cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstinence at intake for marijuana dependence treatment predicts response

Abstinence prior to entering treatment is common among individuals seeking substance abuse treatment. The current study examined the relationship between abstinence at a pretreatment intake assessment and treatment response during outpatient treatment for marijuana dependence. At the intake assessment, 142 marijuana-dependent individuals completed past 30 day calendars of daily drug use. Forty-four (31%) participants were pretreatment abstainers, as defined by reports of one or more consecutive days of marijuana abstinence prior to the day of the intake assessment. Non-abstainers (69%) reported marijuana use the day prior or the day of the assessment. Pretreatment abstainers were more likely to enter treatment (P < 0.05) and showed better treatment response than non-abstainers. Abstainers provided 50% more marijuana-negative urine screens during treatment (P < 0.05), and more than three times as many abstainers reported no marijuana use (P < 0.01). The groups did not differ on treatment completion. Marijuana abstinence at the time of initial clinic contact appears to be a strong predictor of success during treatment. Pretreatment abstinence may prove useful as a pretreatment matching strategy that could improve outcomes and cost-effectiveness. Clinical trials might consider including pretreatment abstinence status as a stratification variable during participant assignment or as a covariate in outcome analyses.
Reparation Labor — A Preliminary Analysis

I. Opposition to compulsory labor after World War I, 313. — Emergence of more favorable views, 314. — Comparison with prisoners of war, 316. — Relation to other policies, 318. — II. Absorption of foreign forced labor, 321. — Labor mobility, 322. — Industrial techniques and state of the arts, 324. — III. Effects of foreign forced labor upon the country using it: the free market economy, 326; the directed economy, 329. — The problem of foreign trade, 334. — IV. Problems of legality and control, 335. — V. Summary, 338.
Acute Effects of Orally Administered Levamisole on Random Monocyte Motility and Chemotaxis in Man

Cellular immune functions were studied in patients with early bladder cancer 2 hours after ingestion of either levamisole or a placebo. Random monocyte motility was significantly increased (P less than 0.025) in 13 of 17 patients receiving levamisole. Monocyte chemotaxis was significantly increased (P less than 0.025) in 16 of the 17 patients. Random monocyte motility and monocyte chemotaxis did not change in either 8 patients on the placebo or in 15 normal controls. Monocytes from normal donors showed increased random motility and chemotaxis after incubation with levamisole in vitro. These results indicated that increases in peripheral blood monocyte motility followed oral administration of levamisole. Kinetic studies indicated that these effects were rapid in onset and short lived.
On Light Pollution, Passive Pleasures, and the Instrumental Value of Beauty

The night sky is a unique and exquisitely valuable cultural asset that is being lost to humanity. Light pollution obscures the heavens, interferes with wildlife, and wastes billions of dollars in energy annually. Light pollution can be easily mitigated, but unfortunately, it has gone largely unnoticed as a preventable environmental problem. This paper examines light pollution as well as the value of the night sky. The paper focuses on society's disregard for the loss of a cultural asset that has been a part of art, science, and culture for as long as these things have existed. It argues that the blame lies largely in an inability to articulate adequately the value of natural beauty. It is further argued that such beauty has instrumental value, and the explicit recognition of this value is an important step toward preserving the night sky and other objects of natural beauty.
Biodiversity maintenance mechanisms differ between native and novel exotic‐dominated communities

In many systems, native communities are being replaced by novel exotic-dominated ones. We experimentally compared species diversity decline between nine-species grassland communities under field conditions to test whether diversity maintenance mechanisms differed between communities containing all exotic or all native species using a pool of 40 species. Aboveground biomass was greater in exotic than native plots, and this difference was larger in mixtures than in monocultures. Species diversity declined more in exotic than native communities and declines were explained by different mechanisms. In exotic communities, overyielding species had high biomass in monoculture and diversity declined linearly as this selection effect increased. In native communities, however, overyielding species had low biomass in monoculture and there was no relationship between the selection effect and diversity decline. This suggests that, for this system, yielding behaviour is fundamentally different between presumably co-evolved natives and coevolutionarily naive exotic species, and that native-exotic status is important to consider.
Diagnosis and treatment of megaesophagus after adjustable gastric banding for morbid obesity.

