cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrophysiological Effects of Steroid Hormones in Brain Tissue

The two previous chapters in this book have given autoradiographic and biochemical evidence of hormone concentration by cells in specific portions of the brain. The notion of a “hormone receptor,” in its usual sense, includes not only the idea of a specific, saturable, energy-dependent accumulation process, but also the idea that this hormone accumulation mediates effects of the hormone on the tissue in question. To demonstrate and characterize steroid hormone receptors in brain, therefore, it is necessary to describe physiological effects of the hormones in brain tissue. Neurophysiological data are summarized in this chapter. Where possible, they are compared with each other and with relevant behavioral phenomena.
From India to Israel: Identity, Immigration, and the Struggle for Religious Equality, by Joseph Hodes Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2014. Pp. xvii + 210, index. $100(CAD) (cloth); $24.95(CAD) (paperback) ISBN 978-0-7735-4340-9

In 1951, a group of Indian Jewish immigrants from the Bene Israel community staged a sit-in and hunger strike outside the Jewish Agency's premises in Tel Aviv. The group successfully demanded to be...
Cooperative communication for high-reliability low-latency wireless control

The Internet of Things envisions not only sensing but also actuation of numerous wirelessly connected devices. Seamless control with humans in the loop requires latencies on the order of a millisecond with very high reliabilities, paralleling the requirements for high-performance industrial control. Today's practical wireless systems cannot meet these reliability and latency requirements, forcing the use of wired systems. This paper introduces a wireless communication protocol, dubbed “Occupy CoW,” based on cooperative communication among nodes in the network to build the diversity necessary for the target reliability. Simultaneous retransmission by many relays achieves this without significantly decreasing throughput or increasing latency. The protocol is analyzed using the communication theoretic delay-limited-capacity framework and compared to baseline schemes that primarily exploit frequency diversity. In particular, we develop a novel “diversity meter” designed to measure “effective diversity” in the non-asymptotic regime. For a scenario inspired by an industrial printing application with 30 nodes in the control loop, total information throughput of 4.8 Mb/s, and cycle time under 2 ms, the protocol can robustly achieve a system probability of error better than 10−9 with nominal SNR below 5 dB.
DC Electrical‐Biased, All‐Oxide Nox Sensing Elements for Use at 873K

All-oxide NO x sensing elements based on a solid electrolyte are reported. During operation, a DC current or voltage is applied to the element, and the resultant voltage or current is used as a sensing signal. The elements are nearly "total NO x ", with responses to NO and NO 2 of the same algebraic sign and similar magnitude. For example, 77 ppm v NO produces a voltage change of -37% and 77 ppm v NO 2 a change of -40% for a current-biased element at 873 K and 7 vol% O 2 . The elements display an [O 2 ] sensitivity that is a decreasing function of [NO x ] and their DC electrical resistance varies exponentially with temperature. These sensing elements could find application in sensors for measuring [NO x ] at temperatures near 900 K.
Intracytoplasmic membrane structures in Vibrio marinus.

An electron microscope study of Vibrio marinus strains MP-1, an obligate psychrophile, and PS-207, a moderate psychrophile, revealed numerous intracellular membranous structures. The structures were found to occur more frequently in V. marinus strain MP-1 than in strain PS-207. The frequency of occurrence and complexity of structure were related to age of the culture. In early logarithmic phase, cells revealed invaginations of the plasma membrane. More complex membrane forms, found in late logarithmic and stationary phase, were either myelin-like sheaths, for which the term “myelemma” is proposed, or membranes randomly arranged throughout the cells. The complex membrane forms were not observed to be directly connected with the plasma membrane. However, they were often found in approximation to the plasma membrane or associated with vacuoles and circular membrane profiles. Individual membranes were of a tripartite structure and of dimensions similar to the cell wall and plasma membrane. Images
Early Effector T Cells Producing Significant IFN-γ Develop into Memory

Currently, transition of T cells from effector to memory is believed to occur as a consequence of exposure to residual suboptimal Ag found in lymphoid tissues at the waning end of the effector phase and microbial clearance. This led to the interpretation that memory arises from slightly activated late effectors producing reduced amounts of IFN-γ. In this study, we show that CD4 T cells from the early stage of the effector phase in which both the Ag and activation are optimal also transit to memory. Moreover, early effector T cells that have undergone four divisions expressed significant IL-7R, produced IFN-γ, and yielded rapid and robust memory responses. Cells that divided three times that had marginal IL-7R expression and no IFN-γ raised base level homeostatic memory, whereas those that have undergone only two divisions and produced IFN-γ yielded conditioned memory despite low IL-7R expression. Thus, highly activated early effectors generated under short exposure to optimal Ag in vivo develop into memory, and such transition is dependent on a significant production of the cell’s signature cytokine, IFN-γ.
A Tunable Infrared Coherent Source for the 2 to 25 Micron Region and Beyond

