cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract Modular Symbols

In this chapter, we introduce the fundamental notion of modular symbols with values in a system of coefficients V , an abelian group with an action of a submonoid of \(\mathrm {GL}_2(\mathbb {Q})\). Modular symbols will be used throughout the rest of this book, with increasingly sophisticated systems of coefficients V —first in the next chapter, Chap. 5, with V being a symmetric power of the standard representation of GL2, and then in the subsequent chapters, with V being various spaces of modules of distributions. Modular symbols with this kind of coefficients have strong connections respectively with classical modular forms, and with families of p-adic modular forms and their p-adic L-functions.
Integrative computational immunogenomic profiling of cortisol-secreting adrenocortical carcinoma

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare but highly aggressive malignancy. Nearly half of ACC tumours overproduce and secrete adrenal steroids. Excess cortisol secretion, in particular, has been associated with poor prognosis among ACC patients. Furthermore, recent immunotherapy clinical trials have demonstrated significant immunoresistance among cortisol-secreting ACC (CS-ACC) patients when compared to their non-cortisol-secreting (nonCS-ACC) counterparts. The immunosuppressive role of excess glucocorticoid therapies and hypersecretion is known; however, the impact of the cortisol hypersecretion on ACC tumour microenvironment (TME), immune expression profiles and immune cell responses remain largely undefined. In this study, we characterized the TME of ACC patients and compared the immunogenomic profiles of nonCS-ACC and CS-ACC tumours to assess the impact of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by utilizing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Immunogenomic comparison (CS- vs. nonCS-ACC tumour TMEs) demonstrated an immunosuppressive expression profile with a direct impact on patient survival. We identified several primary prognostic indicators and potential targets within ACC tumour immune landscape. Differentially expressed immune genes with prognostic significance provide additional insight into the understanding of potential contributory mechanisms underlying failure of initial immunotherapeutic trials and poor prognosis of patients with CS-ACC.
Long term evolution (LTE) : An IPv6 perspective

The main characteristic of 4th Generation (4G) Networks is being based on all IP architecture, operating mainly on IPv6. This includes services such as voice, video, and messaging. LTE is considered to be a 3rd Generation (3G) network and one of 4th Generation (4G) roadmap mobile access technologies. LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), on the other hand, is a 4G technology concept with evolving features. Therefore LTE is the key feature in the understanding of LTE-A evolution. The main focus of LTE is the enhancement of the packet-switched (PS) mechanisms on top of the UMTS enhancements, based on All IP Network (AIPN). IPv6 networking provides maximum service delivery flexibility, user decoupling, and scalability improvements, while leveraging the existing IETF standards. This requires major focus on network simplification, end-to-end delay reductions, optimal traffic routing, seamless mobility, and IP-based transport provisioning. This chapter aims to present a survey and highlight specific IPv6-based features presented mostly in the 3GPP standard literature, and to provide a high-level discussion on the LTE-IPv6 requirements.
Medicine, rationality, and experience: How medicine constructs its objects

In a discussion among several second year Harvard medical students in which I was participating, one young woman described how she felt her medical education was changing her. Medical school is really weird. It is a forced emotional experience. We handle cadavers, have feces lab where we examine our own feces, go to [a mental hospital where we get locked up] with screaming patients. These are total experiences, like an occult thing or boot camp. … it's not just an extension of college. College was also a total experience, but you could get by with less direct engagement, and still learn things. Here you have to interact with the information. When you dissect a brain you have to interact with these things and with your own feelings. Look at what you're playing with. I feel like I'm changing my brain every day, molding it in a specific way – a very specific way. How medical students learn medicine, how they “change their brains every day,” how they “interact with their information,” offers insight into the highly specialized world of American clinical medicine. Analysis of this process will serve as entree to a set of claims about the relation of culture, illness, and medical knowledge which I want to develop in the remaining chapters of this book. I begin with a discussion of how medicine constructs the “objects” to which clinicians attend, arguing that medicine formulates the human body and disease in a culturally distinctive fashion , using students' descriptions of how they learn and how they change as a basis for insight into this process.
A Dance Approach to Education

(1949). A Dance Approach to Education. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation: Vol. 20, No. 10, pp. 640-689.
Braid groups: A survey

