cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An architecture for efficient multimodal gravitational wave parameter estimation with linear surrogate models

The recent direct detection of gravitational waves has further emphasized the need for fast, low-cost, and accurate methods to infer the parameters of gravitational wave sources. The performance of these calculations is limited by the cost of evaluating the likelihood function, due to expense in data handling and waveform generation. Building on recently developed surrogate models and a novel parameter estimation pipeline, we show how to quickly generate the likelihood function as a simple, analytic closed-form expression. Using a simple variant of a production-scale parameter estimation code, we demonstrate our method using surrogate models of effective-one-body and numerical relativity waveforms. Our study is the first time these models have been used for parameter estimation and one of the first ever PE calculations with multi-modal numerical relativity waveforms. Our grid-free method enables rapid parameter estimation for any waveform with a suitable reduced-order model. The methods described in this paper may also find use in other data analysis pipelines, such as vetting coincident events or the computation of the coalescing-compact-binary detection statistic.
Trading on a rigged game: outcome manipulation in prediction markets

Prediction markets are popular mechanisms for aggregating information about a future event. In situations where market participants may significantly influence the outcome, running the prediction market could change the incentives of participants in the process that creates the outcome. We propose a new game-theoretic model that captures two aspects of real-world prediction markets: (1) agents directly affect the outcome the market is predicting, (2) some outcome-deciders may not participate in the market. We show that this game has two types of equilibria: When some outcome-deciders are unlikely to participate in the market, equilibrium prices reveal expected market outcomes conditional on participants' private information, whereas when all outcome-deciders are likely to participate, equilibria are collusive - agents effectively coordinate in an uninformative and untruthful way.
List of Rhode Island Caddisflies (Trichoptera) with New Records from Block Island

ABSTRACT: Eleven species of caddisflies are reported from Block Island, Washington County, Rhode Island, nine of which are new state records. A complete updated list of Rhode Island Trichoptera is provided.
Measuring and Manipulating the Adhesion of Graphene

We present a technique to precisely measure the surface energies between two-dimensional materials and substrates that is simple to implement and allows exploration of spatial and chemical control of adhesion at the nanoscale. As an example, we characterize the delamination of single-layer graphene from monolayers of pyrene tethered to glass in water and maximize the work of separation between these surfaces by varying the density of pyrene groups in the monolayer. Control of this energy scale enables high-fidelity graphene-transfer protocols that can resist failure under sonication. Additionally, we find that the work required for graphene peeling and readhesion exhibits a dramatic rate-independent hysteresis, differing by a factor of 100. This work establishes a rational means to control the adhesion of 2D materials and enables a systematic approach to engineer stimuli-responsive adhesives and mechanical technologies at the nanoscale.
Coherent Visual Description of Textual Instructions

Text is the easiest means to record information but need not always be the best means for understanding a concept. In psychological theories, it is argued that when information is presented visually, it provides a better means to understand a concept. While techniques exist for generating text from a given image, the inverse problem that is to automatically fetch coherent images to represent a given set of instructions (sequence of text), is a hard one. In this paper, we present a novel multistage framework to convert textual instructions into coherent visual descriptions (text instructions annotated with images). The key components in the proposed approach are: (i) novel framework, which combines the text as well as image analysis to generate visual descriptions; (ii) ensure coherency across visual descriptions, using a combination of deep learning and graph based approach. Effectiveness of our proposed approach is shown through a user study on a dataset of instructions and corresponding images collected from WikiHow website.
Novel drug combination unleashes apoptosis in AML

The combination of p53 activation and Bcl-2 inhibition reciprocally overcomes apoptosis resistance and leads to synergistic efficacy in acute myeloid leukemia.
Automatic prostate MR image segmentation with sparse label propagation and domain-specific manifold regularization

Automatic prostate segmentation in MR images plays an important role in prostate cancer diagnosis. However, there are two main challenges: (1) Large inter-subject prostate shape variations; (2) Inhomogeneous prostate appearance. To address these challenges, we propose a new hierarchical prostate MR segmentation method, with the main contributions lying in the following aspects: First, the most salient features are learnt from atlases based on a subclass discriminant analysis (SDA) method, which aims to find a discriminant feature subspace by simultaneously maximizing the inter-class distance and minimizing the intra-class variations. The projected features, instead of only voxel-wise intensity, will be served as anatomical signature of each voxel. Second, based on the projected features, a new multi-atlases sparse label fusion framework is proposed to estimate the prostate likelihood of each voxel in the target image from the coarse level. Third, a domain-specific semi-supervised manifold regularization method is proposed to incorporate the most reliable patient-specific information identified by the prostate likelihood map to refine the segmentation result from the fine level. Our method is evaluated on a T2 weighted prostate MR image dataset consisting of 66 patients and compared with two state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Experimental results show that our method consistently achieves the highest segmentation accuracies than other methods under comparison.
CHAPTER 200 – Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinase

