cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Terminal Guidance Algorithm for Ramjet-Powered Missiles

Theterminal guidancedesign problem fora long-rangebank-to-turn (BTT)ramjetmissileinvolvesa completely coupled pitch ‐yaw‐roll nonlinear dynamics model. Because of these nonlinear dynamics, an optimal solution for acceleration and roll-rate commands can be found only by numerical methods for solving two-point boundary value problems. Because the roll-rate dynamics of the state-of-the-art missiles is much faster than the rest of the systemstates,anear-optimalsolutionisobtainedtotheBTTguidanceproblemusing multipletimescaletechniques. Nonlinear feedback solutions for the acceleration command and roll-rate command are derived. The zero-order slow solution obtained by treating roll rate as ine nitely fast, is exactly the optimal guidance law for a skid-to-turn missile.Thezero-orderfastsolutionprovidestheroll-ratecommand.Ae rst-orderanalysiscorrectstheacceleration command for the e nite dynamics behavior in bank angle. Simulation results are presented for a representative terminal engagement using this algorithm. Near-zero miss distances are obtained in a noise-free environment.
Application of NDE methods to bridge structures: a California perspective

In cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration, the California Department of Transportation launched a full-scale dynamic testing program of seismic isolation and energy dissipation systems. This program is the first of its kind in the United States and in the world. Over a dozen companies from five countries are participating in the testing program, which will lead to uniform guidelines for prototype and verification testing as well as design guidelines and contract specifications for each of the different systems. This paper provides an overview of the testing program, the evaluation process, and the various organizational and technical issues involved in this massive project.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
LH- and FSH-stimulation of adenylate cyclase in seminiferous tubules from young rats: Functional FSH and LH receptors unmasked by homogenization

LH- and FSH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity was present in homogenates of whole testis tissue as well as in microdissected seminiferous tubules derived from young rats. In homogenates of seminiferous tubules a single adenylate cyclase appears to interact with both LH and FSH through separate hormone-specific receptors. Disruption of testis tissue by homogenization exposes functional FSH and LH receptors which are inaccessible to the hormones in intact cell preparations. These results indicate that in certain seminiferous tubule cell types only a fraction of the total functional receptors present is accessible to the cell surface for interaction with hormone.
A century-bandwidth antenna reinvented and patented after eighteen years with only a decade bandwidth

The goal of this communication is to point out that 18 years after it was first developed, a century-bandwidth antenna has apparently been reinvented with only a decade bandwidth, and patented
A five course sequence for Information Systems

The organization and outline for the Information Systems in the Computer Science program is shown. The interfaces between the course sequence for Information Systems and the courses in Computer Science are shown. How the sequence meets the ACM standards for Information Systems are also shown. The methods and approaches to teaching the five course sequence is also shown. The Information Systems option is very important in our university setting where almost all of our graduates at the two year level go directly to the work place and then continue their education on a part-time basis for their four-year degree.
Mechanical Properties of ZnO Nanowires Under Different Loading Modes

A systematic experimental and theoretical investigation of the elastic and failure properties of ZnO nanowires (NWs) under different loading modes has been carried out. In situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tension and buckling tests on single ZnO NWs along the polar direction [0001] were conducted. Both tensile modulus (from tension) and bending modulus (from buckling) were found to increase as the NW diameter decreased from 80 to 20 nm. The bending modulus increased more rapidly than the tensile modulus, which demonstrates that the elasticity size effects in ZnO NWs are mainly due to surface stiffening. Two models based on continuum mechanics were able to fit the experimental data very well. The tension experiments showed that fracture strain and strength of ZnO NWs increased as the NW diameter decreased. The excellent resilience of ZnO NWs is advantageous for their applications in nanoscale actuation, sensing, and energy conversion.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis in a Pediatric Renal-Transplant Recipient. (P3.333)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and radiological features of a case of multiphasic acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in a pediatric patient on chronic immunosupresion after renal transplantation. BACKGROUND: ADEM is a rare demyelinating disorder with potential devastating neurological consequences, reported in a few post-transplant pediatric patients. DESIGN/METHODS: Case report RESULTS: 7-year-old boy with history of end-stage renal disease and renal transplantation on chronic immunosuppression with cyclosporine, tacrolimus and mycophenolate, presented with leg weakness and urinary retention six months following transplantation. Neurological examination showed irritability, hypesthesias, dysesthesias and hyperreflexia in the legs. Spinal MRI showed T2-hyperintesity from the 4th thoracic segment to the conus medullaris. Brain MRI revealed several T2 and FLAIR-hyperintense foci. CSF showed Glucose 62 mg/dL, Proteins 108 mg/dL, WBC 49 cells/µL and RBC 31010 cells/µL. Aquaporin IgG antibodies were negative. Tacrolimus levels were normal. He had elevated titers for Coxsackie-virus group A/B and serum titers for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A diagnosis of ADEM was made. He was treated with methylprednisolone followed by a prednisone taper with improvement in motor strength and sensation. Two months later, he returned with acute onset of obtundation, gait difficulties and urinary incontinence. Brain MRI showed enhancing T1-lesions in the right frontal lobe, midline shift and subfalcine herniation. Spine MRI demonstrated three T2-hyperintense foci at C1-C6 and C7-T1 with resolution of previous lesions. He was transferred to the operating room for decompressive craniectomy. Brain biopsy showed CD68+ macrophages with perivascular and parenchymal lymphocytes. He was treated with methylprednisolone followed by a 3-weeks prednisone taper and discharged to rehabilitation with remarkable recovery. CONCLUSIONS: ADEM is an autoimmune-mediated disorder that has to be recognized as a potential neurological complication in renal-transplant recipients as well as patients on chronic immunosuppression. The majority of cases have been associated with viral illnesses. Immunosuppressive therapy could play an important role in the etiology of encephalopathy and demyelination. Understanding the mechanisms of autoimmunity targeted to myelin in a chronically immunosuppressed subject remains a matter of investigation. Disclosure: Dr. Vela-Duarte has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schnitzler has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prabhu has nothing to disclose.
Dissolution of Ophiuroid Ossicles on the Shallow Antarctic Shelf: Implications for the Fossil Record and Ocean Acidification