A novel method of generating coherent, widely tunable infrared radiation is described. The method uses a four-wave parametric mixing process in alkali metal vapors. The tuning range presently spans the 2 to 25 micron region. The possibilities of extending the tuning range are discussed.
Update on Midlevel Provider Utilization in U.S. Emergency Departments, 2006 to 2009

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:986–989 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: Previous studies have noted a sharp increase in utilization of physician assistants (PAs) and nurse practitioners (NPs), up to 13% of all U.S. emergency department (ED) visits in 2005. The authors sought to reevaluate utilization and visit acuity for these midlevel providers (MLPs) in U.S. EDs from 2006 to 2009. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the 2006–2009 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (NHAMCS), using the “providers seen” fields to categorize visits. Demographic, visit, and hospital characteristics of visits seen by MLPs only were compared to those seen by MLPs with physician involvement and by physicians only. Results: Of the estimated 496 million U.S. ED visits from 2006 to 2009, 5.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.7% to 7.1%) were seen by MLPs only and 7.4% (95% CI = 6.3% to 8.5%) by MLPs with physician involvement. The annual proportions of visits seen by MLPs only for 2006 to 2009 ranged from 5.4% to 6.0% without an obvious trend. Acuity of MLP-only visits in 2006–2009 was similar to prior 1993–2005 data for arrival by ambulance (6.5% vs. 6.0%), urgent/emergent triage acuity (33% vs. 37%), and hospital admission (3.3% vs. 3.0%). From 2006 through 2009, 64% of EDs utilized MLPs, with higher utilization in urban (72%, 95% CI = 64% to 78%) compared to nonurban EDs (51%, 95% CI = 39% to 63%). However, among EDs that did utilize MLPs, nonurban EDs had MLPs without physician involvement see a median 27% of all ED visits, compared to 7.5% for urban EDs. Conclusions: Despite a rapid expansion of MLP utilization in U.S. EDs, recent growth appears to have plateaued. The scope of practice of MLPs in EDs does not appear to be rapidly expanding. Urban EDs use MLPs more than nonurban EDs, but among EDs that use MLPs, nonurban EDs had MLPs see a larger proportion of overall ED visits.
Performance Increase of Papermill Waste Water Treatment Plants by a High-Capacity Trickling Filter Inserted as First Biological Stage

In many cases, it will be advisable to enhance operational safety and increase degradation performance of existing activated sludge plants by inserting a high-capacity trickling filter with plastic media. Easily degradable carbohydrates are largely decomposed in the trickling filter at low energy requirements. This allows the subsequent activated sludge stage to be set to reduced BOD sludge load levels which are required for efficient COD elimination, because the volume load has been reduced and a higher biomass concentration can be obtained at a lower sludge volume index. In the light of several years9 pilot testing of numerous different effluents, and of knowledge derived from observations of several industrial plants in the paper sector, precise rating directives can now be given for plants of this type. It has proven advantageous to discharge the trickling filter effluent directly into the activated sludge plant without intermediate clarification. The effluent temperature, which frequently exceeds 35°C, is reduced by up to 10°C in the trickling filter. This improves the conditions prevailing in the activated sludge plant, thus permitting limit values for the discharge of effluents into surface waters to be adhered to.
Autoantibodies to Human α6 Integrin in Patients with Oral Pemphigoid

Mucous membrane pemphigoid or cicatricial pemphigoid is a mucocutaneous blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies to different molecules in the basement membrane zone. Our objectives were to identify the target antigen recognized by sera from 20 untreated patients with pemphigoid disease limited to the oral cavity, and to determine the pathogenicity of autoantibodies in oral pemphigoid, with an organ culture model. We conducted indirect immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation assays, with accompanying absorption experiments, using normal human skin, conjunctiva and gingiva, bovine gingiva and a tumor cell line, which were reacted with sera from patients with oral pemphigoid, anti-α6 antibody, and control sera. Sera of oral pemphigoid patients selectively and specifically bound to human a6 integrin, a 120-kDa protein present in gingiva and the tumor cell line. Oral pemphigoid sera and anti-a6 antibody produced separation of epithelium from basement membrane (blister formation) of n...
A method for sleep depriving rats.

Abstract A method is described for sleep depriving up to 12 rats at a time by placing them in two large rotating cylinders. EEG data, previously unavailable for rats treated in this manner, show that total sleep time was significantly reduced from 47.0 percent to 3.8 percent of a 24-hr period. There was no selective reduction of REM or non-REM sleep.
Topical use of human recombinant epidermal growth factor (h-EGF) in venous ulcers

