cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient phenomena in capillary exchange

The case of a vessel, which supplies a region through which it passes with some substance, is considered for the situation in which the permeability is the limiting factor. Diffusion parallel to the vessel is neglected. The substance may, however, be consumed proportional to its concentration in the inner or outer region. A solution is given for the case in which the input is an arbitrary function of time. It is suggested that the results may be applied in some cases to data on the injection of substances into blood vessels, or they may be applied to the transient effects in the case of vapors or gases passing through the respiratory passages.
Effects of ACTH and TPNH on progesterone-4-14C metabolism in the adrenal gland of the mongolian gerbil

Abstract Sectioned adrenal glands from ether anesthetized female Mongolian gerbils ( Mariones unguiculatus ) were incubated with progesterone-4-14C either following maximal stimulation by ACTH prior to sacrifice, or in the presence of TPNH in the incubation media. Analysis of adrenal progesterone metabolites in the ACTH-treated animals by column and thin-layer chromatography showed an overall increased rate of progesterone metabolism. In vitro TPNH stimulation resulted in selective effects on particular pathways, as reflected in an increase in corticosterone biosynthesis and diminished production of cortisone.
THE REGIONALISM ALTERNATIVE IN RURAL AREAS1

This study suggests that rural reigonal councils have greater support among public officials for continuing current program activities and services than their urban counterparts. It also suggests, however, that rural regionalism may have a better chance of survival in states where regional councils have a long history of service to local governments, especially in light of present federal cutbacks. Study results contrast Georgia and Michigan regional councils.
Kinetics of Aggregation of Denatured Proteins I: Methodology Based on the Multichannel Particle Size Analyzer

The purpose of this study was to develop a method for studying the kinetics and the mechanisms of aggregation of denatured protein particles. It was found that a procedure based on the RIDL multichannel particle counter and size analyzer system was suitable. The precipitation behavior of urea denatured ovalbumin was studied near its isoelectric point. An evaluation of the data showed that the Smoluchowski theory for rapid aggregation of monodispersed particles and the self-preservation theory satisfactorily accounted for the results.
Ecological Dissonance and Organizational Climate

Using some of the principles of cognitive dissonance theory, a theoretical corollary to Barker's 1968 ecological theory was developed. The result, referred to as ecological dissonance, was proposed as a theoretical explanation for several of the phenomena associated with the concept of organizational climate. The theory was also offered as an explanation of behaviors that can result from the introduction of stringent penalties for such offenses as driving-under-the-influence.
Development of heart cells in culture: Studies using an affinity purified antibody to a myosin light chain

Cultured neonatal rat heart cells can be used to study the factors that regulate cardiac contractility and myocyte development in vitro. An antibody to the 26,000 dalton light chain of myosin (MLC1), has been produced and purified on a Sepharose 4B affinity column prepared with rat heart myosin. When primary cultures of myocytes are studied by indirect immunofluorescence using this antibody a predictable pattern of myofibrillar structure is observed to develop over 72 h. This myosin cytoskeleton is highly organized and the myosin fibrils exhibit cross striations. The antibody does not stain non-muscle heart cells and there is no evidence for myocyte division in culture. The qualitative immunofluorescent pattern of myosin organization is the same in both spontaneously beating and in non-contracting cells.
Neurologic toxicity associated with high-dose metronidazole therapy

Excerpt Special interest in hypoxic-cell radiation sensitizers and their potential application in the treatment of malignant tumors has been stimulated by the report of Urtasun and associates (1) o...
The grading of soft tissue sarcomas results of a clinicohistopathologic correlation in a series of 163 cases

