enough to penetrate through the film, the sensitivity of the corrosion sensor is determined by the film thickness. The principle of operation, packaging, and characterization of the corrosion sensors are presented.
Effect of personal characteristics on individual support for indoor smoke-free air laws, Indiana, 2008.

Introduction Policy makers should understand the attitudes and beliefs of their constituents regarding smoke-free air legislation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of selected personal characteristics on attitudes and beliefs about secondhand smoke in Indiana and on support for smoke-free air laws.
Abnormalities of Central Contrast Sensitivity in Glaucoma

The detectability of foveally presented low-contrast flickering stimuli was determined for glaucoma patients, ocular hypertensives, and normal control subjects. Two types of stimuli, a homogeneous flickering field, and a counterphase flickering grating of low spatial frequency, were presented on a screen subtending 4 degrees of visual angle. The average of the contrast sensitivities to these two simuli (defined as the dynamic response coefficient) was consistently lower in glaucomatous than in normotensive eyes. The dynamic response coefficient was also below normal in half the ocular hypertensive eyes.
Interfacing A Focal Plane Infrared Mosaic Array And An Optical Processor

Advances in mosaic focal plane array IR technology and optical spatial light modulators make an optical processor for high resolution imagery most attractive. A conceptual methodology to integrate these diverse technologies will be described. The system concept involves a fully corrected IR focal plane, a digital preprocessor and an optical correlator. The resultant system has potential use for missile guidance, surveillance, reconnaissance, and other similar pattern recognition problems.
Florida red-tide toxins (brevetoxins) produce depolarization of airway smooth muscle.

Abstract Crude preparations of brevetoxin (PBTX) produce airway contraction; however, it is not known if this toxin-induced mechanical response is coupled to changes in airway smooth muscle membrane potential. Membrane potentials and contractility of in vitro canine trachealis smooth muscle preparations were simultaneously measured with a microelectrode and microforce transducer before and during exposure to either the crude toxin (0.01–1.2 μg/ml), or the purified fractions PBTX-2 or PBTX-3 (0.01–0.07 μg/ml). Membrane potentials in cultured airway smooth muscle-reaggregate preparations were similarly studied. Toxins produced concentration-dependent depolarizations and contractions in in vitro preparations. These responses were not obtained in the presence of either the muscarinic blocking agent atropine, the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), 0 mM extracellular Ca 2+ , or the Ca 2+ channel blocker verapamil. The toxins were without effect in cultured cells, whereas acetylcholine produced depolarizations which were blocked in the presence of atropine, but not TTX. This suggested the presence of functional cholinergic receptors in cultured cells, and the PBTX-induced release of endogenous acetylcholine from peripheral nerve endings in the in vitro airway smooth muscle response.
Origins of and changes in the symposium series on biotechnology for fuels and chemicals.

More than two decades ago, a group of research engineers and applied scientists with interest in energy applications of bioprocessing initiated an annual symposium series ultimately entitled “Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals.” The Department of Energy, several of the national laboratories, and various industrial firms have supported these symposia that are now held alternately in the mountains of Tennessee and Colorado. There has been wide acceptance of these meetings, with participants from the government, academia, and the commercial sector, and more than 20 different nations have been represented. The peer-reviewed proceedings have been published and are an important source for innovative bioprocessing research.
Ordering of limits in the Jarzynski equality

We consider the sampling problems encountered in computing free-energy differences using Jarzynski’s nonequilibrium work relation [Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 2690 (1997)]. This relation expresses the free-energy change of a system, on which finite-time work is done, as an average over all possible trajectories of the system. This average can then be expressed as a cumulant expansion of the work. We study the scaling of these cumulants with an appropriately defined measure of phase-space accessibility e and particle number N for two simple changes in state. We find that the cumulant expansion is slowly convergent for predominantly entropic processes, those where e is considerably altered during the course of the process. An accurate determination of the free-energy change requires some knowledge of the behavior of the tails of the work distribution associated with the process. Jarzynski’s irreversible work relation is only valid with the correct ordering of the infinite limits of N and e, clarifying the regime o...
Synthesis and Laser Spectroscopy of Monoclinic Eu3+: Y2O3 Nanocrystals

