cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retinoic acid receptor-independent mechanism of apoptosis of melanoma cells by the retinoid CD437 (AHPN)

Retinoic acid (RA) induces differentiation of S91 melanoma cells through activation of RA receptor (RAR)γ without affecting cell viability. The novel RARγ-agonist CD437 (AHPN), however, also induces concomitant apoptosis through an unknown mechanism which was investigated here. By utilizing DNA microarray analysis, five apoptosis-associated, CD437-induced transcripts (CITs) were identified. Interestingly, all CITs are also regulated by p53 in a DNA damage response, and consistent with this interpretation, CD437 was found to cause DNA adduct-formation. However, p53 is not required for CD437-dependent regulation of CITs. Among this set of genes, induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 is likely to be responsible for early S-phase growth-arrest of CD437-treated cells, whereas ei24 is a critical mediator of CD437-induced apoptosis in S91 cells. These data suggest an RAR-independent mechanism in which CD437 causes DNA adduct-formation, resulting in induction of a p53-independent DNA damage response, and subsequent growth-arrest and apoptosis. CD437-mediated DNA adduct-formation may also explain its apoptotic effects in other cell types.
Detoxification of endotoxin by splenic extracts.

SummaryA fraction which rapidly detoxifies bacterial endotoxin has been prepared from normal dog spleen. The detoxifying system is thermolabile, precipitable with ammonium sulfate, completely inactivated by trypsin and by tetraethyl pyrophosphate. These findings suggest that the active component is a protein with the properties of an esterase type of enzyme.
Hemoglobin and glycemia levels of the adult white mouse, effect of starvation and central depressants.

SummaryHemoglobin in 86 and blood sugar levels in 61 nonstarved albino mice of the Swiss strain were determined. The average hemoglobin for the mice is 13.9 g per 100 ml of blood. Blood sugar averaged 173.8 mg per 100 ml of blood in nonfasted mice falling to 108.9 mg in 24 hours. A slight rise occurred between 18 and 24 hours. The effects of 5 central depressants were investigated, the only one of which causing a drop in blood sugar being nembutal.
Editorial: Neural Mechanisms Underlying Movement-Based Embodied Contemplative Practices

Compared to the extensive body of neuroscientific work on seated meditation practices, far fewer studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying movement-based contemplative practices such as yoga or tai chi. One likely reason is the inherent challenge of dealing with their multifaceted nature, typically involving specific movement sequences, regulation of the breath, and modulation of attention. Movement-based practices have, however, been found to be effective for relieving the symptoms of clinical conditions as diverse as cancer, Parkinson's disease (PD), chronic pain, fibromyalgia, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety-related disorders. In addition, they have been shown to elicit measurable changes in physiological stress parameters, cognitive, and physical functioning as well experienced emotional states in healthy individuals. An important challenge for contemplative science is therefore to advance our understanding of the neurophysiological and neurocognitive mechanisms underlying these observed effects. The current Research Topic aims to make a contribution in this regard by outlining the state of the art of research on movement-based practices including yoga, tai chi, the Feldenkrais Method, as well as dance. The featured articles present empirical data, propose novel theoretical frameworks, and address the clinical implications of research within the field.
322 ADENOSINE REGULATION OF INSULIN SENSITIVITY IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE: POTENTIAL INVOLVEMENT OF THE AKT SIGNALING PATHWAY

It is known that adenosine (Ad) plays a role in the maintenance of insulin sensitivity for regulation of metabolism in adipose tissue. The documented impaired insulin sensitivity for stimulation of glucose transport in adipocytes from subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) can be normalized by addition of an adenosine analog (N6-phenylisopropyladenosine, PIA). The involvement of adenosine in skeletal muscle metabolism and insulin action is less clear. To investigate this question, skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained from obese healthy individuals and weight matched individuals with PCOS. Myocyte precursors were isolated and cultured to obtain fully differentiated myotubules (MT). MT were acutely exposed to a range (0-33 nM) of insulin concentrations and glucose uptake (GU) measured. Unlike the situation in adipocytes, removal of endogenous Ad did not influence insulin sensitivity in MT from either normal or PCOS subjects. However, PIA addition increased insulin action seen at a submaximal hormone level (0.41 nM); 61 ± 6% of maximal insulin effect + PIA vs. 27 ± 7% in control cells (p≤0.0005). The effect was similar in normal and PCOS MT. Basal and maximally insulin-stimulated GU activities were not influenced by PIA addition. Signaling pathways involved in GU stimulation were investigated by monitoring changes in the phosphorylation of Akt, PKCξ/λ and AMPK. AMPK phosphorylation was not influenced by either insulin or PIA. Insulin stimulated PKCξ/λ phosphorylation, independent of PIA. Insulin stimulation of Akt phosphorylation at submaximal insulin levels was increased with PIA. Maximally stimulated Akt phosphorylation was reduced in control PCOS MT compared to normal cells and doubled, but not normalized, with PIA treatment. Summary and conclusions: 1) Ad is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, 2) in the resting state this Ad must be provided by cells other that MT, possibly adipocytes, 3) the Akt pathway may be involved in both Ad regulation of insulin sensitivity and the insulin resistance that commonly occurs in PCOS.
The Psychology of Nuclear Proliferation: “We have a big bomb now”: India's nuclear U-turn