The brittlestar, Ophionotus victoriae, is abundant in Explorers Cove, offshore Taylor Valley. However its ossicles, composed of high-Mg calcite, have not been reported from Cenozoic cores taken from McMurdo Sound. To identify taphonomic processes we analyzed (1) ossicle dissolution and silhouette area loss during a 2-year in situ experiment in which whole dead brittlestars were suspended above or placed on the sediment-water interface at water depths of 7–25 m; (2) ossicle dissolution in a 27-day, in situ experiment using ossicles freed of soft tissue; (3) porosities of experimental and pristine ossicles; and (4) abundance of ossicles in short cores taken at shallow depths in Explorers Cove. SEM analysis demonstrates significantly higher levels of dissolution in ossicles submerged for two years than in pristine ossicles. Submerged ossicles also had significant breakage reflected in silhouette area loss. During the 27day experiment, submerged ossicles lost between 0.07 wt% and 1.31 wt%. At the observed rate of dissolution it would take between 6 and 105 years for vertebral ossicles to dissolve completely. Ossicles submerged for two years had a slightly higher mean porosity than pristine ossicles; porosity is controlled by variability in the porous stereom structure as well as dissolution. Results demonstrate that ossicle dissolution starts soon after death and that the stratigraphic record does not accurately reflect the presence and abundance of ophiuroids, thus complicating their use in paleoenvironmental, paleoclimatic, and paleoecologic reconstructions. These results also provide baseline information about CaCO
Who is Nancy Pelosi

The election of a Democratic majority to the U.S. House of Representatives in the 110th Congress paved the way for Nancy Pelosi of California to become the first woman speaker. As the incumbent Democratic leader, Pelosi was well known on Capitol Hill. Yet as the incoming speaker, and the first woman speaker, she faced the certainty of receiving extensive media scrutiny in the run up to the 2006 election, during the transition period, and during her first year in office. How would she become viewed by the American people? And who would shape the public's perception of her? What role would gender and her status as the historic first woman speaker play in focusing the lens of media attention?
Transcriptional Repression by p53 Involves Molecular Interactions Distinct from Those With the TATA Box Binding Protein

In addition to serving a role as a DNA binding-dependent transcriptional activator, p53 has been reported to repress a variety of promoters that lack p53 binding sites. Data from recent studies have suggested that this activity is mediated via an interaction between p53 and the TATA box binding protein (TBP). To investigate the functional relevance of this interaction in vivo, we have performed transient transfection assays in Drosophila Schneider cells. Wild-type p53 was found to repress expression from TATA box- but not initiator (Inr)-containing promoters activated by GAL4-VP16, GAL4-ftzQ or Sp1. A mutant p53(His175), defective in DNA binding and transcriptional activation, also inhibited TATA-dependent transcription activated by Sp1. However, p53 was unable to repress a basal TATA promoter stimulated by overexpression of TBP. Furthermore, overexpression of TBP failed to rescue the p53-mediated repression of activated transcription and a p53 mutant with its N-terminal TBP interaction domain intact, but defective in transcriptional activation and binding to TBP-associated factors (TAFs), was similarly defective in transcriptional repression. These data suggest that a p53-TBP interaction is not sufficient for transcriptional repression by p53 and that repression involves an interaction between p53 and other factors, such as TAFs, that are required for activated but not basal transcription. We suggest that p53-mediated repression results from squelching of a factor limiting for activated transcription from TATA- but not Inr-containing promoters.
Nutritional Origins of Insulin Resistance: A Rat Model for Diabetes-Prone Human Populations

