cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
White Public Opinion toward Undocumented Immigrants: Threat and Interpersonal Environment:

Public opinion toward undocumented immigration is discussed in the popular media yet receives less attention in the social science literature. With data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the U.S. Census, and the General Social Survey, this study examines whites' immigration opinions in 1996 and 2004. The results indicate that in 1996 whites who lived in areas with greater unemployment were more likely to favor government action against undocumented immigrants, while in 2004 whites who lived in areas with more Latino residents were less likely to favor such action. Whites who are embedded in educated networks and networks with racially different contacts are more likely to be sympathetic toward undocumented immigrants. Older networks were associated with restrictionist opinions. The interpersonal environment appears to remain consequential for whites, even if they have no contact with undocumented immigrants. This study finds that opinion formation results from broad demographic and small interpersonal ...
The essence of soul concepts: how soul concepts influence ethical reasoning across religious affiliation

Abstract Current research on how humans conceptualize other humans has focused on the hypothesis that we have a dualistic conception of others, differentiating the functions of the body from the functions of the mind (Bloom, 2004). Recent criticisms of this approach have suggested that this characterization of cognition is insufficient to account for the common presence of a third intuition humans have about other humans, namely that other people have souls or spirits (Hodge, 2008; Richert & Harris, 2008). We report on a study examining the nature of similarities and differences in the soul concept based on religious affiliation, and the implications of the soul concept for reasoning about beginning-of-life and end-of-life ethical dilemmas. Four hundred and nineteen undergraduate students completed a survey examining concepts of the soul, the mind, and reasoning about ethical dilemmas. The results suggest that adult soul concepts but not mind concepts are considered independent of the life cycle and are r...
Obtaining the cumulative k-distribution of a gas mixture from those of its components

A review of the convolution theorem for obtaining the cumulative k-distribution of a gas mixture proven in Goody et al. (1989) and a discussion of its application to natural spectra are presented. Computational optimizations for use in analyzing high-altitude gas mixtures are introduced. Comparisons of the results of the optimizations, and criteria for deciding what altitudes are 'high' in this context are given. A few relevant features of the testing support software are examined. Some spectrally integrated results, and the circumstances the might permit substituting the method of principal absorbers are examined.
Spectroscopic studies of triethoxysilane sol-gel and coating process.

Abstract Silica sol–gels have been prepared under different conditions using triethoxysilane (TES) as precursor. The prepared sol–gels have been used to coat aluminum for corrosion protection. Vibrational assignments have been made for most vibration bands of TES, TES sol–gel, TES sol–gel-coated aluminum and xerogel. It has been noticed that air moisture may have helped the hydrolysis of the thin coating films. Xerogels have been obtained from the sol–gel under different temperature conditions and the resulting samples have been characterized by using infrared and Raman spectroscopic methods. IR data indicate that the sol–gel process is incomplete under the ambient conditions although an aqueous condition can have slightly improved the process. Two nonequivalent silicon atoms have been identified from the collected 29Si NMR spectra for the sol–gel, supporting the result derived from the IR data. The frequency of Si H bending vibration has been found to be more sensitive to the skeletal structure than that of the Si H stretching vibration. A higher temperature condition could favor the progression of hydrolysis and condensation. A temperature higher than 300 °C would cause sample decomposition without seriously damaging the silica network. From infrared intensity measurements and thermo-gravimetric analyses, the fractions of incomplete hydrolysis and condensation species have been estimated to be 4% and 3%, respectively. Electrochemical data have shown that the sol–gel coating significantly improves the corrosion protection properties of aluminum.
Brain Natriuretic Peptide: Clinical and Research Challenges

Natriuretic peptides, in particular, brain or B-type, are useful for the assessment of patients presenting with dyspnea to the medical office or emergency department. Levels of natriuretic peptides are useful for assessing prognosis of heart failure or coronary syndrome patients. Less is known about serial peptide measurements for guiding treatment strategies in heart failure. The authors review the uses, pitfalls, and practical points for using natriuretic peptides clinically.
The occurrence of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (protein-disulfide interchange enzyme) in the lens.

Glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (GIT, thiol:protein-disulfide isomerase/oxidoreductase, E.C. 5.3.4.1/1.8.4.2) catalyzes via sulfhydryldisulfide interchange, the scission as well as formation of disulfide bonds in many diverse proteins. Using insulin as a substrate, the lens epithelial layer of cows, rats and rabbits was found to contain GIT activity. The enzyme's activity is activated by GSH and inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Subcellular distribution of bovine lens epithelial homogenates showed that the majority of GIT activity is located in the insoluble fraction (10,000 g pellet) and in the high molecular weight fraction (60,000 g pellet). Lens epithelial extracts were subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot, and probed with a polyclonal antibody to rat liver GIT, or with either of two monoclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of the enzyme. Lens epithelium was found to contain two forms of GIT, one with the same molecular weight as the purified enzyme (Mr 56Kd), and a second having an Mr of 67Kd. Immunoblots using polyclonal antibodies revealed an additional major immunoreactive band of 32Kd in the cow lens epithelial layer as well as in the isolated cortical and nuclear portions. Rat lenses showed no immunoreactive 32Kd band. Using a bovine cortical/nuclear fraction the 32Kd reactivity was found to be associated with the beta H-crystallin fraction, but the extract failed to show GIT activity with the insulin substrate. This suggests that beta H-crystallin may share a common epitope with GIT.
Impact of a Consumer and Patient Health Information Service on User Satisfaction, Attitudes, and Patient-Health Care Professional Interactions

The main goal of this project was to evaluate a consumer and patient information service and its impact on attitudes, health care decision making, and health care professional-patient communication. A survey was distributed to users of a well-established CAPHIS and was returned at a rate of 39 percent (n = 271). Sixty-six percent of respondent said that the information helped them to communicate better with health care professionals and 63.84 percent said they discussed the information they received with a health care professional. The information reduced stress for respondent or their families 52.24 percent; there also was an impact on “treatment” (27.68 percent), “attitude toward health” (25.83 percent), and “life style habits” (21.40 percent). These finding indicate that CAPHIS continues to be valued by participants, despite widespread Internet access, and that it impacts attitudes, communications, and diagnosis, treatment, and lifestyle choices.
States in 24Mg populated by the 10B(16O, d)24Mg and 12C(16O, α)24Mg reactions

Abstract States in 24 Mg were populated by the 10 B( 16 O, d) and 12 C( 16 O, α) reactions. Excitation functions at 7° for many of the levels were measured for bombarding energies between 40 and 46 MeV for the 16 O + 12 C reaction, and from 44 to 46 MeV for the 16 O + 10 B reaction. The reactions appear to be predominantly due to compound nucleus formation, and general agreement was found comparing the measured cross sections with Hauser-Feshbach calculations. The experimental cross sections for the members of the K π = 0 + and 2 + rotational bands are particularly well reproduced by the calculations up through the 8 + states.
Mixed vendor computer architecture for precision image analysis

An accuracy requirement of +/- 0.011 degrees in the declination measurement of a remotely imaged munition cannot easily be satisfied using conventional imaging instrumentation. A mixed vendor computer architecture is implemented to accommodate the design and execution of a dedicated image analysis software system. Based on internal testing, the developed system is expected to meet design goals during a formal certification process.
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and the effects on the brain

This article reviews the effect of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) in children with congenital heart disease on subsequent cognitive and motor performance.
The Smithsonian's Final Act

Intense public debates about memories and meanings of history have dominated U.S. and Japanese preparations for commemorations marking the 50th anniversaries of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the end of the Asia/Pacific War. These debates, particularly over how the U.S. has portrayed the atomic bombings, and whether Japanese political leaders acknowledge the aggression of their Fifteen Year War, are intimately related to Post‐Cold War power struggles. With economic insecurity, possible trade wars, and fears of a world again divided into competing trade zones, the “return to history” has been as important in the Pacific Rim as in Europe.
Determining the CP eigenvalues of the neutral Higgs bosons of the minimal supersymmetric model in γγ collisions

We determine the optical laser and e+e− energies and polarizations for directly determining the CP eigenvalue of each of the neutral Higgs Bosons of the Minimal Supersymmetric Model via measurement of transverse polarization cross section asymmetry in back-scattered laser photon collisions. Approximate statistical significances are computed for the measurement of the CP eigenvalue as a function of Higgs mass and other parameters of the model.
Biology of the Chigger Neoschöngastia Americana (Acarina: Trombiculidae)

Results of the 1st complete study of the life cycle of the chigger Neoschongastia Americana (Hirst) are reported. Laboratory rearings of the chiggers were conducted at 21, 27, and 32°C in total darkness and at 32°C in a light:darlc (L:D), 14:10 hour photoperiod. No development occurred past the nymphal stage at 21°C and no reproduction occurred in adults held in the L:D, 14:10 hour photoperiod. The developmental cycle was completed in 91 clays at 32°C (dark) and in 157 days at 27°C (dark). At 32°C, the average durations of the various stages were (in days) : egg 7.6, deutovum 7.1, nymphochrysalis 7.5, nymph 15.6, and imagochrysalis 7.5. The duration of the preoviposition period was 35–84 days at 32°C. The larvae fed upon bobwhite quail at room temperature in the laboratory for an average of 7.4 days and were then active for several days following detachment before entering the nymphochrysalid stage. The small, white nymphs were active, free living, and fed on Collembola in the laboratory. Some nymphs lived for extended periods and others completed this stage in as few as 6 days. Adults were able to live for long periods, some more than 8 months, and also fed on Collembola. The male of N. americana deposited stalked spermatophores about 70 microns long. The female apparently crawled over the spermatophore and used her genital plates to remove and engulf the sperm ball from the stalk of the spermatophore. After the preoviposition period, females deposited round eggs which averaged 160 microns in diameter. Each of several females deposited several hundred eggs during her life.
Arylamine oxidations by chloroperoxidase

