cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Economic-Reliability Security-Constrained Optimal Dispatch for Microgrids

This paper presents a new security-constrained multiobjective optimal dispatch (SC-MOOD) framework for an economic and reliable operation of microgrids. The framework is developed based on a computationally effective multiobjective optimization technique, Pareto concavity elimination transformation (PaCcET). The new method considers grid steady-state and dynamic constraints while solving the optimal dispatch in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The constraints consist of power balance, voltage magnitude, line flows, power generation, frequency, and voltage transients. The proposed framework finds the most economic operating solutions to not only minimize the generation cost but also minimize the reliability cost. In this paper, the PaCcET is utilized to solve the SC-MOOD. The PaCcET uses an extraordinary transformation to first transfer all the points from a multiobjective space to a transformed objective space. It then solves a linear combination of transformed objectives using a single-objective optimizer to find all the nondominated points of the original multiobjective space. The performance of the new framework is verified using the simulation results in a microgrid with several distributed energy resources in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The results are then compared with two multiobjective optimization techniques, nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II and multiobjective particle swarm optimization, as two well-known benchmarks.
Abstract explanations of strategy in a diagnostic consultation system

This paper presents the explanation system for NEOMYCIN*, a medical consultation program. A consultation program plays the role of an expert to assist a user in solving a problem. An explanation of strategy describes the plan the program is using to reach a solution. Such an explanation is usually concrete, referring to aspects of the current problem situation. Abstract explanations articulate a general principle, which can be applied in different situations; such explanations are useful in teaching and in explaining by analogy. We describe the aspects of NEOMYCIN that make abstract strategic explanations possible--the representation of strategic knowledge explicitly and separately from domain knowledge-and demonstrate how this representation can be used to generate explanations.
The DNA-Methylase of Frog Virus 3

The DNA of frog virus 3 (FV3) replicates in two stages. During the first stage, genome sized DNA is synthesized in the nucleus of infected cells. This is followed by a second stage of DNA replication in the cytoplasm where concatemeric viral DNA is synthesized. FV3 DNA is methylated in the cytoplasm by a virus-coded DNA-methylase. It has been shown that more than 20% cytosine residues are methylated at the 5-carbon position. FV3 DNA is completely resistant to cleavage by a restriction endonuclease HpaII. a methylation-sensitive enzyme that recognizes the sequence CCGG, while readily restricted by another restriction enzyme MspI (an isoschizomer of HpaII), suggesting that every cytosine residue in the sequence of CpG is methylated. A number of DNA-methylase negative mutants have been derived from FV3 to elucidate the structure and function of this enzyme. Detailed genetic and biochemical studies involving one such mutant have revealed that the FV3 DNA-methylase, unlike other animal DNA-methylases, requires at least two polypeptides for its catalytic activity.
A Century of Physical Activity in the United States

This viewpoint evaluates the National Physical Education Service, which the federal government implemented in 1918 to combat low levels of physical fitness and poor physical development in youth, and determines what 21st-century health professionals can learn from it.
Work-in-Progress: Real-Time Modeling for Intrusion Detection in Automotive Controller Area Network

Security of vehicular networks has often been an afterthought since they are designed traditionally to be a closed system. An attack could lead to catastrophic effect which may include loss of human life or severe injury to the driver and passengers of the vehicle. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to extract the real-time model of the controller area network (CAN) and develop a specification-based intrusion detection system (IDS) using anomaly-based supervised learning with the real-time model as input. We evaluate IDS performance with real CAN logs collected from a sedan car.
Testing Markov Chains without Hitting.

We study the problem of identity testing of markov chains. In this setting, we are given access to a single trajectory from a markov chain with unknown transition matrix $Q$ and the goal is to determine whether $Q = P$ for some known matrix $P$ or $\text{Dist}(P, Q) \geq \epsilon$ where $\text{Dist}$ is suitably defined. In recent work by Daskalakis, Dikkala and Gravin, 2018, it was shown that it is possible to distinguish between the two cases provided the length of the observed trajectory is at least super-linear in the hitting time of $P$ which may be arbitrarily large. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that avoids this dependence on hitting time thus enabling efficient testing of markov chains even in cases where it is infeasible to observe every state in the chain. Our algorithm is based on combining classical ideas from approximation algorithms with techniques for the spectral analysis of markov chains.
LESS THAN HALF OF YOUTH ATHLETES CAN ACHIEVE 90% LIMB SYMMETRY ON A BATTERY OF SINGLE LEG HOP TESTS:

Background:The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in youth athletes is rising. Current rehabilitation guidelines recommend the use of a battery of single leg hop tests (S...
Pink Polka-Dot Plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya) Response to Growth Retardants

