cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An introduction to occupational science : A foundation for occupational therapy in the 21st century

Occupational science is an emerging basic science which supports the practice of occupational therapy. Its roots in the rich traditions of occupational therapy are explored and its current configuration is introduced. Specifications which the science needs to meet as it is further developed and refined are presented. Compatible disciplines and research approaches are identified. example's of basic science research questions and their potential contributions to occupational therapy practice are suggested.
Chronicity of sexual harassment and generalized work-place abuse: effects on drinking outcomes.

Aims. This study examined the impact of two forms of interpersonal conflict in the work-place, sexual harassment (SH) and generalized work-place abuse (GWA), on drinking outcomes. We hypothesized that SH and GWA would be associated more strongly with negative outcomes than task-related work stressors, especially when SH and GWA were chronic problems. Design. This was a two-wave panel study. Setting. The study was conducted at an urban university in the United States. Participants. Participants were 2038 university employees in four occupational groups (faculty, student, clerical and service workers) who responded to both waves of the survey. Measurements. Data on SH, GWA, task-related stressors and drinking outcomes were gathered from self-report mail questionnaires. Data from 1880 non-abstaining respondents were included in the analyses. Findings. SH and GWA experiences were widespread, typically chronic, and tended to co-occur. In regression analyses controlling for demographics, occupational group, prior drinking and task-related stress, GWA chronicity was linked to increased odds of reporting one or more indicators of problem drinking at time 2, in contrast to onset and remission. SH chronicity coupled with no GWA experiences was also significantly related to increased drinking variability. Task-related stressors generally did not explain significant variance in drinking outcomes. Conclusions. SH and GWA may be better predictors of drinking behavior compared to task-related stressors, particularly when harassment is chronic. Increased attention to conflictual relationships in the work-place, the relationship between SH and GWA and the dynamic nature of stressors in general is necessary in future research on drinking behavior.
Effects of DC ground electrode on converter transformers

DC transmission systems are normally equipped with a DC ground electrode for emergency or normal operation with or without ground return. In all cases, the DC ground stabilizes the DC voltage. During operation with ground return, a DC ground potential rise occurs at the DC ground electrode and DC voltage is transferred to the station ground. The transferred DC voltage causes the flow of DC electric current through the converter transformers. The effects of this phenomenon are investigated in this paper. Specifically, a study of DC transfer voltage to the station ground and its effects on the converter transformers is presented. The primary tool for this investigation is a time domain simulation program which comprises a set of generic power system models. Any number of power system elements can be interconnected in appropriate ways to form specific converter station configurations to simulate monopolar, homopolar, or bipolar operation. The converter is modeled with a linear system which has variable topology depending on the state of the valves. A number of innovations have been introduced in the model of the converter. The developed algorithm minimizes computations at each time step as well as computer storage requirements. The model also provides an accurate representation of turn-off and turn-on times. The transformer model takes into account the nonlinearity in the magnetizing inductance. The ground electrodes are modeled with equivalent circuits. The parameters of the equivalent circuits are computed based on the grounding system geometry and soil data.
A case of splanchnic steal syndrome

An 80-year-old woman—with a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, coronary artery disease, and bilateral carotid endarterectomies—presented with a 3 week history of daily falls. These all occurred 1–2 h after meals (with the exception of light breakfasts), and were associated with rightsided numbness and weakness. The symptoms started about 30 min after each meal and spontaneously resolved within 2 h. During one of these episodes, a friend noted that the patient had a right facial droop and slurred speech. The patient modified her diet by consuming lighter, more frequent meals during the day, which reduced the frequency and severity of the postprandial episodes. When we examined her we found that her right nasolabial fold was flattened and that she had minimal right facial weakness; her examination was otherwise unremarkable. Diffusion-weighted imaging of her brain revealed a small region of increased signal intensity in the left corona radiata indicative of a recent infarct. Cerebral perfusion imaging demonstrated markedly delayed perfusion to the left hemisphere (figure). Cerebral angiography showed a 95% stenosis of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) 2 cm distal to the bifurcation (figure), and poor collateral flow to the left hemisphere from the posterior circulation. The patient underwent angioplasty and stenting of the left ICA stenosis with a good angiographic result (figure). Since then, she has had no further post-prandial weakness or falls, even after large meals, and she goes for daily walks on the campus of her retirement community. Meal-induced decreases in blood pressure are common in the elderly, and may result in syncope, falls, angina pectoris, and lightheadedness. 1 In a study of 499 ambulatory or wheelchair-bound elderly residents in a long-term health-care facility, 2 a postprandial decrease in systolic blood pressure was observed in all residents, and was more than 20 mm Hg in 24% of residents. Moreover, at 29 months of follow-up, those residents with a marked reduction in postprandial systolic blood pressure had a higher incidence of falls, syncope, new coronary events, and new strokes. 3 It has been hypothesised that this postprandial drop in blood pressure may be due to an inadequate sympathetic response in the elderly to mealinduced splanchnic vasodilatation because of blunting of baroreceptor reflex function. 4
Learning to See Rotation and Dilation with a Hebb Rule

