cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancement by light of the in vitro protein synthetic activity of cytoplasmic ribosomes isolated from dark-grown maize seedlings.

Abstract The enhancement by light of the protein synthetic activity of maize leaf ribosomes was studied. The optimal Mg 2+ concentration for phenylalanine incorporation by light-ribosomes was 15 mM compared to 20 mM for dark-ribosomes. Ribosomes isolated from leaves after 3-h exposure to light were approximately twice as active as dark-ribosomes in poly(U)-directed phenylalanine incorporation at low Mg 2+ levels (10 to 15 mM), but at higher Mg 2+ levels (20 to 25 mM) this difference was not as evident. The results of puromycin release and nitrogen dissociation experiments indicated that increased levels of peptidyl-tRNA associated with light-ribosomes was at least partially responsible for the differences in activity and Mg 2+ optima of light- and dark-ribosomes. Puromycin or nitrogen treatments greatly reduced ribosome activity, especially at low Mg 2+ levels. However, the light response was not completely abolished by either of these treatments. In addition, each of these treatments increased the Mg 2+ optimum for light-ribosomes to the level optimal for dark-ribosomes. Salt-washing experiments suggested that differences in specific ribosome-associated proteins in light- and dark-ribosomes may also relate to the light enhancement effect. While salt washing did not abolish the light enhancement it did increase the level of Mg 2+ required by light-ribosomes for optimal activity to the level required by dark-ribosomes. A combination of puromycin or nitrogen treatments plus salt washing abolished the total light enhancement of protein synthesis. Thus the light enhancement of ribosome activity appears to relate to an increase both in the level of peptidyl-tRNA on ribosomes and some ribosome factor(s) which is easily dissociable by salt.
Selecting tolerances in chance-constrained programming: A multiple objective linear programming approach

An importance issue concerning the practical application of chance-constrained programming is the lack of a rational method for choosing risk levels or tolerances on the chance constraints. While there has also been much recent debate on the relationship, equivalence, usefulness, and other characteristics of chance-constrained programming relative to stochastic programming with recourse, this paper focuses on the problem of improving the selection of tolerances within the chance-constrained framework. An approach is presented, based on multiple objective linear programming, which allows the decision maker to be more involved in the tolerance selection process, but does not demand a priori decisions on appropriate tolerances. An example is presented which illustrates the approach.
Quand la psychanalyse entre dans la traduction

L’etre humain est produit par le langage davantage qu’il ne le produit. Lorsque ce constat psychanalytique est pose sur le terrain de la traductologie, celle-ci est amenee a envisager des sujets habituellement consideres comme etant hors de son champ de competence, tels que les lapsus. Dans le sillage des travaux de Francois Peraldi, nous montrons les affinites epistemologiques et conceptuelles de la psychanalyse et de la traduction et, plus encore, la necessite pour la traduction d’incorporer certains vecteurs de reflexion psychanalytiques. Dans cette visee, nous relancons l’injonction que Peraldi a faite aux traducteurs et qui rejoint la poetique du traduire d’Henri Meschonnic : se mettre a l’ecoute du corps de la parole et de la parole du corps dans le langage. Cette ecoute doit passer par une sensibilisation du corps traduisant, par l’eveil de sa fonction erotique, qui se trouve a l’etat latent.
How well does Invisalign work? A prospective clinical study evaluating the efficacy of tooth movement with Invisalign.

Introduction The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the efficacy of tooth movement with removable polyurethane aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif). Methods The study sample included 37 patients treated with Anterior Invisalign. Four hundred one anterior teeth (198 maxillary and 203 mandibular) were measured on the virtual Treat models. The virtual model of the predicted tooth position was superimposed over the virtual model of the achieved tooth position, created from the posttreatment impression, and the 2 models were superimposed over their stationary posterior teeth by using ToothMeasure, Invisalign's proprietary superimposition software. The amount of tooth movement predicted was compared with the amount achieved after treatment. The types of movements studied were expansion, constriction, intrusion, extrusion, mesiodistal tip, labiolingual tip, and rotation. Results The mean accuracy of tooth movement with Invisalign was 41%. The most accurate movement was lingual constriction (47.1%), and the least accurate movement was extrusion (29.6%)— specifically, extrusion of the maxillary (18.3%) and mandibular (24.5%) central incisors, followed by mesiodistal tipping of the mandibular canines (26.9%). The accuracy of canine rotation was significantly lower than that of all other teeth, with the exception of the maxillary lateral incisors. At rotational movements greater than 15°, the accuracy of rotation for the maxillary canines fell significantly. Lingual crown tip was significantly more accurate than labial crown tip, particularly for the maxillary incisors. There was no statistical difference in accuracy between maxillary and mandibular teeth of the same tooth type for any movements studied. Conclusions We still have much to learn regarding the biomechanics and efficacy of the Invisalign system. A better understanding of Invisalign's ability to move teeth might help the clinician select suitable patients for treatment, guide the proper sequencing of movement, and reduce the need for case refinement.
Kinetic Energy Distributions from the Shapes of Metastable Peaks

