cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coumarin necrosis, neonatal purpura fulminans, and protein C deficiency.

• Protein C (PC), a 62000-molecular weight vitamin K-dependent serine protease zymogen, is a natural anticoagulant that occurs in plasma at 4 mg/L. Activated PC inactivates clotting factors V and VIII and is also profibrinolytic. Activated PC is enhanced in its anticoagulant activity by protein S (PS), another vitamin K-dependent protein. Protein S is found in platelets and endothelial cells as well as in plasma. Inherited PC deficiency and PS deficiency have been associated with venous thrombosis. Both heterozygous PC and PS deficiency appear to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in some families. Homozygous PC deficiency presents as neonatal purpura fulminans and results in massive venous thrombosis of the skin and other organs within the first few days of life. Symptomatic heterozygous PC deficiency and PS deficiency have been treated with oral anticoagulants, successfully minimizing recurrence of thrombosis. Coumarin-induced skin necrosis, a rare complication of oral anticoagulant therapy usually seen within three to five days of initiation of therapy, has also been associated with heterozygous PC deficiency. The short half-life of PC (six to eight hours) compared with most of the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors (>30 hours) is the probable reason for this paradoxical response to oral anticoagulants in some PC-deficient patients, since a transient imbalance of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors may exist during initiation of oral anticoagulant therapy. Acquired deficiency of the PC pathway occurs in disseminated intravascular coagulation and possibly other diseases such as those associated with a lupus anticoagulant. (Arch Dermatol1987;123:1701a-1706a)
7-substituted 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-diones as enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of aromatase.

Abstract 7-Phenyl-1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (4), 7-benzyl-1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (5) and 7-phenethyl-1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione (6) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro in human placental microsomes as enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of aromatase. The compounds were synthesized from appropriate 7-substituted 4,6-androstadiene-3, 17-diones by reaction with DDQ under neutral conditions. All the compounds produced a first order inactivation of aromatase in the presence of NADPH but not in the absence of NADPH. Substrate 4-androstene-3, 17-dione protected the enzyme from inactivation by the inhibitors. Furthermore, cysteine failed to protect aromatase from inactivation by compounds 5 and 6. In contrast, cysteine partially protected aromatase from inactivation by compound 4. Irreversibility studies illustrated the covalent nature of the inactivation by 4, 5 and 6. The above experimental evidence demonstrated that compounds 5 and 6 are effective enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors of aromatase.
Bearing strength of cold-formed steel bolted connections with a gap

Abstract The existing design provision in North American Specification for Cold- Formed Steel Structural Member (AISI S100 2007) for the bearing strength of bolted connections were developed from tests on bolted connected sheets which were restrained by bolt nut and head with or without washers. However, for bolted connections used in the cold-formed assemblies, particularly in trusses, the connected sheets on the inside of the section (the gap) are usually unrestrained due to the limited space for installing nuts or washers. The warping of the unrestrained sheets may reduce the bearing strength of the bolted connection. This paper presents an experimental research to study the bearing strength of bolted connections with a gap. It was found that the AISI S100 works well for relatively thick connections but provides unconservative predictions for relatively thin materials. Based on the experimental results, a modified bearing strength method is proposed. The proposed method can be generally used for cold-formed steel bolted connections with a gap.
Times of rise for turbulent forced plumes

The motion of turbulent forced plumes, issuing vertically from isolated sources into an otherwise stable environment, is examined using a Lagrangian approach. Previous Eulerian approaches have yielded only numerical solutions whereas the present approach yields partial analytic solutions from which times of rise, from the source to levels of zero buoyancy and zero momentum, are evaluated for fluid elements travelling with the mean speed of flow. Consideration of previous work describing the asymptotic behaviour of starting plumes shows that times of rise may also be found for the leading front of a starting plume rising in a neutral environment. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1979.tb00885.x
Characteristics of 511 patients with temporomandibular disorders referred for physical therapy.

Objective This study aimed (1) to identify the diagnostic subsets of a patient population with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) referred from dental professionals to a physical therapist (PT) in an outpatient physical therapy practice and (2) to use the characteristics of this TMD population to assist clinical decision making in the management of TMD. Study Design This was an institutional review board–approved, retrospective study of 511 patients referred to a PT. The PT followed the diagnostic guidelines of axis I of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Results All 8 diagnostic subsets of the RDC/TMD were diagnosed among the 511 patients. Concurrent diagnostic subsets, cervical spine involvement, and oral appliance use were described. Conclusions PTs in an outpatient practice should be proficient in the use of the RDC/TMD. Characteristics identified with this patient population suggest that dentists should involve the services of PTs early in the management of patients with TMD and cervical symptoms.
Econometric evidence of cross-market effects of generic dairy advertising

