cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Quality Assessment and Directional Goal Commitment on Auditors' Acceptance of Client-Preferred Accounting Methods

Previous research demonstrates that auditors' directional goals influence their reporting decisions. For example, when auditors have goals of accepting client-preferred accounting methods, they tend to exploit ambiguity in reporting standards to justify those methods, even when they are aggressive (Hackenbrack and Nelson 1996). We report an experimental investigation of the likely effectiveness of regulation designed to curb this tendency. Specifically, regulators suggest that having auditors identify benchmarks or assess the quality of various methods will "raise the bar" for method acceptability, thereby reducing auditor acceptance of aggressive reporting methods. However, this reasoning ignores the fact that ambiguity typically surrounds quality assessment. Following motivated reasoning theory, we argue that, in order to meet the increased standard for acceptability, auditors with high commitment to directional goals will exploit the ambiguity surrounding the quality of various methods when making quality assessments, with the result that the client-preferred method will be deemed best, or at least of high enough relative quality to be used. This theory suggests that auditor acceptance will increase with goal commitment, and that the increase will be most dramatic when quality assessment is performed. Results of our experiment support our hypotheses that performing a quality assessment amplifies the effects of auditors' directional goals on their acceptance of a client-preferred method and on their ratings of the quality of that method. Moreover, auditors making quality assessments are more likely to identify the client's method as the most appropriate method when they are more committed to their directional goals. An implication of our theory and results is that regulation (such as SAS No. 90) that requires auditors to make quality assessments may decrease auditors' objectivity when auditors have directional goals to accept client methods.
Intracortical Microelectrode Array Unit Yield under Chronic Conditions: A Comparative Evaluation.

While microelectrode arrays (MEAs) offer the promise of elucidating functional neural circuitry and serve as the basis for a cortical neuroprosthesis, the challenge of designing and demonstrating chronically reliable technology remains. Numerous studies report “chronic” data but the actual time spans and performance measures corresponding to the experimental work vary. In this study, we reviewed the experimental durations that constitute chronic studies across a range of MEA types and animal species to gain an understanding of the widespread variability in reported study duration. For rodents, which are the most commonly used animal model in chronic studies, we examined active electrode yield (AEY) for different array types as a means to contextualize the study duration variance, as well as investigate and interpret the performance of custom devices in comparison to conventional MEAs. We observed wide-spread variance within species for the chronic implantation period and an AEY that decayed linearly in rodent models that implanted commercially-available devices. These observations provide a benchmark for comparing the performance of new technologies and highlight the need for consistency in chronic MEA studies. Additionally, to fully derive performance under chronic conditions, the duration of abiotic failure modes, biological processes induced by indwelling probes, and intended application of the device are key determinants.
The Burden of and Trends in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the United States, 2006-2016.

Background Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of the upper genital tract that has important reproductive consequences to women. We describe the burden of and trends in PID among reproductive-aged women in the United States during 2006-2016. Methods We used data from 2 nationally representative probability surveys collecting self-reported PID history (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Survey of Family Growth); 5 datasets containing International Classification of Diseases, Ninth/Tenth Revision codes indicating diagnosed PID (Healthcare Utilization Project; National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, emergency department component; National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; National Disease Therapeutic Index; MarketScan); and data from a network of sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics (Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance Network). Trends during 2006-2016 were estimated overall, by age group and, if available, race/ethnicity, region, and prior STIs. Results An estimated 2 million reproductive-aged women self-reported a history of PID. Three of 4 nationally representative data sources showed overall declines in a self-reported PID history, and PID emergency department and physician office visits, with small increases observed in nearly all data sources starting around 2015. Conclusions The burden of PID in the United States is high. Despite declines in burden over time, there is evidence of an increase in recent years.
Robotic Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion Technique.

The gold standard surgical treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy and urinary diversion. This procedure has historically been performed as an open surgery. With the adva...
Foreign Market Cash Flow Exposure: A Multi-Country, Firm-Level Study

Prompted by recent financial integration and increasingly regional nature of trade and investment flows, we investigate the existence and characteristics of international market-related cash flow exposures for international and domestic companies. Specifically, we study whether firm-level cash flow exposure varies with a regional or global market index in addition to the usual domestic market index. We investigate how this exposure varies with identifiable firm characteristics such international sales exposure and whether this exposure differs systematically across a variety of different countries. We also investigate whether the same model may be used to measure exposure in crisis and non-crisis periods using the Asian economic and financial crisis as a natural experiment. Our empirical investigation relies on a sample of 1325 companies from eight (non-U.S.) countries for the period July 1996 - June 1998. We find significant evidence of regional cash flow exposure across our sample, and this exposure increases in proportion to firm sales in the region. We also find evidence that even domestic companies are influenced by the stock market in other regions. Finally, we find clear evidence of increased exposure for companies with significant sales in Asia during the crisis in that region.
Multichip packaging technologies in IBM for desktop to mainframe computers