While there has been little success identifying the genetic bases of noninsulin-dependent (type-2) diabetes, current epidemiological data and animal models implicate fetal undernutrition in the development of type-2 diabetes. We examined the effects of fetal undernutrition on insulin responses and glucose tolerance in adulthood in genetically normal rats. Control rats were adequately nourished in utero and consumed nutritionally adequate (N) diets throughout life. Experimental rats (F1 generation) were undernourished in utero and consumed either N or high-energy, high-fat (HF) diets postweaning. The offspring of the experimental rats (F2 generation) received the respective diets of their parent. Body weights of experimental F1 rats at d 4 were 40% less than that of control pups, and they remained significantly smaller than controls throughout adulthood. The experimental F1 rats consuming N diets postweaning had a reduced insulin response (-30%) at 30-min postglucose challenge in adulthood (P > 0.05). However, their offspring (F2 generation) displayed a markedly elevated insulin response [+80% at 30 min (P < 0.05) and + 230% at 120 min (P < 0.001) postglucose challenge]. The insulin response of the F2 generation rats fed the high-energy, HF diet was even more pronounced [+130% at 30 min (P < 0.003) and + 250% at 120 min (P < 0.001) postglucose challenge]. Thus, undernourishment in utero produces striking insulin resistance in genetically normal, well-nourished second-generation rats.
Epistemic modality and truth conditions

Within the linguistics literature it is often claimed that epistemic modality, unlike other kinds of modality, does not contribute to truth-conditional content. In this paper I challenge this view. I reanalyze a variety of arguments which have been used in support of the non-truth-conditional view and show that they can be handled on an alternative analysis of epistemic modality.
Molecular abnormalities in lung carcinogenesis and their potential clinical implications

Development of lung cancer is multistep and requires accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Modern molecular technology has facilitated a rapid and effective identification of these genetic alterations as well as epigenetic alterations. The determination of molecular alterations in the early tumorigenic process of the lung will not only extend our understanding of the underlying biology but also provide molecular markers for cancer risk assessment, early detection, and molecular classification. In this article, I will discuss the common molecular abnormalities in lung cancer and how these abnormalities may be used as biomarkers in clinical practice.
Output feedback decoupling

New, concise, necessary, and sufficient conditions are derived for dynamically decoupling a large class of linear multivariable systems through the employment of constant gain output feedback. The conditions directly imply a constructive procedure for decoupling and reassigning the closed-loop poles, as illustrated by example.
Adaptive CMOS: from biological inspiration to systems-on-a-chip

Local long-term adaptation is a well-known feature of the synaptic junctions in nerve tissue. Neuroscientists have demonstrated that biology uses local adaptation both to tune the performance of neural circuits and for long-term learning. Many researchers believe it is key to the intelligent behavior and the efficiency of biological organizms. Although engineers use adaptation in feedback circuits and in software neural networks, they do not use local adaptation in integrated circuits to the same extent that biology does in nerve tissue. A primary reason is that locally adaptive circuits have proved difficult to implement in silicon. We describe complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices called synapse transistors that facilitate local long-term adaptation in silicon. We show that synapse transistors enable self-tuning analog circuits in digital CMOS, facilitating mixed-signal systems-on-a-chip. We also show that synapse transistors enable silicon circuits that learn autonomously, promising sophisticated learning algorithms in CMOS.
Functional methamphetamine use: The insider's perspective

Methamphetamine use and its social and health consequences pose a serious public health challenge in the United States and beyond. The focus of this article is on functional methamphetamine use from the insider's perspective. In-depth interviews were conducted in Atlanta, Georgia with 40 heavy methamphetamine users. Heavy use was defined as having used methamphetamine at least 10 times during the 30 days prior to the interview. For these respondents, functional use comprised using methamphetamine to improve an action or skill. Further exploration resulted in three recurrent categories of functional use. These include enhanced functioning, increased productivity, and the ability to function normally while using methamphetamine. It is argued that functional drug use may not be unique to methamphetamine. In addition, the findings show the importance of incorporating the complexities of functional use in future studies as well as risk reduction and treatment services targeting drug users.
The Stability of Matter: From Atoms to Stars

Why is ordinary matter (e.g., atoms, molecules, people, planets, stars) as stable as it is? Why is it the case, if an atom is thought to be a miniature solar system, that bringing very large numbers of atoms together (say 1030) does not produce a violent explosion? Sometimes explosions do occur, as when stars collapse to form supernovae, but normally matter is well behaved. In short, what is the peculiar mechanics of the elementary particles (electrons and nuclei) that constitute ordinary matter so that the material world can have both rich variety and stability?
Probability density of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter

The Rayleigh and Rice-Nakagami probability density functions (PDFs) are generally accepted models for the RF envelope of ultrasonic backscatter from tissue. However, theoretical computations and experimental results from a tissue equivalent phantom and in vivo canine myocardium suggest that these two PDFs are overly simplistic expressions of a more complex scattering process occurring in tissue. This process is modeled more precisely by the Nakagami-M PDF which is a compact expression for the most general form of the two-dimensional random walk satisfying the central limit theorem. An analysis of ultrasonic backscatter from a Rayleigh phantom is presented with initial results from normal myocardium to substantiate this finding and address its implications for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon of ultrasonic scattering in tissue. >
Mild cognitive impairment: an update in Parkinson's disease and lessons learned from Alzheimer's disease

Cognitive dysfunction is an important focus of research in Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the concept of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as a prodrome to AD has been recognized for many years, the construct of MCI in PD is a relative newcomer with recent development of diagnostic criteria, biomarker research programs and treatment trials. Controversies and challenges, however, regarding PD-MCI's definition, application, heterogeneity and different trajectories have arisen. This review will highlight current research advances and challenges in PD-MCI. Furthermore, lessons from the AD field, which has witnessed an evolution in MCI/AD definitions, relevant advances in biomarker research and development of disease-modifying and targeted therapeutic trials will be discussed.
No difference in improvement in physical function between splint and cast at 6 weeks in children with minimally angulated fractures of the distal radius

Commentary on: K Boutis, A Willan, P Babyn, et al.. Cast versus splint in children with minimally angulated fractures of the distal radius: a randomized controlled trial.CMAJ. 2010;182:1507–12.
Estimating the number of classes in multiple populations: a geometric analysis

The authors study estimation of the total number of classes present in multiple overlapping populations. They show that the number of classes is identifiable in a nonparametric mixture model of multivariate Poisson densities. Unusual phenomena occur in both point estimation and confidence inference for the parameter defined as the odds of a class being unidentified in the data. Consequently only one-sided confidence intervals are available for the number of classes. Estimation du nombre de classes dans diverses populations: une analyse geometrique Les auteurs s'interessent a l'estimation du nombre total de classes dans un ensemble de populations qui se recoupent, us montrent que le nombre de classes est identifiable dans un modele non parametrique compose d'un melange de lois de Poisson multivariees. Des phenomenes inusites se produisent au plan de l'estimation, tant ponctuelle que par intervalle, du parametre representant le risque qu'une classe ne puisse pas ětre identifiee a partir des donnees. En consequence, seuls des intervalles de confiance unilateraux sont possibles pour le nombre de classes.
Pitfalls in the conception, manipulation, and measurement of visual accommodation

Reports of applied research in visual accommodation frequently contain points of confusion, suggesting that there may be some widespread misunderstanding regarding the nature of accommodation, the complexities involved in its measurement, and the multiple meanings inherent in its terminology. The present paper reviews several of these problem areas. Included are discussions of the effect of refractive error on accommodation assessment; the dangers involved in assuming equivalence among physiological, refractive power, and conjugate distance changes; and multiple meanings in the conception of resting accommodation. A variety of manipulation and measurement problems also are reviewed, including the specification of accommodative target distance, the use of lenses, and the correction of refractive error. The review concludes with recommendations regarding conceptions and procedures useful in avoiding the difficulties described.
A framework for 911 service in a PBX LAN

In the public switched telephone network (PSTN), 911 (emergency) services are handled by a dedicated, point-to-point analog network infrastructure. In contrast, 911 in IP telephony is constrained by IP's flat addressing scheme and dynamic IP address assignment, best-effort service model and inherent dynamicity in network topology connectivity. To serve crucial E911 needs of accurate assistance dispatch with callback facility in IP telephony, the existing model from analog telephony is not applicable. We investigate ways of resolving location information of an IP telephony 911 caller and propose a novel approach to convey geographic location information parameters of connected hosts by extending the DHCP protocol. The case scenario of voice over IP (VoIP) in local area networks (LAN) is used as the basis for our approach and specifically, University of Missouri Kansas City's (UMKC) VoIP network has been considered for possible deployment of this approach.
District variations in educational resources and student outcomes

Abstract Since the 1970s, poorer school districts lacking educational resources have formed coalitions and sued their respective states. Their lawsuits claim that interdistrict variations in educational resources violate state constitutions because they deny poorer school districts an equal educational opportunity. Using data from school districts in Virginia, this research investigates two questions. First, whether a school district's level of educational resources is associated with its socioeconomic characteristics. Second, whether interdistrict variations in student outcomes (achievements, attainments and aspirations) are associated with interdistrict variations in educational resources. Our results indicate that resources are associated with a school district's socioeconomic characteristics and that resources are associated with student outcomes. However, there is evidence of effects of resources on student outcomes only for attainments and aspirations, not for math and reading test scores.
Combining DOM tree and geometric layout analysis for online medical journal article segmentation

