cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Microscopy and Solution NMR Studies of Cytoskeletal Proteins from Tetrahymena

The cytoskeleton of single-cell eukaryotes such as the alveolates is remarkably complex, and very little is known about the molecular and structural bases of its organization and regulation. We have previously identified several proteins during proteomic analysis of calcium-dependent contractile fibers isolated from the membrane-associated cytoskeleton of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. These include a putative calcium-binding protein (Tcb2), a filament-forming structural protein (Epc1), and a protein kinase (Epk1), among others. The function of these proteins is unclear, but it has been proposed that they play regulatory and structural roles in the calcium-dependent regulation of ciliary movement. We are using a combination of localization and structural methods, in particular confocal laser scanning microscopy and solution NMR spectroscopy, to understand how these proteins interact to form intricate cytoskeleton structures and contractile filaments, and gain insight into their structure-function relationship. Confocal microscopy studies of GFP-tagged constructs indicate that the proteins concentrate into a very thin submembranous layer called the epiplasm. Interestingly, we are able to reconstitute calcium-triggered contractile fabrics in vitro with Tcb2 alone. Full-length Tcb2 forms filamentous structures and becomes insoluble in the presence of calcium and/or upon concentration, but its C-terminal domain is highly soluble and amenable to biophysical/structural characterization. NMR spectra show that this domain is well folded both in the presence and absence of calcium, and undergoes a dramatic conformational change upon calcium addition. We are currently using NMR spectroscopy to quantify the calcium-binding properties of this domain, and to investigate its structure and dynamics. Future NMR studies will probe Tcb2 interactions with other cytoskeletal proteins, in particular Epk1 and subdomains of Epc1. We will also investigate the relative cellular distributions of these proteins through fluorescence double-labeling and FRET experiments.
Droplet dispersion and transport mechanisms in a turbulent, free shear-layer

This paper reports an experimental study of a plane, two-dimensional, turbulent mixing layer formed between a one-dimensional uniform liquid spray and a stagnant air flow. Flow visualization as well as light scatter and laser diffraction techniques are used to measure the growth rate, density and droplet size distribution across the mixing layer. It is shown that the mechanism of mass and momentum transfer between the phases (droplet dispersion) is dominated by the presence of a large, coherent, two-dimensional vortical structure formed through the primary shear instability. Measurements of mean Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) across the mixing layer show that these large vortices, which dominate the features of the flow, control not only the entrainment of irrotational air into the spray but, more importantly, they determine the density and distribution of droplet sizes throughout the mixing region.
Fundamental characteristics of three-terminal thin-film microbridges

Current-voltage characteristics of a new type of superconducting weak link are investigated in which three bulk superconductors are coupled via a common weak-order-parameter region, in contrast to the usual weak links, where the coupling is limited to two superconductors. The indium three-terminal weak links studied in this experiment were made by using an electron beam lithography technique. The weak link length is typically shorter than the Ginzburg-Landau coherence length at the bath temperature, allowing strong interactions between phase-slip centers to occur inside the weak link. Pronounced structure in theI–V curves can be understood in terms of quasiparticle-exchange interactions between the phase-slip centers and order parameter variation due to current depairing. An aluminum three-terminal weak link was also investigated, showing behavior somewhat different from that of the indium weak links.
The quenching of two-dimensional premixed flames

Abstract An analysis is undertaken, both mathematical and numerical, of the quenching of two-dimensional premixed flames under a variety of circumstances. The discussion is divided into two parts, the first of which deals with quenching due to proximity to a surface through which there are heat losses, the second, quenching due to a shear flow of the kind experienced by a flame attached to a wire. The discussion includes a critical appraisal of flame stretch and the role sometimes claimed for it in intuitive explanations of flame quenching.
Guilt reactions to sexual fantasies during intercourse.

This study explored how guilt feelings about having sexual fantasies during intercourse are related to frequency of fantasizing, to sexual satisfaction and sexual dysfunction, and to different beliefs about the cause, transgressive nature, and consequences of such fantasizing behavior. Drawing from a sample of 178 men and women with intercourse experience ( $$\bar X$$ age = 27), 84% reported that they fantasized at least some of the time during sexual intercourse. From this sample, those who reported feeling most guilty about having sexual fantasies during intercourse (1 SD or more above the mean, n = 39) were compared to those who felt least guilty (1 SD or more below the mean, n = 43). Those subjects who felt guilty reported having significantly fewer sexual fantasies during intercourse than those who felt the least guilty. They also reported higher levels of sexual dissatisfaction and dysfunction. The highguilt subjects believed that sexual fantasies during intercourse were significantly more abnormal, immoral, uncommon, socially unacceptable, and harmful to themselves, their partner, and their relationship regardless of whether their partner knew that such fantasies occurred. They also reported that the cause of their fantasizing during intercourse reflected significantly more negatively on their sexual behavior and their general character than did the low-guilt group. No statistically significant differences were found between groups on the causal attribution dimensions of internality, stability, or globality of such fantasies. In general, these findings suggest that guilt reactions about sexual fantasies during intercourse are related to beliefs that such fantasies are deviant and harmful and that such guilt reactions are negatively related to sexual satisfaction and adjustment.
SU-GG-T-247: An Investigation On the Cross-Calibration Value of the Plane-Parallel Chamber Against the Cylindrical Chamber for Different High-Energy Electron Beams with TG-51 Protocol

