cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on the Serological Response to Additional Measles Vaccinations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Children

Children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often lose their vaccine-induced antibody to measles virus. Before highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), an additional immunization against measles infrequently resulted in protective antibodies. The antibody response to an additional measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination was compared in 28 HIV-infected children who lacked protective antibody to measles virus and were undergoing HAART or non-HAART regimens. Serostatus was measured by automated enzyme-linked immunoassay. Nine (64.3%) of 14 children undergoing HAART, compared with 3 (21.4%) of 14 in the non-HAART group, had antibody to measles virus after the additional vaccination with MMR (P=.027). The groups showed no significant difference in CD4 cell values. Ten of 14 HAART patients had undetectable levels of HIV. The mean HIV load for the HAART group was 27,700 copies/mL (median, <400 copies/mL); for the non-HAART group, it was 86,000 copies/mL (median, 9000 copies/mL). Thus, HAART improves the response to an additional MMR vaccination, which is consistent with immune system reconstitution.
Analysts' use of range information provided in management earnings forecasts.

This paper examines analyst responses to management forecasts issued as a range, a large and growing proportion of those forecasts. We find that information conveyed through the four parameters of the management forecasts - the upper and lower bounds, the width, and the midpoint - explains changes in consensus analysts’ forecasts and changes in the range of those forecasts for the current and future year. In addition, we provide initial evidence that information gleaned from each of these parameters is systematically related to reported earnings and that relying on this information improves analyst accuracy. In sum, we find that analysts react to information conveyed by all four parameters of a management range forecast and that these metrics are informative in large part because they provide information related to future reported earnings.
Greater Britain: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis?

THE FIRST "BRITISH" EMPIRE imposed England's rule over a diverse collection of territories, some geographically contiguous, others joined to the metropolis by navigable seas. The various peoples who inhabited those territories were not all treated alike by English colonists, who extended their power by military aggression. At first, a commission to evangelize pagan populations had legitimated English expansion; subsequently, a cultural mission to civilize the barbarian maintained the momentum of conquest; later still, an ideology of domination and a historical mythology together encouraged further English migration and the resettlement of native peoples on the conquered lands. Although the English did export their governing institutions, the exigencies of colonial rule demanded that control of the outlying territories be left in the hands of absentee proprietors or entrusted to a creolized governing elite. That elite in time grew to demand its independence, and appropriated legislative institutions to affirm its autonomy. The English nonetheless remained the cultural arbiters and commercial masters of what remained formally an Anglo-British empire, over which they steadfastly asserted their sovereignty. They had acquired this empire haphazardly and with little determining forethought. Within two centuries of its inception, it had disintegrated, apparently for good. Failure to enforce institutional uniformity, incomplete assimilation of subject peoples, the cultural estrangement of the English settlers from metropolitan norms, and monarchical indifference all conspired to bring about its collapse. Even though such- a narrative of colonial expansion, cultural divergence, and imperial implosion might seem to fit that of the British Atlantic empire of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it in fact describes the "British" empire that reached its apogee in the reign of Edward I (1272-1307), not the one reconstituted under George III (1760-1820). Its dependencies were not the colonies of British North America, the western Atlantic, and the Caribbean but rather Ireland, Wales, and Scotland, the constituent kingdoms and principalities of the northwest European archipelago.1 Yet the very fact that the structure of this medieval narrative so
A Synoptic Climatology of the Subtropical Kona Storm

Ten years of surface and upper-air analyses from the ECMWF Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) dataset were used to construct a synoptic climatology of kona storms in the subtropical central and eastern Pacific Ocean. Within a sample of 115 cyclones that predominantly occurred during the Northern Hemisphere cool season, three distinct types of kona storms were identified: cold-frontal cyclogenesis (CFC) cyclones, coldfrontal cyclogenesis/trade wind easterlies (CT) cyclones, and trade wind easterlies (TWE) cyclones. Of the three types, CFC cyclones were found to be the most common type of kona storm, while CT and TWE cyclones occur much less frequently. The geographical distribution, propagation characteristics, and the monthly and interannual variability in the number of kona storms are presented. Kona storms initially develop across a large portion of the subtropical Pacific, with the greatest concentration of kona storms found within a southwest-to-northeast-oriented band from west of Hawaii to 408N, 1408W. A distinct latitudinal stratification was evident for each type of kona storm, with CFC, CT, and TWE cyclones each more likely to initially develop at successively lower latitudes. The analysis reveals that kona storms can propagate in any direction but exhibit a clear preference to propagate toward the northeast. Use of the multivariate ENSO index indicates that the number of kona storms that develop during each cool season is not correlated to the phase of ENSO. An analysis of the composite structure and evolution of each type of kona storm revealed some common and some unique characteristics. Development of the surface cyclone in all types results from the intrusion of an upper-level disturbance of extratropical origin into the subtropics, although differences in the initial structure and subsequent evolution of the 300-hPa trough were noted for each type of kona storm. The analysis also revealed that relatively weak 300-hPa winds are present throughout the evolution of each type of kona storm and that the composite kona storm tends to be nestled along the southern boundary of a region of higher surface pressure during the mature stage of its evolution. The development of robust ridges in the 300-hPa geopotential and 1000‐500-hPa thickness fields downstream of the composite surface cyclone were noteworthy features that characterized the evolution of all kona storms, the latter feature strongly suggesting that these disturbances are fundamentally baroclinic in nature.
Person, Self, and Identity: Some Anthropological Retrospects, Circumspects, and Prospects

