cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pollinator genetics and pollination: do honey bee colonies selected for pollen-hoarding field better pollinators of cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon?

Summary 1. Genetic polymorphisms of flowering plants can influence pollinator foraging but it is not known whether heritable foraging polymorphisms of pollinators influence their pollination efficacies. Honey bees Apis mellifera L. visit cranberry flowers for nectar but rarely for pollen when alternative preferred flowers grow nearby. 2. Cranberry flowers visited once by pollen-foraging honey bees received four-fold more stigmatic pollen than flowers visited by mere nectar-foragers (excluding nectar thieves). Manual greenhouse pollinations with fixed numbers of pollen tetrads (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32) achieved maximal fruit set with just eight pollen tetrads. Pollen-foraging honey bees yielded a calculated 63% more berries than equal numbers of non-thieving nectar-foragers, even though both classes of forager made stigmatic contact. 3. Colonies headed by queens of a pollen-hoarding genotype fielded significantly more pollen-foraging trips than standard commercial genotypes, as did hives fitted with permanently engaged pollen traps or colonies containing more larvae. Pollen-hoarding colonies together brought back twice as many cranberry pollen loads as control colonies, which was marginally significant despite marked daily variation in the proportion of collected pollen that was cranberry. 4. Caloric supplementation of matched, paired colonies failed to enhance pollen foraging despite the meagre nectar yields of individual cranberry flowers. 5. Heritable behavioural polymorphisms of the honey bee, such as pollen-hoarding, can enhance fruit and seed set by a floral host (e.g. cranberry), but only if more preferred pollen hosts are absent or rare. Otherwise, honey bees' broad polylecty, flight range, and daily idiosyncrasies in floral fidelity will obscure specific pollen-foraging differences at a given floral host, even among paired colonies in a seemingly uniform agricultural setting.
A new approach for assessing cumulative lysosomal degradation of proteins or other macromolecules

Abstract A general method is proposed for the direct estimation of the degradation in various tissues of macromolecules that are metabolized by a lysosomal mechanism. This involves coupling to the macromolecule a small molecule that is cleaved from it only after entry into the lysosome, that is not metabolized but is “trapped” in the lysosome, and that therefore accumulates as a direct function of the amount of macromolecule degraded. The feasibility of the method was shown using low density lipoprotein and serum albumin doubly labeled with covalently bound [14C]sucrose and 125I. Uptake by normal fibroblasts, measured in terms of 14C accumulated in the cells, correlated very closely with uptake measured in terms of 125I-labeled metabolites in the medium plus 125I in the cells.
Work in progress - factors African American males consider when choosing a graduate school: Implications for science and engineering fields

Analyzing survey data from a national sample of 672 Black men, this study investigated the factors they consider when choosing a graduate school. Academic reputation, aid awarded, and proximity to home were considered most frequently and STEM major was correlated with 5 of the factors (p≪0.05). Results offer ideas about broadening participation among Black men.
Observations on the role of sulfhydryl groups in the functioning of actomyosin.

Abstract The reaction of N -ethylamaleimide (NEM) with actomyosin causes the same pattern of activation and inhibition of ATPase activity at low KCl in the presence of Mg ++ as at high KCl in the presence of Ca ++ . The reaction of enough NEM to cause maximal ATPase activation does not interfere with superprecipitation or with the ability of relaxing factor grana to prevent superprecipitation, but does decrease the tendency of actomyosin to dissolve at high ATP concentrations. Further reaction with NEM reverses the activation of ATPase activity and prevents superprecipitation. Superprecipitation can be completely inhibited before there is any net inhibition of ATPase activity. It is suggested that two —SH groups are involved in the functioning of myosin, and their roles in ATPase activity and in mechanochemical coupling are discussed.
Discharge Coefficient for Siphon Spillways

AbstractThe study deals with the discharge coefficient for siphon spillways based on the results of experimental methods and numerical simulations. Siphon spillways are used as the outlet in reservoirs to control the incoming flood flows. A scaled plexiglass model of a siphon was fabricated and tested in the laboratory flume to determine the siphon discharge coefficient over a range of Reynolds numbers. The RNG k-e model was used to obtain the discharge coefficient of the siphon. The existing experimental results and the present test data were used to validate the model predictions. The agreement of the model with test data was reasonable. A properly validated model permits the evaluation of the siphon discharge coefficient for different flow configurations encountered in the field, without recourse to expensive experimental procedures.
Nonleptonic weak decay and the Melosh transformation