A great deal of interest has been focused recently on the potential use of synthetic polypeptide growth factors to stimulate healing of chronic wounds. In this pilot double-blind randomized study conducted at a single center, we used human recombinant epidermal growth factor (h-EGF) to treat 44 patients with venous ulceration of the lower extremities. An aqueous solution (10 micrograms/mL) of h-EGF was applied topically to the ulcers twice a day until healing occurred or for a maximum of 10 weeks. Patients were evaluated weekly for measurements of ulcer size and for the formation of granulation tissue suitable for grafting. Nine patients were excluded from efficacy evaluation because of protocol violations. Therefore, 35 patients (17 h-EGF, 18 placebo) were evaluable for efficacy, and 44 patients (22 h-EGF, 22 placebo) were available for safety. The median baseline ulcer size for all patients was 18.5 cm2, and was not significantly different between h-EGF and placebo group (12.9 cm2 versus 19.2 cm2, respectively, P = .27). By study end, six (35%) of h-EGF treated patients and two (11%) in the placebo group had healed completely (P = .10). Another 6 patients (2 of 17 h-EGF, 4 of 18 placebo; P = .50) developed healthy granulation tissue that was suitable for grafting. The median ulcer size reduction was 7% for h-EGF versus 3% for placebo per week (P = .29), and 73% versus 33% at study end (P = .32). No untoward side effects were related to the application of h-EGF. We conclude that topical application of h-EGF, in the dose and manner used in this study, was safe but failed to significantly enhance re-epithelialization of venous ulcers. However, a greater reduction in ulcer size and a larger number of healed ulcers with the use of h-EGF are encouraging results.
The hypothermic effect of veratridine injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the cat

Abstract Initial injections of 1–10 μg of veratridine into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the cat produced dose-related hypothermic responses. Doses smaller than 1 μg were without effect. Repeated administration of 10 μg doses of veratridine at intervals of one or two days produced tolerance. The hypothermic effect of veratridine is opposite to what would be predicted from the hypothesis of thermoregulatory set point control by sodium and calcium ions because veratridine enhances sodium ion conductance in neural tissue.
Ternary algebraic approach to extended superconformal algebras

Abstract The construction of extended ( N = 2 and N = 4) superconformal algebras (SCA) over very general classes of ternary algebras (triple systems) is given. For N = 2 this construction leads to superconformal algebras corresponding to certain Kahlerian coset spaces of Lie groups with non-vanishing torsion. In general, a given Lie group admits more than one coset space of this type. The construction and a complete classification of N = 2 SCAs over Kantor triple system is given. In particular, the division algebras and their tensor products lead to N = 2 superconformal algebras associated with the coset spaces of the groups of the Magic Square. For a very special class of ternary algebras, namely the Freudenthal triple (FT) systems, the N = 2 superconformal algebras can be extended to N = 4 superconformal algebras with the gauge group SU(2)×SU(2)×U(1). The realization and a complete classification of N = 2 and N = 4
Biochemistry and regulation of pheromone production in Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera, Blattellidae)

Abstract Females of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica , produce a contact sex pheromone consisting of the methyl ketones 3,11-dimethyl-2-heptacosanone, 3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone, 29-hydroxy- and 29-oxo-3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone. We review evidence in support of the hypothesis that in adult females the hydrocarbon 3,11-dimethylnonacosane is oxidized to the corresponding methyl ketone pheromone. Recent studies on the precursors and directionality of synthesis of the methyl-branched alkane indicate that it is formed by the insertion of methylmalonyl units derived from propionate, isoleucine, valine, methionine and succinate early in chain elongation. The hydrocarbon is then hydroxylated and oxidized at the 2-position to form the methyl ketone pheromone. The in vivo synthesis of pheromone and its accumulation on the cuticle are correlated to the synthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) by the corpora allata (CA) in vitro and to oocyte development, suggesting common regulation by JH of pheromone production as well as other reproductive events. The patterns of pheromone and hydrocarbon production in starved, allatectomized and head-ligated females, as well as in females rescued with hormone-replacement therapy, suggest two mechanisms of regulation of pheromone production: a JH-induced conversion of hydrocarbon to pheromone is related to the CA cycle and to oocyte development, while a JH-independent mechanism, which is probably related to feeding, supplies precursors for hydrocarbon biosynthesis.
The Ford 3 × 6 Engine Programme

The Ford 3 × 6 engine has been developed as an advanced study to achieve maximum possible fuel economy whilst maintaining the performance of the production 2.8 litre injection engine. The standard 2.8 litre injection engine provides the base for the dual displacement concept. Separation into two engines is accomplished by a completely divided intake manifold and dual plate throttle body. This permits the right bank of cylinders (engine 1) to operate at all times and the left bank (engine 2) to operate separately, only when needed. Typically, six-cylinder operation is selected for cold engine operation and at throttle angles greater than 37°. The sequential opening of the two throttle plates for engine 1 and engine 2 is controlled by a mechanical control system. Electronic fuel injection is controlled by the Ford EEC IV electronic engine control computer. The EEC IV also controls separate engine spark advance, deceleration fuel cut-off, cold engine enrichment, idle speed, and provides fuel consumption inpu...
EDGEWORTH EXPANSION FOR SIGNED LINEAR RANK STATISTICS WITH REGRESSION CONSTANTS

Abstract An Edgeworth expansion with remainder o(N−1) is obtained for signed linear rank statistics under suitable assumptions. The theorem is proved for a wide class of score generating functions including the Chi-quantile function by adapting van Zwet's methodand Does's conditioning arguments.
Compartmentation of citric acid cycle metabolism in brain: labelling of glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and gaba by several radioactive tracer metabolites.

