cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling non-heme iron proteins.

Abstract Synthetic modeling studies of non-heme iron proteins continue to contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of these proteins. Recently, mononuclear Fe(IV) O complexes have been prepared and characterized to model the same species that are proposed to be the reactive intermediates in reactions involving mononuclear non-heme iron proteins. Generation of such species for the oxidation of organic substrates has also been demonstrated. Other advances include successful modeling of the structural and functional aspects of diiron non-heme proteins with the use of terphenyl-based carboxylate ligands and the development of several iron-based reagents that catalyze oxidation reactions with the use of various oxidants, including dioxygen.
Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly: Are Emergency Department Personnel Aware of Mandatory Reporting Laws?

Alabama emergency department personnel were surveyed in 1988 concerning elder abuse and Alabama's mandatory reporting and protective services law. Most ED personnel did not understand the requirements of the law. While emergency physicians, registered nurses, and licensed practical nurses had seen cases of elder abuse in their careers, differences existed in their satisfaction with the disposition of cases reported to state authorities. Licensed practical nurses and physicians reported greater satisfaction with the response received; registered nurses were much less satisfied. However, all accepted responsibility for reporting elder abuse. ED registered nurses and emergency physicians were divided on the degree to which they could diagnose elder abuse, did not believe there were sufficient services to care for those who had been abused, and were unsure whether there were procedures for reporting cases of elder abuse. All ED personnel need to know that cases they report will result in protection of abuse victims.
Health Savings Accounts: Growth Concentrated Among High-Income Households And Large Employers

Between 2005 and 2012, the share of employers whose employees had health savings accounts (HSAs) and the share of employees working at these employers grew more than tenfold. High-income and older tax filers both established HSAs and fully funded their HSAs at least four times as often as did low-income and younger filers.
Monolithic microwave active inductors and their applications

Previously reported active inductors and their characteristics are reviewed. The most significant innovation of the active inductor is a novel circuit structure which suppresses stray capacitances to yield a much higher frequency operating range from a spiral inductor. Furthermore, the chip size of the active inductor is small and independent of the inductance value. Applications of the variable inductor with a very wide range, the miniature active combiner, and the voltage controllable oscillator composed of only an active inductor and a capacitor are demonstrated. These FET-oriented MMIC designs allow not only a denser chip circuitry but also a functionally enhanced MMIC implementation. >
Do Memory-Impaired Drivers and Their Family Members Agree on Driving Ability and Behaviors?

It is estimated that approximately one-third of people with dementia continue to drive. Compared with the general driving population, drivers with dementia are at an increased risk of unsafe motor vehicle operation. Self-screening is often the basis for self-regulation of driving. It is not known how well self-screening as a predominant strategy works for drivers with memory impairment. This descriptive study explored the perceptions of 22 dyads of drivers with memory impairment and their family members through 44 structured telephone interviews within 4 months after specialized driving assessment to gain insights into their level of agreement on the driver's health, functioning, and critical driving behaviors. Drivers and family members were in fair agreement about current driving patterns and driver self-regulation (such as avoiding driving at night, in bad weather, or in unfamiliar areas). However, when reports of functional ability (such as vision, strength, and flexibility) were compared, drivers rat...
Monotropa uniflora plants of eastern Massachusetts form mycorrhizae with a diversity of russulacean fungi

Plant species in the subfamily Monotropoideae are mycoheterotrophs; they obtain fixed carbon from photosynthetic plants via a shared mycorrhizal network. Previous findings show mycoheterotrophic pl...
The effect of cortisone on bronchial asthma and hay fever occurring in subjects sensitive to ragweed pollen

Abstract 1.1. Three patients received injections of cortisone during the season when ragweed pollen, to which they were allergic, was in the air. 2.2. Each patient experienced prompt relief from the symptoms of bronchial asthma and hay fever occurring as the result of that pollen sensitivity. 3.3. The symptoms of bronchial asthma were relieved more quickly than were symptoms of hay fever. 4.4. Within 3 days following the onset of administration of cortisone, only occasional allergic symptoms, which were of a mild and transitory nature, were observed. 5.5. The relief of symptoms was apparently confined to the period during and immediately following the time when cortisone was being administered.
Distant face recognition based on sparse-stereo reconstruction

We introduce a framework for face recognition at a distance based on sparse-stereo reconstruction. We develop a 3D acquisition system that consists of two CCD stereo cameras mounted on pan-tilt units with adjustable baseline. We first detect the facial region and extract its landmark points, which are used to initialize an AAM mesh fitting algorithm. The fitted mesh vertices provide point correspondences between the left and right images of a stereo pair; stereo-based reconstruction is then used to infer the 3D information of the mesh vertices. We perform experiments regarding the use of different features extracted from these vertices for face recognition. The cumulative rank curves (CMC), which are generated using the proposed framework, confirms the feasibility of the proposed work for long distance recognition of human faces with respect to the state-of-the-art [3].
Skin Typing and High Resolution MRI of Human Skin: Multiple Contrast Approach for Image Characterization

