cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of cellular TSG101 protein in multiple human breast cancer cell lines.

Abstract tsg101 was identified as a tumor susceptibility gene by homozygous functional inactivation of allelic loci in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. The human homologue was mapped at chromosome 11p15.1–2 and found to have intragenic deletion in 7 of 15 breast cancer specimens. To further confirm the relevance of defects in this gene to breast cancer, antibodies specific for the putative gene product were prepared and used to identify cellular TSG101 protein. The antibodies recognized a 46-kDa protein in human retinoblastoma WERI-27 cells labeled with [35S]methionine. This protein was not detected with preimmune sera. In cell fractionation studies, the 46-kDa protein cofractionating with glutathione S-transferase was found mainly in the cytoplasm. Similarly, when cells were immunostained with anti-TSG101 antibodies, fluorescence was localized in the cytoplasm of most of the cells. A full-size 46-kDa TSG101 protein was detected in a panel of 10 breast cancer cell lines and 2 normal breast epithelial cell lines with the same antibodies. Consistently, the full-length TSG101 mRNA was also detected in these breast cells using reverse transcription-PCR. These results indicate that homozygous intragenic deletion of TSG101 is rare in breast cancer cells.
Binocular Pseudostereo Representation Of Intensity Images Using Liquid Crystal Light Valves

This paper discusses yet another image operation performed in real time by the LCLV. Because of the birefringent properties of the liquid crystal used in its manufacture, a light intensity distribution imposed on the input plane of the liquid crystal maps as a reflectance function proportional to wavelength on the output plane. Using this 'spectral shift' of the light reflected from the output plane an optical device can be constructed which will cause dispersion proportional to input intensity gradients, which, in turn, enables the device to produce depth and shadowing effects in real time. A brief description of the operating characteristics of the LCLV will be discussed along with a method for using the 'spectral shift' distribution produced on the output plane of the device. Algorithms for producing stereo effects are reviewed followed by a description of the configuration of a system incorporating the LCLV to produce stereo effects. Finally, possible future uses for the device are suggested and further work proposed.
CommandTalk: A Spoken-Language Interface for Battlefield Simulations

CommandTalk is a spoken-language interface to battlefield simulations that allows the use of ordinary spoken English to create forces and control measures, assign missions to forces, modify missions during execution, and control simulation system functions. CommandTalk combines a number of separate components integrated through the use of the Open Agent Architecture, including the Nuance speech recognition system, the Gemini natural-language parsing and interpretation system, a contextual-interpretation module, a "push-to-talk" agent, the ModSAF battle-field simulator, and "Start-It" (a graphical processing-spawning agent). Commano Talk is installed at a number of Government and contractor sites, including NRaD and the Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center. It is currently being extended to provide exercise-time control of all simulated U.S. forces in DARPA'S STOW 97 demonstration.
Pediatric injury prevention counseling: an observational study of process and content

Abstract Objectives : To describe routine injury prevention counseling; to observe how three visit components — printed prompts, parent remarks, and parent behaviors — affect such counseling; to describe the process and content of discussions about car seats as an example of routine injury prevention. Methods : A total of 128 well-child visits of children under 7 months of age to a university pediatric clinic were videotaped (76% of eligible visits). Results : Three injury topics were mentioned, on an average, per visit. Parents or caregivers rarely introduced injury topics (5%). Physicians frequently introduced those topics listed on age-specific prompting sheets (73%). Car seat counseling typically began with a physician's question (82%). Most asked simply about ownership or use (93%). Few addressed difficult issues, such as consistency of use (11%). Conclusions : Physicians bring up the injury topics that are prompted. However, most discussion is superficial. Printed prompts that address counseling process as well as content might be beneficial.
"Integrated Marketing Communication: Creating Brand Communities, A Case Study"

Integrated marketing communication (IMC) has been the subject of much debate and criticism in regards to its unintended effects on external audiences and internal stakeholders. Critics of IMC quest...
Evangelical Religion and Popular Romanticism in Early Nineteenth-Century America

Arnold Toynbee has described our western civilization in the twentieth century as a rationalistic and secular culture. In the sense that an awareness of the importance of science is the starting point of the thinking of our day the generalization seems true. We prize the realism of the objective, analytical approach of science. In a turbulent and swiftly moving age we have substituted relativism for older values once confidently assumed to have universal validity. We have seen scepticism, born of twentieth-century events, erode an old and dynamic belief in progress. We observe Protestantism, its old orthodoxy shaken, striving to make the Christian tradition meaningful and significant for a materialistic generation. We watch the protagonists of democracy striving to hold fast to essential human values and to protect basic freedoms in an age of fear and power.
What’s So Funny about IRON CHEF?