Abstract Pink polka-dot plant, Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak., was treated with one or two foliar spray applications of Bonzi (paclobutrazol) (25, 50, or 100 ppm), Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) (3500 ppm) or B-Nine (daminozide) (3500 ppm) to suppress shoot elongation. One or two applications of 3500 ppm Cycocel (chlormequat chloride) retarded shoot elongation, resulting in consistently mounded plants. Bonzi (paclobutrazol) and B-Nine (daminozide) also suppressed shoot elongation but to a lesser degree, and plants were not uniform.
Les Bleus and Black: A Football Elegy to French Colorblindness

The turbulent ballad that is French Football reveals that colorblindness — for French footballers of color and the millions living in France that share their race, ethnicity or religion — is contingent upon excellence. This myth is fleeting, and demystified by racial realities on the ground, including the emergent white supremacist populism rising from the right. These threats, which orient race and religion as inimical to French identity, combined with the vividly African, Arab and Muslim identity of the French football team that captured the World Cup 2018 title, signals the end of the myth that is French colorblindness.
Opportunity for Pharmacists in Telehealth, Team-Based Care: Clinical Inertia

Introduction: A variety of team-based telehealth interventions have recently been developed and piloted in a number of practice settings. Despite the variety of intervention designs, clinical inert...
Therapeutic targeting of TP53-mutated acute myeloid leukemia by inhibiting HIF-1α with echinomycin.

TP53 mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with poor prognosis. Since no targeted therapy is available to restore p53 function, it is of great interest to test whether other pathways activated by TP53 mutations can be therapeutically targeted. Here, we showed HIF-1α target genes are enriched in TP53-mutated versus TP53-wild-type AML. To determine the role of this activation, we tested efficacy of HIF-1α inhibitor echinomycin in TP53-mutated AML samples in vitro and in vivo. Echinomycin was broadly effective against a panel of primary AML blast cells, with low nanomolar IC50s and, based on colony-forming unit assay, was tenfold more effective in eliminating AML stem cells. Echinomycin selectively eliminated CD34+CD38− AML cells. To test the therapeutic efficacy of echinomycin, we established a xenograft model of TP53-mutated AML. Echinomycin was broadly effective against xenografts from multiple AML samples in vivo, and more effective than cytarabine + daunorubicin chemotherapy. Importantly, while cytarabine + daunorubicin enriched for AML stem cells, echinomycin nearly eliminated this population. Using TP53-mutated AML cell line THP1 and patient-derived AML cells, we tested a new echinomycin formulation with longer half-life and significantly improved therapeutic effect. Our data suggest a novel approach to treat AML with TP53 mutations.
Original ContributionsMedical therapy for chronic gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of combined hormonal therapy in patients with recurring occult gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal observational study. The setting was an outpatient private practice affiliated with a large university-based hospital. A total of 43 patients, comprising 14 men and 29 women with a mean age of 74 yr (range 48–86 yr), were included. They had a history of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin for a period of >1 yr and had required multiple hospitalizations and transfusions. Patients were initially treated with one Enovid 5-mg tablet containing 5 mg norethynodrel and 75 μg of mestranol. Enovid became commercially unavailable and treatment was changed to Ortho-Novum 1/50, containing 1 mg norethindrone and 0.05 milligrams of mestranol, given one tablet b.i.d. Patients were treated and followed for a mean time of 535 days (range 25–1551 days). All patients acted as their own controls and were followed for compliant behavior with periodic hematocrit, serial stool hemoccults, medication counts, and clinical histories regarding transfusion requirements or hospitalization for bleeding or anemia. Results: Of 43 patients who initially entered the study, 38 were treated with combination hormonal therapy. The remaining five patients were treated with estrogen alone. In 25 patients, initial enteroscopy revealed AVMs in the stomach or proximal small bowel and these were cauterized. In the remaining 18 patients no source of bleeding was found. None of the 38 patients who were treated with combination hormonal therapy rebled as long as they continued their prescribed dosage. All five of the patients treated with estrogen alone had rebleeding episodes. There was no statistical difference with respect to AVM cauterization in the rebleeding rate between those patients who underwent cauterization of their AVMs and those who did not. Side effects of combination hormonal therapy occurred in 11 patients and all were considered to be mild. Seven of these 11 patients (64%) elected to continue treatment. Conclusion: In this long-term observational study, combination hormonal therapy was shown to stop rebleeding in patients with occult gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin.
Feeding status of 0～2 years infants in suburb of Guangzhou