Introduction In May 1998, a newly installed Indian government led by the Hindu nationalist Atal Behari Vajpayee set off five nuclear explosions in the Rajasthan desert and declared to the world that India was now a nuclear weapons state. Why did India suddenly go for nuclear weapons after years of remaining on the other side of the threshold? This chapter finds the key reason in Vajpayee's oppositional nationalism toward Pakistan – a dramatic departure from his secularist predecessors' sportsmanlike nationalist focus on India's place in the world beyond South Asia. Surprisingly, the by now voluminous literature on the Indian tests has tended to downplay the causal importance of the distinctive NIC of Vajpayee and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in favor of a counterfactual view that sooner or later the tests would have come anyway. To avoid “ahistoricism,” we are asked to delve into the supposedly deeper causes of India's grasping for the bomb: the existence of a China with nuclear weapons in the region since 1964; the long-held desire of secular as well as Hindu nationalists for recognition as a world power; and the many years of bomb promotion undertaken by India's scientific-bureaucratic “strategic enclave.” But, in fact, what is ahistorical is to view the 1998 tests as the endpoint of a logically unfolding teleology. This is not to deny that India was at the cusp of a nuclear weapons arsenal before 1998.
Own‐Choice Marriage and Fertility in Turkey

Goode's foundational work on the fertility transition identified own-choice marriage as a factor driving fertility decline, part of a widening repertoire of choice pertaining to marriage and childbearing. Yet research supporting this connection in today's transitional societies is scarce and somewhat contradictory, and it is unclear how other marital traditions, such as consanguineous marriage, shape this relationship. This study evaluates Goode's theorized connection using pooled Demographic and Health Survey data from Turkey, comparing children ever born, use of contraception, and parity progression across four types of marriage: own-choice and arranged marriage; and marriage to a cousin versus an unrelated spouse. Results are largely consistent with the idea that a move towards own-choice marriage reflects a widening repertoire of choice that also leads to fertility decline. However, they also show that hybrid models like own-choice marriage to a cousin tempers these effects.
Preoperative Factors That Predict the Need to Morcellate in Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Abstract Study Objective To determine which preoperative factors best predict the need for uterine morcellation at the time of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and to identify cut-offs that can help guide clinical decision-making. Design Retrospective cohort (Canadian Task Force classification II). Setting Tertiary care center. Patients Women (n = 420) who underwent TLH between July 2012 and June 2015: 223 cases without and 197 cases with morcellation. Interventions Laparoscopic hysterectomies with either laparoscopic power, vaginal, or open morcellation via mini-laparotomy were analyzed. Measurements and Main Results Preoperative factors assessed included uterine volume, cross-sectional area, length, size of largest leiomyoma, and bimanual exam. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were used to establish cut-offs that maximized sensitivity and specificity for each factor. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses were used to calculate relative risks associated with these objective cut-offs. ROC curves demonstrated maximized sensitivities and specificities with a cross-sectional area of 48.6 cm2, largest leiomyoma dimension of 4.4 cm, bimanual exam of 11.5 weeks, and uterine volume of 262 mL. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictors of morcellation were cross-sectional area (adjusted relative risk, 2.94; 95% confidence interval, 1.20–7.19), largest leiomyoma diameter (adjusted relative risk, 2.06; 95% confidence interval, 1.24–3.41), and bimanual exam (adjusted relative risk, 1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.37). Conclusion Uterine cross-sectional area, largest leiomyoma dimension, and uterine size on bimanual exam can all be used to predict the need to morcellate at the time of TLH.
Evaluation of Real-World Experience with Tofacitinib Compared with Adalimumab, Etanercept, and Abatacept in RA Patients with 1 Previous Biologic DMARD: Data from a U.S. Administrative Claims Database.

This article has been corrected. Please see: Corrections in J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 23(4):493 BACKGROUND: Real-world data comparing tofacitinib with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) are limited. OBJECTIVE: To compare characteristics, treatment patterns, and costs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving tofacitinib versus the most common bDMARDs (adalimumab [ADA], etanercept [ETN], and abatacept [ABA]) following a single bDMARD in a U.S. administrative claims database. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged ≥ 18 years with an RA diagnosis (ICD-9-CM codes 714.0x-714.4x; 714.81) and 1 previous bDMARD filling ≥ 1 tofacitinib or bDMARD claim in the Truven MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental claims databases (November 1, 2012-October 31, 2014). Monotherapy was defined as absence of conventional synthetic DMARDs within 90 days post-index. Persistence was evaluated using a 60-day gap. Adherence was assessed using proportion of day...
Two-Fluid Flows

