cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow-Derived lin-c-kit+Sca-1+ Stem Cells Do Not Contribute to Vasculogenesis in Lewis Lung Carcinoma

The development of tumor vasculature is thought to occur through two complementary processes: sprouting angiogenesis from preexisting blood vessels of the host, and vasculogenesis, which involves the spontaneous development of vessels through specific recruitment, differentiation, and vascular incorporation of circulating endothelial cells (EC), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), or potentially bone marrow-derived cells. Recent reports, however, have challenged the belief that bone marrow-derived cells contribute to tumor neovascularization, claiming an exclusive role for sprouting angiogenesis in tumor blood vessel development. In the present study, we explored the recruitment behavior of bone marrow-derived lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1+ stem cells to subcutaneously implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in a syngeneic bone marrow transplantation model. We observed that although lin(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1+ and their derived cells demonstrate significant recruitment to carcinomas in vivo, they do not appear to functionally contribute to tumor neovascularization. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that new vessel formation in carcinomas occurs primarily through endothelialization from adjacent and preexisting vasculature.
A simple physical approach for deriving the characteristic equations of fluid dynamics

SUMMARY A simple physical approach for deriving the characteristic equations of fluid dynamics is presented. The approach is based on the physical concept that information propagates through a flowfield along pathlines due to particle motion and along wavelines due to acoustic wave motion. The characteristic equations and compatibility equations are derived in vector forms which are valid in any co-ordinate system.
On mixing and entropy

The purpose of this note is to continue the effort initiated in [7] of formulating sequence entropy characterizations of mixing properties of measure-preserving transformations. Theorem 5 of [7] is extended to include partially mixing automorphisms of arbitrary type. A sufficient condition for a transformation to be intermixing is given and related results discussed. Finally, a Berg type characterization of independent factors of a weakly mixing transformation is given.
Noggin, Cartilage Morphogenesis, and Joint Formation in the Mammalian Skeleton

Noggin is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist expressed in Spemann's organizer. Murine Noggin is expressed in condensing cartilage and immature chondrocytes, as are many BMPs. In mice lacking Noggin, cartilage condensations initiated normally but developed hyperplasia, and initiation of joint development failed as measured by the expression of growth and differentiation factor-5. The maturation of cartilage and Hoxd expression were unaffected. Excess BMP activity in the absence of Noggin antagonism may enhance the recruitment of cells into cartilage, resulting in oversized growth plates; chondrocytes are also refractory to joint-inducing positional cues.
Implementing total quality management at the U.S. Department of Defense

Abstract This paper examines Total Quality Management (TQM) as defined by Dr. W. Edwards Deming including Deming's fourteen points and explains how the United States' Department of Defense (DOD) defines TQM and why TQM is necessary. It also covers how the DOD is planning on implementing TQM and the policy that has been established as guidance in the implementation process.
Effects of nordihydroguaiuretic acid on sulfidopeptide leukotriene activity and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in the isolated sheep lung

Abstract Sulfidopeptide leukotrienes have been proposed as mediators of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. We studied the effects of nordihydroguaiuretic acid (NDGA), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and on immunoreactive leukotriene C4 (i-LTC 4 ) levels in lung lymph, perfusate and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in isolated, indomethacin treated, sheep lungs perfused with blood at a constant flow of 100 ml/kg/min. The protocol consisted of two randomized periods with inspired O2 concentration either 28.2 or 4.2%. Five groups of lungs were studied with calculated NDGA concentrations of 0 to 1300 μM. At the end of each period, i-LTC 4 was measured in lung lymph, perfusate and BAL. NDGA levels were also measured. Consistent with our previous findings (10), hypoxia did not increase i-LTC 4 levels in lymph, perfusate or BAL fluid. Although NDGA decreased i-LTC 4 in perfusate in a dose-dependent manner, it did so at concentrations which were ten times lower than those causing inhibition of hypoxic vasoconstriction. These NDGA concentrations also inhibited vasomotor responses to KCl, serotonin and PGF 2 α suggesting nonspecificity. These observations are not consistent with mediation of hypoxic vasoconstriction by i-LTC 4 .
A digital annular array prototype scanner for realtime ultrasound imaging.

Abstract The use of annular array transducers in diagnostic ultrasound applications is growing. The development of this equipment raises a number of questions concerning both the role these systems will play in the clinic and how the annular array can be best implemented in an ultrasound scanner. In this paper, we will build on the results of the previous companion paper to describe the development of a 12 element 30 mm diameter 4.5 MHz laboratory prototype scanner. The mechanical probe and probe acoustics are discussed and a unique digital receive beamformer (DRB) and signal processor are described. Focusing down to an f-number (focal length/diameter) of 0.9 is demonstrated. Measured angular beamwidths of 0.62° at −6 dB and 2.8° at −50 dB are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Images of phantoms and normal volunteers showed exceptional resolution with little variation in the fine speckle texture as a function of depth. The effect of the number of transmit focal zones on image quality is demonstrated.
Precis on forward genetics in mice.

