cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lack of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase Impairs Brown Adipose Tissue Function in Mice

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential member of the cell antioxidant defense system, since it efficiently catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radical (O2–) to H2O2 and O2 in the mitochondrial matrix. Previous studies from our group have revealed that MnSOD deletion in adipocytes confers resistance to HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance, due in part to enhanced fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial biogenesis in WAT, but resulted in brown adipose tissue (BAT) atrophy and cold intolerance. In order to gain insights into the mechanisms behind BAT atrophy in adipocytes-specific MnSOD knockout mice, we generated mice with BAT-specific deletion of MnSOD using Ucp1-cre line (USod2 KO mice). As expected MnSOD protein was absent from BAT but not from WAT of USod2 KO mice. In addition, a significant decrease in adipogenic markers, such as PPARγ and FABP-4 was observed in BAT of KO mice compared to BAT of control mice. Although no changes were observed in body weight and body composition, USod2 KO mice were cold intolerant, had lower metabolic rate and reduced heat production. Despite lower energy expenditure, USod2 KO mice have improved insulin and glucose tolerance. Taken together, these results indicate that lack of MnSOD in BAT impairs its function.
Patient-derived xenografts as models for the identification of predictive biomarkers in esophagogastric cancer.

4059 Background: Individual EG cancer subtypes have heterogeneous tumor characteristics and clinical outcome, making EG adenocarcinoma a complex disease to treat. Cytotoxic agents are applied to al...
Understanding the impact of a DUI court through treatment integrity: A mixed-methods approach

ABSTRACTResearch on treatment courts that specifically target drunk drivers (DUI courts) is mixed. Research on correctional interventions also suggests that treatment integrity is a central component of intervention effectiveness. The current study uses a mixed-methods approach to examine how an evaluation of treatment integrity can be used to inform an outcome evaluation of a DUI court. Results from the evaluation are compared to the results of a process evaluation focusing on adherence to “what works.” Discussion focuses on effectiveness of DUI courts, the importance of treatment integrity, and the benefits of this mixed method approach for program improvement.
A heuristic for designing manufacturing focus units with resource considerations

This paper presents a model of the plant-within-a-plant (PWP) design problem and demonstrates a heuristic for analysing the problem. Although the benefits of a manufacturing focus have been articulated in the literature, methods for implementation with consideration for resource requirements have not been developed previously. In this study, we discuss the importance of including resource considerations and propose a methodology that can help managers arrive at a facility design with a high degree of focus and minimum resource needs. A heuristic is developed that incorporates the concept of order-winning criteria and volume into the focus design. The heuristic not only recognises the effects of conflicting manufacturing tasks, but also considers resource costs and material flows between PWP units. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology offers managers the opportunity to generate and assess alternative PWP designs, which are otherwise unavailable. Overall, this research provides an analyti...
TRiC/CCT chaperonins are essential for maintaining myofibril organization, cardiac physiological rhythm, and lifespan.

We recently reported that CCT chaperonin subunits are upregulated in a cardiac-specific manner under time-restricted feeding (TRF) (Gill et al. Science 2015, 347:1265-9), suggesting that TRiC/CCT has a heart-specific function. To understand the CCT chaperonin function in cardiomyocytes, we performed its cardiac-specific knock-down in the Drosophila melanogaster model. This resulted in disorganization of cardiac actin- and myosin-containing myofibrils and severe physiological dysfunction, including restricted heart diameters, elevated cardiac dysrhythmia and compromised cardiac performance. We also noted that cardiac-specific knock-down of CCT chaperonin significantly shortens lifespans. Additionally, disruption of circadian rhythm yields further deterioration of cardiac function of hypomorphic CCT mutants. Our analysis reveals that both the orchestration of protein folding and circadian rhythms mediated by CCT chaperonin are critical for maintaining heart contractility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Transmission lines and signal integrity fundamentals

• Signal Integrity is increasingly challenging as data rate increases – form factor – cost • Some critical aspects of signal integrity are discussed and mitigation strategies presented – Loss, impedance matching, crosstalk, etc. • Non-ideal effects of interconnect need to be taken into account in high speed interconnect design • Equalization, Jitter, Eye-diagram are critical Signal Integrity fundamental concepts
Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation in Broken Symmetry III-V Semiconductor Metasurfaces driven by Fano resonance

We use broken symmetry III-V semiconductor Fano metasurfaces to substantially improve the efficiency of second-harmonic generation (SHG) in the near infrared, compared to SHG obtained from metasurfaces created using symmetrical Mie resonators.
Medicaid work requirements: a really bad idea for increasing employment