IBM currently manufactures six varieties of multichip module. They include air-cooled TCMs (thermal conduction modules) based on 63 layers of alumina-molybdenum with surface thin-film wiring, and water-cooled TCMs based on glass-ceramic/copper with thin-film redistribution. The four other multichips are all air-cooled and are based on ultradense thin film on silicon, high-density laminated printed wiring multichip with direct chip attach by flip-chip, and pinned, thin-film metallized multichip. The number of chips in these products ranges from 2 to 121, and the applications range from personal computers to mainframes. >
A general explanation-based learning mechanism and its application to narrative understanding

Explanation-based learning (EBL) is a learning method which uses existing knowledge of the domain to construct an explanation for why a specific example is a member of a concept or why a specific combination of actions achieves a goal. This explanation is then generalized in an analytical manner in order to produce a general concept description or plan schema. Although a number of exploratory EBL systems which operate in particular domains have previously been constructed, recent research in this area has led to the development of general mechanisms which can perform explanation-based learning in a wide variety of domains. This thesis describes a general EBL mechanism, EGGS, which can make use of declarative knowledge stored in the form of horn clauses, rewrite rules, or STRIPS operators. Numerous examples are presented illustrating its application to a wide variety of domains, including "blocks world" planning, logic circuit design, artifact recognition, and various forms of mathematical problem solving. The system is shown to improve its performance in each of these domains. EGGS has been most thoroughly tested as a component of a narrative understanding system, GENESIS, which improves its own performance through learning. GENESIS processes short English narratives and constructs explanations for characters' intentional behavior. When the system detects that a character has achieved an important goal by combining actions in an unfamiliar way, EGGS is used to generalize the specific explanation for how the goal was achieved into a general plan schema. The resulting schema is then retained by the system and indexed into its existing knowledge-base. This schema can then be used to process narratives which were previously beyond the system's capabilities. The thesis also discusses GENESIS' ability to learn meanings for words related to its learned schemata and reviews several recent psychological experiments which demonstrate that GENESIS can be productively interpreted as a cognitive model of certain types of human learning.
Immediate early gene activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein regulates estradiol-induced lordosis behavior in female rats

Sensory feedback is an important component of any behavior, with each instance influencing subsequent activity. Female sexual receptivity is mediated both by the steroid hormone milieu and interaction with the male. We tested the influence of repeated mating on the level of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol benzoate (EB) once every fourth day to mimic the normal phasic changes of circulating estradiol. Females were divided into two groups: naive, which were tested for lordosis behavior once, and experienced rats, which were tested for lordosis after each EB injection. To monitor the effect of mating, the number of neurons expressing the immediate early gene activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) were counted in the mediobasal hypothalamus. Females were unreceptive following the first EB treatment, but the mating induced Arc expression. In naive rats, each subsequent EB injection increased the levels of sexual receptivity. This ramping was not observed in experienced rats, which achieved only a moderate level of sexual receptivity. However, experienced females treated with EB and progesterone were maximally receptive and did not have Arc expression. To test whether the expression of Arc attenuated lordosis, Arc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (asODN) were microinjected into experienced females' arcuate nuclei. Arc expression was attenuated, and the experienced EB-treated females achieved maximal sexual receptivity. These results demonstrate that Arc expression in the hypothalamus might influence future sexual receptivity and provides evidence of learning in the arcuate nucleus. The loss of Arc results in unrestrained sexual receptivity.
Baby Universes and The Cosmological Constant Problem

The uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics says that we can’t measure a dynamical variable and its time derivative to arbitrary precision at the same moment of time. In general relativity, the spacetime metric, which measures distances, is itself the dynamical variable. This strongly suggests that whenever we do figure out how quantum mechanics and general relativity are to be put together, that the metric itself should be subject to an uncertainty principle. Dimensional analysis tells us that the length scale at which we should expect to find the metric fluctuating is some very, very short length scale: $$\sqrt {{{\hbar G} \over {{c^3}}}} = 1.6 \times {10^{ - 33}}cm$$
Mapping Yoruba Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities

Mapping Yoruba Networks: Power and Agency in the Making of Transnational Communities. Kamari Maxine Clarke. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004. 345 pp.
The Light, the Heavy and the Superheavy --- a Nonabelian Flavor Symmetry for the Full Hierarchy

We give a preliminary report of a new quark mass matrix model basing on a $SU(5)\otimes SU(5)\otimes Q_{12}$ symmetry embedding into a fully gauged $SU(5)\otimes SU(5)\otimes SU(2)$.~\cite{fk} The two $SU(5)$'s contain the standard SUSY $SU(5)$ as a diagonal subgroup, while the $Q_{12}$ or $SU(2)$ is horizontal. Starting by assuming a judiciously-chosen set of chiral supermultiplets, and a pattern of spontaneous symmetry breaking, we obtain the low-energy chiral fermions together with a spectrum of superheavy fermions at two different scales. The latter mediate Froggatt-Nielsen tree graphs that give rise to a phenomenologically viable effective quark mass matrix texture. The model is the first example of a nontrivial combination of supersymmetry without R-parity, gauged nonabelian horizontal symmetry and unification/anti-unification. It is expected to have some very interesting features in SUSY-GUT phenomenology.
The WALKABOUT: Using virtual environments to assess large-scale spatial abilities