A general procedure is presented for determining the distribution of translational energies released in unimolecular ionic reactions occurring in the analyser of a mass spectrometer. It is shown that the method is applicable to reactions in which the average kinetic energy release covers a wide range (< 1 meV to $ca$. 3 eV). The treatment avoids making approximations either in the calculation of metastable peak shapes or in the subsequent determination of the translational energy distribution. Excellent agreement is achieved between experimental and calculated metastable peak shapes and the kinetic energy distributions represent the first accurate values obtained by a generally applicable technique. The relation between the average kinetic energy released and the width at half height of the corresponding metastable peak has been explored for peaks of various shapes. For gaussian-type peaks the kinetic energy release calculated from the half height is smaller by a factor of two to three than the average value, while for dish topped peaks it approximately equals the average value.
Specific detection of shedding and latency of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 using a nested polymerase chain reaction

A sensitive method for simultaneously detecting and discriminating between bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5 (BHV-1 and BHV-5) was developed using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Following amplification using type-common primers derived from gC sequences, amplification using type-specific nesting primers produced different-sized bands specific to the corresponding types, as demonstrated by blot hybridization. Less than 0.1 plaque-forming units (PFU) of each virus and 75 fg or less of viral DNA were routinely detected. The PCR technique amplified correct product from 4 BHV-5 isolates and from 48 BHV-1 isolates, all from the United States, and did not amplify heterologous herpesviruses. The PCR technique was more sensitive than virus isolation in detection of BHV-1 or BHV-5 in nasal secretions from experimentally and naturally infected calves, and it detected BHV-1 or BHV-5 in trigeminal ganglia from these calves.
Hyperfine interaction induced decoherence of electron spins in quantum dots

We investigate in detail, using both analytical and numerical tools, the decoherence of electron spins in quantum dots (QDs) coupled to a bath of nuclear spins in magnetic fields or with various initial bath polarizations, focusing on the longitudinal relaxation in low and moderate field and polarization regimes. An increase of the initial polarization of nuclear-spin bath has the same effect on the decoherence process as an increase of the external magnetic field, namely, the decoherence dynamics changes from smooth decay to damped oscillations. This change can be observed experimentally for a single QD and for a double-QD setup. Our results indicate that substantial increase of the decoherence time requires very large bath polarizations, and the use of other methods (dynamical decoupling or control of the nuclear spins distribution) may be more practical for suppressing decoherence of QD-based qubits.
Outcomes of Noninvasive Ventilation for Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the United States, 1998–2008

Rationale: The patterns and outcomes of noninvasive, positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) use in patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) nationwide are unknown. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and trends of noninvasive ventilation for acute COPD. Methods: We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample to assess the pattern and outcomes of NIPPV use for acute exacerbations of COPD from 1998 to 2008. Measurements and Main Results: An estimated 7,511,267 admissions for acute exacerbations occurred from 1998 to 2008. There was a 462% increase in NIPPV use (from 1.0 to 4.5% of all admissions) and a 42% decline in invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) use (from 6.0 to 3.5% of all admissions) during these years. This was accompanied by an increase in the size of a small cohort of patients requiring transition from NIPPV to IMV. In-hospital mortality in this group appeared to be worsening over time. By 2008, these patients had a high mortality rate (29.3%), which represented 61% higher odds of death compared with patients directly placed on IMV (95% confidence interval, 24–109%) and 677% greater odds of death compared with patients treated with NIPPV alone (95% confidence interval, 475–948%). With the exception of patients transitioned from NIPPV to IMV, in-hospital outcomes were favorable and improved steadily year by year. Conclusions: The use of NIPPV has increased significantly over time among patients hospitalized for acute exacerbations of COPD, whereas the need for intubation and in-hospital mortality has declined. However, the rising mortality rate in a small but expanding group of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation after treatment with noninvasive ventilation needs further investigation.
Endemic Mycoses: Blastomycosis, Histoplasmosis, and Sporotrichosis

The endemic mycoses are diverse group of fungi that share several characteristics. They are able to cause disease in healthy hosts, they each occupy a specific ecologic niche in the environment, and they exhibit temperature dimorphism, existing as molds in the environment at temperature of 25 degrees C to 30 degrees C, and as yeasts, or spherules in the case of coccidioidomycosis, at body temperatures. This article discusses histoplasmosis and blastomycosis. Sporotrichosis, which differs in that it is usually a localized lymphocutaneous infection, is included because it shares the characteristics of endemic mycoses.
Cavity length detuning characteristics of the synchronously mode-locked CW dye laser