Gas-phase condensation of CO2 laser-heated EU3+:Y2O3 ceramics produces monoclinic-phase nanocrystalline material. Transmission electron microscopy shows particle diameters in the range 7-30 nm for particles quenched at 60 °C under 400 Torr of nitrogen atmosphere. The optical spectra of nanocrystals produced from 0.1% Eu3+:Y2O3 starting material have narrow lines, and the 5D0 lifetimes are 1.8, 1.2 and, 1.3 ms for the three Eu3+ cation sites. Nanocrystals obtained from 0.7 - 5 % Eu3+:Y2O3 starting material show line broadening and the presence of Eu2O3 secondary phase.
Interactions of the human papillomavirus E7 protein with cell cycle regulators

Abstract Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) critically depend on the cellular machinery for the replication of their genome. Viral replication is restricted to the differentiated strata of the skin that are normally growth arrested. Hence, the HPVs have developed strategies to subvert cellular growth regulatory pathways and are able to uncouple cellular proliferation and differentiation. The HPV E7 protein can overcome the activity of some cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, associate with cyclin/cyclin dependent kinase complexes and bind to and destabilize the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. These biological activities contribute to the carcinogenic potential of the high risk HPV E7 proteins which are consistently expressed in HPV-positive cervical carcinomas.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS

This study is an investigation of the effects of occupational sex-dominance on sex differences in occupational performance expectations. Female and male college students indicated their expectations for their own performance—self expectations—and that of either a “typical” male, female, or male and female person—comparison person expectations—for six occupations varying according to perceived sex-dominance. Additionally, the performance expectations were reported under anticipated private or public conditions. Results indicated that in contrast to males, females reported lower expectations for themselves alone and lower expectations for themselves in comparison to another person for male-dominated occupations. However, unlike males, females reported higher expectations for themselves and for themselves in comparison to others for female-dominated fields. Occupational sex dominance appeared to influence females' performance expectations, while males' expectations were similar across fields varying in sex-d...
Effect of Pre‐ and Postdischarge Interventions on Breastfeeding Outcomes and Weight Gain Among Premature Infants

Objective: To investigate the effect of pre- and postdischarge interventions on breastfeeding outcomes and weight gain among preterm infants.
Direct Interaction between SET8 and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Couples H4-K20 Methylation with DNA Replication

Chromatin endowed by histone modifications governs chromatin structure, which in turn represents a means to regulate cellular processes, including transcription and heterochromatin formation. Recent evidence revealed a plethora of enzymes that catalyze specific histone modifications for epigenetic maintenance, and dysregulation of which contributes to tumorigenesis and developmental defects. The histone methyltransferase SET8 (also known as Pr-Set7) was previously reported to monomethylate Lys20 of histone H4. However, the temporal and spatial control of SET8 activity remains elusive. Here, we provide evidence to support that SET8 monomethylates Lys20 of histone H4 during S phase by tethering to proliferating cell nuclear antigen via a putative proliferating cell nuclear antigen-interacting protein box. In addition, we show that SET8 function is required for S phase progression. Finally, deletion of SET8 in mice causes embryonic lethality, suggesting that SET8 plays an important role in mammalian embryogenesis.
Kenaf/polypropylene nonwoven composites: The influence of manufacturing conditions on mechanical, thermal, and acoustical performance

Abstract The kenaf/polypropylene nonwoven composites (KPNCs), with 50/50 blend ratio by weight, were produced by carding and needle-punching techniques, followed by a compression molding with 6-mm thick gauge. The uniaxial tensile, three-point bending, in-plane shearing, and Izod impact tests were performed to evaluate the composite mechanical properties. The thermal properties were evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The performance of sound absorption and sound insulation was also investigated. An adhesive-free sandwich structure was found to have excellent sound absorption and insulation performance. Based on the evaluation of end-use performance, the best processing condition combination of 230 °C and 120 s was determined, and the correlation between mechanical properties and acoustical behavior was also verified by the panel resonance theory.
Ion—molecule reactions in the CO2/H2 system by ion cyclotron resonance

