cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An approach to integrating accounting courses

Abstract This paper presents an approach for actively engaging students in developing the integration skills identified by the AICPA and others as needed for success in the accounting profession. Student groups first answer a set of questions in a comparison grid and then complete a related application case. The grid and case contrast the treatment of a specific accounting issue from the perspective of different accounting courses. We illustrate our approach with the treatment of bad debts from a financial/tax perspective. An appendix provides financial/audit and managerial/tax grids and cases. Assessment results suggest that the approach helps improve students' integration skills.
FEEDBACK CONTROL OF A QUADRATIC MAP MODEL OF CARDIAC CHAOS

This paper describes methods based on engineering feedback principles for controlling cardiac chaos modeled by a quadratic map. We first discuss briefly the linear approach which is effective at controlling the map to fixed point or near fixed point target trajectories. We then describe and demonstrate self-tuning methods that can control the chaotic orbits of the map to arbitrary period one, two, or three target trajectories. We conclude with a discussion comparing the merits of this approach to the OGY method used by Garfinkel et al. [1992] for control of complex rhythms in rabbit septal preparations, and to the flat-topped quadratic mapping method of Glass and Zeng [1994].
Healthcare Justice and Rational Democratic Deliberation

(2001). Healthcare Justice and Rational Democratic Deliberation. The American Journal of Bioethics: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 20-21.
Power system reliability evaluation

Abstract A review is provided of indices and methods for evaluating power system reliability performance using probability theory. Particular emphasis is placed on development since about 1960, when a stochastic process view of power systems was used for reliability evaluation. The present status of such evaluation is given, and desirable areas of further research are outlined.
Evaluation of Ventricular Function by Radioisotopic Technics

Radioisotopes are finding increasing use in the evaluation of both right and left ventricular function.1 Two approaches have emerged that show promise for clinical application. Measurements of vent...
Fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis Technology and applications

Carbohydrates, in particular the complex carbohydrates conjugated to proteins and lipids, have important functions in a variety of biological systems. Their isolation and structural determination-prerequisites for elucidation of their biological functions-have been technical challenges for many decades. Almost all available chromatographic and electrophoretic methods as well as NMR and MS have been applied to carbohydrate analysis but none has proved satisfactory in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, reproducibility, cost and requirement for materials. Recently, a technique called fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis was developed which is very promising. It separates fluorescently-labeled carbohydrates on polyacrylamide gels and uses a charge-coupled device camera to detect and quantitate the products. This review describes the principles of the method and its applications to several aspects of research on carbohydrate-containing biological biomolecules.
Evolutionary psychology and the origins of justice

Justice defines our discipline in both name and substance; yet its origin is a neglected topic. I explore the origins of the human “sense of justice” from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. My thesis is that the human sense of justice is a biological adaptation in the fullest sense of the word: That is, an evolved solution to problems faced by our distant ancestors. I explore the role of reciprocal altruism and of “cheating” and cheater detection as exerting pressure for the selection of moral outrage in our species. Moral outrage leads to the desire to punish, which serves an expiatory role. This punishment can be tempered with mercy by tapping into the evolved emotions of empathy and sympathy as cultural ideas defining all human beings as intrinsically valuable. Reconciliation and reintegration as contained in restorative justice are also examined from this naturalistic perspective. I conclude by exploring how cultural variability can be accommodated.
Happiness, unselfishness, and popularity.

Summary The interrelations among happiness, unselfishness, and popularity were investigated in a sample of 175 men and women undergraduates and college-aged volunteers. Happiness and popularity were assessed directly by self-rating scales and unselfishness was measured covertly by reported interest in “helping people.” Happiness was found to be related to self-reported popularity with the opposite sex for men and women (rs = .37 and .35, respectively) but to unselfishness for men only (r = .27). Unselfishness also correlated with popularity for men only (r = . 26). For both sexes, the partial correlations between happiness and unselfishness (popularity controlled for) were insignificant. It was suggested that unselfish men may be more popular with the opposite sex and, therefore, report greater happiness.
Allergic Fungal Rhinosinusitis

Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis is a phenotype of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, characterized by type 1 hypersensitivity to fungi, eosinophilic mucin with fungal hyphae in sinus secretions, and propensity for mucocele formation and bone erosion. Although its differentiation from other forms of chronic polypoid rhinosinusitis with eosinophilic mucin is sometimes problematic, type 1 hypersensitivity is a component of the disease process. Medical and surgical management can be augmented by immunotherapy directed toward the patient's specific allergen sensitivities. The primary rationale for immunotherapy is to control the allergic diathesis that may be contributing to the patient's chronic sinus inflammation.
Useful ion yields for Cameca IMS 3f and 6f SIMS: Limits on quantitative analysis

