cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hypercalcemia associated with osseous metastases

HYPERCALCEMIA (serum calcium > 15 mg/dl) is often associated with malignancy, and because of its untoward cardiovascular, neurologic, and renal effects, generally requires immediate therapy. Although the recommended initial therapy for hypercalcemia in children is expansion of the extracellular fluid compartment with intravenous sodium chloride and diuresis with furosemide, ~ the efficacy of this regimen has been studied primarily in adults.'-" :4 Attempts to increase urinary calcium excretion by this method are not only dangerous, owing to the large volume of fluid required, but also may be ineffective in patients whose hypercalcemia is the result of bone resorption from osseous metastases? '-' We report the cases of two children with hypercalcemia associated with lymphoma and bone metastases who failed to respond to extensive diuresis with intravenous sodium chloride infusions and furosemide. In each child, mithramycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic, was successful in lowering the concentration of serum calcium. We are unable to find previous reports using mithramycin to treat hypercalcemia in children.
011 Computation tools in the service of cryomedicine

Cryosurgery practices have evolved over the years in close relationship with concurrent technology developments. Well recognized milestones along the path of development are the beginning of commercial production of liquefied gases at the beginning of the 20th century—leading to the widespread of cryosurgery as a medical treatment, the development of the cryostat by Cooper and Lee in the early 1960s—leading to the dramatic development of cryosurgery as an invasive procedure, and advances in medical imaging—leading to the expansion of cryosurgery as a multi-cryoprobe and minimally invasive procedure in the 1990s. The new minimally invasive procedure has presented additional technical challenges associated with visualization of the process, correlating medical imaging with the thermal history, optimizing the geometry and the cooling capability of each cryoprobe, and optimizing the total number of cryoprobes and their layout. Recent developments in computer hardware and computation techniques are now defining the next milestone in the evolution of cryosurgery. The current presentation focuses on recent developments in computation tools for purposes of training, planning, and monitoring of the cryoprocedure. This presentation reviews the key building blocks of computation in the service of cryosurgery, including geometric modelling of the target region, integration of clinical data on the progression of the disease, bioheat transfer simulation techniques, optimization methods for cryosurgery planning, incorporation of real-time temperature data, and integration of the thermal field with medical imaging. Examples are drawn from prostate cryosurgery, which has been extensively studied over the years. In conclusion, this presentation provides a broader view on the role of computation tools in the service of cryosurgery, while discussing directions for future developments. Source of funding: This study was supported by Award Number R01CA134261 from the National Cancer Institute. Conflict of interest: None declared. rabin@cmu.edu
A comprehensive approach to developmental education

Community colleges can strengthen their ability to provide academic support to both developmental and college-level students by offering traditional remedial programs with a complementary, centralized unit of student success and retention services.
Improvements in the technique of spinal subarachnoid recirculatory perfusion.

With /sup 14/C-labeled dextran as the tracer, studies of the original configuration of spinal recirculatory perfusion and the original model for data analysis demonstrated that this approach does not yield acceptable accuracy in determining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation (Fcsf) and absorption (Acsf) rates. A significant component of this error was due to the fact that the method of data analysis used originally is not based on a realistic mathematical model of the system. A more realistic mathematical model resulted in two simultaneous differential equations that did not have simple analytical solutions and, therefore, could not be used easily for data analysis. By computer simulation, a comparison of the more realistic model with the original model demonstrated that, under ideal conditions, there was a 10% error inherent in the original data analysis method. A new system configuration and new data analysis methods have been developed. In the new system, the syringe is removed from the external circuit and intracranial pressure is controlled by infusion from a separate reservoir where the pressure head is maintained at any desired level by feedback control. Spectrophotometry is used to measure tracer concentration in the external circuit. Data collection and analysis are fully automated under computermore » control so that, during an experimental run, the investigators are updated at 1- to 2-second intervals as to the convergence of the data analysis routine. All of the data during the initial period of nonhomogeneous mixing are used to calculate Fcsf and Acsf. With the new system and a simple phantom of the CSF system, the mean error in finding Acsf was 1.7 +/- 1.2% for 27 determinations covering a wide range of absorption rates. Fcsf could be determined to within 0.001 ml/minute. In up to six sequential pressure plateaus, the magnitude of error did not increase with each subsequent run.« less
H-2 histocompatibility region: influence on the murine glucocorticoid receptor and its response

The influence of the H-2 histocompatibility complex on glucocorticoid receptor levels, and the biochemical response of glucocorticoid action measured as the degree of inhibition of prostaglandin production, has been studied in the mouse thymus and lung. The B10A (H-2a) strain of mice has significantly higher glucocorticoid receptor levels and a significantly greater biochemical response to glucocorticoid than the B10 (H-2b) strain, which differs from B10A within the H-2 complex only. Thus, the anti-inflammatory hormone response of glucocorticoids is correlated to hormone receptor level, both of which are influenced by the H-2 locus.
Synthesis of Cα methylated carboxylic acids: isosteres of arginine and lysine for use as N-terminal capping residues in polypeptides