In January of 2018 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) announced that it would be granting waivers to states to impose either work or community engagement requirements on non-disabled, working-age Medicaid beneficiaries, based on the idea that such requirements would ‘promote better mental, physical, and emotional health’ and help families ‘rise out of poverty and attain independence'.1 To date, four states have approved waivers (Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky and New Hampshire) and seven states have pending waivers with CMS.2 These waivers typically require that individuals work anywhere from 20 to 30 hours per week or engage in some specified activity to maintain eligibility for Medicaid benefits, with exceptions made, in some cases, for the elderly, pregnant women, primary caregivers, students and those with substance-abuse disorders or serious physical illness. There are good reasons to fear that these waivers will not improve health or foster economic self-sufficiency among current Medicaid beneficiaries as CMS suggest but instead will lead to worse health outcomes and less economic security among individuals who lose access to healthcare as a consequence of these waivers. These concerns were one reason why implementation of the KY waiver was halted. In the case of Stewart v. Azar , the court found that in the approval of the waiver the Secretary of Health and Human Services failed to consider the waiver’s impact on providing affordable health coverage to the low-income populations identified by Congress …
S100A14 Is Increased in Activated NK Cells and Plasma of HIV-Exposed Seronegative People Who Inject Drugs and Promotes Monocyte-NK Crosstalk.

Background HIV-exposed seronegative people who inject drugs (HESN-PWID) have been shown to have increased natural killer (NK) cell and myeloid activation when compared with control donors. Methods We investigated potential mechanisms maintaining NK activation by conducting quantitative proteome comparisons of NK cells from HESN-PWID subjects and control donors. Proteins upregulated in NK cells were measured in the plasma of HESN-PWID subjects by ELISA and further investigated for their ability to induce innate immune activation in vitro. Results The NK cell proteome comparison showed markedly higher levels of interferon-stimulated proteins and S100 proteins, including S100A14. Consistent with these results, we observed significantly higher levels of S100A14 in the plasma of HESN-PWID subjects compared with controls (P = 0.033, n = 25). In vitro, the addition of recombinant S100A14 protein significantly activated NK cells in a peripheral blood mononuclear cell mixture (P = 0.011, n = 9), but not purified NK cells alone. Treatment of purified monocytes with recombinant S100A14 protein induced secretion of TNF-alpha and led to significantly higher NK CD69 activation (P = 0.0156, n = 7) in a co-culture through a TLR4-dependent interaction. Conclusions Our study identified S100A14 as a novel protein increased within NK cells and plasma of HESN-PWID subjects with the capacity to sustain NK activation through TLR4-dependent activation of myeloid cells.
Innovations in Pharmaceutical Innovation: New Medicines for Diseases of the Poor

The purpose of the symposium is to draw together researchers from several divisions within the Academy of Management to engage in a dialogue regarding the innovation process itself, and particularl...
Chronic endometritis: A prevalent yet poorly understood entity.

OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalent understanding of and management approaches to chronic endometritis among obstetricians/gynecologists. METHODS In a cross-sectional observational study, 262 members of national and international professional obstetrician/gynecologist societies were surveyed via anonymous electronic survey that investigated knowledge of the pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, clinical implications, and treatment strategies for chronic endometritis. Statistical analyses of results were performed using Fisher's exact tests, chi square tests and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. A two-sided P < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS Responses identified a concerning spectrum of deficiencies in the understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic endometritis, in awareness of clinical presentation of chronic endometritis, and in the understanding of methodology/ies that allow diagnosis of chronic endometritis. Heterogeneities in management approaches to chronic endometritis were apparent. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a need for targeted efforts to gain clarity on chronic endometritis and to establish evidence-based consensus for good clinical practice. In the absence of a clear understanding of chronic endometritis diagnosis, we posit that the prevalent inconsistencies are likely inflicting unquantified and underappreciated burdens on patients and healthcare systems. We propose consideration for a task force to examine existing literature and create standards for good practice for a prevalent condition.
No difference in relevant potential allergens in SPF-containing facial moisturizers: implications in frontal fibrosing alopecia

Although controversial, it has been proposed that the use of leave-on facial skin care products, namely daily facial moisturizers with sun protection factor (SPF), is associated with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA). In accordance, several authors have previously reported on patch testing results in cross-sectional studies of patients with FFA. The aim was to survey the top-selling facial moisturizers for the prevalence of potential allergens identified in FFA patient patch testing and to then distinguish if those moisturizers containing SPF were statistically more likely to have relevant potential allergens than moisturizers without SPF. Three online retailers were surveyed for the best-selling facial moisturizers, and ingredient lists were reviewed for allergens found in FFA-patient patch testing and fragrance and botanical cross-reactors. Out of 100 unique facial moisturizers, 87 contained at least one potential allergen identified in previous patch testing results of FFA patients. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of indicated allergens in facial moisturizers with SPF in comparison to those without SPF. It does not appear that the presence of additional identified allergens in facial moisturizers with SPF explains the reported association with FFA. Further prospective, comparative studies are necessary to understand the potential role of personal cosmetic products in the development of FFA.
EFEITO RESIDUAL DE IMAZAPIC SOBRE A GERMINAÇÃO E O DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE SOJA E MILHO EM ÁREA DE RENOVAÇÃO DE CANAVIAL