Anthropology has important contributions to make in extending the study of the self. An integrated and cumulative body of anthropological theory relevant to the self has yet to be realized. Nevertheless, it is possible to connect several lines of theory to suggest converging general orientations and research strategies bearing on the study of the self and related ideas. In addition, the ever-expanding comparative ethnographic record constitutes a valuable resource that can be exploited to examine the broader applicability or inapplicability of Western conceptions of the self—as well as to investigate, in their own right, self concepts that have developed independent of Western influence.
Translocal Citizenship: The Political Subjectivity of Indigenous Mexican Migrants

This paper aims at reforming contemporary understandings of the possibilities of citizenship in the age of globalization, taking as a point of departure the forms of political subjectivity engendered by the experiences of migration to the United States of indigenous Mexicans. Indigenous migrants maintain highly localistic ties to their home communities, even across national borders, and have developed multi-sited political networks on the basis of membership in these communities. Through my analysis of the political life across borders of indigenous migrants, I will show that translocal citizenship, in the ways it is practiced by these migrants, is demonstrative of the potentially productive nature of global economic processes in creating new spaces for political action and reshaping the boundaries of political membership.
Self-Regulation in Ultimatum Bargaining: Controlling Emotion with Binding Goals

Emotional reactions like anger can cause rejection of unfair ultimatums at a cost to oneself. A possible ameliorating strategy is self-regulation: there is evidence that binding goals are an effective tool for controlling emotions and successful goal pursuit. The present study tests the hypothesis that entering an ultimatum with the goal of controlling one's own emotion will lead to more "rational" behavior, that is, acceptance of ultimatums that are "unfair" but that have positive value. The present study finds support for this hypothesis: participants with a goal to stay calm accepted unfair ultimatums more than participants who were not given such a goal. The implications of self-regulation goals are discussed, and a current study, underway, is described that examines the impact of emotion regulation strategies and implementation intentions on ultimatum bargaining.
Case Study of Sustainability of the PIPS Best Value Program at the University of Minnesota

This is a case study testing the hypothesis that the best value PIPS process is a sustainable process/structure. The best value PIPS process has been tested 450 times over 13 years. However, the process/structure has not been sustainable, meaning that users have been successful at individual tests, but unable to imbed the system into their organization and standard operating procedures. It has been resisted because it minimizes the need for construction management, simplifies the delivery process and transfers both risk and control to the contractors. The University of Minnesota approached the Performance Based Studies Research Group (PBSRG) to test and implement the process. Unlike other research clients, they agreed to meet the requirements for sustainability: implementing a long term strategic plan, using and instructing a core team, running tests before full implementation, and implementing continuous education to both client professionals and contractors. This study shows the results of the hypothesis testing.
On the mechanism of peroxidation of uric acids by hemoproteins.

This study of the mechanism of peroxidation of purines by hemoproteins was stimulated by an observation that uric acid was unstable when formed from inosine in the presence of erythrocyte nucleoside phosphorylase, xanthine oxidase, and phosphate buffer. Since the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid by xanthine oxidase generates 2 molecules of hydrogen peroxide, a peroxidation was suspected. When catalase was included in the system, the yield of uric acid from inosine was quantitative, and uric acid was stable. The peroxidative catalyst remained inseparable from hemoglobin, and it was eventually concluded that the active principle was methemoglobin. A number of other hemoproteins are also known to catalyze peroxidation of uric acid. These include myeloperoxidase (4,5), horseradish peroxidase (6), lactoperoxidase, verdoperoxidase (7), and cytochrome c (8). The component common to these proteins and of methemoglobm is a trivalent iron porphyrin prosthetic group. Hematin itself was found to be an excellent catalyst for uric acid peroxidation, but the pH optima of methemoglobin and of horseradish peroxidase were quite different from that of hematin. The studies described herein show that any purine with an unsubstitued N-7 or N-9 position and an 8-0~0 substituent is susceptible to peroxidation in the presence of hemoprotein (or hematin) and peroxide. A mechanism of peroxidation of uric acids catalyzed by hemoproteins is proposed. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
Nonsedated Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Hearing loss is the most common congenital condition in the United States. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used in evaluation. Imaging in infants and children often requires sedation or general anesthesia to acquire images not degraded by motion artifact. Avoidance of sedation may decrease resource utilization and potentially avoid not yet understood possible cognitive deficits from early anesthetic exposure.Given that the membranous labyrinth, cochlea, and internal auditory canal are normally high in fluid concentration, an MRI focused on T2 imaging at the beginning of the study may provide an alternative imaging strategy with avoidance of anesthesia and radiation.
MALABSORPTION SYNDROMES. CLINICAL AND THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