Abstract Replacement of the N-terminal α-amine with the isosteric methyl functionality in bioactive peptides can influence various pharmacokinetic parameters, including hydrophobicity and stability. C α methylated amino acid analogues are thus of great interest to expand the repertoire of nonnatural synthons available as N-terminal ‘capping’ residues for peptide-based drug design. Several novel arginine and lysine analogues stereoselectively modified in the C α position with a methyl group in place of the α-amine were prepared.
Two Parasites of the Green Lacewing Chrysopa chi Fitch (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae): One Species Known and One Species Unidentified

Abstract. One insect species parasitizing adults of the green lacewing Chrysopa chi Fitch and the cocoon of a second species were encountered in western Michigan. Adult females of the ectoparasitic ceratopogonid midge Forcipomyia eques (Johannsen) were found attached to the forewings of two adult hosts but the cocoon of the endoparasitic species remains unidentified. It appears to be the work of a new species or a described species not yet known to parasitize chrysopids because the cocoon is different from the only such specimen known for the euphorine braconid Chrysopophthorus americanus Mason, the only U.S. insect suspected as an internal parasite of adult chrysopids. The braconid is rarely encountered but known from Arizona and presumably occurs in other southwestern states where the solution to the identity problem might be found.
Sensitivity of the thermohaline circulation to increased CO2and lowered topography

[1] We use an asynchronously coupled atmosphere-ocean model to examine the response of the oceanic thermohaline circulation (THC) to increased atmospheric CO2 and lowered topography. In Experiment “3CO2”, CO2 was tripled relative to modern with no accompanying reductions in topography. In Experiment “LT3CO2”, CO2 was also tripled, in combination with lowered topography (“LT”), with elevation reductions for all major mountain ranges and ice sheets to approximate paleoclimatic conditions prior to recent major uplift and CO2 draw down (before 10 Ma). Although the THC changes from the control simulation by at least 25% in both experiments, the THC weakens with higher CO2 alone but strengthens with higher CO2 and lowered topography. The stronger THC in LT3CO2 is caused by the removal of the Tibetan Plateau and the Greenland Ice Sheet. Lowering these features alters the atmospheric circulation to promote Arctic air flow over the convective North Atlantic, thereby destabilizing the upper ocean.
CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION OF TIN FROM TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMIDO)TITANIUM AND AMMONIA : KINETICS AND MECHANISTIC STUDIES OF THE GAS-PHASE CHEMISTRY

The gas-phase kinetics of the reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium (Ti(NMe2)4) with NH3 have been measured using a flow tube reactor and FTIR spectrometer. Ti(NMe2)4 reacts rapidly with NH3 in a transamination reaction to form HNMe2 as a direct product. The bimolecular rate constant for the reaction of Ti(NMe2)4 with NH3 at 24 °C is k = (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10-16 cm3 molecules-1 s-1. A primary kinetic isotope effect of kH/kD = 2.6 ± 0.4 is observed with ND3 indicating that cleavage of an N−H bond is the rate limiting step. Therefore the rate constant is assigned to the initial transamination reaction with NH3. The temperature dependence of the rate constant gives activation parameters of log(&#x1d49c;) = −10.0 ± 0.2 (ΔS† = −19 cal/(mol K)) and Ea = 8.1 ± 0.1 kcal/mol (ΔH† = 6.9 ± 0.1 kcal/mol). When excess HNMe2 is added to the gas flow, the reaction rate is strongly suppressed. This is evidence for a reversible initial transamination reaction: Ti(NMe2)4 + NH3 ⇄ (Me2N)3Ti−NH2 + HNMe2. The proposed mechanism for ...
The use of graphic symbols in infancy: how early can we start?

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate if infants at three developmental ages could respond using graphic symbols during a choice‐making task. An alternating treatment design was used to illustrate infants’ response when presented with two types of graphic symbols. A total of nine items were presented to each infant and were randomly selected from suggestions provided by caregivers. No significant difference between the two graphic symbols was found. Results indicated consistency of preferred graphic symbol selection across infants in each of the three age groups. Differences among patterns of communicative behaviours across age groups were observed.
Simulation of flow field of a ventilated and occupied animal space with different inlet and outlet conditions

Abstract Simulation of flow field of a ventilated space of a biological object is necessary to determine heat exchange between the object and its environment. In this paper, flow fields of a ventilated space occupied by twenty randomly placed virtual cows are characterized under four different inlet and outlet situations. A three-dimensional turbulence model is used to characterize the flow field. The four inlet and outlet cases are: (1) ceiling-baffle inlet with airflow parallel to the wall with the outlet fan located at the center of the opposite wall, (2) wall-baffle inlet with airflow parallel to the ceiling with the outlet fan located at the center of the opposite wall, (3) the same as in Case 2 but with two inlets and outlets, in which one inlet and one outlet is located in each sidewall, and (4) center-ceiling baffle inlet and an outlet fan located at the center of each sidewall. There is significant variation in the uniformity of the flow field between the four air inlet/outlet locations. Air distribution is more uniform when air enters parallel to the ceiling from two sidewall inlets and exits through two sidewall outlets. The distribution is less uniform when air enters parallel to the ceiling from one sidewall only. Variations in sensible and evaporative heat fluxes are significant between cow locations for the same air inlet/outlet configuration, and for the same cow under the different air inlet/outlet configurations considered.
Bilingual speech: Bilateral control?

