cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Exploiting Magnetic Susceptibility

The term susceptibility often comes up in conversations about MRI images. Yet, in an admittedly nonscientific poll of MRI users, I found it rare that anyone really had a good idea what the term actually means. Coming to an understanding of magnetic susceptibility is worthwhile (really!) because it drives home the nature of what we will call susceptibility-related effects that we can observe in images. Those effects can be both informative and annoying, sometimes simultaneously. And, they are very common. Fortunately, the concept of magnetic susceptibility is pretty straightforward, even encoded, as a permanent reminder, in the term itself: Magnetic susceptibility is the degree to which a substance becomes magnetized when exposed to a magnetic field. Susceptibility-related effects result from spatial variability in the static magnetic field strength.
Biochemical and Structural Characterization of HDAC8 Mutants Associated with Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Spectrum Disorders

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) spectrum disorders are characterized by multiple organ system congenital anomalies that result from mutations in genes encoding core cohesin proteins SMC1A, SMC3, and RAD21, or proteins that regulate cohesin function such as NIPBL and HDAC8. HDAC8 is the Zn2+-dependent SMC3 deacetylase required for cohesin recycling during the cell cycle, and 17 different HDAC8 mutants have been identified to date in children diagnosed with CdLS. As part of our continuing studies focusing on aberrant HDAC8 function in CdLS, we now report the preparation and biophysical evaluation of five human HDAC8 mutants: P91L, G117E, H180R, D233G, and G304R. Additionally, the double mutants D233G–Y306F and P91L–Y306F were prepared to enable cocrystallization of intact enzyme–substrate complexes. X-ray crystal structures of G117E, P91L–Y306F, and D233G–Y306F HDAC8 mutants reveal that each CdLS mutation causes structural changes that compromise catalysis and/or thermostability. For example, the D233G mu...
Subcellular properties of [Ca2+](i) transients in phospholamban- deficient mouse ventricular cells

The regulatory protein phospholamban exerts a physiological inhibitory effect on the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ pump that is relieved with phosphorylation. We have studied the subcellular pro...
Advocacy of Visions of Space Exploration

This paper assesses the political process of agenda-setting of United States space policy in regard to the various “Visions of Space Exploration” (VSEs) that have been proposed. Central to the dynamic of this political process are the various advocacy coalitions in the space community. These coalitions are identified and discussed herein as to how they enable and constrain the various VSEs that have been put forward over time. The implications of this analysis for the political feasibility of the current VSE directed at human exploration the Moon and Mars is considered as well. The main finding of this study is that only when all the relevant advocacy coalitions are brought together into the political process of agenda -setting, a successful formulation and implementation of the proposed VSE can be attained.
DISINFECTION QUALITY OF NURSERIES AND KINDERGARTENS IN TAI'AN CITY

Objective To know the disinfection quality of nurseries and kingergartens in Tai'an city,find out the existing problems,and put forward the improvement measures. Methods Random sampling method was used to monitor the disinfection quality of nurseries and kingergartens in Tai'an City. Results 372 samples were collected,235 samples were qualified,and the average passing rate was 63. 17%. The qualification rate of monitoring projects from high to low were: the surfaces of objects( 84. 70%),tableware( 82. 98%),surfaces of staff hands( 31. 43%),indoor air( 28. 00%),the ultraviolet lamps( 25. 00%) and drinking water( 16. 67%). Conclusion The overall condition of disinfection quality in nurseries and kingergartens was low. The qualified rates of drinking water,ultraviolet lamps,indoor air and staff hand hygiene need focus in the future work of disinfection and strengthen supervision as a key object.
Etiologic Analysis of Right Lung Middle Lobe Syndrome in 30 Children

Objective To analyze the etiologic types of children with right lung middle lobe syndrome.Methods Thirty children with right lung middle lobe syndrome from Aug.2006 to May 2008 were selected.Broncho-clveolilavage fluids(BALF) of patients were collected by electron bronchosecope.The BALF were inoculated in agar plates with colombian sheep blood and chocolate plates with vancomycin horse blood,and then cultured for 18-24 hours with 50 mL/L CO2.The bacteria were isolated and identified until to species with special VITEK 2 compact assay.While the fluorescent quantitative-PCR was used to detect these organisms including mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),adenovirus(ADV)and respiratory syncytial virus.Also the IgM of MP,chlamydia pneumonial and ADV were detected with ELISA.Results Seven of 30 cases were bacteria positive,of which 4 cases were streptococcus pneumoniae,1 case was clebsiella pneumoniae,1 case was case escheric-hia coli,1 case were being catarrh moraxella bacterium.Three of 30 cases were MP,3 cases was being ADV and 1 case being tubercle bacillus,while 2 cases had foreign bodies(peanut and sunflower seed).Conclusions The etiology of children′s right lung middle lobe syndrome varied from bacteria,ADV,MP,tubercle bacillus and foreign body.Bacteria were the main causes,of which streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important etiological cause.
Hyperestrogenism induced by menotropins alone or in conjunction with luprolide acetate in in vitro fertilization cycles: the impact on hemostasis.

