cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Space-Efficient Identity Based EncryptionWithout Pairings

Identity Based Encryption (IBE) systems are often constructed using bilinear maps (a.k.a. pairings) on elliptic curves. One exception is an elegant system due to Cocks which builds an IBE based on the quadratic residuosity problem modulo an RSA composite N. The Cocks system, however, produces long ciphertexts. Since the introduction of the Cocks system in 2001 it has been an open problem to construct a space efficient IBE system without pairings. In this paper we present an IBE system in which ciphertext size is short: an encryption of an f.-bit message consists of a single element in Z/NZ plus lscr + 1 additional bits. Security, as in the Cocks system, relies on the quadratic residuosity problem. The system is based on the theory of ternary quadratic forms and as a result, encryption and decryption are slower than in the Cocks system.
Decision Makers' Judgments: The Influence of Role, Evaluative Criteria, and Information Access.

Evaluators often assume that outcome studies assessing agency effectiveness should pro vide the most relevant data for decision makers who must form judgments about treat ment in order to make policy, program, and clinical decisions. Yet evaluators have found that decision makers often fail to use results of evaluation studies. To shed light on the utilization problem, the research reported here was undertaken to learn about the criteria, information sources, and beliefs decision makers in the environment of nine drug treat ment agencies used to form judgments about treatment programs before evaluative data concerning outcomes became available. The results showed that decision makers in different occupations tended to use similar information sources (primarily informal verbal exchanges) yet used different evaluative criteria to judge treatment programs. The impli clations of these results for the design of evaluation studies and utilization of evaluation results are discussed.
Real-time UWB indoor positioning system with millimeter 3-D dynamic accuracy

A real-time UWB positioning system has been developed which has dynamic 3-D accuracy of better than 6 mm and static 3-D accuracy of 3–4 mm. This accuracy is an order of magnitude higher than currently available commercial UWB tracking systems and opens up new applications for indoor wireless positioning including robot tracking, patient monitoring, and tracking during computer assisted surgeries. 3-D experimental results are included for both dynamic and static real-time experiments using an optical tracking system with 3-D accuracy of 0.3 mm as a gold standard for reference.
Bleeding Is Bad…. Isn’t It?

Advances in antithrombin and antiplatelet therapy have traditionally been associated with reductions in myocardial infarction and other thrombotic events in patients who have experienced an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), are undergoing a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or are receiving long-term therapy for secondary prevention of stable vascular disease. Although individual trials of antithrombotic therapy have rarely been able to demonstrate that the reduction in ischemic events leads to a reduction in mortality (the most important end point), meta-analyses have often suggested that this is the case.1 And because myocardial infarction is an independent correlate of mortality, a link between a reduction in ischemic events and reduced mortality makes intuitive sense. Article p 2793 Unfortunately, more potent anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are also associated with an increased risk of bleeding, especially when used in combination with one another, as is usually the case. Furthermore, there is a well-established body of evidence that indicates an association between bleeding and ischemic events.2,3 It has been unclear, however, whether the link between bleeding and thrombosis is the result of bleeding after the initial development of a thrombotic complication (and its treatment) or if bleeding precedes the development of an ischemic complication and actually leads to (actually causes) thrombosis. In support of the former possibility is that patients who, because of the presence of thrombus, undergo a longer or more complicated procedure, receive a higher dose or longer duration of antithrombotic medication, or require an intra-aortic balloon pump are surely more prone to bleed. However, the possibility that hemorrhage actually leads to thrombosis rather than results from it is supported by the observation that hemorrhage is a potent stimulus for thrombosis; all patients would surely die if bleeding did not trigger at least a local thrombotic reaction. Furthermore, as the Global Registry of …
Hormone-regulated and glucose-sensitive transport of dehydroascorbic acid in immature rat granulosa cells.

Ascorbic acid is concentrated in granulosa cells of the follicle, and ascorbate deficiency causes follicular atresia. Dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), the oxidized form of ascorbic acid, serves as an important source for the recycling of ascorbate. As we previously demonstrated endocrine up-regulation of ascorbic acid transport by granulosa cells, we investigated DHAA as an alternate source of ascorbate in the follicle. Granulosa cells were cultured for 24 h, and DHAA uptake was initiated by the addition of 14C-labeled ascorbic acid (300 μm) in the presence of ascorbic acid oxidase (2 U/ml), which catalyzes DHAA production. Almost 90% of accumulated DHAA was present as ascorbic acid within 2 h. Preculture of cells for 24 h with FSH (50 ng/ml) and IGF-I (30 ng/ml) significantly stimulated DHAA uptake compared with the control (158 ± 16 vs. 43 ± 8 pmol/106 cells, respectively). DHAA uptake by granulosa cells was inhibited by d-glucose (ID50, approximately 2.5 mm) and by the glucose transport inhibitors phloreti...
Beacon-Stuffing: Wi-Fi without Associations