Abstract Chloroperoxidase was found to catalyze the peroxide oxidation of most of the anilines investigated to the corresponding nitroso compounds. Michaelis-Menten constants and maximal velocities were determined for each substrate at the optimal hydrogen peroxide concentration. The major factor controlling the rate of oxidation of the aniline substrates was found to be substituent size, with highly bulky substituents resulting in a marked decrease in the rate of oxidation. Turnover numbers for oxidizable substrates ranged from 67 200 min−1 for aniline down to 6800 min−1 for 4-isopropylaniline.
Forecasting staffing needs for productivity management in hospital laboratories

Daily and weekly prediction models are developed to help forecast hospital laboratory work load for the entire laboratory and individual sections of the laboratory. The models are tested using historical data obtained from hospital census and laboratory log books of a 90-bed southwestern hospital. The results indicate that the predictor variables account for 50%, 81%, 56%, and 82% of the daily work load variation for chemistry, hematology, and microbiology sections, and for the entire laboratory, respectively. Equivalent results for the weekly model are 53%, 72%, 12%, and 78% for the same respective sections. On the basis of the predicted work load, staffing assessment is made and a productivity monitoring system constructed. The purpose of such a system is to assist laboratory management in efforts to utilize laboratory manpower in a more efficient and cost-effective manner.
Methyl torsional state analysis of the jet-cooled microwave spectrum of N-acetylglycine

Abstract The microwave spectrum of N -acetylglycine was obtained using a NIST Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer equipped with a heated, pulsed-nozzle source. One conformer has been identified and its spectrum assigned. The conformer has C S point group symmetry and an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the carbonyl and amide groups of the 5-membered glycine unit. Internal rotation of the methyl rotor group leads to splitting of the rotational lines into A and E symmetry tunneling states. The 14 N nuclear-quadrupole hyperfine structure verifies the rotational and internal-rotor state assignments. The V 3 barrier of 57.5(1) cm −1 and the angles between the C 3 axis of the methyl rotor and the principal inertial axes are in best agreement with the calculated values for the lowest energy conformer of the four conformers predicted at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory.
Layer dynamics of freely standing smectic-A films

The dynamics of freely standing thermotropic smectic-$A$ films are studied in the isothermal, incompressible limit via a continuous hydrodynamic description. The role of permeation in the films, the structure of the hydrodynamic normal modes, and the form of the autocorrelation functions for the smectic layer and order-parameter fluctuations are discussed. We find two characteristic lengths ${l}_{d}=\sqrt{\ensuremath{\alpha}d/B}$ and ${l}_{c}=\sqrt{{\ensuremath{\eta}}_{3}^{2}d/8\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ associated with the dynamic behavior of the system, where $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ is the surface tension, d is the film thickness, B is the elastic constant for layer compression, ${\ensuremath{\eta}}_{3}$ is the layer sliding viscosity, and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ is the density of the liquid crystal. The crossover from filmlike to bulklike behavior is controlled by ${l}_{d}$ alone; the crossover from overdamped to underdamped dynamics when the in-plane length scale is large compared to ${l}_{d}$ is controlled by ${l}_{c}$ alone.
Elongator subunit 3 positively regulates plant immunity through its histone acetyltransferase and radical S -adenosylmethionine domains

Pathogen infection triggers a large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in plants, and the speed of this reprogramming affects the outcome of the infection. Our understanding of this process has significantly benefited from mutants that display either delayed or accelerated defense gene induction. In our previous work we demonstrated that the Arabidopsis Elongator complex subunit 2 (AtELP2) plays an important role in both basal immunity and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), and more recently showed that AtELP2 is involved in dynamic changes in histone acetylation and DNA methylation at several defense genes. However, the function of other Elongator subunits in plant immunity has not been characterized. In the same genetic screen used to identify Atelp2, we found another Elongator mutant, Atelp3-10, which mimics Atelp2 in that it exhibits a delay in defense gene induction following salicylic acid treatment or pathogen infection. Similarly to AtELP2, AtELP3 is required for basal immunity and ETI, but not for systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Furthermore, we demonstrate that both the histone acetyltransferase and radical S-adenosylmethionine domains of AtELP3 are essential for its function in plant immunity. Our results indicate that the entire Elongator complex is involved in basal immunity and ETI, but not in SAR, and support that Elongator may play a role in facilitating the transcriptional induction of defense genes through alterations to their chromatin.
The Importance of the Metacommunicative Purposes of Communication, or Teaching Students to Listen and Speak Like Normal Human Beings

