cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal management of silicon-based multichip modules

Thermal characteristics of silicon-based multichip modules and their associated heat sinks are presented. The structure of the multichip modules allows the heat generated inside a chip to be conducted away to the heat sink through the solder balls between the chips and the silicon substrate. The internal thermal resistances thus depend on the number of solder balls as well as the number of layers of insulators on the chip and the substrate. A thermal test module which has dimensions 59/spl times/59 mm mounted with nine thermal chips has been tested. The module can dissipate about 43 W at a chip temperature rise of 60/spl deg/C when a heat sink with fin height of 25 mm is used at 1 m/s airflow. The heat sink has seven doubly folded fins which are thermally optimized to give the best cooling performance while keeping the lowest pressure drop across the heat sink at a given airflow rate. >
Gestation Age-Related Increase in 50 kDa Rat Uterine Calcium-Independent Phospholipase A2 Expression Influences Uterine Sensitivity to Polychlorinated Biphenyl Stimulation

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes catalyze the ratelimiting step in eicosanoid production by liberating arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. There is limited information regarding the expression pattern and activity of uterine PLA2 enzymes during pregnancy. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent environmental toxicants previously associated with decreased gestation length that are capable of activating PLA2. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether uterine sensitivity to PCB stimulation is dependent on PLA2 expression, comparing rat uterine PLA2 expression in Gestational Day (gd) 10 versus gd20. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the expression of calcium-dependent PLA2G2A and a 50-kDa protein immunoreactive to calciumindependent PLA2G6 antibody in gd20 compared to gd10 rat uterine tissue. The increased expression of the 50-kDa PLA2G6 was associated with a gestational age-related increase in endometrial calcium-independent PLA2 activity that was sensitive to inhibition by bromoenol lactone (P , 0.05). Longitudinal uterine strips isolated from gd10 or gd20 rat were suspended in muscle baths to evaluate uterine contractions following exposure to the ortho substituted congener PCB 50. Exposure to 50 and 100 l MP CB 50 significantly increased the frequency of gd20, but not gd10, uteri compared to solvent (dimethyl sulfoxide) controls (P , 0.05). Pharmacologic inhibition of PLA2G6, but not PLA2G2A, attenuated PCB-induced stimulation of gd20 uterine contractions (P , 0.05). These data suggest that PCB 50 stimulates uterine contractions by activating endometrial PLA2G6. Furthermore, gestation age-related sensitivity to PCB is associated with an increase in the expression of a previously unidentified 50-kDa PLA2G6 in rat uterus. pregnancy, toxicology, uterus
Structural Insights into High Density Lipoprotein: Old Models and New Facts.

The physiological link between circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and cardiovascular disease is well-documented, albeit its intricacies are not well-understood. An improved appreciation of HDL function and overall role in vascular health and disease requires at its foundation a better understanding of the lipoprotein's molecular structure, its formation, and its process of maturation through interactions with various plasma enzymes and cell receptors that intervene along the pathway of reverse cholesterol transport. This review focuses on summarizing recent developments in the field of lipid free apoA-I and HDL structure, with emphasis on new insights revealed by newly published nascent and spherical HDL models constructed by combining low resolution structures obtained from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) with contrast variation and geometrical constraints derived from hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX), crosslinking mass spectrometry, electron microscopy, Forster resonance energy transfer, and electron spin resonance. Recently published low resolution structures of nascent and spherical HDL obtained from SANS with contrast variation and isotopic labeling of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) will be critically reviewed and discussed in terms of how they accommodate existing biophysical structural data from alternative approaches. The new low resolution structures revealed and also provided some answers to long standing questions concerning lipid organization and particle maturation of lipoproteins. The review will discuss the merits of newly proposed SANS based all atom models for nascent and spherical HDL, and compare them with accepted models. Finally, naturally occurring and bioengineered mutations in apoA-I, and their impact on HDL phenotype, are reviewed and discuss together with new therapeutics employed for restoring HDL function.
Relative Contributions of Professional Journals to the Field of Accounting

This study examines the relative contributions of accounting journals to the overall field of accounting. A total of 93 accounting journals were included in the study. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain the perceptions of 176 randomly selected accounting educators. The sample included 68 department heads, (38.6 percent). Rankings were provided based on perceptions of all respondents and based on perceptions of respondents according to seven areas of accounting specialization. The results indicate the widespread recognition of high quality in a number of journals, but also indicate some important differences in perceptions based on areas of specialization. The fairness of comparing diverse journals is problematic; however, from a practical standpoint, such comparisons are made every time a professor's research record is evaluated in annual merit evaluations as well as for promotion, tenure, or other special recognition. The findings should be useful to persons involved in evaluating research and publication records in annual merit evaluations as well as for promotion and tenure decisions. The findings should also be useful to individual educators in planning their research efforts.
The impact of strategic organizational orientations on green supply chain management and firm performance

