cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Optimized Feature-Based Image Registration for Rgb and Nir Pairs

Image registration is a viable task in the field of computer vision with many applications. Researchers propose various local modules insensitive to illumination changes across cross-spectral image pairs to handle the registration challenges under different spectrum conditions. In this paper, we develop an optimized feature-based approach to register natural cross-spectral image pairs. It works on the phase information to quickly identify and describe reliable keypoints that are insensitive to illumination. It then employs a sequence of outlier removal processes to accurately find the matching feature points and the direct linear transformation to estimate the geometric transformation to align the image pair. We benchmark the proposed method and six state-of-the-art feature-based methods on the dataset provided by Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausanne (EPFL), which includes 477 pairs of RGB-NIR images. The comprehensive analysis demonstrates that the proposed method achieves up to 13.90% accuracy improvement over the second best registration method.
Pleomorphic Adenoma of Upper Lip: A Rare Case Presentation

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common neoplasm of the salivary glands and is most commonly located in the parotid followed by the submandibular glands. The most common intraoral site includes hard and soft palate. This case report describes a rare and unusual lesion found in a 21 years old female, which was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands in the upper lip. The tumor was a circumscribed and firm mass, about 3 cm in diameter, almost protruding below the nose. Complete excision was performed by intraoral route and the histo-pathologic analysis showed pleomorphic adenoma. The tumor did not recur.
Assessment of Trends in Transplantation of Liver Grafts From Older Donors and Outcomes in Recipients of Liver Grafts From Older Donors, 2003-2016.

Importance In light of the growing population of older adults in the United States, older donors (aged ≥70 years) represent an expansion of the donor pool; however, their organs are underused. Liver grafts from older donors were historically associated with poor outcomes and higher discard rates, but clinical protocols, organ allocation, and the donor pool have changed in the past 15 years. Objective To evaluate trends in demographics, discard rates, and outcomes among older liver donors and transplant recipients of livers from older donors in a large national cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective cohort study of 4127 liver grafts from older donors and 3350 liver-only recipients of older donor grafts and 78 990 liver grafts from younger donors (aged 18-69 years) and 64 907 liver-only recipients of younger donor grafts between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2016, in the United States. The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, which includes data on all transplant recipients in the United States that are submitted by members of the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, was used. Exposures Year of liver transplant and age of liver donor. Main Outcomes and Measures Odds of graft discard and posttransplant outcomes of all-cause graft loss and mortality. Results In this study, 4127 liver grafts from older donors were recovered for liver transplant across the study period (2003-2016); 747 liver grafts from older donors were discarded, and 3350 liver grafts from older donors were used for liver-only recipients. After adjusting for donor characteristics other than age and accounting for Organ Procurement Organization–level variation, liver grafts from older donors were more likely to be discarded compared with liver grafts from younger donors in 2003-2006 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.68-2.31), 2007-2009 (aOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 2.17-3.01), 2010-2013 (aOR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.68-2.46), and 2013-2016 (aOR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.96-2.86) (P Conclusions and Relevance These findings show that from 2003 to 2016, liver graft loss and mortality among recipients of liver grafts from older donors improved; however, liver graft discard from older donors remained increased and the number of transplants performed with liver grafts from older donors decreased. Expansion of the donor pool through broader use of liver grafts from older donors might be reasonable.
Gender, Communication, and the Leadership Gap (Women and Leadership Series), edited by Carolyn Cunningham, Heather Crandall, and Alexa Dare

This timely collection of excellent research articles speaks to the confusion of many feminists in the aftermath of the 2016 presidential election. This disastrous outcome, which surprised many ele...
Functional Capacity Evaluation for Injuries to the Foot and Ankle

Background:The functional capacity evaluation (FCE) is used to determine physical ability after treatment of a workplace-related injury. This evaluation is a determinant in the administration of be...
National Trends in the Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Spinal Diagnoses Among Pediatric Spondylolysis Patients.

INTRODUCTION Spondylolysis is an increasingly common diagnoses for young individuals and presents with a wide range of pathological and clinical findings. Most patients are treated conservatively, and surgery is reserved for severe cases. This is a populations study defining the incidence of spondylolysis in the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) and assess trends in diagnoses, causes, and treatments. METHODS Retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected information in KID was performed for the years 2003 through 2012. Patients with a diagnosis of spondylolysis (ICD-9-CM 756.11) between the ages of 0 and 20 years in the KID were identified. Incidence of spondylolysis was established using KID-supplied hospital- and year-adjusted trend weights. Demographics including age, race, gender, and Charlson Comorbidity Index were assessed for all spondylolysis patients. Primary outcome measures were yearadjusted and hospital-adjusted incidence of spondylolysis. Secondary outcome measures were concurrent diagnoses and surgical details. RESULTS Six hundred and sixteen patients with a diagnosis of spondylolysis (329 with primary diagnosis) were identified (female: 53.8%; age: 15.27 ± 3.32 years). The incidence of spondylolysis is 7 per 100,000 patients nationally. Spondylolysis incidence has increased over time (p 0.05). Levels fused and complications did not differ depending on whether or not decompression was performed (p > 0.05). The posterior-only approach was used in 62.2% of surgeries and were mostly 2 to 3 level procedures (63.5%). Perioperative complications occurred in 8.1% of patients, with the most common complications being device-related (2.3%), respiratory (1.5%), and digestive (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS The national incidence of spondylolysis has increased over time, and the surgical rate and treatment techniques have remained constant. The most common concurrent diagnoses were idiopathic scoliosis, cerebral palsy, and spina bifida. Further work is required to determine the significance of these trends and associations.
Modulation of Symbiotic Compatibility by Rhizobial Zinc Starvation Machinery

