cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermochemical studies of hydrated manganese dications, Mn2+(H2O) (x = 4–9), using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract The experimental hydration energies of Mn2+(H2O)x complexes, where x = 4–9, are determined by threshold collision-induced dissociation (TCID) with Xe using a guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometer, coupled with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The ESI source naturally produces intense beams of the x = 7–9 complexes, but smaller complexes, x = 4–6, can be formed using an in-source fragmentation technique. For all systems, the dominant fragmentation processes observed are sequential loss of water ligands, but at x = 4 and 5, charge separation (CS) reactions are observed where formation of singularly charged species becomes competitive. Kinetic energy-dependent cross sections are obtained and analyzed to yield 0 K bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for the losses of one and two water ligands, which are then converted to 298 K binding enthalpies and Gibbs energies. Barrier heights for three different CS reactions are also determined. These thermodynamic results are compared with values obtained theoretically, with reasonable agreement being achieved. Theoretical geometry and single-point energy calculations are performed at B3LYP, B3P86, M06, and MP2(full) levels of theory.
Data Work and Decision Making in Emergency Medical Services: A Distributed Cognition Perspective

Emergency medical services (EMS) teams are first responders providing urgent medical care to severely ill or injured patients in the field. Despite their criticality, EMS work is one of the very few medical domains with limited technical support. This paper describes a study conducted to examine technology opportunities for supporting EMS data work and decision-making. We transcribed and analyzed 25 simulation videos. Using the distributed cognition framework, we examined EMS teams' work practices that support information acquisition and sharing. Our results showed that EMS teams leveraged various mechanisms (e.g., verbal communication and external cognitive aids) to distribute cognitive labor in managing, collecting, and using patient data. However, we observed a set of prominent challenges in EMS data work, including lack of detailed documentation in real time, situation recall issues, situation awareness problems, and challenges in decision making and communication. Based on the results, we discuss implications for technology opportunities to support rapid information acquisition, integration, and sharing in time-critical, high-risk medical settings.
Focus: Gamelan Music of Indonesia

Contents List of Figures List of Musical Examples on Compact Disc Series Foreword, Michael B. Bakan Preface PART ONE: Music and Southeast Asian History Chapter 1: Southeast Asian Musical Processes Southeast Asia Ecology, Culture, and Music Southeast Asian Musical Processes Ostinato and Simultaneous Variation Reciprocity and Interlocking Parts Southeast Asian Musical Processes in Toba Batak Gondang Music Gong Cycles Melody and Simultaneous Variation Drumming Other Sumatran Gong Ensemble Music Chapter 2: Music and Culture in Southeast Asia Musical Processes in Social Class, Rituals and Politics Khmer Court Music Cambodian Court Music Thai Court Music Contexts for Music-Making Ritual Dance and Theatre Martial Arts Entertainment Musical Contexts: Two Case Studies Maguindanao Kulintang Music Thai and Cambodian "Classical" Music in the Modern World Summary PART TWO: Gamelan Music in Java and Bali Chapter 3: Gamelan in Cirebon Introduction to Indonesia Historical Sketch Origins of Gamelan Java's Islamic North Coast Gamelan Sekaten Gamelan Instruments Knobbed Gong (Pencon) Instruments Slab Key (Wilahan) Instruments Tuning Systems Javanese Tuning Systems Music in Cirebon Gamelan Sekaten in Cirebon Music in Cirebon Today Village Gamelan Topeng Chapter 4: Gamelan in Central Java, Eastern Java, and Bali Central Java Colotomic Parts Central Javanese Forms Abstracted Melody Layer Javanese Tuning Systems Revisited Elaborated Melody Layer Bonang Gender Vocal Parts Other Elaborating Instruments Drumming Modern Influences in Central Javanese Gamelan Music Eastern Java Bali Old Period: Gong Luang Middle Period New Period: Gong Kebyar Gamelan in the West Indonesian National Music PART THREE: Focusing In--Identity, Authenticity, and Tradition in Sundanese Music and Dance Chapter 5: Gamelan in West Java Sundanese History and Music Archaic Gamelan Ensembles Music for Dance and Theater: Gamelan Salendro Gamelan History Sundanese Gamelan Tuning Musical Terminology Learning to Play Gamelan Gamelan Salendro Instrumentation Musical Organization Colotomic Layer Core Melody Elaboration Musical Forms Gamelan Style Chapter 6: Sundanese Gamelan Degung From Aristocratic Courts to Urban Popular Music Lagu Klasik Modern Degung Gamelan in Modern Sundanese Life Summary Chapter 7: Identity, Authenticity, and Tradition in Sundanese Dance Music Village Ceremonial Dance: Ketuk Tilu Animating Dancers with Drumming Sundanese Drums Walking Patterns--Mincid Drumming in Ketuk Tilu Aristocratic Men's Dancing: Tayuban Modern Men's Dancing Bajidoran Jaipongan Jaipongan as "Tradition" Dangdut as "Traditional" Music Chapter 8: Music and the Future Musical Processes and Layers of Influence Layers Musical Change and "Tradition" New Meanings for Old Music Old Meansing for New Music Global and Local Meanings Glossary Additional Resources Further Reading Further Listening Further Viewing Further Web-Surfing Listening Guide Appendix: Ensemble Instrumentation References Cited
Using Blogs for Better Student Writing Outcomes