This article submits that utterances are always uttered in a specific social context and are produced and understood out of specific metacommunicative purposes. There is more to communication than the exchange of propositions. Real comprehension is always top-down and relevance-governed, and succeeds at the level of metarepresented cognitive and pragmatic meaning. If students are not taught to understand and speak meaningfully, they fall into the trap of modular comprehension, memorization and verbalization.
Mitochondrial Dynamics and Apoptosis—the ER Connection

Mitochondria are endosymbiotic organelles that were pivotal in the evolution of eukaryotic multicellular organisms, enabling cells, through production of adenosine 5′-triphosphate, to overcome a steep energetic barrier ( 1 ). Another essential feature of multicellularity is programmed cell death or apoptosis—a process in which mitochondria also play a critical role. During intrinsic apoptosis, a signaling platform assembles on mitochondria that in some organisms is harnessed to permeabilize the outer mitochondrial membrane and release proapoptotic proteins. Assembly of this platform is accompanied by dramatic changes in the dynamic behavior of mitochondria, which influence cell death. The dynamic properties of mitochondria are dependent on their division and fusion and govern the overall shape, connectedness, and distribution of mitochondria in cells. On page 1062 in this issue, Youle and van der Bliek ( 2 ) review the interplay between mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality-control and stress pathways. Here, we speculate on the role of mitochondrial division and fusion in the ultimate stress response, cell death. The recent discovery that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), another ancient endomembrane organelle, actively participates in mitochondrial division has led to a new model linking mitochondrial dynamics and cell death. This suggests an unexpected convergence during evolution of mitochondria and ER—the two dominant endomembrane systems in eukaryotic cells that have previously been viewed as functionally distinct.
A method for predicting city-wide electricity gains from photovoltaic panels based on LiDAR and GIS data combined with hourly Daysim simulations

Abstract In this paper we present, demonstrate and validate a method for predicting city-wide electricity gains from photovoltaic panels based on detailed 3D urban massing models combined with Daysim-based hourly irradiation simulations, typical meteorological year climactic data and hourly calculated rooftop temperatures. The resulting data can be combined with online mapping technologies and search engines as well as a financial module that provides building owners interested in installing a photovoltaic system on their rooftop with meaningful data regarding spatial placement, system size, installation costs and financial payback. As a proof of concept, a photovoltaic potential map for the City of Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, consisting of over 17,000 rooftops has been implemented as of September 2012. The new method constitutes the first linking of increasingly available GIS and LiDAR urban datasets with the validated building performance simulation engine Daysim, thus-far used primarily at the scale of individual buildings or small urban neighborhoods. A comparison of the new method with its predecessors reveals significant benefits as it produces hourly point irradiation data, supports better geometric accuracy, considers reflections from near by urban context and uses predicted rooftop temperatures to calculate hourly PV efficiency. A validation study of measured and simulated electricity yields from two rooftop PV installations in Cambridge shows that the new method is able to predict annual electricity gains within 3.6–5.3% of measured production when calibrating for actual weather data and detailed PV panel geometry. This predicted annual error using the new method is shown to be less than the variance which can be expected from climactic variation between years. Furthermore, because the new method generates hourly data, it can be applied to peak load mitigation studies at the urban level. This study also compares predicted monthly energy yields using the new method to those of preceding methods for the two validated test installations and on an annual basis for 10 buildings selected randomly from the Cambridge dataset.
Asymptotic growth and stability in populations with time dependent vital rates

Abstract The topic is the asymptotic behavior of a population whose time evolution is described by a sequence { L ( t )} of Leslie matrices with time dependent vital rates. It is shown that if L ( t ) converges sufficiently rapidly to a positive regular matrix L , then for every initial population x , lim t →∞ [λ - t L ( t )… L (1) x ] = c u , c ≠ 0, where λ is the (unique) positive eigenvalue of L , and u is the associated eigenvector with positive coordinates. The conditions imposed on the convergence of L ( t ) to L are sharp.
The maleless protein associates with the X chromosome to regulate dosage compensation in drosophila

Abstract The maleless ( mle ) gene is one of four known regulatory loci required for increased transcription (dosage compensation) of X-linked genes in D. melanogaster males. A predicted mle protein (MILE) contains seven short segments that define a superfamily of known and putative RNA and DNA helicases. MILE, while present in the nuclei of both male and female cells, differs in its association with polytene X chromosomes in the two sexes. MILE is associated with hundreds of discrete sites along the length of the X chromosome in males and not in females. The predominant localization of MILE to the X chromosome in males makes it a strong candidate to be a direct regulator of dosage compensation.
Student-involved data use: Establishing the evidence base

