cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GEOLOGIC AND ENGINEERING CONTROLS ON THE PRODUCTION OF PERMAFROST-ASSOCIATED GAS HYDRATE ACCUMULATIONS

In 1995, the U.S. Geological Survey made the first systematic assessment of the in-place natural gas hydrate resources of the United States. That study suggested that the amount of gas in the gas hydrate accumulations of northern Alaska probably exceeds the volume of known conventional gas resources on the North Slope. Researchers have long speculated that gas hydrates could eventually be a commercial resource yet technical and economic hurdles have historically made gas hydrate development a distant goal rather than a near-term possibility. This view began to change over the past five years with the realization that this unconventional resource could be developed in conjunction with conventional gas fields. The most significant development was gas hydrate production testing conducted at the Mallik site in Canada’s Mackenzie Delta in 2002. The Mallik 2002 Gas Hydrate Production Research Well Program yielded the first modern, fully integrated field study and production test of a natural gas hydrate accumulation. More recently, BP Exploration (Alaska) Inc. with the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Geological Survey have successfully cored, logged, and tested a gas hydrate accumulation on the North Slope of Alaska know as the Mount Elbert Prospect. The Mallik 2002 project along with the Mount Elbert effort has for the first time allowed the rational assessment of the production response of a gas hydrate accumulation.
International Perspectives: Enhancement of Neonatal Care in Vietnam

Humanitarian efforts by a large number of groups have provided care in many developing countries around the world, including southeast Asia. Beginning around 2000, Project Vietnam, a humanitarian organization supported, in part, by California Chapter 4 of the American Academy of Pediatrics, expanded its already established presence within Vietnam to include a focus that specifically addressed efforts to improve neonatal care and reduce mortality in that country. I became a part of this effort and joined the expanding team devoted to this mission. Part of the impetus for this change by the organization was the establishment of goals by the Vietnamese Ministry of Health (MoH) and the leaders of pediatrics within the country. These goals, stimulated by the millennium goals of the World Health Organization, were aimed at improving the care of newborns and developing systems of care to accomplish sustainable results in this important area of health care. Over the past 9 years, much progress has been made and many lessons have been learned in Vietnam. The improvements have led to reductions in mortality and to the expanded availability of higher-quality modern care for increasing numbers of patients. Such advances have come about through the hard work and dedication of individuals and several organizations such as Project Vietnam as well as the partnership with key leaders within the country. Perhaps as important as these tangible improvements is the information learned from successes and failures that may serve as the foundation of an organizational structure or paradigm that can be used to guide similar efforts elsewhere in the world. The following discussion is a compilation of experiences and descriptions of some of the centrally important events in which we have been involved. The models that have grown out of this include important generalizations with utility elsewhere. Although related by a …
The Longitudinal Relation Between Academic Support and Latino Adolescents’ Academic Motivation

This study examined whether longitudinal trajectories of academic support from mothers, fathers, and teachers predicted trajectories of Latino adolescents’ (N = 323) academic motivation. Findings i...
A molecular phylogeny of the groupers of the subfamily Epinephelinae (Serranidae) with a revised classification of the Epinephelini

The phylogenetic relationships among the fishes in the perciform tribe Epinephelini (Serranidae) have long been poorly understood, in large part because of the numerous taxa that must be considered and the large, circumtropical distribution of the group. In this study, genetic data from two nuclear (Tmo-4C4 and histone H3) and two mitochondrial (16S and 12S) genes were gathered from 155 serranid and acanthomorph species as a means of developing a phylogenetic hypothesis using both maximum-likelihood and -parsimony criteria. The maximum-parsimony analysis recovered 675 most parsimonious trees of length 5703 steps (CI = 0.2523, HI = 0.7477, RI = 0.6582), and the maximum-likelihood analysis recovered 1 tree at −lnLikelihood = 28279.58341. These phylogenetic hypotheses are discussed in light of previous morphological evidence to evaluate the evolutionary history of the group and their implications for the currently recognized taxonomy. Our results question the monophyly of the Serranidae, as well as the genera Cephalopholis, Epinephelus, and Mycteroperca as currently defined. The Serranidae is monophyletic only with the exclusion of the genera Acanthistius and Niphon. We propose a revised classification of the tribe Epinephelini that reflects the hypothesized shared ancestry of the group and recognizes 11 genera: Alphestes, Cephalopholis, Dermatolepis, Epinephelus, Gonioplectrus, Hyporthodus (which is resurrected for 11 species of deep-bodied groupers), Mycteroperca (including 7 species heretofore allocated to Epinephelus), Plectropomus, Saloptia, Triso, and Variola.
Psychiatric Disorders and Fatigue