Objective To evaluate coagulation parameters during IVF cycles with elevated E2. Design Prospective clinical study. Setting Human volunteers in an IVF clinic. Patients Infertile women undergoing IVF procedures. Interventions Coagulation factors were measured in blood along with E2 and P after singular hMG or leuprolide acetate (LA) plus hMG up to 14 days after hCG. Main outcome measures Plasma coagulation factors. Results Some coagulation factors were statistically but not clinically elevated after LA-hMG-induced hyperestrogenism. For the most part, this was not correlated with E2. Conclusion This study suggests that endogenous E2 increases due to fertility drugs cause a molecular activation of some coagulation factors, which do not result in an increased thrombosis.
Comparison of stem cell therapies for acute kidney injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the rapid onset of decreased kidney function that ultimately increases mortality and morbidity. Stem cell research is a promising avenue for curative and preventative therapies of kidney injury, however, there are many types of stem cells under investigation. Currently there is no research to compare the value of one stem cell method over another. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have been shown to differentiate into renal cells, though further clinical research is needed to fully explore potential therapeutic strategies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have long been investigated in the preclinical setting and have recently been successful in Phase I clinical trials. MSCs may represent a promising new therapeutic approach to treat AKI as they demonstrate renoprotective effects post-injury via the secretion of promitotic, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory factors. Given the most current research, MSCs appear to offer a promising course of treatment for AKI.
Racial stereotypes, attitudes, and evaluations of and behavioral intentions toward Negroes and whites.

Two hundred subjects were asked to "play the part" of a Juvenile Court Judge in making evaluations of, and assigning sentences to, white and Negro juvenile offenders. Subjects also completed measures of racial attitude and of stereotyping. A moderate relationship between the attitude and stereotyping measures was found; these measures were also related to the evaluation of specific Negro offenders, in terms of their "correctable potential" and in terms of the estimated distribution of personality traits. The evaluations of correctable potential were, in turn, significantly related to treatment prescribed (sentences assigned) for the offenders. However, the attitude and stereotyping measures showed only a very slight relationship and no relationship, respectively, to treatment prescribed. Subjects' general "treatment style" was the most powerful predictor of treatment of Negroes. Variables which may have contributed to the nature of these relationships are discussed.
A Comprehensive Behavioral Health System for Identifying and Treating Nonadherence

In this chapter we describe an innovative system designed to promote adherence, prevent nonadherence, and provide interventions for nonadherence based on level and type of risk. While there are many discrete interventions focused on adherence being implemented at institutions across the country, they tend to be highly focused in terms of method and target population. The model sketched out here provides a different approach, focused on improving the overall system in which treatment takes place, rather than placing the entire burden of treatment adherence on the patient (or patient and parent) alone. The system utilizes a web-based hub and incorporates universal screening for risk for nonadherence at disease diagnosis; triage to targeted interventions; and ongoing surveillance for newly emerging adherence problems or psychosocial concerns. In the model, interventions are based on level and type of assessed risk or need. At the Universal level (low risk patients), we provide examples of preventive educational materials and tools that can be given to patients and parents. At the Targeted (moderate risk) level, we delineate using outreach supports as efficient ways to mitigate risk by keeping at-risk patients and families connected to, and helping them navigate, the healthcare system. For children assessed to be at the Clinical (highest risk) level, we provide guidelines for referral for individualized intervention. We end the chapter with a summary of the key factors and guiding principles for developing an effective system-based approach to adherence.
Neuroimaging in Neurological Disorders

Both functional and anatomical imaging have contributed dramatically to our understanding of the causes of various neurological disorders and their diagnosis and management. Anatomical imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and x-ray computed tomography (CT) have been used to determine the structural changes associated with various neurological diseases. Functional imaging techniques such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) have improved understanding of the changes in blood flow, metabolism, and neurotransmitter activity in these disease entities. This chapter will review major neurologic disorders and explore the use of neuroimaging in the study of these abnormalities of the central nervous system.
Indigenous Elites and Creole Identity in Colonial Mexico, 1500-1800