The PCAC (partially conserved axial-vector current) hypothesis and the Melosh transformation are used with the soft-pion and infinite-momentum techniques to obtain expressions for the nonleptonic weak decay of amplitudes of the $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W}56$, $L=0$ baryons. The following results are obtained: (1) Modified Lee-Sugawara relations are exact for both the parity-violating and parity-conserving amplitudes. (2) Two additional sum rules involving ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay amplitudes are derived. (3) If the parity-violating part of the weak decay Hamiltonian transforms only as an $\mathrm{SU}{(6)}_{W}35$, then $A({\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{+}^{+})=0$ automatically. (4) Terms arising from the Melosh transformation are necessary to bring the decay width for ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\Xi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ into agreement with experiment. (5) All known amplitudes are fitted to within 10%.
Phonemic Restoration: Insights From a New Methodology

Phonemic restoration is a powerful auditory illusion in which listeners "hear" parts of words that are not really there. In earlier studies of the illusion, segments of words (phonemes) were replaced by an extraneous sound; listeners were asked whether anything was missing and where the extraneous noise had occurred. Most listeners reported that the utterance was intact and mislocalized the noise, suggesting that they had restored the missing phoneme. In the present study, a second type of stimulus was also presented: items in which the extraneous sound was merely superimposed on the critical phoneme. On each trial, listeners were asked to report whether they thought a stimulus utterance was intact (noise superimposed) or not (noise replacing). Since this procedure yields both a miss rate P(intact/replaced), and a false alarm rate P(replaced/intact), signal detection parameters of discriminability and bias can be calculated. The discriminability parameter reflects how similar the two types of stimuli sound; perceptual restoration of replaced items should make them sound intact, producing low discriminability scores. The bias parameter measures the tendency of listeners to report utterances as intact; it reflects postperceptual decision processes. This improved methodology was used to test the hypothesis that restoration (and more generally, speech perception) depends upon the bottom-up confirmation of expectations generated at higher levels. Perceptual restoration varied greatly wih the phone class of the replaced segment and its acoustic similarity to the replacement sound, supporting a bottom-up component to the illusion. Increasing listeners' expectations of a phoneme increased perceptual restoration: missing segments in words were better restored than corresponding pieces in phonologically legal pseudowords; priming the words produced even more restoration. In contrast, sentential context affected the postperceptual decision stage, biasing listeners to report utterances as intact. A limited interactive model of speech perception, with both bottom-up and top-down components, is used to explain the results.
Circumferential strain in the wall of the common carotid artery: Comparing displacement‐encoded and cine MRI in volunteers

The walls of conduit arteries undergo cyclic stretching from the periodic fluctuation of arterial pressure. Atherosclerotic lesions have been shown to localize to regions of excessive stretching of the arterial wall. We employed a displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) sequence to image the motion of the common carotid artery wall and map the two-dimensional (2D) circumferential strain. The sequence utilizes a fully-balanced steady-state free-precession (SSFP) readout with 0.60 mm in-plane resolution. Preliminary results in volunteers at 1.5T (N = 4) and 3.0T (N = 17) are compared to measurements of the lumen circumference from cine images. The agreement between the two independent measurements at both field strengths (P ≤ 0.001) supports the use of DENSE as a means to map the pulsatile strain in the carotid artery wall.
Ruminations on the Generated Curriculum and Reform in Community College Mathematics: An Essay in Honor of Jeremy Kilpatrick

In this essay I elaborate on a notion of curriculum, put forward by Jeremy, that highlights the tensions that emerge from the curious interplay between reform, teaching, learning, and culture. I use the setting of American community colleges, to illustrate some of these tensions. I provide vignettes of teaching mathematics at community colleges in different levels of mathematics, to illustrate these tensions, which result in an anticipated stability of the curriculum: the stability is a consequence of the current historical, societal, political, and cultural conditions that surrounds this particular institution.
A Comparison of Evolutionary Protocols for Solving Distributed Constraint Satisfaction Problems

Evolutionary Computation (EC) is the field of study devoted to problem solving using simulated evolution. In this paper, evolutionary operators are applied and a number of societies of hill-climbers (SoHCs), such as a genetic SoHC (GSoHC) and an evolutionary SoHC (ESoHC) are employed for solving randomly generated distributed asymmetric constraint satisfaction problems (DisACSPs). Further, we develop an Estimation of Distribution Algorithm SoHC (EDA-SoHC) variant using a uniform mutation operator. This variant produces offspring by drawing genetic material from a distribution of above-average individuals in the population. In this paper, we compare GSoHCs using distributed restricted forms of single-point, two-point, modified two-point, and uniform crossover. The GSoHCs are also compared with an ESoHC that uses a distributed restricted form of uniform mutation and a simple SoHC which does not use any evolutionary operators. Finally, we compare the SoHC, GSoHCs, and ESoHC to the EDA-SoHC.
Thermal runaway analysis of high power AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors

Thermal runaway study of multiple emitter AlGaAs/GaAs power HBTs using an analytical electro-thermal model is described. Thermal runaway causes the fatal destruction of the device under the voltage modulation mode of operation, and thermally-induced current instability of the device under the current modulation mode of operation. The kinetic relation between the thermal runaway and junction temperature rise is studied. The HBT power handling capabilities in relation to the device thermal resistance and ballasting schemes are discussed. >
Application of Constraint Force Equation Methodology for Launch Vehicle Stage Separation

A = axial location of the solid rocket booster (SRB) reference point in Space Shuttle main engine (SSME) plume coordinate system, ft ax, ay, az = acceleration components along body axes (excluding components due to gravity), ft=s CA = isolated (freestream) axial force coefficient Cm = isolated (freestream) pitching moment coefficient CN = isolated (freestream) normal force coefficient Cn = isolated (freestream) yawing moment coefficient CY = isolated (freestream) side force coefficient Cl = isolated (freestream) rolling moment coefficient eA, eB = unit vectors in body A and body B, respectively Fp = plume impingement force, lb Fx, Fy, Fz = aerodynamic forces in axial, lateral, and normal directions, lb F CON A , F CON B = joint constraint force vector for body A and body B
Information Environment Characteristics of Strategic Alliances

Strategic alliances are voluntarily initiated cooperative agreements between firms, which involve exchanging, sharing and developing resources (Gulati, 1995). Separating financial activities of the partner firms' entity from those of the strategic alliances is an ongoing challenge for accounting practitioners both in terms of financial and tax reporting issues (Wallman, 1995). This challenge is especially severe in contractual alliances, where the involved firms do not form a new corporate entity that is separate from the parent organization. In this study we find that the information environments of firms involved in such arrangements, termed contractual alliances, are broadly associated with indicators of low quality accounting information. Relative to other firms, they have higher levels of discretionary accruals, lower accrual quality, and earnings that are less persistent, less smooth, less relevant, less timely, and less conservative. They also have lower earnings response coefficients.
The Spread of the Inert, Atrophied Selves, and the Failure of Resistance in Late Capitalist Societies: A Discussion of Michael Haneke’s Seventh Continent and Jens Lien’s Bothersome Man

This paper undertakes a close analysis of two contemporary art films: Michael Haneke’s The Seventh Continent (1989) and Jens Lien’s Bothersome Man (2006). Both films explore the manifestations and implications of what I call the “spread of the inert” in late capitalist societies and inquire into particular strategies of resistance devised by the main characters. The analysis unfolds as follows. First, I examine the extent to which human life has been permeated by the inert in the "advanced" societies described by the films under consideration. I employ insights elaborated by Jean Baudrillard in his essay “Ecstasy and Inertia” to shed light upon the phenomenon of people’s passivity in the face of object proliferation. Second, I resort to Charles Taylor’s hermeneutic account of the dialogical self to further specify Baudrillard’s analysis. In particular, I seek to articulate the process through which human beings grow stupefied and apathetic under the reign of the inert. I introduce the notion of “atrophied selves” to describe the new type of alienated individuals, who have come to display a mode of being typical of objects as a result of their prolonged focus on objects of consumption and lack of meaningful interactions with others. Communitarian bonds dissolve, while indifference, neglect, and even violence become the norm. In this context, I explore the practices of resistance devised by several characters in response to the gradual deterioration of human life. I argue that these forms of resistance are ultimately escapist and self-defeating, and further undermine personhood and the basis for community building. This bleak portrayal of human beings in “advanced” societies constitutes the cinematic answer to a pressing question: Why are certain ways of opposing an alienating societal arrangement doomed to failure? Both films suggest that atrophied selves can experience malaise at their current situation, but have neither accumulated sufficient imaginative resources nor cultivated appropriate practices to be able to envision and bring about an alternative world.
Quantitative Structure–Enhancement Relationship and the Microenvironment of the Enhancer Site of Action

In the last several decades, a large number of studies on chemical permeation enhancers were performed to assist the development of topical and transdermal products. The mechanisms of chemical permeation enhancers on skin transport have been investigated and quantitative structure–enhancement relationships for permeation enhancers have been examined. The understanding of the enhancer mechanisms of action would allow effective prediction of the effects of skin permeation enhancers, minimize chemical permeation enhancer screening, and improve topical and transdermal formulation development. Based on the systematic approaches in our previous studies, it was determined that enhancer-induced permeation enhancement across the skin lipoidal pathway was directly related to the concentration of the enhancers in the stratum corneum lipid domain. Relationships between skin permeation enhancer potency (based on either enhancer aqueous concentration in the diffusion cell chamber or enhancer concentration in the stratum corneum lipids) and enhancer lipophilicity (enhancer n-octanol–water partition coefficient) were established. The nature of the microenvironment of the enhancer site of action in the stratum corneum was found to be mimicked by n-octanol. The present chapter summarizes these findings and reviews the quantitative structure–enhancement relationship deduced in these systematic studies.
Milestones for Selection, Characterization, and Analysis of the Performance of a Repository for Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste at Yucca Mountain.