Because obstructive sleep apnea disrupts sleep and causes multiple awakenings, some patients with obstructive sleepapnea report insomnia.However, it also causes daytime sleepiness, and many patients describe excessive sleepiness. Thismodel is similar to how fatigue presents in psychiatric disorders. Some patients complain of depression, mood swings, anxiety, irritability, or panic attacks and seek therapy or medications for these symptoms.However, eachof these symptoms is strongly associated with fatigue. Other patients with these symptoms complain of fatigue and seek treatment. This article describes sleepiness and fatigue commonly seen in psychiatric disorders.
Nursing Theory and Nursing Process Orem's Theory in Practice

Orem's general theory of nursing, referred to as the self-care deficit nursing theory, is described as a theory that can be used for organizing and structuring nursing knowledge and nursing practice. The technolog ical nursing process appropriate to the theory is described. The use of the self-care deficit nursing theory is illustrated through a case study. The relationship between the case situation and the technological proc ess of nursing is explored.
Practical Solutions for Pesticide Safety: A Farm and Research Team Participatory Model

Development of the Practical Solutions for Pesticide Safety guide used participatory research strategies to identify and evaluate solutions that reduce pesticide exposures for workers and their families and to disseminate these solutions. Project principles were (1) workplace chemicals belong in the workplace, and (2) pesticide handlers and farm managers are experts, with direct knowledge of production practices. The project's participatory methods were grounded in self-determination theory. Practical solutions were identified and evaluated based on five criteria: practicality, adaptability, health and safety, novelty, and regulatory compliance. Research activities that had more personal contact provided better outcomes. The Expert Working Group, composed of farm managers and pesticide handlers, was key to the identification of solutions, as were farm site visits. Audience participation, hands-on testing, and orchard field trials were particularly effective in the evaluation of potential solutions. Small work groups in a Regional Advisory Committee provided the best direction and guidance for a "user-friendly" translational document that provided evidence-based practical solutions. The "farmer to farmer" format of the guide was endorsed by both the Expert Working Group and the Regional Advisory Committee. Managers and pesticide handlers wanted to share their solutions in order to "help others stay safe," and they appreciated attribution in the guide. The guide is now being used in educational programs across the region. The fundamental concept that farmers and farmworkers are innovators and experts in agricultural production was affirmed by this study. The success of this process demonstrates the value of participatory industrial hygiene in agriculture.
Affordable Care Act and Diabetes Mellitus

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) has the potential for great impact on U.S. health care, especially for chronic disease patients requiring long-term care and management. The act was designed to improve insurance coverage, health care access, and quality of care for all Americans, which will assist patients with diabetes mellitus in acquiring routine monitoring and diabetes-related complication screening for better health management and outcomes. There is great potential for patients with diabetes to benefit from the new policy mandating health insurance coverage and plan improvement, Medicaid expansion, minimum coverage guarantees, and free preventative care. However, policy variability among states and ACA implementation present challenges to people with diabetes in understanding and optimizing ACA impact. This paper aims to select the most influential components of the ACA as relates to people with diabetes and discuss how the ACA may improve health care for this vulnerable population.
Mtwara: Planned for an Empire, Reshaped by Tanganyikans

Alexander Gibb & Partners’ lead architect H.L. Ford designed Mtwara as a model colonial city; one that might provide a blueprint for future urban development in Africa, in general, and British Africa, in particular. Although Mtwara’s foundation was one facet of the ill-fated Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme, the town and harbor emerged from the sisal tracts as the Scheme at Nachingwea showed signs of foundering. This paper seeks to understand how African workers and villagers engaged with colonial officials to reformulate an artificially imposed urbanization process. It aims to explicate how African workers and villagers challenged the colonial state to include local needs in building an idealized city. From forced relocation of villagers at Mto Mtwara to the labor lines associated with the sisal plantations and port construction, southern Tanganyikans participated in a lively discourse about urbanization. Much to the surprise of the planners, Africans had their own ideas of what they wanted in a city. They resisted colonial efforts to displace villagers without some form of compensation and pushed the developers and township authorities to consider community welfare. Eventually, workers demanded better living quarters, and spaces for leisure activities; Mtwara was destined to become more than a labor camp.
Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring

Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement devices are becoming commercially available and have the potential to offer many health care benefits. Current technologies utilize multiple-wavelength spectrophotometry, occlusion spectroscopy, and transcutaneous reflection spectroscopy to estimate hemoglobin noninvasively. Market availability, ease of use, agreement to invasive methods of hemoglobin measurement, and ability to provide continuous or spot check measurements differ by device. Here, we review the clinical evidence on accuracy and clinical utility of four types of noninvasive hemoglobin measurement technologies.
An Historical Look at Planning for the Federal Public Lands: Adding Marine Spatial Planning Offshore