The design of Wi-Fi networks mimics the behavior of wired networks. For example, a Wi-Fi network interface can send and receive packets only after associating to a Wi-Fi access point (AP). In this paper, we show that the concept of association limits the capabilities of wireless networks. We present a scheme, called beacon-stuffing, that allows Wi-Fi clients to communicate without associating to any network. Beacon-stuffing enables several new applications over Wi-Fi networks, and we describe three of them in this paper: improved AP selection, delivering location-specific advertisements, and providing coupons over Wi-Fi networks without requiring the Wi-Fi client to associate to any AP.
Variations in the Digestible Sulfur Amino Acid Requirement of Broiler Chickens Due to Sex, Growth Criteria, Rearing Environment, and Processing Yield Characteristics

Four experiments (Exp.) were conducted with Cobb 500 chicks to evaluate variations in the estimated digestible sulfur amino acid (DSAA) requirement of broilers due to rearing environment, sex, or growth performance during the starter period (7 to 19 d), and live performance response and carcass yield characteristics during the grower period (21 to 42 d). In the first 3 experiments conducted during the starter period, chicks were allocated to battery or floor pens, and in the fourth experiment birds were reared in floor pens. For Exp. 1, 2, and 3 a sulfur amino acid deficient corn-soybean meal-corn gluten meal basal diet and for the grower experiment a corn-soybean meal-peanut meal basal diet was formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous within experiment. Graded levels of DSAA ranged from 0.54 to 0.94% in Exp. 1, 0.53 to 1.03% in Exp. 2, 0.49 to 0.89% in Exp. 3, and 0.43 to 0.83% in Exp. 4. True digestibility of the diets was determined using the precision-fed rooster assay. The DSAA requirements were estimated using 1-slope broken-line methodology. During the starter period, the average DSAA requirement of males and females was similar when based on the gain to feed ratio (G:F; 0.71 and 0.71%, respectively) and BW gain (BWG; 0.67 and 0.67%, respectively). In Exp. 3 involving battery and floor pens, males and females had similar DSAA requirement estimates, but the DSAA requirement based on maximal G:F (0.68%) was higher than the maximal BWG requirement (0.61%). In the grower period, the estimated DSAA requirement for males based on G:F was higher than that based on BWG, but the BWG and G:F requirements were similar for females. The DSAA requirement estimates were similar for males and females based on BWG (0.55%), but the DSAA requirement based on G:F was higher for males than females. The DSAA requirement for maximum breast meat yield was similar for males (0.55%) and females (0.56%), and the requirement for maximal breast meat yield was similar to that for maximal BWG. The DSAA requirements were similar based on sex, rearing environment, or both; however, there was a difference in the estimated DSAA requirements between growth and carcass responses.
Acquisition and Transfer of Learning Strategies by Gifted and Nongifted Students

Ninety-six gifted and nongifted students were assigned at random to a free-study or one of three mnemonic conditions. The three mnemonic conditions presented mnemonic pictures for learning hardness levels of North American minerals in the first task, and prompted additional use of the strategy for the second task under three levels of structure. After the second recall task, students were questioned regarding their strategy use, and, finally, were given a retest of the originally learned material. It was found that both ability groups learned more in mnemonic conditions, although the difference was statistically significant for the gifted students only. It was also found that gifted students demonstrated a superior ability to employ this strategy independently in an additional learning task. In all conditions, for both ability groups, reported strategy use was found to be strongly related to performance.
Whcich Economic Freedoms Contribute to Growth

Recent studies have investigated the relationship between a country’s overall measure of economic freedom and its economic performance over time. On the one hand, institutions promoting economic freedoms are thought to increase productivity (Dawson 1998) and investment opportunities (Besley 1995). However, while economic freedom may be certainly desirable from a normative perspective, De Hann and Siermann (1998) present evidence that the relationship between economic freedom and growth is not robust. This paper is an attempt to separate out those aspects of economic freedom which apparently fail to increase growth from those that are empirically correlated with growth. Typically, a single overall measure of economic freedom, based on an aggregation of various underlying freedom indexes, is used in empirical studies on growth. In this paper, we follow a different tract. By disaggregating the specific components of economic freedom and measuring the relevant independent impact on growth exhibited by each component, we can derive an empirically weighted summary index of growth-promoting economic freedoms, rather than relying upon a subjective index of economic freedom used to project economic growth. A direct comparison of these indexes can then be made as well as a comparison of the resulting growth projections for each country. Our empirical results indicate that some characteristics of economic freedom that are widely
iBsu1103: a new genome-scale metabolic model of Bacillus subtilis based on SEED annotations.