A multidisciplinary study of 163 patients treated at the NCI for soft tissue sarcomas allowed the correlation of a number of histologic features (histologic type, mitosis, necrosis, pleomorphism, cellularity, and matrix) of the primary lesion to time to recurrence and overall survival of the patients. The results of the stratified analyses show that necrosis is the single best histopathologic parameter to predict the time to recurrence (P = 0.025) and the overall survival of the patients (P = 0.002). Necrosis in the primary lesion is also of value in predicting survival after the first recurrence has taken place (P = 0.001). The value of necrosis in the primary lesions predicting the clinical course after recurrence appears to be independent of age, sex, location, and size of the tumor. The authors propose a grading system based on histologic typing and histologic parameters to identify a group of lesions with minimal metastatic potential (Grade 1), and on the use of necrosis to distinguish between aggressive lesions with good patient survival (Grade 2) and aggressive lesions with poor patient survival (Grade 3).
A tightly regulated inducible expression system utilizing the fim inversion recombination switch

The fim inversion system of Escherichia coli (E. coli) can behave as a unidirectional switch in an efficient manner. We have developed a new expression system for E. coli, comprising the arabinose-inducible fimE gene and the fim invertible DNA segment containing a constitutively active promoter. In this system, the target gene is cloned with the promoter in the OFF orientation, resulting in no transcribed product. When induced by arabinose, the active promoter is switched to the ON orientation via FimE-catalyzed DNA inversion, and the gene is expressed. Our expression system exhibited very tightly controlled basal expression and high induced expression, with simple induction by inexpensive arabinose. These characteristics make our system suitable for large-scale expression or for production of toxic proteins.
Problems in reconstruction of fossil anatomy and locomotor behaviour: The Dryopithecus elbow complex

Abstract Problems in reconstruction of Dryopithecus elbow anatomy are presented. The articular surfaces in the Dryopithecus elbow complex are missing in fossil specimens with the exception of the D. (Proconsul) africanus distal humerus and movement capabilities must be reconstructed (KNM-RU2036). Particular attention is paid to the anatomical relationships of the capitulum and the bi-epicondylar breadth. Lacking structure of the joint surfaces and data concerning the direction and range of joint movements in most taxa, interpretation of associated inferred positional behaviour is premature.
Reader response theory and the problem of meaning

If we accept the idea that the literary experience lies in the mind of the reader, in the transaction between the reader and the book, then teachers must adjust their instructional goals and teaching practices. The curriculum must also be reconceived to deal with this approach to literature, particularly in the selection of texts.
The promise and pitfalls of monoclonal antibody therapeutics.

Abstract Recent experience has helped to clarify the best ways to use monoclonal antibodies to solve clinical problems. For example, imaging based on tumor antigens, rather than tumor size, will permit early detection of cancer and accurate staging. Blocking receptor—ligand interactions may permit therapeutic intervention in cell growth or function but activity may depend on the choice of an antiligand or antireceptor strategy. Humanized antibodies will achieve greater intensity and duration of therapy, while allowing repeat administration in chronic diseases.
Adolescent gain in positive valence of a socially relevant stimulus: engagement of the mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry.

A successful transition from childhood to adulthood requires adolescent maturation of social information processing. The neurobiological underpinnings of this maturational process remain elusive. This research employed the male Syrian hamster as a tractable animal model for investigating the neural circuitry involved in this critical transition. In this species, adult and juvenile males display different behavioral and neural responses to vaginal secretions, which contain pheromones essential for expression of sexual behavior in adulthood. These studies tested the hypothesis that vaginal secretions acquire positive valence over adolescent development via remodeling of neural circuits underlying sexual reward. Sexually naive adult, but not juvenile, hamsters showed a conditioned place preference for vaginal secretions. Differences in behavioral response to vaginal secretions between juveniles and adults correlated with a difference in the vaginal secretion-induced neural activation pattern in mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry. Fos immunoreactivity increased in response to vaginal secretions in the medial amygdala and ventral tegmental dopaminergic cells of both juvenile and adult males. However, only in adults was there a Fos response to vaginal secretions in non-dopaminergic cells in interfascicular ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens core and infralimbic medial prefrontal cortex. These results demonstrate that a socially relevant chemosensory stimulus acquires the status of an unconditioned reward during adolescence, and that this adolescent gain in social reward is correlated with experience-independent engagement of specific cell groups in reward circuitry.
Population-Based Analysis of the Impact of Expanding the Time Window for Acute Stroke Treatment