Abstract Background Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) can impair esophageal peristalsis and can also cause a lack of relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, possibly leading to esophageal dilation. The aim of the present study was to determine the incidence of megaesophagus, the role of preoperative manometry in predicting its occurrence, and the management of megaesophagus after gastric banding in the setting of a research clinic. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. A total of 257 patients underwent LAGB from January 2002 to December 2006. The incidence of megaesophagus, its relationship to the preoperative esophageal manometry and upper gastrointestinal series findings, and the treatment of patients with this complication were analyzed. Results Of the 257 patients, 5 (1.9%) presented with megaesophagus after gastric banding. The mean interval to development was 32 months (range 24–36). The diagnosis was made using the symptoms, signs, and upper gastrointestinal series findings. The preoperative esophageal manometry findings were normal in 4 (80%) of these 5 patients, and 1 patient (20%) had a nonspecific motility disorder. The mean age was 54.5 years (range 30–76). The mean preoperative weight was 127.1 kg (range 112.7–145.9), and the body mass index was 43.2 kg/m 2 (range 41–49). In all cases, the management of megaesophagus was gastric band removal. All the patients improved partially after band deflation but required band removal because of continued symptoms. Conclusion Megaesophagus is a possible late complication after LAGB. The preoperative manometry results cannot predict for its occurrence. The management of megaesophagus caused by LAGB requires, in most cases, band removal.
Terahertz Gain on Inter-Valence-Band Transitions in Multilayer Delta-Doped p-GaAs Structures

A concept for a terahertz laser in vapor-phase-grown homoepitaxial GaAs with spatially periodic doping profile was theoretically explored. Monte Carlo simulation of hole transport in multilayer delta-doped p-GaAs/GaAs structures in crossed electric and magnetic fields was performed to investigate possibilities of the terahertz amplification on intervalence-band light-to-heavy hole transitions. The results are compared to those calculated for uniformly doped bulk p-GaAs and recently proposed p-Ge/Ge structures. The improvement in the gain for delta-doped p-GaAs structures is about ~2-3 times over bulk p-GaAs. Terahertz laser generation in the considered GaAs device concept appears feasible, as is growth of structures with active thicknesses sufficient to support quasioptical cavity solutions at 100 μm vacuum wavelengths. Potential applications for the considered laser device include sensing of chem/bio agents and explosives, biomedical imaging, non-destructive testing, and communications.
Deductive Runtime Certification

This paper introduces a notion of certified computation whereby an algorithm not only produces a result r for a given input x, but also proves that r is a correct result for x. This can greatly enhance the credibility of the result: if we trust the axioms and inference rules that are used in the proof, then we can be assured that r is correct. Typically, the reasoning used in a certified computation is much simpler than the computation itself. We present and analyze two examples of certifying algorithms.We have developed denotational proof languages (DPLs) as a uniform platform for certified computation. DPLs integrate computation and deduction seamlessly, offer strong soundness guarantees, and provide versatile mechanisms for constructing proofs and proof-search methods. We have used DPLs to implement numerous well-known algorithms as certifiers, ranging from sorting algorithms to compiler optimizations, the Hindley-Milner W algorithm, Prolog engines, and more.
TRANSPORTATION POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN AND AMERICAN UNIONS COMPARED Lessons in Transportation Federalism

The United States (U.S.) and the European Union (EU) represent different models of federalism. This paper uses the U.S. and the EU as a case study in order to draw out lessons on how to best organize central government transportation policy. The main difference between the two areas, as far as transportation policy is concerned, is in the degree of centralization and in the form of institutional management. The better system in terms of transportation policy is an unresolved question. The EU’s focus on broad strategic management might benefit the polyglot federalism of the U.S. On the other hand, the U.S. system might have a better balance between local and central power than the EU. The U.S. also offers an admirable grant-in-aid system.
A framework for battery-aware sensor management

A distributed sensor network (DSN) designed to cover a given region R, is said to be alive if there is at least one subset of sensors that can collectively cover (sense) the region R. When no such subset exists, the network is said to be dead. A key challenge in the design of a DSN is to maximize the operational life of the network. Since sensors are typically powered by batteries, this requires maximizing the battery lifetime. One way to achieve this is to determine the optimal schedule for transitioning sets of sensors between active and inactive states while satisfying user specified performance constraints. This requires identification of feasible subsets (covers) of sensors and a scheme for switching between such subsets. We present an algorithmic solution to compute all the sensor covers in an implicit manner by formulating the problem as unate covering problem (UCP). The representation of all possible sensor sets is extremely efficient and can accommodate very large number of sensor covers. The representation and formulation makes it possible to consider the residual battery charge when switching between covers. We develop algorithms for switching between sensor covers aimed at maximizing the lifetime of the network. The algorithms take into account the transmission/reception costs of sensors, a user specified quality constraint and also utilize a novel battery model that accounts for the rate-dependent capacity effect and charge recovery during idle periods. Our simulation results show that lifetime improvement can be achieved by exploiting the charge recovery process. The work presented here constitutes a framework for battery aware sensor management in which various types of constraints can be incorporated and a range of other communication protocols can be examined.
STAR3D: a stack-based RNA 3D structural alignment tool