Purpose – Empirical research provides evidence that green supply chain management (SCM) practices positively impact firm performance. Yet, questions remain regarding how firms configure their organizations and design green practices to achieve improved performance, especially in light of a constantly changing business environment. This research uses the resource-based and strategic choice theories to better understand the antecedent roles of two strategic orientations, supply chain orientation (SCO) and environmental orientation (EO), on both the implementation and outcomes of green SCM practices. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Survey responses from 367 supply chain managers are tested through structural equation modeling. Findings – Findings suggest that a combination of SCO and EO capabilities positively influence the implementation of green SCM practices, and positively impact firm performance. Results also suggest that the capability bundle of SCO, EO, and green ...
Citizen Participation in Community Affairs in Stuttgart, Germany

welfare of one is important for the welfare of the other. In the banks, the members of the board of directors represent powerful economic interests within the community. But the individual bank officers of the senior level actually select their directors, and the latter usually follow the cues of the former. The bankers that have been described, and perhaps all other bankers for that matter, are in a rather unique position in that their power is derived from the community capital entrusted to their care by the public (hypothesis 1). This reservoir of capital is utilized by the bankers in a completely legal way to increase their own personal power, and the power of their organization within the community. Thus, in a sense, a paradox exists: The banker manipulates people and organizations in his community and is very powerful, yet he is, next to the public servant, perhaps the most vulnerable to public opinion. The basis of his power lies in a public trust and that trust can be taken away as easily as it is given.
Retching responses in Caiman sklerops elicited by central nervous stimulation.

Discussion and SummaryIn the present study on Caiman, the lack of retching observed when the dorsal pallium, the hippocampal cortex or the pyriform cortex was electrically stimulated agreed with the observations of Eliasson 5 in which a systematic electrical exploration of the entire cerebral cortex in cat elicited no vomiting. Eliasson also recorded that stimulation of the orbital surface of the cerebrum resulted in gastric motor inhibition while Borison and associates 8 reported that the emetic effect of pilocarpine depended upon the integrity of this part of the frontal cortex. However, vomiting by direct electrical stimulation of the cerebral cortex has not been encountered.
Genetics of Biotypes B and C of the Hessian Fly

The results of a study of the genetic interrelationship between varieties of wheat, Biotypes B and C of the Hessian fly, Mayctiola destructor (Say), and progenies of the hybrids of the 2 biotypes suggested that: (1) the gene for virulence (ability to attack ‘Monon’ wheat) in Biotype B flies and the gene for virulence to ‘Knox 62’ in Biotype C flies are on separate chromosomes. (2) The allele M in Biotype C that causes it to be avirulent to Monon wheat is located near the centromere; the allele K in Biotype B that causes it to be avirulent to Knox 62 is located at a considerable distance from the centromere. (3) During spermatogenesis in the Hessian fly, paternally derived centromeres and the attached chromatin are eliminated. (4) Crossing over occurs in the male Hessian fly prior to elimination of the chromatin.
Acaricide susceptibility in the lone star tick: assay techniques and baseline data.

Of five techniques studied for assaying the biological activity of acaricides against 3-month-old nymphs of Amblyomma americanum (L.) (Food and Agriculture Organization, filter paper dip, filter paper residue, pipet, and teabag), the pipet method provided the best combination of precision and ease of use. This method (test specimens sealed inside a disposable pipet that hat been previously dipped in an acaricide-acetone solution and allowed to dry) was used to establish base-line dosage-mortality data for A. americanum for 14 acaricides. Amitraz, permethrin, chlorpyrifos, and lindane, in that order, were most toxic based on LD90 values. The remaining compounds ranked from most to least toxic were: carbaryl, stirofos. diazinon, coumaphos, dioxathion, phosmet, toxaphene, methoxychlor, ronnel, and malathion.
The five-year evaluation of a mechanical heart valve without anticoagulation in goats.

Two 5-year observations of goats with microporous surfaced Bjork-Shiley Monostrut mitral heart valves without anticoagulation show the important point that one went through four the other two normal pregnancies with delivery of fourteen kids. Furthermore, the local findings on the valves suggest that the porous surface should be used only to invite a thin, endothelialized neointima over a preferably carbon-coated suture ring to continue over the groove and to the adjacent part of the valve flange. The vertical or central part of the ring and the struts, in the control material with a polished surface, have never been the origin of a thrombus and should therefore be polished. (J T horac C ardiovasc S urg 1992;104:22–5)
Tunable plasmonic response of metallic nanoantennna heterodimer arrays modified by atomic-layer deposition

We present a systematic study of tunable, plasmon extinction characteristics of arrays of nanoscale antennas that have potential use as sensors, energy-harvesting devices, catalytic converters, in near-field optical microscopy, and in surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Each device is composed of a palladium triangular-prism antenna and a flat counter-electrode. Arrays of devices are fabricated on silica using electron-beam lithography, followed by atomic-layer deposition of copper. Optical extinction is measured by employing a broadband light source in a confocal, transmission arrangement. We characterize the plasmon resonance behavior by examining the dependence on device length, the gap spacing between the electrodes, material properties, and the device array density, all of which contribute in varying degrees to the measured response. We employ finite-difference time-domain simulations to demonstrate good qualitative agreement between experimental trends and theory and use scanning electron microscopy to correlate plasmonic extinction characteristics with changes in morphology.
ECOLE LIBRE ET LOI FALLOUX

