cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of gender on student performance in an introduction to operating systems course

Online courses are becoming more and more popular in postsecondary education, including computer science (CS) departments. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature regarding whether online course delivery results in equivalent, better, or worse learning achievement for female vs. male students. A previous study of student performance in a sophomore-level Introduction to Operating Systems course that was converted from a face-to-face lecture class to online delivery showed some improvement in overall student performance on tests after the course went online, but not enough to establish statistical significance. The current study considers the performance of students in the online operating systems course by gender. Analysis of test and final exam scores in the online course reveals that female students - while comprising only about a 13% minority of the overall sample - slightly outperformed their male counterparts, although not by a statistically significant margin. This result supports the notion that inclusion of online courses within the computer science curriculum is not likely to result in gender discrimination against women. Rather, the fact that women perform at least as well as men in online CS courses could potentially be valuable information for recruiting female students and addressing the "gender gap."
Cultivating Successful Student Farms through Site Selection and Design

The number of college and university student farms is growing rapidly in the United States. New, and even established, student farms have the opportunity and challenge to define both their strategy and physical design, which are critical to the farm’s success. In this exploratory study of student farms across the U.S., I examine the spatial and physical design relationships that tend to be hallmarks of thriving university student farms. I employ grounded theory and content analysis to analyze 27 semistructured interviews with student farm personnel and direct field observations from 19 student farm sites at 12 public universities. The findings of this study suggest important considera­tions for site selection based on accessibility, appearance, and visibility. Onsite design recom­mendations for layout, spaces, and features are presented for six domains of the farm site. These findings illuminate how resilient student farm sites rely not only on appropriate biophysical conditions and production efficiencies, but also on physical spaces that stimulate social interaction and align with the broader campus context. These insights are most applicable to new or expanding student farms undergoing the master planning process.
Glial Cell Expression of PD-L1

The programmed death (PD)-1/PD-L1 pathway is a well-recognized negative immune checkpoint that results in functional inhibition of T-cells. Microglia, the brain-resident immune cells are vital for pathogen detection and initiation of neuroimmune responses. Moreover, microglial cells and astrocytes govern the activity of brain-infiltrating antiviral T-cells through upregulation of PD-L1 expression. While T-cell suppressive responses within brain are undoubtedly beneficial to the host, preventing cytotoxic damage to this vital organ, establishment of a prolonged anti-inflammatory milieu may simultaneously lead to deficiencies in viral clearance. An immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1: PD-L1 (B7-H1; CD274) axis has revolutionized contemporary treatment for a variety of cancers. However, the therapeutic potential of PD1: PD-L1 blockade therapies targeting viral brain reservoirs remains to be determined. For these reasons, it is key to understand both the detrimental and protective functions of this signaling pathway within the brain. This review highlights how glial cells use PD-L1 expression to modulate T-cell effector function and limit detrimental bystander damage, while still retaining an effective defense of the brain.
Campylobacter jejuni Demonstrates Conserved Proteomic and Transcriptomic Responses When Co-cultured With Human INT 407 and Caco-2 Epithelial Cells

Major foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, have devised complex strategies to establish and foster intestinal infections. For more than two decades, researchers have used immortalized cell lines derived from human intestinal tissue to dissect C. jejuni-host cell interactions. Known from these studies is that C. jejuni virulence is multifactorial, requiring a coordinated response to produce virulence factors that facilitate host cell interactions. This study was initiated to identify C. jejuni proteins that contribute to adaptation to the host cell environment and cellular invasion. We demonstrated that C. jejuni responds to INT 407 and Caco-2 cells in a similar fashion at the cellular and molecular levels. Active protein synthesis was found to be required for C. jejuni to maximally invade these host cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic approaches were then used to define the protein and gene expression profiles of C. jejuni co-cultured with cells. By focusing on those genes showing increased expression by C. jejuni when co-cultured with epithelial cells, we discovered that C. jejuni quickly adapts to co-culture with epithelial cells by synthesizing gene products that enable it to acquire specific amino acids for growth, scavenge for inorganic molecules including iron, resist reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and promote host cell interactions. Based on these findings, we selected a subset of the genes involved in chemotaxis and the regulation of flagellar assembly and generated C. jejuni deletion mutants for phenotypic analysis. Binding and internalization assays revealed significant differences in the interaction of C. jejuni chemotaxis and flagellar regulatory mutants. The identification of genes involved in C. jejuni adaptation to culture with host cells provides new insights into the infection process.
A multi-mechanism constitutive model for the dynamic failure of quasi-brittle materials. Part I: Amorphization as a failure mode

Abstract This is the first part of a 2-paper series describing a generalized multi-mechanism constitutive model for the dynamic failure of quasi-brittle materials (e.g., ceramics and geomaterials), and focus on the poorly understood mechanism of amorphization. Amorphization has long been recognized as a significant deformation mechanism in a variety of quasi-brittle materials. In this part, we develop an amorphization model based on observations in both experiments and atomistic simulations. We consider the onset of amorphization bands and the deformation of amorphous phases inside the bands. The sliding along amorphization bands introduces damage to the materials, which eventually results in material failure, and the response of the failed material is described as granular flow. Using boron carbide (BC) as a representative material, we determine the material parameters and validate the model using plate impact experiments under different shock conditions. Finally, we use the model to predict the response of BC under dynamic Vickers indentation, and compare the simulation results with experiments from the literature to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) as a BTK degraders with improved pharmacokinetic properties.