We estimate a dairy demand system to evaluate generic dairy advertising in the US, 1990–2005. Previous empirical studies of generic dairy advertising focus only on the market of the advertised good, ignoring potential spill-over and feedback effects. We specify an LA/AIDS model of dairy demand, which allows consistent estimation of cross-price and cross-advertising effects across dairy product markets, and is flexible and satisfies the axioms of consumer theory. We use the non-linear 3SLS estimator to address endogenous prices and serial correlation, and conduct bootstrapping to generate empirical distributions of elasticity estimates. Results suggest that cross-market effects are economically and statistically important. Thus, econometric dairy demand models that ignore cross-advertising and cross-price effects are mis-specified. Previous work that ignores substitution between fluid milk and cheese overstates producers’ returns to generic advertising for either product. r 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pluto and Charon’s UV spectra from IUE to New Horizons

Abstract We compare Mid-Ultraviolet (MUV) spectra of Pluto taken over a period of 20 years by the International Ultraviolet Explorer, the HST-Faint Object Spectrograph, and the HST-Cosmic Origins Spectrograph. We extract Pluto-only spectra from the IUE data and associate them with corrected longitudes when necessary. Comparing them with HST spectra provides further evidence of temporal changes in Pluto’s geometric albedo between 2000 and 3200 A. These various spectra are used to explore the contributions of atmospheric or surface changes to Pluto’s reflectance. We also provide predictions for the Far-Ultraviolet (FUV) surface reflectance and atmospheric emission spectra of Pluto that will be measured by the Alice spectrograph (Stern, S.A. et al. [2008]. Space Sci. Rev. 140, 155–187) during the New Horizons flyby of Pluto in 2015. FUV surface reflectance predictions are also made for Charon, Hydra, and Nix.
Attitudes About Woman Abuse Among Police Officers, Victims, and Victim Advocates

Law enforcement agencies are in a position to be of great service to battered women, yet they have recently been criticized for the manner of their response. This survey of police officers, battered women, and advocates for battered women was conducted to shed light on the controversy over the police response. The results show that officers generally viewed marital violence as criminal and unacceptable, yet very few saw arrest as the best solution. In contrast, the majority of victims wanted arrest used, often to force the offender to get help in addition to being punished. Victim-blaming by officers was related to traditional views of women's roles. Somewhat divergent views and negative stereotyping seemed to characterize the police-advocate relationship. Recommendations for improving police-advocate dialogue and police training are given.
Ion Relations, Chlorophyll Synthesis and the Question of ‘Bulk’ Phytochrome in Pisum sativum

Lack of correlation between spectrophotometric phytochrome assays and physiological experiments has led to the concept of a ‘bulk’ phytochrome that is measurable but inactive, in contrast to an active form that is not measured in the standard assay. Because of suggestions that phytochrome action involves changes in membrane permeability, particularly to potassium ions, we investigated potassium and sodium uptake and efflux in Pisum sativum epicotyl sections which were equally de-etiolated yet differed three-fold in their phytochrome contents. Although dependent on the metabolic integrity of cell membranes (as shown by respiratory inhibitors) the selective uptake of potassium in this tissue is not under phytochrome control. Experiments were also conducted to see whether a three-fold difference in phytochrome content affects chlorophyll synthesis in Pisum. Differences in chlorophyll synthesis observed can be related to the effectiveness of the pretreatments in eliminating the lag phase, not to their differences in phytochrome; Pfr decay rate has no effect on chlorophyll synthesis. The failure to find any correlation with the amount or state of ‘bulk’ phytochrome in these and previous experiments indicates that no function of this material is yet known.
Wireless Batteryless Implantable Blood Pressure Monitoring Microsystem for Small Laboratory Animals

A novel, wireless, batteryless, implantable blood pressure monitoring microsystem for small laboratory animals is developed for advanced biological and system biology research. The system employs an instrumented elastic circular cuff, wrapped around a blood vessel, for real-time blood pressure monitoring. The elastic circular cuff is made of soft bio-compatible silicone material, which is filled with bio-compatible insulating fluid with an immersed microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) pressure sensor and integrated electronic system to detect a down-scaled vessel blood pressure waveform. This technique avoids vessel penetration and substantially minimizes vessel restriction due to the soft cuff elasticity, thus attractive for long-term monitoring. A large-model engineering experiment is first developed to verify and demonstrate the concept. A miniature prototype monitoring cuff is then fabricated and implanted in two laboratory rats to evaluate its functionality. A wireless and batteryless monitoring microsystem is then implanted and characterized in a laboratory rat. The measured in vivo blood pressure waveform by the microsystem and a reference waveform recorded by a commercial catheter-tip transducer are closely matched in shape with a constant scaling factor, demonstrating a blood pressure signal with high fidelity can be wirelessly obtained by the implantable monitoring microsystem. The overall implant dissipates 300 ?W, which is powered by an external adaptive RF powering source.
Network software architecture for a symbiotic human life with robots