Purpose: To investigate the cross‐calibration value of the plane‐parallel chamber for different high‐energy electron beams.Method and Materials: An Exradin parallel‐plate ion chamber (P11) and a calibrated cylindrical ion chamber (PTW N30006) were used for measurements. R 50 of electron beams was calculated from Eq.(16) of the AAPM TG‐51 protocol with depth‐ionization curves measured by the cylindrical chamber. Since 2 cm ⩽ R 50 ⩽ 20 cm for electron beams 9, 12, 15 and 18 MeV, (K′ R50 )pp, the electron beam quality conversion factor, was calculated from Eq.(20) of the protocol. Dose per MU at d ref using the cylindrical chamber was determined with worksheet B according to the protocol. The parallel‐plate chamber was used with the TG‐51 worksheet C to determine the cross‐calibration value, Kc , of the plane‐parallel chamber against the cylindrical chamber for the above electron beams. Measurements were repeated several times. Results: Kc should be constant for the same parallel‐plate chamber for different energy electron beams since it only depends on chamber's construction, however, our measurements show Kc increases with beam energy. The average cross‐calibration value for 18 MeV is approximately 0.8 % larger than that for 9 MeV. Kc is a function of (K′ R50 )pp which depends on beam energy via Eq.(20). If Eq.(20) doesn't describe such dependence accurately, Kc will vary with beam energies. When we fit our measurement data with a different set of parameters in Eq.(20), Kc no longer varies with beam energies. Conclusion: Eq.(20) in TG‐51 protocol may not accurately describe the dependence of (K′ R50 )pp as a function of electron beam energies. Variations of the cross‐calibration value for different beam qualities for the same parallel‐plate chamber are observed. It may be necessary to use different parameters in Eq.(20) to more accurately describe the above dependence.
Metal coordination-directed hydroxylation of steroids with a novel artificial P-450 catalyst.

A novel catalyst has been synthesized in which a manganese−porphyrin unit is linked to two 2,2‘-bipyridyl groups and two pentafluorophenyl groups in trans fashion on its four meso positions. Relative to a previous catalyst in which the manganese−porphyrin had four 2,2‘-bipyridyl groups, the new catalyst, in the presence of Cu2+ ions as coordinating linkers, catalyzes the oxidation of a steroid substrate with much better regioselectivity and higher turnover numbers.
Trans-order yolk protein can stimulate endocytic activity in Drosophila oocytes

Vitellogenins (Vgs) and mature yolk from some non-Dipteran insects can be recognized by Drosophila melanogaster oocyte Vg receptors and incorporated via receptor-mediated endocytosis into nascent yolk spheres (NYS). It had previously been assumed that only Vgs of Drosophila or other Dipterans could be so endocytosed. Drosophila ovarian follicles from 4-day old females were incubated in the presence of physiological salt solution (PSS) containing some fluorescent TexasRed-Dextran (Dex-red) or PSS-Dex-red in which either female hemolymph, or vitellin (mature yolk) from lysed oocytes was present from any of the following: (1) Drosophila (Diptera); (2) Oncopeltus (milkweed bug, Hemiptera); (3) Acteaus (luna moth, Saturniidae Lepidoptera); (4) Papilio (swallowtail butterfly, Papilionidae Lepidoptera); or (5) Xylocopa (carpenter bee, Hymenoptera). Under incubation conditions, any NYS would become fluorescent due to non-specific fluid-phase uptake. Ovarian follicles incubated in PSS-DexRed alone or in PSS with h...
Encapsulated phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage – Heat transfer analysis

Abstract Thermal analysis of high temperature phase change materials (PCM) is conducted with the consideration of a 20% void and buoyancy-driven convection in a stainless steel capsule. The effects of the thermal expansion and the volume expansion due to phase change on the energy storage and retrieval process are investigated. Sodium nitrate is considered as a potential PCM for concentrated solar power applications. The charging and discharging into and from the capsule wall is simulated for different boundary conditions and is applied with both laminar and turbulent flow conditions. Computational models are conducted by applying an enthalpy-porosity method and volume of fluid method (VOF) to calculate the transport phenomena within the PCM capsule, including an internal air void. Energy storage and retrieval in different sized capsules is simulated. A cylindrical shaped EPCM capsule or tube is considered in simulations using both gas (air) and liquid (Therminol/VP-1) as the heat transfer fluid in a cross flow arrangement. Additionally a spherical shaped EPCM is considered with a constant wall temperature boundary condition to study the three-dimensional heat transfer effects. The presence of the void has profound effects on the thermal response of the EPCM during both energy storage and retrieval process. Melting and solidification per unit mass of the PCM takes longer when the void is present. Additionally, due to material properties and the lack of convective effects, the solidification process is much slower than the melting process.
A fixed frequency aerosol albedometer