Background: Bacillus subtilis is an organism of interest because of its extensive industrial applications, its similarity to pathogenic organisms, and its role as the model organism for Grampositive, sporulating bacteria. In this work, we introduce a new genome-scale metabolic model of B. subtilis 168 called iBsu1103. This new model is based on the annotated B. subtilis 168 genome generated by the SEED, one of the most up-to-date and accurate annotations of B. subtilis 168 available. Results: The iBsu1103 model includes 1,437 reactions associated with 1,103 genes, making it the most complete model of B. subtilis available. The model also includes Gibbs free energy change (ΔrG'°) values for 1,403 (97%) of the model reactions estimated by using the group contribution method. These data were used with an improved reaction reversibility prediction method to identify 653 (45%) irreversible reactions in the model. The model was validated against an experimental dataset consisting of 1,500 distinct conditions and was optimized by using an improved model optimization method to increase model accuracy from 89.7% to 93.1%. Conclusions: Basing the iBsu1103 model on the annotations generated by the SEED significantly improved the model completeness and accuracy compared with the most recent previously published model. The enhanced accuracy of the iBsu1103 model also demonstrates the efficacy of the improved reaction directionality prediction method in accurately identifying irreversible reactions in the B. subtilis metabolism. The proposed improved model optimization methodology was also demonstrated to be effective in minimally adjusting model content to improve model accuracy.
Lithium Aluminum Hydride–Titanium(IV) Chloride

(LiAlH4) [16853-85-3] H4AlLi (MW 37.96) InChI = 1S/Al.Li.4H/q-1;+1;;;; InChIKey = OCZDCIYGECBNKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (TiCl4) [7550-45-0] Cl4Ti (MW 189.68) InChI = 1S/4ClH.Ti/h4*1H;/q;;;;+4/p-4 InChIKey = XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J (generation of dihalocarbenes;2, 3 hydrogenolysis of allylic alcohols;4 deoxygenation of oxygen-bridged compounds9, 10 and N-oxides;12 preparation of alkenes;15 reducing agent for sulfoxides,17 alkenes, alkynes,18 and 3-amido ketones;20 catalyst for hydroaluminations of alkenes and alkynes22) Physical Data: see Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Titanium(IV) Chloride. Solubility: see Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Titanium(IV) Chloride; reactions using the mixture are run in anhydrous THF or diethyl ether. Form Supplied in: for most applications, the reagent is prepared in situ from commercially available components. Preparative Method: for applications involving the initial formation of low-valent titanium, lithium aluminum hydride (1 equiv) is added under nitrogen to a cooled (0 °C) solution of titanium(IV) chloride (1 equiv) in anhydrous THF, resulting in a black suspension with gas evolution.13 The molar ratio of LiAlH4 and TiCl4 can vary and the addition of various organic tertiary amine bases following the addition of LiAlH4 is also common. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: see Lithium Aluminum Hydride and Titanium(IV) Chloride. Use in a fume hood.
Lattice-Boltzmann Simulations of Particle-Fluid Suspensions

This paper reviews applications of the lattice-Boltzmann method to simulations of particle-fluid suspensions. We first summarize the available simulation methods for colloidal suspensions together with some of the important applications of these methods, and then describe results from lattice-gas and lattice-Boltzmann simulations in more detail. The remainder of the paper is an update of previously published work,(69, 70) taking into account recent research by ourselves and other groups. We describe a lattice-Boltzmann model that can take proper account of density fluctuations in the fluid, which may be important in describing the short-time dynamics of colloidal particles. We then derive macro-dynamical equations for a collision operator with separate shear and bulk viscosities, via the usual multi-time-scale expansion. A careful examination of the second-order equations shows that inclusion of an external force, such as a pressure gradient, requires terms that depend on the eigenvalues of the collision operator. Alternatively, the momentum density must be redefined to include a contribution from the external force. Next, we summarize recent innovations and give a few numerical examples to illustrate critical issues. Finally, we derive the equations for a lattice-Boltzmann model that includes transverse and longitudinal fluctuations in momentum. The model leads to a discrete version of the Green–Kubo relations for the shear and bulk viscosity, which agree with the viscosities obtained from the macro-dynamical analysis. We believe that inclusion of longitudinal fluctuations will improve the equipartition of energy in lattice-Boltzmann simulations of colloidal suspensions.
Structural and Functional Analyses of the Major Outer Membrane Protein of Chlamydia trachomatis

Chlamydia trachomatis is a major pathogen throughout the world, and preventive measures have focused on the production of a vaccine using the major outer membrane protein (MOMP). Here, in elementary bodies and in preparations of the outer membrane, we identified native trimers of the MOMP. The trimers were stable under reducing conditions, although disulfide bonds appear to be present between the monomers of a trimer and between trimers. Cross-linking of the outer membrane complex demonstrated that the MOMP is most likely not in a close spatial relationship with the 60- and 12-kDa cysteine-rich proteins. Extraction of the MOMP from Chlamydia isolates under nondenaturing conditions yielded the trimeric conformation of this protein as shown by cross-linking and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with different concentrations of acrylamide. Using circular dichroism spectroscopy, we determined that the trimers were formed mainly of β-pleated sheet structures in detergent micelles. Using a liposomal swelling assay, the MOMP was found to have porin activity, and the size of the pore was estimated to be approximately 2 nm in diameter. The trimers were found to be stable in SDS at temperatures ranging from 4 to 37°C and over a pH range of 5.0 to 8.0. In addition, the trimers of MOMP were found to be resistant to digestion with trypsin. In conclusion, these results show that the native conformation of the MOMP of C. trachomatis is a trimer with predominantly a β-sheet structure and porin function.
Theoretical foundations for the design of executive information systems in equivocal environments