Previous work (M.I. Sereno, 1989; cf. M.E. Sereno, 1987) showed that a feedforward network with area V1-like input-layer units and a Hebb rule can develop area MT-like second layer units that solve the aperture problem for pattern motion. The present study extends this earlier work to more complex motions. Saito et al. (1986) showed that neurons with large receptive fields in macaque visual area MST are sensitive to different senses of rotation and dilation, irrespective of the receptive field location of the movement singularity. A network with an MT-like second layer was trained and tested on combinations of rotating, dilating, and translating patterns. Third-layer units learn to detect specific senses of rotation or dilation in a position-independent fashion, despite having position-dependent direction selectivity within their receptive fields.
Thermodynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Regional Model with Constrained Moisture

AbstractTo identify the main thermodynamic processes that sustain the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), an eddy available potential energy budget analysis is performed on a regional model simulation with moisture constrained by observations. The model realistically simulates the two MJO episodes observed during the winter of 2007/08. Analysis of these two cases shows that instabilities and damping associated with variations in diabatic heating and energy transport work in concert to provide the MJO with its observed characteristics. The results are used to construct a simplified paradigm of MJO thermodynamics.Furthermore, the effect of moisture nudging on the simulation is analyzed to identify the limitations of the model cumulus parameterization. Without moisture nudging, the parameterization fails to provide adequate low-level (upper level) moistening during the early (late) stage of the MJO active phase. The moistening plays a critical role in providing stratiform heating variability that is an importan...
Is it possible to follow a vehicle using just one camera

In this paper, we present a novel approach to car following. Generally, car following systems use active sensors or a stereoscopic system for 3D-car localisation, but other solutions are possible. In this paper, we present an approach that designates the license plate as an inherent car feature that can be tracked, thus allowing the car following system to provide relative car localisation in real time.
Lung transplantation for pulmonary sarcoidosis

Patients with end-stage sarcoidosis have now undergone lung transplantation successfully with good short-term and intermediate-term results. Lung transplantation for sarcoidosis requires several considerations unique to this disease. Selection of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients for transplantation requires that medical therapy has been exhausted. This may involve the use of corticosteriods and alternative medications. Causes of pulmonary dysfunction other than pulmonary sarcoidosis, such as bronchiectasis and myocardial sarcoidosis, must be excluded before candidates are considered for transplantation. The extent and severity of extrapulmonary disease must also be assessed and may preclude lung transplantation. The presence of mycetomas is considered a relative contra-indication by some transplant centres and an absolute contra-indication by others. Relatively few patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis have undergone transplantation and, therefore, there are few data on outcome. Sarcoidosis frequently recurs in the allograft, but rarely causes symptoms or pulmonary dysfunction. More severe acute rejection episodes may occur in sarcoidosis transplant recipients, although at present there is no evidence of an increased risk of obliterative bronchiolitis or increased mortality.
In-111 platelet scintigraphy: carotid atherosclerosis and stroke.

An association between atherosclerosis of the internal carotid artery and ischemia or infarction of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere has been demonstrated by numerous radiographic and pathologic studies. The precise mechanism by which carotid atherosclerosis causes these problems, however, remains unclear. Several observations suggest that fibrin-platelet thrombi form on atherosclerotic plaques in the neck arteries and then embolize distally into the intracranial circulation. Unfortunately, platelet embolization does not adequately explain a variety of clinical and pathological findings in patients with cerebrovascular disease. This editorial will discuss these findings. It is obvious that the understanding of the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of ischemic cerebrvascular disease is far from complete.
A Path Analysis of the Effects of Principal Professional Orientation towards Leadership, Professional Teacher Behavior, and School Academic Optimism on School Reading Achievement

This study tested the effects of the principal’s professional orientation towards leadership/enabling school structure (ESS) on two mediating variables, school academic optimism (SAO) and professional teacher behavior (PTB), on the outcome variable school reading achievement (RA). Data were drawn from a sample of 54 schools (including 45 elementary schools and nine middle schools); the school was the unit of analysis. Data analysis supported a path to RA in which a structural variable, ESS was the immediate antecedent of SAO and PTB. Two control variables, school level and SES, were included in the model. SES had a significant effect on SAO but not on PTB. School level had a negative effect on both PTB and SAO suggesting that both variables were higher in elementary school and declined in middle school. SES paired with SAO in predicting RA. As expected, SAO had a greater effect on RA than SES. The significance of the findings lies in the confirmation of SAO as an important influence on RA and in demonstrating the importance of ESS in establishing a context in which AO and PTB can flourish.
Allergy to Triatoma Protracta (Heteroptera: Reduviidae): I. Etiology, antigen preparation, diagnosis and immunotherapy

