cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Life under Pressure: Intergenerational Origins of Hypertension among African Americans

Medical and social scientists have traditionally viewed heart disease as the outcome of current or recent conditions such as poverty, smoking and obesity. Guided by recent medical research, a new understanding of the developmental origins of chronic disease has emerged. In this paper, we apply developmental origins concepts, also known as the fetal origins hypothesis, to understand how intergenerational socioeconomic history can help explain disparities in hypertension across states of the United States for African Americans. Specifically, southerners and especially southern blacks experienced generations of poverty following the Civil War, but by the middle of the twentieth century witnessed rapid income growth and other changes related to industrialization. The intergenerational poverty experience prepped the major organs of developing fetuses in cohorts born after the middle of the century for lean living conditions, but also primed them for adult chronic disease when they encountered greatly improved nutritional conditions as older children and adults.
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF FETAL STRESS AND DISTRESS IN THE OBSTETRIC PATIENT

The clinical use of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring remains controversial. Because of its widespread use in this country, interpretation skills must be maintained. Clear and concise criteria for the diagnosis of fetal stress and distress are presented in this article, and the management of fetal distress is discussed.
Geomorphic and hydrologic controls of dust emissions during drought from Yellow Lake playa, West Texas, USA

Abstract Numerous complex geomorphic and hydrologic factors have been identified that control dust emissions from playas, yet there are few measurements of dust emissions from playas during drought, which is assumed to enhance emissions, or during low-emission seasons. We used the PI-SWERL (Portable in situ Wind Erosion Laboratory) to measure dust emission potential at Yellow Lake, a saline playa in West Texas, USA, during the drought of 2011. Direct aeolian entrainment of dust occurred primarily on supply-limited surfaces consisting of mud-cracked surfaces as well as crusts containing halite, thenardite, and gypsum. High-magnitude, low duration peaks in dust emissions occurred over parts of the playa underlain by shallow groundwater (
SV40 Chromatin Structure and Virus Assembly

The process of virion assembly plays an active role in modulating the structure of SV40 chromatin. Experiments with temperature-sensitive mutants of the major capsid protein (VP1) have shown that minichromosomes which contain an exposed regulatory region accumulate when the initiation of SV40 assembly is blocked. VP1, directly or through specific interactions with other proteins, alters the average spacing between nucleosomes and may be involved in generating a protected regulatory region in SV40 chromatin. The ENA sequences near or between positions 640 and 875 interact with capsid proteins in vivo and appear to contain signals used for the initiation of shell assembly. A ENA topoisomerase is encapsidated during virion assembly. This enzyme is probably responsible for the difference in SV40 ENA linking number, observed previously, between unencapsidated chromatin and virion derived chromatin.
Plasma Cells Produce Antibody of a Single Specificity

A tenet of F. Macfarlane Burnet's clonal selection theory is that a potential antibody-forming cell is genetically preprogrammed to synthesize antibodies of a single specificity. Gus Nossal, one of Burnet's colleagues, proposed that the theory could be disproved if a single cell produced antibodies of different specificities. Nossal, along with Joshua Lederberg, designed an experiment using a technique allowing them to detect the specificity of antibodies produced by individual antibody-producing cells. This microdrop technique, used with several different antigens, consistently demonstrated that virtually all cells tested produced antibodies of a single specificity; this led to the concept of one cell:one antibody. Support for this conclusion came from other studies, including immunofluorescent observations of antibody-forming cells and identification of the cell surface receptors on B lymphocytes. In the clinic, patients with multiple myeloma, a disease characterized by the appearance in serum of a large amount of homogeneous immunoglobulin, possess malignantly transformed cells, all of which arise from a single precursor and synthesize a single immunoglobulin molecule. Production of antibody of a single specificity by plasma cells allowed development of monoclonal antibodies that have greatly enhanced the therapeutic and laboratory choices available to investigators.
Preparing a Hospital for Ebola Virus Disease: a Review of Lessons Learned

The 2014 Ebola epidemic provided unique insight into how modern hospitals must prepare to handle a disease associated with high transmissibility and mortality. Given the cost and resources required for hospital preparedness, a tiered approach was taken with US hospitals to facilitate a coordinated response. Effective patient screening at points of entry should be prioritized by all hospitals during an Ebola epidemic. Emphasis should be placed on healthcare worker training in safety protocols (particularly doffing personal protective equipment) and preparing to manage significant volumes of highly infectious waste. Designating an appropriate treatment area, developing a laboratory testing approach, and coordinating a proactive communication strategy are critical elements. Preparing a hospital to care for an ebola virus disease (EVD) patient is a complex effort with multiple logistical challenges and an iterative process that requires flexibility and ingenuity to respond to a dynamic environment. Despite the many challenges, hospital preparedness for Ebola will better prepare us for the next highly communicable disease threat.
The role of decision criterion in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) false recognition memory: False memory falls and rises as a function of restriction on criterion setting.