A new method for the measurement of aerosol single scatter albedo (ω) at 532 nm was developed. The method employs cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) for measurement of aerosol extinction coefficient (bext) and an integrating sphere nephelometer for determination of aerosol scattering coefficient (bscat). A unique feature of this method is that the extinction and scattering measurements are conducted simultaneously, on the exact same sample volume. Limits of detection (3s) for the extinction and scattering channel were 0.61 Mm-1 and 2.7 Mm-1 respectively.
Location Theory and Trade Theory: Short-Run Analysis

I. Some shortcomings of traditional trade doctrine and the concept of income potential, 305. — II. Interregional input-output analysis and international trade, 310. — III. Conclusions, 318.
The 3-channel Lissajous' trajectory of the auditory brain-stem response. VII. Planar segments in humans☆☆☆

Abstract Auditory brain-stem response (ABR) recorded from 3 orthogonally placed electrode pairs reveals a voltage-voltage-voltage plot of activity known as the 3-channel Lissajous' trajectory (3-CLT). ABR 3-CLT responses have been recorded from 9 human subjects in response to monaural, 70 dB nHL clicks. Responses were simultaneously recorded from 3 electrode channels in the vertical, horizontal and anterior-posterior plane. These 3 channels were combined to form human ABR 3-CLTs. Analysis of data included inspection of single-channel data, determination of segments along the trajectory which fall into distinct planes, and derivation of overall amplitude by time measures known as vector amplitude plots. Depending upon definition, 9 or 10 sequential, overlapping planar segments are found in the ABR 3-CLT of human subjects. Measures of planar apex latency and duration of planar segments were found to be reasonably consistent between subjects as were the orientations of planar segments. Vector amplitude plots (absolute amplitude of 3-channel recordings over time) derived from the human 3-CLT demonstrate 8 fast peaks which appear to be superimposed upon slow wave activity. These plots are shown to be potentially useful in determining optimal electrode orientations for single-channel recording of various ABR peaks. It was concluded that planar-segment formation in the ABR 3-CLT is a consistent finding in human subjects and that this technique is a promising clinical and research tool.
Polarographic quantification of salicylate in serum by salicylate hydroxylase

The purification of salicylate hydroxylase (from Pseudomonase cepacia (ATCC 29351)) and the sources of chemicals as well as clinical samples were described in a previous article [3]. (The enzyme is also available from Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO, USA.) A Gilson oxygraph was used to monitor oxygen tension polarographically. The oxygraph chamber contained 0.70 ml of 0.90 mmol/l NADH, 0.03 ml of serum sample, and 0.05 ml of the enzyme (10 III/ml). The final volume of the reaction mixture was adjusted to 1.28 ml with 20 mmol/l potassium phosphate, pH 7.6. In routine assay, buffer, NADH, and the enzyme were placed in that order in
Estimation of earthquake source parameters by the inversion of waveform data: synthetic waveforms

Abstract Two methods are presented for the recovery of a time-dependent moment-tensor source from waveform data. One procedure utilizes multichannel signal-enhancement theory; in the other a multichannel vector-deconvolution approach, developed by Oldenburg (1982) and based on Backus-Gilbert inverse theory, is used. These methods have the advantage of being extremely flexible; both may be used either routinely or as research tools for studying particular earthquakes in detail. Both methods are also robust with respect to small errors in the Green's functions and may be used to refine estimates of source depth by minimizing the misfits to the data. The multichannel vector-deconvolution approach, although it requires more interaction, also allows a trade-off between resolution and accuracy, and complete statistics for the solution are obtained. The procedures have been tested using a number of synthetic body-wave data sets, including point and complex sources, with satisfactory results.
The three-dimensional model of Dictyostelium discoideum racE based on the human rhoA-GDP crystal structure.

Abstract The three-dimensional structure of racE was modeled using several homologous small G proteins, and the best model obtained using the human rhoA as modeling template is reported. The three-dimensional fold of the racE model is remarkably similar to the cellular form of human ras p21 crystal structure. Its secondary structure consists of six α-helices, six β-strands and three 310 helices. The model retains its secondary structure after a 300 K, 300 ps molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Important domains of the protein include its effector loop (residues 34–46), the insertion domain (residues 121–136), and the polybasic motif (between 210 and 220) not modeled in the current structure. The effector loop is inherently flexible and the structure docked with GDP exhibits the effector loop moving significantly closer to the nucleotide binding pocket, forming a tighter complex with the bound GDP. The mobility of the effector loop is conferred by a single residue ‘hinge’ point at residue 34 Asp , also allowing the Switch I region, immediately preceding the effector loop, to be equally mobile. In comparison, the Switch II region shows average mobility. The insertion domain is highly flexible, with the insertion taking the form of a helical domain, with several charged residues forming a complex charged interface over the entire insertion region. While the GDP moiety is loosely held in the active site, the metal cation is extensively co-ordinated. The critical residue 38 Thr exhibits high mobility, and is seen interacting directly with the metal ion at a distance of 2.64 A, and indirectly via an intervening water molecule. 64 Gln , a key residue involved in GTP hydrolysis in ras, is seen facing the β-phosphate group and the metal ion. Certain residues (i.e. 51 Asn , 38 Thr and 65 Glu ) exhibit unique characteristics and these residues, together with 158 Val , may play important roles in the maintenance of the protein’s integrity and function. There is strong consensus of secondary structural elements between models generated using various templates, such as h-rac1, h-rhoA and h-cdc42 bound to RhoGDI, all sharing only 50–55% sequence identity with racE, which suggests that this model is in all probability an accurate prediction of the true tertiary structure of racE.
Rayleigh wave scattering by two adhering elastic wedges