This report presents a concise history in tabular form of events leading up to site identification in 1978, site selection in 1987, subsequent characterization, and ongoing analysis through 2008 of the performance of a repository for spent nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste at Yucca Mountain in southern Nevada. The tabulated events generally occurred in five periods: (1) commitment to mined geologic disposal and identification of sites; (2) site selection and analysis, based on regional geologic characterization through literature and analogous data; (3) feasibility analysis demonstrating calculation procedures and importance of system components, based on rough measures of performance using surface exploration, waste process knowledge, and general laboratory experiments; (4) suitability analysis demonstrating viability of disposal system, based on environment-specific laboratory experiments, in-situ experiments, and underground disposal system characterization; and (5) compliance analysis, based on completed site-specific characterization. Because the relationship is important to understanding the evolution of the Yucca Mountain Project, the tabulation also shows the interaction between four broad categories of political bodies and government agencies/institutions: (a) technical milestones of the implementing institutions, (b) development of the regulatory requirements and related federal policy in laws and court decisions, (c) Presidential and agency directives and decisions, and (d) critiquesmore » of the Yucca Mountain Project and pertinent national and world events related to nuclear energy and radioactive waste.« less
A Reader’s Tour of the Constitution: I. Preamble: 'Tell me, Muse, How it All Began'

In this essay, the first of a book-length tour of the text of the Constitution, I consider how a close reading of the Preamble - as an invocation of the Muse, as a prayer, as a statutory preamble, and as a modern lyric poem, among other things - might inform our reading of the entire document. Most readers focus on the first three words, We the People, which distracts them from a careful reading of the remainder, which sets out the stated purposes of the Constitution. One striking feature of the Preamble is that, contrary to the general impression abroad in the twenty-first century, it evinces little intent to create limits on government, but rather uses strong verbs that more readily suggest activity and power as the aims of the new government. Another is what the Preamble does not mention. For one thing, the state governments (much less their rights) receive no mention. The decision to speak in the voice of we the people was historically made late in the Philadelphia Convention; but it was a fateful one. As stated above, the essay is the first in a series aimed at both legal and non-legal readers who want to spend time with the Constitution's text. Constitutional law begins with a non-textual institution, judicial review of federal statutes, and rarely leads students into a careful study of the text. Citizens, meanwhile, tend to view the Constitution through the lens of their high-school or college classes, usually taught by political scientists. Any citizen, any lawyer, and any scholar could, I suggest, find profit and pleasure in spending time playing with the document's text.
Microstructural and Electronic Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films Deposited by Magnetron Reactive Sputtering.

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films have been deposited by dc magnetron reactive sputtering in an Ar+H2 working gas. In this process, the hydrogen content A controlled by two independent variables: the substrate temperature and the hydrogen partial pressure in the deposition chamber. For a wide range of deposition conditions studied, it is shown that total hydrogen content of the films, as inferred from IR absorption, is uniquely related to the hydrogen bonding and the microstructure. We report films of high electronic quality, deposited between 200–300 °C, in which hydrogen bonding varies from predominantly SiH to mixed SiH and SiH2 modes as the hydrogen content is increased. This struciral change is reflected in hydrogen evolution spectra. In addition to peaks at ˜500 and ˜600 ° C, a low-temperature peak (350–400 C) has been observed for the films which have high hydrogen content and consequently are rich in SiH2. The low temperature peak is absent in SiH dominant films. However, the low-temperature peak is not associated with a columnar morphology because SEM images of fracture cross-sections are featureless for SiH dominant films and have a “bumpy” texture for high SiH2 content films. We propose that in our SiH2 rich films, excess hydrogen leads to a void rich but non-columnar morphology. Preliminary measurements of the Staebler-Wronski effect using AM-1 light show a low susceptibilty to degradation in both types of films. The different electronic properties of the films indicate that the quality of magnetron sputtered films does not necessarily correlate with the IR absorption peaks in a simple manner.
Magnetic Interactions in Fe Nanoparticle Arrays

The preparation of monodisperse Fe nanoparticles and self-assembly into hcp and fcc or fcc-like arrays is described. Here dipolar interactions dominate for the interparticle spacings studied (1.4-3.4 nm). Comparison of the low temperature magnetic properties of multilayer arrays with those of dilute suspensions of the same particles show increased coercivity and slower magnetic relaxation in the arrays. Mean field calculations of magnetic interaction fields suggest the type of ordered structures formed.
20 Cases of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Treated with Shuanghuqinggan Granules

