cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5155: Suppression of gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma by miR-23 directed downregulation of key gluconeogenic enzymes and the transcription factorPGC-1α

Although the mechanism and functional significance of high levels of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells (Warburg effect) have been extensively studied, the possibility of altered gluconeogenesis that could potentially facilitate glycolytic pathway has not been explored. To examine this possibility, we investigated the potential alteration in expression of the key enzymes in gluconeogenesis pathway and its underlying mechanism using a mouse HCC model and primary human HCC. In the mouse model, C57/BL6 mice fed choline deficient and amino acid defined (CDAA) diet progressively develop nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), foci of altered hepatocytes (FAH) and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The expression of genes encoding glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1), and pyruvate carboxylase (PC), key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, as well as PGC-1α, a transcription factor that regulates G6PC and PEPCK expression, was drastically reduced in the tumors. Increased serum ALT and decreased serum glucose levels correlated well with the liver damage and inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the tumor bearing mice. The mRNA levels G6PC, PEPCK, FBP1 and PGC-1α were also curtailed by ∼80% in the majority of primary human HCCs compared to matching peritumoral livers. Further, the glucose 6-phosphatase activity was markedly diminished in the mouse liver tumors and human primary HCCs, and G6PC expression correlated with tumor grade in human primary HCCs. The expression of miR-23a, a candidate microRNA targeting PGC-1α and G6PC, was significantly elevated in mouse and human HCCs. We established that PGC-1α and G6PC are direct targets of miR-23a and demonstrated that their expressions are inversely related to miR-23a expression in human HCCs. Furthermore, miR-23a negatively regulates glucose production in mouse hepatocytes in culture. The miR-23a level was upregulated following treatment of hepatic cells with IL-6 and significantly reduced by phospho-Stat3 inhibitor or siRNA-mediated depletion of Stat3, demonstrating the involvement of IL-6 signaling pathway in miR-23a expression. Positive regulation of miR-23a expression by IL-6-Stat3 signaling was further confirmed by ChIP analysis and miR-23a promoter-luciferase assay. This study has convincingly demonstrated severe compromise of gluconeogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma in both mouse HCC model and primary HCC and elucidated its mechanism involving IL-Stat3-mediated activation of miR-23a, resulting in hypoglycemia (supported, in part, by the grant CA 086978-10 from the National Institutes of Health). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5155. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5155
Population growth and fertility patterns in an Old Order Amish settlement.

Background : Since they are a healthy and well-nourished isolate with strong religious proscriptions against birth control, the fertility patterns of the Old Order Amish have long been studied by demographers, particularly those with an interest in natural fertility. Aim : The present report describes population growth, population structure, and fertility patterns in a little-studied Amish settlement located in northeastern Ohio, USA (Geauga Settlement). Subjects and methods : A directory prepared by the Geauga Settlement provides data on the dates of birth of the mother, father, and all children for 1337 families for the period up to 1 January 1993. This information was used to assess population size, population structure, fertility rates, age at marriage, age of mothers at first and last birth, and birth intervals. Estimates of total settlement size were also derived from an older directory covering the period up to 1 January 1988 and a recently published directory which covers the period up to 1 Januar...
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on the Deep-Bed Capture Efficiency of an Exhaust Particulate Filter

The exhaust filtration analysis system (EFA) developed at the University of Wisconsin – Madison was used to perform micro-scale filtration experiments on cordierite filter samples using particulate matter (PM) generated by a spark-ignition direct injection (SIDI) engine fueled with gasoline. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used to characterize running conditions with four distinct particle size distributions (PSDs). The distributions selected differed in the relative number of accumulation versus nucleation mode particles. The SMPS and an engine exhaust particle sizer (EEPS) were used to simultaneously measure the PSD downstream of the EFA and the real-time particulate emissions from the SIDI engine to determine the evolution of filtration efficiency during filter loading. Cordierite filter samples with properties representative of diesel particulate filters (DPFs) were loaded with PM from the different engine operating conditions. The results were compared to understand the impact of particle size distribution on filtration performance as well as the role of accumulation mode particles on the diffusion capture of PM. The most penetrating particle size (MPPS) was observed to decrease as a result of particle deposition within the filter substrate. In the absence of a soot cake, the penetration of particles smaller than 70 nm was seen to gradually increase with time, potentially due to increased velocities in the filter as flow area reduces during filter loading, or due to decreasing wall area for capture of particles by diffusion. Particle re-entrainment was not observed for any of the operating conditions.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
The mechanism of enhancement of natural killer cell activity by soluble streptococcal products