The federal government controls far more offshore public lands - the Outer Continental Shelf - than it controls terrestrial lands, but the oceans have been bereft of the kind of comprehensive planning mandated for other public lands under statutes like the Federal Lands Policy and Management Act (FLPMA) or the National Forest Management Act (NMFA). Beginning with the Oceans Act of 2000, however, the federal government has considered adopting comprehensive planning for the oceans, generally known as marine spatial planning or marine zoning. Indeed, reports such as those from the Pew Oceans Commission in 2003 and the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy in 2004 strongly recommended national and regional marine spatial planning for the United States' oceans.When the National Ocean Council proposed its Implementation Plan for the newly created U.S. Ocean Policy, it would have required comprehensive regional marine spatial planning in all U.S. ocean waters. In April 2013, however, the Council’s Final Implementation Plan reclassified marine spatial planning from a mandatory activity to a voluntary one, once again leaving the nation's offshore lands and waters without any legal mandate for comprehensive planning. This gap has important implications for offshore energy production and adaptation to climate change; it also perpetuates the regulatory fragmentation of ocean jurisdiction that prompted Congress to enact the Oceans Act fourteen years ago. This Article explores the implications of the Final Implementation Plan for the future of a comprehensive governance regime for the nation’s offshore resources, comparing the history of marine spatial planning in the United States to the histories of comprehensive planning for other federal public lands.
Do-It-Yourself World Music Curriculum: Collecting Children's Musical Culture for the Classroom.

Your integration of children’s musical culture into the general music curriculum does not need to end with the song collections on your bookshelf. Consider expanding on the materials available by reaching out to friends, students, colleagues, and elders and collecting children’s musical culture for yourself and your classroom.
Genetic Variation and Differentiation in the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis)

-We used starch-gel electrophoresis to investigate genetic variability at 23 loci in 107 individuals from seven populations of the Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis). These populations sample all three currently recognized subspecies. No genetic variation was found in six populations from Oregon and California. Average heterozygosity in owls from New Mexico was 0.022. The low level of genetic variability will make it more difficult to monitor the genetics of this threatened species; the paucity of variation is possibly due to a small overall effective population size or bottlenecks in the past. At one locus there was a major allelic frequency difference between the Pacific Coast populations (S. o. caurina and S. o. occidentalis) and the allopatric taxon (S. o. lucida) found in New Mexico; our estimate of FST is 0.55. We believe the two allopatric populations have long been isolated, and it is probable that they represent two species. The data do not help elucidate the subspecific status of S. o. caurina. Received 11 December 1989, accepted 11 May 1990. OVER the last two decades, evolutionary and systematic biologists have devoted a major effort to assessing the extent of genetic variation within, and differentiation among, populations (Lewontin 1985, 1986). This has been true of many disciplines, including ornithology (for recent reviews, see Avise and Aquadro 1982, Avise 1983, Barrowclough 1983, Corbin 1983, Barrowclough et al. 1985, Barrowclough and Johnson 1988). These results have allowed biologists to make inferences about the evolutionary history of a species and, perhaps, to generalize about evolutionary processes (e.g. Lewontin 1974). In addition, these studies provide systematists with data, independent of classical morphology and phenotypes, to assess biogeographic and taxonomic patterns (e.g. Barrowclough 1985). Conservation biologists now realize that such data permit monitoring threatened populations for evidence of genetic deterioration (Lande and Barrowclough 1987) as well as identifying evolutionary and taxonomic units for conservation (e.g. Ryder 1986a, b). The recent report on genetic variation in the endangered New Zealand Kakapo (Strigops habroptilus; Triggs et al. 1989) is an example. One North American species that is the subject of much concern among conservationists, foresters, and wildlife biologists is the Spotted Owl, Strix occidentalis (e.g. Gutierrez and Carey 1985, Dawson et al. 1987, U.S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. 1988). We report on an electrophoretic examination of genetic variation within and among populations of the Spotted Owl over much of its range. This study adds to the small, but growing, body of reports on the extent of genetic variation and differentiation in natural populations of birds; it also provides a survey of the population genetics of a species of particular environmental concern.
Vibration Isolation From Harmonic Disturbances Through Use of Internally Rotating Masses