Pathogenic bacteria need high-affinity zinc uptake systems to counteract the nutritional immunity exerted by infected hosts. However, our understanding of zinc homeostasis in mutualistic systems such as the rhizobium-legume symbiosis is limited. Here, we show that the conserved high-affinity zinc transporter ZnuABC and accessory transporter proteins (Zip1, Zip2, and c06450) made cumulative contributions to nodulation of the broad-host-range strain Sinorhizobium fredii CCBAU45436. Zur acted as a zinc-dependent repressor for the znuC-znuB-zur operon, znuA, and c06450 by binding to the associated Zur box, but did not regulate zip1 and zip2 ZnuABC was the major zinc transporter. Combined mutants lacking znuA and one of the three accessory genes had more severe defects in nodulation and growth under zinc starvation conditions than the znuA mutant, though rhizoplane colonization by these mutants was not impaired. In contrast to the elite strain CCBAU45436, more drastic symbiotic defects were observed for the znuA mutants of other Sinorhizobium strains, which lack at least one of the three accessory genes in their genomes and are characterized by their limited host range and geographical distribution. The znu-derived mutants showed a higher expression level of nod genes involved in Nod factor biosynthesis and a reduced expression of genes encoding a type three secretion system and its effector NopP, which can interfere with the host immune system. Application of exogenous zinc restored the nodulation ability of these znu-derived mutants. Therefore, the conserved ZnuABC and accessory components in the zinc starvation machinery play an important role in modulating symbiotic compatibility.IMPORTANCE The rhizobium-legume symbiosis contributes around 65% of biological nitrogen fixation in agriculture systems and is critical for sustainable agriculture by reducing the amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer being used. Rhizobial inocula have been commercialized for more than 100 years, but the efficiency of inoculation can vary among legume cultivars, field sites, and years. These long-lasting challenging problems impede the establishment of a sustainable agriculture, particularly in developing countries. Here, we report that rhizobial zinc starvation machinery containing a conserved high-affinity zinc transporter and accessory components makes cumulative contributions to modulating rhizobial symbiotic compatibility. This work highlights a critical role of largely unexplored nutritional immunity in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis, which makes zinc starvation machinery an attractive target for improving rhizobial symbiotic compatibility.
New Developments in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Cysts in Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome.

Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in Folliculin gene (FLCN). BHD is characterized by lower lobe-predominant pulmonary cysts with risk of pneumothorax, benign skin tumors (fibrofolliculomas), and renal cell carcinoma, often of an unusual chromophobe/oncocytic hybrid histology. The FLCN protein functions in multiple signaling and metabolic pathways including positive regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity via FLCN's GTPase (GAP) activity for Rag C, positive regulation of Wnt signaling (in mesenchymal cells), and negative regulation of TFE3 nuclear localization. Therefore, FLCN-deficient cells are predicted to have reduced mTORC1 and Wnt activity and enhanced TFE3 activity. Folliculin also has functions in autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis, cell-cell adhesion, 5' AMP activated protein kinase activity, and other pathways. The specific contributions of these pathways to the lung manifestations of BHD are largely unknown. This review is focused on the pulmonary manifestations of BHD, highlighting selected recent advances in elucidating the cellular functions of FLCN and current hypotheses related to the pathogenesis of cystic lung disease in BHD, including the "stretch hypothesis." We also discuss important knowledge gaps in the field, including the genetic, cellular and physical mechanisms of cyst pathogenesis, and the timing of cyst initiation, which may occur during lung development.
Estimating time-varying selection coefficients from time series data of allele frequencies