Modern Mexico derives many of its richest symbols of national heritage and identity from the Aztec legacy, even as it remains a predominantly Spanish-speaking, Christian society. This volume argues that the composite, neo-Aztec flavor of Mexican identity was, in part, a consequence of active efforts by indigenous elites after the Spanish conquest to grandfather ancestral rights into the colonial era. By emphasizing the antiquity of their claims before Spanish officials, native leaders extended the historical awareness of the colonial regime into the pre-Hispanic past, and therefore also the themes, emotional contours, and beginning points of what we today understand as 'Mexican history'. This emphasis on ancient roots, moreover, resonated with the patriotic longings of many creoles, descendants of Spaniards born in Mexico. Alienated by Spanish scorn, creoles associated with indigenous elites and studied their histories, thereby reinventing themselves as Mexico's new 'native' leadership and the heirs to its prestigious antiquity.
UREA IN RATIONS FOR FATTENING LAMBS

Publisher Summary This chapter explores the various factors considered to influence the ability of the growing-fattening lamb to utilize urea effectively in satisfying its protein needs. Of the many conditions necessary for the efficient use of urea nitrogen, a fattening regimen provides a high level of available carbohydrates; feed intake is not restricted either in terms of amount or time and the total nitrogen requirement is not quantitatively great. There are three observations generally common to the results of experiments conducted with urea in lamb-fattening rations. The first of these is that fattening lambs can satisfy a part of their protein needs from urea nitrogen. The second is the absence of uniformity in response either in terms of nitrogen utilization or weight gains. Last, the performance of lambs fed supplements based on high-protein feeds is superior to that obtained when a major part of the nitrogen is supplied by urea. Initial trials with urea in lamb feeding were largely devoted to establishing that urea nitrogen could be used by lambs and to comparing urea containing supplements with commonly used sources of supplementary protein such as soybean meal. The variability in response of lambs fed urea and some of the characteristic expressions of toxicity naturally led to a search for and an examination of the factors which contributed to this erratic performance and expression of toxicity. The levels of crude fiber and available carbohydrate, ration protein, and non-protein nitrogen were items receiving attention.
Bazedoxifene enhances the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin and radiation treatment by blocking IL-6 signaling in head and neck cancer

Recent studies have shown that IL-6 signaling plays an important role in the aggressive and metastatic phenotype of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Therefore, we hypothesized that targeting of IL-6 signaling in HNSCC could enhance the therapeutic efficacy of standard chemoradiation treatment. We used both in vitro and in vivo models to test the efficacy of Bazedoxifene (BZA), a drug that was originally developed as a newer-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Recently, BZA was also shown to exhibit potent anti-cancer effects that were both estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent and ER-independent. Our results suggest that BZA inhibits IL-6 signaling by disrupting IL-6R/gp130 protein-protein interactions. BZA treatment of CAL27-IL-6 (IL-6 overexpressing cells) or UM-SCC-74A (naturally expressing high levels of IL-6) significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and colony formation ability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, BZA significantly decreased IL-6-mediated tumorsphere formation by markedly reducing nanog expression. BZA treatment also markedly reduced chemo and radioresistance in head and neck cancer cells by downregulating ERCC-1, XRCC-1 and survivin expression. In a SCID mouse xenograft model, BZA significantly enhanced the anti-tumor effects of cisplatin and radiation treatment with no added systemic toxicity. Furthermore, combination treatments significantly decreased tumor metastasis, pSTAT3 expression and nanog expression, in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting IL-6 signaling with bazedoxifene could be an effective treatment strategy for the treatment of HNSCC patients.
Demand response in radial distribution networks: Distributed algorithm

Demand response has recently become a topic of active research. Most of work however considers only the balance between aggregate load and supply, and abstracts away the underlying power network. In this paper, we study demand response in a radial distribution network, by formulating it as an optimal power flow problem that maximizes the aggregate user utilities and minimizes the supply cost and the power line losses, subject to the power flow constraints and operating constraints. We propose a fully distributed algorithm for the users to coordinate their demand response decisions through local communication with their neighbors so as to achieve the optimum. Numerical examples with the real-world distribution circuits are provided to complement our theoretical analysis.
A performance comparison of control policies for slotted Aloha frequency-hopped multiple access systems

A performance analysis of slotted Aloha with frequency-hopped code-division multiple access is presented, with emphasis on the effects of the retransmission control policy. Static and dynamic control policies are considered. Performance using static control is shown to be highly sensitive to the relationship between the packet generation process and the chosen retransmission probability. Dynamic control, on the other hand, is very robust in that it provides high throughput over wide ranges of arrival rates. Delays are generally quite small when system parameters are properly set. A simple rule for computing the retransmission probability as a function of the backlog is provided and gives a result very close to the analytically derived optimal value. Numerical performance evaluation is given for the case of a network of 250 users and a spread factor (number of hopping positions) of 100, where the other system parameters are varied. >
SAT0580 The Cost-Effectiveness of HLA-B*5801 Genetic Screening to Guide Initial Urate-Lowering Therapy for Gout