—(1) Compartmentation of the metabolism of amino acids in brain has been studied in slices of cerebral cortex incubated with sodium [1-14C]acetate, sodium [1-14C]-bicarbonate, [1-14C]GABA or l-[1-14C]glutamate and in samples of brain after injection in vivo of [1-14C]- or [3H]acetate. (2) The method of treatment of the slices (a) maintained in ice-cold medium prior to incubation; (b) preincubation at 37°C and transfer to fresh medium affected the metabolism of the added, labelled substrate, particularly its labelling of glutamine. (3) The specific activity of glutamine labelled from the above metabolites was greater than that of glutamic acid in experiments of 10–30 minutes duration, whether or not subjected to pretreatment in the cold. (4) Incubation in medium containing 27 mm-K+ was associated with a decrease in the relative specific activity (RSA) of glutamine, except for the increase when l-[1-14C]glutamate was the precursor. (5) The data have been discussed in terms of metabolic compartmentation and their consistency with the concept of the presence in brain of more than one citric acid cycle, one containing the relatively smaller pools of intermediates and associated with synthetic processes; the other containing the relatively larger pools of intermediates and functioning as a homeostatic buffer for energy metabolism.
Pathobiology of traumatically induced axonal injury in animals and man

Study objectives: Although diffuse axonal injury is recognized as a consistent feature of traumatic brain injury, there is confusion regarding its pathogenesis. To provide insight into its pathogenesis, animal models of traumatic brain injury complemented by post mortem human analyses were used. Design: In animals, anterograde tracers together with antibodies targeting the neurofilament subunits were used in light and electron microscopic analyses of axonal injury. In humans, antibodies tothe neurofilament subunits also were used to follow diffuse axonal injury. Animals were followed from minutes to months after injury, whereas humans were studied from six hours to 59 days after injury. Measurements and main results: In neither animals nor humans did traumatic brain injury cause direct axonal tearing. Instead, the traumatic brain injury triggered focal intra-axonal change in the 68-kd neurofilament subunit, which became disordered in its alignment and resulted in impaired axoplasmic transport. This caused axonal swelling and disconnection. The sequence of axonal change was similar in animals and man; however, its temporal progression was slower in humans. Conclusion: Traumatically induced axonal damage is triggered first by focal intra-axonal change involving the neurofilament subunits. This neurofilament change is due to either direct mechanical failure of the axonal cytoskeleton or the initiation of a biochemical event that causes neurofilament disassembly. In general, the temporal progression of the intra-axonal changes that lead to ultimate disconnection is influenced by the severity of the traumatic injury and the species evaluated.
Electromagnetic probes of hadron in-medium properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract Theoretical and experimental studies of in-medium properties of hadrons in hot and/or dense matter is one of the most active frontiers in nuclear physics. High-energy heavy-ion collisions provide the possibility to create in laboratory strongly interacting matter at finite density and temperature. Electromagnetic signals, namely photon and dileptons spectra, provide a way to detect and study directly the properties of hadrons in the early stage of high-energy heavy-ion collisions. In this review, we first present an overview of current experimental efforts towards the measurement of dilepton and photon spectra in heavy-ion collisions at CERN SPS energies. We then review in detail the various theoretical investigations of and explanations for the low-mass dilepton enhancement, intermediate-mass dilepton enhancement, and direct photon production observed in heavy-ion collisions at CERN SPS. We emphasize the possibility of learning about the in-medium properties of hadrons, especially those of vector mesons, through these experimental and theoretical efforts.
A retrospective study comparing neutral protamine hagedorn insulin with glargine as basal therapy in prednisone-associated diabetes mellitus in hospitalized patients.