The family of protein kinases is huge, with some estimates of the number of gene products expressed in cells that belong to this family at around 5 percent. And protein phosphorylation, being the important and widespread regulator of cell function that it is, is a major area of interest in every biological process. The emergence of nitric oxide (NO) signaling between cells in biological systems over the past two decades has opened up new fields of exploration in such areas as vascular biology and neuroscience. Because NO signaling involves one of the more established intracellular signaling molecules, namely cyclic GMP, there has been a renewed interest among investigators to learn more about this signaling pathway. This chapter highlights one major player in the cyclic GMP signaling pathway, the cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Although this particular protein kinase was among the first half-dozen protein kinases discovered more than 30 years ago, its role in biological systems is still not as well-defined as some of the more recently discovered protein kinases. This chapter also presents a few of the earlier seminal findings regarding the function of this enzyme and examine more thoroughly information that has come to light recently.
Teaching chi-square goodness of fit test using simulation in introductory classes

Computer simulation has become an important tool in teaching statistics. Research has shown that use of computer simulation methods in the classroom as opposed to traditional methods of teaching would enhance the understanding of the concepts using visual illustrations. This article describes how to use simulation in EXCEL to perform a chi-square goodness of fit test. The EXCEL Data Table facility and standard EXCEL functions are used to calculate the test statistic for different random samples and the corresponding p-value. The empirical distribution of the test statistic is also tabulated and it agrees closely with the theoretical distribution. The p-value is compared with the exact value obtained from the EXCEL function CHISQ.DIST.RT and it is found to be very accurate. This approach will enhance the students' ability to understand the meaning of the p-value and to interpret the results of hypothesis testing. Our preliminary assessment shows that this approach will enhance the student learning of the concepts.
The Purported Procurement Priority of Lifesaving Organs Over Non-Lifesaving Organs: Uterus Transplants and the Ethical Importance of Potential Lives.

I argue that Bruno and Arora’s prescription that uterus removal for transplantation should occur only after the procurement of vital organs is unjustified (Bruno and Arora 2018). The justification ...
A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research

Abstract Values are a guiding principle in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and a vital element of both ACT research and clinical assessment. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence for the utility and efficacy of quantitative survey measures that assess values within an ACT study framework. Online databases were searched using key words to identify research articles administering values-based assessments. A thorough database search yielded 65 separate articles that met inclusion criteria, and eight validated scales measuring values. Value-scale psychometric studies that met inclusion criteria were assessed for content validity, internal consistency, and construct validity. Results provide information to guide future researchers regarding the most psychometrically sound and appropriate measures that assess values across multiple criteria. While the measures vary significantly in psychometric properties, the Valuing Questionnaire, the Engaged Living Scale (either short or long form), and the Valued Living Scale appear to have the strongest methodological support. Important future directions include further psychometric studies across all measures to assess their utility in more diverse contexts (e.g., randomized controlled trials, time-lagged, and other controlled studies of ACT treatment) and populations (e.g., age, health, race, ethnicity, nationality, etc.) with consideration of a measure's definition of values within an ACT context.
On Order Statistics and Some Applications of Combinatorial Methods in Statistics

Abstract : The objective of the present report is to present some of the basic results in the theory of order statistics, describe the trend of the work done in certain areas by referring to the landmark papers and indicate some of the recent results. After a brief description of the basic theory (Section 2) and the results concerning moments and inequalities (Section 3), some important asymptotic results of Gnedenko, Smirnov, Renyi, Berman and Kiefer have been discussed in Section 4. The next two sections deal with some applications of combinatorial methods in the theory of order statistics and fluctation theory. These results are mainly conerned with the applications of the ballot lemma and its generalizations and the use of the equivalence principle. Section 7 gives an outline of some problems in estimation and hypothesis testing. The last section discusses the role of order statistics in the subset selection problems and the algebraic structure involved in identification problems. (Author)
An integrated nanophotonic quantum register based on silicon-vacancy spins in diamond

Quantum networks hold the promise of secure communication, guaranteed by fundamental laws of physics. Building such networks, however, requires quantum nodes that can relay this quantum information. Here, the authors address practical considerations necessary for building a quantum network node using silicon-vacancy color centers (SiVs) in diamond. Specifically, they describe improvements in nanophotonic cavity design and fabrication, as well as the roles that strain, spin bath, and heating have in performing spin-photon and spin-spin entanglement experiments with SiVs at 100-mK temperatures.
Karyotypes of the North American Parthenogenetic Whiptail Lizard Aspidoscelis velox, and Return of Aspidoscelis innotatus to the Synonymy of A. velox (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae)