Background and Purpose— Currently, a major focus on expanding acute ischemic stroke treatment opportunities centers on the development of drugs and devices with longer time windows for use. We sought to determine the time intervals within which stroke patients present to establish whether time window expansion will translate into more treatment. Methods— Data were derived from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi project, a population-based stroke surveillance study in an urban, southeast Texas county. This community does not contain an academic medical center, thus providing a “real-world” setting to capture patient arrival times. Onset time was recorded from the chart according to a prespecified methodology. Results— From January 2000 to June 2005, 2347 patients with acute ischemic stroke were validated. The mean age was 71 years, and 53% were female. Thirty-one percent presented within 3 hours of symptom onset; 13% between 3 and 6 hours; and 15% between 6 and 12 hours. Forty-one percent pres...
Theoretical investigation of particles having directionally dependent absorption cross section

Examined here are a class of particles that possess highly anisotropic absorption cross sections. The particles are in the form of an eccentrically stratified sphere in which a relatively small, highly absorbing sphere is located against the interior surface of a larger, nonabsorbing sphere. For this configuration the nonabsorbing sphere can act essentially as a lens and focus radiation onto the absorbing sphere. Using an exact solution to Maxwell's wave equations, the directionally-dependent absorption cross sections of the particle are predicted for refractive indices of common absorbing and nonabsorbing materials and radiative size parameters ranging from 5 to 50. Under certain conditions, the absorption cross section of the particle can be extremely sensitive to the direction of the incident radiation. Placing the absorber opposite the point of incidence can result in an absorption cross section that is two orders of magnitude greater than its isolated, single-particle value, yet for incident angles as little as 20 deg removed from the focused condition, the absorption becomes comparable to or smaller than the isolated value. Factors that optimize the absorption anisotropy and the implications with regard to radiative transfer are discussed.
Parameter estimation technique for boundary value problems by spline collocation method

A parameter estimation technique for boundary integral equations of the second kind is developed. The output least-squares-identification technique using the spline collocation method is considered. The convergence analysis for the numerical method is discussed. The results are applied to boundary parameter estimations for two-dimensional Laplace and Helmholtz equations. >
Measurement of muscle microvascular oxygen pressures: compartmentalization of phosphorescent probe.

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the phosphorescent probe Oxyphor R2 (a palladium porphyrin dendrimer) becomes extravasated within normotensive skeletal muscle, R2 perfusion and washout studies were performed using a perfused rat hindlimb preparation. METHODS Phosphorescence signals were monitored in tibialis anterior muscles after 35 min of R2 blood perfusion and across a subsequent washout period that included vasodilation (sodium nitroprusside, SNP, approximately 3 x 10(-2) M). RESULTS Two responses were evident: Group 1 (n = 4)--Inflowing blood pressure and vascular conductance remained stable close to initial values and subsequently a marked vasodilation was evident with SNP (vascular conductance; R2 blood perfusion, 0.096 +/- 0.005; washout, pre-SNP, 0.085 +/- 0.005, post-SNP, 0.110 +/- 0.005 mL/min/mmHg, p <.05, for pre- vs. post-SNP). Baseline phosphorescence signals could be monitored up to 99 +/- 36 s post-SNP when the phosphorescence signal disappeared. For these muscles, palladium content was undetectable. Group 2 (n = 3)--Inflowing blood pressure increased 112% and vascular conductance fell approximately 50%. These hindlimbs were unresponsive to SNP, phosphorescence signal was undiminished by washout and SNP, and muscles became edematous. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in normotensive muscle (i.e., Group 1 above), extravasation of phosphorescent probe R2 over 35 min of perfusion is insufficient to yield a detectable phosphorescence signal in skeletal muscle.
Nek8 Mutation Causes Overexpression of Galectin-1, Sorcin, and Vimentin and Accumulation of the Major Urinary Protein in Renal Cysts of jck Mice