Products prepared from broth extracts of beta-hemolytic Group A streptococci activate human natural killer (NK) cells. The active moiety is likely a protein since the enhancing capability is destroyed by the proteolytic enzyme pronase, although not by trypsin. The enhancement in NK cytotoxicity is due at least in part to lymphokines, since normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T cells, upon incubation with streptococcal products (SP), release supernatant factors which augment NK activity. These cell culture supernatants contain interferons (IFN) as well as low levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Treatment of supernatants with anti-IFN antibodies has variable effects, depending on the donor cells used to produce the factors. In most cases, anti-IFN-gamma totally abrogates enhancement. Treatment of supernatants with antibodies to IFN-alpha modestly decreases enhancement of most donor cells; however, IFN-alpha appears not to be a major factor in SP-activated lymphokines. Pretreating effector cells with a monoclonal antibody directed against the IL-2 receptor (anti-Tac) usually reduces the supernatant effect. The combination of anti-Tac and anti-IFN-gamma totally nullifies enhancement. Thus T lymphocytes stimulated with streptococcal products augment NK activity at least in part by producing IFN-gamma and a factor whose activity is reduced by the interaction of the IL-2 receptor with anti-Tac.
In Situ Labeling and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Transplanted Human Hepatic Stem Cells

Purpose The purpose is to address the problem in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of contrast agent dilution.
Factors associated with CD8+ T-cell activation in HIV-1-infected patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy.

BACKGROUND Abnormal levels of CD8 T-cell activation persist in HIV-1-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and may be deleterious. METHODS CD8 T-cell activation (% coexpressing CD38/HLA-DR) was analyzed on blood specimens from 833 HIV-1-infected patients on ART for ≥96 weeks with concurrent plasma HIV RNA (vRNA) ≤200 copies per milliliter. Factors associated with CD8 T-cell activation were assessed using generalized estimating equations to incorporate longitudinal measurements (median 4/participant). RESULTS Participants were 84% men, 47% white, 28% black, and 22% Hispanic, with median pre-ART age 38 years and median ART exposure 144 weeks. CD8 T-cell activation was higher at timepoints when vRNA was 51-200 versus ≤50 copies per milliliter [mean CD8 T-cell activation 23.4% vs. 19.7%; adjusted difference: 1.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 3.4), P = 0.042]. Restricting to vRNA ≤50 copies per milliliter, multivariable models showed the following factors associated with higher CD8 T-cell activation: older age [≥45 vs. ≤30 years: 3.6% (1.4 to 5.7), P = 0.004], hepatitis C virus antibody positivity [3.6% (0.9 to 6.2), P = 0.032], Hispanic vs. white [7.2% (5.3 to 9.0), P 500 cells/mm: 2.2% (0.7 to 3.7), P < 0.001], lower concurrent CD4/CD8 ratio [-2.6% (-3.7 to -1.5) per 0.5 unit increase, P < 0.001], and higher pre-ART CD8 T-cell activation [2.0% (1.6 to 2.5) per 10% higher, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS In participants included in our analysis, residual low-level viremia between 51 and 200 copies per milliliter during ART was shown to be associated with greater CD8 T-cell activation than full suppression to <50 copies per milliliter. Older age, hepatitis C virus antibody positivity, race/ethnicity, higher pre-ART CD8 T-cell activation, and lower concurrent CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 T-cell count also contribute to greater CD8 T-cell activation during suppressive ART.
Doing development as a critical development scholar

Development is challenging in theory, policy and practice. Navigating and negotiating institutions and politics can make ‘doing development’ confusing, contradictory, convoluted, complex or gut-wre...
Walking the Corridors of Mass Media: Rolf Dieter Brinkmann's 1973–1974 Cologne Tape Recordings and the Poetics of Disruption

“Ich gehe durch lange Massenmedienkorridore,” confesses the German avant-garde poet Rolf Dieter Brinkmann on tape as he walks through Cologne in the winter of 1973–74 (O7). The audibly breathless Brinkmann felt trapped in the city in which he lived, a city chock full of media signals. From 1970 onward, he exposed himself to West Germany’s encroaching “mass-media corridors,” building up his extensive material collections in which he catalogued urban landscapes. Erkundungen fur die Prazisierung des Gefuhls fur einen Aufstand, Rom, Blicke, and Schnitte were published posthumously and are usually referred to as his Materialbande. These literary experiments were supplemented by various other works, among them Brinkmann’s lesser known and only marginally researched Cologne tape recordings. While this sound experiment is an intervention into post-1968 Germany, a time when Brinkmann could no longer overlook “das Scheitern der Studentenbewegung,” he is less interested in political change than a radical rethinking of literature in highly mediated environments (Spath 103). I argue that Brinkmann employs television, a “Medium, alles gleichmachend” and “mittelmasig,” as a counter-example to his own poetics in which the single media channel – be it visual, aural, or textual – carries disruptive potential (O1). Analysing the recordings in great detail, my study focuses on three interrelated key concepts of Brinkmann’s aesthetics: the notion that West Germany’s cities are artificial places, the idea that language is in crisis, and the assumption that mass media play an important role in the policing of everyday life but are at the same time instrumental in the production of a disruptive counter-poetics. In
Cholinergic modulation of dopamine release and horizontal cell coupling in mudpuppy retina