Abstract Cable television broadcasts in the United States of the Japanese cooking-competition show Iron Chef allow viewers to position themselves both alongside and above the program’s Japanese participants and original viewership. The author analyzes the processes by which U.S. media corporations recontextualize non-Western media texts and the consequences of such translation strategies.
Modelling, parameterisation and simulation-based optimisation of a microflow-control actuator

A synthetic jet is considered to control microflows, where the Knudsen number is between 0.001 and 0.1. The flow is modelled with the compressible, 2D Navier-Stokes equations. The wall boundary conditions are modified for the slip velocity and the temperature jump encountered for this Knudsen number range. The membrane motion is modelled as a moving boundary. After a validation using experimental results available only for a macroflow over a hump, the present study focuses on developing a design optimisation methodology for micro-synthetic jets in micro-scale, laminar crossflow. First, single-variable optimisations are performed. As compared to the baseline case, the optimisations yield 2, 15, 15 and 200% increase in actuation efficiency for the cases varying the orifice width, the orifice height, the cavity height and the frequency, respectively. Then, multi-variable shape optimisation is performed. Compared to the baseline case, the optimisation using shape parameters results in a 7-fold increase in the actuation efficiency, while the optimisation with Bezier polynomials results in more than a 10-fold increase.
Myocardial ischemia-induced transient anterior conduction delay.

Abstract Although a trifascicular structure has been proposed for the left bundle branch, conduction delay in a third fascicle is rarely recognized. 1,2 This may be due to a lack of specific features for diagnosis of anterior conduction delay, 3 because identical patterns can be obtained with right ventricular hypertrophy or posterior myocardial infarction. 4 We present the stress test of a patient with critical coronary artery disease that exhibited ischemia and transient, complex conduction delay, manifested as prominent anterior forces followed by right bundle branch block (RBBB), with evolution of anteroseptal infarction.
An efficient heuristic for the multi‐item newsboy problem with a single constraint

This article treats the problem of determining optimal and approximately optimal order quantities for a multiple-item inventory system subject to a single constraint on space or budget. Although this problem can be solved by the usual method of Lagrange multipliers, we wish to consider a more efficient scheme that requires fewer computations. We provide calculations that compare and contrast four approximation techniques. In particular, we have discovered a method that yields a direct algebraic expression of the problem parameters for allocation and achieves an expected profit within 90% of the optimal in about 90% of the cases tested.
Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide-co-poly(ethylene glycol))-acrylate simultaneously physically and chemically gelling polymer systems

In an effort to create an in situ physically and chemically cross-linked hydrogel for in vivo applications, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) was copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol)-monoacrylate (PEG-monoacrylate) and then the hydroxyl terminus of the PEG was further modified with acryloyl chloride to form poly(NIPAAm-co-PEG) with acrylate terminated pendant groups. In addition to physically gelling with temperature changes, when mixed with a multi-thiol compound such as pentaerythritol tetrakis 3-mercaptopropionate (QT) in phosphate buffer saline solution of pH 7.4, this polymer formed a chemical gel via a Michael-type addition reaction. The chemical gelation time of the polymer was affected by mixing time; swelling of the copolymer solutions was temperature dependant. Because of its unique gelation properties, this material may be better suited for long-term functional replacement applications than other thermo-sensitive physical gels. Also, the PEG content of this material may render it more biocompatible than similar HEMA-based precursors in previous simultaneous chemically and physically gelling materials. With its improved mechanical strength and biocompatibility, this material could potentially be applied as a thermally gelling injectable biomaterial for aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM) occlusion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): the new horizon for children with ADPKD

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common inherited renal disorder. Patients with PKD remain clinically asymptomatic for decades, while significant anatomic and physiologic systemic changes take place. Sequencing of the responsible genes and identification of their protein products have significantly expanded our understanding of the pathophysiology of PKD. The molecular basis for cystogenesis is being unraveled, leading to new targets for therapy and giving hope to millions of people suffering from PKD. This has direct implications for children with PKD with regard to screening for the disease and identification of high-risk individuals. In this article we provide a review of the clinical manifestations in children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the genetic and molecular basis for the disease, and a concise review of potential therapies being evaluated.
General writing guidelines for technology and people with disabilities

The recommendations in this article reflect current thinking on language for writing in the academic accessibility community. Certain words or phrases can (intentionally or unintentionally) reflect bias or negative, disparaging, or patronizing attitudes toward people with disabilities and in fact any identifiable group of people. Because language can convey these things, it can influence our impressions, attitudes, and even actions. Choosing language that is neutral, accurate, and represents the preference of the groups to which it refers can convey respect and integrity.
Attitude toward teamwork and effective teaming