Objective To know about feeding conditions of 0～2 years infants in suburb of Guangzhou and provide the evidence to improve infants feeding.Methods The dates of 1754 children were collected from the suburb of Guangzhou and investigated their feeding status by a questionnaire.Results ①The breastfeeding rate of infants at 4 months was 79.05%, exclusively breastfeeding rate was 29.82 %.②The time of introduction complementary food was earlier generally in this suburb.10% children were introduced protein,vegetable and fruit by the age of 2 months and 35% for carbohydrate;over 90% children were introduced protein and carbohydrate,and 86% for vegetable and fruit at 4 months.The kinds of introduced complementary food were relatively plentiful,but bean were introduced little.The proportion of introduction complementary food by the age of 12 months was 43.5% for bean.③The weaning rate of children was 95.6% at 121～18 months and 99.4% at 2 years.Conclusion The feeding questions still exist in this suburb.The breastfeeding rate should be increased and changed;the phenomenon of early introducing complementary food should he changed.The usage of bean should he increased and the quality of complementary food be improved. Key words: Children; Breastfeeding; Complementary food
Material Hardships and Infant and Toddler Sleep Duration in Low-Income Hispanic Families.

Abstract Objective To assess relationships between material hardships, shortened sleep duration, and suboptimal sleep practices across infancy and toddlerhood in low-income Hispanic families. Methods We analyzed longitudinal data of 451 low-income Hispanic mother-child pairs from a child obesity prevention trial. During infancy and toddlerhood, we used adjusted linear regression to assess associations between material hardship (financial difficulty, food insecurity, housing disrepair, and multiple hardships), sleep duration (24-hour, night), and the number of suboptimal sleep practices (eg, later bedtime, co-sleeping). We used adjusted linear regression to assess the longitudinal association between the number of suboptimal sleep practices in infancy and toddlerhood, and tested whether specific or multiple hardships moderated this association. Results In infants, financial difficulty and multiple hardships were associated with decreased night sleep (B = −0.59 hours, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.04, −0.14; and B = −0.54 hours, 95% CI: −1.00, −0.08). Housing disrepair was associated with decreased 24-hour sleep (B = −0.64 hours, 95% CI: −1.29, −0.01). In toddlers, each additional suboptimal sleep practice was associated with a decrease in night sleep (B = −0.19 hours, 95% CI: −0.29, −0.09). Each additional suboptimal sleep practice in infancy was associated with a 0.30 increase in the number of suboptimal sleep practices in toddlerhood (P Conclusion Specific and multiple hardships shortened sleep duration during infancy, and moderated the increase of suboptimal sleep behaviors between infancy and toddlerhood. Future studies should consider these early critically sensitive periods for interventions to mitigate material hardships and establish healthy sleep practices.
Fuel and Electricity Reform for Economic Sustainability in the Gulf

Reforming energy prices has long been considered as needed to advance economic and environmental sustainability in GCC countries. When the oil price plummeted in 2014, GCC revenues collapsed and all governments increased fuel and electricity prices. By doing so, they primarily avoided an even more menacing collapse of state budgets, which could have led to domestic instability. Most pricing reforms also resulted in a reduction of energy demand, even though the net effect is difficult to observe, given the overall economic slowdown in the region. While pricing reform is needed to raise more domestic revenue, reduce wasteful domestic consumption and target smuggling and excessive rentierism, its impact on economic diversification could be a double-edged sword. While generally considered as needed to adjust an inefficient allocation of resources, large and rapid pricing reforms for industry might erode the comparative advantage of the Gulf, and complicate efforts to achieve within-sector diversification.
Resource Allocation for Infrastructure Resilience using Artificial Neural Networks

From an optimization point of view, resource allocation is one of the cornerstones of research for addressing problems commonly arising in applications such as power outages and traffic jams. In this paper, we take a data-driven approach to estimate an optimal nodal restoration sequence for immediate recovery of infrastructure networks after natural disasters such as earthquakes. Data is generated from td-INDP, a high-fidelity simulator of optimal restoration strategies for interdependent networks, and employ artificial neural networks to approximate those strategies. Despite the fact that the underlying problem is NP-complete, the restoration sequences obtained by our method are observed to be nearly optimal. In addition, by training multiple models—the so-called estimators—for a variety of resource availability levels, our proposed method balances a tradeoff between resource utilization and restoration time. Decision-makers can use our trained models to allocate resources more efficiently before and after contingencies, and in turn, improve the community resilience. Besides their predictive power, such trained estimators unravel the effect of interdependencies among different nodal functionalities in the restoration strategies. We showcase our methodology by the real-world interdependent infrastructure of Shelby County, TN.
A simplified model for the vapor – Solid distribution of Silicon Germanium Chemical Vapor Deposition