The paper suggests enhancements to executive information systems (EIS) aimed at reducing equivocality associated with the managerial activities of scanning, communicating, and delegating based upon mathematical models from the field of semiotics. Prior research has shown that these activities are significant components of managerial behavior. They are similar in that each entails the use of abbreviated messages to transfer information which represents a much larger body of knowledge. This paper investigates factors affecting equivocality in these activities and constructs an upper bound on the degree to which they can reduce equivocality. >
The State and Healthcare: Comparing OECD Countries. By Heinz Rothgang, Mirella Cacace, Lorraine Frisina, Simone Grimmeisen, Achim Schmid, and Claus Wendt

The State and Healthcare: Comparing OECD Countries. By Heinz Rothgang, Mirella Cacace, Lorraine Frisina, Simone Grimmeisen, Achim Schmid, and Claus Wendt (Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), ...
An Alternative Solution to the Problems of Libel Litigation

The article begins with a discussion of an empirical study that found a disjunction between the underlying assumptions and goals of media libel law, on the one hand, and the real interests of the parties and what the system actually accomplishes, on the other. The article then discusses several responses that have been proposed to address the problems of the libel litigation system. These include the media’s prevention of suits with better handling of complaints, expanded use of the special verdict, declaratory judgments, and nonlitigation alternatives. An experimental, voluntary, alternative program is described, along with a case that illustrates the potential benefits of such an alternative process.
A revision of the South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour-Browne (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)

The South African endemic humicolous beetle genus Discozantaena Perkins and Balfour-Browne is revised, based of the study of 1,735 specimens. Ten new species are described: D. brevicollis, (S. Cape Mt., Helderfontein S.), D. drakensbergensis (Lesotho: Drakensberg, Sani Pass Valley), D. endroedyi (Cape-Cederberg, jeep track, 32° 28' S, 19° 14' E), D. galea (Cape Province, Swartberg Pass, 33° 54' S–22° 01' E), D. karroo (Cape Province, Little Karroo, Raubenheimer Dam, 33° 25' S, 22° 19' E), D. leleupi (Cape Province, Muizenberg), D. ovata (SW Cape, Groot Toren farm, 31° 20' S, 19° 44' E), D. sepiola (S. Cape, Harkerville Forest, 34° 4' S, 23° 10' E), D. sequentia (Cape-Cederberg, jeep track, 32° 28' S, 19° 14' E), and D. tibiovela (Natal, 75km WSW Estcourt, Cathedral Peaks Forest Station). A key to the 11 known species is given. High resolution digital images of all holotypes are presented (Zootaxa online version in color), the male genitalia are illustrated, and geographic distributions are mapped. The vast majority of specimens were collected by sifting litter, especially marsh shore litter. Four of the species are flightless, the wings being reduced to small lobes. One species has both normal and reduced winged individuals.
Inappropriate Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Shock from QRS Double Counting in the Setting of Hyperkalemia

This case shows the complexity of arrhythmia management in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) who present with hyperkalemia. In order to prevent inappropriate ICD shock, consideration should be given to the suspension of ICD therapies while intensive care treatment of extreme electrolyte derangements is being pursued. Patients in these setting should be closely monitored until their electrocardiograms have normalized, after which the device can safely be reactivated.
Toxicity and repellency of semiochemicals extracted from a dolichoderine ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) to the Formosan subterranean termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

The anal gland secretions of ants in the subfamily Dolichoderinae contain terpenoids that are known to have insecticidal properties. The repellency and toxicity of whole-body extracts and chemical fractions of such extracts from the dolichoderine ant ochetellus glaber (Mayr) to Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae) were examined. Extract-treated sand caused significant termite mortality in a direct-exposure assay. Termites were also repelled by extract-treated sand and the chemical repellency lasted for at least one month in treated sand. The principal repellent components of O. glaber secretions were determined to be cis,trans-and trans,cis-isomers of dolichodial in a 3 :1 ratio.
Efficiency-enhancing horizontal mergers in spatial competition

This paper shows that a horizontal merger between two stores (or firms) that are relatively close can enhance efficiency in a model of spatial competition (or spatial product differentiation), if the spacing between them (or between their products) is relatively small compared to the spacing between other stores (or firms) in the market. The basic model assumes that consumers with completely inelastic demand are spread along an infinite line that has infinitely many stores (or firms), but cases with different assumptions are also considered.
Countermeasures to the Problems in Housebreaking and Migration

With the accelerating of urbanization,land requisition compensation becomes a delicate matter.People often see that the householders,so called "the nail householders",refuse to migrate their home due to their compensation disagreement with local government and the real estate developers.In order to resolve this problem,the government should take both the business benefits and the public interests into account,strengthen the legal system building,enhance administrative supervision and promote a harmonious society.
Leukocytic inclusions--Dohle bodies--associated with platelet abnormality (the May-Hegglin anomaly). Report of a family and review of the literature.

