cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Silver nanoparticle on zinc oxide array for label-free detection of opioids through surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy

Opioid abuse is a significant public health problem. Over two million Americans have some form of addiction to opioids; however, despite governmental programs established to treat overdoses and restrict opioid distribution, there are still few screening tools that are quantitative, portable and easy to use for high-throughput mapping and monitoring this ongoing crisis. In this paper, we demonstrated a plasmonic zinc oxide (ZnO) arrays-on-silicon sensor for the label-free detection of opioids through surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and evaluated the chips' opioid sensing performance. Specifically, we tested our device with oxycodone, a potent and commonly abused opioid, dissolved in methanol and blood serum as a proof-of-concept study. Ag particles were in situ patterned onto the ZnO array to form the completed sensing platform. The resulting Ag@ZnO arrays were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDS), and element mapping. In addition, the enhanced electric field induced by the localized surface plasmonic resonance at the Ag particle decorated ZnO is simulated using COMSOL. Opioid-containing samples at varying concentrations, from 900 μg mL−1 to 90 ng mL−1 were tested using SERS to characterize the chip's accuracy and sensitivity. We demonstrated that the sensor can reliably detect opioid concentrations as low as 90 ng mL−1 with great accuracy and sensitivity even spiked into blood serum. The chips could provide a cost-effective, high-throughput method for detecting opiate oxycodone, thereby providing a powerful tool to monitor and control the emerging public health threats.
Unexpected effects of coastal storms on trophic ecology of two rocky reef fish species

Coastal storm risks have been increasing over the last couple of decades, affecting both marine infrastructure and human security. Nevertheless, the ecological impact on intertidal marine fishes has not been addressed yet. We carried out a field experiment during austral summer 2018, using statistical wave parameters, characterizing coastal storms as a factor, and the gut content of two sympatric intertidal triplefins, Helcogrammoides chilensis and Helcogrammoides cunninghami, as a proxy for trophic interactions. Three locations were sampled before and after the arrival of three consecutive summer coastal storm events. From all gut contents, a total of 16,597 prey items were found. Both species are micro-carnivorous, predating mostly on harpacticoid copepods, amphipods and chironomid larvae, without significant differences in prey composition with the passing of the summer coastal storms. However, after coastal storms, heavier-at-length fish (0.05–0.5 g weight gain) were found in the intertidal. Indeed, after the impact of the coastal storms, H. chilensis increased their ingestion of larger prey (amphipods, chironomid larvae), while H. cunninghami decreased the number of prey ingested. When compared between species, the feeding success after the passing of coastal storms was greater for H. chilensis than H. cunninghami. Finally, trophic overlap between species was high, but after the coastal storms passed, it decreased noticeably due to small changes in proportion of large chironomid and gammarid amphipods in the diet. Therefore, summer coastal storms affected the foraging behavior, increasing the weight of two recurrent cryptobenthic rocky reef fish from central Chile. In a broader ecological context, the shift from pelagic (i.e., copepods) to benthic prey (i.e., amphipods, polychaetes) may change the relative contribution and the subsidy production in nearshore habitats via pelagic-benthic coupling.
Fluorescence Imaging-Based Discovery of Membrane Domain-Associated Proteins in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

Mycobacteria spatially organize their plasma membrane, and many enzymes involved in envelope biosynthesis associate with a membrane compartment termed the intracellular membrane domain (IMD). The IMD is concentrated in the polar regions of growing cells and becomes less polarized under non-growing conditions. Because mycobacteria elongate from the poles, the observed polar localization of the IMD during growth likely supports the localized biosynthesis of envelope components. While we have identified more than 300 IMD-associated proteins by proteomic analyses, only a handful of these have been verified by independent experimental methods. Furthermore, some IMD-associated proteins may have escaped proteomic identification and remain to be identified. Here, we visually screened an arrayed library of 523 Mycobacterium smegmatis strains, each producing a Dendra2-FLAG-tagged recombinant protein. We identified 29 fusion proteins that showed polar fluorescence patterns characteristic of IMD proteins. Twenty of these had previously been suggested to localize to the IMD based on proteomic data. Of the nine remaining IMD candidate proteins, three were confirmed by biochemical methods to be associated with the IMD. Taken together, this new co-localization strategy is effective in verifying the IMD association of proteins found by proteomic analyses, while facilitating the discovery of additional IMD-associated proteins. Importance The intracellular membrane domain (IMD) is a membrane subcompartment found in Mycobacterium smegmatis cells. Proteomic analysis of purified IMD identified more than 300 proteins, including enzymes involved in cell envelope biosynthesis. However, proteomics on its own is unlikely to detect every IMD-associated protein because of technical and biological limitations. Here, we describe fluorescent protein co-localization as an alternative, independent approach. Using a combination of fluorescence microscopy, proteomics, and subcellular fractionation, we identified three new proteins associated with the IMD. Such a robust method to rigorously define IMD proteins will benefit future investigations to decipher the synthesis, maintenance and functions of this membrane domain, and help delineate a more general mechanisms of subcellular protein localization in mycobacteria.
Towards a Theory of Punctuated Peace