Computer-simulated virtual environments (VEs) offer promise for assessing people's spatial abilities in large real-world environments. This paper introduces the WALKABOUT, a VE-based test that simulates navigation through large spaces. Participants' ability to form an accurate mental representation of a familiar large-scale environment correlated nearly as highly with their performance on the WALKABOUT as it did with their self-reported sense of direction. Performance on two subscales of the test further indicated that the ability to account for changing egocentric relationships as a result of self-movement and the ability to recognize a novel perspective on an environment are both significantly related to spatial ability at the environmental scale.
Minus Sense Transcripts of Brome Mosaic Virus RNA-3 Intercistronic Region Interfere with Viral Replication

Abstract Interference with virus replication through the use of defective viral sequences is providing new insight to replication strategies and novel approaches for induced resistance. Because replication of brome mosaic virus (BMV) is potentiated by the intercistronic region of RNA-3, we examined the effect of adding various (-)sense RNAs corresponding to this region in cotransfections with wild type BMV RNAs. Progeny accumulation in barley protoplasts transfected with RNAs 1 + 2 was decreased by 90% in the presence of (-)RNA-3 Δ Hin dIII, the longest (-)sense transcript tested, and by 85% when RNA-3 was also present. This trans interference was concentration dependent, and the use of deletion derivatives of (-)RNA-3 Δ Hin dIII revealed that previously identified regulatory sequences within the intercistronic region were responsible for the observed interference. These deletion mutants were found to be of differing stabilities and several served as effective substrates for host-encoded polymerase to yield complementary (+)strands. Indeed, it is possible that the copying of viral RNA by the host polymerase serves as a hybrid arrest mechanism for discriminating against viral RNA functions. However, neither the ability of these sequences to serve as templates for host polymerase nor their (+)strand products contributed to the interference phenomenon, which may provide a new approach for engineering resistance to viral infection.
A new paradigm for ranking pages on the world wide web

This paper describes a new paradigm for modeling traffic levels on the world wide web (WWW) using a method of entropy maximization. This traffic is subject to the conservation conditions of a circulation flow in the entire WWW, an aggregation of the WWW, or a subgraph of the WWW (such as an intranet or extranet). We specifically apply the primal and dual solutions of this model to the (static) ranking of web sites. The first of these uses an imputed measure of total traffic through a web page, the second provides an analogy of local "temperature", allowing us to quantify the "HOTness" of a page.
Synthesis of 5-deoxy-D-xylulose-1-phosphate by human erythrocytes.

Abstract Human erythrocytes synthesize 5-deoxy-D-xylulose-1-phosphate from added acetaldehyde and endogenous dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Acetaldehyde is not only a substrate for the reaction but also undergoes oxidation, causing reversal of glycolysis and thus accumulation of the product.
Small inertial measurement units: sources of error and limitations on accuracy

Limits on the precision of small accelerometers for inertial measurement units are enumerated and discussed. Scaling laws and errors which affect the precision are discussed in terms of tradeoffs between size, sensitivity, and cost. Thermal noise and displacement transducer sensitivity constrain the size of an accelerometer for a given sensitivity, and error correction for inertial navigation leads to a tradeoff between cost and precision. Emphasis is placed on micromachined silicon accelerometers as a potential technology for manufacturing low cost, precision sensors, and sample calculations are given to illustrate the principles.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of entomopathogenic nematode species, split application and potting medium on the control of the fungus gnat, Bradysia difformis (Diptera: Sciaridae), in the greenhouse at alternating cold and warm temperatures

Abstract Temperature is a major limiting factor in the success of entomopathogenic nematodes as biological pest control agents in the greenhouses. We compared the effectiveness of the cold-adapted Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis marelatus with an intermediate-adapted S. carpocapsae and warm-adapted H. bacteriophora , H. indica and H. zealandica strains at 20/28 ± 1 °C (night/day) against the fungus gnat, Bradysia difformis , infesting poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima ) in the greenhouse. Nematodes were applied either at the recommended rate of 1.25 × 10 5 infective juveniles/m 2 in a single application or 2.5 × 10 5 infective juveniles/m 2 in four split applications. The efficacy of nematodes against fungus gnats differed with potting medium (Nursery-mix or Pro-mix) and species. In the Nursery-mix, a single application of H. bacteriophora significantly reduced fungus gnat emergence relative to the control throughout the experimental period of 63 days but S. feltiae reduced fungus gnats only up to 7 days after treatment (DAT). H. indica significantly reduced fungus gnat emergence compared to the control at 3, 7, 28, 49 and 63 DAT. In the Pro-mix, a single application of H. indica significantly reduced fungus gnat emergence compared to the control from 14 up to 63 DAT whereas H. marelatus and H. zealandica were effective against fungus gnats only up to 3 DAT. In the growth chamber at 20 ± 1 °C (nighttime) and 28 ± 1 °C (daytime), a single application of H. indica also showed a similar trend against fungus gnat population throughout the experimental period but the differences were statistically insignificant. When applied in four split applications (each containing 0.625 × 10 9 infective juveniles/ha) in the Pro-mix, only H. bacteriophora and H. indica significantly reduced fungus gnat emergence compared to S. feltiae and the control. We conclude that only H . bacteriophora (52%) and H. indica (54%) performed better than S. feltiae (38%) against fungus gnats at temperatures above 25 °C and the split application produced no advantage over a single application.
A linear algebraic view of partition regular matrices