Aspidoscelis velox is a triploid parthenogenetic species with clonal inheritance. We studied karyotypes of population samples representing diverse localities from much of its range. All specimens were triploids, but six different karyotypes were found with small differences among them, apparently resulting from chromosomal mutations that occurred after the origin of the species. As in other parthenogens, karyotypes and allozymes reveal variant clones in A. velox, but we do not recommend naming any of these genetic lineages as separate species. Specimens from the vicinity of Kanab, Kane County, Utah, have been treated by other herpetologists as a separate but morphologically similar species, Aspidoscelis innotatus, based on the assumption that they represented a diploid species. That assumption, made without any genetic evidence of ploidy, was recently based on evidence of histoincompatibility among certain population samples, but that could have been caused by factors other than ploidy (e.g., mutations at histocompatibility loci). We have examined specimens from Kane County, Utah, and all individuals were triploids similar to other population samples of A. velox from Arizona and New Mexico.
Prognostic value of tumour suppression genes (TP53, PTEN, Rb) in metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer

Abstract Background Loss of tumour suppressor genes (TSGs), TP53, PTEN and Rb are common in advanced prostate cancer. They are associated with worse outcomes in hormone-resistant prostate cancer. However, the prognostic value of TSGs loss in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) is unknown. Therefore we sought to evaluate the prognostic value of TSGs loss on progression-free survival (PFS) in mHSPC. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with mHSPC treated at Mayo Clinic Arizona between 2015 and 2018. Clinical characteristics, first-line treatment, and TSGs alterations were recorded. TSG-altered (TSG-alt) was defined as an alteration in ≥ 1 TSG (TP53, PTEN or Rb). Demographics and clinical characteristics were compared between groups by chi-square test for frequency data or Kruskal Wallis rank-sum test for continuous measures. PFS was estimated based on the Kaplan-Meier method and compared between groups by the log-rank test. Results 59 patients with mHSPC were included. 41 (69%) patients received first-line treatment with abiraterone and 18 (31%) patients with docetaxel. 32 patients (54%) had TSG-alt. 20 patients (39%) had damage to 1 TSG, 11 patients (19%) had damage to 2 TSGs, and 1 patient had damage to all 3. Clinical characteristics, prior locoregional treatment, and metastatic disease on diagnosis were similar between TSG-alt and TSG-normal groups. The rate of damaging alterations to the genes was: TP53 21 patients (35.6%), PTEN 21 patients (35.6%), and Rb 3 patients (5.1%). Median PFS was 33.2 mos (95% CI 23.1-NE) for TSG-normal versus 19.7 mos (95% CI 14.4-30.0) for TSG-alt, p = 0.005. There was no difference in PFS between having 1 TSG alteration (18.4 mos; 95% CI 14.7 - NE) vs ≥ 2 TSG alterations (21.8 mos; 95% CI 10.6 - NE) or between first-line treatments with abiraterone (20.2 mos; 95% CI 14.7-35.1) vs docetaxel (19.6 mos; 95% CI 8.0 - NE) in those with TSG-alt. Conclusions Loss of TSGs function is common in patients with mHSPC, and is prognostic for early progression during first-line treatment. The presence of ≥ 1 TSG-alt indicates an adverse prognostic impact in mHSPC. Confirmation of these findings may establish the need for inclusion of molecular stratification when defining high risk mHSPC patients. Legal entity responsible for the study Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Power Quality Evaluation and Optimization of Sensor-less Field Oriented Controller on 32-bit ARM Cortex Microcontroller

Electronic speed controller (ESC) is an important subsystem in drones, which are used to control and regulate the speed of its electric motor. For the high-end drones which require longer flight times, higher dynamic behavior with smooth and stable performance, Field Oriented Controllers (FOC) which power three-phase sinusoidal back-EMF motors are typically used to provide the required high efficiency, small torque ripple and dynamic performance. This paper proposes an analysis method based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) over the measured motor current, in order to optimize the system parameters such as modulation period, CPU clock frequency and power supply voltage. As proof of concept, a FOC-based ESC implemented in a generic 32-bit microcontroller is studied. Findings show that the power quality and motor dynamic performance of a FOC ESC depends strongly on modulation period and relatively insensitive with respect to CPU voltage and frequency scaling.
Black Names, Immigrant Names: Navigating Race and Ethnicity Through Personal Names:

This article explores the naming patterns of a new African immigrant group in the United States to discuss the creative ways that Black immigrants navigate their racialized immigrant identities and...
Ed Sullivan and model-based ocean acoustic signal processing