L'idee de la liberte de l'enseignement prive par opposition a un enseignement public remonte en France a la fin du XVIII e siecle. En 1793 s'etablit pour la premiere fois une distinction entre enseignement public et prive dans l'article 300 de la Constitution de l'an III. En 1806 est creee l'Universite d'Etat qui a le monopole de l'enseignement en France. L'enseignement prive est alors aboli. Il faut attendre la Restauration, avec la Loi Guizot de 1833 pour que l'enseignement prive retrouve sa place legitime. En 1848, l'expression d' «enseignement libre» apparait pour la premiere fois. Aujourd'hui, l'enseignement prive occupe une place non negligeable. L'A. compare enseignement prive et public en cette fin de siecle
Algeria: Participating Funds

Following its independence in 1962, Algeria embarked upon a pattern of planned development based on import substitution and the principle of growth through the establishment of a leading sector consisting of state-owned heavy industries. Broad principles of the economic development path chosen by the government during this period were enunciated in the National Charters of Algeria; the Tripoli Charter of 1961, the Charter of Algiers of 1964 and the National Charter of 1976. The chosen growth strategy was based on theories of linkages, and ‘industrializing industries’, popular among development economists in the 19605.1 The private sector at this point was tolerated rather than encouraged and private investment was severely constrained by ceilings on investment size and credit as well as by complex approval procedures. Major existing private industries were gradually nationalized from the period of the first development Plan (1966- 1969). Further nationalizations of remaining private heavy industry, particularly foreign oil companies, continued under the next Plan (1970- 74). With the oil price hike of 1973 government revenues were greatly increased, and much of this was reinvested in the setting up of new industries. Forty five per cent of investment in this Plan was initially allocated to industry, and eventual utilization by the industrial sector was even higher, at 57 per cent. High rates of public investment, especially in industry, continued throughout the following decade.2 As a consequence of these factors, the role of the public sector in industry grew rapidly. Between 1974 and 1983, the private sector’s share in industrial value added fell from 44 to 27 per cent and further to 19 per cent in 1988.
Suicide Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Is Marriage a Protective Factor for Veterans?

Alarming numbers of military veterans end their lives each day which has a profound effect on the military population. This study examines a sample (N = 434) of suicide-exposed (i.e., personally knowing someone who has died by suicide) veterans to determine whether the proportion of individuals who report high impact from suicide exposure and those who have clinically-significant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms is related to marital status. Using Hill’s (Social Casework 49: 139–150, 1958) ABC-X model for conceptualizing the relationships between variables, mean scores for posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly different between groups, and the odds of a married veteran reporting high-impact suicide exposure were 2.19 times lower than the odds of a single veteran reporting high-impact. Likewise, the odds of a veteran with high-impact suicide exposure having clinically-significant posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms were 10.04 times higher than veterans with low-impact suicide exposure. Findings indicate that veterans who are married are less likely to be highly-affected by another individual’s suicide. Thus, marriage is a protective factor for suicide-exposed veterans.
Undergraduate Mathematics Courses Required and Recommended for Admission to Economics PhD Programs in the United States

This note presents a list of mathematics courses, normally taken at the undergraduate level, which are required or recommended as part of the admissions criteria for all economics PhD programs in the United States. The data in this note were gathered through a survey of PhD program directors, retrieval of data from PhD program websites, and personal conversations with PhD program directors in the United States. All of the data were collected during the spring and summer of 2016.
Outcomes of Tracheostomy in Children Requiring Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease.

Outcomes after discharge in children requiring tracheostomy after cardiac surgery have not been fully described. A retrospective, single-center study was performed on all children <18 years of age requiring both tracheostomy and surgery for congenital heart disease from January 2002 to May 2015. Forty-six tracheostomies were placed after surgery and four before. Single-ventricle anatomy was present in 12 (33%) patients. Incidence of tracheostomy after heart surgery increased from 0.8% the first half of the study period to 2% the second half. Median time between cardiac surgery and tracheostomy was 58 days. The most common indication for tracheostomy was multifactorial (30%) followed by airway malacia (22%). Median length to follow-up for survivors was 3.9 years (range 0.4–11.8 years). Survival to hospital discharge was 72%, and intermediate survival was 48%. Survival in those with systemic to pulmonary artery shunts at the time of tracheostomy was 22% compared to 59% for those with biventricular anatomy. Heart failure and multiple indications for tracheostomy were associated with worse outcome. There was no difference in survival for those discharged with a ventilator compared to those that were not. The most common cause of death after discharge was tracheostomy tube dislodgement/obstruction, accounting for 5 of 11 that died. Survival with a tracheostomy after cardiac surgery is poor, and children with systemic to pulmonary artery shunts are at especially high risk of death.
Stepping‐stones across space and time: repeated radiation of Pacific flightless broad‐nosed weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Rhyncogonus)

