cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BLOOD PLASMA PROTEIN REGENERATION CONTROLLED BY DIET : I. LIVER AND CASEIN AS POTENT DIET FACTORS.

When blood plasma proteins are depleted by bleeding and return of the washed red cells (plasmapheresis) the regeneration of new plasma proteins can be controlled at will by diet. The amount and character of protein intake is all important. Liver protein and casein are efficient proteins to promote rapid regeneration of plasma proteins but some vegetable proteins are also efficient. The blood plasma proteins are reduced by plasmapheresis close to the edema level (3.5–4.0 per cent) and kept at this level by suitable exchanges almost daily. The amount of plasma protein removed is credited to the given diet period. A basal ration is used which is poor in vegetable protein (potato) and contains no animal protein. The dog on this ration can be kept in nitrogen balance but can produce only about 2 gm. plasma protein per kilo body weight per week. With liver or casein feeding this production can be increased three- or fourfold. A reserve of protein building material can be demonstrated in the normal dog when its plasma proteins are depleted. In the first 3 weeks of depletion this reserve in excess of the final basal output may amount to 3–20 gm. protein. This may be stored at least in part in the liver. As much as 50 per cent of this reserve may be albumin or albumin producing material. A reversal of the albumin-globulin ratio may be observed on the basal diet alone. The reversal will always follow plasmapheresis with the dog on the basal diet and the total plasma protein output will consist approximately of 2 parts globulin and 1 part albumin. Liver diet will raise the production and output of albumin and bring the ratio back toward normal. Albumin production may actually exceed the globulin output during liver diet periods. The change is less conspicuous with casein but in the same direction.
Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance studies of HIV and influenza fusion peptide orientations in membrane bilayers using stacked glass plate samples

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and influenza virus fusion peptides are ∼20-residue sequences which catalyze the fusion of viral and host cell membranes. The orientations of these peptides in lipid bilayers have been probed with 15N solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of samples containing membranes oriented between stacked glass plates. Each of the peptides adopts at least two distinct conformations in membranes (predominantly helical or beta strand) and the conformational distribution is determined in part by the membrane headgroup and cholesterol composition. In the helical conformation, the 15N spectra suggest that the influenza peptide adopts an orientation approximately parallel to the membrane surface while the HIV peptide adopts an orientation closer to the membrane bilayer normal. For the beta strand conformation, there appears to be a broader peptide orientational distribution. Overall, the data suggest that the solid-state NMR experiments can test models which correlate peptide orientation with their fusogenic function.
"Am I Doing the Right Thing?": Pathways to Parenting a Gender Variant Child.

Gender variant (GV) children have a subjective sense of gender identity and/or preferences regarding clothing, activities, and/or playmates that are different from what is culturally normative for their biological sex. Despite increases in rates of GV children and their families presenting at clinics, there is little research on how raising a GV child affects the family as a whole or how families make decisions regarding their care. This study took an ecological-transactional framework to explore the question, “what is the experience of parents who raise a GV or transgender child?” Eight mothers and three fathers of GV male and female children (ages 5–13) referred through a GV support group participated in interviews. Transcripts were analyzed using an adaptation of grounded theory analysis. These parents attempted to pave the way to a nonstigmatized childhood for their GV child, typically through two pathways: rescuing the child from fear of stigma and hurt or accepting GV and advocating for a more tolerant world. Many participants used both pathways to different degrees or shifted paths over time, and the paths selected were related to parents' own understanding of GV and their experiences and backgrounds as well as characteristics of the children they were parenting and the communities they inhabited. Limitations, clinical implications, and future directions are discussed.
Advantages and limitations of methods to detect, localize, and quantitate intracardiac right-to-left and bidirectional shunting

and The Antiarrhythmic drug Evaluation Group. Heart rate variability in patients with ventricular arrhythmias: effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:604-12. 94. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. and the CAST Investigators. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-8. 95. Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology. CAST and beyond: implications of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. Circulation 1990;81:1123-7. 96. Malliani A, Recordati G, Schwartz PJ. Nervous activity of afferent cardiac sympathetic fibres with atria1 and ventricular endings. J Physiol (Lond) 1973;229:457-69. 97. Corr PB, Yamada KA, Witkowski FX. Mechanisms controlling cardiac autonomic function and their relation to arrhythmogenesis. In: Fozzard HA, Haber E, Jennings RB, Katz AM, Morgan HE, eds. The heart and cardiovascular system. New York: Raven Press, 1986;2:1343-1403. 98. Schwartz PJ, LaRovere MT, Vanoli E. Autonomic nervous system and sudden cardiac death. Experimental basis and clinical observations for post-myocardial infarction risk stratification. Circulation 1992;85(suppl 1):1-77-I-91.
Diluted Treatment Effect Estimation for Trigger Analysis in Online Controlled Experiments