Ed Sullivan was a pioneer in model-based signal processing and his contributions have inspired numerous scientists in the fields of acoustic signal processing and ocean acoustics. Work by Ed and his colleagues is among the first efforts to formulate ocean acoustic inverse problems in a sequential filtering framework; methods were developed that overcome the destructive role of mismatch between assumed and true physics in inverse problems. In paper “Model-based ocean acoustic signal processing,” Acoustics Today, July 2011, Ed Sullivan identifies three main directions in signal processing, detection, classification, and estimation; he focuses on estimation and presents a study of model-based methods for inverse problems and how those methods can be successfully applied to the field of ocean acoustics. This presentation reviews these applications and discusses the impact of Ed Sullivan’s contributions on other advances in ocean acoustic signal processing.
Research on Interactive Staff Training

Faculty at the University of Chicago Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation have begun to study many of the principles that support interactive staff training (IST). Some of these investigations have examined selected assumptions of IST by assessing a variety of domains. Other studies have explored the effects of IST on staff and consumers using the design strategies reviewed in Chapter 7. We have also drawn on a variety of other research approaches to address relevant questions, including simple correlation matrices, cross-lagged panel designs, path analyses, within-group differences over time, and time series analyses. Interesting findings from these studies are reported in this chapter.
Estimation of the Severity of Aortic Insufficiency by HVAD Flow Waveform

Purpose Aortic insufficiency (AI) significantly affects morbidity and mortality in patients with left ventricular assist devices. Although AI may be commonly assessed by echocardiography, expert techniques are required for accurate quantification of AI severity. Description In this prospective blinded study, screenshots from the HVAD (Medtronic, Framingham, MA) display and simultaneous echocardiographic measurements were obtained. Each screenshot was digitized and the early diastolic phase slope was calculated, with blinding to the echocardiographic results. The regurgitant fraction of AI was quantified by Doppler echocardiography of the outflow graft. Evaluation A total of 30 patients (median, 57 years old; 57% male) were enrolled. A cutoff of −17.6 L/min/s for the early diastolic phase slope had a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.53 to estimate significant AI with a regurgitant fraction of 30% or greater, and it significantly stratified patients into a low regurgitant faction group (0.3%) and a high regurgitant fraction group (33.0%) (P = .009). The early diastolic phase slope had a moderate correlation with the actually measured regurgitant fraction (r = .50). Conclusions The early diastolic phase slope of the HVAD flow waveform may be a parameter that can estimate the presence of clinically significant AI.
Parkinson Hyperpyrexia Syndrome

Parkinsonism-hyperpyrexia syndrome (PHS) is a life-threatening condition characterized by high fever, muscle rigidity, elevated creatine phosphokinase, autonomic instability, and altered consciousness. PHS is considered to be a state of acute functional dopamine deficiency, with transient refractoriness to dopamine replacement therapy (DRT). Treatment consists of escalating doses and frequency of DRT and supportive measures to prevent systemic complications.
Algorithmic localization of high-density EEG electrode positions using motion capture.

Abstract Background Accurate source localization from electroencephalography (EEG) requires electrode co-registration to brain anatomy, a process that depends on precise measurement of 3D scalp locations. Stylus digitizers and camera-based scanners for such measurements require the subject to remain still and therefore are not ideal for young children or those with movement disorders. New method Motion capture accurately measures electrode position in one frame but marker placement adds significant setup time, particularly in high-density EEG. We developed an algorithm, named MoLo and implemented as an open-source MATLAB toolbox, to compute 3D electrode coordinates from a subset of positions measured in motion capture using spline interpolation. Algorithm accuracy was evaluated across 5 different-sized head models. Results MoLo interpolation reduced setup time by approximately 10 min for 64-channel EEG. Mean electrode interpolation error was 2.95 ± 1.3 mm (range: 0.38–7.98 mm). Source localization errors with interpolated compared to true electrode locations were below 1 mm and 0.1 mm in 75 % and 35 % of dipoles, respectively. Comparison with existing methods MoLo location accuracy is comparable to stylus digitizers and camera-scanners, common in clinical research. The MoLo algorithm could be deployed with other tools beyond motion capture, e.g., a stylus, to extract high-density EEG electrode locations from a subset of measured positions. The algorithm is particularly useful for research involving young children and others who cannot remain still for extended time periods. Conclusions Electrode position and source localization errors with MoLo are similar to other modalities supporting its use to measure high-density EEG electrode positions in research and clinical settings.
Effects of speech-rhythm disruption on selective listening with a single background talker.