Numerical simulation of multi-fluid flows presents a challenge, because the fluid properties are discontinuous across the fluid interface. To overcome this difficulty, fluids of different properties are identified through the use of a continuous field variable — the color function. The color function assigns a unique constant to each fluid. Interfaces between different fluids are distinct due to sharp gradients of the color function. The evolution of the interfaces is governed by the convective equation of the color function, while the fluid motion is governed by the incompressible Navier—Stokes equations. Therefore, conventional approaches are composed of two distinct methodologies, namely, a flow equation solver which is usually based on staggered grids, operator-splitting or projection methods; and a pure convection equation solver to identify the material by Lagrangian or upwind methods. Since these two totally different numerical techniques must be incorporated together, simulating two-fluid flows is regarded as a very complex problem.
A Patient with Interstitial 5q21 Deletion, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Dysmorphic Features, and Profound Neurologic Dysfunction

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary autosomal dominant cancer syndrome, results from germ line mutation or deletion of the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene on chromosome 5q21. Patients with FAP suffer from multiple polyps mainly at the colorectal region as well as other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, which has propensity to transform into carcinoma. FAP has also been well described in association with various syndromic extra-gastrointestinal manifestations. Less commonly, patients with FAP present with varying degrees of cognitive dysfunction and developmental delay, though the reason for the association is unclear. Herein, we report the case of a male patient born with an interstitial deletion of chromosome 5q, 46,XY, del(5) (q14q23), presenting with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), profound developmental delay, cognitive dysfunction, and multiple congenital anomalies including talipes equinovarus, agenesis of the corpus callosum, and dysmorphic facial features.
Transorbital endoscopic identification of supernumerary ethmoid arteries.

BackgroundAnterior and posterior ethmoid arteries supply the paranasal sinuses, septum, and lateral nasal wall. Precise identification of these arteries is important during anterior skull base proc...
Racial Differences in Response to Trauma: Comparing African-American, White, and Hispanic People With Severe Mental Illness

ABSTRACTObjective: To test hypotheses that Hispanics will report greater posttraumatic stress symptoms than Whites or African-Americans with severe mental illness (N = 132) when lifetime trauma, psychiatric symptoms, and negative appraisal of trauma are controlled; and, that negative appraisal will mediate trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms for Hispanics. Methods: Data were collected by staff in an urban community mental health center. Results: Hispanics reported greater posttraumatic stress symptoms, and negative appraisals mediated trauma and posttraumatic stress symptoms in Hispanics only. Conclusions: Practitioners should target both the intensity and meaning of trauma and its consequences as they may vary by ethnic/racial background.
A few more fragments: putting sperm DNA integrity testing into clinical practice.

While routine semen analysis has been the cornerstone of the male fertility evaluation, we know that it is far from a perfect predictor of fertility, and there will be some couples who struggle to obtain a live birth despite the male having a normal semen analysis. Indeed, the World Health Organization semen analysis normal reference ranges were based on samples from fertile men (1). The LIFE study, a prospective observational cohort study of 501 couples, which looked at the relationship between routine semen parameters and time to pregnancy, found that on multivariate analysis, none of the routine semen parameters (volume, concentration, motility or morphology) were associated with time to pregnancy. Only male age and female body mass index (BMI) were associated with the time to pregnancy (2). From both this data and others, we know that the standard semen analysis is not a perfect predictor for male infertility (3). These limitations have led to the investigation of sperm DNA fragmentation as an adjunctive test to guide the management of the sub-fertile couple.
Improving Results of Surgery for Ebstein Anomaly: Where Are We After 235 Cone Repairs?

Background Ebstein anomaly has heterogeneous anatomy and numerous operative techniques are described. Cone repair provides a near anatomic tricuspid valve repair. The purpose of this study was to examine our experience with cone repair. Methods Cone repair was performed in 235 consecutive patients with Ebstein anomaly, 134 children (57%) and 101 adults (43%), from June 2007 to October 2015. Median age was 15.6 years (range, 6 months to 73 years). Cone repair was the first operation in 192 patients (82%), the second in 41 (17%), and the third in 2 (1%). Previous tricuspid valve repair had been performed in 27 (12%). Echocardiograms were obtained preoperatively and at hospital dismissal for all patients and for a subgroup of patients at least 6 months after cone repair (n = 81). Results Leaflet augmentation was done in 67 patients (28%), Sebening stitch in 57 (24.2%), neochordae in 49 (21%), and annuloplasty band in 158 (67%). Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt was performed in 46 patients (20%). There was 1 early death (0.4%). Early reoperation was required in 14 patients (5.9%); re-repair was possible in 7 (50%). The majority of early reoperations (11 of 14; 79%) occurred in the first third of the series. Mean follow-up was 3.5 ± 2.5 years. There was sustained reduction in tricuspid regurgitation ( p p p Conclusions Cone repair is safe, and the learning curve is significant. Sustained reduction in tricuspid regurgitation and favorable changes in the right ventricle at follow-up suggest that cone repair has an advantageous impact on right ventricular remodeling.
Enhanced ablation with a femtosecond-nanosecond dual-pulse