ABSTRACTHow much of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) false memory is attributable to decision criterion is so far a controversial issue. Previous studies typically used explicit warnings against accepting the critical lure to investigate this issue. The assumption is that if the false memory results from using a liberally biased criterion, it should be greatly reduced or eliminated by an explicit warning against accepting the critical lure. Results showed that warning was generally ineffective. We asked the question of whether subjects can substantially reduce false recognition without being warned when the test forces them to make a distinction between true and false memories. Using a two-alternative forced choice in which criterion plays a relatively smaller role, we showed that subjects could indeed greatly reduce the rate of false recognition. However, when the forced-choice restriction was removed from the two-item choice test, the rate of false recognition rebounded to that of the hit for studied ...
Analytical and Experimental Optimization of the Advanced Corona Ignition System

Benefits in performance and emissions can be achieved by the use of a properly designed corona ignition system, but these can only be realised in a cost effective manner if the designer is able to assess the likely impact of design changes to both the ignition system and the combustion chamber in which it operates.
Democratizing the National Identity

The Supreme Court’s historic Brown in 1954 not only declared school segregation unconstitutional but also mandated the integration of the nation’s schools. Citing social science data, the Court noted the psychological damage school segregation did to Black children. Efforts to equalize school outcomes, however, were met with many objections including a culture of poverty affecting Blacks and a lower IQ. By the time of the Court’s Bakke decision in 1978, the rationale for integration had completely reversed, with Justice Powell arguing that White students benefited from “diversity.” Black Studies played a key role in the ensuing “culture wars” contending that color blindness and a return to a traditional curriculum represented a “closing” rather than an “opening” of the American mind.
Effects of Principal Professional Orientation Towards Leadership, Professional Teacher Behavior, and School Academic Optimism on School Reading Achievement

This chapter reports the results of a study testing the effects of the principal’s professional orientation towards leadership/enabling school structure (ESS) on two mediating variables; school academic optimism (SAO) and professional teacher behavior (PTB) on the outcome variable school reading achievement (RA). Data were drawn from a sample of 54 schools (including 45 elementary schools and 9 middle schools); the school was the unit of analysis. Data analysis supported a path to reading achievement in which Enabling School Structures was the immediate antecedent of School Academic Optimism and Professional Teacher Behavior. Two control variables, school level and SES were included in the model. SES had a significant effect on SAO but not on PTB. School level had a negative effect on both PTB and SAO suggesting that both variables were higher in elementary school and declined in middle school. SES paired with SAO in predicting RA. As expected, SAO had a greater effect on RA than SES. The significance of the findings lies in the confirmation of SAO as an important influence on RA and in demonstrating the importance of ESS in establishing a context in which AO and PTB can flourish.
Abstract 95: Glucagon Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Does Not Cause Vasodilation Even When Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP4) is Inhibited

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) causes direct vasodilation in animal models. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve glycemic control in diabetic patients by preventing the degradation of GLP-1. The direct effect of GLP-1 in the human vasculature, and how it is altered by DPP4 inhibition, has not been reported. This study tested the hypothesis that intra-arterial infusion of GLP-1 causes dose-dependent vasodilation, and that DPP4 inhibition potentiates the forearm blood flow (FBF) response to GLP-1 by decreasing its degradation. Eight healthy, non-obese (BMI 2 ) subjects, age 28-54 years old (3 female) participated in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. On study days separated by at least one week subjects received DPP4 inhibitor (sitagliptin 200 mg p.o.) or placebo, followed by infusion of GLP-1 in the brachial artery at graded doses (0.45-3.60 pmol/min) for 5 minutes per dose. Sitagliptin significantly decreased plasma DPP4 activity (p GLP-1 does not cause vasodilation in healthy humans even when its degradation is inhibited. These data have implications for the cardiovascular effects of DPP4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Acetazolamide: Treatment of Psychogenic Polydipsia

We are reporting a case of psychogenic polydipsia from a State of Ohio psychiatric hospital. The patient has a known five-year history of psychogenic polydipsia with recurrent hyponatremia and has been diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder bipolar type 1, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria, for the past two decades. There was a marked improvement with the use of acetazolamide, resulting in a decreased compulsion to drink fluid and improvement of his hyponatremia. The patient was observed for six months. We evaluated the water balance of the patient with diurnal weight measurements (DWG) and a weekly comprehensive metabolic panel (CMP) to monitor Na⁺ levels. His symptoms and hyponatremia were improved with acetazolamide. The treatment was well tolerated without any adverse effects and improved his quality of life.
Transjugular Venous Approach for Endovascular Interventions in Hemodialysis Grafts and Fistulas of the Upper Extremities