Recent work by McAuley et al. (Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, 82, 3222–3233, 2020) using the Coordinate Response Measure (CRM) paradigm with a multitalker background revealed that altering the natural rhythm of target speech amidst background speech worsens target recognition (a target-rhythm effect), while altering background speech rhythm improves target recognition (a background-rhythm effect). Here, we used a single-talker background to examine the role of specific properties of target and background sound patterns on selective listening without the complexity of multiple background stimuli. Experiment 1 manipulated the sex of the background talker, presented with a male target talker, to assess target and background-rhythm effects with and without a strong pitch cue to aid perceptual segregation. Experiment 2 used a vocoded single-talker background to examine target and background-rhythm effects with envelope-based speech rhythms preserved, but without semantic content or temporal fine structure. While a target-rhythm effect was present with all backgrounds, the background-rhythm effect was only observed for the same-sex background condition. Results provide additional support for a selective entrainment hypothesis, while also showing that the background-rhythm effect is not driven by envelope-based speech rhythm alone, and may be reduced or eliminated when pitch or other acoustic differences provide a strong basis for selective listening.
The Running Intersection Relaxation of the Multilinear Polytope

The multilinear polytope of a hypergraph is the convex hull of a set of binary points satisfying a collection of multilinear equations. We introduce the running intersection inequalities, a new cla...
Developing a Conversational Recommendation System for Navigating Limited Options

We have developed a conversational recommendation system designed to help users navigate through a set of limited options to find the best choice. Unlike many internet scale systems that use a singular set of search terms and return a ranked list of options from amongst thousands, our system uses multi-turn user dialog to deeply understand the users preferences. The system responds in context to the users specific and immediate feedback to make sequential recommendations. We envision our system would be highly useful in situations with intrinsic constraints, such as finding the right restaurant within walking distance or the right retail item within a limited inventory. Our research prototype instantiates the former use case, leveraging real data from Google Places, Yelp, and Zomato. We evaluated our system against a similar system that did not incorporate user feedback in a 16 person remote study, generating 64 scenario-based search journeys. When our recommendation system was successfully triggered, we saw both an increase in efficiency and a higher confidence rating with respect to final user choice. We also found that users preferred our system (75%) compared with the baseline.
Evaluating Ineffective Treatments: A Proposed Model for Discussing Futility in Psychiatric Illness.

Background Treatment futility and terminality discussions arise rarely in psychiatric practice, frequently instilling apprehension, as there is little written that defines these terms in relation to mental illness. It therefore remains uncertain how to deal with cases that are refractory to multimodal interventions and that demonstrate limited improvement or even a worsening trajectory. Any viable solution needs to respect patient autonomy and maintain both beneficence and nonmaleficence, while taking into account the strained resources of the mental health care system as a whole. Objective This article reviews historical conflicts surrounding the notion of futility in psychiatric disorders, and proposes and elaborates a set of six criteria that psychiatrists can use in working through these difficult cases. Given the potential controversy involving futility in psychiatry, it proves helpful to understand its similarity to the notion of futility in standard medical contexts. This article also works through some of the common concerns or objections regarding the application of futility in psychiatric contexts. Conclusions Futility in psychiatric illness is a concept that the psychiatric community needs to understand and address, given the limited treatment options available to our field, as well as the limitations of health care resources. The proposed framework allows for ethically appropriate treatment decisions for treatment-resistant patients-respecting their individual wishes while ensuring appropriate care.
Nonlinear Model Predictive Control and Collision-Cone-Based Missile Guidance Algorithm

In this paper, a hybrid missile guidance algorithm is proposed for planar engagement scenarios. The method combines nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) with a collision cone approach, and ena...
Utilizing fuzzy logic for assessing "FAIRness" of a digital resource

The goal of this research is to examine the possibility of utilizing fuzzy logic to evaluate the uncertainty of FAIRness level (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) of a digital resource. To date, there are no FAIRness evaluation studies based on fuzzy logic. To measure this uncertainty, we built a Fuzzy FAIR Assessment Framework (FFAF). FFAF is based on the three main steps of fuzzy logic: fuzzification, inferencing, and defuzzification. Applying the FFAF model on the FAIR data principles led to a specific FAIRness level result. Overall, this research shows that fuzzy logic is an efficient technique for evaluating the FAIRness level of a digital resource.
The Intractable State of United States-Japan Relations

Because the Japanese economic challenge is the underlying source of friction in the United States-Japan relationship, a permanent state of potentially difficult relations will always be present between the United States and Japan. This challenge will aggravate both major and minor problems between the two countries. At the same time, since Japan's economic strength can promote American objectives, American cooperation with Japan should be attempted. Historically, the United States and Japan have worked out problems through negotiations involving American pressures and Japanese responses. While producing agreements, this approach has also engendered unhappy feelings in the process. The author believes that one solution to better manage the United States-Japan relationship would be the establishment of an independent bilateral institution by the two countries. This institution would be entrusted with the mission of providing an objective process to resolve disputes and to coordinate policies between the United States and Japan.
A Tutorial Introduction to Colored Petri Nets Framework for Model-Driven System Design and Engineering

Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) extend the vocabulary of ordinary Petri Nets and add features that make them suitable for modeling large systems. CPNs combine the strengths of ordinary Petri Nets with the strengths of a high-level programming language. Petri Nets provide the primitives for process interaction, while the programming language provides the primitives for the definition of data types and the manipulations of data values. CPNs and the associated integrated development environment, CPN Tools, have been designed and developed with practical applications and ease of use in mind. This paper introduces the audience to the basic concepts of CPNs as well as CPN Tools. We illustrate the key ideas, underlying concepts, software tools, and modeling techniques, by means of numerous real-life examples that emphasize practical applications of CPNs and CPN Tools. Readers need no prior familiarity with Petri nets, system design and analysis, modeling, simulation, or any particular computer language. Our examples include the approach and use of CPN Tools for building and executing hierarchical CPN models, which is useful in the context of model-driven systems engineering for large systems. Our goal is to introduce these topics and encourage the reader to investigate the modeling approach and tools themselves.
A therapeutic regimen for eclampsia

E CLABiIPS1.A still constitutes a major obstetric problem. Its incidence and mortality rate, although they vary throughout the country, remain on the average appallingly high. It was responsible for more than a third of the total maternal deaths in bhc six state hospitals of Louisiana during 1943, and the case fatality in the 161 cases t.reated in these institutions during that year was approximately 10 per cent (16 deaths). As far as I am able to ascertain from the voluminous literature, the 142 consecutive cases of eclampsia which I am reporting in this communication constitute the largest single series on record without a fatality. The material consists of 1.20 cases of eclampsia treated under my personal supervision and direct,ion at Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans during the five-year period ending January 1, 1944, and of 22 cases treated during 1941 at the Pineville Charity Ilospital, with the cooperation of Dr. John W. Williams. As there are no essential differences in the material, it will hereafter be analyzed as a unit. Although, as already stated, these cases were treated under my personal supervision and dire&ion, their uniformly successful outcome is due to t.he enthusiasm and warm cooperation of the visiling and resident staffs of Charity Hospital, including Dr. Frank J. Bertucci, Dr. William F. Guerrero, Dr. Daniel W. Goldman, Dr. Ben L. Cehman, Dr. Roland F. Phillips, Dr. Stephen L. Watson, and Dr. John W. Williams, the latter of whom later transferred to the Pincville Charity Hospital. I a,rn happy to acknowledge their share in this work, which many times required the continuous observation of patients, sometimes by several members of the staff, for hours on end. Such observation, as I shall point out later, had much to do with the successes achieved. All of these cases were treated by the same general, essentially eonservative plan, which was, however, modified to meet the circumstances of every individual case. We are convinced that the universal adopt,ion of a similar individualized but essentially conservative therapeutic regimen would materially reduce the general mortality in this disease. A review of t.he recent literature supports the point of view that the t,herapy of eclampsia is still unsettled. Thr rhief point of similarity
Humanizing the Financial Architecture of Globalization: A Tribute to the Work of Cynthia Lichtenstein

This Tribute reviews the many contributions by Cynthia Lichtenstein to the literature on international financial markets. When viewed as a whole, Professor Lichtenstein's work suggests that the globalization of the monetary system offers new opportunities for increased human welfare, but only if state and international regulators combine technical expertise with a genuine understanding of the human effects of global markets, much as Professor Lichtenstein does
THE NECESSITY OF CAPACITY BUILDING FOR INDONESIA'S EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF WTO DISPUTE SETTLEMENT MECHANISM: IMPLEMENTATION OF GATT ARTICLE XX FOR TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT ISSUES

Abstrak The World Trade Organization Agreement, aimed to also protect the environment, provides a special provision on environment under article xx. Any dispute arose between parties in respect to the article should be settled trough the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Although environmental protection should be sought in trade, it is often problematic for developing countries. They generally lack an adequate domestic environmental legislation and its enforcement because they place greater priority on economic development. Indeed, there have been a number of cases fought between developing countries and developed countries on this very issue within the WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism. In addition, there are several conditions that might prevent them of using the mechanism effectively which includes: lack of understanding of WTO law and its jurisprudences, lack of institutional capacity, and the fear of retaliation from developed countries when bringing the claim against developed countries to Dispute Settlement Mechanism. Indonesia, as one of developing countries also faces the above three problems. This paper will discuss what Indonesia need to prepare so that they can use the Dispute Settlement Mechanism effectively to resolve any dispute (if any) with other country, particularly in respect to the violation of the article XX under the WTO Agreement
Assessing the Criticality of Metals