The various roles of versatile non-coding RNAs typically require the attainment of complex high-order structures. Therefore, comparing the 3D structures of RNA molecules can yield in-depth understanding of their functional conservation and evolutionary history. Recently, many powerful tools have been developed to align RNA 3D structures. Although some methods rely on both backbone conformations and base pairing interactions, none of them consider the entire hierarchical formation of the RNA secondary structure. One of the major issues is that directly applying the algorithms of matching 2D structures to the 3D coordinates is particularly time-consuming. In this article, we propose a novel RNA 3D structural alignment tool, STAR3D, to take into full account the 2D relations between stacks without the complicated comparison of secondary structures. First, the 3D conserved stacks in the inputs are identified and then combined into a tree-like consensus. Afterward, the loop regions are compared one-to-one in accordance with their relative positions in the consensus tree. The experimental results show that the prediction of STAR3D is more accurate for both non-homologous and homologous RNAs than other state-of-the-art tools with shorter running time.
Social Ecology: Lost and Found in Psychological Science.

This article presents a socioecological approach (accounting for physical, societal, and interpersonal environments) to psychological theorizing and research. First, we demonstrate that economic systems, political systems, religious systems, climates, and geography exert a distal yet important influence on human mind and behavior. Second, we summarize the historical precedents of socioecological psychology. There have been several waves of ecological movements with distinct emphases in the history of psychological science, such as K. Lewin’s (1936, 1939) field theory and U. Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) ecological approach to human development. Environmental and community psychologies, created in the late 1960s and early 1970s, promoted social activism through basic and applied research on ecological factors and social outcomes. Most recently, the rise of cultural psychology has encouraged psychologists to pay attention to cultural factors in basic psychological processes, but note that less attention has been given to socioecological factors per se. We highlight the benefits of bringing the socioecological perspective back to mainstream psychological theorizing and research.
Beam nonparaxiality, filament formation, and beam breakup in the self-focusing of optical beams

The paraxial wave equation, as is well known, predicts the catastrophic collapse of self-focusing beams. It is pointed out that this collapse is due to the loss of validity of the paraxial wave equation in the neighborhood of a self-focus. If nonparaxiality of the beam propagation is taken into account, on the other hand, a lower limit of the order of one optical wavelength is imposed on the diameter of a self-focus. A nonparaxial algorithm for the Helmholtz equation is applied to the self-focusing of Gaussian and ring-shaped beams. The self-focusing is noncatastrophic, and the results give insight into filament formation and beam breakup resulting from the self-focusing of optical beams.
Dynamic range and finite word effects in digital implementation of the LMS algorithm

The effect of a 1-e/sup -x/ saturation type nonlinearity on the weight update in LMS (least-mean-squares) adaptation is investigated for a white Gaussian data model. Nonlinear difference equations are derived for the weight first and second moments. A nonlinear difference equation for the mean norm is explicitly solved by a differential equation approximation and integration by quadratures. The steady-state second-moment-weight behavior is evaluated approximately. Using these results, the tradeoff between the extent of weight update saturation, steady-state excess mean-square-error, and rate of algorithm convergence is studied. For the same steady-state misadjustment error, the tradeoff shows that: (1) starting with a sign detector, the convergence rate is increased by nearly a factor of two for each additional bit, and (2) as the number of bits is increased further, the additional bits buy very little in convergence speed, asymptotically approaching the behavior of the linear model. >
Design and demonstration of PECVD multilayer dielectric mirrors optimized for micromachined cavity angled sidewalls

This paper reports on the design and implementation of high efficiency, nonmetallic reflectors integrated on the sidewalls of micromachined cavities. Due to shadowing from deposition within a cavity, significant variation in the thicknesses of the dielectric thin films composing the reflectors are encountered when the layers are deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). These gradients in thickness limit the performance of the reflector at the intended design wavelength. An optimized design procedure is described to maximize the performance of the reflector at the D1 absorption wavelength of 87 Rb of 795 nm for use in micromachined atomic vapor cells. The reflector design is based on multiple shifted quarter wave Bragg reflectors in series, which extends the reflective bandwidth for increased robustness to film thickness gradients. The extended reflectance range maintains high reflection at the design wavelength despite greater than 70% decrease in film thickness across the reflector surface. The reflector technology is ideally suited for use in atomic MEMS vapor cell applications by achieving high reflectance while maintaining light polarization. We demonstrate less than 2 dB of return loss with circular polarization ellipticity maintained to ±2
Manual Lymphatic Drainage Therapy

Health care providers are constantly confronted with the challenge of providing quality health care while at the same time containing escalating costs. Incorporating complementary therapies into standard health care practices can assist in escalating the healing process, enhancing general wellness, focusing on prevention, and promoting a better quality of life. This article discusses manual lymphatic drainage therapy and identifies the value of as well the indications for the therapy. A brief overview of the lymphatic system is included.
In vitro C5a generation by synthetic vascular prostheses: implications for graft incorporation in vivo.