This article explores the application of on-line blogs in a traditional classroom environment to achieve better student writing and analysis outcomes. The blogging platform is ideally suited for approaching a subject of study from multiple perspectives, and when used well, writers can easily incorporate combinations of concepts, theories, methods, as well as modes of communication in their work. Students demonstrated the ability to apply concepts in new contexts, to analyze, to synthesize ideas from disparate sources and source types, and to evaluate the quality of the ideas presented to them as well as the quality of the music studied. Students illustrated their work with visual art, embedded audio and visual examples, and were publicly connecting a traditionally esoteric arts practice to a broader community. The fact that blogs are immediately available upon completion enables the professor to use a “just in time” teaching strategy, pulling out particularly great content for class discussion. Examples of students’ writing and responses from a post-course survey demonstrate specific educational outcomes. Studies from writing and curriculum development pedagogues corroborate the author’s classroom experiences with student blogging.
Interleaving planning and robot execution for asynchronous user requests

This paper describes ROGUE, an integrated planning and executing robotic agent. ROGUE is designed to be a roving office gopher unit, doing tasks such as picking up & delivering mail and returning & picking up library books, in a setup where users can post tasks for the robot to do. We have been working towards the goal of building a completely autonomous agent which can learn from its experiences and improve upon its own behaviour with time. This paper describes what we have achieved to-date: (1) a system that can generate and execute plans for multiple interacting goals which arrive asynchronously and whose task structure is not known a priori, interrupting and suspending tasks when necessary, and (2) a system which can compensate for minor problems in its domain knowledge, monitoring execution to determine when actions did not achieve expected results, and re-planning to correct failures.
Lamin-associated proteins.

Publisher Summary Several proteins have been shown to interact with lamins including not only integral proteins of the inner nuclear membrane, but also several nucleoplasmic proteins including some transcription factors. This chapter provides an overview of the nuclear envelope and lamina, lamina-associated polypeptides, methods for the purification of lamin fraction from rat liver, immunofluorescence microscopy studies of lamin-associated proteins, and photobleaching studies of integral, lamin-associated proteins. It focuses primarily on the transmembrane proteins that are associated with lamins. Working with genetically easily modified organisms, such as Drosophila and C. elegans , may help determine some of the functions of the lamins and their associated proteins. The identification of the diseases caused by mutations in these proteins may also help explain their functions. With the number of nuclear envelope proteins increasing rapidly because of progress in the field of proteomics, various methods discussed in the chapter are important to verify lamin association with newly identified proteins.
Is learning by reading a book better than watching a movie? A computational analysis of semantic concept network growth during text and multimedia comprehension

In this paper we present a study that compares the semantic networks of text comprehension and multimedia comprehension. This comparison is based on the concept learning (CL) model of comprehension. The model, much like artificial neural networks models, mimics the comprehension processes of the human brain. We conducted a human study for the purpose of revealing the semantic variations in comprehending text and comprehending audio-video multimedia. Each participant in the study created a concept semantic network of what they understand, and these networks were processed by the CL-model. The parameters of the CL-model give us insights into the collective learning of the two groups as well as personal performance of each individual. The model metrics are analyzed to reveal quantitative and qualitative differences. The combination of computational modeling of comprehension with semantic networks analysis, makes us able to measure comprehension performance of reader and watchers in a way that was not possible before. Some of the important results that we found indicate that textual media provided easier integration of newly learned concepts with background information. At the same time, we found that recognizing an overwhelming number of concepts is easier with audio-video multimedia. The presented results are important for media creators and educators, as well as artificial intelligence scientists who aim at creating systems that resemble human learning. Similar to the way biology inspired statistical learning algorithms, studying cognitive tasks, such as comprehension, can help us understand human behavior and build systems that imitate human learning.
Artist’s Statement: Emerging Partnership

Artist's Statement for the cover art of IJPS volume 2, issue 1: Emerging Partnership, 2015. Digital image.
Antigenic properties of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from tissue cell cultures and the human genital area.