Aim We examine spatial and temporal patterns of diversification among flightless weevils in the genus Rhyncogonus (Curculionidae: Entiminae), with respect to their passive mode of dispersal by rafting or upon birds and the geological context of Pacific island archipelagos. Location Archipelagos and islands of the Pacific Ocean, especially the South Pacific and Hawaii. Methods Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data were used in Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all available species within the genus Rhyncogonus, plus representatives of other tribes in the subfamily Entiminae. Bayesian inference with molecular and geological calibration points was also used to estimate the age of major lineages of Rhyncogonus and infer the history of colonization. Results The genus Rhyncogonus has colonized all major archipelagos in the central Pacific, with multiple species occurring within nearly all archipelagos. The common ancestors of the genus were present in the central Pacific at least 15 Ma, probably first inhabiting islands now under water. Subsequent colonization and diversification across Oceania shows a pattern that is remarkably consistent with the geology of the region: the weevils, which likely disperse either by rafting on vegetation or on migratory birds, reached each island not long after its appearance. Main conclusions Though flightless, weevils in the genus Rhyncogonus have been remarkably effective at colonizing islands of the Pacific and appear to have colonized more remote islands via a series of less remote archipelagos. Although such a process of dispersal has been predicted, this study provides the first clear demonstration of the role of stepping-stones in the diversification of a lineage with passive dispersal.
Serotonergic Mechanisms Regulating the GI Tract: Experimental Evidence and Therapeutic Relevance

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is best known as a neurotransmitter critical for central nervous system (CNS) development and function. 95% of the body’s serotonin, however, is produced in the intestine where it has been increasingly recognized for its hormonal, autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine actions. This chapter provides the most current knowledge of the critical autocrine and paracrine roles of 5-HT in intestinal motility and inflammation as well as its function as a hormone in osteocyte homeostasis. Therapeutic applications in each of these areas are also discussed.
Soul machine: The invention of the modern mind by George Makari W.W. Norton, New York, 2015; 608, $39.95Political Freud: A history by Eli Zaretsky Columbia University Press, New York, 2015; $25.00

There are two types of history: narrative and analytic. (Actually there are many more variations but stick with me for a moment.) The narrative tells us the story of what happened; the analytic, pr...
Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection

An epidemic of obesity over the past three decades increases the risk of chronic and infectious diseases for adults and children alike. Within the past few years, obesity has been shown to impair the adaptive immune response to infection through alterations in T cell functioning. Growing evidence suggests that perturbations in T cell metabolism drives this stunted immune response, stemming from nutrient, hormone and adipokine dysregulation in the obese. In this review, recent findings in the fields of obesity and T cell mediated immunity demonstrate a unique relationship between altered mechanisms of T cell metabolic homeostasis and plasticity of adaptive immune responses in the obese setting.
Politique et rituel dans la Chine ancienne

Do not start this book by reading the conclusion. You will find there some well-expressed, unobjectionable, but utterly conventional ideas about the nature of ritual and politics, and about the ind...
Food Insecurity Across the Adult Life Span for Persons With Disabilities

Food insecurity is an inability to afford the food necessary for a healthy, active life. Using pooled data from the 2011–2014 National Health Interview Survey, this study compares food insecurity a...
A Streamlined Approach to Antibody Novel Germline Allele Prediction and Validation.

Advancements in high-throughput sequencing and molecular identifier-based error correction have opened the door to antibody repertoire sequencing with single mutation precision, increasing both the breadth and depth of immune response characterization. However, improvements in sequencing technology cannot resolve one key aspect of antibody repertoire sequencing accuracy: the possibility of undocumented novel germline alleles. Somatic hypermutation (SHM) calling requires a reference germline sequence, and the antibody variable region gene alleles collected by the IMGT database, although large in number, are not comprehensive. Mismatches, resulted from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or other genetic variation, between the true germline sequence and the closest IMGT allele can inflate SHM counts, leading to inaccurate antibody repertoire analysis. Here, we developed a streamlined approach to novel allele prediction and validation using bulk PBMC antibody repertoire sequencing data and targeted genomic DNA (gDNA) amplification and sequencing using PBMCs from only 4 ml of blood to quickly and effectively improve the fidelity of antibody repertoire analysis. This approach establishes a framework for comprehensively annotating novel alleles using a small amount of blood sample, which is extremely useful in studying young children’s immune systems.
Time-Varying Modeling of Land Cover Change Dynamics Due to Forest Fires