A brief description is given of the clinical features of malabsorption syndromes, together with an organizational outline, and examples of current research approaches to malabsorption. Newer technics and instrumentation have produced answers to some old problems, but have also created new questions requiring further explanation. Although knowledge in all these areas is considerable and rapidly increasing, much remains to be learned in understanding the syndromes.
An Introduction to Polymatroidal Network Flows

In the “classical” network flow model, flows are constrained by the capacities of individual arcs. In the “polymatroidal” network flow model, flows are constrained by the capacities of sets of arcs. Yet the essential features of the classical model are retained: the augmenting path theorem, the integral flow theorem, and the max-flow min-cut theorem all yield to straightforward generalization. In this paper we provide an introduction to the theory of polymatroidal network flows, with the objective of showing that this theory provides a satisfying generalization and unification of both classical network flow theory and much of the theory of matroid optimization.
Nurturing your divine feminine

(2011). Nurturing Your Divine Feminine. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 248-248.
Radical prostatectomy for stage A adenocarcinoma of the prostate: staging errors and their implications for treatment recommendations and disease outcome.

AbstractOf 148 patients with clinical stage A1 (32) or A2 (116) disease who had radical prostatectomy only 63% and 62%, respectively, had pathological stage A disease. Although 25% of those with clinical stage A1 and 9% of those with clinical stage A2 disease had no cancer at radical prostatectomy, 12% and 29%, respectively, had pathological stage C disease or higher. Clinical Mayo grade 1 was never associated with extracapsular disease but 60% of those with grade 3 or higher tumor did have extracapsular disease. Over-all survival was comparable to the expected survival. Clinical stage A2 cancer was associated with a significantly higher progression rate (when prostate specific antigen values were considered, p = 0.0011) and cancer death rate (p <0.045) than stage Al disease, whereas pathological stage was not significantly related to disease outcome, possibly because of the use of adjuvant treatment (hormonal or radiation) for some patients with pathological stage C or higher disease. The vagaries of cli...
Fabrication of Thickness-Controlled Hematite Thin Films via Electrophoretic Deposition and Subsequent Heat Treatment of Pyridine-Capped Maghemite Nanoparticles

Nanoparticulate thin films of hematite with well-controlled thicknesses were prepared on transparent conductive substrates by a simple and tunable electrophoretic deposition method. Atomic force and scanning electron microscopy images reveal adherent, uniform, crack-free deposits comprised of clustered nanospheres with average diameters of 47 ± 18 nm. An asymptotic relationship is observed between film thickness and deposition time for fixed voltages and particle concentrations, which enables facile reproducibility. The mild conditions of this method make it highly suitable for incorporation of hematite into multilayer thin-film assemblies that may comprise more sensitive materials (e.g., quantum dots).
Hypertension in the Kidney Transplant Recipient

Hypertension is a prevalent problem in kidney transplant recipients that is known to be a “traditional” risk factor for ASCVD leading to premature allograft failure and death. Donor, transplant and recipient factors impact hypertension risk. Blood pressure control after transplantation is inversely associated with GFR. Calcineurin inhibitors, the most commonly used class of immunosuppressives, cause endothelial dysfunction, increase vascular tone, and sodium retention via the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system resulting in systemic hypertension. Steroid withdrawal seems to have little impact on blood pressure control. Newer agents like belatacept appear to be associated with less hypertension. Transplant renal artery stenosis is an important, potentially treatable cause of hypertension. Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers mitigate calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity and may be associated with improved eGFR. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are not recommended in the first 3-6 months given their effects on reduced eGFR, anemia and hyperkalemia. The use of sblockers may be associated with improved patient survival, even for patients with no history of cardiovascular disease.
Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection

64483: injection, anesthetic agent and/or steroid, transforaminal epidural; lumbar or sacral, single level
Examination of factor structure of the inventory of complicated grief (ICG) in a sample of bereaved military family members with persistent and elevated grief