Mutations have been the driving force behind some of the most important discoveries in immunology, and the growing speed with which they can be found has impelled the use of random mutagenesis to create new immunological phenotypes in mice. Here we describe how phenotypes are created, detected and ascribed to genetic change.
Dynamics of N removal over annual time periods in a suburban river network

[1] River systems are dynamic, highly connected water transfer networks that integrate a wide range of physical and biological processes. We used a river network nitrogen (N) removal model with daily temporal resolution to evaluate how elevated N inputs, saturation of the denitrification and total nitrate removal processes, and hydrologic conditions interact to determine the amount, timing and distribution of N removal in the fifth-order river network of a suburban 400 km2 basin. Denitrification parameters were based on results from whole reach 15NO3 tracer additions. The model predicted that between 15 and 33% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) inputs were denitrified annually by the river system. Removal approached 100% during low flow periods, even with the relatively low and saturating uptake velocities typical of surface water denitrification. Annual removal percentages were moderate because most N inputs occurred during high flow periods when hydraulic conditions and temperatures are less favorable for removal by channel processes. Nevertheless, the percentage of annual removal occurring during above average flow periods was similar to that during low flow periods. Predicted river network removal proportions are most sensitive to loading rates, spatial heterogeneity of inputs, and the form of the removal process equation during typical base flow conditions. However, comparison with observations indicates that removal by the river network is higher than predicted by the model at moderately high flows, suggesting additional removal processes are important at these times. Further increases in N input to the network will lead to disproportionate increases in N exports due to the limits imposed by process saturation.
A Coloring Solution to the Edge Crossing Problem

We introduce the concept of coloring close and crossing edges in graph drawings with perceptually opposing colors making them individually more distinguishable and reducing edge-crossing effects. We define a "closeness" metric on edges as a combination of distance, angle and crossing. We use the inverse of this metric to compute a color embedding in the L*a*b* color space and assign "close" edges colors that are perceptually far apart. We present the following results: a distance metric on graph edges, a method of coloring graph edges, and anecdotal evidence that this technique can improve the reading of graph edges.
Dopamine neuronal responses in monkeys performing visually cued reward schedules

Dopamine neurons are important for reward-related behaviours. They have been recorded during classical conditioning and operant tasks with stochastic reward delivery. However, daily behaviour, although frequently complex in the number of steps, is often very predictable. We studied the responses of 75 dopamine neurons during schedules of trials in which the events and related reward contingencies could be well-predicted, within and across trials. In this visually cued reward schedule task, a visual cue tells the monkeys exactly how many trials, 1, 2, 3, or 4, must be performed to obtain a reward. The number of errors became larger as the number of trials remaining before the reward increased. Dopamine neurons frequently responded to the cues at the beginning and end of the schedules. Approximately 75% of the first-cue responsive neurons did not distinguish among the schedules that were beginning even though the cues were different. Approximately half of the last-cue responsive neurons depended on which schedule was ending, even though the cue signalling the last trial was the same in all schedules. Thus, the responses were related to what the monkey knew about the relation between the cues and the schedules, not the identity of the cues. These neurons also frequently responded to the go signal and/or to the OK signal indicating the end of a correctly performed trial whether a reward was forthcoming or not, and to the reward itself. Thus, dopamine neurons seem to respond to behaviourally important, i.e. salient, events even when the events have been well-predicted.
Interpersonal Methods for Coping with Stress: Helping Families of Dying Children.

An attempt to establish a self-help network based on shared peer-counseling for families of dying children in a Midwest teaching hospital is described and evaluated. The structure of the group meet...
Reinforcement learning for power management in wireless multimedia communications

We consider the problem of energy-efficient point-to-point transmission of delay-sensitive data (e.g. multimedia data) over a fading channel. We propose a rigorous and unified framework for simultaneously utilizing both physical-layer and system-level techniques to minimize energy consumption, under delay constraints, in the presence of stochastic and unknown traffic and channel conditions. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and solve it online using reinforcement learning. The advantages of the proposed online method are that (i) it does not require a priori knowledge of the traffic arrival and channel statistics to determine the jointly optimal physical-layer and system-level power management strategies; (ii) it exploits partial information about the system so that less information needs to be learned than when using conventional reinforcement learning algorithms; and (iii) it obviates the need for action exploration, which severely limits the adaptation speed and run-time performance of conventional reinforcement learning algorithms.
Clostridium difficile Testing Algorithms Using Glutamate Dehydrogenase Antigen and C. difficile Toxin Enzyme Immunoassays with C. difficile Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing Increase Diagnostic Yield in a Tertiary Pediatric Population