Abstract Thermal energy rate constants have been measured for proton and hydrogen atom transfer to CO2 and CO2+ from H2+ and H2, respectively, using an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. At thermal energies, proton transfer is about 2.5 times more likely than electron transfer. Double resonance experiments show that the two reaction channels are of equal magnitude for an H2+ translational energy of 10 eV. At higher energies the electron transfer reaction dominates. Similar double resonance studies show that the rate constant for H transfer from H2 to CO2+ is independent of CO2+ translation energy up to at least 5 eV. The most striking feature of this work is that the rate constant for proton transfer to CO2 is substantially greater than the collision rate constant calculated from the usual Langevin polarization theory of ion—molecule reactions. The plausibility of this large rate constant is discussed in terms of the ion—quadrupole interaction potential.
Did Clinton lie

Clinton later admitted to having an improper relationship with Monica Lewinsky. This much we needn't suppose. But suppose, along with Saul, that this relationship counts as the having of 'sexual relations' as this expression is understood by the general public and by Clinton himself.1 Given this supposition, it would seem that Clinton lied. Suppose, further, that Clinton has two names for Monica Lewinsky, and that he is careful to use them in different ways. When he speaks about Monica Lewinsky in her capacity as White House intern, and about his relations with her while she is acting in this capacity, he calls her 'Miss Lewinsky'. But when he speaks about Monica Lewinsky as a participant in their improper affairs, he calls her simply 'Monica'. Suppose also that Clinton was careful not to stand in any improper relation to Monica Lewinsky while she was carrying out her internly duties.2 Would this make any difference to the way we answer the title question? Graeme Forbes (1997, 1999) and I (1999) have defended the view call it 'Aspect-Sensitivity' that if proper names are systematically pegged in this way to different capacities, personae, or, more generally, 'aspects' of an individual, these aspects can, in certain cases, figure in the truthconditions of what is literally said (and not merely communicated) by 'simple sentences' (that is, sentences, such as (1), that lack any overtly modal, quotational, or psychological ingredients). While we agree on Aspect-Sensitivity, Forbes holds that aspects work their way into truthconditions by means of a 'logophoric' indexical hidden in logical form, and I hold instead that we sometimes 'reference-shift' so as to use proper names to speak directly about aspects of the name's normal referent.
Variations in potential CH4 flux and CO2 respiration from freshwater wetland sediments that differ by microsite location, depth and temperature

Abstract Wetlands are a valued ecosystem because of their ability to improve water quality through pollutant removal, their high biodiversity, their carbon sequestration capabilities, and their ability to dampen storm hydrographs through water storage. However, wetlands also contribute to global warming, most obviously through microbial methane production. Driving the biochemical processes that enable methanogenesis is a diverse community of microorganisms under the influence of multiple environmental factors that are poorly constrained in greenhouse gas flux models. Sediments were collected from several distinct microsites across a fresh-water, constructed temperate wetland in Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A. Depth and temperature were tested for their influence on methane emission rates under two controlled temperatures. Pyrosequencing analysis of the 16S rRNA gene was used to investigate microbial communities associated with microsites and depths. Unvegetated, open-water and vegetated microsite sediments had similar potential methane flux rates when cores were separated into shallow and deeper depths. Deeper sediments lacked the ability to produce detectable methane without substrate addition. A 10 °C increase in temperature accelerated the rate of methane production and carbon dioxide respiration by 2–3 fold across all microsites. Methanogens were initially most prevalent in sediments collected from open-water microsite sediments, although had little effect on potential methane flux rates during incubations. These results suggest that upper limit methane emissions are similar across microsites in the absence of other field scale effects, such as redox boundaries, vegetation, or hydrologic fluctuations.
Cellular localization and sex steroid regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein messenger ribonucleic acids in the primate myometrium.

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II are abundant in the primate myometrium and are implicated in the sex steroid-induced growth of this tissue. To evaluate the potential for modulation of IGF action in the primate myometrium by locally produced IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), we examined the cellular localization and sex steroid regulation of IGFBPs 1-5 in the nonhuman primate uterus. Ovariectomized rhesus monkeys were treated with placebo, estradiol (E2), or E2 and progesterone (P4) (E2 and P4) for 2 weeks, after which their uteri were removed and cut into thin serial sections for analysis by in situ hybridization. IGFBP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was not detected in control or E2-treated uteri but was found in a few unidentified cells in the E2 and P4-treated group. IGFBP-2, -3, -4, and -5 mRNAs were all expressed by myometrial smooth muscle cells but each displayed distinctive patterns of regulation by sex steroids. IGFBP-2 was barely detectable in control myometrium, was significantly increased by ...
Surface characterization study of InP(100) substrates using ISS, AES and ESCA: comparison of substrates from two different commercial sources