Knowledge about the effect of a US service member's death on surviving family members is limited. In order to identify their grief-related health care needs, a first step is to identify the characteristics of persistent and elevated grief in a military family sample. The present study identified military family members (n = 232) bereaved more than six months who endorsed an elevated level of grief. A confirmatory factor analysis and test of measurement invariance of factor structure were used to compare the factor structure of their Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) responses to that of a bereaved non-military-related clinical research sample with similar grief levels. Results confirmed an equivalent five-factor structure of the ICG in both the military family sample and the clinical research sample. The similarity in factor structure was present despite differences in demographic characteristics and bereavement experiences between samples. Thus, the ICG reliably measures persistent and elevated grief in military family samples and provides grief symptom profiles that facilitates better understanding of their grief-related needs.
Properties of Low-Fat, Low-Cholesterol Egg Yolk Prepared by Supercritical CO2 Extraction

A dry egg yolk ingredient called Eggcellent™ has 74% less fat and 90% less cholesterol than liquid egg yolks, when reconstituted on an equal protein basis. The phospholipids and proteins are retained, enabling the ingredient to have the taste and texturizing properties of fresh egg yolk. Using the new yolk, it is possible to significantly improve the acceptability of low-fat, low-cholesterol bakery products, scrambled eggs and mayonnaise dressings without losing nutritional claims. The structures and functional properties of egg yolk components and the conditions required to optimize their benefits in foods are reviewed. The lipoproteins of low-fat, low-cholesterol yolk have valuable properties as flavorants, texturizers, foaming agents, emulsifiers, antioxidants, colorants, and nutraceuticals.
Surgical interventions for the treatment of painful neuroma: a comparative meta-analysis

A consensus on the optimal treatment of painful neuromas does not exist. Our objective was to identify available data and to examine the role of surgical technique on outcomes following surgical management of painful neuromas. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a comprehensive literature search to identify studies measuring the efficacy of the surgical treatment of painful neuromas in the extremities (excluding Morton's neuroma and compression neuropathies). Surgical treatments were categorized as excision-only, excision and transposition, excision and cap, excision and repair, or neurolysis and coverage. Data on the proportion of patients with a meaningful reduction in pain were pooled and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed. The effects of confounding, study quality, and publication bias were examined with stratified, meta-regression, and bias analysis. Fifty-four articles met the inclusion criteria, many with multiple treatment groups. Outcomes reporting varied significantly and few studies controlled for confounding. Overall, surgical treatment of neuroma pain was effective in 77% of patients [95% confidence interval: 73-81]. No significant differences were seen between surgical techniques. Among studies with a mean pain duration greater than 24 months, or median number of operations greater than 2 prior to definitive neuroma pain surgery, excision and transposition or neurolysis and coverage were significantly more likely than other operative techniques to result in a meaningful reduction in pain (P < 0.05). Standardization in the reporting of surgical techniques, outcomes, and confounding factors is needed in future studies to enable providers to make comparisons across disparate techniques in the surgical treatment of neuroma pain.
The Methodology of Phylogenetic Inference Above the Species Level

The determination of the relationships of organisms in time and space is the process called phylogenetic inference. The process is termed an inference because one cannot directly observe evolution above the species level, and therefore, one must infer such relationships. Furthermore, it is impossible to devise experiments to directly test such relationships, but that does not mean that they cannot be falsified by new data, such as the discovery of new fossils or recent organisms, or the re-analysis of the characters of previously known organisms.
Navigation Locks: End Filling and Emptying Systems for Locks

Selection of the type of filling and emptying systems is one of the most important considerations in the design of a lock. An end filling or emptying system is only one type and can be economically justified particularly where head differentials are small and the filling or emptying times are not critical. Devices for controlling flow into and out of the ends of locks include vertical-lift gates, slide gates, submergible gates, valves or small inset gates, sector-type gates, and loop culverts. Results of model tests on the Sacramento and Calumet Locks are summarized to demonstrate the use of sector-type gates that are generally used in American locks of the end filling and emptying type.
Fungal networks shape dynamics of bacterial dispersal and community assembly in cheese rind microbiomes

Most studies of bacterial motility have examined small-scale (micrometer–centimeter) cell dispersal in monocultures. However, bacteria live in multispecies communities, where interactions with other microbes may inhibit or facilitate dispersal. Here, we demonstrate that motile bacteria in cheese rind microbiomes use physical networks created by filamentous fungi for dispersal, and that these interactions can shape microbial community structure. Serratia proteamaculans and other motile cheese rind bacteria disperse on fungal networks by swimming in the liquid layers formed on fungal hyphae. RNA-sequencing, transposon mutagenesis, and comparative genomics identify potential genetic mechanisms, including flagella-mediated motility, that control bacterial dispersal on hyphae. By manipulating fungal networks in experimental communities, we demonstrate that fungal-mediated bacterial dispersal can shift cheese rind microbiome composition by promoting the growth of motile over non-motile community members. Our single-cell to whole-community systems approach highlights the interactive dynamics of bacterial motility in multispecies microbiomes. Interactions with other microbes may inhibit or facilitate the dispersal of bacteria. Here, Zhang et al. use cheese rind microbiomes as a model to show that physical networks created by filamentous fungi can affect the dispersal of motile bacteria and thus shape the diversity of microbial communities.
Power, Discourse, and Ethics