Single-shot ablation of GaAs samples by a collinear femtosecond-nanosecond (fs-ns) dual-pulse is investigated. Significantly enhanced material removal is achieved by optimally combining a single 8 ns pulse at 1064 nm and a single 50 fs pulse at 800 nm in time. The resulting ablation craters are examined for inter-pulse delays ranging from -50 ns (ns first) to +1 μs (fs first) as well as very long delays of ±30 s. Crater profilometry is conducted with white light interferometry and optical microscopy to determine the volume of ablated material and identify surface features that reveal information about the physical mechanism of material removal during fs-ns dual-pulse ablation.
Levocarnitine for valproate-induced hyperammonemia in the psychiatric setting: A case series and literature review.

Abstract Introduction: Hyperammonemia is a potential adverse effect of valproic acid (VPA) therapy, which is often asymptomatic but can lead to severe, life-threatening encephalopathy. Carnitine deficiency due to VPA is the proposed mechanism for hyperammonemia and the development of VPA-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VHE). Levocarnitine, the active form of carnitine, has been suggested for treatment and prevention of VHE. Methods: Data was collected by chart review of 3 patients who received oral levocarnitine supplementation in the psychiatric setting for VPA-induced hyperammonemia. Review of the literature was performed through June 2017 using the following PubMed search terms: valproate, valproic acid, hyperammonemia, altered mental status, encephalopathy, and levocarnitine. Articles were included if they described use of levocarnitine in VPA-treated patients with psychiatric disorders. Results: One patient developed encephalopathy with resolution of symptoms after VPA discontinuation. Valproi...
The Open Artery Hypothesis: Past, Present, and Future.

The survival benefit following a reperfusion strategy, be it pharmacologic or mechanical, appears to be due to both full and early reperfusion. While the TIMI Flow Grade classification scheme has been a useful tool to assess coronary blood flow in acute syndromes, it has several limitations. A newer method of assessing coronary blood flow called the Corrected TIMI Frame Count method has the following advantages: (1) it is a continuous quantitative variable rather than a categorical qualitative variable; (2) the flow in the non-culprit artery is not assumed to be normal as it is in the assessment of TIMI Grade 3 Flow; (3) there is simplified reporting of reperfusion efficacy through the use of a single number instead of expressing the data in 2 to 4 categories; (4) because a single number rather than 4 categories is used to report the data, there is more efficient use of the dataset by increasing the statistical power; and finally (5) coronary flow can be expressed in intuitive terms (e.g. time or cm/sec for strategy A versus time or cm/sec for strategy B). This paper reviews the history of the open artery hypothesis and recent advances in the field.
Abstract 3030: Meta-analysis of Cost Effectiveness of Different Stroke Unit Subtypes

Aim: To perform a systematic review and metanalysis, comparing outcome and cost of stroke care in a stroke unit (SU) versus conventional care (CC). Secondary aim was to compare cost effectiveness o...
Making Sense of Injustice

A psychologist interested in casual attributions asks, “What do people think are the causes of injustice?” not “What are the real causes of injustice?” A practical realist may reply, “What does it matter what people think, if it bears no relation to reality?” The thesis of this chapter is that what people think about the causes of injustice affects how they feel about any particular injustice and informs their actions. In this chapter we examine how social scientists can help to legitimate alternative views of injustice and social change strategies. We argue that by generating alternative views, social scientists exercise a significant social responsibility (Buss, 1979; Fine, 1983, 1983-84; Wexler, 1982). Taking our lead from the work of Philip Brickman and colleagues (1982), we see this as a two-phase process: helping people to locate the sources of social problems in economic and social structures and conceptualizing collective strategies for change.
Super-Resolution for Achieving Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) Channel Reciprocity

Channel state information at transmitter (CSIT) allows wireless communication systems to fully utilize the degree of freedom of the channel. Time division duplex (TDD) systems can take the advantage of channel reciprocity to obtain forward link CSIT from reverse link training. We tackle the seemingly impossible task of doing the same for frequency division duplex (FDD) systems, where the conventional method is to obtain CSIT from feedback from the receiver. Channel state feedback causes delay and consumes prohibitive amount of system resource, especially when the number of transmit antennas is large, such as in massive MIMO systems. However, if the channel parameters, such as the complex path gain, path delay, and angle of arrival/departure of each individual path, are accurately estimated from pilot signals in one frequency band, the channel state in another frequency band can be calculated from these parameters. Accuracy is the key because small estimation error will be magnified by the multiplication of the frequency difference between the bands. The required accuracy is not achievable for narrow band and single antenna systems. But current and future wireless systems have and will have increasingly large bandwidth and number of antennas, making the FDD channel reciprocity possible. To achieve the FDD channel reciprocity, we propose to employ super-resolution theory. Another possible compressed sensing approach is to put the channel parameters on a multi-dimensional grid and for each point of the grid, estimate the corresponding complex gain. We adapt both approaches for our problem and show that the compressed sensing approach is not well suited for this purpose and the super-resolution approach can achieve our goal.
Expedited Analysis and Reporting of Multiple Mutations that Modify Medical Management of Myeloid Malignancies: It's About (Turnaround) Time!