This chapter presents a new theoretical concept in post-conflict peacebuilding research that further explains the nature of peace in Nigeria’s oil region and provides context for this book. The emerging theoretical concept is heuristically framed as punctuated peace and is interrogated through its imbrication within the broader contours of negative and positive peace, highlighting the limits of these concepts in relation to the post-conflict environment in Nigeria’s oil region. Punctuated peace underscores the argument that the stability of a post-conflict society is not a determinant of positive peace. Under certain conditions, a stable post-conflict society may relapse into repeated cycles of destructive conflict that will punctuate the progression of peace as identity groups mobilize insurgency as a strategy for getting the government to commit to negotiations. Thus, punctuated peace theory builds implicitly on the assumption that the management of the Niger Delta conflict has both peace-affirming and peace-threatening aspects that bring to light the positive and negative consequences of peacebuilding. It describes peace-affirming aspects as those interventions that not only demilitarize the oil region by taking arms from insurgents but also have focused on their personal and social transformation. Likewise, peace-threatening aspects are those interventions that have transformed the peacebuilding program into an industry racket so that any group with a grievance can mobilize violence for material gain. Punctuated peace theory, therefore, points to a new explanation of post-conflict peacebuilding success and failure and the dynamics that help illuminate our understanding of the nature of peace in Nigeria’s oil region.
Self-Reported Preferences for Help-Seeking and Barriers to Using Mental Health Supports Among Internal Medicine Residents: Exploratory Use of an Econometric Best-Worst Scaling Framework for Gathering Physician Wellness Preferences.

Background: Burnout interventions are limited by low use. Understanding resident physician preferences for burnout interventions may increase utilization and improve the assessment of these interventions. Objective: This study aims to use an econometric best-worst scaling (BWS) framework to survey internal medicine resident physicians to establish help-seeking preferences for burnout and barriers to using wellness supports by quantifying selections for 7 wellness support options and 7 barriers. Methods: Internal medicine resident physicians at our institution completed an anonymous web-based BWS survey during the 2020-2021 academic year. This cross-sectional study was analyzed with multinomial logistic regression and latent class modeling to determine the relative rank ordering of factors for seeking support for burnout and barriers to using wellness supports. Analysis of variance with Tukey honest significant difference posthoc test was used to analyze differences in mean utility scores representing choice for barriers and support options. Results: Of the 163 invited residents, 77 (47.2% response rate) completed the survey. Top-ranking factors for seeking wellness supports included seeking informal peer support (best: 71%; worst: 0.6%) and support from friends and family (best: 70%; worst: 1.6%). Top-ranking barriers to seeking counseling included time (best: 75%; worst: 5%) and money (best: 35%; worst: 21%). Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that low utilization of formal mental health support is reflective of resident preferences to seek help informally and that increasing utilization will require addressing pragmatic barriers of time and cost. Assessing physician preferences for wellness-related initiatives may contribute to understanding the low utilization of formal mental health services among physicians, which can be determined using a BWS framework. Trial Registration:
A Meteorological Method for Profile Surveying

Hydrodynamic equation derived similar to that which underlies method generally known as Airborne Profile Recording but one that is free of assumption that wind is geostrophic; aircraft is made to fly along an isobar and certain atmospheric measurements are taken enroute as well as at ends of trajectory and on two ground points.
International air transportation: some challenges.

In a Spring 1984 article in the FIU Hospitality Review, new developments in the domestic airline industry were discussed, particularly those relating to the forces of deregulation and the changes brought about by this phenomenon. This article takes a wider perspective in examining the global air transportation scene, the changes that have been wrought recently on air carriers flying international routes, and the carriers' responses to these changes.
Mechanism of the Biosynthesis of Vitamin A from β-Carotene

Experiments were conducted to determine whether the hydrogen atoms attached to the 2 central carbon atoms of β-carotene are retained or are lost during the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Doubly labeled β-carotene, uniformly labeled with 14C throughout the molecule but specifically labeled with 3H only at the central carbon atoms (C-15 and C-15'), was fed to each of two lymph fistula rats. Lymph was collected and the retinyl esters isolated. The ratio of 3H to 14C in the retinyl esters from lymph, and in the retinol obtained from these esters by saponification, was identical with the ratio of 3H to 14C in the dietary β-carotene. This indicated that there was no loss of 3H relative to 14C during the conversion of β-carotene to vitamin A. Complete retention of 3H relative to 14C was also found during the conversion in vitro of doubly labeled β-carotene to retinal with homogenates of rat intestinal mucosa. The hydrogen atoms attached to the central carbon atoms of β-carotene must therefore be retained completely during the biosynthesis of vitamin A. In order to verify that the 3H label was attached only to the central carbon atoms of β-carotene, the retinol (from lymph) was oxidized to retinoic acid by a two-step procedure. This oxidation was accompanied by a complete loss of 3H label from the molecule. The biosynthesis of vitamin A from β-carotene is most likely a dioxygenase reaction, in which molecular oxygen reacts with the 2 central carbon atoms of β-carotene, followed by the cleavage of the central double bond of β-carotene to yield 2 molecules of retinal.
Chapter 1 Recent advances in the synthesis of heterocycles via ring-closing metathesis