Background Allopurinol is the most commonly used first-line urate-lowering therapy for the management of gout. Although allopurinol is generally safe, it is associated with severe allopurinol-hypersensitivity syndrome (AHS) (i.e., Steven Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis). AHS is fatal in up to 30% of cases. Patients with the human leukocyte antigen HLA-B*5801 are at higher risk of developing AHS. The prevalence of HLA-B*5801 and risk of AHS varies by race and is highest in Asians. The 2012 ACR gout guideline recommends testing for HLA-B*5801 in Asians prior to the allopurinol initiation, but the guideline did not take into account its cost-effectiveness. Objectives We evaluate the cost-effectiveness of testing for HLA-B*5801 prior to initiation of allopurinol according to race. Methods We modified a previously developed Markov decision model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of testing for HLA-B*5801 prior to the initiation of allopurinol (300mg) – febuxostat (80mg) sequential therapy compared to treating with allopurinol (300mg) –febuxostat (80mg) sequential therapy without testing. Hypothetical patients in the testing strategy received a polymerase chain reaction test for HLA-B*5801 prior to the initiation of therapy. Patients that tested positive for HLA-B*5801 were assumed to be treated with febuxostat. Patients that tested negative for HLA-B*5801 and those in the no testing strategy were assumed to initially receive allopurinol. We took account of the variation in risk of hypersensitivity by race (Caucasians 0.0003; African Americans 0.0015; Asian Americans 0.0034) and prevalence of HLA-B*5801 by race (Caucasians 0.007; African Americans 0.038; Asian Americans 0.074). Patients on allopurinol could experience a minor (e.g., erythema multiforme minor) or major (e.g., Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) AHS event. Cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were evaluated over the lifetime of a hypothetical gout cohort. Finally, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effect variation in cost of testing, the prevalence of HLA-B*5801, and background AHS risk on the cost-effectiveness of testing. Results Given a willingness-to-pay threshold of $110,000 per QALY, HLA-B*5801 testing is not cost-effective for Caucasians (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $268,020), but it is cost-effective for African Americans (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $91,870) and Asian Americans (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio $64,140). As the prevalence of HLA-B*5801 increases the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of testing decreases (Figure 1). When the prevalence of HLA-B*5801 is greater than 0.029 testing is cost-effective. Conclusions Testing for the presence of HLA-B*5801 is cost effective in African American and Asian Americans compared with accepted willingness-to-pay thresholds. Disclosure of Interest E. Jutkowitz: None declared, M. Dubreuil: None declared, N. Lu: None declared, K. Kuntz: None declared, H. Choi Grant/research support from: Takeda and Astra-Zeneca, Consultant for: Takeda and Astra-Zeneca
Breast cancer cells form primary tumors on ex vivo four-dimensional lung model.

Abstract Background Breast cancer mortality is most common in cancer in women, and there are no ex vivo models that can capture the primary growth of tumor with fidelity to the in vivo tumor growth. In this study, we grew human breast cancer cell lines in an acellular lung matrix of the ex vivo four-dimensional lung model to determine if they form primary tumor and the extent to which they mimic the histology and characteristics of the human tumors. Materials and methods Rat lungs were harvested, decellularized, and placed in a bioreactor. To study the primary tumor growth, we seeded the lung via the trachea with human breast cancer cells SUM159, MCF7, or MDMB231 and perfused the pulmonary artery with oxygenated media. Lobectomies were performed and processed for hematoxylin and eosin, Ki-67, caspase-3, estrogen receptor, and progesterone receptor antibodies. Results All three cell lines grew in the ex vivo four-dimensional model and formed perfusable tumor nodules with similar histology and morphology as the primary tumors. SUM159 and MDAMB231 showed higher proliferation and apoptotic indices than MCF7. In addition, MCF7 retained its estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor positivity, whereas SUM159 and MDAMB 231 did not have any staining. Conclusions Overall, our study showed that human breast cancer cells can be grown on the ex vivo four-dimensional lung model, which then form primary tumor nodules that mimic the morphology and histology of the original tumor.
Resistencia desde la vulnerabilidad: inmigrantes latinos en España y Estados Unidos

A partir de un estudio comparativo sobre los efectos de la Gran Recesion en los inmigrantes latinos en Estados Unidos y Espana, el articulo muestra como la posicion que los inmigrantes ocupan en la estructura social tiende a convertirlos en sujetos vulnerables. Pero como agentes sociales, los inmigrantes responden con diferentes estrategias de resistencia para minimizar los efectos de su condicion vulnerable. Diversos factores son los que explican la vulnerabilidad de los inmigrantes latinos en el mercado de trabajo en Estados Unidos y en Espana.
When Security Dominates the Agenda: The Influence of Ongoing Security Threats on Female Representation

