cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perceived psychophysiological control: The effects of power versus powerlessness

The current popularity of biofeedback training in self-control is often linked to its psychological benefits. However, the perception of control, whether veridical or not, may be playing a key role in the therapeutic benefits attributed to biofeedback. A total of 120 randomly assigned undergraduate women received two trials of false heart-rate feedback on a task presented either as biofeedback self-control or as externally controlled, due to physiological response to color of room illumination. Perceived efficacy or inefficacy and direction of suggested change were also manipulated. As predicted, perceived effective self-control resulted in more positive mood, internal attributions, and higher performance expectations; perceived ineffective self-control led to opposite results. Significant interactions suggested an important similarity between self-control efficacy and external-control inefficacy, and between self-control inefficacy and external-control efficacy. Results were related to the concept of personal power and powerlessness and to Bandura's theory of self-efficacy.
Ruptured Diaphragmatic Eventration: A Rare Cause of Acute Postpartum Dyspnea

Rupture of a maternal diaphragmatic hernia (DH) during pregnancy is a rare but significant complication. We describe a case of a maternal ruptured DH, presenting as acute postpartum dyspnea, which required urgent operative repair. We report our surgical strategy and review the key concepts in the multidisciplinary management of this condition.
Benzo[a]pyrene in Gasoline Partially Persists in Automobile Exhaust

On average 36 percent of the benzo [a] pyrene in an automobile9s exhaust gas comes from the benzo [a] pyrene originally in the gasoline. Between 0.1 and 0.2 percent of the benzo [a] pyrene in the gasoline survives the combustion process and is recovered from the exhaust; 5 percent accumulates in the crankcase oil. Some of the benzo [a] pyrene in the gasoline is converted into other polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and other more polar compounds. For our experiments we used commercial gasoline containing benzo [a] pyrene at 1.0 part per million to which was added benzo [a] pyrene-8,9- 14 C at 1.1 parts per million as a radioactive tracer.
Damage function data correlation for the yield stress of iron

Abstract The effectiveness of the damage function analysis method of correlating experimental irradiation effects data and predicting material responses in different neutron environments is investigated. Major sources of uncertainty in damage function analysis including the questions of existence, uniqueness and data error propagation are investigated. The semi-empirical damage function and its estimated errors for iron irradiated at about 80°C to fluences of ∼1018−1020/n/cm2 are analyzed for comparison with other common correlation procedures. The study indicated that damage function analysis can, under certain conditions, be an effective means of establishing both nominal and lower bound fluence for reactor components.
Pale cytochrome oxidase stripes in V2 receive the richest projection from macaque striate cortex.

Once the visual pathway reaches striate cortex, it fans out to a number of extrastriate areas. The projections to the second visual area (V2) are known to terminate in a patchy manner. V2 contains a system of repeating pale-thin-pale- thick stripes of cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity. We examined whether the patchy terminal fields arising from primary visual cortex (V1) projections are systematically related to the CO stripes in V2. Large injections of an anterograde tracer, [(3)H]proline, were made into V1 of both hemispheres in 5 macaques. The resulting V2 label appeared in layers 2-6, with the densest concentration in layer 4. In 21/29 injections, comparison of adjacent flatmount sections processed either for autoradiography or CO activity showed that the heaviest [(3)H]proline labeling was located in pale CO stripes. In 7/29 injections, there was no clear enrichment of labeling in the CO pale stripes. In 1 injection, the proline label correlated with dark CO stripes. On a fine scale, CO levels vary within V2 stripes, giving them an irregular, mottled appearance. In all stripe types, the density of proline label would often wax and wane in opposing contrast to these local fluctuations in CO density. Our data showed that V1 input is generally anti-correlated with the intensity of CO staining in V2, with strongest input to pale stripes. It is known that the pulvinar projects preferentially to dark stripes. Therefore, V2 receives interleaved projections from V1 and the pulvinar. Because these projections favor different stripe types, they may target separate populations of neurons.
Adaptive Anomaly Identification by Exploring Metric Subspace in Cloud Computing Infrastructures

Cloud computing has become increasingly popular by obviating the need for users to own and maintain complex computing infrastructures. However, due to their inherent complexity and large scale, production cloud computing systems are prone to various runtime problems caused by hardware and software faults and environmental factors. Autonomic anomaly detection is a crucial technique for understanding emergent, cloud-wide phenomena and self-managing cloud resources for system-level dependability assurance. To detect anomalous cloud behaviors, we need to monitor the cloud execution and collect runtime cloud performance data. These data consist of values of performance metrics for different types of failures, which display different correlations with the performance metrics. In this paper, we present an adaptive anomaly identification mechanism that explores the most relevant principal components of different failure types in cloud computing infrastructures. It integrates the cloud performance metric analysis with filtering techniques to achieve automated, efficient, and accurate anomaly identification. The proposed mechanism adapts itself by recursively learning from the newly verified detection results to refine future detections. We have implemented a prototype of the anomaly identification system and conducted experiments in an on-campus cloud computing environment and by using the Google data center traces. Our experimental results show that our mechanism can achieve more efficient and accurate anomaly detection than other existing schemes.
Mesoscopic tests for thermally chaotic states in a CuMn spin glass.