We evaluated the performance of the rapid C. diff Quik Chek Complete's glutamate dehydrogenase antigen (GDH) and toxin A/B (CDT) tests in two algorithmic approaches for a tertiary pediatric population: algorithm 1 entailed initial testing with GDH/CDT followed by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and algorithm 2 entailed GDH/CDT followed by cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA) for adjudication of discrepant GDH-positive/CDT-negative results. A true positive (TP) was defined as positivity by CCNA or positivity by LAMP plus another test (GDH, CDT, or the Premier C. difficile toxin A and B enzyme immunoassay [P-EIA]). A total of 141 specimens from 141 patients yielded 27 TPs and 19% prevalence. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 56%, 100%, 100%, and 90% for P-EIA and 81%, 100%, 100%, and 96% for both algorithm 1 and algorithm 2. In summary, GDH-based algorithms detected C. difficile infections with superior sensitivity compared to P-EIA. The algorithms allowed immediate reporting of half of all TPs, but LAMP or CCNA was required to confirm the presence or absence of toxigenic C. difficile in GDH-positive/CDT-negative specimens.
Pharmacological treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Monotherapy vs combination therapy.

Non-invasive treatment continues to be the mainstay of anti-ischaemic therapy. The imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand provides the basis for myocardial ischaemia, which may present as symptomatic, asymptomatic or, in most cases, a mixture of the two. Both symptomatic and silent ischaemia are major prognostic indicators in patients with coronary artery disease and treatment should therefore be directed towards both the amelioration of symptoms and the resolution of the signs of ischaemia. Anti-ischaemic therapy may decrease oxygen demand, increase myocardial oxygen supply, or both. Interventional therapies, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and bypass grafting, improve supply but do not alter demand. Drug therapy is associated with a variety of effects upon both supply and demand, depending upon the agent used. Nitrates alter both myocardial oxygen supply and demand, while β -blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demand. Calcium channel blockers reduce afterload and myocardial contractility and, thus, lower oxygen demand, while the coronary artery relaxation that occurs in response to their use acts to increase supply. The use of combination therapy, is considered by many to be the most rational approach to the treatment of myocardial ischaemia, in that it allows maximal reduction in demand and increase in supply.
Proteomic analysis of beryllium‐induced genotoxicity in an Escherichia coli mutant model system

Beryllium is the second lightest metal, has a high melting point and high strength-to-weight ratio, and is chemically stable. These unique chemical characteristics make beryllium metal an ideal choice as a component material for a wide variety of applications in aerospace, defense, nuclear weapons, and industry. However, inhalation of beryllium dust or fumes induces significant health effects, including chronic beryllium disease and lung cancer. In this study, the mutagenicity of beryllium sulfate (BeSO(4)) and the comutagenicity of beryllium with a known mutagen 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were evaluated using a forward mutant detection system developed in Escherichia coli. In this system, BeSO(4) was shown to be weakly mutagenic alone and significantly enhanced the mutagenicity of MNNG up to 3.5-fold over MNNG alone. Based on these results a proteomic study was conducted to identify the proteins regulated by BeSO(4). Using the techniques of 2-DE and oMALDI-TOF MS, we successfully identified 32 proteins being differentially regulated by beryllium and/or MNNG in the E. coli test system. This is the first study to describe the proteins regulated by beryllium in vitro, and the results suggest several potential pathways for the focus of further research into the mechanisms underlying beryllium-induced genotoxicity.
Weathering of Basaltic Tephra on the Island of Hawaii

Three basaltic tephra deposits of Kilauea were studied in order to determine the nature and amount of weathering as a function of age and climate. One of these deposits, the Pahala Ash, is a regional tephra blanket 10,000 to 17,000 yrs old that is weathering under present rainfall ranging from about 25 to 635 cm/yr. The Keanakakoi Formation and Uwekahuna Ash, which contain the other deposits investigated, are less than 10,000 yrs old, and are present only in the vicinity of Kilauea caldera, where rainfall is from 115 to 255 cm/yr. Basaltic glass in the Pahala Ash is extensively weathered, whereas that in the Keanakakoi Formation generally is little altered. The principal weathering products of glass are palagonite and clay. Montmorillonite and calcite are weathering products of the Pahala Ash in the drier areas; gibbsite has formed at rainier sites. Plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine are weathered only in the Pahala Ash. Chemical changes on weathering of the tephra deposits vary as a function of climate. From comparative analysis of unaltered and altered solids, SiO2 and Na + K + Ca + Mg seem to be lost under heaviest rainfall in average proportions as high as 2:1; in the driest areas they have been leached in the ratio of about 1:3. In an area of intermediate rainfall, SiO2 and Na + K + Ca + Mg are lost in an average ratio of 3:2, as shown by chemical composition of both solids and interstitial waters. However, an unresolved discrepancy occurs between the rate of leaching, as calculated from solids and that calculated from solution data, when an age of 10,000 yrs is taken for the upper part of the Pahala Ash. Ion-activity products calculated from the solution analyses provide a framework for elucidation of the weathering processes and products.
William Palmer Ladd and the Origins of the Episcopal Liturgical Movement