C5a, released during activation of the complement cascade, was measured by radioimmunoassay in human plasma incubated with Dacron, preclotted Dacron, glutaraldehyde treated human umbilical vein (HUV), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and Dacron-collagen composite vascular grafts. Expressed as percent of C5a in control plasma incubated without graft, C5a generation by preclotted Dacron, and by the HUV was similar to that by Dacron (941±206 % S.E.M.), while that due to PTFE was markedly less (p=0.005). The Dacron-collagen composite vascular graft also generated significantly less C5a than Dacron and was similar to PTFE in this respect.These results expand on previous work suggesting that lower C5a generation by PTFE explained the negligible polymorphonuclear infiltrate seen on its surface in vivo, allowing it to endothelialise as rapidly as Dacron despite poorer attachment of seeded endothelial cells. The role of complement as a factor limiting endothelialisation of synthetic vascular prostheses needs furthe...
Valuation of Partially-Controlled Investments

This paper contrasts the valuation of accounting numbers related to two classes of assets - the internally managed, fully-controlled assets versus the "significant influence" investments, that is, investments where the investing firm exercises influence, but not control, over the assets. We find that the earnings stream from partially-controlled investments, despite the purported growth potential of these investments, is valued significantly less than controlled earnings. We show that it is primarily the greater probability of adaptation for these assets and the use of these assets for off-balance sheet financing purposes that makes investors discount this earnings component. We also find that book value plays a more salient valuation role for partially-controlled investments than it does for controlled investments. Finally, we find that the valuation of earnings and book value of the partially-controlled segment is more sensitive to overall firm health than the valuation of the controlled segment.
Intramolecular carbolithiation as a route to a sterically congested cyclopentene: synthesis of the longtailed mealybug pheromone.

A concise preparation of the pheromone secreted by the female longtailed mealybug [viz., 2-(1,5,5-trimethylcyclopent-2-en-1-yl)ethyl acetate] (1) is described. The key step in the synthesis of 1 involves 5-exo-trig ring closure of the vinyllithium derived from (Z)-1-iodo-4,4,5-trimethyl-1,5-hexadiene by lithium–iodine exchange.
A Revised Edition: A Manual for Trustees of Colleges and Universities

(1947). A Revised Edition: A Manual for Trustees of Colleges and Universities. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 55-55.
The Effects of Certain Sugars and Amino Acids Upon the Respiration of Allomyces

This study involves the use of oxygen consumption measurements, made by means of the Fenn differential volumeter, to determine the ability of four species of Allomyces (A. arbuscula, A. javanicus, ...
Comparison of the diagnosis coincidence rate of viral hepatitis B in Wenzhou between 2006 and 2011

Objective To compare the status quo of the reports of hepatitis B cases and the quality of the reports of hepatitis B between 2006and 2011,and to provide scientific information for further regulating the report system of hepatitis B in medical institutions.Methods Respectively eighteen and twenty-three medical institutions were hierarchically sampled between 2006and 2011.The experimental results of viral hepatitis B cases were verified according to the national diagnosis standard.Results Totally 1 017and 1 679cases were verified with the experimental results in 2006and 2011respectively.The diagnosis coincidence rate was 58.80%and 63.19%.In 2006,the coincidence rate of hepatitis B in prefectural hospitals and civic hospitals was the highest,and that in township health centers was the lowest.But in 2011,the rate in township health centers was the highest,and that in provincial hospitals was the lowest.The most important reason for the disaccord was that hepatitis B carriers were falsely diagnosed.The rates were 81.38% and 70.23%respectively and had statistical significance(χ2=219.454,P0.01).Conclusions The diagnosis coincidence rate of hepatitis B increased,especially in township hospitals.In medical institution training should be strengthened and self-examination work of the diagnosis and report of viral hepatitis B should be carried out.Improving the communication mechanism contributes to the increase in the quality of the reports of infectious diseases.
Selection of neutralizer in a hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and observation on germicidal efficacy

Objective:To select the neutralizer that suitable for Kangdi Hydrogen Peroxide Disinfectant and test its germicidal efficacy.Methods:Test of primary selection and identification of the neutralizer and suspension quantitative germicidal test.Results:The TPS solution containing 1.5% of hyposulfite can neutralize 3% of hydrogen peroxide effectively.Both the neutralizer itself and product of the neutralization have a negative impact on the growth of staphylococcus aureus;The average reduction factor(log10) of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherfection coli esposed to the 10-fold diluted disinfectant(containing 3% of Hydrogen peroxide) for 10 minutes was ≥5.0.Conclusion:This disinfectant has a good germicidal efficacy and the TPS solution containing 1.5% of hyposulfite can be used as the neutralizer in this germicidal test.
Complexities of Analysis in Cross-Cultural Research