Abstract The effects of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on electrical coupling between horizontal cells were studied in dark-adapted mudpuppy retinas. Carbachol and the nicotinic agonist 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) uncoupled horizontal cells, but the muscarinic agonist oxotremorine did not. The uncoupling effects of carbachol and DMPP were blocked by the nicotinic antagonist d -tubocurarine and by the dopamine antagonist fluphenazine, indicating that carbachol uncoupled horizontal cells by stimulating dopamine release via nicotinic receptors. Carbachol also caused an increase in release of [ 3 H]dopamine from retinas. d -Tubocurarine increased horizontal cell coupling, indicating that tonic cholinergic input was present in dark-adapted retinas. d -Tubocurarine did not reduce light-evoked uncoupling of horizontal cells, suggesting that cholinergic neurons are not an essential part of the direct pathway by which light causes an immediate increase in dopamine release.
External ophthalmoplegia with severe progressive multiorgan involvement associated with the mtDNA A3243G mutation.

Background: Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) may be related to primary nuclear DNA or mitochondrial (mt)DNA mutations. The A3243G mtDNA point mutation most frequently causes mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome, but also has been associated with other phenotypes including CPEO, migraine, seizure, diabetes, and sensorineural hearing loss. Case description: We report a 38-year-old white man with seizures and progressive difficulties of infantile origin including CPEO, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts, migraines, multiple endocrinopathy, myopathy, and cardiomyopathy. Moderate hearing loss in association with CPEO, diabetes mellitus, or migraines were noted in the proband's maternal grandmother, great aunt, mother, and three sisters, suggesting either an autosomal dominant or maternal inheritance. Detailed histological and biochemical analysis of the proband's biopsied muscle specimen revealed severe abnormalities compatible with a mitochondrial disease. MtDNA analysis excluded large-scale deletions, but revealed a heteroplasmic A to G transition at nt3243 in 56.4% and 27.4% of molecules in muscle and white blood cells, respectively. Conclusion: We discuss possible causes of this intrafamilial heterogeneity of phenotypes associated with the A3243G mtDNA mutation.
Effect of human hydrosalpinx fluid on murine embryo development and implantation.

Abstract Objective : To determine the effect of hydrosalpinx fluid-containing medium on murine embryo development and implantation. Design : The development of one-, two-, and four-cell mouse embryos in medium containing 5%, 10%, and 20% of human hydrosalpinx fluid was observed. Implantation rates of mouse embryos transferred into the uterine horn with hydrosalpinx fluid-containing media were determined. Setting : Private hospital-based fertility center and IVF program. Main Outcome Measure(s) : Percentage of embryos continuing cell division and implantation rates after ET. Result(s) : Hydrosalpinx fluid in culture medium affected embryo development in a dosedependent fashion. The injection of hydrosalpinx fluid-containing medium into the uterine horn did not affect embryo implantation. Conclusion(s) : Hydrosalpinx fluid negatively affects murine embryo development, but its presence in the uterine horn at ET did not affect implantation.
Geometry of conservation laws for a class of parabolic PDE's, II: Normal forms for equations with conservation laws

We consider conservation laws for second-order parabolic partial differential equations for one function of three independent variables. An explicit normal form is given for such equations having a nontrivial conservation law. It is shown that any such equation whose space of conservation laws has dimension at least four is locally contact equivalent to a quasi-linear equation. Examples are given of nonlinear equations that have an infinite-dimensional space of conservation laws parameterized (in the sense of Cartan-Kahler) by two arbitrary functions of one variable. Furthermore, it is shown that any equation whose space of conservation laws is larger than this is locally contact equivalent to a linear equation.
Antinuclear antibodies and thyroid function in sexually abused girls

Sexually abused girls manifest dysregulation of physiological stress response systems. In this exploratory investigation, 14 sexually abused and 13 control girls, ages 8–15 years, recruited from a prospective, longitudinal study, underwent plasma antinuclear antibody and thyroid function tests. Thyroid function tests and plasma antinuclear antibody titers did not differ between sexually abused and control girls. However, a significantly higher incidence of plasma antinuclear antibody titers was seen in abused subjects when compared with the frequency of positive antinuclear antibody titers in a sample of 22 adult healthy female volunteers, ages 20–58 years. These findings suggest that sexually abused girls may show evidence of an alteration in normal immune homeostatic function.
Force feedback and student reasoning

The primary purpose of this case study was to examine whether force feedback within a computer simulation had an effect on reasoning by fifth grade students about concepts of gravity, mass, force, and motion. This study used a computer-based paddleball simulation with guided inquiry as the primary stimulus. The experimental group used the simulation with visual and force feedback; the control group used the simulation with visual feedback only. Work with the simulation was found to increase students' understanding of key concepts. Those in the experimental group performed better than those in the control group, particularly with regard to the effects of increased gravitational force.
Can One Be a Critical Caretaker