Online controlled experiments, also called A/B testing, is playing a central role in many data-driven web-facing companies. It is well known and intuitively obvious to many practitioners that when testing a feature with low coverage, analyzing all data collected without zooming into the part that could be affected by the treatment often leads to under-powered hypothesis testing. A common practice is to use triggered analysis. To estimate the overall treatment effect, certain dilution formula is then applied to translate the estimated effect in triggered analysis back to the original all up population. In this paper, we discuss two different types of trigger analyses. We derive correct dilution formulas and show for a set of widely used metrics, namely ratio metrics, correctly deriving and applying those dilution formulas are not trivial. We observe many practitioners in this industry are often applying approximate formulas or even wrong formulas when doing effect dilution calculation. To deal with that, instead of estimating trigger treatment effect followed by effect translation using dilution formula, we aim at combining these two steps into one streamlined analysis, producing more accurate estimation of overall treatment effect together with even higher statistical power than a triggered analysis. The approach we propose in this paper is intuitive, easy to apply and general enough for all types of triggered analyses and all types of metrics.
New Bounds on the Total-Squared-Correlation of Quaternary Signature Sets and Optimal Designs

We derive new bounds on the total squared correlation (TSC) of quaternary (quadriphase) signature/sequence sets for all lengths L and set sizes K. Then, for all K, L, we design minimum-TSC optimal sets that meet the new bounds with equality. Direct numerical comparison with the TSC value of the recently obtained optimal binary sets shows under what K, L realizations gains are materialized by moving from the binary to the quaternary code-division multiplexing alphabet. On the other hand, comparison with the Welch TSC value for real/complex-field sets shows that, arguably, not much is to be gained by raising the alphabet size above four for any K, L.
Year Zero: A History of 1945. By Ian Buruma. (New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2013. Pp. 368. $29.95.)

The year 1945 marked the end of World War II and was a pivotal point in world history, and this book describes societies on the edge between despair and hope. The title is an adaptation of the Germ...
Hierarchical Location Management for Transport Layer Mobility

IP mobility can be handled at different layers of the protocol stack. Mobile IP has been developed to handle mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. As an alternative solution, a number of transport layer mobility protocols have been proposed, for example, MSOCKS and TCP connection migration solution in the context of TCP, and M-SCTP and mobile SCTP in the context of SCTP. More recently, a new protocol called Seamless IP diversity based Generalized Mobility Architecture (SIGMA) was proposed to support low latency, low packet loss IP mobility. The location management schemes used in these transport layer solutions are not suitable for frequent mobile handovers due to user’s high mobility. In this paper, we propose HiSIGMA, a hierarchical location management scheme for transport layer mobility schemes. We develop an analytical model to evaluate HiSIGMA using signaling cost as the performance measure, followed by comparison of the signalling cost of HiSIGMA and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (an enhancement of Mobile IP). Numerical results have shown that signaling cost of HiSIGMA is lower than that of HMIPv6.
Appropriating Policy: Constructing Positions for English Language Learners

Abstract In this ethnographic study, I investigate the ways in which students of Mexican descent who are designated as limited English proficient are “acquired” by particular social positions in a northern California high school. Focusing on two interrelated and reflexive phenomena in the high school—standardized testing for assessing English proficiency and instruction in English Language Development classes—I demonstrate how, through these institutional rituals and their associated discourses, positions for English language learners are constructed, maintained, and challenged. I examine the interactions of the teachers, staff, administrators, and students across various school settings to illuminate the practical implications of, for instance, being designated limited or fluently proficient in English. I suggest that second-language acquisition policy is appropriated with great variability across federal, state, district, and school levels, and I argue that through these courses of action, particular so...
Permeation properties of inward-rectifier potassium channels and their molecular determinants.

The structural domains contributing to ion permeation and selectivity in K channels were examined in inward-rectifier K+ channels ROMK2 (Kir1.1b), IRK1 (Kir2.1), and their chimeras using heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. Patch-clamp recordings of single channels were obtained in the cell-attached mode with different permeant cations in the pipette. For inward K+ conduction, replacing the extracellular loop of ROMK2 with that of IRK1 increased single-channel conductance by 25 pS (from 39 to 63 pS), whereas replacing the COOH terminus of ROMK2 with that of IRK1 decreased conductance by 16 pS (from 39 to 22 pS). These effects were additive and independent of the origin of the NH2 terminus or transmembrane domains, suggesting that the two domains form two resistors in series. The larger conductance of the extracellular loop of IRK1 was attributable to a single amino acid difference (Thr versus Val) at the 3P position, three residues in front of the GYG motif. Permeability sequences for the conducted ions were similar for the two channels: Tl+ > K+ > Rb+ > NH4+. The ion selectivity sequence for ROMK2 based on conductance ratios was NH4+ (1.6) > K+ (1) > Tl+ (0.5) > Rb+ (0.4). For IRK1, the sequence was K+ (1) > Tl+ (0.8) > NH4+ (0.6) >> Rb+ (0.1). The difference in the NH4+/ K+ conductance (1.6) and permeability (0.09) ratios can be explained if NH4+ binds with lower affinity than K+ to sites within the pore. The relatively low conductances of NH4+ and Rb+ through IRK1 were again attributable to the 3P position within the P region. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the IRK1 selectivity pattern required either Thr or Ser at this position. In contrast, the COOH-terminal domain conferred the relatively high Tl+ conductance in IRK1. We propose that the P-region and the COOH terminus contribute independently to the conductance and selectivity properties of the pore.
The Industrial Organization of Money Management