Abstract A simplified model of Silicon Germanium Chemical Vapor Deposition is proposed for the determination of Vapor – Solid distributions via any precursor route. The incorporation of the atomic element into the crystal lattice imposes to the chemical precursor the loss of all the ligands. Thus, dichlorosilane, silane, and disilane are discriminated on the basis of the amount of the atomic element brought into the equilibrium, instead of being different chemicals. Experimental trends show the ratio relative to silane is 2 for disilane and about ½ for dichlorosilane. The ratio relative to Si{100} is 0.59 for Si{110} and 0.82 for Si{111} for a growth via dichlorosilane and germane. Furthermore, Silicon Germanium alloy content is controlled by a thermodynamic equilibrium and the theoretical VS distribution is demonstrated for a growth via silane and germane. VS distribution of any chemistry onto any substrate orientation can therefore be estimated with the application of a straightforward corrective coefficient to a reference silane and germane chemistry.
Transforming student career paths into a project to increase engagement in a project management course

An engaging assignment connecting course curriculum to student career paths was created for an undergraduate business (project management) course. The assignment required students to turn either th...
Outcome Studies and Infection Control in Regional Anesthesia

Regional anesthesia began half a century after ether was first used for general anesthesia. Each branch of anesthesia has waxed and waned in popularity since their introduction, but now, with the advent of evidence-based medicine, true comparisons of outcome following general or regional anesthesia should be available.
Effect of Cocaine and p21 on the Blood Lipidome

Cocaine is powerfully addictive and induces a breadth of physiological effects, even at low, recreational doses. To begin to discern the full extent of these effects, we used electrospray ionizatio...
Nurse practitioner education: greater demand, reduced training opportunities.

Purpose To document the factors that are increasing the tension between nurse practitioner (NP) educational programs and the clinical training sites needed for NP students. Data sources Literature and the faculty experiences garnered over years of placing NP students for clinical training. Conclusions Several conditions converge to create a situation where sites are increasingly reluctant to precept NP students. The underlying dynamics are diverse and include factors related to the electronic health record, productivity expectations, and the increasing demand for sites as a result of increasing NP enrollments and competing healthcare provider programs. Implications for practice The nursing community should approach this issue strategically and devise an action and policy agenda to support NP training, including federal monies to support NP training in a design that parallels the Graduate Medical Education; recognition of NPs as licensed professionals in advanced training; and identification of meaningful incentives for NP preceptors.
Cytokines and chemokines in inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies

Schwann cells are the cells that are responsible for the production and maintenance of myelin in the peripheral nervous system, as a modification of their plasma membrane. It has become clear that Schwann cells are the target of immune and inflammatory mediated reactions, and over the past 20 years studies have shown that Schwann cells might be important participants in the immune process. The interaction of Schwann cells with cytokines and chemokines, some produced by inflammatory cells but clearly some produced by the Schwann cells themselves, mediate much of these Schwann cell functions. These studies have been both in vitro and in vivo, with the latter consisting of studies of animal models as well as from patients with diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Thus, Schwann cells contribute to both pro-inflammatory and downregulation of immune/inflammatory processes. The present review updates our current understanding of the interactions of Schwann cells with cytokines and chemokines. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-1961.2010.00015.x, September 2010)
Foreign Direct Investment and Labor Quality in Developing Countries

The quality of local labor is an important factor in a multinational corporation’s (MNC) decision to set up production operations in a developing country. It is often observed that developing country governments attempt to attract MNCs by enhancing labor quality. This paper studies the interaction between an MNC and a local government which has superior information on local labor quality. The local government has an incentive to enhance the labor quality and share that information with the MNC because it increases both its net tax revenue and profit of the MNC. The paper provides an explanation for recent findings of FDI in developing countries: the bulk of FDI has been directed toward a limited number of countries and human capital plays an increasingly important role in attracting FDI.
Missing Data: How to Best Account for What Is Not Known

Missingdata are common in clinical research, particularly for variables requiring complex, time-sensitive, resource-intensive, or longitudinal data collectionmethods. However, even seemingly readily available information canbemissing. There aremany reasons for “missingness,” includingmissed study visits, patients lost to follow-up, missing information in sourcedocuments, lackof availability (eg, laboratory tests that were not performed), and clinical scenariospreventingcollectionofcertainvariables (eg,missingcoma scaledata in sedatedpatients). It is particularly challenging to interpretstudieswhenprimaryoutcomedataaremissing.However,many methods commonly used for handling missing values during data analysis can yield biased results, decrease study power, or lead to underestimates of uncertainty, all reducing the chance of drawing valid conclusions. In this issue of JAMA, Bakris et al evaluated the effect of finerenoneonurinaryalbumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) inpatientswithdiabetic nephropathy in a randomized, phase 2B, dose-finding clinical trial conducted in 148 sites in 23 countries.1 Because of the logistical complexity of the study, it is not surprising that some of the intended data collection could not be completed, resulting in missing outcomedata. Bakris et al used several analysis and imputation techniques (ie,methods for replacingmissingdatawith specific values) to assess theeffects ofdifferent approaches forhandlingmissing data. Thesemethods included complete case analysis (restricting theanalysis to includeonlypatientswithobserved90-dayUACR values); last observation carried forward (LOCF; typically this involvesusing the last recordeddatapointas the finaloutcome;Bakris et al used the higher of 2 UACR values and, separately, themost recent UACR obtained prior to study discontinuation); baseline observationcarried forward (using thebaselineUACRvalueas theoutcomeUACR value, therefore assuming no treatment effect for that patient);mean value imputation (replacingmissing valueswith the meanofobservedUACRvalues); and randomimputation (using randomly selectedUACRvalues to replacemissingUACRvalues).1Multiple imputation2 tohandlemissingvalueswasalsoperformed.With the exception of multiple imputation, each of the imputation approaches replaces a missing value with a single number (termed “single”or “simple” imputation)andcanthreatenthevalidityof study results.3,4 The authors concluded that finerenone improved the UACR,a result thatwasconsistent regardlessof themethod forhandling missing data.
Worldwide use and impact of the NASA Astrophysics Data System digital library: Research Articles

The NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), along with astronomy's journals and data centers (a collaboration dubbed URANIA), has developed a distributed online digital library which has become the dominant means by which astronomers search, access, and read their technical literature. Digital libraries permit the easy accumulation of a new type of bibliometric measure: the number of electronic accesses (“reads”) of individual articles. By combining data from the text, citation, and reference databases with data from the ADS readership logs we have been able to create second-order bibliometric operators, a customizable class of collaborative filters that permits substantially improved accuracy in literature queries. Using the ADS usage logs along with membership statistics from the International Astronomical Union and data on the population and gross domestic product (GDP), we have developed an accurate model for worldwide basic research where the number of scientists in a country is proportional to the GDP of that country, and the amount of basic research done by a country is proportional to the number of scientists in that country times that country's per capita GDP. We introduce the concept of utility time to measure the impact of the ADSsURANIA and the electronic astronomical library on astronomical research. We find that in 2002 it amounted to the equivalent of 736 full-time researchers, or d250 million, or the astronomical research done in France. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Error estimation and adaptive refinement for integral equations

Surface integral equation formulations are popular approaches for electromagnetic radiation and scattering problems. Unlike differential equation formulations, which are routinely implemented using adaptive refinement procedures to assist the analysis, there appears to be no widespread use of adaptive refinement techniques applied to integral equations. Adaptive refinement consists of adjusting cell sizes (h-refinement) or representation orders (p-refinement) to achieve a more accurate and efficient solution without user intervention. The approach reduces the need for user expertise and provides a more systematic solution procedure.
Dispersion of groundwater age in an alluvial aquifer system

[1] Interpretation of groundwater ages typically rests on assumptions of minimal mixing of different water ages in the water samples. The effects of three-dimensional, geologic heterogeneity on groundwater mixing and tracer concentrations, however, have not been evaluated. In this study, we use a series of 10 detailed geostatistical realizations along with high-resolution numerical groundwater flow and contaminant transport simulation to model distributions of groundwater ages and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) ages at wells within a heterogeneous stream-dominated alluvial fan aquifer system. Results show that groundwater reaching a well in the heterogeneous aquifer system typically consists of a wide distribution of groundwater ages (often spanning >50 years), even over short (<1.5 m) screened intervals. Additionally, simulated arithmetic mean groundwater ages do not correspond to mean ages estimated from simulated CFC concentrations. Results emphasize the potential ambiguity of “mean” groundwater ages estimated from environmental tracer concentrations in typically heterogeneous geologic systems. The significant dispersion of groundwater ages also implies that ultimate, maximum effects of nonpoint source, anthropogenic contamination of groundwater may not be reached until after many decades or centuries of gradual decline in groundwater quality.
Virtual speed sensors using transit vehicles as traffic probes

In this paper, we present algorithms that use transit vehicles as probes for determining traffic speeds along freeways and other primary arterials. We describe a system of "virtual" probe sensors that measure transit vehicle speeds using automatic vehicle location system (AVL) tracking data. Examples showing the correlation between probe data and inductance loop spend trap data are presented. In addition, virtual sensor data, produced using transit vehicles as probes, is compared with inductance loop speeds during incidents identified in the DOT incident log. These comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness of virtual sensors based on using transit vehicles as traffic probes.
The Health System in Transition: Care, Cost, and Coverage

The growth in market-based contracting and the ascendency of managed care have generated substantial change in the health care delivery system. These reforms were spurred largely by private health care purchasers seeking a means for controlling the relentless growth in medical care costs. Following the private sector's lead, the two large public programs, Medicaid and Medicare, have also looked to managed care for solving their mounting expenditure problems. Increased reliance on competition, and the growing rejection of rate regulation, have fundamentally re-shaped the health care delivery system and raise several important policy issues. Market-based contracting places a premium on the ability of health plans to control the growth in prices and use of services, resulting in continued merger and consolidation among health plans. At the same time, providers have recognized the competitive bargaining advantages in negotiating with health plans through their own consolidation and mergers. Unanswered in the managed care revolution is the means for financing care for the 41 million uninsured Americans. Moreover, whether the private and public sector are willing, or need, to finance the training of young physicians also hangs in the balance.
Wavelet, active basis, and shape script: a tour in the sparse land

