cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Follicular hyperplasia in lymph nodes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A clinicopathologic study

Significant lymphadenopathy frequently occurs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (R.A.). Because malignant Iymphoma cannot be excluded in these patients, lymph node biopsy may be carried out. Characteristic, although not pathognomonic histologic features of lymph nodes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis are severe reactive follicular hyperplasia throughout both cortex and medulla and prominent plasmacytosis in the interfollicular region. Proliferation of vascular endothelium, infiltration of lymph node capsule and perinodal fat by lymphocytes was frequent, and neutrophils were seen in sinuses. Rheumatoid follicular hyperplasia may simulate malignant nodular (follicular) Iymphoma. The presence of discrete follicles with active germinal centers surrounded by a well-demarcated cuff of lymphocytes, the presence of numerous plasma cells in the interfollicular areas, and such a change as proliferation of vascular endothelium are features of a benign rather than malignant process. Although these criteria are not pathognomonic of lymph nodes in R.A., they are characteristic, especially in the adult.
Protective Effect of L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-Carboxylate Treatment of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Rats

AbstractPurpose: Hemorrhagic cystitis is a therapy-limiting side effect of cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment for cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective effect of L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylate (OTZ; Procysteine [R]) on CP-induced cystitis in the rat.Materials and Methods: Thirty-six rats were divided into 6 groups: Group 1-Untreated controls, Group 2-OTZ alone (100 mg./kg., p.o.), Group 3-CP alone (68 mg./kg., i.v.), Group 4-CP + OTZ (68 mg./kg., i.v. + 100 mg./kg., p.o.), Group 5-CP + OTZ (68 mg./kg., i.v. + 1.0 g./kg., i.v.), and Group 6-CP + OTZ (68 mg./kg., i.v. + 1.0 gm./kg., i.p.). OTZ was given a day to groups 2 and 4 on the day prior to and on the day of CP administration. OTZ was given twice a day to groups 5 and 6 on the day prior to, the day of, and the day after CP administration. On the day of CP administration, CP was given 30 minutes prior to OTZ. Blood and bladder samples were taken for evaluation two days after CP administration.Results: Expected de...
Law as a Tool of Directed Social Change: A Framework for Policy-Making

Abstract : The document is concerned with the use of law as a tool of directed social change which is widespread in all contemporary societies whether underdeveloped or post-industrial, democratic or totalitarian. (Author)
The impact of child maltreatment and psychopathology on neuroendocrine functioning.

Cortisol regulation was investigated in a sample of school-aged maltreated (n = 167) and demographically comparable low-income nonmaltreated (n = 204) boys and girls in the context of a day camp research program. The presence of clinical-level internalizing and clinical-level externalizing symptomatology was determined through adult report and child self report. Children who exhibited clinical-level internalizing problems only, clinical-level externalizing problems only, and comorbid clinical-level internalizing and externalizing problems were identified. Clinical-level cases were more prevalent among the maltreated children. Maltreated children with clinical-level internalizing problems were distinguished by higher morning, afternoon, and average daily cortisol levels across the week of camp attendance. In contrast, nonmaltreated boys with clinical-level externalizing problems emerged as distinct in terms of low levels of morning and average daily levels of cortisol. Maltreated children with comorbid clinical-level internalizing and externalizing problems were more likely not to show the expected diurnal decrease in cortisol. The findings are discussed in terms of the joint impact of maltreatment and different forms of psychopathology on neuroendocrine regulation.
Constructing the Family Mexican Migrant Households, Marriage, and the State

Recent research on migrant settlement shows that women play an important role in consolidating migrant households and facilitating permanent settlement in migrant sites. Other studies demonstrate that government policies and legislation also determine the contours of migrant communities. A case study of a Maya migrant community in Cancun, Mexico, shows that state policies and the economic systems associated with an international tourist industry restrict the actual process of settlement to men and women who enter into a marriage contract, replicate the model of the “nuclear family,” and demonstrate good citizenship. This case suggests that the global economy and state policies play a key role in reifying gender relations in migrant communities.
Midazolam, hippocampal function, and transitive inference: Reply to Greene

The transitive inference (TI) task assesses the ability to generalize learned knowledge to new contexts, and is thought to depend on the hippocampus (Dusek & Eichenbaum, 1997). Animals or humans learn in separate trials to choose stimulus A over B, B over C, C over D and D over E, via reinforcement feedback. Transitive responding based on the hierarchical structure A > B > C > D > E is then tested with the novel BD pair. We and others have argued that successful BD performance by animals – and even humans in some implicit studies – can be explained by simple reinforcement learning processes which do not depend critically on the hippocampus, but rather on the striatal dopamine system. We recently showed that the benzodiazepene midazolam, which is thought to disrupt hippocampal function, profoundly impaired human memory recall performance but actually enhanced implicit TI performance (Frank, O'Reilly & Curran, 2006). We posited that midazolam biased participants to recruit striatum during learning due to dysfunctional hippocampal processing, and that this change actually supported generalization of reinforcement values. Greene (2007) questions the validity of our pharmacological assumptions and argues that our conclusions are unfounded. Here we stand by our original hypothesis, which remains the most parsimonious account of the data, and is grounded by multiple lines of evidence.
Effect of venipuncture quality on thromboelastography

