cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 700: Adipocyte-Specific Calpain-2 Deficiency Attenuates Obesity-accelerated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

Background and Objective: Recent clinical studies demonstrated that abdominal adiposity is associated with increased risk of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) development. Calpains are non-lysosomal ...
Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by Oxygen Vacancies-Enriched Cobalt-Doped Black TiO2 Nanotubes for the Removal of Organic Pollutants

Cobalt-mediated activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been widely investigated for the oxidation of organic pollutants. Herein, we employ cobalt-doped Black TiO_2 nanotubes (Co-Black TNT) for the efficient, stable, and reusable activator of PMS for the degradation of organic pollutants. Co-Black TNTs induce the activation of PMS by itself and stabilized oxygen vacancies that enhance the bonding with PMS and provide catalytic active sites for PMS activation. A relatively high electronic conductivity associated with the coexistence of Ti^(4+) and Ti^(3+) in Co-Black TNT enables an efficient electron transfer between PMS and the catalyst. As a result, Co-Black TNT is an effective catalyst for PMS activation, leading to the degradation of selected organic pollutants when compared to other TNTs (TNT, Co-TNT, and Black TNT) and other Co-based materials (Co_3O_4, Co-TiO_2, CoFe_2O_4, and Co_3O_4/rGO). The observed organic compound degradation kinetics are retarded in the presence of methanol and natural organic matter as sulfate radical scavengers. These results demonstrate that sulfate radical is the primary oxidant generated via PMS activation on Co-Black TNT. The strong interaction between Co and TiO_2 through Co–O–Ti bonds and rapid redox cycle of Co^(2+)/Co^(3+) in Co-Black TNT prevents cobalt leaching and enhances catalyst stability over a wide pH range and repetitive uses of the catalyst. Electrode-supported Co-Black TNT facilitates the recovery of the catalyst from the treated water.
Olympic Medal Counts: A Glimpse into Humanistic Aspects of Mathematics.

cipline in which results are always predetermined, exact, and absolutely right or wrong (Borasi, in press). This view of mathematics has some unfortunate implications. First, students may erroneously believe that school mathematics permits no space for creativity, imagination, or personal judgment. Second, they may place an unjustified trust in any position or statement that has been supported with mathematical data as if the use of mathematics guaranteed absolute truth.
Access to clean water and urinary tract infections in Haitian women

OBJECTIVES Access to clean water is a global concern. For women living in developing countries, the lack of clean water increases their risk of bacterial infections, such as a urinary tract infection (UTI). The purpose of this study was to examine if the location of water source has a relationship with the rate of UTIs in women who lived in the Leogâne area of Haiti. DESIGN Descriptive, correlational, retrospective chart review used de-identified data from medical intake flow sheets. SAMPLE A total of 311 medical intake flowsheets with 32.4% of the sample were treated for a UTI. The majority of women were between the ages of 20 and 44 years. RESULTS The youngest group, ages 10-14 years, were more likely (83.3%) to be diagnosed with a UTI (X2 = 7.956, df = 3, p < .05) when compared to the other age groups. The location of water source also had a relationship with UTI, with women who reported using pump water more likely to be treated for a UTI than those who reported using short-well water (X2 = 4.318, df = 1, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Although the study only involved Haitian women, the concepts of access to clean water, reducing bacterial infections such as a UTI, and health promotion are useful for any provider practicing in or going to a developing country.
An Interview with Raphael Koenig and Benny Shaffer: Expanding Normality at the Edges of the Art World in China and Japan

Creative Arts Educ Ther (2019) 5(1):14–24 DOI: 10.15212/CAET/2019/5/3 An Interview with Raphael Koenig and Benny Shaffer: Expanding Normality at the Edges of the Art World in China and Japan Raphael Koenig和Benny Shaffer访谈：在中国和日本的艺术世界边缘扩大常态 Abstract This is an in-depth interview with Raphael Koenig and Benny Shaffer exploring the development, goals, and outcomes of the 2019 exhibition and symposium at the Harvard University Asia entitled Eye Eye Nose Mouth: Art, Disability, and Mental Illness in Nanjing, China and Shiga-Ken, Japan. 摘要 深入访谈拉斐尔•科尼格（Raphael Koenig）和本尼•沙弗（Benny Shaffer），探讨2019年由哈佛大学亚洲中心在中国南京和日本Shiga-Ken举办的名为“眼眼鼻嘴：艺术，残疾和精神疾病”的展览和研讨会的发展、目标和成果。 关键词: 艺术宣传, 耻辱, 残疾, 心理健康, 自学成才, 艺术家, 艺术家, 南京外来艺术工作室, 山中工作室, 郭海平, 山下雅人
Priorities for Rural Lymphoma Survivors: A Qualitative Study