Publisher Summary The chapter presents advances in the field of ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as applied to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Emphasis is placed on the synthetic aspects of RCM. Details on the mechanism of this process can be found in the aforementioned reviews as can information on catalyst preparation and reactivity. RCM of heteroatom-functionalized dienes is a powerful method for the construction of an ever-broadening range of heterocycles. The influence of catalyst structure on the stereochemistry of cyclic alkenes formed by this reaction is certain to remain a lively area of research. A more detailed understanding of the subtle factors influencing this stereoselectivity should eventually, at least in large ring formation, enable the stereochemical control of a given RCM simply by appropriate catalyst choice. In addition, given the diversity of products presented in the chapter, it appears that the only limitation on this reaction with respect to the formation of heterocyclic rings may currently be the lack of convenient processes for the preparation of the desired starting materials. Overcoming this limitation will be another focus of further synthetic research in this area.
A system approach to information system: Design for a city planning agency

Abstract Information system design forms the most vital element in designing an organization. An information system for a city planning agency is a combination of people, computer hardware and software, a dynamic data base and a set of generalized interactive algorithms. City planning agencies require complete and current information in order to provide input into municipal government decision process. This paper presents a model for an information system based on the operational functions of various city departments. The emphasis of this paper is on system engineering considerations and there is no attempt to provide a detailed programming solution. Basic considerations include: operational requirements, planning requirements, political environment and level of computer expertise. The basic components of the model are an on-line interactive system with a data-base shared by the participating departments.
Assessing Evidence in Pain Medicine: Clarifications and Misconceptions

Dear Editor: We appreciate the interest shown by Boswell et al. in my articles on how to use evidence in pain practice [1,2] and the opportunity to clarify how some of the systematic reviews I discussed were assessed. As described in the articles, a review of facet joint interventions by Boswell et al. applied its exclusion criteria inconsistently [3]. The methods state, “To be included in this review, ideally, all studies should have documented the existence of spinal pain of facet origin using controlled diagnostic facet joint or nerve blocks. Due to the scarcity of such studies, some studies with single blocks were also considered”[4]. Boswell et al. excluded a negative randomized trial of radiofrequency by Leclaire et al. [5] because it used a single uncontrolled diagnostic block (based on a positive response in the following week), yet included a positive trial by van Kleef et al. [6] that also used an uncontrolled block (based on a positive response 30 minutes after the injection). The application of post hoc exclusion criteria related to the timing of the positive response to an uncontrolled diagnostic block was not specified in the methods section, appears arbitrary, and is not appropriate in a systematic review. Either …
Silicon RF Technology - The Two Generic Approaches

The implementation of a complete RF transceiver system on a single silicon chip is motivated by a rapidly emerging wireless communication market which extends to consumer as well as commercial applications. This paper attempts to identify two generic paths on which the required fabrication processes and device structures can be accomplished. The first approach is conservative and aims for an engineering of the RF functions without altering the existing silicon fabrication scheme. The second, more innovative development path considers the introduction of new materials and process steps in order to overcome the limitations of silicon processes in comparison to hybrid RF technology.
Communication protocols for fault-tolerant clock synchronization in not-completely connected networks

Communications protocols for not-completely-connected networks are presented, and their cost is evaluated in terms of message exchanges. An efficient protocol tailored to convergence function clock synchronization is introduced. The number of messages used by this approach is equal to a proven lower bound on the number of messages and, hence, the approach is optimal. This protocol can be combined with a convergence function algorithm to achieve fault-tolerant clock synchronization in not-completely-connected networks at a far lower cost than previous approaches. >
Voltage-dependent effects of opioid peptides on hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in vitro