We construct and analyze a model of delegated portfolio management in which money managers signal their investment skills via their choice of transparency for their fund. We show that a natural equilibrium is one in which high- and low-skill managers pool in opaque funds, while medium-skill managers separate in transparent funds. In this equilibrium, high-skill managers rely on their eventual performance to separate from low-skill managers over time, saving the monitoring costs associated with transparency. In contrast, medium-skill managers rely on transparency to separate from low-skill managers, especially when it is difficult for investors to tell them apart through performance alone. Low-skill managers prefer mimicking high-skill managers in opaque funds in the hope of replicating their performance and compensation. The model yields several novel empirical predictions that contrast transparent funds (e.g., mutual funds) and opaque funds (e.g., hedge funds).
A Model of Vein Graft Intimal Hyperplasia

When vein graft is implanted in the arterial system, the vein graft wall becomes thicker as an adaptive process. We have developed a model of early adaptive vein graft intimal thickening induced by shear stress. Intimal thickness and the rate of intimal thickening are expressed as functions of shear stress and time based on experimental data. The model describes the behavior of intimal thickening which is inversely related to shear stress. It also depicts the time-dependent behavior of the vein graft intimal thickening.
The Classroom as a Place of Formation: Purposefully Creating a Transformative Environment for Today's Diverse Seminary Population

. This essay draws on insights from studies on learning to explore the role of formation in the classroom. Studies of intellectual development, learning styles, and the physiology of learning are reviewed. Methodologies and models for encouraging formative learning in seminary classrooms are explored. This essay was written to address one of the issues that have focused the attention of the participants in the Lexington Seminar on Theological Teaching for the Church's Ministries, a project sponsored by Lexington Theological Seminary and supported by the Lilly Endowment, Inc. It will be included in Practical Wisdom: On Theological Teaching and Learning, edited by Malcolm L. Warford, a collection of essays intended to (1) affirm the teaching ministry of theological educators, (2) raise up and discern the diverse ways in which issues of teaching and learning present themselves in institutional contexts, (3) evoke new perspectives on the challenges facing individual schools, and (4) encourage faculty to make conversations about teaching and learning a crucial part of faculty life. Peter Lang Publishing will release the book in fall 2004. Additional information about the work of the Lexington Seminar is available on the Lexington Seminar's Web site .
Atomic Layer Deposition on Quantities of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) was performed on quantities of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a rotary reactor. Because of nucleation difficulties, Al2O3 ALD grew as nanospheres on the MWCNTs. After a NO2 nucleation treatment, Al2O3 ALD films grew conformally and noncovalently functionalized the surface of the MWCNT. This Al2O3 ALD film served as a platform for the growth of W ALD metal. The uncoated and ALD-coated MWCNTs were characterized with transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study demonstrates that ALD can be performed on quantities of very high surface area MWCNT substrates.
Tandem-repeat protein domains across the tree of life

Tandem-repeat protein domains, composed of repeated units of conserved stretches of 20–40 amino acids, are required for a wide array of biological functions. Despite their diverse and fundamental functions, there has been no comprehensive assessment of their taxonomic distribution, incidence, and associations with organismal lifestyle and phylogeny. In this study, we assess for the first time the abundance of armadillo (ARM) and tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeat domains across all three domains in the tree of life and compare the results to our previous analysis on ankyrin (ANK) repeat domains in this journal. All eukaryotes and a majority of the bacterial and archaeal genomes analyzed have a minimum of one TPR and ARM repeat. In eukaryotes, the fraction of ARM-containing proteins is approximately double that of TPR and ANK-containing proteins, whereas bacteria and archaea are enriched in TPR-containing proteins relative to ARM- and ANK-containing proteins. We show in bacteria that phylogenetic history, rather than lifestyle or pathogenicity, is a predictor of TPR repeat domain abundance, while neither phylogenetic history nor lifestyle predicts ARM repeat domain abundance. Surprisingly, pathogenic bacteria were not enriched in TPR-containing proteins, which have been associated within virulence factors in certain species. Taken together, this comparative analysis provides a newly appreciated view of the prevalence and diversity of multiple types of tandem-repeat protein domains across the tree of life. A central finding of this analysis is that tandem repeat domain-containing proteins are prevalent not just in eukaryotes, but also in bacterial and archaeal species.
Income Inequality: Another Look