Objective To determine if the quality of venipuncture impacts thromboelastography (TEG) results and if an initial discard tube mitigates any effects of traumatic venipuncture. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals Fifteen privately owned and research colony adult dogs. Measurements Samples were collected from each jugular vein using 1 of 2 venipuncture techniques per vein. The venipuncture technique was randomized to the vein as follows: (1) “clean” venipuncture (CV) from 1 jugular vein, and (2) suboptimal venipuncture (SOV) from the opposite jugular vein. CV was defined as a direct entry into the vein on the first attempt. SOV was defined as needle insertion adjacent to the vein with redirection at least once to enter the vein. Two consecutive samples were collected from each venipuncture without removal of the needle, yielding 4 samples: CV1, CV2, SOV1, and SOV2. TEG was performed on each blood sample and the TEG parameters R, K, α, and MA were recorded. Results Mean ± SD of R for the SOV1 group (4.1 ± 1.3 s) was significantly shorter than that of the CV1 group (5.7 ± 1.4 s) and the SOV2 group (5.5 ± 1.9 s), P< 0.05. There was no difference in R between CV1 and CV2 groups, or between SOV2 and either CV1 or CV2. There was no significant difference in α, K, or MA among groups. Conclusions Mild-to-moderate venipuncture trauma had little effect on TEG overall, but R was significantly affected. Poorer quality collection resulted in a more rapid initiation of clot formation. However, the effect was mild and mitigated by testing samples in a second collection tube after discard of an initial sample.
Bcl-2 proteins and autophagy regulate mitochondrial dynamics during programmed cell death in the Drosophila ovary

The Bcl-2 family has been shown to regulate mitochondrial dynamics during cell death in mammals and C. elegans, but evidence for this in Drosophila has been elusive. Here, we investigate the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics during germline cell death in the Drosophila melanogaster ovary. We find that mitochondria undergo a series of events during the progression of cell death, with remodeling, cluster formation and uptake of clusters by somatic follicle cells. These mitochondrial dynamics are dependent on caspases, the Bcl-2 family, the mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery, and the autophagy machinery. Furthermore, Bcl-2 family mutants show a striking defect in cell death in the ovary. These data indicate that a mitochondrial pathway is a major mechanism for activation of cell death in Drosophila oogenesis.
Parental Monitoring, Peer Drug Involvement, and Marijuana Use Across Three Ethnicities:

The purposes of the present study were to test differences in parental monitoring and marijuana use rates and relationships among constructs across three ethnicities, and to use Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Van de Vijver and Leung's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique to test for cultural equivalence and item bias in the measurement of these constructs. Participants included 7,500 Mexican American, African American, and non-Hispanic White 10th-12th graders. African American participants showed higher levels of parental monitoring, lower levels of marijuana use, and a stronger relationship between parental monitoring and peer influence. SEM results indicated lack of cultural equivalence for each latent factor. ANOVA results indicated item bias for specific items. Putative cultural differences in the relations between parental monitoring and peer influence, as well as potential sources of bias in measuring family, peer, and drug involvement factors among participants from different cultural gro...
Gene flow and fine-scale genetic structure in a wind-pollinated tree species, Quercus lobata (Fagaceaee)

California Valley oak (Quercus lobata), one of the state's most distinctive oak species, has experienced serious demographic attrition since the 19th century, due to human activities. Recent estimates of pollen dispersal suggest a small reproductive neighborhood. Whether small neighborhood size is a recent phenomenon, a consequence of reduced gene flow caused by demographic changes, or whether it has been historically restricted, remains unclear. To examine this question, we have characterized the spatial genetic structure of N = 191 Q. lobata individuals, spread over an area of 230 ha, using eight microsatellite loci. The observed autocorrelogram suggests an historical standard deviation of gene flow distance of about 350 m per generation, higher than contemporary pollen dispersal estimates. To determine whether our estimates were affected by strong prevailing winds from the west-northwest, we developed and utilized a novel anisotropic autocorrelation analysis. We detected no more than a hint of anisotropy, and we concluded that adult spatial structure is indicative of strong historical signature of "isolation by distance." This historical estimate provides a useful reference value against which to gauge the future gene flow consequences of ongoing anthropogenic disturbance.
Physical Activity and Changes in Weight and Waist Circumference in Midlife Women: Findings from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