A sucessao e rotacao de culturas sao componentes vitais da agricultura moderna, porem a utilizacao de herbicidas com efeito residual pode acabar prejudicando uma cultura nao-tolerante cultivada em sucessao. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito residual e a fitoxicidade do Imazapic, aplicado em diferentes epocas no solo, sobre a germinacao e o desenvolvimento inicial nas culturas de soja e milho plantada em sucessao a cana. O ensaio foi realizado em condicoes de casa de vegetacao na Apta Centro Norte, em Pindorama-SP. O delineamento estatistico tanto para o milho quanto para a soja consistiu-se em blocos casualizados, com 4 epocas de aplicacao do imazapic (controle sem herbicida,90,60,30 e 0 dias antes do plantio do milho) e (90, 60, 30 e 0 dias antes do plantio da soja) na dose de 140 g.ha¹ do produto comercial, equivalente a 98 g.ha¹ do ingrediente ativo do herbicida com 5 repeticoes e 4 epocas distintas. Foram avaliadas as variaveis germinacao, mortalidade das plantas, altura das plantas e massa seca da parte aerea. A germinacao e a mortalidade de plantas foram afetadas pela aplicacao do herbicida no mesmo dia do plantio. As plantas de milho foram afetadas em relacao a sua altura e massa seca a partir quando o plantio ocorreu ate 60 dias apos a aplicacao do imazapic no solo. Para o plantio da cultura imediatamente apos a aplicacao do imazapic constatou-se mortalidade de plantas e grave inibicao de seu crescimento. O mesmo ocorreu com as plantas de soja, afetando a altura das plantas e a producao de massa seca pela parte aerea.
Effect evaluation of implementing supporting policy for national layer chicken industry - taking example for reconstruction project of layer chicken standardized large-scale rearing farm in Jiangxi province.

Based on the questionnaire investigation data in Jiangxi province,the author analyzed the effect of implementing "using premium to replace subsidy" policy for the reconstruction of layer chicken standardized large-scale rearing farm in China.The results showed that: the "using premium to replace subsidy" reconstruction project of national layer chicken standardized large-scale rearing farm realized the expected policy objective,gained the actual effects in enlarging the scale of rearing farm,increasing the egg production,strengthening the resistance to rearing risk and so on,and it was accepted by the vast majority of farmers.The following suggestions were put forward: further expanding the scope and coverage of implementing this policy,improving the standard of subsidy and operating procedure,ensuring the continuity and reliability of subsidy policy,timely coming on some related policies,such as preferential loan,fecal pollution treatment subsidy,electricity cost subsidy and feed subsidy,and gradually creating the long-term mechanism of supporting the development of layer chicken industry.
Low Temperature Activation of Methane on Metal-Oxides and Complex Interfaces: Insights from Surface Science.

ConspectusThe abundance of cheap, natural gas has transformed the energy landscape, whereby revealing new possibilities for sustainable chemical technologies or impacting those that have relied on traditional fossil fuels. The primary component, methane, is underutilized and wastefully exhausted, leading to anthropogenic global warming. Historically, the manipulation of methane remained "clavis aurea," an insurmountable yet rewarding challenge and thus the focus of intense research. This is primarily due to an inability to dissociate C-H bonds in methane selectively, which requires a high energy penalty and is an essential prerequisite for the direct conversion of methane into a large set of value-added products. The discovery of such processes would promise an energy gainful use of natural gas benefiting several essential chemical processes associated with C1 chemistry. This first C-H bond dissociation step of the methane molecule appears in numerous catalytic mechanisms as the rate-determining step or most essential barrier sequence for all subsequent steps that follow in the production of C-C, C-O, or Cx-Hy-Oz bonds found in value added products. A main goal is to catalytically reduce the energy barrier for the first C-H bond dissociation to be able to achieve the activation of methane at low or moderate temperatures. As such there is great value in understanding the fundamental nature of the active sites responsible for bond breaking or formation and thus be able to facilitate better control of this chemistry, leading to the development of new technologies for fuel production and chemical conversion. Surface science studies offer enhanced perspectives for a careful manipulation of bonds over the last layer atoms of catalyst surfaces, an essential factor for the design of atomically precise catalysts and unravelling of the reaction mechanism. With the advent of new surface imaging, spectroscopy, and in situ tools, it has been possible to decipher the surface chemistry of complex materials systems and further our understanding of atomic active sites on the surfaces of metals, oxides, and carbides or metal-oxide and metal-carbide interfaces. The once considered near impossible step of C-H bond activation is now observed at low temperatures with high propensity over a collection of oxide, metal-oxide, and metal-carbide systems in a conventional or inverse configuration (oxide or carbide on metal). The enabling of C-H activation at low temperature has opened interesting possibilities for the specific production of chemicals such as methanol directly from methane, a step toward facile synthesis of liquid fuels. We highlight the most recent of these results and present the key aspects of active site configurations engineered from surface science studies which enable such a simple reactive event through careful manipulation of the last surface layer of atoms found in the catalyst structure. New concepts which help in the activation and conversion of methane are discussed.
Terahertz Vibrational Motions Mediate Gas-Uptake in Organic Clathrates

Clathrates, supramolecular materials that contain guest molecules trapped within a framework of a host lattice, are important in many areas of science and technology. However, despite much research...
Beliefs about medications for opioid use disorder among Florida criminal problem-solving court & dependency court staff.