Abstract Background We gathered rural patient perspectives on lymphoma care and unmet needs throughout the treatment course to better understand their attitudes toward treatment and their barriers to participating in clinical research studies. Patients and Methods We conducted 12 individual semi-structured telephone interviews in the spring of 2018 with lymphoma survivors from rural counties in Georgia. Patients were identified by a residential address in counties classified as rural according to the Rural-Urban Commuting Areas codes. Participants were recruited from regional patient education conferences and from current research participants at a university research hospital in Georgia. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis and MAXQDA, version 18.0.8, were used to facilitate a constant comparative coding process during theme development. Results The greatest barrier to care was the travel distance. The participants described difficulty navigating between local clinics and larger cancer centers. The lack of communication between the local and specialized clinics complicated the process, and participants had difficulty contacting or seeking advice from the team at the larger cancer centers. Seeking treatment from specialized clinics farther away introduced additional barriers. Most participants agreed that the use of technology was important for improved communication. Participants described lymphoma etiology, subtype-specific studies, alternative therapies, and quality of life as key research priorities. Conclusion These findings suggest that targeted research and interventions are necessary to address the specific needs of rural patients with and survivors of lymphoma. To address the disparity in health outcomes within rural populations, healthcare professionals and investigators can use these data to engage rural patients in treatment decision-making and research planning.
The effect of an invasive bryozoan on community diversity and structure varies across two locations

Foundation species and invasive species strongly influence community diversity and structure, but typically in different ways. However, when widespread invasive species provide novel habitat within a community, their net effect may depend on both the environment and community composition. Fouling communities in northern and southern California harbors were surveyed to determine whether there was variation between two locations in the percent cover of an invasive bryozoan, Watersipora subtorquata (d’Orbigny, 1852), and its relationship to community diversity and composition in these two environments. Diversity significantly differed between locations and had a location-dependent association with W. subtorquata abundance. Communities were significantly dissimilar between locations, and W. subtorquata abundance had the highest percent contribution to community dissimilarity when compared to other species in the community. These results suggest that invasive species may have both facilitative and inhibitive relationships with species in a community, but that the net balance of these interactions depends on both the environmental and community context.
The conduct of thoracic organ procurement.

Transplantation has become the gold-standard treatment for endstage heart and lung failure. A well-executed procurement process is the cornerstone of a successful transplant program and patient out...
From Knowing to Doing: Integrating Systems-Ready Physician Competencies in the Clerkship Setting

There are increasing calls to graduate physicians with a strong understanding of health systems science (HSS). Many schools have incorporated didactics on health systems science content such as quality improvement, patient safety, or interprofessional education. Creating a systems-ready physician requires more than teaching content in classroom settings. Using Miller’s pyramid of assessment of clinical performance, we have developed strategies to move our learners from the cognitive-based “knows” level to the behavior-based “does” level of understanding of the HSS competencies. Our medical students begin learning HSS in classroom settings. Next, the students apply this knowledge during their core clerkships. This gives them an opportunity to get feedback increasingly from high-fidelity clinical settings. We embedded assessment strategies and tools in the clerkship year to facilitate the demonstration, observation, and assessment of HSS competencies in the setting of our core clerkships. We also have students self-assess their competence in our graduation competencies at the end of each year. Student self-assessment from the beginning of the clerkship year to the end showed significant increases in the HSS competencies. Our clerkship student assessment data from our first cohort suggest that faculty had difficulty observing and assessing some of the competencies unique to health systems science. The clerkships have developed multiple projects and assignments to allow students to demonstrate HSS competencies. Faculty and resident training to prompt, observe, and assess these competencies is ongoing to close the assessment gap. In the area of professionalism, student self-assessment and faculty clinical assessment correlate strongly.
Enhanced WLCSP Reliability for RF Applications

Wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) is a low cost and high performing packaging format suitable for radio frequency (RF) applications where minimized package size and parasitics are critical. But it raises challenges to reliability. This paper reports a reliability study of WLCSP using GLOBALFOUNDRIES’ 45RFSOI technology. Based on comprehensive testing and deep understanding of the failure mechanisms, design optimizations for chip, board and interconnect were implemented. WLCSP reliability was significantly enhanced.
“I Tell Them What I Can Feel and How Far My Legs Can Bend”: Optimizing Sexual Satisfaction for Women With Spina Bifida