Seasonal variations in land cover are commonly represented using a constant frequency cosine model with time-varying parameters. As frequency represents the constant annual vegetation growth cycle, the model is not adequate to represent dynamics such as sudden changes in land cover and subsequent regrowth. In this paper, we present a new model to capture time-varying changes in the vegetation growth cycle and detect abrupt changes in land cover due to forest fires. We also design a sequential Monte Carlo estimation approach of the time-varying frequency in the proposed nonlinear model using the particle filter (PF). We further propose a binary hypothesis land cover change detector that is based on a dissimilarity measure between windowed time-series observed during the same month of consecutive years. Experiments show that the PF estimation can detect change with lower delay than the existing approaches. Unsupervised mapping of the fire severity from the model parameter estimates is also developed.
Sex differences in disordered eating and food addiction among college students.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess sex differences and weight status differences in disordered eating behaviors (DEB) and food addiction (FA) along with their co-occurrence among college students. Self-reported demographic and weight information, the Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), and Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) were collected from 965 college students. Participants included 703 (72.8%) female, 720 (74.8%) white, and ranged in age from 18 to 25 years old. Female college students had a significantly higher prevalence of DEB (11.6% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.007, odds ratio (OR) = 2.19) and higher prevalence of FA (12.3% vs. 4.6%, p < 0.0001, OR = 3.04) than male students. The co-occurrence was also significantly higher in female students than in male students (5.4% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.022, OR = 3.03). Male and female obese participants versus healthy weight participants had higher prevalence of DEB (15.1% vs.8.6%, p = 0.047, OR = 1.91) and FA (19.4% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.002, OR = 2.51). Higher prevalence of DEB was positively associated with FA regardless of sex and weight status. The findings indicate higher prevalence of disordered eating in female college students than male students and add to the research on sex differences in food addiction. The co-occurrence of both and association between high prevalence of DEB and FA warrant additional research on the incidence as well as factors that contribute to sex differences. Understanding sex differences and comorbidity regarding DEB and FA is critical for the prevention and treatment of eating related disorders.
Between-Race Differences in Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening Before and After Breast Density Notification Law.

Abstract Guidelines recommend supplemental breast cancer screening for women at increased breast cancer risk; however, the passage of breast density notification laws may lead to supplemental screening that is incongruent with women’s risk. We examined supplemental screening (ie, MRI, ultrasound, or tomosynthesis within 6 months of screening mammogram) among a sample of 2,764 African American (AA) and 691 European American (EA) women with negative or benign screening mammograms for whom we had data from both before and after implementation of breast density notification laws in the state of Michigan. Results indicated a 5-fold increase (from 0.14% to 0.7% of women) in supplemental screening among screen-negative women after passage of the law, driven in large part by an increase in supplemental screening among AA women. Breast density was more predictive of supplemental screening and had a marginally greater explanatory role in between-race differences in supplemental screening after passage of the law. Subgroup analyses (n = 250) indicated that whereas 5-year breast cancer risk was positively associated with supplemental screening before the law and negatively associated after the law for EA women, 5-year risk was not associated with supplemental screening either before or after passage of the law for AA women. Our findings suggest that whereas passage of the breast density notification laws may have motivated supplemental screening among AA women in particular, it lessened the consideration of breast cancer risk in supplemental screening decision making.
Team performance in space crews: Houston, we have a teamwork problem

Abstract Space crews venturing beyond low Earth orbit will experience unprecedented levels of autonomy and unpredictable challenges. Mission success will require effective teamwork. How do teamwork capabilities change over time in isolation and confinement? To explore this question, 4, 4-member crews who participated in the 30-day campaign of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA)'s Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) were observed. Crews endured isolation, confinement, and communication delays. Teamwork capabilities were observed along four critical dimensions: generate (creativity tasks), choose (intellective tasks), negotiate (cognitive conflict tasks), and execute (psychomotor tasks). A battery of team task was administered requiring the crew to generate, to choose, and to negotiate. Execute performance was assessed using NASA's multi-mission space exploration vehicle (MMSEV) task. Team task batteries were performed on Mission Days 11, 16, and 30. Execute performance was assessed on 18 of 30 days. Findings show behavioral team performance (cognitive conflict and psychomotor tasks) increases over time, whereas conceptual team performance (creativity and intellective tasks) declines. Implications of these results were considered for future research and the design of countermeasures that support crew functioning.
Medical Education and the Stigmatization of Mental Illness in the Philippines

A mixed-methods study assessed mental illness stigma within the Philippine medical community. A 43-item survey was completed by three groups: (1) medical students with no prior mental health training (N = 76, 31%), (2) medical students with psychiatric classroom and/or clerkship experience (N = 43, 18%), and (3) graduate physicians (N = 125, 51%). Exploratory factor analysis identified three de-stigmatized factors for comparisons between the three Filipino groups and with medical students from 5 other countries. Surveys were followed by in-depth qualitative interviews (N = 15). The three de-stigmatized factors were as follows: (1) acceptance of social integration of mental health patients, (2) positive personal interactions with people experiencing mental illness, and (3) rejection of supernatural explanations for mental illness. While overall scores among the sample showed highly de-stigmatized attitudes, graduate physicians reported more stigmatized scores than students on social integration and personal socialization (F = 3.45, p = 0.033, F = 4.11, p = 0.018, respectively). Filipino medical students also had less stigmatizing mental health attitudes compared to students from the USA, Brazil, Ghana, Nigeria, and China. Qualitative interviews confirmed low levels of mental health stigma among the Philippine medical community, while acknowledging the persistence of stigma in the general Philippine populace.
The Global Economic Crisis, Economic Distress, and Mental Health in Poland