In this conceptual paper, we map the research terrain on what we term “student-involved data use” (SIDU)—that is, the practice of having students track, chart, and analyze their own data in formal and structured ways. Drawing on peer-reviewed research as well as practitioner-oriented literature, social media, and district websites, we leverage a lens informed by goal achievement theory to highlight the potential benefits of SIDU as well as the possible dangers of implementing SIDU in haphazard ways. We begin by tracing the rise of the modern iteration of this data-driven practice, rooted in the application of principles associated with the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award criteria to the classroom level and to the teacher–student dyad. We then describe common components of the practice, including the use of student “data folders” or “data binders,” semi-public classroom “data walls,” and “quality tools” (such as the Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle) that aim at building reflective practice among students. Beyond describing the increasingly popular practice, we note that the empirical base for SIDU is quite shallow at present: implementation is far outpacing the evidence on the processes involved in and outcomes of SIDU. Currently, practitioners and policymakers have little in the way of empirical evidence to guide efforts, potentially to the detriment of long-term educational outcomes. To this end, we posit a range of ways in which the research community can join in comprehensive inquiry efforts aimed at learning more about the conditions under which SIDU may be a positive and productive process for students.
Effects of Ouabain on Force of Contraction, Oxygen Consumption, and Metabolism of Free Fatty Acids in the Perfused Rabbit Heart

Isolated rabbit hearts were perfused with a suspension of red cells which assured adequate oxygenation. Ouabain added to the perfusate (2.8 x 10-7 M final concentration) promptly increased the force of contraction and oxygen consumption of the hearts. These events appeared to occur simultaneously. The extraction ratio of palmitate-1-14C added to the perfusate (0.31) was not altered by ouabain. However, ouabain increased the oxidation of the extracted palmitate from an average of 34% to an average of 71% at the time intervals studied.
Aromatization of propane over Zn/HZSM-5 catalysts prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Zinc was introduced into HZSM-5 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to investigate the catalytic properties of Zn/HZSM-5 for propane conversion. Irrespective of catalytic precursor or ion exchange method, protons were found to be replaced by Zn ions. However, Zn species in the zeolite were different depending on the precursors used. Although the addition of Zn decreased the intensity of the BrOnsted acidity, it did not caused the apparent formation of Lewis acid sites unlike Ga/HZSM-5 catalysts. On Zn/HZSM-5, both Zn and protons intervene in propane activation step.
High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the enantiomers of flurbiprofen and its metabolites in plasma and urine.

Abstract Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic methods have been developed to quantitate the R - and S -enantiomers of flurbiprofen and its major metabolites, 4′-hydroxyflurbiprofen, 3′-hydroxy-4′-methoxyflurbiprofen, and 3′,4′-dihydroxyflurbiprofen. The compounds are extracted from plasma or urine and derivatized with S -(α)-methylbenzylamine to form diastereomeric amides which are readily separated on a C 18 column. Fluorescence detection resulted in detection limits that readily allowed us to characterize the disposition of R - and S -flurbiprofen and its major metabolites in man following therapeutic doses.
Safety and Efficacy of Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Adjuvant Bevacizumab in Patients With Recurrent Malignant Gliomas

Purpose Patients with recurrent malignant gliomas treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and multiagent systemic therapies were reviewed to determine the effects of patient- and treatment-related factors on survival and toxicity. Methods and Materials A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with recurrent malignant gliomas treated with salvage SRS from September 2002 to March 2010. All patients had experienced progression after treatment with temozolomide and radiotherapy. Salvage SRS was typically administered only after multiple postchemoradiation salvage systemic therapies had failed. Results 63 patients were treated with SRS for recurrent high-grade glioma; 49 patients had World Health Organization (WHO) Grade 4 disease. Median follow-up was 31 months from primary diagnosis and 7 months from SRS. Median overall survival from primary diagnosis was 41 months for all patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival from SRS (OS-SRS) were 6 and 10 months for all patients, respectively. The 1-year OS-SRS for patients with Grade 4 glioma who received adjuvant (concurrent with or after SRS) bevacizumab was 50% vs. 22% for patients not receiving adjuvant bevacizumab ( p = 0.005). Median PFS for patients with a WHO Grade 4 glioma who received adjuvant bevacizumab was 5.2 months vs. 2.1 months for patients who did not receive adjuvant bevacizumab ( p = 0.014). Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and age were not significantly different between treatment groups. Treatment-related Grade 3/4 toxicity for patients receiving and not receiving adjuvant BVZ was 10% and 14%, respectively ( p = 0.58).On multivariate analysis, the relative risk of death and progression with adjuvant bevacizumab was 0.37 (confidence interval [CI] 0.17–0.82) and 0.45 (CI 0.21–0.97). KPS >70 and age Conclusions The combination of salvage radiosurgery and bevacizumab to treat recurrent malignant gliomas is well tolerated and seems to be associated with improved outcomes. Prospective multiinstitutional studies are required to determine efficacy and long-term toxicity with this approach.
Concurrent presence of both patient and donor t(14;18) in a follicular lymphoma patient after undergoing allogeneic BMT: implications for minimal residual disease detection post-transplant