The level of female representation has been found to lead to lower military spending and a lower level of state aggression. However, I argue that previous work has largely overlooked the impact of ...
The Double-Cup Construct: A Novel Treatment Strategy for the Management of Paprosky IIIA and IIIB Acetabular Defects

Abstract Background Treatment of massive acetabular bone loss in revision total hip arthroplasty is complex, and various treatment strategies have been described. We describe a novel technique of using a Trabecular Metal Revision Shell as a buttress augment creating a “double-cup” construct rather than the use of custom triflanges or cup-cage constructs for Paprosky types IIIA and IIIB acetabular defects. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 20 double-cup cases at a mean of 2.4 years follow-up at a single institution between 2005 and 2014. We evaluated postoperative radiographic evidence of acetabular loosening and complication rates, restoration of hip center of rotation, preoperative and postoperative modified Harris Hip Score, and Merle d'Aubigne-Postel pain and walking scores. Results There were no revisions for acetabular loosening and no cases of aseptic loosening. We observed a 25% dislocation rate, which was the most common complication. Most dislocations occurred within the first year after surgery and most were acetabulum only revisions. Hip center of rotation was restored to an average of 22.5 mm within the interteardrop line. Average Harris Hip Score improved from 28.2 to 68.7 (P Conclusion The double-cup construct is a reliable option for reconstruction of Paprosky type IIIA and IIIB acetabular defects with no cases of acetabular loosening both clinically and radiographically at a mean of 2 years follow-up. The most common complication was dislocation in the acetabulum-only revisions, and clinical outcome measures were reliably improved in surviving cases.
Quantum Mechanical Algorithms for the Nonabelian Hidden Subgroup Problem

We provide positive and negative results concerning the “standard method” of identifying a hidden subgroup of a nonabelian group using a quantum computer.
Cell-Free Hemoglobin-mediated Increases in Vascular Permeability. A Novel Mechanism of Primary Graft Dysfunction and a New Therapeutic Target

Rationale: Cell-free hemoglobin (CFH) is a potent oxidant associated with poor clinical outcomes in a variety of clinical settings. Recent studies suggest that acetaminophen (APAP), a specific hemoprotein reductant, can abrogate CFH-mediated oxidative injury and organ dysfunction. Preoperative plasma CFH levels are independently associated with primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after lung transplant (1).Objectives: Our objectives were to determine whether CFH would increase lung vascular permeability in the isolated perfused human lung and whether APAP would limit these effects.Methods: Human lungs declined for transplant were inflated and perfused with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium/5% albumin at a pulmonary artery pressure of 8–12 mm Hg. After steady state was achieved, CFH (100 mg/dl) was added to the perfusate ± APAP (15 μg/ml). Lung permeability was measured by continuous monitoring of lung weight gain and by extravasation of Evans blue dye–labeled albumin from the vasculature into bronchoalveolar la...
Using germination prediction to inform seeding potential: II. comparison of germination predictions for cheatgrass and potential revegetation species in the Great Basin, USA

Germination models predict germination timing under seedbed water potential and temperature conditions. Using a wet thermal time model for germination prediction, we estimated progress toward germination (PTG) of 31 seedlots (10 species) as a function of hourly seedbed temperature (>0 °C) when soils were above a water potential of −1.5 MPa. Seasonally-summed progress toward germination with a value > 1 indicates that germination will occur for that season. We used near surface (1–3 cm) soil water potential and temperature measurements collected at 24 sites in the Great Basin to determine effects of site, season, and year on PTG. On tree encroached sites, we also determined effects of tree infilling phase at time of tree removal, removal method, and microsite on estimated PTG. Soils were wet and warm enough in early spring, late spring, and fall for PTG >1 indicating potential germination for most seedlots and species on most sites and years. Prescribed burning increased PTG as much as three times more than either tree cutting or mechanical shredding. Germination prediction could help to screen for plant materials adapted to specific sites or assess effects of seed additives or treatments that time germination to maximize seedling survival.
IDEOLOGY, EXPRESSION, AND MEDIATION

To combat romantic irrationalism in the name of art, to discredit the view that art gives access to a supersensible realm of truths in the very name of creative expression, to tear as under the platonizing tendencies of aesthetic formalisms in the cause of liberating the human sensibility, this is the historical mission of Marxist theory of art. But in undertaking this program Marxists have been far from unanimous in agreement as to the main theoretical category or categories which will yield a rich interpretation of art and aesthetic culture as a whole, and at once remain consistent with the principles of historical and dialectical materialism. Numerous concepts or categories have been proposed: particularity (Besonderheit) — Lukacs, labor-utility — Plekhanov, genotype — Caudwell, alienation-affect (Entfremdungs-Affekt) — Brecht, totality — Pascal, Form — Marcuse, and perhaps most frequently reflection (Widerspiegelung) — socialist realism in general, and Lichtheim on Lukacs. These are but a few. In this paper I will argue for the centrality and conceptual priority of ‘mediation’ (Vermittlung).1 I will try to show that the category mediation is capable of providing conceptual order and unity to Marxist inquiry.
New monogenic disorders identify more pathways to neutropenia: from the clinic to next-generation sequencing