The business sector has created a need for higher educational institutions to prepare students to be effective team players. Responding to this need, higher educational institutions have been using different forms of active learning as methods to promote teamwork among students and enhance their learning. Results from such initiatives have shown that students recognize that the teaming experience improves their interpersonal skills, yet they still prefer work individually. Attitude originated from negative team experiences. The purpose of this study was to determine what relationship exists between individual attitudes toward teaming and the presence of characteristics deemed essential for an effective team. The study suggests that when mature communication, accountable interdependence, psychological safety, common purpose, role clarity and clear goal are present during the process of teaming, the experience will have a positive effect on individuals' attitude toward teamwork.
PET Imaging of Hypoxia

Hypoxia imaging has applications in functional recovery in ischemic events such as stroke and myocardial ischemia, but especially in tumors in which hypoxia can be predictive of treatment response and overall prognosis. Recently, there has been development of imaging agents using PET for non-invasive imaging of hypoxia. Many of these PET agents have come to the forefront of hypoxia imaging. Halogenated PET nitroimidazole imaging agents labeled with 18 F (t 1/2 = 110 m) and 124 I (t 1/2 = 110 m) have been under investigation for the last 25 years, with radiometal agents ( 64 Cu-ATSM) being developed more recently. This article focuses on these PET imaging agents for hypoxia.
Gate materials consideration for submicron CMOS

Abstract The selection of the gate materials for submicron CMOS devices were discussed in respect to work function, resistivity and other properties. Dual polysilicon gates and single mid-gap metal gate are two viable approaches. The pros and cons for each approach are discussed. In general, the single mid-gap metal gate approach is simpler in process as compared with the dual polysilicon gate approach, and has better performance down to 0.5 μm CMOS regime due to its lower resistivity and the contribution to higher electron mobility. However, the selection of the new materials and the development of the new processes will not be simple. Sputtered tungsten was carefully studied and chosen as the mid-gap gate material. Submicron tungstn gate NMOSFET devices were fabricated, characterized and compared with the n+ polysilicon gate devices to reach to the conclusions.
Developmentally-regulated changes of Xist RNA levels in single preimplantation mouse embryos, as revealed by quantitative real-time PCR.

Xist RNA localizes to the inactive X chromosome in cells of late cleavage stage female mouse embryos (Sheardown et al., 1997: Cell 91:99–107). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), however, does not quantify the number of Xist transcripts per nucleus. We have used real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to measure Xist RNA levels in single preimplantation embryos and to establish developmental profiles in both female and male samples. The gender of each embryo was readily established based on Xist RNA levels, by counting Xist gene copies per cell, and by independent detection of the presence/absence of Sry, a Y chromosome-specific gene. Xist expression in males was found to be very low at all stages, as suggested by FISH. In contrast, female embryos contained measurable levels of Xist mRNA starting at the late 2-cell stage and rapidly accumulated Xist transcripts until morula stage. Xist RNA accumulation per embryo then reached a plateau, while cell division continued. We propose that during early cleavage high enough levels of Xist mRNA are transcribed to generate a pool of unbound molecules. This pool would serve to temporarily maintain X chromosome inactivation without additional transcription while the trophectoderm and inner cell mass (ICM) differentiate. The ICM would then loose the paternally imprinted pattern of X inactivation originally present in all embryonic cells. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 61:425–436, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
From the Light of the Eyes to the Eyes of the Power: State and Dissident Martyrs in Post-Revolutionary Iran

In 2006 the courtyard of Sanati Sharif University in Tehran became a battleground over the geographies of life and death. The conflict transpired between students who protested the burying of state martyrs on campus, while the state and its supporters carried out the act regardless of the protest. In analyzing this act this essay traces the genealogy of the transforming geographies of life and death in modern Iran. It strives to demonstrate how the imposition of the dead in the eyes of the living and the struggles against it are informed by modern discourses and rationalities and are in keeping with, while transforming, the presumed boundaries between life and death and their sociality. The author sees the incursion of state martyrs into the public eye as a means to marginalize and render invisible the deviant “other,” the dissident martyrs. It demonstrates how the conflation of the vicinities of the dead and the living by burying corpses in public arenas reveals the stark contrast between the hyper-visib...
Theoretical evaluation of performance in biaxially-strained GaAs and In 0.75 Ga 0.25 As NMOS DGFETs

InxGa1-xAs is a very promising candidate for future NFETs. The performance tradeoffs in biaxial-strained In0.75Ga0.25As and GaAs NMOS DGFETs have been thoroughly investigated under ballistic transport, taking in to account non-parabolic full band structure, quantum effects, BTBT and SCE. The real and complex band structures for (001)/(111) orientations and biaxial tensile/compressive strains are calculated using LEPM. The main factors affecting the performance of the III-V materials, are the mefr, ?E?L, Eg and mTunnel. 4% biaxial compressive strain reduces leakage current in In0.75Ga0.25 AS (111) NMOS DGFET below the 100nA/um. ION of GaAs (001) NMOS DGFET can be increased up to 4mA/um from 3.3mA/um with the application of biaxial tensile strain.
Evaluation of groin and vulvar flap viability by the use of intravenous fluorescein