It is expected that the age when men and robots live together is close at hand. In the age, his/her everyday life will be helped by robots. To provide a comfortable symbiotic human life with robots, customization to meet with userpsilas requirements is greatly important. Rule-based languages allow programs to be easily described at a high and abstract level, however, they suffer from long execution times. To reduce the complexity of development, this paper proposes a method for describing service programs using a rule-based language. In this paper the software architecture for a comfortable symbiotic human life with robots is proposed.
Electrostatically Tunable Meta-Atoms Integrated With In Situ Fabricated MEMS Cantilever Beam Arrays

Two concentric split ring resonators (SRRs) or meta-atoms designed to have a resonant frequency of 14 GHz are integrated with microelectromechanical systems cantilever arrays to enable electrostatic tuning of the resonant frequency. The entire structure was fabricated monolithically to improve scalability and minimize losses from externally wire-bonded components. A cantilever array was fabricated in the gap of both the inner and outer SRRs and consisted of five evenly spaced beams with lengths ranging from 300 to 400 μm. The cantilevers pulled in between 15 and 24 V depending on the beam geometry. Each pulled-in beam increased the SRR gap capacitance resulting in an overall 1-GHz shift of the measured meta-atom resonant frequency.
Children and the Politics of Culture

Children and the Politics of Culture. Sharon Stephens, ed.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University press. 1995. 355 pp.references, apto pendix, contributors, index.
Predicting propositional logic inferences in text comprehension

Abstract Three experiments investigated whether the propositional logic reasoning model of Braine, Reiser, and Rumain (1984) can account for propositional logic inferences made in text comprehension. The operative part of the model consists of a set of inference schemas together with a routine for using them to draw inferences. In Experiment 1 subjects read stories and performed two tasks: the first asked them to indicate whether a final sentence made sense in the context of the story; the second asked them whether a piece of information was presented in the story or needed to be inferred. In Experiment 2 we omitted the first task and replicated the second task. Results showed that (a) subjects had no difficulty making the inferences necessary to judge the sensibleness of the final sentence and (b) subjects often believed that information derived from model-predicted inferences had been presented to them in the story, although subjects rarely believed that information derived from other logically valid inferences had been presented in the text. In Experiment 3 subjects were presented with abstract versions of the logical form of the stories and were asked to write whatever follows from the premises. It turned out that the inferences that subjects think follow from only the meaning of the logical particles correspond closely to the ones that they draw reading the stories, and both are well predicted by the model investigated. We argue that any complete account of the inferences people make in discourse comprehension must include some propositional logic inferences, and, more particularly, that the inference-schema model we examined provides a precise starting hypothesis about the propositional logic inference generator used in text comprehension.
Clinical Global Impressions in Alzheimer's Clinical Trials

This article reviews the history of Clinical Global Impressions of Change (CGIC) instruments, their use and limitations in clinical trials of Alzheimer's disease, and the development of the National Institute on Aging's Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale (ADCS-CGIC). Originally, CGICs were simple and unstructured instruments that asked a clinician to rate change over the duration of a clinical trial. The method, however, failed to consistently detect treatment effects, leading to the development of more structured and subsequently validated approaches, such as the Clinician Interview-Based Impression Scale (CIBI) and the ADCS-CGIC. Both are currently used in clinical trials. The implications and importance of choosing an appropriate global rating are discussed.
A COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR GENERATING TWO‐DIMENSIONAL FIELDS OF AUTOCORRELATED PARAMETERS

. This paper presents a computer program for generating two-dimensional fields of autocorrelated parameters. The program is written for parameters which are log-normally distributed such as hydraulic conductivity of aquifers. A specific form for the autocorrelation structure is included. Generating a parameter field represents an important step in the stochastic analysis of ground-water flow and mass transport via the Monte-Carlo technique. The program is written in FORTRAN for both the IBM PC and the VAX 11/780 and runs interactively to allow easy use. The program listing as run on the IBM PC is included.
Surfactant-free latex spheres for size calibration of mobility particle sizers in atmospheric aerosol applications

Abstract Scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPS) are common instruments in laboratory and field aerosol studies. They are, however, complex instruments whose accuracy depends in part on reproducible size calibration. The commonly recommended calibration procedure uses polystyrene latex spheres in a solution with surfactant added to minimize coagulation of the particles. The surfactant can contribute significantly to the overall particle number size distribution and in some cases overlap the peak due to the latex spheres. We describe here the application of surfactant-free latex spheres which to the best of our knowledge have not been used in atmospheric applications before but which have significant advantages, including ease of use and cost.
THE EFFECT OF IMAGE ORIENTATION ON A DYNAMIC LAPAROSCOPIC TASK