Sparse coding is a key principle that underlies wavelet representation of natural images. In this paper, we explain that the effort of seeking a common wavelet sparse coding of images from the same object category leads to an active basis model, where the images share the same set of selected wavelet elements, which form a linear basis for representing the images. The selected wavelet elements are allowed to perturb their locations and orientations to account for shape deformations, so that the basis becomes active, and the active basis serves as a mathematical representation of a deformable template. We show that a recursive application of the strategy underlying the active basis model leads to a shape script model, which is a composition of shape motifs such as ellipsoids, parallel bars, angles, etc. These shape motifs are allowed to change their locations, orientations, scales and aspect ratios, and the shape motifs themselves are modeled by active bases. Compared to the active basis model, the shape script model is a sparser representation and therefore has stronger generalization power. It can also be considered another layer of sparse coding of the selected wavelet elements that themselves provide sparse coding of the image intensities.
Context, values and moral dilemmas: Comparing the choices of business and law school students

Much has been written about the ethics and values of today's business student, but this research has generally been characterized by a variety of methodological shortcomings — the use of convenience samples, a failure to establish the relevance of comparison groups employed, attempts to understand behavior in terms of unidimensional values preselected by the researcher, and the lack of well-designed longitudinal studies. The research reported here addresses many of these concerns by comparing the values and ethical decision making behavior of a large cohort of students entering an M. B. A. program to students entering law school. Using the Rokeach value survey and several ethical decision making vignettes, significant differences were found between the two groups which have important implications for both the business and legal professions and the education of their future leaders.
Properties of some cement stabilised compressed earth blocks and mortars

Findings from an on-going investigation into the effects of soil properties and cement content on physical characteristics of compressed earth blocks and soil mortars are presented. A series of test blocks were fabricated using a range of composite soils, stabilised with 5% and 10% cement, and compacted with a manual press. Results for saturated compressive strength, drying shrinkage, wetting/drying durability, and water absorption testing are presented in the paper. In conjunction with the block tests, workability and compressive strength characteristics of suitable soil: cement and cement: lime: sand mortars were also studied. Mortar consistency was assessed using cone penetrometer and slump tests. Water retention properties of the mortars were also measured. For a given compactive effort, the strength, drying shrinkage, and durability characteristics of the compressed earth blocks improved with increasing cement and reducing clay content. Slump testing proved the most reliable means of assessing soil: cement mortar consistency. Both the flow table and cone penetrometer tests were found to be unsuitable. Water retention properties of soil: cement mortars appear well-suited to typical unit water absorption characteristics. Mortar strengths were closely related to cement and clay contents, but as expected were less than the average unit strengths.
Knowledge as a Social Medium

The increasing popularity and access to computer networks such as the Internet has introduced a new form of interaction among individuals, and brought about the social dimension to intelligent systems that are embedded into group and community settings. Knowledge is now seen as an asset not only of an individual but also of groups; research fields such as organisational memory, knowledge management and community ware are beginning to emerge. This paper surveys recent approaches, discusses whether social knowledge is a tangible notion, and examines the role of social knowledge in the context of group and community oriented systems with new challenges it offers.
Increased Airway Inflammation with Segmental versus Aerosol Antigen Challenge

Airway inflammation is increasingly recognized as a pivotal component of asthma. Because allergens provoke bronchial constriction and inflammation in allergic subjects, bronchial antigen challenge has emerged as a powerful technique for evaluating mechanisms involved in this process. In this study, we compare whole lung antigen challenge (WLAC) with segmentai bronchoprovocation (SBP) in eight allergic, non-asthmatic, non-smoking subjects, and evaluated the response by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) prior to, and 48 h after antigen challenge. Both challenge techniques evoked airway inflammation, manifest as an increase in total cells and eosinophils recovered by BAL, an increase in total protein concentration, and enhanced production of superoxide anion by airspace cells. The degree to which these changes occurred was significantly greater with SBP than WLAC, and only SBP evoked persistent measurable change in alveolar macrophage density and eosinophil granule protein concentrations. Moreover, although both ...
Vibrational Spectra of Liquid Crystals. XII: Raman Spectroscopic Study of the Crystalline Forms and the Crystal-Smectic Transition of 4-Cyano 4′-Octyloxybiphenyl