Abstract Bailey, Jack S. (George Washington University, Washington, D. C.), Harold W. Clark, William R. Felts, Richard C. Fowler, and Thomas McP. Brown. Antigenic properties of pleuropneumonia-like organisms from tissue cell cultures and the human genital area. J. Bacteriol. 82:542–547. 1961.—Antigens were prepared from several tissue culture and human genital strains of pleuropneumonia-like organisms (PPLO) by a method utilizing continuous agitation of the incubating cultures. Antisera were produced in rabbits by intravenous injection of suspensions of these organisms standardized turbidimetrically. The antigenic properties of the selected strains were compared by agglutination techniques supplemented by a test based upon the inhibition of growth of PPLO by specific antisera. The majority of tissue culture strains of PPLO studied, including contaminants from several HeLa cell lines, appeared to be antigenically similar to the human type 1 strains. However, one strain (Sp-1) from a HeLa cell line was found to be related to the human type 2 PPLO.
Application of nonlinear methods for analyzing rate of speech production

This pilot study has examined the rate of repetitive speech production through use of nonlinear methods. Durational measures were obtained from a normal subject who was required to produce a stimulus word in four speaking conditions: normal, controlled-normal, accelerated, and controlled-accelerated. Phase plots and accumulated time series plots were utilized to display intra-subject variability. Attractors were observed in each of the four phase plots and of particular interest was the direction of their shift for the different speaking conditions. The accumulated time series plots also revealed patterns of intra-subject variability across time. In summary, these two forms of nonlinear representation successfully characterized qualitative changes within, and across, the four speaking conditions. The observed spectral distributions and patterns of variability have implications for differentiating normal from abnormal speaking conditions.
Phytoplankton Scales of Variability in the California Current System: 2. Latitudinal Variability

The California Current System encompasses a southward flowing current which is perturbed by ubiquitous mesoscale variability. The extent to which latitudinal patterns of physical variability are reflected in the distribution of biological parameters is poorly known. To investigate the latitudinal distribution of chlorophyll variance, a wavelet analysis is applied to nearly 9 years (October 1997 to July 2006) of 1-km-resolution Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) chlorophyll concentration data at 5-day resolution. Peaks in the latitudinal distribution of chlorophyll variance coincide with features of the coastal topography. Maxima in variance are located offshore of Vancouver Island and downstream of Heceta Bank, Cape Blanco, Point Arena, and possibly Point Conception. An analysis of dominant wavelengths in the chlorophyll data reveals a transfer of energy into smaller scales is generated in the vicinity of the coastal capes. The latitudinal distribution of variance in sea level anomaly corresponds closely to the chlorophyll variance in the nearshore region (<100 km offshore), suggesting that the same processes determine the distribution of both. Farther offshore, there is no correspondence between latitudinal patterns of sea level anomaly and chlorophyll variance. This likely represents a transition from physical to biological control of the phytoplankton distribution.
Abnormal Patterns of Lipoprotein Lipase Release into the Plasma in GPIHBP1-deficient Mice

GPIHBP1-deficient mice (Gpihbp1–/–) exhibit severe chylomicronemia. GPIHBP1 is located within capillaries of muscle and adipose tissue, and expression of GPIHBP1 in Chinese hamster ovary cells confers upon those cells the ability to bind lipoprotein lipase (LPL). However, there has been absolutely no evidence that GPIHBP1 actually interacts with LPL in vivo. Heparin is known to release LPL from its in vivo binding sites, allowing it to enter the plasma. After an injection of heparin, we reasoned that LPL bound to GPIHBP1 in capillaries would be released very quickly, and we hypothesized that the kinetics of LPL entry into the plasma would differ in Gpihbp1–/– and control mice. Indeed, plasma LPL levels peaked very rapidly (within 1 min) after heparin in control mice. In contrast, plasma LPL levels in Gpihbp1–/– mice were much lower 1 min after heparin and increased slowly over 15 min. In keeping with that result, plasma triglycerides fell sharply within 10 min after heparin in wild-type mice, but were negligibly altered in the first 15 min after heparin in Gpihbp1–/– mice. Also, an injection of Intralipid released LPL into the plasma of wild-type mice but was ineffective in releasing LPL in Gpihbp1–/– mice. The observed differences in LPL release cannot be ascribed to different tissue stores of LPL, as LPL mass levels in tissues were similar in Gpihbp1–/– and control mice. The differences in LPL release after intravenous heparin and Intralipid strongly suggest that GPIHBP1 represents an important binding site for LPL in vivo.
Selective hepatic uptake of human β-hexosaminidase A by a specific glycoprotein recognition system on sinusoidal cells

Abstract Intravenously administered 125I-labeled human β-hexosaminidase A (β-N-acetylglucosaminidase; 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.30) was rapidly cleared from the circulation of rats and accumulated in the liver. When hepatic cells were subsequently isolated, the label was recovered from both sinusoidal cells and, to a lesser extent, hepatocytes. Clearance was inhibited by the simultaneous infusion of mannan but not by a galactose-terminated glycoprotein. Studies in vitro, in which 125I-β-hexosaminidase was incubated with isolated hepatic cells, detected no uptake of the labeled ligand by hepatocytes. In contrast, uptake by sinusoidal cells was shown to be temperature dependent and approached saturability. Prior treatment of sinusoidal cells with Pronase resulted in markedly decreased uptake of 125I-β-hexosaminidase by these cells. Mannan and partially deglycosylated glycoproteins bearing terminal nonreducing N-acetylglucosamine or mannose residues were shown to be potent inhibitors of the cellular uptake of 125I-β-hexosaminidase; native orosomucoid and desialylated (galactoseterminated) orosomucoid were not inhibitory. Of six simple sugars tested, including N-acetylglucosamine, only mannose was an effective inhibitor of the cellular uptake of 125I-β-hexosaminidase. The kinetics of uptake of β-hexosaminidase and mannose-terminated orosomucoid by sinusoidal cells were shown to be similar. These findings suggest that the hepatic uptake of the lysosomal glycosidase β-hexosaminidase A is mediated by a receptor on sinusoidal cells which recognizes and binds mannose-terminated glycoproteins.
The prime spectrum of a two-dimensional affine domain