Postmodern researchers have long recognized that knowledge, the analyses that led to it, and, hence, the actions that come from it are filtered through the researcher’s way of viewing the world. What humans see and hear and feel and even sense is affected by present circumstances and past experience. If we come in from outside on a cold day, the inside can feel very warm until we sit still long enough to realize that it isn’t quite warm enough. Our experience of reality is situated in place, in culture, in gender, in time. Truth is seen through our complicated bundle of identities and resultant standpoints. I used to wear a light sweater as a grown woman on a cool day and still bundle my infant granddaughter, whose circulation was no doubt better than mine, in a number of blankets, until some knowledge about circulatory systems and logic intervened. My initial grandmotherly lens on an infant’s need for wrappings might have been absorbed from my mother and her grandmother, until logic and the viewing of lightly wrapped children in other cultures intervened. And with, for instance, a poem, an important part of what meaning it initially makes for us has to do with its consonance or dissonance with our own experience, experience that reflects, infects, and affects our sense of its meaning. It is often when others with different experience weigh in on the same poem that our perspectives can grow and readjust. Thus it can be with data analysis. Stuck in our own standpoint/perspective, our ability to analyze can be limited.
The XSEDE BLAST Gateway: Leveraging Campus Development for the XSEDE Community

This paper describes an XSEDE Extended Collaboration Support Service (ECSS) effort on scaling a campus-developed online BLAST service (BLASTer) into an XSEDE gateway to help bridge the gap between genomic researchers and advanced computing and data environments like those found in the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE) network. Biologists and geneticists all over the world use the suite of Basic Local Alignment Search Tools (BLAST) developed by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) throughout the full spectrum of genomic research. It has become one of the de facto bioinformatics applications used in all variety of computing environments. BLASTer allows researchers to achieve those tasks faster and without expert computing knowledge by converting BLAST jobs to parallel executions. It handles all of the details of computation submission, execution, and database access for users through an intuitive web-based interface provided by the unique features of the HUBzero gateway platform. This paper details the core development of BLASTer for campus computing resources at Purdue University, some of its successes among the user community, and the current efforts by an ECSS scientific gateways project from XSEDE to include data-intensive use of resources like Wrangler at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) in the XSEDE network. The lessons learned from this project will be used to bring other XSEDE computing resources to BLASTer in the future and other programs like BLASTer to XSEDE users.
Brain Structure Biomarkers in the Psychosis Biotypes: Findings From the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes

Abstract Background The current definitions of psychotic illness lack biological validity, motivating alternative biomarker-driven disease entities. Building on experimental constructs—Biotypes—that were previously developed from cognitive and neurophysiologic measures, we contrast brain anatomy characteristics across Biotypes alongside conventional diagnoses, examining gray matter density (GMD) as an independent validator for the Biotypes. Methods Whole brain GMD measures were examined in probands, their relatives, and healthy subjects organized by Biotype and then by DSM-IV-TR diagnosis ( n = 1409) using voxel-based morphometry with subsequent subject-level regional characterization and distribution analyses. Results Probands grouped by Biotype versus healthy controls showed a stepwise pattern of GMD reductions as follows: Biotype1, extensive and diffusely distributed GMD loss, with the largest effects in frontal, anterior/middle cingulate cortex, and temporal regions; Biotype2, intermediate and more localized reductions, with the largest effects in insula and frontotemporal regions; and Biotype3, small reductions localized to anterior limbic regions. Relatives showed regionally distinct GMD reductions versus healthy controls, with primarily anterior (frontotemporal) effects in Biotype1; posterior (temporo-parieto-cerebellar) in Biotype2; and normal GMD in Biotype3. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective probands versus healthy controls showed overlapping GMD reductions, with the largest effects in frontotemporal and parietal regions; psychotic bipolar probands had small reductions, primarily in frontal regions. GMD changes in relatives followed regional patterns observed in probands, albeit less extensive. Biotypes showed stronger between-group separation based on GMD than the conventional diagnoses and were the strongest predictor of GMD change. Conclusions GMD biomarkers depicted unique brain structure characteristics within Biotypes, consistent with their cognitive and sensorimotor profiles, and provided stronger discrimination for biologically driven biotypes than symptom-based diagnoses.
Electrophysiological correlates of semantic memory retrieval in Gulf War Syndrome 2 patients.