Abstract A new series of Proteolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) was synthesized, with the goal of improving the pharmacokinetic properties of our previously reported PROTAC, MT802. We recently described the ability of MT802 to induce degradation of both wild-type and C481S mutant BTK in immortalized cells and patient-derived B-lymphocytes. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of MT802 were not suitable for further in vivo development. Therefore, we undertook a systematic medicinal chemistry campaign to overcome this issue and made a series of PROTACs with structural modifications to the linker and E3-recruiting ligand; more specifically, the new PROTACs were synthesized with different von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and cereblon (CRBN) ligands while keeping the BTK ligand and linker length constant. This approach resulted in an equally potent PROTAC, SJF620, with a significantly better pharmacokinetic profile than MT802. This compound may hold promise for further in vivo exploration of BTK degradation.
Electronic Countermeasure and Electronic Counter-Countermeasure

The evolution of electronic warfare has been driven by the competition between electronic countermeasures (ECM) and electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM). Electronic warfare involves not only harnessing the electromagnetic spectrum but defending against enemy use of the spectrum, and, if possible, denying their ability to use it in the first place. Since the earliest attempts at jamming radio communications, techniques have been developed to counteract enemy ECM. Today we’ll discuss how ECCM continues to evolve and shape the nature of modern warfare.
Native extracellular matrix, synthesized ex vivo by bone marrow or adipose stromal cells, faithfully directs mesenchymal stem cell differentiation.

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly responsive to cues in the microenvironment (niche) that must be recapitulated ex vivo to study their authentic behavior. In this study, we hypothesized that native bone marrow (BM)- and adipose (AD)-derived extracellular matrices (ECM) were unique in their ability to control MSC behavior. To test this, we compared proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow (BM)-derived MSCs when maintained on native decellularized ECM produced by BM versus AD stromal cells (i.e. BM- versus AD-ECM). We found that both ECMs contained similar types of collagens but differed in the relative abundance of each. Type VI collagen was the most abundant (≈60% of the total collagen present), while type I was the next most abundant at ≈30%. These two types of collagen were found in nearly equal proportions in both ECMs. In contrast, type XII collagen was almost exclusively found in AD-ECM, while types IV and V were only found in BM-ECM. Physically and mechanically, BM-ECM was rougher and stiffer, but less adhesive, than AD-ECM. During 14 days in culture, both ECMs supported BM-MSC proliferation better than tissue culture plastic (TCP), although MSC-related surface marker expression remained relatively high on all three culture surfaces. BM-MSCs cultured in osteogenic (OS) differentiation media on BM-ECM displayed a significant increase in calcium deposition in the matrix, indicative of osteogenesis, while BM-MSCs cultured on AD-ECM in the presence of adipogenic (AP) differentiation media showed a significant increase in Oil Red O staining, indicative of adipogenesis. Further, culture on BM-ECM significantly increased BM-MSC-responsiveness to rhBMP-2 (an osteogenic inducer), while culture on AD-ECM enhanced responsiveness to rosiglitazone (an adipogenic inducer). These findings support our hypothesis and indicate that BM- and AD-ECMs retain unique elements, characteristic of their tissue-specific microenvironment (niche), which promote retention of MSC differentiation state (i.e. “stemness”) during expansion and direct cell response to lineage-specific inducers. This study provides a new paradigm for precisely controlling MSC fate to a desired cell lineage for tissue-specific cell-based therapies.
Traumatic pedestrian and bicyclist injuries associated with intoxication.

Abstract Background Drug and alcohol use are risk factors for trauma among operators of motor vehicles and contribute to trauma in pedestrians and bicyclists. We describe the prevalence of drug and alcohol use and clinical consequences in a cohort of pedestrians and bicyclists with trauma. Methods We analyzed a 25-month data set of 916 trauma team activations from January 2017–January 2019 at an urban, level I trauma center. Blood ethanol levels and urine toxicology screens were obtained in 94 pedestrian and bicyclist trauma activations. We compared pedestrians or bicyclists with a positive urine or blood screen (n = 69) to those with negative screens (n = 25). We conducted a retrospective chart review to determine mechanism of injury, injury pattern, and disposition from the emergency department (ED). Results Overall, 38 (55%) of injured patients with positive screen were pedestrians and 31 (45%) were bicyclists. Fentanyl was the most commonly detected drug (n = 38; 40%), followed by opiates (n = 27; 29%), and tetrahydrocannabiol (THC) (n = 23; 25%). Twenty-one patients were positive for ethanol. Pedestrians and bicyclists with positive toxicology screens were significantly more likely to sustain fractures (p Conclusion Our study builds on previous literature which suggests that intoxicated bicyclists and pedestrians suffer frequent and more severe injury than their sober counterparts. Public health campaigns should educate bicyclists and pedestrians about the risks of cycling or walking in areas of road traffic while under the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs.
Teams, Communities of Practice, and Knowledge Networks as Locations for Learning Professional Practice