We describe an HTML web page segmentation algorithm, which is applied to segment online medical journal articles (regular HTML and PDF-Converted-HTML files). The web page content is modeled by a zone tree structure based primarily on the geometric layout of the web page. For a given journal article, a zone tree is generated by combining DOM tree analysis and recursive X-Y cut algorithm. Combining with other visual cues, such as background color, font size, font color and so on, the page is segmented into homogeneous regions. Evaluation is conducted with 104 articles from 11 journals. Out of 9726 ground-truth zones, 9376 zones are correctly segmented, for an accuracy of 96.40%. Segmenting the entire web page into zones can significantly expedite and increase the accuracy of the subsequent information retrieval steps.
Multigroup decision-support systems in CSCW

Research in computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) has concentrated on developing techniques and support systems for groups of tightly coupled individuals focused on activities such as group writing and design development. A natural extension involves group decision-support systems (GDSS) that can assist multiple groups working in different places at different times. Our work extends the GDSS approach to a multigroup decision-support system (MGDSS) and uses the advanced integrated requirements engineering system (AIRES) for support. Two case studies, including data from user questionnaires, indicate a high level of user satisfaction with the support the system provides. The MGDSS process and AIRES software support idea elicitation to solve complex problems. The system automatically organizes and assesses these ideas to help large groups build consensus. >
Facing the challenge of new design features: an effective verification approach

Verifying new hardware systems is a daunting task. To reduce the amount of effort involved, verification teams attempt to reuse as much verification IP as possible. We introduce a novel approach for test generation that enables the reuse of verification IP to verify new functionality. This method applies to a significant category of features, which are variations on the functionality of an existing design. Our method is being successfully used in the verification of high-end IBM servers: System p and System z. We compared our technique to alternative approaches and show that it achieves the best quality while reducing manual effort.
THE WHOLE TRUTH

To purchase reprints, contact The InnoVision Group, 101 Columbia, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656. Phone, (800) 809-2273 or (949) 362-2050 (ext 532); fax, (949) 362-2049; e-mail, reprints@aacn.org. By Christopher W. Bryan-Brown, MD, and Kathleen Dracup, RN, DNSc. From the Department of Anesthesiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (CWB-B), and the School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif (KD).
The prediction of satellite orbits

In this paper we develop a perturbation method and apply it to the prediction of orbits of earth satellites that are disturbed by various external forces. The theory of resonances and stable orbit configurations, possible when sunlight pressure is important, are also analyzed. Finally, we describe experiments to determine the magnitude of perturbing forces such as charge drag.
Proton NMR Studies of Amorphous Plasma-Deposited Films

Proton magnetic resonance data are presented for the hydrogen alloys of plasma-deposited amorphous boron, silicon, carbon, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride. Linewidth and lineshape analysis leads to the conclusion that hydrogen nuclei are clustered in a-Si/C:H, a-C:H, and a-Si/NiH. The a-Si/C:H and a-C:H data show that hydrogen exists in two phases. Modeling of linewidths in a-Si/C:H indicates that the two phases are heavily hydrogenated carbon clusters imbedded in a weakly hydrogenated silicon lattice. Evidence is also presented for the presence of motionally narrowed hydrogen spectra in a-B:H, a-Si/N:H and a-C:H. “B NMR spectra in a-B:H show no evidence of motional narrowing. It is suggested that the hydrogen nuclei giving rise to the motionally narrowed spectra are associated with disorder modes.
The Joint Influence of Evaluation Mode and Benchmark Signal on Environmental Accounting-Relevant Decisions

AbstractThe assessment of environmental alternatives occurs in one of two evaluation modes: joint (JE) or separate (SE) evaluation. This study explores the combined influence of evaluation mode and the attractiveness of environmental alternatives on decisions based on non-financial environmental accounting information. General Evaluability Theory [GET; Hsee, C. K., and J. A. Zhang. 2010. “General Evaluability Theory.” Perspectives on Psychological Science 5: 343–355] predicts greater decision dependence on benchmark performance signals received in SE than JE mode. However, GET is silent on the influence of the alternatives’ attractiveness on evaluations, e.g. when available environmental alternatives all perform either superior or inferior to a benchmark case. To address this condition, we propose supplementing GET with the ‘negativity bias’, which predicts that negative signals (e.g. worse than benchmark values) receive more decision weight compared to positive signals (e.g. better than benchmark values)...
A Commentary on “What Grounded Theory Is…”: Engaging a Phenomenon from the Perspective of Those Living it