Abstract Gulf War veterans meeting criteria for Haley Syndrome 2 of Gulf War illness endorse a particular constellation of symptoms that include difficulty with processing information, word-finding, and confusion. To explore the neural basis of their word-finding difficulty, we assessed event-related potentials (ERPs) associated with semantic memory retrieval in 22 veterans classified as Syndrome 2 and 28 veterans who served as controls. We recorded EEGs while subjects judged whether pairs of words that represented object features combined to elicit a retrieval of an object memory or no retrieval. Syndrome 2 subjects' responses were significantly slower, and those participants were less accurate than controls on the retrieval trials, but they performed similarly on the nonretrieval trials. Analysis of the ERPs revealed a difference between retrievals and nonretrievals that has previously been detected around 750 ms at the left temporal region was present in both the Syndrome 2 patients and controls. However, the Syndrome 2 patients also showed an ERP difference between retrievals and nonretrievals at the midline parietal region that had a scalp voltage polarity opposite from that recorded at the left temporal area. We hypothesize that the similarities between task performance and ERP patterns in Syndrome 2 veterans and in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment reflect disordered thalamic cholinergic neural activity, possibly in the dorsomedial nucleus.
Pharmaceutical industry payments and oncologist drug selection.

6510Background: Financial relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry are common, and have the potential to influence clinical practice in potentially inappropriate ways. Oncology may be an ideal setting to study the influence of industry payments on physician drug choice given the high levels of competition for market share and high prices commanded by orally administered oncologic drugs. Methods: We linked the Open Payments database of industry-physician financial transactions with the Medicare Part D Prescriber file by physician name and practice location. We used McFadden’s conditional logit model to determine whether receipt of industry payments was associated with higher odds of using a drug manufactured by the same company. We applied this model to clinical scenarios in which oncologists may choose between multiple, on-patent drugs: metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) (sunitinib, sorafenib, and pazopanib) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib). ...
Locating Irish Romanticism in Mary Tighe’s Poetry and Prose

But hie thee hence! & thou my Foe, Whose fatal blasts I dread no more;For once, propitious Eastwind! blow, And waft us to our Isle’s green shore. (Mary Tighe, “Address to the West Wind” 37...
TCT-85 Contemporary Outcomes of Isolated Bioprosthetic Tricuspid Valve Replacement: A Benchmark for Transcatheter Tricuspid Valve Replacement

There is a growing interest in transcatheter therapies for tricuspid regurgitation (TTVR), with several dedicated systems in development. Contemporary outcomes of bioprosthetic tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) surgery can be used as a benchmark for TTVR until randomized trials in the field are
Phytohormone-Mediated Tumorigenesis by Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

visible morphological distortions of the plants they infect. Past studies on the effects of these particular pathogen-host interactions have been mainly descriptive and the precise mechanisms which cause these distortion were not well understood. Many of the early efforts have been to examine the diseased plant at the site of infection, and few workers have emphasized the detailed study of the pathogen itself. As stressed previously (Kado, 1976), the rewards will be great when we gain a comprehensive knowledge of the pathogen of interest. This is clearly evidenced by the studies of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the results of which have yielded a wealth of new information not only in plant pathology, but also in molecular biology and molecular genetics. Furthermore, the discovery that genetic information is naturally transferred from a prokaryote to an eukaryote during the interaction sets a new precedence in biology.
University Supervisor Perceptions of Live Remote Supervision in Physical Education Teacher Education

ABSTRACTWith advancement in modern technology, it is now possible for student teaching supervisors to virtually observe lessons remotely through the use of live video remote supervision. This innovation requires less overall funding (i.e., travel costs) and allows for highly qualified university professionals to provide direct feedback to student teachers. A phenomenological case-study approach was used to explore university supervisors’ perceptions and experiences with live remote supervision. Data from post-observation survey logs and a culminating focus group were collected from current physical education teacher education (PETE) program university supervisors (n = 3) from two separate higher education institutions. An interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was conducted to best find meaning in the participants’ personal experiences. Qualitative results showed: (a) the iPad’s field of vision restricted the university supervisor from viewing all student teacher actions, though this was offset by i...
Effects of molecular architecture on morphology and photophysics in conjugated polymers: from single molecules to bulk