Abstract Recent papers by Gray et al.1 have discussed the synthesis, structure, and properties of the mesomorphic 4-cyano, 4′-alkyl (or alkoxy) biphenyls. The reports on these materials have made mention of the existence of solid state dimorphism for certain homologs. This paper discusses this dimorphism as it manifests itself in the Raman spectrum of the octyloxy homolog (hereinafter referred to as 80CB) in the CN stretching region. The approach used involves direct measurement of the Raman spectrum as a function of temperature, as well as computation of a correlation function obtained from the Raman band envelope by means of Fourier transformation. The application of this correlation function technique to this system has been discussed by us recently in detail.2,3 Gray and Mosley,4 in a recent study of the Raman spectrum of 4-cyano, 4′-pentylbiphenyl note that the CN stretch of this compound is a doublet in the solid phase (2224 and 2233 cm−1), but only the 2224 cm−1 band appears in the nematic phase. T...
CURRENT ALGEBRA, WARD IDENTITIES, AND SPACE-SPACE EQUAL-TIME CURRENT COMMUTATORS.

The technique of Bjorken is combined with the Ward identities for the time-ordered products of currents to obtain a correlation between space-space equal-time commutators and the high-energy behavior of the hadron proper functions. The method is illustrated for the three-point function of conserved isovector currents.
Instability of polymer films

Etude d'un ensemble dilue de chaines polymeriques confinees dans un film de solvant etale sur une surface solide
Talent and the human spirit

As far back as the ninth century BCE in Greece, a talent was a form of currency. In the 21st century, talents remain currency as the special gifts of knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics that individuals bring to organizations. Talent management, also known as human capital management, HCM, is a focus of leadership studies that increasingly strives to acknowledge and measure the tangible contributions that individuals make to the bottom line. In this symposium, we offer a position paper by Ted Harro and Leslie Miller who detail an innovative approach to address how leaders of organizations can create a consistent, positive flow of talent necessary to support success. Our respondents, Karen Kirwan, Dave Wondra, and Edward Perez, each add their perspectives to this timely discussion.
THE BEIJING AUDIENCE STUDY

Communication research in China is in an early stage of development, but there are an increasing number of training and research activities in universities and in independent institutes. The Beijing Audience Survey in 1982 was the first large-scale communication field study in China. It showed a very high degree of penetration of the mass media among both urban and rural audiences in the metropolitan area of Beijing, with 97% of the sample of 2430 individuals listening daily to radio, 92% viewing television, and 81% reading a daily newspaper. The high degree of exposure to television is surprising, given that the purchase of TV receivers by Chinese families only began at the end of the Cultural Revolution in 1976.
A prosthesis for the palliation of mitral insufficiency.

A polyvinyl sponge is used experimentally to straddle the posterior commissure of the mitral valve in the dog. This material will contract and be shaped as the pressures of the mitral leaflets dictate and thus tend to fill any area of valve deficiency that is present. The clinical implication is that this technique may be used to reduce the quantity of regurgitation present in humans with significant degrees of mitral insufficiency.
Primary testicular lymphoma with cardiac involvement in an immunocompetent patient: case report and a concise review of literature

Primary testicular lymphoma (PTL) is a rare testicular tumor representing less than 9% of all testicular cancers. PTL usually tends to spread to or relapse at nodal structures or extra-nodal sites such as contralateral testes, central nervous system, skin, lung, pleura, waldeyer's ring and soft tissues. We present a case of PTL with huge left atrial mass, an extremely unusual site of involvement. Early disease usually carries a good prognosis, whereas advanced stage carries an extremely poor prognosis. Herein, we report the complete remission to date in a patient with advanced stage PTL with huge left atrial mass, treated with systemic rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone and intrathecal methotrexate. A brief review of literature focusing on various aspects of management of primary testicular lymphoma and lymphomatous involvement of heart is also discussed.
Lattice Dynamics and Elasticity of Stressed Crystals

A conservative system composed of a collection of interacting ions plus externally applied forces is considered. The mechanical problem of motion is defined for such a system, and the equilibrium and the translational and rotational invariance conditions discussed. It is shown that the second equilibrium condition of Born and Huang, namely that the stresses must vanish in the equilibrium configuration for the infinite lattice model, is not a requirement of the theory. The dynamical matrices, whose eigenvalues are simply related to the phonon frequencies, are shown to be of the same form for a homogeneously strained crystal as for an ideal unstrained crystal. The elastic constants of a homogeneously strained crystal are calculated by the method of homogeneous deformation, and also by the method of long waves. The quantities which are observed in the measurement of sound velocities in strained crystals are the effective elastic constants, which differ from the elastic constants by terms involving the stress components. These effective elastic constants are also calculated in the lattice theory, and their properties are discussed.
INDUCED MUTATIONS AND VARIABILITY IN PHYTOPHTHORA CACTORUM