This commentary highlights the article by Patel et al that reports a novel custom next-generation sequencing platform for fast detection of select genes in hematologic malignancies.
Seen, unseen, and unforeseen dangers: what a White emerging scholar learned about positionality in research with racially diverse practitioners

Framed by autoethnographic methods, I use Milner’s framework for researching around race and culture to critically analyze my work as a researcher with a group of diverse educational administrators...
Two Narratives of Memories Between Borders: The Flourishing of a Transnational Identity

The formation of an identity in the imaginary and physical space of the Borderlands for years has been defined as ‘bicultural.’ However, nowadays identity cannot be explained within a dualist connotation, but in ‘pluricultural’ meaningfulness. The continuous exchanges and interactions of spaces and ideologies that globalization and modernity entail allow the creation of new spaces and subjectivities where identity is now known as transnational which in turn permits us to analyze hegemonic texts through new perceptions of identities and social realities. This article illustrates how Francisco Jimenez and Elia Hatfield, newer Chicano/Latino authors, present the development of new multifaceted transnational practices along the Borderlands.
Promoting Justice Across Borders

Political theorists have written a great deal about the ethics of “intervention,” defined as states using coercion or force to interfere in foreign societies’ politics. But this work leaves much of...
CompactNet: High Accuracy Deep Neural Network Optimized for On-Chip Implementation

Recent research has focused on Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) implemented directly in hardware. However, larger DNNs require significant energy and area, thereby limiting their wide adoption. We propose a novel DNN quantization technique and a corresponding hardware solution, CompactNet that optimizes the use of hardware resources even further, through dynamic allocation of memory for each parameter. Experimental results for the MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, show that CompactNet reduces the memory requirement by over 80%, the energy requirement by 12-fold, and the area requirement by 7-fold, when compared to the conventional DNN. This is achieved with minimal degradation to the classification accuracy. We demonstrate that, CompactNet provides pareto-optimal designs to make trade-offs between accuracy and resource requirement. The applications of CompactNet can be extended to datasets like ImageNet, and into models like MobileNet.
Using an Adaptive, Self-Directed Web-Based Learning Module to Enhance Residents’ Medical Knowledge Prior to a New Clinical Rotation

The effect of self-directed adaptive learning on internal medicine residents’ knowledge prior to a new clinical rotation is not known. We developed an adaptive, online, self-directed spaced repetition module and determined the effect on medical knowledge acquisition. We randomized postgraduate year 1 internal medicine residents into two groups. The intervention group (n = 27) received an electronic version of the clinical rotation curriculum as portable document format (PDF) files and participated in the online module, delivered via Moodle, a free, open-source learning management system. The non-intervention group (n = 27) only received the PDF files. All residents participated in a medical knowledge test at baseline and 3 months later. Both groups were similar at study baseline in terms of age, trainee type, years since graduation, results at United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1, 2, In-Training Examination (ITE), and pre-intervention evaluation. There was a statistically significant improvement in scores on the post-intervention medical knowledge assessment for the intervention group when compared with the non-intervention group (24.2 ± 15.4% vs. 8.6 ± 9.9%, p < 0.001). An online, self-directed, adaptive spaced repetition–learning module can offer a simple and effective method to increase the medical knowledge present at the start of residents’ clinical rotations.
The insanity defense

Changing thelegal test definition of insanity remains the remedy of choice when insanity outcomes appear problematic, despite empirical studies showing no significant differences among tests. An alternative strategy suggests changing theverdict schema, although critics contend that jurors will reach compromise verdicts that are unconscionable and incoherent. Undergraduate subjects (N=179) rendered insanity verdicts and ratings for four insanity cases using one of four different verdict schemas: a traditional two-choice schema, a three-choice schema (DR) without instructions, a threechoice schema (GBMI) with instructions, and a sequential schema proposed by Finkel (1988) that separately assesses different types of culpability. When internal consistency measures between verdicts and broad ratings and specific construct ratings of the defendant were examined, the sequential schema produced the highest internal consistency, reducing the most error variance and yielding the highest prediction criterion of any of the schemas.
It's all about the process: Examining the convergent validity, conceptual coverage, unique predictive validity, and clinical utility of ACT process measures