Serious cases of systemic anaphylaxis are caused by hypersensitivity to salivary components of hematophagous insects of the genus Triatoma . A woman with a history of anaphylaxis associated with Triatoma protracta bites began an immunotherapy program using a salivary gland extract developed for that purpose. The success of that program was demonstrated by T. protracta bite challenge and radioimmunoassay.
Method for Evaluating Vibrational Mode Assignments in Surface-Bound Cyclic Hydrocarbons Using Sum-Frequency Generation

A method is proposed and tested in which vibrational sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra are assigned to vibrational modes in cyclic hydrocarbon species at transparent oxide surfaces. This metho...
Syphilitic Cervicitis Simulating Stage II Cervical Cancer: Report of Two Cases With Cytologic Findings

Two women, ages 42 and 46, each had a cervical mass that clinically was grossly compatible with invasive carcinoma. Colposcopy supported the clinical impression. Weeks after the women were examined, it was determined that the masses represented syphilitic cervicitis. This entity has received almost no attention in the cytology literature, and is not discussed in major cytopathology texts. Accordingly, the cervicovaginal smears that were obtained in these cases are of interest. The smear pattern, which included lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, and debris, is described. Although in contrast, the histopathology of syphilitic cervicitis is well-characterized, diagnostic evidence of syphilis was missed in the initial interpretation of several of the biopsies. Syphilis recently has reemerged as a public health problem. Although the cases reported here represent rare events, pathologists should be aware that syphilitic cervicitis may clinically and colposcopically simulate a primary advanced cervical cancer. When interpreting cervical biopsies and cervicovaginal smears, they should be alert to patterns that suggest that syphilis is present.
Clinical and molecular parameters of HTLV-I infection.

The human retrovirus, HTLV-I, is the etiologic agent for several lymphoproliferative and neurologic disorders. Currently, this virus is being spread through certain high-risk populations in a manner similar to that of the AIDS virus, HIV, but owing to the very long latency period, symptoms may not present for years or decades. Immediate testing of the donor blood pool is recommended to reduce the spread of this infectious agent.
The Development of Tumors in Experimental Gastroenterocystoplasty

AbstractBladder augmentation with segments of the gastrointestinal tract is commonly used to treat patients with small or noncompliant bladders. Reliable data on the incidence of tumors in patients with enterocystoplasty are not available. In the small number of cases reported in the literature the mean latency period is approximately 18 years. We designed a study in Sprague Dawley rats to try to determine the risk of carcinogenesis in different types of augmentation cystoplasty and its possible relationship with infected urine, and to investigate the possibility of detecting the tumors by cytological analysis.We performed 30 gastrocystoplasties, 35 sigmoid cystoplasties, 30 ileocystoplasties and 10 sham operations, and used 10 nonoperated animals as controls. The animals were sacrificed upon completing 1 year of followup and bladder urine samples were collected at the time of sacrifice. Of 115 animals 86 were available for histological evaluation (26 gastrocystoplasty, 22 sigmoid cystoplasty, 18 ileocyst...
American Indian English Language Learners: Misunderstood and under-served

AbstractEnglish Language Learners (ELLs) represent the fastest growing segment of pre-K-12 students in the United States. Currently, Montana has the highest percentage of ELLs who are American Indian/Alaska Native. Although there is tremendous linguistic diversity among students, more than 80% of ELLs in the US speak Spanish as their first language. This is not the case in Montana, where 80% of ELLs are American Indians who do not necessarily speak their heritage languages; yet, their academic English skills are inadequate to support content mastery. Students whose first language is an American Indian language and who are learning English as a second language (ESL) are easier to identify as ELLs. Students who do not speak a heritage language but have not acquired academic English proficiency are harder to identify. This unique group of ELLs had their English acquisition framed by parents/grandparents or guardians themselves who were ELLs who did not fully acquire Standard English and currently speak and m...
Computer Hardware of the Future: Will the Classical-wave Simulated “Long Qubyte” Trump the True-quantum Qubit?

Using the results of a recent earlier article, it is pointed out that homogeneously linear, strictly oscillatory, conservative classical dynamical systems that have N degrees of freedom automatically simulate N-state quantum systems. Because the simulating oscillatory classical system is not subject to the information-destroying constraints which are imposed on the simulated quantum system by its probability interpretation, that simulating classical system actually has a greater information-bearing capacity than the N-state quantum system which it simulates. In addition, it is easy to ensure that the simulating oscillatory classical system is robust against the “decoherence" problems which typically beset the simulated N-state quantum system. Though it therefore might seem tempting to classically simulate two-state quantum systems, namely the much-discussed qubits, it appears to be far more advantageous to use cavity electromagnetic standing-wave modes to simulate N-state quantum systems for which N is as large as possible. A single such cavity-mode simulated \long qubyte" might even suffice as the random access memory for an entire computer.
The Hub Labeling Algorithm