Despite Heinrich Popitz’s non-ideological, carefully descriptive account of how power is initiated and maintained, he too easily dismisses the Frankfurt School’s call for domination-free discourse as merely a subject for academic speculation. Because of his focus on the factual, Popitz neglects the possibility that ethical norms can challenge strategically-guided discourse even if only counterfactually. In addition, such norms are at work in the very discursive exchange represented by his writing his book for his readers and in that book’s aspiration to universal validity claims that run counter to strategic interests that tend to be particularistic. Popitz’s own conviction that power does not completely suppress freedom provides at least a space in which claims can be advanced and evaluated independently of strategic imperatives. Perhaps because Popitz’s approach is limited to describing the functioning of power, the underlying philosophical anthropology of his work is Hobbesian insofar as agents seek to subject others to asymmetrical power relationships and insofar as even the recognition one gives to another aims at retrieving recognition for oneself. A counter-asymmetry is to be found in Emmanuel Levinas’s phenomenological descriptions of the ethical summons of the other which provide a philosophical backdrop against which power is exercised and in which the first event of the interpersonal encounter is peace, not war.
An Introduction to the Insects

Insects are one of the most diverse groups of organisms ever to have crawled and flown over the face of the earth. Arising in the late Devonian era, more than 350 million years ago, insects have diversified and spread into every conceivable ecological niche; today there are over 1 million different species classified in more than two dozen separate orders (Fig. 1.1). Insects have successfully overcome the challenges of radical geologic and climatic changes including the successive ice ages. They will undoubtedly survive attacks by Homo sapiens, with whom they compete for food and fiber, as insects are a genetically flexible and adaptable group of animals. They will learn to live in our polluted wastelands and will survive our campaigns against them and against our fellows, for insects can exist in radiation levels 100 times greater than those that kill humans. How then can we compete with these masters of adaptability? Obviously we cannot eliminate them from the globe. But perhaps we can reduce their ravages to some tolerable level at which we can coexist in relative harmony.
Measurement of Dynamic Mechanical Properties

Measurements of dynamic mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials have been reviewed. The technology for investigating the dynamic mechanical properties of materials has advanced greatly due to new electronic circuits, improved transducers, signal receiving systems, and computerized controlling systems. Some representative instruments and techniques are discussed. Molecular interpretation and effects of structure geometry are also reviewed. In addition, methods of measurement of dynamic properties in gas and liquid media are presented.
Immersogeometric Analysis of Bioprosthetic Heart Valves, Using the Dynamic Augmented Lagrangian Method

In the mid-2010s, we began applying a combination of isogeometric analysis and immersed boundary methods to the problem of bioprosthetic heart valve (BHV) fluid–structure interaction (FSI). This chapter reviews how our research on BHV FSI (1) crystallized the emerging concept of immersogeometric analysis, (2) introduced a new semi-implicit numerical method for weakly enforcing constraints in time dependent problems, which we refer to as the dynamic augmented Lagrangian approach, and (3) clarified the important role of mass conservation in immersed FSI analysis. We illustrate these contributions with selected numerical results and discuss future improvements to, and applications of, the computational FSI techniques we have developed.
Low-energy antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations limit the coherent superconducting gap in cuprates

Motivated by recent attention to a potential antiferromagnetic quantum critical point at ${x}_{c}\ensuremath{\sim}0.19$, we have used inelastic neutron scattering to investigate the low-energy spin excitations in crystals of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ bracketing ${x}_{c}$. We observe a peak in the normal-state spin-fluctuation weight at $\ensuremath{\sim}20\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ for both $x=0.21$ and 0.17, inconsistent with quantum critical behavior. The presence of the peak raises the question of whether low-energy spin fluctuations limit the onset of superconducting order. Empirically evaluating the spin gap ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{spin}}$ in the superconducting state, we find that ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{spin}}$ is equal to the coherent superconducting gap ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{c}$ determined by electronic spectroscopies. To test whether this is a general result for other cuprate families, we have checked through the literature and find that ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{c}\ensuremath{\le}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}}_{\mathrm{spin}}$ for cuprates with uniform $d$-wave superconductivity. We discuss the implications of this result.
Distributed wind resource assessment: Comparing measured annual energy production with predictions from computational fluid dynamics:

The US Department of Energy’s Distributed Wind Resource Assessment Workshop identified predicting the annual energy production of a kilowatt-sized wind turbine as a key challenge. This article pres...
Symptom prevalence differences of depression as measured by BDI and PHQ scales in the Look AHEAD study.