Background and objectives: The ex vivo magnetic resonance microimaging (MRM) image characteristics are reported in human skin excised samples. Design and methods:Human excised skin samples were imaged using custom coil placed inside 500 MHz NMR imager for high resolution microimaging. Skin in vivo- and ex vivo MRI images were processed for characterization of different skin structures. Contiguous cross-sectional T1-weighted 3D spin echo MRI, T2-weighted 3D spin echo MRI and proton density images were compared with skin histopathology and NMR peaks. In all skin specimens, epidermis and dermis thickening and hair follicle size was measured using MRM. Results: Optimized TE and TR parameters and multicontrast enhancement generated better MRI visibility of different skin components. Within high MR signal regions near to custom coil, MRI images at short echo time were comparable with digitized histological sections for skin structures of epidermis, dermis, hair follicles in 6 (67%) of the 9 specimens from different age groups. Skin % tissue composition, measurement of epidermis, dermis, sebaceous gland and hair follicle size, skin NMR peaks were signatures of skin type. The image processing determined the dimensionality of skin tissue components and skin typing in different age groups. Conclusion: The ex vivo MRI images and histopathology of skin may measure the skin structures and skin NMR peaks with image processing may be tool for determining skin age typing and skin composition.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Decreases Nitric Oxide Synthase Type 3 Expression Primarily via Rho/Rho Kinase in the Thick Ascending Limb

Inappropriate Na+ reabsorption by thick ascending limbs (THALs) induces hypertension. NO produced by NO synthase type 3 (NOS3) inhibits NaCl reabsorption by THALs. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) d...
Crack Initiation at Electrode Edges in PZN-4.5%PT Single Crystals:

Fringing electric fields emanating from an electrode edge in electromechanically coupled materials can potentially lead to cracking from a strain incompatibility of the active and inactive regions. Partial electrodes and specimen geometry are studied in single crystal PZN-4.5%PT to characterize the fracture behavior near an electrode edge. Crack growth was characterized by varying the specimen thickness (t 1/4 0.7 and 2 mm) and electrode coverage (50-95%). An applied electric field of 3 MV/m was required to initiate cracks in the 0.7-mm specimens, while an electric field of 2 MV/m was required to initiate cracks in the 2 mm thick specimens. Linear elastic finite element modeling was used to determine the field quantities near the electrode edge and evaluate the internal energy density.
Photochemical dry etching of semiconductors and its relationship to semiconductor electronic properties

The general utility and selectivity of photochemical dry etching processes which require direct participation of photogenerated carriers is largely determined by the electronic properties of the semiconductor. The laser which is used to produce the carriers responsible for etching can also provide in situ measurement of some of the important electronic properties which influence the etching process.
Cognitive function after bariatric surgery: evidence for improvement 3 years after surgery

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is associated with improved cognition, and it is possible that such improvements are found at extended follow-ups. We hypothesized that cognitive improvement would be maintained 3 years after bariatric surgery. Methods Fifty bariatric patients were recruited from the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery parent project. Participants completed a computerized cognitive test battery to assess cognitive function at 12 weeks, 12 months, 24 months, and 36 months after surgery. Results Repeated measures revealed main effects for attention, executive function, and memory. Attention improved up to 24 months and then slightly declined although it still fell within the average range at 36 months. Improvements in executive function reached their peak at 36 months after surgery. Short-term improvements in memory were maintained at 36 months. No main effect emerged for language. Conclusions Bariatric surgery may lead to lasting improvements in cognition. Prospective studies with extended follow-ups (eg, 10 years) should examine whether bariatric surgery can attenuate cognitive decline in severely obese patients.
Introduction of a new data type to a high-level language to improve accuracy of computation

It is proposed that a novel type, called a rational type, be added to the set of existent types in high-level languages to enhance the accuracy of computation. Most fractions cannot be represented exactly in the real type or floating-point type that are currently available in high-level languages. In the proposed type, a real number is expressed as a ratio of two integers. It has already been established theoretically that computation using a rational format gives more accurate results for a class of problems than that using a floating-point format. A statistical analysis done by the authors showed that computation of values of natural logarithm, exponential, sine, square root, arctangent and the nth power of a variable were found to be more accurate virtually all the time when the rational format was used instead of the floating-point format. >
The establishment and characterization of an immortal cell line with a stable chondrocytic phenotype.