This paper considers the use of a chain of translating carts or housings having internally rotating eccentric masses in order to accomplish vibration isolation. First a single degree-of-freedom system is harmonically excited to uncover the qualitative behavior of each rotating mass. The simple model is then expanded into a chain of housings, containing rotating eccentric masses, which are interconnected with springs. The internal rotating eccentric masses are damped along their circular pathway by means of linear viscous damping. Due to the lack of elastic or gravitational constraint on the rotating eccentric masses, they provide a nonlinear inertial coupling to their housings. Previous research has shown that such systems are capable of reducing shock or impulsive loading by converting some of the translational kinetic energy into rotational kinetic energy of the internal masses. This paper examines the potential for vibration isolation of a chain of such systems subjected to persistent, harmonic excitation. It is seen that the dynamics of these systems is very complicated, but that trends are observed which have implications for practical isolation systems. Using simulation studies, tradeoffs are examined between displacement and transmitted force for a range of physical parameter values.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
POLLUTION MOBILITY, PRODUCTIVITY DISPARITY, AND THE SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POLLUTING AND NONPOLLUTING FIRMS

This paper first develops a model to characterize the equilibrium distribution of polluting and nonpolluting firms and then turns to the larger question of whether the equilibrium distribution is socially optimal. We find that the equilibrium distribution of polluting firms differs from the social optimum when they generate a large amount of stationary pollution and have much higher or lower productivity than clean firms. In these cases, conventional pollution control approaches generally do not bring about an optimal distribution. Consideration of transport costs along with productivity and pollution changes some of the classic results of the new economic geography literature.
Visual detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 by loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye

Objective A loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) assay was developed for rapid visual detection of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157︰H7.Methods A set of specific primers specific to conserved regions of rfbE gene was designed.The reaction was performed in a single tube with the addition of hydroxynaphthol blue(HNB) dye prior to amplification.A loopamp realtime turbidimeter was used to ascertain amplification conditions.The result was determined by a color change in HNB,and the sensitivity and specificity of LAMP were evaluated.Results Results showed that the detection limit of the LAMP assay was 100 copies per tube.Test results for ETEC,EPEC,EIEC,EAEC,S.sonnei,and S.flexneri were all negative.The LAMP reaction was completed within 40 min.Conclusion The LAMP assay with HNB dye has a high level of specificity and sensitivity and requires only simple laboratory equipment.It is suitable for the rapid detection of Enterohemorrhagic E.coli O157︰H7.
STEMI patients. Do prehospital events have an effect on outcome

Background Little is known about clinically important events and advanced care treatment that patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) encounter in the prehospital setting. Objectives We sought to determine the proportion of community patients with STEMI who experienced a clinically important event or received advanced care treatment prior to arrival at a designated percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) laboratory or emergency department (ED). Methods We reviewed 487 consecutive community patients with STEMI between May 2008 and June 2009. All patients were geographically within a single, large "third-service" urban EMS system and were transported by paramedics with an advanced care scope of practice. We recorded predefined clinically important events and advanced care treatment that occurred in patients being transported directly to a PCI laboratory or ED (group 1) or interfacility transfer to a PCI laboratory (group 2). Results One or more clinically important events occurred in 92 of 342 (26.9%) group 1 patients and nine of 145 (6.2%) group 2 patients. The most common were sinus bradycardia, hypotension and cardiac arrest. Additionally, 33 of 342 (9.6%) group 1 and nine of 145 (6.2%) group 2 patients received one or more advanced care treatments. The most common were administration of morphine and administration of atropine. Eight group 1 patients and three group 2 patients received cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or defibrillation. Conclusions Clinically important events and advanced care treatment are common in community STEMI patients undergoing prehospital transport or interfacility transfer to a PCI center. Several patients required CPR or defibrillation. Further research is needed to define the clinical experience of STEMI patients during the out-of-hospital phase and the scope of practice required of EMS providers to safely manage these patients.
Longitudinal study of sodium MRI of articular cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis: initial experience with 16-month follow-up

To evaluate the potential of sodium MRI to detect changes over time of apparent sodium concentration (ASC) in articular cartilage in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The cartilage of 12 patients with knee OA were scanned twice over a period of approximately 16 months with two sodium MRI sequences at 7 T: without fluid suppression (radial 3D) and with fluid suppression by adiabatic inversion recovery (IR). Changes between baseline and follow-up of mean and standard deviation of ASC (in mM), and their rate of change (in mM/day), were measured in the patellar, femorotibial medial and lateral cartilage regions for each subject. A matched-pair Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to assess significance of the changes. Changes in mean and in standard deviation of ASC, and in their respective rate of change over time, were only statistically different when data was acquired with the fluid-suppressed sequence. A significant decrease (p = 0.001) of approximately 70 mM in mean ASC was measured between the two IR scans. Quantitative sodium MRI with fluid suppression by adiabatic IR at 7 T has the potential to detect a decrease of ASC over time in articular cartilage of patients with knee osteoarthritis. • Sodium MRI can detect apparent sodium concentration (ASC) in cartilage • Longitudinal study: sodium MRI can detect changes in ASC over time • Potential for follow-up studies of cartilage degradation in knee osteoarthritis
Depressed Multiple-Suicide­Attempters – A High-Risk Phenotype