The jck murine model, which results from a double point mutation in the nek8 gene, has been used to study the mechanism of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). The renal proteome of jck mice was characterized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Four newly identified proteins were found to accumulate in the kidneys of jck mice with polycystic kidney disease (PKD) compared with their wild-type littermates. The proteins galectin-1, sorcin, and vimentin were found to be induced 9-, 9-, and 25-fold, respectively, in the PKD proteome relative to the wild type. The identity of these proteins was established by peptide mass fingerprinting and de novo MS/MS sequencing of selected peptides. Up-regulation of these three proteins may be due to the nek8 mutation, and their function may be related to the signaling and structural processes in the primary cilium. Additionally a series of protein isoforms observed only in the ARPKD kidney was identified as the major urinary protein (MUP). Peptide sequencing demonstrated that the isoforms MUP1, MUP2, and MUP6 are contained in this series. The MUP series showed a number of male-specific isoforms and a phosphorylation of the entire series with an increasing degree of phosphorylation of the acidic isoforms. In addition, the MUP series was localized to the cyst fluid of PKD mice, and a cellular mislocalization of galectin-1, sorcin, and vimentin in PKD tubular epithelial cells was shown. The abnormal and extremely high accumulation of the MUPs in the ARPKD kidney may be linked to a defect in protein transport and secretion. The discovery of these proteins will provide new information on the molecular and cellular processes associated with the mechanism of ARPKD.
Near Real-Time Fuel-Optimal En Route Conflict Resolution

In this paper, we consider the air-traffic conflict-resolution problem and develop an optimization model to identify the required heading and speed changes of aircraft to avoid conflict such that fuel costs are minimized. Nonconvex fuel functions in the optimization problem are modeled through tight linear approximations, which enable the formulation of the problem as a mixed-integer linear program. The significance of the developed model is that fuel-optimal conflict-resolution maneuvers can be identified in near real time, even for conflicts involving a large number of aircraft. Computational tests based on realistic air-traffic scenarios demonstrate that conflicts involving up to 15 aircraft can be solved in less than 10 s with an optimality gap of around 0.02%.
Superior-Subordinate Relationships: A Multiple Levels of Analysis Approach

Numerous explanations for understanding the nature of superior-subordinate relationships are available in the leadership literature. Although these arguments differ, a common feature is that each view is based implicitly on particular levels of analysis. The purpose of the current study was to conceptualize and test alternative perspectives of superior-subordinate relationships by explicitly incorporating multiple levels of analysis in hypothesis generation and testing. Data from matched reports of superiors and subordinates were analyzed using Within and Between Analysis (WABA). Results from a sample of retail sales associates and their supervisors indicated that on the dimensions of attention, job latitude, satisfaction with performance, and job congruence, superior-subordinate relationships differed from one interpersonal relationship to another. In a sample of insurance agents and their managers, however, findings indicated that there were individual differences on these dimensions for superiors and s...
Disaster Governance: Social, Political, and Economic Dimensions

Disaster governance is an emerging concept in the disaster research literature that is closely related to risk governance and environmental governance. Disaster governance arrangements and challenges are shaped by forces such as globalization, world-system dynamics, social inequality, and sociodemographic trends. Governance regimes are polycentric and multiscale, show variation across the hazards cycle, and tend to lack integration and to be formulated in response to particular large-scale disaster events. Disaster governance is nested within and influenced by overarching societal governance systems. Although governance failures can occur in societies with stable governance systems, as the governmental response to Hurricane Katrina shows, poorly governed societies and weak states are almost certain to exhibit deficiencies in disaster governance. State-civil society relationships, economic organization, and societal transitions have implications for disaster governance. Various measures can be employed to ...
The Yorktown Simulation Engine: Introduction

The Yorktown Simulation Engine (YSE) is a special-purpose, highly-parallel programmable machine for the gate-level simulation of logic. It can simulate up to one million gates at a speed of over two billion gate simulations per second; it is estimated that the IBM 3081 processor could have been simulated on the YSE at a rate of 1000 instructions per second. This is far beyond the capabilities of existing register-level software simulators. The YSE has been designed and is being constructed at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center. This paper introduces the YSE and describes its top-level architecture.
Degree theory beyond continuous maps