Abstract A surface characterization study using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA or XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS) has been performed on solvent-cleaned In(100) substrates supplied from two different commercial sources. The data show that the composition and chemical states present at the two surfaces vary considerably which explains why substrates obtained from different sources must be treated differently to optimize the properties of films grown on these substrates. Furthermore, the utilization of multiple surface analytical techniques with varying depth sensitivities indicate that both native oxides are quite complex with a layered nature.
Skull base growth in craniosynostosis

Introduction The interrelationship of skull base growth and craniosynostosis is one that is not often taken into account in the clinical management of patients with craniofacial disorders by neurosurgeons and craniofacial surgeons. Very early on in our medical training we are taught the anatomical differences between the calvarial unit and skull base portion of the skull. The inherent differences in both underlying tissue components and the different growth characteristics of these two uniquely different structures are critical in understanding skull base growth in craniosynostosis and the inherent potential craniofacial growth in these unique children.
A Simple Time-Division Multiplexing System for Low-Frequency Bioelectric Signals

A simple time-division multiplexing system composed largely of commercially available units frequently found in biomedical laboratories is described. It can be used either with the intermediary of magnetic tape recorders or directly, for transmission of two or three channels of information over a single communications link. Possible selection of operating parameters is extremely wide, permitting optimization of channel capacities for particular signals such as electroencephalograms, electrocardiograms, electro-oculograms, tremograms, etc.
A New Term Significance Weighting Approach

The authors present a new term significance measure that integrates term frequency retrieval characteristics, term frequency, document collection characteristics, and both the term depth and width distribution characteristics. A new concept, the term depth distribution, is introduced and its impact on the term significance is analyzed. The authors address the features of the new term significance measure from the angles of the impact of the variables (parameters) on it and the iso-significance contour analyses. An experimental study was conducted to compare the newly developed approach with two other popular approaches from the perspectives of both efficiency and effectiveness. The results show that the newly developed approach achieves satisfactory performance. Issues for further research on this topic are suggested.
Evolution of the mammalian middle ear

The structure and evolution of the mandible, suspensorium, and stapes of mammal-like reptiles and early mammals are examined in an attempt to determine how, why, and when in phylogeny the precursors of the mammalian tympanic bone, malleus, and incus (postdentary jaw elements and quadrate) came to function in the reception of air-borne sound. The following conclusions are reached. It is possible that at no stage in mammalian phylogeny was there a middle ear similar to that of “typical” living reptiles, with a postquadrate tympanic membrane contacted by an extrastapes. The squamosal sulcus of cynodonts and other therapsids, usually thought to have housed a long external acoustic meatus, possibly held a depressor mandibulae muscle. In therapsids an air-filled chamber (recessus mandibularis of Westoll) extended deep to the reflected lamina and into the depression (external fossa) on the outer aspect of the angular element. A similar chamber was present in sphenacodontids but pterygoideus musculature occupied the small external fossa. The thin tissues superficial to the recessus mandibularis served as eardrum. Primitively, vibrations reached the stapes mainly via the anterior hyoid cornu, but in dicynodonts therocephalians, and cynodonts, vibrations passed mainly or exclusively from mandible to quadrate to stapes and the reflected lamina was a component of the eardrum. In the therapsid phase of mammalian phylogeny, auditory adaptation was an important aspect of jaw evolution. Auditory efficiency, and sensitivity to higher sound frequencies, were enhanced by diminution and loosening of the postdentary elements and quadrate, along with transference of musculature from postdentary elements to the dentary. These changes were made possible by associated modifications, including posterior expansion of the dentary. Establishment of a dentray-squamosal articulation permitted continuation of these trends, leading to the definitive mammalian condition, with no major change in auditory mechanism except that in most mammals (not monotremes) the angular, as tympanic, eventually became a non-vibrating structure.
TH‐C‐J‐6B‐04: Performance Characterization of Megavoltage CT Imaging On a Helical Tomotherapy Unit