Abstract Time series data of allele frequencies are a powerful resource for detecting and classifying natural and artificial selection. Ancient DNA now allows us to observe these trajectories in natural populations of long-lived species such as humans. Here, we develop a hidden Markov model to infer selection coefficients that vary over time. We show through simulations that our approach can accurately estimate both selection coefficients and the timing of changes in selection. Finally, we analyze some of the strongest signals of selection in the human genome using ancient DNA. We show that the European lactase persistence mutation was selected over the past 5,000 years with a selection coefficient of 2-2.5% in Britain, Central Europe and Iberia, but not Italy. In northern East Asia, selection at the ADH1B locus associated with alcohol metabolism intensified around 4,000 years ago, approximately coinciding with the introduction of rice-based agriculture. Finally, a derived allele at the FADS locus was selected in parallel in both Europe and East Asia, as previously hypothesized. Our approach is broadly applicable to both natural and experimental evolution data and shows how time series data can be used to resolve fine-scale details of selection.
$\text{M}^2\text{I}$ : Channel Modeling for Metamaterial-Enhanced Magnetic Induction Communications

Magnetic induction (MI) communication technique has shown great potentials in complex and RF-challenging environments, such as underground and underwater, due to its advantage over EM wave-based techniques in penetrating lossy medium. However, the transmission distance of MI techniques is limited since magnetic field attenuates very fast in the near field. To this end, this paper proposes metamaterial-enhanced magnetic induction ( $\text{M}^2\text{I}$ ) communication mechanism, where an MI coil antenna is enclosed by a metamaterial shell that can enhance the magnetic fields around the MI transceivers. As a result, the $\text{M}^2\text{I}$ communication system can achieve tens of meters communication range by using pocket-sized antennas. In this paper, an analytical channel model is developed to explore the fundamentals of the $\text{M}^2\text{I}$ mechanism, in the aspects of communication range and channel capacity, and the susceptibility to various hostile and complex environments. The theoretical model is validated through the finite element simulation software, Comsol Multiphysics. Proof-of-concept experiments are also conducted to validate the feasibility of $\text{M}^2\text{I}$ .
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: The Perinatalogist’s Perspective

1. Louis P. Halamek, MD* 2. Yasser Y. El-Sayed, MD† 1. 2. *Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics. 3. 4. †Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe the incidence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). 2. Delineate what percent of all CDHs occur on the left hemithorax and what percent are associated with the presence of other malformations. 3. Describe the mortality rate for prenatally diagnosed CDH and what factors affect the presence of associated malformations and chromosomal defects and are the major determinants of mortality. 4. Describe optimal prenatal counseling for a woman carrying a fetus who has CDH. The incidence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is reported to be approximately 1 in 2,000 to 4,000 births. It is believed to result from incomplete fusion of the pleuroperitoneal membrane and passage of abdominal contents into the chest. The small bowel, stomach, spleen, and colon are the most frequently herniated organs, although pancreas, liver, adrenal glands, and kidneys also have been found. Approximately 90% of all CDHs occur on the left hemithorax, and up to 50% of cases are associated with the presence of other malformations. CDH may be one component of recognized multiple malformation complexes, including chromosomal disorders (trisomy 13, trisomy 18, trisomy 21, tetraploidy, Pallister Killian syndrome [tetrasomy 12 p mosaicism], and Turner syndrome), single gene disorders (Fryn syndrome), and others for which the genetic etiology is uncertain (laterality sequence). Abnormalities in numerous organs other than the lungs have been described, including the heart, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, abdominal wall, and central nervous system. In addition to more common forms of congenital heart disease, such as tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus, diminished left ventricular mass has been noted in a number of patients who have left-sided CDH and may have an impact on mortality. The prognosis of CDH is poor, especially for infants in whom the diagnosis is made in utero. The especially poor prognosis for infants diagnosed in …
Characterization of 720 and 940 MHz Oscillators with Chip Antenna for Wireless Sensors from Room Temperature to 200 and 250 deg C

Oscillators that operate at 720 and 940 MHz and characterized over a temperature range of 25 C to 200 C and 250 C, respectively, are presented. The oscillators are designed on alumina substrates with typical integrated circuit fabrication techniques. Cree SiC MESFETs, thin film metal-insulator-metal capacitors and spiral inductors, and Johanson miniature chip antennas make-up the circuits. The output power and phase noise are presented as a function of temperature and frequency. Index Terms MESFETS, chip antennas, oscillators SiC alumina.
Majorana Bound State Cavities

We present a new class of topological cavities based on Majorana bound states. These cavities are inherently single-moded and robust to local disorder regardless of the size of the structure.
A Case of Gorham-Stout Disease of the Skull Base Treated With Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy.

ABSTRACT Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare, locally destructive musculoskeletal disorder of unknown etiology. GSD affecting the skull base is a particularly challenging disease entity. Skull base GSD has a high propensity for causing life-threatening complications such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, meningitis, and osteomyelitis. Additionally, skull base GSD is often surgically unresectable. While the primary treatment modality for GSD is surgery, prior series demonstrate that GSD is radiosensitive, and radiotherapy (RT) is indicated for refractory or symptomatic cases not amenable to surgery. Older case series have described the management of skull base GSD with 2D or 3D RT techniques. Recent technological advances such as intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) and image-guided RT (IGRT) have allowed for the delivery of highly conformal RT potentially improving disease outcomes and minimizing toxicity for head and neck cancer. Here we describe a case of GSD of the skull base successfully treated with conformal IMRT and a provide a review of the pertinent literature.
Health Insurance Coverage of the Children of Immigrants in the United States