Abstract Postoperative necrosis or primary healing was predicted by the fluorescein test in most instances of groin and vulvar flaps. However, the extent of necrosis correlated poorly with the extent of areas of spotted fluorescence and nonfluorescence.
Analyzing Gender in Public Places: Rethinking Goffman's Vision of Everyday Life

In this study, I discuss critically some of Goffman’s work on public places, with regard to how that work represents women’s experience in public and how women’s experience changes the notions of public places that Goffman portrayed. I draw on an eighteen-month participant observation of one small city (Santa Fe, NM) and a set of in-depth interviews done with both female and male residents of the city. Here, I concentrate on three areas: the normalized distaste for public places that is encouraged in women by their fear of crime in public and the measures they are informed they must take as crime-conscious pedestrians and shoppers; street remarks that are often difficult to manage and impossible to resolve successfully; and access information—information the woman discloses that can be used as a clue to her identity and home and, potentially at least, as ammunition for further harassment of her. I use these areas to illustrate how gender-conscious appraisal is necessary in order to appreciate the character of public places.
Image identification and restoration based on the expectation-maximization algorithm

In this paper, the problem of identifying the image and blur parameters and restoring a noisy blurred image is addressed. Specifying the blurring process by its point spread function (PSF), the blur identification problem is formulated as the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) of the PSF. Modeling the original image and the additive noise as zeromean Gaussian processes, the MLE of their covariance matrices is also computed. An iterative approach, called the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm, is used to find the maximum likelihood estimates ofthe relevant unknown parameters. In applying the EM algorithm, the original image is chosen to be part of the complete data; its estimate is computed in the E-step of the EM iterations and represents the restored image. Two algorithms for identification/restoration, based on two different choices of complete data, are derived and compared. Simultaneous blur identification and restoration is performed by the first algorithm, while the identification of the blur results from a separate minimization in the second algorithm. Experiments with simulated and photographically blurred images are shown.
Sample Acquisition and Caching architecture for the Mars Sample Return mission

This paper presents a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Acquisition and Caching (SAC) study developed for the three rover platforms: MER, MER+, and MSL. The study took into account 26 SAC requirements provided by the NASA Mars Exploration Program Office.
Developmental genetics of the soybean urease isozymes

The soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) contains two urease isozymes whose expression is regulated in a tissue-specific and temporal manner. The ubiquitous urease is expressed in all tissues examined (leaf, embryo, seed coat, cell culture); the embryo-specific urease is synthesized exclusively in the developing embryo. The embryo-specific urease accumulates during seed development while the ubiquitous urease is found in highest levels during early development of both leaves and seeds. We have isolated mutants which fall in three phenotypic classes lacking one or both urease isozyme activities. Genetic analysis has thus far identified three unlinked loci which control the expression of urease(s). Genomic and cDNA clones of urease structural genes have also been recovered and we are working to assign these to genetic loci by sequence and RFLP analyses. That the ubiquitous urease isozyme is expressed in cell culture makes it possible to include cell culture in physiological and developmental studies. Additionally, we have developed direct selections for urease-negative mutants, and their revertants, in cell culture. These selections will facilitate the study of the expression of cloned urease genes in genetically transformed tissue.
Cautionary note: The thermal decomposition of amino acids in the solid state

Abstract The Arrhenius parameters governing the pyrolysis rates for 19 amino acids in the solid state presented in the paper listed as reference 1 were developed in a dynamic TGA–DSC procedure employing single heating rate techniques and appear to be untrustworthy. The incongruities resulting from the parameters include clearly implausible half-lives for glycine and alanine at 25 °C of respectively 8 min and 2.5 years. A simulation of an experimental run for glycine employing the recorded parameters and the procedure described in the paper reveals that the amino acid should be fully consumed at temperatures well below the recorded region of thermolysis. The recorded parameters for alanine are significantly different from those reported 3 decades earlier in a kinetic study that utilized conventional isothermal techniques and provided acceptable estimates of alanine's stability. The source of the problem is the use of a single heating rate rather than multiple rates in the determinations, and it is suggested that the parameters listed in reference 1 be avoided.
781 Mbit/s photon-counting optical communications using a superconducting nanowire detector

We demonstrate 1550 nm photon-counting optical communications with a NbN-nanowire superconducting single-photon detector. Source data are encoded with a rate-1/2 forward-error correcting code and transmitted by use of 32-ary pulse-position modulation at 5 and 10 GHz slot rates. Error-free performance is obtained with ~0.5 detected photon per source bit at a source data rate of 781 Mbits/s. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest reported data rate for a photon-counting receiver.
Local anomaly descriptor: a robust unsupervised algorithm for anomaly detection based on diffusion space