Abstract Background There is a high reported rate of sexual dysfunction among women with spina bifida, but little is known about the etiology of this or how sexual satisfaction could be improved. Aim To identify, through the words of women with spina bifida, perceived causes of diminished sexual satisfaction and recommendations to optimize partnered sexual encounters. Methods In this qualitative study, we conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 22 women with spina bifida (median age 26.5 years, range 16–52 years) who have had a romantic partner. Using Grounded Theory, interviews were independently coded by 3 reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Outcomes We identified overlapping themes of issues women experienced during sexual intimacy and strategies they learned to improve sexual encounters. Results 7 salient themes emerged from the data: (i) fear of rejection with resulting difficulty setting boundaries and the risk of coercion; (ii) conflict between spontaneity and self-care in sexual encounters; (iii) worry about incontinence during sex; (iv) trial and error in learning optimal sexual positions; (v) decreased genital sensation; (vi) safety considerations; and (vii) sharing advice with other women with spina bifida. Clinical Implications As sexual satisfaction is influenced by physical features as well as psychological, interpersonal, and sociocultural factors, optimizing sexual satisfaction of women with spina bifida is best managed with a holistic approach utilizing a biopsychosocial model. Strengths & Limitations The sample included women with a diverse range of functional impairments. Women were forthright with their comments and thematic saturation was reached. Recruitment was primarily from a single Midwestern institution, which may have limited sampled perspectives. Conclusion While women with spina bifida encounter challenges during sexual encounters, strategies focused on improving communication with partners and addressing specific physical considerations can potentially enhance their sexual experiences. Streur CS, Schafer CL, Garcia VP, et al. “I Tell Them What I Can Feel and How Far My Legs Can Bend”: Optimizing Sexual Satisfaction for Women With Spina Bifida. J Sex Med 2020;17;1694–1704.
Surveillance imaging in pediatric ependymoma.

BACKGROUND Management of pediatric patients with ependymoma includes posttreatment surveillance imaging to identify asymptomatic recurrences. However, it is unclear whether early detection translates into improved survival. The objective was to determine whether detection of ependymoma relapses on surveillance imaging translates into a survival benefit. PROCEDURE Patients with ependymoma aged <21 years at diagnosis treated in the Nemours' Children's Health System between January 2003 and October 2016 underwent chart review. Relapsed patients' charts were assessed for details of initial therapy, surveillance imaging regimen, details of relapse including detection and therapy, and outcome. Median follow up of the entire cohort was 6.5 years from diagnosis and 3.5 years from relapse. RESULTS Ninety of 198 (45%) patients experienced relapse with 61 (68%) detected by surveillance imaging and 29 (32%) detected based on symptoms. Five-year OS in the surveillance group was 67% (confidence interval [CI] 55-82%, SE 0.1) versus 51% (CI 35-73%, SE 0.19) in the symptoms group (P = .073). From relapse, the 3-year OS in the surveillance group was 62% (CI 50-78%, SE 0.11) versus 55% (CI 39-76%, SE 0.17) in the symptoms group (P = .063) and the 3-year SPFS was 45% (CI 33-61%, SE 0.16) in the surveillance group versus 32% (CI 19-55%, SE 0.27) in the symptoms group (P = .028). CONCLUSION Surveillance imaging may identify recurrences in patients when they are more amenable to salvage therapy, resulting in superior 3-year SPFS, but given limited salvage options for children with recurrent ependymoma, the survival advantage of frequent surveillance imaging in asymptomatic patients remains ambiguous.
Beyond 'Going Dark': The SEC's 13F Proposal And Hedge Fund Activism

The Securities and Exchange Commission recently proposed eliminating quarterly disclosures for 90% of institutional investment managers. According to prominent lawyers, journalists, and industry players, the proposal will bolster hedge fund activists by allowing them to “go dark,” build up positions in companies in secret, and then “ambush” unsuspecting managers who will have no choice but to give in to their demands. This Essay challenges this “going dark” thesis. I argue that it exaggerates the likely effects of the SEC proposal, which may actually reduce the volume of hedge fund activism. I also argue that the “going dark” thesis misses a more significant potential cost of the proposal: reducing the long-term benefits derived from activism.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane

At temperatures near 650°C and residence times ofca. 3 s, the homogeneous oxidative dehydrogenation (OXD) of propane to propylene and ethylene approached oxygen limiting conditions, even when the reactor was filled with quartz chips. The addition of catalysts that are known to be effective in the OXD of ethane slightly increased the reaction rate, but the selectivities at a given conversion level were the same as those that were achieved in the homogeneous reaction.
A fuzzy logic inference processor

A mixed analog-digital fuzzy logic inference engine chip fabricated in an O.8 /spl mu/m CMOS process is described. The interface to the processor behaves like a static RAM, and computation of the fuzzy logic inference is performed between memory locations in parallel by an array of analog charge-domain circuits. Eight inputs and four outputs are provided, and up to 32 rules may be programmed into the chip. The results of the inference over all rules including a center-of-mass defuzzification, may be computed in 2 /spl mu/sec. >
Neural regulation of the endocrine pancreas

The endocrine pancreas is innervated by a rich neural supply that has a potent regulatory effect on islet hormone secretion. The innervation includes sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory afferent, and peptidergic neurons, enteropancreatic neurons, and most recently nitric oxide synthase-containing neurons, all of which contribute to the overall regulation of the endocrine pancreas (Fig. 1). The mechanisms involving the innervation of the islet have been studied extensively in animal models with fewer studies reported on the neural regulation of the human islet. The purpose of this article is to summarize what is presently known about the innervation of the endocrine pancreas, including animal and human studies, and neural regulation of islet hormone secretion.
Persistent trigeminal artery variant. Carotid-anterior inferior cerebellar artery anastomosis.