The terms “braid” and “braid groups” were coined by Artin, 1925. In his paper, an n-braid appears as a specific topological object. We consider two parallel planes in euclidean 3-space which we call respectively the upper and the lower frame. We choose n distinct points U v (v = 1, ..., n) in the upper frame and denote their orthogonal projections onto the lower frame by L v . Next, we join each U v with an L μ by a polygon which intersects any plane between (and parallel to) the upper and lower frame exactly once. These polygons are called strings. We assume that they do not intersect anywhere, and that v → μ(v) is a permutation of the symbols 1, ..., n. By removing the strings from the slice of 3-space between upper and lower frame, we obtain an open subset of 3-space the isotopy class of which we call an n-braid. We define a composition between n-braids by hanging on one n braid to the other one. (This can be done by identifying the upper frame of the second braid with the lower frame of the first one, removing these two frames and compressing the slice of 3-space between the first upper and the second lower frame by an affine transformation to the same thickness as before.) Under this composition, the n-braids form a group B n which has n − 1 generators σ v . These are represented respectively by braids which have a projection onto a plane perpendicular to the frames in which the v-th and (v+l)-st string seem to cross once whereas all other strings go straight through as line segments orthogonal to both frames. The braid represented by n strings which go straight through is the representative of the unit element of B n . (Figure 1 shows a representative of the particular 3-braid σ1σ 2 −1 σ1σ 2 −1 .) Of course, this rather vague definition of B n can be made rigorous. See Artin 1947a, Burde 1963.
Client Satisfaction with Crisis Outreach Services: The Development of an Index

ABSTRACT In this study we developed an instrument to measure client satisfaction with crisis services-the Client Crisis Satisfaction Index (CCSI). The index is designed to capture the unique aspects of service delivery to survivors of natural disasters. The reliability and factor structure of the index were tested on a sample of 90 survivors of the Great Flood of 1993. Seven domains were tested: Appropriateness of services, availability of services, clarity of services, timing of services, dignified treatment, impact of services and skillfulness of worker. The analyses produced a five factor structure that was conceptually similar to the original seven domains. The index has excellent reliability and the factors appear uni-dimensional. The CCSI captures the importance aspects of service provision and the unique needs of disaster survivors. It is recommended as an overall measure of client satisfaction with crisis services.
Ligand-stabilized Conformations in Serum Albumin

Abstract Interaction of human serum albumin with anionic azo dyes decreases the susceptibility of the former to hydrolytic attack by five different proteases. By using methyl orange as the ligand, it is shown that the occupation of the two strong binding sites by the dye is necessary and sufficient for this effect. Different ligands decrease the digestibility of albumin to different extents when tested with the same protease. The pattern of digestion, studied by electrophoresis and gel filtration, also exhibits differences which are characteristic for the ligand used. Thus, methyl orange greatly reduces the yield of the 51,000 mol wt fragment, which regularly appears in the course of tryptic digestion in the absence of ligand. In addition, the relative quantities of the smaller fragments obtained vary with the ligand used in a characteristic manner. Analysis of the kinetics of digestion in the presence and absence of ligand suggests that the major effect of ligand is to increase the stability or to decrease the availability of hydrolyzable bonds, with little alteration of the stability of the enzyme-substrate complex. It is concluded that the conformations stabilized by ligands are different from each other and are characteristic for the ligand.
Directional median filtering for regional‐residual separation of bathymetry

[1] We present a new spatial filter designed to separate short-length-scale bathymetric features from regional bathymetry. The directional median (DiM) filter divides a given filter circle into N “bow tie” sectors, allocates data points inside the filter circle to each sector based on their relative position within the circle, estimates a median for each sector, and returns the lowest of these N medians. This approach prevents DiM filtering from choosing the biased medians near the features on a sloping regional trend, which is a serious artifact of standard median filtering. As the bathymetry comprises diverse length-scale features, the separated results vary with the choice of filter width. Such variations are spatially distributed. Using a finite range of filter widths, we evaluate the spatial distribution of variations in the DiM-based separation by estimating their median absolute deviation (MAD) at each data point. The distribution of MAD values is indicative of uncertainties inherent in the separation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of DiM filtering with both synthetic and actual bathymetric data.
Introduction to ‘Retributivism: Essays on Theory and Policy’

Retributivism – broadly defined as the view that punishment is justified and motivated by considerations of justice, rights, and desert, rather than by personal or societal consequences – holds a long-standing yet controversial position in legal and political philosophy. Critics deride it as inhumane, backward looking, and dogmatic, a perverse rationalization of vicious sentiments such as revenge and hatred. Supporters argue that it alone respects the demands of justice, maintains the balance between sacrifices made by all citizens, and acknowledges the inherent dignity and equality of all rational persons. The contemporary debate over retributivist punishment has become particularly vibrant in recent years, focusing increasingly on its political and economic, as well as philosophical and practical, aspects. This volume offers innovative perspectives on this debate from twelve prominent scholars that, in the hopes of the editor, will further the discussion of the theory and practice of retributive punishment and promote new areas of expansion for its study.
Light stops and observation of supersymmetry at LHC run II