We report the case of a t(14:18)(+) follicular lymphoma (FL) patient in long-term clinical remission after undergoing an allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) from a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor who was the normal healthy carrier of a t(14:18)(+) B cell clone. Using real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) and gel electrophoresis, we document the temporal disappearance of the patient's t(14:18)(+) clone early post-transplant with the concomitant emergence and long-term persistence of the donor's t(14:18)(+) clone in the patient's peripheral blood. This report indicates that the use of PCR-based techniques to measure minimal residual disease in FL patients post-alloBMT should incorporate pretransplant screening of the donor for t(14;18). Furthermore, it suggests that healthy individuals with t(14:18) need not be excluded as donors for FL patients treated with allo-BMT.
Measurements of BART magnetic fields with an automatic geomagnetic pulsation index generator

Measurements of the large-amplitude magnetic field fluctuations produced by the San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system using an automatic computer-based geomagnetic pulsation index generator located on the Stanford campus, which is approximately 40 km from the center of the BART system, are described. Because the temporal variation of the fluctuations is well defined on an hour-to-hour and day-to-day basis, due to the transit system scheduling, they provide a convenient means for evaluating the performance of the index generator. The index generator, in turn, provides new information about the frequency content of the BART field fluctuations, and it can be used, in a general sense, to monitor activity on the BART system. >
Inhaled nitric oxide use in bidirectional Glenn anastomosis for elevated Glenn pressures.

Background Children frequently undergo bidirectional Glenn anastomosis in the staged surgical management of single ventricle physiology. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of inhaled nitric oxide therapy in children with marked elevations in Glenn pressures after this surgery. Methods A retrospective study over a 30-month period was performed. The effect of inhaled nitric oxide therapy was analyzed in children with marked elevations of Glenn pressures resulting in decreased systemic perfusion. Effects on Glenn pressures, respiratory indices, and systemic perfusion were evaluated after initiation of nitric oxide therapy and compared with baseline parameters. Results Sixteen patients were placed on nitric oxide therapy for marked elevations of Glenn pressures (22.4 ± 3.9 mm Hg). In the 11 responsive patients, there were significant reductions in Glenn pressures (from 22.4 mm Hg to 17.1 mm Hg, p p = 0.001) and oxygenation index (from 17 to 12, p = 0.005). There was simultaneous significant reduction in inotrope score (from 14.9 to 11.4, p p Conclusions Inhaled nitric oxide produces significant reduction in Glenn pressures and improvement in systemic perfusion and pulmonary gas exchange in patients with marked elevations of Glenn pressures after bidirectional Glenn anastomosis. Patients who fail to respond should be investigated for an anatomic lesion.
Centering in Hierarchical Linear Modeling

This paper examines the implications of centering choices when using hierarchical linear modeling. Compared to using a level-1 predictor in its raw metric or as a grand-mean centercept, centering around the group mean can yield different outcomes when estimating and interpreting the level-1 intercept and slope. Additionally, when including level-2 predictors hypothesized to explain the variance in the level-1 intercept and slope, what each coefficient represents differs with the centering choice. As a result, it often but not always becomes possible, that researchers with different centering choices can reach different conclusions about the effects of the predictors and the interactions among them. These implications are illustrated with graphic and numeric examples and conceptual examples.
Genetic and Environmental Effects on Seed Weight and Seed Yield in Switchgrass

A positive correlation exists between seed weight and seedling vigor. The objective of this study was to determine genetic and environmental effects on seed weight and seed yield within two switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) cultivars. Thirty half-sib families of 'Sunburst' (large seeded) and 'Summer' (small seeded) were evaluated for 3 yr in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod (competitive) and tilled (noncompetitive) spaced-plant nurseries at Brookings, SD, and in a tilled spaced-plant nursery at Highmore, SD. Parents were evaluated in a separate nursery. Significant differences were found among families within both cultivars for 100-seed weight, but significant family × environment interactions indicated nonuniformity in responses of families to environmental variability. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for 100-seed weight were 0.88 for Sunburst and 0.58 for Summer. Seed weight increased in response to increased ambient moisture, but was similar for competitive and noncompetitive environments (grand means were 101 and 175 mg 100 seeds -1 for Summer and Sunburst, respectively) at Brookings. However, mean plasticity for seed weight was evident from markedly reduced seed weights for both cultivars at Highmore. Magnitude and direction of plasticity for seed weight differed for the two cultivars. Plastic families of Summer generally had heavier seeds in the competitive environment, whereas those of Sunburst had heavier seeds in the noncompetitive environment. Significant differences were found among families within both cultivars for seed yield. Summer had 70% higher mean seed yields than Sunburst, and annual seed-yield means varied by greater than 80%. Seed weight was highly responsive to temporal and spatial environmental variation, but genetic variation was adequate to expect progress from selection within both cultivars.
Unlawful Relations and Verbal Inflation