During laparoscopic surgery, the surgeon’s hand-eye coordination is often disrupted by the incongruent mapping between the orientation of the endoscopic view and the actual operative field. This can lead to higher mental load and deteriorated performance for the surgeon. This study investigated the effect of visual-motor misalignment on laparoscopic surgery performance. Twenty-four subjects participated in a dynamic point-and-touch task, with 8 image rotations under different optical axes and different endoscope locations in a simulated laparoscopic surgery environment. Performance was best when the endoscopic image was perfectly aligned with the actual task space (0o image rotation), but degraded progressively as a function of deviation from perfect alignment. Subjects’ performance maintained a consistent pattern across 8 image rotations regardless of optical axis orientation and endoscope location. Therefore, it is recommended that any solution to restore the visuomotor congruency in laparoscopic surgery should first align the image with the task space.
Fragmentation Pathways and Structural Characterization of 14 Nerve Agent Compounds by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Organophosphate nerve agents (OPNAs) are some of the most widely used and proliferated chemical warfare agents. As evidenced by recent events in Syria, these compounds remain a serious military and terrorist threat to human health because of their toxicity and the ease with which they can be used, produced and stored. There are over 2,000 known, scheduled compounds derived from common parent structures with many more possible. To address medical, forensic, attribution, remediation and other requirements, laboratory systems have been established to provide the capability to analyze 'unknown' samples for the presence of these compounds. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric methods have been validated and are routinely used in the analysis of samples for a very limited number of these compounds, but limited data exist characterizing the electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of the compound families. This report describes results from direct infusion ESI/MS, ESI/MS(2) and ESI/MS(3) analysis of 14 G and V agents, the major OPNA families, using an AB Sciex 4000 QTrap. Using a range of conditions, spectra were acquired and characteristic fragments identified. The results demonstrated that the reproducible and predictable fragmentation of these compounds by ESI/MS, ESI/MS(2) and ESI/MS(3) can be used to describe systematic fragmentation pathways specific to compound structural class. These fragmentation pathways, in turn, may be useful as a predictive tool in the analysis of samples by screening and confirmatory laboratories to identify related compounds for which authentic standards are not readily available. Language: en
Finitely monotone properties

A characterization of definability by positive first order formulas in terms of Fraisse-Ehrenfeucht-like games is developed. Using this characterization, an elementary, purely combinatorial, proof of the failure of Lyndon's Lemma (1959) (that every monotone first order property is expressible positively) for finite models is given. The proof implies that first order logic is a bad candidate for the role of a uniform version of positive Boolean circuits of constant depth and polynomial size. Although Lyndon's Lemma fails for finite models, same similar characterization may be established for finitely monotone properties, and we formulate a particular open problem in this direction.
Race does not impact pancreatic cancer treatment and survival in an equal access federal health care system.

Black patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have been reported to undergo surgical resection less frequently and to have a shorter overall survival duration than white patients. We sought to determine whether disparities in clinical management and overall survival exist between black and white patients with PDAC treated in an equal access health care system. Using the Department of Defense (DoD) tumor registry database from 1993 to 2007, patient, tumor, and treatment factors were analyzed to compare rates of therapy and survival between black and white patients. Of 1,008 patients with PDAC, 157 were black (15 %). Thirty-six percent of black and 37 % of white patients presented with locoregional disease (p = 0.85). Among those with locoregional cancers, the odds of black patients having received surgical resection (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.60–1.89), chemotherapy (OR 0.92, 95 % CI 0.49–1.73) and radiotherapy (OR 1.14, 95 % CI 0.61–2.10) were not different from those of whites. Among those with distant disease, the odds of having received palliative chemotherapy were also similar (OR 0.91, 95 % CI 0.55–1.51). Black and white patients with PDAC had a similar median overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, as compared to whites, black race was not associated with shorter overall survival. We observed no disparities in either management or survival between white and black patients with PDAC treated in the DoD’s equal access health care system. These data suggest that improving the access of minorities with PDAC to health care may reduce disparities in their oncologic outcomes.
Interest Group Influence in Policy Diffusion Networks

Scholars have suggested that interest groups affect the diffusion of innovations across states by creating a network of information between the states that aids in the spread of policy ideas. Still, the unique role that interest groups play in policy diffusion networks is not fully understood, in large part because the current methodology for studying diffusion cannot parse out interest group influence. We address this problem by analyzing the actual text of legislation, moving away from binary adoption to a more nuanced measure of policy similarity. This allows us to distinguish whether states emulate other states or interest group model legislation. We use text similarity scores in a social network analysis to explore whether early-adopting states or interest groups are more central to the network. We apply this analytical framework to two policies—abortion insurance coverage restrictions and self-defense statutes. Based on this analysis, we find that a fundamentally different picture of policy diffusion networks begins to emerge—one where interest group model legislation plays a central role in the diffusion of innovations.
Sex-Specific Differences In Disease Severity In Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps

S U N D A Y 583 Regulation Of Expression Of Pendrin Protein In CRS With Nasal Polyps and In Airway Epithelial Cells Dr. Sudarshan Seshadri, PhD, Dr. Xiang Lu, MD, PhD, Mr. Matthew Purkey, BS, Dr. Tetsuya Homma, MD, Mr. Andrew Choi, Mr. Roderick Carter, BSc, Mr. James Norton, MS, Ms. Lydia Suh, BSc, Dr. Atsushi Kato, PhD, Prof. Pedro C. Avila, MD, FAAAAI, Dr. Anju T. Peters, MD, FAAAAI, Dr. David Conley, MD, Dr. Rakesh Chandra, MD, Dr. Bruce K. Tan, MD, Dr. Leslie C. Grammer, MD, FAAAAI, Dr. Robert C. Kern, MD, Dr. Robert P. Schleimer, PhD, FAAAAI; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL. RATIONALE: Pendrin is an anion transporter expressed by airway epithelial cells. Pendrin functions as a regulator of inflammation, mucus production and in the maintenance of air-surface liquid (ASL). We and others reported that expression of pendrin mRNA was elevated in nasal polyps (NP) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). In this study we analyzed the regulation of pendrin protein expression in NPs of patients with CRS and also in nasal epithelial cells (NECs). METHODS: Tissue samples were collected and analyzed by real-time PCR and/or immunoblot analysis for expression of pendrin and various cytokines. NECs were stimulated with various cytokines, dsRNA and rhinovirus to analyze the regulation of pendrin expression. RESULTS: Immunoblot analysis indicated that pendrin protein was increased in NP of patients with CRS compared to control uncinates (3.5 fold, p<0.01, n59-16), although the molecular size of pendrin was less than the expected 80-100 kDa of the fully glycosylated form. In cultured NECs, glycosylated pendrin expression was increased by treatment with IL-13 and IL-17, and profoundly so when these two cytokines were combined. IL-13 and IL-17 also potentiated pendrin expression induced by dsRNA or rhinovirus. Pendrin mRNA expression in vivo correlated with IL-13 and IL-17 mRNA in sinonasal tissues. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm in vivo expression of pendrin protein in NP of patients with CRS and also indicate that pendrin expression is induced synergistically by Th2/Th17 cytokines in vitro. Profound induction of pendrin by rhinovirus and Th2/Th17 cytokines suggests that pendrin may be involved in viral induced exacerbations in CRS and/or asthma
Segmentation of the vertebrate skull: neural-crest derivation of adult cartilages in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis

We utilize a novel, transgenic cell-labeling system to assess the embryonic derivation of cartilages in the post-metamorphic skull of anuran amphibians. Many of these cartilages form de novo at metamorphosis and have no obvious precursors within the larval skeleton. Most adult cartilages are derived from mandibular- or hyoid-stream neural crest, either individually or in combination; branchial-stream neural crest makes a modest contribution. Each stream also contributes to at least one cartilage in the middle ear or external ear. Four cartilages are composite elements; each is derived from at least two distinct cell populations. Many boundaries between adjacent neural-crest territories are cryptic insofar as they do not coincide with anatomical boundaries. The system of adult cranial segmentation revealed by these fate-mapping results differs in important respects from both the segmentation of the ontogenetically earlier larval skull and the cranial segmentation in amniotes. Most striking is the rostral "inversion" of neural-crest-derived cartilages in Xenopus, such that mandibular stream-derived elements are deployed caudal to those derived from the hyoid stream, which predominate anteriorly. This novel pattern of rostral segmentation may be a consequence of the complex, biphasic life history that is characteristic of most species of living amphibians, and especially anurans, in which cranial architecture is significantly reconfigured at metamorphosis. Neural-crest derivation of the vertebrate skull is not invariant; instead, embryonic derivation of individual components of the cranial skeleton may vary widely among species.
Validity versus feasibility for quality of care indicators: expert panel results from the MI-Plus study

Background. In the choice and definition of quality of care indicators, there may be an inherent tension between feasibility, generally enhanced by simplicity, and validity, generally enhanced by accounting for clinical complexity. Objectives. To study the process of developing quality indicators using an expert panel and analyze the tension between feasibility and validity. Design and participants. A multidisciplinary panel of 12 expert physicians was engaged in two rounds of modified Delphi process to refine and choose a smaller subset from 36 indicators; these were developed by a research team studying the quality of care in ambulatory post-myocardial infarction patients with co-morbidities. We studied the correlation between validity/feasibility ranks provided by the expert panel. The correlation between the quality indicators ranks on validity and feasibility scale and variance of experts’ responses was also individually studied. Results. Ten of 36 indicators were ranked in both the highest validity and feasibility groups. The strength of association between validity and feasibility of indicators measured by Kendall tau-b was 0.65. In terms of validity, a strong negative correlation was observed between the ranks of indicators and the variability in expert panel responses (Spearman’s rho, r ¼ 20.85). A weak correlation was found between the ranks of feasibility and the variability of expert panel responses (Spearman’s rho, r ¼ 0.23). Conclusion. There was an unexpectedly strong association between the validity and feasibility of quality indicators, with a high level of consensus among experts regarding both feasibility and validity for indicators rated highly on each of these attributes.
Multicenter nature of titanium-based Ziegler–Natta catalysts: Comparison of ethylene and propylene polymerization reactions