Abstract Forty bilinguals from several language backgrounds were contrasted to a group of English-speaking monolinguals on a verbal-manual interference paradigm. For the monolinguals, concurrent finger-tapping rate during speech output tasks was disrupted only for the right hand, indicating left-hemisphere language dominance. Bilingual laterality patterns were a function of language used: native (L1) versus second acquired (L2), and age of L2 acquisition. Early bilinguals (L1 + L2 acquisition prior to age 6) revealed left-hemisphere dominance for both languages, whereas late bilinguals (L2 acquired beyond age 6) revealed left-hemisphere dominance only for L1 and symmetrical hemispheric involvement for L2.
Topology and geometry of single hidden layer network, least squares weight solutions

In this paper the topological and geometric properties of the weight solutions for multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks under the MSE error criterion are characterized. The characterization is obtained by analyzing a homotopy from linear to nonlinear networks in which the hidden node function is slowly transformed from a linear to the final sigmoidal nonlinearity. Two different geometric perspectives for this optimization process are developed. The generic topology of the nonlinear MLP weight solutions is described and related to the geometric interpretations, error surfaces, and homotopy paths, both analytically and using carefully constructed examples. These results illustrate that although the natural homotopy provides a practically valuable heuristic for training, it suffers from a number of theoretical and practical difficulties. The linear system is a bifurcation point of the homotopy equations, and solution paths are therefore generically discontinuous. Bifurcations and infinite solutions further occur for data sets that are not of measure zero. These results weaken the guarantees on global convergence and exhaustive behavior normally associated with homotopy methods. However, the analyses presented provide a clear understanding of the relationship between linear and nonlinear perceptron networks, and thus a firm foundation for development of more powerful training methods. The geometric perspectives and generic topological results describing the nature of the solutions are further generally applicable to network analysis and algorithm evaluation.
Endophilin A1 induces different membrane shapes using a conformational switch that is regulated by phosphorylation

Membrane remodeling is controlled by proteins that can promote the formation of highly curved spherical or cylindrical membranes. How a protein induces these different types of membrane curvature and how cells regulate this process is still unclear. Endophilin A1 is a protein involved in generating endocytotic necks and vesicles during synaptic endocytosis and can transform large vesicles into lipid tubes or small and highly curved vesicles in vitro. By using EM and electron paramagnetic resonance of endophilin A1, we find that tubes are formed by a close interaction with endophilin A1’s BIN/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain and deep insertion of its amphipathic helices. In contrast, vesicles are predominantly stabilized by the shallow insertion of the amphipathic helical wedges with the BAR domain removed from the membrane. By showing that the mechanism of membrane curvature induction is different for vesiculation and tubulation, these data also explain why previous studies arrived at different conclusions with respect to the importance of scaffolding and wedging in the membrane curvature generation of BAR proteins. The Parkinson disease-associated kinase LRRK2 phosphorylates S75 of endophilin A1, a position located in the acyl chain region on tubes and the aqueous environment on vesicles. We find that the phosphomimetic mutation S75D favors vesicle formation by inhibiting this conformational switch, acting to regulate endophilin A1-mediated curvature. As endophilin A1 is part of a protein superfamily, we expect these mechanisms and their regulation by posttranslational modifications to be a general means for controlling different types of membrane curvature in a wide range of processes in vivo.
723-1 Selective Reduction of Heart Rate with the Sinus Node Inhibitor Zatebradine (ULFS 49) Does not Lead to the Expected Improvements in Exercise Duration in Patients with Angina Pectoris