The random conductance of a mesoscopic sample of CuMn spin glass was measured under various thermal cycling conditions. Although a random spin-dependent conductance similar to that predicted by prior theory was found, no convincing evidence was found for the chaotic dependence of the spin configuration on temperature. This negative result sets some limits on the applicability of scaling theories of the spin-glass state.
Advances in the treatment of herpesvirus infection: the role of famciclovir

Shingles (herpes zoster) is the result of reactivation of varicella-zoster virus after years of latency. The acute phase is self-limiting but is often associated with moderate-to-severe pain; postherpetic neuralgia is the most frequent and debilitating complication of shingles, occurring in 3.4 per 1000 individuals per year. In the case of genital herpes, herpes simplex virus can reactivate to cause recurrent episodes as often as several times a year, sometimes for the remainder of a person's life. Antiviral agents such as famciclovir, valacyclovir, and acyclovir can be used to shorten the course and decrease the severity of these diseases and may suppress the virus itself, thereby preventing future outbreaks of genital herpes. This article presents a brief synopsis of the etiology of herpes zoster and genital herpes and reviews 12 key studies that demonstrate the efficacy of famciclovir in the management of these two conditions.
Effect of Source and Amount of Protein on Milk Production in Dairy Goats

Forty multiparous Alpine does (mean BW of 61.5 kg) were utilized in a 13-wk trial to investigate the effects of a TMR differing in CP amount (13 or 17%) and source (solvent-extracted soybean meal or heat-treated soybean meal with or without urea) on lactational performance. Protein supplements contributed 30% of the N in 13% CP diets and 50% of the N in 17% CP diets. All diets were isoenergetic (2.5 Mcal of metabolizable energy/kg of DM) and were fed for ad libitum intake for the entire trial. Mean DMI (2.88 kg/d), milk production (2.65 kg/d), milk fat (4.05%), milk protein (2.68%), milk lactose (4.54%), and milk SNF (7.81%) did not differ among dietary treatments. Plasma urea N was greater (23.2 vs. 10.9 mg/dl) in does receiving the 17% CP diets; however, blood hematocrit (27.4%), beta-hydroxybutyrate (843 microM), plasma glucose (68.8 mg/dl), NEFA (600 mu eq/dl), and plasma total protein (74.% g/L) were not significantly affected by treatment. The apparent absence of a dietary effect on lactational performance may be due to the high DMI of the does (4.7% when expressed as DMI per kilogram of BW) and high CP intake providing a surfeit of protein relative to requirements.
QUALITY OF PACKED AND BIN STORED ‘ANJOU’ PEARS AS INFLUENCED BY STORAGE ATMOSPHERE AND TEMPERATURE

Packed pears (Pyrus communis 'd' 'Anjou') were stored under four individual controlled atmosphere (CA) storage conditions (#1: CA of 1.5% O 2 and <1% CO 2 at -1.5C; #2: CA of 1.5% O 2 and <1% CO 2 at +1.5C; #3: CA of 1.5% O 2 and 3.0% CO 2 at -1.5C; #4: CA of 1.5% O 2 and 3.0% CO 2 at +1.5C). Loose pears in bins were stored under three CA storage conditions (#1: CA of 1.5% O 2 and <1% CO 2 at -1.5C; #2: CA of 1.5% O 2 and 3.0% CO 2 at -1.5C; #3: CA of 1.5% O 2 and 3.0% CO 2 at +1.5C). For packed pears, increased CO 2 in the storage atmosphere resulted in retention of peel color, reduced firmness loss and enhanced subjective scores, particularly for finish and stem condition. Pears stored loose in bins, prior to packing in late January in an atmosphere containing 3.0% CO 2 aided firmness retention, reduced scald and greatly enhanced subjective quality scores for appearance, finish and scuffing. Storing 'Anjou' pears in a 3.0% CO 2 atmosphere allows for storing pears loose in bin and packing in late January with little or no quality losses compared with using the standard 1.0% CO 2 in the storage atmosphere.
What We Have Learned about Intrinsic Defects in Silicon: A Help in Understanding Diamond?

What we have established by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies in silicon concerning the properties of its intrinsic defects (vacancies and interstitials) and their interactions with other defects is reviewed. The lessons learned are compared to what is currently being observed in diamond, and some general observations made. Also described is a recent identification by EPR of a dominant electrically active defect involving a single hydrogen atom in CVD diamond.
Cytostructural localization of peanut lectin binding in fine-needle aspirates of benign and malignant breast lesions