We present both theoretical and experimental details on the effects of cavity length deturning of the synchronously mode-locked CW dye laser. The theory predicts an increase in cavity length sensitivity with intracavity bandwidth, and an asymmetric variation in the pulsewidth and pulse power with length detuning from the "matched" position. The predictions are shown to be in close agreement with the results of our experiments on the Rhodamine 6G dye laser.
Dynamic modeling and control design for bi-directional DC-DC converter for fuel cell vehicles with battery as energy storage element

This paper presents an equivalent circuit based small signal model for a bi-directional dual half bridge (DHB) DC/DC converter. This converter is applied in a fuel cell vehicle that uses battery as an energy storage element to provide desired management of the power flows. The developed dynamic model is not only a deeper understanding of the physical insight of DHB topology, but guidance for the regulator design of DHB converter. Circuit measurements are provided to verify the accuracy of the small signal model. The current programmed control effectively removes two poles from the loop gain, which significantly simplifies the design of the feedback network. Finally, a power management control method is proposed to realize cold start and load leveling for fuel cell vehicle propulsion system.
Second Moment Linear Dimensionality as an Alternative to Virtual Dimensionality

In an effort to assess the effective linear dimensionality of hyperspectral images, a notion of virtual dimensionality (VD) has been developed, and it is being used in many papers including those published in the IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. The ever-spreading use of VD warrants its thorough investigation. In this paper, we investigate the properties of VD, and we show that VD does not have a desirable property of being invariant to translations and rotations. We show specific examples when VD gives entirely misleading results. We also propose a new method (called second moment linear dimensionality), which is a natural alternative to VD because it is based on the positive aspects of VD without suffering from its pitfalls. We implement this new methodology to calculate the dimensionalities of an artificial data set and two images-AVIRIS and HyMap images.
Advanced television systems for terrestrial broadcasting: Some problems and some proposed solutions

The first part of this paper discusses the requirements that must be met by a new television broadcasting system to maximize its acceptability to the various stakeholders, including broadcasters, equipment manufacturers, program producers, regulatory authorities, and viewers. The most important performance factors are efficient use of over-the-air spectrum, coverage versus quality, cost, interoperability, and the existence of a practical transition scenario. It is concluded that all receivers need not have the same peformance, and that low-cost receivers must be available for noncritical locations in the home. If this variation in price and performance is made possible by appropriate system design, then interoperability is facilitated and nondisruptive improvement over time is made possible, as desired by the Federal Communications Commission. In the second part of the paper, techniques that may permit meeting these requirements are discussed. These include joint multiresolution source and channel coding, multicarrier modulation, and hybrid analog/digital coding and transmission. The analog transform coefficients are subjected to spread-spectrum processing, and coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplex (COFDM) is applied to the complex hybrid symbols to be transmitted through the channel. Various methods of equalization and of improving noise, interference, and multipath rejection are compared. Finally, an example is given of a system that meets the various requirements by making use of a number of the techniques discussed. The system provides extended coverage, albeit at lower quality than currently proposed all-digital systems, and equal or higher quality than such systems in much of their service area. It also features self-optimization at each receiver depending on signal quality and receiver characteristics, and facilitates the design of receivers of lower cost and performance for less-critical applications. >
Aged rats are hypo-responsive to acute restraint: implications for psychosocial stress in aging

Cognitive processes associated with prefrontal cortex and hippocampus decline with age and are vulnerable to disruption by stress. The stress/ stress hormone/ allostatic load hypotheses of brain aging posit that brain aging, at least in part, is the manifestation of life-long stress exposure. In addition, as humans age, there is a profound increase in the incidence of new onset stressors, many of which are psychosocial (e.g., loss of job, death of spouse, social isolation), and aged humans are well-understood to be more vulnerable to the negative consequences of such new-onset chronic psychosocial stress events. However, the mechanistic underpinnings of this age-related shift in chronic psychosocial stress response, or the initial acute phase of that chronic response, have been less well-studied. Here, we separated young (3 mo.) and aged (21 mo.) male F344 rats into control and acute restraint (an animal model of psychosocial stress) groups (n = 9-12/ group). We then assessed hippocampus-associated behavioral, electrophysiological, and transcriptional outcomes, as well as blood glucocorticoid and sleep architecture changes. Aged rats showed characteristic water maze, deep sleep, transcriptome, and synaptic sensitivity changes compared to young. Young and aged rats showed similar levels of distress during the three hour restraint, as well as highly significant increases in blood glucocorticoid levels 21 hours after restraint. However, young, but not aged, animals responded to stress exposure with water maze deficits, loss of deep sleep and hyperthermia. These results demonstrate that aged subjects are hypo-responsive to new-onset acute psychosocial stress, which may have negative consequences for long-term stress adaptation and suggest that age itself may act as a stressor occluding the influence of new onset stressors.
The evolution of complex biomaterial performance: The case of spider silk