Opioid peptides, and especially the dynorphins, have been localized to several circuits in the CA3 hippocampal region, yet electrophysiological studies often find mixed effects of opiates on the excitability of CA3 neurons. Reasoning that these mixed effects might involve voltage-dependent actions, we tested the effect of several opiates on CA3 pyramidal neurons using single-electrode voltage-clamp recording in a slice preparation of rat hippocampus. In most CA3 neurons, the voltage-dependent K+ current known as the M-current (IM) was uniquely sensitive to the opioid peptides, with the direction of response dependent upon the opiate type and concentration. Thus, an opiate selective for kappa receptors, U-50,488H, significantly augmented IM. The kappa-selective agonists dynorphin A and dynorphin B, which exist in mossy fiber afferents to CA3 pyramidal neurons, also markedly augmented IM at low concentrations (20-100 nM). By contrast, dynorphin A at higher concentrations (1-1.5 microM) often reduced IM. Similarly, several opiates [e.g., D-Ala2,D-Leu5-enkephalin: (DADL), [D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin (DPDPE)] known to act on the delta receptor subtypes reduced the M-current, with partial reversal of this effect by naloxone. Neither the selective mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala2, NMe-Phe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO) nor the nonopioid fragment of dynorphin, des-Tyr-dynorphin, consistently altered IM. These opiate effects on IM were accompanied by changes in conductance and holding current consistent with their respective effects on IM. Dynorphin A did not measurably affect the Q-current, a conductance known to contribute to inward rectification in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. The opiate effects on IM were not altered by pretreatment with Cs+ (which blocks IQ) or Ca2+ channel blockers. The opposing effects of the dynorphins (both A and B) and DADL on IM were antagonized by naloxone (1-3 microM), and the dynorphin-induced augmentations of IM were usually reversed by the kappa receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine. These results suggest that the opiates can have opposing effects on the same voltage-dependent K+ channel type (the M channel) in the rat CA3 pyramidal neuron, with the direction of the response depending on which receptor subtype is activated. These data not only help explain the mixed effects of opiates seen in other studies, but also suggest a potential postsynaptic function for the endogenous opiates contained in the CA3 mossy fibers.
Acoustic Resonance Phenomena in Low Wattage Metal Halide Lamps

Computations of the acoustic frequencies and mode shapes were performed for small discharge lamps—about 6mm diameter, 30 Watts power. The effects of realistic temperature profiles and of electrodes are included in the computations. Comparison with observed high-frequency operating ranges of the lamps shows that acoustic resonance is responsible for instability of the discharge over most frequencies. The effects of bulb shape and electrode gap variations are computed, and it is shown how to widen the main operating frequency window by 20–25 percent.
The value of the CISSP certification for educators and professionals

The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) is the preeminent information security certification. The sponsoring organization (ISC)2® describes the CISSP as "the credential for professionals who develop policies and procedures in information security." This paper examines the CISSP certifications. It discusses the value to educators and to professionals of preparing for, taking, and obtaining the CISSP certification.
Conflict Styles and High–Low Context Cultures: A Cross-Cultural Extension

This study examines the assertion that culture influences conflict style preference. Data were gathered in India (n = 657), Ireland (n = 311), Thailand (n = 232), and the United States (n = 592). Conflict was measured using Oetzel's Conflict Style Measure. Results confirm that high-context nations (India and Thailand) prefer the avoiding and obliging conflict styles more than low-context nations (Ireland and the United States), whereas low-context nations prefer the dominating conflict style more than high-context nations. However, results of this study are contrary to previous research in that high-context nations prefer the compromising style more than do low-context nations, and the nations are mixed in their level of preference for the integrating style.
Hierarchical bending analysis of cord-rubber composites

The bending stiffness of twisted steel cords and two-ply steel reinforced rubber belt structure was investigated using a hierarchical three-dimensional beam finite element analysis. The three-dimensional beam element takes into account the coupled extension, bending, and twisting deformations. The finite element results of bending stiffness obtained for twisted cords and two-ply cord-rubber belt are compared to the experimental data and other alternate solutions available in the literature. The effects of cord orientation, anisotropy, twisted nature of cords, and rubber core surrounding the twisted cord on the bending stiffness properties are presented and discussed.
OPTIMUM POLLEN AND FEMALE RECEPTOR SIZE FOR ANEMOPHILY

A set of mathematical models is developed to describe the relationship between the sizes of pollen grains and female receptors which result in maximum anemophilous pollen transfer. The models predict anemophilous plants should have Stokes numbers in the range of 1.0 to 2.72. The Stokes number is a function of both pollen size and effective receptive surface size. The models were tested with data gathered for 28 assumed anemophilous species and 20 known zoophilous species. The models identify anemophily with an accuracy of approximately 75%. If pollen size alone is used to determine anemophily, then accuracy drops to only 50%. The Stokes number criterion reported here could help in the determination of anemophily of extant and fossil plant taxa. PHYSICAL PROCESSES constrain pollen size in plants with an anemophilous syndrome. Pollen of anemophilous angiosperms tends to range between 20 and 40 ,um in diameter, because, it is believed, smaller pollen grains would never impact on female receptor surfaces, and larger heavier pollen grains would settle to the ground before reaching female reproductive organ surfaces (Faegri and van der Pijl, 1977; Whitehead, 1983). However, this size correlation is not absolute, as many gymnosperms have pollen larger than 20-40 ,um. There is little quantitative data relating female receptive organ size to pollen size for anemophilous plants, although much has been stated concerning the differing structures of the female receptors associated with anemophily and zoophily. Recently, the size and morphology of female receptive organs have been studied more carefully in respect to their aerodynamic and particle transfer characteristics (Niklas and Paw U, 1982, 1983; Paw U and Niklas, 1983; Niklas, Buchmann, and Kerchner, 1986). These works used wind tunnel experiments and some fluid dynamical techniques and concluded that female receptive surface size and morphology are important to intraspecies pollination, but little quantitative theory was developed concerning determination of the optimum relationship between pollen size and the female
The purification of a unique calcium-binding protein from Morris hepatoma 5123 tc