Conjugated polymers (CPs) possess a wide range of desirable properties, including accessible energetic bandgaps, synthetic versatility, and mechanical flexibility, which make them attractive for flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices. An accurate and comprehensive understanding about the morphology–photophysics relations in CPs lays the groundwork for their development in these applications. However, due to the complex roles of chemical structure, side-chains, backbone, and intramolecular interactions, CPs can exhibit heterogeneity in both their morphology and optoelectronic properties even at the single chain level. This molecular level heterogeneity together with complicated intermolecular interactions found in bulk CP materials severely obscures the deterministic information about the morphology and photophysics at different hierarchy levels. To counter this complexity and offer a clearer picture for the properties of CP materials, we highlight the approach of probing material systems with specific structural features via single molecule/aggregate spectroscopy (SMS). This review article covers recent advances achieved through such an approach regarding the important morphological and photophysical properties of CPs. After a brief review of the typical characteristics of CPs, we present detailed discussions of structurally well-defined model systems of CPs, from manipulated backbones and side-chains, up to nano-aggregates, studied with SMS to offer deterministic relations between morphology and photophysics from single chains building up to bulk states.
CATHETER DIRECTED THROMBOLYSIS OF THE INFERIOR VENA CAVA AND BILATERAL RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS

Thrombus formation is a significant complication of unretrievable inferior vena cava filters. This case recognizes the role of catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) of the Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) and bilateral renal vein thrombosis (RVT) in setting of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and renal failure
Recruiting and Retaining Underrepresented Gifted Students

Students from low-income and ethnic minority backgrounds are frequently underrepresented in gifted and talented education (GATE) programs. In this chapter, we contest the typical definition of underrepresentation in GATE, that is, if a group’s percentage of students in a GATE program is substantially lower that that group’s percentage in the school population, underrepresentation is present. We argue that underrepresentation cannot be understood without taking into account the pervasive achievement and excellence gaps that exist. Moreover, given that most definitions of gifted and talented involve performance at a high level, we suggest that students performing at the advanced levels on national achievement tests are a plausible group against which underrepresentation can be benchmarked. We conclude the chapter with several recommendations drawn from the empirical literature within and beyond the field of gifted education for both recruiting students from underrepresented groups into GATE programs and retaining them once they are enrolled. We also acknowledge that addressing the issue of underrepresentation is not a short-term endeavor and requires an enduring commitment at all levels of the school system.
Tourist roles: Needs and the Lifecourse

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between psychological needs and tourist role preference patterns for men and women over the adult lifecourse. A purposive sample of New England (USA) residents ranging in age from 17 to 91 years was surveyed. Three trends in tourist role preference over the lifecourse were observed: roles that decrease in preference, roles that increase in preference, and roles that demonstrate variability. Time series analysis revealed that roles engaged in while on vacation are a function of a complex interplay of satisfied and unsatisfied psychological needs which assert themselves at different stages in the adult lifecourse.
Alexander disease: new insights from genetics.

In 1949, W. S. Alexander described a boy who died at 16 months of age with a history of megalencephaly, hydrocephalus, and psychomotor retardation (1). A striking feature of the pathology in this case was the accumulation of Rosenthal fibers within astrocytes and an associated degeneration or failure of myelination. During the ensuing 15 yr, several similar patients were reported and given such descriptive diagnoses as fibrinoid degeneration of astrocytes, dysmyelinogenic leukodystrophy, fibrinoid leukodystrophy, and megalencephaly with hyaline panneuropathy. When Friede described the sixth case in 1964, he coined the eponym Alexander disease to refer to this fascinating but mysterious childhood disease (2). Subsequently, prominent accumulations of Rosenthal fibers were found in patients who differed in the age of onset, clinical presentation, and distribution of lesions, so that currently 3 forms of Alexander disease are recognized: the infantile, the juvenile, and the adult (3). However, it has been uncertain whether these are all fundamentally the same disease (4). Recent genetic studies implicating mutations in GFAP, the major intermediate filament protein in astrocytes, as a cause of Alexander disease have transformed our view of this disorder and opened new directions for investigation and clinical practice. How these mutations lead to the pathological and clinical manifestations of the disease, and whether this knowledge will lead to a treatment, are now the central questions before us. In this review we survey the current state of understanding of Alexander disease, including classification and diagnostic criteria, and discuss the genetic studies that point toward a common molecular basis for most cases of the disorder. ### Clinical presentations The clinical presentation of patients with Alexander disease varies greatly between the infantile, juvenile, and adult-onset forms (3, 5–7). Within each form, atypical presentations are not uncommon. The infantile form, with onset between birth and about 2 yr of age, …
Test-driving interventions to increase treatment integrity and student outcomes

Behavioral consultation has been shown to be an effective way for school psychologists to work with teachers in implementing interventions for student problem behavior. Some teachers are resistant ...
Fibrin induction of interleukin-8 expression in corneal endothelial cells in vitro.