Abstract The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) literature now offers a range of process measures, including: the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire (OESQ), the Comprehensive Assessment of ACT Processes (CompACT), and the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The current study sought to directly compare and contrast the information provided by those scales: (1) in a sample of 2,385 online respondents (67% female, 85% Caucasian, M = 33yo) and (2) in a case study of a client receiving ACT for a depressive disorder. Quantitative results revealed that all of the flexibility scales were strongly linked to wellbeing whereas the inflexibility scales were strongly linked to psychological distress. The results further highlighted that newer multidimensional scales (the 3-dimension CompACT, the 12-dimension MPFI) offered greater insights into current functioning, often doubling the amount of variance explained by the AAQ-II alone. Both the quantitative analyses and the clinical case study demonstrate the more nuanced and clinically meaningful patterns that emerge when multiple dimensions of flexibility and inflexibility are tracked. In particular, the results suggested the MPFI (and the online MindFlex Assessment System that makes the MPFI easy to administer and interpret) offers researchers and clinicians the most conceptually comprehensive scale to assess the dimensions of the Hexaflex model. Implications for clinical research and practice are discussed.
82 – Riccati Equation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses Riccati equation applicable to ordinary differential equations of the form y' = a(x)y2 + b(x)y + c(x). It yields a reformulation as a linear second-order ordinary differential equation, or a second solution if one solution is already known. A change of dependent variable can transform a Riccati equation to a linear second-order ordinary differential equation. Also, if one solution to a Riccati equation is known, then the other solution can be written down explicitly. The chapter describes two procedure for solving the Riccati equation y' = a(x)y2 + b(x)y + c(x). Examples are also presented. The chapter also describes a Riccati transformation.
Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on cognitive function among non-demented African American and Latino older adults in the USA: a scoping review.

African Americans and Latinos/Hispanics have a higher prevalence of dementia compared to non-Latino Whites. This scoping review aims to synthesize non-pharmaceutical interventions to delay or slow ...
Pornographic jealousy: Scale construction and theory testing

The purpose of this research was to create a pornographic jealousy scale, determine its construct validity, and compare pornographic jealousy with the jealousy caused by a human rival. Jealousy is defined as the negative emotion created by the loss or possible loss of a romantic partner to a rival. Thus, jealousy involves three participants: the person, the person’s romantic partner, and a rival. We suggested the rival may be the romantic partner’s use of pornography. We wrote 25 items which seemed to measure pornographic jealousy. College students in heterosexual relationships (n = 307; 71.9% women) responded to the items and other measures. Analysis of the scale structure resulted in a 24 item measure with three subscales: Relationship Threat, Masturbation Disgust, and Self-Esteem Threat Pornographic Jealousy. The construct validity of the Pornographic Jealousy Scale was supported by positive correlations with the Interpersonal Jealousy Scale, Problematic Pornography Scale, and Perceptions of Partner Problematic Use Scale and negative correlations with the Frequency of Pornography Use Scale and Perceptions of Partner Frequency of Use Scale. According to the social cognitive theory of jealousy, loss of a partner to a rival involves both loss of relationship rewards (e.g., sex) and self-esteem. Pornographic jealousy seems to differ from the jealousy caused by a human rival in that it appears to threaten self-esteem more than relationship rewards.
Recent progress in synthesis of carbohydrates with sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases

Sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases (GTs) are key enzymes that catalyze the formation of glycosidic bonds in nature. They have been increasingly applied in the synthesis of complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates with or without in situ generation of sugar nucleotides. Human GTs are becoming more accessible and new bacterial GTs have been identified and characterized. An increasing number of crystal structures elucidated for GTs from mammalian and bacterial sources facilitate structure-based design of mutants as improved catalysts for synthesis. Automated platforms have also been developed for chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. Recent progress in applying sugar nucleotide-dependent GTs in enzymatic and chemoenzymatic synthesis of mammalian glycans and glycoconjugates, bacterial surface glycans, and glycosylated natural products from bacteria and plants are reviewed.
The Kindling/Sensitization Model and Early Life Stress.

Introduction: Few animal models address the characteristics of the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder. However, behavioral sensitization (to recurrent stressors and psychomotor stimulants) and kindling of seizures both provide clues to mechanisms in the progressive course of bipolar disorder.
Assertions in modern software engineering practice

Assertions play many related roles in Microsoft programming practice. Their primary purpose is to instrument code with test probes that will detect errors as close as possible to their place of occurrence. They are also used for program documentation, to assist in the further development of high-volume legacy code for delivery in later releases. They are beginning to be used to guide optimising compilation, and to suppress spurious warnings from a program analysis tool. Assertion failure is used to classify multiple occurrences of the same defect, and so ensure that it is cleared only once. Finally, assertions are now increasingly shipped to customers, to reduce the risk of crashes on the customer’s machine. My early research into programming theory was motivated by the hope that assertions would be used to specify the criterion of total correctness of a program, and to prove that the program implements its specification, without risk of error. Ironically, these are two purposes for which they are almost never used.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia Causes a Loss of Type-3 and an Increase in Type-1 Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Gut.