There is a movement in the field of religious studies today which questions whether scholars of religion should have any interest in questions regarding the truth and value of religion. In this paper I critically examine the views of one of its leading figures, Russell T. McCutcheon, and argue that his views on the nature and study of religion are problematic in several key respects. Specifically, I argue that McCutcheon's basic methodological and theoretical claims are untenable, as is his well known distinction between "critics" and "caretakers" of religion. Having called into question McCutcheon's claim that being a critical scholar of religion is incompatible with being a "caretaker" of religion, I conclude with a brief reflection on his corollary claim that there are (or should be) "discursive constraints" on inquiry in public institutions of higher learning.
The effect of shock prod preexposure on conditioned defensive burying in rats

Experimentally naive male rats were tested for conditioned defensive burying following four sessions of preexposure to the test chamber with (CS preexposed group) or without (control group) the shock prod present. Subjects preexposed to the shock prod engaged less time in conditioned defensive burying and accumulated smaller piles of bedding material than the control subjects. Since all subjects touched the prod and received the electric shock on the conditioning day, it was suggested that in this preparation, shock prod preexposure retards the emergence of conditioned defensive burying but does not inhibit initial contact with the to-be-conditioned stimulus.
Evidence for direct utilization of a siderophore, ferrioxamine B, in axenically grown cucumber

To eliminate the confounding effects of microorganisms and to examine the direct utilization of microbial siderophores as iron sources by higher plants, a hydroponic cultural system and methodology was developed to grow plants with axenic roots. This report presents a description of this system, and also its use to determine the efficacy of the microbial siderophore ferrioxamine B (FOB), compared to the synthetic iron chelate FeEDTA, and the phytosiderophores (PS) of barley as an iron source for alleviating iron stress in the model dicot cucumber. It was observed that FOB gave superior plant biomass and was preferentially utilized to restore chlorophyll synthesis in long-term experiments when chelates were supplied at 5mmol m−3 concentrations and nutrient solution was buffered against pH change at 7.4 with solid phase CaCO3. In addition, autoradiograms indicated that 59Fe from FOB was rapidly translocated to shoots through vascular tissues and was specifically distributed to regions of rapid growth and to iron-stressed, but still expanding young leaves. The siderophore itself could be detected within 2h in xylem exudates, regardless of whether or not plants were exposed to metabolic inhibitors. It was concluded that the FOB and iron were taken up by the axenic roots of cucumber in a highly efficient manner, most likely as the iron-siderophore complex, and at rates that could be significant to dicot nutrition. The results also suggested that cucumber may transport FOB through the transpiration stream to upper parts of plants, where the iron would be reductively released from the siderophore for shoot nutrition.
Computer simulation of isocratic retentions of alkylketones using gradient data

Abstract The use of computer simulation software for high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method development is considered. In particular, gradient elution data entered into DryLab G/plus are used to predict isocratic retention times. The motivation was to establish whether data generated in a research-grade, gradient environment might be used to simulate accurately isocratic HPLC conditions applicable to a process monitoring operation. Good agreement between experimentally obtained and computer-predicted retention times for a homologous series of alkylketones was found for the conversion from gradient to isocratic elution conditions.
Cloning and Genomic Organization of Beclin 1, a Candidate Tumor Suppressor Gene on Chromosome 17q21

The beclin 1 (BECN1) gene encodes a 60-kDa coiled-coil protein that interacts with the prototypic apoptosis inhibitor Bcl-2. Previous studies indicate that beclin 1 maps to a region approximately 150 kb centromeric to BRCA1 on chromosome 17q21 that is commonly deleted in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. The complete cDNA sequence of beclin 1 encodes a 2098-bp transcript, with a 120-bp 5' UTR, 1353-bp coding region, and 625-bp 3' UTR. Hybridization screening of a human genomic PAC library identified PAC 452O8, which contains the complete beclin 1 gene. Determination of the exon-intron structure of beclin 1 reveals 12 exons, ranging from 61 to 794 bp, which extend over 12 kb of the human genome. FISH analysis of human breast carcinoma cell lines using PAC 452O8 as probe identified allelic beclin 1 deletions in 9 of 22 cell lines. Sequencing of genomic DNA from 10 of these cell lines revealed no mutations in coding regions or splice junctions. Additionally, Northern blot analysis of 11 cell lines did not identify any abnormalities in beclin 1 transcripts. These results indicate that human breast carcinoma cell lines frequently contain allelic deletions of beclin 1, but not beclin 1 coding mutations.
A Proxy-Based Approach to Enhancing the Autonomic Behavior in Composite Services

Web services paradigm is allowing applications to electronically interact with one another over the Internet. The business process execution language (BPEL) takes this interaction to a higher level of abstraction by enabling the development of aggregate Web services. However, the autonomous and distributed nature of the partner services in an aggregate Web service present unique challenges to the reliability of the composite services. In this paper, we present an approach where existing BPEL processes are automatically instrumented, so that when one or more of their partner services do not provide satisfactory service (e.g., because of a service being overwhelmed, crashed, or because of a network outage), the request for service is redirected to a proxy Web service, where the failed or slow services are replaced by substitute services.
Differences between X-ray and MRI-determined knee cartilage thickness in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions.