A cell line was developed from the transplantable Swarm rat chondrosarcoma (RCS) and has been maintained in continuous monolayer tissue culture for a number of years. This long term-cultured (LTC) cell line exhibits the morphological and biochemical characteristics of chondrocytes and resembles the RCS tumor by electron and light microscopy. The cell line differs from the original tumor cells in that about 90% of the sulfated macromolecules are retained in the LTC extracellular matrix as compared to 30% by primary cultures of cells from the RCS tumor. An interesting and useful feature of this cell line is that it contains clonal populations of cells which differ in the quality and quantity of matrix produced. Two such clones serve to illustrate the diversity of cell types within the LTC cell line. One termed Rex accumulates an intensely staining matrix around it, while the other, Ng, accumulates a matrix, that remains virtually unstained. The chondrocytic nature and ease of cloning make these cells ideal for biochemical analysis of the chondrocyte and its extracellular matrix.
Structural model estimation with correlated measurement errors

SUMMARY Maximum likelihood estimators for model parameters in linear structural relationships having correlated measurement errors are presented. Comparisons between asymptotic mean squared errors of least squares and maximum likelihood estimators of the slope parameter indicate that the least squares estimator is only preferable when the slope parameter is sufficiently small relative to the ratio of error standard deviations; however, unlike structural relationships having independent measurement errors, the region of preference is not simply given by an upper bound on this scaled slope parameter.
Signal integrity and scalability study of a novel PoP inter-package system

A novel enabling technique exploiting interposer approach such as silicon and package interposer [1] in the area of package-on-package (PoP) technology to achieve ultra small form factor packaging solution is presented in this paper. Electrical performance of such interconnect innovation is discussed and pitted against the conventional PoP methods using solder ball connection, as well as the recent developed over-molded interconnection technology. The advantages of the aforementioned silicon and package interposer technology from electrical performance perspective such as signal integrity in terms of impedance matching, noise shielding, electrical return and insertion losses are presented based on 3D passive modeling and simulation data. Device input-output (IO) density and physical scalability as associated with the above inter-package connection systems are also being analyzed and further elaborated. Transient analysis in terms of impulse response and TDR are presented in this paper as well.
Resilient monitoring system: Design and performance analysis

This paper is devoted to the design and performance analysis of an autonomous decentralized monitoring system that degrades gracefully under natural or malicious sensor malfunctioning. In the scenario considered, the sensors are characterized by a quantity referred to as data quality, and a method for estimating process variables, based on sensor measurements and data quality, is developed. Using these estimates, the plant status assessment is carried out, and the entropy of the resulting probability mass function, augmented by symmetrized relative entropy of sensor measurements, is used to drive the socalled rational controllers, which force the monitoring system to operate in the optimal state. Along with analytical results, the paper presents numerical examples, which illustrate the efficacy of the resulting resilient monitoring system, using a metric based on the Kullbeck-Liebler divergence.
Folding of 16S rRNA in a Signal‐Producing Structure for the Detection of Bacteria

Sixty-four DNA strands hybridize to 16S rRNA to form 32 deoxyribozyme catalytic cores that produce a fluorescent signal. The approach allows detection of 0.6 pM 16S rRNA, or about 3×10(4) bacterial cells in a PCR-free format.
Treatment with or without an Orthosis is Equivalent for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture without Neurologic Injury.

Bailey CS, Urquhart JC, Dvorak MF, Nadeau M, Boyd MC, Thomas KC, Kwon BK, Gurr KR, Bailey SI, Fisher CG. Orthosis Versus No Orthosis for the Treatment of Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures without Neurologic Injury: A Multicenter Prospective Randomized Equivalence Trial. Spine J. 2014 Nov 1;14(11):2557-64. ### Question: In patients with a burst fracture of the thoracolumbar spine, is treatment with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) equivalent to treatment without a TLSO? ### Design: Randomized (allocation concealed), blinded (outcome assessors), controlled trial with 24 months of follow-up. ### Setting: 3 Canadian tertiary spine centers. ### Patients: 96 neurologically intact patients who were 16 to 60 years of age (mean age, 40 years; 70% men) and had sustained, within the past 3 days, an isolated AO-A3 burst fracture between T10 and L3 with a kyphotic deformity of <35°. Exclusion criteria included the inability to wear a brace, mobilization with or without a brace before recruitment, pathologic or open fracture, drug or alcohol dependence, and previous injury or surgery to the thoracolumbar region. Data were available for 92 patients (96%) for measurement of the primary outcome at 3 months; the rate of follow-up was 71% at 24 months. ### Intervention: Patients were allocated to treatment with (n = 47) or without (n = 49) a …
Using Multiple Expansion Ratios and Dependency Analysis to Improve Test Compression

