cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Vistas in the Pathophysiology of Vomiting

Copyright: © 2013 Darmani NA. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Vomiting (emesis) is currently viewed as a complex multi-transmitter protective reflex mechanism which has developed in diverse species to different degrees to remove toxic agents from the gastrointestinal tract prior to their absorption. Not all animals are capable of vomiting and despite extensive research, the reflex is only partially characterized [1]. Nausea is an unpleasant sensation of gastrointestinal discomfort and may accompany or precede vomiting (a forceful expulsion of gastrointestinal contents). However, both events can be experienced separately and remain a significant clinical problem. Although several animal models of emesis are available in the laboratory, only few such models exist for the study of nausea. Thus, our knowledge of nausea, its related brain-gut circuit(s), associated neurotransmitters, and pathophysiology is even more limited with no noteworthy anti-nausea agent available in the clinic. In fact the severity of chemotherapy-induced vomiting can be controlled to a significant extent by combined antiemetic regimens, but control of nausea still remains a persistent problem. Retching is rhythmically alternating abdomino-thoracic contractions (with the glottis closed), and is also associated with emesis. Nausea, retching and vomiting are hallmarks of several gastrointestinal disorders including gastroenteritis, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, hyperemesis gravidarum, and cyclic vomiting syndrome. Conditions such as pregnancy, motion, space sickness, and surgery are also accompanied by nausea, retching and vomiting. Likewise, vomiting and associated behaviours can develop as a specific response to treatments such as radiation or chemotherapy, or appear as side effect of numerous clinically used drugs such as antidepressants, opiates, cholineesterase inhibitors, L-DOPA, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, and cardiac glycosides. In addition, vomiting can be a response generated by cognitive, visual, flavour or CNS disorders including anxiety and stress. Prolonged emesis induces severe dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and even death which are features for human rotavirus disease as well as cholera and staphylococcal food-borne infections. The current literature identifies no specific antiemetic that works for all types of vomiting, or in all patients suffering from a specific type of emesis. Thus, treatment tends to be based on individual clinicians’ experience and time after time combination antiemetic regimens are needed to manage patients successfully. Even with combination regimens certain kinds of emesis such as chemotherapyinduced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can only be completely controlled in 70-80% of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.
Abstract 1797: Differential gene expression profiles of FFPE samples with SensationPlus™ and GeneChip™ arrays.

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples represent a largely untapped wealth of information on the transcriptional states of clinically archived materials for retrospective studies. Although the RNA is degraded during fixation and storage and has been considered unusable, Affymetrix has developed SensationPlus™, a target-preparation method that allows transcriptional profiling from 20 ng of FFPE total RNA using GeneChip™ arrays. We will demonstrate that SensationPlus™ expression profiles from decade old FFPE materials are extremely similar to data from their matched fresh frozen (FF) RNA counterparts. Citation Format: Sangpen Chamnongpol, Andrea Ujvari, Olga Kourennaia, Kim Myers, Lisa Bowers, Jesse Fisher, Marc Post, Chris Kubu. Differential gene expression profiles of FFPE samples with SensationPlus™ and GeneChip™ arrays. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1797. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1797
The Research of Knowledge-based NetworkConfiguration Management Model

With the rapid increase in complexity of Network Fault Management, it becomes necessary to incorporate self-managing features into Network Configuration Management. In this paper, author will show an approach to build knowledge-based application, together with the use of object-oriented and component technologies, which is used to construct a Network Configuration Change Management Model. The Model implements the self-managing of the network configuration change and improves the simplicity and convenience and manageability of the Network Management System.
Stress fractures of the femoral neck

Stress fractures of the femoral neck are often mismanaged, due to their banal or misleading clinical presentation, particularly in the elderly. These fractures could be secondary to an excessive mechanical stress (so-called fatigue fractures), or to a weakened bone resistance (so-called insufficiency fractures), or both. Plain radiographs are mostly useless to an early diagnosis. For this purpose, bone scintiscan and MR Imaging have a much better sensitivity, though their specificity is not absolute. Late diagnosis leads to an increased risk of complete fracture, requiring orthopedic surgery. By contrast, incomplete early-recognized fractures usually heal within few weeks on bedrest. Stress fractures of the femoral neck should be actually considered as a "menace syndrome" of femoral neck fracture, and therefore need a quick appropriate management.
The Effect of Terazosin on Bladder Function in the Spinal Cord Injured Patient

AbstractWe prospectively studied the effect of terazosin on bladder compliance in 12 spinal cord injured patients. All study patients had demonstrated previously poor compliance despite clean intermittent catheterization and maximum anticholinergic therapy. Patients were started on 5mg. terazosin nightly for 4 weeks. They were evaluated with a history, physical examination, symptom score, and synchronous cystoscopy and cystometry before, during and after terazosin therapy.Detrusor compliance improved in all patients during the treatment phase. The change in bladder pressure and the safe bladder volume were statistically and clinically significant. Patients also reported fewer episodes of incontinence and dysreflexia. The improvement in compliance and continence suggests that in the spinal cord injured patient terazosin may have an effect on a receptors in the detrusor muscle or central effects and that improved compliance is not due to decreased outlet resistance.
Interhemispheric Asymmetry in Distribution of Infarct Lesions among Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Presenting to Hospital.