OBJECTIVE. This article describes the use of a transjugular venous access for interventions in upper extremity hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and grafts. This access is used in selected patients in whom direct puncture of the hemodialysis access is considered to be difficult or cumbersome. Technical success was achieved in 96.7% of patients. If an intervention is unsuccessful, the transjugular access offers the possibility of placement of a dialysis catheter for temporary or long-term hemodialysis. CONCLUSION. The transjugular approach for hemodialysis access endovascular interventions is technically successful and safe. Initially described as an intervention to treat malfunctioning arteriovenous grafts, we have used it successfully in AVF interventions. In our opinion, this approach is a safe and effective alternative that may prove useful in selected patients.
Assessing and Modifying Denial in Juvenile Sexual Offenders

Some juvenile sex offenders admit that they committed their offenses. Some categorically deny that they did anything wrong at all, while others partially admit to their crimes. This complex state of affairs raises two questions: (1) what exactly does admitting or denying (regarding some sexual offense) mean?; and (2) does this denial/admission dimension matter (e.g. does denying one’s involvement in a sex offense have implications for therapy or risk for future offenses)? This chapter will address these issues and provide a model for overcoming denial in juvenile sexual offenders.
Effect of Ovarian Hormones and Mating Experience on the Preference of Female Mice to Investigate Male Urinary Pheromones.

In female mice, the expression of receptive lordosis behavior requires estradiol and progesterone actions in the nervous system; however, the contribution of these hormones to females' motivation to seek out male pheromones is less clear. In an initial experiment, sexually naive ovary-intact female mice preferred to investigate (make nasal contact with) testes-intact male as opposed to estrous female urine, provided they were in vaginal estrus. In a second experiment, groups of sexually naive and mating-experienced, ovariectomized females were tested for urinary pheromone preference first without and then with ovarian hormone replacement. Without hormone replacement, sexually naive ovariectomized females showed no preference for male over female urinary pheromones whereas mating-experienced females preferred to investigate male pheromones. Ovariectomized females in both groups preferred male over female urine after sequential s.c. injections with estradiol benzoate followed 2 days later with progesterone and after prolonged (7 days) exposure to estradiol alone. Our results indicate that in sexually naive female mice estradiol, perhaps aided by progesterone, is required to motivate a preference to seek out male pheromones whereas after mating experience females' preference to investigate male pheromones persists even in the absence of ovarian hormone action.
Korean Americans and the "Success" Image: A Critique

Asian Americans have been recently depicted as “successful” or “model” ethnic groups despite their past sufferings from prejudice and discrimination. This image of Asian Americans and their reputed position in the American racial and ethnic hierarchy raises several questions. First, to what degree is this image valid? Second, how has the success of Asian Americans been empirically measured and interpreted? Third, what are the implications of such an image for race/ethnic relations in the United States? In establishing answers to these questions, we will examine recent Korean immigrants in Los Angeles. A review of the literature reveals a number of interesting trends. During the mid-l960s, both the major mass media and scholarly works promoted the image of Asian Americans as successful minorities. ‘The media first cited Japanese and Chinese Americans as minorities that had attained success in American society. In the 1970s, Koreans were included in this success story as were recent refugees from Indochina. ’ Currently the success theme is applied to most Asian ethnic groups. Scholarly support and promotion of the success theme has continued to the present, although the bulk of this literature was written prior to the mid-I970s.* During the late 1970s, however, a number of scholarly and government publications disputed or rejected the alleged socioeconomic success of Asian Americans in American ~ociety.~
Endometriosis in a Man as a Rare Source of Abdominal Pain: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Endometriosis occurs when a tissue resembling endometrial glands and stroma grows in ectopic sites, commonly causing infertility and pain. This condition is most often seen in women of reproductive age, involving pelvic sites such as the ovaries, broad ligaments, uterosacral ligaments, and posterior cul-de-sac. Very rarely, endometriosis has also been found in the lower genitourinary tract of men. A 40-year-old man presented to his primary care physician with abdominal pain. Further imaging discovered a midline mass. Surgical removal of the mass and histological investigations led to the diagnosis of endometriosis. There are multiple theories on the etiology of both female and male endometriosis. The prevailing risk factor proposed in previous cases of male endometriosis is prolonged exposure to estrogen therapy. Should endometriosis become symptomatic, cessation of estrogen therapy and careful surgical intervention may successfully relieve the associated symptoms.
Creating an Accelerated Joint BA-MPA Degree Program for Adult Learners

AbstractThe increase in the number of adult learners in higher education has been dramatic in recent years. However, traditional MPA programs have done little to attract and accommodate these nontr...
A preliminary analysis of advance appropriations as a budgeting method for Navy ship procurements