Abstract The useful yields (ions detected/atom sputtered) of major and trace elements in NIST 610 glass were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) using Cameca IMS 3f and 6f instruments. Useful yields of positive ions at maximum transmission range from 10 − 4 to 0.2 and are negatively correlated with ionization potential. We quantified the decrease in useful yields when applying energy filtering or high mass resolution techniques to remove molecular interferences. The useful yields of selected negative ions (O, S, Au) in magnetite and pyrite were also determined. These data allow the analyst to determine if a particular analysis (trace element contents or isotopic ratio) can be achieved, given the amount of sample available and the conditions of the analysis.
Finding emotion in image descriptions

In this paper, we approach the problem of classifying emotion in image descriptions. A method is proposed to perform 6-way emotion classification and is tested against two labeled datasets: a corpus of blog posts mined from LiveJournal and a corpus of descriptive texts of computer generated scenes. We perform feature selection using the mRMR technique and then use a multi-class linear predictor to classify posts among the Ekman Big Six emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust) [9]. We find that TFIDF scores on lexical features and LIWC scores are much more helpful in emotion classification than using scores calculated from existing sentiment dictionaries, and that our proposed method performs significantly better than a baseline classifier that chooses the majority class. On the blog posts, we achieve 40% accuracy, and on the corpus of image descriptions, we achieve up to 63% accuracy.
An essential octamer motif in the mb-1 (Igα) promoter

The mb-1 (Igalpha) gene is B cell-specific and expressed throughout B cell maturation. In combination with B29 (Igbeta) and surface immunoglobulin mb-1 comprises the B cell receptor complex (BCR). The murine mb-1 promoter has been characterized to depend on the trans-acting transcription factors; Sp1, ets, lkaros, and EBF for full promoter activity. These trans-acting factors are also involved in the regulation of mb-1's closely related heterodimeric partner, B29. However, octamer transcription factors 1 and 2 (Oct-1 and Oct-2) are also necessary for full B29 promoter activity while they are not known to be required for mb-1 promoter activity. Here, we show that the octamer transcription factors bind a degenerate octamer consensus sequence within the mb-1 promoter. Like B29, the mb-1 octamer-binding, motif interacted with both ubiquitously expressed Oct-1 and the B cell-specific Oct-2 transcription factors. Furthermore, the interaction of Oct-1 and Oct-2 contributed to the regulation of the mb-1 promoter as site-directed mutations within the octamer motif substantially reduced its activity. These data confirm that octamer factor interactions and function contribute to the full transcriptional activity of the mb-1 promoter.
Monovalent H1N1 influenza vaccine safety in pregnant women, risks for acute adverse events

Abstract Objective To assess risks for acute adverse events and pregnancy complications in pregnant women following monovalent 2009 H1N1 inactivated influenza (MIV) vaccination. Methods Within the Vaccine Safety Datalink, we compared rates of pre-specified medically attended events (MAE) occurring within 42 days of MIV vaccination to those occurring in matched cohorts that at the same gestational age were either unvaccinated or received seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza (TIV) vaccine. Using generalized estimating equation method, with a Poisson distribution and log link, we calculated adjusted incident rate ratios (AIRR). Results Among 9349 women receiving MIV in any trimester, only one MAE occurred 0–3 days following MIV, an allergic reaction. No cases of Guillain–Barre syndrome, Bell's palsy, or transverse myelitis occurred 1–42 days after MIV. Compared to women receiving TIV and to unvaccinated women, risks for acute MAEs were not increased following MIV for any outcome. Hyperemesis was the most common adverse event in the MIV, TIV, and unvaccinated groups, occurring at a rate of about 4% over a 42-day period in all groups. Over a 42-day window, among all groups, incident gestational diabetes occurred at a rate of 3% and thrombocytopenia occurred at a rate of approximately 0.3%. Among women receiving MIV during pregnancy, increased risks for these and other less common obstetric events were not detected. Conclusion In this large cohort of pregnant women no acute safety signals were identified within 6 weeks of receipt of MIV.
Stochastic optimal motion planning and estimation for the attitude kinematics on SO(3)

This paper investigates stochastic motion planning and estimation for the attitude kinematics of a rigid body. A Fokker-Planck equation on the special orthogonal group is numerically solved via noncommutative harmonic analysis to obtain computational tools to propagate a probability density function over the attitude kinematics. Based on this, a stochastic optimal control problem is formulated for motion planning, and a Bayesian framework is applied for estimation. The proposed intrinsic, geometric formulation does not require the common assumption that uncertainties are Gaussian or localized. It can be also applied to complex rotational maneuvers of a rigid body without singularities in a unified way. The desirable properties are illustrated by numerical examples.
Does Decision Process Matter? A Study Of Strategic Decision-making Effectiveness