In this chapter, we review research to better understand how teams, communities of practice, and knowledge networks serve as locations for learning professional practice. We focus on the ties and relationships that connect the people who are actually doing the learning. The lines have blurred between individual learning, and the groups and communities people join to collaborate to reach goals and solve problems. Individual motivation, learning, and performance are the starting point; but such learning is often intrinsically connected to social learning, informal, and embedded in unique work contexts. A key question is how do different kinds of work arrangements and relationships lead to not only an overall enhancement of worker competencies and stocks of knowledge but organizational capabilities to produce integrated solutions responsive to evolving problem situations. Our review suggests a focus today on process rather than structure, which implies an inherently dynamic process of forming, renewing, and reshaping collective and reciprocal relationships in ways that respond to shifting needs and problems.
Phosphonium Tetraphenylborate: A Photocatalyst for Visible-Light-Induced, Nucleophile-Initiated Thiol-Michael Addition Photopolymerization

A photoinitiation system that utilizes phosphonium tetraphenylborate as the key component was developed for the visible light-triggered nucleophile-catalyzed thiol-Michael addition reaction. This h...
ZMYND11-MBTD1 induces leukemogenesis through hijacking NuA4/TIP60 acetyltransferase complex and a PWWP-mediated chromatin association mechanism

Recurring chromosomal translocation t(10;17)(p15;q21) present in a subset of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients creates an aberrant fusion gene termed ZMYND11-MBTD1 (ZM); however, its function remains undetermined. Here, we show that ZM confers primary murine hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells indefinite self-renewal capability ex vivo and causes AML in vivo. Genomics profilings reveal that ZM directly binds to and maintains high expression of pro-leukemic genes including Hoxa, Meis1, Myb, Myc and Sox4. Mechanistically, ZM recruits the NuA4/Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex to cis-regulatory elements, sustaining an active chromatin state enriched in histone acetylation and devoid of repressive histone marks. Systematic mutagenesis of ZM demonstrates essential requirements of Tip60 interaction and an H3K36me3-binding PWWP (Pro-Trp-Trp-Pro) domain for oncogenesis. Inhibitor of histone acetylation-‘reading’ bromodomain proteins, which act downstream of ZM, is efficacious in treating ZM-induced AML. Collectively, this study demonstrates AML-causing effects of ZM, examines its gene-regulatory roles, and reports an attractive mechanism-guided therapeutic strategy. The fusion gene ZMYND11-MBTD1 (ZM) is present in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Here, the authors show that ZM expression induces AML in a murine model though activating the NuA4/TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex.
Mechanisms of productivity in word formation: Transitivity alternations in Japanese

The extensive system of Japanese transitivity alternations (TrAlt) has inspired a great number of noteworthy works. This paper, adopting the theoretical apparatus of the Strong Minimalist thesis and focusing on the “in-between voice” (i.e., between the idiosyncratic lexical and the morpho-syntactic) characteristics of the TrAlt, aims to explicate its productivity phenomena. The paper offers detailed and novel analyses of transitivity suffixes -ar (a lexical passive) and -e (which has sometimes been characterized as a “causative-passive” suffix), and delineates the mechanisms of productivity by closely examining the interactive functions of these two suffixes and the verbal roots (R’s) that host them.
A Quantitative Analysis of Study Habits Among Lower- and Higher-Performing Students in CS1

Our prior work found differences in study habits between high- and low-performers in a small-scale qualitative study, and this work seeks to verify and extend these findings by examining the study habits of a larger population of CS1 students. To do this, we devised a survey based on the findings of our prior qualitative study. The responses of CS1 students reveals that some study habits are more frequently practiced by higher-performers then lower-performers or vice versa. One concern with these findings is that the differences in study habits might simply be explained by prior experience. As such, we compare study habits between students with and without prior experience as well. We find that although prior experience translates to better class performance, it is not associated with the same study habits as lower- and higher-performers, suggesting that prior experience and study habits are separately associated with better student performance. These findings encourage further inquiry into the role of study habits in student success and whether explicit instruction on better study habits might be the basis for successful future interventions.
Problems: Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions

In this chapter, the basic and advanced problems of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions are presented. To help students study the chapter in the most efficient way, the problems are categorized in different levels based on their difficulty levels (easy, normal, and hard) and calculation amounts (small, normal, and large). Moreover, the problems are ordered from the easiest problem with the smallest computations to the most difficult problems with the largest calculations.
Chagas Disease Ecology in the United States: Recent Advances in Understanding Trypanosoma cruzi Transmission Among Triatomines, Wildlife, and Domestic Animals and a Quantitative Synthesis of Vector-Host Interactions.

Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease present in the Americas, is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is transmitted by triatomine kissing bug vectors. Hundreds of vertebrate host species are involved in the ecology of Chagas disease. The sylvatic nature of most triatomines found in the United States accounts for high levels of animal infections but few reports of human infections. This review focuses on triatomine distributions and animal infections in the southern United States. A quantitative synthesis of available US data from triatomine bloodmeal analysis studies shows that dogs, humans, and rodents are key taxa for feeding triatomines. Imperfect and unvalidated diagnostic tools in wildlife complicate the study of animal T. cruzi infections, and integrated vector management approaches are needed to reduce parasite transmission in nature. The diversity of animal species involved in Chagas disease ecology underscores the importance of a One Health approach for disease research and management. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
Evaluación del ámbito de investigación de la gestión de medios y economía: mirando hacia atrás, mirando hacia adelante

I am honored to be asked by my friend and colleague, Dr. German Arango, to provide a contribution to this special issue of Palabra Clave devoted to the topic of media markets and industries, which also will serve to relaunch the Latin American Media Management Association (LAMMA). It has been my privilege to visit Universidad de La Sabana twice in my career, and I have had the opportunity to visit with German and his colleagues at several international meetings over the years. This particular paper will examine the field of media management and economics research by looking at its past and considering the future. In addition to providing a historical overview, the paper will discuss the development of media management and economics as an area of academic research, consider the challenges the field is facing in the 21st century, and present ideas for a research agenda for the next decade. The goal is to provide both a historical perspective and a heuristic look at where the field is headed in terms of re- search and development. For this essay, I am drawing heavily from a paper I presented at the 2012 Research Symposium devoted to “Media Management and Economics Research in a Transmedia Environment,” which was held during the Broadcast Education Association’s annual convention. That paper was published in 2013, and the publisher has given me permission to cite text from that work in this venue (Albarran, 2013). DOI: 10.5294/pacla.2014.17.4.2
Propagative deployment of hierarchical components in a dynamic network

This paper addresses the distribution and the deployment of hierarchical components on heterogeneous dynamic networks. Such networks may include fixed and mobile resource-constrained devices and are characterized by the volatility of their hosts and connections, which may lead to their fragmentation. We propose a propagative, hierarchically-controlled deployment process for such networks and an ADL extension allowing the specification of this context-aware deployment.
Vie privée et quête de la perfection des moteurs de recherche audiovisuels

L’internet devient de plus en plus une plateforme de creation, de stockage et de partage de contenus multimedias produits par les utilisateurs. Par consequent, les fournisseurs de moteurs de recherche s’efforcent d’etendre les fonctionnalites et la portee de leurs technologies pour rendre ces contenus audiovisuels aussi « universellement accessibles et utiles » que leurs homologues textuels. Cependant, l’emergence d’outils de recherche audiovisuels puissants suscite de nouvelles inquietudes quant a la facon dont les moteurs de recherche s’immiscent dans la vie privee. Cette contribution fait le point sur certaines technologies emergentes de recherche dans les donnees audiovisuelles comme l’integration des images produites par les utilisateurs dans les index des moteurs, le marquage et les metadonnees enrichies des photographies, ainsi que les outils de reconnaissance faciale destines aux utilisateurs. En outre, elle montre comment, dans le contexte de la quete de la perfection des moteurs de recherche, ces technologies sont une source de preoccupation croissante pour la protection de la vie privee.
Anatomic, motor, and clinical assessment of vertical banded gastroplasty

The aim of this study was to assess gastric anatomy, motility, and emptying after vertical banded gastroplasty and to correlate the anatomic and physiologic results with clinical outcome. Eleven patients were studied at least 7 mo after operation, by which time they had lost 31% +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM) of their excess body weight. Stomal diameter, volume, and distensibility of the proximal gastric pouch were determined by a balloon distention technique. Gastric emptying was monitored scintigraphically both with and without distention of the proximal pouch. Stomal diameters ranged from 10 to 15 mm (mean +/- SEM = 11 +/- 1 mm), and pouch capacity ranged from 20 to 150 ml (76 +/- 9 ml). Mean intrapouch pressure was 13 mmHg before distention, increased to 22 mmHg with distention to half-maximal capacity, and then changed little with further distention to maximum capacity. Near maximal pouch distention during gastric emptying of a 300-ml test meal decreased antral contractile activity and speeded the initial rate of emptying (t25 with distention = 14 +/- 3 min vs. 24 +/- 3 min without distention, p less than 0.03), but did not alter the later rate of emptying. No clear-cut relationship was present between weight loss and stomal diameter, pouch volume, or gastric emptying. The conclusion was that distention of the proximal gastric pouch created by vertical banded gastroplasty inhibited antral contractions and increased the initial rate of gastric emptying, but no clear-cut correlation was found in this cohort between weight loss after the operation and stomal diameter, pouch size, and gastric emptying.
The national cost burden of bronchial foreign body aspiration in children