Current popular anomaly detection algorithms are capable of detecting global anomalies but oftentimes fail to distinguish local anomalies from normal instances. This paper aims to improve unsupervised anomaly detection via the exploration of physics-based diffusion space. Building upon the embedding manifold derived from diffusion maps, we devise Local Anomaly Descriptor (LAD) whose originality results from faithfully preserving intrinsic and informative density-relevant neighborhood information. This robust and effective algorithm is designed with a weighted umbrella Laplacian operator to bridge global and local properties. To further enhance the efficacy of our proposed algorithm, we explore the utility of anisotropic Gaussian kernel (AGK) which can offer better manifold-aware affinity information. Comprehensive experiments on both synthetic and UCI real datasets verify that our LAD outperforms existing anomaly detection algorithms.
Elemental analysis of white cotton fiber evidence using solution ICP-MS and laser ablation ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS)

The purpose of this research is to investigate a method for the forensic elemental analysis of cotton fibers for the purpose of increasing the discrimination between otherwise similar cotton evidence using microwave digestion inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). A quadrupole ICP-MS and UV laser ablation (266 nm) instruments were used for the analysis. A cotton standard reference material (IAEA V-9) was used to validate the developed methods producing good accuracy with typically <10% bias and good precision (typically <5% RSD) for the element list: (25)Mg, (27)Al, (55)Mn, (57)Fe, (88)Sr and (137)Ba. It was found that the LA-ICP-MS method resulted in improved precision over the solution ICP-MS method. Twenty-four raw cotton samples and five white cotton T-shirts were analyzed with the developed methods. It was also found that all the raw cotton samples from different sources were distinguishable from each other, as were all the cotton T-shirts resulting in zero type I errors and zero type II errors for the pairwise comparisons. The laser ablation method was slightly faster than the solution-based analysis, requiring approximately 3 h for the laser analysis of 10 samples vs. 3.5 h for the solution analysis, including sample preparation time. One additional advantage of the LA-ICP-MS method was the extremely low sample consumption (approximately 1.75 microg were consumed vs. 250 mg for the solution-based method) and the fact that the LA samples are amenable for reanalysis.
Salt tolerant mechanisms in single-cell C4 species Bienertia sinuspersici and Suaeda aralocaspica (Chenopodiaceae).

Abstract Suaeda aralocaspica and Bienertia sinuspersici (Chenopodiaceae), which have unusual mechanisms of C4 photosynthesis by dimorphic chloroplasts within individual chlorenchyma cells, grow in saline semi-arid desert regions in Central Asia and around the Persian Gulf. Their response to salinity was studied, along with those of the related C3 Suaeda heterophylla and Kranz (dual cell) type C4 Suaeda eltonica in subfamily Suaedoideae. Light response curves for CO2 fixation with salt treatment (200 mM NaCl) indicated these species have high tolerance to salinity. All accumulated glycine betaine (GB) which is known to protect against abiotic stress. Western blots showed that the protein levels of choline monooxygenase (CMO) and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH), enzymes catalyzing synthesis of GB from choline, increased under salt stress in both single-cell type C4 species. Their cDNAs for CMO and BADH were isolated, sequenced and phylogenetic analyses showed that CMO for both species, and BADH for B. sinuspersici, are in a clade in subfamily Suaedoideae. Results of in situ immunolocalization experiments with BADH antibody show that both chloroplast types in the single-cell C4 species and in the Kranz type C4 S. eltonica function in GB synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microanalysis showed B. sinuspersici has very prominent salt glands, which accumulate sodium chloride under salt stress, while S. aralocaspica lacks salt glands. The bases for salt tolerance in these species are discussed considering anatomical and biochemical features.
Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies on Protein Adsorption

Sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy has been successfully applied to detect orientation and conformation changes of adsorbed bovine serum albumin (BSA) molecules at different interfaces. These interfaces include BSA solution/air, BSA solution/fused silica, and BSA solution/deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) interfaces. A general thin film model has been used to interpret BSA SFG spectra. SFG spectra collected from BSA solution/air interfaces with different solution pH are quite different. Detailed analysis indicated that dramatic changes of these spectra are mainly due to the interferences between the C−H signals from interfacial BSA molecules and the O−H signals from water. This has been confirmed by spectra collected from BSA D2O solution/air interfaces. SFG studies on BSA solution/d-PS interfaces with different solution pH present similar pH dependent results. At BSA solution/fused silica interfaces, only water signals were detected. We believe that the absence of BSA signals was due to ...
Determination of cathepsin S abundance and activity in human plasma and implications for clinical investigation