here are two rather basic questions to ask about Tobler's first law of geography. Is it a law? Is it true? These might at first appear to be one question expressed in two ways, but they are not. When I ask if Tobler's law is, indeed, a law, I am asking whether it, as a statement, has the form and character of those statements we normally recognize as laws. Lacking this form, Tobler's law cannot be a law, even if its propositions are true. A statement that takes the semantic form of a law is not, by this fact alone, entitled to the status of law, however. We must also, of course, be justified in believing that the generalizations of the law are true. I will argue that the answer to both of these basic questions is no. Before embarking on the argument I would like to make it clear that I am not criticizing Waldo Tobler, or even the statement published in 1970. Taken in context, with allowances made for a degree of irony to which all of us are at times tempted, the statement we now know as Tobler's First Law of Geography is unexceptionable. Lifted from that context, stripped of irony, and enshrined as a motto of the discipline, the statement becomes something altogether different. It becomes a majestic statement to which I, at least, take rather strong exception. I think we can say with relative certainty that Tobler's statement would never have enjoyed this fame, or suffered this scrutiny, if he hadn't used the word law. This is what the statement says in its excised, unironical, majestic form. The "First Law of Geography" is that "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things" (Tobler 1970). Had Tobler written, for instance, that "geographers assume that everything is related to everything else, and believe that, as a rule, near things are more related than distant things," I am sure I would not be writing this article today. No, the beacon that draws us to this statement is the word law.
AMINO ACIDURIA IN CHILDREN WITH CANCER

The association of amino aciduria and cancer has been previously observed, however systematic study of excretion in specific tumors has not been investigated. The mean values of 17 amino acids excreted in 24 hour specimens were established in 28 healthy children. The mean values of the following amino acids expressed as mg/substance/gram creatinine were significantly elevated, i.e. a 4 fold increase or more, when compared with control values ( ) in 28 children with disseminated neuroblastoma: hydroxyproline 31.0 (1.0), glutamic acid 26.8 (4.6), aspartic acid 16.2 (3.9), citrulline 3.4 (0.2), allodelta-hydroxylysine 11.2 (1.8), ornithine 5.2 (1.2), 3-methyl-histidine 104.0 (24.4). Normal or less than 4 fold increases in mean excretion values for proline (3.7), glutamine (62.4), ethanolamine (11.1), phosphoethanolamine (10.2), methionine sulfoxide (18.1), asparagine (28.7), glucosamine (0.7), carnosine (9.1), arginine (1.9), l-methylhistidine (15.3) were found. Values from 12 other children with successfully treated neuroblastoma were similar to controls. Seven children with hepatic cancer had significantly increased excretion of all, amino acids studied except phosphoethanolamine, methionine sulfoxide and asparagine. The source of the increased excretion appears to be extra renal in children with neuroblastoma and may in addition be due to abnormal liver function in children with hepatic cancer. Supported by NCI Grant No. CA 05826.
Outpatient treatment entry and health care utilization after a combined medical/substance abuse intervention for hospitalized medical patients

CONTEXT: Drug-abusing patients utilize extensive amounts of health services resources, yet the acute medical hospitalization has typically not been used effectively to engage patients in substance abuse treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of an integrated substance abuse/acute medical care day hospital (DH) intervention. DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective, consecutive chart review of patients referred to a day hospital program from the medicine service at an urban tertiary care teaching hospital. From the referral cohort, a comparison group receiving usual care was identified. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty adult medicine inpatients with active substance abuse and self-identified motivation to enter treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Outpatient substance abuse treatment entry and post-intervention health services utilization. RESULTS: Following DH treatment, 50.6% entered further outpatient substance abuse treatment (vs 2.4% comparison patients; P<.001). There was a significant increase in ambulatory medical visits for DH patients (pre-6 month 0.49 vs post-6 month 3.46; P<.001), greater than the change noted for comparison patients. However, there was no difference noted in pre-post hospitalization or emergency department utilization following the DH intervention. CONCLUSIONS: A DH program for substance abusing hospitalized medicine patients that introduces substance abuse treatment during treatment for an acute medical illness does appear to improve outpatient substance abuse treatment entry and ambulatory care utilization after hospital discharge.
Children's hedonic responses to the odors of alcoholic beverages : A window to emotions