Summary Objective Determine the effect of loading upon MRI-based mean medial femorotibial cartilage thickness (mMFT_th) and radiograph-based minimum joint space width (mJSW), and determine loading's effect on the relationship between these measures. Methods MRI and radiographs were analyzed of 25 knees in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing conditions. Eight subjects had a Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade of 0, indicating no evidence of radiographic OA. The rest were KL = 2 or KL = 3, indicating mild to moderate OA. The change from unloaded to loaded conditions was calculated. Results Joint space measures decreased from unloaded to loaded conditions for both radiographs (mJSW = 3.29 mm unloaded to 3.16 mm loaded, P P Conclusion Knee loading does not add a very significant value to the study of joint space on healthy knees, but loading may play a role in the study of OA knees. Unloaded MRI assessments of cartilage thickness are as correlated to loaded JSW as to loaded MRI measurements. More study is necessary to determine whether loaded MRI adds significant value to the study of OA progression.
Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Effects of Sulfur Dioxide

Summary Damage of leaves due to air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide is mediated through the production of reactive oxygen species. The site of action of sulfur dioxide is the chloroplast and deleterious effects on foliar tissue depend on light and photosynthetic electron transport. Protection may be afforded, in part, by components of the antioxidant (photo)scavenging cycle. Relative resistance to sulfur dioxide and cross-resistance to other oxidative stresses which originate in the chloroplast have been correlated, in many cases, with elevated levels of various antioxidant proteins and/or substrates. Recent studies utilizing differentially sensitive cultivars, antioxidant enzyme analyses which differentiate between specific isoforms at the gene and protein levels, and plants genetically engineered to alter the expression of specific antioxidant isozymes, have provided new insights into the mechanisms of resistance to sulfur dioxide and other stresses. These data suggest that complex regulatory mechanisms function at both the gene and protein level to coordinate antioxidant responses and that a critical role is played by organellar localization and inter-compartment coordination. An involvement of a strong developmental component in resistance is indicated.
Mode-switching of a voltage-gated cation channel is mediated by a protein kinase A-regulated tyrosine phosphatase

Tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases are abundant in central nervous system tissue, yet the role of these enzymes in the modulation of neuronal excitability is unknown. Patch-clamp studies of an Aplysia voltage-gated cation channel now demonstrate that a tyrosine phosphatase endogenous to excised patches determines both the gating mode of the channel and the response of the channel to protein kinase A. Moreover, a switch in gating modes similar to that triggered by the phosphatase occurs at the onset of a prolonged change in the excitability of Aplysia bag cell neurons.
Instability and predictability of factor betas of industrial stocks: The Flexible Least Squares solutions

Abstract By using the Flexible Least Squares (FLS) method, this study traces out month-to-month alterations in factor betas. The time variation paths of factor betas reveal time-varying correlations between different factor betas. Moreover, the FLS method is found to be able to produce more accurate and stable forecasts of industry costs of equity than rolling regressions and other methods, in terms of smaller forecasting errors and standard deviation of forecasting errors, thanks to the better estimates of factor betas.
Friction transitions in nanocrystalline nickel

Nanocrystalline Ni films with 20–100 nm size grains exhibited either of two distinct friction behaviors, μ ∼ 0.30–0.35 or μ ∼ 0.6–0.7, depending upon the contact pressure and sliding speed. Friction-induced changes to grain structure were analyzed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy of wear surfaces. Formation of stable ultrafine nanocrystalline layers with 2–10 nm size grains underneath the wear surface may be responsible for the observed friction transitions, possibly due to a transition from traditional dislocation plasticity to deformation controlled by grain boundaries.
Apparent fiber digestibility and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations with ingestion of two types of dietary fiber.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are products of dietary fiber fermentation. As such, fiber digestibility is thought to be related to SCFA production. The effects of two concentrations of cereal fiber as wheat bran (WB) and vegetable fiber (VF) on fiber digestibility were examined in 34 free-living volunteers. Five diets consisting of a fiber-free liquid nutrition supplement and quick breads containing either (1) 0 g of fiber, (2) 10 g of WB, (3) 30 g of WB, (4) 10 g of VF, or (5) 30 g of VF were consumed in random order. Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was determined. Colonic fluid, collected by in vivo dialysis in 9 subjects, was analyzed for SCFAs by gas chromatography. Digestibility of NDF was greater with WB than with VF ingestion in those 9 subjects, but digestibility was not different with ingestion of both fibers when all 34 subjects were considered. No effect of intake level was seen with either WB or VF. Fiber ingestion increased acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentra...
Gene Frequency Changes in Soybean Bulk Populations Exposed to Phytophthora Rot