ABSTRACT Objective To compare glycemic outcomes in hospitalized patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin (NPH) vs glargine as basal insulin for management of glucocorticoid-associated hyperglycemia. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records in prednisone-treated adult patients with hyperglycemia in a university hospital. Consecutive patients were selected in both the NPH and glargine cohorts using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics were assessed in each cohort. Glycemic outcomes were analyzed by comparing fasting blood glucose, mean daily blood glucose concentration, median daily blood glucose concentration, and the number of hypoglycemic episodes on a prespecified index day. Results One hundred twenty patients were included: 60 patients in the NPH cohort and 60 patients in the glargine cohort. The weight-based insulin requirement was lower in the NPH cohort than in the glargine cohort (0.27 ± 0.2 units/kg vs 0.34 ± 0.2 units/kg [P = .04] for basal insulin and 0.26 ± 0.2 units/kg vs 0.36 ± 0.2 units/kg [P = .03] for bolus insulin). NPH and glargine cohorts were similar regarding age, sex, race, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, serum creatinine, and prednisone dosage. Glycemic outcomes in the NPH cohort compared with outcomes in the glargine cohort were similar regarding mean fasting blood glucose concentration (134 ± 49 mg/dL vs 139 ± 54 mg/dL [P = .63]), mean daily blood glucose (167 ± 46 mg/dL vs 165 ± 52 mg/dL [P = .79]), median blood glucose (160 ± 49 mg/dL vs 159 ± 57 mg/dL [P = .90]), and number of hypoglycemic episodes per day (0.12 ± 0.3 vs 0.10 ± 0.3 [P = .77]). Conclusions NPH and glargine appear to be equally effective as basal insulin in the management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients receiving prednisone. However, the total daily insulin doses used were lower in the NPH cohort. (Endocr Pract. 2012;18:712-719)
Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Bulloch County, Georgia

An 18-mo study was conducted in Bulloch County, Georgia, to determine tick species composition, seasonal activity of individual tick species, and host-tick associations. The following 7 methods of tick collection were included: (1) live trapping of potential host animals, (2) checking wild game, (3) drag sampling, (4) carbon dioxide attraction, (5) checking livestock, road kills, nests, and burrows, (6) samples submitted from veterinarians, and (7) ticks collected by local residents and submitted for identification. Twelve tick species (Ixodidae) were identified. Blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis Say, and American dog tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), had the widest host ranges and were the most numerous. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), supported 5 tick species, the greatest number on any host. Of 55 animal species examined, 16 mammal, 5 bird, and 3 reptile species were parasitized by ticks. Opossums, Didelphis virginiana Kerr, and cotton mice, Peromyscus gossypinus (LeConte), were the most commonly examined wild animals.
Topological properties of the cosmic microwave background polarization map

Rapid progress has been made in observations of the temperature anisotropies of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). These observations have enabled cosmologists to characterize the state of the universe at recombination, and observational efforts are now being directed towards obtaining the polarization map of the CMB. Here we draw an analogy between the CMB polarization map and nematic liquid crystals, pointing out that the two have similar defects. Making use of known results in the theory of defect formation we predict the statistical distribution of defects in the CMB polarization map and provide a novel tool for probing the CMB at large angular scales.
The vascular NAD(P)H oxidases as therapeutic targets in cardiovascular diseases

Activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidases and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by these enzyme systems are common in cardiovascular disease. In the past several years, a new family of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits, known as the non-phagocytic NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) proteins, have been discovered and shown to play a role in vascular tissues. Recent studies make clearer the mechanisms of activation of the endothelial and vascular smooth muscle NAD(P)H oxidases. ROS produced following angiotensin II-mediated stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidases signal through pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinases, tyrosine kinases and transcription factors, and lead to events such as inflammation, hypertrophy, remodeling and angiogenesis. Studies in mice that are deficient in p47(phox) and gp91(phox) (also known as NOX2) NAD(P)H oxidase subunits show that ROS produced by these oxidases contribute to cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and hypertension. Recently, efforts have been devoted to developing inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidases that will provide useful experimental tools and might have therapeutic potential in the treatment of human diseases.
Multiple Cognitive Control Effects of Error Likelihood and Conflict

Recent work on cognitive control has suggested a variety of performance monitoring functions of the anterior cingulate cortex such as errors, conflict, error likelihood, and others. Given the variety of monitoring effects, a corresponding variety of control effects on behavior might be expected. This paper explores whether conflict and error likelihood produce distinct cognitive control effects on behavior, as measured by response time. A Change signal task (Brown & Braver, Science 307:1118-1121, 2005) was modified to include conditions of likely errors due to tardy as well as premature responses in conditions with and without conflict. The results discriminate between competing hypotheses of independent versus interacting conflict and error likelihood control effects. Specifically, the results suggest that the likelihood of premature versus tardy response errors can lead to multiple distinct control effects, which are independent of cognitive control effects driven by response conflict. As a whole, the results point to the existence of multiple distinct cognitive control mechanisms and challenge existing models of cognitive control that incorporate only a single control signal.
Comparison of different calibration approaches for chloramphenicol quantification in chicken muscle by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Matrix-dependent signal suppression often occurs in quantitative analysis by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). In this study, we investigated three calibration methods for compensation of signal suppression on chloramphenicol (CAP) quantification in chicken muscle. The data showed that the spiking recoveries by solvent standard calibration with a stable isotope labelled internal standard (SIL-IS) and matrix-matched standard calibration with a SIL-IS were significantly higher than by external matrix-matched standard calibration (P 0.05). The limit of detection (LOD) for external matrix matched standard calibration was 0.1 μg kg−1, and that for SIL-IS calibration (including matrix matched and solvent dissolved standard) was 0.03 μg kg−1.
Representation of heterogeneous material properties in the Core Product Model