We consider the problem of wave propagation in a composite bi‐material elastic wedge with traction‐free faces. The wedge is composed of two distinct isotropic elastic solids which are perfectly bonded along their common face. The angles of each wedge are essentially arbitrary, satisfying 0° up to 2α = 2α 1 + 2α 2 up to 360°. In particular, we solve the problem of reflection, transmission and diffraction of an incoming Rayleigh wave on one of the wedge faces. The problem is treated by the method of Sommerfeld integrals whose spectral functions are defined through singular integral equations, contour integration and analytic continuation. We first follow the Maliuzhinetz method and derive functional equations for the spectral functions. We convert the Maliuzhinetz functional equations into well‐posed singular integral equations, which are shown to be suitable for effective inversion. The solution of the integral equations explicitly determines the Sommerfeld amplitudes inside some strips of the complex plane. Then, explicit recursive formulas analytically continue the amplitudes to a larger region of the complex plane in a finite number of steps which correspond to multiple reflections from the boundaries. The integral equations admit clear physical interpretation in terms of Fermat9s reflection principle, and their right‐hand sides are directly related to the boundary values of incident waves. It is shown how our previous solutions on homogeneous wedges are recovered from the bi‐material wedge case. We also show how several degenerate cases, such as a liquid‐solid wedge and a liquid‐liquid wedge, can be treated in appropriate limits. Finally, the integral equations are solved numerically for particular material combinations and wedge angles to show the usefulness of the solution. The results are plotted graphically and shown to be in general agreement with relevant special cases where prior results are available.
Asymptotic mass spectrum and thermodynamics of the Abelian bag model

A statistical evaluation of the mass spectrum in the bag model is made using the microcanonical ensemble. The mass spectrum behaves asymptotically as $\ensuremath{\rho}(m)\ensuremath{\sim}c{m}^{\ensuremath{-}3}\mathrm{exp}(\frac{m}{{T}_{0}})$, where $c$ and ${T}_{0}$ depend on the bag constant, on the number of degrees of freedom of massless elementary fields in the bag, and on whether those fields obey Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac, or Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. Hence this model satisfies the strong bootstrap condition. The case of eight elementary Abelian vector fields is focused on. The thermodynamics of a system of such composite hadrons naively exhibits a maximum temperature ${T}_{0}$. However, due to the finite size of hadrons, many-body effects cause the mass spectrum to have a density-dependent cutoff. A first-order phase transition to a gas of free elementary fields is found at a temperature ${T}_{c}=1.05{T}_{0}$.
Long-range distance measurements in proteins at physiological temperatures using saturation recovery EPR spectroscopy

Site-directed spin labeling in combination with EPR is a powerful method for providing distances on the nm scale in biological systems. The most popular strategy, double electron-electron resonance (DEER), is carried out at cryogenic temperatures (50-80 K) to increase the short spin-spin relaxation time (T2) upon which the technique relies. A challenge is to measure long-range distances (20-60 A) in proteins near physiological temperatures. Toward this goal we are investigating an alternative approach based on the distance-dependent enhancement of spin-lattice relaxation rate (T1(-1)) of a nitroxide spin label by a paramagnetic metal. With a commonly used nitroxide side chain (R1) and Cu(2+), it has been found that interspin distances ≤25 A can be determined in this way (Jun et al. Biochemistry 2006, 45, 11666). Here, the upper limit of the accessible distance is extended to ≈40 A using spin labels with long T1, a high-affinity 5-residue Cu(2+) binding loop inserted into the protein sequence, and pulsed saturation recovery to measure relaxation enhancement. Time-domain Cu(2+) electron paramagnetic resonance, quantum mechanical calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations provide information on the structure and geometry of the Cu(2+) loop and indicate that the metal ion is well-localized in the protein. An important aspect of these studies is that both Cu(2+)/nitroxide DEER at cryogenic temperatures and T1 relaxation measurements at room temperature can be carried out on the same sample, allowing both validation of the relaxation method and assessment of the effect of freezing on protein structure.
Prospects and philosophy for high-density optical recording

