cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MARKET STRUCTURE AND SPELLS OF EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT: EVIDENCE FROM THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN EGYPT

SUMMARY This paper investigates the links between market structure and spells of employment and unemployment in the construction sector in Egypt using an augmented job search framework. Two key features of the model are the reservation frontier which allows for a trade-off between wages and expected duration of employment, and the dependency of unemployment durations on expected employment durations and expected wages. These, as well as conjectures concerning the influence of demand-side forces obtained from the expressions for the transition rates out of employment and unemployment, are examined using Weibull, log-logistic and generalized gamma parameterizations of the hazard rate. The parametric assumptions are exploited to resolve problems associated with selectivity and use of generated regressors.
Predictors of conflict over the household division of labor among women employed full-time

This empirical study examined predictors of conflict over the household division of labor among a group of 319 middle class, less traditional married women in order to examine the degree to which equity factors predicted conflict. Forty of the women were either African American, Hispanic, Native American, or Asian. An analysis of covariance indicated that there were no differences by race/ethnicity. The study explored the following: (1) the degree to which equity factors predict conflicts over household labor, (2) which equity factors best account for conflict, (3) the degree to which particular equity factors mediate the relationship of conflict with other variables, (4) whether equity factors are more compelling in predicting conflicts than practical or status variables, and (5) whether women's perceptions of the reasons for conflict put more emphasis on equity than on other issues. Results indicated that while both equity and practical factors predicted conflict, equity factors were more statistically significant. The best overall model of conflict suggested that it was predicted by lower satisfaction with the division of labor (which, in turn, was contingent upon time differentials between spouses and the time a womans' spouse spent on traditional women's tasks), a larger number of household members, a woman's younger age, and performing a greater number of overall household tasks. Equity is important to such women and constitutes a basis for making arguments about justice. However, these employed women devote twelve hours more per week to household labor than their partners and are relatively satisfied with the division. Chaeftz's theory of gender equity identifies where this sample of employed women may be located in the process of change.
Degeneration of CA1 neurons in hippocampus after ischemia in Mongolian gerbils: Cyclic AMP-systems

Abstract Bilateral ischemia induced by occlusion of the carotid arteries for 5 min causes a selective degeneration of CA1 neurons of the hippocampus of Mongolian gerbils. The degeneration process is complete in 14 days as assessed by light microscopy. After one week, basal values for radioactive cyclic AMP in [3H]adenine-labeled tissue from the CA1 region of hippocampus are greatly reduced as are the absolute magnitude of accumulations of cyclic AMP elicited by norepinephrine, 2-chloroadenosine and histamine. At 2 and 4 weeks, basal values for radioactive cyclic AMP have nearly attained control values and the response to 2-chloroadenosine is fully restored. The response of cyclic AMP-generating systems to norepinephrine is now significantly greater than in control, while the response to histamine remains reduced in magnitude. The ischemia has no effect on basal values for radioactive cyclic AMP or on responses in [3H]adenine-labeled slices from cerebral cortex. Histamine levels after ischemia are significantly increased above control in the CA1 region. Basal and histamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in the membrane preparations are slightly decreased during the first week after ischemia, followed by a recovery. There is an inverse correlation between histamine levels and adenylate cyclase activity in individual animals 4 days after ischemia.
Dynamics of classical and quantum spin systems with random fields

We study the effect of quenched time-independent random fields coupled linearly to the order parameter on the dynamical critical behavior of spin systems. We assume that the dynamics is described by a Langevin equation without conservation of the order parameter. It is shown that the dominant fluctuations are those induced by the random fields and, therefore, thermal fluctuations are irrelevant. This allows us to establish a relation between this model and a quantum spin system in the presence of a quenched random field. Moreover, we find that only static exponents in $D$ dimensions are the same as those of the pure ($D\ensuremath{-}2$)-dimensional theory, but the dynamical exponent $z$ does not satisfy this relation. The quantum system in $D$ dimensions is studied through its ($D+1$)-dimensional equivalent model where the quenched random fields are totally correlated in the additional imaginary-time ($\ensuremath{\tau}$) direction. The system is anisotropic, and there is a new exponent ${z}_{A}$ associated with the scaling behavior in the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ direction. We find the relation $z=2{z}_{A}$ to all orders in perturbation theory. For the zero-temperature quantum model we find that the static (zero-frequency) exponents are the same as those of the ($D\ensuremath{-}3$)-dimensional pure quantum model. At finite temperature, when the classical system is finite in the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ direction, we predict a crossover to $D$-dimensional classical behavior in nonstatic response and correlation functions, with crossover exponent ${({z}_{A}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{(D\ensuremath{-}2)})}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, where ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{(D\ensuremath{-}2)}$ is the exponent $\ensuremath{\nu}$ for the ($D\ensuremath{-}2$)-dimensional pure classical system. The static correlation functions do not have this cross-over behavior and are the same as those of the ($D\ensuremath{-}3$)-dimensional pure quantum model. The dimensional shift in static quantities for both quantum and classical dynamical systems is a consequence of a supersymmetry in the underlying field theory. The exponent ${z}_{A}=1+\ensuremath{\eta}+O(\frac{1}{{N}^{2}})$ in the large-$N$ limit or ${z}_{A}=1+c\ensuremath{\eta}+O({\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{4})$ in the $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ expansion where $c=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{3}{4}[\frac{(N+2)}{{(N+8)}^{2}}]\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ and $\ensuremath{\eta}$ is the same as in the ($D\ensuremath{-}2$)-dimensional pure classical system. We also study the above classical random-field Ising problem using the interface approach, but are unable to draw any definite conclusion about the dynamics at the lower critical dimension $D=3$.
Participation and Pedagogy: Connecting the Social Web to ACRL Learning Outcomes.