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of shuanghuqinggan granules on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods 98 cases were randomized into two groups.48 cases in control group were treated with oral administration of polyene phosphatidylcholine and 50 cases of treatment were prescribed with shuanghuqinggan granules on the base of the treatment as control group.3 months later,the symptoms,physical signs,liver function indexes and blood-lipid metabolic situation were observed in two groups.Results The improvements in symptoms,physical signs,repair of liver function and blood-lipid metabolism in treatment group were superior to those in control group(P0.05).Conclusion Shuanghuqinggan granules have quite good efficacy on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease due to retention of damp heat and interaction of phlegm and stagnation.
Energy Efficiency Index System for Distribution Network Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process

On the basis of current research on energy saving indices of distribution network,according to relevant standards and rules,and considering its feasibility when used in reality,a set of index system for evaluating energy efficiency of distribution network is established.The proposed index system employs indices concerning distribution network planning,equipment parameters,and equipment operating status.The weight of index obtained by analytic hierarchy process and state value of index can be used to calculate comprehensive efficiency score of distribution network,in order to find the link of low energy efficiency in distribution network.The established index system is beneficial to explore energy saving potentiality,and to optimize capital investment for energy saving projects,and energy efficiency level of distribution network can be eventually promoted.The index system is applied to the distribution network of one provincial power corporation,and the evaluation result is in accordance with actual energy efficiency of evaluated distribution network,which verified the effectiveness and practicability of the established index system.
Improvement of JMS performance based on client cache

The high efficiency of the message server is required in the application of the telecom network management.But the JMS message server middleware is hard to meet the requirement in accordance with the J2EE1.3.Here a mathematical model is built for the JMS message traffic.To increase the traffic a dynamic control method is designed,implemented and verified.
Awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control among junior high school students in Jixian county of Tianjin

[Objective]To know the awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control among junior high school students in Jixian county of Tianjin,discuss the intervention measures for controlling hepatitis B,and provide a basis for government to develop the appropriate strategies.[Methods]1 926 people were sampled by stratified cluster sampling.The questionnaires of knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control were conducted before and after health education intervention,in order to evaluate the effect of health education about hepatitis B prevention and control.[Results]The awareness rate of knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control after intervention was 91.97%,which was significantly higher than that before intervention(38.11%).The main ways to obtain the knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control transformed from watching TV and listening to radio before intervention to various forms and multifaceted interactive health education model after intervention.[Conclusion]Different types of health education can improve the level of knowledge about hepatitis B prevention and control among students,and its promotion in schools has profound significance for prevention and control of hepatitis B.
An International Academic Partnership through a Policy Implementation Lens: Top-Down, Bottom-Up or Somewhere in Between?.

Leaders of higher education institutions are eager to identify effective internationalization strategies in today’s fast-paced, interconnected global environment. International academic partnerships are a common yet understudied strategy designed to take advantage of globalization’s opportunities and to meet an institution’s internationalization goals. However, because these are based squarely on human interpersonal relationships, they depend heavily on the perceptions, interpretations and appropriations of those involved. This study offers an in-depth exploration of how an international academic partnership is perceived and interpreted by stakeholders on both sides of the partnership. Guided by a policy implementation theory and a case study approach, the study’s results yield a rich insider perspective on various facets of the partnership’s origination, operation and perceived effectiveness. The study provides suggestions for future research as well as recommendations for practice, such as the critical function of faculty involvement and the exercise of prudence by senior administrators who possess international partnership ambitions. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201502031094
Note on a War-like Card Game

AbstractWe prove that the probability that one of the players has a winning strategy in the War-like card game “Peer Pressure” approaches zero as the number of cards dealt approaches infinity, even...
Diagnosis and management of anaerobic infections of the head and neck.

Anaerobic bacteria are important pathogens in head and neck infections such as chronic otitis media, chronic sinusitis, chronic mastoiditis, head and neck abscesses, cervical adenitis, parotitis, and postoperative infection. Bacteroides sp (Bacteroides melaninogenicusgroup, Bacteroides oralis, and Bacteroides fragilis group), Peptostreptococcus sp, and Fusobacterium sp predominate. The observed recent increase in the number of β-lactamase-producing strains of Bacteroides sp isolated in head and neck infections has been associated with increased failure rates of the penicillins in the management of these infections
Simulated Annealing: “Smooth” (Local) Discrete Optimization

In many real-life problems, we know what will happen if we make a decision, and what we want. Such problems are naturally formalized as optimization problems. In Lessons 5 and 6, we showed that when an optimization problem is continuous in nature, continuous mathematics is useful in designing an algorithm for this problem. In this lesson (and in the follow-up Lesson 8), we will show that continuous mathematics can help in designing algorithms for discrete optimization as well. Namely, in Lesson 7, we will show this on the example of simulated annealing, which is a good method for “almost smooth” discrete objective functions. In Lesson 8, the same idea will be applied to genetic algorithms, which optimize “non-smooth” objective functions.
Eckhart and the Justice of God