Purpose: This study characterizes the image performance of the megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) imaging from the Hi‐ART II tomotherapy treatment unit using measures of noise, uniformity, contrast, linearity, and spatial resolution as a function of absorbed dose.Method and Materials: MVCT image performance was characterized using a AAPM CT Performance Phantom. The following tests were performed as a function of collimator pitch and image pixel size: imagenoise,spatial uniformity, objective (modulation transfer function) and subjective (hole patterns) spatial resolution,contrast linearity, and contrast‐detail resolution. The multiple scan average dose (MSAD) was determined in a 20 cm diameter cylindrical phantom as a function of collimator pitch, and the beam energy was estimated from percent depth dose measurements. Results: The uniformity and spatial resolution of MVCT images generated by the HI‐ART II are comparable to that of diagnostic CTimages. The MVCT scan contrast is linear with respect to electron density of target material. MVCT images do not have the same performance characteristics as state‐of‐the‐art diagnostic images based on objective measures of noise and low‐contrast resolution, but large object low contrast resolution is sufficient to for identification of many important soft tissue structures. The MSAD ranges from 0.25 cGy to 1.1 cGy, and the effective beam energy is 3.5 MV. Conclusion: MVCT images from the Hi‐ART II are adequate for verifying a patient's position at the time of radiation therapy. These images also provide sufficient contrast to delineate many soft‐tissue structures. Hence, these images are adequate for reconstruction of the dose actually delivered to anatomical structures during radiotherapy. The dose delivered by the MVCT is low enough that images can be acquired on a daily basis.
ON BROODINESS OF RING DOVES FOLLOWING IMPLANTS OF CERTAIN STEROID HORMONES

THE INDUCTION of broodiness in laying fowl by injections of prolactin was reported by Riddle, Bates and Lahr (1935a). The same observers (1935b, 1942) later found that in intact and operated rats of both sexes maternal behavior may result, directly or indirectly, from injections of certain pituitary and steroid hormones. The literature on this subject was reviewed in the publication of 1942. The purpose of the present study was to learn whether those steroids which had proved effective in rats were likewise active in birds, and simultaneously to learn whether the effective steroid hormones do or do not give evidence of increasing the output of prolactin from the pituitary of the treated dove. Only doves or pigeons can be used for this last-named test since other birds cannot similarly indicate an increased output of prolactin through enlargement of crop-sacs.
User-interface design and China: a great leap forward

If user-interface design seeks to encompass human-experience design, then computer-based communication and interaction designers need to keep Asian, specifically Chinese, users in mind. China, with approximately one-fifth of the world's population, an economy that is growing quickly, and a manufacturing system that exports a significant percentage of the goods imported into the world's countries, needs to be considered in revising concepts of user-interface and user-experience design.
VATS increases costs in patients undergoing lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease

Proliferation in the use of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has occurred without data demonstrating benefit. Few studies have critically compared VATS with limited thoracotomy (LT) in homogeneous patient populations undergoing standardized procedures. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 37 consecutive patients referred for elective lung biopsy as part of an ongoing interstitial lung disease protocol to determine whether VATS improved outcome or reduced costs. Sixteen patients underwent VATS, and 21 patients underwent LT lung biopsy over a 31 month period. The two groups were homogeneous in regard to clinical symptoms, radiologic findings, age, sex, and preoperative pulmonary function. The operative mortality was not different between the two groups (VATS, 0/16, and LT, 1/21). The postoperative stay was 4.8 +/- 1.0 days for VATS and 5.0 +/- 0.5 days for LT (p = not significant). Operating time, number of specimens obtained, chest tube output, and day of chest tube removal did not differ. There was no difference in the amount of analgesics required during the postoperative period. Operating room cost for VATS was significantly greater than that for LT ($2,663 +/- $384 versus $1,801 +/- $94; p = 0.04) despite the use of nondisposable equipment. Anesthesia-related costs were also greater for VATS ($309 +/- $11 versus $244 +/- $15; p = 0.002). In conclusion, lung biopsy in patients with interstitial lung disease can be performed safely and efficiently with either VATS or LT, but VATS results in higher procedure-related costs.
Victimization by Community Violence in Young Adolescents from a Suburban City