Backgrounds This study aimed to investigate the possible asymmetric distribution of acute ischemic infarct lesions between patients with right-sided stroke versus left-sided stroke. Methods Acute ischemic stroke patients with unilateral infarct who underwent magnetic resonance imaging scan within 24 hours of onset were included. Infarct lesions were segmented on diffusion-weighted-imaging series and coregistered on the MNI-152 brain map. After flipping all lesions to the left side, voxel-based analysis was performed to evaluate for asymmetric distribution of infarct lesions using the stroke side as an independent variable. Symptom severity at admission was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, and early clinical outcome with the modified Rankin Scale score at discharge. Results Of the 218 patients included in this study, 110 had right-sided ischemic infarcts whereas 108 had left-sided ischemic infarcts. There was no significant difference between patients with right-sided stroke versus left-sided stroke in terms of admission symptom severity, rate of treatment, stroke risk factors, and early clinical outcome. However, voxel-based analysis showed that ischemic infarcts of insular ribbon and lentiform nucleus were asymmetrically more common on the left-sided stroke compared to the right-sided stroke. The admission symptoms were more severe among patients with left insular ribbon and lentiform nucleus infarct compared to those with infarction of mirrored right anatomical regions ( P = .019). Conclusions Acute ischemic infarcts of the left insular ribbon and lentiform nucleus are asymmetrically more common compared to mirrored counterpart regions, presumably due to more severe symptoms at presentation. Otherwise, distribution of symptomatic infarcts to the rest of the brain is roughly symmetric.
Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common complication, occurs in up to 30% of all patients in cardiac surgery and requires dialysis in approximately 2% of patients. The development of AKI after cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. AKI is caused by a variety of factors, including nephrotoxins, hypoxia, mechanical trauma, inflammation, cardiopulmonary bypass and hemodynamic instability and it may be affected by the clinician’s choice of fluids and vasoactive agents as well as the transfusion strategy used. More timely diagnosis would allow for earlier intervention and could improve patient outcomes. Currently, there are no active treatments for AKI. Therefore, In-depth knowledge of the risk factors and pathogenesis for AKI offers some guidance for the prevention and management of AKI. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2015; 30(2) : 78-86
Bone Spared Myeloma.

Abstract SCI-6 After many years, the precise role of the bone microenvironment in the initiation and progression of myeloma is still quite poorly understood. In part, this may be because it has such a complex but important role in the natural history of myeloma. Myeloma cells have dramatic effects on bone, which are well known. These effects are mediated by the effects of myeloma cells on the cells responsible for the normal bone remodeling cycle. What is less well appreciated is the effects of bone and its cellular constituents on the myeloma cells. It is apparent that myeloma cells interact closely with osteoclasts, osteoblasts and also marrow stromal cells in the bone microenvironment and these interactions probably lead to a change in the phenotype of the myeloma cells, and the subsequent production of factors that are associated with the bone destruction which is so common in myeloma. It is also becoming more appreciated that the actual quality of bone and its rigidity and integrity may have important effects on the myeloma cells. The bone loss associated with myeloma and the interaction of myeloma cells with host cells in the bone microenvironment seem to be local effects rather than generalized effects. The bone manifestations of myeloma, even at the clinical level, are still not well understood. For example, it is extremely likely that generalized osteoporosis is far more common in myeloma than is appreciated and occurs even in the presence of lytic bone lesions, and that bone mass may continue to decline in patients in remission. In experimental preclinical models of myeloma, it is quite apparent that modulation of the bone microenvironment has quite dramatic effects on the behavior of the myeloma cells and so the notion if the bone disease of myeloma could be abrogated or removed, the natural history of the neoplastic disease may be very different. Experiments are underway in the preclinical models to investigate this intriguing possibility. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
MAGNET's Integrated Network Architecture

The network architecture of NMAGNET, a testbed for integrated local area networks, is presented. The system architecture consists of integrated workstations, control and communication subsystems, and gateways. The network architecture incorporates this organization at the system level and represents an instance of the Integrated Reference Model previously proposed by the authors. It provides resource management, connection management and control, and user information flows in logically separate planes. Protocols supporting the control subsystem are organized in the (M)-Plane, while the protocols supporting the communication subsystem are embedded in the (C)-and (U)-Planes. The requlirements of the different traffic classes are quantified by a set of attributes to guarantee specified performance measures.
Towards a cyber-medical model for device configuration safety in acute care