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Foreign body aspiration (FBA) continues to be a concerning pediatric problem, accounting for thousands of emergency room visits and more than 100 deaths each year in the United States. The costs incurred with hospitalizations and procedures following these events are the focus of this study. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2011 was analyzed, and all cases with pediatric bronchial foreign body aspirations (International Classification of Diseases-9 codes: 934.0, 934.1, 934.8, and 934.9) were reviewed. Cases were analyzed to determine type of foreign body aspiration, procedural interventions performed, duration of inpatient stay, mortality rate, complications, and posthospitalization disposition. The median length of hospital stay and total costs associated with aspiration events were determined. RESULTS: An estimated 1,908 ± 273 pediatric bronchial FBA patients were admitted annually over the 3-year period (mean age, 3.6 ± 0.3 years; 61.3% ± 1.9% male). The ratio of foreign object aspiration to food aspiration was 5:3. Overall, 56%.0 ± 3.6% of the patients underwent a bronchoscopic procedure for foreign body removal; of those, 41.5% ± 2.5% had a foreign body removed at the time of the endoscopy. The hospital mortality rate associated with bronchial aspiration was 1.8% ± 0.4%; and 2.2% ± 0.5% of patients were diagnosed with anoxic brain injury. The median length of stay was 3 days (25th-75th interquartile range, 1-7 days).The median charges and actual costs per case were $20,820 ($10,800-$53,453) and $6,720 ($3,628-$16,723), respectively. CONCLUSION: The annual overall inpatient cost associated with pediatric bronchial foreign-body aspiration is approximately $12.8 million. Combined, the rate of death or anoxic brain injury associated with pediatric foreign body is approximately 4%. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2C. Laryngoscope, 2014. Language: en
The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: Therapeutic challenges and opportunities

The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy are common conditions, especially in the elderly, that are associated with significant morbidity. Furthermore, the metabolic syndrome is reaching epidemic proportions across the world. Current evidence supports the association of the metabolic syndrome and its individual components with neuropathy. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that treating hyperglycemia, a component of the metabolic syndrome, has a significant effect on reducing the incidence of neuropathy in those with type 1 diabetes. However, glucose control has only a marginal effect on preventing neuropathy in those with type 2 diabetes, suggesting that other factors may be driving nerve injury in these patients. Emerging evidence supports the metabolic syndrome as including risk factors for neuropathy. Interventions exist for treatment of all of the metabolic syndrome components, but only glucose control has strong evidence to support its use and is widely employed. Our understanding of the biology of metabolic nerve injury has rapidly expanded over the past several years. Mechanisms of injury include fatty deposition in nerves, extracellular protein glycation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the activation of counter-regulatory signaling pathways leads to chronic metabolic inflammation. Medications that target these signaling pathways are being used for a variety of diseases and are intriguing therapeutic agents for future neuropathy clinical trials. As we move forward, we need to expand our understanding of the association between the metabolic syndrome and neuropathy by addressing limitations of previous studies. Just as importantly, we must continue to investigate the pathophysiology of metabolically induced nerve injury.
A quantum dot based vertical cavity optical modulator for chip-to-chip interconnects in Si VLSI

A new optical modulator is proposed based on electrical field induced saturation absorption of CdSe quantum dots (QDs). This can be easily integrated with silicon VLSI and can be fabricated on the finished silicon VLSI wafers. The fabrication of the modulator arrays demands minimum intrusion to the conventional Si CMOS process flow.
Locating the Gap between Grace and Terror: Performative Research and Spectral Images of (and on) the Road

Das Aufstellen von Totenschreine an Strasen ist eine global zunehmend verbreitete, aber in den USA schwierige Praxis, die hier trotz Verboten und anderen institutionellen Versuchen der Regulierung fortdauert. Zugleich gibt es eine Vielzahl an unterschiedlichsten Stimmen uber die Politik – und die Poetik – solcher Praktiken. In meiner Ethnografie nutze ich die Moglichkeiten eines netzbasierten Mediums wie FQS, um mich mit einer spezifischen Form popularer Diskurse und Praktiken – der "road tour" zu Cyberschreinen – als einem Modell fur die Prasentation von Schreinen an Strasen und im Internet zu beschaftigen. Ich verwende hierbei Einsichten und Gedichte aus meinen Feldnotizen und prasentiere im Text auch Landkarten, Fotografien, Links zu Cyberschreinen sowie Transkriptionen und Ubersetzungen meiner eigenen, audiografierten Stimme. Dieses visuelle, akustische und imaginative Material eroffnet eine zu traditionellen Reprasentationen alternative Sichtweise von Schreinen, wobei ich mich bemuhe, mich ethisch und rucksichtsvoll dem Leiden individueller und kollektiver "Anderer" zu nahern an Orten und in (Zwischen-) Raumen, in denen Leben und Tod, lebendige Erinnerung und selektives Vergessen, Alltagsleben und Ideologie konvergieren und auf einem "Gesprach" mit uns beharren. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0802526
Four-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations demonstrating how the extent of intensity-modulation impacts motion effects in proton therapy lung treatments.