This study examined whether strategic decision-making processes are related to decision effectiveness, using a longitudinal field study design. We studied 52 decisions in 24 companies to determine ...
Enseñanza reflexiva y profesores universitarios noveles: desafíos para la mejora de la enseñanza

Resumen Abstract S e describen y analizan los procesos reflexivos que acompanan el desarro-llo del conocimiento practico de dos profesoras universitarias noveles. El pro-fesorado universitario novel se encuentra en una etapa clave de su carrera docente en la que recien esta desarrollando su co-nocimiento profesional, y durante la cual enfrenta una serie de dificultades. A traves de esta investigacion, de caracter cualitati-vo, se lleva a cabo un seguimiento de las practicas de ensenanza de dos profesoras noveles de una universidad espanola iden-tificando los procesos reflexivos que las acompanan. Se propone que dichos proce-sos reflexivos debieran ser sistematicos y potenciados a traves de instancias formati-vas colaborativas. T his article describes and analyzes the reflective processes that take place in the practical teaching of two beginning university teachers. Novi-ce university teachers are at a crucial stage in their teaching career as their teaching knowledge is being developed while they face several challenges. Through this qua-litative research, the teaching practices de-veloped by two beginning teachers from a Spanish University are explored as well as their respective reflective processes. It is proposed that these processes should be-come more systematic as well as enhanced through participation in collaborative for-mative spaces.Palabras clave:• Profesorado novel• Universidad• Conocimiento docente practico• Procesos reflexivos• Investigacion cualitativa.Key words:• Beginning teachers• University• Practical teaching knowledge• Reflective teaching• Qualitative research.
SME adoption of electronic commerce technologies: implications for the emerging National Information Infrastructure

Compares models of technology adoption for small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) and notes that a learning model captures much of the research findings across a wide range of settings. The paper reviews the implication of such a model for SME adoption of electronic commerce technology (ECT). Adopting this technology is necessary if SMEs are to participate in the emerging National Information Infrastructure (NII) and its defense counterpart (DII). These systems are expected to provide US SMEs with competitive advantages, but only if SMEs implement technology that enables them to use this network. Evidence suggests that small firms are currently ill-equipped to realize benefits from the NII. Because SMEs contribute significantly to the creation of jobs and payrolls for the US economy, their contribution could be at risk unless they are able to participate in the emerging electronic network. The paper concludes with a suggested strategy for accelerating the adoption process.
Multiple Sclerosis and the Spinal Cord

Many clinical manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS) may be attributed to spinal cord disease. MS may have classic presentation or a more complex presentation. MS is mainly a relapsing remitting disease, but there is also an insidious form that is progressive, known as primary progressive MS (PPMS). PPMS may not be identified for extended periods of time and should be on the differential of chronic myelopathies. Early diagnosis of MS rests on awareness of a clinically isolated syndrome and the required magnetic resonance imaging criteria. Early diagnosis results in early institution of treatment and a superior response.
Botulinum Toxin as a Tool for Research on the Nervous System

In recent years there has been a great increase of interest in the mechanisms by which nerves transfer information to other nerves and to nonneural end organs. New chemical, pharmacological and physiological techniques have been developed to study the variety of neurotransmitter agents and mechanisms which exist in nature. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the sequence of events from synthesis of a transmitter through its ultimate effect at the innervated end-organ is incomplete for any given agent or synapse.
Does a Production Deficiency Hypothesis Account for Vocabulary Learning Among Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

To test a production deficiency view of learning disabilities, students identified as learning disabled or normally achieving were compared on a vocabulary learning task. Subjects studied a list of words and definitions and then took a sentence completion vocabulary test. Subjects were not told how to study. The learning disabled group learned fewer words than the normally achieving group, as indicated by vocabulary learning test scores. The two groups did not differ in the observable learning strategies used during the study period; the most frequently observed strategy was rehearsal with self-testing. For all subjects, strategy use did not account for vocabulary learning score. Scores on standardized reading vocabulary and comprehension tests predicted vocabulary learning test score for the total group. The implications of these findings relative to a production deficiency view of learning disabilities are discussed.
The Impact of Assistive Technologies on Formal and Informal Home Care

Purpose of the study Assistive technologies help people with disabilities compensate for their impairments. This study assessed which of 5 categories of assistive technologies-indoor/outdoor mobility, bed transfer, bathing, toileting, and telephone assistance-were substitutes or complements for human personal assistance by differentiating between total and formal personal assistance service (PAS) hours. Design and methods The study analyzed 2004 National Long-Term Care Survey community-dwelling respondents receiving assistance with activities of daily living. Ordinary least squares (OLS) on total PAS hours was estimated on the entire sample, and logit and OLS models were estimated on the likelihood and hours of formal PAS, respectively. Results Assistive technology for indoor/outdoor mobility, bed transfer, and bathing was found to be substitutes for total PAS, whereas assistive technology for bed transfer and toileting was found to be complements for the use of formal PAS. Telephone assistance was not significant for either total or formal PAS hours. Implications The use of some assistive technologies by older people with disabilities appears to reduce the amount of informal care provided, but not the amount of paid PAS. Thus, this study does not provide support for the hypothesis that the use of assistive technologies will reduce use of paid care and, therefore, spending for long-term care.
The effectiveness of bivalving, cast spreading, and webril cutting to reduce cast pressure in a fiberglass short arm cast.