Light stops consistent with the Higgs boson mass of $\ensuremath{\sim}126\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ are investigated within the framework of minimal supergravity. It is shown that models with light stops which are also consistent with the thermal relic density constraints require stop coannihilation with the neutralino LSP. The analysis shows that the residual set of parameter points with light stops satisfying both the Higgs mass and the relic density constraints lie within a series of thin strips in the ${m}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{m}_{1/2}$ plane for different values of ${A}_{0}/{m}_{0}$. Consequently, this region of minimal supergravity parameter space makes a number of very precise predictions. It is found that light stops of mass down to 400 GeV or lower can exist consistent with all constraints. A signal analysis for this class of models at LHC run II is carried out and the dominant signals for their detection identified. Also computed is the minimum integrated luminosity for $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ discovery of the models analyzed. If supersymmetry is realized in this manner, the stop masses can be as low as 400 GeV or lower, and the mass gap between the lightest neutralino and lightest stop will be approximately 30--40 GeV. We have optimized the ATLAS signal regions specifically for stop searches in the parameter space and find that a stop with mass $\ensuremath{\sim}375\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ can be discovered with as little as $\ensuremath{\sim}60\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of integrated luminosity at run II of the LHC; the integrated luminosity needed for discovery could be further reduced with more efficient signature analyses. The direct detection of dark matter in this class of models is also discussed. It is found that dark matter cross sections lie close to, but above, coherent neutrino scattering and would require multiton detectors such as LZ to see a signal of dark matter for this class of models.
Interconnect lifetime prediction under dynamic stress for reliability-aware design

Thermal effects are becoming a limiting factor in high-performance circuit design due to the strong temperature-dependence of leakage power, circuit performance, IC package cost and reliability. While many interconnect reliability models assume a constant temperature, this paper presents a physics-based model for estimating interconnect lifetime for any time-varying temperature/current profile. This model is verified with numerical solutions. With this model, we show that designers may be more aggressive with the temperature profiles that are allowed on a chip. In fact, our model reveals that when the temperature magnitude variation is small, average temperature (instead of worst-case temperature) can be used to accurately predict interconnect lifetime, allowing for significant design margin reclamation in reliability-aware design. Even when the variation of temperature magnitude is large, our model shows that using the maximum temperature is still too conservative for interconnect lifetime prediction. Therefore, our model not only increases the accuracy of reliability estimates, but also enables designers to consider more aggressive designs. This model is similarly useful for temperature-aware dynamic runtime management.
The European timeshare market: The growth, development, regulation and economic benefits of one of tourism's most successful sectors

Abstract Timeshare is now a world-wide business and is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the holiday industry. The concept of timeshare — the purchase of the right to use a specific holiday property for a given period every year — is itself an attractive one. When coupled with the concept of exchange — the service which allows timeshare owners to swap the holiday weeks they own for different weeks in alternative properties all around the world, giving timeshare owners complete flexibility in their holiday choices — the concept has become highly successful. The significance and impact of timeshare is recognized by the World Tourism Organisation, the European Commission and many national tourist authorities. This report examines the growth within the key European markets for timeshare, considers the trends in the industry, its impact and the regulation of its activities. It draws conclusions, based on the business experience of RCI Europe, the leading timeshare exchange company, and its developer partners and on the findings of independent research studies.
Absorption and Biotransformation of Cholecalciferol in Drug-Induced Osteomalacia

The gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin D3 and its biotransformation to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was studied in patients with drug-induced osteomalacia. The mean coefficient of absorption was virtually identical in the drug-treated group (82.8%) and the control (83.8%). The biotransformation of vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was significantly accelerated (P less than 0.03) in the drug-treated group compared to the control group. These data suggest that vitamin D absorption is not significantly altered but that biotransformation of vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is accelerated in drug-induced osteomalacia.
Drag reduction by polymer solutions in a riblet-lined pipe

The flow of 3 to 100 wppm aqueous solutions of a polyethyleneoxide polymer,Mw=6.2×;106, was studied in a 10.2 mm i.d. pipe lined with 0.15 mm V-groove riblets, at diametral Reynolds numbers from 300 to 150000. Measurements in the riblet pipe were accompanied by simultaneous measurements in a smooth pipe of the same diameter placed in tandem. The chosen conditions provided turbulent drag reductions from zero to the asymptotic maximum possible. The onset of polymer-induced drag reduction in the riblet pipe occurred at the same wall shear stress, τ* w =0.65 N/m2, as that in the smooth pipe. After onset, the polymer solutions in the riblet pipe initially exhibited linear segments on Prandtl-Karman coordinates, akin to those seen in the smooth pipe, with specific slope increment\(\delta /\sqrt c = 6\). The maximum drag reduction observed in the riblet pipe was independent of polymer concentration and well below the asymptotic maximum drag reduction observed in the smooth pipe. Polymer solution flows in the riblet pipe exhibited three regimes: (i) Hydraulically smooth, in which riblets induced no drag reduction, amid varying, and considerable, polymer-induced drag reduction; this regime extended to non-dimensional riblet heightsh+ 0; this regime extended from 5 70, and was observed in all polymer solutions at highh+, the more so as polymer-induced drag reduction increased, withR′ 8. The greatest drag enhancement in polymer solutions,R′=−7±1 ath+=55 whereS′=20, considerably exceeded that in solvent. Three-dimensional representations of riblet- and polymer-induced drag reductions versus turbulent flow parameters revealed a hitherto unknown “dome” region, 8<h+<31, 0<S′<10, 0<R′<1.5, containing a broad maximum at (h+,S′,R′) = (18, 5, 1.5). The existence of a dome was physically interpreted to suggest that riblets and polymers reduce drag by separate mechanisms.
KDD-2002 workshop report fractals and self-similarity in data mining: issue and approaches