The Core Product Model (CPM) was developed at National Institute of Standards as a high level abstraction for representing product related information, to support data exchange, in a distributive and a collaborative environment. In this paper, we extend the CPM to components with continuously varying material properties. Such components are becoming increasing important and popular due to progress in design, analysis and manufacturing techniques. The key enabling concept for modeling continuously varying material properties is that of distance fields associated with a set of material features, where values and rates of material properties are specified. Material fields, representing distribution of material properties within a component, are usually expressed as functions of distances to material features, and are controlled with a variety of differential, integral or algebraic constraints. Our formulation is independent of any particular platform or representation, and applies to most proposed techniques for representing continuously varying material properties. The proposed model is described using Unified Modeling Language and is illustrated through a number of specific examples.
MANIPULATION OF CONTRAST BETWEEN DIFFERENTIAL GSRs IN VERY YOUNG CHILDREN

Each one of 26 children, aged 3 and 4, was tested in 6 ordered information detection sequences. Physiological responsiveness was observed in the GSR. It was found that Short Term Physiological Activation (STPA) could be manipulated in the predicted order using combinations of the following facets: a) frequency of usage of the stimulus by the organism, b) relevance of the stimulus to the organism, and c) whether or not a verbal response to the stimulus was required. The results were similar to those observed previously in an adult sample (Lieblich, 1969).
Detection of cell surface antigens on biopsied human tumor cells using monoclonal antibody-containing fluorescent microspheres

An immunoassay using fluorescent microspheres was developed for the detection of cell surface antigens on biopsied human cancer cells. A murine IgM monoclonal antibody 202 that was raised against a human melanoma cell line detected monosialogangliosides having sialic acid-galactose residue, and was used as an antibody source. Purified 202 antibody was coupled with 1-μm fluorescent micro-spheres (Immunosphere) by carbondiimide reaction at pH 4.7–5.5, and the assay was standardized using an antigen-positive human melanoma cell line. Over 90% of cells were positive when 4 μg antibody-containing immunospheres were used. The specificity of the reactivity was demonstrated by a blocking assay using uncoupled 202 antibody. The binding activity was stable for 2 weeks after preparation. Biopsied specimens that had been viably frozen in a form of single-cell suspension were thawed and purified by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. All of the five melanoma specimens tested were positive (>5% fluorescent cells) with a mean percent of positive cells = 35%, whereas only two of the five nonmelanoma tumor specimens were positive (m = 10.8%). None of the ten noncancer tissues, including skin, liver, kidney, and lymphocyte cells, showed greater than 5% positivity. When these tissues were tested after a 3-day incubation of the cells in a CO2 incubator, a significant increase in the antibody reactivity was obtained in melanoma tissues (m = 57.8%). In contrast, the antigenic expression of other types of human cancer was changed only slightly (m = 16.2%) within the same period of incubation. Whether the assay is applicable to cell surface antigens of other epitopes of human biopsied tissues or only to ganglioside antigens is currently under investigation.
In vitro development of bovine embryos cultured with stem cell factor or insulin-like growth factor-I following IVF with semen of two bulls having different field fertility.

The usefulness of IVF as a potential tool to evaluate the field fertility of bulls is equivocal and growth factor addition to culture media research is needed to delineate components needed for providing defined environments for embryos. The overall aim was to evaluate the in vitro development of embryos derived using a serum supplemented and serum-free production systems and semen from two bulls of different field fertility. The study was conducted to determine the combinatorial effect of stem cell factor (SCF) and/or insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in culture on subsequent embryo development in cattle. Oocytes were aspirated separately from >or=3 to or=3mm follicles (71.0+/-1.5%) compared to those collected from <3mm follicles (64.8+/-1.6%). The overall cleavage rate (%); blastocyst formation (%); and expanded/hatched blastocyst formation (%) were 68.2+/-1.5 and 67.7+/-1.7; 29.4+/-1.4 and 28.6+/-1.5; and 18.6+/-1.2 and 18.5+/-1.1, respectively, for the bull of above and below average field fertility. The results indicate that follicle size for oocyte aspiration is effective for determining IVC success and that IVF may not discriminate among bulls of different field fertility.
A comparison of the frequency and severity of poisoning cases for ingestion of acetaminophen, aspirin, and ibuprofen

During 1984, 62,837 cases of human exposure to analgesics were reported to the National Data Collection System of the American Association of Poison Control Centers. We undertook a comparative study of 10,134 cases of human exposure to adult formulations of aspirin, acetaminophen, and ibuprofen from which we found that human exposures to analgesics are a common problem reported to poison control centers. All three analgesics studied appear to have minimal toxicity in children who accidentally ingest the product and report the exposure to a poison control center. Most children were managed without referral to a health care facility and without specific therapeutic intervention, other than palliative measures; only a few children develop symptoms from the exposure. When symptoms developed, most were not life-threatening and the child returned to a preexposure state of health within a short time after the onset of symptoms. In adults, the analgesics appear to be relatively safe--that is, most cases had either no effect or caused only minor symptoms; less than 5% of the patients developed a major effect and less than 0.5% died as a result of their exposure. Because the majority of adults took the analgesic intentionally, the low rate of serious effect is notable. Fewer adult patients who ingested ibuprofen were hospitalized or experienced a major effect as a result of their exposure than patients ingesting aspirin or acetaminophen. No deaths were reported in the ibuprofen group.
Design Equations for Evaluating Fire Resistance of SFRC-Filled HSS Columns