Criminal problem-solving and dependency (child/dependent) court staff refer clients with opioid use disorder (OUD) to treatment and set treatment policies. Negative beliefs regarding the safety and...
Genetic parameter estimation for beef bull semen attributes

Improvements in bull reproductive performance are necessary to optimize the efficiency of cattle production. Female fertility has been enhanced through assisted reproductive technologies as well as genetic selection; however, improving beef bull fertility has been largely ignored. Phenotypes routinely collected at bull semen collection facilities are believed to affect fertility and provide the phenotypes necessary for a genetic evaluation. The first objective of this study was to determine the significant fixed effects for modeling beef bull fertility using data from bull semen collection facilities. The second objective was to estimate variance components, heritabilities, repeatabilities, and correlations between beef bull semen attributes. Beef bull fertility phenotypes including volume (VOL), concentration (CONC), number of spermatozoa (NSP), initial motility (IMot), post-thaw motility (PTMot), 3-h post-thaw motility (3HRPTMot), percentage of normal spermatozoa (%NORM), primary abnormalities (PRIM), and secondary abnormalities (SEC) were obtained from two bull semen collection facilities. A total of 1,819 Angus bulls with 50,624 collection records were analyzed. Of the fixed class and covariate effects tested, the significant class effects were collection location and collection day within year and the significant covariate effects included age at collection, days since previous collection, and cumulative comprehensive climate index (CCI). For this study, the CCI was calculated for a 75-d period including the 61-d spermatogenesis cycle and 14-d epididymal transit time. The 75 d prior to collection accounted for the environmental stress a bull may have experienced over the course of development of the spermatozoa, which was more significant than the CCI calculated for collection day or spermatogenesis start date. Pre-thaw beef bull semen traits had low heritability estimates of 0.11 ± 0.02 (VOL), 0.09 ± 0.02 (CONC), 0.08 ± 0.02 (NSP), and 0.12 ± 0.03 (IMot). Heritabilities of post-thaw beef bull semen attributes were more variable at 0.10 ± 0.02 (PTMot), 0.05 ± 0.04 (3HRPTMot), 0.10 ± 0.04 (%NORM), 0.03 ± 0.03 (PRIM), and 0.18 ± 0.04 (SEC). Correlations of breeding values for these traits with scrotal circumference (SC) expected progeny difference (EPD) are low. The low to moderate heritability estimates indicate that genetic improvement can be made in beef bull semen quality traits if new tools are developed to augment the scrotal circumference EPD that are currently available within the industry.
Identifying i-motif formation using capillary electrophoresis.

Over the past few years, intercalated motifs (i-motifs) have attracted attention due to the direct visualization of their existence in the nuclei of human cells. Traditionally, i-motifs have been studied using expensive and complicated nuclear magnetic resonance, and/or relatively inexpensive but less common circular dichroism spectrometry. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using less expensive, less complicated, and more widely available capillary electrophoresis (CE) as an alternative for i-motif related research. The mobilities of two DNA and two RNA i-motifs in CE were determined under different pH conditions. Our results demonstrate that CE is able to identify and differentiate mostly folded, partially folded, and mostly unfolded DNA and RNA i-motifs through changes in peak shape and migration time, thus providing a new method to study both i-motif conformation and the interactions between i-motifs and their ligands. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Treatment of Myopic Macular Holes and Detachment with Liquid Vitreous — Intravitreal Gas Exchange

Conventional scleral buckling operations for retinal detachments caused by macular holes are very difficult and usually not successful in reattaching the macula and improving vision (1, 2). The more recent advances of pars plana vitrectomy (3) provide a more direct treatment for this condition with improved results. A simple modification of pars plana vitrectomy involving replacement of liquid vitreous with an expanding SF-6 bubble (4) has been used in 4 cases with good anatomical and visual results.
Implementing clinical practice guidelines: social influence strategies and practitioner behavior change