Background: A fiberglass short arm cast can be used to treat a distal radial fracture, but posttraumatic edema may lead to excessive cast tightness and resultant soft-tissue injury. We sought to quantify a simulated edema-induced pressure within a fiberglass short arm cast and to determine the effectiveness of different cast-cutting methods for pressure reduction. We hypothesized that cast cutting could eliminate all clinically relevant pressure and Ace wrap would insignificantly increase pressure. Methods: Skin surface pressure under fiberglass short arm casts was measured on ninety wrists from forty-five volunteers randomly assigned to one cast-cutting method: single-cut (cast bivalve and Ace wrap), double-cut (cast bivalve, spread, and Ace wrap), or triple-cut (cast bivalve, spread, Webril cut, and Ace wrap). Each wrist was immobilized in a cast in the neutral position with one roll of 2-inch (5.1-cm) cotton Webril and one roll of 2-inch (5.1-cm) fiberglass. Each fiberglass short arm cast contained an empty intravenous fluid bag in which we infused air. This simulated edema, which generated a skin surface pressure, which was measured by a pressure transducer. Results: Each cast-cutting method significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) the skin surface pressure from the average maximum of 92.5 mm Hg in a non-fracture setting. Prior to Ace wrapping, there was a reduction in skin surface pressure of 70.8% for the single-cut method, 85.1% for the double-cut method, and 99.9% for the triple-cut method. Ace wrap significantly increased skin surface pressure (p < 0.0001), lessening the effectiveness of cast cutting. There was an overall reduction in skin surface pressure of 55.9% for the single-cut method, 64.3% for the double-cut method, and 77.2% for the triple-cut method. Throughout our study, women had significantly higher skin surface pressure than men (p < 0.0001); the average maximum was 104.4 mm Hg for women and 81.1 mm Hg for men. Conclusions: The single-cut method provides the greatest pressure reduction, but only the triple-cut method eliminated all relevant skin surface pressure. Ace wrapping a cut cast noticeably increased skin surface pressure. Clinical Relevance: In volunteers without a fracture, only the triple-cut method is effective enough to eliminate clinically relevant skin surface pressure. Ace wrap should be applied with caution after the cast is cut. The specific effect on pressure reduction in a patient who requires some soft-tissue pressure to maintain fracture reduction was not studied.
Genetic Basis of Prune Belly Syndrome: Screening for HNF1β Gene

Purpose: Although the cause of prune belly syndrome is unknown, familial evidence suggests a genetic component. Recently 2 nonfamilial cases of prune belly syndrome with chromosome 17q12 deletions encompassing the HNF1β gene have made this a candidate gene for prune belly syndrome. To date, there has been no large-scale screening of patients with prune belly syndrome for HNF1β mutations. We assessed the role of HNF1β in prune belly syndrome by screening for genomic mutations with functional characterization of any detected mutations.Materials and Methods: We studied patients with prune belly syndrome who were prospectively enrolled in our Pediatric Genitourinary DNA Repository since 2001. DNA from patient samples was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced for coding and splice regions of the HNF1β gene, and compared to control databases. We performed functional assay testing of the ability of mutant HNF1β to activate a luciferase construct with an HNF1β DNA binding site.Results: From 32 prune b...
A new click beetle genus from the Chilean Central Andes: Bohartina (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Elaterinae)

Bohartina Arias, a new genus of Elateridae from forests in the Andean Cordillera of Central Chile, is here described and illustrated with 2 species: B. vilchesensis sp. nov. and B. palmae sp. nov. The genus Bohartina belongs to the subfamily Elaterinae and to the tribe Agriotini.
Family Relationships and Adolescent Psychosocial Outcomes: Converging Findings From Eastern and Western Cultures

This study investigated the role of parent-adolescent relationships in mediating the association between family-related negative life events and adolescent depressive symptoms and problem behaviors among 1,696 eleventh graders from the United States (n = 201), China (n = 502), Korea (n = 497), and Czech Republic (n = 496). Results indicated that perceived parental involvement and parent-adolescent conflict mediated the link between family-related life events and adolescent depressed mood. The path from family-related life events to adolescent problem behaviors was mediated by perceived parental involvement, parent-adolescent conflict, and perceived parental sanctions of adolescent misconduct. With the exception of minor cross-cultural differences in the magnitude of associations among variables, this study revealed considerable similarity in the association of family factors with adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. The findings contribute to the growing literature on culture-general developmental processes.
High-temperature thermopower in La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 films: Evidence for polaronic transport.