From a distance, the two partially ordered sets spec Z[x] and spec Q[x, y] appear rather similar: They each have a unique minimal element and denumerable sets of elements of heights one and two. Moreover, there are several restrictions placed on the orderings by the fact that both rings are Noetherian. We will show that the partial ordering of spec7/[x] is much simpler than that of specQ[x,y]. In fact, U= spec Z[x] is characterized among countable partially ordered sets by the follow
DNA cross-linking in mammalian cells by pyrrolizidine alkaloids: structure-activity relationships.

Abstract Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are common constituents of many species of flowering plants which posses carcinogenic as well as anticarcinogenic activityin vivo. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are genotoxic in various short-term assays. The mechanisms by which these compounds exert these effects is still unclear. In this study, we characterized the ability of eight bifunctional PAs, with differing stereochemistry and functional groups, to cross-link cellular DNA in cultured bovine kidney epithelial cells. PAs representative of three major structural classes, the macrocycles (seneciphylline, riddelline, retrorsine, senecionine, monocrotaline), the open diesters (heliosupine, latifoline), and pyrrolizidine base (retronecine) were cultured for 2 hr with cells and an external metabolizing system. Every PA induced DNA cross-links which consisted primarily of proteinase-sensitive cross-links (DPC), but also to a smaller extent, DNA interstrand cross-links (ISC). None of the PAs induced detectable amounts of DNA single-strand breaks. The PAs which produced DPC and/or ISC (ranked from most potent to least) were: seneciphylline (DPC > ISC); riddelline (DPC > ISC); retrorsine (DPC > ISC); senecionine (DPC > ISC); heliosupine (DPC > ISC); monocrotaline (ISC = DPC); latifoline (DPC > ISC); and retronecine (ISC > DPC). Although the PAs induced DNA cross-linking to varying degrees, cell viabilities for all treatment groups were >90% as determined by trypan blue dye exclusion. Since the cross-linking ability of these PAs paralleled their ability to inhibit colony formation, cross-link formation may be involved in the biological activity of these compounds. Two structural determinants of biological activity appear to be the presence of both a macrocyclic necic acid ester and an ά,β-unsaturated ester function since the cross-linking ability of seneciphylline, riddelline, retrorsine, and senecionine far exceeded that of monocrotaline, heliosupine, latifoline, and retronecine. In addition, the stereochemical orientation of the ester linkage was found to have no effect on bm logicaI activia .
Deep Venous Thrombosis in Pediatric Patients With Myelomeningocele Undergoing Urologic Reconstruction—Do We Need to Reconsider Prophylaxis?

Abstract Objectives To review a single surgeon’s experience with the development of postoperative deep venous thrombosis after urologic reconstruction in the myelomeningocele population. This complication is rarely reported in this population, despite the multiple risk factors. We reviewed the risk factors for the development of deep venous thrombosis and present options for treatment and prevention of this potentially life-threatening complication. Methods We reviewed a single surgeon’s population of myelomeningocele patients who had undergone urologic reconstruction during a 7-year period. This series was examined retrospectively for the development of deep venous thrombosis and its evaluation and treatment. Results A total of 61 patients with myelomeningocele who had undergone urologic reconstruction during a 7-year period were identified. Of these 61 patients, deep venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 2. The risk factors common in this population were chronic immobility, recent surgery, and infection. Conclusions Deep venous thrombosis is a rarely reported complication after urologic reconstruction in the myelomeningocele population. The preoperative risk factors should be evaluated. Diligent surveillance postoperatively should be maintained. Evaluation and treatment should be prompt to decrease the risk of serious pulmonary complications.
Prophylaxis of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia after Coronary Bypass Surgery with Oral Verapamil: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

This study investigated the efficacy of oral administration of verapamil, started 24 hours after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in reducing the incidence of postoperative supraventricular tachyarrhythmia (SVT). Two hundred patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to receive a one-week course of either a placebo or 80 mg of verapamil every 6 hours. Overall, SVT developed in 23 control and 14 verapamil-treated patients, a 39% reduction in incidence (p less than 0.10). Of the patients who received at least four doses and continued to receive the study drug, 17 in the control and 7 in the verapamil group experienced SVT, a 53% decrease in incidence (p less than 0.06). Atrial fibrillation constituted 34 of the 37 SVT episodes and was associated with a slower ventricular response in the group given verapamil (115 +/- 8 versus 156 +/- 4 beats per minute; p less than 0.001). No evidence was found linking postoperative SVT with the withdrawal of beta-blocking drugs. Adverse effects required that 20 patients in the verapamil and 6 in the placebo group be removed from the study. Hypotension or pulmonary edema or both developed in 13 of the patients receiving verapamil, but in only 1 of the control patients (p less than 0.001). We conclude that although verapamil has potential merit for the prophylaxis of SVT after CABG, its use in this setting is associated with a high incidence of unacceptable hemodynamic side effects.
Gazpacho and summer rash: lexical relationships from temporal patterns of web search queries