The purpose of this article is to examine the inequality in the distribution of income. The distribution of income is an important issue for all facets of our society. Many governmental policies (taxation, etc.), for example, influence the distribution of income. This article will look at the distribution of income on the basis of race, comparing the income distribution of Blacks versus the income distribution of Whites. Comparisons will be made between races as well as within each race.
Privacy Pal: Improving Permission Safety Awareness of Third Party Applications in Online Social Networks

Social networks have become an integral part of our society, and for good reason, which make it easier for people to keep in touch with their friends and family, while also generating new and interesting social data. However, the incredible volume of personal information exposed by these networks has some potentially severe social consequences. First, in order to protect themselves legally, many social websites have adopted privacy policies that do little to protect an individual's rights. Second, ethically questionable data collection practices on social networks by third party developers are becoming more commonplace. Finally, the data collected from social networks are being used and analyzed in previously unanticipated ways, suggesting that it is important to protect even the most mundane data. As a result, there is a need for users to be better informed about the dangers to their personal privacy and security, especially when granting permissions to third party applications from relatively unknown developers. In this paper, we present Privacy Pal, a simple and effective analysis and visualization tool that allows users to gain an increased level of understanding on the security and privacy risks associated with granting permissions to third party applications in online social networks, like Facebook.
Types and timing of social support.

Researchers have attempted to clarify the concept of social support by differentiating types of support and relating them to types of stressors. This "specificity" model of support represents an analytical advance over unitary constructs of support, yet an emphasis on such typological studies provides a static view of the phenomenon. Studies of support timing, however, contribute to an understanding of support processes. By integrating these different perspectives, it is possible to (1) answer questions about what support is and how it works and (2) suggest new directions for support research.
A Clinical Analysis of 116 Patients with Genital Ulcer Diseases

Objective To investigation the etiology and species with characteristic of genital ulcers in dermatology and STD clinics of nantong Center for Disease Control and Prevention.Methods To make laboratory inspection and clinical resolution with 116 patients with genital ulcer diseases according to united criteria.Results In 116 patients with genital ulcer diseases,there were 25(21.4%)cases of syphilis.27(23.2%)cases of genital herpes.27(23.2%)cases of condyloma acuminatum(CA)and 12(10.3%)cases of affected by mould.There were also 25(21.4%)cases of balanoposthitis.Male patients accounted for 103(88.79%)among 116 patients with genital ulcer diseases.Conclusion The results indicate that syphilis,genital herpes,condyloma acuminatum(CA)and mould affected predomonate in patients with genital ulcer diseases which account for about 78.4 percent of 116 patients in dermatology and STD clinics.
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE: A CHALLENGE IN GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

The study of the genetic epidemiology of airways obstruction has suggested that not only is COPD the prototype of a multifactorial disorder in which many factors contribute to the risk of its occurrence, but also that its definitive characteristic--impaired pulmonary function--may be a multi-disease factor which acts as a key component or cofactor in a number of other disorders: a common route to multiple and diverse pathological manifestations. Further evidence is needed to confirm or refute this hypothesis both of multiple possible causes and, especially, of multiple potential effects of airways obstruction. In view of the implications of such causes and effects, we look to continuing research to obtain and analyze a variety of appropriate data to evaluate further the validity of the hypothesis presented.
3 – Conventional amine scrubbing for CO2 capture

This chapter is a review of conventional amine scrubbing for CO2 capture. Conventional amine scrubbing will be a dominant technology for post-combustion capture. Second-generation amine scrubbing will provide an energy performance better than 50% thermodynamic efficiency, with an electricity burden approaching 200 kWh/t CO2 in the coal-fired application. Five molal (m) PZ with absorber intercooling and the advanced flash stripper is a published second-generation amine-scrubbing process technology that should serve as the baseline for future improvements in post-combustion capture. This second-generation technology has excellent energy performance, acceptable capital cost, and good amine stability. Amine aerosol emissions and amine oxidation are not yet completely understood and managed.
Advertising.com pre-install app campaign

The research detailed in this paper seeks to develop an algorithm to optimally select apps to be pre-installed on newly purchased Verizon smartphones. The research focuses on using consumer data sets provided by Advertising.com, a subsidiary of Verizon Communications, to identify and target consumers that are more likely to use pre-installed apps on their smartphones. Advertsing.com hopes to use these targeted campaigns as a means to raise overall app engagement rates. The paper begins with a background on the mobile advertising industry and Advertising.com's motivation for the project. Following the background, the paper discusses data collection and data management practices, detailing the method for granular attribute selection. The selected attributes for this research include but are not limited to a smartphone user's age, metro code, gender, and income level. Information on the time at which an app is opened and the time distance between the events of preloading and opening an app is also used when available. The paper then details the iterative methodology the team used to identify the highest performing user groups for each application campaign and overviews the predictive models used in forecasting app engagement rates. Finally, the paper concludes with a discussion of the preliminary results, which show an increase in app engagement rates for the app Retale following the team's initial recommendation.
Employee Energy Benefits: What are They and What Effect Do They Have on Employees?