In my editorial and authorial experiences, Grounded Theory approaches to organizational research have proven to be some of the most powerful forms of inquiry we have into modern organizing and organizations. And part of that power comes from its ability to utilize both qualitative and quantitative data. But unlike Walsh et al., I do not believe Grounded Theory is capable of being an all-encompassing research paradigm, nor should it be. The heart and soul of GT methodologies lies in engaging a phenomenon from the perspective of those living it, which means it is most suited toward inductive examinations seeking deep insight into a phenomenon and its connections with the context. Likewise, I also disagree that a GT approach is best used as a sequential, lockstep set of techniques that should be followed precisely; the power of GT approaches is partly derived from the potential to let those closest to the phenomenon influence how it is studied. Yes, I agree that there are key components to the methodology th...
Aerial dispersal of citrus rust mite (Acari: Eriophyidae) from Florida citrus groves

The aerial dispersal of citrus rust mite, Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Ashmead), from Florida citrus groves was monitored throughout the 1995 growing season, using silicone grease-coated traps. Trap-catch was not affected by trap elevation, nor was there a consistent effect of wind direction on catch among 3 groves. Significantly more mites were captured in vertically oriented than in slanted traps in 2 of the 3 groves. The seasonal pattern of dispersal showed marked and coincident peaks from mid-September through mid-October at the 3 sites. There was a strong linear relationship between trap-catch and population density on fruit at 2 of 3 sites and when data from the 3 sites were combined. Dispersing mites infected with the entomopathogenic fungus, Hirsutella thompsonii Fisher, were captured in traps at the 3 groves, and the peak capture of infected mites generally coincided with the peak and decline of trap-catch. Mites were captured up to 135 m from an infested grove, and the mean ± SD dispersal distance under the prevailing conditions was 10.95 ± 20.34 m. The majority of mites captured during 1-h trapping intervals were alive. These results are discussed in relation to the population dynamics of citrus rust mite and to current trends in pest management practices in Florida citrus.
Investigation on residents' dietary pattern associated with chronic non-communicable diseases

Objective:To explore residents' dietary pattern associated with a risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases,and to provide basis for guiding residents to regulate dietary pattern and for intervening onset of chronic diseases positively.Methods: Random cluster sampling was used and tracing survey was conducted based on'National survey on nutritional and healthy status of residents in China,2002'.Variety food consumption rate and its consumption quantity were measured by food consumption frequency method.For residents,relevant index of chronic diseases were determined by physical examination and blood samples analysis.Results: It was found that traditional dietary pattern was predominant among residents of Jianye district in Nanjing city.For a standard person in an average,the intake of bean,vegetable,fruit,milk,egg,aquatic products and salt per day in 2007 was higher than that in 2002;while the intake of grain and poultry meat was lower than in 2002;moreover,by comparing with the balanced diet tower for Chinese residents,the intake of vegetable,fruit,and milk was still insufficient.The intake of meat,egg,edible oil and salt was higher than that of the recommended standard.It was shown that the morbidity of chronic disease such as hypertension among residents was increased continuously,which closely correlated to the diet.Conclusion: Although the dietary nutritional level in residents of Jianye district has been improved on that compared with five years ago,the problem of unreasonable dietary pattern existed yet,which related to the increasing trends of hypertension and other chronic diseases.In short,nutritional intervention campaign and diet guidance should be carried out continually so as to push on forming a healthful diet consumption behavior,to raise nutritional health level and restrain the occurrence of chronic diseases.
488 TESTING THE VALIDITY OF SURGICAL OUTCOME MEASURES FOR THE FOOT AND ANKLE

Introduction Rising healthcare costs support the need for valid health outcome measures to assess the efficacy of orthopaedic surgical procedures. This study seeks to test the validity of the two most common health surveys for patients with foot and ankle conditions, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society clinical rating system (AOFAS) and the Foot Function Index (FFI) by comparing them to the previously validated Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36). Methods Seventy, randomly selected patients with foot and ankle conditions were given a packet containing the AOFAS, FFI and SF-36 surveys upon visiting the UCLA Orthopaedic Clinic. Pearson correlations were used to detect similarities in patient health as reported by the AOFAS, FFI and SF-36 surveys. Results Health measured by the AOFAS survey for patients with hindfoot conditions correlates well with the physical component of the SF-36, while the AOFAS survey correlates poorly overall for patients with forefoot conditions. The Activity Limitation category of the FFI correlates well with physical and mental components of the SF-36. Conclusions The AOFAS survey is a valid tool for assessing physical health status in patients with foot and ankle conditions. The Activity Limitation category of the FFI is a good measure of overall health status in this patient population. Knowing the validity of these tools, we are currently collecting post-operative survey data to test their responsiveness to small but clinically significant change.
Ideal and Realty: AU and the Construction of African Collective Security Mechanism