Two cases of anomalous anterior inferior cerebellar arteries arising directly from the internal carotid artery without a connection to the basilar artery are presented. A review of the literature revealed only nine cases of similar anomalous cerebellar vessels. Embryologically these vessels are postulated to be variants of persistent trigeminal arteries. The importance of recognition of these anomalous arteries before surgery or therapeutic embolization is addressed.
Oviposition behavior of Anagrus nigriventris,an egg parasitoid of beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus

Oviposition behavior of Anagrus nigriventris,a parasitoid of the eggs of the beetleafhopper,Circulifer tenellus, wasdescribed on sugar beet. Ovipositor probes ofrelatively long duration were accompanied by a periodof abdominal vibrations toward the end of the probe. These periods began as high frequency, low amplitudevibrations in the abdomen, and climaxed as a tremblingof the whole body in an up and down direction.Oviposition by the parasitoid was associated with theoccurrence of abdominal vibrations during a probe andwith probe durations ≥50 s; however thepresence/absence of abdominal vibrations during aprobe was considered a more reliable indicator ofoviposition than was a threshold probe duration of 50s. The majority of probes (63% of all probes) were inempty plant tissue, lasted 15 s, and were notassociated with abdominal vibrations. While probeswithout abdominal vibrations at host egg sites (14%of all probes) lasted an average of 48 s, probes withabdominal vibrations at host egg sites (23% of allprobes) lasted an average of 102 s, and all were ≥50s. It is hypothesized that the relative frequency ofthe 3 types of probes could be affected by the degreeof wasp experience, by the level of host cues on thesubstrate, and by the relative importance of ovipositor probing (vs. antennation) in the hostdetection process. Data from the study suggest thatA. nigriventris is able to discriminate againstpreviously attacked host eggs.
Shielding Measurements for 230-MeV Protons

Energetic neutrons, produced as protons interact with matter, dominate the radiation shielding environment for proton accelerators. Because of the scarcity of data describing the shielding required to protect personnel from these neutrons, absorbed dose and dose-equivalent values are measured as a function of depth in a thick concrete shield at neutron emission angles of 0, 22, 45, and 90 deg for 230-MeV protons incident upon stopping-length aluminum, iron, and lead targets. Neutron attenuation lengths vary sharply with angle but are independent of the target material. Comparing results with prior shielding calculations, the High-Energy Transport Code overestimates neutron production and attenuation lengths in the forward direction. Analytical methods compare favorably in the forward direction but overestimate the production and attenuation lengths at large angles. The results presented are useful for determining the shielding requirements for proton radiotherapy facilities and as a benchmark for future calculations.
Streambed exchanges along tributary streams in humid watersheds

[1] Tributary streams flow from the headwaters directly to the main stem in the valley axis and represent an important general stream type with high surface areas to volume and high streambed exchanges along much of their length. These characteristics strongly influence water quantity and quality in tributary streams, as well as the underlying groundwater and, eventually, the main stem. Tributary streams can be described as consisting of upland, central, and distal reaches, each with temporal trends in streambed exchanges unique to their spatial position along the tributary stream. In this work, thermal tracing and hydraulic monitoring reported in earlier works have been analyzed to compare surface-water/groundwater streambed exchange patterns along Fish Creek Wyoming (US), a well-studied tributary stream in a humid watershed. Results of this analysis demonstrate that composite thermal/hydraulic techniques successfully differentiated reach-specific streambed exchanges to distinguish upland, central, and distal reaches along Fish Creek above the Snake River. The upland and central reaches streambed exchanges were primarily vertical and horizontal streambed exchanges normal to general streamflow, while the distal reach streambed exchanges were lower in magnitude and more longitudinal in the same direction as streamflow. Heat-based streambed hydraulic conductivities were highest (and isotropic) for the upland reach and lowest (and strongly anisotropic) for the distal reach, in accordance with general downstream sediment fining approaching a main stem. These distinct reach patterns should show general transfer value, since general tributary streambed exchange patterns are expected to be influenced by proximity to headwaters in the upland reach, by buffering within alluvial fill in the central reach, and by proximity to the main stem in the distal reach.
Modified Kelvin–Thomson equation considering ion-dipole interaction: Comparison with observed ion-clustering enthalpies and entropies

The classical Kelvin–Thomson (CKT) equation does not consider the interaction of condensing molecules with the ions and hence is not able to treat polar and nonpolar molecules differently. The ion-clustering enthalpy and entropy changes predicted by CKT equation for small ions are known to be significantly less negative than those observed. In this paper, we derive a modified Kelvin–Thomson (MKT) equation, which considers the effect of dipole-ion interaction, by taking into account the kinetic energy change of condensing polar ligands as they approach the ions or the extra energy needed for dipole molecules to escape from the ion cluster. The clustering enthalpies and entropies for protonated clusters (H+Ln, with L=H2O, NH3, CH3OH, and C5H5N) are calculated based on MKT equation and compared with experimental data. Our calculations indicate that enthalpy values given by MKT equation are in very good agreement with experimental results for small ions (n⩽5) of all four species investigated. MKT predictions ...
Variability and sequential effects in magnitude production and estimation of auditory intensity