Abstract. Background: There is compelling evidence that suicide attempts are among the strongest predictors of suicide and future suicide attempts. Aim: This study aimed to examine psychopathology in multiple-suicide attempters. Method: We compared the demographic and clinical features of three groups: depressed patients without a history of suicide attempts (non-attempters), depressed patients with a history of one to three suicide attempts (attempters), and depressed patients with a history of four or more suicide attempts (multiple attempters). Results: We found that attempters and multiple attempters had higher levels of depression, hopelessness, aggression, hostility, and impulsivity and were more likely to have borderline personality disorder and family history of major depression or alcohol use disorder compared with non-attempters, but did not differ between each other on these measures. Multiple attempters had greater suicidal ideation at study entry and were more likely to have family history of...
Preoperative Cardiac Stress Testing in the Southern California Vascular Outcomes Improvement Collaborative.

Background The objective of this study was to examine the use of preoperative cardiac stress testing (PCST) in the Southern California Vascular Outcomes Improvement Collaborative (So Cal VOICe). Methods A retrospective review was performed on data in all modules of the So Cal VOICe from September 2012 through May 2016. PCST was defined as stress echocardiogram or nuclear stress test. A new postoperative myocardial infarction (MI) was defined as troponin elevation and/or electrocardiogram/imaging changes with or without ischemic symptoms. Only elective cases in patients with asymptomatic cardiac status were included in the study. Results During the study period, 3,063 procedures meeting the inclusion criteria were performed in 7 registries: carotid endarterectomy (CEA), carotid artery stent, thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair, infrainguinal bypass (Infra), endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), suprainguinal bypass (Supra), and open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OAAA). PCST varied across registries from 17% in PVI to 62% in OAAA. PCST in CEA varied across 9 institutions from 10% to 79%. PCST in EVAR varied across 7 institutions from 14% to 83%. PCST in Infra varied across 4 institutions from 10% to 57%. Of the 12 patients across all registries who had a new MI, 6 had PCST, one of which was abnormal. Conclusions The incidence of PCST varies widely across registries and institutions in the So Cal VOICe. Despite the wide variation, the incidence of new postoperative MI is exceptionally low. Further studies should evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the PCST practices and future quality improvement efforts should focus on standardization of indications for PCST.
Three decades of variability in California's giant kelp forests from the Landsat satellites

Abstract Global, repeat satellite imagery serves as an essential tool to understand ecological patterns and processes over diverse temporal and spatial scales. Recently, the use of spaceborne imagery has become indispensable for monitoring giant kelp, a globally distributed foundation species that displays variable seasonal and interannual dynamics. In order to develop and maintain a continuous and spatially expansive time series, we describe a fully automated protocol to classify giant kelp canopy biomass across three Landsat sensors. This required correcting kelp canopy estimates to account for changes in the spectral response functions between the three sensors by simulating data using hyperspectral imagery. Combining multiple sensors also necessitated the use of an extended (15 year) time series of diver estimated kelp biomass to validate each sensor. We also describe a novel gap filling technique using known spatial scales of kelp biomass synchrony to correct for missing data due to the Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus scan line corrector failure. These developments have led to a publicly available 34-year, seasonal time series of kelp canopy biomass across ~1500 km of California coastline. We then use this time series to examine the role of temporal and spatial scale on the detection of long-term biomass trends. We found that kelp canopy biomass trends are associated with trends in low frequency marine climate oscillations, like the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation. Long-term (~20 year) increases in the state of the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation have led to a cooler, nutrient-rich environment that benefits the growth of giant kelp across a large portion of the kelp biomass time series, however recent warming events have led to weak, or nonexistent trends over the length of the time series. The cyclical nature of these low frequency marine climate oscillations complicates the detection of trends that may be associated with anthropogenic climate change. A longer and continuous time series is needed to analyze long-term canopy biomass trends outside of natural low frequency climate variability for giant kelp ecosystems along the coast of California, if we are to make accurate assessments of the impacts of climate change.
Relationship of fetal bradycardia to maternal administration of lidocaine in sheep.