Controversy exists regarding the extent to which age, menopausal status, and/or lifestyle behaviors account for the increased weight, fat mass, and central adiposity experienced by midlife women. To address this question, the authors longitudinally examined the relations of aging, menopausal status, and physical activity to weight and waist circumference in 3,064 racially/ethnically diverse women aged 42-52 years at baseline who were participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN), an observational study of the menopausal transition. Over 3 years of follow-up (1996-1997 to 1999-2000), mean weight increased by 2.1 kg (standard deviation (SD), 4.8) or 3.0% (SD, 6.5) and mean waist circumference increased by 2.2 cm (SD, 5.4) or 2.8% (SD, 6.3). Change in menopausal status was not associated with weight gain or significantly associated with increases in waist circumference. A one-unit increase in reported level of sports/exercise (on a scale of 1-5) was longitudinally related to decreases of 0.32 kg in weight (p < 0.0001) and 0.10 cm in waist circumference (not significant). Similar inverse relations were observed for daily routine physical activity (biking and walking for transportation and less television viewing). These findings suggest that, although midlife women tend to experience increases in weight and waist circumference over time, maintaining or increasing participation in regular physical activity contributes to prevention or attenuation of those gains.
ERADication of ion channels destined for the plasma membrane. Focus on “Role of ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway in biogenesis efficiency of β-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels”

surface expression of ion channels and receptors on the plasma membrane is of critical importance in the control of cellular signaling and communication. Each cell contains a menagerie of plasma membrane proteins, many of them oligomeric ion channels, receptors, and cell adhesion molecules. Proper
Resistance to different classes of drugs is associated with impaired apoptosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapeutic agents is associated with an unfavorable outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To investigate the underlying mechanisms of cellular drug resistance, the activation of various apoptotic parameters in leukemic cells from 50 children with ALL was studied after in vitro exposure with 4 important drugs in ALL therapy (prednisolone, vincristine, L-asparaginase, and daunorubicin). Exposure to each drug resulted in early induction of phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and mitochondrial transmembrane (m) depolarization followed by caspase-3 activation and poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) inactivation in the majority of patients. For all 4 drugs, a significant inverse correlation was found between cellular drug resistance and (1) the percentage of cells with PS externalization (< .001 < P < .008) and (2) the percentage of cells with m depolarization (.002 < P < .02). However, the percentage of cells with caspase-3 activation and the percentage of cells with PARP inactivation showed a significant inverse correlation with cellular resistance for prednisolone (P .001; P .001) and L-asparaginase (P .01; P .001) only. This suggests that caspase-3 activation and PARP inactivation are not essential for vincristine- and daunorubicin-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, resistance to 4 unrelated drugs is associated with defect(s) upstream or at the level of PS externalization and m depolarization. This leads to decreased activation of apoptotic parameters in resistant cases of pediatric ALL. (Blood. 2003;102:4541-4546)
Podatek od transakcji finansowych. Analiza założeń i skutków (Financial Transaction Tax. Analysis of Assumptions and Consequences)

Polish Abstract: Praca zawiera przegląd istniejącej literatury na temat podatku od transakcji finansowych oraz badanie empiryczne dot. wplywu wzrostu minimalnej dokladności określania ceny na zmiennośc cen na GPW w Warszawie. Rozpoczynam od prezentacji motywacji do wprowadzenia podatku transakcyjnego i opisuje projekt obecnie rozwazany w Unii Europejskiej. Nastepnie analizuje wplyw, jaki potencjalny podatek moglby miec na wolumen obrotu, zmiennośc i poziom cen na rynkach finansowych oraz na sytuacje w gospodarce realnej. Rozwazam tez potencjalne problemy związane ze skonstruowaniem podatku i szacunki przychodow podatkowych. Choc istnieje wiele potencjalnych korzyści z wprowadzenia FTT, dostepna literatura w ograniczony sposob wspiera zyczenia zwolennikow podatku. W polączeniu z duzym oporem przed jego wprowadzeniem, jaki istnieje w niektorych krajach UE, wydaje sie, ze szeroko rozumiany podatek od transakcji finansowych pozostanie niezrealizowaną koncepcją teoretyczną.English Abstract: This paper reviews existing literature on Financial Transaction Tax and presents empirical research on influence of minimum tick size rules on Warsaw Stock Exchange’s price volatility. I present key motivation for introduction of FTT and describe the existing project of the tax, nowadays considered in European Union. I analyze the impact of potential tax introduction on volume, volatility and level of prices as well as on the entire economy. I consider potential problems with tax construction and try to estimate the revenues which may be collected by FTT. As follows from the analysis, one may bring up many pontential benefits of FTT, but existing literature supports claims of tax proponents in very limited way. Since at the same time there is a significant resistance to introduction of FTT in some European countries, it is likely that Financial Transaction Tax, understood in the wide sense, will remain only theoretical concept.
Africans dial up innovation [Spectral Lines]