Along with the speeding up of the development of globalization and end of the national liberation,the historical theme that African continent confronts has changed from one for independence to one for peace and development.Maintaining African peace,security and stabilization,becomes African's another historical mission following the economic development.Compared with OAU,AU had made some significant breakthrough in the following aspects: the construction of collective security mechanism,the innovation of self-peacekeeping principals,and the moulding of regional consciousness.But there is a big gap between the ideal expectations and the actual results,between the political zeal and the actual predicament in the construction of African collective security mechanism,such is an inevitable fact,and also an important matter that African political development must solve.The further development of African collective security mechanism must face several vital issues,such as how to handle the relations of the intervention and the national sovereignty,how to coordinate the relations of self-peacekeeping principal and win over external assistance.
Test System for Military Radio Station Based on External Virtual Instrument

This article describes the technology of virtual instruments in integrated test, concludes a kind of semantic aggregate of basic testing operations to inspect the communication radio over the parameters. And a test platform based on external virtual instruments that connected by USB is implemented, the platform considering both the universial and specfic performance, is effective and convenient.
Framing Arab Spring Conflict: A Visual Analysis of Coverage on Five Transnational Arab News Channels

Guided by framing theory, a quantitative content analysis was conducted on news programming from five transnational satellite news channels that broadcast to/from the Arab world—Al Jazeera, Al Jazeera English, Al Arabiya, Alhurra, and BBC Arabic. The project examined if differences exist between the networks, and between two dimensions of a network taxonomy—western and liberal commercial—in how Arab Spring news selection and content was visually framed. A systematic comparative analysis was conducted on visual coverage of the civil unrest in Tunisia, Algeria, Yemen, Egypt, Libya, and Syria. Three entire newscasts from each network airing between December, 2010 and June, 2011, were analyzed. The data from 1,951 shots reveal both similarities and differences in how the networks utilized the human interest and political frames in their Arab Spring coverage. Results revealed no difference in the application of the human interest frame between western and liberal networks. However, the comparison between the individual networks revealed that Alhurra invoked the political frame more often than Al Jazeera and BBC Arabic.
Effect of increasing flow on distribution of pulmonary capillary transit times

The complex morphology of the pulmonary capillary network causes capillary transit times to be dispersed about a mean. It is known that flow-induced decreases in mean capillary transit time are partially offset by capillary recruitment and distension, but the effect of these factors on the rest of the distribution of transit times is unknown. We have studied the relationship between blood flow, capillary recruitment, and the distribution of transit times in isolated canine lungs with videomicroscopy. Doubling baseline lobar blood flow recruited capillaries. All transit times in the distribution decreased, as did relative dispersion. Doubling flow again caused a further decrease in transit times, but neither capillary recruitment nor relative dispersion changed significantly. We conclude that capillary transit times become more homogeneous as lobar flow increases from low to intermediate levels. Further increases in flow across a fully recruited network are associated with decreases in transit times but not with more homogeneous capillary perfusion.
Is Evolution An Optimizing Process

The thought that evolution invariably brings about progress deserves consideration, especially in light of the use of optimizing models of its operation. An extremely interesting collection of papers on evolution and optimality affords a suitable point of departure. In The Latest on the Best (1987), for example, some who believe that evolution should be viewed as an optimizing process join issues with others who do not.
The Mobilization of Title IX across Colleges and Universities, 1994-2014

Title IX has been widely recognized as a crucial step toward gender equality in America. Yet it remains unclear how the law actually functions, particularly how it has been used in response to gender disparities in higher education. This article provides the first systematic analysis of how Title IX has been mobilized at the postsecondary level. Drawing on new data acquired through seven Freedom of Information Act requests, I analyze all resolved Title IX complaints filed with the Office of Civil Rights against four-year nonprofit colleges and universities from 1994 to 2014 (N=6,654). I find that the mobilization of Title IX has changed both in frequency and in kind during this period. Filings started to rise after 2000 and exploded after 2009, while sexual harassment complaints nearly equaled academic and athletic filings for the first time in 2014. Finally, despite the egalitarian design of the complaint process, private schools and more selective schools face a disproportionate number of complaints relative to enrollment, indicating the power of institutions in mediating legal mobilization.
A Mohave Cremation

ABSTRACTThe author was visiting among the Mohaves when word was received that a near relative of the hostess had died in an accident. The author assisted in some of the preparations and was invited to observe the total dignified ceremony which lasted for over 48 hours, terminating with the cremation of the deceased along with all of his property and with gifts from associates.
A dynamic probabilistic load flow method considering random distribution of the unbalance power