In recent years, the commercial impact of optical data storage systems has been displaced by new technologies. Historically, optical data storage displaced older technologies, like consumer magnetic tape, so it is not unexpected that the same fate could pass optical data storage technology into the “retro” domain. In this paper, the basic building blocks of optical data storage are discussed, and limits based on current understanding are presented. Then, conceptual and philosophical arguments are presented to direct intuition toward future possibilities that may provide avenues to develop displacement data storage technology. For example, current understanding puts minimum practical data mark transverse dimensions in the range of 10nm by 10nm, regardless of recording technology. At the conservative assignment of 1 bit per mark area, this mark size equates to about 6,500 Gb/in 2 (10 9 bits per square inch) of surface area. In order to gain the attention of research investment, displacement technologies need to target a 100X improvement in data density or about 1nm by 1nm mark size, with an effective surface data density of over 650,000 Gb/in 2 . Research and engineering mindsets for displacement data storage technologies should address this goal to be considered significant. Otherwise, advancements in known technologies will probably evolve to satisfy demand.
Loop amplitudes for the fermionic string

Abstract We obtain simple formulae for loop amplitudes of the fermionic closed oriented Polyakov string in d = 10, as integrals over moduli and supermoduli space. The integrals over supermoduli may be carried out, leaving an integral over moduli with respect to the Weil-Petersson measure. The integrand consists of Green functions and determinants of laplacians on tensors and spinors.
IP telephony in the enterprise network: comparing operating costs of PSTN and IP network

Today, internet telephony has become a commonplace application in enterprise. Along with the wide acceptance of IP Telephony (IPT) in business, many academics and practices have been mainly focused on internet telephony's technical migration from the existing public-switched telephone network. While there have been a small number of its cost studies in academic literature, they have been for abstract networks, or they have not included the operating costs. This paper compares the network operating costs portion of a traditional telephony network (PSTN) and an IP-based network as a case study. We have found that the operating costs differential between IP and circuit switching is small.
Development of the human breast.

Mammalia are so named based on the presence of the mammary gland in the breast. The mammary gland is an epidermal appendage, derived from the apocrine glands. The human breast consists of the parenchyma and stroma, originating from ectodermal and mesodermal elements, respectively. Development of the human breast is distinctive for several reasons. The human breast houses the mammary gland that produces and delivers milk through development of an extensive tree-like network of branched ducts. It is also characterized by cellular plasticity, with extensive remodeling in adulthood, a factor that increases its susceptibility to carcinogenesis. Also, breast development occurs in distinct stages via complex epithelial–mesenchymal interactions, orchestrated by signaling pathways under the regulation of systemic hormones. Congenital and acquired disorders of the breast often have a basis in development, making its study essential to understanding breast pathology.
Performance indigène et esthétique du théâtre « alternatif » en Afrique francophone : les cas de Werewere Liking et de Tchicaya U’Tamsi

Un trait important du theâtre africain contemporain de langue francaise est la tentative de differents dramaturges de rompre avec la pratique theâtrale inspiree du modele francais, et de creer une tradition qui prend son inspiration des performances indigenes. Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner deux pieces — Le bal de Ndinga de Tchicaya U’Tamsi et Les mains veulent dire de Werewere Liking — afin de mettre en lumiere, et du point de vue de l’esthetique theâtrale et de celui de leur problematique, la figuration de cette pratique « alternative », comme je l’ai denommee, du theâtre.
Efficacy of anti-death receptor 5 (DR5) antibody (TRA-8) against primary human ovarian carcinoma using a novel ex vivo tissue slice model

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of a death receptor 5 (DR5) targeting monoclonal antibody (TRA-8) in primary ovarian cancer specimens utilizing a tissue slice technique that allows for assessment of anti-tumor activity in a three-dimensional ex vivo model. Methods. Nineteen primary ovarian tumor specimens were obtained at the time of cytoreductive surgery and tumor slices were prepared with the Krumdieck tissue slicer. Tumor slices were incubated with TRA-8 for 24 h and a dose–response curve was established for each specimen using non-linear modeling, with IC 50 values used as the parameter of TRA-8 sensitivity. In parallel with ATP viability assays, TRA-8 treated and untreated tumor slices were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis to confirm apoptosis induction. Results. Incubation with 0–1000 ng/ml TRA-8 resulted in a dose response with maximum killing observed at 1000 ng/ml compared to untreated control slices. IC 50 values of 6.0 to >1000 ng/ml were calculated for individual tumor specimens. H&E, IHC, and western blot specimens demonstrated TRA-8-induced cellular death in a dose-dependent fashion via apoptosis and activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9. The apoptosis produced by varying concentrations of TRA-8 was confirmed using the TUNEL technique. Treatment with TRA-8 markedly reduced proliferation in the ovarian cancer cells as measured by expression of Ki-67/SP6. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that targeting DR5 with TRA-8 decreases cellular proliferation, increases caspase activation, and induces apoptosis in this novel three-dimensional ex vivo model of primary ovarian cancer.
Time series analyses of suspended sediment concentrations at North Inlet, South Carolina