Magnitude production and estimation data from the same subjects are analyzed in three ways. The coefficient of variation of the ratio of successive responses Inumbers in estimation, SPL in production) are compared; both exhibit, as a function of stimulus difference, the V-shaped pattern previously found in estimation data. A multiple regression of responses on the stimulus and on these events of the previous trial exhibit similar patterns, although the effects of the previous trial in production are somewhat less. The correlation between successive responses, averaged over constant stimulus differences, are very large for small differences and about zero for large ones. These somewhat surprisng results for production are examined from the point of view of an intensity attention band hypothesis.
Investigations on renal function during and after intravenous administration of contrast media

Immediately after an infusion pyelography with diatri-iodobenzoate the GFR is reduced to 79.8%±14.9 of the initial value. This reduction of approximately 6 hours p.i. amounted to an average of 91.3%±15. The extent of the reduction is in inverse proportion to the degree of the renal insufficiency.
The LEU1 gene of Ustilago maydis.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the Ustilago maydis LEU1 gene has been determined. It contains a continuous open reading frame predicted to encode a protein of 773 amino acids with a molecular mass of 83 234 Da. The protein is homologous to α-isopropylmalate isomerases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as to other members of a family of structurally related isomerases.
Programmable Calculators and Their Application to Feeding and Management of Dairy Cattle

Abstract The programmable calculator offers high-speed numerical analyses at a relatively low cost. Laborious and complicated calculations in ration formulation and other dairy-management decisions can be simplified greatly. Most dairy producers, however, have neither the time nor background for developing calculator programs. The Iowa State University Cooperative Extension Service has developed a subscription service to supply programs to persons involved in agricultural decisions. Also, the solid-state module has been developed to store programs permanently inside the calculator. The programmable calculator offers an aid in the day-to-day management decisions by agricultural producers, but extension personnel also find it time-saving and a useful educational tool.
A consistent hydrodynamic boundary condition for the lattice Boltzmann method

A hydrodynamic boundary condition is developed to replace the heuristic bounce‐back boundary condition used in the majority of lattice Boltzmann simulations. This boundary condition is applied to the two‐dimensional, steady flow of an incompressible fluid between two parallel plates. Poiseuille flow with stationary plates, and a constant pressure gradient is simulated to machine accuracy over the full range of relaxation times and pressure gradients. A second problem involves a moving upper plate and the injection of fluid normal to the plates. The bounce‐back boundary condition is shown to be an inferior approach for simulating stationary walls, because it actually mimics boundaries that move with a speed that depends on the relaxation time. When using accurate hydrodynamic boundary conditions, the lattice Boltzmann method is shown to exhibit second‐order accuracy.
Prediction of enzyme catalytic sites on protein using a graph kernel method

Structural Genomics projects are producing structural data for proteins at an unprecedented speed. The functions of many of these protein structures are still unknown. To decipher the functions of these proteins and identify functional sites on their structures have become an urgent task. In this study, we developed an innovative graph method to represent protein surface based on how amino acid residues contact with each other. Then, we implemented a shortest-path graph kernel method to measure the similarities between graphs. We tried three variants of the nearest neighbor method to predict enzyme catalytic sites using the similarity measurement given by the shortest-path graph kernel. The prediction methods were evaluated using the leave-one-out cross validation. The methods achieved accuracy as high as 77.1%. We sorted all examples in the order of decreasing prediction scores. The results revealed that the positive examples (catalytic site residues) were associated with higher prediction scores and they were enriched in the region of top 10 percentile. Our results showed that the proposed methods were able to capture the structural similarity between enzyme catalytic sites and would provide a useful tool for catalytic site prediction.
Euphotic zone depth: Its derivation and implication to ocean-color remote sensing

[1] Euphotic zone depth, z1%, reflects the depth where photosynthetic available radiation (PAR) is 1% of its surface value. The value of z1% is a measure of water clarity, which is an important parameter regarding ecosystems. Based on the Case-1 water assumption, z1% can be estimated empirically from the remotely derived concentration of chlorophyll-a ([Chl]), commonly retrieved by employing band ratios of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). Recently, a model based on water’s inherent optical properties (IOPs) has been developed to describe the vertical attenuation of visible solar radiation. Since IOPs can be nearanalytically calculated from Rrs, so too can z1%. In this study, for measurements made over three different regions and at different seasons (z1% were in a range of 4.3–82.0 m with [Chl] ranging from 0.07 to 49.4 mg/m 3 ), z1% calculated from Rrs was compared with z1% from in situ measured PAR profiles. It is found that the z1% values calculated via Rrs-derived IOPs are, on average, within � 14% of the measured values, and similar results were obtained for depths of 10% and 50% of surface PAR. In comparison, however, the error was � 33% when z1% is calculated via Rrs-derived [Chl]. Further, the importance of deriving euphotic zone depth from satellite ocean-color remote sensing is discussed.
Hyperfine Spectrum of Chromium 53 in Al 2 O 3