Tired of hearing friends in Accra, Ghana, fret over the specter of home invasions, Herman Chinery-Hesse launched a text-messaging security service earlier this year that both addresses the problem of poor police response to property crimes and takes advantage of tight-knit neighborhoods.
Can we make locust and grasshopper management sustainable

Abstract Scale is the fundamental conceptual problem in assessing the sustainability or value of controlling grasshoppers or locusts. Using case studies from North America (United States: Wyoming), Africa (Eritrea), and Asia (Russia: Irkutsk), we analyzed the viability of control programs. There are at least four dimensions to acridid pest management. At the geopolitical scale, all three cases reveal that although the greatest cost/risk of acridid outbreaks accrues locally, distant governments play a primary role despite recent, undirected trends toward decentralization. Examination of the social scale reveals that in all three cases, the individual farm/ranch is the fundamental unit of concern, but these units place high value on preventing acridid infestations from spreading to neighboring lands. None of the systems appear to be driven by the agrochemical industry; rather, the motive force is food security (Eritrea), food quality (Wyoming), or both (Irkutsk). With respect to the interest scale, in all t...
Effects of Metals on 3-Acetyldeoxynivalenol Production by Fusarium graminearum R2118 in Submerged Cultures.

The effects of selected metals (Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, and Fe2+) on 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADN) production by Fusarium graminearum R2118 and on its mycelial growth were investigated by using a two-stage submerged-culture technique. In certain concentrations ranges, Mg2+ and Fe2+ stimulated growth but suppressed 3-ADN production; at other concentrations, Mg2+, Fe2+, and Zn2+ suppressed growth but stimulated 3-ADN production. In contrast, Mn2+ stimulated growth but totally inhibited 3-ADN production at all concentrations tested. In general, the production of 3-ADN was inversely related to the growth rate of the fungus with these metals. Mn2+ appears to be a crucial factor regulating the onset of 3-ADN biosynthesis.
Probing Macromolecular Motions through Viscoelasticity

Abstract My personal random walk has included numerous other steps, including branches as well as closed loops that returned unproductively to square one. However, this is enough for the present occasion. I close with deep gratitude to the more than fifty graduate students and more than thirty postdoctorate and other associates with whom I have had the good fortune to collaborate over the years. Obviously, most of the work I have described is theirs, and I represent them in receiving the Medal. I apologize that only a few of their names have been mentioned here. I also thank the University of Wisconsin for providing an environment so favorable to research and scholarship and for supporting our work in many ways, direct and indirect. Finally, we have had financial support from numerous government agencies and several industrial firms, all acknowledged with gratitude. Once again, I deeply appreciate the honor I have received here and the privilege of speaking to you today.
The relationship between age and neurocognitive and daily functioning in adults with hoarding disorder.

Objective Given the increase in hoarding symptoms with age, there is a pressing need for understanding the clinical features as they relate to potential interventions for older adults with hoarding disorder (HD). The aim of the current investigation was to explore age-related differences in the level of functional and cognitive impairment in individuals with HD. Methods The current study utilized the baseline assessments of 122 adults with HD. Age-related differences in the raw scores of psychiatric, cognitive, and daily functioning were analyzed using a series of multiple regression models controlling for the possible age-related differences in premorbid IQ. Results Our results suggested that older adults with HD may experience increased levels of impairment in skills related to executive functioning and everyday functioning when compared with younger adults with HD. Conclusions Given these difficulties with neurocognitive functioning, older HD patients may require interventions that focus more on behavioral and functional skills, rather than focusing on changing thought processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of AIM and MBPE techniques to accelerate modeling of 3-D doubly periodic structures with nonorthogonal lattices composed of bianisotropic media

An efficient methodology is introduced for rapid analysis and design of three-dimensional (3-D) doubly periodic structures over a wide frequency range based on hybrid finite element boundary integral (FEBI) methods. The 3-D doubly periodic structures can be represented as nonorthogonal lattices composed of general inhomogeneous bianisotropic media with arbitrarily-shaped metallic patches. Based on Floquet theory and periodic boundary conditions, the original stated problem that involves infinite periodic structures can be converted into a single unit cell. Using the equivalence principle, the derived BI equation formulation is applied to the top and bottom surfaces of the unit cell, which results in a perfectly reflectionless boundary condition for the FE-based approach. Then, the unit cell was meshed using triangular prismatic volume elements, which provide a great deal of flexibility in modeling complex planar geometries with arbitrary shapes in the transverse direction. The adaptive integral method (AIM) was employed to accelerate the calculation of the matrix-vector product for the BI portion within the iterative solver. Furthermore, a model-based parameter estimation (MBPE) technique was proposed for the wide-band interpolation of the required impedance matrix elements in the BI part for near field components that were used in the AIM procedure. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed hybrid algorithms are demonstrated by the presented numerical results (e.g., in comparison with analytical solutions). Several simulation results are presented to illustrate the flexibility of the proposed methods for analysis of frequency selective surfaces with arbitrarily-shaped metallic patches, bianisotropic materials, and nonorthogonal lattice configurations.
Antibiotics: Discontinue Low-Dose Use