Daily water samples have been collected at three stations in the North Inlet (South Carolina) marshestuary system since February 1981 as part of the NSF Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) project. As a result of this sampling regime, nearly continuous time series of inorganic and organic suspended sediment, particulate organic carbon (POC), Secchi disk, salinity, and water temperature are now available. Power spectrum analysis of these data reveals that most of the explainable variance in the inorganic suspended sediment, POC, and Secchi disk data is related to a yearly cycle that is strongly coherent with water temperature such that high turbidity is associated with high water temperature. Only a small fraction of the explainable variance is associated with frequencies that can be related to the semidiurnal tide. Simple correlation analysis also indicates that turbidity is more closely associated with water temperature than with tide height or salinity. The ratio of POC to inorganic suspended sediment shows no discernible power spectra peaks and is weakly, but inversely, correlated with temperature. From these results we hypothesize that temperature-regulated bioturbation is the main factor controlling turbidity variations in the system. The lack of a strong inverse correlation between turbidity and salinity suggests that river runoff has little immediate impact on the suspended sediment of nearshore coastal waters in systems similar to North Inlet.
Effect of Administration of Oxytocin During Diestrus on Corpus Luteum Function and Endometrial Oxytocin Receptor Concentration in Cycling Mares

Abstract The objectives of this study were to (1) compare the effect of twice versus once daily administration of oxytocin on days 7-14 after ovulation on the duration of corpus luteum (CL) function and (2) determine the effect of oxytocin treatment on endometrial oxytocin receptor concentration in mares. In experiment 1, mares were randomly assigned to three groups on day 7: (1) untreated control group (n = 7), (2) twice daily oxytocin treatment group (n = 7), and (3) once daily oxytocin treatment group (n = 8). Oxytocin-treated mares received 60 U of oxytocin intramuscularly (IM) the respective number of times each day on days 7 through 14. One of seven control mares (14%), five of seven (71%) twice daily oxytocin-treated mares, and five of eight (63%) once daily oxytocin-treated mares had prolonged CL function. There was no significant difference in the proportion of mares with prolonged CL function between the two oxytocin-treated groups, and collectively, oxytocin treatment increased ( P P > .1) between control and oxytocin-treated mares (1,465.7 ± 108 and 1,382.8 ± 108 fmol/mg protein [mean ± standard error of mean], respectively).
Radial segregation patterns in rotating granular mixtures: waviness selection.

We model the radial segregation patterns that form in a thin rotating drum partially filled with beads of two sizes. We predict that the waviness (or amplitude-to-wavelength ratio, denoted $w$) of a pattern should be subjected to low-pass filtering with a cutoff waviness ${w}_{c}$ that depends strongly on the fill level of the drum. Then we perform experiments and find that $w\ensuremath{\le}{w}_{c}$ for all patterns, in accord with our prediction. We also find that $w={w}_{c}$ for (and only for) steady patterns, and conclude that the waviness of a steady pattern is selected by the low-pass filtering.
Compactification of the Chern-Simons term

Compactifications of Chern-Simons topological Lagrangians are discussed using tori and twisted boundary conditions for the gauge fields.
Mechanism-based inactivation of prostatic acid phosphatase

Protein phosphatases play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and metabolism, yet little is known about their enzymatic mechanism. By extrapolation from data on inhibitors of other types of hydrolases, an inhibitor of prostatic acid phosphatase was designed that is likely to function as a mechanism-based phosphotyrosine phosphatase inactivator. This molecule, 4-(fluoromethyl)phenyl phosphate, represents a useful paradigm for the design of potent and specific phosphatase inhibitors.
Synthesis of 4‐vinylbiphenyl–isoprene block copolymers and their characterization by gel‐permeation chromatography

4-Vinylbiphenyl–isoprene ABA block copolymers were prepared by initiating 4-vinylbiphenyl with n-butyllithium in benzene, adding isoprene, and coupling the resulting AB anion with phosgene. Preliminary coupling experiments with a polyisoprene anion have shown that virtually quantitative coupling could be achieved provided the phosgene was added extremely slowly. The block copolymers could be quantitatively analyzed by gel-permeation chromatography from a knowledge of the ratio of the refractive index increments of the two homopolymers and the overall composition.
Finite strain stress fields near the tip of an interface crack between a soft incompressible elastic material and a rigid substrate

We present a numerical study of finite strain stress fields near the tip of an interface crack between a rigid substrate and an incompressible hyperelastic solid using the finite element method (FEM). The finite element (FE) simulations make use of a remeshing scheme to overcome mesh distortion. Analyses are carried out by assuming that the crack tip is either pinned, i.e., the elastic material is perfectly bonded (no slip) to the rigid substrate, or the crack lies on a frictionless interface. We focus on a material which hardens exponentially. To explore the effect of geometric constraint on the near tip stress fields, simulations are carried out under plane stress and plane strain conditions. For both the frictionless interface and the pinned crack under plane stress deformation, we found that the true stress field directly ahead of the crack tip is dominated by the normal opening stress and the crack face opens up smoothly. This is also true for an interface crack along a frictionless boundary in plane strain deformation. However, for a pinned interface crack under plane strain deformation, the true opening normal stress is found to be lower than the shear stress and the transverse normal stress. Also, the crack opening profile for a pinned crack under plane strain deformation is completely different from those seen in plane stress and in plane strain (frictionless interface). The crack face flips over and the tip angle is almost tangential to the interface. Our results suggest that interface friction can play a very important role in interfacial fracture of soft materials on hard substrates.
Anesthetic efficacy of a combination of 0.9 M mannitol plus 68.8 mg of lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks: a prospective randomized, single blind study.