A methodology is presented for improving the amount of compression achieved by continuous-flow decompressors by using multiple ratios of scan chains to tester channels (i.e., expansion ratios). The idea is to start with a higher expansion ratio than normal and then progressively reduce the expansion ratio to detect any faults that remain undetected. By detecting faults at the highest expansion ratio possible, the amount of compression can be significantly improved compared with conventional approaches. The expansion ratio is progressively reduced by concatenating scan chains together using MUXes to make fewer and longer scan chains. Selecting which scan chains to concatenate is done by using a dependency analysis procedure that takes into account structural dependencies among the scan chains as well as free-variable dependencies in the logic driving the scan chains to improve the probability of detecting faults. Results for applying the proposed approach to industrial designs using various types of decompressors indicate significant improvements in compression are possible.
Particle size and charge distribution analysis of pharmaceutical aerosols generated by inhalers.

Aerosol particles generated by inhalers for respiratory drug delivery acquire electrostatic charge during the dispersion process. The electrostatic charge distribution of the particles can affect the efficiency of drug delivery by influencing both the transport and deposition of inhaled particles in the human lung. To analyze the electrostatic charge acquired by the aerosol particles, two sets of metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) devices were investigated. Both the particle size and charge distributions were measured simultaneously by using an electrical single-particle aerodynamic relaxation time (E-SPART) analyzer. The analyzer was calibrated with particles of known size, which were generated by a vibrating orifice aerosol generator (TSI Inc.) and charge using the Faraday cup method. The charge distributions of the pharmaceutical aerosols from both the DPI and MDI devices were bipolar in nature. Although the net charge-to-mass ratio was less than 0.2 μC/g, the individual particles ...
High Performance Transactions in Deuteronomy

The Deuteronomy architecture provides a clean separation of transaction functionality (performed in a transaction component, or TC) from data management functionality (performed in a data component, or DC). In prior work we implemented both a TC and DC that achieved modest performance. We recently built a high performance DC (the Bw-tree key value store) that achieves very high performance on modern hardware and is currently shipping as an indexing and storage layer in a number of Microsoft systems. This new DC executes operations more than 100× faster than the TC we previously implemented. This paper describes how we achieved two orders of magnitude speedup in TC performance and shows that a full Deuteronomy stack can achieve very high performance overall. Importantly, the resulting full stack is a system that caches data residing on secondary storage while exhibiting performance on par with main memory systems. Our new prototype TC combined with the previously re-architected DC scales to effectively use 48 hardware threads on our 4 socket NUMA machine and commits more than 1.5 million transactions per second (6 million total operations per second) for a variety of workloads.
Of Sovereignty and Union: The Legends of Alden

This paper probes Justice Kennedy's reasoning in Alden v. Maine, the case in which the Court extended the sovereign immunity of states from suit in federal courts to state courts. The paper argues that Alden was a lost opportunity and an insupportable reformulation of constitutional history. While acknowledging that the Court had already taken fateful steps down the destructive road of which Alden was the destination, the paper goes on to argue that Alden was nevertheless a major backward step, and an unprecedented and seriously wrong closing of access to justice.
Drying of Latex Rubber Deposits

Abstract In conclusion, it may be stated that the general principles of drying latex rubber deposits are much the same as for drying any other article, but there are conditions present that make drying more difficult. The porosity of the deposits decreases as drying proceeds; consequently the diffusion of the water through the deposits is progressively slower. Blisters can be formed between the deposits and the forms, but the formation of blisters can be controlled. During drying, flowable films such as those created by straight dipping can become wetter after being put into a drying oven. All these difficulties can be overcome by the proper design of ovens and the proper applications of fundamental drying principles.
Advances in Preparation of Magnetic Powders by Hydrothermal Method

The magnetic particles with uniform grain size, less aggregation and excellent crystallinity can be prepared by hydrothermal method. In this paper, the advances in preparing α -Fe2O3, (Mn, Zn)Fe2O4 and other magnetic powders by hydrothermal method are reviewed in detail.
Abstract A63: Identification of small molecules for GBM study