This article discusses the similarities and differences between active centers in propylene and ethylene polymerization reactions over the same Ti-based catalysts. These correlations were examined by comparing the polymerization kinetics of both monomers over two different Ti-based catalyst systems, δ-TiCl3-AlEt3 and TiCl4/DBP/MgCl2-AlEt3/PhSi(OEt)3, by comparing the molecular weight distributions of respective polymers, in consecutive ethylene/propylene and propylene/ethylene homopolymerization reactions, and by examining the IR spectra of “impact-resistant” polypropylene (a mixture of isotactic polypropylene and an ethylene/propylene copolymer). The results of these experiments indicated that Ti-based catalysts contain two families of active centers. The centers of the first family, which are relatively unstable kinetically, are capable of polymerizing and copolymerizing all olefins. This family includes from four to six populations of centers that differ in their stereospecificity, average molecular weights of polymer molecules they produce, and in the values of reactivity ratios in olefin copolymerization reactions. The centers of the second family (two populations of centers) efficiently polymerize only ethylene. They do not homopolymerize α-olefins and, if used in ethylene/α-olefin copolymerization reactions, incorporate α-olefin molecules very poorly. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1745–1758, 2003
Double Taxation: The Unappreciated Ideal

When income generated by business activity conducted in one country is ultimately consumed by an individual living in another country, both countries have typically been thought to have the right to tax such income. One basis for this result is that both countries provide taxpayer-funded benefits with respect to such income: One country provides benefits that allow the income to be more efficiently generated, and the other country provides benefits that allow the income to be more enjoyably consumed. Professor Schlunk extends this insight to the purely domestic context. Thus, he explains, even if income generated by business activity is consumed in the same country where the business activity takes place, it continues to be true that the country provides taxpayer-funded benefits that both enable the income to be more efficiently generated and that allow the income to be more enjoyably consumed. But as in the multinational context, this dichotomy provides a compelling reason to tax the income twice: once as it is generated and once as it is consumed. If the former tax is called the corporate income tax' and the latter is called the individual income tax, double taxation (more or less as we currently know it) results.
Lifecycle Assessment Analysis of Engineered Stormwater Control Methods Common to Urban Watersheds

AbstractBest management practice (BMP) selection typically focuses on economic costs and management criteria. Generally, there is very little consideration of lifecycle assessment (LCA)-determined environmental impacts (LCA impacts) associated with management practice implementation and operation, although the inclusion of LCA considerations are becoming increasingly common within state governments and industries as part of sustainability initiatives. LCA modeling provides an evaluation of the environmental impacts of a product or process in a cradle to grave scenario following ISO 140440 protocol. LCA can provide value in preliminary decision making for construction of sustainable stormwater management structures. To assist in that effort, the LCA impacts of typical upper Midwest U.S. urban stormwater management scenarios were evaluated. Primary, traditional structures (porous detention, sand filtration basins) were considered both as stand-alone systems and as systems coupled with green BMPs (rain garde...
Exploring the Adapted Use of Evidence-Based Models to Assess and Treat Trauma Symptomology of an Elderly Combat Veteran Living in a Residential Treatment Facility: A Case Study

ABSTRACTA single subject case design is utilized to examine the effectiveness of adapted clinical modalities for behavior change in the presence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology. This is a special case scenario: Subject client is a geriatric veteran of foreign war residing at a residential nursing facility. Aggressive behaviors are tracked and compared to measurements of self-efficacy during a 16-week trial of client-centered empowerment strategies and breathing techniques. Finally, a significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and aggressive behavior presentation is observed by the author; and clinical implications for service provision, given study limitations, are introduced.
Phase Transition Mechanism for the Morphology of Surface Microstructures

We present general results demonstrating the existence of thermodynamic driving forces that effect the shape of small equilibrium regions ("droplets"), such as islands in epitaxial growth. These effects are due to critical fluctuations. They occur when the droplet, if it were infinite, would be at or near a second-order phase transition. Depending on the droplet geometry, they can lead to elongation, sharpening of "points", or healing of "dents". It is important to consider such effects, since in many surface preparation and modification techniques the shape of small islands can have a significant influence on the ultimate surface morphology.
THE CHEMISTRY OF α, ω-MERCAPTOALCOHOLS IN THE PRESENCE OF DIETHOXYTRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE. TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF CYCLODEHYDRATIONS AND S-ETHYLATIONS