Abstract Background Sepsis induces gut barrier dysfunction characterized by increased gut epithelial apoptosis and increased intestinal permeability. The cytokine IL-22 has been demonstrated to regulate gut barrier function. Type-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are the predominate source of IL-22 in the GI tract. We hypothesized that sepsis may cause changes to the gut ILC3/IL-22 axis. Materials and Methods Sepsis was induced in WT and IL-22 KO mice by Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Changes in gut-associated leukocyte populations were determined by flow-cytometry and ILC-associated transcripts were measured by RT-PCR. The effect of sepsis on gut permeability, pulmonary microbial burden, gut epithelial apoptosis, and survival was compared between WT and IL-22-/- mice. Results Sepsis resulted in a significant decrease in the number of ILC3 in the gut, with a reciprocal increase in type-1 ILC (ILC1). Consistent with prior reports, sepsis was associated with increased gut permeability; however there was no difference in gut permeability, gut epithelial apoptosis, pulmonary microbial burden, or survival between WT and IL-22-/- mice. Conclusions Septic pneumonia causes a decrease in gut-associated ILC3 and an associated reciprocal increase in ILC1. This may reflect inflammation-induced conversion of ILC3 to ILC1. Constitutive systemic IL-22 deficiency does not alter sepsis-induced gut barrier dysfunction.
Pediatric COVID: How is it different from adults?

COVID 19 pandemic has affected the world for more than one year now. It has had impact on children as well, but the numbers have been fewer than adults, with lesser morbidity. Children have been commonly asymptomatic and are suspected to be the spreaders to the more susceptible part of the community. Nasopharyngeal swab testing is difficult and challenging in smaller children, and therefore their results should be interpreted with caution. Multisystem involvement has been seen in some children who required ICU admission. Most centers treated these cases as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome and used vasoactive agents for support. Overall, children showed lower morbidity and mortality all over the world.
Finding the missing millions: Integrating automated viral hepatitis screening in a hospital with care and treatment in a primary care setting.

108Background: Rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rising in the US. Patients at Saint Barnabas Medical Cancer Center (SBMC) present with late-stage HCC at higher rates (29%) compared to th...
Home Field Advantage: Assessing the Geographic Trends of the Plastic Surgery Residency Match during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective In previous plastic surgery residency match cycles, in-person activities at other institutions, such as away rotations, have facilitated matches outside of an applicant's home program or region. The COVID-19 pandemic, however, limited these in-person opportunities. Therefore, we hypothesized that applicants of the 2021 cycle would be more likely to match into programs with which they have existing geographic connections when compared to previous years. Design Residency websites and social media accounts were searched for resident names and educational information for those matching in 2021 and 2015 to 2020. Outcomes included proportion of applicants matching at the program affiliated with their medical school (“home program”), or matching in the same state or United States Census Map region as their medical school or undergraduate institution. Subgroup analyses were stratified by program region, incoming resident class size, and Doximity residency reputation ranking. Setting Columbia University (New York). Participants For the 2015 to 2020 residency cycles, 963 residents were identified from 78 (95.1%) programs. For 2021, 159 incoming interns were identified from 70 (82.3%) programs. Results 2021 applicants matched into their home program at higher rates than 2015-2020 applicants (36.0% vs. 24.1%, p = 0.019). This trend was similar regardless of program region or size. This increase was significant for programs ranked outside of the top 30 (41.5% vs. 26.4%, p = 0.032), but not for the top 30 programs (32.1% vs. 22.3%, p = 0.128). Excluding those who matched at their home program, 2015 to 2020 and 2021 applicants matched in the same state or region of their medical school or undergraduate institution at similar rates (p > 0.05 for all). Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, plastic surgery residency programs matched more applicants from affiliated medical schools than in previous years. This may result from lack of in-person opportunities for applicants at other programs. Alternative relationship-building opportunities may facilitate broader geographic connections in the 2022 cycle.
Enhanced backoff scheme in CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.11

An enhanced CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance) protocol to be used in the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer of the IEEE 802.11 standard for wireless local area networks (wireless LANs) is proposed in this work. In wireless LANs, the CSMA/CA protocol supports asynchronous data transfer, and adopts an acknowledgement mechanism to confirm successful transmissions and a handshaking mechanism to reduce collisions. In both cases, a binary exponential backoff mechanism is used. The enhanced protocol improves the exponential backoff scheme by dynamically adjusting the contention window (CW) around the optimal value. Moreover, an analytical model based on the Markov chain is developed to analyze the system performance in terms of throughput and delay. Numerical results are presented to show the effect of the proposed backoff mechanism.
Call to Action for Promoting Social Justice.

The idea for this themed issue was spurred by the intersection of several major observations that should, in the editors’ views, serve as a call to action for the pharmacy Academy. In 2020, the tragic killings of Breonna Taylor, Daniel Prude, George Floyd, and Rayshard Brooks, along with countless
Modelling Sea Ice Thermodynamics and Dynamics in Climate Studies

The sea ice cover of the polar oceans is a thin, variable-thickness layer of ice formed from freezing seawater and accumulated snowfall. Due to continual deformation and drift, this ice cover contains a variety of thicknesses ranging from open water to pressure ridges tens of meters thick. The presence of this ice cover substantially modifies air-sea heat and momentum exchanges in the polar regions, and hence can play a major role in high latitude climate sensitivity. Because of its mobility, the dynamics and thermodynamics of this ice cover are intrinsically related.
Pediatric emergency department crowding is associated with a lower likelihood of hospital admission.