The liturgical movement in the American Episcopal Church owes its origin to William Palmer Ladd (1870–1941), a pragmatic New England Yankee whose ideas helped reorient the church's worship and self-understanding, and came to fruition in the current liturgy, the 1979 Book of Common Prayer.
A voltzialean pollen cone from the Triassic of Antarctica

Leastrobus fallae gen. et sp. nov. is a morphotaxon representing structurally preserved microsporangiate strobili with in situ pollen from the Triassic of Antarctica. The small cone consists of a central axis with a region of helically arranged microsporophylls subtended by elongate, bilaterally symmetrical bracts. Each microsporophyll is differentiated into a pedicel and a laminar head; numerous (ca. 7) elongate microsporangia are attached to the inner surface of the laminar head. Pollen is protosaccate with two large sacci, a corpus with reticulate ornamentation, and a well-defined distal aperture. Leastrobus represents the first documented microsporangiate conifer cone and the first evidence of “Voltziales” from the permineralized floras of the Triassic of Antarctica. The combination of polysporangiate microsporophylls, sporangia free of the sporophyll pedicel, and bisaccate, protosaccate pollen suggests that Leastrobus represents a member of the “Voltziales” most similar to the European genus Ruehleostachys.
Concepts that support collocated collaborative work inspired by the specific context of industrial designers

Based on a naturalistic study of industrial designers engaged in collocated collaborative design work in a technologically unsophisticated environment, we observed a number of interactions that lead to a number of insights, namely, (1) seating and the shape and orientation of the working surface has an effect on line of sight and eye-contact behaviors, (2) being able to reach objects on the working surface effects an individual collaborator's ability to become the focus of attention, (3) in collaborative work, people may work on the same document or divide labors to work on different documents simultaneously, (4) supporting the use of conventional artifacts that users are familiar with is as important as supporting the use of informational devices, (5) large workspaces with different privacy levels support both the needs of sharing information and the needs of keeping information private, (6) changes of document orientation socially represents a corresponding change of control and privacy level. From these insights and from other sources in the literature, we describe and illustrate a number of concepts for integrated technologies and environments that can support collocated collaborative work specifically in the context of design work. These concepts are intended as an exercise in divergent design thinking that owes to carefully constructed insights based on observations.
Initiation and arrest of an interfacial crack in a four-point bend test

This paper describes a framework to study the initiation and arrest of an interfacial crack, using a combination of experiment and computation. We consider a test configuration widely used in the microelectronic industry: a sample of two substrates bonded by a stack of thin films, with a pre-crack in one of the substrates, perpendicularly impinging upon the films. When the sample is loaded to a critical level, the pre-crack initiates a new crack on one of the interfaces in the sample. The new crack often runs rapidly on the interface for a considerable length, and then arrests. We introduce a quantity, the initiation energy, to characterize the condition under which the pre-crack initiates the interfacial crack. The initiation energy is independent of the test configuration on the scale of the substrates, but changes greatly with the materials and stacking sequence of the films. We measure the initiation energy experimentally, interpret the data using mechanistic models, and use the initiation energy to predict the arrest crack length.
Scanning electron microscopy of the air bladder in the spotted gar, Lepisosteus occulatus.

The surface of the gar respiratory epithelium was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Nonciliated and ciliated cells constitute the epithelium. Puffs appear to be an unusual feature of the ciliated cells as well as nonciliated cells. There appears to be a transition from nonciliated to puff ciliated cells through a puff stage. The role of the cell types as related to oxygen available in the air bladder is discussed.
Taking a “Hands On” Approach to Diversity in Higher Education: A Critical‐Dialogic Model for Effective Intergroup Interaction

This article reviews divergent empirical evidence on interracial contact. While research on diversity in higher education provides ample evidence for the educational benefits of engaging with diversity in informal interactions or courses, experimental and naturalistic studies in social psychology on interracial interactions reveal a complicated picture, showing what appear to be both positive and negative effects. Rather than addressing the question of whether or not to promote interracial interactions on campus, we present a critical-dialogic model of intergroup dialogue that centers on communication processes as an avenue toward intergroup relationships, understanding, and collaboration. Prior research and preliminary results from a nine-university research collaboration provide strong empirical support for the proposed model. We conclude with program and policy considerations for higher education institutions interested in promoting meaningful intergroup interaction.
The seductiveness of primary prevention

Building competence is a worthy goal in and of itself. There is, however, no evidence that it prevents mental disorder.
Backscatter model for the unusual radar properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet

A number of planetary objects exhibit large radar reflectivity and polarization ratios, and more recently, a similar behavior has been observed over a vast portion of the Earth's surface: the percolation facies of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Surface-based ranging radar data and snow stratigraphy studies demonstrated that the radar properties of that portion of Greenland are caused by enhanced scattering from massive, large, solid-ice bodies buried in the top few meters of the dry, cold, clean snowy surface of the ice sheet and created by seasonal melting and refreezing events. Here, we model the icy inclusions as randomly oriented, discrete, noninteracting, dielectric cylinders embedded in a transparent snow medium. An exact analytical solution is used to compute the scattered field from the cylinders. Using this model, we correctly predict the polarimetric radar observations gathered by an airborne imaging system at three wavelengths (5.6, 24, and 68 cm), between 19 deg and 65 deg incidence angle. The diameter and number density of the cylinders that are inferred from the radar data using the model are consistent with in situ observations of the icy inclusions. The large radar reflectivity and polarization ratios are interpreted as arising internal reflections of the radar signals in the icy inclusions that first-order external reflection models fail to predict. The results compare favorably with predictions from the coherent backscatter or weak localization theory and may provide a complementary framework for interpreting exotic radar echoes from other planetary objects.
Comparative In Vitro Susceptibilities of Human Mycoplasmas and Ureaplasmas to a New Investigational Ketolide, CEM-101

MICs were determined for an investigational ketolide, CEM-101, and azithromycin, telithromycin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, clindamycin, and linezolid against 36 Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 5 Mycoplasma genitalium, 13 Mycoplasma hominis, 15 Mycoplasma fermentans, and 20 Ureaplasma isolates. All isolates, including two macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae isolates, were inhibited by CEM-101 at ≤0.5 μg/ml, making CEM-101 the most potent compound tested.
Simulating human tasks using simple natural language instructions

The authors report a simple natural language interface to a human task simulation system that graphically displays the performance of goal-directed tasks by an agent in a workspace. The inputs to the system are simple natural language commands requiring achievement of spatial relationships among objects in the workspace. To animate the behaviors denoted by instructions, a semantics of action verbs and locative expressions is devised in terms of physically based components, in particular geometric or spatial relations among the relevant objects. To generate human body motions to achieve such geometric goals, motion strategies and a planner that used them are devised. >
Alternate form of the california verbal learning test: Development and reliability

Abstract An alternate form of the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) was developed and compared with the original form. The two CVLT forms yielded equivalent mean scores for all 19 learning and memory variables analyzed. No significant practice effects were found regardless of the order of administration of the two forms. The two forms yielded almost identical relationships between overall memory performance and age and education. Sixteen of the CVLT variables resulted in significant alternate form reliability coefficients. The coefficients for the traditional recall measures of the CVLT were particularly robust and higher than those reported for other, commonly used clinical memory tests.
Psychiatric Issues in Pediatric Oncology: Diagnosis and Management

Psychiatric issues in pediatric oncology describe the role of the consultation-liaison child psychiatrist in psycho-oncology. The chapter begins with general considerations for psychiatric diagnosis, treatment planning, and psychopharmacology in medically complex children and adolescents with cancer. The authors discuss specific psychiatric disorders and symptoms including depression, suicidal ideation, anxiety, posttraumatic symptoms, delirium and drug withdrawal syndromes, neurocognitive impairment, and other cancer treatment-related psychiatric symptoms. The evidence base for psychopharmacology in this population, efficacy and safety data, and cancer-specific prescribing concerns are reviewed in detail including commonly seen side effects, oncology-specific uses of certain drugs, and recommended monitoring practices in medically ill patients. Clinical cases demonstrate common presentations and treatment issues. The chapter highlights the critical importance of the recognition, diagnosis, and management of psychiatric comorbidities for patient safety, relief of suffering, and optimal quality of life through cancer treatment and describes the specialized role of the child psychiatrist consultant as an expert who collaborates in the multimodal, integrated care of the child and family.
J-1: the forgotten cardiovascular force.

In the April 2 and May 21 issues of the JACC [(1,2)][1], Drs. Pepine and Hurst, following the editorial written by the immediate past President of the American College of Cardiology (ACC), Dr. Bruce Fye, addressed with clarity and in worrisome terms the prevailing crisis of the cardiology workforce
Using Flight Simulation for Flight Dynamics and Control Education Enhancement

The use of flight simulation technologies at West Virginia University to enhance the aerospace engineering curriculum is presented in this paper. Flight simulation technologies of different levels of complexity are integrated within an undergraduate dedicated course with the broader objective of supporting courses in flight dynamics, controls, aerodynamics, and aircraft design. Students are introduced to the development and use of simulation tools starting with simplified linear and non-linear models, continuing with PC-based simulation packages with high accuracy aerodynamic models and advanced graphics, and ending with a six degrees-of-freedom motion based flight simulator. These technologies accomplish their educational role in two primary ways. First, they provide illustration for the general architecture of a flight simulation model, operation, and integration of individual components. Second, they are used to generate flight data to analyze the impact on aircraft performance and handling qualities of various aircraft design parameters. Specifically, in using these simulation technologies, the students have the opportunity to take on all three major roles related to producing and analyzing flight test data: the pilot, the test engineer, and the handling qualities/performance engineer. This comprehensive perspective has shown to be a positive factor in enhancing the learning process and improving academic performance. In particular, the introduction of the motion based flight simulator has produced positive effects on student motivation, class attendance, and participation. The simulation technologies are typically used to perform analyzes of handling qualities sensitivity to aircraft design parameters. The methodologies are briefly outlined in this paper and illustrated with simulation results.
Functional NiAl-graphene oxide composite as a model coating for aerospace component repair