Computer programs were developed and used to investigate the influence of various factors on the fire resistance of steel hollow structural section columns filled with steel fiber-reinforced concrete. Results from the parametric studies were used to develop simple equations for calculating the fire resistance of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC)-filled hollow structural section (HSS) columns with circular and square cross sections. The validity of the calculation procedure was established by comparing the calculated fire resistances with those obtained from fire tests on columns. These equations provide a rational and easy-to-use design method for evaluating the fire resistance of hollow steel columns filled with steel fiber-reinforced concrete for any value of the significant parameters that determine it, such as load, cross-sectional dimensions, effective length, and concrete strength. The proposed equations give reasonable estimate of fire resistance for SFRC-filled circular HSS columns; however, ...
Comparison of diurnal contrast changes for millimeter-wave and infrared imagery

Far-infrared outdoor imagery has a lower contrast in the morning/afternoon relative to the highest contrast, which is observed at 14:00. Millimeter-wave (mmW) imagery can also follow this pattern. However, in this paper, we show that the opposite can occur for mmW imagery, wherein a higher contrast can occur in the morning/afternoon and lower contrast at 14:00. To this end, we show that a wood and rubber sample are observed to have a difference in mmW radiometric temperature of 17 degrees C at 9:00 and a difference of only 7 degrees C at 14:00. Details of our observations are presented.
Infiltrative cerebellar ganglioglioma: conventional and advanced MRI, proton MR spectroscopic, and FDG PET findings in an 18-month-old child.

Advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) perfusion, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have proven to be useful in predicting tumour grade and outcome in glial brain tumours.1–5 However, discrepancies do occur when advanced techniques suggest a biologically more malignant behaviour in low-grade lesions such as gangliogliomas.6–10 Recently, we had the opportunity to diagnose and follow a child with infiltrative cerebellar ganglioglioma. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the existing body of knowledge about this rare entity by reporting and discussing the results of conventional and advanced MRI, including DTI, DSC, MRS, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) with respect to the histopathological features of the tumour, and reviewing currently available literature.
The landscape of hypnosis in France in the twentieth century

The author – a psychologist, psychotherapist and poetess – traces the history of hypnosis in France, the cradle of hypnosis. At the outset there were two conflicting schools, one originating with Charcot, a neurologist, who ended viewing hypnosis as a pathologic phenomenon associated with hysteria; the other with therapeutic goals originating with Bernheim and viewing hypnosis as a physiological state involving suggestion. From 1900 psychoanalysis dominated until the mid-century when Chertok and later Michaux struggled to stimulate a revival. In 1980 they founded the Groupement d'Etudes pour les Applications Medicales de l'Hypnose (GEAMH) for research and training purposes, which continues to host conferences to the present day. In 1983 Godin and Malarewicz established in Paris the first Milton H. Erickson Institute, and there followed a proliferation of institutes throughout France. From 1991 Roustang wrote prolifically offering an original Eastern and Western synthesis and therapeutic approach. In 1997 Bellet founded the Confederation Francophone d'Hypnose et de Therapies Breves (CFHTB) drawing together, by 2007, 21 affiliated organizations with 3000 practitioners in France, Belgium, Switzerland and Quebec, and with affiliation with international societies. Copyright © 2007 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 12-15-lipoxygenase is a modulator of Alzheimer's-related tau pathology in vivo.

Summary 12/15-lipoxygenase (12-15LO) is a lipid-peroxidizing enzyme widely expressed in the central nervous system where it has been involved in the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) because it modulates amyloid beta (Aβ) and APP processing. However, its biological effect on tau protein is unknown. We investigated the effect of 12-15LO on tau levels and metabolism in vivo and in vitro and the mechanism involved by using genetic and pharmacologic approaches. While no significant differences were observed in the levels of total tau for both groups, compared with controls, Tg2576 mice overexpressing 12-15LO had elevated levels of phosphorylated tau at two specific epitopes, Ser 202/Thr 205 and Ser 396. In vitro and in vivo studies show that 12-15LO modulates tau metabolism specifically via the cdk5 kinase pathway. Associated with these changes were biochemical markers of synaptic pathology. Finally, 12-15LO-dependent alteration of tau metabolism was independent from an effect on Aβ. Our findings reveal a novel pathway by which 12-15LO modulates endogenous tau metabolism making this protein an appealing pharmacologic target for treatment of AD and related tauopathies.
Numerical Simulations of Flutter Instability of a Flexible Disk Rotating Close to a Rigid Wall