Eckhart's teaching on the Justice of God, human justice, and the relationships between them, are primarily found in a cluster of sermons and writings from what is arguably the mid-period of his career. Although grounded in the received tradition begun by Plato and most lately found in the theology of Thomas Aquinas, Eckhart developed a distinctive doctrine that emphasizes the total and absolute nature of justice in which human persons participate as an aspect of the spiritual union of God and the soul. Finally, equality and mercy, as mutually entailed aspects of both the justice of God and human justice, have important practical consequences in ethics and spirituality.
Categorizing the Magnitude and Frequency of Exposure to Uncivil Behaviors: A New Approach for More Meaningful Interventions.

Purpose To examine turnover intentions, as well as the prevalence and frequency of uncivil behaviors, from the perspective of registered nurses, respiratory therapists, and imaging professionals, using a new method to categorize exposure magnitude. Design and Methods Data were collected using the 22-item Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R). Additional items, informed by Price and Mueller's causal model of turnover, were included, as were select demographic variables. The final sample included 170 healthcare professionals. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, a chi-square test was constructed to test for significant differences in exposure to uncivil behavior based on demographics, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics were used to test associations between variables and calculation of raw sum scores to implement a new method of analysis for the NAQ-R, allowing for categorization of exposure magnitude. Findings Exposure to uncivil behavior was reported more often among nursing staff than other healthcare professionals. Lack of exposure to uncivil behavior was a significant predictor of intention to stay. Perceptual differences were found between nurses prepared at the baccalaureate and associate degree levels. Lastly, no significant correlations between exposure to uncivil behavior and selected demographic variables were found, suggesting that exposure is not dependent upon age, race, unit type, or educational level. Conclusions Findings support prior research associating negative organizational climate with higher turnover intentions. Uncivil behavior was reported across the organization, most predominantly among units staffed with nurses. Finally, use of newly defined cutoff points for the NAQ-R provide organizations with the ability to use both subjective and objective data to identify targets of uncivil behaviors to construct meaningful interventions. Clinical Relevance There is a need to develop more meaningful interventions to support targets of uncivil behaviors. Use of the NAQ-R, coupled with the proposed cutoff scores, allows for the identification of targets, the magnitude of exposure, and the construction of meaningful primary, secondary, and tertiary intervention programs that may improve turnover and quality of care.
Rejecting Climate Change: Not Science Denial, but Regulation Phobia

At this juncture, it seems clear that the most significant impediment to a worldwide effort to combat the disastrous consequences of climate change is the United States. It seems equally clear that the reason why the United States has assumed such a counterproductive role is the existence of a set of attitudes within its political discourse that is generally described as climate change denial. To some extent, these attitudes come from elite groups, such as the Republican Party leadership and the energy industry, but these groups can only dominate public policy because their attitudes resonate with a large portion of the American public. This article explores the reasons why so many people in the U.S deny climate change.The article rejects the familiar theory that climate change denial is part of a broader rejection of scientific principles by the American public. There is no such general attitude; Americans, including political conservatives, generally accept scientific findings. Evolution is an exception because of specific conflict with religious doctrine not present in the climate change case. Some of the opposition to climate change relies on conspiracy theories, which Richard Hofstadter called the “paranoid style” of American politics. But this does not provide an explanation; like conspiracy theorists in general, climate change deniers do not condemn their opponents for using science, but rather endorse or even glorify science and condemn their opponents for using it incorrectly.The more convincingly explanation is that climate change denial is allied to more general anti-regulatory attitudes that prevail among large segments of the public. But the opposition is not typical of mainstream conservatism. Rather than acknowledging the existence of a problem, while arguing that regulatory responses should be used with caution, the current conservative position is the complete refusal to acknowledge that a problem exists in the first place. This is what some survey researchers have described as a “boomerang” effect: in response to factual information linked to a normative recommendation, recipients of the information act in direct opposition to the recommendation. The reason they do so in this case is that a rational policy to combat climate change seems to demand a major alteration of society. Combatting climate change not only expands the scope of regulation, but involves regulations that effect a major transformation of our basic economic system and our personal lifestyles. Almost uniquely (toleration would be another case), it demands a transformation of internalized attitudes. This has produced what can be fairly described as a phobic reaction among many people, that is, an irrational and persistent fear of a given situation.The article concludes by considering some policies that might circumvent this phobic reaction: mass transit for commuting, intelligent homes, and the encouragement of local food production. In each case, these policies create appealing options for people without demanding major changes in their lifestyle.
STEM to social awareness: Connecting the dots through audio storytelling with podcasts