Abstract This article examines the connection between ACRL information literacy standards and constructivist pedagogy. This connection is used to support use of Web 2.0 tools for information literacy instruction. Sample exercises using these tools are provided for each ACRL learning outcome, and the tools' suitability for the constructivist approach is reasserted.
Time-Dependent Deformation of Low Carbon Steel at Elevated Temperatures

Abstract This paper focuses on the microstructure and deformation properties of structural steel at elevated temperatures. The amounts and morphology of carbides present were monitored as a function of thermal exposure parameters. It was observed that as the temperature approaches the ferrite-austenite phase transformation (727 °C), considerable diffusion of cementite plates and abnormal grain growth occurs. A viscoplastic constitutive model has been employed to simulate the flow behavior of the steel. Monotonic and cyclic tests were carried out to determine the kinematic and isotropic hardening parameters required for full identification of the model variables. Results of the model were compared with those obtained experimentally. The material parameters were shown to be sensitive to the microstructure and temperature. Variation in carbide amounts and morphology in the post thermal exposed specimens result in differences in the kinematic hardening, as compared to the as received material. Furthermore, the temperature sensitivity of the isotropic hardening is indicated by the presence a cyclic hardening/softening transition in the temperatures 600–700 °C. Validity of the model in capturing time dependent behavior of the structural steel is examined using a sequentially coupled thermal-stress finite element analysis of single steel beam. Results of this simulation are discussed in terms of effects of temperature and strain-rate sensitivity on the material's viscoplastic deformation response.
Thoughts on a variable meridional overturning cell and a variable heat-flux to the atmosphere

The atmospheric response to a potential slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning cell (AMOC) is examined using the nonlinear analytical approach (for Heinrich events) introduced by Sandal and Nof (Sandal, C. and Nof, D., A new analytical model for Heinrich events and climate instability. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 2008, 38, 451–466; SN, hereafter). Most numerical global climate models predict that the atmosphere should cool in response to the increased freshwater-fluxes (“hosing”) that slow the AMOC down and significantly reduce the heat-flux to the atmosphere. Our application of SN to the modern day climate suggests that the answer to the question of how the atmosphere responds to a slowing AMOC is not that simple. Within the (admittedly limited) dynamics which SN invoke, we find that, as the global numerical climate models predict, a slowdown of the AMOC will indeed cause the mean atmosphere of the entire Northern Hemisphere to cool. However, in contrast to the numerical predictions, our analytical appro...
The roles of specific template nucleosides in the formation of stable transcription complexes by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.

Abstract We have examined the effects of removing individual template nucleosides on promoter escape by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in vitro. The ability of DNA templates containing random single nucleoside gaps generated by hydroxyl radical treatment to support the production of stable ternary transcription complexes was analyzed. On two templates containing different promoter and initial transcribed regions, we found that removal of nucleosides on the template strand in the region from −13 to at least +8 relative to the transcription start site interfered with ternary complex formation. The downstream border of this region varied for the two templates, suggesting an effect of the specific nucleotide sequence on the stability of intermediates in the promoter escape process. On the nontemplate strand, removal of nucleosides in the vicinity of the −10 consensus promoter element interfered with escape, whereas removal of nucleosides in the vicinity of the transcription start site actually enhanced the yield of ternary complexes. On one template, removal of nucleosides in an A-tract containing region upstream of the promoter caused a significant decrease in promoter escape, consistent with previous suggestions that contacts between this region and the RNA polymerase play a role in promoter binding and/or initiation.
Expression patterns of cotton chloroplast genes during development: implications for development of plastid transformation vectors

Although most plastid transformation studies have focused on chloroplast expression, plastid transformation can also be used to express genes in plastids of a wide variety of plant tissues by using appropriate plastid promoters. Based on the sequence of the Gossypium hirsutum chloroplast genome, we developed primers and amplified segments of 20 different plastid genes. The PCR products were labeled and used in filter dot blot hybridization studies to characterize their expression levels and patterns in total RNA isolated from light- and dark-grown cotton tissues at different developmental stages. A subset of 6 genes among these was further characterized by real time PCR. Highest expression levels were observed for rrn16 and psbA. Four genes were expressed in all samples at relatively constant levels: accD, atpA, matK and rrn16. Expression in root tissue was generally low. The results of our study can be used to predict which operons and promoters are most likely to be preferentially expressed in the plastids of tissues of interest at levels that would result in the desired phenotype, facilitating the development of plastid transformation vectors.
Garfinkel before ethnomethodology