In his Editorial “Time to Deal with Antibiotics” (15 November 2013, p. [777][1]), D. Kennedy correctly calls again (as he did in the 1970s) for curbs on the overuse of antibiotics on industrial farms, where excessive animal crowding has favored the likelihood of disease and the perceived need to
Medium Effects on the Direct Cis−Trans Photoisomerization of 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene in Solution

Quantum yields for the photoisomerization of trans,trans-1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadiene (tt-DPB), determined in benzene, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, hexane, and perfluorohexane, confirm the low values reported earlier for benzene and cyclohexane and reveal even lower values in the last two solvents. In contrast to trans-stilbene (t-St), fluorescence and torsional relaxation leading to photoisomerization do not account exclusively for S1tt-DPB decay. Competing radiationless singlet excited-state decay pathways exist in tt-DPB, which do not lead to photoisomerization and may not involve large-amplitude torsional motions. Our results invalidate analyses of tt-DPB fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes that assign all radiationless decay to the isomerization channel. Gas-phase chromatography analysis of tt-DPB photoisomerization in hexane shows the reaction to be concentration-independent and reveals, for the first time, a significant, two-bond photoisomerization pathway, ϕtt→tc = 0.092 and ϕtt→cc = 0.020....
Receptive field properties of bipolar cell axon terminals in direction-selective sublaminas of the mouse retina.

Retinal bipolar cells (BCs) transmit visual signals in parallel channels from the outer to the inner retina, where they provide glutamatergic inputs to specific networks of amacrine and ganglion ce...
Epilepsy and Fragile X Syndrome

The seizure history of 136 patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS), (age range 2 to 51 years; 113 males and 23 females), were reviewed at RUSH-Presbyterian-St Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, IL.
The design of capacity-measure system of a storage battery for a new military movable electric power plant

According to the characteristic and requirement of storge battery used for military movable power plant,a capacity-measure system of a storage battery for a new military movable electric power plant has been developed. The coulometry indexs can be measured more faster,exactly and reliably in different conditions. A technique problems of measuring capacity of storage battery has been resolved.
Students to Surgeons: Increasing Matriculation in Surgical Specialties

Introduction Our nation suffers from a shortage in surgeons. This deficiency must be addressed at the medical student level. Increasing faculty and resident interaction with junior students augments surgical interest. Our surgical interest group has recently redefined its role to address these concerns. Methods A multifocal approach has been implemented to increase interest in the surgical specialties. Each academic year, senior students recruit first and second year students to our group to establish early exposure. Members receive didactic presentations from surgical faculty, addressing various topics, on a biweekly basis. In addition, scrubbing, knot-tying, and suturing workshops address technical skills throughout the semester. Membership and match data were collated and analyzed. Results Over the past 5 years, the enrollment in the student interest group increased significantly from 112 to 150. Accordingly, we have observed a parallel increase in the number of students who have successfully matched into surgical residencies. A record number of students (37) from the class of 2013 matched into surgical specialties, representing an 85% increase over the last decade. After creating bylaws and electing societal officers, the group has been recognized by the school's Student Council and given financial support. At present, the group is fiscally solvent with support from the institution, surgery department, and faculty. Conclusion As the demand for surgeons increases so too does the need to increase student interest in surgery. Our school has been successful because of our surgical interest group, and we encourage other schools to adopt a similar approach.
Frontal intermittent rhythmical delta activity and anterior bradyrhythmia.

Rhythmical intermittent delta activity was found in 162 patients (out of a total of 5,542 patients; i.e. 2.9%). The typical features of frontal rhythmical intermittent delta activity (FIRDA) were noted in 105 patients while in 43 the pattern of anterior bradyrhythmia (AB) was present. Mental decline with delirium or dementia was the most common clinical correlate in cases of FIRDA, whereas cerebrovascular disorder represented the by far most frequent etiology in cases of AB. The patient group with AB proved to be older than the population with FIRDA. Stress was laid on the distinctive EEG features of FIRDA and AB as well as their relationship to the level of vigilance. FIRDA invariably showed a maximum over the frontopolar region whereas AB was maximally developed either over frontopolar or over superior frontal areas. There is reason to presume that a superior frontal maximum is related to arousal mechanisms (with input into the supplementary motor zone). On the other hand, it is hypothesized that the frontopolar maximum of FIRDA reflects thought processes in a frontal lobe with compromised circulation.
Some Ecological Implications for the Organization of Human Intervention throughout the Life Span