Thermoelectric power, electrical resistivity, and magnetization experiments, performed in the paramagnetic phase of ${\mathrm{La}}_{2/3}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{1/3}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$, provide evidence for polaron-dominated conduction in colossal magnetoresistance materials. At high temperatures, a large, nearly-field-independent difference between the activation energies for resistivity \ensuremath{\rho} and thermopower S, a characteristic of Holstein polarons, is observed, and ln\ensuremath{\rho} ceases to scale with the magnetization. On approaching ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, both energies become field dependent, indicating that the polarons are magnetically polarized. Below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, the thermopower follows a law S(H)\ensuremath{\sim}1/\ensuremath{\rho}(H) as in nonsaturated ferromagnetic metals. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
On Kalman Filtering With Nonlinear Equality Constraints

The state space description of some physical systems possess nonlinear equality constraints between some state variables. In this paper, we consider the problem of applying a Kalman filter-type estimator in the presence of such constraints. We categorize previous approaches into pseudo-observation and projection methods and identify two types of constraints-those that act on the entire distribution and those that act on the mean of the distribution. We argue that the pseudo-observation approach enforces neither type of constraint and that the projection method enforces the first type of constraint only. We propose a new method that utilizes the projection method twice-once to constrain the entire distribution and once to constrain the statistics of the distribution. We illustrate these algorithms in a tracking system that uses unit quaternions to encode orientation
Benzoquinone-derived sulfinyl imines as versatile intermediates for alkaloid synthesis: Total synthesis of (–)-3-demethoxyerythratidinone

The preparation and synthetic applications of benzoquinone monoketal-derived N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines is described. These synthetically versatile intermediates undergo highly diastereoselective 1,2-addition reactions with organometallic reagents to provide 4-aminocyclohexadienones in good yields. The utility of this methodology is demonstrated in a six-step enantioselective synthesis of (–)-3-demethoxyerythratidinone.
Effect of vitamin B12 deficiency on neurodevelopment in infants: current knowledge and possible mechanisms

Severe vitamin B12 deficiency produces a cluster of neurological symptoms in infants, including irritability, failure to thrive, apathy, anorexia, and developmental regression, which respond remarkably rapidly to supplementation. The underlying mechanisms may involve delayed myelination or demyelination of nerves; alteration in the S-adenosylmethionine:S-adenosylhomocysteine ratio; imbalance of neurotrophic and neurotoxic cytokines; and/or accumulation of lactate in brain cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning infantile vitamin B12 deficiency, including a pooled analysis of case studies of infants born to mothers with untreated pernicious anemia or a strict vegetarian lifestyle and a discussion of the mechanisms that may underlie the manifestations of deficiency.
Glutamine and Glutamate Metabolism across the Liver Sinusoid

The liver shows net glutamine uptake after a protein-containing meal, during uncontrolled diabetes, sepsis and short-term starvation, but changes to net release during long-term starvation and metabolic acidosis. Some studies report a small net release of glutamate by the liver. The differential expression of glutamine synthetase (perivenous) and glutaminase (periportal) within the liver indicates that glutamine is used for urea synthesis in periportal cells, whereas glutamine synthesis serves to detoxify any residual ammonia in perivenous cells. Experiments in vivo suggest that changes in net hepatic glutamine balance are due predominantly to regulation of glutaminase activity, with the flux through glutamine synthetase being relatively constant.
A hybrid geometric-optical radiative-transfer model for directional reflectance of discontinuous vegetation canopies

At the scale of a small volume in which leaves can be regarded as being homogeneously distributed, some recently developed RT (radiative transfer) theories can accurately model directional reflectance of plant canopies by using such descriptors as leaf scattering characteristics, leaf size, etc. However, at the scale of a stand, GO (geometric optical) models catch the basic features of discontinuous canopies under sunlight, i.e., the foliage is clustered into crowns and the crowns cast shadows. Hence in practice up to now, simple pure GO models are the only models applicable to natural discrete crown canopies. However, pure GO models require signatures of sunlit and shaded crown surface and background as known parameters under a given situation or to be determined in situ. This has been proven a major restricting factor in applications and model inversion. The authors present a hybrid GO-RT approach to model the radiation climate in a discontinuous canopy. A key element in this approach is a gap probability (P/sub gap/) model which the authors developed earlier. P/sub gap/ between crowns, on one hand, can be obtained through a pure GO model which reflects the structure at the stand scale. On the other hand, P/sub gap/ within the crown is closely related to the process that radiation collides and is scattered by foliage. Hence P/sub gap/ becomes a natural link between the two kinds of models at their corresponding scales. Vertical distribution of sunlit clown surface is first obtained by GO method. Then the within-crown pathlength distributions and associated single scattering source distributions at different heights are obtained. Successive orders of scattering are handled with a formulation more similar to radiative theories, with considering the openness distribution of discontinuous canopies. >
Breaking the Multicommodity Flow Barrier for O(vlog n)-Approximations to Sparsest Cut