An exploratory model of the victimization-distress relation was tested with a sample of 123 sixth- through eighth-grade students from a small suburban city. More than one-half of the participants reported being victimized by community violence (including being chased, hit, mugged, and wounded). Although the majority of victimization incidents described by students included less severe types of physical confrontations such as chasing or hitting, nearly one-fifth of the students experienced more severe forms of victimization, namely mugging or wounding. An exploratory model was constructed whereby assertiveness and self-controlling coping predicted victimization. Victimization and family support emerged as direct predictors of distress, and family support moderated the victimization-distress relation. Suggestions for further research are discussed.
Cation Effects on the Formation of the One-Dimensional Uranyl Iodates A2[(UO2)3(IO3)4O2] (A=K, Rb, Tl) and AE[(UO2)2(IO3)2O2] (H2O) (AE=Sr, Ba, Pb)

Abstract The reactions of UO3 and I2O5 with RbCl, TlCl, SrCl2, or Pb(NO3)2 at 200°C for 3 days in aqueous media result in the formation of A2[(UO2)3(IO3)4O2] (A=Rb (1), Tl (2)) and AE[(UO2)2(IO3)2O2](H2O) (AE=Sr (3), Pb, (4)). Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural with K2[(UO2)3(IO3)4O2], which has been prepared by similar methods. These compounds are composed of 1∞[(UO2)3(IO3)4O2]2− chains built from the edge-sharing of UO7 pentagonal bipyramids and UO6 octahedra. Compounds 3 and 4 are isostructural with Ba[(UO2)2(IO3)2O2](H2O), consisting of one-dimensional 1∞[(UO2)2(IO3)2O2]2− ribbons formed from the edge-sharing of distorted UO7 pentagonal bipyramids. The iodate groups in these compounds adopt both bridging and monodentate binding modes and further serve to terminate the edges of the uranium oxide chains. The alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, and main group cations separate the chains or ribbons in these compounds forming contacts with terminal oxygen atoms from the iodate ligands. Crystallographic data (193 K, MoKα, λ=0.71073): 1, triclinic, space group P 1 , a=7.0834(8) A, b=7.8935(9) A, c=9.092(1) A, α=91.741(2)°, β=105.110(2)°, γ=92.214(2)°, Z=1, R(F)=3.39% for 134 parameters with 1978 reflections with I>2σ(I); 2, triclinic, space group P 1 , a=7.0602(6) A, b=7.9475(6) A, c=9.0175(7) A, α=91.867(1)°, β=105.595(1)°, γ=91.577(1)°, Z=1, R(F)=3.12% for 134 parameters with 2220 reflections with I>2σ(1); 3, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=7.8140(5) A, b=6.9425(4) A, c=21.434(1), β=99.324(1)°, Z=4, R(F)=4.20% for 164 parameters with 2533 reflections with I>2σ(I); 4, monoclinic, space group P21/c, a=7.8441(5) A, b=6.9328(4) A, c=21.340(1), β=99.062(1)°, Z=4, R(F)=3.37% for 164 parameters with 1965 reflections with I>2σ(I).
Informed Consumer Choice in Community Rehabilitation Programs

This study investigated consumer and staff member perceptions regarding the extent of consumer choice and participatory planning in community-based rehabilitation programs (CRPs) and the relationsh...
Purification of iodotyrosine deiodinase from bovine thyroid.

Abstract A procedure for solubilizing and purifying an iodotyrosine deiodinase from bovine thyroid micorsomes is described. The microsomal deiodinase activity was solubilized by steapsin. Subsequent salt fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose yielded preparations 60 to 80 times as active as microsomes. The products of the deiodination of L-DIT were MIT and iodide. Unlike the particulate deiodinase which was responsive both to NADPH and dithionite, the soluble preparations were active with dithionite but not with NADPH. Submicromolar concentrations of reduced FAD and FMN enhanced activity. At concentrations of substrate below 1 μM, DIT was more rapidly deiodinated than MIT. This was reversed at concentrations greater than 5 μM because of pronounced substrate inhibition of deiodinase activity by L-DIT.
Treatment with Coated Layer Double Hydroxide Clays Decreases the Toxicity of Copper-Contaminated Water