Purpose: To compare motion effects in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) lung treatments with different levels of intensity modulation. Methods: Spot scanning IMPT treatment plans were generated for ten lung cancer patients for 2.5Gy(RBE) and 12Gy(RBE) fractions and two distinct energy-dependent spot sizes (σ ∼8–17 mm and ∼2–4 mm). IMPT plans were generated with the target homogeneity of each individual field restricted to 20 mm) motion amplitudes.
An Unjustified Exception to an Unjust Law

Ballentyne and colleagues (2009) describe the cruel dilemma faced by poor women in developing countries permitted to test for congenital disabilities but not permitted to abort if such disabilities...
Borage cardinal germination temperatures and seed development

Abstract Borage (Borago officinalis L.) is an oilseed crop with oil rich in γ-linolenic acid (GLA) utilized mostly in the pharmaceutical and nutritional industries. Because of borage's high value but low volume of production, many important best management practices are not well-defined, which could limit borage's potential. Two important factors for a crop's success are sowing date and harvest date and adding greater clarity to these two factors could help reduce producers’ risk. Commercial processors prefer a GLA content of 220 g kg−1 or greater, and recognizing when maximum GLA occurs during seed development could identify management strategies, pertaining to seeding and harvest timing, to ensure preferred levels are attained. The objective of these experiments was to determine the cardinal temperatures for borage seed germination and to determine borage seed development to physiological maturity based on measurements of dry matter accumulation, seed moisture, seed germination, and changes in seed oil fatty acid composition. Mature borage seeds were germinated on a thermogradient table and an optimum, minimum, and maximum temperatures were derived from regression analysis that generated a 2nd order polynomial for the germination response to temperature. Optimum, minimum, and maximum temperatures for borage germination were 23, 9, and 37 °C, respectively. The study also evaluated seed development for flowers tagged at anthesis at three tagging periods, spaced two weeks apart. Analysis showed the maximum seed dry matter, seed germination, and seed oil GLA content as well as minimum seed moisture was reached after 340 growing degree days, which was identified as physiological maturity. Additionally, analysis of seed oil showed a significant change over time for palmitic acid, a year by time interaction for stearic acid, a time by tagging period interaction for oleic, a tagging period interaction for linoleic acid, and no interaction for the undesirable erucic acid.
Mariner 10 pictures of mercury: first results.

Mercury has a heavily cratered surface containing basins up to at least 1300 kilometers diameter flooded with mare-like material. Many features are closely similar to those on the moon, but significant structural differences exist. Major chemical differentiation before termination of accretion is implied.
Protocol Violations during Medication Administration in Pediatrics

The paper uses a new measure of protocol violations to explore the extent of violations in the medication administration process. 203 nurses in three units of a free-standing pediatric hospital were provided with a survey assessing violations in the medication administration process; 120 nurses responded for a response rate of 59%. Violation data were collected for three stages of the medication administration process: matching medications to the medication administration record, checking patient identification, and documenting administration. The percentage of nurses who reported violating protocol in the medication administration process ranged from 8.4% to 30.2% in routine situations, and from 32.2% to 53.0% in emergency situations. Violations in the medication administration process may lead to medication errors. To improve medication safety, efforts should be taken to discover the system deficiencies that produce such frequent violations. System redesign should then address these deficiencies.
The Aging Population and the Hospitality Industry in 2010: Important Trends and Probable Services:

The continued rapid growth of the elderly population in the first decade of the 21 st century previews the unprecedented aging of the population to occur in subsequent decades. The time window under discussion in this article-present to 2010—is essentially the last opportunity for the hospitality industry to prepare for the onset of a truly aged society. While overall demographic characteristics of the aging popula tion are impressive, the variability among subgroups within the older age cohorts are the most important factors in predicting hospitality needs and opportunities. In particular, demographic variability among the elderly, with regard to health status, income, and family structure, is critical to various future scenarios. Additionally, the aging population will progressively be better educated and more experienced consumers of hospitality services and products. It is suggested that the psychological construct of "personal control" will be increasingly important to developers as a criterion in ju...
Axon-sheath cell interaction mediated by a neurotropic substance