The present study of 145 children and their mothers aimed to determine whether children's responses to the odors of alcoholic beverages were related to their mothers' reasons for drinking. Mothers completed a series of questionnaires to describe the emotional context in which they drink and whether they use alcohol to "escape" by changing their state of mind and reducing feelings of dysphoria. Children participated in two age-appropriate tasks that focused on the most salient psychological attribute of an odor, its perceived hedonic valence. To this aim, we determined children's liking, reaction times, and identification of individual odors including beer and whiskey in Task 1, and their preference for beer relative to odors that differed in hedonic valence in Task 2. The type of task and behavioral measure revealed different aspects of children's responses, to alcohol odors. In Task 1, verbally identifying an odor was a more difficult task than deciding whether they liked the odor. Although there were few group differences in liking for individual odors, children of Escape drinkers took significantly longer to determine whether they liked the odors. In Task 2, children of Escape drinkers preferred beer less often, particularly when it was compared with less pleasant odors. They preferred coffee to beer odors and, if their mothers did not smoke cigarettes, preferred the odors of cigarette smoke and pyridine to beer. These children experienced the odor of alcohol more frequently and in the context of mood disturbed mothers who felt guilty and worried about their drinking. Whether children who associate the odor of alcohol with such emotional contexts display a trajectory toward or against using alcohol to escape remains unknown.
Survey and Analysis of Electronic Journal Licenses for Long-Term Access Provisions in Tertiary New Zealand Academic Libraries

A survey of New Zealand university and polytechnic libraries indicates what proportions of library e-journal holdings have archival rights or perpetual access clauses. The author then analyzes licenses from three universities for terms, permissions, and other details. The research indicates that less than 20% of the online holdings for most New Zealand educational libraries had a print duplicate, archive, or perpetual access right. Licenses failed to address these access and rights issues in 70% of the cases surveyed. The issues of long-term access to licensed materials are addressed in less than 30% of licenses and only by providers that are offering them.
Stability criterion for recursive filters

A new criterion is derived that relates the stability of two-dimensional recursive filters to the properties of its cepstrum. It provides a procedure for the decomposition of unstable recursive filters having nonzero, nonimaginary frequency response into stable recursive filters. The optimal solution of the decomposition problem is discussed, including numerical implementation and nonrecursive solutions. Several numerical examples show the potentialities and limitations of the rules for decomposition and for truncation of the operators.
Principal Component Analysis of Remote Sensing of Aerosols Over Oceans

We apply principal component analysis (PCA) to estimate how much information about atmospheric aerosols could be retrieved from solar-reflected radiances observed over oceans by a satellite sensor as a function of the number of wavelength bands, viewing angles, and Stokes parameters. It is assumed that our virtual satellite sensor can simultaneously perform multispectral, multiangle, and linear polarization measurements of the radiances, and the following quantities are used to vary: aerosol optical thickness, single-scattering albedo (SSA) of aerosol particles, height of the aerosol layer, aerosol model (includes size distribution parameters and optical properties), and wind speed. The real refractive index was kept constant and, therefore, is not part of the analysis. To calculate the number of significant principal components (SPCs), the cumulative percent variance rule is used, which takes into account anticipated errors of measurements. The reported results predict how much additional information can be retrieved from observations by adding more wavelength, angle, and polarization channels. For example, for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer instruments (lambda>0.5 mum), the number of SPCs is two to three; for Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, three to five; for Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectances, five to ten; while for the future Glory/Aerosol Polarization Sensor instrument, it is 6-11 (when using eight out of its > 100 view angles). The ranges reflect view conditions and analysis method. Our calculations show that the observations should be most sensitive to the aerosol model followed in decreasing order by optical thickness, SSA, and aerosol height. We found that there is no systematic increase in the information about aerosol starting from 10-15 view angles for unpolarized observations and 30 view angles for those with linear polarization. It is achievable with modern detectors to retrieve up to 10 and 16 SPCs from unpolarized and polarized observations, respectively. The methodology and results of our PCA can be useful for estimating the reliability of aerosol parameters retrieved from existing and future satellite observations
Bacon's Imperialism.

To understand the political philosophy of Francis Bacon, or what he tried to do in political philosophy, one must make the clear-cut distinction he saw, I believe, between a provisional and a definitive political teaching. The latter, which he put chiefly in the New Atlantis and the De Sapientia Veterum, could be but imperfectly explored, because man could only build a final political teaching out of an as yet unconstructed natural philosophy. The former, on the other hand, could be known and conveyed with some precision. It was to serve the purpose of furnishing a temporary station for mankind, one that would be liveable and even comfortable as a dwelling place, and one that would at the same time, permit philosophy or science its own discovery of something better. Of the provisional political order, as Bacon saw it, there were three pillars: crown, church, and empire. The imperial pillar is certainly the most important to him of the three, and its construction required a greater boldness than the construction of either of the others.