Employee energy benefits, such as subsidies for employee home energy audits and financial incentives for carpooling to work, aim to influence employees’ environmental behaviors outside of work. The human resources management and social psychology literatures suggest that employers may have a range of motivations for offering these benefits, that they may improve employee morale, and that they could be effective at influencing employee behavior in the home. Using an in-depth literature search and a preliminary survey of 482 U.S. adults employed full-time, we examine: (1) how frequently employee energy benefits are offered by type, (2) employee perceptions about why employers offer these benefits and why employees enroll, and (3) what effect these benefits have on employee morale and behavior. The findings highlight a vast array of employee energy benefits types and distinct employer and employee motivations, and provide preliminary evidence that these benefits could influence employee morale and environmental behavior.
Comparative Genetic Diversity, Population Structure, and Adaptations of Walleye and Yellow Perch Across North America

The yellow perch Perca flavescens and the walleye Sander vitreus are native North American percid fishes, which have considerable fishery and ecological importance across their wide geographic ranges. Over the past century, they were stocked into new habitats, often with relative disregard for conserving local genetic adaptations. This chapter focuses on their comparative population structure and genetic diversity in relationship to historical patterns, habitat connectivity, dispersal ability, distributional abundances, and reproductive behavior. Both species possess considerable genetic structure across their native ranges, exhibiting similar patterning of discontinuities among geographic regions. The two species significantly differ in levels of genetic diversity, with walleye populations possessing overall higher genetic variability than yellow perch. Genetic divergence patterns follow the opposite trend, with more pronounced differences occurring among closely spaced spawning aggregations of yellow perch than walleye. Results reveal broad-scale correspondence to isolation by geographic distance, however, their fine-scale population structures show less relationship, often with pronounced genetic differences among some nearby reproductive groups. Genetic composition of spawning groups is stable from year to year in walleye, according to two decades of data, and is less consistent in yellow perch. These patterns appear to reflect fundamental behavioral differences between the two species.
Picosecond Pulse Recirculation for High Average Brightness Thomson Scattering-based Gamma-ray Sources

Pulse recirculation has been successfully demonstrated with the interaction laser system of LLNL's Thomson-Radiated Extreme X-ray (T-REX) source. The recirculation increased twenty-eight times the intensity of the light coming out of the laser system, demonstrating the capability of increasing the gamma-ray flux emitted by T-REX. The technical approach demonstrated could conceivably increase the average gamma-ray flux output by up to a hundred times.
The Impact of Instructional Design: Questions of Conscience

Information and communications technologies that can be used in support of learning, performance, and instruction are changing at a rapid pace. There is now a vast array of learning resources available via the Internet, and there are many powerful and affordable mobile learning devices and applications that can be used in support of education and training. This situation creates serious challenges for instructional designers who are charged with recommending, selecting, sequencing, configuring, assessing, and/or managing educational resources and learning activities that comprise courses and programs of instruction. In addition to the burden of helping to create effective, engaging, and efficient learning environments and instructional systems, instructional designers have to live with a legacy of failing to deliver on previous promises to use technology to dramatically improve learning and instruction. What seems to be happening is that there is a tension between a need to rely on instructional designers to cope with the complexities and challenges of planning and implementing learning environments in the digital age and a general distrust of instructional designers to deliver on promises to transform education using new technologies. Issues pertaining to this tension are the focus of this piece.
Etching process analysis based on etchant flow for high-density build-up substrate

A technique to predict the minimum line and space width of copper wiring on printed circuit boards is developed. Effects of the variations of copper thickness, resist width, and etching speed are taken into account as well as effects of copper thickness, anchor depth, and resist thickness. To develop the technique, dry film resists were evaluated with hardware experiments and theoretical calculations. From the experiments, the minimum pitch of lines are 80 /spl mu/m (copper thickness 20 /spl mu/m, anchor depth 2.8 /spl mu/m, resist thickness 15 /spl mu/m). With the process variation of the experiments, the calculation results for the minimum pitch of lines are 75 /spl mu/m, which is almost the same as the experimental results. The minimum pitches of the lines formed by the subtractive method were obtained from theoretical calculations under the conditions that the copper thickness ranges from 8 /spl mu/m to 20 /spl mu/m and the anchor depth is 2.8 /spl mu/m in order to estimate the dependence of the minimum pitch of the lines on copper thickness and variations of the processes.
Fundamentals of Creep in Aluminum Over a Very Wide Temperature Range

Some of the earliest characterization of steady-state creep in aluminum, was developed at UC Berkeley by John Dorn, his students and postdoctoral scholars, one being K.L. Murty. Research of the group included classic five power-law creep, Harper-Dorn creep, power-law breakdown and viscous glide. Many of the models and theories persisted for a relatively long period of time due to the thoughtfulness of the work. This paper discusses the more recent developments in these phenomena that may lead to new interpretations in aluminum creep, as well as other crystalline materials.
Do the Effects of Strain and Religiosity on Criminal Coping Differ by Race and Ethnicity

Recently, Agnew suggested that delinquent offending is more likely to occur in the presence of a variety of criminogenic risk factors. Prior research has suggested that racial and ethnic difference...
Application of arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI to differentiate benign from malignant intracranial meningiomas.