Objective To compare depressive symptomatology as assessed by two frequently used measures, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-1A) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Methods Investigators conducted a cross-sectional secondary analysis of data collected as part of the follow-up observational phase of the Look AHEAD study. Rates of agreement between the BDI-1A and PHQ-9 were calculated, and multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between differing depression category classifications and demographic factors (ie, age, sex, race/ethnicity) or comorbidities (ie, diabetes control, cardiovascular disease). Results A high level of agreement (κ = 0.47, 95% CI (0.43 to 0.50)) was found in the level of depressive symptomatology between the BDI-1A and PHQ-9. Differing classifications (minimal, mild, moderate, and severe) occurred in 16.8% of the sample. Higher scores on the somatic subscale of the BDI-1A were significantly associated with disagreement as were having a history of cardiovascular disease, lower health-related quality of life, and minority racial/ethnic classification. Conclusions Either the BDI-1A or PHQ-9 can be used to assess depressive symptomatology in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes. However, further assessment should be considered in those with related somatic symptoms, decreased quality of life, and in racial/ethnic minority populations.
The ℓ2–homology of even Coxeter groups

Given a Coxeter system .W;S/ , there is an associated CW–complex, denoted †.W;S/ (or simply †), on which W acts properly and cocompactly. This is the Davis complex. The nerve L of .W;S/ is a finite simplicial complex. When L is a triangulation of S , † is a contractible 4–manifold. We prove that when .W;S/ is an even Coxeter system and L is a flag triangulation of S , then the reduced ` –homology of † vanishes in all but the middle dimension.
Attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of child welfare workers toward LGBTQ youth

This study explored workforce opinions toward LGBTQ youth and the LGBTQ community. A total of 1,196 child welfare employees answered a series of surveys measuring their attitudes, perception of cli...
Habit and Routine Interventions with Emerging Adults with Diabetes: An Integrative Review.

Although theoretical and empirical writings on habits and routines are a promising body of science to guide interventions, little is known about such interventions among emerging adults with type 1...
Fiber-Based Biopolymer Processing as a Route toward Sustainability

Some of the most abundant biomass on earth is sequestered in fibrous biopolymers like cellulose, chitin, and silk. These types of natural materials offer unique and striking mechanical and functional features that have driven strong interest in their utility for a range of applications, while also matching environmental sustainability needs. However, these material systems are challenging to process in cost-competitive ways to compete with synthetic plastics due to the limited options for thermal processing. This results in the dominance of solution-based processing for fibrous biopolymers, which presents challenges for scaling, cost, and consistency in outcomes. However, new opportunities to utilize thermal processing with these types of biopolymers, as well as fibrillation approaches, can drive renewed opportunities to bridge this gap between synthetic plastic processing and fibrous biopolymers, while also holding sustainability goals as critical to long-term successful outcomes.
Cost-Effectiveness of Fixation Versus Arthroplasty for Geriatric Distal Femur Fractures

Abstract Introduction: Geriatric distal femur fractures are challenging to treat. The high mortality rate associated with a loss of mobility in this population has led some authors to compare distal femur fractures to femoral neck fractures with respect to the importance of rapidly regaining mobility in the geriatric population. Acute distal femur replacement has been advocated by some as a preferred treatment over internal fixation because arthroplasty may facilitate a more rapid return to a patient's baseline mobility level. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on the costs and outcomes of fixation and arthroplasty in the geriatric distal femur fracture population and to employ decision modeling techniques to generate evidence-based treatment recommendations. Methods: A systematic literature review of clinical studies published since 2000 was conducted to synthesize the available data on outcomes, reoperation rates, and mortality rates after fixation or arthroplasty for distal femur fractures in patients with an average age greater than 70 years. A Markov decision analysis model was created. Costs, health state utilities, reoperation rates, and mortality rates were derived from the systematic literature review and publicly available data. The model was analyzed via probabilistic statistical analysis as well as sensitivity analyses with a willingness-to-pay threshold set at $100,000 per QALY and a 5-year time horizon. Results: From a US societal perspective, fixation was associated with a greater quality of life benefit (2.44 QALYs vs. 2.34 QALYs) and lower cost ($25,556 vs. $65,536) compared with distal femur replacement for geriatric distal femur fractures. Probabilistic analysis demonstrated that 82 in 100 model outcomes favored fixation over arthroplasty and 18 in 100 model outcomes favored distal femur replacement. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that this result was robust to small deviations in the cost and functional outcome variables in the model. Conclusion: Compared to distal femur replacement, ORIF is likely to be a more cost-effective treatment for distal femur fractures in the geriatric patient population, though this recommendation is tempered by the relatively low quality of evidence available on the comparative functional outcomes of these treatments.
Reading Comprehension: Cognitive Training Contributions