Copper is a common pollutant found in watersheds that exerts toxic effects on both invertebrates and vertebrates. Layer double hydroxide (LDH) clays are able to adsorb a wide range of contaminants through ion-exchange mechanisms. Coating LDH clays with various materials alters the aggregation of clay particles into the nano-size range, thus increasing relative surface area and offering great potential for contaminant remediation. The goal of this study was to determine if treatment with coated LDH clays decreases the toxicity of copper-containing solutions to Daphnia magna. Four LDH clays with different coatings used to alter hydrophobicity were as follows: used: Na+ montmorillonite, Zn–Al LDH-nitrate, Zn–Al LDH-stearate, and Zn–Al LDH-carbonate. It was determined that coated LDH clays decreased copper toxicity by decreasing bioavailability and that smaller aggregate sizes decreased bioavailability the most. 96 h LC50 values increased by as much as 4.2 times with the treatment of the solutions with 100 mg/L LDH clay. Copper analysis of the clay and solutions indicated that the clays work by decreasing copper bioavailability by way of a binding mechanism. Coated LDH clays hold promise as a small-scale remediation tool or as an innovative tool for toxicity identification and evaluation characterization of metals.
Scanning electron microscope studies of Avena coleoptiles during primary leaf emergence

A scanning electron microscope study of the fine structure of coleoptiles of Avena sativa L. cv. Clintford has revealed information about the relationship between aspects of coleoptilar structure and the emergence of the primary leaf. Stomata are located on the lateral sides of the coleoptile and arch across the apex. The location of the stomata and associated vascular tissue may play a role in the splitting of the coleoptile pore and influence the manner in which the primary leaf emerges. Details of the surface fine structure of the coleoptile pore, its associated cells, stomata and guard cells are presented.
LONG–LASTING BEHAVIORAL IMPACT OF NEONATAL ASPHYCTIC EPISODES IN RAT MALE SUCKLINGS

It is well known that toxic and asphyctic insults in neonatal rat models have produced behavioral changes (in activity, memory and learning). The persistence of these effects longitudinally has not been well documented. 100 male pups from 22 Sprague-Dawley dams were randomly assigned in equal numbers to an asphyctic (7 asphyctic episodes in 4 days in individual vials) and to a control group, at 5 activity testing intervals (7, 14, 21, 30, 50 days of life), where independent groups of 20 animals were placed singlely in a drum actometer to record 10 min (5 trials of 2 min each) of learning activity. In addition, conditioned active avoidance response learning was examined, at 45-50 days of life. ANOVA with repeated measures (where needed) was used for analysis. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 1) the asphyctic group demonstrated a significant (P < .05) hyperactivity at 21 days of life (compared to control) and then a significant (P < .05) hypoactivity at day 50 of life. There was no difference in activity at 7, 14 or 30 days of life. Intertrial habituation was intact in both groups at all ages. 2) There was no significant difference in active avoidance (number of trials to criterion & escape latency times) learning between asphyctic and controls and in memory testing. These behavioral findings suggest that postnatal asphyctic events in these model may inhibit the cholinergic system and induce early hyperactivity and late (50 days) hypoactivity (possibly) mediated by norepinephrine), but not alter the acquisition of conditioned avoidance responses.
Patterns of expression of the JIM4 arabinogalactan-protein epitope in cell cultures and during somatic embryogenesis in Daucus carota L.

Spatiotemporal patterns of expression of the cell-surface arabinogalactan-protein epitope defined by monoclonal antibody JIM4 (J.P. Knox et al., 1989, Development 106, 47–56) have been characterized by indirect immunofluorescence during the process of somatic embryogenesis in Daucus carota L. The JIM 4 epitope (J4e) occurred on cells established in culture from hypocotyl explants which appeared to derive, at least in part, from the epidermal cells of the hypocotyl. Cultures maintained in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid developed proembryogenic masses of which only infrequent cells at the surface expressed J4e. Sub-culture at a low cell density and withdrawl of the synthetic auxin resulted in an increase in J4e expression in most surface cells and most abundantly in surface layers of cells at the future shoot end of developing embryos. The transition to heart-shaped embryos occurred concurrently with the expression of J4e by groups of cells beneath the developing cotyledons, at the junction of the future root and shoot. At this stage, J4e was also expressed by a single well-defined layer of cells at the surface of the embryos. Advancement to the mature torpedo stage was accompanied by the expression of the epitope on cells forming two regions of the future stele and of cells associated with the cotyledonary provascular tissue characteristic of the carrot seedling. At this stage there was substantially less expression of the marker antigen by epidermal cells, although infrequent expression by isolated cells of the epidermis was maintained. The correlation of J4e expression with the development and distinction of plant tissue patterns during somatic embryogenesis indicates a role for plasma-membrane arabinogalactan proteins in these processes.
Variation in Cardiac Glycoside Content of Monarch Butterflies from Natural Populations in Eastern North America