Abstract Metallic plasma sprayed coatings are widely used in the aerospace industry to repair engine components. However, the inherent defects in coatings limit such repairs and reduce the service life of the parts. In this study, to improve the serviceability and mechanical properties of plasma sprayed coatings, multi-layered graphene oxide (GO) have been introduced as a reinforcement. The novelty of this work lies in the processing of the plasma sprayed, GO-reinforced metallic composite coatings. Commercially available Ni Al powders were used with GO reinforcement, resulting in an increase in the mechanical properties. Retention of the GO was made successful by installing a customized inert argon shroud to prevent the combustion of GO. The HRTEM image confirms a homogenous distribution of GO within the metallic matrix. We report an improvement in hardness and tensile adhesion strength, and a reduction in residual strain and the coefficient of friction. The results presented in this article prove that GO can successfully be retained as an additive in thermal spray coatings and provide opportunities for low-cost manufacturing or repair.
Platelet aggregation and exposure of fibrinogen receptors by prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues.

Two stable analogues of prostaglandin endoperoxides—9.11-azo-prostanoid III (9-11-azo PGH2) and 9,11-methanoepoxy PGH2 (U46619 compound)—caused aggregation of washed human platelets and release of α-granule contents. Platelet aggregation induced by these compounds was potentiated by the addition of purified human fibrinogen in a dose-dependent manner. Incubation of prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues with washed platelets in a nonstirred system exposed fibrinogen receptors. Enzymes that remove adenosine diphosphate (ADP) [apyrase and creatine phosphate in the presence of creatine Phosphokinase (CP/CPK)], adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a competitive antagonist of ADP, and 5' parafluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine (FSBA), an affinity label for ADP binding sites, all blocked platelet aggregation and binding of 125I-fibrinogen to platelets stimulated by prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues. In contrast, these compounds did not prevent platelet shape change induced by prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues. Apyrase, CP/CPK. ATP, and FSBA reversed platelet aggregation stimulated by ADP or prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues. Carbocyclic thromboxane-A2 (CTA2), a stable analogue of thromboxane-A2, blocked shape change and platelet aggregation and caused disaggregation of platelets stimulated by prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues. However, CTA2 did not inhibit ADP-induced platelet shape change and aggregation, and it did not disaggregate platelets that were previously aggregated by ADP. The mechanism of platelet aggregation induced by analogues of prostaglandin endoperoxides appears to involve (A) initial release of ADP and fibrinogen, (B) ADP-induced exposure of platelet membrane fibrinogen receptors, and (C) fibrinogen binding to the exposed receptors resulting in platelet aggregation. The occupation of prostaglandin endoperoxide receptors is required during all stages of this process.
Adherence as a predictor of weight loss in a commonly used smartphone application

As adherence to weight loss interventions has been shown in prior research to be crucial in achieving weight reduction, we were interested in examining whether this held true for individuals attempting to lose weight using smartphone applications. Archived data from an international community sample of 7633 overweight men and women using Noom, a smartphone-based behavioural weight loss program, were used to test the hypotheses that there would be significant weight loss after using the application for three months and that greater self-monitoring adherence would be positively associated with weight loss outcomes. An average 1.92 BMI points were lost after using Noom for three months, and for every 10% increase in adherence there was a decrease of 2.59 BMI points (β=-1.36kg, SE=.24, p<.001). Our results provide preliminary evidence suggesting that smartphone application use is linked to significant short-term weight loss and that this weight loss is associated with adherence.
Gene sharing between Epstein–Barr virus and human immune response genes

Epstein-Barr virus (also termed HHV-4, EBV), a component of the human virome or metagenome, is associated as a co-factor in many common human autoimmune diseases through epidemiologic evidence. Numerous EBV genes are functional as well as structural homologues of important immune response genes. For example, EBV-encoded BCRF1 is a functional homologue of IL-10, a critical cytokine regulator of immune tolerance. BZLF-1, an EBV-encoded transcription factor, contains regions with functional homology to both AP-1 and NF-κB DNA binding immune response regulatory factors. The author proposes a paradigm of "gene sharing" between viral- and host-encoded proteins as extension of molecular mimicry that has been largely overlooked in animal models that consider only host genomic factors rather than viral pathogens and the metagenome. Gene sharing may trigger chaotic behavior in human autoimmune disease through unstable feedback loops and perturbations of immune tolerance.
DIGRAPH-MODELS AND EXPERIMENTAL FRAMES