In this paper we investigate temporal patterns of web search queries. We carry out several evaluations to analyze the properties of temporal profiles of queries, revealing promising semantic and pragmatic relationships between words. We focus on two applications: query suggestion and query categorization. The former shows a potential for time-series similarity measures to identify specific semantic relatedness between words, which results in state-of-the-art performance in query suggestion while providing complementary information to more traditional distributional similarity measures. The query categorization evaluation suggests that the temporal profile alone is not a strong indicator of broad topical categories.
Toxic and Allergic Reaction to Spider Venom

(1976). Toxic and Allergic Reaction to Spider Venom. Journal of Asthma Research: Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 185-185.
Interorganizational Ethical Conflict within Alliances: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions

ABSTRACT Differences in organizational culture between alliance partners have consistently been shown to negatively affect the performance of strategic alliances. This paper enriches researchers' and managers' understanding of the impact of organizational culture on alliances by considering ways in which the organizational culture of alliance partners may differ from an ethical perspective. The discussion reveals different ways in which alliance partners may differ with respect to each partner's ethical orientation and level of moral development and how ethical differences between alliance partners can impact alliance performance and important relational outcomes. In addition, the paper also suggests that not all types of ethical similarity are beneficial to alliance performance.
The Covariate's Dilemma

An important step in analyzing genetic association study data is deciding whether to adjust for covariates—those variables ancillary to the variants of interest. In particular, when testing for novel associations, should the statistical model also include known genetic or nongenetic covariates that are predictors of the trait (e.g., body mass index when studying type 2 diabetes)? Yes, if the covariates are also correlated with the primary variants but do not mediate their effects, because they may confound the genetic associations. Including them helps control bias and prevent false discoveries (Figure 1a). But the answer is less clear-cut if the covariates are not confounders.
Human Behavior Effects on Cabin Configuration Design Using VacateAir

Factors of Aircraft cabin configuration, passenger/crew characteristics, human behaviors, and fire hazards in fire emergency can independently or interactively affect the evacuation efficiency of the Aircraft Evacuation System. Real experiments and computer evacuation simulations have been conducted to study the effects of cabin configuration and passenger/crew characteristics on evacuation efficiency. However, effects of human behaviors on evacuation efficiency, especially behaviors that have been identified in historical accidents, such as group evacuation and helping disabled, are rarely studied. Using an aircraft evacuation simulation model, VacateAir, this paper studies how critical human behaviors, such as group evacuation by following a leader and helping disabled evacuee, can interact with physical factors, such as fuselage width and seat arrangement, and therefore affect cabin configuration design. Taguchi Design of Experiments is then used to find optimal cabin configuration based on human behavior effects.
Playing through differences: black–white racial logic and interrogating South Asian American identity

Abstract This article examines how South Asian American communities ascribe meaning to the category of ‘race’ while adding their own sensibilities to racial categories of ‘black’ and ‘white’. Drawing upon ethnographic methods, I analyse leisure spaces of basketball to demonstrate how racial formation in the US for non-white ethnic American subjects engages the black–white racial binary while simultaneously critiquing this racial logic. Racial categories provide a lexicon for comprehending South Asian American difference, while South Asian idioms perpetuate racializing discourses.
American Shad Feeding on Spawning Grounds in the St. Johns River, Florida

Abstract We evaluated the feeding habits of American shad Alosa sapidissima on spawning grounds in the St. Johns River, Florida. Feeding intensity in freshwater was generally low but highly variable. The items consumed were mainly pelagic (cyclopoid copepods and woody debris), although benthic (mollusks and sand) and surface (adult insects [Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Odonata]) organisms occurred occasionally. The stomach fullness index varied by location for males, suggesting that ingestion is related to prey availability. Feeding by females also varied by location and continued during final oocyte maturation and active spawning. Egg cannibalism was suggested by the presence of some eggs morphologically similar to American shad eggs in the stomachs of males and females collected when females were running ripe. The results from diel sampling suggested that individuals consumed approximately 1.727 kJ/d in freshwater, which represents only a small fraction of the estimated daily energetic expenditure during ...
Alcohol Consumption and Risk of Death in Male Physicians With Heart Failure