Today’s technology employs virtually the entire periodic table. The stocks and flows of the major metals, essentially unknown a decade ago, are now reasonably well quantified. Those cycles can be used to generate on overview of societal metal use. A key issue is whether scarcity implies long-term shortages or unavailability. To address this issue, a detailed methodology for generating a reliable assessment of the criticality of metals has been completed, making extensive use of peer-reviewed datasets and analytical approaches from the fields of geology, international trade, political science, and international policy, among others. This criticality evaluation has three components — Supply Risk, Environmental Implications, and Vulnerability to Supply Restriction, each of which is itself the composite of several metrics, as shown below.
Prefrontal cortical control of the autonomic nervous system: anatomical and physiological observations.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the prefrontal autonomic control of the viscera. It also describes the significance of prefrontal cortical control of the autonomic nervous system. Lesion experiments show that the medial, anterior cingulate prefrontal region is necessary for the expression of the normal, sympathetically mediated increase in heart rate during stress. It is necessary for the production of gastric ulcers that develop in rats under restraint stress. The cortex is needed to maintain the normal, resting level of the gain of the cardiac component of the baroreflex response. The identity between the cortex and the organism implies that there is no region of cortex, not even those concerned with the highest processes, which is not also a representation of some part of the organism. Because visceral function and emotion are closely associated, the relationship of the prefrontal cortex to emotion is also reviewed in the chapter. The visceral regions of prefrontal cortex are likely to be brain areas whose activity contributes to psychosomatic disease.
Methamphetamine and the expanding complications of amphetamines

During the past 10 years, the use of methamphetamine has increased rapidly in the West and throughout the United States. Because of this increase, our attention has focused on methamphetamine's toxicity. Methamphetamine and related compounds generate many of the same toxic effects as cocaine. Because of methamphetamine's widespread use, clinicians should be familiar with its medical effects and toxicity and with treatment options for acute and long-term effects of methamphetamine abuse.
A comprehensive assessment of cloud computing for smart grid applications: A multi-perspectives framework

The IT system is one of the key infrastructures in order to add intelligent feature to power grids. Many papers anticipated a rocky road for IT system integration into power system and suggested the cloud computing adoption as a smart grid IT infrastructure to smooth the integration. Though cloud computing could overcome some of these integration challenges, it would bring some of its own. This study intends to give more insight to decision makers or utility companies to make a better decision whether to adopt cloud computing with regards to their needs or not. In the problem statement section is explained why the current approach to define advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing from selective point of views is not enough and might not be accurate, and a comprehensive assessment is required. The proposed multi-perspective framework takes all the criteria that would affect the assessment of cloud computing and put them into organizational, technical, economical, social and political categories. This framework would guide players in smart grid to better define benefits and challenges of cloud computing according to their needs.
Authentication and Hearsay: Which Trumps?

This article addresses the relationship between two federal rules of evidence: Rules 104(a) and 104(b) and which standards a trial judge should apply in admitting hearsay evidence when its authentication is in question. Focusing on United States v. Harvey, 117 F.3d 1044 (7th Circ. 1997) and a simple hypothetical, the article concludes that evidence must be authenticated under Rule 104(b) as well as satisfying the hearsay rule and Rule 104(a).
A deficit of women in computer science: a student's perspective

The problem of women not entering the science fields is persistent. The proportion of women in computer science fields have actually decreased over the past 30 years while it has increased or reached parity in other technical fields. Researchers have proposed solutions to this problem over many years but there is still much progress to be made. This paper looks at several studies that address this problem and address the findings of those studies. In addition, this paper will relate these findings to personal experiences. This paper will suggest giving more attention to girls in grade school (K-12) and producing more powerful media to attract additional women to the Computer Science field.
Tree Layout for Internal Network Characterizations in Multicast Networks

There has been considerable activity recently to develop monitoring and debugging tools for a multicast session (tree). With these tools in mind, we focus on the problem of how to lay out multicast sessions so as to cover a set of links of interest within a network. We define two variations of this layout (cover) problems that differ in what it means for a link to be covered. We then focus on the minimum cost problem, to determine the minimum cost set of trees that cover the links in question. We show that, with few exceptions, the minimum cost problems are NP-hard and that even finding an approximation within a certain factor is NP-hard. One exception is when the underlyingne twork topology is a tree. For this case, we demonstrate an efficient algorithm that finds the optimal solution. We also present several computationally efficient heuristics and their evaluation through simulation. We find that two heuristics, a greedy heuristic that combines sets of trees with three or fewer receivers, and a heuristic based on our tree algorithm, both perform reasonably well. The remainder of the paper applies our techniques to the vBNS network and randomly generated networks, examining the effectiveness of the different heuristics.
p-Cresyl 2,3-an­hydro-5-deoxy-5-phthal­imido-1-thio-α-d-lyxo­furan­oside