ABSTRACT The purpose of this chapter is to examine organizational and ecological dimensions of human intervention, and through the use of a life-span approach, to develop some possibilities for intervention alternatives that might more positively alter patterns of community life. Human services are examined as complex organizations and as active agents of bio-social intervention. Organizational characteristics which make the human service organization relatively unique and problematical are examined, as are some of the consequences of intervention efforts in the U.S. It is suggested that in planning and developing human service intervention efforts consideration should be given to ecological dimensions of community life, such as the degree of environmental control and sequential environmental linkages. Certain aspects of the language of biology and system theory is suggested as useful for the integration of human services, as well as organizations which have been historically characterized by a high degree of professional and linguistic specialization. A life-span model for the assessment of patterns of community problems and intervention efforts is proposed, and its uses in the planning of intervention strategies are discussed. Finally, professionalism and its impact in human service organizations is discussed, and some suggestions are made regarding changes in professional training programs.
Abstract 3571: Targeted suppression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins amplifies apoptosis and improves response to enzalutamide in prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. First-line treatment includes androgen deprivation therapy in addition to androgen receptor (AR) antagonists that work to block androgen signaling. Although most patients respond initially to hormone deprivation therapy, responses are not durable and the disease progresses to a lethal stage, termed castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Interestingly, most CRPCs are still dependent on AR signaling for growth and survival, therefore more potent AR-antagonists such as enzalutamide have recently been FDA approved for treatment of CRPC. However, response rates to enzalutamide can be limited by emergence of acquired resistance or intrinsic resistance. A universal mechanism of resistance to cytotoxic therapies is upregulation of anti-apoptotic programs that function to override death signals and permit survival of the tumor cell. In prostate cancer, overexpression of the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) proteins cIAP1, cIAP2, and XIAP has been demonstrated in progression to CRPC. Additionally, aberrant expression of these proteins is reported to contribute to anti-androgen resistance. Therefore, to achieve more robust responses to AR inhibition with enzalutamide, we targeted IAP proteins in order to amplify the apoptotic signal and increase cell death in prostate cancer cells. Using a small-molecule IAP inhibitor, we evaluated response to enzalutamide upon IAP inhibition in prostate cancer cell lines LNCAP and C4-2. Here we demonstrate greater proliferation inhibition, reduced cell survival and synergistic induction of apoptosis signaling in response to combined AR antagonism and IAP inhibition. Furthermore, we demonstrate depletion of cIAP1 protein expression upon enzalutamide treatment indicating a possible role for AR in regulating anti-apoptotic pathways. Taken together these results demonstrate that IAP proteins may be a critical survival pathway in CRPC and antagonism of these proteins through small-molecule inhibition can amplify apoptosis and increase cell death in response to enzalutamide. Targeting a critical survival pathway can lower the apoptotic threshold providing a possible therapeutic opportunity to treat and prevent resistance to enzalutamide and increase benefit to patients with this lethal form of prostate cancer. Citation Format: Amanda Pilling, Ok Hwang, Clara Hwang. Targeted suppression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins amplifies apoptosis and improves response to enzalutamide in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3571.
Comparing openstack and VMware

Cloud computing platform relies on principle of sharing of resources. VMware products and OpenStack are the cloud platforms being used extensively in the industry. Of which OpenStack is the new competitor, which provides support for hybrid cloud environment. We compare features of VMware products and OpenStack in this paper. Resources in cloud include computing resources, storage and network. These resources should be allocated and scheduled in a way that user should get the better performance as well as provider should achieve high resource utilizations. In this paper, we describe VMware Distribute Resource Scheduler and OpenStack nova-scheduler.
An exploratory study of academic literacy socialization: Building genre awareness in a teacher education program

Abstract As apprenticeship models have evolved, language teacher education (LTE) has increasingly adopted evidence-based approaches to teacher preparation. Intended to promote subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and procedural knowledge, LTE curricula often target novice teachers' agency, identity construction, and critical awareness. An ongoing challenge facing LTE involves cultivating candidates' disciplinary knowledge and facilitating their socialization into professional discourses, yet little research has examined the role of genre awareness in language teacher development. This article explores two aspects of teacher learning in LTE: (1) influences of implicit and explicit genre-oriented practices designed to raise genre awareness and (2) teacher candidates' perceptions of genre-oriented instruction as a source of professional knowledge and skill. Guided by mixed-methods action research principles, the authors analyze quantitative and qualitative data from 58 teacher candidates in a US-based, graduate-level LTE program. Data collection methods included a questionnaire interrogating students' academic literacy experiences, and focus group discussions. While supporting the goal of developing candidates' pedagogical content knowledge, findings suggest that some methods for cultivating content expertise are perhaps insufficient for promoting critical disciplinary knowledge and appropriating genre expectations. The article discusses the potential benefits of genre-oriented approaches designed to enhance novice teachers' genre awareness and critical literacies.
Can Negligible Rate Increase Network Reliability