Abstract A heat-stable Ca 2+ -binding protein was purified to homogeneity from Morris hepatoma 5123 tc. It had an apparent molecular weight of 11 000, an isoelectric point of 3.9, and bound two atoms of calcium per molecule of protein. The spectral and amino acid analysis indicated the tumour protein to be similar to the parvalbumins. This protein has been shown to be absent in liver.
Thermal and Mineral Waters of Nonmeteoric Origin, California Coast Ranges

Note: This paper is dedicated to Aaron and Elizabeth Waters on the occasion of Dr. Waters' retirement. Recent isotope studies show that the waters involved in a variety of geologic processes are dominantly the local meteoric water of each area. In most active geothermal systems, the D/H ratio of the hot water is nearly identical with the local cold meteoric water, but the O18/O16 ratio has been shifted to a more positive value because of subsurface exchange with rocks. The numerous thermal springs of the Wilbur Springs mercury district, although rich in CO2, are otherwise similar in Cl content and isotopic composition to analyzed California oil-field waters. Some of the springs discharge near the tops of ridges. These relations cannot be explained by normal meteoric recharge. Water of isotopic composition similar to that of Wilbur Springs occurs in the Sulphur Bank mercury district 15 mi west of Wilbur Springs, but the Sulphur Bank water is higher in B and NH3 and much lower in Cl than are the Wilbur and most oil-field waters. The Wilbur Springs and Sulphur Bank waters are enriched by ∼40‰ in δD and ∼13‰ in δO18 relative to local meteoric waters of each area, and thus require processes that differ, at least in part, from most previously studied geothermal systems. The D enrichment, chemical composition, and ridge-top discharge are best explained by large proportions of nonmeteoric water. Wilbur Springs and Sulphur Bank may be dominated, respectively, by waters of connate and metamorphic origin, derived from reaction of ancient ocean waters and marine sediments, and now being forced out by pressures that are higher than hydrostatic. Present data indicate that the most saline of each of these types is more restricted in range of δD than are present-day meteoric waters of the same areas; complete flushing by existing or ancient meteoric waters is unlikely. Many springs in the region are chemically intermediate between the high- and low-chloride types and commonly mix near the surface in different proportions with local meteoric water. Many of these springs are associated with mercury deposits and Alpine serpentinites.
Concomitant diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis C virus liver disease: A study of two cases

Chronic hepatitis C virus HCV infection progresses through liver fibrosis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma HCC. It appears to be causally related to B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma since regression after antiviral therapy has been described. Two cases are described of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and HCC arising simultaneously in two patients. The first patient did not have cirrhosis on liver biopsy. HCV had been undetectable in plasma following successful therapy with interferon and ribavirin treatment 7 years earlier. The second patient developed an aggressive form of hepatocellular carcinoma HCC within weeks of stopping treatment with interferon and ribavirin. Therapy had induced complete viral suppression for over 40 weeks. The two cases suggest that non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and HCC can develop in the absence of detectable hepatitis C viremia and argues for continued surveillance even after sustained virological response to treatment.
Identification of genetic variants using bar-coded multiplexed sequencing

We developed a generalized framework for multiplexed resequencing of targeted regions of the human genome on the Illumina Genome Analyzer using degenerate indexed DNA sequence barcodes ligated to fragmented DNA prior to sequencing. Using this method, the DNA of multiple HapMap individuals was simultaneously sequenced at several ENCODE (ENCyclopedia of DNA Elements) regions. We then evaluated the use of Bayes factors for discovering and genotyping polymorphisms from aligned sequenced reads. If we required that predicted polymorphisms be either previously identified by dbSNP or be visually evident upon reinspection of archived ENCODE traces, we observed a false-positive rate of 11.3% using strict thresholds (Ks>1,000) for predicting variants and 69.6% for lax thresholds (Ks>10). Conversely, false-negative rates ranged from 10.8% to 90.8%, with those at stricter cut-offs occurring at lower coverage ( 90% of genetic variants are discoverable using multiplexed sequencing provided sufficient coverage at the polymorphic base.
Handling process disturbances and measurement errors