A six-year-old girl with thrombocytopenia was found to have the May-Hegglin anomaly, consisting of Dohle bodies in the leukocytes in association with giant platelets. This was also observed in the patient’s mother and brother who had normal platelet counts. The familial nature of this anomaly is again confirmed, and the world literature reviewed. Its morphologic and clinical features are contrasted with those seen in the leukocytes of the Chediak-Higashi anomaly.
Eroded nodule on heel with numerous papules.

A 78-year-old woman presents with a two-year history of a gradually enlarging lesion on her heel. Initially it was a solitary papule; over time, several additional lesions appeared proximal to the initial one. In the past few months, the first lesion became irritated by her shoes and subsequently eroded.
Fractures of the hand and wrist

The management of fractures from the industrial setting is very similar to treatment of fractures that occur elsewhere. However, the surgeon must constantly be on guard for any associated injuries that may be unique to the workplace, such as exposure to heat, cold, chemicals, or electricity. An accurate medical history of the patient and etiology of the injury are necessary. The overall emphasis must be a return to gainful employment. Treatment should be managed from the beginning. The initial action should be an aggressive approach, whether management is conservative or surgical, with a minimum of secondary procedures. An active role by the physician and his or her staff, and especially that of the hand therapist, should emphasize to the employer the advantages of returning the patient to work as soon as possible.
Probiotics for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a life-threatening condition in preterm neonates that is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Several studies have suggested that probiotics can potentially decrease the risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis via several proposed mechanisms of action, including increasing diversity of the intestinal flora. However, due to a lack of standardized study designs, including variability in product selection, dose, time of initiation, and duration, as well as a concern for safety in this vulnerable population, the use of probiotics in this population remains controversial. Regulations for testing of products and well-validated dosing regimens are needed before considering routine use of probiotics in these high-risk patients.
The Significance of Culture in Language Teaching

This chapter outlines the rationale for studying how culture is presented in beginning-level foreign language textbooks, explains the choice to focus on cultural narrative and politics, and defines textbook analysis as an area of inquiry in applied linguistics. Beginning with a discussion of culture teaching goals, Chapelle demonstrates the need to improve culture teaching and the role of language textbook analysis in doing so. Having introduced the interest in cultural narrative and politics, she develops an argument for their importance based on the nature of intercultural or transnational cultural competence, students’ developmental needs, and social impact. She defines textbook analysis as inquiry that needs to exhibit strong cultural and historical grounding, theoretical and practical relevance, and methodological credibility. The current study investigating Quebec’s cultural narrative in beginning-level French textbooks in the USA is introduced within these parameters.
Tax issues in computer technology companies

The role of taxes in decision making at computer technology companies is becoming increasingly more important. The 1980s have seen the enactment of numerous new tax provisions with major implications for high-technology businesses. This paper provides and overview of some of the more important provisions effecting computer technology — e.g., the tax planning and compliance inherent in research and development, depreciation, transfers and amortization of intangibles, and certain types of entities. The consequences of the Tax Reform Act of 1986 for computer technology companies is highlighted.
Pharmacological treatment of women with epilepsy before and during pregnancy

Bei einer fruhzeitigen prakonzeptionellen Beratung und einer engmaschigen Begleitung in der Schwangerschaft verlauft die uberwiegende Mehrheit der Schwangerschaften bei Frauen mit Epilepsie komplikationslos. Anzustreben ist eine bestmogliche Anfallskontrolle ohne Auftreten von Grand-mal-Anfallen unter Einsatz eines Antiepileptikums mit moglichst niedrigem Fehlbildungsrisiko. Aufgrund des dosisabhangig erhohten Fehlbildungsrisikos und weiterer Risiken, vor allem hinsichtlich der kognitiven Entwicklung der Kinder, wurden die Warnungen zur Verordnung von Valproinsaure bei Frauen im reproduktiven Alter verscharft. Die Pharmakokinetik der antiepileptischen Medikation (AED) in der Schwangerschaft macht regelmasige Serumspiegelkontrollen und eine fruhzeitige Dosisanpassung erforderlich. Frauen konnen auch bei Einnahme eines Antiepileptikums zum Stillen ermutigt werden, sofern der Saugling gut hinsichtlich einer moglichen Sedierung oder Trinkschwache beobachtet wird.
Implied Confidence in Management Range Forecasts