Abstract There is strong experimental evidence associating cathepsin S with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, with emerging data to support its role in diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysm, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. To further our understanding of cathepsin S, we have developed a novel sandwich immunoassay to measure the mature form of cathepsin S in plasma (mean values from 12 healthy donors of 53 ± 17 ng/ml, range = 39–102). We also developed a targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) assay to measure in vitro cathepsin S activity to compare activity levels with the protein mass levels determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Interestingly, we observed that only 0.4 to 1.1% of circulating cathepsin S was enzymatically active. We subsequently demonstrated that the attenuated activity we observed resulted from binding between cathepsin S and its endogenous inhibitor cystatin C in plasma. These data were obtained through immunoprecipitation coupled with either Western blotting analysis or in-gel tryptic digestion and LC–MS/MS characterization of Coomassie-stained gel bands. Although many laboratories have explored the relationship between cathepsin S and cystatin C, this is the first study to demonstrate their association in human circulation, a finding that could prove to be important in furthering our understanding of cathepsin S biology.
IOTA interferometer project: plans, engineering, and laboratory results

The Infrared-Optical Telescope Array (IOTA) is being developed by a consortium comprising Harvard University, the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and the University of Wyoming. The instrument is intended to generate high-resolution images of astronomical objects by bringing together beams from widely separated telescopes and combining them at a central location. The initial configuration will consist of two 0.45 m telescopes thay may range along an L-shaped track that will permit spacings in the 5 to 38 m range, at the Smithsonian's Fred L. Whipple Observatory on Mt. Hopkins. Initial tests of this configuration are expected to be conducted during the summer of 1991 and to yield both valuable engineering data and the first scientific results including diameters of stars and artificial earth satellites and a measure of the extent of some circumstellar shells. The engineering data will be applied to the refinement of IOTA, particularly to the second IOTA configuration, in which a third telescope will be added, making it possible to obtain phase closure information.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pressure broadening of ClO by nitrogen

The temperature and pressure dependence of linewidths for the J = 11/2 - 9/2 and J = 15/2 - 13/2 transitions of ClO are determined by microwave spectroscopy. It is found that the widths for both transitions are the same within experimental error. The width parameter for nitrogen broadening is shown to be 3.35 + or - 0.17 MHz/torr at 317 K and 4.44 + or - 0.23 MHz/torr at 218 K.
Kinetics of high‐intensity electron‐beam polymerization of a divinyl urethane

The kinetics of high-intensity electron beam-induced polymerization of di(2′-methacryloxyethyl)-4-m-phenylenediurethane during the network formation has been studied up to complete gelation and up to 56% conversion of unsaturation. From experimentally determined gel fractions, rate of disappearance of unsaturation, kinetic chain length, and intensity dependence, it is proposed that the polymerization takes place in a swollen network where the growing chains undergo unimolecular termination, and where gel-gel reaction is prohibited. The rate expression derived is: In [α(1 − g)0.545] = In α0 − 2.51 kikpt/kt where α is the total unsaturation and g is the gel fraction. The value of kp/kt is found to be 2.1 and that of GR, the free radical yield per 100 eV absorbed, to be 16; these high values are ascribed to the high viscosity of the polymerizing system.
Self-assessed knowledge of treatment and fertility preservation in young women with breast cancer

Young women with breast cancer do not identify themselves as knowledgeable about the effect of cancer treatment on fertility or fertility preservation treatments and resources. These women need access to high-quality health information to support their participation in medical decision making about fertility preservation.
The Interaction of Spinach Nitrite Reductase with Ferredoxin: A Site-Directed Mutation Study

A series of site-directed mutants of the ferredoxin-dependent spinach nitrite reductase has been characterized and several amino acids have been identified that appear to be involved in the interaction of the enzyme with ferredoxin. In a complementary study, binding constants to nitrite reductase and steady-state kinetic parameters of site-directed mutants of ferredoxin were determined in an attempt to identify ferredoxin amino acids involved in the interaction with nitrite reductase. The results have been interpreted in terms of an in-silico docking model for the 1:1 complex of ferredoxin with nitrite reductase.
Performance as a Function of Shooting Style in Basketball Players under 11 Years of Age

Shooting style in basketball refers to the height adopted by a player in holding the ball, specifically the height of the hand and the ball with regard to the line of sight before the final extension of the elbow during a shot. The literature differentiates between a high and a low style. This study analyzed shooting frequency in young boys as a function of style and which shooting style had the highest accuracy and success in real games. Participants were 81 boys from eight basketball teams, aged 9-11 years. The sample consisted of 5,740 standard shots in 56 games. The design was nomotethic, follow-up, and multidimensional. The results indicated that low style predominated over the high style, although overall accuracy and efficacy were better using the high style. Various strategies and practical considerations are suggested for teachers and coaches to focus on teaching the high style.
A comparative study of the structure of burning sprays of number 2 and SRC-II fuel oils☆