Abstract In a continuous chemical process the accuracy and reliability of process and analytical measurements are often a critical factor in control system performance and ultimately in product uniformity. This paper focuses on our experiences in the area of continuous process improvement and product variability reduction. It explores some of the present sensor deficiencies and their effect on feedback control systems. It discusses intermittent and cyclic disturbances and sensor errors, as well as some intelligent methods for validation. Finally, it discusses some statistical analysis tools for assisting in the detection of “special causes” and prerequisites to consider when applying advisory and supervisory control strategies.
Effect of the Position of Ulnar Three Digits on Thumb to Index Tip to Tip Pinch Strength

their dominant wrist performed 15 trials of dart throwing and hammering. Data was acquired at 200 Hzwith a motion capture system. Awrist joint coordinate system was implemented to calculate angles. Performance for dart throwing was measured as distance to the target’s center (mm). Hammering performance was measured as: time takenper nail (sec), total strikes, and percentage of missed strikes. Coupling, was the angle with respect to the positive horizontal axis using arctangent2(y,x). For example, 2458 indicates 1:1 flexion:ulnar-deviat ionand290 indicates isolated flexion. Kinematic Path Lengthwas defined as the total angular distance traveled along the kinematic path for each task. Active range of motion (ROM) and grip strength for the dominant hand and Patient Rated Wrist Evaluat ion (PRWE) scores were compared bet ween groups. One-way ANOVA (a 5 0.05)withLSDpost-hoc testswas used to test differences. Significance was a , 0.016 for post-hoc tests. Results: Flexion-extension (FE) ROM, radial-ulnar deviation (RUD) ROM, grip strength and PRWE scores were worse for MA and PRC groups comparedtohealthy.Clinicalmeasures were not different between MA and PRC. Coupling, kinematic path length and performance were reduced for both MA and PRC groups compared to healthy for dart throwing, however no differences existed between the 2 surgical groups. Kinematic path length was significantly reduced forMAcompared to PRCandhealthy.Hammering performance (time taken and total strikes per nail) was worse in MA compared to PRC and healthy. PRC group showed reduced coupling compared to bothMAandhealthy andwas significantly less than the coupling for healthy subjects. Conclusion: PRC individuals demonstrated improved performance and greater wrist motion compared toMA during hammering. Preserved motion at the midcarpal joint in PRC may be responsible for improved hammering performance. Altered wrist kinematics and functional performance were found after MA and PRC. A better understanding of functional outcomes following wrist reconstruction has implications for patient consent, surgical technique selection, implant design and postoperative rehabilitation. EFFECT OF THE POSITION OF ULNAR THREE DIGITS ON THUMB TO INDEX TIP TO TIP PINCH STRENGTH
Self and Identity in Career Development: Implications for Theory and Practice.

This article expands the conceptual framework of considerations of the self and identity in career development theory and practice. A brief review of the existing self and identity constructs in career development theory is provided. Selected advances in theoretical considerations of the self and identity emerging from fields outside of the purview of career development are presented with a focus on the importance of the relational and cultural contexts. An “embeddedness” perspective is offered that describes the interdependence between intrapersonal experience and social, relational, historical, and cultural contexts. A case vignette is provided to illustrate the implications for practice of that perspective.
Further Notes on the Evolution of Corporate Control and Institutional Investors: A Response to Niemonen

(1984). Further Notes on the Evolution of Corporate Control and Institutional Investors: A Response to Niemonen. The Sociological Quarterly: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 279-283.
The naphthalene route to anthracyclinones

Abstract A regiospecific total synthesis of 6,11-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-5,12-naphthacenedione-9-carboxylic acid methyl ester ( 3 ) was synthesized from the key intermediate ( 2 ).
Hydroboration-carbonylation of bisolefinic amines: a facile synthesis of δ-coniceine

Abstract Treatment of N-allyl-N-3-butenyl-N-Cbz-amIne ( 1 ) with thexyl borane followed by cyanidation affords an azacyclononanone 2 in 35% yield which can be transformed into δ-coniceine ( 3 ) by catalytic reduction.
The effect of grain morphology on longitudinal creep properties of INCONEL MA 754 at elevated temperatures

The longitudinal creep behavior of two heats of coarse grained INCONEL* MA 754 have been examined at temperatures of 1000 °C and above. Both heats exhibit a pronounced transition in deformation behavior. At high stresses, dislocation creep is observed and high stress exponents (n ∼40) are measured. Fracture in this regime is transgranular with high creep ductilities. At lower stresses, the stress exponents are low and fracture is intergranular. In this regime, the stress exponent depends strongly on the grain morphology. Heat 1, with a uniform fiber grain morphology, exhibits significantly higher stress exponents than Heat 2, which has a duplex grain morphology consisting of coarse grains along with pockets of fine, equiaxed grains. Microstructural examination of specimens deformed at the lower stresses provides evidence that cavitation of the transverse grain boundaries occurs by means of diffusive cavity growth. In the heat with the uniform fiber morphology, cavity growth is constrained by creep of adjacent grains. Cavity growth for the heat with the duplex grain morphology is apparently limited by the sliding of pockets of fine grains. The implications of these results for optimizing creep resistance of MA 754 are discussed.
De Haas van Alphen effect in high temperature superconductors