Numerous studies have employed lectin binding patterns to investigate alterations in cell surface polysaccharide expression associated with malignant transformation. Cytostructural relocalization of peanut lectin (Arachis hypogaea) binding sites from the cell surface to the cytoplasm has been described in breast carcinomas. To investigate the possible utility of peanut lectin binding patterns in the diagnosis of breast fine-needle aspirations, the PNA immunoperoxidase method was applied to smears from a group of 15 benign and malignant breast lesions. Cytostructural relocalization of PNA binding was seen in both benign and malignant breast lesions, indicating that it is of little diagnostic utility in the assessment of malignancy. This finding was noted in both cytologic and histologic preparations.
Understanding Moral Limits in the Duality of Artifacts and Nature: A Reply to Critics

Ned Hettinger and Wayne Ouderkirk present some cogent criticisms of my ideas in environmental ethics, especially those ideas closely associated with my attacks on the process of ecological restoration. Both trace the source of my alleged problems to a pernicious dualism of nature and humanity that they perceive in my environmental philosophy. In this reply I accept their basic analysis of my work but deny that my overall position leads to the problems they suggest. I explicitly endorse the dualism of human artifacts and natural entities, and I argue that this dualism exists along a spectrum of "more-or-less" natural or artifactual. I claim that this dualism is not pernicious, but on the contrary, it is the first necessary step to understanding the moral limits of human action in the natural world. I begin with a consideration of the formal structure of these critical papers there is a remarkable formal similarity between these two essays. Each author begins with a brief review of the positive aspects of my position or "theory" in environmental ethics; then there is an analysis of the problems within the position, and the problematic consequences or impli-
Odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein (ODAM) inhibits growth and migration of human melanoma cells and elicits PTEN elevation and inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling

The Odontogenic Ameloblast-associated Protein (ODAM) is expressed in a wide range of normal epithelial, and neoplastic tissues, and we have posited that ODAM serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and melanoma. Transfection of ODAM into breast cancer cells yields suppression of cellular growth, motility, and in vivo tumorigenicity. Herein we have extended these studies to the effects of ODAM on cultured melanoma cell lines. The A375 and C8161 melanoma cell lines were stably transfected with ODAM and assayed for properties associated with tumorigenicity including cell growth, motility, and extracellular matrix adhesion. In addition, ODAM–transfected cells were assayed for signal transduction via AKT which promotes cell proliferation and survival in many neoplasms. ODAM expression in A375 and C8161 cells strongly inhibited cell growth and motility in vitro, increased cell adhesion to extracellular matrix, and yielded significant cytoskeletal/morphologic rearrangement. Furthermore, AKT activity was downregulated by ODAM expression while an increase was noted in expression of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10) tumor suppressor gene, an antagonist of AKT activation. Increased PTEN in ODAM-expressing cells was associated with increases in PTEN mRNA levels and de novo protein synthesis. Silencing of PTEN expression yielded recovery of AKT activity in ODAM-expressing melanoma cells. Similar PTEN elevation and inhibition of AKT by ODAM was observed in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells while ODAM expression had no effect in PTEN-deficient BT-549 breast cancer cells. The apparent anti-neoplastic effects of ODAM in cultured melanoma and breast cancer cells are associated with increased PTEN expression, and suppression of AKT activity. This association should serve to clarify the clinical import of ODAM expression and any role it may serve as an indicator of tumor behavior.
Studies On Aging of Turbatrix Aceti

Turbatrix aceti mated at day 7 after hatch, started to reproduce on day 8 and reproduction lasted for 11 days. When mating was delayed by segregating individual nematodes, the older the nematodes at mating, the longer the elapsed time prior to the start of reproduction and the shorter the reproductive period. Mating of progressively older females with young males or progressively older males with young females showed the degeneration of gonad function with age and demonstrated that the effects of aging of either the male or female gonad on reproduction are similar.
A rate-dependent damage model for brittle materials based on the dominant crack

Abstract A rate-dependent, continuum damage model is developed for brittle materials under dynamic loading. This model improves on the approach (ISOSCM) of [Addessio, F.L., Johnson, J.N., 1990. A constitutive model for the dynamic response of brittle materials. Journal of Applied Physics 67, 3275–3286] in several respects. (1) A new damage surface is found by applying the generalized Griffith instability criterion to the dominant crack (having the most unstable orientation), rather than by averaging the instability condition over all crack orientations as done previously. The new surface removes a discontinuity in the damage surface in ISOSCM when the pressure changes sign. (2) The strain due to crack opening is more consistent with crack mechanics, with only the tensile principal stresses contributing to the crack opening strain. This is achieved by incorporating a projection operator in the equation for the crack opening strain. One consequence of incorporating the projection operator is a prediction of shear dilatancy, which is not accounted for in ISOSCM. (3) The evolution of damage, which is based on the energy-release rate for the dominant crack, has a physical basis, whereas in the previous approach the damage growth rate was assumed to be an exponential function of the distance from the stress state to the damage surface without specific physical justification. An implicit algorithm has been developed so that a larger time step can be used than with the explicit algorithm used in ISOSCM. The numerical results of a silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic under several loading paths (hydrostatic tension/compression, uniaxial strain, uniaxial stress, and shear) and strain rates are presented to illustrate the main features of the model.
Progress in the development of airborne remote sensing instrumentation for the National Ecological Observatory Network