Clinical practice guidelines offer potentially valuable tools for rationalizing health care delivery and improving patient outcomes. Currently, major efforts are under way to develop, test, and refine guidelines for a wide variety of medical conditions and procedures. Although methods for producing guidelines are fairly well understood and continue to improve, experience suggests that guidelines rarely translate directly into changes in practice. For various reasons, including physician resistance or incomplete understanding of the need for guidelines, they have proven difficult to implement. This article describes a broad range of strategies for implementing clinical practice guidelines based on the social influences that affect health practitioner behavior. The article also examines issues surrounding the selection and use of individual strategies or combinations of strategies in specific efforts to improve the quality of health care.
On a Recurrence Arising in Graph Compression

In a recently proposed graphical compression algorithm by Choi and Szpankowski (2012), the following tree arose in the course of the analysis. The root contains $n$ balls that are consequently distributed between two subtrees according to a simple rule: In each step, all balls independently move down to the left subtree (say with probability $p$) or the right subtree (with probability $1-p$). A new node is created as long as there is at least one ball in that node. Furthermore, a nonnegative integer $d$ is given, and at level $d$ or greater one ball is removed from the leftmost node before the balls move down to the next level. These steps are repeated until all balls are removed (i.e., after $n+d$ steps). Observe that when $d=\infty$ the above tree can be modeled as a trie that stores $n$ independent sequences generated by a binary memoryless source with parameter $p$. Therefore, we coin the name $(n,d)$-tries for the tree just described, and to which we often refer simply as $d$-tries. We study here in detail the path length, and show how much the path length of such a $d$-trie differs from that of regular tries. We use methods of analytic algorithmics, from Mellin transforms to analytic poissonization.
Evaluation of the suitability of free-energy minimization using nearest-neighbor energy parameters for RNA secondary structure prediction

A detailed understanding of an RNA's correct secondary and tertiary structure is crucial to understanding its function and mechanism in the cell. Free energy minimization with energy parameters based on the nearest-neighbor model and comparative analysis are the primary methods for predicting an RNA's secondary structure from its sequence. Version 3.1 of Mfold has been available since 1999. This version contains an expanded sequence dependence of energy parameters and the ability to incorporate coaxial stacking into free energy calculations. We test Mfold 3.1 by performing the largest and most phylogenetically diverse comparison of rRNA and tRNA structures predicted by comparative analysis and Mfold, and we use the results of our tests on 16S and 23S rRNA sequences to assess the improvement between Mfold 2.3 and Mfold 3.1. The average prediction accuracy for a 16S or 23S rRNA sequence with Mfold 3.1 is 41%, while the prediction accuracies for the majority of 16S and 23S rRNA structures tested are between 20% and 60%, with some having less than 20% prediction accuracy. The average prediction accuracy was 71% for 5S rRNA and 69% for tRNA. The majority of the 5S rRNA and tRNA sequences have prediction accuracies greater than 60%. The prediction accuracy of 16S rRNA base-pairs decreases exponentially as the number of nucleotides intervening between the 5' and 3' halves of the base-pair increases. Our analysis indicates that the current set of nearest-neighbor energy parameters in conjunction with the Mfold folding algorithm are unable to consistently and reliably predict an RNA's correct secondary structure. For 16S or 23S rRNA structure prediction, Mfold 3.1 offers little improvement over Mfold 2.3. However, the nearest-neighbor energy parameters do work well for shorter RNA sequences such as tRNA or 5S rRNA, or for larger rRNAs when the contact distance between the base-pairs is less than 100 nucleotides.
Rigidity and Convexity of Hypersurfaces in Spheres

We shall consider isometric immersions \(x:{\text M}^{n}\rightarrow\,\,{\text X}^{n+1}\) of a compact, connected, orientable, n-dimensional \((n\geq 2),{\text C}^\infty\) Riemannian manifold \({\text M}^{n}\) in a simply connected Riemannian manifold \({\text X}^{n+1}\) of constant sectional curvature.
THE ROLE OF NEGATIVE FEEDBACK IN THE PROCESS OF OPPORTUNITY EXPLOITATION

This study examines how negative feedback during opportunity exploitation influences the attributes and innovativeness of new products, and how these changes affect performance. In our study of 130 pre-venture clients from Small Business Development Centers, we find negative feedback positively affects the extent of product change, with additional influence when entrepreneurs are high in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Idea ownership and the initial newness of the product do not increase the effect of negative feedback on product change. Additionally, the extent of attribute changes significantly increases the performance of the launched product. We find no support for negative feedback influencing the innovativeness of the product.
Challenges in Developing High Energy Density Li-Ion Batteries with High Voltage Cathodes

The issues of low coulombic efficiency and capacity fading encountered in the development of high voltage spinel LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 (LNMO) and lithium cobalt phosphate LiCoPO4 (LCP) were reviewed. The developments in the area of electrolytes including the use of additives and fluorinated solvents for improved electrolyte stability and the area of LNMO and LCP cathodes themselves using substitution for stabilizing the cathodes were also reviewed. The advancement of high voltage Li-ion batteries will need to couple the improvement of high voltage cathode materials and electrolytes together for optimum performance.
Lorentz Body Force Induced by Traveling Magnetic Fields