A short story titled “‘Color Trouble’” by Harold Garfinkel was published inOpportunity in 1940,The Best Short Stories 1941, andPrimer for White Folks in 1945. Garfinkel wrote this short story before World War II while a research fellow at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill under Howard W. Odum, the founder ofSocial Forces “‘Color Trouble’” narrates poignantly the racial victimization of a young black woman traveling on a public bus through the State of Virginia. The short story provides sociologists with a different medium through which to examine the seminal interests of ethnomethodology’s founder. In a literary form, the short story depicts such ethnomethodological concepts as the breaching experiment, the “et cetera clause,” “ad hocing,” and the status degradation ceremony. Garfinkel’s “‘Color Trouble’” also suggests the way in which ethnomethodology overlaps with, as well as diverges from, Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective.
In vitro 14C-amino acid fermentation by CF3, a characterized continuous-flow competitive exclusion culture of caecal bacteria.

Competition for growth-limiting nutrients by broiler caecal bacteria and Salmonella has been suggested as one factor associated with decreased Salmonella caecal colonization. The amino acids arginine, aspartic acid, serine and threonine have been indicated as Salmonella growth-limiting nutrients. Broiler caecal bacteria maintained in a continuous-flow culture (CF3™) were used as inoculum for media containing 14C-arginine, 14C-aspartic acid, 14C-serine or 14C-threonine. The 14C-labelled amino acids, except 14C-arginine, were metabolized to lactic, formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids. In glucose-based media, 72%, 72% and 33% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, were detected in organic acids. Fermentation without glucose resulted in 48%, 50% and 71% of the radiolabel from aspartic acid, serine and threonine, respectively, being detected in organic acids. Results indicated that the early establishment of CF3™ in young chicks may result in the depletion of growth-limiting amino acids and, therefore, reduction of Salmonella colonization.
More Arrows in the Quiver: New Pathways and Old Problems with Heavy Alkaline Earth Metal Diphenylmethanides

Progress in the field of sigma-bonded alkaline earth organometallics has been handicapped by numerous complications, such as high reactivity, low solubility, and the limited availability of suitable starting materials. Here we present two synthetic methods, hydrocarbon elimination and desilylation, as alternative routes into this chemistry. A novel barium diphenylmethanide was prepared using these routes delineating that both methods provide a powerful, versatile synthetic access route to an extended library of organometallic alkaline earth derivatives.
The reliability and validy of three measures of assertion in a drug addict population

An assertion scale constructed for use with drug addicts was subsequently validated using behavioral performance and self-report measures in a multitrait-multimethod matrix ( Campbell & Fiske, 1959 ). The general notion of “assertion” was broken down into five subareas involving: authority, drugs, positive feedback, negative feedback, and heterosexual interaction. An age-matched group of addicts and nonaddicts differed significantly in assertiveness in the areas of drugs, authority, and positive feedback.
A synthetic entry into the 2- and 3-substituted-methyl 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine series

Nmr spectroscopy has been used to demonstrate that the reported preparation of supposed 3-bromomethyl-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine (3) is in error, the product of the reaction being in reality a monocyclic compound, 4. An alternative entry to the 3-substituted series is described in the synthesis of the 3-hydroxymethyl derivative, 10, the structure of which was established by nmr and mass spectroscopy. The previous assignment of structure to 2-carbethoxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzoxazine, prepared by an ambiguous route, and to compounds derived from this ester, is shown to be correct.
Constituents of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium in leaves, regenerated plantlets and callus.

Abstract Callus, aseptic plantlets and leaves of three-year-old, greenhouse grown Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium were investigated for pyrethrins and the monoterpenes known to be precursors to them. The callus produced chrysanthemyl alcohol, chrysanthemic acid and chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid but did not contain detectable amounts of pyrethrins. Leaves from aseptic plantlets and three-year-old plants produced geraniol, chrysanthemyl alcohol, chrysanthemic acid, chrysanthemum dicarboxylic acid and all six pyrethrins.
Supramedullary afferents of the nucleus raphe magnus in the rat: A study using the transcannula HRP gel and autoradiographic techniques