This paper ties the line of work on algorithms that find an O(√log(n))-approximation to the sparsest cut together with the line of work on algorithms that run in sub-quadratic time by using only single-commodity flows. We present an algorithm that simultaneously achieves both goals, finding an O(√log(n)/epsilon)-approximation using O(n^epsilon log^O(1) n) max-flows. The core of the algorithm is a stronger, algorithmic version of Arora et al.'s structure theorem, where we show that matching-chaining argument at the heart of their proof can be viewed as an algorithm that finds good augmenting paths in certain geometric multicommodity flow networks. By using that specialized algorithm in place of a black-box solver, we are able to solve those instances much more efficiently. We also show the cut-matching game framework can not achieve an approximation any better than Omega(log(n)/log log(n)) without re-routing flow.
Impact Of IASB & FASB On Financial Statements

The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of material differences in the conceptual framework of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) on the financial statements.
Little time for diabetes management in the primary care setting.

PURPOSE his study was conducted to determine how time is allocated to diabetes care. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes who were receiving care from the internal medicine residents were shadowed by research nurses to observe the process of management. The amount of time spent with patients and the care provided were observed and documented. RESULTS The total time patients spent in the clinic averaged 2 hours and 26 minutes: 1 to 9 minutes waiting, 25 minutes with the resident, and 12 minutes with medical assistants and nurses. The residents spent an average of only 5 minutes on diabetes. Glucose monitoring was addressed in 70% of visits; a history of hypoglycemia was sought in only 30%. Blood pressure values were mentioned in 75% of visits; hemoglobin A1c (A1C) values were addressed in only 40%. The need for proper foot care was discussed in 55% of visits; feet were examined in only 40%. Although 65% of patients had capillary glucose levels greater than 150 mg/dL during the visit and their A1 C averaged 8.9%, therapy was intensified for only 15% of patients. CONCLUSIONS During a routine office visit in a resident-staffed general medicine clinic, little time is devoted to diabetes management. Given the time pressures on the primary care practitioner and the need for better diabetes care, it is essential to teach an efficient but systematic approach to diabetes care.
Response patterns of craniomandibular muscles with and without alterations in sensory feedback

1. Surface EMG recordings were made bilaterally from the anterior part of the temporal muscle, superficial masseter muscle, and the suprahyoid complex of muscles while tracking mandibular incisor movement in three planes. This was done in 20 normal subjects with 16 different responses. Some responses involved clenching whereas other responses occurred with actual mandibular movement. 2. Each muscle demonstrated a probability of recruitment dependent on the response that correlated with the intensity of recruitment. The higher the probability of recruitment, the greater the intensity of muscle activity. 3. The anterior temporal muscle demonstrated no statistically significant difference in any of the responses between the left and right muscles. The masseter muscle also demonstrated bilateral symmetry. 4. The anterior part of the temporal muscle was recruited in more than 60% of its trials (60% to 100%) in ipsilateral laterotrusion, retrusion, fast vertical raising, clenching on the ipsilateral or intercuspal position, and mastication. The temporal muscle was recruited in less than 60% of its trials in contralateral and incisor clenching, and less than 30% in contralateral laterotrusion, protrusion, and opening. 5. The superficial masseter muscle was recruited in more than 60% of its trials in protrusion, vertical raising, all clenches, and mastication. The masseter muscle was recruited less than 60% in retrusion, ipsilateral laterotrusion, and opening. 6. The suprahyoid group of muscles was recruited in more than 60% of its trials in protrusion, opening, and mastication. This group of muscles was recruited less than 60% of the time in clenching, lateral movements, and rapid vertical raising of the mandible. 7. Applying a maxillary splint to seven subjects significantly decreased the recruitment of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles during mastication. The splint also modified the use of the masseter muscle during protrusion so that it was less active, but increased its recruitment during contralateral clenching. The suprahyoid muscle group was unaffected by the maxillary splint. 8. These data support the concept that movement of the mandible from the intercuspal or rest position develops a coactivation pattern that will excite or inhibit a given muscle regardless of whether clenching with occlusal contacts or no occlusal contact is involved. 9. The data also demonstrate that the maxillary splint can alter the use of the jaw elevator muscles, predominantly in mastication.
Analytic solution of film compensated bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays

In this paper, we studied the optics of transmissive bistable nematic liquid crystal displays by using the Poincare sphere approach. We derived analytical solutions of the polarization state of the outcoming light for the two bistable states. We have found the optimum modes of film compensated bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal displays. Our results show that the number of optimized modes at a fixed wavelength of film-compensated bistable twisted nematic (BTN) is infinite. We identified the optimized modes for displays operated in the whole visible light wavelength region. We calculated the transmission spectra of the two bistable states of the optimized modes.
Extracellular Factor Synthesized by Bacillus cereus Which Evokes a Dermal Reaction in Guinea Pigs

A guinea pig skin assay was developed as a measure of ileal loop fluid-inducing factor in the rabbit and possibly of the causative principle of Bacillus cereus food poisoning. A green or bloody necrotic reaction was produced in the guinea pig skin by injection of culture filtrates from 21 of 24 B. cereus strains tested, and by no other Bacillus species tested except for the closely related B. thuringiensis. The skin factor was synthesized and excreted by logarithmically growing cells, inactivated by heating at 56 C for 5 min, precipitable by ammonium sulfate, and was nondialyzable. The skin activity was not related to the lecithinolytic or hemolytic activities of B. cereus. Production of the skin factor depended on the medium in which the culture was growing. The factor was an antigenically active substance. There are indications that at least two antigenically distinct species of skin factors exist.
Effect of Cardiac, Pulmonary, and Vascular Disease on One-Minute Oxygen Uptake

A simplified method for estimation of one-minute oxygen uptake ($$o 2 -l) during treadmill grade walking at vertical power requirements of 250, 750, and 1,000 kg-meters/min was devised, where power = weight (kg) × grade (fractional) × walking speed. All subjects were men. There were 29 controls, 34 subjects with coronary arterial disease (of whom 18 had had myocardial infarction), nine subjects with diffuse pulmonary disease, and four subjects with ischemic vascular disease. Abnormally reduced values for $$o 2 -1 were related to these diseases and, more specifically, to a history of myocardial infarction and (in pulmonary subjects) to reduced single-breath diffusing capacity. Lowest values of Vo 2 -1 for a group were found in ischemic vascular disease. Reduced response of Vo 2 -1 may therefore be caused by central defects of oxygen transport.
Two new species of Afronurus Lestage, 1924, from Hong Kong, China (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae)

3 Corresponding author Abstract Afronurus alces, sp. nov., and A. otus, sp. nov., are described based on male adult material from Hong Kong, China. Afro- nurus alces, sp. nov., has penes that are extraordinarily differentiated and laterally expanded. Afronurus otus, sp. nov., has a distinctive bifurcation at the tip of each penis lobe, with sharply pointed prongs that are subequal in size. Discussion is provided about the state of systematics for the tribe Afronurini Webb & McCafferty, 2007, with special reference to the genus Afronurus Lestage, 1924.
Efferent Neurons and Vestibular Cross Talk in the Frog

Myers, S. F., H. H. Salem, and J. A. Kaltenbach. Efferent neurons and vestibular cross talk in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2061–2070, 1997. A galvanic stimulus (30- to 120-s, 0.3-mA constant cur...
Coordination Between Multiple Ground-Based Separation Assurance Agents

Spatial separation between aircraft in the current air-transportation system is maintained in a distributed, ground-based fashion with multiple regional air-traffic controllers providing separation across the national airspace system (NAS). These controllers have different areas of specialization including airport tower controllers, Terminal Radar Approach controllers, and enroute controllers. Separation assurance is handled differently in each of these regions, with the most structure and constraints for aircraft approaching the runway and the least structure for aircraft in enroute airspace. Regardless of their area of specialization, each controller is responsible for maintaining separation for all aircraft under their control, and they must ensure that hand-offs to downstream controllers are done safely. 1 The current system is divided into these multiple regions because a single person could not provide separation for the thousands of aircraft in the air at any given time. In a future fully automated separation assurance system, however, it is theoretically possible that a single agent could be responsible for maintaining separation for all aircraft, providing a global, centralized control system. Since this system could prioritize conflicts and proceed through them sequentially, it could be internally coordinated, and this would remove the need for constraints on resolutions to ensure coordination. The computation power required for a single agent to control the entire airspace might be significant, so the solution may need to be parallelized in an efficient way that still maintains safety. 2 A key insight in this parallelization is that, since the time scale for separation assurance is on the order of tens of minutes, a resolution in one area will not have an impact on the separation assurance problem beyond a few hundred miles. Therefore, the problem can be decomposed geographically, similar to how it is decomposed in the current system, while minimizing the synchronization and coordination required to ensure efficient solutions. The Advanced Airspace Concept (AAC) 3 seeks to automate separation assurance for enroute, center
Frozen Section Interpretation of Pancreatic Margins Subspecialized Gastrointestinal Pathologists Versus General Pathologists