The Lorentz force induced by a traveling magnetic field (TMF) in a cylindrical container has been calculated. The force can be used to control flow in dectrically conducting melts and the direction of the magnetic field and resulting flow can be reversed. A TMF can be used to partially cancel flow driven by buoyancy. The penetration of the field into the cylinder decreases as the frequency increases, and there exists an optimal value of frequency for which the resulting force is a maximum. Expressions for the Lorentz force in the limiting cases of low frequency and infinite cylinder are also given and compared to the numerical calculations.
Non-local modeling of impact ionization for optimal device/circuit design in fully depleted SOI CMOS technology

Deep-submicron, thin fully depleted (TFD) SOI MOSFETs are potentially viable for future ULSI technology, and they also have potential applications in low-power circuits. However as they are aggressively scaled down, premature breakdown and off-state latch, attributed to the parasitic BJT driven by impact-ionization, threaten their viability. Reliable modeling of these effects requires a non-local analysis of impact ionization, as opposed to conventional local-field analyses that tend to over-predict the carrier generation rate. Furthermore, to study the mentioned effects at the circuit level, the models have to be compact while reflecting the underlying device physics. In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a non-local model for impact ionization in fully depleted SOI MOSFETs in both strong and weak inversion, and we discuss application of the device model in our predictive circuit simulator SOISPICE-2 to design optimization of scaled SOI CMOS. >
All-optical erasable storage buffer based on parametric nonlinearity in fiber

We present an erasable all-optical buffer based on parametric gain and cross-phase modulation loading. The buffer is erased by employing a loop-mirror as a switch. We demonstrate storage of 1Gb/s packets for 1 ms.
Isolation of Mutants of Bacteriophage T4 Unable to Induce Thymidine Kinase Activity

Abstract New mutants of T4 have been isolated by using a strain of Escherichia coli lacking thymidine kinase activity. These T4 mutants, designated tk, are able to grow on this E. coli strain under light on plates containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine and were all found to be unable to induce thymidine kinase (ATP: thymidine 5′-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.21). All of these tk mutants fall into one complementation group which maps just to the right of rI on the standard T4 genetic map, far from most other genes coding for enzymes involved in pyrimidine metabolism. The tk mutants grow as well as wild-type T4, indicating that thymidine kinase is a non-essential enzyme.
Environmental Keynesian macroeconomics: Some further discussion

Abstract This paper extends the IS–LM–EE framework first formulated by Heyes (Heyes, A., 2000. A proposal for the greening of textbook macro: ‘IS–LM–EE’. Ecol. Econ. 32, 1–7). In his model, exogenous fiscal or monetary shocks are needed so that the intersection of all three schedules is reached. Such independent adjustments are circumvented in this paper, which argues that a naturally adjusting process exists and formalizes this mechanism for the IS–LM–EE framework.
Transformational experiences in young people: the meaning of a safe haven

What do adolescents find meaningful in their exposure to spiritual education organised by religious or spiritual institutions? A qualitative study of adolescents participating in summer school events organised by the Religious Society of Friends and Sahaj Marg meditation system was carried out and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Two central themes emerged of ‘safe haven’ and ‘transforming processes’. The meaning of ‘safe haven’ was further examined and related to Gaston Bachelard’s evocation of the primordial sense of home.
Deadline-sensitive workflow orchestration without explicit resource control

Deadline-sensitive workflows require careful coordination of user constraints with resource availability. Current distributed resource access models provide varying degrees of resource control: from limited or none in grid batch systems to explicit in cloud systems. Additionally applications experience variability due to competing user loads, performance variations, failures, etc. These variations impact the quality of service (QoS) that goes unaccounted for in planning strategies. In this paper we propose Workflow ORchestrator for Distributed Systems (WORDS) architecture based on a least common denominator resource model that abstracts the differences and captures the QoS properties provided by grid and cloud systems. We investigate algorithms for effective orchestration (i.e., resource procurement and task mapping) for deadline-sensitive workflows atop the resource abstraction provided in WORDS. Our evaluation compares orchestration methodologies over TeraGrid and Amazon EC2 systems. Experimental results show that WORDS enables effective orchestration possible at reasonable costs on batch queue grid and cloud systems with or without explicit resource control.
Fraction representations of non-linear systems: a simplified approach

Abstract A non-linear system Σ has a right fraction representation if it can be represented as Σ = PQ−1, where P and Q are stable systems, and it has a left fraction representation if it can be represented as Σ = G −1 T, where G and T are stable systems. We develop here a theory of right and of left fraction representations for discrete-time non-linear systems with bounded input sequences. We indicate the connection between fraction representations and the stabilization problem for non-linear systems.
Human neuroscience at National Institute on Drug Abuse: implications for genetics research.