The safety and efficacy of acute patient care depends on continuously proper use of medical monitoring and therapeutic devices. The device configuration safety depends on the rapidly changing patient condition. Therefore, the constraints to be enforced must be adapted dynamically. In this paper, we model the patient condition as communicating organ state machines, and the change of patient condition is modeled as the transition between organ states. The states are represented based on a pathophysiological model, which captures the changes in organ states as a results of one or more diseases. Applying the proposed patient state representation, we have a different set of device configuration requirements for each state. We introduce a new process for runtime validation of monitoring/ therapeutic configuration safety requirements using the proposed communicating organ state machines. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach using a cardiac arrest scenario.
Five Micron High Resolution MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging with Simple, Interchangeable, Multi-Resolution Optical System.

High-spatial resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is crucial for the mapping of chemical distributions at the cellular and subcellular level. In this work, we improved our previous laser optical system for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-MSI, from ~9 μm practical laser spot size to a practical laser spot size of ~4 μm, thereby allowing for 5 μm resolution imaging without oversampling. This is accomplished through a combination of spatial filtering, beam expansion, and reduction of the final focal length. Most importantly, the new laser optics system allows for simple modification of the spot size solely through the interchanging of the beam expander component. Using 10×, 5×, and no beam expander, we could routinely change between ~4, ~7, and ~45 μm laser spot size, in less than 5 min. We applied this multi-resolution MALDI-MSI system to a single maize root tissue section with three different spatial resolutions of 5, 10, and 50 μm and compared the differences in imaging quality and signal sensitivity. We also demonstrated the difference in depth of focus between the optical systems with 10× and 5× beam expanders.
Breast cancer screening in patients with cancers other than breast

Screening mammography can detect early breast cancers and reduce subsequent cancer mortality. However, there is a lack of consensus as to when to discontinue screening. The absence of clear-cut guidelines on when not to screen means that many patients with advanced malignancies continue screening despite unclear benefit. We performed a retrospective cohort study of female patients diagnosed with a non-breast malignancy to explore the incidence and effects of screening mammography. Female patients diagnosed with a non-breast malignancy stage II or higher between 2007 and 2012 were identified through the Vermont Cancer Registry and cross-referenced with mammography screening logs from January 1, 2007 to September 30, 2014. Additional data were collected through chart review, in May 2016. Twenty-six percent of women (398/1501) with a stage II or greater cancer (other than breast) diagnosed between 2007 and 2012 had a screening mammogram within the first 5 years of their diagnosis. Of these 398 women, 193 (48.5%) were alive without cancer, 132 (33.2%) had died, and 73 (18.3%) were alive with cancer at the time of chart review. Of those who died, 84 (63.6%) had a stage III or IV cancer. Eighteen (4.5%) had a breast biopsy following a screening mammogram suspicious for cancer, resulting in 13 (3.3%) benign diagnoses and 5 (1.3%) breast cancer diagnoses. No patient died of breast cancer. Except for highly curable cancers, female patients diagnosed with an advanced non-breast malignancy experienced mortality that outweighs a breast cancer mortality benefit from screening mammography as estimated from prior studies.
Determining Taphonomic Controls and Rates of Decay in Cave Environments Using Microcosms

Abstract Caves are important sites of fossil preservation, especially for Quaternary vertebrates. Taphonomic processes operating in caves are not well understood and have never been experimentally examined. This study focuses on the potential role of bat guano, which impacts environmental biogeochemistry and serves as the base of the food chain in cave ecosystems. The presence or absence of guano is expected to be a major control of preservation potential in caves. Bats first appear in the fossil record in the early Eocene so bat guano likely influenced cave preservation only during the Cenozoic. This is a probable megabias of the cave fossil record. Microcosm experiments were used to determine the impact of guano presence and composition, moisture, temperature, and time on preservation potential of small mammal bones, leaves, and crickets. Guano came from insectivorous and frugivorous bats. The guano of insectivorous bats has an acidic pH, while the guano of frugivorous bats is close to neutral. Lab stud...
Grassroots vs. Big Oil: Measure P and the fight to ban fracking in Santa Barbara County, California

In 2014, volunteers in Santa Barbara County, California, collected over 20,000 signatures in three weeks to qualify an anti-fracking initiative for the November election. The initiative, Measure P, met over six million dollars in opposition from oil corporations. Despite mobilizing 1,000 volunteers, the proponents of the measure failed to garner enough votes for success. Drawing on 43 in-depth interviews and participant observation with environmental groups before, during, and after the campaign, this article examines the strengths and weaknesses of grassroots organizing behind Measure P. Organizers, especially during the signature drive, successfully garnered broad-based support in the southern part of the county, an affluent and tourist-dependent area with no onshore oil drilling. Messages based on water, made more salient by California9s historic drought, resonated with many residents. Yet, after qualifying for the ballot, proponents of the campaign allied with the local Democratic Party, changing their organizing practices and forestalling bipartisan support. Outreach to Latinos in all areas of the county, and particularly in the northern part, where onshore drilling takes place, was limited. Finally, the overwhelming inequality between the financial power of proponents and the oil industry influenced the outcome. Based on this case, I argue that coalition building and groundwork to develop support within all sectors of communities, especially those most dependent on fossil fuel extraction, is critical to strengthening grassroots efforts that challenge the energy status quo.
A Case of Interdisciplinary Course Project: Costuming in Historically based Film