The 5-year risk of death after onset of heart failure (HF) is about 50%. Although previous studies have shown beneficial effects of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption and risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality, it is unclear whether moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of death in subjects with HF. We investigated whether alcohol consumption and type of alcohol preference are associated with the risk of total mortality in 449 US male physicians with prevalent HF. Alcohol consumption was assessed through food frequency questionnaire, and mortality was ascertained through annual follow-up questionnaires and adjudicated by an Endpoint Committee. The mean age of subjects was 75.7 ± 8.2 years with an average follow-up of 7 years. We found evidence of a J-shaped relation between alcohol consumption and mortality (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.00 [reference], 0.85 [0.61 to 1.20], 0.60 [0.40 to 0.88], and 0.71 [0.42 to 1.21] for alcohol intake of none,
Enthalpy-increment measurements from flow calorimetry of CO2 and of {xCO2+(1-x)C2H6} from pressures of 15 MPa to 18 MPa between the temperatures 230 K and 350 K

Abstract Enthalpy increments measured with a flow calorimeter are reported for CO 2 at temperatures from 233.169 K to 358.140 K at pressures near 15 MPa. The reported values agree with literature values within the estimated uncertainties. Results for { x CO 2 +(1- x )C 2 H 6 } are reported for x = 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.74, and 0.90 at temperatures from 230 K to 350 K and at nominal pressures of 15 MPa and 18 MPa.
The development of autonomy in preschool mandarin chinese-speaking children's play narratives

This paper aims to examine to what extent preschool Mandarin Chinese-speaking children can create an autonomous replica play narrative. Twenty-four Taiwanese children, 12 four-year-olds and 12 six-year-olds, participated in this study. The focus of investigation is on the linguistic resources (i.e., temporal and referential devices) the children use to maintain story lines and to mark shifts between types of talk in replica play. Developmental shifts are evident in these children's use of temporal and referential devices to build up a coherent play narrative. The four-year-olds exhibit a great difficulty sustaining their narrative talk, making use of temporal devices, and managing reference in their replica play. The six-year-olds, in comparison, use clearer reference and more temporal and causal connectives, but their ability to achieve autonomy in play narratives is limited. Developmental differences found in this study, in general, accord with crosslinguistic results.
A comparison of MBE- and MOCVD-grown GaInNAs

We have been able to discount three point defects as the factor limiting GaInNAs material quality by comparing samples grown by two different growth techniques. Samples with vastly different concentrations of hydrogen and carbon have very similar properties in terms of deep levels, mobilities, and minority-carrier lifetimes. In addition, growth of hydrogen-free samples and corresponding measurements of vacancies provide strong evidence that gallium vacancies have an effect, but are not a limiting defect.
Synthetic Procedures for Deuterium-Labeled Acetylcholine Perchlorates

Synthetic procedures for selectively deuterated acetyl-choline perchlorates are reported. Acetyl-d3-choline perchlorate (I) was prepared via esterification of acetic acid-d4 with ethylene bromohydrin followed by quaternization of the bromoester with trimethylamine and treatment with perchloric acid. N-(CD3)3-Acetylcholine perchlorate (II) was prepared by quaternization of ethanolamine with methyl-d3 iodide, acetylation with acetic anhydride, and anion exchange using silver perchlorate. Lithium aluminum deuteride-d4 reduction of ethyl bromoacetate gave 1,1-d2-2-bromoethanol (VI), which was esterified with acetic acid followed by quaternization and anion exchange, as for I, to give acetylcholine-1,1-d2 perchlorate (III). A similar sequence was used to prepare acetylcholine-2,2-d2 perchlorate (IV) from 2,2-d2-2-bromoethyl acetate (X).
Positron emission tomography imaging of renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus from renal cell carcinoma.

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma is a hypervascular tumor with a high propensity to invade adjacent renal veins and inferior vena cava. Preoperative cross-sectional imaging is very important to detect the presence and characterize the tumor extension. Magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and Doppler ultrasound have been used with success to assess venous tumor thrombus. Although positron emission tomography (PET) is limited in the evaluation of primary urologic malignancy, this imaging modality may help in oncologic staging. The author presents a case of bilateral renal cell carcinoma with F-18 FDG PET demonstration of right renal vein and inferior vena cava tumor invasion.
Mother's Age at Arrival in the United States and Early Cognitive Development.

Abstract This paper focuses on the cognitive development of young children from diverse backgrounds with a particular focus on ethnic and nativity differences in home environments. Hypotheses are developed addressing the extent to which home environment and parenting practices mediate the relationship between mother's age at arrival and cognitive development in early childhood. Data from the first two waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth cohort are employed. Children whose mothers arrived in the United States at the youngest ages (0–7 years) have similar cognitive scores to children whose mothers are born in the United States once socioeconomic status and family background are considered. Multivariate analyses indicate parenting practices and home environment are associated with cognitive development and act as partial mediators between cognitive scores and mother's age at arrival. Overall, the results highlight the need to consider parental migration experiences and differences in the home environments of children of immigrants in the United States as sources of variation in outcomes for the second-generation.
Characterization of pyridinylimine and pyridinylmethylamine derivatives and their corresponding metal complexes