Abstract This paper deals with a comparative-experimental study of the flame structure of the air-blast atomized sprays of number 2 fuel oil (petroleum derived) and SRC-II fuel oil (coal derived). The effects of fuel flow rate, atomizing air flow rate, and swirling air flow rate on the following flame characteristics have been studied: flame appearance and length, axial and radial profiles of temperature, concentration of major species CO 2 , H 2 O, O 2 , and CO, concentration of oxides of nitrogen and particulates, and radiant power emission. The results indicate that gross flame properties and the effects of operating variables on them in SRC-II and number 2 fuel oil flames are qualitatively similar. The magnitudes of flame radiation, particulate concentration, and nitrogen oxide concentrations are higher and peak temperatures are lower in SRC-II oil flame than in number 2 oil flame.
Novel approaches to THz sources and detectors at room temperature

The development of widely-tunable monochromatic THz sources is described. These sources are based on difference-frequency generation (DFG) in GaSe, ZnGeP2, and GaP, respectively. Using a GaSe crystal the output wavelength was tuned in the range of from 58.2 mum to 3540 mum (from 172 cm-1 to 2.82 cm-1) with the peak power reaching 209 W. On the other hand, based on DFG in a ZnGeP2 crystal the output wavelength was tuned in the ranges of 83.1-1642 mum and 80.2-1416 mum for two phase-matching configurations, respectively. The output power reached 134 W. Finally, using a GaP crystal the output wavelength was tuned in the range of 71.1-2830 mum whereas the highest peak power was 15.6 W
Early results from AIRS on the EOS

The Atmospheric IR Sounder (AIRS) on the EOS Aqua spacecraft is an IR spectrometer/radiometer which covers the 650-2700 cm -1 region of the spectrum with 2378 spectral channels. The EOS Aqua was launched on 4 May 2002 from Vandenburg AFB, California, in to a 705km high, sun synchronous orbit. First test of the radiometric calibration using the analysis of (observed-calculated) for data from a single, relatively cloud free 2500×2500 km area of the subtropical Atlantic ocean confirm absolute radiometric accuracy of better than 0.5K. The spectral information in the data also suggests that the analyzed region contained more moisture than the NCEP analysis. Based on these results we expect that the assimilation of AIRS data into the forecast to result in major medium range weather forecast improvements and that the data set recorded by AIRS during its nominal seven year lifetime will be a major resource for climate studies.
Improving education and training with IT

Findings from the review of previous empirical studies set the foundation for a conceptual model demonstrating how IT supports learning and group communications.
RECTIFICATION AND INDUCTANCE IN THE SQUID GIANT AXON

Previous measurements have shown that the electrical properties of the squid axon membrane are approximately equivalent to those of a circuit containing a capacity shunted by an inductance and a rectifier in series. Selective ion permeability of a membrane separating two electrolytes may be expected to give rise to the rectification. A quasi-crystalline piezoelectric structure of the membrane is a plausible explanation of the inductance. Some approximate calculations of behavior of an axon with these membrane characteristics have been made. Fair agreement is obtained with the observed constant current subthreshold potential and impedance during the foot of the action potential. In a simple case a formal analogy is found between the calculated membrane potential and the excitability defined by the two factor formulations of excitation. Several excitation phenomena may then be explained semi-quantitatively by further assuming the excitability proportional to the membrane potential. Some previous measurements and subthreshold potential and excitability observations are not consistent with the circuit considered and indicate that this circuit is only approximately equivalent to the membrane.
Servants to Capital: Unpaid Domestic Labor and Paid Work

The usefulness of the distinction of the "private realm" of the household vs. the "public realm" that lies outside it as a frame for understanding aspects of women's unpaid domestic labor is challenged. The paper supports the view that the unpaid involuntary domestic labor of women has been pulled into the labor process in capitalist organizations in the drive to increase profit by reducing the wage bill while at the same time encouraging consumerism. An historical case is presented of retailing where the "self-service" organization of commercial capitalism (and aspects of the service sector) resulted in both a new division of labor and in occupational change. Men sales clerks were displaced gradually by women who in turn had their work deskilled by the growth of the cashier occupation. Today, women as unpaid consumers and as paid cashiers do much of the work in buying and selling so-called white consumer durables and foods. These changes, because of the specifics of occupational changes, reinforce women'...
Symposium article: Simulation in JFL: Business writing