Objectives: This study assesses the health insurance coverage of children of immigrants in the United States and variations among immigrant groups. Method: The study uses data from the March supplements of the 1994 and 1996 Current Population Survey to compare health insurance coverage of children who report foreign parentage. Separate logistic regressions are conducted to estimate the likelihood of being covered by any insurance, public insurance, and private insurance. Results: 27.3% of all children of immigrants are without health insurance, 34.1% are on public insurance, and 44.3% have private insurance. Foreign-born children who have not yet become U.S. citizens are the most likely to be without health insurance (38.0%). Many of these children are not covered because their parents are unable to find jobs that provide coverage and Medicaid fails to enroll as many of them as possible. Overall, the children's chances of being covered by any health insurance vary little according to when their parents came to this country. However, children of recent immigrants are more likely to rely on public health insurance (40.1% vs. 24.8%) and less likely to be covered through private sources (36.8% vs. 60.6%) than those of established immigrants. Among immigrant groups, children of Haitian (48.4%) and Korean (45.3%) immigrants are at the highest risks of being uninsured. Both children of the Dominican Republic (65.9%) and Laos (83.3%) report high rates of public insurance coverage. Conclusions: Greater disparity in health insurance coverage among children of immigrants is expected once the new welfare reform bills take effect. In particular, noncitizen children, children of recent immigrants, illegal immigrants, and Dominican Republican immigrants will be affected most. Efforts aimed at reducing the harm should target these vulnerable groups.
Primary structure of insoluble tendon collagen. 3. Analysis of products of tryptic digestion of native collagen.

Abstract Digestion of insoluble native bovine Achilles tendon collagen with crystalline trypsin solubilized a telopeptide fraction comprising approximately 5% of the molecule. The total amino acid composition indicated 48 residues/1000. The relative amount of glycine and the imino acids was 1 2 and 2 3 that of the original collagen. The average chain length of the breakdown products was 6, corresponding to 8 peptides. N-terminal, penultimate, and C-terminal amino acids were determined. The N-terminal residues included 1 cysteine and 1 methionine; only basic amino acids were found C-terminally. Aldehyde content, determined by reaction with N-methyl-benzothiazolone hydrazone (Sawicki reagent) was 6–8 times that of collagen. An aldehyde-enriched fraction was separated from the peptide mixture by sequential Bio-Gel P-2 gel filtration, forced-flow electrophoresis, and Dowex 50 ion-exchange chromatography. It contained 11 ninhydrin-positive residues, 7 known amino acids, and 4 leucine equivalents of a component, “X,” not described previously, eluting from the amino acid analyzer column just prior to methionine. The new component is located in a region which may be involved in the cross-linking of insoluble collagen.
Ripples in the pond: caring for extended family members after a perinatal loss

Parents who have lost a baby during pregnancy, delivery, or shortly after birth are commonly offered time to see their baby, memory items, and support. Grandparents are often forgotten mourners, frequently relegated to supporting the bereaved parents, rather than being recognised as mourners in their own right. Family dynamics can often be severely disrupted following a perinatal loss [1]. Care providers and society in general can expect grandparents to provide comfort to their bereaved adult child, which in effect disenfranchises grandparents from their own grief [2,3]. Grandparents may feel isolated and overwhelmed as they struggle to support their bereaved child while grieving the loss of their grandchild [1]. In challenge to past practice, families are encouraged to remember and talk about their deceased baby [4]. Current theoretical beliefs about grief emphasize the importance of rebuilding meaning as part of the healing process [5]. This paper reported an IRB-approved research study which used a survey to explore how grandparents incorporated the existence of a deceased grandchild into their family history. Eighteen grandmothers completed the survey. Seventeen of the eighteen stated they had pictures of their grandchild. All of them said they conducted some kind of ritual on the birth and/or death day, such as lighting a candle, a balloon release, or a cake at the cemetery. Twelve of the grandmothers wear jewellery that symbolizes their grandchild, and four have had tattoos to help them memorialise their grandchild. Twelve of the eighteen responded that they always include their deceased grandchild when asked how many grandchildren they have, and another five said it depended on the situation. Although the sample size was relatively small, and homogenous i.e. Caucasian grandparents living in the USA, this survey confirms that grandparents feel a need to memorialize and include their deceased grandchildren into their life story [6]. Implications for practice are that stillbirth has a devastating and disruptive impact on all members of the immediate family including the baby’s grandparents. Therefore bereavement support both at the time of death and later needs to include the extended family.
The primary structure of bovine thyrotropin. I. Isolation and partial sequences of cyanogen bromide and tryptic peptides.