Afferents of the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) were retrogradely labelled by using a transcannula HRP gel technique in conjunction with tetramethylbenzidine neurohistochemistry to determine the sources of inputs to the nucleus which could potentially influence the descending antiociceptive raphe-spinal system. Large numbers of HRP-labelled neurons were seen in the frontal cortex, dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, zona incerta, nucleus parafascicularis prerubralis (NPfPr), pretectum, dorsal and lateral periaqueductal gray, nucleus cuneiformis (NC), deep superior colliculus (dSC), a paraoculomotor cell group which may be the medial accessory nucleus of Bechterew, dorsal column nuclei, and spinal trigeminal nucleus. Smaller numbers of labelled cells were also observed in the preoptic area, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, ventral peri(third)ventricular gray, nucleus reticularis pontis oralis and caudalis, medial and lateral vestibular nuclei, and a subdivision of the hypoglossal nucleus. Confirmational anterograde autoradiographic studies were performed by injecting tritiated leucine into two of the principal sources of afferents to NRM: NPfPr, and dSC/NC. The results are compared with control HRP gel implants in the inferior olive, spinal cord, nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis, and medial facial nucleus. Comments are also made concerning the parcellation of the ventromedial medulla and the possible role of both NRM and its afferents in central analgesic mechanisms.
Collaborating with Course Pages: Strategies for Curriculum-based Development and Assessment

Collaboration represents both a challenge and an opportunity for librarians working to develop a collection to support a university curriculum. Whether articulated in terms of communication between librarians, students, and teaching faculty, or in terms of planning efforts between collection managers in overlapping subject areas, collaboration in development is often greatly enhanced by the use of select assessment tools and technologies, and by a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. In this presentation, two American University librarians discuss the use of LibGuides and other systems as valuable tools for collaborative collection assessment and development, specifically in terms of making visible hidden and evolving interests on the part of students and teaching
Identification and characterization of prolylcarboxypeptidase as an endothelial cell prekallikrein activator.

Abstract Our recent investigations have postulated a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC)-associated prekallikrein activator (PKA). When prekallikrein (PK) assembles on high molecular weight kininogen on HUVEC, PK is activated to kallikrein. PKA was found in the 15,800 × g pellet of HUVEC lysates using an assay that measures PK activation only when bound to high molecular weight kininogen linked to microtiter plates. Sequential DEAE, wheat germ lectin affinity, and hydroxyapatite chromatography resulted in four protein bands on SDS-PAGE. One protein in the 73-kDa band was identified by amino acid sequencing as prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP). On gel filtration, PKA activity was a single homogenous peak identical in migration to the 73-kDa immunoblot of PRCP. Anti-PRCP inhibits PKA activity and PK activation on HUVEC. Purified PKA was blocked by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (1 mm), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (3 mm), leupeptin (100 μm), antipain (IC50 = 2 μm), HgCl2 (IC50 = 500 μm), Z-Pro-Pro-aldehyde-dimethyl acetate (IC50 = 1 μm), and corn trypsin inhibitor (IC50 = 40 nm). PKA did not correct the coagulant defect in factor XII deficient plasma, was purified from HUVEC cultured in factor XII-deficient serum, was not detected by antibody to factor XII, did not activate FXI, and was not inhibited by a neutralizing antibody to FXII. Angiotensin II (IC50 = 2 μm) or bradykinin (IC50 = 100 μm), but not angiotensin II-(1–7) or bradykinin1–5, and the prolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor Fmoc-Ala-Pyr-CN (IC50 = 50 nm) also blocked purified PKA activation of PK. The K m of PK activation by PRCP is 6.7 nm. PRCP antigen is present on the membrane of fixed but not permeabilized HUVEC. PRCP appears to be a HUVEC-associated PK activator.
The imperialist lens: Du Camp, Salzmann and early French photography

During the 1850s, the French government sponsored photographic missions to the Orient, the goal being to visually record and catalogue the monuments of Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. The missions, however, also had a commercial side, as many of the photographers published their photographs as photographic albums, the Orient circulating as an academic tool and a consumable good. Maxime Du Camp (1822–1894) and Auguste Salzmann (1824–1872) led the charge; their albums are exemplary in their documentation of Egypt and Jerusalem and its subsequent commercialization via the first industrial photographic printing house in France. Yet Du Camp’s and Salzmann’s albums equally set the stage for photography’s role as an instrument of French imperialism. Indeed, the albums’ academic and commercial designs serve to reproduce and circulate the monuments of the Orient for French study and scrutiny. What is more, photography – initially defined as an objective, mechanical mode of reproduction – carries the cachet of...
Performance of supercritical carbon dioxide sprays as coolants and lubricants in representative metalworking operations