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent of malignant tumors of the brain. It is fatal usually within fifteen months after diagnosis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has surveyed the genomes of hundreds of human GBMs for presence of mutations in genes previously associated with cancer. Among those identified, three of the five most frequently mutated genes encode the well-known tumor suppressors: P53, NF1, and Pten (TCGA, 2008). We have generated genetic mouse models of GBM based on mutation in these same three tumor suppressors and they develop GBM with 100% incidence. These mouse GBMs resemble the human counterparts by all commonly used criteria for diagnosis. Extensive study of these mice and tumors has provided novel insights into the natural history of GBM development and moreover pointed at the adult neural stem cell/progenitor compartment as the most likely and frequent source of these tumors (Kwon CH, et al., 2008). We have thus isolated a cancer stem cell and demonstrated a hierarchical growth for these tumors in vivo. (Chen J, et al., 2012) In an effort to identify novel GBM specific molecular pathways that might serve as therapeutic targets, we undertook a 200,000 small compound high throughput screen using primary low passage GBM cells generated by pooling cells from multiple mouse tumors (Mut6 cells). A critical counter screen was designed to minimize compounds that targeted the cell division and DNA replication machinery of cells since many normal cells divide and this property is not unique to cancer cells. We therefore ruled out all compounds that displayed toxicity to primary mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) or to primary astrocytes. At the end of the screen, we selected three lead compounds with amenable physical-chemical properties for further evaluation and development as research discovery reagents and possible translational tools for drug development. We verified the activity of one of these compounds, termed Compound X, on mouse and human GBM primary cells as well as on a subset of established cancer cell lines, but not on MEFs or primary astrocytes. We identified a rapid cellular stress response accompanied by the robust activation of a transcription factor and eventual apoptotic response that can be mimicked by glucose deprivation. Through intensive structure-activity relationship study, analogs were successfully developed for in vivo activity and also for biochemical pull-down assay. Another compound (Compound Y) also induced apoptosis, however displaying response through completely different pathway, which indicates our screen identified multiple vulnerabilities in GBM tumor cells. Citation Format: Sang Kyun Lim, Yufeng Shi, Qiren Liang, Inga Nazarenko, Shuguang Wei, Maya Palnitkar, Yanjiao Li, Woosung Cho, Noelle Williams, Bruce Posner, Jef De Brabander, Luis F. Parada. Identification of small molecules for GBM study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A63.
Urinary Concentration and Dilution after Unilateral Nephrectomy in the Rat

1. The effects of unilateral nephrectomy on urinary concentration and dilution were studied in Sprague—Dawley rats. To exclude incomplete suppression of antidiuretic hormone, free water formation was also studied in rats with congenital diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain). 2. Urinary solute-free water formation was similar in Sprague—Dawley and Brattleboro rats. Unineph-rectomized animals excreted a water load promptly and diluted their urine to the same degree as control rats. Maximal values for C water and T Cwater per kidney were higher after nephrectomy, but were similar to those of control rats at comparable rates of fluid delivery to the distal nephron. Renal tissue osmolality was similar in uninephrectomized and sham-operated animals, indicating that non-antidiuretic hormone-dependent backflux of filtrate was the same in the two groups. The only defect observed in uninephrectomized animals was a small reduction in maximal urine osmolality. 3. These results demonstrate that free water formation and reabsorption are unaffected by unilateral nephrectomy and suggest that, in the remaining kidney, filtrate reabsorption along the entire nephron increases in proportion to the increment in glomerular filtration.
Optimal control for a SIR epidemiological model with time-varying populations

For a SIR model with time-varying population that accounts for deaths from a disease, the optimal control problem to limit the spread of the disease through vaccination and treatment is studied. It is shown that singular controls play an important role in the structure of optimal vaccination schedules whereas optimal treatment schedules follow a bang-bang structure of on-off strategies.
Research and application of operating monitoring and evaluation for dispatching automation and control system

According to the gradual expansion of power grid scale and rapid development of computer technology, the dispatching automation and control system has played an increasingly prominent role in technique support and guarantee for power grid. In this paper we designed a kind of operating monitoring and evaluation software for the smart grid dispatching and control system, and described several key technologies in detail, which includes index acquisition, data statistical analysis and diagnosis, on-line alarming and interface display. The acquired data is composed of FES information, basic data, application and service status, data consistency, which can fully characterize the operating state of the system and provide accurate and reliable data source. The software has been applied and empirically proved in some dispatching organizations to entrance the operation and maintenance level for the system.
Implications of advanced vehicle technologies for older drivers

Advances are being made in vehicle technologies that may help older adults compensate for some of the declines in abilities associated with aging. These advances hold promise for increasing vehicle safety, reducing injuries, and making the driving task more comfortable. However, important research gaps remain with regard to how various advanced technologies impact the safety of older drivers, as well as older drivers' perceptions about these technologies. This special issue contains seven original contributions that address these issues. Specific topics include the: congruence of design guidelines with the needs and abilities of older drivers, transfer of control between automated and manual driving, use of in-vehicle monitoring technology, motivations for technology use and assigned meanings, technology valuation, and effects on driving behavior.
Evolving cost functions for model predictive control of multi-agent UAV combat swarms