Abstract Rado showed that a rational matrix is partition regular over N if and only if it satisfies the columns condition. We investigate linear algebraic properties of the columns condition, especially for oriented (vertex-arc) incidence matrices of directed graphs and for sign pattern matrices. It is established that the oriented incidence matrix of a directed graph Γ has the columns condition if and only if Γ is strongly connected, and in this case an algorithm is presented to find a partition of the columns of the oriented incidence matrix with the maximum number of cells. It is shown that a sign pattern matrix allows the columns condition if and only if each row is either all zeros or the row has both a + and −.
The rapid plasma reagin test cannot replace the venereal disease research laboratory test for neurosyphilis diagnosis

Background The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test is a mainstay for neurosyphilis diagnosis, but it lacks diagnostic sensitivity and is logistically complicated. The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is easier to perform, but its appropriateness for use on CSF is controversial. Methods RPR reactivity was determined for CSF from 149 individuals with syphilis using 2 methods. The CSF-RPR was performed according to the method for serum. The CSF-RPR-V was performed using the method recommended for the CSF-VDRL. Laboratory-defined neurosyphilis included reactive CSF-fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test and CSF white blood cells >20/uL. Symptomatic neurosyphilis was defined as vision loss or hearing loss. Results CSF-VDRL was reactive in 45 (30.2%) patients. Of these, 29 (64.4%) were CSF-RPR reactive and 37 (82.2%) were CSF-RPR-V reactive. There were no instances where the CSF-VDRL was nonreactive but the CSF-RPR or CSF-RPR-V was reactive. Among the 28 samples that were reactive in all 3 tests, CSF-VDRL titers (median [IQR], 1:4 [1:4-1:16]) were significantly higher than CSF-RPR (1:2 [1:1-1:4], P = 0.0002) and CSF-RPR-V titers (1:4 [1:2-1:8], P = 0.01). The CSF RPR and the CSF-RPR-V tests had lower sensitivities than the CSF-VDRL: 56.4% and 59.0% versus 71.8% for laboratory-diagnosed neurosyphilis and 51.5% and 57.6% versus 66.7% for symptomatic neurosyphilis. Conclusions Compared with the CSF-VDRL, the CSF-RPR has a high false-negative rate, thus not improving upon this known limitation of the CSF-VDRL for neurosyphilis diagnosis. Adapting the RPR procedure to mimic the CSF-VDRL decreased, but did not eliminate, the number of false negatives and did not avoid all the logistical complications of the CSF-VDRL.
Stents and sense.

In this issue of The Annals, covered expandable stents are offered for management of “tracheal granulation tissue” where tracheal resection is not possible [1]. We have recently been referred a number of patients with postintubation tracheal stenosis—characterized in earlier postulcerative stages by profuse granulation tissue— who were treated with expandable, uncovered stents. The inevitable followed. Granulations grow through the interstices of the stent incorporating the stent into the tracheal wall. The consequent obstruction becomes difficult to manage, even palliatively, with laser. It is often impossible to remove the offending stent bronchoscopically, and sometimes difficult even by open total linear tracheotomy. What is almost incomprehensible is that this outcome was not evident in advance to the surgeon.
Anisotropy of the resistivity in thea?b plane of a superconducting YBa2Cu3O7 ??single crystal

We have measured the in-plane longitudinal resistivitiesρa andρb as functions of temperature and magnetic field. The measurements were all made on the same detwinned single crystal of YBa2Cu3O7 −δ (YBCO). DefiningTc to be at the onset of resistance, it is the same forρa andρb in a magnetic field ranging from 0 to 3.5 T. In zero field,Tc = 93.4 K, so the oxygen doping of the crystal was approximately optimal. In the mixed state, the anisotropy ratio of the resistivities (ρa/ρb) decreases with decreasingT orH, and the chain conductivity (σb-σa) is smaller than the plane conductivity (σa). Bothσa andσb increase with decreasing temperature, and so does (σb-σa).
Computer architecture in U. S. and Canadian electrical engineering departments

This paper traces the history of computer architecture courses in U. S. electrical engineering departments. Data from the Fall 1972 survey of U. S. and Canadian electrical engineering departments by the COSINE Committee of the Commission on Education of the National Academy of Engineering are given to show current computer architecture course offerings and texts. Computer architecture courses offered in 1972-73 are analyzed, compared with ACM and COSINE recommendations, and classified into five categories: introductory computer engineering courses with a computer architecture flavor, software -oriented computer organization courses, hardware-oriented computer organization courses, case study courses, and topical seminars Future trends in computer architecture education are predicted.
Staff Perceptions and Barriers to ED Based HIV Testing in an Urban Academic ED.