In this report we provide a summary of the first workshop on application of self-similarity and fractals in data mining: issues and approaches held in conjunction with ACM SIGKDD 2002, July 23 at Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
In vitro effects of matrix peptides on a cultured dermal-epidermal skin substitute☆

Abstract Composite dermal-epidermal skin substitutes rely on a firm attachment of human keratinocytes (HK) to the dermal substrate for graft survival on the wound. An in vitro study was performed assessing whether the addition of matrix peptides to the dermal substrate effected the epithelial thickness. Cultured grafts were made by attaching HK to the external surface of a collagen-chondroitin 6-sulfate (GAG) membrane and inoculating human fibroblasts (HF) internally. If the matrix peptide (RGD Peptide) was added to the collagen-GAG membrane prior to placement of the HK and HF, the resultant epithelial layer at the end of the normal 4-day culture period was significantly thicker (19.7 ± 0.9 μm versus 13.5 ± 1.0 μm). Subjectively, the HF content was also greater on the peptide-treated grafts. When HF were not placed on the cultured graft, i.e., only collagen-GAG membrane, RGD peptide, and HK, the resultant epithelial thickness was even greater (28.3 ± 1.0 μm). These data suggest that addition of matrix peptides, which increase cell attachment to the dermal substrate, may prove effective in the improvement of this cultured composite dermal-epidermal skin substitute.
SU-C-224-08: The Calibration Accuracy of an Electromagnetic Tracking System to Radiation Isocenter

Purpose: To quantify the calibration accuracy of the Calypso System to radiation isocenter on systems at multiple sites. This data is being gathered under clinical conditions and will be used to refine margins used for treatment planning.Method: The electromagnetictracking system is calibrated to isocenter with the manufacturers recommended technique, using laser‐based alignment. A test patient is created with a transponder at isocenter whose position is measured electromagnetically. Four portal images of the transponder are taken with collimator rotations of 45°, 135°, 225°, and 315°, at each of four gantry angles (0°,90°,180°,270°) with a 3×6 cm2 radiation field. In each image, the center of the copper‐wrapped iron core of the transponder is identified. All measurements are made relative to this transponder position to remove gantry and imager sag effects. For each of the 16 images, the 50% collimation edges are identified and used to find a ray representing the rotational axis of each collimation edge. The 16 rays pass through and bound the radiation isocenter volume. The center of the bounded region, relative to the transponder, is calculated and then transformed to tracking system coordinates using the transponder position coordinates, allowing the tracking systemscalibration offset from radiation isocenter to be found. All image analysis and calculations are automated with in‐house software for user‐independent accuracy. Three different Calypso Systems at two different sites are being used for this study. Results: Two sets of data have been collected and analyzed to date. The positions of RF isocenter were found to be (LR,AP,SI)=(0.51,0.22,1.02)mm and (0.97,0.12,–0.77)mm, relative to radiation isocenter. The distances between radiation and RF isocenter were 1.16 and 1.24 mm. Conclusions: This method allows the calibration accuracy of the Calypso System to radiation isocenter to be determined. Preliminary results indicate an accuracy of about 1.2 mm. Supported in part by NIH grant P01‐CA59827
Vector- and tensor-meson production and the Pomeron-f identity hypothesis.

Within the context of a model introduced some time ago, the differential and total production cross sections for vector and tensor mesons are shown to be compatible with the hypothesis that the Pomeron and f are a single Regge trajectory. The model incorporates both cylinder and flavoring renormalizations of the Pomeron-f trajectory. The processes ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${K}^{\mathrm{*}}$${(892)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$p, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$p \ensuremath{\rightarrow}${K}_{2}^{\mathrm{*}}$${(1430)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$p, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${A}_{2}$${(1320)}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$p are analyzed in some detail.
Language disorders in preschool children: Predictors of outcome — A preliminary report —