Abstract : The Navy shipbuilding program typically comprises a few individually very expensive projects, together with an irregular schedule of new starts. Such a combination can lead to major fluctuations in year-to-year budget totals, even when everything proceeds according to a long-range plan. However, major defense acquisition programs rarely exhibit long-term stability: Changing circumstances dictate changing needs; programs run into problems, causing both schedule and cost overruns; etc. Furthermore, when the Navy prepares its budget, the relatively large shipbuilding portion is occasionally used as a source of funds to meet other needs. The resulting fluctuations in an account as large as shipbuilding (it is usually about 10 percent of the Navy's budget), combined with a budget cycle that normally requires major allocation decisions to be made two to three years before the appropriation year, can pose major problems.
The Feasibility Study of Attacker Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks have much vulnerability in the aspect of security because sensor nodes are limited in power, computational capabilities, and memory, and they even use a shared medium. For this reason, wireless sensor networks can be attacked easily by adversary and their attacks are mainly accomplished through channels or frequencies being used by these nodes using various attack mechanisms. Representative one of these attacks is DoS (Denial-of-Service) attack such as jamming attack, collision attack, and flooding attack. As DoS is attack which diminishes or eliminates a network’s capacity, sensor nodes must be able to prevent or detect DoS attack. Mechanisms corresponding to this have been studied. No work, however, can cover these attacks because there are so many attack patterns and trade-offs between performance and accuracy. In this paper, we present a simple approach which can detect attack’s location as fast as possible using CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) value. For this, we do the feasibility study for our approach through the experiment using TinyOS mica2 nodes. In addition to, we suggest new some alternatives through this study. As its result, we can speculate that the rate of false alarm is high but the detection time may be reduced in detecting attack’s location.
Association between cirrhosis and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Objective Cirrhosis has been associated with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). We sought to evaluate the specific association between cirrhosis and aneurysmal SAH. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using a sample of Medicare claims data from 2008 to 2015. Cirrhosis was defined using a validated ICD-9-CM diagnosis code algorithm. Nontraumatic SAH was identified using a validated approach requiring an inpatient claim for its ICD-9-CM diagnosis code. Additionally, we required the presence of an ICD-9-CM procedure code reflecting treatment of a cerebral aneurysm during the same hospitalization to ensure ascertainment of aneurysmal SAH specifically. We used survival statistics to calculate incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards models to evaluate the association between cirrhosis and aneurysmal SAH after adjustment for demographics, stroke risk factors, and comorbidities. Results We identified 10,658 (0.6%) patients with cirrhosis from among the 1,778,604 beneficiaries in our sample. The mean age of patients with cirrhosis was 73.5 (±7.8) years, and 48% were female. Over a mean of 4.7 (±2.1) years of follow-up, 4,272 patients were hospitalized with aneurysmal SAH. The annual incidence of aneurysmal SAH in patients with cirrhosis was 0.12% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.08-0.17%) compared to 0.05% (95% CI, 0.05-0.05%) in patients without cirrhosis. In the adjusted model, cirrhosis was independently associated with aneurysmal SAH (hazard ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-3.4). Interpretation Cirrhosis was independently associated with an increased risk of aneurysmal SAH among older individuals. Confirmation of these findings may yield opportunities for risk stratification and prevention.
Clarifying immunoglobulin gene usage in immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis by mass spectrometry of amyloid in clinical tissue specimens.

8605 Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the relative use of light chain variable region genes (LCVG) among patients with systemic (SAL) and localized (LAL) amyloidosis and assess...
Article II Vests Executive Power, Not the Royal Prerogative

(This is Part 1 of a two-article series. The second installment — also available on SSRN — is called “The Executive Power Clause.”) Article II of the United States Constitution vests “the executive power” in the President. For more than two hundred years, advocates of presidential power have claimed that this phrase was originally understood to include a bundle of national security and foreign affairs authorities. Their efforts have been highly successful: among constitutional originalists, this so-called Vesting Clause Thesis is now conventional wisdom. But it is also demonstrably wrong. Based on an exhaustive review of the eighteenth-century bookshelf, this article shows that the ordinary meaning of “executive power” referred unambiguously to a single, discrete, and potent authority: the power to execute law. This enforcement role was constitutionally crucial. Substantively, however, it extended only to the implementation of legal norms created by some other authority. It wasn’t just that the executive power was subject to legislative influence in a crude political sense; rather, the power was conceptually an empty vessel until there were laws or instructions that needed executing. There was indeed a term of art for the Crown’s non-statutory powers, including its various national security and foreign affairs authorities. But as a matter of well-established legal semantics, that term was “prerogative.” The other elements of prerogative — including those relating to national security and foreign affairs — were possessed in addition to “the executive power” rather than as part of it.
Phytoplankton Prey Selection by Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val. (Silver Carp) in a Lower Mississippi River Backwater Lake

Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Silver Carp) are invasive and abundant in the Mississippi River system, where they consume phytoplankton. There is concern that Silver Carp may influence phytoplankton community structure with cascading effects on other trophic levels. Information is needed regarding Silver Carp phytoplankton-consumption rates and prey selection to assess their potential impact on the food-web in the river. We investigated Silver Carp diets in a backwater lake of the Lower Mississippi River in order to quantify phytoplankton prey selectivity. We made measurements on 4 dates over a 2-y period, which spanned a range of hydrologic connectivity between the lake and the river and a variety of fish sizes. We quantified selection by comparing phytoplankton community composition in the lake to prey in foreguts of captured Silver Carp using Vanderploeg and Scavia's (1979) relativized selection index. With a possible exception of diatoms on 1 date, there was no relationship of sample date or fish size on prey selection. However, there was a consistent pattern in prey selection: euglenoid algae were positively selected, selection of colonial algae and diatoms was variable, and flagellates and filamentous cyanobacteria were negatively selected. Results are discussed in the context of a conceptual model for Silver Carp phytoplanktivory that incorporates the roles of habitat selection, prey availability, prey capture and processing, and digestive physiology.
Clinical Outcomes of the Dual-Therapy CD34 Antibody-Covered Sirolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Standard Drug-Eluting Coronary Stents: A Meta-Analysis.

Abstract Background Coronary stent neoatherosclerosis, thrombosis, and restenosis remain significant concerns with new-generation drug-eluting stents (DES). The Dual-Therapy CD34 antibody-covered sirolimus-eluting stent [dual therapy stent (DTS)] is a sirolimus-eluting stent with CD34 antibodies immobilized on its luminal surface to capture circulating endothelial progenitor cells and promote early endothelialization. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine whether the DTS was superior to standard DES. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search for controlled randomized and non-randomized studies. We presented data using risk ratios (95% confidence intervals) and measured heterogeneity using Higgins' I2. Results Five studies with a low risk of bias met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 1884 patients in the DTS and 1819 in standard DES arms. There was no difference between the 2 arms in the following 1-year outcomes: cardiac death [1% vs 0.9% RR 1.13 (95% CI 0.49–2.62) I2 = 0%], target lesion failure [6.2% vs 5.3% RR 1.12 (0.80–1.58) I2 = 0%], target lesion revascularization (TLR) [4.9% vs 3.4% RR 1.40 (0.93–2.10) I2 = 15%], target vessel failure [8.2% vs 6.1% RR 1.24 (0.75–2.04) I2 = 0%], target vessel myocardial infarction [1.1% vs 1.8% RR 0.73 (0.19–2.90) I2 = 62%] and stent thrombosis [0.4% vs 0.6% HR 0.85 (0.27–2.62) I2 = 0%]. However, compared with second-generation DES (EES and ZES), the DTS had significantly higher one-year TLR [5% vs. 3.1% RR 1.58 (1.02–2.46) P = 0.04 I2 = 0%]. Conclusion One-year TLR was significantly higher in the DTS arm compared with second-generation DES. There was no difference in the other 1-year clinical outcomes compared with standard DES.
Valuing Rigor in the Risk Management Process

NASA, as an organization, takes risk management (RM) seriously, and for most projects, the risk management process is exemplar. There can be challenges, though, with defining RM processes. For example, many different risk analysis methodologies are available, they can be applied with varying degrees of rigor, and they can have different value depending on how projects use them. In particular, risk analysis methodologies vary considerably in the level of quantitative detail, with more probabilistic techniques encouraged in some situations. We discussed these processes and methodologies with ten project managers (PM) at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). Our intent was not to prove with some level of statistical significance that some are more helpful than others, but rather to obtain a general understanding of how projects are identifying, and thinking, about risks. This paper describes some of the available risk processes and methodologies, and provides some insights about the benefits that can gained from their use. We provide an in-depth discussion of one quantitative methodology, Probabilistic Risk Assessments (PRAs), and conclude with a few insights from observed best practices.
Revealing a bilingual science teacher’s dynamic views and practice about science and language teaching through dialogic reflections

Adopting a sociocultural perspective, we construct a case study exploring how a middle school bilingual science teacher reflected and acted when engaged in dialogue, co-teaching, and a newly designed unit on plate tectonics. Sources of data include video of classroom interaction and audio recordings of daily debriefs between the bilingual science teacher and second author. Dialogic reflections between these individuals reveal how the new curriculum, the dialogue, and co-teaching with the second author mediated the teacher’s emerging abilities to think and act in different ways at that sociohistorical moment in time. Based on these findings, we highly encourage professional development experiences to include ongoing dialogic reflection and co-teaching to “shake” teachers’ views and practice. These initial connections can indicate inroads into helping teachers broaden understanding of bilingual science education.
Financial Regulation in the (Receding) Shadow of Antitrust