Given a weighted graph, a distance oracle takes as an input a pair of vertices and returns the distance between them. The labeling approach to distance oracle design is to precompute a label for every vertex so that the distances can be computed from the corresponding labels, without looking at the graph. In the hub labeling algorithm (HL), a vertex label consists of a set of other vertices (hubs) with distances to the hubs. We survey theoretical and experimental results on HL.
Biases and rationality in the mediation process

The primary goal of this chapter is to provide a prescriptive framework for the mediation process based upon existing descriptive research. We believe there is a chasm between current dispute resolution research and the mediation practitioner that is similar to the one between negotiation researchers and practitioners up until the early 1980s. Negotiation research then had two major, unrelated directions: the game-theoretic (economic) perspective and the social-psychological perspective. The game-theoretic perspective assumed that negotiators were rational and developed their prescriptions based upon this assumption. Meanwhile, the social-psychological perspective described the interaction of negotiators, dispositional characteristics, and situational influences. The economic models offered untested theoretical prescriptions based on an unrealistic set of expectations of the rationality of decision makers, while descriptive models lacked the insight necessary to tell negotiators how to change their behavior. Thus descriptions lacked prescriptive value and prescriptions were not based on evidence.
Simultaneous gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy and laparoscopic splenectomy as a surgical option for hereditary spherocytosis in a child: A case report

Abstract For hereditary spherocytosis complicated by cholelithiasis, cholecystectomy is simultaneously performed with splenectomy. However, jaundice promptly disappears after removing the spleen, and the risk for recurrent cholelithiasis decreases in majority of cases; gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy can be an option for such patients. We report a case of a 6-year-old boy with hereditary spherocytosis who was referred by a previous physician for the chief complaint of anemia (hemoglobin level, 7–8 g/dl). Abdominal ultrasound and CT revealed numerous small calculi in the spleen and gallbladder. The patient developed calculous cholecystitis twice. Hence, laparoscopic splenectomy and gallbladder-preserving cholecystolithotomy were simultaneously performed. The operating time was 2 h and 58 min, and the blood loss was 45 ml. No postoperative complication developed, and the patient was discharged 5 days after the operation. To date, i.e., a year after the operation, no recurrent cholelithiasis has been observed in the patient.
Creativity Across Domains : Faces of the Muse

Contents: J.C. Kaufman, J. Baer, Introduction: How People Think, Work, and Act Creatively in Diverse Domains. J. Piirto, The Creative Process in Poets. S.K. Perry, Flow and the Art of Fiction. R.K. Sawyer, Acting. E. Zimmerman, Should Creativity Be a Visual Arts Orphan? J.I. Morris, Creativity and Dance: A Call for Balance. M. Leman, Musical Creativity Research. G.J. Feist, Domain-Specific Creativity in the Physical Sciences. D.K. Simonton, Creativity in Psychology: On Becoming and Being a Great Psychologist. D. Saunders, P. Thagard, Creativity in Computer Science. D. Cropley, A. Cropley, Engineering Creativity: A Systems Concept of Functional Creativity. R.M. Milgram, N.L. Livne, Creativity as a General and a Domain-Specific Ability: The Domain of Mathematics as an Exemplar. M.D. Mumford, J.M. Strange, G.M. Scott, B.P. Gaddis, Creative Problem-Solving Skills in Leadership: Direction, Actions, and Reactions. J.R. Averill, Emotions as Mediators and as Products of Creative Activity. C.M. Ford, D.M. Sullivan, Selective Retention Processes That Create Tensions Between Novelty and Value in Business Domains. M. Basadur, Management: Synchronizing Different Kinds of Creativity. D. Ambrose, Creativity in Teaching: Essential Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions. R.J. Sternberg, The Domain Generality Versus Specificity Debate: How Should It Be Posed? J.A. Plucker, The (Relatively) Generalist View of Creativity. J. Baer, J.C. Kaufman, Whence Creativity? Overlapping and Dual-Aspect Skills and Traits. J.C. Kaufman, J. Baer, The Amusement Park Theory of Creativity.
The Topology of Spatial Scenes in ℝ2

Spatial scenes are abstractions of some geographic reality, focusing on the spatial objects identified and their spatial relations. Such qualitative models of space enable spatial querying, computational comparisons for similarity, and the generation of verbal descriptions. A specific strength of spatial scenes is that they offer a focus on particular types of spatial relations. While past approaches to representing spatial scenes, by recording exhaustively all binary spatial relations, capture accurately how pairs of objects are related to each other, they may fail to distinguish certain spatial properties that are enabled by an ensemble of objects. This paper overcomes such limitations by introducing a model that considers (1) the topology of potentially complexly structured spatial objects, (2) modeling applicable relations by their boundary contacts, and (3) considering exterior partitions and exterior relations. Such qualitative scene descriptions have all ingredients to generate topologically correct graphical renderings or verbal scene descriptions.
The Hospital Clinical Preceptor: Essential Preparation for Success