Electron nuclear double-resonance techniques were used to observe the hyperfine spectrum of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{53}$ in ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. Through analysis of the spectrum at zero degrees a positive value of 48.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 Mc/sec was obtained for the hyperfine coupling constant and -0.85\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04 Mc/sec for the quadrupole coupling constant. From this a value of -0.03 barn was deduced for the quadrupole moment of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{53}$.
Magnetic susceptibility of insulators from first principles

We present an {ital ab} {ital initio} approach for the computation of the magnetic susceptibility {chi} of insulators. The approach is applied to compute {chi} in diamond and in solid neon using density functional theory in the local density approximation, obtaining good agreement with experimental data. In solid neon, we predict an observable dependence of {chi} upon pressure. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Gender and racial/ethnic disparities in the impact of HIV prevention programming in substance abuse treatment.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the capacity of HIV prevention programs offered in substance abuse treatment to reduce HIV-related risk behavior for women and men and for Black, Latino, and White groups. Methods: Prospective data was collected at intake, discharage, and 12 months post-treatment from 1992 to 1997 for the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study with a sample consisting of 3,142 clients from 59 service delivery units: 972 females, 1,870 males, 1,812 Blacks, 486 Latinos, and 844 Whites. Results: Study findings show that receipt of HIV prevention programming as part of substance abuse treatment services resulted in reductions in HIV-related risk behavior for the sample overall and for women as well as men. However, although Blacks received more prevention services than Latinos and Whites, the significant positive effect of HIV services on reduced HIVrisk behavior held only for Whites. Conclusions: Racial/ethnic disparities exist in the capacity for HIV prevention ...
The Sight, Sound, and Global Traffic of Blackness in Blood Diamond

This article explores the representation of Africa in director Edward Zwick’s 2006 film Blood Diamond, examining in particular the ways in which the film’s liberal-humanitarian orientation works to demonize black African communities, nationalisms, and governments while constituting a white and largely American subject as the center of ethical value. The article also examines the film’s account of diamond consumption as a global phenomenon, and considers the ways in which sound and vision operate to devalue black diasporic as well as black continental African subjects. Cet article explore la maniere dont l’Afrique est representee dans le film Blood Diamond du directeur Edward Zwick sorti en 2006, et examine en particulier les roles que joue l’orientation liberale humanitaire du film dans sa diabolisation des communautes noires africaines, des nationalismes et des gouvernements, tout en placant un sujet blanc et largement americain au centre de sa mise en scene d’un discours ethique. L’article examine egalement le compte-rendu du film sur la consommation des diamants comme phenomene mondial et considere les manieres dont le son et l’image sont utilises pour devaluer les personnages africains de la diaspora aussi bien que du continent.
Diminished contribution of ram pressure to Dst during magnetic storms

[1] A statistical determination of the coefficient of the ram pressure term in the Burton et al. equation for Dst has shown that it drops substantially during solar wind conditions that produce magnetic storms. This result is here confirmed and extended. In a separate study based on MHD simulations, the Chapman-Ferraro current system, which transfers the Dst-increasing signal of the ram pressure, has been shown to be replaced by the region 1 current system, which based on geometrical considerations we argue probably makes a smaller contribution to Dst. These two studies suggest that the ram pressure correction to Dst is probably less than that usually assumed during the main phases of magnetic storms. This suggestion is illustrated by an analysis of a storm in which Dst calculated from a kinetic ring current model fits the uncorrected Dst curve better than the pressure-corrected curve at the peak of the main phase. The work presented here illustrates a new approach to the study of storm-time solar wind-magnetosphere coupling.
Self‐esteem and classroom behavior in elementary school children

While many investigators have examined the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement, and between behavior and achievement, there has been little research examining the relationship between self-esteem and classroom behavior. The present study investigated the relationship between self-esteem, using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and classroom behavior, using the Classroom Behavior Rating Scale, with a sample of 54 elementary school children. Results indicate that a significant relationship exists between self-esteem and classroom behavior. The implications of this with regard to teachers' modification of student behaviors are discussed.
Phenomenological Psychological Research as Science

Abstract Part of teaching the descriptive phenomenological psychological method is to assist students in grasping their previously unrecognized assumptions regarding the meaning of “science.” This paper is intended to address a variety of assumptions that are encountered when introducing students to the descriptive phenomenological psychological method pioneered by Giorgi. These assumptions are: 1) That the meaning of “science” is exhausted by empirical science, and therefore qualitative research, even if termed “human science,” is more akin to literature or art than methodical, scientific inquiry; 2) That as a primarily aesthetic, poetic enterprise human scientific psychology need not attempt to achieve a degree of rigor and epistemological clarity analogous (while not equivalent) to that pursued by natural scientists; 3) That “objectivity” is a concept belonging to natural science, and therefore human science ought not to strive for objectivity because this would require “objectivizing” the human being; 4) That qualitative research must always adopt an “interpretive” approach, description being seen as merely a mode of interpretation. These assumptions are responded to from a perspective drawing primarily upon Husserl and Merleau-Ponty, but also upon Eagleton’s analysis of aestheticism.
The research versus teaching debate: Untangling the relationships

Evidence about the compatibility of the teaching and research roles remains inconclusive. In this chapter, the authors present data collected at a Research I institution on the relationship between research productivity and specific instructional practices and faculty-student contact. The findings represent a stringent test of the Complementarity hypothesis.
Effects of citric acid on diseased root surfaces.