Abstract This paper investigates the cooling and lubrication properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) sprays as potential substitutes for aqueous emulsions and straight oils used in the metalworking industry today. Sprays of rapidly expanding scCO 2 act to cool and lubricate machining and forming processes by delivering a mixture of dry ice and lubricant deep into the cutting/forming zone. In this work, experiments with turning, milling, drilling, thread cutting, and thread forming were performed with scCO 2 and other metalworking fluids (MWFs) to evaluate their relative performance with respect to tool wear and machining torque. Observations reveal that scCO 2 –MWFs are more effective in removing heat from the tool-workpiece interface than conventionally delivered (flood) aqueous MWFs as well as other gas-based MWF sprays. In addition, scCO 2 –MWFs delivered in lubricant-expanded phase, where scCO 2 is used to increase volume of lubricant in the spray field, are shown to provide better lubricity than straight oils and oil-in-air minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) sprays. As a result, scCO 2 –MWFs can reduce tool wear and improve machining productivity in a wide range of manufacturing operations leading to appreciable improvements in the economics of manufacturing. Also given that CO 2 is a recovered waste gas that is non-toxic, scCO 2 –MWFs can improve the environmental and worker health performance of manufacturing operations.
What is going on inside

when I received the invitation last year to speak here today, I was immensely honored. But when I was asked soon afterwards for the title of my talk, I was really at a loss because I hadn’t even figured out what I wanted to say, let alone what it would be called. For a little while I thought I should talk about why I love groups even though most of my traditional psychoanalytic colleagues prefer dyads. But like all of you, I know what they do not know--that groups reach people in ways that dyads often don’t, that groups can help make people better faster, and that one way or another, alone or combined with individual therapy, groups enrich treatment. And I also know that groups are ideally suited venues for learning about how people operate at their worst and their best and how they can join together to help themselves and one another do a better job of this business of living. But all of this would be preaching to the choir, and I wanted to do something more. I first thought I might jokingly offer my title as “TBA,” but later I realized that “to be announced” suggests something that is unknown at the start, something to be revealed in the future. And then I knew that this was exactly what I wanted to talk about today, that knowledge about ourselves and others is both more limited and more difficult to acquire than we would wish and, further, that what we assume or think we know at the
The number of primary auditory afferents in the rat

Abstract Published estimates of the number of primary auditory afferents in the rat differ by as much as 30%. We undertook to determine if the widely varying estimates were related to methodological differences, especially the difference between counting cells in Rosenthal's canal and fibers in the cochlear nerve. Type I ganglion cells and myelinated cochlear nerve fibers in the same ears were counted in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley strains. Type II spiral ganglion cells were also counted. In each strain the numbers of myelinated fibers and type I ganglion cells were essentially the same. Means for the Long-Evans were 18,036 fibers and 17,749 cells. Means for Sprague-Dawleys were higher: 19,444 fibers and 19,229 cells. The mean number of type II ganglion cells was also greater in Sprague-Dawley than in Long-Evans rats: 1,388 and 1,170, respectively. Cell and fiber counts from the two ears of the same animal differed on average by only 1%. The number of auditory afferents did not change with age over the range (2–10 months) studied here. Several methodological differences have probably contributed to the varying estimates of type I primary auditory afferents, but the discrepancies are not inherent in counts of fibers and spiral ganglion cells.
A self-organized file cabinet

The self-organizing file cabinet is an information retrieval system associated with a user's physical file cabinet. It enhances a physical file cabinet with electronic information about the papers in it. It can remember, organize, update, and help the user find documents contained in the physical file cabinet. The system consists of a module for extracting electronic information about the papers stored in the file cabinet, a module for representing and storing this information in multiple views, and a module that allows a user to interact with this information. The focus of this paper is on the design and evaluation of the self-organized file cabinet.
The burden of leadership: Exploring the principal?s role in teacher collaboration

Based on qualitative data collected over a 6-month period, this article examines how teachers’ experiences of principal leadership practice influence their capacity to engage in meaningful collegial interactions during structured collaboration. Similar to previous studies, our findings confirm the limitations of leadership that relies primarily on structural changes to foster collaboration. Our findings contribute further to leadership research by presenting teachers’ perspectives on why particular principal leadership practices matter to teacher collaboration and by illustrating how the principal’s enactment of leadership practices influences teachers’ sense of efficacy and motivation, both of which are critical to professional learning during collaboration.
Practical Application of a Geometrically Nonlinear Stress-Curvature Relation

A recently developed geometrically nonlinear stress-curvature relation based on a minimization of the total strain energy, which predicts a bifurcation in shape as the magnitude of intrinsic film stress increases, is discussed in this paper. It is compared with the linear theories of Stoney and Brenner & Senderoff for a thin molybdenum film on silicon substrates with various thicknesses. Although the ratio of film to substrate elastic modulus is only 2, Stoney’s equation generates significant error for this film/substrate system and the Brenner & Senderoff relation should be used for calculating initial film stress when plate deflections are small. When deflections exceed approximately half the substrate thickness the Brenner & Senderoff equation produces over 10% error and consequently, the nonlinear stress-deflection relation should be used to relate plate curvatures to initial film stress.
Evidence for amino acid concentration gradients between CSF and extracellular fluid

A small volume in the extracellular space of the medulla in the anesthetized cat was perfused with cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using a push-pull technique. The recovered perfusate was a mixture of pushed CSF and the extracellular fluid. HPLC-EC analysis showed that the concentration of some primary amino acids in recovered perfusate often differed from their concentrations in CSF. These results suggested that amino acid gradients existed between CSF and the extracellular space.
Treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda with phlebotomy in a patient on peritoneal dialysis