Reading comprehension is a complex cognitive process that presents an opportunity to apply cognitive training techniques. Particularly with reading and learning disabled students, problems in readi...
Jamming in Hierarchical Networks

Abstract We study the Biroli–Mezard model for lattice glasses on a number of hierarchical networks. These networks combine certain lattice-like features with a recursive structure that makes them suitable for exact renormalization group studies and provide an alternative to the mean-field approach. In our numerical simulations here, we first explore their equilibrium properties with the Wang–Landau algorithm. Then, we investigate their dynamical behavior using a grand-canonical annealing algorithm. We find that the dynamics readily falls out of equilibrium and jams in many of our networks with certain constraints on the neighborhood occupation imposed by the Biroli–Mezard model, even in cases where exact results indicate that no ideal glass transition exists. But while we find that time-scales for the jams diverge, our simulations cannot ascertain such a divergence for a packing fraction distinctly above random close packing. In cases where we allow hopping in our dynamical simulations, the jams on these networks generally disappear.
Complex expression pattern of RPGR reveals a role for purine-rich exonic splicing enhancers.

Purpose To examine the mechanism underlying transcript heterogeneity in the gene for the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR). Methods Transcript heterogeneity was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), and transient expression of minigene constructs. Protein variants were identified by immunoblot analysis and by immunocytochemistry. Results RPGR transcripts terminated either uniformly at the end of exon 19, producing the constitutive transcript with few variants, or at variable sites downstream from exon 15. The latter transcripts resembled the previously described open reading frame (ORF)14/15 variant, but the ORF14/15 exon was not found in full length. Instead, various portions of a purine-rich region were removed as introns. Numerous splice site combinations were used, giving rise to innumerable variants. Analysis of the purine-rich region found multiple exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) known to promote splicing through interaction with serine-arginine repeat (SR) proteins. Antibodies targeting different regions of RPGR detected a multitude of RPGR proteins in photoreceptors, concentrated in the connecting cilium. Predominant ORF14/15-encoded RPGR polypeptides migrated at approximately 200 kDa and were photoreceptor specific. Conclusions The exceptional heterogeneity in RPGR transcript processing results primarily from a novel form of alternative RNA splicing mediated by multiple exonic splicing enhancers. RPGR is composed of a population of proteins with a constant N-terminal core encompassing the RCC1 homology domain followed by a C-terminal portion of variable lengths and sequences.
Space-resolved reduced order modeling of prismatic battery thermal dynamics

Model-based thermal management enables sophisticated battery temperature control due to the availability of temperature information among and inside cells. This paper proposes a reduced-order battery thermal modeling approach by combining the pre-calculated temperature distribution in steady state and the approximated transient responses from multi-dimensional full-order thermal models. The number of states is reduced by an order of hundreds, and the developed model can predict battery thermal dynamics with errors within 0.2 °C compared to the full order model simulation results under a real-world driving cycle.
To Walk in Their Shoes: The Problem of Missing, Misunderstood, and Misrepresented Context in Judging Criminal Confessions

Focusing on failures to detect false confessions, this article addresses the issue of police contamination, which has been explored in previous work by the authors as well as in Brandon Garrett’s recent book, Convicting the Innocent: Where Criminal Prosecutions Go Wrong. The authors review some of Garrett’s most important findings, considering them in light of the authors’ own model of seven pathways from false confession to wrongful conviction. The authors review these pathways (the biasing effects of confession evidence; tunnel vision and confirmation biases; motivational biases; emotional influences on thinking and behavior; institutional influences on evidence production and decision-making; incorrect relevant knowledge; and progressively constricting relevant evidence), which they argue have the effect of providing incomplete and/or inaccurate contextual information for evaluating the validity of confessions and thus interfere with the rational analysis of the information that is available. The authors conclude by arguing that the judicial system must take more care in evaluating defendants’ claims of contamination in false confessions.
Preparation and Extraction of Insoluble (Inclusion‐Body) Proteins from Escherichia coli

High-level expression of many recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli leads to the formation of highly aggregated protein commonly referred to as inclusion bodies. Inclusion bodies are normally formed in the cytoplasm; alternatively, if a secretion vector is used, they can form in the periplasmic space. Inclusion bodies can be recovered from cell lysates and this unit describes preparation of washed pellets and solubilization of the protein using guanidine x HCl. The extracted protein, which is unfolded, is either directly folded as described in UNIT or further purified by gel filtration in the presence of guanidine x HCl as idescribed here. A support protocol describes the removal of guanidine x HCl from column fractions so they can be monitored by SDS-PAGE.
Self-reported Medication Adherence and Adverse Patient Safety Events in CKD