Child neurologists are often asked to evaluate young children who have failed to develop speech despite adequate hearing and skills for non-verbal tasks. At our center, in addition to a standard neurologic evaluation, hearing test, and EEG, we obtain videotape recordings of the child and his mother in play interaction. These observations enable us to assess the child's non-verbal communicative abilities, his affect, his ability to utilize toys symbolically and creatively, and his attention span. Approximately 20 preschool children who were non-verbal or had very limited speech at entry into our study are being followed longitudinally. Readily observable aspects of language and behavior were scored by reviewing the serial videotapes obtained over a 2-year period. Predictors of outcome that do not require detailed linguistic analysis of the child's utterances are tentatively identified and discussed.
New chelation clean process for removing gallium from the focused-ion-beam repaired mask

Repairing mask defects with Focused Ion Beam (FIB) of gallium often results in a gallium-implanted area due to scan. This implanted layer reduces the light transmission by up to 10 ~ 30 percent, depending on the wavelength. This effect of localized transmission loss becomes printable at the extremes of focus-energy matrix of wafer printing. The existing methods for the gallium removal give rise to quartz damage, side-etching or critical dimension (CD) variation. We propose a mild and new gallium-removing clean process. This process is based on the concept of gallium chelation with designed water-soluble polymers attached with several ligands for chelation. After our CHP1011 post-treatment, from 193nm MSM (Microlithography Simulation Microscope) analysis, the intensity of the scanned area can increase from 88% to 97%. The CHP1011 treatment can enhance the intensity of the repair area by 20% and CD by 15% from 193nm MSM simulation.
Not All Worlds Are Stages

The stage theory is a four-dimensional account of persistence motivatedby the worm theory's inability to account for our intuitions in thecases involving coinciding objects. Like the worm theory, it claimsthat there are objects spread out in time, but unlike the worm theory,it argues that these spacetime worms are not familiar particulars liketables and chairs. Rather, familiar particulars are the instantaneoustemporal slices of worms. In order to explain our intuitions that particulars persist for more than an instant, the stage theory drawson the counterpart theory of modal possibilism, which it is supposedto parallel. In this paper I show how the stage theory presupposes thattime can be divided into instants, which I call the atomistic view oftime. I do this by laying out an alternative theory of the nature oftime, the gunky view, and show that if time is gunky the stage theorycollapses into the worm theory. The deeper problem is that the merepossibility of gunky time would cause the stage theory's parallels topossibilism to break down. I therefore conclude that the stage theoryis committed to the view that time is necessarily atomistic. Finally,in the last section I argue that the fact that the stage theory rulesout a priori the possibility of time being gunky gives us reason toreject it as an account of persistence.
A randomized trial of amitriptyline and mexiletine for painful neuropathy in HIV infection

Background: Painful sensory neuropathy is a common complication of HIV infection. Based on prior uncontrolled observations, we hypothesized that amitriptyline or mexiletine would improve the pain symptoms. Method: A randomized, double-blind, 10-week trial of 145 patients assigned equally to amitriptyline, mexiletine, or matching placebo. The primary outcome measure was the change in pain intensity between baseline and the final visit. Results: The improvement in amitriptyline group (0.31 ± 0.31 units [mean ± SD]) and mexiletine group (0.23 ± 0.41) was not significantly different from placebo (0.20 ± 0.30). Both interventions were generally well tolerated. Conclusions: Neither amitriptyline nor mexiletine provide significant pain relief in patients with HIV-associated painful sensory neuropathy.
Roentgen Evaluation of Small-Bowel Obstruction

Roentgen examination represents the primary diagnostic modality for evaluating the small bowel in patients with suspected obstruction. Satisfactory examination includes plain films of the abdomen and, often, examination using intraluminal contrast medium. Our purpose in this report is to provide the reader with useful information and guidelines relevant to optimal roentgen evaluation of patients with suspected obstruction of the small intestine.
Preparation of photoactive ZnGeP2 nanowire films

Photoactive ZnGeP2 nanowires have been prepared by solid-source sublimation chemical vapor deposition using Sn catalysts. Nanowire films with areas >0.5 cm2 on Si(100) and Si(111) substrates were deposited with variable nanowire length and diameter. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning TEM (STEM), and polarized Raman microscopy indicated nanowires exhibited single-crystal character and compositional homogeneity. Photoelectrochemical measurements performed in an aqueous electrolyte indicated the as-prepared ZnGeP2 nanowires were p-type and capable of passing sustained cathodic photocurrents under white light illumination. The presented results identify a straight-forward approach to the preparation of II–IV–V2 nanowire films with features suitable for optical and photoelectrochemical energy conversion/storage applications.
Intellectual property rights and developing country agriculture