The crystal structure of the title compound, C20H17NO4S, (I), was determined in order to compare the solution and solid-state conformations. The mol­ecule was synthesized as a building block for incorporation into oligosaccharides comprised of conformationally restricted furan­ose residues. The furan­ose ring adopts an envelope conformation with the ring O atom displaced above the plane (an OE conformation). The pseudorotational phase angle (P) is 88.6° and the puckering amplitude (τm) is 31.5°. The C2—C1—S—C(Ph) torsion angle is −163.2 (2)°, which places the aglycone in the exo-anomeric effect preferred position. The C1—S—C14 bond angle is 99.02 (13)° and the plane of the cresyl moiety is oriented nearly parallel to the four in-plane atoms of the furan­ose ring envelope. The orientation about the C4—C5 bond is gauche–gauche [Bock & Duus (1994). J. Carbohydr. Chem. 13, 513–543].
Point-nonpoint nutrient trading in the Susquehanna River basin

[1] There is considerable interest in the use of pollution trading between point and nonpoint sources to improve the cost-effectiveness of water pollution control but little literature to guide the design of trading systems involving nonpoint sources. Expanding on prior theoretical work, this paper provides empirical evidence about design and performance issues for two types of trading systems that would allow nutrient trading among and between point and nonpoint sources in the Susquehanna River basin in Pennsylvania.
Colonial dialect contact in the history of European languages: On the irrelevance of identity to new-dialect formation

It is often supposed that dialect contact and dialect mixture were involved in the development of new colonial varieties of European languages, such as Brazilian Portuguese, Canadian French, and Australian English. However, while no one has denied that dialect contact took place, the role of dialect mixture has been disputed. Among those who do not accept a role for it, some have also considered the role of identity, especially new national identities, to be self-evident. This article argues for the role of dialect mixture and against the role of identity. It presents case studies from pre16th-century colonial expansions of European languages, an era when any role for national identities would be very hard to argue for. Instead, it suggests that dialect mixture is the inevitable result of dialect contact, and that the mechanism which accounts for this is quasi-automatic accommodation in face-to-face interaction. (New-dialect formation, dialect contact, dialect mixture, linguistic accommodation, colonial dialects, identity, behavioral coordination)*
Synthesis of [3H]‐1‐[1‐(3‐isothiocyanatophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine (METAPHIT), an acylating agent for phencyclidine receptors

The preparation of [3H]-labelled 1-[1-(3-isothiocyanatophenyl) cyclohexyl]piperidine (METAPHIT), an electrophilic acylating agent for the phencyclidine (PCP) site is described. Synthesis of [3H]METAPHIT was accomplished in three steps starting from 1-[1-(3-nitrophenyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine. Introduction of the tritium-label in 20.6% radiochemical yield was achieved in the penultimate step.
Attitudes about Affirmative Action for Women: The Role of Children in Shaping Parents’ Interests

This paper uses pooled cross-sectional data from the 2000, 2002, 2004, and 2006 General Social Surveys (GSS), a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population, to assess how employed parents’ attitudes about affirmative action for women are influenced by their children’s gender. The analytic sample includes 1,695 employed respondents. Findings based on logistic regression indicate that having daughters (and no sons) magnifies employed mothers’ support for affirmative action for women and minimizes employed fathers’ support. Conversely, having sons (and no daughters) does not suppress mothers’ support for affirmative action for women, nor does it differentiate men’s attitudes about affirmative action. We speculate about how these patterns in parents’ attitudes relate to self interest and group interest (i.e., their children’s future work experiences).
Isochronous bandwidth utilization improvement in distributed queue dual bus-based personal communication networks

With the expansion of personal communication networks, wireless traffic is expected to grow rapidly. To cope with this situation, we investigate the issue of how to support wireless voice communications efficiently in personal communication networks with distributed queue dual bus networks as backbones. In the backbone networks, pre-arbitrated slots generated at constant intervals are preferred to carry voice traffic with stringent delay requirements. However, they are not utilized as efficiently as queued arbitrated slots, which are allocated on demand. To solve this problem, we propose a new pre-arbitrated slot access scheme, distributed slot reuse with silence detection, which can greatly improve utilization by taking advantage of two features in voice communications, silence detection and source/destination locality. In addition, we prove the scheme's correctness, design an algorithm to solve its related problem of virtual circuit identifier type selection and discuss its implementation details. Simulations are performed to show that the new scheme is much better than two previous schemes in terms of bandwidth utilization and drop rate.
A Stefan-type problem with void formation and its explicit solution

On considere un probleme de type Stefan avec formation de vide. On donne une solution explicite