Hospitals have a responsibility to provide preceptors with the knowledge and skills required to provide bedside instruction to and evaluation of orientees. Formal preceptor preparation programs that provide practical information for immediate application are necessary for successful transition of orientees into patient care environments. Essential content includes the importance of socialization, skill building techniques, critical thinking facilitation, and assignment management. Preceptor preparation courses need to be based on adult learning principles and incorporate interactive and creative teaching strategies.
Increased latent gelatinase activity in the sclera of visually deprived chicks

Purpose. Gelatinase activity was measured in the normal chick sclera and in sclera of form-deprived (myopic) eyes to assess the role of this metalloproteinase in ocular elongation associated with experimental myopia. Methods. Gelatinases were extracted from anterior and posterior regions of normal chick sclera and sclera from eyes that had been form-vision deprived for 11 days. Gelatinase activity in the extracts was determined by measuring the digestion of 3 H-gelatin after incubation with the extracts in the absence or presence of 1 mM aminophenylmercuric acetate (APMA) to activate latent gelatinases. Scleral gelatinases were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gelatin zymography and immunoprecipitation analyses. Results. No significant differences were detected in gelatinase activity between normal and deprived posterior sclera in the absence of APMA. However, when scleral extracts were incubated with APMA, extracts from the posterior sclera of deprived eyes contained significantly more gelatinase activity than paired controls (+127%, P = 0.0105). In contrast, no differences in active or latent gelatinase activity were detected in extracts from the anterior sclera. Removal of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) from control scleral extracts by reduction and alkylation resulted in a 222% increase in gelatinolytic activity after APMA-activation (P ≤0.001), whereas similar treatment of deprived scleral extracts resulted in only a 76% increase in gelatinolytic activity (P < 0.001). A 65/58-kd doublet was the major gelatinolytic species from control and deprived posterior sclera that represent the proenzyme and active forms of the 72-kd gelatinase (MMP-2). Conclusions. These data indicate that visual deprivation is associated with an increased amount of the 72-kd progelatinase and a decreased amount of TIMP within the posterior sclera. Therefore, an imbalance between the levels of 72-kd progelatinase and its inhibitor may play a role in the remodeling processes of the posterior sclera during the development of form-deprivation myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995 ;36 :1555-1565.
Quantum diffusion of 3He impurities in solid 4He.

A theoretical analysis is presented for the temperature dependence of the diffusion of $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ impurities in solid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ in the regime where the coherent impurity motion at low temperatures is interrupted by scattering from vacancies or phonons. It is shown that the observed temperature dependences can be accurately described by a model involving vacancy scattering.
Chronic Pain Among Suicide Decedents, 2003 to 2014: Findings From the National Violent Death Reporting System

Background More than 25 million adults in the United States have chronic pain. Chronic pain has been associated with suicidality, but previous studies primarily examined nonfatal suicidal behaviors rather than suicide deaths associated with chronic pain or the characteristics of such deaths. Objective To estimate the prevalence of chronic pain among suicide decedents in a large multistate sample and to characterize suicide decedents with and without chronic pain. Design Retrospective analysis of National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data. The NVDRS links death certificate, coroner or medical examiner, and law enforcement data collected by investigators, who often interview informants who knew the decedent to gather information on precipitating circumstances surrounding the suicide. Information is abstracted by using standard coding guidance developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Setting 18 states participating in the NVDRS. Participants Suicide decedents with and without chronic pain who died during 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2014. Measurements Demographic characteristics, mechanism of death, toxicology results, precipitating circumstances (mental health, substance use, interpersonal problems, life stressors), and suicide planning and intent. Results Of 123 181 suicide decedents included in the study, 10 789 (8.8%) had evidence of chronic pain, and the percentage increased from 7.4% in 2003 to 10.2% in 2014. More than half (53.6%) of suicide decedents with chronic pain died of firearm-related injuries and 16.2% by opioid overdose. Limitation The results probably underrepresent the true percentage of suicide decedents who had chronic pain, given the nature of the data and how they were captured. Conclusion Chronic pain may be an important contributor to suicide. Access to quality, comprehensive pain care and adherence to clinical guidelines may help improve pain management and patient safety. Primary Funding Source None.
Quality of life (QoL) analysis in HPV positive oropharynx cancer (HPVOPC) patients in a randomized deintensification trial.

e18068Background: One method of therapy deintensification in locally advanced (LA) HPVOPC is to reduce total radiation dose during concomitant chemoradiation (CRT) in a sequential therapy plan. We ...
Enhanced shock scattering histotripsy with pseudo-monopolar ultrasound pulses