Abstract Morphological studies on growth behavior of axon and sheath cell in vitro revealed a high degree of affinity which could be explained only on a chemical basis. This was confirmed by the isolation of a macromolecular “neurotropic substance” synthesized by sheath cell (fibroblast) in culture and secreted into the medium. Immunocytochemical and chemical studies showed that at least two factors, a high molecular weight glycoprotein and a low molecular weight basic polypeptide (β-NGF), were involved in the process. It is postulated that these two factors complex to form a macromolecule having the neurotropic action. The glycoprotein, a normal component of the cell coat, acts locally to mediate cell recognition and adhesion; it also serves as a “carrier” for the β-NGF. The latter is responsible for promoting neurite growth by accelerating synthetic machinery in the neuronal perikaryon. The neurotropic substance appears to play a central role in morphogenesis of the peripheral nerve.
From comparative historical analysis to “local theory”: The Italian city-state route to the modern state

Many explanations have been offered for why the dominant city-states of Italy declined, giving way to the larger, national states of Western Europe. Some, like World Systems theorists, have seen the decline of the Italian city-states as the result of the shift of trade from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, while others, like Richard Lachmann, have focused on institutional arrangements that rendered these systems less resilient when faced by external threats. This article focuses on the relations of local institutions with the interests of capital, and on the role of contentious politics within the city-state that developed as a result of this interaction. Taking as my starting point the comparative historical analysis of statebuilding in the work of Charles Tilly, in Coercion, Capital and European States, the article places contentious politics as a bridge between the Tillian categories of capital-domination and statebuilding, using the case of Florence in the late 14th and early 15th centuries to etch the skeleton of that bridge. With Tilly, I argue that the class interests of the urban elites that were built directly into the mechanisms of city-state politics worked at cross-purposes to the collective requirements of statebuilding. Next, I argue that Tilly pays too little attention to the specificities of the Italian case and gives short shrift to its internal political processes. Finally, I argue that class domination working through institutional conflicts led to periodic outbursts of conflict and built a lack of trust into the structure of governance. I conclude by suggesting why the Italian city-states, at least, were inhibited from taking the nation-state route to the modern world until quite late in their histories.
The Reasons for the Recent Decline in Young Driver Licensing in the United States

Objective: This survey examined why a substantial percentage of young adults currently do not have a driver's license and the future plans of this group concerning obtaining a license. Method: A questionnaire was developed to examine several issues related to an individual's decision not to obtain a driver's license. An online survey was conducted, yielding useable responses from 618 persons aged 18 to 39 without a driver's license. Results: The top 8 reasons for not having a driver's license were as follows: (1) too busy or not enough time to get a driver's license (determined by personal priorities), (2) owning and maintaining a vehicle is too expensive, (3) able to get transportation from others, (4) prefer to bike or walk, (5) prefer to use public transportation, (6) concerned about how driving impacts the environment, (7) able to communicate and/or conduct business online instead, and (8) disability/medical/vision problems. Of the respondents, 22% indicated that they plan to never obtain a driver's l...
Twelve months of voluntary heavy alcohol consumption in male rhesus macaques suppresses intracortical bone remodeling

Chronic heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for cortical bone fractures in males. The increase in fracture risk may be due, in part, to reduced bone quality. Intracortical (osteonal) bone remodeling is the principle mechanism for maintaining cortical bone quality. However, it is not clear how alcohol abuse impacts intracortical bone remodeling. This study investigated the effects of long-duration heavy alcohol consumption on intracortical bone remodeling in a non-human primate model. Following a 4-month induction period, male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, n = 21) were allowed to voluntarily self-administer water or alcohol (4% ethanol w/v) for 22 h/d, 7 d/wk for 12 months. Control monkeys (n = 13) received water and an isocaloric maltose-dextrin solution. Tetracycline hydrochloride was administered orally 17 and 3 days prior to sacrifice for determination of active mineralization sites. Animals in the alcohol group consumed 2.7 ± 0.2 g alcohol/kg/d (mean ± SE) during the 12 months of self-administration, resulting in a mean daily blood alcohol concentration of 77 ± 9 mg/dl from samples taken at 7 h after the start of a daily session. However, blood alcohol concentration varied widely from day to day, with peak levels exceeding 250 mg/dl, modeling a binge-drinking pattern of alcohol consumption. The skeletal response to alcohol was determined by densitometry, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry. Significant differences in tibial bone mineral content, bone mineral density, and cortical bone architecture (cross-sectional volume, cortical volume, marrow volume, cortical thickness, and polar moment of inertia) in the tibial diaphysis were not detected with treatment. However, cortical porosity was lower (1.8 ± 0.5 % versus 0.6 ± 0.1 %, p = 0.021) and labeled osteon density was lower (0.41 ± 0.2/mm2 versus 0.04 ± 0.01/mm2, p < 0.003) in alcohol-consuming monkeys compared to controls, indicating a reduced rate of intracortical bone remodeling. In concordance, plasma CTx was lower (2.5 ± 0.3 ng/ml versus 1.7 ± 0.1 ng/ml, p = 0.028) in the alcohol group. These results suggest that chronic heavy alcohol consumption may negatively impact bone health, in part, by suppressing intracortical bone remodeling.
Chemical Budgets for Organically Fertilized Fish Ponds in the Dry Tropics