Synopsis Spider silk is a high-performance biomaterial with exceptional mechanical properties and over half a century of research into its mechanics, structure, and biology. Recent research demonstrates that it is a highly variable class of materials that differs across species and individuals in complex and interesting ways. Here, we review recent literature on mechanical variation and evolution in spider silk. We then present new data on material properties of silk from nine species of spiders in the Mesothelae and Mygalomorphae, the two basal clades of spiders. Silk from spiders in the Araneomorphae (true spiders where most previous research on silk has focused) is significantly stronger and therefore much tougher than the silk produced by spiders in the basal groups. These data support the hypothesis that the success and diversity seen in araneomorph spiders is associated with the evolution of this high-performance fiber. This comparative approach shows promise as a way to understand complex, high-performance biomaterials.
A qualitative exploration of the wilderness experience as a source of spiritual inspiration

Abstract On-site observations, personal field journals, and in-depth interviews were used to examine qualitative aspects of the wilderness experience as a source of spiritual inspiration. Two groups of women kept personal journal accounts of their daily `lived-experience' during one of two outdoor recreation trips; five participants went to the Boundary Waters Canoe Area Wilderness in northern Minnesota, and seven went to the Grand Canyon of northern Arizona. Journal entries were content-analysed, exploring the commonalties and idiosyncrasies found between individual accounts. Results were used to develop a general interview guide. Follow-up in-depth personal interviews were conducted within 3 weeks of the conclusion of each trip. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were content-analysed, looking for commonalties and distinctions between the data. Participants spoke of the expansiveness of the landscape and an awareness of the sheer powers of nature as contributing to a meaningful wilderness experience, which thereby acted as spiritual inspiration for most individuals. Moreover, positive interpersonal interactions combined with complete immersion in a wilderness setting seemed to influence one's proclivity to perceiving elements of the landscape as possible sources of spiritual inspiration.
Complete tripartite subgraphs in the coprime graph of integers

We denote by f(n, k) the number of positive integers m no,AC{1,2,...,n} with lAl>f(n,2) (if61n then f(n,2)= in), then the coprime graph induced by A contains a complete tripartite graph on 2 Lc,,,~~~;,,, J + 1 vertices where one of the classes is a single vertex and the other two classes each have Lc&$&--J vertices. @ 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved
Efficient Estimation of Retinal Ganglion Cell Number: a Stereological Approach

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the only output neurons of the retina, and their degeneration after damage to the optic nerve or in glaucoma is a well established system for studying apoptosis in the central nervous system. Frequently used procedures for assessing RGC number in retinal flat mounts suffer from two problems: RGC densities are not uniform across retinal flat mounts, and density measures may therefore not reflect total number, and flat mounts do not allow efficient use of tissue. To overcome these problems we developed a stereological method for efficiently assessing RGC number in cryostat sections of the retina. We empirically demonstrate that only ∼1:20 sections need be assessed to accurately estimate the total number of RGCs in the rat retina, providing ample tissue for additional studies in the same retina and saving considerably on more exhaustive sampling strategies. Using this method, we estimate that there are 86,282 ± 4759 RGCs in the normal Brown Norway rat retina. These counts match well with estimates of axon counts in optic nerve. In a pilot study of experimental glaucoma, we determined a reduction of RGCs to 53,862 ± 4272 (p < 0.05). The current technique should prove advantageous to assess neuroprotective strategies in these experimental models.
Observations on the Stabilization of Zirconia

The characteristics of magnesia-, calcia-, and ceria-stabilized zirconia are described. They were determined by two techniques: (1) the National Bureau of Standards high-temperature X-ray analysis of sintered specimens and (2) room-temperature X-ray analysis of specimens heat-treated at 1180°C. up to 100 hours. Also reported is an investigation of the ternary system Ti-Zr-O, with particular emphasis on the binary systems TiO-ZrO2 and Ti-ZrO2. Data are presented on the stability of the compound ZrTiO4 and on the inability to confirm the existence of zirconium suboxides.
Terahertz disorder-localized rotational modes and lattice vibrational modes in the orientationally-disordered and ordered phases of camphor

The temperature-dependent terahertz spectra of the partially-disordered and ordered phases of camphor (C10H16O) are measured using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. In its partially-disordered phases, a low-intensity, extremely broad resonance is found and is characterized using both a phenomenological approach and an approach based on ab initio solid-state DFT simulations. These two descriptions are consistent and stem from the same molecular origin for the broad resonance: the disorder-localized rotational correlations of the camphor molecules. In its completely ordered phase(s), multiple lattice phonon modes are measured and are found to be consistent with those predicted using solid-state DFT simulations.
The Growth of Interdisciplinary Materials Research at Suny-Buffalo

Materials Science and Materials Engineering are recognized as essential areas of growth for advancement in applications of new devices and materials. The educational program at the university level must be dynamic in nature to keep pace with advances in science and instrumentation. State University of New York at Buffalo has sponsored an interdisciplinary proposal solicitation to promote efforts in the forefront of science. Materials-related efforts are described herein which will lead to improved external funding of research, improved educational programs, more sophisticated instrumentation, high quality graduate students, and high quality faculty.
Constraints on the scalar-field potential in inflationary models.