Abstract Bidentate pyridinylimine (L1-a and L1-b) and pyridinylmethylamine (L2-a and L2-b) derivatives have recently received attention due to their potential use as chemical reagants that can target metal-associated amyloid-β (Aβ) species and modulate metal-induced Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity in vitro and in living cells. Herein, we report the characterization of these bidentate ligands and their corresponding metal complexes by X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods, including UV–Vis spectroscopy (UV–Vis), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Our studies presented how the different structural moieties of ligand frameworks (L1-a, L1-b, L2-a, and L2-b), in addition to effects of metal binding, contribute to variations in structure and chemical environments of the ligands and their corresponding metal complexes.
Charge lifetime measurements at high average current using a K 2 CsSb photocathode inside a dc high voltage photogun

Two ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}\mathrm{CsSb}$ photocathodes were manufactured at Brookhaven National Lab and delivered to Jefferson Lab within a compact vacuum apparatus at pressure $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Torr}$. These photocathodes were evaluated using a dc high voltage photogun biased at voltages up to 200 kV, and illuminated with laser light at wavelengths 440 or 532 nm, to generate dc electron beams at currents up to 20 mA. Some conditions produced exceptionally large photocathode charge lifetimes, without measurable quantum efficiency decay, even from the center of the photocathode where operation using GaAs photocathodes is precluded due to ion bombardment. Under other conditions the charge lifetime was poor due to extensive ion bombardment under severely degraded vacuum conditions, and as a result of localized heating via the laser beam. Following beam delivery, the photocathodes were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope to determine surface morphology.
Effects of training to increase self-monitoring accuracy

We examined the effects of teaching children to monitor and record their attending behavior accurately. On the basis of their low levels of attention to task and agreement with an observer about their attending, we selected four students from a class of 11, all of whom were practicing self-recording. The classroom teacher trained the students to make their judgments about their attention to task correspond with hers. The accuracy training, which was applied according to a multiple baseline (across subjects) design, produced salutary increases in levels of attention to task. But changes in accuracy of the students' self-recording were small and unstable. Although the procedures used in this study produced high levels of reactivity, they do not support the position that accuracy in self-monitoring is required for reactivity.
Carboxymethylated cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral NMR discriminating agents

Abstract Procedures to prepare cyclodextrins with carboxymethyl groups incorporated selectively at the primary (6-position) or secondary (2-position) are described. Complexation properties of the primary and secondary carboxymethylated derivatives of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins are compared to native cyclodextrins and indiscriminately substituted carboxymethylated cyclodextrins, using pheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine as substrates. The stoichiometry of association of these substrates with the α-cyclodextrins is 1:1, whereas with the γ-cyclodextrins, a 2:1 substrate:cyclodextrin complex forms. Data for the β-cyclodextrins suggest that there is a mix of 1:1 and 2:1 substrate–cyclodextrin complexes. The position of the carboxymethyl groups on the cyclodextrin does not appear to alter the geometry of substrate–cyclodextrin association. The effectiveness of the carboxymethylated cyclodextrins as chiral NMR discriminating agents is compared with the native cyclodextrins. In all cases, the indiscriminately substituted α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins are more effective at enantiodistinction with the cationic substrates than native cyclodextrins or the derivatives with carboxymethyl groups at the primary or secondary positions. Among α-, β-, and γ-indiscriminately substituted cyclodextrins, there was no clearly optimal candidate for chiral NMR discrimination studies. The indiscriminately substituted carboxymethyl cyclodextrins are effective water-soluble chiral NMR discrimination reagents for cationic substrates.
Operations management in emergency toxicology.

Dr. Lundberg holds degrees from North Park College in Chicago, Baylor Univ., and the Univ. of Alabama. He received his M.D. from the Medical College of Alabama in 1957. He completed a rotating cfinical internship at Tripler Hospital in Hawaii and a residency in anatomic and clinical pathology at Brooke General Hospital in San Antonio. In 1967, he joined the LAC/USC Medical Center, where he became Assoc. Director of Labs and Pathology and Professor of Pathology. In 1977, he became Professor and Chair of the Dept. o f Pathology at the Univ. of California Davis School o f Medicine. In 1982, he became Vice President of the AMA for Scientific Information, and Editor of JAMA, with editorial responsibility for nine journals. His primary goal at AMA, "'in addition to survival" is to "'re-establish JAMA as the foremost medical scientific periodical in the worM" and to solidify each specialty journal among the respective top journals of their kind.
Turbulent cascade of circulations

Abstract The circulation around any closed loop is a Lagrangian invariant for classical, smooth solutions of the incompressible Euler equations in any number of space dimensions. However, singular solutions relevant to turbulent flows need not preserve the classical integrals of motion. Here we generalize the Kelvin theorem on conservation of circulations to distributional solutions of Euler and give necessary conditions for the anomalous dissipation of circulations. We discuss the important role of Kelvin's theorem in turbulent vortex-stretching dynamics and conjecture a version of the theorem which may apply to suitable singular solutions. To cite this article: G.L. Eyink, C. R. Physique 7 (2006).
Hyperparathyroidism in the elderly.