Recent advances in sampling-based Model Predictive Control (MPC) methods have enabled the control of nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems with complex and non-smooth cost functions. However, the main drawback of these methods is that they can be myopic with respect to high-level tasks, since MPC relies on predicting dynamics within a short time horizon. Furthermore, designing cost functions which capture high-level information may be prohibitive for complex tasks, especially multi-agent scenarios. Here we propose a hierarchical approach to this problem where the NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm is used to build cost functions for an MPC trajectory optimization algorithm known as Model-Predictive Path Integral (MPPI) control. MPPI and NEAT are particularly well-suited to one another since MPPI can control an agent in a way that minimizes a non-differentiable cost function (including logic or non-smooth functions), while NEAT can build a neural network comprised of any arbitrary activation functions, including those which are non-differentiable or logic-based. We utilize this approach in controlling agile swarms of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a simulated swarm vs. swarm combat scenario.
Relative Price Effects on Export Performance: The Case of Nonelectrical Machinery (Incidence du prix relatif sur les exportations: le matÃ©riel non Ã©lectrique) (Efectos de los precios relativos en el comportamiento de las exportaciones: El caso de la maquinaria no elÃ©ctrica)

THIS PAPER EXPLORES the effects of changes in export price competitiveness at a disaggregated level. A case study is considerednamely, the effects of relative price changes among the three main exporters of nonelectrical machinery-the Federal Republic of Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom-on their relative export performances. All direct and cross-price elasticities of demand in a number of foreign markets are estimated in a consistent fashion. These markets are the European Economic Community (EEC), the rest of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries (RO), and the developing countries (DC). 1 The study has two major focuses: (i) it attempts to test the validity of the new "elasticity pessimism" that has arisen following the apparent failure of the large exchange rate changes and relative price changes of 1969-73 to affect trade balances significantly; 2 and (ii) it attempts to eliminate certain methodological flaws that reduce the usefulness of many existing empirical studies on foreign trade price elasticities. Concern with the methodological aspects has led to the present consider-
“Everything Is About Balance”: Graduate Education Faculty and the Navigation of Difficult Discourses on Race:

The purpose of this multiple case study was to describe the experiences of graduate education faculty of varying racial/ethnic backgrounds, learning to navigate difficult discourses on race effecti...
The Practice of Overlapping Colorectal Operations in a Tertiary Care Center Is Safe: A Model for Advancing Team-based Care.

Objective Determine the safety of overlapping surgery in a tertiary care colorectal surgery practice. Summary Although overlapping surgery is common in academic centers, reports on outcomes of this practice are limited. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the safety of overlapping surgery in a dedicated tertiary care academic colorectal practice by comparing groups of patients who did or did not have their surgery performed in an overlapping fashion. Methods Retrospective review of 1270 colorectal patients undergoing inpatient colorectal surgery at our institution. Eligible participants were all patients undergoing elective inpatient colorectal surgery by one of the colorectal surgeons at the Mayo Clinic Rochester between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2015. Patients under the age of 18 or who underwent an emergent procedure were excluded. Data were abstracted using the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Additionally, each subject's chart was reviewed and further abstracted. The safety of overlapping surgery on outcomes was assessed using multiple multivariable models. Results One thousand two hundred seventy patients were included in the study cohort of whom 50.7% were female and the average age was 55.4 years. Overlapping surgery occurred in 576 patients (45%). There were no significant differences in demographic, surgical indications, procedures, or operative complexity between patients undergoing overlapping surgery and those who did not. Overall adverse events were significantly less likely in patients undergoing overlapping surgery compared with those who did not (18.4% vs 23.6%, P = 0.02). We found that overlapping surgery was associated with significantly less adverse events compared with patients not undergoing overlapping surgery using a model that controlled for the effect of the individual surgeon (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6 - 0.96; P = .02) and a multivariable propensity score (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5- 0.9; P = 01). Conclusions Overlapping surgery in a tertiary care colorectal practice is safe and not associated with adverse patient outcomes.
Gifted Children: The Promise of Potential/The Problems of Potential

For a teacher of the gifted, it was a familiar problem. Matt’s regular classroom teacher was complaining, “He has such potential! If only he’d apply himself.” All the signs of his giftedness were there: scores in the 95th percentile and above on standardized tests of ability and achievement, behavioral indicators such as advanced conceptualization, intense intellectual curiosity, ability to generalize and see relations far beyond that of his age peers, heightened sensitivity. However, Matt was simply not doing well in school. “An underachiever, that’s what he is,” said the classroom teacher, shrugging her shoulders in frustration. “He only does classroom work when he’s interested in it, and then his work is either okay or, once in a while, even outstanding. The rest of the time he’s doing nothing, at least nothing that relates to what we’re doing in class.” Then there is Tricia. Tricia’s performance has remained outstanding throughout her elementary school years—top of her class, every teacher’s favorite, the “ideal” student, the epitome of giftedness. Tricia always does more than what anyone expects of her; every project, every paper, every exam is exemplary. She always has a smile on her face and always seems willing to tutor others or do whatever it takes to win the approval of everyone: her parents, her teachers, her friends, everyone. Everyone comments on how well she is doing in school. Everyone wonders what she will be “when she grows up,” but no one really knows who she is now.
Life Transitions and Crises