Shock scattering histotripsy (SSH) involves a complex interaction between positive and negative phases of an acoustic burst to initiate a robust cavitation bubble cloud. To more precisely study these effects and optimize SSH therapy, we constructed a frequency compounding transducer to generate pseudo-monopolar ultrasound pulses. The transducer consisted of 113 individual piezoelectric elements with various resonant frequencies (250 kHz, 500 kHz, 750 kHz, 1 MHz, 1.5 MHz, 2 MHz, and 3 MHz). For each resonant frequency, a nearly 1.5-cycle pulse could be generated. Pseudo-monopolar peak positive pulses were generated by aligning the principal peak positive pressures of individual frequency components temporally so that they added constructively, and destructive interference occurred outside the peak-positive-overlapped temporal window. After inverting the polarity of the excitation signals, pseudo-monopolar peak negative pulses were generated similarly by aligning principal peak negative pressures. Decoupling the positive and negative acoustic phases could have significant advantages for therapeutic applications enhancing precision, avoiding cavitation at tissue interfaces, and reducing the acoustic aperture required for effective therapy. For example, we show that 16 SSH bubble clouds can be generated using only peak positive pulses following a single peak negative pulse. This results in a precise elongated lesion within red-blood-cell phantoms. Shock scattering histotripsy (SSH) involves a complex interaction between positive and negative phases of an acoustic burst to initiate a robust cavitation bubble cloud. To more precisely study these effects and optimize SSH therapy, we constructed a frequency compounding transducer to generate pseudo-monopolar ultrasound pulses. The transducer consisted of 113 individual piezoelectric elements with various resonant frequencies (250 kHz, 500 kHz, 750 kHz, 1 MHz, 1.5 MHz, 2 MHz, and 3 MHz). For each resonant frequency, a nearly 1.5-cycle pulse could be generated. Pseudo-monopolar peak positive pulses were generated by aligning the principal peak positive pressures of individual frequency components temporally so that they added constructively, and destructive interference occurred outside the peak-positive-overlapped temporal window. After inverting the polarity of the excitation signals, pseudo-monopolar peak negative pulses were generated similarly by aligning principal peak negative pressures. Decouplin...
Lung Transplant Clinicians’ Perceptions of Pocket PATH Synergy, an Interactive Health Technology (IHT) to Monitor Patients Remotely

Purpose PocketPATH Synergy (PPS) is an IHT that combines customized smartphone software (PocketPATH: Personal Assistant for Tracking Health) with PocketPATH Link, a clinician website, to share data collected through the smartphone app between lung transplant recipients (LTR) and the transplant team. The success of PPS depends on clinicians' adoption of the website. Before possible full-scale deployment, our aims were to assess clinicians' intention to use the website, their actual use, and perceptions regarding its usability and acceptability. Methods All 22 members of the lung transplant team (including surgeons, pulmonologists, nurses) were invited to participate. Responders were oriented to the website and asked about their intention to use the website. After the website was deployed, clinicians were followed prospectively as they monitored data from 27 LTRs uploaded in real-time to the website over a 2-month period. Clinicians were instructed to view the website at will. At the end of the 2-months, clinicians were sent an on-line survey including the Perceived Ease of Use and Usefulness scales and open-ended questions related to acceptability of the website (benefits and barriers). Results 18/22 (88%) agreed to use the website (physicians 11, nurses 7). Over the 2 months, 2/11 (18%) of physicians logged in at least once and 4/18 (22%) of professionals (all nurses) met the threshold of weekly log-ins. 15/18 (83%) completed the post-survey regardless of whether they logged-in to the website. Over 85% agreed that the website was useful and easy to use. The most commonly cited benefits were to: monitor patients between visits (92%) and identify potential problems early (83%). The most common barriers were: too busy to use the website (83%), interruption of workflow (75%), forgot log-in (50%), and inconvenient to log-on to another website besides the electronic health record (EHR) (33%). Conclusion Clinicians' intention to use, perceived usability and acceptability of the website were favorable, but actual use was low. Future work should integrate data into the EHR and use of the website into clinicians' workflow. Data suggest that as barriers are resolved, assessment of how PPS impacts clinical management will be a crucial next step. Funding: NR010711
Improved walking function in laboratory does not guarantee increased community walking in stroke survivors: Potential role of gait biomechanics.

Abstract Reduced daily stepping in stroke survivors may contribute to decreased functional capacity and increased mortality. We investigated the relationships between clinical and biomechanical walking measures that may contribute to changes in daily stepping activity following physical interventions provided to participants with subacute stroke. Following ≤40 rehabilitation sessions, 39 participants were categorized into three groups: responders/retainers increased daily stepping >500 steps/day post-training (POST) without decreases in stepping at 2–6 month follow-up (F/U); responders/non-retainers increased stepping at POST but declined >500 steps/day at F/U; and, non-responders did not change daily stepping from baseline testing (BSL). Gait kinematics and kinetics were evaluated during graded treadmill assessments at BSL and POST. Clinical measures of gait speed, timed walking distance, balance and balance confidence were measured at BSL, POST and F/U. Between-group comparisons and regression analyses were conducted to predict stepping activity from BSL and POST measurements. Baseline and changes in clinical measures of walking demonstrated selective associations with stepping, although kinematic measures appeared to better discriminate responders. Specific measures suggest greater paretic vs non-paretic kinematic changes in responders with training, although greater non-paretic changes predicted greater gains (i.e., smaller declines) in stepping in retainers at F/U. No kinetic variables were primary predictors of changes in stepping activity at POST or F/U. The combined findings indicate specific biomechanical assessments may help differentiate changes in daily stepping activity post-stroke.
Emissions Trading for Buildings