It is becoming clear that there is a genetic component to drug abuse. Family studies, adoption studies, and critical twin studies have all pointed to some genetic vulnerability or risk factors for an individual to abuse psychoactive drugs depending on certain psychopathologies in the biological parents and/or parents' own drug use. The question for the next generation of research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is to apply the rapidly developing technology in molecular genetics in an effort to determine the candidate genes contributing to the risk. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Empirical Expression for Line Widths of Ammonia From Far-Infrared Measurements

The hydrogen- and self-broadened line widths of 116 (sup 14)NH(sub 3) ground state transitions with J,K = 1,0 to 10,10 have been measured at 0.0006 cm(sup -1) resolution using a Bruker spectrometer between 40 to 210 cm(sup -1). These experimental widths have been reproduced to 2.4% and 11% respectively using an heuristically derived expression of the form....
Direct determination of7Be in sediments

Cosmic-ray produced7Be (53 days half-life) is directly measurable in freshly collected samples of river and coastal zone sediments using a lithium-drifted germanium detector. Calibration of the detector is discussed and an assessment of overall accuracy and sensitivity presented. The detection limit for a 250-g dry weight sediment sample contained in a Marinelli Beaker and counted for 200 minutes is approximately 0.4 pCi/g. Applications toward locating zones of rapid sedimentation as well as in understanding shallow-water sedimentation dynamics are suggested.
Paramedic services: Nationwide distribution and management structure

A paramedic clearinghouse to provide information on the status of advanced life support systems in the United States is being established at the Center for the Study of Emergency Health Services, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. As the first phase of this project a list of paramedic services categorized by location, population of area served, and management structure was compiled. A total of 310 paramedic services was identified, the majority fairly evenly distributed through midpopulation ranges, the largest number in the 50,000 to 100,000 range. Paramedic services operated by fire departments were most common. As the second phase, a survey of the operation, paramedic certification and education, and the organization of financing of these services is planned. Six services, each representing a different management or educational approach, were selected to test the survey instrument.
Adolescent drug abuse: search for a treatment model.

Summary We have tried to define in this paper what we feel are the necessary ingredients in treating the adolescent drug abuser and have tried putting the idea of a “therapeutic community” within a theoretical framework for treating a specific population. We defined what problems we felt needed to be provided for if one considered the issue of adolescent drug abuse without a treatment model in mind. We offered guidelines in providing for these problems and tried to give a general picture of the major diffculties in working within this kind of model. Not all the problems have been solved by us, and we have tried to clearly show where we find paradoxes and unsolvable problems. We have described some of what it is like to struggle with the problems of normal parenting of adolescents, with providing a medium in which ego defects can be repaired, and with providing a forum where internal psychological conflicts can be resolved. We have shown how we have constantly to keep in mind our own unconscious and conscious needs and the difficulties encountered in trying to do so. Our search continues to be one for a model that offers the moet effective form of treatment to the patient and that also makes our work more gratifying, our intimacies more pleasurable, and our struggles less painful. The task of our staff is this constant search, with its joy and anguish for a utopian goal that can probably never be reached. We are reminded again and again that the rewards and successes are in the search itself, but they can only be seen when we take our eyes off the distant horizon where they keep futilely seeking the journey's end.
Tuning into immunological dissonance: an experimental model for infectious mononucleosis

Virus infections cause a much more profound perturbation of the lymphoid tissue than can be accounted for by the exigencies of the antigen-specific response. The extent of this 'immunological dissonance' is seen most dramatically in mice infected with a persistent gamma-herpesvirus, MHV-68. A profile of massive, continuing proliferation of both T and B cells in the lymph nodes and spleen leads to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of a CD62Llow CD8+ T cell subset in the blood, a pattern first detected two to three weeks after intranasal exposure to the inducing virus. This syndrome, which seems identical to human infectious mononucleosis (IM), persists for a further month or more. Part of the IM-like phase of MHV-68 infection reflects the selective expansion of Vbeta4+ CD8+ T cells, with the Vbeta4 effect being apparent for several different MHC class I H-2 types but not in mice that are deficient in MHC class II glycoprotein expression. Depleting CD4(+) T helper cells in MHV-68-infected mice leads to the decreased proliferation of the CD8+ T cells in the spleen and fewer CD62Llow CD8+ T lymphocytes than would be expected in peripheral blood, but fails to diminish the prominence of the V4beta+ CD8+ population. The results so far of this unique experimental mouse model of IM suggest that both cytokine-mediated effects and a viral superantigen are operating to promote the dramatic expansion and persistence of activated CD8+ T cells in the vascular compartment.
Electric Gun Turrets for Aircraft

THIS war has seen an unprecedented development of armament, both offensive and defensive, for military aircraft. One of the most widely used and, therefore, perhaps one of the most important of these has been the power-driven gun turret, three or four of which are used on all our heavy bombers, and one or more on most smaller bombers and equivalent planes. This paper briefly surveys the field of electric-drive equipment for turrets to give a picture of the types and variety of equipment now in use and the requirements made of it, together with a description of how it works.
Narcissistic Illusions in Self-Evaluations of Intelligence and Attractiveness

In this study we compared the ability of narcissism and self-esteem to predict positive illusions in self-evaluations of intelligence and physical attractiveness in a sample of 146 college students. Narcissism predicted both types of illusion for males and females; self-esteem predicted intelligence self-illusion for males. Both males and females overestimated their own intelligence, with males, but not females, also overestimating their attractiveness. Positive illusions for intelligence and attractiveness were correlated. Males showed greater positive illusions than females, with this effect at least partly attributable to observed gender differences in narcissism.
Medical student operative experience correlates with a match to a categorical surgical program.