Abstract The peptides produced from reduced S-carboxymethyl bovine thyrotropin (TSH) by hydrolysis with trypsin and by cleavage at its methionine residues with cyanogen bromide have been isolated. Partial or complete amino acid sequences of many of the tryptic peptides and of the smaller cyanogen bromide fragments have been determined. Twenty-five distinct primary tryptic peptides (of which three are glycopeptides) and free serine were recognized as well as several peptides originating from chymotryptic-like cleavages or partial cleavages of resistant bonds. Sufficient data were obtained from the studies on the composition and partial sequences of the cyanogen bromide fragments and the tryptic peptides derived from them to order 10 of the tryptic peptides plus free serine into a peptide chain of 96 residues whose composition exactly matches that of one of the recently discovered subunits of thyrotropin (TSH-α). This subunit, which is the one nearly identical with one chain of luteinizing hormone, shows heterogeneity at its NH2 terminus with some molecules lacking a Phe-Pro sequence. Seventy-six of the residues of TSH-α have been placed in sequence. Two additional large cyanogen bromide fragments, containing 49 to 53 and 51 to 53 residues, respectively, were also overlapped, and they, together with the single remaining cyanogen bromide fragment and free homoserine, accounted for the amino acid composition of TSH-β (the second of the two subunits). Only one tryptic peptide, Ser-Tyr, formerly thought to be at the COOH terminus of intact thyrotropin, could not be identified as part of a cyanogen bromide fragment. The data indicate that the two TSH subunits, while possessing quite similar amino acid compositions, have very different sequences.
NFκB and Sp1 Elements Are Necessary for Maximal Transcription of Toll-like Receptor 2 Induced by Mycobacterium avium

We have previously reported that Toll-like receptor ( TLR ) 2 mRNA was induced after infection with Mycobacterium avium . To investigate the molecular basis of TLR2 expression in macrophages, we cloned and analyzed the murine putative 5′-proximal promoter. Transient transfection of a 326-bp region from nucleotides −294-+32 relative to the first transcription start site was sufficient to induce maximal luciferase activity at the basal level and after infection with M. avium in J774A.1 cells. Sequence analysis showed that the region lacked a TATA box but contained two typical stimulating factor (Sp) 1 sites, two NF-κB sites, one IFN-regulatory factor site and one AP-1 site. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed that the NF-κB and Sp1 sites but not the IFN-regulatory factor site or the AP-1 site contributed to the basal level and the induction of luciferase activity during M. avium infection. Binding of Sp1/Sp3 and NF-κB (p50/p65) was confirmed by EMSA. Further studies showed that three copies of Sp1 elements or NF-κB elements are not sufficient to confer M. avium induction on a heterologous promoter. By contrast, overexpression of NF-κB p65 caused a strong increase in transcription from an intact TLR2 promoter, whereas it caused only a partial increase in promoter activity when cotransfected with the TLR2 promoter with one of the Sp1 sites mutated. Sp1 and NF-κB were the minimum mammalian transcription factors required for effective TLR2 transcriptional activity when transfected into Drosophila Schneider cells. Together, these data provide genetic and biochemical evidence for NF-κB as well as Sp1 in regulating TLR2 transcription.
t‐Butyl carbazate

t-Butyl carbazate solvent: 430 ml. (422 g., 5.33 moles) of pyridine reactant: 508 ml. (395 g., 5.33 moles) of t-butyl alcohol reactant: 536 g. (4.85 moles) of methyl chlorothiolformate intermediate: 500 g. (3.47 moles) of t-butyl S-methylthiolcarbonate solvent: 50-50 mixture of low- (b.p. 30–60°) and high-boiling (b.p. 60–70°) ligroin reactant: 430 g. (3.33 moles) of quinoline reactant: 520 g. (3.32 moles) of phenyl chloroformate intermediate: 388.4 g. (2.0 moles) of phenyl t-butyl carbonate solvent: petroleum ether product: t-Butyl carbazate product: bibenzyl Keywords: acylation; esterification, of substituted monobasic acids; replacement reactions, miscellaneous; hydrazine, toxicity; methyl chlorothiolformate, stench
Elder LGBT Veterans and Service Members

This chapter explores the experiences and status of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) older veterans and service members. Examined are the history and background of LGBT veterans, the efforts of the Department of Veterans Affairs to address the recognition and needs of these service members and veterans, and the creation of the VA Office of Diversity and Inclusion (US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2014 VA Diversity and Inclusion Strategic Plan for FY 2012–2016) and key policies and procedures that have addressed the discriminatory practices that have been a part of the military and post military experiences of LGBT individuals. A meta-analysis of elder LGBT veterans and military personnel is offered as are mental health and psychosocial adjustment issues for LGBT elder veterans. Discussed is the Transitional Accommodation Syndrome providing insight into understanding the process faced by LGBT veterans. Finally, clinical considerations with elderly LGBT veterans are offered as are a set of resources and references that may be beneficial for further inquiry into understanding of the issues faced by LGBT veterans across the life span.
Do nintendo handhelds play nice?: An analysis of its wireless behavior