This interdisciplinary project exhibits the possibilities of combined creative efforts between students in apparel design and telecommunications. The particular project between student film director and myself as a costume designer was initiated by the need to fulfill our own respective independent study courses held in spring 2016. By combining the skill sets of a director, cinematographer, actors, and costumers to name a few, we are engaging in a production that comes close to professional working experience. This report follows the creative process using a three-stage design model: 1) Problem definition & research, 2) Creative Exploration, and 3) Implementation (Labat & Sokolowski, 1999). This collaborative project explores ways of dealing with challenges such as limited time, historical authenticity, and working in front of a green screen. Overall, this interdisciplinary project will leave a synergy between two departments and a creative historical narrative that will last long after the credits have rolled.
Treatment of hypertension in patients with renal disease.

Management of hypertension in people with kidney disease is challenging and generally requires at least three different and complementary acting antihypertensive agents to achieve the recommended blood pressure goal by the JNC VI and WHO guidelines of <130/85 mmHg. This is also true for the recent blood pressure goal for diabetes of <130/80 mmHg recommended by both the National Kidney Foundation and American Diabetes Association for reduction of cardiovascular risk and preservation of kidney function. Commonly used combinations include an ACE inhibitor, which has compelling indications for use in people with kidney disease with a diuretic, generally a thiazide type agent. Angiotensin receptor blockers have clearly shown effectiveness for slowing nephropathy progression in Type 2 diabetes and clearly have a role as first-line agents in that disease. If additional therapy is required, either a beta blocker or calcium antagonist may be added to this antihypertensive 'cocktail'. Beta blockers are particularly effective in people with a high sympathetic drive, i.e. high pulse rates, to lower pressure and reduce cardiovascular risk. Moreover, in recent studies their benefits on kidney function both by reducing proteinuria and slowing decline of kidney function make them good agents to add in the appropriate clinical setting. Given recent data from an analysis of the NHANES III database showing only 11% of people being treated for hypertension with diabetic kidney disease have achieved the blood pressure goal of <130/85 mmHg, it's no wonder the incidence of people starting dialysis continues to climb. Physicians need to work harder and educate patients on the importance of achieving these lower blood pressure guidelines.
Awareness as a Moderator for P2P Payment Adoption

Objective . The purpose of this research is to investigate technology awareness as a moderating factor in person-to-person (P2P) payment adoption through a modiﬁed Uniﬁed Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. Method . This study utilizes a survey instrument deployed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) to investigate eight constructs (IVs) on behavioural intent (DV) to adopt P2P payments. Data analysis is done using Structural Equation Modeling to conﬁrm path signiﬁcance between constructs and behavioural intent. Findings . The results show technology awareness negatively moderates social inﬂuence on adoption of P2P payments. When technology awareness as a moderator is low, social inﬂuence is signiﬁcant in inﬂuencing adoption. When technology awareness is high, social inﬂuence is minimal. Additionally, awareness is also a strong antecedent in behavioural intent to adopt P2P payments. The research also indicates the relationship between eﬀort expectancy and performance expectancy is conﬁrmed within the investigative framework. The results also indicate facilitating conditions, attitude toward use and visibility are also signiﬁcant antecedents to behavioural intent to adopt P2P payments. These ﬁndings are noteworthy in understanding P2P payment adoption across a wide demographic. In areas that lag in P2P payment adoption, social inﬂuence might be used to increase behavioural intent through mechanisms such as social media. Value . This study diﬀerentiates itself from limited research on banking technology adoption in that it explores P2P payment adoption speciﬁcally. The research utilizes a modiﬁed theoretical framework for technology adoption and includes awareness as a moderating variable. The ﬁndings suggest P2P payment adoption can be increased when awareness is low through social inﬂuence. In addition, a novel approach for survey deployment (Amazon MTurk) was conducted and the results indicate a high degree of sample data quality consistent with previous research.
Bond behavior of epoxy-coated rebar in ultra-high performance concrete