The purpose of this prospective, randomized, single-blind study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine compared to 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol in inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) blocks. Forty subjects randomly received 2 IAN blocks consisting of a 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine and a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine (3.18 mL) plus 0.5 M mannitol (1.82 mL) in 2 separate appointments spaced at least 1 week apart. Mandibular anterior and posterior teeth were blindly electric pulp tested at 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes postinjection. Pain of solution deposition and postoperative pain were also measured. No response from the subject to the maximum output (80 reading) of the pulp tester was used as the criterion for pulpal anesthesia. Total percent pulpal anesthesia was defined as the total of all the times of pulpal anesthesia (80 readings) over the 60 minutes. One hundred percent of the subjects had profound lip numbness with both inferior alveolar nerve blocks. The results demonstrated that a 5 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine plus 0.5 M mannitol was significantly better than the 3.18 mL formulation of 127.2 mg lidocaine with 50 μg epinephrine for all teeth. Solution deposition pain and postoperative pain were not statistically different between the lidocaine/mannitol formulation and the lidocaine formulation without mannitol. We concluded that adding 0.5 M mannitol to a lidocaine with epinephrine formulation was significantly more effective in achieving a greater percentage of total pulpal anesthesia than a lidocaine formulation without mannitol.
Development of a Chromium-free Consumable for Austenitic Stainless Steels: Effect of Dilution and the Behavior of Bead-on-plate Welds

A Ni–10Cu–1Pd alloy was studied as a potential Cr-free consumable for welding austenitic stainless steels. The corrosion behavior of as-cast buttons with this base composition and alloys diluted by Type 304L stainless steel at levels of 4 to 84% were investigated in Cl− solutions. Actual welds, made using a bead-on-plate welding technique, were evaluated using electrochemical testing and in long term crevice corrosion exposure testing. Ni–10Cu–1Pd alloy across the entire dilution range exhibited higher repassivation potential than Type 304L stainless steel in 0.1 M NaCl solution. The repassivation potential was also higher for 0, 25, and 50% dilution levels in aerated solutions with Cl− concentrations of 105–35000 ppm. The breakdown behavior of the bead-on-plate welds was similar to that of conventional welds made with Type 308L filler metal. After 31 d exposure of samples with crevice-formers in 500 and 1000 ppm Cl− solutions, the bead-on-plate weld showed one shallow attack in 1000 ppm Cl−, but the 308L weld was attacked both in 500 and 1000 ppm Cl− with many deep pits.
Facies Patterns and Oil Accumulation in Pennsylvanian of Southern Oklahoma: ABSTRACT

Analysis of the complex facies patterns expressed by Pennsylvanian strata of southern Oklahoma requires identification of regionally extensive, correlatable, stratigraphic units. The writers have been able to extend a correlation network based on recognition of cyclical units which can be grouped into major operational mapping units separated by regional unconformities. The resulting stratigraphic subdivisions, both major and minor, are not those of the formal stratigraphic nomenclature accepted in the area but they do make possible a classification of trapping conditions related to position in the stratigraphic succession. The types are as follows: (1) blanket sands in which facies trapping components are markedly subordinate to structure; (2) discontinuous sand bodies w th traps largely independent of structural axes; differentiation can be made between major sand bodies of greater areal extent than the associated structures, and minor sand bodies significantly smaller than the areas of the structures on which they lie; (3) traps related to unconformities, including channel fills, overlapping strand-line sands associated with marine transgression across major structures, truncation traps sealed by overlying permeability barriers, and secondary accumulations in permeable strata overlying truncated reservoirs; (4) sandstone reservoirs with apparent random distribution and without discernible relationships to facies patterns. Relationships of the trap types enumerated can be demonstrated in terms of position in the stratigraphic succession, time and geography of structural growth, development and character of major unconformities, and other elements of the regional geologic history. The regional study raises a number of questions which are not easily resolved but certain tentative conclusions can be drawn from analysis of regional and local facies patterns. Such questions include: (1) vertical homogeneity of areas either rich or poor in number and thickness of sand bodies; (2) relationship of limestone conglomerate to reservoir and sealing components; (3) diagenetic introduction of carbonate cement in relationship to time of oil accumulation; (4) volumetric proportions of sand and marine shale requisite to significant oil accumulation. End_of_Article - Last_Page 211------------
A rapid sensitive method for the measurement of guanine ribonucleotides in bacterial and environmental extracts.