This chapter discusses that a model of the processor, although can be tested in a stand-alone fashion, does not really come to life until it is coupled with a module capable of providing it input and observing its output. An experimental frame module is a coupled-model, which when coupled to a model, generates input external events, monitors its running, and processes its output .The design of an experimental frame reflects the objectives one has in experimenting with a model. Thus, the same model is coupled to different experimental frame modules that observe it under different conditions. Conversely, the same experimental frame module may be employed to experiment with different models under the same conditions. The chapter explains the way to construct an experimental frame module to measure turnaround time and throughput in any of the simple computer architecture models. A discrete event system specification (DEVS)-Scheme simulation displays all the messages as they are processed. This aids understanding of the simulation process. With regard to model verification, it permits step-by-step tracking of the events, and hence, makes for quicker discovery of sources of error.
When Music Goes Up in Flames: The Impact of Advising on Music Major Burnout

Bringing their personalities and experiences to their relationships with students, academic advisors engage with a diverse population of students every semester. However, they meet with many studen...
Recollections of Walter Kohn

Although Walter Kohn and I never collaborated on a particular project together, his many groundbreaking papers in condensed matter physics have influenced my own career greatly. As is the case with many others, I first heard of Walter when I was in graduate school. In standard courses, we learned about the Kohn anomalies, the Luttinger-Kohn effective mass theory, the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker (KKR) method, the density functional formalism, and on and on. I was in awe of the achievements of this great physicist. It was not until I finally met Walter in one of the APS March Meetings in the mid-1970’s that I realized how approachable and friendly a person he is. I don’t recall exactly which March Meeting it was, but I can still vividly remember my first encounter with the hallmark “giggly” laugh alluded to in the Preface of this Volume and the many insightful, deliberately delivered comments and questions he offered.
442. Decreased Survival and Engraftment in Adult ADA-Deficient Mice Co-Transplanted With Uncorrected Lineage-Positive Bone Marrow Cells Combined With Gene-Corrected Lineage-Negative Bone Marrow Cells

ADA-deficiency primarily results in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) but because it is a disorder of the purine salvage pathway the accumulation adenosine and deoxy-adenosine also causes skeletal, neurologic, hepatic and pulmonary abnormalities. Autologous transplantation of retroviral vector-mediated gene-corrected hematopoietic cells after non-myeloablative conditioning for the treatment of ADA-deficient SCID has been shown to be safe and efficacious, especially in very young children, with more variable results in older children. Previously, we have shown that ADA-deficient (ADA-/-) mice transplanted with gene-corrected whole marrow or ADA+/+ marrow had significantly higher engraftment of gene-corrected cells in the bone marrow, liver, and lung compared to transplantation with gene-corrected lineage negative (Lin-) bone marrow cells. The improved engraftment with whole marrow might be due the presence of specific cell populations and/or factors that could facilitate engraftment, including the additional ADA expressed from terminally differentiated cells in the niche during the engraftment period. In new experiments (n=3) we compared outcomes in ADA-/- mice transplanted with gene-corrected Lin- cells (5×10^5) alone (n=10) to these end-points in ADA-/- mice transplanted with gene-corrected Lin- cells combined with either gene-corrected lineage positive (Lin+) cells (5×10^6)(n=8), or with uncorrected Lin+ cells (5×10^6)(n= 10). Marrow cells were fractionated by immunomagnetic sorting and transduced with the lentiviral vector, EFS-ADA at 3 × 10^7 TU/ml (Lin- MOI 60, Lin+ MOI 6) for 24 hours and transplanted into adult (16 weeks) ADA-/- recipients conditioned with 500 cGy and maintained on enzyme replacement for one month after transplant. Unexpectedly, survival to day 100 was significantly reduced in ADA-/- mice transplanted with gene-corrected Lin- cells combined with uncorrected Lin+ cells (37%) compared to mice transplanted with either gene-corrected Lin- cells alone (90%) or with gene corrected Lin- cells co-transplanted with gene-corrected Lin+ (88%)(p<0.0001). Overall engraftment and VCN were measured in the thymus, spleen, bone marrow, lung and liver and neither was significantly improved with the addition of gene-corrected Lin+ cells when compared to transplant of gene-corrected Lin- cells alone. Even with so few ADA-/- mice transplanted with Lin- and uncorrected Lin+ cells surviving (n=3), overall engraftment in spleen was significantly lower (8%) when compared to ADA-/- co-transplanted with gene-corrected Lin+ cells (66%)(p<0.001). Likewise, these mice also had fewer splenic T and B cells numbers when compared to mice co-transplanted with gene-corrected Lin+ cells (p<0.05). Taken together with the very poor survival, we hypothesize the uncorrected Lin+ cells may place an extra burden systemically or within the bone marrow niche to decrease engraftment and survival.
Low-Power Design Techniques and Test Implications

This chapter provides a brief overview of the prevalent design techniques for dynamic and leakage power reduction in both logic and memory circuits. It also provides an introduction to power specification format, which allows specification of circuit properties with respect to power dissipation in a consistent manner. Next, it discusses the impact of existing low-power design techniques on test. Finally, it covers the test implications of the post-silicon adaptation approaches for power reduction.
Dietary inflammatory index and risk of renal cancer in the Iowa Women’s Health Study