Abstract Theoretical studies indicate that the welfare of the developing countries might either be improved or damaged by the strengthening of their own intellectual property rights. Net gains through their agricultural sectors will be positive if the payoff from new innovations is sufficiently different as compared to the technology-exporting countries. Scattered evidence supports the hypotheses that agricultural R&D is responsive to IPRs in developing countries, but there is also evidence that developed-country technology is sufficiently appropriate for developing countries as to offer substantial free-rider gains. However, without IPRs it seems unlikely that the agricultural productivity rates in developing countries can begin to catch up with those in developed country agriculture.
Dynamic process modelling using Petri nets with applications to nuclear power plant emergency management

Complex information systems are difficult to model and expensive to build. Numerous process modelling methodologies, such as action workflow, data flow diagrams, decision trees, entity relationship diagrams, process maps, role activity diagrams and role interaction nets, have been developed to provide high level abstraction of a system. Despite their huge popularity, these methodologies cannot depict and verify the dynamic requirements of a system. In this study, we use Petri Nets (PNs) for dynamic process modelling of the emergency management system at a nuclear power plant. Decision trees used prior to PNs at the plant were inadequate for modelling complex emergency processes exhibiting sequential execution, conflict, concurrency, synchronisation, merging, confusion, or prioritisation. PNs with their graphical and precise nature and their firm mathematical foundation are especially useful in reducing the number of false evacuations at the plant.
On Creating a Space: An Interview with Parker Palmer:

Increasingly, social work educators introduce the thoughts of Parker Palmer into their discussions of teaching methodology, course content, and the occupation of teaching. While not himself a socia...
What Performance Technologists Should Know About Public Education: Implications for Professional Development and Training

Performance Technologists view discrepancies in human performance as products of the system (the set of interrelated components that work together to achieve a common purpose). Before designing, developing, implementing, or evaluating an intervention, Performance Technologists first identify and analyze all relevant aspects of the system. Consequently, to make significant and lasting improvements to public education, Performance Technologists must have knowledge of essential educational system elements and their interrelationships. This paper is divided into two parts. Part One specifies ten essential components of an educational system within the context of; the family and community, the public schools, business and industry, government agencies, and institutes of higher education. It describes the function of each component and examines related trends and issues, illustrating both the complexity and necessity of approaching educational improvement from a systemic perspective. Part Two discusses the implications of the systemic perspective for the professional development and training of Performance Technologists. Together, both parts provide a model for organizing and applying information related to key contextual factors in public schools for those interested in preparing PTs for work in K-12 education.
Raman Q‐branch line shapes as a test of the H2–Ar intermolecular potential

Using an intermolecular potential determined from spectra of van der Waals complexes [R. J. Le Roy and J. M. Hutson, J. Chem. Phys. 86, 837 (1987)] and accurate close coupling scattering matrices, line‐shape cross sections were calculated for vibrational Raman Q‐branch spectra of H2 and D2 in Ar to compare with recent experimental values. While predicted room temperature linewidths are in moderate (≊25%) agreement with experiment, predicted line shifts are small by nearly a factor of 2. The calculations show a strong collision speed dependence in the shift cross sections, in qualitative if not quantitative accord with the model developed by R. L. Farrow et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 746 (1989)] to explain their H2 data. However, the calculations predict a strong temperature dependence in the linewidth cross sections as well, whereas the data show little variation between room temperature and 1000 K. It is suggested that these discrepancies point to inadequacies in the vibrational dependence of the intermolecular potential at close intermolecular separations (approximately 2.8 to 3.1 A).
The interview process and beyond

Purpose – This column is designed to address library personnel issues. This particular installment seeks to discuss preparation for interviews, the interview process, and appropriate follow‐up actions after an interview.Design/methodology/approach – The column is based on the author's substantial experience dealing with personnel matters in academic, public, and special libraries, including hiring for all types of positions. It is personal opinion, based on lengthy experience.Findings – The column is intended to help people to deal with all types of personnel issues overall; this specific column is intended to assist people in the process of searching for and interviewing for a professional position.Originality/value – The column is intended to assist people with personnel issues in general, and specifically, in this instance, with finding and securing a professional position.
Computational concepts in IT: a new approach to IT mathematics

Mathematics has always been extensively included in computing curricula. The latest draft of IT Volume recommends a fair amount of mathematics as well. Our question has never been whether mathematics should be taught in computing disciplines; but rather, how to teach mathematical topics effectively so as to provide this crucial foundation for our IT majors. In many cases, mathematics courses provided by institutions are taught by mathematics faculty from a pure mathematical view point. The burden of discovering and making connections between mathematics and IT concepts has fallen mainly to the students. Unfortunately most of the entering IT students lack both the maturity and foresight to see the connection between their core IT courses and the mathematical co-requisites. Consequently, many students become disengaged and regard the study of mathematics as irrelevant or even torturous. In our institution, we were given the opportunity to revamp the IT curriculum based on SIGITE's recommendations. Here we have proposed a new freshman-level course introducing computational concepts with applications based on relevant mathematical topics. Before introducing them, the applications to computing are cited and discussed. Early on in the course, students are taught basic logic for programming, number systems and data representations relating to computing. The students then progress through modulus arithmetic for encryption, different algorithms used in error detection and data compression, and end with probability and statistics of AI. This paper will discuss the process and rationale of topics gatherings, content building, student surveys before and after, as well as thoughts on innovations and pitfalls.
“Who cares about elegance?” The role of aesthetics in programming language design