In this paper, we quantify the degree of fine tuning required for successful inflationary scenarios. We define a "fine-tuning" parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ to be the ratio of the change in the potential $\ensuremath{\Delta}V$ to the change in the scalar field ${(\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\psi})}^{4}$; i.e., $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ measures the required degree of flatness in the potential. For a quartic polynomial potential, the quartic coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{q}$ is bounded by $|{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{q}|\ensuremath{\le}36\ensuremath{\lambda}$. For a general class of inflationary models involving a slowly rolling field, we find that the potential must be very flat, with a fine-tuning parameter $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}\ensuremath{-}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$. The recently proposed "extended" inflationary scenario is even more tightly constrained, with $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}15}$.
Approaches for studying fish production: Do river and lake researchers have different perspectives?

Biased perspectives of fisheries researchers may hinder scientific progress and effective management if limiting factors controlling productivity go unrecognized. We investigated whether river and lake researchers used different approaches when studying salmonid production and whether any differences were ecologically supported. We assessed 564 peer-reviewed papers published between 1966 and 2012 that studied salmonid production or surrogate variables (e.g., abundance, growth, biomass, population) and classified them into five major predictor variable categories: physical habitat, fertility (i.e., nutrients, bottom-up), biotic, temperature, and pollution. The review demonstrated that river researchers primarily analyzed physical habitat (65% of studies) and lake researchers primarily analyzed fertility (45%) and biotic (51%) variables. Nevertheless, understudied variables were often statistically significant predictors of production for lake and river systems and, combined with other evidence, suggests th...
Wavelet Image Restoration and Regularization Parameters Selection

For the restoration of an image based on its noisy distorted observations, we propose wavelet domain restoration by scale-dependent L1 penalized regularization method (WaveRSL1). The data adaptive choice of the regularization parameters is based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the degrees of freedom (df) is estimated by the number of nonzero elements in the solution. Experiments on some commonly used testing images illustrate that the proposed method possesses good empirical properties.
The future of oral and maxillofacial pathology.

The future of oral and maxillofacial pathology* John M. Wright, DDS, MS, Steven D. Vincent, DDS, MS, Susan Muller, DMD, MS, Kenneth D. McClatchey, DDS, MD, Steven D. Budnick, DDS, and Valerie A. Murrah, DDS, MS, Dallas, Tex; Iowa City, Iowa; Atlanta, Ga; Maywood, Ill; and Chapel Hill, NC BAYLOR COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, EMORY UNIVERSITY, LOYOLA UNIVERSITY, AND UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL
THE INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME: Definition and Dietary Approaches to Treatment

The ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal varies at least sixfold in apparently healthy individuals, and approximately one-third of the population that is most resistant to this action of insulin is at greatly increased risk to develop a number of adverse clinical outcomes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin resistant individuals are unable to secrete enough insulin to compensate for the defect in insulin action, and this was the first clinical syndrome identified as being related to insulin resistance. Although the majority of insulin-resistant individuals are able to maintain the level of compensatory hyperinsulinemia needed to prevent the development of a significant degree of hyperglycemia, the combination of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia greatly increases the likelihood of developing a cluster of closely related abnormalities and the resultant clinical diagnoses that can be considered to make up the insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). Since being overweight/obese and sedentary decreases insulin sensitivity, it is not surprising that the prevalence of the manifestations of the IRS is increasing at a rapid rate. From a dietary standpoint, there are two approaches to attenuating the manifestations of the IRS: (a) weight loss to enhance insulin sensitivity in those overweight/obese individuals who are insulin resistant/hyperinsulinemic; and (b) changes in macronutrient content of diets to avoid the adverse effects of the compensatory hyperinsulinemia. This chapter will focus on defining the abnormalities and clinical syndromes that compose the IRS and evaluating the dietary changes that can ameliorate its adverse consequences.
Stable 80-GHz short pulse generation using the cascaded polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirrors

In this work, an optical short pulse generator is designed consisting of a pulse compressor and cascaded notch filter type repetition rate doublers. The performance characteristics such as pulsewidth and peak power as a function of design parameters are studied. The pulse compressor is optimized based on the simulation results. The 6-ps-wide pulses at 20-GHz repetition rate directly generated from mode-locked fiber laser are compressed to 1.25-ps-wide pulses. Using a set of polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirrors, the repetition rate is quadrupled and stable 1.45-ps-wide pulses at 80 GHz are achieved.
The Fish Assemblages Inside and Outside of a Temperate Marine Reserve in Southern California