The National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a planned facility of the National Science Foundation with the mission to enable understanding and forecasting of the impacts of climate change, land use change and invasive species on continental-scale ecology. Airborne remote sensing plays a critical role by providing measurements at the scale of individual shrubs and larger plants over hundreds of square kilometers. The NEON Airborne Observation Platform is designed to bridge scales from organism and stand scales, as captured by plot and tower observations, to the scale of satellite based remote sensing. Fused airborne spectroscopy and waveform LiDAR is used to quantify vegetation composition and structure. Panchromatic photography at better than 30 cm resolution will retrieve fine-scale information on land use, roads, impervious surfaces, and built structures. NEON will build three airborne systems to allow for regular coverage of NEON sites and the capacity to respond to investigator requests for specific projects. The system design achieves a balance between performance and development cost and risk, taking full advantage of existing commercial airborne LiDAR and camera components. To reduce risk during NEON construction, an imaging spectrometer design verification unit is being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to demonstrate that operational and performance requirements can be met. As part of this effort, NEON is also focusing on science algorithm development, computing hardware prototyping and early airborne test flights with similar technologies. This paper presents an overview of the development status of the NEON airborne instrumentation in the context of the NEON mission.
Nitrogen Coordination in Oxynitride Glasses

Soda-silica and soda-lime-silica glasses were prepared with varying amounts of Si3N4, to produce oxynitride glasses with nitrogen contents up to 3.23 mol%. The glasses were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and evidence for the formation of tricoordinated nitrogen groups in the glasses was obtained.
Professional Partnerships and Educational Change: Effective Collaboration Over Time

Program directors of 38 collaborative award-winning ATE programs from 1977-1989 were surveyed to determine which programs still existed, which had changed and why. Of the 38 programs, 31 were still in operation. Reasons for program termination included changes in program emphasis, loss of funding, loss of key personnel, and lack of administrative support. Characteristics of successful school/university partnerships are discussed, and a holistic approach to teacher education collaboration is recommended.
Revisiting the Dialectic of Pain and Truth: War and Peace and The Death of Ivan Ilyich

In his excellent article on the function of pain in The Death of Ivan Ilyich, David Danaher argues that the increasing pain from which Ivan Ilyich suffers throughout the story both kills and resurrects him. Focusing primarily on linguistic devices, Danaher finds support for his thesis in Tolstoy’s use of figurative motifs such as journey and enclosure, oppositions such as light and dark, and thematic words and their derivatives, all of which he examines integrated into a narrative about pain. The focus of my study is different. First of all I deal more directly with physical pain. Some of the important changes that Danaher sees taking place in Ivan Ilyich are not the result of pain per se, but of illness in general. But just as important I also take a more genetic approach. I am interested in not only why Tolstoy chose physical pain as a vehicle to explore Ivan Ilyich’s journey, but why he chose a man like Ivan Ilyich to conduct his experiment. In War and Peace, in which Tolstoy shows no less interest in the relationship between physical pain and enlightenment, he chose a hero antithetical to Ivan Ilyich in almost every respect. For with regard to the portrayal of pain, The Death of Ivan Ilyich is more than a self-contained novel about pain, it is the continuation of an exploratory journey that started in War and Peace, in which the idiosyncratic and romantically imagined experiences of Andrei Bolkonsky in pain are replaced by the more universal and naturalistically portrayed experiences of Ivan Ilyich – and as we shall see – with dramatically different implications for interpretation.
Gastric duplication cyst masquerading as a mucinous pancreatic cyst: case report and literature review

Gastric duplication cysts are rare cystic neoplasms that are often difficult to distinguish from other entities. We describe a healthy 44-year-old woman who presented with acute right lower quadrant abdominal and flank pain as well as chronic nausea and constipation. Her physical examination was unremarkable but contrasted computed tomography revealed a 6 cm cystic lesion between the stomach and body of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasonography and fluid analysis were consistent with a mucinous cyst with a markedly elevated fluid carcinoembryonic antigen level. The patient subsequently underwent a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, which was converted to an open procedure when the lesion was noted to be adherent to the coeliac axis. Intraoperative endoscopy revealed no abnormality. Final pathology revealed a gastric duplication cyst. The patient recovered well and was asymptomatic on follow-up. In this report, we discuss the incidence, natural history and management of this rare entity.
The interaction of 7-substituted actinomycin D analogs with DNA

The interaction of actinomycin D and three new 7-substituted analogs with calf thymus DNA has been studied by a number of physical techniques. The methods utilized in this investigation include visible absorption spectrometry and ultrafiltration methodology for the determination of equilibrium binding constants; viscometry; and circular dichroism. The studies show that the 7-substituted actinomycin D analogs retain the G . C base pair specific DNA binding demonstrated by actinomycin D. The mode of binding to native DNA, despite substitution at position 7, is practically unaltered. The retention of this binding specificity by these analogs seems to be unaffected by changes in the electon properties of the chromophore.
REPRESENTATIVE AND NON-REPRESENTATIVE ITEMS FOR GIFTED STUDENTS ON THE PIERS-HARRIS CHILDREN'S SELF-CONCEPT SCALE