Zatebradine is a novel compound blocking selectively the iF-channel in the sinus node, which is believed to be the pacemaker current. Its effect on heart rate is believed to be very selective, without any other effects on the myocardium. Since it is widely believed that the beneficial effects of betablockers are due to their heart rate reducing properties, selective reduction of heart rate without negative inotropy should result in prolongation of exercise duration and reduction in myocardial ischemia in patients with angina pectoris. To investigate this hypothesis we performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose ranging study with zatebradine. Patients (n-237) with reproducible exercise induced angina pectoris with evidence of myocardial ischemia ( ≥ 1mm ST-segment depressionI received either placebo, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5 mg zatebradine for 4 weeks. Symptom limited exercise tests were repeated at 3 and 12 hours post dose after 4 weeks of treatment. Change from Baseline Placebo Zatebradine 3 h pa 12 h pa 2.5 mg 5.0 mg 7.5 mg 3 h 12 h 3 h pa 12 h pa 3 h pa 12 h pa Total ETD (s) 30 30 33 25 42 28 50 38 Time 1 Min (s) 24 34 27 33 57 * 34 57 48 HR Rest (bpm) 1.8 0.5 -6.4 *** -6.2 *** -12.1 *** -8.0 *** -20.5 *** -13.7 *** HR Ex (bpm) 3.8 3.8 -5.9 *** -5.5 *** 10.9 *** -9.6 *** -19.2 *** -14.4 *** EXSBP (mmHg) -2.3 -04 6.4 ** 3.2 5.4 * 4.1 3.4 60 h = hours, p.a. = post administration,s = seconds. ETD = exercise test duration, HR = heart rate. EX = Exercise, SSP = Systolic Blood Pressure * p l 0.05 ** p l 0.01 *** p l 0.001 Conclusion Zatebradine is a powerful agent that reduces heart rate dosedependently over at least 12 hours. The observed heart rate reduction did not translate into the expected improvements of exercise performance or reduction of myocardial ischemia suggesting that the anti-ischemic effect of heart rate limitation should be reconsidered.
INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR BINDING PROTEIN 3 (IGFBP-3) CONCENTRATION IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) OF CHILDREN WITH BRAIN TUMORS OR LEUKEMIA

The major IGFBPs in CSF are IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-4. whereas IGFBP-3 is a minor component in CSF of healthy subjects. We investigated IGFBP-3 levels in CSF from patients with brain tumors, leukemia or meningitis. IGFBP-3 was measured by radioimmuno-assay with αIGFBP-3g I, a rabbit polyclonal antibody. Further, as proteolysis of IGFBP-3 is purt of the modulation of IGF activity IGFBP-3 fragmentation was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I]IGFBP-3 protease assays. We examined CSFs of 24 children with malignant brain tumors. 18 children with leukemia and 13 children with meningitis. CSFs of 38 children, who received a lumbal puncture in order to exclude meningitis, were used to define a normalative range for IGFBP-3 concentration and IGFBP-3 protease activity in normal CSF. Elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations were found in CSF of 17 of all 24 (71%) brain tumor patients and 7 of 8 (87%) brain tumor patients who had microscopically detectable malignant cells in CSF. 13 of 14 (93%) patients with medulloblastoma or ependymoma and all 7 medulloblasioma/ependymoma patients with malignant cells in CSF had elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations in CSF. IGFBP-3 protease activity in CSF was elevated in 15 of 17 (88%) patients with histological high grade (WIIO III°/IV°) brain tumors. 5 of 6 (83%) patients with acute leukemia and microscopically detectable malignant cells in CSF at the time of diagnosis showed elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations in CSF that normalized under chemotherapy. leukemia patients without any detectable malignant cells in the CSF had normal IGFBP-3 concentrations in CSF. We conclude that in CSF of children with high grade malignant brain tumors or CNS leukemia. IGFBP-3 is elevated. We hypothesize that this phenomenon could be caused by local production of IGFBP-3 by the brain tumor tissue and secretion into CSF or by local secretion of IGFBP-3 by malignant cells that spread into CSF. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that only 2 of 13 (15%) meningitis patients had slightly elevated IGFBP-3 concentrations in CSF while high numbers of non malignant inflammatory cells were present in all cases. Further studies will analyse the origin of elevated IGFBP-3 levels in CSF of tumor patients and will show whether these findings are of diagnostic or prognostic value.
Sexual adjudications and queer transpositions

Each of the articles included in this special issue of the Journal of Language and Sexuality asks us to imagine queer im/migration, asylum and sexual citizenship in multiple dimensions and to probe the discursive operations that establish the parameters of sexual subjectivity. This review article argues that these processes are illustrative of “sexual adjudication:” the discursive coordinates, legal logics and linguistic sensibilities that produce the category of the sexual migrant, the sexual refugee and the sexual asylum seeker. The discussions featured here engage questions of how sexual epistemics work in both sending and receiving countries, as well as the role of borders in constituting narratives of sexual subjectivity. In addition to analyzing the theoretical overlaps and reciprocal conversations between the articles included in the special issue, this essay provides a historical, comparative context by situating these discussions within larger theoretical and terminological questions regarding queer im/migration, asylum and subjectivity.
A search for interstellar neutral sodium at 17 centimeter wavelength

The 17 cm hyperfine transition of neutral atomic sodium has been searched for unsuccessfully in a wide variety of atomic and molecular interstellar clouds. The results show that atomic sodium is indeed depleted in dense molecular clouds, as expected. Analysis of the chemical and ionization equilibrium shows that sodium cannot be hiding in the form Na II. It is argued that sodium-bearing molecules are also unimportant. Therefore, it is concluded that sodium resides in grains, from which it cannot be returned to the gas phase in any form. 70 references.
Geothermal power production from abandoned oil wells