A new spectrophotometric assay has been used to determine the gross concentration of cardiac glycoside in individual monarch butterflies. Adults sampled during the fall migration in four areas of eastern North America exhibited a wide variation in cardiac glycoside concentration. The correlation between spectrophotometrically measured concentrations and emetic dose determinations supports the existence of a broad palatability spectrum in wild monarch butterflies. The cardiac gylcoside concentration is greater in females than in males and is independent of the dry weight of the butterflies; contrary to prediction, both the concentration mean and variance decrease southward. The defensive advantage of incorporating cardiac glycosides may be balanced by detrimental effects on individual viability.
No Difference in Late Toxicity With Postoperative Radiation Therapy Following Open or Robotic Prostatectomy

Robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) has become a standard surgical approach at many centers. This transperitoneal approach could be speculated to result in higher rates of gastrointestinal (GI) morbidity compared to open, retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). We sought to examine the effect of surgical approach on late GI or genitourinary (GU) toxicity, as well as QOL, in the setting of postoperative radiotherapy (RT).
FLUID FILM SPRAYED ON A STRETCHING SURFACE

A liquid film, due to spraying, is deposited on a stretching surface. The physical problem is governed by a nondimensional parameter α, representing the relative importance of spraying rate to stretching rate. After a similarity transform, the Navier-Stokes equations reduce to a nonlinear ordinary differential equation which is solved by perturbation and numerical integration. The results show nonuniqueness and nonexistence of a steady state solution for certain values of α. Velocity profiles and heat transfer characteristics are determined.
Recall criterion does not affect recall level or hypermnesia: a puzzle for generate/recognize theories.

Subjects studied a mixed list of 70 words that varied in imagery value and then received three successive tests. Also varied were instructions given to subjects prior to list presentation (imagery or semantic rehearsal) and the type of recall test (standard free recall, an uninhibited-recall procedure in which subjects were encouraged to free associate and to guess while recalling the list, and a forced-recall condition in which they were also told to write a large number of responses to fill the allotted spaces). Recall improved across the three tests in all conditions, but the improvement was greater for high-than for low-imagery words. In addition, hypermnesia (the improved recall across tests) was shown to occur following semantic rehearsal instructions as well as imagery instructions and to occur with low-imagery words, contrary to the imagery hypothesis of the effect. Most importantly, the large variation in recall criterion produced by manipulating instructions at test (as measured by intrusions) did not affect the overall level of correct recall or the magnitude of improvements across tests. Apparently, the assumption of generate-recognize theories that people generate much more information in free recall than they produce (due to a stringent criterion for recognition of the generated material) is false.
Substrate-free microwave synthesis of graphene: experimental conditions and hydrocarbon precursors

The effects of applied microwave power, gas flow rate and precursor composition on the substrate-free gas-phase synthesis of graphene were investigated. Graphene was produced through the delivery of ethanol droplets into argon plasmas, and a decrease in the flow rate of the gas used to generate the plasmas resulted in the formation of graphitic particles and bulk graphite structures. Carbonaceous soot particles were created by delivering isopropyl alcohol into the reactor, while no solid matter was created from methanol. Increasing the applied microwave power was found to have no effect on the structures of the synthesized materials. These findings indicated that the synthesis of graphene in the gas phase was the result of the slow inception and extremely fast growth of aromatic nuclei in the plasma afterglows.
Stay-In-Place FRP Form for Concrete Columns

Advanced fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites can be used in combination with traditional materials in a number of different applications such as slabs, beams, columns and piles. The advantages of combined construction include the cost-effectiveness and the ability to optimize the cross section based on material properties of each component. The most efficient use of FRP stay-in-place form is for concrete columns, as it eliminates the need for internal reinforcement and protects concrete against environmental effects. This paper provides a thorough review of the basic principles and research findings to date on the stay-in-place FRP forms for concrete columns. The various design issues including confinement modelling, axial-flexural behaviour, time-dependent behaviour, buckling and slenderness, pile driving, seismic behaviour, connections and modular construction, shear behaviour, fatigue performance, and nondestructive testing and inspection of stay-in-place FRP-concrete columns are discussed. The s...