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:816–820 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: Emergency department (ED) crowding may affect disposition decision-making. The objective was to measure the effect of ED crowding on probability of admission and return visit to the ED after discharge. Methods: The authors studied a historical cohort at a large pediatric ED over 40 months. Each patient was assigned a score on arrival based on the ED occupancy rate (the ratio of patients to beds). Patients were divided into quintiles by occupancy rate. The proportion admitted for each quintile was compared to the least crowded quintile adjusting for acuity, hospital occupancy, and time of arrival. The same analysis was performed for return visits to the ED within 48 hours. The analyses were repeated for the subsets of patients with asthma and with gastroenteritis and/or dehydration. Results: From the 40 months of historical data, 198,778 visits were analyzed. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for admission among the whole cohort was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81 to 0.89) comparing the highest to the lowest crowding quintiles (occupancy rate > 1.17 and < 0.54, respectively). For asthma patients, aOR = 0.93 (95% CI = 0.72 to 1.20), and for gastroenteritis patients, aOR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.65 to 1.17). The aOR of return visits comparing the highest to the lowest crowding quintiles for all patients was aOR = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.79 to 0.97), for asthma patients was aOR = 1.52 (95% CI = 0.95 to 2.46), and for gastroenteritis patients was aOR = 0.83 (95% CI = 0.54 to 1.28). Conclusions: Increasing ED crowding is associated with a lower likelihood of hospital admission and lower frequency of return visits within 48 hours.
Genital herpes and personality

Genital herpes, while having gained considerable attention as an important psychosexual disease, is not well understood. Precisely what factors trigger infectious reactivation is an important question that has yet to be answered. The present study investigated the relationship between recurrent genital herpes and personality. High and low recurrers were administered a demographic and disease history questionnaire and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Results revealed that, compared to low recurrers, the mean MMPI profile of high recurrers showed significantly greater elevations on nine of ten scales. The degree and pattern of elevation in the high profile is consistent with increased levels of autonomic arousal and stress. These findings are interpreted as suggestive of the possible role of personality in influencing the rate of infectious recurrence in genital herpes sufferers. The implications for psychologically based treatment strategies are discussed.
Propaganda Theory as Applied to Advertising

There are many similarities between advertising and propaganda. While advertising is definitely not propaganda, it may benefit from the application of the theory of propaganda. The author discusses several principles of propaganda which can be used by advertisers to help create effective advertising.
Adenosine stimulates proliferation of human endothelial cells in culture

The effect of adenosine on proliferation of human endothelial cells was investigated by adding adenosine to the medium of cultures derived from human umbilical veins. Cell counts on cultures grown ...
Glucose Uptake by Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, and Actinomyces viscosus in the Presence of Human Saliva

Glucose uptake was examined by using whole-cell suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (strains BHT, Ingbritt, and GS-5), Streptococcus mitis (strains 9811 and 72×41), and Actinomyces viscosus (strains T6 and WVU626) incubated for up to 90 min in 0 to 82% (vol/vol) human whole salivary supernatant. Glucose uptake by the S. mutans strains was completely inhibited at all saliva concentrations. Dithiothreitol (DTT), present during saliva incubation, prevented saliva inhibition. Glucose uptake was also restored when saliva-inhibited cells were subsequently exposed to DTT. The inclusion of catalase in the saliva incubation mixtures resulted in protection equal to that obtained with DTT. The S. mitis strains were also inhibited by saliva but to a far lesser extent that S. mutans. DTT and catalase also protected S. mitis from saliva inhibition. Both A. viscosus strains were completely refractory to saliva inhibition of glucose uptake. Based on (i) the sensitivity of the catalase-negative streptococci and the resistance of catalase-positive actinomyces to saliva inhibition and (ii) the equal and complete protection to saliva inhibition afforded by DTT and catalase, we conclude that the lactoperoxidase-SCN−-H2O2 system in saliva was the only antibacterial system expressed under our experimental conditions. The relative resistance of S. mitis 9811 (compared with S. mutans BHT) to saliva inhibition was shown not to result from poor H2O2 production in either glucose-supplemented buffer or saliva solutions. S. mitis produced inhibitory quantities of H2O2 that equaled or exceeded S. mutans H2O2 accumulation. It is suggested that S. mitis might possess a greater ability to repair lactoperoxidase-mediated damage than does S. mutans. Every organism studied exhibited a saliva concentration-dependent, cell growth-independent stimulation of glucose uptake after 60 to 90 min of incubation. The A. viscosus and S. mitis strains showed saliva stimulation (or stabilization) of glucose uptake with unsupplemented saliva. In the case of S. mutans, saliva stimulation was only observed when DTT was present. The possible role of salivary lactoperoxidase as a modulator of the intraoral site specificities exhibited by S. mutans is discussed.