Abstract A method was devised for the quantitative determination of guanine ribonucleotides (GTP, GDP, and GMP) in extracts of biological materlals. The technique is based upon selective enzymatic hydrolysis of UTP and ATP contained within the cell extracts, followed by a quantitative determination of GTP. GTP is measured using a nucleoside diphosphate kinase-firefly luciferase coupled bioluminescent reaction, during which the GTP is enzymatically coupled to ATP production, resulting in ATP-dependent light emission. The methods are simple and reproducible and extremely sensitive (≤ 10−9 m GTP), and require no preparatory chromatographic separation procedures. Methods are also presented for the enzymatic conversions of GDP and GMP to GTP in addition to the determination of GTP.
Trichloroethylene and Ocular Malformations: Analysis of Extant Literature:

An evaluation of the scientific literature for trichloroethylene (TCE) identified two reports of ocular defects, specifically microphthalmia/anophthalmia, following prenatal TCE exposure in rats. Herein, these reports are analyzed in detail and interpreted within the context of other developmental TCE exposure studies. The ocular findings following prenatal TCE exposure are reported in studies that were not designed specifically for developmental safety assessment, and thus did not use standard experimental practices. Furthermore, these findings most commonly occurred at TCE doses associated with considerable maternal toxicity. Among the 18 published studies using developmental TCE exposures, only 3 used doses sufficiently high enough to result in maternal toxicity, and of these, only the 2 discussed in detail in this paper demonstrated ocular defects in the offspring. Furthermore, statistically significant effects were only observed at doses that were above the currently accepted guideline limit dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight. All other TCE developmental exposure studies failed to demonstrate ocular defects as a result of prenatal exposure. These results suggest that the micro-/anophthalmia findings were likely a consequence of delivery of an extremely high bolus TCE dose that is irrelevant to human environmental exposure scenarios.
Contrasts in cortical magnesium, phospholipid and energy metabolism between migraine syndromes

Background: Previous single voxel 31 P MRS pilot studies of migraine patients have suggested that disordered energy metabolism or Mg 2+ deficiencies may be responsible for hyperexcitability of neuronal tissue in migraine patients. These studies were extended to include multiple brain regions and larger numbers of patients by multislice 31 P MR spectroscopic imaging. Methods: Migraine with aura (MWA), migraine without aura (MwoA), and hemiplegic migraine patients were studied between attacks by 31 P MRS imaging using a 3-T scanner. Results: Results were compared with those in healthy control subjects without headache. In MwoA, consistent increases in phosphodiester concentration [PDE] were measured in most brain regions, with a trend toward increase in [Mg 2+ ] in posterior brain. In MWA, phosphocreatine concentration ([PCr]) was decreased to a minor degree in anterior brain regions and a trend toward decreased [Mg 2+ ] was observed in posterior slice 1, but no consistent changes were found in phosphomonoester concentration [PME], [PDE], inorganic phosphate concentration ([Pi]), or pH. In hemiplegic migraine patients, [PCr] had a tendency to be lower, and [Mg 2+ ] was significantly lower than in the posterior brain regions of control subjects. Trend analysis showed a significant decrease of brain [Mg 2+ ] and [PDE] in posterior brain regions with increasing severity of neurologic symptoms. Conclusions: Overall, the results support no substantial or consistent abnormalities of energy metabolism, but it is hypothesized that disturbances in magnesium ion homeostasis may contribute to brain cortex hyperexcitability and the pathogenesis of migraine syndromes associated with neurologic symptoms. In contrast, migraine patients without a neurologic aura may exhibit compensatory changes in [Mg 2+ ] and membrane phospholipids that counteract cortical excitability.
Bethe-salpeter equation with instantaneous harmonic oscillator exchange

The Bethe--Salpeter equation in the form due to Cung et al. (Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 98 (1976), 516) is investigated for the special case of instantaneous harmonic oscillator exchange. An exact reduction to a pair of coupled ordinary differential equations for the radial excitations of the /sup 3/(J +- 1)/sub J/ modes is achieved. The equations in the mass zero case are brought to a form which is quite close to Whittaker's equation. This similarity to Whittaker's equation is exploited in a computer study of the level structure as a function of the quark mass. This study covers the region from a highly relativistic spectrum depending only upon J to the nonrelativistic regime where the spectrum depends only upon L. An expression for the leptonic width of a /sup 3/S/sub 1/ state in terms of the Bethe--Salpeter wave function is derived and applied to the u-family. The effect of relativistic corrections is to reduce the predicted value of the leptonic width compared to the value calculated by assuming nonrelativistic kinematics. It is also shown that the relativistic treatment allows a /sup 3/D/sub 1/ state to couple directly to a virtual photon.
Long-term outcome of Lyme disease in children given early treatment

Sixty-three patients treated with appropriate antimicrobial therapy between 1985 and 1990 for physician-documented erythema migrans were identified. A telephone interview program 1 to 6 years after the initial episode of Lyme disease revealed that none of the patients had evidence of carditis, arthritis, or neurologic complications attributable to Lyme disease. A new episode of erythema migrans was reported in 7 (11%) of the patients 1 to 4 years after the inital episode.