Increased attention has been given to measures of self-concept in recent years. While the primary focus has been on global measures of self-concept, some attention to component social/emotional factors has been explored. In these endeavors there have been few investigations into the self-concepts of gifted children. This study analyzed responses on the Piers-Harris Children's Self-concept Scale which had the highest rate of concurrence on representative and non-representative items for a group of gifted students. These 169 gifted students generated internally and maintained positive self-concepts while being relatively immune to external influences.
Building Community Resilience to Counter Violent Extremism

The Obama administration's new approach to countering violent extremism through engaging community partners challenges us to make a paradigm shift in how we understand the causes of terrorism. This approach is supported by theory, research findings, practice knowledge, and policy successes. However, for the US government to deliver on its promise of building community resilience, it is necessary to better understand the meanings of resilience as applied to US communities under the threat of violent extremism. The resilience approach will need to attend to the issues of multilevel dimensions, sociocultural context, community collaboration, and the need for further research.
Sensory gating in a computer model of the CA3 neural network of the hippocampus

We have developed a unique computer model of the CA3 region of the hippocampus that simulates the P50 auditory evoked potential response to repeated stimuli in order to study the neuronal circuits involved in a sensory processing deficit associated with schizophrenia. Our computer model of the CA3 hippocampal network includes recurrent activation from within the CA3 region as well as input from the entorhinal cortex and the medial septal nucleus. We used the model to help us determine if the cortical and septal inputs to the CA3 hippocampus alone are responsible for the gating of auditory evoked activity, or if the strong recurrent activity within the CA3 region contributes to this phenomenon. The model suggests that the medial septal input is critical for normal gating; however, to a large extent the activity of the medial septal input can be replaced by simulated stimulation of the hippocampal neurons by a nicotinic agonist. The model is thus consistent with experimental data that show that nicotine restores gating of the N40 evoked potential in fimbria-fornix lesioned rats and of the P50 evoked potential in schizophrenic patients.
WE‐E‐ValB‐03: Challenges and Opportunities in Image‐Guided Era

Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy(IMRT) is evolving rapidly; the radiation therapy community has begun to regard IMRT as the future standard of care, rather than as experimental or leading‐edge treatment. The effectiveness and benefit of IMRT have been confirmed in multiple cancers, specifically in head and neck and prostate cancers. However, IMRT adoption rates vary widely and are impacted primarily by the learning curve for clinic staff, capacity, and physician's practice patterns. Because physicians must participate to a much higher degree in planning and quality assurance, their learning curves to acquire necessary knowledge and skills in cross section anatomical images are also steep. Image‐guidedradiotherapy(IGRT) or adaptive radiotherapy is an emerging radiation therapytreatment methodology that complements IMRT.IGRT takes tumor and organ motion into consideration and monitor this motion in a near real time mode to make sure radiation is being delivered to the tumor. Furthermore incorporating functional images into management decision‐making has highlighted the future perspective of IGRT. However, to radiation oncology community the explosion of overwhelming technology has created challenges which include the lack of enabling tools to facilitate bench to bedside research, bridge knowledge gap, and improve quality and operational efficiency.
p66Shc Links α1-Adrenergic Receptors to a Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent AKT-FOXO3A Phosphorylation Pathway in Cardiomyocytes

p66Shc is an adapter protein that is induced by hypertrophic stimuli and has been implicated as a major regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cardiovascular oxidative stress responses. This study implicates p66Shc in an alpha(1)-adrenergtic receptor (alpha(1)-AR) pathway that requires the cooperative effects of protein kinase (PK)Cepsilon and PKCdelta and leads to AKT-FOXO3a phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. alpha(1)-ARs promote p66Shc-YY(239/240) phosphorylation via a ROS-dependent mechanism that is localized to caveolae and requires epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and PKCepsilon activity. alpha(1)-ARs also increase p66Shc-S(36) phosphorylation via an EGFR transactivation pathway involving PKCdelta. p66Shc links alpha(1)-ARs to an AKT signaling pathway that selectively phosphorylates/inactivates FOXO transcription factors and downregulates the ROS-scavenging protein manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD); the alpha(1)-AR-p66Shc-dependent pathway involving AKT does not regulate GSK3. Additional studies show that RNA interference-mediated downregulation of endogenous p66Shc leads to the derepression of FOXO3a-regulated genes such as MnSOD, p27Kip1, and BIM-1. p66Shc downregulation also increases proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression and induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, suggesting that p66Shc exerts an antihypertrophic action in neonatal cardiomyocytes. The novel alpha(1)-AR- and ROS-dependent pathway involving p66Shc identified in this study is likely to contribute to cardiomyocyte remodeling and the evolution of heart failure.
The reaction of 4,4'-difluoro-3,3'-dinitro-diphenyl sulfone with gamma-globulin and horseradish peroxidase