Nintendo DS handheld game units are popular. They are capable of wireless game play using IEEE 802.11 networks. In this paper, we investigated the local Nintendo wireless game traffic and the effect of this game traffic on other wireless users. We analyzed the wireless traffic generated by up to six players for a number of different games. Our analysis showed that the local wireless traffic differed significantly from wide-area wireless traffic for the same games and hardware. The bit rates used made the small game packets appear large to higher speed networks that shared the wireless channel. Also, Nintendo used a point coordination function (PCF) to arbitrate channel access for local games. Ideally, the contention free slots provided by PCF can provide better quality of service for the game traffic. However, this added extra overhead for the coordination traffic, about 98% of polls for Pictochat produced no game data. Also, this PCF coordination packets were unaware of the coexistence of distributed coordination function (DCF) traffic from typical wireless access points; catastrophically interfering with the wireless traffic of other wireless LAN users.
Equatorial Kelvin and Inertio-Gravity Waves in Zonal Shear Flow

Abstract The interaction of geostrophic zonal mean currents in an equatorial ocean with free, neutrally stable, internal Kelvin and inertio-gravity waves is investigated using a two-layer, reduced-gravity model. Solutions in the inertio-gravity range are obtained by a simple numerical integration scheme that allows several different background flows to be tested. It is found that, due to the interaction, the amplitudes and latitudinal distributions of wave zonal velocity are substantially altered from those which would occur in the absence of mean flow. Meanders of currents similar to those observed during GATE may be interpreted as advections of mean currents by wave meridional velocity. On the other hand, wave pressure (sea level) and meridional velocities are not greatly affected by the mean flow. These results may be of importance in attempting to fit equatorial wave theories to observations of zonal current, on the one hand, and of sea level fluctuations on the other. Kelvin waves are treated using a...
Global diversification rates of passerine birds.

The distribution of species richness in families of passerine birds suggests that the net rate of diversification was significantly higher than average in as many as 7 out of 47 families. However, the absence of excess species richness among the 106 tribes within these families indicates that these high rates were transient, perhaps associated in some cases with tectonic movements or dispersal events that extended geographical ranges. Thus, large clade size among passerine birds need not represent intrinsic key innovations that influence the rate of diversification. Approximately 17 families and 30 tribes have too few species relative to other passerine taxa. Many of these are ecologically or geographically marginal, being especially overrepresented in the Australasian region. Observed intervals between lineage splitting suggest that extinction has occurred ca. 90% as frequently as speciation (waiting times of 1.03 and 0.93 Myr) and that the 47 modern families comprising 5712 species descended from approximately 430 passerine lineages extant 24 Myr ago. Speciation and extinction rates among small, marginal families might be 1–2 orders of magnitude lower.
Primality Testing Using Complex Integers and Pythagorean Triplets

Prime integers and their generalizations play important roles in protocols for secure transmission of information via open channels of telecommunication networks. Generation of multidigit large primes in the design stage of a cryptographic system is a formidable task. Fermat primality checking is one of the simplest of all tests. Unfortunately, there are composite integers (called Carmichael numbers) that are not detectable by the Fermat test. In this paper we consider modular arithmetic based on complex integers; and provide several tests that verify the primality of real integers. Although the new tests detect most Carmichael numbers, there are a small percentage of them that escape these tests.
Isolation of an APRT heterozygote from TK6 human lymphoblasts: predominance of multi-locus loss of heterozygosity among spontaneous APRT-mutants.

The TK6 human B lymphoblastoid cell line contains two easily and widely used selectable markers: the X-linked, hemizygous hprt locus, and the heterozygous tk locus on chromosome 17q. In this study, rare APRT heterozygotes were directly isolated from the TK6 population by clonal selection in cell culture medium supplemented with 5 μg/ml of 8-azaadenine. One of nine isolated heterozygotes, AZH1, was characterized extensively. APRT− mutants can be recovered from AZH1 at a mutation rate of 1.5×10−7, similar to rates previously determined for the selection of TK− and HPRT− mutants from TK6. A unique sequence alteration was identified in the non-functional aprt allele at position 1930. A G : C to A : T transition at this site alters the canonical AG splice acceptor dinucleotide in exon 3, and also results in the destruction of a StuI recognition sequence. This polymorphism was used to analyze loss of heterozygosity in a set of 32 spontaneous APRT− mutants by restriction analysis following PCR amplification. Analysis of flanking microsatellite dinucleotide polymorphisms demonstrated that LOH occurring in spontaneous APRT− mutants is nearly always a multi-locus event extending at least 7.5 cM along chromosome 16q. This pattern of LOH among APRT− mutants differs from extensive LOH in spontaneous, normal-growth TK− mutants derived from TK6 cells (p<0.0001), and suggests that cis-acting factors may be equally important in shaping the mutational spectrum as trans-acting factors such as cellular apoptotic capacity.
The mediation of mothers' self-fulfilling effects on their children's alcohol use: self-verification, informational conformity, and modeling processes.