The causal relationship between the use of lidocaine and fetal bradycardia and the effect of the drug on maternal and fetal hemodynamics were studied on 13 chronically instrumented pregnant sheep. Lidocaine was infused intravenously to the mother for 60 minutes during arterial lidocaine concentrations were maintained at 2 to 5 μ g per milliliter in the mother and at less than 2 μ g per milliliter in the fetus. A decrease in uterine blood flow and an increase in uterine vascular resistance and uterine activity occurred immediately following the administration of lidocaine to the ewe. These changes were followed by a transient fetal bradycardia in 12 out of 17 experiments, accompained by a decrease in fetal Pao 2 values. These phenomena were seen in the absence of such predisposing conditions as maternal hypotension and fetal acidosis. It would appear that the mechanism responsible for a transient fetal bradycardia following regional obstetric anesthesia, particularly paracervical block anesthesia, in the initially nonasphyxiated fetus may in part be related to a brief decrease in perfusion of intervillous spaces. The bradycardia can occur at low lidocaine concentrations in both the maternal and fetal blood in a range similar to that observed in clinical practice.
Relativistic nonlinear optics of a single electron

We showed earlier1 that, due to a small relativistic change of mass, a single electron can exhibit pronounced hysteretic cyclotron resonance when the frequency of driving the electromagnetic field is near the cyclotron frequency (usually in a microwave range). Consistent with this prediction, this effect has recently been observed in experiment2 with a single electron trapped for 10 months in a Penning trap. Here we show that, due to the combination of the relativistic mass effect and two other fundamental effects (the Doppler effect and the Lorentz force), still another group of nonlinear optical effects is feasible, the large excitation of (microwave) cyclotron motion of an electron by two optical waves with their respective frequencies ω1 and ω2 (ω1 > ω2) being much higher than the cyclotron frequency Ω (ω1, ω2 ≫Ω) and differing by either Ω or 2Ω.
Limitations of HLH-2004 criteria in distinguishing malignancy-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by dysregulated immune activation. Primary HLH involves hereditary deficits in cytotoxic lymphocytes while secondary HLH is triggered by extrinsic factors. The HLH-2004 criteria are widely used for clinical diagnosis, yet their specificity for HLH or their ability to differentiate primary from secondary disease is unclear, potentially leading to inappropriate treatment. We describe several cases where fulfillment of HLH-2004 criteria obscured the diagnoses of underlying malignancies and delayed curative management. These issues are remedied without waiting for genetic testing results through an alternative diagnostic approach using flow cytometry-based immunologic assays and a thorough investigation for malignancy.
Mentoring supports and mentoring across difference: insights from mentees

Mentoring relationships in higher education are recognized as a critical factor in preparing and socializing doctoral students and junior faculty for academic roles. We examined the practices of 12...
Killing More than Pain: Etiology and Remedy for an Opioid Crisis

The search for effective pain relief has been ever present across human history. The discovery of opium’s ability to relieve pain stimulated the refinement of opium and generation of synthetic analogues to create more effective, potent, and faster-acting analgesics. The social and economic value of opioids has remained high not only due to their demonstrated efficiency in mitigating pain but also their noteworthy ability to reliably produce rewarding psychological effects. Consequently, at various times during the past several hundred years, opioids have sparked wars, fueled black markets and cartel crime, and triggered numerous opioid addiction and overdose death epidemics around the world. The increased therapeutic desire to address pain together with pharmaceutical discoveries in medication design, rapid manufacture, and highly effective opioid marketing and distribution has led more recently to increased availability and accessibility to potent prescription opioids, which has sparked the deadliest overdose crisis in human history. This chapter describes the etiology and epidemiology of the opioid crisis using public health and Health Belief Model frameworks and reviews approaches that have been applied to address supply (e.g., overprescribing) and demand (e.g., medication treatments) sides of the equation. Causes of the growth and spread of the overdose epidemic are analyzed as a way to inform a successful end to the current crisis as well as to prevent future epidemics.
Influence of soil microbiota on Taxodium distichum seedling performance during extreme flooding events

Plant associations with soil microbiota can modulate tree seedling growth and survival via mutualistic or antagonistic interactions. It is uncertain, however, whether soil microbiota influence seedling growth of coastal trees when exposed to extreme flooding regimes. We evaluated the role of soil microbes in promoting baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) seedling performance under different inundation scenarios and determined the influence of flooding on the colonization of in planta beneficial microbes. Seedlings reared in sterile and non-sterile soil were exposed to three different flooding regimes historically experienced in Louisiana swamps. Seedling growth was assessed, and the colonization by beneficial symbionts such as arbuscular mycorrizhal fungi (AMF), and dark septate endophytes (DSE) was evaluated in harvested roots. Seedlings grown in sterile soil had six times higher growth than seedlings reared in non-sterile soil. As a result, we evaluated pathogen load in the roots by assessing oomycete colonization. Flooding influenced the in planta colonization of DSE and oomycetes, but did not affect the colonization of mutualist AMF fungi. DSE and oomycetes were rarer in flooded conditions, while AMF remained abundant. Seedling biomass production was not correlated with in planta fungal colonization or pathogen load. Soil microbiota can negatively influence baldcypress seedling growth, and no growth benefit was evidenced from the root colonization of mutualist fungi. Flooding can modify baldcypress-fungal interactions by diminishing colonization of DSE. Overall, baldycpress seedlings were more sensitive to the presence of microbiota than flooding, and thus restoration efforts should focus on having a better understanding of plant–microbe interactions in swamps.
The level of measurement of trust in automation