Abstract The bond behavior of epoxy-coated rebar embedded in two different ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) mixtures is experimentally investigated by a uniaxial pullout test, and the effect of embedment length, side cover, and mixture type on the bond stress-slip relationship is predicted using a double-phase analytical model. The bond mechanism and failure modes of rebar in UHPC are similar to those observed in normal concrete. The embedment length and side cover have significant influence on the bond behavior of epoxy-coated rebar in UHPC, and more drastic bond stress hardening and softening are observed for the case of larger embedment length and side cover. Two UHPC mixtures exhibit comparable bond strength and critical development length because they have close mechanical properties gained at test age. The adopted analytical model matches well with the experimental bond-slip response of epoxy-coated rebar in UHPC, and both the characteristic parameters in the model show an increasing trend when more dramatic hardening and softening of bond stress exhibit.
Destiny: The Secret Operations of the Yodogō Exiles

If, as is widely understood, the Japanese public wondered little for three decades (or wondered only despairingly) about the fate of the nine Japanese student/radicals who in the early spring of 19...
Stimulating spalting in sugar maple using sub-lethal doses of copper

Copper II is a common fungicide, especially in wood preservative formulations. Published research has noted fungal stimulation when fungi are subjected to sub-lethal amounts of copper ions. In this paper, the use of copper salts to stimulate spalting, as measured by fungal pigment production is investigated. At 1.0 kg/m3 copper sulfate, Xylaria polymorpha increased external zone lines when grown on sugar maple (Acer saccharum). Use of this experimental method to produce spalted wood should yield increased external spalting without an associated increased loss in machinability.
Prioritization of pandemic influenza vaccine: rationale and strategy for decision making.

Few catastrophes can compare with the global impact of a severe influenza pandemic. The 1918–1919 pandemic was associated with more than 500,000 deaths in the USA and an estimated 20–40 million deaths worldwide, though some place the global total much higher. In an era when infectious disease mortality had been steadily decreasing, the 1918–1919 pandemic caused a large spike in overall population mortality, temporarily reversing decades of progress. The US Department of Health and Human Services, extrapolating from the 1918–1919 pandemic to the current US population size and demographics, has estimated that a comparable pandemic today would result in almost two million deaths.
Validation of Pre-operative Patient Self-Assessment of Cardiac Risk for Non-Cardiac Surgery: Foundations for Decision Support

Objectives To better characterize patient understanding of their risk of cardiac complications from non-cardiac surgery and to develop a patient driven clinical decision support system for preoperative patient risk management. Methods A patient-driven preoperative self-assessment decision support tool for perioperative assessment was created. Patient' self-perception of cardiac risk and self-report data for risk factors were compared with gold standard preoperative physician assessment to evaluate agreement. Results The patient generated cardiac risk profile was used for risk score generation and had excellent agreement with the expert physician assessment. However, patient subjective self-perception risk of cardiovascular complications had poor agreement with expert assessment. Conclusion A patient driven cardiac risk assessment tool provides a high degree of agreement with expert provider assessment demonstrating clinical feasibility. The limited agreement between provider risk assessment and patient self-perception underscores a need for further work including focused preoperative patient education on cardiac risk.
A New Method for Testing Re-Programmable PLAs

We present a method for obtaining a minimal set of test configurations and their associated set of test patterns that completely tests re-programmable Programmable Logic Arrays (PLAs) including EEPROM, UV-EPROM, and SRAM based re-programmable PLAs typically found in Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs). The resultant set of test configurations and vectors detect all single and multiple stuck-at faults (including line and transistor faults) as well as all bridging faults in the PLA. Previously proposed test methods proposed for EEPROM based PLAs (IEEE Trans. on CAD, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp.935–939, 1994;Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI Systems, 1998, pp. 146–154) require additional test hardware as well as a large number of test configurations and vectors for complete testing. Our approach requires no modification to the PLA and only two or four test configurations, depending on the ratio of PLA product terms to inputs.
Accomplishments and Future Challenges: An IGAC Panel Discussion

Thje First IGAC Scientific Conference ended with a final panel session intended to assess current progress and future prospects. Ronald Prinn moderated the discussion, introducing the six panelists: Paul Crutzen, Max-Plank Institut fur Chemie, Germany ian Galbally, C.S.I.R.O., Australia Pamela Matson, university of California, Berkeley, USA Henning Rodhe, University of Stockholm, Sweden Eugenio Sanhueza, I.V.I.C., venezuela Ronald Prinn, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
The Harkness Gift to Phillips Exeter

“Sitting in a group about a table instead of in formal rows of seats has abolished almost completely the stiff duality which used to obtain between instructor and class,” says the writer.
Mental status evaluation in older adults with cancer: Development of the Mental Health Index-13