Intraoperative assessment of pancreatic parenchymal margin during pancreatectomies is challenging and misinterpretation by the pathologist is a cause of incorrect frozen section (FS) diagnosis. Although the current literature supports that pancreatic margin FS diagnosis and its accuracy has no impact on the patient outcome for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients and reexcision in an attempt to achieve a negative intraoperative pancreatic margin after positive FS is not associated with increased overall survival; still it remains a routine practice in many institutions. To this end, we sought to assess the interobserver variation and accuracy of FS diagnosis between subspecialized gastrointestinal/pancreatobiliary (GI) and general pathologists. Seventy seven consecutive pancreatic parenchymal margin FSs performed on pancreatectomies for PDAC from 2010 to 2013 were retrieved at our institution. These were retrospectively evaluated by 2 GI and 2 general pathologists independently without knowledge of the original FS diagnosis or the final diagnosis. The specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of GI versus general pathologist was 97.8% versus 87.5%, 61.1% versus 66.7%, 78.6% versus 41.4%, 95% versus 95.2%, and 93.5% versus 85.1%, respectively. The interobserver agreement between GI and general pathologists was fair (κ = .337, P < .001). The interobserver agreement between 2 GI pathologists was fair (κ = .373, P = .0005) and between 2 general pathologists was slight (κ = .195, P = .042). Although overall accuracy of subspecialized GI pathologists was higher than that of general pathologists, none had an accuracy of 100%. Our study reaffirms the challenging nature of these FSs.
High Temperature Oxidation of β-NiAl

The oxidation of single crystal β-NiAl has been studied primarily using electron microscopy. Oriented metastable Al2O3 phases form during transient oxidation at 800°C. Specific orientation relationships exist on all metal orientations studied and are a result of the small mismatch along aligned close-packed directions in the cation sublattices of the metal and oxide. Transformation of the metastable Al2O3, phases at 1100°C results in an oxide morphology described as the “lacey” structure of α-Al2O3 scales. This structure results from impingement of oriented patchei α a-Al2O3 as the transformation initiates and moves radially parallel to the sugfhce. Scale growth occurs by diffusion along high angle grain boundaries. A drastic reduction in oxidation rate accompanies the change in oxide morphology.
Hannah Arendt, Phenomenology and Political Theory

Hannah Arendt was born in 1906. She was a student of Martin Heidegger during the academic year 1924–25. Then, after a semester as a student of Edmund Husserl in Freiburg, she went to Heidelberg to work with Karl Jaspers. She completed her dissertation on Augustine’s concept of love with Jaspers in 1929. In 1933, she left Germany to escape persecution as a Jew and found a temporary home in Paris, working for Jewish causes, before moving to the United States in 1941. She died in 1975. She is perhaps the foremost representative of political theory within the phenomenological movement broadly conceived. Her main publications were The rigins of Totalitarianism (1951), The Human Condition (1958), On Revolution (1963), and the posthumously published and, unfortunately, incomplete Life of the Mind (1978). Arendt was also a brilliant essayist. Her most important essays were collected in Between Past and Future (1968), Crises of the Republic (1972), and the posthumous Essays in Understanding (1993). Although Arendt never wavered in her admiration of Jaspers, who figured prominently in Men in Dark Times, philosophically her debt to Heidegger is greater.
Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)virus in Shaanxi in 2012-2014

Objective To understand the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of influenza A(H1N1)virus in Shaanxi province from 2012 to 2014. Methods Surveillance data of influenza-like cases from 18 sentinel hospitals and the etiological testing results in 12 influenza network laboratories were collected in Shanxi.HA and NA genes of H1N1 virus were amplified,sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics software. Results Influenza A(H1N1)was found to be dominant in Shaanxi from 2012 to 2014,accounting for4.73% of influenza-like cases and 43.44% of influenza virus positive cases.positive,the influenza A(H1N1)peak time was from November to February of the next year.The The peak season was from November to February.The HA and NA genes were 1701 bp and 1710 bp long which coded 566 and 469amino acid.In two years,there were 16 and 21amino acids mutations found in HA and NA genes.The mutations in 142,180,202 and 220sites were at antigen determinants,while the receptor binding locus and potential glycosylation sites were relatively stable,no change was found.An extra potential glycoslytion site 42(NQSQ)was identified in NA gene of strains collected from 2012 to 2013,while no mutation on drug resistant sites was found.Conclusions Influenza A(H1N1)is found to be a dominant strain in Shanxi from 2012 to 2014,but not very much active.The mutations on the amino acid sequences of HA and NA genes are considered as antigen drifts,and the matching rates between the influenza A(H1N1)virus and the vaccine decrease annually.