While awaiting an ambulance after sustaining a grave injury in a sudden, terrifying automobile accident, Jon Krapfl mentally prepared for death. The ambulance attendants wanted him to remain hopeful and hesitated to tell him that his neck was broken. By sharing his intense fear of imminent death, Jon managed to obtain the information he sought. During his lengthy rehabilitation, Jon experienced sharp, insistent pain, felt he was losing his mind due to intrusive hallucinations, found it hard to accept his injury and physical limitations, and ruminated about how his wife and children would confront his disability. Jon faced these issues effectively and eventually returned to his job as a professor of psychology at the University of West Virginia. He later construed the forced review of his life as a “freeing experience” and came to see his ordeal as having “enriched my life.”12
Multi-organ Dysfunction Syndrome

With the widespread use of advanced technology for organ support, patients rarely die from their presenting disease but rather from its pathophysiological consequences, namely the sequential dysfunction and failure of several organ systems. This syndrome has been called “multi-system organ failure” (MSOF), “multiple organ system failure” (MOSF), and more recently “multi-organ dysfunction syndrome” (MODS). MODS has an extraordinarily high mortality and, for many patients, the support of this syndrome does not improve survival but rather prolongs the dying process.
Conceptualization, Measurement, and Analysis of Negative Affective Risk Factors

A variety of negative affective characteristics have been studied as risk factors for the onset and course of physical illness. Symptoms of anxiety, depression, and anger, related personality traits, and related diagnosable disorders have most often been studied one at a time in this research. Given well documented and substantial associations among anxiety, depression, and anger, and among symptoms, traits, and disorders, effects of any one affective risk factor on health outcomes could reflect (1) the specific characteristic assessed, (2) a related but unmeasured characteristic, or (3) a general and multi-faceted negative affective characteristic. Moving beyond the “one at a time” approach to negative affective risk factors is essential in the development and implementation of risk-reducing interventions. Empirically supported conceptual models of the domain of negative affective risk factors are an essential guide to measurement and quantitative analysis in psychosocial research on the role of these risk factors in the development and course of disease. This chapter reviews these conceptual, measurement, and analytic issues as considerations in the critical interpretation of prior studies and in the design of future research.
Relationship between mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture topography in α + β titanium alloys

The influence of forging schedule and subsequent heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of three a + β titanium alloys has been investigated. The alloys studied were Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn, and Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-6Mo. The microstructural comparisons included (a +β) finished and β-processed material, variations in primary a volume fraction, primary a particle aspect ratio, and the nature of the transformation products. Careful selection of forging history and heat treatment permitted comparisons of fracture properties at essentially constant strength levels. This paper describes the influence of forging and heat treatment on the microstructure of these alloys as shown by light and thin foil electron microscopy. The microstructural information was then used to analyze the variations in topography of both fatigue and fast fracture regions as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In some cases, good correlation between fracture topography and microstructure has been established but such correlations depend on microstructure and on loading conditions. For example, fast fracture in the β-processed materials occurs largely along prior β-phase grain boundaries, whereas fatigue cracks propagate by a predominantly transgranular mode. Further, the occurrence of fatigue striations strongly depends on microstructure and on the cyclic stress intensity, with cyclic cleavage predominating at low growth rates in those alloy conditions containing primary a particles which have at least one dimension greater than ∼25 μm. Other correlations between fracture topography, microstructure, and properties were obtained and comments for microstructure selection to control properties are included.
Samādhi as perceptual transformation: a re-examination of Jung’s views on yoga

For Jung, yoga was a broad concept encompassing Eastern practices from many different traditions. Jung’s understanding of the Yoga Sūtras was based on the late nineteenth century yoga revival and i...
Synthesis of Polymer Bioconjugates via Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization under Blue Light Irradiation.