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a small marine reserve (established 1988) on a temperate rocky reef fish assemblage at Santa Catalina Island, California. Fish surveys on SCUBA were conducted at two reserve and two non-reserve sites from October 2002 to January 2004. Sites were similar in fish density, species richness and biomass of the entire fish assemblage. However, the adult densities of two important fishery species, California sheep-head (Semicossyphus pulcher; 7.6 ±0.5 and 5.5 ±0.4/100 m2 inside versus outside) and kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus; 3.6 ±0.4 and 2.9 ±0.4 inside versus outside), were significantly higher within the reserve. The reserve appears to be effective in increasing density and biomass of two impacted species that were readily observed and surveyed on SCUBA.
Hijacking the Public Sphere: Performance, Politics, and the Everyday Citizen at Hong Kong Times Square

Home to over seven million people, Hong Kong is a paradox that defies typical categories of post-colonial, urban, Chinese, political, and traditional. As a city that has developed quickly over the past fifty years, the changes of the city can be described through the interventions that social activist theatre and art produced during this time. Political activist artists refuse to accept the reality of the spatially challenged city and find alternative ways to perform. They create their own performance spaces for creativity, intellectual exchange, and dialogue where none existed before. The concept of space is not limited to physical concrete terms, but is also interpreted as a free-form venue in which to interact, socialize and communicate with others. One such event that encapsulates an important moment in Hong Kong history is Hijacking the Public Sphere , an event that grapples with the idea of public space while using everyday citizens as their audience and conspirators.
Characterizing the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Open Burning of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Indian Cities

Open-burning of municipal solid waste (MSW) is a major source of PM emissions in developing world cities, but few studies have characterized this phenomenon at the city and intracity (neighborhood) scale relevant to human health impacts. This paper develops a consistent field method for measuring the spatial frequency of the incidence of MSW-burning and presents results in three neighborhoods of varying socioeconomic status (SES) in Delhi, India, observed in winter and summer over 2 years. Daily MSW-burning incidents ranged from 24 to 130/km2-day during winter and 5-87/km2-day during summer, with the highest intensity in low SES neighborhoods. Distinct seasonal and diurnal patterns are observed. The daily mass of MSW-burned was also estimated at 90-1170 kg/km2-day and 13-1100 kg/km2-day in highest to low SES neighborhoods, in winter and summer, respectively. The scaled-up estimate of total MSW-burned for Delhi city ranged from 190 to 246 tons/day, about 2%-3% of total generated MSW; morning-burning contributed >65% of the total. MSW composition varied systematically across neighborhoods and season. Agra had much higher MSW-burning (39-202 incidents/km2-day; 672-3485 kg/km2-day) in the summer. The field method thus captures differences in MSW-burning across cities, neighborhoods, diurnally and seasonally, important for more fine grained air pollution modeling, and for tracking/monitoring policy effectiveness on-ground.
Emotion work: considering gender in digital labor

With the rise of digital media, the autonomist Marxist concept of immaterial labor has been widely used to describe how quotidian online interactions generate cultural and economic value (Tiziana T...
Brief paper: On the attractivity of imbedded systems

A new approach designed to aid in the construction of Liapunov functions is proposed. It is based on the notion of partial properties. A given dynamic system is imbedded into an augmented system whose attractivity with respect to a part of variables is deduced by means of an auxiliary function. This leads to an exact procedure for computation of attractivity region estimates for dynamic systems. An important feature of the method is the great reduction of conservativeness of the region estimate in the case of the overlapping decomposition of large-scale systems. When applied to a multimachine power system with non-uniform damping and transfer conductances, the method gives an enlarged estimate of the region of transient stability.
Diphtheria Immunity: Effect of Repeated Injections of Avirulent Diphtheria bacilli, B. hofmanni and B. xerosis, in Guinea-Pigs

The object of this work is to throw light on the question as to why it is that about 85% of persons acquire immunity to diphtheria as they approach maturity. Two answers to this question suggest themselves: 1. Antitoxin is produced autogenously as a physiologic function with development and with increasing years. 2. Antitoxin production is stimulated by repeated association with diphtheria bacilli. D'Herelle 1 states that "the proportion of refractory persons is increased little by little with age, so that at 25 years the susceptible person is the exception. How is this natural antitoxic immunity acquired? It is not yet known." Acquired immunity to diphtheria correlates with crowding and with association with the infection. Therefore, it is assumed on epidemiologic grounds that immunity to this, as to other infections, is favored by repeated carrier states. In other words, diphtheria bacilli may be present on the mucous membranes of the nose and throat, or even in the tissues, but be too few in numbers or lacking in virulence to produce effects reaching the threshold of clinical manifestations; nevertheless, they may produce small amounts of toxin that have the same effect in stimulating antitoxin production as repeated injections of toxin, now an accepted routine in the prevention of diphtheria. The assumption that acquired immunity is due to the carrier state is strengthened by the observation that persons living in an environment of sanitary isolation in small communities or under favorable situations in cities are likely to remain susceptible to diphtheria. It is known, however, that the carrier state with true virulent diphtheria bacilli is not as common as formerly supposed, but that an appreciable percentage of the population at large carries avirulent diphtheria bacilli. The question then arises: Can long association with these avirulent bacilli stimulate antitoxin production? The question has interest as an academic study in immunity as well as for its practical
Improving the Assessment of Overweight/Obesity in Asthmatic Pediatric Patients in a Quality Improvement Project