(...)Tracy' (having resistance genes Rps1-b and Rps3) was crossed with Forrest' and a highly susceptible breeding line, D55-1492. Forrest has no known genes for resistance to phytophthora rot, but shows minimal injury from the disease in field plantings where D55-1492 shows stand loss or is severely stunted. Populations were advanced on clay soil known to be predominantly infested with Race 1 of the pathogen.(...)
Constrained control and optimization of tubular solid oxide fuel cells for extending cell lifetime

Extending fuel cell lifetime is a necessary objective for reducing fuel cell power generation cost of electricity. Capital costs comprise the most significant fraction of the cost of electricity. Reducing the frequency of fuel cell replacement can be achieved by implementing a control strategy that prevents excursions into operating regions causing failure. In this paper we implement a constrained MIMO model predictive controller (MPC) to avoid the failure modes relevant for a high-temperature tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system while performing load-following. The primary causes of failure are catalyst poisoning, fuel or air starvation, carbon deposition, and microcracking. Prior steady-state thermomechanical stress analysis in literature has demonstrated that the minimum cell temperature and maximum negative radial thermal gradient are primary causes of microcracking in the SOFC. State-of-the-art SOFC control literature often seeks to track a mean or outlet cell temperature. The authors have presented the first approach to control the primary two causes of thermally-driven microcracking in tubular SOFCs using constrained control. Constraints are also incorporated into a steady-state optimization to ensure a feasible optimum.
SIMULTANEOUS ORDERING OF HOLES AND SPINS IN LA2NIO4.125

We report a single-crystal neutron diffraction study of the incommensurate magnetic ordering that occurs in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Ni${\mathrm{O}}_{4.125}$ below 110 K. Besides the magnetic first and third harmonic Bragg peaks, we have also observed second harmonic peaks associated with charge ordering. The magnitude of the incommensurate splitting, $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, is strongly temperaure dependent. Lock-in behavior indicates that $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ tends to rational fractions, while regions of continuous variation suggest a devil's staircase. Analysis of these features indicates that the holes, induced by the excess oxygen, order in domain walls that form antiphase boundaries between antiferromagnetic domains.
Invariance principles for stochastic area and related stochastic integrals

Given an antisymmetric kernel K (K(z, z′) = −K(z′, z)) and i.i.d. random variates Zn, n⩾1, such that EK2(Z1, Z2)<∞, set An = ∑1⩽i⩽j⩽n K(Zi,Zj), n⩾1. If the Zn's are two-dimensional and K is the determinant function, An is a discrete analogue of Paul Levy's so-called stochastic area. Using a general functional central limit theorem for stochastic integrals, we obtain limit theorems for the An's which mirror the corresponding results for the symmetric kernels that figure in theory of U-statistics.
Vortices in shear

Abstract The nature and stability of Kida's exact, time-dependent solutions for uniform, elliptical vortices in an ambient strain field are investigated. In addition to the classical Love mode of instability, we discover a class of resonant instabilities. Our linearized analysis is supplemented by numerical simulations of vortices in shear which follow the non-linear development of some of these instabilities.
Use of magnetic resonance imaging scanning in adrenocortical carcinoma with vena caval involvement

We report on 2 cases of an adrenocortical carcinoma with vena caval involvement. Preoperative evaluation included a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan confirming the presence of vena caval involvement. Extremely precise detail of the vena caval tumor thrombus was very helpful in preparing for the surgical extirpation. MRI detail far outweighed what was seen on the computed tomography scan and venacavogram. The MRI scan correlated exactly with what was found surgically. Although MRI scanning has been used to evaluate renal tumors with vena caval extension, few cases have been reported with similar adrenal tumors.
Progress in Density of States Measurements of Al Lightly Doped with Mn

Alloys of Al lightly doped with Mn are tunable superconductors, potentially useful in normal-metal/insulator/superconductor refrigerators. The superconducting transition temperature varies with Mn concentration and the density of states is like a BCS superconductor with a reduced gap. We present results from superconducting tunnel junction measurements that demonstrate the BCS-like density of states. We discuss the limitations of our measurements based upon purity of the materials used to fabricate tunnel junctions, as well as our expectations for new measurements with cleaner materials.
Optical Information Processing Components

This special issue of Optical Engineering addresses a number of critical issues in the continuing invention, development, and characterization of components for optical information processing and computing applications. This is the second in an annual series of related special issues, initiated with the publication of "Spatial Light Modulators: Critical Issues" (Optical Engineering, Vol. 22, No. 6, November/ December 1983). Although the last two decades have witnessed tremendous progress in the invention and development of optical processing techniques, architectures, and algorithms, only limited optical hardware is currently available for the implementation of such concepts. As a result, extensive software and numerous system schematics exist for a multiplicity of processor configurations that in almost all cases have not proven implementable in compact systems capable of high frame rate operation. A notable exception is the excellent performance record of optical processors based on one-dimensional acoustooptic transducers. Such acoustooptic devices have gained wide use and acceptance in military and commercial sectors for applications such as spectrum analysis, signal correlation, light modulation, and laser beam scanning and steering.
Tissue specificity of cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T and creatine kinase-MB