Whereas it is well-established that socioeconomic conditions impact self-reported mental health in Central and Eastern Europe, it is less well-known how the Global Economic Crisis and changes to specific features of economic security influence mental health outcomes. I use the 2003, 2008 and 2013 waves of the Polish Panel Survey POLPAN to examine the relationship between economic distress, defined as being unable to provide basic necessities for one’s self or family, as well as being unemployed, and two mental health outcomes. I find that, net of other factors, Poles under economic distress reported substantially worse emotional health and greater social isolation. I found that the Global Economic Crisis had a small but not profound effect on mental health, and unemployment had an effect only in 2008. In 2008 and 2013, being unable to provide basic necessities for one’s self or family was strongly associated with worsened mental health, other things equal.
Celebrating 20 years of FOCIS.

This fall, the Federation of Clinical Immunology Societies (FOCIS) will be celebrating its 20th year anniversary, and here, we offer a brief commentary on its accomplishments and our aspirations for its future. As outlined elsewhere in this issue by Ifor Williams, the idea for a new immunology society was hatched in 2001 by our colleagues David Hafler and Garry Fathman who keenly recognized an urgent need to create a new hub for both clinicians and scientists with an interest in immunology and the treatment of immunological diseases. The need for such a reordering was apparent to many clinicians who traditionally have organized themselves by organ systems and their affiliated societies (i.e., endocrinology, oncology, cardiology, neurology, etc.). In many cases, this organizational system led to the isolation and balkanization of physician scientists with a keen interest in diseases associated with the immune system within their clinical societies. The idea was to create a new federation that served as an umbrella to bring together research groups from all areas of clinical medicine using immunology as its central tenet. To date, FOCIS includes 59 member societies from a broad array of perspectives and disciplines that participate in the key activities that FOCIS supports including the annual scientific meeting, educational courses, and a community of centers of excellence. Over the past 20 years, it has become readily apparent that this vision has been a …
Immunology: How the Microbiota Digests Bile to Protect against Viral Infection

Summary In a recent issue of Cell, Winkler et al. provide a comprehensive analysis of how secondary bile acids produced by unique members of the microbiota regulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes via TLR7 and MyD88 signaling to protect from alphavirus dissemination.
Impedance spectroscopy of nanostructured ZnO morphologies

In this study, four nanostructured ZnO morphologies, nanoribbons, nanorods, nanoparticles, and nanoshuttles, were synthesized at annealing temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, and 700 °C. Structural properties were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Optical properties were analyzed by UV–Visible Spectroscopy and Photoluminescence (PL). Electrical transport properties were studied by the Cole–Cole plot technique and electrical resistivity. From the impedance spectroscopy analysis, we extracted the carrier lifetime, the RC time constant, and grain and grain boundary parameters in each morphology. We observed that resistance decreased with increasing temperature in all samples in general, while nanorods, nanoshuttles, and nanoribbons showed well-defined semicircle profiles due to grain and grain boundaries at higher temperatures. From wettability studies, we obtained that surface with ZnO nanoparticles has hydrophobic properties, while nanorods, nanoribbons, and nanoshuttles resulted in a superhydrophobic surface. The optimum ZnO nanomorphology based on impedance studies can be used for developing electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cells.
Beethoven Returns to Bonn: Origins, Belonging and Misuse in Mauricio Kagel’s Ludwig van (1969)

In 1969 West Germany, the country was abuzz with anticipation of the approaching Beethoven bicentennial. That year the composer and experimental filmmaker Mauricio Raul Kagel, born in Argentina to Russian- and German-Jewish parents in 1931 and living in Cologne since 1957, was commissioned by the State to commemorate the momentous occasion. What resulted was a film that surely no West German official had anticipated. Entitled Ludwig van: A Report and strongly inflected by Kagel’s absurdist aesthetic, Kagel’s film critiques the fetish object that Beethoven’s music and person had become in twentieth-century West Germany, touching upon, amongst many topics, East German claims of Beethoven’s “misuse” by the West German government, as well as the rise in the 1960s of the theory that Beethoven was Black. While Ludwig van has been recognized for its sendup of bourgeois music culture, it has yet to be analyzed from the perspective of diasporic experience. Simultaneously a love letter to and deconstruction of Beethoven’s cultural legacy, Ludwig van asks its audience to consider the complex diasporic experiences of avant-garde artists in the wake of WWII. Drawing on work by Brigid Cohen, I argue for the centrality of the theme of migration and displacement in Ludwig van. And in reading two central scenes from the film, I consider, in dialogue with Scott Burnham, what light the fifty-one-year-old film’s critique of the fetishization of origins and genealogy might shed on the celebration of Beethoven’s 250th birthday in 2020, and such acts of memorization more generally. [Please note: This article contains embedded video files. These files cannot be played on all PDF readers. Current Musicology recommends Foxit PDF Reader, Adobe Acrobat, or any other PDF reader capable of reading "enriched" media.]
Industry Product Market Competition and Efficiency of Corporate Tax Management