In April of 2019, the New York City Council passed groundbreaking legislation that caps the amount of greenhouse gases that large building owners can emit, or cause to be emitted, for free. The new law, known as Local Law 97 of 2019 (“Local Law 97”), holds great promise for reducing building energy use, which accounts for roughly forty percent of emissions across the globe and over two-thirds of emissions in New York City. But it will also impose substantial costs on the local real estate industry. With an eye towards minimizing these costs, Local Law 97 calls on the City to conduct a study of the potential to create an emissions trading program for regulated buildings; trading programs have been successfully used for years in industrial sectors to reduce the cost of emissions control, yet how to translate the lessons learned from industrial trading programs to buildings is still very much an open question. In this essay, I highlight some key points of distinction between the emissions trading program that New York City is contemplating and prior programs that policymakers will need to bear in mind as they develop a trading scheme for this novel context. As the federal government retreats from its efforts to tackle climate change, and the burden of doing so falls increasingly upon local leaders’ shoulders, the question of how to tailor emissions trading programs to the local landscape will doubtless be relevant for cities outside New York City as well.
Muddling through troubled water: resilient performance of incident management teams during Hurricane Harvey

Modern communities face escalating threats from natural disasters. Thus, the resilience of incident management teams (IMTs) during adverse events becomes crucial to protect lives and physical syste...
Conhecimento de professores da educação básica sobre reaproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos

Em muitos casos, a sociedade e indiferente e omissa sobre a questao da geracao de residuos, seja por nao perceber os impactos ambientais negativos por ela gerados, por falta de conhecimento, ou por entender que se trata de um problema de gestao publica. Acredita-se que e necessario maior envolvimento da sociedade na busca de solucoes e que a educacao ambiental pode ser a solucao para um maior engajamento. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento de professores da Educacao Basica sobre o reaproveitamento de residuos solidos. Inicialmente a pesquisa aborda quatro tipos de reaproveitamento de residuos: residuos que se transformam em arte, renda, moradia e que retornam ao ciclo produtivo. Como resultado da pesquisa de levantamento, conclui-se que o conhecimento dos professores sobre reaproveitamento de residuos solidos e satisfatorio, no entanto, praticas mais sustentaveis podem ser realizadas, tais como: separacao do lixo em casa e a entrega de residuos no ponto de coleta.
Opus Gelber y Una historia sencilla de Leila Guerriero

In Una historia sencilla and Opus Gelber, journalist Leila Guerriero reconstructs the lives of Rodolfo Gonzalez Alcantara (winner of the Malambo dance competition in the Laborde festival) and Bruno Gelber, classical pianist. Using game theories posited by Johan Huizinga and those on dramaturgy by sociologist Erwin Goffmann, I propose that the characters who inspired her books are conscious of their construction: Gonzalez represents a gaucho through dance; and Gelber, a 19th century classical pianist, through his style, dress and refined tastes. Guerriero creates a portrait of their lives, replicating dance and music with the written word, acting as a translator of the arts
Mean yield pressure from the in-die Heckel analysis is a reliable plasticity parameter.

Abstract Despite the ability to characterize the plasticity of powders in a material-sparing and expedited manner, the in-die Heckel analysis has been widely criticized for its sensitivity to several factors, such as particle elastic deformation, tooling size, lubrication, and speed. Using materials exhibiting a wide range of mechanical properties, we show that the in-die Py correlates strongly with three established plasticity parameters obtained from the out-of-die Heckel analysis, Kuentz-Leuenberger analysis, and macroindentation. Thus, the in-die Py is a reliable parameter for quantifying powder plasticity in a material-sparing and expedited manner.
Romanticism and Animal Rights

In England in the second half of the eighteenth century an unprecedented amount of writing urged kindness to animals. This theme was carried in many genres, from sermons to encyclopedias, from scientific works to literature for children, and in the poetry of Cowper, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Clare and others. Romanticism and Animal Rights discusses the arguments writers used, and the particular meanings of these arguments in a social and economic context so different from the present. After introductory chapters, the material is divided according to specific practices that particularly influenced feeling or aroused protest: pet keeping, hunting, baiting, working animals, eating them, and the various harms inflicted on wild birds. The book shows how extensively English Romantic writing took up issues of what we now call animal rights. In this respect it joins the growing number of studies that seek precedents or affinities in English Romanticism for our own ecological concerns.
Spectroscopic characterization of the iron-sulfur cluster in Bacillus subtilis glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase.