This is a report of joint work with H. Brezis to appear in Selecta Mathematica. Classical degree theory for maps from a smooth oriented manifold X, to another, Y, of the same dimension n, is defined for continuous maps. In recent years, in connection with certain variational problems, it has become of interest to extend degree theory to certain families of maps which need not be continuous. For simplicity, we consider only X, Y compact without boundary, Y connected. We also suppose that Y is smoothly embedded in some ℝ N . Then the degree of a map u at a point y, an integer, is independent of the point y, and may be written as deg(u, X, Y).
Convergence of partially asynchronous block quasi-Newton methods for nonlinear systems of equations

In this paper, a partially asynchronous block Broyden method is presented for solving nonlinear systems of equations of the form F(x)=0. Sucient conditions that guarantee its local convergence are given. In particular, local convergence is shown when the Jacobian F 0 (x )i s anH-matrix, where x is the zero point of F. The results are extended to Schubert’s method. A connection with discrete Schwarz alternating procedure is also shown. c 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Nanocellulose and Microcellulose Fibers for Concrete

A study was conducted in which a reactive powder concrete was reinforced with a combination of nanocellulose and microcellulose fibers to increase the toughness of an otherwise brittle material. These fibers could provide the benefit of other micro- and nanofiber reinforcement systems at a fraction of the cost. An empirical investigation into the effects of several different reinforcement schemes on processing parameters and mechanical properties of a reactive powder concrete mixture was conducted. In particular, notched-beam tests were performed under crack-mouth opening displacement control to measure fracture energy under stable crack-growth conditions. Preliminary results show that the addition of up to 3% micro- and nanofibers in combination increased the fracture energy by more than 50% relative to the unreinforced material, with little change in processing procedure. Splitting tensile tests were also performed for comparison with beam-bending tests. Current work focuses on applying high-resolution ...
Association of 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and inflammatory bowel disease activity: a meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: 6-Thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) levels have been proposed to correlate with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity among patients treated with azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). Previous studies, most with small sample sizes, yielded conflicting conclusions. Our aim was to pool the available data to provide a more precise estimate of the association between 6-TGN levels and IBD activity. Methods: We searched Medline and PubMed (from 1966 to November 2004) and reviewed the reference lists of selected articles. Fixed and random-effects models were used to test whether mean/median 6-TGN levels differed among patients with active disease vs remission and whether 6-TGN levels above a threshold of 230–260 pmol/8 × 10 8 red blood cells were associated with clinical remission. When studies reported multiple 6-TGN threshold values, we used the data for the lower value. Results: We identified 55 articles, 12 of which contained data sufficient for inclusion. The mean/median 6-TGN levels were higher among patients in remission than in those with active IBD (pooled difference, 66 pmol/8 × 10 8 red blood cells; 95% confidence interval, 18–113; P = .006), but with significant heterogeneity. Excluding the 1 outlier study eliminated this heterogeneity. Patients with 6-TGN levels above the threshold value were more likely to be in remission (62%) than those below the threshold value (36%) (pooled odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–6.3; P Conclusions: Although prior studies yielded inconsistent conclusions, this analysis strongly supports that higher 6-TGN levels are associated with clinical remission.
Histometric changes and cell death in the thalamus after neonatal neocortical injury in the rat

Freezing injury to the developing cortical plate results in a neocortical malformation resembling four-layered microgyria. Previous work has demonstrated that following freezing injury to the somatosensory cortex, males (but not females) have more small and fewer large cells in the medial geniculate nucleus. In the first experiment, we examined the effects of induced microgyria to the somatosensory cortex on neuronal numbers, neuronal size, and nuclear volume of three sensory nuclei: ventrobasal complex, dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, and medial geniculate nucleus. We found that there was a decrease in neuronal number and nuclear volume in ventrobasal complex of microgyric rats when compared with shams, whereas there were no differences in these variables in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus or medial geniculate nucleus. We also found that there were more small and fewer large neurons in both ventrobasal complex and medial geniculate nucleus. In experiment 2, we attempted to determine the role of cell death in the thalamus on these histometric measures. We found that cell death peaked within 24 h of the freezing injury and was concentrated mostly in ventrobasal complex. In addition, there was evidence of greater cell death in males at this age. Taken together, these results support the notion that males are more severely affected by early injury to the cerebral cortex than females.
CLIMATE AND HABITAT INFLUENCE PREVALENCE OF MENINGEAL WORM INFECTION IN NORTH DAKOTA, USA