s 16: 2009-2010. GRAHAM, K. A/I. 1955. Distribution of physiological races of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary in Canada. Amer. Potato Jour. 32: 277-282. HOAGLAND, D. R., AND D. 1. ARNON. 1950. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. California Agric. Exp. Sta. Cir. 347. LEONIAN, L. H. 1925. Physiological studies on the genus Phytophthora. Amer. Jour. Bot. 12: 444-498. MILLS, W. R. 1940. Phytophthora infestans on tomato. Phytopath. 30: 830-839. PONTECORVO, G. 1956. The parasexual cycle in fungi. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 10: 393-400. STAMPS, D. JEAN. 1953. Variation in a strain of Phytophthora cactorum. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 36: 248-254. STAUFFER, J. R., AND M. P. BACKUS. 1954. Spontaneous and induced variation in selected stocks of the Penicillium chrysogenum series. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 60:
STUDIES OF THE MOTILE CELLS OF CHYTRIDS. III. MAJOR TYPES

KOCH, WILLIAM J. (U. North Carolina, Chapel Hill.) Studies of the motile cells of chytrids. III. Major types. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(9): 786-788. Illus. 1961.-Six major types of chytrid motile cells are recognized on the basis of the internal parts present and their appearances and arrangements. Eighteen species are placed in these 6 types. IN A PREVIOUS paper on the internal structure of the body of the chytrid motile cell, as observed with light microscopy (Koch, 1958), photomicrographs, camera lucida drawings, and summary diagrams were presented for 10 species. These observations made it clear that one can no longer think simply and only of "the chytrid type of motile cell" because a surprising diversity among certain species was found. It is desirable now, on the basis of personal observations of the internal parts present and their appearances and arrangements, formally to define or diagnose the 6 major types of motile cells that can be recognized. Although sufficient illustrations of what is known about all but the second type were published previously (Koch, 1958), summary diagrams of the motilecell types as they are described in this paper are included here to make clear the distinguishing and identifying features. The features used in these descriptions are thought to be the minimal ones needed for a separation of the motile-cell types. These features are revealed with the highest-power, oil-immersion lenses of standard research light microscopes when observations are made of very thin mounts of living cells and of cells lightly stained with crystal violet after a minute of fixation with the fumes of 2% osmic acid. The rhizoplast in some cases may require a special staining technique (Koch, 1958). A correlation of the plane in which the flagellum undulates with the positions of the lipoid globule and other parts is easy to make, because in very thin mounts the flagellum usually undulates in a plane parallel with the glass slide on which the swimming cells are mounted. This can be shown by observing the double image with dark field micro-
Service Learning: A Creative Strategy for Inclusive Classrooms:

The movement for full inclusion is often hindered by the lack of creative and alternative teaching methodologies in regular classrooms. Service learning not only offers an alternative to traditiona...
Four-dimensional molecular ultrasound imaging of tumor angiogenesis in a preclinical animal model of prostate cancer

This article evaluated volumetric molecular ultrasound (US) imaging with multi-targeted microbubble (MB) contrast agents for detection of angiogenic imaging biomarkers in a preclinical cancer model. Imaging was performed using a modified US system (Ultrasonix Medical Corp) equipped with a 4-dimensional (4D) transducer. Image processing software separated the US signal originating from intravascular MBs that were bound to the overexpressed targets from the freely circulating and unattached contrast agent. Molecular US imaging using targeted MBs was compared to results obtained using non-specific control MBs in the same prostate-cancer bearing mouse. Molecular US signals were significantly higher when imaging the targeted MBs versus imaging of control contrast agent (p < 0.001). Specifically, it was found that molecular US imaging of the targeted MB contrast agent produced a considerable mean intratumoral enhancement of 19.5 ± 2.2 dB. A significant inverse correlation was found between the molecular US signal and fractional tumor enhancement (ρ = −0.56, p = 0.02). This suggests that as the spatial distribution of the molecular US signal increases, the average intensity of the intratumoral reporter signal decreases. This finding could identify when the neovascularity is inadequate to meet the metabolic demands of the tumor, creating a strong angiogenic response. This high angiogenic response is typically found in aggressive cancers and during early stages of tumor growth. Therefore, molecular US imaging may improve US for the early detection of cancer and help distinguish indolent from aggressive disease.
Voluntary Cutbacks and Pretreaty Behavior: the Helsinki Protocol and Sulfur Emissions:

This article formulates a noncooperative game model of sulfur emission reductions that accounts for the transboundary transport of emissions. Based on this model, European demand for emission reduc...
Development and Implementation of an Oral Sign-out Skills Curriculum

Introduction Imperfect sign-out of patient information between providers has been shown to contribute to medical error, but there are no standardized curricula to teach sign-out skills. At our institution, we identified several deficiencies in skills and a lack of any existing training.