Abstract Purpose Differentiating WHO grade I–III of meningioma by non-invasive imaging is challenging. This study investigated the potential of MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) to establish tumor grade in meningioma patients. Material and methods Pseudo-continuous ASL with 3D background suppressed gradient and spin echo (GRASE) was acquired on 54 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent intracranial meningioma. Perfusion patterns characterized in CBF color maps were independently evaluated by three neuroradiologists blinded to patient history, and correlated with tumor grade from histo-pathological review. Results Three perfusion patterns could be discerned by visual evaluation of CBF maps. Pattern 1 consisted of homogeneous hyper-perfusion of the entire tumor; pattern 2 demonstrated heterogeneous hyper-perfusion; pattern 3 showed no substantial hyper-perfusion. Evaluation of the perfusion patterns was highly concordant among the three readers (Kendall W = 0.9458, P Conclusion Qualitative evaluation of ASL CBF maps can help differentiate benign (WHO Grade I) from higher grade (WHO Grade II and III) intracranial meningiomas, potentially impacting therapeutic strategy.
What? Clotheslines and Popbeads Aren't Trashy Anymore?: Teaching about Kitsch

In this article, we explore changing definitions of kitsch and simultaneously examine the relevance of kitsch to contemporary society. Using a number of examples, including a focus on kitsch related to September 11, 2001, we explore the current popularity of kitsch in society. We analyze the growth and influence of kitsch in everyday life and in the art world. We argue that kitsch makes our pluralism visible and that kitsch is a means to resist cultural and aesthetic hegemony and power. Implications for art education are provided
On the Asymptotics of Partial Theta Functions

Partial theta functions are sums whose terms resemble those of modular theta functions, save that the sums are taken over an incomplete lattice. In one of his notebooks, Ramanujan wrote down an asymptotic expansion for one particular partial theta functions as \(q \rightarrow 1^-\). In 2011, Berndt and Kim generalized this type of asymptotic expansion to a related family, also for \(q \rightarrow 1^-\). In this article, we extend the asymptotic results of Berndt and Kim to the case of \(q\rightarrow e^{2\pi i h/k}\), any root of unity, and present new asymptotic expansions of another family of partial theta functions. These results were part of the author’s 2015 Ph.D. thesis, where the partial theta functions discussed are related to a certain infinite family of quantum modular forms.
Alternation points and bivariate Lagrange interpolation

Abstract Given m + 1 strictly decreasing numbers h 0 , h 1 , … , h m , we give an algorithm to construct a corresponding finite sequence of orthogonal polynomials p 0 , p 1 , … , p m such that p 0 = 1 , p j has degree j and p m − j ( h n ) = ( − 1 ) n p j ( h n ) for all j , n = 0 , 1 , … , m . Using these polynomials, we construct bivariate Lagrange polynomials and cubature formulas for nodes that are points in R 2 where the coordinates are taken from given finite decreasing sequences of the same length and where the indices have the same (or opposite) parity.
“It is easy for women to ask!”: Gender and digital finance in Kenya

This article examines the role of gender in the use of digital finance in Kenya, including the wellâ€ known case of mobile money but also the emerging use of smartphone apps, payment tills, digital credit services, and digital fundâ€ raising computer programs. Development professionals have explicitly feminist goals in bringing digital finance to women in the Global South. In several recent reports, they outline the belief that gender norms are a barrier to women's use of finance. They hope digital finance will bring women agency and control over money and consequently shift restrictive gender norms. This article offers a critique of these assumptions based on ethnographic conversations, a diary exercise, and network selfâ€ portraiture conducted in Kenya in 2016 among both rural farmers and urbanites. Adopting a distributed agency perspective, the ethnographic study demonstrates that Kenyan women and men use digital finance not to seek individual control of their money but to produce themselves as connected and trustworthy members of financial groups and collectivities. Gender norms may not hinder women from finance but rather enhance and deepen women's and men's financial relationships and bring women success in amassing funds.
Surfactant-enhanced Removal of Hydrophobic Oils from Source Zones