In 2003, the CDC estimated that 1 million people in the USA were living with HIV/AIDS, and 25% were undiagnosed. For many such patients the ED may be the only contact with the health care system. We surveyed ED staff to evaluate attitudes and barriers towards ED based HIV testing. We found that in spite of recent CDC recommendations for HIV testing in high risk ED patients, there are still significant barriers to acceptance among ED health care providers.
Unravelling the threads of cosmic history

The Large-Scale Structure of the Universe. By P. J. E. Peebles. Pp.416. ISBN hbk 0-691-08239-1; ISBN pbk 0-691-08240-5. (Princeton University Press: 1981.) Hbk $30, £18.10; pbk $9.95, £6.20.
Numerical studies of new stellarator concepts

A three-dimensional computer code has been developed to study the magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium and stability of a diffuse or sharp boundary plasma in toroidal geometry. It is shown how equilibria with net toroidal current identically zero can be determined and how growth rates of instabilities can be calculated. Applications are made to an l = 2, 3 stellarator configuration that offers the possibility of achieving a critical value as high as 10% for the plasma parameter
Measurement of pectin methylation in plant cell walls

A procedure was developed to measure the degree of pectin methylation in small samples of isolated cell walls from nonlignified plant tissues or pectin solutions. Galacturonic acid was determined colorimetrically with the 3,5-dimethylphenol reagent. Methylation was measured by base hydrolysis of galacturonic acid methyl esters, followed by gas chromatographic determination of released methanol. Estimates of the precision of analysis of pectin and cell wall samples were made. The coefficient of variation for estimates of the pectin esterification in cell walls isolated from 10-g samples of cucumber tissue ranged from 7.7 to 13.2%.
The biology and therapeutic implications of fetal wound healing

Abstract Wound healing in the fetus is very different from wound healing in the adult. Fetal skin wounds heal without scar formation and are characterized by rapid re-epithelialization, a wound matrix rich in hyaluronic acid, and a pattern of wound collagen deposition that resembles unwounded skin. The mechanisms that regulate this highly organized repair process are unknown, but understanding these mechanisms may allow postnatal wound healing to be made more fetal-like.
Activity analysis in wildland management

The complexity of the production process and the importance of nonmarket or intangible inputs and outputs pose special problems in the allocation of wildlands resources. By restricting the production possibilities to a finite number of management alternatives, the land manager can use activity analysis to develop operational plans. The systematic use of constraints within the frame-work of activity analysis can bring a measure of analysis to the allocation of nonmarket resources. Ultimately, the manager must rely upon his intuition in selecting a particular plan-whether he selects one of the “efficient” bundles of outputs maximizing net revenues, or he assigns “values” to outputs and maximizes the social value of his activities. In either case, by formalizing the planning process, the manager can assess policy alternatives systematically and can widen his grasp of the potential of his resources.
Clinical Significance of Increased Lipase Levels on Admission to the ICU

Study objectives To examine the incidence, risk factors, and sequelae associated with asymptomatic hyperlipasemia in the ICU. Setting Medical and surgical ICUs. Patients Two hundred forty-five adult critically ill patients admitted to an ICU for > 72 h with a diagnosis other than pancreatitis were studied prospectively. Measurements Serum amylase and lipase were measured on ICU admission and every third day until normalized. Clinical parameters including the incidence of ileus, the ability to tolerate enteral feeds, and the results of radiologic studies were also recorded. Results Hyperlipasemia was present in 40% of patients (peak, 1,183 ± 175 U/L; range, 209 to 8,620 U/L) [mean ± SEM]. Increased multiple-organ dysfunction scores, hypotension, anemia, mechanical ventilation (MV), bacteremia, elevated liver function test results, and elevated creatinine and triglyceride levels were all associated with increased lipase levels. In multivariate analysis, hypotension, anemia, elevated serum bilirubin, and MV were independently associated with higher lipase levels. Although mortality was not different, ICU length of stay and the duration of MV were significantly greater in patients with increased lipase levels (p Conclusions Elevated serum lipase levels are frequently encountered in critically ill patients. In the majority of these patients, enteral feedings are well tolerated and there are minimal clinical sequelae. Extremely high lipase levels may be associated with radiologic evidence of pancreatitis. Hypoperfusion and inflammatory processes associated with multiple-organ failure appear to be contribute to these increases.
Lethocerus flight muscle paramyosin: antibody localization and electrophoretic studies.