This article discusses a simulation wherein learners of Japanese as a Foreign Language (JFL) in a business writing course at an American university are assigned tasks to write a series of business letters based on situations that are likely to occur in actual business settings. After an overview of the theoretical background, this article describes the design and procedure of class meetings and evaluates pedagogical benefits of the activities. This article suggests that the activities in this simulation provide a suitable medium for the learners' use of keigo, kaki-kotoba/kango, and a rhetorical structure that is common in business letters. At the same time, they maintain their integrity as content-oriented tasks because of realistic situations and time constraints established by the instructor and instrumental goals that the learners pursue. In particular, they place their primary emphasis on the participating learners' performance in a socioculturally appropriate form of Japanese business correspondence.
Velocity and structure estimation of a moving object using a moving monocular camera

In this paper, we present the development of a vision-based estimator for simultaneous determination of velocity and structure of an object (i.e., the Euclidean position of its feature points) for the general case where both the object and the camera are moving relative to an inertial frame of reference. The velocity estimation itself requires no explicit kinematic model, while the adaptive structure estimator, synthesized utilizing Lyapunov design methods, is built upon kinematic relationships that rely on homography-based techniques.
Multiuser Sum MSE Minimization Relaying Strategy

In this paper, we design relay factors for multiuser amplify-and-forward (AF) relay networks where each node in the network is equipped with one antenna. The relay factors are chosen to minimize the sum of mean square error (sum-MSE) at the destinations without considering the destinations' noise. Subsequently, a filter is designed for each receiver to cancel out the effect of the destination's noise. A closed form solution is provided and shown to outperform the zero-forcing (ZF) scheme available in literature. For the case where the number of users increases, an approximate closed form solution is provided that can be implemented distributively. We investigate the average transmit power of each relay and show that as the number of users increases, relay transmit power is inversely proportional with the number of users in the network. Finally, a modified solution is provided to address the effect of channel estimation error. Simulations are provided to verify the analysis and present the performance of the proposed scheme.
Automated Lymphocyte Counts vs Manual Lymphocyte Counts in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients

Objective: This study was undertaken to determine if automated differential leukocyte counts (A-DIFF) can be used in place of manual differential leukocyte counts (M-DIFF) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. Methods: Relative and absolute automated lymphocyte counts obtained from 83 specimens from 76 CLL patients were compared with corresponding manual counts obtained by performing differential on albuminized blood smears. Means and correlation coefficients were calculated using Excel software. Results: The mean relative lymphocyte count by automated method was 73.6% as compared to 75.6% by the manual method. The mean absolute lymphocyte count by automated method was 32.1 × 10 3 /µL as opposed to 32.9 × 10 3 /µL by the manual method. The correlation coefficients were 0.928 and 0.998 for the relative lymphocyte counts and absolute lymphocyte counts, respectively. Conclusion: Automated differential leukocyte counts can be used in place of M-DIFF in CLL.
Optimum embeddings of end-around meshes into pyramid networks

To increase the utility of task-oriented or specialized parallel networks, especially those already constructed, one can simulate one parallel network on another. Of primary interest then is the lower bound on the cost of such a simulation. The authors show that end-around meshes can be mapped to pyramids with dilation two, and minimal expansion. Furthermore, they show that if all computations are synchronized using a global clock, one can achieve an effective edge congestion of one. In this manner, they remove the need for scheduling or queueing of messages since each communication link hosts at most one message path per cycle. Hence, they obtain essentially a contention-free simulation of one parallel interconnection network by another. They also prove that this embedding is optimum, i.e. end-around meshes are not subgraphs of pyramids. >
1 THz repetition rate multichannel pulse train source using an arrayed waveguide grating

1 THz repetition rate bursts of short pulses at multiple spatially separated output channels are demonstrated from a single short pulse source laser and an arrayed waveguide grating designed to have a free spectral range less than the bandwidth of the source laser.
Memory performance and affect: are there gender differences in community-residing older adults?

After age 65, the incidence of episodic memory decline in males is greater than in females. We explored the influence of anxiety and depression on objective and subjective memory performance in a diverse sample of community-residing older adults. The study was a secondary analysis of data on three samples of adults from two states, Ohio and Texas: a community sample (n = 177); a retirement community sample (n = 97); and the SeniorWISE Study (n = 265). The sample of 529 adults was 74% female, the average age was 76.58 years (range = 59‐100years),andeducationalattainmentwas13.12years(±3.68); 68% were Caucasian, and 17% had depressive symptoms. We found no memory performance differences by gender. Males and femalesweresimilarlyclassifiedintothefourmemoryperformance groups, with almost half of each gender in the poor memory category. Even though males had greater years of education, they used fewer compensatory memory strategies. The observed gender differences in memory were subjective evaluations, specifically metamemory. Age was not a significant predictor of cognition or memory performance, nor did males have greater memory impairment than females.