Economic theory suggests that product market competition should enhance firm performance. However, relatively little empirical evidence supports this long-held belief. We use the U.S. corporate tax management setting to test the relationship between product market competition and firm performance. We find that firms in competitive industries manage their taxes more efficiently than their counterparts in non-competitive industries. Specifically, we document that firms in competitive industries exhibit lower effective tax rates than their noncompetitive counterparts. Furthermore, we find that the positive link between competition and tax management efficiency is much stronger for firms with lower cash flow volatility and for firms with fewer industry investment opportunities. Finally, we find that increased regulation and tax enforcement do not weaken the effect of competition on the efficiency of tax management. Further analysis reveals that firms in competitive industries resort mainly to tax planning strategies other than abusive tax sheltering to manage taxes.
Evaluation of a front-of-pack food labeling intervention on a college campus.

Objective: To evaluate the process of implementation and impact of a front-of-pack labeling intervention on purchases of labeled food products. Participants: A convenience sample of 111 college stu...
Comparing the Borich model with the Ranked Discrepancy Model for competency assessment: A novel approach

In 1980, Borich presented a new model that allowed errors in an individual’s judgment of self-proficiency to be offset by considering the perception of a group. The model relied upon the calculation of means for competency items measured with ordinal scales, an approach subject to debate in modern times. The purpose of our study was to explore the use of a novel approach we developed, the Ranked Discrepancy Model (RDM), as an alternative method to the Borich model for determining training needs. Data obtained from an online survey of extension professionals employed by a land-grant university in the United States was used to compare the training needs identified by applying the Borich model with those identified by applying the RDM. A very strong and statistically significant correlation existed between the scores derived from using both models, demonstrating a high level of consistency between models. Researchers conducting competency research should consider adopting the RDM given its suitability for delivering results that closely resemble findings from the Borich model while providing improved rigor in methods and increased detail about training needs.
Compact Monopole Antennas for Ultra Wideband: Designs and Synthesis in the Band of 10-45 GHz

New forms and designs monopole antennas are investigated for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. Circular, triangular, rectangular and new forms antennas are compacts and polarized with a 50 feed offer a low cost and low profile for printed circuit. The proposed antennas have a symmetric and uniplanar geometry and a single microstrip transition. The size is about (35mm x 35mm). The proposed antennas present an ultra-wide bandwidth from 10GHz to 40GHz for (S11<-10dB). Small rectangular holes printed to the proposed antennas are examined. Simulated reflection coefficient curves are provided along with beam pattern and gain. Simulations have been carried out by tow software’s the IE3D from Zeeland and ADS2008 from Agilent.
Pathway for the Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Mammalian Tissues

Fatty acid synthetase of the liver of all of the mammalian species investigated and of the lactating mammary gland shows a pronounced preference for butyryl-CoA over acetyl-CoA as primer in the synthesis of fatty acids from the primer, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. This relative primer specificity, in contrast to that of the enzyme complex isolated from rat adipose or pigeon liver, appears to be related to the presence in the particle-free supernatant of enzymes which are capable of synthesizing butyryl-CoA from acetyl-CoA by the reversal of β oxidation. A high proportion of fatty acid synthesis from acetyl-CoA by the mammalian liver and mammary supernatant, which contained NADH, NADPH and malonyl-CoA, occurred after its initial conversion to butyryl-CoA.
Severe irradiation during odontogenesis. Report of a case.

Abstract Irradiation of susceptible dental structures during their period of development may result in complete anodontia, hypodontia, microdontia, dwarfing of roots, and premature completion of calcification resulting in enamel hypoplasia.
Particle Impact Phenomena