Antibody specific for Limulus paramyosin stains the A bands of Lethocerus flight muscle sarcomeres. SDS-polyacrylamide gels of both Limulus telson and Lethocerus flight myofibrillar preparations show bands with mobility similar to that of purified Limulus paramyosin.
Fast computer graphics techniques for calculating direct solar radiation on complex building surfaces

Direct solar radiation has a major influence on a building's thermal behaviour. Current simulation engines are not up to the challenge of accurately modelling solar gains for buildings with complex or curved geometry and buildings sited in dense urban areas. Accurate thermal performance prediction for buildings in early stages of design is hindered by excessive computation time and incompatibility between architectural models and building energy simulation software. This paper proposes using a combination of modern computer graphics rendering techniques and parametric B-spline interpolation methods to quickly and accurately calculate solar gains over a full year based on sparse data with a continuous interpolation method. These new procedures accommodate complex building geometries and intricate shadow patterns and can accelerate shading calculations by several orders of magnitude. Faster calculations allow studies to be made at the early stages of design when modifications can have the greatest impact on...
Surface Defect Characterization in Oxygen-Dosed Nickel Surfaces and in NiO Thin Films by CO Adsorption−Desorption Experiments

Oxygen-covered Ni(110) as well as thin NiO films grown by oxidation of that surface were characterized under ultrahigh vacuum by using low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), X-ray photoelectron (XPS), Auger (AES), and ion scattering (ISS) spectroscopies together with CO temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) titrations. Results from NiO(100) films with surface defects induced via Ar+ ion irradiation at room temperature were compared with those from partially oxidized ordered Ni(110) surfaces. CO TPD proved to be a useful local probe for the investigation of defective NiO surfaces, since its adsorption energy varies by over 20 kcal/mol in going from a metallic Ni(110) clean surface to NiO. The CO-probing experiments also revealed that Ar+ bombardment of thin NiO films leads to the formation of Ni−O phases similar to those found during the early oxidation stages of the Ni metal surface.
A proton magnetic resonance investigation of biphenyl

The proton magnetic resonance spectrum of biphenyl has been observed in dilute solution with d-chloroform and tetramethylsilane as the solvents. Theoretical analyses of these spectra were carried out with the aid of additional data provided by several deuterated biphenyls. A limited amount of data was also obtained for p-terphenyl and fluorene to assist in the interpretation. Estimates of the additional anisotropy contributions at each position from the second ring were calculated as a function of the dihedral angle of biphenyl. The results obtained are interpreted assuming a freely rotating model with weak interaction between phenyl rings.
The magnetohydrodynamic squeeze film

Abstract : Magnetohydrodynamic squeeze films are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The theory of magnetohydrodynamic lubrication as applied to squeeze films is extended to include fluid-inertia effects and buoyant forces. Excellent agreement is obtained between theory and experiment. (Author)
Parental perceptions of child vulnerability in parents of children with Kawasaki Disease

Abstracts ingediend voor het Amsterdam Kindersymposium 2013 Parental perceptions of child vulnerability in parents of children with Kawasaki Disease Hedy A. van Oers MSc (1), Carline E. Tacke MD (2), Lotte Haverman MSc (1), Heleen Maurice-Stam PhD (1), Taco W. Kuijpers MD PhD (2), Martha A. Grootenhuis PhD (1) (1) Psychosocial Department, Emma Children’s Hospital, AMC.(2) Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Rheumatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, AMC. INTRODUCTION Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that predominant-ly aﬀ ects children <5 years. 25% of untreated patients develops coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). Studies evaluating the long-term impact of the acute KD episode are scarce. The aim of this abstract is to evaluate parental perceptions of child vulnerability (PPCV) in parents of children with a history of KD. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in parents (82% mothers) of 288 KD patients (mean 8.6 years). PPCV was assessed using the Child Vulnerability Scale (CVS). PPCV scores of KD parents were compared to parents of healthy and chronically ill children (Chi2). PPCV scores of parents of KD patients with and without CAA were compared (Chi2) and the correlation between PPCV and time since KD onset was calculated (Spearman’s rho).
Supplier Partnerships in Manufacturing Versus Non‐Manufacturing Firms

While the concept of partnerships has received much attention in the literature, the focus has primarily been on the manufacturing firm. This paper explores the similarities and differences in partnerships from the perspectives of manufacturing and non‐manufacturing firms. Findings indicate that non‐manufacturing firms have had longer relationships with their partners than manufacturing firms. In addition, non‐manufacturing firms considered a reduction of procurement and administrative costs, in addition to price and reliability, as important reasons to enter partnerships, while manufacturing firms emphasized the price, quality, and delivery of products.
Changes in incarcerated adolescents’ human immunodeficiency virus knowledge and selected behaviors from 1988 to 1996

Data were collected from juveniles in Alabama and Florida correctional facilities. The samples were closely demographically matched. Analysis indicated significant increases in knowledge about human immunodeficiency virus between 1988 and 1996 and increased sexual risk behaviors. Knowledge levels were lower for ethnic minority groups and boys, suggesting ethnic- and gender-specific pedagogical aids are needed.
A cocaine-sensitive Drosophila serotonin transporter: cloning, expression, and electrophysiological characterization.