Abstract The meningeal worm (Parelaphostrongylus tenuis) is a parasite of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and is also a significant pathogen of moose (Alces alces) and other ungulates. Changes in climate or habitat may facilitate range expansion or increase the prevalence of meningeal worm infection in white-tailed deer, resulting in increased exposure to susceptible ungulates. We examined 3,730 white-tailed deer during 2002–05 to determine the prevalence and range of meningeal worm infection in North Dakota, US, and investigated whether these had changed since earlier surveys. We used multiple logistic regression to model potential effects of habitat and climate on prevalence in white-tailed deer. We also examined how habitat influences intermediate hosts by comparing gastropod abundance and microclimate among habitat types. Prevalence in deer was 14% statewide, and prevalence and geographic range had increased since the early 1990s. Natural woodlands provided the best habitat for intermediate...
Drosophila UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase: sequence and characterization of an enzyme that distinguishes between denatured and native proteins.

Abstract A Drosophila UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase was isolated, cloned and characterized. Its 1548 amino acid sequence begins with a signal peptide, lacks any putative transmembrane domains and terminates in a potential endoplasmic reticulum retrieval signal, HGEL. The soluble, 170 kDa glycoprotein occurs throughout Drosophila embryos, in microsomes of highly secretory Drosophila Kc cells and in small amounts in cell culture media. The isolated enzyme transfers [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]Glc to several purified extracellular matrix glycoproteins (laminin, peroxidasin and glutactin) made by these cells, and to bovine thyroglobulin. These proteins must be denatured to accept glucose, which is bound at endoglycosidase H-sensitive sites. The unusual ability to discriminate between malfolded and native glycoproteins is shared by the rat liver homologue, previously described by A.J.Parodi and coworkers. The amino acid sequence presented differs from most glycosyltransferases. There is weak, though significant, similarity with a few bacterial lipopolysaccharide glycotransferases and a yeast protein Kre5p. In contrast, the 56-68% amino acid identities with partial sequences from genome projects of Caenorhabditis elegans, rice and Arabidopsis suggest widespread homologues of the enzyme. This glucosyltransferase fits previously proposed hypotheses for an endoplasmic reticular sensor of the state of folding of newly made glycoproteins.
Cost analysis and outcomes of a second‐look tympanoplasty‐mastoidectomy strategy for cholesteatoma

Objectives/Hypothesis To analyze cost and compare cholesteatoma recidivism and hearing outcomes with single-stage and second-look operative strategies. Study Design Retrospective review and cost analysis. Methods Adult and pediatric patients who underwent a tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma with a single-stage or second-look operative strategy were identified. Variables included procedure approach, residual or recurrent cholesteatoma, ossicular chain reconstruction frequency, and operative complications. Audiologic outcomes included pre-/postoperative air bone gap (ABG) and word recognition score (WRS). Cost analysis included charges for consultation and follow-up visits, surgical procedures, computed tomography temporal bone scans, and audiology visits. Results One hundred and six patients had a tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma, with 80 canal wall-up procedures (CWU) as initial approach. Of these, 46 (57.5%) CWU patients had a planned second look. Two (4.3%) CWU patients had recurrent cholesteatoma and 20 (43.4%) had residual identified at second look. Four (11.7%) single-stage CWU strategy patients developed recurrent cholesteatoma. There was no significant difference in pre-/postoperative ABG and WRS between second look and single stage (P > 0.05). Compared to second-look patients, single-stage patients had significantly fewer postoperative visits (6.32 vs. 10.4; P = 0.007), and significantly lower overall charges for care ($23,529. vs. $41.411; P < 0.0001). Conclusion The goal of cholesteatoma surgery is to produce a safe ear, and a second-look strategy after CWU has historically been used to evaluate for recurrent or residual disease. The cholesteatoma recurrence rate at a second look after a CWU tympanoplasty-mastoidectomy is low. Costs of operative procedures are a significant proportion of healthcare resource expenditures. Considering the low rate of cholesteatoma recurrence and relatively high cost of care, implementation of a second-look strategy should be individually tailored and not universally performed. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 2016
The Role of the Feet in Behavioral Thermoregulation of Hummingbirds