Chemical budgets were determined for nitrogen, phosphorns, dissolved oxygen and chemical oxygen demand for three 0.1-ha earthen ponds stocked with Onwchrornis nilotieus at the El Carao National Fish Culture Research Center, Comayagna, Honduras, for two 150-d culture periods, corresponding to the rainy and dry seasons. Layer chicken litter was added to ponds weekly at 500 kg dry matter/ha. Concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in pond water increased during each season. No significant seasonal differencea in concentrations of water quality variables were observed. Chicken litter added to ponds represented 92–94% of N input, 93–95% of P input, and 43–52% of COD input. Photosynthesis by phytoplnnkton provided 47–56% of COD and 98% of dissolved oxygen (DO) added to ponds. Net inward diffnsion of oxygen added 1.2–1.5% of total DO. Regulated inflow was a minor source of nutrients, and contributed 3–4% of input N, 3–4% of input P, 1% of COD input, and 1% of DO input. Nutrient inputs from rain were ≤1% of total for each nutrient. Fish harvest accounted for 18–21% of total N, 16–18% of total P and 2% of COD added to ponds. Community respiration accounted for 48–57% of COD and 99.5% of DO added to ponds. Nutrient losses in pond effluent at draining were: 7–9% of total N, 29–37% of total P and 2–3% of COD. While measured gains exceeded measrued losses, significpntly greater N, P and organic matter concentrations in pre-drain samples indicated pond mud was a major sink for added nutrients, accumulation in mud represented 70% of total N, 35–40% of total P, and 38–46% of COD.
Liver transplantation for hepatitis C virus‐related cirrhosis

Since the introduction of techniques to reliably identify antibody to the hepatitis C virus and quantitation of hepatitis C virus, there has been an increasing interest in the behavior of chronic hepatitis C infection with liver transplantation. Ninety-seven patients with chronic active hepatitis C and fifty-nine patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis underwent 100 and 62 liver transplantation procedures, respectively, at a single institution. This represents 35% of the total liver transplantations performed during this time period. Twenty-three percent of transplants were performed in patients with evidence of chronic active hepatitis C. Patients and graft survival were excellent in both groups. One-, 2- and 3-yr patient survival rates for chronic active hepatitis C and cryptogenic cirrhosis were 94%, 89% and 87% and 84%, 84% and 73%, respectively. Hepatitis C can frequently be identified after transplantation. More than 95% of patients show persistence of antibody to the hepatitis C virus. Forty-one of 95 patients (surviving > 1 mo) showed recurrent hepatitis (initially seen 3 to 20 mo after transplantation), and 12 progressed to chronic active hepatitis. In 16 patients of the cryptogenic group in whom hepatitis developed, 11 were associated with de novo hepatitis C infection. Seven of these 11 cases went on to a chronic state. Of 11 deaths after transplant in the hepatitis C group, 2 were directly related to recurrent disease. There were 15 deaths in the cryptogenic group, 2 related to de novo hepatitis C. Patients were not serotyped. Interferon therapy was attempted in a small number of patients with disease, with inconclusive results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Relation of Ringing to Gibberellin-like Activity in Berries of Vitis vinifera L.

IT is well known that a temporary ringing (girdling) of certain varieties of fruit trees and grapes increases the size of developing fruits. The classical theory is that the enlargement of fruit results from the greater supply of elaborated food materials trapped above the ring. Another possibility is that plant hormones trapped above the ring cause such enlargement. Ringing has long been practised to increase the size of ‘Black Corinth’ berries1. Another method for greatly enlarging fruit of this variety is treating unringed vines with exogenous gibberellins2. Because both these methods result in enlarged fruit, it seemed likely that ringing affects endogenous gibberellin content of the berries. The experiment described in this communication shows that ringing greatly influences gibberellin content.
"A whole stadium full": lesbian community at Women's National Basketball Association Games.

Using qualitative interviews with lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual female Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) fans, I argue that the (perceived) large lesbian attendance at WNBA games enables the construction of a lesbian community by lesbian and bisexual fans in a site qualitatively different from traditional locations of lesbian community. Because the WNBA is not an explicitly lesbian or queer space, the process of speculating about which players, coaches, and fans are lesbians is a meaningful part of being a WNBA fan for many lesbian and bisexual fans. Fantasizing a large lesbian presence enables lesbian and bisexual fans to actively and interpretively create lesbian community at the games. The women socialize and connect with lesbian and bisexual women, construct lesbian ownership of WNBA games, and define WNBA games as a unique space that is different from lesbian bars and other traditional “gay‐only” spaces.