Prior accounting research uses the width of management range forecasts as a measure of managers’ uncertainty about future earnings. However, range forecasts do not provide any information about the likelihood that future earnings will fall within the forecast bounds. The absence of information about forecast confidence is important because without an explicit or implicit confidence level, the width of the range does not necessarily convey information about the uncertainty of future earnings realizations. In this study, we develop a measure of the confidence levels associated with management range forecasts, referred to as implied confidence. We find our measure varies positively with ex-post confidence levels and that it outperforms the use of forecast width and analyst dispersion when predicting the likelihood that realized earnings fall within the forecasted range. Importantly, after controlling for implied confidence, the conditional association between width and ex-post hit rate changes from positive to negative, consistent with the use of forecast width as a proxy for manager-specific uncertainty. We consider several possible determinants of confidence levels and find that managers issue range forecasts with higher confidence levels when they face higher litigation risk and have a longer forecasting history.
GaN-on-Si μLED optoelectrodes for high-spatiotemporal-accuracy optogenetics in freely behaving animals

We present the micromachined GaN-on-Si μLED optoelectrodes with neuron-sized LEDs monolithically integrated on a thin narrow silicon shank for optical stimulation and electrical recording in a behaving animal. The fabricated μLEDs show an optical power of 1.9 μW at 4 V from a small size of 15 μm × 10 μm with a peak plug efficiency of 0.6 %. This allows high spatial and temporal resolution optogenetic studies from the μLED array in a small pitch of 60 μm along with the integrated recording electrodes in 20-μm pitch. Stimulation artifacts were significantly mitigated by two-metal-layer shielding topology. In vivo validation of the fabricated optoelectrode confirmed the successful light-induced modulation of neuronal activities in hippocampus with square optical pulses of 100-ms duration.
Anxiety in Later Life

The spectrum of anxiety disorders occurring in later life is diverse and includes the same disorders that occur with younger adults—such as generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder—but also unique presentations, including a fear of falling and the anxiety often seen in various neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, diagnosis and treatment are arguably more challenging in older populations. In addition, many older adults have subthreshold symptoms that can benefit from proper management. This article summarizes the literature on anxiety disorder presentations in later life and offers key recommendations to assist clinicians working with this growing population.
Identification of novel RNA isoforms of LMNA.

The nuclear lamina is a proteinaceous meshwork situated underneath the inner nuclear membrane and is composed of nuclear lamin proteins, which are type-V intermediate filaments. The LMNA gene gives...
Study of high baryon density QCD matter at J-PARC-HI

Abstract J-PARC is a Japanese proton synchrotron accelerator facility, and is under consideration of an upgrade for accelerating heavy ions. A beam rate of about 10 11 Hz is expected with the upgraded accelerator scheme, with which the QCD phase structure, hadrons under a high baryon density, and multi-strange hypernuclei can be studied. In this paper, we discuss the plan for the upgrade and the conceptual design of the detectors for several physics cases.
Vigilance-Associated Gamma Oscillations Coordinate the Ensemble Activity of Basolateral Amygdala Neurons.

Principal basolateral amygdala (BL) neurons profoundly influence motivated behaviors, yet few of them are activated by emotionally valenced stimuli. Here, we show that a likely explanation for this paradox is the synchronizing influence of the high-gamma rhythm. High-gamma (75-95 Hz) entrained BL firing more strongly than all other rhythms. It was most pronounced during states of increased vigilance, when rats were apprehensive. Relative to behavioral states, high-gamma produced minor changes in firing rates yet dramatic increases in synchrony. Moreover, connected pairs of cells showed similarly high levels of entrainment and synchronization. Unexpectedly, prefrontal- and accumbens-projecting cells, respectively, showed high and low entrainment by high-gamma, indicating that this rhythm differentially synchronizes the activity of BL neurons projecting to specific sites. Overall, our findings suggest that individual BL neurons encode information not only by changing their firing rates, but also by synchronizing their collective activity, amplifying their impact on target structures.
The Costs of Secondary Migration: Perspectives from Local Voluntary Agencies in the USA

In recent years, as the need for global refugee assistance has increased, so have fears and concerns of the costs of refugee resettlement in Western nations. Now, seemingly more than ever, international security and regional development depend largely on the composition and distribution of the world population. In many Western nations, dispersal policies are specifically designed to manage the distribution of recently arrived refugees. Secondary migration presents a challenge to the goals of dispersal policies and raises questions regarding regional development, population pressures, job security, welfare dependency, and the future of global refugee assistance. We survey administrators and caseworkers in a series of qualitative interviews about their experiences with secondary migration. We conclude that the US refugee resettlement system is ill-equipped in handling the complications of secondary migration. These results lead us to reimagine a better strategy for achieving the goals of refugee resettlement.
Four phases in the history of the Moroccan private press

The ever-mutating socio-political environment within which the Moroccan private press has evolved since the beginning of the 1990s has made it difficult for researchers to trace its general feature...
Related Factors in the Progression of Microangiopathy in KK Mice

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses certain findings based on studies of 130 KK and 64 S1 mice equally distributed according to age and sex. To identify the glomerular lesions more precisely, a temporary histological working classification was employed. The chapter illustrates an incidence of significant glomerular lesions among KK and control mice of both sexes. The diabetic syndrome in KK mice is not only associated with a higher incidence of glomerulosclerosis at an early age but it also accelerates the development of kidney pathology. There is no correlation between the degree of impairment in tolerance to glucose and the incidence of severe glomerulopathy when the glucose area levels throughout life are employed for evaluation of the degree of glucose dysmetabolism in KK mice. Correlative studies of severe glomerulopathy and degree of intolerance to glucose, based on 2 SD, gave similar negative results.
Regulation, maturation and function of tomato fruit polygalacturonase.