Abstract Objectives The Mental Health Index (MHI) is widely used as a measure of mental health status, but has not been evaluated in the geriatric oncology population. This study evaluated the MHI-17 in a geriatric oncology population, to establish validity and scoring rules. Materials and Methods The Carolina Senior Registry ( NCT01137825 ) was used to obtain data for 686 patients with cancer 65 and older who completed the MHI-17. The 17-item patient-reported measure produces one total score summing across four domains: anxiety, depression, positive affect, and sense of belonging. Cronbach's alpha (α), confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), item-response theory (IRT) analyses, and differential item functioning (DIF) analyses were used to evaluate internal consistency and validity. Results and Discussion The revised MHI retained the 13 best-fitting items from the MHI-17 and resulted in a final model that included two subscales: anxiety (four items, RMSEA 0.11; CFI 0.99; TLI 0.98) and depression (9 items, RMSEA 0.10; CFI 0.96; TL 0.95). IRT analyses of the four anxiety items indicated good fit (RMSEA 0.08) and precise measurement of adults with poor mental health, and the nine depression items also fit well (RMSEA 0.05). No meaningful differences were found by sex, education, or treatment stage. Scores were developed to provide meaningful norms. The new MHI-13 is a shorter, more accurate way to assess mental health in older adults with cancer and most importantly allows clinicians to separately identify anxiety and/or depression - a clinically important distinction as treatment differs among these two types of mental health impairment.
The Impact of Social Class on the Ownership of Consumer Durable Goods in Mexico

Path analysis is used to test four hypotheses to evaluate the effects of social class, education, occupation, and income on innovativeness (i.e., the ownership of consumer durable goods). To attain the objective of this empirical study a cross-sectional survey has been conducted in the city of Monterrey, Mexico. The findings confirm all four hypotheses. It is concluded that economic success results in conspicious consumption of consumer durables and that modern lifestyles are essentially the result of this upward social progression. A discussion of the findings and implications for action by marketing scholars and marketing practititioners in LDCs are also included. These implications indicate clearly a number of avenues wide open in dealing with international markets in LDCs.
Health Considerations for HIV-Infected International Travelers

International travel continues to steadily increase, including leisure travel, travel to one’s country of origin to visit friends and relatives, travel for service work, and business travel. Travelers with HIV may have an increased risk for travel-associated infections. The pre-travel medical consultation is an important means of assessing one’s risk for travel-related health issues. The aim of this review is to provide an update on key health considerations for the HIV-infected traveler. Like all travelers, the HIV-infected traveler should adhere to behavioral precautions, including safety measures with food and water consumption, safe sexual practices, and arthropod bite avoidance. HIV is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism and patients should be educated regarding this risk. Most pre-travel vaccines are safe and immunogenic in HIV-infected individuals, though live vaccines should be avoided in patients with low CD4 counts. Malaria chemoprophylaxis is strongly recommended in patients with HIV traveling to endemic areas and no significant interactions exist between the commonly used prophylactic anti-malarial agents and anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Travelers with HIV, particularly those who are not on ART or who have low CD4 cell counts, may have increased risk for tuberculosis, malaria, enteric infections, visceral leishmaniasis, American trypanosomiasis, and endemic mycoses such as histoplasmosis, talaromycosis, and coccidioidomycosis. The immune status of the HIV-infected traveler should be assessed prior to travel along with the duration, itinerary, and activities planned during travel in order to carefully consider individual risk for travel-related health issues.
Rotary ultrasonic surface machining of CFRP composites: Effects of horizontal ultrasonic vibration

Abstract Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites are popular in many industries due to their superior properties. However, many problems, including high cutting forces, high tool wear, high surface roughness, etc., are generated in conventional surface grinding (CSG) processes, due to the carbon fibers’ abrasive property as well as the inhomogeneous and anisotropic properties of CFRPs. Rotary ultrasonic surface machining (RUSM) with vertical ultrasonic vibration has been proven to be effective to reduce cutting forces. However, this process produces larger surface roughness than CSG because of vertical ultrasonic vibration. To solve this issue, RUSM with horizontal ultrasonic vibration is developed in this investigation. The comparisons between CSG and RUSM with horizontal ultrasonic vibration are conducted. The kinematic motions of abrasive grains in both processes are discussed and analyzed. Effects of input variables (including tool rotation speed, feedrate, and depth of cut) on output variables (including cutting forces and surface roughness) are also investigated in both CSG and RUSM processes. RUSM with horizontal ultrasonic vibration is proven to be an effective machining method for reducing cutting forces and simultaneously improving machined surface quality.
Single-made fiber-optic components

Optical systems composed of single-mode fiber are finding increasing utility as high-bandwidth transmission systems, interferometers, and sensors. To exploit fully the advantages of a single-mode system, it is desirable that the light be guided by the fiber along the entire optical path.
Predicting Bobsled Pushing Ability From Various Combine Testing Events.