Abstract Diethoxytriphenylphosphorane (DTPP) is easily prepared by oxidative addition of triphenylphosphine with diethyl peroxide. DTPP converts a variety of mercaptoalcohols to cyclic sulfides as well as hydroxythioethers. The temperature dependence (+25 → −25°C) of the product distribution has synthetic potential.
NATURAL GAS GEOCHEMISTRY CHARACTERS AND ORIGIN OF LARGE GAS FIELD IN MARINE CARBONATES OF THE SICHUAN BASIN

Natural gas geochemistry characters of large gas field in marine carbonates of the Sichuan Basin has detailedly been expounded in this paper, According to the results of the component of the natural gas, carbon isotopes, light hydrocarbon of condensate and distribution characters of biomarkers, the gas sources of 3 large gas fields in marine carbonates of the Sichuan basin are all foreign instead of in situ. Source rocks of 1 gas fields is above the reservoir, the others are under the reservoir. The gas of Dengying Formation in Wenyuan gas field comes from dark shale of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation. Gas source of Jia Lingjiang Formation in Wo-longhe gas field should be the underlying coal measures in the Upper Permian Longtan Formation. The gas of Carboniferous in easten of Sichuan basin chiefly comes from dark shale of Lower Silurian. These characteristics are important significant to exploring the large gas field in the carbonates.
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: diagnostic applications

Bronchoscopy has an important role in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. It is also useful in a more limited role in the diagnosis of infectious, interstitial, and pediatric diseases. Its applications, limitations, and complications in these conditions are reviewed.
Detectives of the Mind: Virginia Woolf and the Gothic Sublime

For many readers today, the very idea that the formal innovation characterizing Woolf’s novels might be rooted in popular fiction would seem surprising and even implausible. However, this chapter argues that Woolf’s theory and practice of the novel grows out of a Gothic strand running through the history of the sublime displayed in the sensation novel and in nineteenth-century psychiatric methods of diagnosis. It shows that Woolf designs the fragile and volatile architecture of the modernist self by drawing on the tradition of the Gothic sublime, which has styled oubliettes, dark caves, and obscure facial features as metaphorical variations on the enemy within, and which has offered a glimpse into the dark psyche by virtue of one’s awed inability to conceive its magnitude.
Bedingtheit und Unabhängigkeit

Wir haben gesehen, das die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Menge A ihr gewichteter Anteil relativ zum Stichprobenraum Ω ist. Wenn Ω endlich ist und alle Stichprobenpunkte dasselbe Gewicht haben (und daher gleichwahrscheinlich sind), dann ist $$ P(A) = \frac{{\left| A \right|}}{{\left| \Omega \right|}}\quad, $$ wie im Beispiel 4 von §2.2. Wenn Ω abzahlbar ist und jeder Punkt ω das Gewicht P(ω) = P({ω}) zugeteilt bekommt, dann ist $$ P(A) = \frac{{\sum\limits_{\omega \in A} {P\left( \omega \right)} }}{{\sum\limits_{\omega \in \Omega } {P\left( \omega \right)} }} $$ (5.1.1) nach (2.4.3), denn der Nenner dieses Quotienten ist gleich 1. Bei vielen Fragen interessiert nun der Gewichtsanteil einer Menge A bezuglich einer anderen Menge S. Genauer gesagt meint man damit den Anteil des Gewichts des in S liegenden Teils von A, namlich des Durchschnitts A ∩ S bzw. AS, bezuglich S. Die zu (5.1.1) analoge Formel lautet dann $$ \frac{{\sum\limits_{\omega \in AS} {P\left( \omega \right)} }}{{\sum\limits_{\omega \in S} {P\left( \omega \right)} }} $$ (5.1.2) .
Health problems and disinfectant product exposure among staff at a large multispecialty hospital

Background Hospital staff expressed health concerns after a surface disinfectant product containing hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and acetic acid was introduced. We sought to determine if this product posed a health hazard. Methods An interviewer-administered questionnaire on work and health characteristics was completed by 163 current staff. Symptoms that improved away from work were considered work-related. Forty-nine air samples were taken for hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, and acetic acid. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated using Poisson regression, and standardized morbidity ratios (SMRs) were calculated using nationally representative data. Results Product users reported higher prevalence of work-related wheeze and watery eyes than nonusers ( P 3-fold excess of current asthma (SMR, 3.47; 95% CI, 1.48-8.13) compared with the U.S. population. Conclusions This disinfectant product was associated with mucous membrane and respiratory health effects. Risks of mucous membrane irritation and asthma in health care workers should be considered in development of disinfection protocols to protect patients from hospital-acquired infections. Identification of optimal protocols that reduce worker exposures while maintaining patient safety is needed.
"An Equally Divided Court": Workplace Law in the U.S. Supreme Court 2015-2016