Abstract Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is frequently described among patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. One patient who was receiving peritoneal dialysis and had PCT develop has been described in the literature. However, it was later determined that the patient's PCT was related to the hepatotoxic drug she was receiving rather than her peritoneal dialysis. Our patient is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of a patient with end-stage renal disease with negative hepatitis serology who was not receiving a hepatotoxic drug, or on hemodialysis, who had PCT develop while receiving peritoneal dialysis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2001;44:336-8.)
Analytic database technologies for a new kind of user: the data enthusiast

Analytics enables businesses to increase the efficiency of their activities and ultimately increase their profitability. As a result, it is one of the fastest growing segments of the database industry. There are two usages of the word analytics. The first refers to a set of algorithms and technologies, inspired by data mining, computational statistics, and machine learning, for supporting statistical inference and prediction. The second is equally important: analytical thinking. Analytical thinking is a structured approach to reasoning and decision making based on facts and data.Most of the recent work in the database community has focused on the first, the algorithmic and systems problems. The people behind these advances comprise a new generation of data scientists who have either the mathematical skills to develop advanced statistical models, or the computer skills to develop or implement scalable systems for processing large, complex datasets. The second aspect of analytics -- supporting the analytical thinker -- although equally important and challenging, has received much less attention.In this talk, I will describe recent advances in in making both forms of analytics accessible to a broader range of people, who I call data enthusiasts. A data enthusiast is an educated person who believes that data can be used to answer a question or solve a problem. These people are not mathematicians or programmers, and only know a bit of statistics. I'll review recent work on building easy-to-use, yet powerful, visual interfaces for working with data; and the analytical database technology needed to support these interfaces.
Reconceptualizing decisional balance in an adolescent sun protection intervention: mediating effects and theoretical interpretations.

The Transtheoretical model (TTM) integrates principles of operant learning, such as stimulus control and reinforcement, and psychological factors, such as decisional balance. Understanding interrelationships between decisions, behavior, and consequences from multiple theoretical perspectives can advance theory and inform development of more effective interventions. This analysis examined the mediating effects of a special case of the decisional balance construct where the pros of competing behaviors (i.e. sun protection vs. exposure) were measured rather than the pros and cons of the same behavior. Participants included 819 adolescents (10-16 yrs old, 53.5% girls, 58.4% Caucasian) randomized to a 24-month expert system intervention (Sunsmart) or a physical activity and nutrition comparison group. Self-report measures included sun protection behaviors, pros for protection, and pros for exposure. Mediation analysis using latent growth curve models found both the treatment-to-mediator and mediator-to-behavior paths significant for decisional balance, producing an indirect effect of .323 (p < .01) and good model fit (CFI=.973, RMSEA=.055). Multiple strategies for conceptualizing and measuring decisional balance appear to be valid. Results are interpreted from the TTM and operant perspectives.
Hot isostatic pressing of fluoride glasses

Abstract Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has been used in numerous material systems for the elimination of micro-porosity. This process has been developed for the removal of bubbles which result when casting fluoride glasses. Optimization of HIP parameters of times, temperatures, and pressures has been achieved without inducing crystallization or altering the geometry of the fluoride glass casting. Improvements in fluoride fiber strength and lower losses can result from HIP fluoride glass preforms prior to fiber drawing.
MULTIPURPOSE OPERATION STUDIES OF A CANAL-LAKE-RIVER SYSTEM-OSWEGO RIVER SYSTEM, NEW YORK

Use of systems analysis techniques for setting up flow regulation rules for the Oswego River System, a canal-river system with eight lakes, was examined. Two sets of lake regulation rules were proposed: the rule curve for each lake, and the lake-use priority curves for all the lakes. The former specifies balanced allocation of the storage in lakes to conservation pools and flood control pools and, the latter determines lakes releases depending upon the type of operation, the time of the year, and systems objectives. A generalized mathematical representation of the complex, multipurpose, multilake river systems operation is described. With appropriate measures of effectiveness and details of analysis, the problem was then solved with simulation and optimization. Use of the results in assisting basin plan formulation is also discussed.
On the mechanism of metal activation of deoxyribonuclease I

Abstract 1. 1. The activation of deoxyribonucleasc I (DNase I) by Mg ++ , Mn ++ , and Ca ++ has been studied at 27 °C., at an ionic strength of 0.15, and at a pH of 7.5 - 7.2. Alone, the metals rank us activators in the order Mn ++ > Mg ++ ⪢ Ca ++ . 2. 2. Activity in the presence of Mg ++ or Mn ++ has been shown to require the formation of a “metallosubstrate.” 3. 3. In a study of activation by pairs of these metals, Ca ++ was found to be a potent Synergist in the Mg-activated reaction, increasing the maximum rate more than threefold, to give a rate comparable to that given by Mn ++ alone. Several possible explanations are suggested. 4. 4. A rapid method is described for standardizing solutions of a large number of bivalent metal salts. 5. 5. Several pitfalls in DNase I assay methods are discussed and modifications suggested. 6. 6. The inhibition of DNase I by citrate has been studied and is to be deprecated; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid is suggested to replace citrate. 7. 7. The dissociation constant of Mn citrate was determined to be 1.90 ± 0.13 × 10 −4 , using an ion-exchange radioisotope method.
Nonlinear preconditioned conjugate gradient and least-squares finite elements