Psychometrics are increasingly used to evaluate trust in the automation of systems, many of them safety-critical. There is no consensus on what the highest level of measurement is for trust. This i...
Airway Management in an Anatomically and Physiologically Difficult Airway.

A "difficult airway" should be suspected in patients with any anatomical or physiologic abnormality that might result in the loss of the airway or significant cardiopulmonary compromise upon induction of general anesthesia. Historically, an awake intubation has often been the preferred approach for airway management in these patients. Here we describe a case in which an awake intubation was safely performed in a patient with both anatomical (i.e., laryngeal mass) and physiologic (i.e., pulmonary hypertension) abnormalities. Oxygenation, airway patency, and spontaneous breathing were well maintained with successful intubation on the first attempt. We recommend that the patient's physiologic state should always be considered in airway management planning.
Long-Term Institutional Trades and the Cross-Section of Returns

I investigate the relation between long-term institutional trades and future returns, and find that the cumulative number of shares purchased in net by financial institutions over the prior ten quarters is negatively related to future returns. A long-short portfolio constructed on this measure earns an annualized average Carhart alpha of 9.9%. Overall, I find that long-term institutional trades contain information about future returns that is not already captured by existing short-term institutional trades measures.
The effect of Mitoquinol (MitoQ) on heat stressed skeletal muscle from pigs, and a potential confounding effect of biological sex

Abstract Heat stress (HS) poses a major threat to human health and agricultural production. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction appear to play key roles in muscle injury caused by HS. We hypothesized that mitoquinol (MitoQ), would alleviate oxidative stress and cellular dysfunction in skeletal muscle during HS. To address this, crossbred barrows (male pigs) were treated with placebo or MitoQ (40 mg/d) and were then exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20 °C) or HS (35 °C) conditions for 24 h. Pigs were euthanized following the environmental challenge and the red portion of the semitendinosus (STR) was collected for analysis. Unexpectedly, malondialdehyde concentration, an oxidative stress marker, was similar between environmental and supplement treatments. Heat stress decreased LC3A/B–I (p
Configurational Integral and Statistical Mechanical Derivation of the Virial Equation of State

The material presented in this lecture is adapted from Chapter 12 of McQuarrie. First, we will use classical statistical mechanics to derive expressions for the Hamiltonian, the partition function, and the configurational integral of a non-ideal gas, including examining the low number density limit where the interaction potential is zero, the configuration integral is equal to VN, and the gas behaves ideally. Second, we will use classical statistical mechanics to model gases at higher number densities where the interaction potential is no longer zero and the configurational integral is no longer equal to VN. Third, we will use the grand canonical ensemble to derive the virial expansion of the pressure in powers of the number density, truncated at cubic order. Finally, we will calculate the second and third virial coefficients in terms of the intermolecular potential.
NEW TECHNIQUE-ELECTROMAGNETIC CENTRIFUGAL CASTING PROCESS

A new technique of centrifugal casting was firstly provided withelectromagnetic field. Taking a heat resisting alloy steel 25Cr20Ni and an Al-Cu alloy as ex-amples,products, though their length,diameter and wall thickness are varied, revealed so supe-rior macrostructures that the mechanical properties are much improved in comparison withconventional centrifugal casting.
Abstract P172: Endothelial Function In The Early Years After Delivery: Effect Of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes And Activity Behaviors

Introduction: Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) are independently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Endothelial dysfunction may indicate early CVD and can be influenced by physical acti...
Income Tax Planning for Visual Artists, their Dealers, Investors and Collectors

The visual artist, the art dealer, the art investor, and the art collector revolve around the same property. Be it painting, drawing, prints, sculpture, photographs, fabric or glass art, each raises tax problems for which advanced planning can be useful. Sometimes the tax problems of all four categories of people are the same, as in the necessity to prove a profit motive in order to deduct expenses; in other cases, such as on the sale or donation of an artwork, the results seem irrevocably different. This article will explore those similarities and differences, suggest steps advisors can take to maximize tax benefits, and occasionally question whether the similarities or the differences between taxpayers in those different categories, or the rules applied by IRS, make sense.
Salvaging Data Records with Missing Data: Data Imputation using the Multivariate t Distribution