A rapid blue-light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was conducted in a biologically friendly environment. Well-controlled polymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) methyl ether methacrylate (OEOMA) was successfully performed in aqueous media (1X PBS) under irradiation by blue LED strips. With 10.0 mW/cm2 intensity output at 450 nm, >90% conversion was achieved in 2 h in the presence of a system comprising glucose, glucose oxidase, and sodium pyruvate. Poly(OEOMA) was synthesized with predetermined Mn and low dispersities using low ppm of Cu catalysts. Importantly, secondary structures of proteins, as analyzed by circular dichroism (CD), were preserved under blue-light irradiation due to its lower energy output. The aqueous blue-light ATRP technique was applied to biological systems by synthesizing well-defined protein–polymer and DNA–polymer hybrids by the “grafting-from” method.
Emotion dysregulation mediates the relationship between trauma type and PTSD symptoms in a diverse trauma-exposed clinical sample

Abstract Background Research has explored the influence of trauma type on emotion dysregulation and the role of emotion dysregulation in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it remains unclear whether trauma types differentially impact emotion dysregulation, and whether this in turn contributes to elevated PTSD. The current study tested whether trauma type is related to PTSD symptoms via emotion dysregulation. Methods Trauma-exposed community members (n = 209) completed a semi-structured clinical interview and self-reported on emotion regulation, trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, and negative affect. Results Interpersonal trauma, sexual assault in particular, is associated with greater emotion dysregulation. Furthermore, emotion dysregulation mediates the effects of trauma type on PTSD symptoms for sexual assault but not other trauma types, and effects remained significant after covarying for negative affectivity. More recent and chronic trauma was not associated with greater emotion dysregulation. Conclusions This study underscores the importance of emotion dysregulation in PTSD development and maintenance. Findings may be used for the development of interventions targeting emotion regulation as a malleable risk factor for PTSD, especially for sexual assault victims.
Surgical Management of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Congenital heart disease is the most common birth defect. The most common severe form of congenital heart disease is hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), affecting almost 1000 US births per year. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is defined by underdevelopment of the left side of the heart and obstruction to systemic outflow. This consists of mitral stenosis or atresia, a non-apex-forming hypoplastic left ventricle, aortic stenosis or atresia, a hypoplastic ascending and arch aorta, coarctation of the aorta, and a patent ductus arteriosus.
Analysis of 2015 Meteorological Data from the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory and Kesselring Site Operations Facilities

Both the Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) in Schenectady, N.Y. and the Kesselring Site Operations (KSO) facility near Ballston Spa, N.Y. are required to estimate the effects of hypothetical emissions of radiological material from their respective facilities by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), which regulates both sites. An atmospheric dispersion model known as CAP88, which was developed and approved by the EPA for such purposes, is used by KAPL and KSO to meet this requirement. CAP88 calculations over a given time period are based on statistical data on the meteorological conditions for that period. Both KAPL and KSO have on-site meteorological towers which take atmospheric measurements at a frequency ideal for EPA regulatory model input. However, an independent analysis and processing of the meteorological data from each tower is required to derive a data set appropriate for use in the CAP88 model. The National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center (NARAC) was contracted to process the meteorological tower data for the 2015 calendar year from both on-site meteorological towers.
Resistance in Beta vulgaris L. subsp. maritima (L.) Thell. to the Rz1-breaking strain of rhizomania

Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and transmitted by Polymyxa betae, is considered the most important disease of sugar beet and has spread to almost all production areas of the world. The most efficient way to control this soil-borne disease is through the cultivation of rhizomania-resistant varieties, which has proven successful since the 1980s. In the 2002–2003 season, sugar beet fields in the Imperial Valley, California, planted with a resistant commercial variety were observed with severe rhizomania symptoms suggesting resistance conferred by the most widely deployed gene, Rz1, was compromised. BNYVV isolates were identified to which all resistant check varieties became infected and tested positive for the virus (RB-BNYVV, Rz1-resistance breaking strain of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus). For continuing development of BNYVV and RB-BNYVV resistant germplasm, a highly important reservoir of resistance factors is the Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima (BVM) accession collection. We evaluated 404 BVM accessions under BNYVV and RB-BNYVV field and greenhouse conditions to identify and select rhizomania resistant accessions useful for sugar beet germplasm improvement. Accessions from Denmark, Ireland, and Portugal showed the highest level of rhizomania resistance as characterized by foliar yellowing due to rhizomania, rhizomania disease index, and percent resistant beets. The low bolting tendency of Denmark and Ireland accessions suggest these for pre-breeding donor material.
Cadmium: a new risk factor for endometrial cancer?

Cadmium is a toxic, bioaccumulating, non-essential, and highly persistent metal, making up 0.1 parts per million (ppm) of the Earth’s crust, with ubiquitous exposure to the population [1]. No signi...
Will Business Do Anything for Money?: Carrot Mobs and Sustainabilty in Small Businesses

Carrot mobs are a form of direct consumer activism designed to incentivize business to implement sustainability measures. This paper discusses the collection of data on completed carrot mobs and reviews the data to determine whether carrot mobs are an effective tool for fostering sustainability efforts in small businesses. The research addresses the broad topic of methods for influencing business behavior toward sustainability. Its focus is on examining methods for driving sustainability efforts in small businesses and examining the carrot mob as a tool for building proactive consumer networks that retain cohesion over time.