The purpose of the paper is to review the tissue specificity of creatine kinase (CK)-MB, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in human and animal heart and skeletal muscle. Alterations are described which demonstrate that CK-MB is expressed in human skeletal muscle, and is not 100% specific for the heart. cTnI has been shown to be 100% specific for the heart. While cTnT isoforms are expressed in injured skeletal muscle, they are not detected by the diagnostic assays used in clinical practice. Therefore, cTnI or cTnT challenge CK-MB as the new standards for detection of myocardial injury.
Exemplar prototypes of personality disorder diagnoses.

Abstract The applicability of the prototype model to the DSM-III personality disorders was examined by attempting to isolate prototype cases (both high interclinician agreement and fast diagnostic reaction time). Twenty clinicians assigned diagnoses to 30 cases selected to represent the 11 personality disorders. Prototype cases were located for seven of the personality disorders. Also examined were differences among the clinicians according to profession (psychology/psychiatry) and level of experience (student/faculty). No difference was found according to profession using reaction time or agreement data, but interprofessional diagnostic differences were noted on individual cases. Experience had a significant effect on diagnostic speed, but not on agreement. A multidimensional scaling solution yielded a circumplex ordering of the personality disorders.
Species specificity of immunity to malignant transformed cultured insect cells

The specificity of malignantly transformed cultured cells of the German cockroach was assayed by injecting the cells into eight additional species of cockroaches in three families. All species but the most advanced one were susceptible. The range of lethal times for the different species reflected their relationship to the species from which the cells originated. The abilities of the injected hosts to encapsulate implants of embryo fragments of the German cockroach and microcarrier beads paralleled their resistance against the malignant cells. The order of susceptibility of the cockroach species to a pathogenic amoeba paralleled their susceptibility to the malignant cells, but death from the amoeba occurred in a much shorter time. Hematocrit values were higher in the more resistant species.
Structural and functional analysis of the transcriptional regulator Rv3066 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The Mmr multidrug efflux pump recognizes and actively extrudes a broad range of antimicrobial agents, and promotes the intrinsic resistance to these antimicrobials in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The expression of Mmr is controlled by the TetR-like transcriptional regulator Rv3066, whose open reading frame is located downstream of the mmr operon. To understand the structural basis of Rv3066 regulation, we have determined the crystal structures of Rv3066, both in the absence and presence of bound ethidium, revealing an asymmetric homodimeric two-domain molecule with an entirely helical architecture. The structures underscore the flexibility and plasticity of the regulator essential for multidrug recognition. Comparison of the apo-Rv3066 and Rv3066-ethidium crystal structures suggests that the conformational changes leading to drug-mediated derepression is primarily due to a rigid body rotational motion within the dimer interface of the regulator. The Rv3066 regulator creates a multidrug-binding pocket, which contains five aromatic residues. The bound ethidium is found buried within the multidrug-binding site, where extensive aromatic stacking interactions seemingly govern the binding. In vitro studies reveal that the dimeric Rv3066 regulator binds to a 14-bp palindromic inverted repeat sequence in the nanomolar range. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of ligand binding and Rv3066 regulation.
Photoelectric observations of Fexiv coronal depletion: 20 April 1976

On 20 April 1976 a coronal emission line transient was observed on the west limb of the Sun using a λ5303 Fexiv detection system and the Sacramento Peak Observatory's 40 cm coronagraph. The transient as observed at a single sample point, and the time scale for this event was found to be about 40 min. Limb scans before and after the event are used to estimate the amount of coronal mass involved in this relatively slow event. A depletion of the inner corona of 4.4 × 1038 electrons (8.8 × 1014 G) is inferred by differencing pre- and post-event model electron density distributions.
Radiation-induced decomposition of explosives under extreme conditions

We present high-pressure and high temperature studies of the synchrotron radiation-induced decomposition of powder secondary high explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) using white beam synchrotron radiation at the 16 BM-B and 16 BM-D sectors of the HP-CAT beamline at the Advanced Photon Source. The radiation-induced decomposition rate TATB showed dramatic slowing with pressure up to 26.6 GPa (the highest pressure studied), implying a positive activation volume of the activated complex. The decomposition rate of PETN varied little with pressure up to 15.7 GPa (the highest pressure studied). Diffraction line intensities were measured as a function of time using energy-dispersive methods. By measuring the decomposition rate as a function of pressure and temperature, kinetic and other constants associated with the decomposition reactions were extracted.
Karen Horney's theory in today's world.