Podcasting is increasingly capturing the attention of educators from a wide variety of disciplines. Digital audio recordings that can be loaded onto students’ own mobile devices and broadcast to the world can impact student’s autodidactic learning. This classroom assignment is centered on a series of three short podcasts that the students are required to create based on a disease or addiction that is related to the community that they live in. This activity assists students in developing communication and technology skills and also serves to engage students in utilizing critical thinking and problem-solving skills to interact with the subject matter and present information in a clear, concise and engaging manner. The activity also encourages students to acquire a deeper understanding of the biological basis of disease/addiction and connect this to its impact on society. It promotes students to use social media in a responsible manner, while learning to develop and create social commentary through collaborative educational podcasts intended for wide dissemination. Finally, this project will also assist students in connecting their STEM classroom learning to the issue of social responsibility.
Excited State Magnetic Exchange Interactions Enable Large Spin Polarization Effects

Excited state processes involving multiple electron spin centers are crucial elements for both spintronics and quantum information processing. Herein, we describe an addressable excited state mechanism for precise control of electron spin polarization. This mechanism derives from excited state magnetic exchange couplings that occur between the electron spins of a photogenerated electron–hole pair and that of an organic radical. The process is initiated by absorption of a photon followed by ultrafast relaxation within the excited state spin manifold. This leads to dramatic changes in spin polarization between excited states of the same multiplicity. Moreover, this photoinitiated spin polarization process can be “read” spectroscopically using a magnetooptical technique that is sensitive to the excited state electron spin polarizations and allows for the evaluation of wave functions that give rise to these polarizations. This system is unique in that it requires neither intersystem crossing nor magnetic reso...
Fast Magic-Angle-Spinning 19F Spin Exchange NMR for Determining Nanometer 19F-19F Distances in Proteins and Pharmaceutical Compounds.

Internuclear distances measured using NMR provide crucial constraints of three-dimensional structures but are often restricted to about 5 A due to the weakness of nuclear-spin dipolar couplings. For studying macromolecular assemblies in biology and materials science, distance constraints beyond 1 nm will be extremely valuable. Here we present an extensive and quantitative analysis of the feasibility of 19F spin exchange NMR for precise and robust measurements of interatomic distances up to 1.6 nm at a magnetic field of 14.1 T, under 20–40 kHz magic-angle spinning (MAS). The measured distances are comparable to those achievable from paramagnetic relaxation enhancement but have higher precision, which is better than ±1 A for short distances and ±2 A for long distances. For 19F spins with the same isotropic chemical shift but different anisotropic chemical shifts, intermediate MAS frequencies of 15–25 kHz without 1H irradiation accelerate spin exchange. For spectrally resolved 19F–19F spin exchange, 1H–19F d...
The Notion of Responsibility in Family Therapy

A sense of responsibility can develop from ties of loyalty and obligation that are generated and nourished within the family. A major aim of therapy, especially family therapy, is to help family me...
A Search for the Decay of Metastable $$^{229m}$$ 229 m Th with Superconducting Tunnel Junctions

The desire to build nuclear clocks with an unprecedented accuracy of 1 part in $$10^{19}$$ is currently driving the interest in accurate measurements of the first excited nuclear state in $$^{229}$$ Th. We have used superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) radiation detectors to search for the associated decay of $$^{229m}$$ Th and measure its energy accurately. In this experiment, recoiling $$^{229m}$$ Th ions from the alpha decay of $$^{233}$$ U are embedded in the STJ detectors, and their subsequent decay into the ground state is expected to produce a signal at an energy of $$7.8\pm 0.5$$ eV. This approach is particularly promising, because all decay products are captured inside the STJ so that the measured energy does not depend on the decay mode or on chemical effects. Although this approach works well to characterize the decay of metastable $$^{235m}$$ U, no signal from $$^{229m}$$ Th has been observed. This negative result can be explained by recent measurements of the $$^{229m}$$ Th half-life of only $$7\pm 1\,\upmu \mathrm{s}$$ . We discuss our experiments and the modifications required to measure the energy of metastable $$^{229m}$$ Th with an accuracy of order ± 10 meV.
Eros in the creation of consciousness: Nietzsche and jung on the clash of opposites

(1989). Eros in the creation of consciousness: Nietzsche and jung on the clash of opposites. Psychological Perspectives: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 62-71.
EPR Studies of the Quinone Reaction Sites in Bacteria