Purpose Classically, acute and chronic inflammations are characterized by fibrin deposition and a dynamic influx of leukocytes. This leukocyte recruitment, and associated activation, is thought to be dependent on the generation of leukocyte chemotactic factors (LCF). Although the functional existence of LCF in ocular tissue has been demonstrated, the identity, source(s), and mechanisms of induction of these LCF are unclear. The authors investigate the hypothesis that in vitro corneal endothelial cells produce LCF in response to fibrin-induced activation. They further hypothesize that in vivo this fibrin-induced expression of LCF contributes to the leukocyte accumulation associated with ocular injury. Methods Bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCEC) were co-cultured for 3 to 72 hours with physiologic concentrations of highly purified fibrin (0.125 to 2.0 mg/ml) polymerized in situ. At harvest, the conditioned medium was separated from the fibrin matrix by centrifugation and characterized for the presence and nature of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotactic activity. This fibrin-induced LCF was compared to known LCF, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), using standard physical, chemical, and immunologic parameters. Results Conditioned medium from fibrin-treated BCEC exhibited a dose- and time-dependent induction of LCF activity, as verified by checkerboard analysis. This LCF activity was not immunoprecipitated by a polyclonal antibody to bovine fibrinogen, and it was heat stable (60 degrees C, 90 minutes) and protease labile. Isoelectric focusing and gel filtration analysis revealed a major peak of chemotactic activity at pH 8.5 to 9.0 and a molecular weight of 10 kd, respectively. Radioimmunoassay of conditioned medium from fibrin-treated BCEC for IL-8 demonstrated an 11-fold increase in IL-8 antigen for fibrin-treated BCEC compared to control BCEC. Conclusion In vitro, fibrin induces BCEC expression of LCF activity that includes IL-8. In vivo, this fibrin induction of LCF from corneal endothelial cells probably serves to control both leukocyte recruitment and activation within the anterior chamber in general and to corneal endothelium in particular. These studies provide a foundation for understanding the nature, sources, and mechanisms of the LCF generation that contributes to endocular inflammation.
Mandibulofacial dysostosis. Report of three cases.

Abstract 1. 1. Three cases with many of the features of mandibulofacial dysostosis have been presented. 2. 2. The three cases were not hereditary. 3. 3. Rehabilitation of patients with this disorder is best handled by a well-coordinated professional team.
Online Anomaly Detection Using Machine Learning and HPC for Power System Synchrophasor Measurements

This paper presents an online early anomaly detection framework for phasor measurement units (PMUs) to monitor power system dynamics and help prevent blackouts using machine learning approaches. Dynamical machine learning solutions including state space model and Kalman filter are presented in this study to learn the nonlinear and nonstationary PMU measurements and accurately predict system behaviors in real-time. The anomalies can be detected within seconds by comparing the predicted system behaviors with the real system observations. The method proposed in this framework uses PMU data with a given time window (e.g., 5 seconds) using a dynamic nonlinear model, and then predicts system behaviors during the following time window. High prediction accuracy is achieved by applying the dynamic nonlinear model to the real-world PMU measurements - the anomalies detected are successfully validated given the recorded real-world events. High-performance-computing (HPC) techniques are utilized to further reduce computational time to provide real time power system situational awareness.
Single-objective multiphoton light-sheet microscopy for tumor organoid screening

To study cancer progression and drug response, researchers have developed methods to derive tumor organoids from primary tissues, which not only have the same proteomic and genetic abnormalities as the malignant disease but also better replicate tumor behaviors than 2-dimensional culture models. It has been shown that tumor organoids can be used to predict treatment response, understand drug resistance, and study tumor heterogeneity at the individual-patient level. Whereas large-scale production of patient-derived organoids in standard flat-bottom 1,536-well plates has recently been demonstrated for cytotoxicity screening of 3,300 approved drugs, no suitable functional imaging tool can provide rapid 3-dimensional (3D) evaluation over a wide range of cellular states in these mass-produced organoids. The traditional two-photon scanning microscopy is too slow, while the conventional light-sheet microscopy is not compatible with microwell plates. Here we propose a microplate-compatible single-objective multiphoton light-sheet microscopy (SOMP- LSM) that can provide high imaging speed for 3D imaging analysis of organoids and deeper imaging depth with sub-cellular resolution. Our simulation of 3D point-spread function simulation for the SO-MP-LSM shows that our imaging system can achieve 270 nm lateral resolution and 800 nm axial resolution deep into organoids.
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2): Type 2 Immunity and Helminth Immunity

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) have emerged as a major component of type 2 inflammation in mice and humans. ILC2 secrete large amounts of interleukins 5 and 13, which are largely responsible for host protective immunity against helminth parasites because these cytokines induce profound changes in host physiology that include: goblet cell metaplasia, mucus accumulation, smooth muscle hypercontractility, eosinophil and mast cell recruitment, and alternative macrophage activation (M2). This review covers the initial recognition of ILC2 as a distinct cell lineage, the key studies that established their biological importance, particularly in helminth infection, and the new directions that are likely to be the focus of emerging work that further explores this unique cell population in the context of health and disease.