The effect of topically applied citric acid on periodontally diseased root surfaces was evaluated using the scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopes. Results with the SEM indicate that acid application had no effect on specimens that had not been root planed. After application to root planed surfaces, however, the acid priduced a fiber-like surface with frequent depressions. TEM observations showed that the acid application produced a four micron wide demineralized zone, which was characterized by exposed collagen fibrils. These fibrils seemed to be continuous between the mineralized and demineralized zones of the root. It appears that the relative success of the citric acid application in periodontal reattachment procedures is realted to the fact that the acid causes exposure of collagen fibrils in the dentin matrix, thus providing a suitable nidus for splicing with new fibrils during the healing process.
A Long View of Lakes

Magnuson, John J., Timothy K. Kratz, and Barbara J. Benson, editors. 2006. Long-term dynamics of lakes in the landscape: long-term ecological research on north temperate lakes. Long-Term Ecological Research Network Series. Oxford University Press, New York. xix + 400 p. $ 74.50, ISBN: 0-19-513690-X (acid-free paper).
Embedded function composition

A low-level graphics processor is assembled from a collection of hardwired functions of screen coordinates embedded directly in the display. Configuration of these functions is controlled by a buffer containing parameters delivered to the processor on-the-fly during display scan. The processor is modular and scalable in keeping with the demands of large, high resolution displays.
Flexible thin-film nanocrystal quantum dot photodetectors on unmodified transparency films

We demonstrated a flexible thin-film CdSe quantum dot (QD) photodetector by sandwiching a piece of QD drop-casted tracing paper between two PEDOT:PSS electrodes printed by a desktop inkjet printer on a transparency film.
Correction of Holloway's (1977) adaptation of the modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state for calculation of the fugacities of molecular species in supercritical fluids of geologic interest

Consideration of constraints imposed on fugacity coefficients by the Gibbs-Duhem equation and those inherent in the Redlich-Kwong equation of state (Redlich and Kwong, 1949) and its modification by de Santis et al. (1974) indicates that Holloway's (1977) adaptation of the Redlich-Kwong equation for calculating fugacity coefficients of molecular species in gas mixtures is in error. Revised calculations using the correct equation lead to much smaller departures from ideality than those generated by Holloway.
REVIEW ARTICLE: THE MOLECULAR ERA OF BLADDER RESEARCH. TRANSGENIC MICE AS EXPERIMENTAL TOOLS IN THE STUDY OF OUTLET OBSTRUCTION

Purpose: To review the crucial role of transgenic mice as experimental tools in the study of outlet obstruction.Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literature for studies that have used mice as models for outlet obstruction.Results: The combination of genetic manipulations and cellular physiology defines state-of-the-art experiments that explore the reciprocal mesenchymal-epithelial interactions that regulate bladder cell mechanisms.Conclusions: The use of transgenic mice in bladder research has provided important data with respect to the molecular signals that drive bladder development, homeostasis, and the response to injury.
Effect of growth condition on enzymes of the citric acid cycle and the glyoxylate cycle in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris

The enzymes of the citric acid and glyoxylate cycles as well as RuBP1 carboxylase were measured in cell-free extracts from Rhodopseudomonas palustris after growth under chemoheterotrophic, photoheterotrophic and photolithotrophic conditions. Although the citric acid cycle was found to be complete under all growth conditions, significant differences in certain enzyme activities occurred as a function of the different energy sources applied. The glyoxylate cycle also was complete under all growth conditions with highest isocitrate lyase activity seen after photoheterotrophic growth on acetate. Photo- and chemoheterotrophic growth on malate reduced the isocitrate lyase. The activity was not repressed further by photolithotrophic growth on thiosulfate. RuBP carboxylase activity, present under photolithotrophic conditions, was repressed by chemoheterotrophic growth but was not decreased by the presence of organic substrates during photoheterotrophic growth.
Enhancement in current density and energy conversion efficiency of 3-dimensional MFC anodes using pre-enriched consortium and continuous supply of electron donors

Using a pre-enriched microbial consortium as the inoculum and continuous supply of carbon source, improvement in performance of a three-dimensional, flow-through MFC anode utilizing ferricyanide cathode was investigated. The power density increased from 170 W/m3 (1800 mW/m2) to 580 W/m3 (6130 mW/m2), when the carbon loading increased from 2.5 g/l-day to 50 g/l-day. The coulombic efficiency (CE) decreased from 90% to 23% with increasing carbon loading. The CEs are among the highest reported for glucose and lactate as the substrate with the maximum current density reaching 15.1 A/m2. This suggests establishment of a very high performance exoelectrogenic microbial consortium at the anode. A maximum energy conversion efficiency of 54% was observed at a loading of 2.5 g/l-day. Biological characterization of the consortium showed presence of Burkholderiales and Rhodocyclales as the dominant members. Imaging of the biofilms revealed thinner biofilms compared to the inoculum MFC, but a 1.9-fold higher power density.
Clinical perspectives of platelet transfusions: defining the optimal dose.