When doing multivariate data analysis, one common obstacle is the presence of incomplete observations, i.e., observations for which one or more key fields are missing data. Missing data is often countered by deleting entire observations that contain missing data. The negative effects of deleting entire observations are multiple: deleting observations reduces sample size and can also result in biased inferences even if data is missing at random. In addition, knowledge contained within incomplete observations is knowledge lost when they are deleted- and the effort spent collecting that knowledge is effort wasted. Data imputation methods, or methods of statistically “filling-in” missing data, can help combat small sample sizes by using the existing information in partially complete observations with the end goal of producing less biased and higher confidence inferences. When a sample from a multivariate normal population is only partially complete, and the missing data meets appropriate assumptions (missing at random), robust data imputation of the missing data can be implemented with monotone data augmentation (MDA) using the multivariate t distribution. Missing data imputation is applied to data from the NASA Instrument Cost Model (NICM) using the MDA algorithm under the assumption of having a multivariate t distribution with fixed degrees of freedom. A sensitivity analysis to the degrees of freedom parameter is presented to demonstrate robustness of the multivariate t distribution when dealing with small samples as compared to the multivariate normal distribution.
Immune System Related Markers: Changes in childhood Neuropsychiatry Disorders Cause and Consequence

There has been great interest in the role of inflammation in psychiatric disorders of children and adolescents. This chapter begins by describing the normal development of the immune system from fetal life and earlier through infancy, childhood, and beyond. The role of genetics, environmental stressors, and trauma will be described and the sequelae that may follow. A focus will be the transition from normal to altered immunity and how that may later be expressed in the child. Links between inflammation and mood disorders are well documented, as are those associated with psychotic disorders. The latter group has been of interest for decades with the description of schizophrenia associated with infection. This chapter will trace earlier findings as they have evolved in the more recent past with technologically advanced evidence. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), increasingly more important for mental health professionals to understand, has diverse links to the immune system. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is another exciting area with multiple associations to inflammation and obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders have multiple alterations of interleukins. New evidence points to immune changes in children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder, as well as those with disruptive behavior. Critical to the complete understanding of suicide are the new reports of the neuroimmune system of suicidal patients. The chapter concludes with prominent bio-markers that have been identified in recent literature having connections with child and adolescent psychopathology. Current evidence points researchers toward an exciting new frontier that may offer new and more effective treatments in the future.
Verifying Arbitrary Temporal Logic Properties

Additional axioms and rules are needed for us to go beyond safety properties and be able to reason about properties specified by arbitrary Temporal Logic formulas. These axioms and inference rules of S-Temporal Logic are given in this chapter. We also discuss fairness assumptions for cobegin implementations, because satisfying a liveness property often requires making assumptions that specific processes will have opportunities to execute. Finally, we describe helpful actions and other techniques for proving eventualities.
Phase-matched generation of broadband terahertz radiation in a waveguide

We demonstrate a novel waveguide geometry that allows for the phase-matched generation of broadband THz radiation. Both the optical pump beam and generated THz radiation propagate in the fundamental mode of the waveguide.
Competitive Ancillary Service Procurement in California

California has undertaken a major restructuring of its electricity utility sector. Most electricity is now sold in open markets operated by the PX and other entities. Bilateral contracting among some market participants is also permitted. A group of independent generating companies bids into these markets together with out of state resources. In addition to these markets, CAISO operates markets for both imbalance energy and AS, a quite unusual feature of the California system. These markets were initially quite chaotic and were rife with market power problems. However, various reforms have now created a system that functions well. During the restructuring process, special provisions were made to protect public purpose programs, including renewable generation.
Pneumocystis carinii and Parasitic Infections in the Immunocompromised Host

International travel and shifting patterns of immigration have increased the importance of awareness of the major clinical syndromes associated with infections due to parasites. In the immunocompromised individual, life-threatening infection may emerge decades after a forgotten exposure in an endemic area. Most clinicians have some familiarity with the major clinical syndromes associated with malaria, Chagas’ disease, giardiasis, amebiasis, or the helminthic diseases. The spectrum of immune deficits is almost as broad as the tens of thousands of species of parasites to which humans are exposed. However, prior to the recognition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), important parasites in the immunocompromised host were largely limited to infections with Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocystis carinii, Strongyloides stercoralis, and occasionally babesiosis or malaria related to transfusions in splenectomized patients. Many new human parasites, both pathogens and nonpathogens of the normal host, must now be added to this list [see Table 1 (Section 1.2)]. The presence, progression, and manifestations of some parasitic diseases are altered by immune compromise. These organisms provide the focus of this discussion.