The requisite combination of speed, power, and strength necessary for a bobsled push athlete coupled with the difficulty in directly measuring pushing ability makes selecting effective push crews challenging. Current practices by USA Bobsled and Skeleton use field combine testing to assess and identify specifically selected performance variables in an attempt to best predict push performance abilities. Combine data consisting of 11 physical performance variables were collected from 75 subjects across 2 winter Olympic qualification years (2009 and 2013). These variables were sprints of 15, 30, and 60 m, a flying 30-m sprint, a standing broad jump, a shot toss, squat, power clean, body mass, and dry-land brake and side bobsled pushes. Discriminant analysis (DA) in addition to principle component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate 2 cases (case 1: Olympians vs. non-Olympians; case 2: National Team vs. non-National Team). Using these 11 variables, DA led to a classification rule that proved capable of identifying Olympians from non-Olympians and National Team members from non-National Team members with 9.33 and 14.67% misclassification rates, respectively. The PCA was used to find similar test variables within the combine that provided redundant or useless data. After eliminating the unnecessary variables, DA on the new combinations showed that 8 (case 1) and 20 (case 2) other combinations with fewer performance variables yielded misclassification rates as low as 6.67 and 13.33%, respectively. Using fewer performance variables can allow governing bodies in many other sports to create more appropriate combine testing that maximize accuracy while minimizing irrelevant and redundant strategies.
Open Educational Resources from the Innovative Resources for Instructional Success Center.

Since their launch in 2002, open educational resources (OER) developed by the Innovative Resources for Instructional Success, better known as the IRIS Center, have become a staple of teacher prepar...
Genetic Approaches to Memory

Genetic approaches have been extensively used in memory studies, from investigations of basic mechanisms of memory function to experiments designed to understand the mechanisms responsible for cognitive deficits. The approaches used vary and are under constant development, but can be divided into two major categories. Forward genetic studies are focused on the identification of genes responsible for memory processes of interest, including the discovery of genetic mutations that account for inherited disorders that affect cognitive function. These studies usually start with the identification of interesting memory phenotypes, and their aim is to identify and isolate the gene(s) responsible for those phenotypes. In contrast, reverse genetic studies, as the name implies, start with candidate genes that may be involved in memory, and the goal is to discover and understand the possible memory phenotypes (i.e., the function) associated with that gene. Reverse genetic studies involve the study of organisms with defined genetic changes. Although originally the goal of genetic approaches to memory was to understand the connections between genes and memory phenotypes, recently these approaches have been used to probe memory theories that go well beyond the function of the genes being manipulated.
106-LB: Single Ascending Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of MK-1092 in Subjects with T1DM and T2DM

Background: MK-1092, a first-in-class insulin receptor partial agonist, is being developed as a novel basal insulin to treat diabetes. Primary objectives were to assess safety and tolerability of single subcutaneous (SC) doses of MK-1092 in T1DM and T2DM and to determine safe single SC doses of MK-1092 in T1DM with a maximum glucose infusion rate (GIRmax) between 1.5 and 4.5 mg/kg/min. Secondary objectives were to estimate PK profiles in T1DM and T2DM and to determine the GIRmax in T2DM. Methods: All subjects received blinded treatments of MK-1092 or glargine and placebo matched to the alternative active treatment under euglycemic clamp conditions. T1DM: 2 cohorts (n=8/cohort) were each randomized (3:1) to receive MK-1092 (8 nmol/kg in cohort 1 or 32 nmol/kg in cohort 2) or glargine (3 nmol/kg [0.5 units/kg]). T2DM: 1 cohort (n=9) was randomized to receive either MK-1092 (n=6) or glargine (n=3). Each subject underwent 3 dosing periods. MK-1092 was dosed at 32, 16 and 64 nmol/kg in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively and glargine was dosed at 3 nmol/kg in all periods. Results: All doses tested were safe and well tolerated. There were no SAEs or discontinuations due to AEs. AEs were mild or moderate and resolved spontaneously. No anti-MK-1092 or anti-insulin antibodies were observed. In T1DM, the geometric mean of apparent terminal t1/2 was 8.54 and 6.70 hr; Tmax was 15.00 and 15.04 hr; AUC0-∞ was 21.5 and 74.9 nM*hr and Cmax was 0.79 and 3.43 nM for 8 and 32 nmol/kg MK-1092, respectively. PK parameters for 32 nmol/kg MK-1092 were comparable for T1DM and T2DM except for a ~40-50% lower AUC0-∞ and Cmax in T2DM. In T1DM, the mean GIRmax was 1.33 and 2.74 mg/kg/min for 8 and 32 nmol/kg MK-1092, respectively and 2.32 mg/kg/min for glargine. In T2DM, the mean GIRmax was 1.90, 1.40 and 2.83 mg/kg/min for 32, 16 and 64 nmol/kg MK-1092, respectively and ~ 1.2 mg/kg/min for glargine. Conclusion: Single doses of MK-1092 are well-tolerated and lower glucose in patients with diabetes. Disclosure L. Morrow: Employee; Spouse/Partner; Lilly Diabetes. Employee; Self; ProSciento. M. Grimm: None. C. Beysen: Employee; Self; ProSciento. G. Walford: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. K. Duncan: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. P.K. Mitra: Employee; Self; Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Bristol-Myers Squibb. P. Vaddady: Employee; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Merck & Co., Inc. M. Hompesch: Board Member; Self; ProSciento. Employee; Self; ProSciento. Stock/Shareholder; Self; ProSciento.
The role of Nodal and Cripto‐1 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common epithelial malignancy of the oral cavity. Nodal and Cripto-1 (CR-1) are important developmental morphogens expressed in several adult cancers and are associated with disease progression. Whether Nodal and CR-1 are simultaneously expressed in the same tumor and how this affects cancer biology are unclear. We investigate the expression and potential role of both Nodal and CR-1 in human OSCC. Immunohistochemistry results show that Nodal and CR-1 are both expressed in the same human OSCC sample and that intensity of Nodal staining is correlated with advanced-stage disease. However, this was not observed with CR-1 staining. Western blot analysis of lysates from two human OSCC line experiments shows expression of CR-1 and Nodal, and their respective signaling molecules, Src and ERK1/2. Treatment of SCC25 and SCC15 cells with both Nodal and CR-1 inhibitors simultaneously resulted in reduced cell viability and reduced levels of P-Src and P-ERK1/2. Further investigation showed that the combination treatment with both Nodal and CR-1 inhibitors was capable of reducing invasiveness of SCC25 cells. Our results show a possible role for Nodal/CR-1 function during progression of human OSCC and that targeting both proteins simultaneously may have therapeutic potential.
A clinical calculator for predicting intraoperative blood loss and transfusion risk in spine tumor patients.