Karen Homey introduced me to psychoanalysis. Beginning in 1934 I was in training with her for over five years and was closely associated with her until her death in 1952. This long, intimate association with Dr. Homey I will always regard as my greatest good fortune. All that she and I shared and all that i subsequently shared with my numerous colleagues who were directly and indirectly related to her gave me a great wealth of lasting impressions, memories, feelings, thoughts, and strong opinions and beliefs. Tonight I am going to try to distill and extract from this experience of over forty years what I think are some of the essential elements in Dr. Horney's philosophy, elements to which 1 attribute much of the effectiveness and appeal of her theral~utic approach and that account for much of the strength and the extent of her influence. Karen Horney was primarily a therapist. She described a therapist as someone who did not treat an ailment, but treated an individual who had an a i lmen t a hint of what later would characterize her whole approach. Originally a Freudian, she agreed with Freud that psychoanalysis in its best and widest sense and application was a form of self-education. She believed with the ancient Greeks that an unexamified life is not worth living and saw in psychoanalysis her preferred way to "know thyself." She appreciated the value of psychoanalysis long before an antagonistic medical world accepted it. Freud's radically new conception and approach to the so-called psychotics and neurotics had changed the whole course of psychiatry and brought new life and hope to millions of sufferers from mental and emotional illness who previously had been ostracized and stigmatized as evil and crazy. Homey was in the vanguard of this march of enlightenment. She never turned her back on Freud, b~t was among the first to deviate and to refute Freud's theories, particularly his belief that we were inevitable victims of our inborn instincts and our physical constitution. From the very beginning she began to break away from Freud's rigid orthodoxy and his fixed belief in determinism, in so doing she helped to overcome the fatalism, negativism, and pessimism that marked the Freudian school of thought. Advancing beyond Freud and without negating the role of instincts and physical constitution, she included and emphasized the powerful formative role of culture in our development. She believed that the culture of our time created conflicts, problems, and pressures that forced many individuals to adapt in ways that were self-defeating
Teenage Drivers and Fatal Crash Responsibility

Data from national files on fatal crashes are analyzed to reveal that young drivers, especially sixteen and seventeen year olds, are more often responsible for fatal crashes than are older drivers. This is particularly the case for young males. Moreover, those killed in crashes for which teenagers are responsible are disproportionately people other than the teenaged drivers. A possible explanation for these facts lies in the "macho" culture of teenaged males. Potential countermeasures include those directed to limiting the driving exposure of teenagers as well as technological devices to moderate the injury-producing forces in crashes.
Cobalt–Magnesium and Iron–Magnesium Complexes with Weakened Dinitrogen Bridges

The cooperative binding of N2 by late transition metals and main-group metals is a promising strategy for N-N bond weakening and activation. We report the use of activated Rieke magnesium for reduction of iron and cobalt complexes supported by bulky β-diketiminate ligands. Binding of N2 is accompanied by assembly of a linear M-NN-Mg-NN-M (M = Co, Fe) core with N-N bonds that are weakened, as judged by infrared spectroscopy. Both the cobalt and iron complexes require THF solvent, because of Mg-THF binding. The cobalt complex can be isolated as a pure solid, but the iron complex is stable only in solution. These results demonstrate the correlation between the binding mode and N-N weakening in heterobimetallic N2 complexes.
A quasilinear Volterra integral equation in Banach spaces

We consider a Volterra integral equation of the form defined in a separable Banach space X. We prove two existence theorems by considering the linear integral equation , where u(·) belongs to a suitable function space
Unsteady, Conjugated Duct Heat Transfer Solution with Wall Heating

An analytical model for time-varying surface heat flux, consisting of two integrals, is used to solve for the wall temperature and fluid bulk mean temperature distributions as a function of axial position and time. This is done for a parallel plate duct with generation occurring in the duct walls. A solution is found using the Laplace transform for the case of generation rate varying linearly with axial position, a situation for which the flux model is exact at small time. A solution, using the flux model, is also found for a wall generation rate that is linear axially and exponential in time. Results from the two integral flux model used are compared to results with a finite difference solution of the governing partial differential equation
Perspective Differences in the Construal of Lies: Is Deception in the Eye of the Beholder?

To examine the potential of role-based motives to influence the interpretation of lies, the authors asked participants to evaluate a dating scenario from the perspective of lie teller, lie receiver, or observer. As a means of varying participants’ emotional involvement with the scenarios, half were asked to provide an explanation of the scenario’s events before responding to questionnaire items about the lie teller and lie receiver. It was expected that those role-playing lie tellers and lie receivers would interpret the deceptive situation self-servingly. Results indicated that role-based perspectives significantly influenced participants’ judgments regarding the deception and both lie-teller and lie-receiver roles were associated with negative affect. The social implications of motivated construals of lying are considered.
Gut Immune Balance Is as Easy as S-F-B

Microbes appear to modulate homeostatic plasticity of T helper and T regulatory cells. In this issue of Immunity, Gaboriau-Routhiau et al. (2009) now reveal that segmented filamentous bacteria uniquely coordinate the intestinal T cell profile. The potential implications of this process to various immune functions are discussed.