Neutrophils are the most common type of leukocyte in human circulating blood and constitute one of the chief mediators for innate immunity. Defined as a reduction from a normal distribution of values, neutropenia results from a number of congenital and acquired conditions. Neutropenia may be insignificant, temporary, or associated with a chronic condition with or without a vulnerability to life-threatening infections. As an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome, neutropenia may be associated with transformation to myeloid malignancy. Recognition of an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome may be delayed into adulthood. The list of monogenic neutropenia disorders is growing, heterogeneous, and bewildering. Furthermore, greater knowledge of immune-mediated and drug-related causes makes the diagnosis and management of neutropenia challenging. Recognition of syndromic presentations and especially the introduction of next-generation sequencing are improving the accuracy and expediency of diagnosis as well as their clinical management. Furthermore, identification of monogenic neutropenia disorders is shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of granulopoiesis and myeloid malignancies.
Translating Intervention Research for Students With Mild Disabilities to Practice: A Systematic Journal Analysis:

Gains have been made over the last two decades in how to identify evidence-based practices for students with disabilities, but less progress has been made in ensuring that these interventions are used by classroom teachers. Although it is not the only area that needs to be addressed to bridge this research-to-practice gap, providing high-quality information about effective interventions in a format that is easy for teachers to understand is an important piece of a much larger implementation science puzzle. The current study analyzed a wide range of prominent special education practitioner journals to develop a comprehensive picture of the extent to which research is translated to practice for teachers who work with students with mild disabilities (learning disabilities, emotional/behavioral disorders, autism-Level 1 [A-L1]). Results from the analysis of 3,245 articles showed that across journals, fewer than 30% of articles translated intervention research findings to practice, with over half targeting aca...
Efficient population-scale variant analysis and prioritization with VAPr.

Summary With the growing availability of population-scale whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, demand for reproducible, scalable variant analysis has spread within genomic research communities. To address this need, we introduce the Python package Variant Analysis and Prioritization (VAPr). VAPr leverages existing annotation tools ANNOVAR and MyVariant.info with MongoDB-based flexible storage and filtering functionality. It offers biologists and bioinformatics generalists easy-to-use and scalable analysis and prioritization of genomic variants from large cohort studies. Availability and implementation VAPr is developed in Python and is available for free use and extension under the MIT License. An install package is available on PyPi at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/VAPr, while source code and extensive documentation are on GitHub at https://github.com/ucsd-ccbb/VAPr.
Some Global Environmental Issues of the 21st Century

There are two complimentary approaches to studying the environment effects of fuel use and energy conversion. The first is to be completely systematic and to follow through each technology in great detail, and itemize each impact, whether large or small. The second, followed here, is to pick out those items that either dominate the risk or impact, or dominate the public perception thereof, and try to understand them in some detail. I pick the following: (a) What is the effect upon health of particulate air pollution at today’s levels? Experts increasingly believe that particulates kill 70,000 people a year in the USA, but it has not yet been officially admitted by any government. (b) I will discuss another global environmental effect of a heavy metal: the pollution of water supplies, particularly in the Bengal Basin (West Bengal and Bangladesh) by arsenic and the implications this has for the world. (c) I will then argue that the future of the world demands administrative control of a number of environmental issues. This is most clear when we discuss high intensity radioactive sources and plutonium.
Geochemistry of Tannin: Methods and Applications

Although a considerable body of knowledge now exists about tannin in general, the geochemistry of tannin is in its infancy. The geochemical perspective of tannin is quite different from previous work, taking as its prime motivation the role of tannin in the carbon cycle both quantitatively and in terms of biomarker potential. Net terrestrial and marine primary production is approximately 100 × 1017 gCy−11 Of this global primary production, only 0.2 percent passes through the ecosystem and is ultimately preserved in marine sediments. Carbon preservation is of interest because of its link to the atmosphere. For every mole of organic carbon buried, one mole of carbon dioxide is removed, and one mole of oxygen released. Ultimately, all of the oxygen in the atmosphere is due to organic carbon preservation and pyrite formation, and considerable effort has been made to understand all the factors and feedback mechanisms in these relationships.2
Fish Oil Supplementation for Depression: Rationale and Mechanisms

Abstract Fish oil is a rich source of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFAs), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Over the past threedecades, a converging body of evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in LCn-3 PUFAs in the pathophysiology and etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and that fish oil supplementation reduces depressive symptoms. Recently emerging neuroimaging evidence further suggests fish oil supplementation promotes neuronal resilience and white-matter integrity. Translational evidence suggests elevated proinflammatory signaling, deficits in cerebral perfusion and glucose utilization, and synaptic regression may mediate the association between LCn-3 PUFA insufficiency and central pathological processes implicated in MDD. Together, this body of evidence provides a strong rationale for identifying and treating LCn-3 PUFA deficiency in patients with or at risk for MDD in a broader effort to optimize treatment and improve long-term health outcomes for patients.
If I should practise . . .