Abstract The de Haas van Alphen effect has been investigated using 100 tesla fields and temperatures below 4.2 Kelvin. It is concluded from these measurements that YBCO exhibits a Fermi surface with at least three separate extremal frequencies for the c-axis parallel to the applied field. Orbital masses, renormalization λ's, and scattering rates are estimated from an amplitude analysis.
Relation of low socioeconomic status to C-reactive protein in patients with coronary heart disease (from the heart and soul study).

Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with poor health outcomes in patients who have coronary heart disease (CHD). Inflammation is a potential mechanism by which low SES may lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but it is not known whether low SES is associated with inflammation in patients who have CHD. We measured high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a cross-sectional study of 985 adults who had CHD. Income and education were determined by self-report. We used ordinal logistic regression to examine the association of income and education with CRP. Of the 985 participants, 390 had high CRP levels (>3 mg/dl). The proportion of participants who had high CRP levels ranged from 30% (103 of 340) in those who had a college degree to 51% (65 of 127) in those who had less than a high school degree (p
Short-term memory in normal children and mental retardates

Two studies are reported, using normal children and mental retardates, exploring a method (card guessing game) for studying short-term memory. Some methodological problems were investigated and procedural differences between previous studies were pointed out.
Influence of manipulated category knowledge on prototype classification and recognition

The recognition and classification of category members was explored, following a variable number of learning trials. In Experiment 1, subjects received 1 or 9 learning trials, followed by a recognition-then-classification test containing old, new, prototype, and foil patterns. In Experiment 2, subjects received 1, 6, or 12 trials, and made either classification or recognition judgments. In each experiment, classification accuracy for all item types was at near-chance performance after a single trial but steadily increased with increased learning trials. On the transfer test, oldness judgments were highest for the category prototype after a single trial. However, with increased learning trials, oldness judgments increased for old instances and decreased for the category prototype and new instances. We suggest that false recognition of the category prototype, especially after a single learning trial, need not reflect an abstraction process. We discuss the possibility that an abstracted prototype may emerge with additional learning as an unfamiliar, ideal point.
New Residents and the Demand for Public Services in Growing Communities: Local Officials' Perceptions and Responses:

The common wisdom in many growing communities is that newcomers demand more services than do long-term residents. Dissimilar attitudes toward local services can have important effects on local government activities and services. This study investigates whether municipal officials in growing areas perceive such a difference in the demand for services; it then examines the relationship between these perceptions and actual service delivery changes in the officials' communities to see whether such perceptions really matter. The study confirms not only that many officials believe this stereotype but also that such officials were much more likely to have increased services in the past 5 years. This suggests that the stereotype, far from being innocuous, may have implications for local taxes and service provision.
An American Medical Student's Experience in Global Neurosurgery: Both in Their Infancy

There are only three fully trained neurosurgeons to care for Tanzania's population of more than 41 million people. Madaktari was founded in 2006 to serve as a physician training partnership to establish more self-sufficient health care through education and training. Medical students play a valuable role in Madaktari as they are primarily responsible for collecting postneurosurgical outcome data on operations performed by Tanzanian physicians trained by our organization. In addition, medical students represent the future of global medicine. Thus, it is important to determine the extent that Madaktari has affected student interest in global health. Our purpose in this article is to explore one student's experience working in global neurosurgery while working with Madaktari. In addition we attempted to determine the effect Madaktari may play on the future medical careers of eight medical student volunteers. To determine that effect we conducted a six-question online survey of medical student volunteers. We received responses from four of our eight medical student volunteers, all of whom stated they had a good or excellent experience volunteering with Madaktari and that their experience further increased their desire to incorporate global health into their careers. After working with Madaktari nearly half of the medical student volunteers have pursued or will be pursuing year-long funded global health research during their medical school careers. Madaktari is not only pioneering a path toward increased and more independent neurosurgical capabilities in Tanzania, but it is also helping foster increased interest and participation among U.S. medical students in global neurosurgery.
Dispersion of third-harmonic generation in all-trans beta-carotene

ABSTRACT The third order nonlinear optical susceptiblity, X(3)(-3o; e., u., w) of all-trans f- carotene has been measured over three nearly contiguous spectral regions with 6,146 cm o  10,427 cm'. Maker fringes generated by the third-harmonic signal, either from a thin film or from a thin solution, are analyzed. A strong three -photon resonance is found for the well- known 1 1B <- 1 1Ag band in the blueireen. X(3) is vibronically interpreted within a simple 'essential' states model to produce parameters that successfully account for the very large magnitude of x3- l.6x101° esu -andits dispersion. A two-photon resonance is found, also in the same blue-green spectral region, with a peak located at 21 ,300 cm1 and identified withthe one fl1Ag that is 'essential' to the optical nonlinearity. A 'giant' transition dipole of 31 D is found between this state and the essential' 11B state that is nearly degenerate with it. The two-photon cross-section for the 21Ag <
Uncertainty preserving patch-based online modeling for 3D model acquisition and integration from passive motion imagery