The crucial role played by aesthetics in programming language design and the importance of elegance in programming languages are defended on the basis of analogies with structural engineering, as presented in Billington's The Tower and the Bridge.
Cyclosporin A-related cerebral vasculopathy

The use of cyclosporin A has been associated with several side-effects, including neurotoxicity. The mechanism of toxicity is not well known. We report two patients treated with cyclosporin A who developed lesions in the cerebral white matter associated with abnormally elevated cerebral blood flow velocities on transcranial doppler ultrasound and abnormal vascular appearance on magnetic resonance angiography. Bone Marrow Transplantation (2000) 26, 801–804.
Sub-optimal on–off switching control strategies for chilled water cooling systems with storage

Abstract A dynamic model of vapour compression refrigeration system is developed. The overall model consists of the following basic components: a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, an evaporator, an evaporative cooler and a cool storage. The integrated system is referred to as chilled water cooling system with storage (CWCS). The mathematical modelling of the CWC system undertaken in this study predicts the change in state of refrigerant in the system with respect to time. A computer program is developed to solve the dynamic equations along with empirical correlations describing refrigerant properties. Open-loop tests are carried out to study the performance characteristics of the system under varied cooling load and compressor speed. The model is intended to serve as an analytical design tool and to provide a basis for control analysis. Based on a heuristic method, ‘sub-optimal on–off control’ strategies for the chilled water cool storage system are developed using a reduced order model. The methodology of generating such control profiles is illustrated and the tests for optimality show that the control profiles are near optimal. The on–off control scheme is simulated on the full order CWC system. The operating performance of the system is described under several simulated cases. The results show that the control scheme is capable of maintaining the chilled water temperature in the chosen range.
Diffusion and Rheology of Binary Polymer Mixtures

This work studies the diffusion and rheological behavior of binary mixtures (of long and short chains) based on 1,4-polybutadiene over the full composition range as a function of both long and short chain lengths using pulse-gradient NMR spin echo and oscillatory shear measurements. The first set of rheological and diffusion measurements reveals that the terminal relaxation rate 1/τd and self-diffusion coefficient Ds of the long chains both decrease systematically with increasing short chain length NS and with the weight fraction φ of the long chain in the mixtures. The second set of data indicates that the short chain's diffusion coefficient Ds decreases with increasing φ, leading to insightful comparison between the self-diffusion coefficient Ds at φ = 0 and trace diffusion coefficient Dtr in the limit of φ = 1.0: Dtr recovers the asymptotic molecular weight scaling of M-2.0, whereas Ds scales nonideally as M-2.4 due to the considerable constraint release effect in the explored range of molecular weigh...
Prenatal terbutaline treatment: Tissue-selective dissociation of perinatal changes in ß-adrenergic receptor binding from regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

Abstract The role of prenatal s-receptor stimulation in development of adrenergic reactivity was examined by administering the s-agonist, terbutaline, to pregnant rats on gestational days 17, 18 and 19. On gestational day 20, liver membrane s-receptor binding capabilities showed the depression characteristic of down-regulation, but heart and kidney receptor binding were essentially normal. Basal adenylate cyclase activity in the fetal liver membrane preparation was uncharged by terbutaline exposure and enzymatic reactivity to s-adrenergic stimulation showed only a slight lowering; forskolin stimulation, however, was markedly increased in the terbutaline group. By postnatal day 2, receptor binding had returned to normal in the liver and remained at control levels in the other two tissues. Responsivity of adenylate cyclase to s-receptor stimulation was markedly elevated in heart and kidney membranes; the effect represented an alteration at the level of the cyclase itself, rather than the receptor, since both basal activity and forskolin stimulation of the enzyme showed equivalent enhancement. These data thus suggest that early s-adrenergic stimulation promotes cellular reactivity by fostering the development of membrane transduction mechanisms, rather than through effects on the receptor ligand binding site per se .
An evaluation of the methods to determine the cooling rates of iron meteorites