Abstract A least-squares variational formulation for first-order systems is extended to a class of nonlinear problems. A finite element analysis and associated preconditioners for iterative solution are developed. The preconditioned system is not sensitive to problem (mesh) size as is demonstrated in numerical comparison studies.
Pigment Changes in Parsley Leaves during Storage in Controlled or Ethylene Containing Atmosphere

Pigments were monitored in parsley leaves stored in air, air+10 ppm C 2 H 4 , or 10% O 2 +10% CO 2 controlled atmosphere (CA). Chlorophylls a and b, as determined with HPLC, decreased sharply in leaves held in air or air+10 ppm C 2 H 4 . The decrease was less in leaves held in 10% O 2 and 10% CO 2 CA. The oxidized product of chlorophyll a, 10-hydroxychlorophyll a, did not accumulate and chlorophyllide accumulated minimally. Xanthophylls decreased but new pigments, suspected to be esterified xanthophylls, formed with yellowing of leaves. Neither the pathway of Chl degradation or xanthophyll products were altered by C 2 H 4 or CA
The American archives of the factual film

(1990). The American archives of the factual film. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 71-80.
TOWARD A THEORY OF CONJUNCTIVE VARIABLES

We call variable conjunctive if it can assume multiple values. This multiplicity of solutions makes a set theoretic framework an appropriate one for representing solutions to such a variable. We develop such a framework and provide a mechanism for reasoning with such variables. The concepts of assurety and rebuff play a central role in this theory. The reasoning mechanism developed is seen as an extension of the theory of approximate reasoning.
The preparation of amorphous RuS2 at ambient temperature

Abstract Amorphous RuS 2 was prepared by the reaction of anhydrous RuCl 3 and NH 4 HS in 2-methoxyethyl ether at room temperature. After filteration and extraction with methanol, the product was treated in a stream of H 2 S at 250°C. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were carried out before and after annealing experiments in which the amorphous RuS 2 crystallized as a pyrite phase (temperatures greater than 350°C). In all cases, the data showed the presence of low spin state d 6 Ru in the crystallized pyrite phase.
On some consequences of playability in differential games

Two-person zero-sum games are considered in which both players desire termination on a prescribed target set. Some consequences of this "playability" requirement are discussed, in particular, in relation to properties of classical games.
APPARENT LATERALIZED BEHAVIOR IN GRAY WHALES FEEDING OFF THE CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA COAST

A digital acoustic recording tag was used to examine the 3-D orientation of gray whales feeding along the central British Columbia coast. A total of 96 feeding dives were recorded from six different whales. More than half (53.1%) of the whales' bottom time was spent rolled at an angle greater than 45°. Whales rolled an average of 2.9 times per feeding dive, and rolling behavior was often accompanied by a negative pitch angle. Out of 282 recorded rolls, 274 (97.2%) were to the right. Likewise, 98.5% of the total time spent rolled at an angle greater than 45° was spent rolled to the right. The gray whales in this study showed a significant right-side bias on both an individual (P ≤ 0.009) and group level (P < 0.001). Based on the findings of this study and previous reports of uneven baleen wear (Kasuya and Rice 1970), it is proposed that gray whales exhibit a population-wide right-side rolling bias similar in character to the 90/10 split of right handedness in humans.
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM EFFECTS ON GRAIN SORGHUM PRODUCTION AND STALK ROT FOLLOWING ALFALFA AND BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)], grown on the often infertile claypan soils of the eastern Great Plains, requires attention to soil fertility. Experimental objectives were to determine the effects of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertility levels, N application, and legume residual on grain sorghum production and stalk rot. Following alfalfa and birdsfoot trefoil, first-year sorghum yield was 7 Mg ha−1 and not affected by N fertilizer. In subsequent years, yield increases due to N were less than 20%. Sorghum yield increased at low P and K rates, especially with nitrogen (N) fertilization and was greater following birdsfoot trefoil than following alfalfa. In 1995 when fertilized with N, lodging and stalk rot severity were increased by P and reduced by K. In 1996, stalk rot severity was reduced by K fertilization. Grain sorghum, grown after legume crops, required minimal levels of P and K, especially when N fertilizer was added.
Simulating the design and analysis of quality control systems in manufacturing