This research has demonstrated that the more hydrophobic the oil (e.g., the higher its molecular weight), the more hydrophobic the surfactant system must be to achieve desirable phase behavior. The oil hydrophobicity can be characterized by its equivalent alkane carbon number (EACN). A new approach is presented for estimating the EACN of multi-component hydrophobic nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), which can be used to help guide surfactant selection. Results demonstrate that achieving middle phase microemulsions is more complicated for high EACN oils (e.g. hexadecane with an EACN of 16). An Aerosol-OT (AOT)/ Tween 80 system was identified in batch studies and evaluated in column studies. In less than five injected pore volumes, this surfactant system removed greater than 99% of residual hexadecane from a vertical glass bead column by both mobilization and supersolubilization mechanisms. Counter-flow liquid-liquid extraction conducted in porous hollow fiber membranes was shown to effectively separate hydrophobic oils from surfactant solutions, thereby regenerating the surfactant for reuse. This research thus demonstrates that surfactant enhanced remediation of hydrophobic oils is a viable technology, worthy of further development.
The Nuclei of Normal Galaxies: Lessons from the Galactic Center – A Brief Summary

It has been a pleasure and a privilege to attend this conference in honor of Peter Mezger. The speakers have covered a wealth of information on the center of our own galaxy and of those nearby. The sessions have been well planned, informative, and lively. We warmly thank its organizer, Reinhard Genzel, for his scientific leadership and very thoughtful arrangements. We are also indebted to Andy Harris and others members of the Garching staff who have assisted in planning and operation of the conference. We know we have kept Suzanne Harai and Barbara Schnelle very busy with arrangements and with our requests for help, and appreciate their sensitive and efficient management.
Low Cost Gifford-McMahon Cryocooler Development Program

CTI-Cryogenics is under contract with ARPA/NRL to develop a low cost, long life cryocooler to meet the cryogenic cooling needs of emerging applications for high temperature superconductive (HTS) microwave components. The design for this application was targeted to produce a minimum of 15 watts of refrigeration at 50K. Early prototype testing of this low cost design has shown performance to be > 25 watts at 50K.
Understanding Surface-Mediated Electrochemical Reactions: CO2 Reduction and Beyond

Understanding reaction pathways and mechanisms for electrocatalytic transformation of small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, and N2) to value-added chemicals is critical to enabling the rational design of high-performing catalytic systems. Tafel analysis is widely used to gain mechanistic insights, and in some cases, has been used to determine the reaction mechanism. In this Perspective, we discuss the mechanistic insights that can be gained from Tafel analysis and its limitations using the simplest two-electron CO2 reduction reaction to CO on Au and Ag surfaces as an example. By comparing and analyzing existing as well as additional kinetic data, we show that the Tafel slopes obtained on Au and Ag surfaces in the kinetically controlled region (low overpotential) are consistently ∼59 mV dec–1, regardless of whether catalysts are polycrystalline or nanostructured in nature, suggesting that the initial electron transfer (CO2 + e– → CO2–) is unlikely to be the rate-limiting step. In addition, we demonstrate how in...
Recess Reboot: Effective Planning and Implementation Strategies for Classroom Teachers

This article provides guidance for physical education teachers and elementary classroom teachers for scheduling and managing recess to ensure maximal use of time and enhance enjoyment and benefits ...
The evolution of New Moscow: from panacea to polycentricity

This article provides an overview of New Moscow’s trajectory from its unveiling as a leap into a new epoch to its more modest current role. Possible reasons for undertaking the project are examined...
An Exploration of the Gender-Migration-Development Nexus: The Impact of Labor Migration on Women’s Empowerment

The feminization of labor migration is a 21st century phenomenon. Though not often center stage of migration policy and debate, migrant women have become powerful agents of change as well key actors in influencing social and economic development in their countries of origin. This paper explores the complexities of a system in which labor migration is controlled, produced, and understood; its impacts on women and the society at large; and the sustainability of such change for future generations. Through a case study on female migrant women from Senegal, this article aims to demonstrate how the migration experience and subsequent return of women to their home countries leads to positive and sustainable social and economic changes at household, community, and national levels. However, in order for this occur, it argues that governments must play a key role in supporting and protecting women prior to, during, and after their migration experience while encouraging their return home.
Electromagnetic splittings of hadrons from improved Staggered quarks in full QCD

S. Basak ,a† A. Bazavov, b C. Bernard, c C. DeTar,d W. Freeman,b Steven Gottlieb,a U.M. Heller,e J.E. Hetrick, f J. Laiho,c L. Levkova,d J. Osborn,g R. Sugar,h and D. Toussaintb (MILC Collaboration) a Department of Physics, Indiana University Bloomington, IN 47405, USA b Physics Department, University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721, USA c Physics Department, Washington University St. Louis, MO 63130, USA d Physics Department, University of Utah Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA e American Physical Society One Research Road, Box 9000, Ridge, NY 11961-9000, USA f Physics Department, University of the Pacific Stockton, CA 95211, USA g Argonne Leadership Computing Facility, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, IL 60439, USA h Physics Department, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA E-mail: sbasak@indiana.edu
Normal Histology of Gastrointestinal Tract

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is an extraordinary organ system consisting of different functional regions with varying functions. It serves as a digestive organ, taking in whatever is swallowed, converting it into nutrients, and discarding the waste. In general, the GI tract consists of four concentric layers progressing outward from the lumen, namely mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa or adventitia. Although the mucosal features vary significantly from one region to another, the other layers share many of the same features throughout the GI tract, albeit some differences do exist.
The Interaction of Waiting Time and Patient Experience during Radiation Therapy: A Survey of Patients from a Tertiary Cancer Center.