Ripening represents a major transition in tomato fruit development. This developmental transition is manifested by alterations in metabolism that contribute to final fruit colour, flavour and texture. It has been proposed, and a great deal of supporting evidence advanced, that these alterations in metabolism result from specific alterations in gene expression (Briggs et al., 1986; DellaPenna et al., 1986; Lincoln et al., 1987; Mansson et al., 1985; Maunders et al., 1987; Rattanapanone et al., 1978; Speirs et al., 1984).
Clinical expression, genetics and therapy of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was the first known cause of primary immunodeficiency. Over the past 25 years the basis for immune deficiency has largely been established. Now it appears that ADA deficiency may also cause hepatic toxicity, raising new questions about its pathogenesis. The ADA gene has been sequenced and the ADA three-dimensional structure solved. The relationship between genotype and phenotype is being analysed, and ADA deficiency has become a focus for novel approaches to enzyme replacement and gene therapy.
Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering in Nitrogen Fixation

Biological nitrogen fixation is a complex and tightly regulated process limited to a group of prokaryotic species known as diazotrophs. Among well-studied diazotrophs, Azotobacter vinelandii is the best studied for its convenience of aerobic growth, its high levels of nitrogenase expression, and its genetic tractability. This chapter includes protocols and strategies in the molecular biology and genetic engineering of A. vinelandii that have been used as valuable tools for advancing studies on the biosynthesis, mechanism, and regulation of nitrogen fixation.
Nanostructured Silica-Gel Doped with TiO 2 for Mercury Vapor Control

A novel high surface area SiO2–TiO2 composite has been developed for elemental mercury vapor removal from combustion sources. The composite exhibits synergistic adsorption and photocatalytic oxidation. Mercury vapor in the gas stream is adsorbed, oxidized and stays on the composite. The composite has demonstrated a high mercury capacity (1512ug/g) although in its current 3-mm pellet form only the outer layer is effectively utilized. The loading of 13% TiO2 shows the best removal, both with and without UV irradiation. Increasing TiO2 loading beyond this level does not enhance the removal further. It has also been observed that the composite after being 'activated' by photocatalytic oxidation has better performance, probably due to the change of surface functional groups. The examination of the effects of flow velocity reveals that mass transfer is the rate limiting step. Relative humidity has been found to impede adsorption therefore decreasing the overall removal efficiency. By rinsing with acid, both the deposited mercury and composite can be regenerated.
The Omics Revolution Continues: The Maturation of High-Throughput Biological Data Sources

Objective: The aim is to provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the art omics approaches, including proteomics, metabolomics, cell-free DNA, and patient cohort matching algorithms in precision oncology. Methods: In the past several years, the cancer informatics revolution has been the beneficiary of a data explosion. Different complementary omics technologies have begun coming into their own to provide a more nuanced view of the patient-tumor interaction beyond that of DNA alterations. A combined approach is beneficial to the patient as nearly all new cancer therapeutics are designed with an omics biomarker in mind. Proteomics and metabolomics provide us with a means of assaying in real-time the response of the tumor to treatment. Circulating cell-free DNA may allow us to better understand tumor heterogeneity and interactions with the host genome. Results: Integration of increasingly available omics data increases our ability to segment patients into smaller and smaller cohorts, thereby prompting a shift in our thinking about how to use these omics data. With large repositories of patient omics-outcomes data being generated, patient cohort matching algorithms have become a dominant player. Conclusions: The continued promise of precision oncology is to select patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment and to avoid toxicity for those who will not. The increased public availability of omics and outcomes data in patients, along with improved computational methods and resources, are making precision oncology a reality.
Whole-tree nonstructural carbohydrate storage and seasonal dynamics in five temperate species

Despite the importance of nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) for growth and survival in woody plants, we know little about whole-tree NSC storage. The conventional theory suggests that NSC reserves will increase over the growing season and decrease over the dormant season. Here, we compare storage in five temperate tree species to determine the size and seasonal fluctuation of whole-tree total NSC pools as well as the contribution of individual organs. NSC concentrations in the branches, stemwood, and roots of 24 trees were measured across 12 months. We then scaled up concentrations to the whole-tree and ecosystem levels using allometric equations and forest stand inventory data. While whole-tree total NSC pools followed the conventional theory, sugar pools peaked in the dormant season and starch pools in the growing season. Seasonal depletion of total NSCs was minimal at the whole-tree level, but substantial at the organ level, particularly in branches. Surprisingly, roots were not the major storage organ as branches stored comparable amounts of starch throughout the year, and root reserves were not used to support springtime growth. Scaling up NSC concentrations to the ecosystem level, we find that commonly used, process-based ecosystem and land surface models all overpredict NSC storage.
Electro-Thermal Graph-Based Modeling for Hierarchical Control with Application to an Electric Vehicle