Abstract A cocaine-sensitive, high-affinity Drosophila serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT) transporter cDNA, denoted dSERT1, was isolated and characterized in oocytes. dSERT1 shows little transport of other monoamines and is Na+ and Cl- dependent. Sequence analysis indicates 12 putative transmembrane domains and strong homologies (approximately 50%) among dSERT1 and mammalian 5HT, norepinephrine, and dopamine transporters. Interestingly, the pharmacological properties of dSERT1, including sensitivity to antidepressants, are more similar to those of mammalian catecholamine transporters than to mammalian 5HT transporters. Two-electrode voltage-clamp analysis demonstrated 5HT-induced, voltage-dependent currents. Cloning and characterization of dSERT1 adds significantly to our knowledge of the diversity of 5HT transporters with regard to primary sequence, pharmacological profile, and permeation properties.
Spatial Factors Influencing Winter Primary Particle Sampling and Interpretation.

Aerosol samplers collect material that is locally generated as well as that transported from upwind; knowing the extent of the area from which the sample is drawn is necessary for proper interpretation of sampler data. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PM2.5 monitoring guidelines recognize a conceptual hierarchy of sampler spatial representation, but provide no objective measures of a site's spatial representativeness. A case study of a sampler tributary area in central California provides insights into the factors that determine a sampler's spatial representation. Winter diurnal cycles of fine particle concentrations at places of habitation ranging from urban cores to small farm towns show a marked cycle that can be linked to local human activity. Assessment of the possible causes of the observed cycles leads to the hypothesis that local sources dominate primary particle mass in winter samples. The hypothesis was tested using a simple model to relate routine 24-hr PM10 and PM2.5 samples to a sampler's surroundings. Model results indicate that even minor sources very close to a sampler will overwhelm any regional component in a sample. The results for the cases studied also demonstrate that, in winter, most coarse (PM10-2.5) particles collected are less than 2 hr old, and most primary fine (PM2.5) particles are less than 4 hr old. Even on days that are not truly "stagnant," samplers are very strongly influenced by their immediate surroundings (distances less than 10 km), and only weakly influenced by regional emissions. The implications for interpretation of sample analyses are as follows: 1. Typical PM sampling networks are unlikely to represent regional conditions; 2. Similarity of samples in time and space between widely separated samplers probably arises from sampling analogous local environments rather than a uniformly mixed regional air mass; 3. Even weak sources near a sampler will prevent regionally representative samples, so that "background" specification in models can be strongly skewed by misapplication of sampler data; 4. Source-receptor relationships within a single modeling grid cell can cause measured and modeled source impacts at a sampler to diverge by orders of magnitude, even for grid cells as small as 1 km; and 5. Differential deposition of coarse and fine particles will skew source apportionment by chemical tracers unless the tracers and the source emissions have the same size distribution.
Parallel Simulations of Dynamic Earthquake Rupture along Geometrically Complex Faults on CMP Systems

Chip multiprocessors (CMP) are widely used for high performance computing and are being configured in a hierarchical manner to compose a CMP compute node in a CMP system. Such a CMP system provides a natural programming paradigm for hybrid MPI/OpenMP applications. In this paper, we use OpenMP to parallelize a sequential earthquake simulation code for modeling spontaneous earthquake rupture along geometrically complex faults on two CMP systems, IBM POWER5+ system and SUN Opteron server. The experimental results indicate that the OpenMP implementation has the accurate output results and the good scalability on the two CMP systems. We apply the optimization techniques such as large page and processor binding to the OpenMP implementation to achieve up to 7.05% performance improvement on the CMP systems without any code modification. Further, we illustrate an element-based partitioning scheme for explicit finite element methods. Based on the partitioning scheme and what we learn from the OpenMP implementation, we discuss how efficiently to use hybrid MPI/OpenMP to parallelize the sequential earthquake rupture simulation code in order to not only achieve multiple levels of parallelism of the code but also to reduce the communication overhead of MPI within a CMP node by taking advantage of the shared address space and on-chip high inter-core
A method to compute in asymptotically flat, static, spherically symmetric spacetimes.