I live in Pakistan where 70% of the women choose not to work outside the home. Most of them become housewives. It might seem more desirable to stay at home, raise a family, and adopt a traditional lifestyle. In my country the value of a housewife is never underestimated. Women are seen as devoted mothers, wives, and as the powerhouses behind men’s success. Working women can be gossiped about and labelled as “busy, selfish, and inattentive to their children.” Women make up only 14% of those …
Cost Analysis of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Compared with Warfarin in Patients with Blunt Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhages

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are rapidly gaining popularity as alternatives to warfarin in the prevention of stroke or systemic embolic events because of the simplicity of their dosing and lack of monitoring requirement. Many physicians feared that these novel agents would be cost-prohibitive not only in their administration but also in their sequelae of bleeding, given the few reversal agents available. Whereas the medication itself is more expensive than traditional warfarin, the total cost of a hospital admission has not been compared between patients on DOACs and warfarin who have sustained a blunt traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). We conducted a retrospective review of our hospital's trauma database from June 2011 through September 2015 at our Level II trauma center of patients who suffered from an ICH who were anticoagulated at the time of their trauma. Patients who died during their hospital admission or were exclusively on antiplatelet agents were excluded. Of the 136 patients studied, 79 were on warfarin and 57 were on a DOAC at the time of their presentation for a traumatic ICH. The average charged cost for the hospital stay of a patient with an ICH was significantly higher for patients on warfarin compared with DOACs [$70,384.08 vs $49,226.66 (P = 0.02)]. The average reimbursement rate for the hospital was also significantly higher for those patients on warfarin as compared with those on DOACs [$23,922.93 vs $14,705.77 (P = 0.02)]. DOACs are associated with a significant cost benefit in patients admitted for blunt traumatic ICHs when compared with those on warfarin.
Protective Factors for Violent Victimization in Schools: A Gendered Analysis

While the link between childhood abuse and future victimization has been developed, the effects of other negative events in childhood on future victimization, and whether protective factors may gua...
Introduction: Dark Tourism in the American West

The introduction to this book explores the various perspectives of the American West and considers the role of imagination in forming visions of western spaces. While the West has been seen as a land of opportunity, this vision has its counter in the violence, suffering, and death at sites of dark tourism. These spaces and the artifacts they contain (an abandoned piano, a deserted house) invite reflection on the “tangible material losses” of westward migration. Dawes also considers the value of dark tourism as it allows us to view the western spaces and places from different perspectives. She provides a roadmap for this book and explains some of the larger connections among the works in this volume.
Conquest of Frontiers

The Atlantic world from its inception was about pushing back the frontiers to the unknown. Initially European explorers made their way down the African coast, across the Atlantic, and eventually into the interior of the Americas. Exploration was a key aspect of the advancing frontiers. Shortly after the explorers came the settlers.
Spatial Distribution of Supply and the Role of Market Thickness: Theory and Evidence from Ridesharing

This paper uses both empirical and theoretical methods to answer salient questions about possible geographical distortion of supply from demand: (i) how to empirically infer whether some regions are "under-supplied" relative to others; (ii) howto identify mechanisms that lead to unequal access to supply across regions; and (iii) how to design policies that alleviate geographical supply inequities. If supply in a spatial market (such as rideshare) is geographically distorted from demand, it will lead to disproportionately low demand-fulfillment rates in some regions relative to other regions. However, empirically identifying such spatial distortions is challenging since unfulfilled demand is unobserved. To deal with this issue, we devise an approach, called relative outflows analysis, which has a simple implementation and minimal data requirements. Our method takes advantage of the overlooked fact that individuals do not migrate as often as they take rides, hence for every trip there is a "trip back." Suppose, for example, that Lyft's "relative outflow" in Staten Island (i.e., the number Lyft rides exiting Staten Island divided by those entering it) is consistently around 0.6. Then we conclude that Lyft's supply is distorted away from Staten Island; because the same population that chooses Lyft over other options to enter the borough, is likely to choose other options over Lyft to exit. This conclusion becomes stronger if Uber's relative outflow in Staten Island is consistently close to 1.
Targeting cognitive function: Development of a cognitive training intervention for diabetes.