Mounting evidence that a number of key industries in the U.S. economy have become less competitive in recent years is prompting a renewed national conversation about an enhanced role for antitrust enforcement. But there are limits on the anticompetitive conduct antitrust enforcers and private plaintiffs can reach, especially in regulated markets. This is due in part to the doctrine of implied antitrust immunity: when a court perceives a conflict between the antitrust laws (e.g., the Sherman Act) and a regulatory regime (e.g., the securities laws), it may find immunity for conduct that otherwise would violate the antitrust laws. Two Supreme Court cases from the 2000s, Verizon Communications Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko and Credit Suisse v. Billing, appeared to enhance these restrictions, seemingly increasing the likelihood that regulation will displace antitrust entirely. This Article argues that these cases have had a surprisingly limited impact in most regulated markets, but have affected the scope of implied immunity in the financial markets. As a result, the job of confronting heightened concentration and reduced competition in financial services may fall to sector regulators, especially the Securities & Exchange Commission and Commodity Futures Trading Commission. But these agencies are unprepared for the task and often are unwilling to undertake it. They have neither the resources nor personnel to enforce competition rules and such enforcement ranks low on their priority list. Competition in financial markets therefore may suffer. The stakes are high: increased concentration in financial markets harms consumers and may threaten systemic financial safety. In light of the sector regulators’ limitations, this Article proposes a regulatory-design solution to the problem of competition enforcement in financial markets and focuses on Dodd-Frank’s regulatory regime for the derivatives markets as a case study. It argues that sector regulators should craft structural rules to protect competition in these markets ex ante rather than solely relying on conduct rules and corrective measures taken ex post. The Article contends that increased reliance on structural regulatory responses to competition problems in regulated markets may be beneficial from a competition standpoint when compared to antitrust enforcement and that these salutary effects may be enhanced when the products involved are potentially toxic, as is the case for some derivatives products. This approach is particularly crucial for the derivatives markets, which are enormous, continue to grow, and pose serious competition and systemic risks that may spill over into the wider economy.
Correlation between Entothelial Microparticle Binding to Monocytes and Monocyte Nitric Oxide Production in Prothrombotic and Inflammatory Disorders.

Abstract Introduction: Endothelial microparticle binding to monocytes has been shown to induce monocyte activation in vitro. In this study, we examined the correlations between EMP binding to monocytes and monocyte levels of nitric oxide (NO), as a marker of monocyte activation in different clinical conditions. Methods: We studied 186 subjects with acute venous thromboembolism (n=25), atrial fibrillation (n=48), metabolic syndrome (n=37), congestive heart failure (n=44), and normal controls (n=32). Using flow cytometry, we measured monocyte levels of NO by flow cytometry after loading monocytes with the membrane permeable NO-selective fluorescent indicator DAF-DA. Two different populations of EMP-monocyte conjugates were also measured. EMP62E+-monocyte and EMP54+-monocyte conjugates were measured based on the detection of E-selectin (CD62E) or CD54, respectively, coexpressed with CD45 in monocytes. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients between monocyte NO levels and EMP-monocyte conjugates are shown in the Table. A highly significant correlation was found between EMP62E+-monocyte conjugates and monocyte NO levels in patients with congestive heart failure (r=0.43; p=0.003). In contrast, EMP54+-monocyte conjugates strongly correlated with monocyte NO in patients with venous thromboembolism (r=0.58; p=0.009) and metabolic syndrome (r=0.49; p=0.002). No correlation was found between these conjugates and monocyte NO levels in atrial fibrillation or normal controls. Conclusions: The binding of different species of EMP to monocytes correlates with monocyte NO levels in clinical states such as congestive heart failure, metabolic syndrome, and venous thromboembolism. However, this correlation was not found in atrial fibrillation or normal controls. Our findings support the concept that the binding of different species of EMP exert different biological effects and/or reflect different biologic processes in specific disease states. Further research is needed to determine whether the binding of EMP species to monocytes regulates nitric oxide production by monocytes and whether monocytes themselves regulate the binding of different species of EMP in different disease states. Correlation between Monocyte NO levels and EMP-Monocyte Conjugates in different conditions. EMP54+-Monocyte Conjugates EMP62E+-Monocyte Conjugates Pearson r p value Pearson r p value Metabolic Syndrome 0.49 0.002 0.13 0.54 Venous Thromboembolism 0.51 0.009 0.12 0.57 Congestive Heart Failure 0.22 0.14 0.43 0.003 Atrial Fibrillation 0.22 0.14 0.17 0.24 Normal Controls 0.03 0.85 0.27 0.13
HIRISC - a RISC architecture and machine simulator

The HiRISC Computer System is a hypothetical computer modeled after a generic RISC architecture. The simulator for the system was developed to support a Systems Programming course, providing a bare bones machine for experimentation with loaders, linkers, and assemblers. The HiRISC Simulator is a Windows-based program that includes independent windows providing visual displays of all internal registers, memory, and IO devices. A simple control panel displays control unit information and allows the operator to start, stop, or single-step the processor. Memory contents may be edited within the simulation environment, but the simulator also includes a built in object file loader and a machine language debugger with breakpoints and single step capability. Logging capabilities facilitate the development of student reports. A cross-assembler is available to produce object files in an acceptable format.
Emerging Trends in Nasal Surgery: What Is the Impact of a Bioabsorbable Nasal Implant?