A method is presented which allows for the computation of $〈{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}〉$ for scalar fields at zero and nonzero temperatures in asymptotically flat, static, spherically symmetric spacetimes. If a spacetime has event horizons, the method works in the region exterior to the outermost event horizon. The method is used to compute $〈{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{2}〉$ for massless and massive scalar fields in Reissner-Nordstr\"om and extreme Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetimes.
Range Applications of Laser Systems

The first laser was announced about four years ago. Since then, many of us have watched the progress of laser tech-nology with particular interest in the applications in which this new device might prove itself either superior to pre-sent devices or, hopefully, able to perform new tasks. Out of this continuing exami-nation will come the new applications which will establish the laser as a useful tool for the scientist and the engineer.
Time resolution measurements with an improved discriminator and conical scintillators

Abstract A new constant fraction discriminator with improved stability and walk characteristics is described. The discriminator was used with RCA C C31024 photomultiplier tubes to test scintillators of concial and cylindrical shapes. Conical scintillators of 2.54 cm base diameter, 1.0 cm top diameter, and 2.54 cm height gav a fwhm of 155 ps for 60Co gamma rays; larger conical scintillators gave an improvement of 10–15% in fwhm over cylindrical scintillators of equal volume.
Reintegrative Shaming and Juvenile Delinquency in Japan

The Japanese juvenile justice system has been widely regarded as operating based on the principles of reintegrative shaming. Reintegrative shaming, as opposed to a stigmatizing form of shaming, communicates disapproval of wrongdoing with respect, and emphasizes rehabilitation, reintegration, and restoration. Central to reintegrative shaming at the initial contact point of the criminal justice system in Japan are apology and diversion by the local police. Citing juvenile delinquency cases reported in a major national newspaper in Japan, this study analyzes to what extent the community reacted to the delinquency upon its commission. This analysis helps clarify the juvenile justice process in Japan, and sheds light on the theory and practice of reintegrative shaming.
Genetic basis of congenital heart disease.

Purpose of review Although the care of infants and children with congenital heart defects has been revolutionized over the past 50 years, their underlying causes have been obscure. Recent progress, accelerated through the Human Genome Project, has resulted in the rapid identification of disease genes causing congenital heart defects. Recent findings In this review, progress in identifying new congenital heart defect genes for specific lesions and in understanding their disease pathogenesis in the past year are detailed. Specifically, genes relevant for atrial and atrioventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve, and coarctation of the aorta as well as pulmonary valvar and branch stenosis are reviewed. Summary The information in this review provides insights into the state-of-the-art knowledge about the molecular genetic causes of congenital heart defects. It suggests that DNA testing may become standard for many forms of congenital heart defects, improving clinicians' ability to anticipate complications for their patients and predict recurrence risk for families of children with congenital heart defects.
Molecular ablation of ventricular tachycardia after myocardial infarction

Ventricular tachycardia is a common and lethal complication after myocardial infarction. Here we show that focal transfer of a gene encoding a dominant-negative version of the KCNH2 potassium channel (KCNH2-G628S) to the infarct scar border eliminated all ventricular arrhythmias in a porcine model. No proarrhythmia or other negative effects were discernable. Our results demonstrate the potential viability of gene therapy for ablation of ventricular arrhythmias.
Community Service Provision by Political Associations Representing Minorities in the Middle East and North Africa

What factors make it more likely that political associations will engage in community service provision? This article examines the service provision activities of minority-identified political associations in the Middle East prior to the Arab Spring, giving an important view of associational activity during the period leading up to substantial political change in the region. Drawing from two distinct bodies of literature—on nonprofit organizations and on political violence—the paper analyzes organizational level data for more than 100 minority-identified, politically oriented voluntary associations in the Middle East and North Africa during the period from 1980 to 2004. We find that the likelihood of political associations also providing community services aligns more closely to variables found in the political violence literature than the literature on nonprofit organizations, making an important case for more cross-disciplinary analysis when examining associational life in the Middle East and North Africa.
FEAR OF CRIME, COMMUNITY SATISFACTION AND SELF-PROTECTIVE MEASURES: PERCEPTIONS FROM A MIDWESTERN CITY

ABSTRACT In the present paper, an examination is done of fear of crime and its relation to various measures of community satisfaction and self-protective measures. The two main aspects of the analysis are: (1) a bivariate treatment of many key hypothesized consequences of fear of crime previously examined in the research literature; and (2) a multivariate analysis of the combination of community satisfaction and self-protective measures with various levels of fear of crime. The data examined were drawn from a telephone survey of a probability sample of medium-sized midwestern city's residents.
Distribution of dopa-oxidase isozymes among mosquito vectors of viral encephalitis

Abstract Distribution of DOPA-oxidase isozymes in larval Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and their hybrids was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis. 1. 1. Three zones of enzyme activity were detected in the subspecific and hybrid populations. Zone I was cathodic whereas Zones II and III were anodic. 2. 2. Electrophoretic variability was evident only in Zone II which was dimorphic for enzyme activity. Zones I and III were monomorphic. 3. 3. The subspecific and hybrid populations were distinguishable from one another only in Zone II. 4. 4. In all three populations, melanization was most intense in Zone II, less in Zone I, and least in Zone III.