Diverses especes de Trochilidae cachent leurs pattes dans un duvet special du ventre lors de faibles temperatures ambiantes
Coefficients of the Characteristic Polynomial

(1987). Coefficients of the Characteristic Polynomial. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 31-33.
Why Some Patients Are Unhappy: Part 1. Relationship of Preoperative Nasal Deformity to Number of Operations and a History of Abuse or Neglect

Background:Trauma (neglect or abuse) can create body shame (different from body dissatisfaction), driving some patients to seek aesthetic surgery. We hypothesized that a trauma history would be related to the severity of the original deformity and the drive to undergo repeated operations.Methods:Des
Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on Clostridia in vitro and in vivo.

SummaryExposure of broth cultures of C. perfringens to air or oxygen at 15 pounds per square inch absolute (15 p.s.i.a.) or to oxygen at 30 p.s.i.a. resulted in a marked and equivalent bactericidal effect. Four hour cultures were more susceptible to the bactericidal action of oxygen than 24 hour cultures. The rate of inactivation of C. perjringens by oxygen was decreased by the presence of blood or muscle and was less at 25° than at 37dGC. Exposure to oxygen of C perjringens on the surfaces of agar plates resulted in inhibition of growth on subsequent incubation in an anaerobic environment. Four hour cultures were more susceptible to the inhibitory activity of oxygen than 24 hour cultures and presence of blood in the agar inhibited the antibacterial action of oxygen. Exposure of broth cultures of C. tetani to air or oxygen at 15 p.s.i.a, or to oxygen at 30 p.s.i.a., resulted in a bactericidal effect similar to that observed with C. perjringens.Mice injected intramuscularly in normal muscle with C. perjrin...
Sandhill Fen, an initial trial for wetland species assembly on in-pit substrates: lessons after three years.

Open-pit mining of oil sands removes wetland plant communities from the landscape. Sandhill Watershed, located on Syncrude Canada’s oil sands lease, is the first reclamation of a complex watershed ...
Salpingoscopy: an adjunctive technique for evaluation of the fallopian tube

The success of tubal surgery is dependent upon both the nature and extent of tubal damage as well as the expertise of the surgeon. The present study describes the new technique of salpingoscopy to further appraise the status of tubal health by examination of the endosalpinx, utilizing readily available equipment. There were no complications during salpingoscopy attributable to the endoscopic procedure itself, except for a minimal amount of bleeding occasionally noted on the tubal serosa at the site of forceps stabilization. A discordance of 23.5% was noted overall between the fimbrial appearance at surgery and salpingoscopic examination. This new technique of tubal evaluation may eventually help the reproductive surgeon to more accurately counsel the patient in the choice between tubal reconstructive surgery or IVF-ET, one of the most difficult decisions in reproductive surgery today.
Management of Renal Arterial Injuries Secondary to Penetrating Abdominal Trauma

Renal vascular injuries are found relatively frequently after non-penetrating abdominal trauma. Penetrating renal arterial lesions occur much less frequently, involving less than 5 per cent of all penetrating arterial injuries. The association of bowel and other organ injuries makes diagnosis and treatment somewhat complex. Four cases of penetrating renal arterial injuries were seen from January 1972 to June 1976. All patients had multiple bowel lacerations. All arrived in the emergency room in hypovolemic shock. Two patients were resuscitated and successfully treated. Three patients had complete transections and 1 had major branch transection. Two patients had an associated parenchymal lesion. One patient had a through-and-through ureteropelvic injury. Preoperative arteriography was not done because of vascular instability. Renal arterial injuries were suspected by loss of psoas shadow on abdominal x-rays and by retroperitoneal hematomas. Retroperitoneal hematomas were explored to eliminate the possibility of renal injury. Both of the patients operated upon attained good renal function after surgical repairs. Postoperative renal scans and arteriograms showed initially decreased function, which returned toward normal. Repair of renal arterial lesions is possible with good functional result. Preoperative arteriography, renographic scan or excretory urography is not justified routinely because of the seriousness of commonly associated injuries.
O-023 experimental testing of new generation of woven endobridge devices in elastase-induced aneurysms in rabbits