In the electron transport chain, the role of ubiquinone (UQ) as an electron and proton carrier has become more evident with the proposal of Q-cycle mechanisms for the cytochrome bc 1 complexes of photosynthetic bacteria (1–3) and mitochondria (4–6) and for the mitochondrial NADH:UQ oxidoreductase (7,8). An understanding of the interaction of ubiquinone, or menaquinone in some bacteria, with the protein complex is essential in defining its role in proton translocation and electron transport. In those complexes which react with ubiquinone the difficulty of converting from a two electron carrier, ubiquinone, to a single electron carrier, such as a cytochrome or an iron-sulfur cluster, has been solved by either the presence of two one electron acceptors which accept electrons in parallel from ubiquinol, as in the ubiquinol oxidase portion of the cytochrome bc 1 complex (1,6), or by the presence of a stabilized semiquinone species as in the case of QB in reaction center from the photosythetic bacteria (9,10) and QC in the cytochrome bc 1 complex (11). As an experimental medium in which to study electron transport, bacteria provide many advantages over both plants and animals. These advantages include a large diversity in the types of electron transport chains and complexes, the ease of controlling growth conditions, the possibility of genetic manipulation, and, in cases where complexes similar to those found in plants or mitochondria are present, the complexes are much simpler in subunit composition and often more stable.
Ureteroceles and Ectopic Ureters

Primary aims in the diagnosis and treatment of ureteroceles and ectopic ureters are to prevent or reduce UTI, prevent renal damage, and prevent or correct urinary incontinence.
Grey-level coding for structured-light illumination systems

Fringe Projection Profilometry and Phase Measuring Deflectometry Systems are well-established technologies for noncontact 3D surface measurements. A common challenge in those systems is to obtain the absolute surface information using few measurement frames. In practice both techniques often generate a series of sinusoidal fringe patterns with different frequencies and use a camera vision system to capture the (by the object) deformed patterns. The images containing the deformed patterns are then processed to obtain the 3D surface information. Sinusoidal multi-frequency techniques have been for years and are an on-going area of research, where various algorithms have been developed to measure the unwrapped phase map (at the shortest fringe period). Commonly, temporal phase shifting techniques are used to extract the phase at different frequencies. However, obtaining the phase map for every fringe period requires multiple measurement frames. In this work, the advantages of efficient grey level (GL) coding techniques are presented, where a focus is given on the reduction of frames for noncontact 3D surface measurements. A further focus is given on additional features of GL coding as e.g. the error-detecting and the error-correcting properties of those codes that make GL coding an interesting candidate for harsher measurement environments.
Updated results from phase II study of combination of hyper-CVAD (HCVAD) with ponatinib in frontline therapy of patients (pts) with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

7036Background: Combination of cytotoxic chemotherapy with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of Ph+ ALL. Ponatinib is a more potent BCR-ABL1 inhibitor than imatinib and dasa...
Changing Landscapes of Faith: Latin American Religions in the Twenty-First Century

This essay reviews the following works: The Cambridge History of Religions in Latin America. Edited by Virginia Garrard-Burnett, Paul Freston, and Stephen C. Dove. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Pp. xii + 830. $250.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780521767330. Native Evangelism in Central Mexico. By Hugo G. Nutini and Jean F. Nutini. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2014. Pp. vii + 197. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780292744127. New Centers of Global Evangelicalism in Latin America and Africa. By Stephen Offutt. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Pp. viii + 192. $80.18 hardcover. ISBN: 9781107078321. The Roots of Pope Francis’s Social and Political Thought: From Argentina to the Vatican. By Thomas R. Rourke. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2016. Pp. vii + 220. $80.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9781442272712.
Computer Algebra for Automated Performance Modeling of Fortran Programs

Time complexity of sequential programs or segments of parallel programs can be estimated using the dynamic frequency of statements and their execution time. The execution time of single statements can be estimated by counting basic operations. The present paper deals with a method of determining the global dynamic frequency of statements by transient analysis of a Markov model. For defining the model automatically and solving the related equations, we use AUGUR which is a research tool for performance modeling of Fortran programs. While static program analysis and model generation are implemented by routine compile techniques, AUGUR uses MAPLE for evaluating expressions, defining transition matrices, and transient analysis. Routines of LAPACK are considered to demonstrate the achievable results.
Autophagy in Parkinson's Disease

Impaired protein homeostasis and accumulation of damaged or abnormally modified protein are common disease mechanisms in many neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). As one of the major degradation pathways, autophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining effective turnover of proteins and damaged organelles in cells. Several decades of research efforts led to insights into the potential contribution of impaired autophagy machinery to α-synuclein accumulation and the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, two major features of PD pathology. In this review, we summarize recent pathological, genetic, and mechanistic findings that link defective autophagy with PD pathogenesis in human patients, animals, and cellular models and discuss current challenges in the field.
Environmental Impacts of Conventional Open-Cut Pipeline Installation and Trenchless Technology Methods: State-of-the-Art Review

AbstractWith growing concerns about global warming and greenhouse gases (GHG), there is an urgent need to quantify and reduce the environmental impact (EI) of pipeline installation (PI). The most c...