This research examined whether self-fulfilling prophecy effects are mediated by self-verification, informational conformity, and modeling processes. The authors examined these mediational processes across multiple time frames with longitudinal data obtained from two samples of mother – child dyads (N1 = 487; N2 = 287). Children’s alcohol use was the outcome variable. The results provided consistent support for the mediational process of self-verification. In both samples and across several years of adolescence, there was a significant indirect effect of mothers’ beliefs on children’s alcohol use through children’s self-assessed likelihood of drinking alcohol in the future. Comparatively less support was found for informational conformity and modeling processes as mediators of mothers’ self-fulfilling effects. The potential for self-fulfilling prophecies to produce long lasting changes in targets’ behavior via self-verification processes are discussed.
A pseudogene for human glutathione peroxidase.

Abstract Glutathione peroxidases (GPx) serve a bioprotective function in the reduction of peroxides to less toxic substances. Both cellular and secreted forms of the protein have been reported, as well a number of distinct cDNA sequences. Previous efforts have described three distinct loci on human chromosomes 3, 21 and X which hybridize to a GPX cDNA and these authors have speculated that only the chromosome 3 locus encodes a functional GPX gene. This conclusion was based on mapping studies showing a precise deletion of intron sequences in the GPX loci on chromosomes 21 and X despite strong conservation among these sequences in both the coding and 3′-untranslated regions. To pursue this issue, we have isolated the chromosome 21 GPX locus by molecular cloning and determined its nucleotide sequence. Consistent with the expectations of McBride et al. [Biofactors 4 (1988) 285-292], the sequence does reveal a highly conserved processed pseudogene. It is suggested that a retrotransposed copy of the GPX gene integrated into chromosome 21 and may have maintained activity prior to the accumulation of inactivating mutations.
BeneFactor: a flexible refactoring tool for eclipse

Although broadly available in major software development environments, refactoring tools are still underused. One of the reasons for this underuse is that existing refactoring tools assume that a developer recognizes that she is going to refactor before she even begins. In this paper, we present a flexible refactoring tool called BeneFactor that can be invoked after refactoring begins to safely complete a refactoring change.
Robust initialization with reduced pilot overhead for progressive underwater acoustic OFDM receivers

Recently, a progressive receiver has been proposed to mitigate the intercarrier interference (ICI) in orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions over underwater acoustic (UWA) channels, where the ICI span gradually increases during the receiver iterations. Operating on a block-by-block basis, the progressive receiver is initialized by measurements on pilot subcarriers inserted in each OFDM block. In this paper, we propose an initialization method that exploits channel correlation across blocks to reduce the number of pilots needed. Specifically, channel estimation in the initialization phase is carried out by combining two sets of measurements: a set of artificial measurements predicted from the estimated channel of the previous block, and a set of measurements on the pilot subcarriers of the current block, where these measurements have different reliability levels. Performance results based on data recorded in SPACE08 and MACE10 experiments demonstrate the robust system performance with reduced number of pilots, where the transmitter in SPACE08 was stationary and that in MACE10 was slowly moving. Extension to the progressive receiver for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) OFDM is also pursued, where it is shown that the proposed hybrid initialization enables drastically improved receiver performance with a small number of pilots per transmitter.
LOVE OF GOD AND LOVE OF NEIGHBOR IN THE THEOLOGY OF KARL RAHNER AND KARL BARTH

The way Barth and Rahner envision the relationship between the commands to love God and neighbor is affected by their views of the relationship between the immanent and economic Trinity. Rahner identifies the immanent and economic Trinity; thinks the two commands are identical, and believes that self-acceptance is the same as accepting Christ and revelation. Barth insists that, while identical in content, the immanent and economic Trinity must be sharply distinguished without separation; insists the two commands are inseparable but not identical and maintains that we must seek God only in Christ. This divergence, I contend, results from their very dissimilar understandings of nature and grace and is rooted in their different starting points for theology, namely, transcendental experience for Rahner and God's Word and Spirit for Barth.
Unilateral inferior temporal lobectomy with hippocampectomy for relief of incisural herniation.