To halt bleeding in patients with severe thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow failure, it is desirable to achieve a post-transfusion blood platelet count of 40 x 10 9 /L by platelet transfusions. Based on calculations of corrected count increments, each 1 x 10 11 platelets transfused will increase the blood platelet count approximately 10 x 10 9 /L per each square meter of patient body surface area. Thus, the post-transfusion blood platelet count will be approximately 20 x 10 9 /L following transfusion of 3 x 10 11 platelets to a 5 foot, 8 inch patient weighing 170 pounds (2.0 m 2 ), who is bleeding because of a pre-transfusion platelet count of 5 x 10 9 /L. The post-transfusion platelet count likely will be even lower in sick patients (sepsis, amphotericin B plus antibiotic therapy, splenomegaly, graft-vs.-host disease, etc.) or if platelets are lost from the unit by leukofiltration before transfusion. Although a dose of 3 x 10 11 platelets is acceptable, in a regulatory sense for product quality, it is inadequate to control bleeding in most thrombocytopenic adult patients. Adjusting dose for body size, bleeding patients with pre-transfusion blood platelet of 120 pounds should receive approximately 6 x 10 11 platelets, those weighing 30 to 120 pounds should receive 3 x 10 11 platelets, and infants weighing <30 pounds (15 kg) should receive 5-10 ml/kg of platelet concentrate.
Fast CAMAC MWPC Readout System

The combination of serial scan of the input buffer, with hierarchical monitoring to permit quantum jumps of the scan over blocks without data, followed by parallel transfer of encoded addresses to CAMAC registers permits transfer rates on the order of a few microseconds per event. The addition of FIFO buffers to the associated CAMAC registers permits the system to operate at its highest instantaneous speed for a few events close together in time, even though that speed is well in excess of the maximum rate of CAMAC transfer.
Measured and theoretical particle size distribution over industrial and rural locations at Milwaukee; April 1976

Abstract Aircraft measurements of particle size distributions during April 1976 in urban and rural air at Milwaukee are discussed. Considerable variation was found according to location, altitude, and meteorological situation, especially atmospheric stability, wind direction, and dew point temperature. Jungean size distribution calculations are compared to the measurements, and are found to be unrepresentative except for the most general study. The Jungean equation is dissected and an ideal curve found to be dN/dlogr = 0.238 φr−3 where N is the number of particles cm−3,φ is the aerosol volume (μ3 cm−3), and r is the midpoint of the radius interval.
How user reviews influence older and younger adults' credibility judgments of online health information

A laboratory study was conducted to explore whether user reviews, a common Web 2.0 feature on healthcare website, would have differential influence on younger and older adults' judgment of information credibility. We found that when credibility cues in user reviews were consistent with those in Website contents, older adults benefited more from this supplementary information than younger adults, which allowed older adults to make better credibility judgments. When credibility cues in user reviews were inconsistent with those in Website contents, older adults were less influenced by the user reviews. Results have important implications on how user reviews may facilitate credibility judgment of online health information by older adults.
Two Modes of Ligand Binding in Maltose-binding Protein ofEscherichia coli: ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDY OF LIGAND-INDUCED GLOBAL CONFORMATIONAL CHANGES BY SITE-DIRECTED SPIN LABELING

Abstract Binding of ligands to the maltose-binding protein (MBP) of Escherichia coli often causes a global conformational change involving the closure of its two lobes. We have introduced a cysteine residue onto each of these lobes by site-directed mutagenesis and modified these residues with spin labels. Using EPR spectroscopy, we examined the changes, caused by the ligand binding, in distance between the two spin labels, hence between the two lobes. The binding of both maltose and maltotetraose induced a considerable closure of the N- and C-terminal lobes of MBP. Little closure occurred upon the binding of maltotetraitol or β-cyclodextrin. Previous study by fluorescence and UV differential absorbance spectroscopy (Hall, J. A., Gehring, K., and Nikaido, H. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 17605–17609) showed that maltose and a large portion of maltotetraose bound to MBP via one mode (R mode or “end-on” mode), which is physiologically active and leads to the subsequent transport of the ligands across the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast, maltotetraitol and β-cyclodextrin bound to MBP via a different mode (B mode or “middle” mode), which is physiologically inactive. The present work suggests that the B mode is nonproductive because ligands binding in this manner prevent the closure of the two domains of MBP, and, as a result, the resulting ligand-MBP complex is incapable of interacting properly with the inner membrane-associated transporter complex.