Background A bioabsorbable nasal valve implant (NVI) was introduced in 2016 as a minimally invasive solution to nasal valve collapse. Historically the introduction of less invasive procedures performable in-office has resulted in an increase in volume. Our objective is to evaluate this trend as it relates to nasal vestibular repair, and its impact on healthcare utilization. Methods We interrogated the Medicare Part B national database for nasal vestibular repair (CPT code: 30465), Unlisted nasal procedure (30999) and septoplasty (30520) from 2010 to 2017. Septoplasty was used as a surrogate for overall nasal procedural rate. Linear regression modeling was used to examine the changes in reported vestibular repair rate adjusting for septoplasty rate. Results In the Medicare population, the rate of septoplasty was stable from 2010 to 2017, increasing from 26,962 to 30,194 at an annual rate of 1.5%. Coding for unlisted nasal procedure increased from 272 to 333 at an adjusted annual rate of 1.1% over this time period. Coding for nasal vestibular repair increased from 2026 to 5331 over this interval at an adjusted annual rate of 0.9% from 2010 to 2016 but significantly increased to 5% between 2016 to 2017 (P Conclusion The reported volume of nasal vestibular repair increased significantly in the year following Food and Drug Administration approval of NVIs. In the absence of a corresponding increase in septoplasty, this temporal relationship suggests that the introduction of NVIs impacted the utilization of this procedural code. Level of evidence N/A Laryngoscope, 2020.
Chapter 15 – Bifidobacterium breve

Strains from the species Bifidobacterium breve have been extensively characterized for potential probiotic properties and several strains have been formulated for clinical trials as single probiotic organisms, in conjunction with a prebiotic and in association with other probiotic strains. Based on in vitro and in vivo properties demonstrated in the laboratory, B. breve strains have been evaluated, in particular, in allergic disorders and in necrotizing enterocolitis with variable results. As is the case with all probiotic organisms, beneficial laboratory and clinical effects are strictly strain specific.
Virtual reality exercise as a coping strategy for health and wellness promotion in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic

The December 2019 COVID-19 outbreak in China has led to worldwide quarantine, as recommended by local governments and the World Health Organization. Particularly affected are older adults (i.e., those aged ≥ 65 years) who are at elevated risk for various adverse health outcomes, including declines in motor ability and physical activity (PA) participation, increased obesity, impaired cognition, and various psychological disorders. Thus, given the secular increases in the older adult population, novel and effective intervention strategies are necessary to improve physical activity behaviors and health in this population. Virtual reality (VR)-integrated exercise is a promising intervention strategy, which has been utilized in healthcare fields like stroke rehabilitation and psychotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of this editorial is to synthesize recent research examining the efficacy and effectiveness of VR exercise in the promotion of favorable health outcomes among the older adults. Results indicate the application of VR exercise to facilitate improved physical outcomes (e.g., enhanced motor ability, reduced obesity), cognition and psychological outcomes. VR exercise has also been observed to be an effective intervention strategy for fall prevention in this population. Future research should employ more rigorous research designs to allow for a more robust quantitative synthesis of the effect of VR exercise on the preceding outcomes to elucidate which type(s) of VR-based PA interventions are most effective in promoting improved health outcomes among older adults. Findings from this study will better inform the development of technology-savvy PA programs for wellness promotion in older adults who practice social distancing and exercise from home under the unprecedented global health crisis.
Sirolimus for the Treatment of Vascular Anomalies

Vascular anomalies are tumors and malformations that are usually congenital in nature. With the improvement of the ISSVA classification system, the field is more precise in the phenotypes of these disorders. The discovery of germline and somatic genetic mutations has led to a better understanding of the genotypes involved and phenotypic correlation for most vascular anomalies. Many of these mutations occur in the same cellular signaling pathways, specifically PIK3CA/AKT/mTOR and RAS/MAPK/MEK, which are also involved in cancer. These discoveries have led to the possibility of precise medical treatments. In this chapter we will discuss the use of sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor now used frequently for the treatment of vascular anomalies. We will end with a discussion of other potential targeted medical therapies.
Concrete services usage on child placement stability: Propensity score matched effects.