S A T U R D A Y 152 Improving the Assessment of Overweight/Obesity in Asthmatic Pediatric Patients in a Quality Improvement Project Anthony P. Nguyen, DO, Jennifer A. Shih, MD; Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. RATIONALE: Overweight/obesity is a known co-morbid condition with asthma. Overweight asthmatic children have increased risk of developing asthma exacerbations versus those of average weight. Objective: The aim of this quality improvement project was to facilitate the identification of overweight/obesity in asthmatic pediatric patients. METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting to an academic-based pediatric allergy clinic in Southeastern United States were included. This clinic was not electronic medical record based. Exclusion criteria included inability to obtain weight. Initially, a random chart audit of asthmatic patients for body mass index (BMI, a marker of overweight/obesity) assessment was performed. Providers and nursing staff were educated about BMI, overweight/obesity, and asthma and asked to record these assessments on checklists. Checklists were collected in 4 phases (1-2 weeks/phase) from June August 2014. Before proceeding to the next phase, modifications were implemented to facilitate the recording of BMI, overweight/obesity, and asthma. RESULTS: In the audit period, 4% of patients had their BMI assessed. In phase 1, after education of staff and implementation of checklists, BMI assessments increased to 43%. BMI assessments increased to 44% after repeat education in phase 2. BMI assessments increased to 79% after checklist modification in phase 3. By the end of the monitoring period phase 4, BMI assessments increased from 4% to 83% overall. CONCLUSIONS: Assessment of an asthmatic pediatric patient’s BMI, to identify those with the co-morbid condition of obesity, is paramount to the optimal care of this chronic disease. Incorporating this specific data in a patient’s chart increases the likelihood of addressing this important issue.
The effect of deprivation level on extinction following acquisition under random deprivation conditions

Sixteen albino rats learned to run a straight alley after 10-1/2, 22-1/2, 34-1/2, and 46-1/2 hr. of food deprivation. The order of these deprivation periods for a given animal was randomized over successive trials. After 12 acquisition trials, Ss were randomly assigned to either a 10-1/2 or 46-1/2 extinction group. Results showed no significant effect of deprivation level on performance during acquisition but did show that animals extinguished under 46-1/2 hr. took significantly more trials to extinction and tended to run faster during this period. The results were interpreted as supporting a non-specific drive effect for deprivation level on extinction performance.
Characterization of the Thermal Response of Munitions in Storage Exposed to Real and Arbitrary Weather Conditions

The objective of this investigation is to characterize the thermal response of stored munitions exposed to real weather conditions in order to validate current test procedures as well as develop the ability to provide an estimate of the thermal exposure over the lifecycle of a munition. Currently, the thermal history of munitions in storage cannot be determined without continuous monitoring of individual items and there is no method to provide a detailed estimate of the exposure by analyzing existing data when continuous data was not collected. This work describes the experimental and initial numerical investigations of instrumented munitions in storage to characterize their thermal response. The numerical model has the capability to validate broad trends observed from the experimental data. For this investigation, data is being collected through field experiments of inert munitions instrumented with thermocouples that are collocated near a weather station. Data from field experiments are used to develop and validate the numerical model. The numerical model will save time and resources in future investigations of the thermal exposure of munitions in storage as well as advance the understanding of the implications of selecting a long term storage environment. At a fundamental research level, this work contributes to the advances in combined heat transfer by natural convection and radiation inside a 3D enclosure combined with external forced convection and radiation. The numerical model includes several features including heat transfer to the enclosure by solar radiation, conduction, and forced convection, heat transfer between the enclosure container walls and the projectiles by radiation, conduction, and natural convection, heat transfer within the projectile by conduction, distributed thermal energy storage in projectiles, and transient temperature boundary condition at the enclosure walls.
The Contemporary African State: Res Publica or Res Privata ?

Though several African states possessed democratic governments at independence, these democratic governments contained the seeds of their own destruction. Having destroyed precolonial democratic structures on the continent, Europeans never intended to replace them with functioning European-style democracies. During the colonial era, democracy was dualistic, selective, and necessarily oppressive. The elite white settler saw democracy as perfectly functional, whereas the colonized viewed African democracy as an irrationality laced with contradictions.1 According to European colonizers, democratic institutions constituted an appropriate response to a particular set of political circumstances in which the colonial rulers ceded power to a new set of nationalist politicians.2
[Pathogenesis of endometrial cancer: clinicopathologic implications].