Abstract A manufacturing system can be conceived as a configuration consisting of inputs (incoming components or raw material) and basic transformation elements such as inspection, manufacturing and assembly. A manufacturing system simulator with modules for the simulation of the inputs and the basic transformation elements of the interrelated manufacturing and quality system is developed. Using this simulator and a design procedure, the manufacturing system is simulated to provide the “best” solution in terms of the incoming quality and the cost of inputs, quality levels and cost of manufacturing and assembly processes, and the inspection plans for the inspection stations of the manufacturing system. The best simulated solution is the solution that provides the most economical cost of producing the products of the interrelated manufacturing and quality system for desired outgoing quality of the products.
Preliminary electrical-resistivity measurements of the nickel-palladium alloy system

Abstract Electrical resistivity measurements have been made on a series of nickel-palladium alloys. The resistivity reaches a maximum at approximately 70 atomic per cent palladium at 4.2°K, 77°K, and 300°K. The shift of the maximum from the 50-50 composition appears to be due to an s - d scattering component which increases with palladium content and persists down to liquid-helium temperatures.
Unit activity of amygdala and hippocampal neurons: Effects of morphine and benzodiazepines

Abstract The effects of morphine sulfate and two benzodiazepine derivatives, chlordiazepoxide HCl and diazepam, were evaluated upon single unit activity of the amygdaloid nuclear complex and hippocampal formation in immobilized cats. All surgical procedures were performed under halothane anesthesia and all wound margins were infiltrated with Lidocaine after halothane withdrawal. Single unit activity was recorded extracellularly with platinum-iridium microelectrodes. Chlordiazepoxide HCl, 10.0–20.0 mg/kg i.v., or diazepam, 0.05–0.20 mg/kg i.v., suppressed spontaneous firing rates of the amygdala and the hippocampal neurons. In contrast, the spontaneous firing rates of neurons in these limbic structures were augmented by morphine sulfate, 0.50–2.00 mg/kg i.v. The morphine-induced augmentation of hippocampal neuronal activity was effectively antagonized by naloxone, 0.10–0.20 mg/kg i.v. However, naloxone, 0.20–0.40 mg/kg i.v., only partially suppressed the morphine induced augmentation of amygdala neuronal activity. In a dose-dependent fashion, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam administration prevented or antagonized morphine-induced augmentation of amygdala and hippocampal neuronal activity. Our results suggest that, in the cat, the amygdala and hippocampus may play an important role for morphine-induced behavioral responses. Moreover, our data imply that these two limbic structures may be the sites of tranquillizing actions of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide.
Application of Design for Six Sigma in Third Party Intensive Programs

Many companies use third parties to develop critical pieces of their products. This has created strong program-level dependencies with third parties wherein the success of the overall program depends highly on how successfully an organization manages these third parties. In order to ensure that the organization can meet or exceed customer expectations, these third party deliverables have to be aligned with overall project schedule and quality expectations. To do so, application of design for six sigma (DFSS) in the third party programs is crucial. Herein we present a snapshot of the application of DFSS in third party intensive programs. By third party intensive, we mean that a significant component of the program involves multiple third parties.
Ferguson Principle and the Critical Micelle Concentration

The thermodynamic activity values of a series of quaternary ammonium salts were calculated through the use of critical micelle concentrations. The correlation of these thermodynamic activities to the published values of their bactericidal activities is shown through application of the Ferguson principle. The value of the Ferguson principle in helping to point out the possible presence of different mechanisms of activity within a series of similar compounds has been suggested.
Surface normal reconstruction using circularly polarized light.

The polarization properties of reflected light capture important information about the object’s inherent properties: material composition, i.e. index of refraction and scattering properties, and shape of the object, i.e. surface normal. Polarization information therefore has been used for surface reconstruction using a single-view camera with unpolarized incident light. However, this surface normal reconstruction technique suffers from a zenith angle ambiguity. In this paper, we have utilized circularly polarized light to solve for the zenith ambiguity by developing a detailed model using Mueller matrix formulism and division of focal plane polarization imaging technology. Experiment results validate our model for accurate surface reconstruction.
Ten-Year Review of Major Birth Defects in VLBW Infants

OBJECTIVE: Birth defects (BDs) are an important cause of infant mortality and disproportionately occur among low birth weight infants. We determined the prevalence of BDs in a cohort of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants cared for at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network (NRN) centers over a 10-year period and examined the relationship between anomalies, neonatal outcomes, and surgical care. METHODS: Infant and maternal data were collected prospectively for infants weighing 401 to 1500 g at NRN sites between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2007. Poisson regression models were used to compare risk of outcomes for infants with versus without BDs while adjusting for gestational age and other characteristics. RESULTS: A BD was present in 1776 (4.8%) of the 37 262 infants in our VLBW cohort. Yearly prevalence of BDs increased from 4.0% of infants born in 1998 to 5.6% in 2007, P P 3 days, more infants with BDs underwent major surgery (48% vs 13%, P CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of BDs increased during the 10 years studied. BDs remain an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality among VLBW infants.