Abstract Background Experiencing poverty and financial difficulties are significant barriers to outcomes of permanency and placement stability. This is particularly true for children who are in out of home placements. The provision of concrete services is intended to meet concrete needs of families to address this barrier. However, little is known about how concrete services meet the needs of families in need of these services or if the use of concrete services is a viable treatment for children who are in out of home placements. Methods The present study examined differences between those who received and those who did not receive concrete services on factors of stability, child and caregiver traumatic stress, number of placements, and current out of home placement. Regression analysis examined the association between amount of concrete service spending and permanency. Then to test concrete services as an intervention for children in a current out of home placement, we used propensity score matching to match participants on characteristics that predicted whether they would receive concrete services. We then ran a hierarchical regression to test the treatment condition of concrete services with children who are in a current out of home placement. Results Participants who received concrete services were at a much higher level of need with significantly higher levels of traumatic stress and number of placements and lower levels of placement stability. The amount of money spent on concrete services was associated with increases in placement stability. And, children in a current out of home placement had an increase in placement stability when they received concrete services. Conclusions The present study is the first to evidence concrete service as a treatment for placement stability for children in current out of home placements. Spending on concrete services in addition to child welfare services improves a child’s current placement stability. This is an important finding with implications for improving child welfare services’ approach to those in their care with financial burdens.
Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Bacteriophage MG40.

ABSTRACT We report the complete genome sequence of P22-like Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage MG40, whose prophage repressor specificity is different from that of other known temperate phages.
A Coordinated Spillback-Aware Traffic Optimization and Recovery at Multiple Intersections

Efficient traffic control remains a challenging task, especially during and after special events such as emergency vehicle traversals or blocked links due to disabled vehicles. While existing approaches aim to reduce travel delays, they do not consider recovery from spillbacks caused by such interruptions in the traffic network. This paper (1) presents an optimal algorithm that maximizes the traffic flow through the road network while ensuring that spillbacks do not occur during normal operations, (2) proposes an effective, predictable mitigation strategy to recover from spillbacks caused by special events and which may have propagated through multiple links and/or intersections in the network, and (3) provides worst-case wait time bounds as well as recovery time bounds associated with the proposed techniques. Compared to existing approaches, our optimal strategy shows a 53.2% improvement in worst-case travel times. Additionally, our mitigation strategy can recover from spillbacks that have propagated through multiple links in the network by up to 50.9% quicker than the existing approaches.
The Transfer Rules Litmus Test

This essay explores the NCAA's transfer rule and proposes a reduction in restrictions on transfers.
Nitrogen-doped carbon dots aid in the separation of ssDNA molecules of different length by capillary transient isotachophoresis (ctITP) with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection.

Abstract This study demonstrates a novel application of nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NCDs) to enable the separation of different lengths of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) by eletrokinetic means. Carbon dots have recently found widespread application in the fields of sensing, diagnostics, and healthcare due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. In light of growing interest in the use of ssDNA aptamers over antibodies in the fields of biosensor development and drug delivery, it is important to establish a simple and effective method for aptamer separation. In this study, we employed NCDs as buffer additives in a capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based method, giving rise to the separation of FAM-labeled ssDNA samples ranging from 32 to 100 bases in length, with resolutions ranging from 1.30 – 1.77. In particular, we adopted a capillary transient isotachophoresis (ctITP) system with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection, with both the separation and sample buffers modified by the addition of 30 μg/mL NCDs. These nanomaterials were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method from a mixture of citric acid and ethylenediamine. The NCDs themselves are highly fluorescent and photostable. As components in the background electrolyte, they did not interfere with the fluorescence emission of the FAM-labeled DNA samples. Under the conditions employed, no separation could be achieved in the absence of the NCDs nor with undoped CDs. The results show that NCDs function as buffer additives capable of enhancing electrokinetic-based separations of ssDNA, and hence, provide a new application for these carbon nanomaterials.
2 – Lymphocyte Development and Function in T Cell Receptor and RAG-1 Mutant Mice

Publisher Summary Using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, mice with mutations in T cell receptor (TCR) gene α, TCRβ, TCRδ, or the recombination activating gene 1 (RAG-1) have been created. TCRα and TCRβ mutant mice are deficient in αβ T cells, but still contain γδ T cells and B cells; TCRδ mutant mice are deficient in γδ T cells, but still contain αβ T cells and B cells. Mice that are doubly mutant for TCRβ and TCRδ do not have any T cells, but still have B cells. However, RAG-1 mutant mice are totally deficient in T cells and B cells. This chapter focuses on thymocyte development and on the functional analysis of these mutant mice that are selectively deficient in either αβ or γδ T cells, with the aim of determining differential functions of αβ and γδ T cells in vivo. The TCR mutant mice are useful models that help to obtain more insights into the differential roles of αβ and γδ T cells in vivo.