In this paper, we present a numerical study of flutter instability of a flexible disk rotating near a rigid wall. The disk is modeled using linear plate theory, and the air flow between the disk and the rigid plate is modeled using the Reynolds equation of lubrication for thin-film flows. The coupled disk-fluid equations are solved numerically. The spatial derivatives are approximated using finite-difference schemes and the time integration is performed using the Runge-Kutta numerical scheme. The transient numerical simulation is used to determine approximations to the exact stability boundaries for stable operation of the disk. The stability boundaries for the disk-fluid system are captured for a wide range of circumferential mode numbers (16-30) and disk rotational speeds, and these predictions are compared to the predictions of an approximate single-mode analysis.
Motor recovery after lesions

Abstract How can a function recover when the pathway which normally mediates it has been destroyed permanently? The well-established concept of localization of function and the phenomenon of recovery of function appear to be in contradiction. As Michael Goldberger stresses in this article the problem is important not only because of its theoretical consequences, but also because of its practical significance.
On: “In quest of the flank” by K. Larner, C. J. Beasley, and W. Lyn (GEOPHYSICS, 54, 701–717, June 1989)

The subject paper explores the effectiveness of various reflection migration techniques in the imaging of salt‐dome flanks. Unfortunately, the authors do not consider extraction of the salt‐face reflection uniquely and, from this reflection and knowledge of velocity in sediments adjoining the salt dome, the accurate delineation of the salt dome. This procedure is described and demonstrated in the landmark paper “Structural inversion of salt dome flanks” by May and Covey (1983), which is not referenced by Larner et al.
Effect of prenatal propranolol exposure on development of the postnatal rat heart.

Maternal propranolol (PRO) treatment has previously been associated with adverse effects on the fetus and neonate. In the present study, pregnant rats were treated with PRO (25 or 50 mg/kg/day s.c.) on gestation days 8-20 to assess its possible effects on the developing heart. Maternal weight gain and pup weight on postnatal day (PND) 1 were reduced in a dose-dependent manner; litter size was unaffected. Pup body weight and heart weight both showed a dose-related decrease at all ages tested (PNDs 5/6, 8/9, 15/16, and 22/23). Since heart protein, but not DNA, was similarly reduced, the decrease seen in heart weight most likely reflects a decrease in cell size instead of cell number. Basal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme associated with growth and development, was unaffected by maternal PRO treatment. Insulin and isoproterenol stimulation of ODC, suggested markers for testing the function of the sympathetic pathway to the heart and of the heart's ODC response system, respectively, also showed no PRO-related response. In conclusion, prenatal PRO exposure resulted in reduced body weight, heart weight, and heart protein, but had little effect on heart DNA or ODC activity. Since PRO treatment also reduced maternal weight gain, the adverse effects seen in the pups may be due to generalized PRO toxicity. The results suggest that when high PRO doses were used clinically, the careful monitoring of maternal weight gain during pregnancy might be useful in predicting adverse fetal effects.
Harnessing Fluid-Driven Vesicles to Pick Up and Drop Off Janus Particles

Using dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations, we model the interaction between nanoscopic lipid vesicles and Janus nanoparticles in the presence of an imposed flow. Both the vesicle and Janus nanoparticles are localized on a hydrophilic substrate and immersed in a hydrophilic solution. The fluid-driven vesicle successfully picks up Janus particles on the substrate and transports these particles as cargo along the surface. The vesicle can carry up to four particles as its payload. Hence, the vesicles can act as nanoscopic “vacuum cleaners”, collecting nanoscopic debris localized on the floors of the fluidic devices. Importantly, these studies reveal how an imposed flow can facilitate the incorporation of nanoparticles into nanoscale vesicles. With the introduction of a “sticky” domain on the substrate, the vesicles can also robustly drop off and deposit the particles on the surface. The controlled pickup and delivery of nanoparticles via lipid vesicles can play an important step in the bottom-up a...
Is environmental justice all dried up? Drilling for water in the everglades dredges up questions regarding the potential for a just environmental sustainability

This paper considers the social, environmental, and political implications of plans to employ aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) technology as a major part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) as exemplary of the predicament inherent to the challenge of achieving the goal of just environmental sustainability. Although ASR promises to be a low cost solution to regional water issues, its implementation means the continuation of harmful agricultural and developmental practices within the region, which fostered the environmental and social crisis that the CERP is now tasked to mitigate. Further, the plan's overwhelming dependency upon ASR, a technology of questionable efficacy given the scope of its intended use, raises questions as to the refusal to seriously consider alternative solutions, such as naturalisation. This paper argues for a new approach to environmental issues of this sort, offering just environmental sustainability as an alternative to sustainable development and environmental justice initiatives, both of which neglect to fully take into account ethical considerations when addressing accountability and enforcement.