Abstract 1. 1. The degree of intermolecular coupling of horseradish peroxidase and γ-globulin (immunoglobulin, IgG) was less than 1% at 4° with a single addition of 4,4′-difluoro-3,3′-dinitro-diphenyl sulfone (FNPS). The reaction was studied in full detail to establish optimal conjugating conditions. 2. 2. Titration of horseradish peroxidase with FNPS, under optimal conditions, gave 1.6–1.7 moles of reagent bound per mole protein with retention of most of the enzymatic activity. Apoprotein after reaction with FNPS bound approx. 4.0 moles reagent per mole protein, suggesting that the heme prosthetic group of the enzyme blocked some lysyl residues from reacting. 3. 3. Samples of IgG reacted more readily with FNPS and bound between 5–16 moles of reagent per mole protein, depending upon the concentration of reagent and reaction time. 4. 4. Reaction mixtures containing both IgG and horseradish peroxidase showed 66-fold preferential binding of FNPS to IgG. Since IgG reacted well and polymerized, and since horseradish peroxidase did not dimerize and was structurally unchanged under optimal conditions of reagent addition, it was concluded that the poor yields of the conjugation were due to lack of reagent addition to the enzyme. 5. 5. Since these antibody conjugates contain large amounts of polymerized IgG, they should be used with caution.
A Comparison Between Walsh and Fourier Analysis of the Electroencephalogram for Tracking the Effects of Anesthesia

The effects that anesthesia has on the surgical patient can be characterized with the electroencephalogram (EEG). These effects are typically quantified through frequency analysis of the EEG signal. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) is usually employed for this purpose. In recent years, the fast Walsh transform (FWT) has been proposed as an alternative to the FFT for signal analysis because it is computationally more efficient, requiring less time to complete on a digital computer. This paper statistically evaluates the quantitative and dynamic differences between the results of Walsh and Fourier analysis of the EEG done for the purpose of characterizing the effects of anesthesia. This paper shows that there are quantitative differences between the results of the two frequency analysis techniques but they are dynamically equivalent, both showing essentially the same changes due to the effects of anesthesia. The efficiency of the FWT has been reconfirmed. These results support the use of the FWT in place of the FFT for tracking the effects of anesthesia on surgical patients with the EEG.
Neighborhood models of plant population dynamics 3. Models with spatial heterogeneity in the physical environment

Abstract Population dynamic models are developed for communities of annual plants in spatially heterogeneous environments. These models are constructed from submodels of the survivorship, fecundity, germination, and dispersal of individual plants. The submodels include the effects of spatially local interactions on plant performance and the spatial variation in performance caused by spatial heterogeneity in the physical environment. It is possible to estimate the submodels from data on experimental communities in either the field or greenhouse and so it is possible to empirically calibrate the population dynamic models developed. Each population dynamic model explicitly includes the spatial distribution of individuals in a plant community. Several two-species models for plants in patchy environments are studied to examine the community-level consequences of spatial heterogeneity in the physical environment. The results fall into two classes. First, community structure is in part determined by a relation between patch size and mean seed dispersal distance. Specifically, coexistence is, in some cases, possible only if patches are sufficiently larger than the mean dispersal distance. Second, community structure is also affected by relations between patch size and the maximum distance over which two plants interact (termed the neighborhood radius). In some cases, coexistence is possible only if patch size is sufficiently larger than the neighborhood radius. In others, the species coexist only if patch size is sufficiently smaller than the neighborhood radius. In still other cases, coexistence is possible only if patch sizes are within critical bounds, where the sizes of the critical bounds are in units of the neighborhood radius. All results involving relations between the neighborhood radius and patch size are direct consequences of the sedentary nature of plants and the fact that individual plants interact primarily with nearby plants.
MO-D-BRB-08: Optimization of the Collimator Design for a Novel Stereotactic Radiotherapy Device for Breast Cancer

Purpose: A dedicated stereotactic gamma irradiation device, GammaPod from Xcision Medical Systems, has been developed to treat breast cancer. An optimization of the collimator design is presented for the hemi‐spherical source carrier housing the Co60 irradiators. Methods: The GammaPod unit contains 36 Co‐60 sources modulated by 36 tungstencollimators positioned along 6 columns in a non‐coplanar and isocentric arrangement. The rotating collimator structure accommodates two different sizes of circular holes in addition to a position where sources are fully blocked. 9 dual‐collimator arrangements with diameter combinations of 5–15, 5–25, 5–30, 10–20, 10–25, 10–30, 15–25, 15–30 and 20–30 millimeters were investigated. Treatment plans were generated for five patients using MCdose distributions following a pre‐operative SBRT strategy and dose fractionation of 3×20Gy. The collimator arrangements are evaluated in terms of treatment plan quality and treatment efficiency. Results: Of the nine different arrangements, four (5–15, 5–25, 5–30 and 10–20 milllimeters) resulted in treatment lengths in excess of 30 minutes (range 40.6–59.7). In the remainder, treatments required 16.4, 21.9, 22.6, 27.4, 28.7 minutes for 20–30, 15–25, 15–30, 10–25 and 10–30 millimeter collimators respectively. All arrangements achieved target dose coverage goals (D95=DRx). Low dose spillage to ipsilateral breast, defined as V50% and V25% were least for the 15–25mm collimator, 8.3% and 15.6% respectively, while 20–30mm was only slightly higher, 8.4% and 16.3% (V50%=[8.3–9.0%] and V25%=[15.6–19.3%]). Among all five patients, the differences in all dosimetric parameters were statistically insignificant for these two collimators (p=0.47, 0.50 and 0.47 for V25%, V50% and V100%). The only significant parameter was treatment duration with population averages of 14.6 minutes for 20–30mm versus 26.7 for 15–25mm (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Among all collimator arrangements, no significant dosimetric advantage was observed with any collimator size. However, the 20–30mm collimator set was deemed most practical due to shortest treatment time required. Some co‐authors declare employment and shareholder interests with Xcision Medical Systems.
Assessment of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ag leaching from electronics waste using four extraction methods