Abstract A numerical model using the most recent phase diagram and diffusion coefficients was developed to simulate the growth of Widmanstatten pattern in iron meteorites, to study the effect of impingement on the determination of metallographic cooling rates and to compare the three available techniques for the determination of metallographic cooling rates (taenhe central Ni content method, the profile-matching method and the kamacite bandwidth method). The iron meteorites used in this study were Toluca (group IA, 8.14 wt% Ni, 0.16 wt% P), Tazewell (group IIID, 16.9 wt% Ni, 0.3 wt% P) and Bristol (group IVA, 8.0 wt% Ni, 0.05 wt% P). The tacnite central Ni content method gave the slowest cooling rates and the bandwidth method gave the fastest cooling rates. For Tazewell and Toluca, the taenite central Ni method and the profile-matching method gave very similar cooling rates. Impingement effects have a significant influence on the value of the measured cooling rate. The bandwidth method does not consider impingement and hence cannot be used for cooling rate measurements. Thus only the taenite central Ni content method and the profile-matching method should be used in the determination of cooling rates. The estimated cooling rates for Tazewell, Toluca and Bristol arc 10°C/Myr 25°C/Myr and 150–300°C/Myr, respectively. The cooling rates obtained in this study are lower by a factor of 50 to 100 than those of Narayan and Goldstein, who used the bandwidth method, and greater by a factor of 5 compared to older cooling rates (1–10°C/Myr).
Competitive extraction of lanthanides by solvent extraction using Cyanex 272: Analysis, classification and mechanism

Abstract The competitive simultaneous extraction and separation of 14 lanthanide elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) from perchloric acid aqueous solution by solvent extraction using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) as an extractant was studied. The effect of different parameters such as aqueous phase equilibrium pH and Cyanex 272 concentration in the organic phase on the extraction/separation behavior was investigated. From the experimental data a suitable cation exchange mechanism has been proposed. Dependencies of log D versus pH and log D versus log [Cyanex 272] and the cation exchange mechanism were analyzed and the proposed mechanism validated. Mathematical models (2D and 3D) were developed to correlate metal extractability. Hierarchical cluster analysis reveals the existence of (dis)similarity among elements in the series. Statistical cluster analysis divides the series into four different groups within the broad grouping of light and heavy lanthanides. An interesting diagonal relationship with consecutive elements was observed.
The response of isolated rat diaphragm to thyroxine in vitro.

ALTHOUGH a number of tissues taken from thyroxine-treated animals have been shown to use oxygen at an elevated rate (1, 2, 3), evidence on the metabolic response of isolated tissues to thyroxine in vitro remains inconclusive (1, 3, 4). Since there is a delay of a few hours before a measurable response occurs even when thyroxine is administered in vivo (2, 5), it seems probable that isolated tissues would require a similar interval before responding to thyroxine in vitro. However, because many investigators concluded their experiments after one or two hours, they may have missed the effect they sought. In this study, two methods were used in an attempt to obviate thyroxine's latent period: 1) isolated tissues were allowed to remain in contact with thyroxine for as long as 8 hours, and 2) tissues were “primed” by pretreating the donor animals with a single large dose of thyroxine 20 hours prior to removal of the tissue.
Seven independence concepts and continuous multiattribute utility functions

Abstract This paper examines seven independence concepts based on a preference relation on the set of simple probability measures defined on a set of multiattribute consequences. Three of the independence relations involve gambles and the other four are based on riskless preferences over the n -tuples in the consequence set. The main theorems state conditions under which one or more of the risky independence relations can be derived from a riskless independence relation in conjunction with other conditions. The other conditions include a risky independence condition which differs from the one(s) to be derived, the assumption that the consequence set is a convex subset of a finite-dimensional Euclidean space, and the assumption that the individual's von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function on the consequence set is continuous.
Relative tension and potential excursion of muscles in the forearm and hand.

Muscle strength varies enormously from person to person and even from time to time, but the ratio of strength from muscle to muscle within the same limb varies much less. The mass or volume of a muscle is proportional to its work capacity, and the fiber length of a muscle is proportional to its potential excursion. By dividing the fiber length into the volume of each muscle, the cross-sectional area of the muscle was determined, and a list of relative tension capacities offorearm and hand muscles was prepared. Although based on a small number of specimens, this list has the first data on forearm and hand muscles which should be of practical use in planning the operation of tendon transfer.
Low-energy production processes and the pion-pion interaction

Abstract The nucleon energy distribution of the three processes π − p → π + π − n, π − p → π o π o n and π − p → π − π o p near threshold are analysed in terms of a model which includes the effects of both a T = 0 and T = 2 pion-pion final-state reaction. The data are insufficient to determine the T = 2 phase shift δ 2 accurately. Nevertheless, for reasonable values of δ 2 , the T = 0 ππ phase shift δ 0 is found to be initially negative, with a scattering length a 0 = −0.6 ± 0.25 μ −1 , but which soon turns up, become positive below 400 MeV. The model is tested further by calculating the energy distributions of one of the pions. The agreement found with the data is further evidence that δ 0 is probably of the ‘turn-over’ type.