Background Promoting medication adherence is a recognized challenge for prescribers. In this study, we examine whether lower medication adherence is associated with adverse safety events in individuals with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs). Study Design Cross-sectional baseline analysis of prospective cohort. Setting & Participants Baseline analysis of the Safe Kidney Care (SKC) Cohort Study, a prospective study of individuals with eGFRs 2 intended to assess the incidence of disease-specific safety events. Kidney transplant recipients were excluded. Predictor Self-reported medication adherence based on responses to 3 questions ascertaining degree of medication regimen adherence. Outcomes Adverse safety events were self-reported at baseline (class I events), such as hypoglycemia or fall thought to be related to a medication, or detected incidentally during the baseline visit (class II events), for example, hypotension or hyperkalemia. Potential drug-related problems (DRPs) were determined by analyzing participants' medications with respect to dosing guidelines based on their screening eGFRs at the time of medication reporting. Measurements Relationship between medication adherence and disease-specific patient safety events. Results Of 293 SKC participants, 154 (53%) were classified as having lower medication adherence. After multivariable adjustment, lower medication adherence was significantly associated with a class I or II safety event (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.41) and potential DRPs (PR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.02-1.63). Lower medication adherence was also significantly associated with multiple (≥2) class I events (PR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.18-2.49), multiple class I or II events (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.04-1.76), and multiple potential DRPs (PR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.08-2.69) compared with those with higher medication adherence. Limitations Use of self-reported medication adherence rather than pharmacy records. Clinical relevance of detected safety events is unclear. Conclusions Lower medication adherence is associated with adverse safety events in individuals with eGFRs 2 .
Reversal of overdose on fentanyl being illicitly sold as heroin with naloxone nasal spray: A case report

Background This is a case report describing a reversal of fentanyl overdose with naloxone nasal spray. The patient was not aware that he overdosed on fentanyl being sold as heroin. Methods The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) has implemented an initiative to provide education for veterans, their families, friends and significant others about opioid overdose and use of naloxone reversal kits. The Atlanta VA Medical Center adopted this program to reduce the risk of opioid overdose in high risk patients. Results Over the past year, we provided educational sessions for 63 veterans and their families. We also prescribed 41 naloxone kits. We have received three reports of opioid overdose reversal with use of naloxone kits prescribed by the Atlanta VA Medical Center. Conclusions and Scientific significance The authors recommend that public health administrators and policy makers advocate for the implementation of these programs to reduce the rising number of overdose death in the United States and worldwide. (Am J Addict 2015;24:388 –390)
Densification Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Hot-pressed HfB2

Densification behavior and microstructure evolution of hot-pressed HfB2 were studied. When unmilled HfB2 was hot pressed at 2200°C, the resulting ceramics contained open porosity (85.8%ρth.). In contrast, attrition-milled HfB2 containing ∼0.7 wt% WC–Co milling contamination could be hot pressed to >98% density at temperatures as low as 1900°C. The addition of either boron carbide (4 wt%) or carbon (2 wt%) improved densification and reduced the temperature necessary to reach full density to 1750° and 1850°C, respectively. Full density (>99%) was achieved for additive free, attrition-milled HfB2 at temperatures of 1950°C or higher. Fully dense HfB2 was also produced with the addition of 1 wt% carbon, although 2.1 vol% residual carbon remained in the microstructures after densification. The combination of carbon additions and WC impurities, introduced during milling, resulted in the formation of (Hf,W)C0.98 solid solution inclusions. (Hf,W)C0.98 formation suggested that carbon reacted with HfO2 impurities, which were present on particle surfaces from powder processing. The improved densification behavior with the addition of boron carbide or carbon suggests that both additives increase hafnium and/or boron mobility.
The contextual impact of social support across race and gender: Implications for African American women in the workplace.

Over the past 2 decades, the interrelationship among the concepts of social support, stress, and psycho-physiological well-being has undergone much scrutiny in the professional literature. More recently, the many challenges posed by the reality of this country's increasingly diversified workplace have received attention by both social work practitioners and researchers alike. The area that remains largely unstudied is the intersection of these two fields of study. The research reported here specifically addresses the question: What do we know about social support that can be used to effectively facilitate workplace diversity? The central focus of this article explores the relationship between social support and stress as differentially experienced by African American women, White women, and White men both within and outside the workplace. Of particular interest is the relationship between the social support and well-being in these contexts. Based on the findings of a 3-year study, this article reports on research conducted with a larger study of health promotion and stress and begins with an exploration of types and sources of social support and stress as they relate to issues of gender, race, and context. The article continues with a description of the research methodology. A