Abstract A simulation for the determination of geothermal power production from abandoned oil wells by injecting and retrieving a secondary fluid was performed. The analysis takes into consideration local geothermal gradients and typical well depths and pipe diameters. Isobutane is chosen as the secondary fluid, which is injected in the well at moderate pressures and allowed to heat up and produce vapor. The computational model that was developed takes into account mass, energy, and momentum conservation equations for the well flow, and the simulation helps determine the state of the fluid from injection to retrieval. It is observed that the operation of such systems attains a maximum power that depends on the temperature of the well bottom and the injection pressure. In general, 2–3 MW of electric power may be produced from wells that are typical in the South Texas region.
Why Coercion is Wrong When It's Wrong

It is usually thought that wrongful acts of threat-involving coercion are wrong because they involve a violation of the freedom or autonomy of the targets of those acts. I argue here that this cannot possibly be right, and that in fact the wrongness of wrongful coercion has nothing at all to do with the effect such actions have on their targets. This negative thesis is supported by pointing out that what we say about the ethics of threatening (and thus the ethics of coercion) constrains what we can say about the ethics of warning and offering. Importantly, our favoured explanation of the wrongness of certain kinds of threatening should not commit us to condemning as wrong parallel cases of warning and offering. My positive project is to show how this can be done. I defend the claim that wrongful coercion is nothing more than the issuing of a conditional threat to do wrong, and that an agent's issuing of a conditional threat to do wrong is wrong because it constitutes motivation for that agent to adopt the...
Internal manufacturing strategy audit: the first step in integrated strategic benchmarking

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how auditing internal manufacturing can improve the effectiveness of the benchmarking process. It is the intent of this study to provide a set of internal auditing guidelines and recommendations for organizations committed to benchmarking.Design/methodology/approach – A questionnaire‐based mailed survey was used to the audit manufacturing process. The questionnaire is a modified version of manufacturing futures survey. The survey contains a series of questions that managers need to answer about themselves and their competitors, covering the following categories. The questionnaire contains the following categories: corporate strategy and competitive priorities, and manufacturing performance objectives and action plans.Findings – The proposed integrated strategic benchmarking (ISB) requires the benchmarking organization to conduct a thorough auditing of corporate strategy and deployment of the strategy into manufacturing strategy and action plans before ...
Characterization of Functional Reprogramming during Osteoclast Development Using Quantitative Proteomics and mRNA Profiling

In addition to forming macrophages and dendritic cells, monocytes in adult peripheral blood retain the ability to develop into osteoclasts, mature bone-resorbing cells. The extensive morphological and functional transformations that occur during osteoclast differentiation require substantial reprogramming of gene and protein expression. Here we employ -omic-scale technologies to examine in detail the molecular changes at discrete developmental stages in this process (precursor cells, intermediate osteoclasts, and multinuclear osteoclasts), quantitatively comparing their transcriptomes and proteomes. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD000471. Our analysis identified mitochondrial changes, along with several alterations in signaling pathways, as central to the development of mature osteoclasts, while also confirming changes in pathways previously implicated in osteoclast biology. In particular, changes in the expression of proteins involved in metabolism and redirection of energy flow from basic cellular function toward bone resorption appeared to play a key role in the switch from monocytic immune system function to specialized bone-turnover function. These findings provide new insight into the differentiation program involved in the generation of functional osteoclasts.
Targeted Therapy for Metastatic Renal Carcinoma: An Update

Conventional chemotherapy is associated with poor outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Advances in the understanding of tumor molecular biology and the implementation of new drugs that target these molecular pathways have increased the arsenal against advanced RCC and improved outcomes in these patients. Herein, we briefly describe the latest data on targeted therapies used in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. Search strategy was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Abstracts of relevant studies published in PubMed between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed by two authors. Abstracts were selected if they were published in English, data reported was of phase II or III clinical trials, and outcomes followed FDA approval. If consensus between the two authors was achieved, they were included in the review. Key words used were "target therapy" and "metastatic renal cell carcinoma". The results of the studies analyzed in this review support the benefits of targeted therapy in metastatic RCC. These include improved progression-free survival, overall survival, and quality of life as well as reduced toxicities compared to immunotherapy. The improvement in outcomes in metastatic RCC makes these drugs a preferred option as a primary treatment for these patients.
Kinetics of the reaction of carbon monoxide with the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex☆

The hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex (HbHp) has a high affinity for oxygen, no “heme-heme interaction” and no Bohr effect. The results presented here demonstrate that a markedly increased combination rate seems to be the kinetic basis of the high ligand affinity of the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex and that, as has been observed previously in hemoglobins exhibiting high oxygen affinity, a correlation exists between the high combination rate and a change in the Soret band spectra of the deoxy form (430 mμ). The velocity constant (l′) determined with the stopped flow technique for the reaction HbHp1-1 + CO ai HbHp CO is 1.9 × 106 M−1 sec−1 at pH 7.4 and 25 °C, with an activation energy of 6.7 kcal./mole. When the reaction was studied for the complex HbHp 2.2, a higher rate was observed: 5.2 × 106 at pH 7.4 and 23 °C, with an activation energy of 4.3 kcal./mole. Utilizing the flash photolysis technique comparable results were obtained, but the biphasic behavior of the reaction rate that is characteristic of hemoglobin A was absent. Ligand-bound conformational changes of the type postulated for hemoglobin. A seem to be absent in the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex.
Behavioral skills training to remediate deviant social behavior of an adolescent in residential treatment