子宫内膜癌是妇科最常见的侵袭性肿瘤之一.2005年中国大陆新发病患者估计为2万例[1].该病常见于绝经后妇女,诊断平均年龄约60岁.1973-1978年期间,美国子宫内膜癌的发病率有短暂增加,这与此期间普及雌激素替代治疗有关.除雌激素替代治疗因素外,其他危险因素包括:肥胖、高脂饮食、生育因素(未产、初潮提前和绝经延迟)、多囊卵巢综合征、三苯氧胺治疗乳腺癌.随着当今中国人民生活水平的提高和肥胖症增多,子宫内膜癌的发病率也相应提高.总的来说,与其他常见的恶性肿瘤相比,妇科恶性肿瘤的分子研究相对滞后.子宫内膜癌的诊断主要依据传统的组织学方法,分子水平的辅助诊断贡献较少.根据其发病途径不同, 子宫内膜癌可分为两种类型,即所谓二元发病模式.因两型子宫内膜癌的临床预防、早期诊断和治疗措施差异较大,及时了解最新的研究动态有重要的临床和病理实践意义。
Some Uses of Deixis in Rabbinic Hebrew

I put forth two main arguments in the present study. First, that an adequate understanding of a number of Rabbinic Hebrew passages originating in Roman Palestine depends on a fuller appreciation of their employment of proximate and distant deixis. Interestingly, already the rabbinic scholars of Babylonia fail to recognize the distinction between proximate and distant deixis. Thus, the second argument, that though this distinction is known in Biblical Hebrew, its preservation among Palestinian rabbis is due to its vitality in Greek and so counts as contact-induced maintenance.
Thermochemical Properties and Bond Dissociation Energies for Fluorinated Methanol, CH3-xFxOH, and Fluorinated Methyl Hydroperoxides, CH3-xFxOOH: Group Additivity

Oxygenated fluorocarbons are routinely found in sampling of environmental soils and waters as a result of the widespread use of fluoro and chlorofluoro carbons as heat transfer fluids, inert materials, polymers, fire retardants and solvents; the influence of these chemicals on the environment is a growing concern. The thermochemical properties of these species are needed for understanding their stability and reactions in the environment and in thermal process. Structures and thermochemical properties on the mono- to trifluoromethanol, CH3–xFxOH, and fluoromethyl hydroperoxide, CH3–xFxOOH (1 ≤ x ≤ 3), are determined by CBS-QB3, CBS-APNO, and G4 calculations. Entropy, S°298, and heat capacities, Cp(T)’s (300 ≤ T/K ≤ 1500) from vibration, translation, and external rotation contributions are calculated on the basis of the vibration frequencies and structures obtained from the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) density functional method. Potential barriers for the internal rotations are also calculated from this method and use...
A New Frontier in US National Security Policymaking: State and Local Governments

In May 2015, US President Barack Obama’s Task Force on Twenty-First-Century Policing issued its final report leading with a recommendation that “law enforcement culture should embrace a guardian—rather than a warrior—mindset to build trust and legitimacy both within agencies and with the public.” (President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (Office of Community Oriented Policing Services) (Washington, D.C.), May 2015, 1, http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/taskforce_finalreport.pdf.) Protection from, preparedness for, and prevention of security threats in the USA are functions of and activities performed by the security forces of the country—the military for fighting war and state and local civilian officials for fighting crime and preparing for emergencies. In performing their respective jobs, the military and state and local civilian officials of the USA rarely interact but increasingly they are relying upon each other.
Scoping review: Awareness of neurotoxicity from anesthesia in children in otolaryngology literature

Objective Review otolaryngology literature for awareness of neurotoxicity from general anesthesia in children. Recently, there has been increasing focus in anesthesia literature on the long-term effects of general anesthesia on neurodevelopment. Multiple animal models have demonstrated evidence of neurotoxicity from both inhalational and intravenous anesthetics. Cohort studies also have revealed modestly increased risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in children exposed to a single episode of general anesthesia prior to 3 to 4 years of age, with stronger evidence for multiple exposures in this age range. Otolaryngologists may subject children to general anesthesia via procedures or tests, including computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and auditory brainstem response. Data Sources PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science Review. Methods A scoping review using the above databases was performed limited to January 2005 through December 2015. Articles were screened and reviewed based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Initial search generated 3,909 articles. After 72 full text articles were reviewed, only seven articles mentioned neurotoxicity as a risk of general anesthesia in pediatric patients. Conclusion Despite the high volume of pediatric otolaryngologic procedures performed annually, there remains limited awareness in our literature discussing neurotoxicity as an outcome. Prospective data from anesthesia literature is still pending; therefore, specific recommendations cannot be made at this time. Otolaryngologists should be aware of the concerns and work toward defining elective procedures, combining surgical procedures with other procedures or imaging, and reassessing the timing and frequency of various interventions under general anesthesia in young children. Laryngoscope, 127:1930–1937, 2017