In network cooperation strategies, nodes work together with the aim of increasing transmission rates or reliability. This paper demonstrates that enabling cooperation between the transmitters of a two-user multiple access channel via a cooperation facilitator that has access to both messages results in a network whose maximal- and average-error capacity regions are the same; this benefit ensues even when the information received by each transmitter is negligible. From this result, it follows that if a multiple access channel with no transmitter cooperation has different maximal- and average-error sum-capacities, then the maximal-error sum-capacity of the network consisting of this channel and a cooperation facilitator is not continuous with respect to the output edge capacities of the facilitator. Thus, there exist networks where adding negligible rate yields a non-negligible benefit.
Triple dissociation of duration perception regulating mechanisms: Top-down attention is inherent.

The brain constantly adjusts perceived duration based on the recent event history. One such lab phenomenon is subjective time expansion induced in an oddball paradigm (“oddball chronostasis”), where the duration of a distinct item (oddball) appears subjectively longer when embedded in a series of other repeated items (standards). Three hypotheses have been separately proposed but it remains unresolved which or all of them are true: 1) attention prolongs oddball duration, 2) repetition suppression reduces standards duration, and 3) accumulative temporal preparation (anticipation) expedites the perceived item onset so as to lengthen its duration. We thus conducted critical systematic experiments to dissociate the relative contribution of all hypotheses, by orthogonally manipulating sequences types (repeated, ordered, or random) and target serial positions. Participants’ task was to judge whether a target lasts shorter or longer than its reference. The main finding was that a random item sequence still elicited significant chronostasis even though each item was odd. That is, simply being a target draws top-down attention and induces chronostasis. In Experiments 1 (digits) and 2 (orientations), top-down attention explained about half of the effect while saliency/adaptation explained the other half. Additionally, for non-repeated (ordered and random) sequence types, a target with later serial position still elicited stronger chronostasis, favoring a temporal preparation over a repetition suppression account. By contrast, in Experiment 3 (colors), top-down attention was likely the sole factor. Consequently, top-down attention is necessary and sometimes sufficient to explain oddball chronostasis; saliency/adaptation and temporal preparation are contingent factors. These critical boundary conditions revealed in our study serve as quantitative constraints for neural models of duration perception.
Carbon Monoxide Inhibits Islet Apoptosis via Induction of Autophagy.

Abstract Aim: Carbon monoxide (CO) functions as a therapeutic molecule in various disease models because of its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. We investigated the capacity of CO to...
What is the effect on comorbid personality disorder of brief panic-focused psychotherapy in patients with panic disorder?

BACKGROUND No studies of psychotherapies for panic disorder (PD) have examined effects on comorbid personality disorders (PersD), yet half such patients have a PersD. METHODS In a randomized trial for PD with and without agoraphobia comparing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP), PersD was assessed pre-to-post treatment with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnosis of Axis-II Disorders (SCID-II). For patients completing therapy (n = 118, 54 with PersD), covariance between panic and SCID-II criteria improvements was analyzed. SCID-II diagnostic remission and recovery were evaluated. Comparative efficacy of PFPP versus CBT for improving PersD was analyzed both for the average patient, and as a function of PersD severity. RESULTS 37 and 17% of PersD patients experienced diagnostic PersD remission and recovery, respectively. Larger reductions in PersD were related to more panic improvement, with a modest effect size (r = 0.28). Although there was no difference between treatments in their ability to improve PersD for the average patient (d = 0.01), patients meeting more PersD criteria did better in PFPP compared to CBT (P = .007), with PFPP being significantly superior at 11 criteria and above (d = 0.66; 3 more criteria lost). CONCLUSIONS PersD presenting in the context of primary PD rarely resolves during psychotherapies focused on PD, and change in PersD only moderately tracks panic improvements, indicating non-overlap of the constructs. Patients receiving panic-focused psychotherapies may require additional treatment for their PersD. PFPP may be superior at improving severe PersD, but replication of this finding is required.
A comparison of online and traditional chemistry lecture and lab

While the equivalence between online and traditional classrooms has been well researched, very little effort has been expended to do such comparisons for college level introductory chemistry. The existing literature has only one study that investigated chemistry lectures at an entire course level as opposed to particular course components such as individual topics or exams. Regarding lab courses, only one study is available and it involves moderating variables that are largely uncontrolled. In this work, we compared the student pass rates, withdrawal rates, and grade distributions between asynchronous online and traditional formats of an introductory chemistry lecture as well as its associated lab course. The study was based on the 823 university records available for the 2015–2016 academic year. Student pass and withdrawal rates between the two modes were quite similar and did not appear to be statistically significant. However, grade distributions for both the lecture and lab differed between the two learning modes, showing significant statistical associations. Online students were more likely to earn As in both lecture and lab while traditional in-person students were more likely to earn Cs or Ds. Further research should include replication of this study with a larger data set. Additionally, this study should be repeated in three to five years to determine if advances in course design, standardization and delivery platforms further reduce or eliminate differences between learning modes. Future studies should also use qualitative tools for a better understanding of why students fail or withdraw from courses.
Identification of parameters in transient water quality models from stochastic data