Heavy metals present in electronic components may leach upon disposal and therefore pose significant environmental hazards. The potential leaching of Pb, Cd, Cr and Ag from PC cathode ray tubes, printed circuit boards (PCBs), PC mice, TV remote controls, and mobile phones was assessed. After controlled crushing, each component was extracted using the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP), EPA Method 1312 (SPLP), NEN 7371 (Dutch Environmental Agency), and DIN S4 (Germany). The TCLP consistently leached the greatest amounts of Pb from all components. The SPLP, NEN 7371 and DIN S4 extracted relatively small amounts of metals compared with the TCLP and were not considered effective as leaching tests for e-waste. The smallest size fraction (< 2 mm) of CRT glass and PCBs leached significantly (p < 0.05) highest Pb via the TCLP. A modified TCLP removed 50.9% more extractable Pb compared with the conventional procedure.
Ramsey numbers based on C 5 -decompositions

Abstract Multicolor Ramsey numbers are given for some small, dense graphs. The lower bounds are established using constructions which can be nearly decomposed into vertex-disjoint copies of C 5 .
HUMAN CORD AND NEWBORN BLOOD IS DECREASED IN NATURAL KILLER CELL CYTOTOXICITY IN COMPARISON WITH NORMAL ADULT

Because natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKC) is implicated in transplant rejection and we are involved in neonatal cardiac transplantation, it is important to understand normal NKC in neonates. We studied NKC in cord and newborn (2-4 days) blood from full term normal spontaneous vaginal delivery (FTNSVD) n=40, full term cesarean section (FTC/S) n=34, preterm normal spontaneous vaginal delivery(PTNSVD) n=18 and preterm cesarean section (PTC/S) n=14, and compared these with normal adult blood (NA), X=30,(22-42 yrs). NKC was measured by a standard 4 hr 51-Cr release assay using K562 as target cells. The Student's t-test was used to determine differences in NKC. The results at the 50:1 ratio were significantly different, p<0.01, between NA and both cord and newborn blood in all four groups. The slopes of the response curves for all these groups were also significantly different from NA, p<0.01. Preterm categories for cord NSVD and newborn C/S were significantly lower than their respective full term category, p<0.01. In addition, there was no significant difference between NSVD and C/S for all groups. In conclusion, cord and newborn blood in all groups studied were found to have significantly lower NKC than that of NA blood. These data provide a better understanding of normal NKC maturation in the neonate relative to transplantation and immunosuppression.
ON THE EXCITED CYCLOHEXANE MOLECULE AS A POSSIBLE EXCITATION DONOR IN LUMINESCENCE PROCESSES.

Abstract Data on the kinetics of processes involving radiation protection, luminescence and luminescence quenching in cyclohexane solutions as well as on absorption spectra and luminescence of aliphatic glasses are briefly reviewed. It is concluded that energy transfer in a cyclohexane system cannot involve excitation transfer from single excited cyclohexane molecules. The Laor-Weinreb results1 are explicable on the basis of charge transfer.
National perioperative outcomes of pulmonary lobectomy for cancer in the obese patient: A propensity score matched analysis

Objectives Obesity in the United States is a growing epidemic that results in challenging patients with complicated comorbidities. We sought to compare hospital outcomes of obese patients with those of nonobese patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy for cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and nonobese (body mass index 2 ) patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer. By using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 2002 to 2007, we determined independent risk factors for perioperative death, discharge to an institutional care facility, and prolonged hospital length of stay (>14 days). Cohorts were matched on the basis of propensity scores incorporating preoperative patient variables. Results We identified 1238 obese patients (3.7%) and 31,983 nonobese patients (96.3%) undergoing lobectomy for cancer. In regard to patient demographics, obese patients were younger (mean age, 64.8 vs 66.7, P P P = .03) and pneumonia ( P = .01) in the obese group, there were no differences in postoperative complications. By controlling for patient demographics, obese patients had higher odds to be discharged to an institutional care facility (odds ratio, 1.21; P = .02) but not for prolonged hospital length of stay or perioperative death. Conclusions Obese patients have an increased risk for postoperative pulmonary complications but not other morbidity, mortality, or prolonged hospital length of stay after lobectomy for cancer. Obesity should not be considered a surgical risk factor for pulmonary resection.
Small-scale telomere repeat sequence content assay using pyrophosphorolysis coupled with ATP detection.