This paper presents a high-order graph-based model for an electric vehicle (EV) and decomposes the model into a hierarchy suitable for use in hierarchical control. The increased electrification of vehicular systems generates electrothermal performance challenges, and hierarchical control is a strong candidate to mitigate these issues. In order to implement hierarchical control, a multi-level hierarchy of electro-thermal models is necessary. Numerous studies provide electro-thermal models, but this literature is decoupled from the results on hierarchy development through graph clustering techniques. This paper couples these bodies of literature by providing three contributions. First, previous graph-based modeling techniques are extended to include high-order models of electrical components. Second, these techniques are applied to an EV system to produce an EV graph-based model. Third, a graph clustering algorithm is applied to the vehicle model to generate a hierarchy of models. By defining an energy-based clustering metric, the vertices within each level of the hierarchy are partitioned to avoid breaking important power flow connections. This yields a hierarchy of models that can facilitate hierarchical control algorithm development and improve performance of electrified systems.
Continuing evidence of Chagas disease along the Texas-Mexico border.

Background Chagas disease is a chronic parasitic infection that progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy in 30% of human cases. Public health efforts target diagnosing asymptomatic cases, as therapeutic efficacy diminishes as irreversible tissue damage progresses. Physician diagnosis of Chagas disease cases in the United States is low, partially due to lack of awareness of the potential burden in the United States. Methodology/Principal findings The current study tested a patient cohort of 1,196 Starr County, Texas residents using the Hemagen Chagas ELISA Kit as a preliminary screening assay. Samples testing positive using the Hemagen test were subjected to additional confirmatory tests. Two patients (0.17%) without previous Chagas disease diagnosis were identified; both had evidence of acquiring disease in the United States or along the Texas-Mexico border. Conclusions/Significance The Texas-Mexico border is a foci of Chagas disease human cases, with a local disease burden potentially twice the national estimate of Hispanic populations. It is imperative that physicians consider persons with residential histories along the Texas-Mexico border for Chagas disease testing.
Protein synthesis and the onset of intracellular bacteriophage growth

Highly 32 P-labeled T2 phages become refractory to inactivation by radioactive decay within the first 10 min of their intracellular growth in the E. coli host cell. This stabilization against decay does not occur if infection takes place in the presence of chloramphenicol. If chloramphenicol is added to the infected culture only after the 4th min of intracellular growth of labeled T2, then stabilization is arrested at a stage intermediate between full sensitivity and complete resistance to decay. Hence protein synthesis is required not only for the start but also throughout the course of the stabilization process. Protein synthesis is also required for the intracellular decay stabilization of phage T1, whose DNAcontains the same purine and pyrimidine bases as the bacterial host. It is unlikely, therefore, that the protein required for the stabilization process represents only the de novo enzymes of the metabolism of phage-specific DNA constituents. It seems more probable that, depending on the mechanism underlying the stabilization process, this protein either “activates” the replication of individual viral DNA molecules or represents the viral gene products.
Duke University’s huge misconduct fine is a reminder to reward rigour

US$112.5-million settlement concerning fraudulent data is a casualty of a culture that prizes impact over robustness, says Arturo Casadevall. US$112.5-million settlement concerning fraudulent data is a casualty of a culture that prizes impact over robustness, says Arturo Casadevall.
LongShoT: long-range synchronization of time

Low-Power Wide Area Networks, such as LoRaWAN, are rapidly gaining popularity in the field of wireless sensing and actuation. While LoRaWan is heavily studied in applications and performance, the concept of time has rarely been characterized in such networks. Many applications will require synchronized local clocks with varying levels of precision in order to maintain consistency and coordination in the network. Traditional time synchronization protocols however do not fit LoRaWAN's delay-inherent, low duty cycle, network model and wide-area deployment topology. Meanwhile, relying on GPS for time is not an option for low-power applications. In this paper, we present LongShoT, a time synchronization scheme built on LoRaWan capable of synchronizing device clocks to within 10μs of a reference clock with a single network request. This is achieved by utilizing the deterministic properties of Lo-Ra Wan networks along with hardware- and MAC-level timestamping of packets. LongShoT was implemented on consumer off-the-shelf hardware and evaluated over physically distributed devices using GPS 1PPS as a reference. Our results show that LongShoT achieves an average synchronization error of less than 2μs and compensates oscillator drift to less than 0.1ppm with devices distributed within 4km of a gateway.
Fundamental figure of merit for engineering dipole-dipole interactions

Over the last decade there has been a debate regarding the role of the photonic environment in enhancing, inhibiting and imparting coherence to dipole-dipole interactions. We develop a unified figure of merit to conclusively explain multiple recent experiments. © 2019 The Author(s)