A survey was made of the records of 40 patients aged 60 or older who were operated on at Boston University Medical Center over a 10-year period for suspected primary hyperparathyroidism. Mild or “asymptomatic” presentation was virtually the rule, with many patients having become accustomed to some degree of decreased well-being. The findings were compared with those in other reviews of the clinical manifestations of hyperparathyroidism, in both general and elderly populations of patients. Issues of screening for mild or asymptomatic disease, especially among the elderly, are discussed.
Herbicidal effects of sulfamethoxazole in Lemna gibba: using p-aminobenzoic acid as a biomarker of effect.

Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is among the most frequently detected antibiotics in the environment, heavily used in both human therapy and agriculture. Like other sulfonamides, SMX disrupts the folate biosynthetic pathway in bacteria, which was recently established as identical to that of plants, raising concerns over nontarget toxicity. Consequently, Lemna gibba was exposed to SMX to evaluate phytotoxic potency and mode of action (MOA) by HPLC-MS/MS measurement of p-aminobenzoic acid (pABA) metabolite levels, a precursor to folate biosynthesis and substrate of the target enzyme dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS). pABA levels were found to increase upon exposure to SMX following an exponential rise to a maxima regression model in a concentration-dependent manner. The EC50 for pABA content was 3.36 μg/L, 20 times lower than that of fresh weight (61.6 μg/L) and 40 times lower than frond number (132 μg/L) responses. These results suggest that, as in bacteria, sulfonamide antibiotics specifically disrupt folate biosynt...
Power and environment aware control of Beowulf clusters

Beowulf clusters are now deployed worldwide, chiefly in support of scientific computing. Beowulf clusters yield high computing performance, yet they also pose several challenges: (1) heat-induced hardware failure makes large scale commodity clusters fail quite frequently and (2) cost effectiveness of the Beowulf cluster is challenged by the fact that it lacks means of adapting its power state according to varying work load. This paper addresses these issues by developing a Power and Environment Awareness Module (PEAM) for a Beowulf cluster. The busty nature of computation load in an academic environment inspired the implementation and analysis of a fixed timeout Dynamic Power Management (DPM) policy. Today it is common that many Beowulf clusters in academic environment are composed of older, recycled nodes that may lack of out-of-band management technologies, thus Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) and Wake-on-LAN (WOL) technology is exploited to control the power state of cluster nodes. A data center environment monitoring system that uses Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology is developed and deployed to realize environment awareness of the cluster. Our PEAM module has been implemented on our cluster at Purdue University, reducing the operational cost and increasing the reliability of the cluster by reducing heat generation and optimizing workload distribution in an environment aware manner.
Importance of wax esters and other lipids in the marine food chain: Phytoplankton and copepods

Wax esters, which function as reserve fuels, account for 25 to 40% of the lipid of the pelagic copepod Calanus helgolandicus (Copepoda, Calanoida). In laboratory experiments with these crustaceans, diatoms (Lauderia borealis, Chaetoceros curvisetus, and Skeletonema costatum) and dinoflagellates (Gymnodinium splendens), which contained no wax esters, were used as food. Changes in the food concentration affected both the amount of lipid and the composition of the wax esters. Since the fatty acids of the triglycerides and wax esters of C. helgolandicus resembled the dietary fatty acid composition, it appeared that copepods incorporated their dietary fatty acids largely unchanged into their wax esters. The polyunsaturated alcohols of the wax esters did not correspond in carbon numbers or degrees of unsaturation to the dietary fatty acids. We postulate two different metabolic pools to explain the origin of these long chain alcohols. The phospholipid fatty acids were not affected by changes in the amount or type of food, probably because of their structural function.
Bridging the gap: Using cyber partnerships to connect with distant schools

Abstract Despite challenges of geographical distance, university‐school partnerships can flourish at a rural Research I institution through utilization of adapted traditional partnership activities and innovative video conference technologies. The 5‐year Collaborative Teacher Education Accountable to Children with High‐needs (CO‐TEACH) Project at Washington State University (WSU) contains many aspects, but at its center are partnerships with 31 high‐need schools. The distance between CO‐TEACH partner schools and WSU, however, requires using creative research and development approaches in order to augment, or at times bypass, traditional on‐site models. This article focuses on the development of an award‐winning cyber (video and e‐mail connections) mentoring project to carry out meaningful university/K‐12 collaborations at a distance. The article considers four critical factors that make the project a success, six barriers to effective implementation, and nine recommendations for project adaptation or repl...
Expanding roles for CD4 + T cells in immunity to viruses

Viral pathogens often induce strong effector CD4(+) T cell responses that are best known for their ability to help B cell and CD8(+) T cell responses. However, recent studies have uncovered additional roles for CD4(+) T cells, some of which are independent of other lymphocytes, and have described previously unappreciated functions for memory CD4(+) T cells in immunity to viruses. Here, we review the full range of antiviral functions of CD4(+) T cells, discussing the activities of these cells in helping other lymphocytes and in inducing innate immune responses, as well as their direct antiviral roles. We suggest that all of these functions of CD4(+) T cells are integrated to provide highly effective immune protection against viral pathogens.