In both military and civilian applications, abundant data from diverse sources captured on airborne platforms are often available for a region attracting interest. Since the data often includes motion imagery streams collected from multiple platforms flying at different altitudes, with sensors of different field of views (FOVs), resolutions, frame rates and spectral bands, it is imperative that a cohesive site model encompassing all the information can be quickly built and presented to the analysts. In this paper, we propose to develop an Uncertainty Preserving Patch-based Online Modeling System (UPPOMS) leading towards the automatic creation and updating of a cohesive, geo-registered, uncertaintypreserving, efficient 3D site terrain model from passive imagery with varying field-of-views and phenomenologies. The proposed UPPOMS has the following technical thrusts that differentiate our approach from others: (1) An uncertaintypreserved, patch-based 3D model is generated, which enables the integration of images captured with a mixture of NFOV and WFOV and/or visible and infrared motion imagery sensors. (2) Patch-based stereo matching and multi-view 3D integration are utilized, which are suitable for scenes with many low texture regions, particularly in mid-wave infrared images. (3) In contrast to the conventional volumetric algorithms, whose computational and storage costs grow exponentially with the amount of input data and the scale of the scene, the proposed UPPOMS system employs an online algorithmic pipeline, and scales well to large amount of input data. Experimental results and discussions of future work will be provided.
Stimulant effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in the nucleus accumbens of rat.

Abstract This study examined the behavioral effects in rats of intracerebral administration of S(+)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (S-MDMA) using an automated holeboard and open-field apparatus. Administration of S-MDMA into the nucleus accumbens septi produced locomotor hyperactivity. Although the stimulant effects of S-MDMA administered systemically are antagonized by fluoxetine pretreatment, the activating effects of S-MDMA administered into the nucleus accumbens were not antagonized by fluoxetine. A similar increase in locomotor activity was observed after S-amphetamine administration into the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, the selective 5-HT-releasing drug and S-MDMA congener N-methyl-1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-butanamine (MBDB) produces MDMA-like locomotor hyperactivity when administered systemically but did not alter locomotor activity when injected into the nucleus accumbens. These data indicate that S-MDMA actions in the nucleus accumbens are pharmacologically distinct from the primary effects of systematically administered S-MDMA. Behavioral effects of S-MDMA in the nucleus accumbens may result from the catecholamine-releasing properties that S-MDMA shares with S-amphetamine and not via the 5HT-releasing properties that it shares with MBDB.
Genital prolapse and lower urinary tract dysfunction

As the mean age of our population increases the practising physician is more frequently faced with the problems of pelvic relaxation and lower urinary tract dysfunction in women. The purpose of this review is to explore the relationships between these two entities. A description of three prominent etiologic factors for both disorders is included, as is the effect of genital prolapse on a woman's ability to initiate and maintain micturition. Finally the association between prolapse and urinary incontinence is reviewed. The intention of this review is to generate interest in further research in these and other aspects of genital prolapse and lower urinary tract dysfunction, so answers can be found to these timely questions.
Vapor pressure and vapor fractionation of silicate melts of tektite composition

Abstract The total vapor pressure of Philippine tektite melts of approximately 70 per cent silica has been determined at temperatures ranging from 1500 to 2100°C. This pressure is 190 ± 40 mm Hg at 1500°C, 450 ± 50 mm at 1800°C and 850 ± 70 mm at 2100° C. Determinations were made by visually observing the temperature at which bubbles began to form at a constant low ambient pressure. By varying the ambient pressure, a boiling point curve was constructed. This curve differs from the equilibrium vapor pressure curve due to surface tension effects. This difference was evaluated by determining the equilibrium bubble size in the melt and calculating the pressure due to surface tension, assuming the latter to be 380 dyn/cm. The relative volatility from tektite melts of the oxides of Na, K, Fe, Al and Si has been determined as a function of temperature, total pressure arid roughly, of oxygen fugacity. The volatility of SiO2 is decreased and that of Na2O and K2O is increased in an oxygen-poor environment. Preliminary results indicate that volatilization at 2100°C under atmospheric pressure caused little or no change in the percentage Na2O and K2O. The ratio Fe 3 Fe 2 of the tektite is increased in ambient air at a pressure of 9 × 10−4 mm Hg (= 106.5 atm O2, partial pressure) at 2000°C. This suggests that tektites were formed either at lower oxygen pressures or that they are a product of incomplete oxidation of parent material with a still lower ferricferrous ratio.