The association between inflammatory potential of diet and renal cancer risk has not been investigated. In this study, we explored the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of renal cancer in the Iowa Women’s Health Study. From 1986 to 2011, 33,817 women initially recruited at 55–69 years of age were followed for incident renal cancers (n = 263). The DII was computed based on dietary intake assessed using a reproducible and valid 121-item food frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) adjusting for age, body mass index, energy intake, smoking status, education, pack years of smoking, hypertension, and hormone replacement therapy. Multivariable analyses revealed positive association between higher DII scores and renal cancer risk (HR for DIIcontinuous: 1.07 per unit increase in DII (corresponding to 10% change in the DII range in the current study); 95% CI 1.00, 1.15; HR for DIItertile3vs1 = 1.52; 95% CI 1.09, 2.13). Stratified analyses produced slightly stronger associations between DII and renal cancer risk among women with BMI <30 kg/m2 (HRTertile3vs1 = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.04, 2.36) and ever smokers (HRtertile3vs1 = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.22, 4.55), although the corresponding interaction p values were not significant. Pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, was associated with increased renal cancer risk.
The Effect of Terrorism on Judicial Confidence

Independent judiciaries prevent democratic reversals, facilitate peaceful transitions of power, and legitimate democracy among citizens. We believe this judicial independence is important for citizen-level judicial confidence and faith in democratic institutions. I challenge this and argue that citizens living under terror threats lose confidence in their independent judiciaries. Terror threats lead citizens to enable the state leader to provide counterterrorism for their security, which has important implications for interbranch relations between the executive and the judiciary. Citizens lose confidence in independent judiciaries that provide due process for suspected terrorists. I test my argument with mixed effects models that incorporate the Global Terrorism Database and four waves of European Values Survey. The analyses demonstrate the negative effects of terror threats on judicial confidence when interacting terror threats with measures of judicial independence. My findings have important implicatio...
O-032 Role of bedside multi-modality monitoring in detection of cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage

Introduction/Purpose After aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients are at risk for delayed ischemic neurologic deficits (DIND), that is thought to be secondary to vasospasm. DIND is suspected in the setting of depressed arousal or focal neurologic deficits and confirmed radiographically. Implanted brain monitors facilitate the detection of DIND and the assessment of treatment effectiveness when unable to follow neurologic examination. In this study we evaluated the efficacy of (1) continuous brain tissue oxygenation (PBTO2) monitoring, (2) glucose, and (3) lactate to pyruvate ratio (LPR) in detecting local vasospasm when confirmed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Materials and methods This retrospective observational study that includes 10 patients with high grade SAH, assessed over multiple time points. The extent of angiographic vasospasm for each vessel was subjectively graded by 5 different neuro-interventionalists. The grading then was quantified as 0 (no spasm) to 6 (severe spasm). The intracranial probes were placed at the Kochers point which lies at the watershed area between the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) on corresponding side closest focus to the pathology. The extent of vasospasm was estimated by the weighted average of (1 × ACA +2 × MCA+3 × internal carotid artery (ICA))/6. Presence of clinically significant spasm was defined to be equal or greater than 2 (mild spasms). PBTO2, glucose, and LPR measurements were averaged over the 24 hour period prior to each DSA. The bedside measurements from all patients were divided in the two groups with and without spasm and were compared in between patients using a two-tailed non-paired student T-test. Results Sixteen time intervals were evaluated for PBTO2 and 18 intervals for glucose and LPR. The average PBTO2 during spasm was significantly lower (17.6+/-5.5 versus 23.8+/-3.73, p=0.003). Glucose was non-significantly lower during spasm: 0.6 versus 1.1, p=0.15). LPR was also non-significantly higher in spasm (34.5 versus 28.6, p=0.24). In the subjects with multiple time intervals PbtO2 negatively correlates with degree of vasospasm (r=−0.97±0.05). Conclusion Multi-modality monitoring (MMM) of comatose patients with SAH yields potentially useful but difficult to interpret information in the setting of vasospasm, and clear diagnostic thresholds have yet to be determined. Quantitative comparison of MMM and DSA in the setting of vasospasm would be more reliable with more accurate approach to quantifying cerebral blood flow from angiography. Disclosures K. Khatibi: None. V. Szeder: None. G. Korbakis: None. M. Buitrago Blanco: None. S. Tateshima: None. R. Jahan: None. G. Duckwiler: None. P. Vespa: None.
Deregulierung und Liberalisierung der Telekommunikationsbranche in Europa und den USA

In den letzten zehn Jahren haben Technologie- und Nachfrageanderungen zur Deregulierung/Liberalisierung des globalen Telekommunikationsmarktes gefuhrt. In diesem Beitrag werden Entwicklungen dieses Marktes in zwei Landern — der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und den USA — beschrieben. Ferner werden Anderungen in der Unternehmensstrategie und -struktur zweier groser Telekommunikationsunternehmen — DBP Telekom und BellSouth — analysiert.