An approach is presented for the identification of parameters in time-varying water quality models from stochastic data measured at two points along a stream (input-output type data). The models are plug flow models described by linear-first order partial differential equations. The method employed is to reduce the partial differential equations to a set of ordinary differential equations with the method of characteristics from which an analytical solution is obtained. The time-lag phenomenon presented in plug flow models is used to correlate the input-output data. A gradient method (Bard's method) is employed to identify the parameters in the correlation equation.
Crime sequencing: Fighting crime with mathematics and technology

The initial goal of this research was to understand crime sprees in South Orange, NJ. We wanted to create an algorithm that would help police departments identify characteristics of crime sprees and ultimately predict crime sprees based on these signs. Since crime sprees rarely occurred in South Orange, we refocused our attention to crimes committed in South Orange by area residents (South Orange, East Orange, Irvington, Maplewood, Newark, and Orange). Our second goal was to look at the distribution of these crimes in South Orange in zones defined by us. We wanted to discover how crime location was related to the perpetrators' starting point or home address.
A novel paraneoplastic syndrome with acquired lipodystrophy and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in an adolescent male with craniopharyngioma.

Background Acquired lipodystrophy, craniopharyngioma and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) are individually rare disorders, and have never before been reported in a single patient. Case presentation A 15-year-7 month old Caucasian male presented with lower extremity weakness, frequent falls and abnormal fat distribution occurring over the previous 1 year. He was diagnosed with CIDP, craniopharyngioma and acquired lipodystrophy. The patient underwent tumor debulking and cranial irradiation for the craniopharyngioma, and received monthly intravenous immunoglobulin for the CIDP. The patient initially had some resolution of the lipodystrophy phenotype, but subsequently the abnormal fat distribution recurred and the patient developed additional systemic abnormalities, including mild pancytopenia and hepatic fibrosis. Conclusions Our patient represents a novel association of acquired lipodystrophy, craniopharyngioma, and CIDP, possibly due to an as yet unidentified paraneoplastic autoantibody.
Using tripartite graphs to make long tail recommendations

While current state-of-the-art recommendation systems perform fairly well, they generally do better at recommending the popular subset of all products available rather than matching consumers with the vast amount of niche products in what has been termed the “Long Tail”. In their seminal work, “Challenging the Long Tail Recommendation”, Yin et al. make an eloquent argument that the long tail is where organizations can create the most value for their consumers. They also argue that existing recommender systems operate fundamentally different for long tail products than for mainstream goods. While matrix factorization, nearest-neighbors, and clustering work well for the “head” market, the long tail is better represented by a graph; specifically a bipartite graph that connects a set of users to a set of goods. In this paper, we show the algorithms presented by Yin et al., as well as a set of similar algorithms proposed by Shang et al., which traverse the bipartite graphs through a random walker in order to identify similar users and products. We build on elements from each work, as well as elements from a Markov process, to facilitate the random walker's traversal of the graph into the long tail regions. This method specifically constructs paths into regions of the long tail that are favorable to users.
Image simulation using decomposition of the point spread function

Realistic image simulation is useful understanding artifacts introduced by lens aberrations. Simple simulations which convolve the system point spread function (PSF) with a scene are typically fast because Fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques are used to calculate the convolution in the Fourier domain. This technique, however, inherently assumes that the PSF is shift invariant. In general, optical systems have a shift variant PSF and the speed of FFT is lost. To simulate shift variant cases, the scene is often broken down into a set of sub-regions over which the PSF is approximately isoplanatic. The FFT methods can then be employed over each sub-regions and then the sub-regions are recombined to create the image simulation. There is an obvious tradeoff between the number of sub-regions and the fidelity of the final image. This fidelity is dependent upon how quickly the PSF changes between adjacent sub-regions. Here, a different strategy is employed where PSFs at different points in the field are sampled and decomposed into a novel set of basis functions. The PSF at locations between the sampled points are estimated by interpolating the expansion coefficients of the decomposition. In this manner, the image simulation is built up by combining the interpolated PSFs across the scene. The technique is verified by generating a grid of PSFs in raytracing software and determining the interpolated PSFs at various points in the field. These interpolated PSFs are compared to the PSFs calculated directly for the same field point.
Effects of Imperfections in Heat Straightening Repair of Steel Beam Bridges

A 40 ft. long two-span continuous steel bridge with two composite beams was constructed in the laboratory and subjected to damage followed by heat straightening repair. A36 steel section (W30 × 90)...