Abstract Purpose The logistical burdens of appointment scheduling and travel add to the psychological and emotional distress among patients with a new cancer diagnosis. This may be heightened among patients needing radiation therapy (RT), who must travel to and from a treatment facility daily for several weeks. Here, we studied the association between RT appointment waiting time and patient-reported pain and anxiety and explored additional factors that may influence daily waiting time. Methods Ninety-four patients undergoing RT at a single, academic institution were surveyed in the first and final weeks of treatment. On the day of the survey, patients were asked to report: pain (Likert scale: 0–10), anxiety (0–10), commute mode/time, and estimated waiting time for RT. Actual waiting times were calculated per review of the electronic scheduling system. Results Increased objective waiting time was associated with higher pain scores at the start (P = .05) and end (P = 0.004) of RT, although overall pain scores were low at both time points (mean 1.4 and 1.5, respectively). Anxiety scores were also low (mean 1.2 at both time points) and were not associated with objective waiting time (P > .05). Of note, patients reported perceived waiting times that were considerably shorter than actual waiting times (mean 15 vs. 26 minutes, respectively, at first survey early in the RT course). Time of day and tumor site were not associated with waiting time. Conclusion Daily waiting time may play a role in pain and/or anxiety experienced by patients with cancer during RT. Perceived waiting time may differ substantially from actual waiting time and represents a potential area for intervention to improve patients’ quality of life.
Defining Typical Acetaminophen and Narcotic Usage in the Postoperative Rhinoplasty Patient

Objective To characterize the acetaminophen and narcotic use pattern of the postoperative rhinoplasty patient. To describe a pain level and pain medication usage pattern of the typical post-rhinoplasty patient and identify demographic considerations. Study design Prospective cohort study at a tertiary care center. Methods Rhinoplasty patients were given standardized perioperative pain instructions and narcotic medication (18 tabs oxycodone) along with a pain medication use survey. Postoperatively, survey and tracking information was collected regarding narcotic and acetaminophen use at their first postoperative appointment. Patients were asked about non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, aspirin, and chronic opioid use. Narcotic and acetaminophen use along pain levels (1-10) at time of use were recorded by patients at 4-hour increments postoperatively until their first postoperative visit. Results Pain medication usage (oxycodone and acetaminophen) peaked on (postoperative day 1) POD1. Pain was significantly higher in younger patients (30 years old or younger), female patients, and primary rhinoplasty patients. Pain was correlated with acetaminophen and oxycodone use for women, and acetaminophen used for men. Autologous rib grafting was not correlated with higher narcotic use. Conclusion Describing a pain medication usage pattern for the typical post-rhinoplasty patient provides both patients and clinicians important knowledge of postoperative pain expectations and has the potential to reduce both the amount of narcotic prescribed by providers and the amount of narcotic used by patients. Level of evidence 4 (Case Series) Laryngoscope, 131:48-53, 2021.
Cancer Imaging Phenomics via CaPTk: Multi-Institutional Prediction of Progression-Free Survival and Pattern of Recurrence in Glioblastoma.

PURPOSETo construct a multi-institutional radiomic model that supports upfront prediction of progression-free survival (PFS) and recurrence pattern (RP) in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma mult...
Placental defects lead to embryonic lethality in mice lacking the Formin and PCP proteins Daam1 and Daam2

The actin cytoskeleton plays a central role in establishing cell polarity and shape during embryonic morphogenesis. Daam1, a member of the Formin family of actin cytoskeleton regulators, is a Dvl2-binding protein that functions in the Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) pathway. To examine the role of the Daam proteins in mammalian development, we generated Daam-deficient mice by gene targeting and found that Daam1, but not Daam2, is necessary for fetal survival. Embryonic development of Daam1 mutants was delayed most likely due to functional defects in the labyrinthine layer of the placenta. Examination of Daam2 and Daam1/2 double mutants revealed that Daam1 and Daam2 are functionally redundant during placental development. Of note, neural tube closure defects (NTD), which are observed in several mammalian PCP mutants, are not observed in Wnt5a or Daam1 single mutants, but arise in Daam1;Wnt5a double mutants. These findings demonstrate a unique function for Daam genes in placental development and are consistent with a role for Daam1 in the Wnt/PCP pathway in mammals.