This case conference paper describes a treatment plan for Mike, an intellectually limited 13-year-old boy with social-skill deficits and social behavior problems who resides in a family-style residential treatment program. Treatment would involve initial training with videotape vignettes for Mike to learn to identify appropriate and inappropriate social behaviors across a variety of typical social situations with peers. Following initial discrimination training, behavioral skills training procedures involving instructions, modeling, rehearsal, praise, and feedback would be implemented with peers in simulated social interactions. Training would include multiple exemplars and would continue until Mike had learned appropriate social behaviors for a wide range of social situations and had exhibited those behaviors in the residential and school settings. Behavioral contingencies would also be implemented by staff for Mike's appropriate and inappropriate social behaviors in the residential and school settings to promote generalization.
Reversal of the enzyme profiles of muscle fibres in fast and slow muscles by cross-innervation.

PREVIOUS histochemical1,2 and quantitative3 studies of enzymes in skeletal muscles have shown that the muscles with fast contraction characteristics have a preponderance of fibres with a high activity of glycolytic enzymes. By contrast, the muscles with slow contraction consist of fibres with high activity of lipid and oxidative metabolism. These enzyme differences reflect differences between the energy metabolism of the two types of muscles. Denervation4,5 was found to cause a preferential loss of activity of glycolytic enzymes in the fast muscles and of lipid and oxidative enzymes in the slow muscles. Consequently, after the interruption of the nerve supply the enzyme differences between the fibres of the two types of muscles gradually decreased and tended to disappear. These findings were interpreted as indicating that denervation results in a metabolic dedifferentiation of the muscle fibres.
Treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders with tetrabenazine: A double‐blind crossover study

Tetrabenazine, a presynaptic monoamine depleting agent, has been reported to have an ameliorating effect in a variety of hyperkinetic movement disorders. In a double-blind crossover trial of tetrabenazine versus placebo, 19 patients with a variety of hyperkinetic movement disorders were evaluated. During the evaluation period, all but 4 patients were treated for three or more weeks at a maximum dosage of 200 mg per day. The patients were examined and rated using clinical assessment of hyperkinesia, and movies of their activities were randomized and rated by an independent group of neurologists. A good correlation was found between the clinical examination scale and the film analysis score. Improvement was seen in all 4 patients with tardive dyskinesia, 4 of 6 patients with Meige disease, and 5 of 6 patients with other dystonias. One patient with Huntington disease showed marked improvement and 2 patients with congenital choreoathetosis showed only mild improvement. The most frequent side effects included daytime drowsiness, drooling or sialorrhea, insomnia, restlessness and anxiety, parkinsonian features, and mild postural hypotension. The adverse effects resolved with continued administration or with reduction in dosage. Tetrabenazine is a useful and safe therapeutic agent in some patients with hyperkinetic movement disorders.
Understanding the surface potential of water.

We have resolved the inconsistency in quantifying the surface potential at the liquid−vapor interface when using explicit ab initio electronic charge density and effective atomic partial charge models of liquid water. This is related, in part, to the fact that the resulting electric potentials from partial-charge models and ab initio charge distributions are quite different except for those regions of space between the molecules. We show that the electrostatic surface potential from a quantum mechanical charge distribution compares well to high-energy electron diffraction and electron holography measurements, as opposed to the comparison with electrochemical measurements. We suggest that certain regions of space be excluded when comparing computed surface potentials with electrochemical measurements. This work describes a novel interpretation of ab initio computed surface potentials through high-energy electron holography measurements as useful benchmarks toward a better understanding of electrochemistry.
Critical fields and magnetoresistance in the molecular superconductors (TMTSF)2X

Abstract The resistive transition to the superconducting state in the quasi-one dimensional molecular organic metal (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 has been measured under 6 kbar pressure for magnetic fields applied along the intrachain (a), interchain (b′) and interplane (c * ) directions. Pronounced positive curvature in H c2 (T) is observed, with no sign of saturation, in the basal plane directions a and b′, in contrast to previous publications on this material, but similar to recent results by Lee, et al . on a related compound, (TMTSF) 2 ClO 4 . A new crossover or reversal of anisotropy occurs near T c /2, below which the critical field along b′ exceeds that along a. Moreover, H c2 in these directions exceeds the Chandrasekhar-Clogston limit, reaching as much as 3 times H CC . The normal state magnetoresistance displays peculiar behavior in both materials at low temperature, with a local maximum in the vicinity of the superconducting transition. In addition, we report on a new series of angular magnetoresistance oscillations observed in both the ClO 4 and PF 6 salts.
Natural history of untreated renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus

Abstract Objectives The natural history of untreated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous tumor thrombus (VTT) is poorly characterized. We aimed to describe the natural history of this disease, and to identify prognostic factors associated with disease-specific survival. Materials and methods We identified patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with untreated renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombi. Disease-specific median and 1-year survival rates were determined, and disease-free survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with disease-specific and overall survival in this patient group. Results Of 2,265 patients with RCC and VTT, 390 (17%) underwent no treatment; 278 (71%) patients died during follow-up; of these, 243 deaths (87%) were due to RCC. Median and 1-year disease-specific survival for this group was 5 months and 29%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, the extent of tumor thrombus (HR 1.7 for T3c vs. T3b, 95% CI 1.0–2.7) and the presence of metastases (HR 3.1 for M+ vs. M0, 95% CI 1.7–5.5) were most strongly associated with disease-specific mortality. Conclusions Prognosis is poor for the majority of untreated patients with RCC and VTT. Supradiaphragmatic thrombi and distant metastases are adverse prognostic factors in this patient group. This information is important when counseling patients as to the risk and benefits of surgical vs. nonoperative management of RCC and VTT.
Government publishing in Brazil

Abstract Brazil's size, federal structure, and extent of government intervention in the economy mean that its official publishing output is considerable: some 6.000 books and pamphlets a year and about 1,000 serial titles. The development of official publishing since de facto independence in 1808 reflects the country's administrative history. Bibliographic control, at least of federal level publishing, is now at last being achieved, but distribution is still poorly organized, and edition size often fails to correspond with demand. The range of material is vast, although publishing trends tend to reflect the importance of personalism in government in Brazil. Technical and esthetic standards are briefly touched upon.
The settlement and degradation of nondurable shales associated with coal mine waste embankments

Abstract In the Appalachian and Midwestern regions of the United States, shale is the predominant material used for the construction of coal mine waste embankments. However, most shales in these regions are susceptible to water exposure and will rapidly disintegrate. Evaluating the degradation behavior of shale and the settlement upon wetting over a period of time may be a critical link in designing a safe and effective coal waste embankments and spillways. The scope of this laboratory study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of nondurable material composed of degradable shale when subjected to a static load and water inflow. A static-compression-creep test was developed to approximate certain conditions of a mine waste embankment. The study generated a time-dependent settlement behavior of various proportions of durable and nondurable rock at various constant stress levels. After 24 hours of static-compression load applied to the rockfill, water was injected and the settlement was continuously monitored for 5 days. The test results found that the absorption and degradation dramatically increased with no vertical confinement. Results indicate that with no confinement, the nondurable shale absorbs 15% of its volume in water. Under vertically confined conditions, the absorption of water is reduced, and the shale tends to experience less degradation. The results of this study provides an index for broadly estimating settlement of nondurable rock waste under certain conditions.
The Generalized Terwilliger Algebra and its Finite-dimensional Modules when d = 2

Terwilliger [J. Algebraic Combin.1 (1992), 363–388] considered the C-algebra generated by a given Bose Mesner algebra M and the associated dual Bose Mesner algebra M*. This algebra is now known as the Terwilliger algebra and is usually denoted by T. Terwilliger showed that each vanishing intersection number and Krein parameter of M gives rise to a relation on certain generators of T. These relations are often called the triple product relations. They determine much of the structure of T, though not all of it in general. To illuminate the role these relations play, the current author introduced [J. Algebra233 (2000), 213–252] a generalization T of T. To go from T to T, we replace M and M* with a pair of dual character algebras C and C*. The dimensions of C and C* are equal; let d + 1 denote this common dimension. Intuitively, T is the associative C-algebra with identity generated by C and C* subject to the analogues of Terwilliger's triple product relations. T is infinite-dimensional and noncommutative in general. In this paper we study T and its finite-dimensional modules when d = 2 and T has no “extra” vanishing intersection numbers or dual intersection numbers. In this case we show T is C-algebra isomorphic to M3(C) ⊕ A, where M3(C) denotes the C-algebra consisting of all 3-by-3 matrices with entries in C and A denotes the associative C-algebra with identity generated by the symbols e and f subject to the relations e2 = e and f2 = f. We find a basis for A and we determine the center of A. We classify the finite-dimensional indecomposable A-modules up to isomorphism. There are four such A-modules in every odd dimension, and in every even dimension these modules are parameterized by a single complex number. We also classify the finite-dimensional irreducible A-modules up to isomorphism. Using our results concerning A, we find a basis for T, we describe the center of T, and we classify both the finite-dimensional indecomposable and the finite-dimensional irreducible T-modules up to isomorphism.
Validation of Feeling, Belief, and Intention to Act as Three Components of Attitude and Their Contribution to Prediction of Contraceptive Behavior.