Abstract The properties of the [4Fe-4S] cluster in glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase from Bacillus subtilis have been investigated using low temperature magnetic circular dichroism, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and resonance Raman spectroscopies. The Raman spectra of the native enzyme in the Fe-S stretching region show a [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster that is structurally very similar to those in simple redox proteins. Photochemical reduction mediated by 5-deazaflavin with oxalate as the electron donor resulted in [4Fe-4S]+ clusters with a mixture of ground state spin multiplicities. Magnetic circular dichroism and EPR studies of samples ranging in concentration from 0.15 to 0.4 mM concur in finding S = 3/2 [4Fe-4S]+ clusters with predominantly axial and positive zero field splitting as the dominant species. The EPR studies also revealed minor contributions from S = 1/2 [4Fe-4S]+ centers and an S = 5/2 species. The latter becomes the dominant component in more concentrated samples (approximately 2 mM), and arguments are presented in favor of assignment to S = 5/2 [4Fe-4S]+ clusters rather than adventitiously bound high spin Fe(III) ions. The concentration-dependent spin state heterogeneity of the [4Fe-4S]+ cluster in glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase is discussed in light of the magnetic and electronic properties of the [4Fe-4S]+ centers in other enzymes and proteins.
Death, Gender, and Ethnicity

Death, Gender, and Ethnicity. David Field. Jenny Hockey. and Neil Small. eds. New York: Routledge, 1997.230 pp.
Infinite Gain of Regularity for Dispersive Evolution Equations

We say that an evolution equation has an infinite gain of regularity if its solutions are C ∞ for t > 0, for initial data with only a finite amount of smoothness. An equation need not be hypoelliptic for this to happen provided the initial data vanish at spatial infinity. For instance, for the Schrodinger equation in R n , this is clear from the explicit solution formula if the initial data decay faster than any polynomial. For the Korteweg-deVries equation, T. Kato [4], motivated by work of A. Cohen, showed that the solutions are C ∞ for any data in L 2 with a weight function 1 + e σx . While the proof of Kato appears to depend on special a priori estimates, some of its mystery has been resolved by the recent results of finite regularity for various other nonlinear dispersive equations due to Constantin and Saut [1], Ponce [5] and others [3]. However, all of them require growth conditions on the nonlinear term.
Hematopoietic toxicity from lead-containing Ayurvedic medications

Background Millions worldwide use Ayurvedic (traditional Indian) medicines. These medications are increasingly associated with lead poisoning, often accompanied by anemia. We compared the relative hematopoietic toxicity of Ayurvedic lead poisoning with a common form of occupational lead poisoning.
An analysis of shorts in CMOS standard cell circuits

In order to provide high levels of IC quality, we must be able to detect the presence of a very high percentage of the defects that may occur in circuits. Our long term goal is to address this problem by developing guidelines to design circuits to be more easily tested without requiring complex fault models or testing techniques. This paper is a first step towards this goal. This paper contains data on which shorting defects are most likely to occur in CMOS standard cell circuits and which are most likely to not be detected by standard testing methods. >
Helicobacter pylori and gastric inflammation: Role of MUC1 mucin

More than half of the world's population is infected with Helicobacter pylori , which is strongly linked to the development of chronic gastric inflammation (gastritis), peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer. However, for unknown reasons, the vast majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic beyond histologic inflammation. This review article will summarize current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of H. pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa, with a particular focus on the biochemistry of MUC1 mucin in the host response to bacterial infection.
“Patience, Sincerity, and Consistency”: Fred Anderson’s Musical and Social Practices

The August 19, 2009 symposium held in honor of Chicago tenor saxophonist Fred Anderson, and the eightieth-birthday concert that took place the following evening, provided tangible representations of the acclaim and appreciation received by Anderson in his last years. Though Anderson was best known for his work as a performer, bandleader, and “gray eminence” on the international jazz and improvised-music scene, he was equally successful in the social realm as an educator, a community builder, and—critically—the steward of the Velvet Lounge nightclub, which he owned and operated from 1982 to 2010. In this article, I examine Anderson’s musical and social practices, demonstrating how he constructed inclusive, supportive spaces for multiple personal expression via musical sound and social interaction. I also consider the relationships between Anderson’s efforts and the goals of the Association for the Advancement of Creative Musicians (AACM), the African American artists’ collective that Anderson was affiliated with for more than four decades. The “data set” for this investigation includes the proceedings of the above-mentioned symposium, my own interviews with Anderson, and analyses of his compositions, performances, and music-theoretical discoveries.
Sensor placement methodologies for dynamic testing

Two methods are presented for structural sensor placement. The first scheme selects the most linearly independent impulse responses at all candidate sensor locations from a Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. The second scheme is based on a principal component analysis and iteratively removes sensors that do not contribute significant information to the Fisher information matrix. Furthermore, use of a model reduction criterion is proposed to address the optimality issue. Several sensor placement methods were implemented to compare results and were applied to an Euler-Bernoulli beam and a cantilevered frame structure. It is shown that the proposed frequency criterion appears to be a selective criterion for choosing optimum sensor locations. Finally, the optimum measurement locations from several of the methods studied yield acceptable results based on data from an experimental study on the frame structure.