The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Scattering from a Coulomb Potential 3 Electron Impact 3.1 Interaction Mechanisms 3.1.1 Collisions with Electrons in the Solid 3.1.2 Scattering from the Lattice 3.1.3 Bremsstrahlung 3.2 Phenomena 3.2.1 Plasmons 3.2.2 Radiative Transitions 3.2.3 Auger Processes 3.2.4 Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions (DIET) 3.2.5 Secondary Electron Emission 3.3 Applications 3.3.1 Scattered-Beam Electrons 3.3.2 Electrons from the Target 3.3.3 Fluorescence Measurements 4 Ion Impact 4.1 Interaction Mechanisms 4.1.1 Elastic Collisions with Target Atoms 4.1.2 Collisions with Electrons in the Solid 4.2 Phenomena 4.2.1 Depth Dependence of Backscattering 4.2.2 Sputtering 4.2.3 Channeling 4.2.4 Damage and amorphization 4.2.5 Electronic Excitations 4.3 Applications 4.3.1 Measuring Beam Particles 4.3.2 Recoil Target Atoms 4.3.3 Fluorescence Measurements 5 Photon Impact 5.1 Interaction Mechanisms 5.1.1 Electronic Absorption 5.1.2 Nuclear Scattering 5.1.3 Coupling to Vibrational and Rotational Modes 5.2 Phenomena 5.2.1 Photoelectric Effect 5.2.2 Compton Scattering 5.2.3 Raman Scattering 5.2.4 Two-Phonon Absorption 5.2.5 Resonant Bond Breaking 5.2.6 Laser Ablation 5.2.7 Exciton Creation 5.2.8 Pockels and Kerr Effects 5.2.9 Coherent Phonon Generation 5.2.10 Sum Frequency Generation 5.3 Applications 5.3.1 Scattered or Absorbed Incident Light 5.3.2 Electrons from the Target 5.3.3 Measuring Scattered Light 5.3.4 Mode Locking Lasers 6 Neutron Impact 6.1 Interaction Mechanisms 6.1.1 Scattering from Target Nuclei 6.1.2 Elastic Scattering from a Lattice 6.1.3 Neutron Activation 6.2 Neutron-Bombardment Phenomena 6.2.1 Phonon Emission and Absorption 6.2.2 Decay-Product Energy Loss 6.3 Applications 6.3.1 Elastic Scattering 6.3.2 Inelastic Scattering 6.3.3 Reaction Products 6.3.4 Spallation 7 Conclusion Keywords: Rutherford backscattering; particle beams; Coulomb potential; dipole matrix; photon irradiation; plasmons; lattice vectors
The ortho-dehydrophenoxy anion : an unusual ion formed from a surprising reaction

Abstract The conjugate bases of fluorobenzene and methoxybenzene react with nitrous oxide to afford the dehydrophenoxy anion (C 6 H 3 O − ). The mechanism for the formation of this novel ion has been explored as has some if its reactivity. In general, the reactions of C 6 H 3 O − proceed via proton transfer, addition of the newly formed anion to the benzyne triple bond, and subsequent fragmentation. Acidities of the different ring positions in methoxybenzene are also reported.
Linear Location of Acoustic Emission Sources with a Single Channel Distributed Sensor

In this paper, distributed sensors are evaluated for structural health monitoring. A distributed sensor is formed by electrically connecting a number of acoustic emission sensor nodes in series. The individual nodes are placed at strategic locations on the structure. This arrangement allows the detection of acoustic emissions occurring at multiple regions of the structure using a single monitoring channel, and hence significantly reduces the cost, complexity, and weight of on-board instrumentation. The performance of the distributed sensor is compared against that of conventional single node sensors on a fiberglass bar and on a graphite epoxy sandwich panel using simulated acoustic emission signals. These comparisons indicate that a single distributed sensor can monitor large areas of the structure without degrading the signal amplitude or the frequency bandwidth. A new analysis procedure to determine the location of the acoustic emission source from this single channel data is also introduced. Experiments performed on a steel bar indicate that reasonable accuracy can be achieved in locating the acoustic emission sources along a line segment just using the single channel data from the distributed sensor.
Simultaneous contralateral renal transitional cell carcinoma and renal carcinoma. Case report of eight-year survival.

Abstract This is the third reported case of simultaneous contralateral renal transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. The patient is an eight-year survivor with no evidence of metastases from simultaneous contralateral renal transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. General methods of management are discussed.
Surface-mediated synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of tantalum clusters on silica

Tantalum clusters were synthesized on the surface of porous silica by treatment of adsorbed Ta(CH2Ph)5 in H2 at temperatures in the range of 523−723 K. The surface species were characterized by UV−...
In vitro maturation

Key content In vitro maturation is an alternative to in vitro fertilisation for young women with polycystic ovary syndrome and young ovulatory women. In vitro maturation accomplishes the maturation of immature oocytes in the laboratory, thus minimising or avoiding gonadotrophin stimulation and the associated cost, side-effects and risks. Pregnancy rates are lower with in vitro maturation than with in vitro fertilisation. Learning objectives To define appropriate candidates for in vitro maturation. To review variations in protocols and laboratory aspects of in vitro maturation and the rationale for these variations. To highlight outcome data from in vitro maturation cycles. Ethical issues Infertile couples must consider both the risks and benefits of in vitro maturation and make an informed decision regarding their treatment options. Further long-term outcome data regarding the health of children born through in vitro maturation is necessary.
Metabolism of chlorobiphenyls in soil.

This study was carried out to compare the metabolism of selected chlorobiphenyls in soil. Radiolabeled compounds and closed incubation systems were used to determine complete carbon balances.