Studies of telomere length have been carried out in diverse areas of research. However, current methods to measure telomeres are cumbersome and not amenable to high-throughput analyses. Using a cou...
Formation control of car-like mobile robots: A Lyapunov function based approach

In literature leader - follower strategy has been used extensively for formation control of car-like mobile robots with the control law being derived from the kinematics. This paper takes it a step further and a nonlinear control law is derived using Lyapunov analysis for formation control of car-like mobile robots using robot dynamics. Controller is split into two parts. The first part is the development of a velocity controller for the follower from the error kinematics (linear and angular). The second part involves the use of the dynamics of the robot in the development of a torque controller for both the drive and the steering system of the car-like mobile robot. Unknown quantities like friction, desired accelerations (unmeasured) are computed using an online neural network. Simulations results prove the ability of the controller to effectively stabilize the formation while maintaining the desired relative distance and bearing.
Movement Science and Its Relevance to Physical Therapy

The purpose for a special series of articles in Physical Therapy devoted to movement science is threefold. First, physical therapists will be exposed to current research in this broad behavioral domain. This may have important implications for the discipline and profession of physical therapy. Second, physical therapists will have access to a body of knowledge that may have been overlooked because it was not seen as immediately relevant to clinical practice. Third, the series could serve as a basis for curriculum development and study in physical therapy education programs. By providing this exposure in Physical Therapy , unjustified barriers to particular research questions, methodologies, and related literatures may be overcome. Two concepts are presented that provide a framework for the 23 contributions to the movement science special series.…
Acute postoperative delirium: definitions, incidence, recognition, and interventions.

Emergence excitement or delirium is a common postanesthesia complication. Often, the emergence excitement resolves quickly, and the patient's continued recovery is uneventful. Although the initial period of excitement may be short lived and resolve without long-term sequela, some patients may experience acute postoperative delirium, a phenomenon that is more difficult to assess and of potentially longer duration. Although patients are spending less time in the hospital after surgical procedures, concern over the potential development of acute postoperative delirium remains. Patients at risk present in ambulatory surgery centers and inpatient perianesthesia settings daily. Identification of at-risk patients is crucial to avoiding the development of delirium in the acute postanesthesia care setting. The purpose of this selective review is to define acute postoperative delirium and its incidence, discuss assessment and recognition, describe interventions, and identify future considerations related to this phenomenon.
Formal Software Analysis Emerging Trends in Software Model Checking

The study of methodologies and techniques to produce correct software has been active for four decades. During this period, researchers have developed and investigated a wide variety of approaches, but techniques based on mathematical modeling of program behavior have been a particular focus since they offer the promise of both finding errors and assuring important program properties. The past fifteen years have seen a marked and accelerating shift towards algorithmic formal reasoning about program behavior - we refer to these as formal software analysis. In this paper, we define formal software analyses as having several important properties that distinguish them from other forms of software analysis. We describe three foundational formal software analyses, but focus on the adaptation of model checking to reason about software. We review emerging trends in software model checking and identify future directions that promise to significantly improve its cost-effectiveness.
Near-infrared spectra of laboratory H2O–CH4 ice mixtures

Abstract We present 1.25–19 μm infrared spectra of pure solid CH4 and H2O/CH4=87, 20, and 3 solid mixtures at temperatures from 15 to 150 K. We compare and contrast the absorptions of CH4 in solid H2O with those of pure CH4. Changes in selected peak positions, profiles, and relative strength with temperature are presented, and absolute strengths for absorptions of CH4 in solid H2O are estimated. Using the two largest ( ν 3 + ν 4 ) and ( ν 1 + ν 4 ) near-IR absorptions of CH4 at 2.324 and 2.377 μm (4303 and 4207 cm−1), respectively, as examples, we show that peaks of CH4 in solid H2O are at slightly shorter wavelength (higher frequency) and broader than those of pure solid CH4. With increasing temperature, these peaks shift to higher frequency and become increasingly broad, but this trend is reversible on re-cooling, even though the phase transitions of H2O are irreversible. It is to be hoped that these observations of changes in the positions, profiles, and relative intensities of CH4 absorptions with concentration and temperature will be of use in understanding spectra of icy outer Solar System bodies.
Context-based multimodal input understanding in conversational systems

In a multimodal human-machine conversation, user inputs are often abbreviated or imprecise. Sometimes, merely fusing multimodal inputs together cannot derive a complete understanding. To address these inadequacies, we are building a semantics-based multimodal interpretation framework called MIND (Multimodal Interpretation for Natural Dialog). The unique feature of MIND is the use of a variety of contexts (e.g., domain context and conversation context) to enhance multimodal fusion. In this paper we present a semantically rich modeling scheme and a context-based approach that enable MIND to gain a full understanding of user inputs, including ambiguous and incomplete ones.