The 2015-2016 Term of the United States Supreme Court was scarcely halfway over when Justice Antonin Scalia passed away on February 12, 2016. This event and the political gridlock over his successor defined the Term in some ways more than the actual decisions of the Court, particularly when the resulting vacancy led an “equally divided” Supreme Court to affirm the courts below in a one sentence judgment. The most watched of these cases in workplace law was Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association, where the Supreme Court’s 4-4 tie avoided the overruling of decades of precedent upholding the constitutionality of agency shop agreements in the public sector. The oral argument and the deadlocked vote which resulted from the unexpected death of Justice Scalia spotlighted the laws governing unions and collective bargaining as among the most politically polarized issues on the Court’s docket. Besides another case involving the Constitution in the context of a mayoral election campaign, and a case involving the scope of an exemption under the Fair Labor Standards Act, other workplace law cases in this Term focused on procedural interpretations, rather than making major changes or new pronouncements of law. Nonetheless, with the new Trump Administration and the Republican-controlled Congress, there will be several examples of politically charged issues and cases on the front burner in the future.
Mixture formulation through multivariate statistical analysis of process data in property cluster space

Abstract Data-driven modeling approaches are suitable for representing complex processes and phenomena in cases where cause-and-effect cannot be easily described from first-principles. Chemical product formulation in industrial research and development is an area where the analysis of mixture data could be utilized more effectively. Correlation, either partial or complete, is inherent in such mixture data and requires the use of multivariate statistical tools for visualization and identification of important relationships in the data. In this paper, a systematic methodology is developed by integrating data-driven chemometric techniques and property based visualization and optimization tools to solve mixture formulation problems involving multi-block data structures. Effort has been focused on: the development of mathematical models by utilizing multivariate understanding of process and product data, visually identifying design targets a priori, and decomposition of the design problem by incorporating the concept of reverse problem formulation and property clustering techniques. A case study in industrial thermo-plastic development is presented to illustrate the methodology developed in this paper.
Internalizing and externalizing in adolescence: the roles of academic self-efficacy and gender

This study examines academic self-efficacy and gender as predictors of internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence. In addition, the role of gender was considered as a moderator in the relationship between academic self-efficacy and internalizing/externalizing difficulties. Participants were 4,318 predominantly African American, low-income high school students who completed self-report measures on the constructs of interest. Academic self-efficacy and gender were both significant predictors of risk for internalizing problems, whereas only academic self-efficacy predicted risk for externalizing (hyperactivity/distractibility) problems. Gender did not predict externalizing difficulties, nor did gender serve as a moderator in any analysis. Implications include focusing on academic self-efficacy in the development of strategies for prevention and intervention of internalizing and externalizing problems.
Direct Hot-Injection Synthesis of Mn-Doped CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals

We report the direct hot-injection synthesis of Mn-doped cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals. In contrast to Mn-doped CsPbCl3 nanocrystals, where doping of Mn under typical hot-injection synthesis condition has been relatively straightforward, extending the same approach to CsPbBr3 has been very difficult. Here, we achieved the synthesis of Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals via the formation of an intermediate structure (L2[Pb1–xMnx]Br4, L = ligand) before the hot-injection of the Cs precursor, which contains the same Mn–Br coordination present in Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. A strong correlation was observed between the Mn luminescence intensities of L2[Pb1–xMnx]Br4 and Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals, suggesting the possible role of L2[Pb1–xMnx]Br4 as the structural precursor to Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. The successful Mn doping in CsPbBr3 nanocrystal host, which has significantly better optical characteristics than CsPbCl3 nanocrystals, will expand the range of useful properties of M...
The Effect of Political Parties on the Distribution of Income in the American States: 1917–2011

Objectives This article examines the effects of partisan control of government on income distribution within the United States. Methods Using newly available data, we estimate the effects of unified Democratic and Republican Party control at the state and national levels on the share of income going to the top 1 percent of income earners, by state, between 1917 and 2011. Results We find that unified party control at the state level has minimal impact on income going to the top 1 percent of income earners within the states, but that unified party control at the federal level does have an effect. Moreover, we find that over the long term, unified Democratic control at the federal level leads to less income going to the top 1 percent, while unified Republican control increases income going to top earners. Conclusions Despite the increased focus on federalism and state policy in studies of income inequality, our findings suggest that federal‐level political factors are important for understanding the share of income going to the top income earners in the United States, particularly in the contemporary era.
Annealing and Extended Etching Improve a Torsional Resonator for Thin Film Internal Friction Measurements

We evaluate two methods to improve the background internal friction of the Double Paddle Oscillator (DPO), which has a nominal low temperature value of Q-1 ≈ 2×10-8. We find that annealing the DPO in vacuum at 300°C for 3 hours systematically reduced Q-1 at all temperatures and revealed a 100K internal friction peak by permanently removing it. We also find a striking decrease of low temperature Q-1 as the DPO geometry is altered through extended etching. This decrease is evaluated via Finite Element Method modeling in terms of mode mixing and attachment loss.