Aim The aim of this project was to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a comprehensive cognitive training intervention to build self-efficacy for implementation of cognitive strategies in people with diabetes. Background People with diabetes are at greater risk than the general population for developing cognitive dysfunction. Some attention has been paid to the effect of cognitive impairments on diabetes self-management, but even when cognitive problems have been identified, few interventions have been tailored for those with diabetes. Methods The intervention combines in-person classes and home-based online computer training. Development, in 2017, included (a) adaptation of prior established, tested interventions; (b) interviews with stakeholders; and (c) integration of course content. Results Information provided by the stakeholders was used to modify an existing intervention to meet the needs of people with diabetes so that feasibility testing could occur. Despite initial difficulty with recruitment, the intervention was found to be feasible, and nineteen participants found it to be acceptable. Conclusion This comprehensive cognitive training intervention targeting type 2 diabetes and cognitive dysfunction demonstrates that existing interventions can be adapted for use with people with diabetes.
Documents of Colonialism and Racial Theorizing in the German Classroom

This chapter deals with unstated white supremacist assumptions of German Studies and proposes critical race theory approaches toward the German invention of “race.” After contextualizing the contemporary situation, the chapter describes a particular instance of German Studies instruction in critical genealogies of race, namely, a seminar called “Race Theory and the Modern German State.” The curriculum and pedagogical methods focus on unpacking racial discourse found in primary sources over the course of German intellectual and cultural history. However, the author discovered that this focus on primary sources may backfire, and provides a case study of such a situation. The chapter concludes with pedagogy and curriculum recommendations, should a German instructor choose to teach such a critical race theory seminar in their own institution. Without combating white supremacy and staring unflinchingly at its racial assumptions, German Studies runs the risk of supporting the very systems of oppression it purports to denounce.
IS STEP RATE ASSOCIATED WITH RUNNING INJURY INCIDENCE? AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY WITH 9- MONTH FOLLOW UP.

Background Several strategies have been proposed to reduce loading of the lower extremity while running including step rate manipulation. It is unclear however, whether step rate influences the incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose To examine the association between step rate and risk of injury in an adult recreational runner population. Study design Prospective Cohort. Methods A total of 381 runners were prospectively followed for an average of nine months. Two-dimensional video was used to assess preferred step rate during a timed two-mile run or a 5K race. Injury surveillance to record sub-clinical injuries (those for which medical treatment was not sought) was performed via semi-monthly email surveys over the course of one year. Injury surveillance for clinical injuries (those for which medical treatment was sought) was performed via a full medical record review using the Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application. Clinical, sub-clinical and combined clinical and sub-clinical injury incidence were assessed in separate analyses. Injury was operationally defined as seven or more days of reduced activity due to pain. To assess the predictive validity of running step rate, the step rate of participants who did not develop a musculoskeletal injury during the observation period were compared with the running step rate of participants who did develop an injury during the observation period. Results Out of 381 runners, 16 sustained a clinical overuse injury for which medical treatment was sought. Mean step rate for clinically un-injured runners was 172 steps/min and mean step rate for clinically injured runners was 173 steps/min which was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.77.) Out of 381 runners, 95 completed all four sub-clinical injury surveys (95/381 = 25%). Out of those 95 runners, 19 sustained a clinical (n=4) or sub-clinical injury (n=15). The step rate of sub-clinically injured and non-injured runners in this sub-sample was also not statistically significantly different (p = 0.08), with a mean of 174 steps/min for the uninjured group and a mean step rate of 170 steps/min for those in the sub-clinical injured group. Conclusion Preferred step rate was not associated with lower extremity injury rates in this sample of DoD runners. Additional research is needed to justify preferred step rate manipulation as a means to reduce lower extremity injury risk. Level of evidence Level 3.
Management of polyethylene glycol solution aspiration using bronchoscopic lavage in a dog.

Polyethylene glycol lavage solutions are used for colonic preparation in dogs and are considered relatively safe. Aspiration is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of polyethylene glycol administration. Full recovery is possible and often rapid in people treated with bronchoalveolar lavage. A healthy 2-year-old male Beagle used in an endoscopy teaching laboratory aspirated a small amount of polyethylene glycol lavage solution. Although initially appearing unaffected, the dog quickly became hypoxemic. Bronchoscopy was used to lavage the lungs and aspirate tracheal/pulmonary fluid 5 times over the course of 45 minutes. The dog completely recovered. This report presents the successful treatment of polyethylene glycol aspiration in a dog. Although the seriousness of aspiration might not be immediately evident, bronchoscopy and lavage should be pursued because of the rapidly progressive nature of polyethylene glycol-induced pulmonary edema.