Probabilistic load flow (PLF) is a basic tool for uncertain study. To improve the fitting degree between analysis results and actual situation, a dynamic probabilistic load flow (DPLF) method considering distribution of the random unbalance power is proposed in this paper. Based on the probabilistic characteristic analysis for dynamic random variables, bus injection uncertainties caused by random wind power and loads can be represented as their moments and cumulants. Then the distribution model of unbalance power considering random factors is established and the calculation method of bus distribution participation factors is discussed. Results of a real power system in China with 151 buses and 252 branches are analyzed and compared to those obtained by Monte Carlo simulation. A numerical test shows that the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Systematic Analysis of Known and Candidate Lysine Demethylases in the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation

Histone methylation dynamics plays a critical role in cellular programming during development. For example, specific lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and lysine demethylases (KDMs) have been implicated in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into various cell lineages. However, a systematic and functional analysis for an entire family of KMT or KDM enzymes has not been performed. Here, we test the function of all the known and candidate KDMs in myoblast and osteoblast differentiation using the C2C12 cell differentiation model system. Our analysis identified that LSD1 is the only KDM required for myogenic differentiation and that KDM3B, KDM6A, and KDM8 are the candidate KDMs required for osteoblast differentiation. We find that LSD1, via H3K4me1 demethylation, represses the master regulator of osteoblast differentiation RUNX2 to promote myogenesis in the C2C12 model system. Finally, MLL4 is required for efficient osteoblast differentiation in part by countering LSD1 H3K4me1 demethylation at the RUNX2 enhancer. Together, our findings provide additional mechanisms by which lysine methylation signaling impacts on cell fate decisions.
NATO’s next secretary general: Rasmussen’s leadership legacy for Jens Stoltenberg

Former Norwegian Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg became NATO’s secretary general on 1 October 2014, succeeding Anders Fogh Rasmussen. As NATO’s leader, Rasmussen aggressively pushed this military alliance in new and challenging directions. He also viewed his leadership post in a fundamentally different way when compared to his predecessors. His legacy provides his successor with more opportunities to serve as a ‘general’, rather than solely as a ‘secretary’. This article addresses Rasmussen’s influence on the office of secretary general, and also examines two additional personality trait variables of previous NATO leaders that may shape Stoltenberg’s term at the alliance’s helm.
Microwave Studies of Molecular Ions

For stable neutral molecules in the gas phase microwave spectroscopy has for about three decades provided the most reliable and precise information available on molecular structure and internal properties, e.g., dipole moments, hyperfine interaction constants, or barriers to internal rotation or inversion. Rotational transitions, which are sensitive to the molecule’s moments of inertia and thus its structure, are observed directly and with very high resolution, so that their frequencies can be measured with great accuracy. The experimental frequencies are so exact, in fact, that the accuracy of the microwave structure obtained is always limited by the theoretical problems associated with the vibration-rotation interaction (non-rigidity) in the molecule rather than experimental errors.
Relative Ambidexterity: A Measure and a Versatile Framework

Executives struggle to arrive at appropriate levels of ambidexterity to achieve desired performance. Scholars have proposed varied and sometimes confounding solutions to this challenge. We offer a ...
Effect of low-dose fluconazole on theophylline serum concentrations in healthy volunteers

Objective:To determine whether fluconazole alters theophylline serum concentrations at steady-state in healthy volunteers.Design:Ten healthy subjects were administered controlled-release theophylline 150 mg bid for 10 days. Theophylline serum concentrations were measured at steady-state on day 4 to establish a baseline concentration. Fluconazole 100 mg/d was then administered beginning on day 4 through day 10. Theophylline serum concentrations also were measured on days 7, 9, and 11 of the study. Mean theophylline serum concentrations were compared before and during fluconazole administration. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA.Setting:This study was undertaken in the outpatient department at the Tucson Veterans Affairs Medical Center.Results:No statistically significant differences in mean theophylline serum concentrations were noted on days 7, 9, and 11 compared with baseline.Conclusions:These data show that fluconazole 100 mg/d had no significant effect on theophylline ser...
The Treatment of Dysmenorrhea

Menstrual disorders and abnormal uterine bleeding are common concerns of young women. Complaints include menses that are: too painful (dysmenorrhea), absent or occur irregularly (amenorrhea or oligoamenorrhea), or prolonged and heavy (menorrhagia, or excessive uterine bleeding). In providing optimal reproductive care, the medical provider must be able to distinguish between normal developmental patterns or symptoms requiring education and reassurance from pathologic conditions requiring prompt assessment and treatment. This article discusses the normal menstrual patterns seen in adolescent females and provides an evaluation and management approach to primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.
Conditioning Approach for Discrete Outcome Problems

In this chapter we study conditional likelihood-based inference in discrete outcome problems. This method is very useful for sparse data where there exists a large number of nuisance parameters. Moreover it is used extensively in matched case-control studies where some baseline covariates or survival times are matched at the data collection stage.