1. The syndrome of incisural hippocampal herniation, accompanied by unilateral and then bilateral fixed pupils, deepening coma, respiratory irregularity (Cheyne-Stokes), contralateral hemiplegia, ipsilateral decerebrate posturing, rising blood pressure, and finally renal shutdown, indicates a terminal state that requires immediate relief. 2. Accepted methods of relief by brain shrinkage, dexamethasone, subtemporal decompression, anterior temporal lobectomy, cutting of the tentorium, and even massive uncapping of the skull, have failed in the author's experience to reverse the process when once established. 3. Presentation is made of a rapid and relatively simple inferior horizontal temporal lobectomy, including the hippocampal gyrus, so as to relieve peduncle compression, blockage of cerebrospinal fluid circulation, midbrain haemorrhage, and infarction in the posterior cerebral artery distrubution area. 4. Reports are given of 15 cases out of 30 cases in which operation proved lifesaving, with restoration of normal function in 13. 5. Those patients who died did so in an average of five days, and generally showed either no herniation or continuing evidence of tumour or internal bleeding. 6. Very young patients particularly have an excellent chance of survival, which is seven times better than that of adults in having good to excellent results without operation.
Double-peaked emission lines as a probe of the broad-line regions of active galactic nuclei

Abstract Broad, double-peaked, Balmer emission lines are found in the optical spectra of a relatively small fraction of active galactic nuclei. They can be an extremely useful diagnostic for the structure and dynamics of the “broad-line region” (the medium that emits the broad emission lines). In general terms the rarity and shapes of their profiles provide strong constraints on universal models of the broad-line region. A series of observational tests and basic physical considerations suggest that these lines are emitted from a flat, rotating disk, very likely the outer parts of the accretion disk that fuels the black hole. In the context of models for accretion disk winds, double-peaked emission lines originate in disks with feeble winds of low optical depth. Therefore, they provide evidence that the outer accretion disk and its associated wind are the source of the broad emission lines. Within this framework, double-peaked Balmer emission lines and corresponding high-ionization lines in the near-ultraviolet allow us to study the conditions under which the winds become dense and the onset of significant outflows. Moreover, double-peaked emission lines give us a direct view of the dense material of the disk proper and allow us to study dynamical perturbations and other transient behavior though the long-term variability of their profiles.
Monetary Policy After August 2007

In this article, the author describes conceptually how to think about the dramatic changes in monetary policy since the sub-prime crisis of August 2007. He also discusses how to incorporate these changes and related economic concepts in the teaching of an undergraduate class in macroeconomics. A distinction is made between conventional and unconventional monetary policy, both conceptually and in practice, but most of the focus is on unconventional monetary policy and how it can be integrated within a standard macroeconomic framework. Some attention is also given to the relevance of the liquidity trap and forward guidance in monetary policy.
Simultaneous double side grinding of silicon wafers: a literature review

Silicon wafers are the most widely used substrates for fabricating integrated circuits (ICs). The quality of ICs depends directly on the quality of silicon wafers. A series of processes are required to manufacture high quality silicon wafers. Simultaneous double side grinding (SDSG) is one of the processes to flatten the wire-sawn wafers. This paper reviews the literature on SDSG of silicon wafers, covering the history, machine development (including machine configuration, drive and support systems, and control system), and process modeling (including grinding marks and wafer shape). It also discusses some possible topics for future research.
On the Radial Dependence of the Herschbach Effect

We present the first results of a study of the radial dependence of the Herschbach effect. The effect displays distinctive short-range behaviour, evidently due to a contact interaction, and also reveals mid- and long-range behaviours. Cosmological implications of the long-range Herschbach effect are explored.
Data-driven, using design of dynamic experiments, versus model-driven optimization of batch crystallization processes

Abstract A new data-driven experimental design methodology, design of dynamic experiments (DoDE), is proposed as a means of developing a response surface model that can be used to effectively optimize batch crystallization processes. This data-driven approach is especially useful for complex processes for which it is difficult or impossible to develop a knowledge-driven model in a timely fashion for the optimization of an industrial process. Design of dynamic experiments [1] generalizes the formulation of time-invariant design variables from design of experiments, allowing for consideration of time-variant design variables in the experimental design. When combined with response surface modeling and an appropriate optimization algorithm, a data-driven optimization methodology is produced, which we call DoDE optimization. The method is used here to determine the optimal cooling rate profile, which integrates to give the optimum temperature profile, for a batch crystallization process. To examine the effectiveness of the DoDE optimization method, the data-driven optimum temperature profile is compared to the optimum temperature profile obtained using a model-based optimization technique for the potassium nitrate–water batch crystallization model developed by Miller and Rawlings [2] . The temperature profiles calculated using DoDE optimization yield response values within a few percent of the true model-based optimum values. A sensitivity analysis is performed on one case study to evaluate the distribution of the response variable from each method in the presence of parameter and initial seed distribution variability. It is demonstrated that there is partial overlap in the distributions when only variability in the model parameters is evaluated and there is substantial overlap when variability is included in both the model and initial seed distribution parameters. From this evidence, it can be concluded that the DoDE optimization method has the potential to be a useful data-driven optimization tool for batch crystallization processes where a first-principles model is not available or cannot be developed due to time and/or cost constraints.
An inborn error of short-chain fatty acid metabolism. The odor-of-sweaty-feet syndrome.

Two families are described, in each of which infants have developed an unusual odorsimilar to that of sweaty feet a few days after birth. In each case this was followed by lethargy, seizures, acidosis, dehydration, and death within the first month of life. Butyric and hexanoic acids have been identified in body fluids.