Abstract Background Interest in general surgical residencies has decreased significantly. Because medical student clerkship experiences may affect specialty preferences, we attempted to determine if the degree of exposure to surgical procedures influenced career choices. Methods Operations observed by students who completed the third-year surgical clerkship between 1998 and 1999 were reviewed. These 146 medical students, who matched to residency training programs in March 2000, were then divided into three groups based upon residency fields. Surgical case exposures were then compared between the groups. Results The total number of operations observed was similar between the groups. However, students who matched into categorical general surgical programs participated in significantly more abdominal and general surgical procedures than those matching in surgical subspecialty or nonsurgical residencies ( P Conclusions There appears to be a correlation between surgical case exposure during the third-year clerkships and future residency fields. Thus, the degree of exposure to surgical procedures may influence medical student career choices.
A prediction technique for snap bean maturity incorporating soil moisture with the heat unit system

Abstract Field experiments were conducted at Clemson University in 1966 to study the accuracy of the heat unit system in predicting maturity dates of snap beans. The growing-degree hour method was found to be unreliable in predicting the maturity for three plantings of Harvester and Tendercrop snap beans. Indications were that other environmental factors, in addition to temperature, affected the maturity of this crop. The available soil moisture for each of the three plantings varied greatly. Because of the unreliability of the heat unit method, it was decided to integrate the available soil moisture parameter into the degree hour method. The formula that gave the smallest coefficient of variation was one using the daily heat unit multiplied by a ratio of the daily available soil moisture to a constant soil moisture value. Literature does not reveal the available soil moisture level at which the snap bean begins to suffer a reduction in growth and development. Determination of this level was done experimentally. It was found that optimum available soil moisture level to be used as the constant soil moisture value in the formula was in the 57–59% range. Predicting the maturity of snap beans was improved by integrating available soil moisture into the heat unit system. This improvement can be used to advantage by the snap bean grower or processor.
Effects of Feed Composition and Feeding Schedule on Growth and Development of Broiler Breeder Males

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of feeding broiler breeder males: 1) a 15 or 20% protein starter diet (0 to 4 weeks) and 2) varying levels of energy and protein on an every day (ED) or on an every other day (EOD) basis during the growing period (4 to 20 weeks). Weight gain and shank length at 28 days were less for males started on 15% protein in both experiments. In the first experiment, males fed diets containing 2.8 kcal metabolizable energy (ME)/g during the grower period weighed and gained more than those fed 2.0 kcal ME/g although total ME intake was the same. Males fed ED gained significantly more than those fed EOD. In the second experiment, males fed 15% protein during the grower period gained and weighed more than those fed 12 or 18% protein, and those fed 15% ED gained and weighed significantly more than those fed 20% EOD. In both experiments males fed ED were more feed efficient (as measured by gain/feed consumed) than males fed EOD but consuming the same amount of feed. Semen characteristics were not affected by feeding schedule or grower diet protein level. Fertility was higher in 3 of the 4 weeks sampled for males fed 15% ED. Results indicate that feeding schedule (ED vs. EOD) as well as nutrient intake influence body weight gains of broiler breeder males.
Gastric and pyloric motor response to sympathetic nerve stimulation after chemical sympathectomy.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of electrical stimulation of the greater splanchnic nerve on gastric and gastroduodenal motility in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-pretreated anesthetized dogs. Biopsies from the stomach, pylorus and duodenum were obtained and analyzed by catecholamine fluorescence microscopy. Degeneration of adrenergic terminals in Auerbach's plexus was complete at 1 week. The majority of stimulations in control dogs or dogs treated with 6-OHDA produced contractions in the gastric body, antrum, and pylorus and relaxation of inhibition in the duodenum. The excitatory motor responses in the gastric body, antrum and pylorus were unaffected by the administration of hexamethonium. Following atropine administration, contractions due to splanchnic nerve stimulation virtually were abolished in the antrum, polyrus and duodenum and were reduced in number in the gastric body. Relaxation and inhibition were no longer observed in the duodenum after astropine. The greater splanchnic nerve appears to contain both excitatory and inhibitory cholinergic pathways to the musculature of the stomach, pylorus, and duodenum.