Abstract BACKGROUND CONTEXT Surgery for vertebral column tumors is commonly associated with intraoperative blood loss (IOBL) exceeding 2 liters and the need for transfusion of allogeneic blood products. Transfusion of allogeneic blood, while necessary, is not benign, and has been associated with increased rates of wound complication, venous thromboembolism, delirium, and death. PURPOSE To develop a prediction tool capable of predicting IOBL and risk of requiring allogeneic transfusion in patients undergoing surgery for vertebral column tumors. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Retrospective, single-center study. PATIENT SAMPLE Consecutive series of 274 patients undergoing 350 unique operations for primary or metastatic spinal column tumors over a 46-month period at a comprehensive cancer center OUTCOME MEASURES IOBL (in mL), use of intraoperative blood products, and intraoperative blood products transfused. METHODS We identified IOBL and transfusions, along with demographic data, preoperative laboratory data, and surgical procedures performed. Independent predictors of IOBL and transfusion risk were identified using multivariable regression. RESULTS Mean age at surgery was 57.0±13.6 years, 53.1% were male, and 67.1% were treated for metastatic lesions. Independent predictors of IOBL included en bloc resection (p https://jhuspine3.shinyapps.io/TRUST/ ). CONCLUSIONS Here we present the first clinical calculator for intraoperative blood loss and transfusion risk in patients being treated for primary or metastatic vertebral column tumors. Surgical invasiveness and preoperative microcytic anemia most strongly predict transfusion risk. The resultant calculators may prove clinically useful for surgeons counseling patients about their individual risk of requiring allogeneic transfusion.
Using an Advanced Distribution Management System Test Bed to Evaluate the Impact of Model Quality on Volt/VAR Optimization

In this paper, we present a test bed for evaluating existing and future advanced distribution management system (ADMS) applications in a realistic laboratory setting, including other utility management systems and field equipment. We present an example of using it to evaluate the impact of the ADMS network model quality on a Volt/ VAR optimization (VVO) application. The test bed integrates a commercial ADMS with a real-time simulation model of a utility distribution feeder. Representative power and controller hardware are integrated through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) techniques. Initial results indicate that a higher model quality achieves the highest possible energy savings while avoiding voltage exceedances, whereas a lower model quality results in increased energy savings but at the expense of more voltage exceedances.
Authentic Leadership in a Digital World

The business environment abounds with turbulence, seeing that new technologies and the global pandemic have disrupted traditional business operations. Advanced technologies and rapid modes of communication along with the shift to virtual environments in response to the global pandemic have acted as catalysts for change. Communication technologies that include Web 2.0 technologies shifted the ways individuals communicate. For this collaboration to take place, leaders must adopt new skills that are relevant and effective in a digital environment. Due to the shift in information access, more people are demanding that leaders demonstrate authentic leadership. Stakeholders expect organizations and leaders to demonstrate a higher level of authenticity and transparency. This chapter examines the evolution of digital business strategies. As well as the components of digital transparency and authenticity along with challenges to digital transparency and authenticity.
Assessing change in suicidal ideation intensity for youth in treatment for pediatric bipolar disorder

Objective:Suicidal ideation (SI) is significantly higher for youth with pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD), yet clinical correlates of suicidality remain poorly understood in this population. The cur...