Using attitude toward birth control as the issue an attempt was made to establish whether feeling belief and intention to act are 3 separate components of global attitude structure and to determine the contribution of these components to prediction of contraceptive behavior. 4 verbal measures of each component were independently constructed using the techniques of Thurstone equal-appearing intervals Likert summated ratings Guttman scalogram analysis and Guilford self-rating. The scales were developed by interviewing 2 random samples of 32-36 users and 32-36 nonusers of contraceptives among low-income married Negro women (15-45 years) who were residents of North Carolina public housing projects. Administration of the 12 scales on 50 users and 50 nonusers of the same ethnic group yielded a 12 x 12 multitrait-multimethod correlational matrix. 2 factor analysis of the matrix identified 3 factors - feeling belief and intention to act - which although correlated were shown to possess convergent and discriminant validities as predicted by the first hypothesis. A stepwise multiple discriminant analysis performed to determine the best predictor of behavior supported a second hypothesis: verbal measures of intention to act were better predictors of behavior than either the feeling or the belief verbal measures. Implications of this finding for prediction and control of behavior and for educational programs are considered. The sensitivity of each method of measurement is discussed.(Authors modified)
Visceral Adipose Tissue: At the Intersection of Lipoprotein Associated CV Risk

Dr. Rosenson is a stockholder in LipoScience, Inc., and he has participated in Advisory Boards for LipoScience, Inc. Due to these potential conflicts of interest, he was not involved in review of the manuscript for which this editorial was written. From the Department of Cardiometabolic Disorders, Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. Correspondence: R. S. Rosenson (robert. rosenson@mssm.edu).
Preliminary Report on the Isotopic Structure of the Cadmium Primary Standard of Wavelength

With enhanced samples of the eight isotopes of cadmium in electrodeless discharge tubes, measurements of the center of gravity line position of λ6438 have been made to better than one part in 25 million or to about 0.0003 A. The estimated resolution, based on Doppler broadening, was 500 000. The observed shifts, compared to a similar normal cadmium source, have been treated by a least squares analysis of a matrix multiplication by the ORACLE. These preliminary results indicate a difference for the extreme masses of about 0.008 A, which is comparable with the half-width of the red line in an atomic beam source. With the exception of mass 108, there is a regular increase in wavelength for the even mass numbers. The odd mass isotopes appear to give anomalous shifts, falling near the shift for the adjacent larger even mass. The principal source of error in the procedure is associated with apparent shifts due to differences in density of the patterns.
CKA, a novel multidomain protein, regulates the JUN N-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway in Drosophila.

The Drosophila melanogaster JUN N-terminal kinase (DJNK) and DPP (decapentaplegic) signal transduction pathways coordinately regulate epithelial cell sheet movement during the process of dorsal closure in the embryo. By a genetic screen of mutations affecting dorsal closure in Drosophila, we have now identified a multidomain protein, connector of kinase to AP-1 (cka), that functions in the DJNK pathway and controls the localized expression of dpp in the leading-edge cells. We have also investigated how CKA acts. This unique molecule forms a complex with HEP (DJNKK), BSK (DJNK), DJUN, and DFOS. Complex formation activates BSK kinase, which in turn phosphorylates and activates DJUN and DFOS. These data suggest that CKA represents a novel molecule regulating AP-1 activity by organizing a molecular complex of kinases and transcription factors, thus coordinating the spatial-temporal expression of AP-1-regulated genes. Morphogenetic movements play a central role in the establishment of the overall body organization and shape during metazoan development. Most types of morphogenetic movements involve epithelial cell invagination and spreading (epiboly). In Drosophila melanogaster, the morphogenetic movement that occurs during dorsal closure (DC) of the embryonic epidermis has provided an excellent system for characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying the coordinated movements of epithelial cell layers (8, 13, 25, 26, 38). DC is a major morphogenetic event that occurs during midembryogenesis. DC relies predominately on cell shape changes within the postmitotic epidermis. These changes are initiated in two symmetric dorsalmost rows of epidermal cells, known as the leading-edge (LE) cells, followed by the stretching of the more lateral epidermal cells, and are finished with the fusion of the two rows of LE cells at the dorsal midline (4, 23, 43). Embryos that fail to complete DC due to mutations in the genes required for this process die with a characteristic dorsalopen phenotype (14, 27, 29, 41). Based on molecular data, two
Human Papillomavirus, Current Vaccines, and Cervical Cancer Prevention

Human papillomavirus infection, the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, is associated with the development of cervical cancer. The new human papillomavirus vaccine advances cervical cancer prevention; however, provider-recommended screening with Papanicolaou tests and lifestyle modifications are still needed. Widespread implementation of the vaccine and delivering cervical cancer screening to underserved populations remain a challenge. Nurses are ideally suited to address these needs by providing education to patients and families.
Gradient-projection blind deconvolution

We present a gradient-projection algorithm for solving the classical blind deconvolution problem. In our approach all known a priori information about both the unknown source and blurring functions is expressed via constraint sets. In computer simulations, the algorithm performed well even when the prior information was not accurate. In this study the algorithm is also compared with a conjugate gradient algorithm proposed by Lane (see J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol.9, no.9, p.1508-1514, 1992). >