Purpose The Woven Endobridge (WEB) device (Sequent Medical, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA) is an intrasaccular, braided-wire embolization device designed to provide flow disruption along the aneurysm neck.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic performance of the newest designed WEB devices using rabbit aneurysm model. Methods Six Aliso WEB DL (Dual Layer with barrel configuration); six Aliso WEB SL (Single Layer with barrel configuration); and six Aliso WEB SLS (Single Layer Sphere with spherical configuration) were deployed in 18 elastase-inducedaneurysms in the rabbits and followedfor 3 months. Degree of aneurysm occlusion was graded on a 4-point scale from digital subtraction angiography (DSA): Grade 1, Complete Flow Cessation in which no flow of contrast into the neck or sac; Grade 2, Near Complete Flow Cessation in which no flow of contrast into the neck or sac but contrast fills in central area below the WEB; Grade 3, Incomplete Cessation in which some flow into the neck but no flow in the sac or WEB; Grade 4, Fully Patent Aneurysm in which flow into the sac and/or the WEB. Comparison of aneurysm occlusion was performed using a 3-point scale (stable, progressive and recanalization). All aneurysms were harvested for histologic analysis. Aneurysm sizes among groups using different devices were measured and analyzed using the Student’s t test. Results Mean aneurysm sizes among three groups were not significantly different (p Conclusion Progressive aneurysm occlusion can be achieved by using all the three types of devices. SLS may help to achieve complete aneurysm occlusion, especially in narrow neck aneurysms. Disclosures Y. Ding: None. D. Dai: None. D. Schroeder: None. R. Kadirvel: None. D. Kallmes: None.
Ultrasound-Guided Needle Biopsy for Diagnosis of Advanced-Stage Malignancies of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract.

ObjectiveTraditionally, direct laryngoscopy confirms stage and tissue diagnosis prior to treatment planning. Patients who are frail or have tenuous airway anatomy may incur risks while undergoing a...
Mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C-H bond activation of propene.

La(C3H4) and La(C3H6) are observed from the reaction of laser-vaporized La atoms with propene by photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and characterized by mass-analyzed threshold ionization spectroscopy. Two isomers of La(C3H4) are identified as methyl-lanthanacyclopropene [La(CHCCH3)] (Cs) and lanthanacyclobutene [La(CHCHCH2)] (C1); La(C3H6) is determined to be H—La(η3-allyl) (Cs), a C—H bond inserted species. All three metal-hydrocarbon radicals prefer a doublet ground state with a La 6s-based electron configuration. Ionization of the neutral doublet state of each of these radicals produces a singlet ion state by removing the La-based 6s electron. The threshold ionization allows accurate measurements of the adiabatic ionization energy of the neutral doublet state and metal-ligand and ligand-based vibrational frequencies of the neutral and ionic states. The formation of the three radicals is investigated by density functional theory computations. The inserted species is formed by La inserting...
Differences between teacher reports on universal risk assessments

AbstractSome universal behavioural screening processes require classroom teachers to complete a risk assessment measure on each student in their class, leading to a possible, but unexplored, problem: risk assessment scores may be influenced by the teacher completing the measure. The current study investigated whether teacher-reported risk assessment scores systematically differ between teachers and whether they differ across both deficit- and strengths-based risk assessment measures. Results from this study indicated that between 7.7 and 20.5% of the variance in risk assessment scores was attributable to between-teacher differences. These findings underscore the need to account for and control between-teacher differences in teacher-reported risk assessments.
Size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles on adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio)

The incidence of microplastics in marine environments has been increasing over the past several decades. The objective of the present study was to characterize the size- and shape-dependent effects of microplastic particles (spheres, fibers, and fragments) on the adult daggerblade grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Grass shrimp were exposed to 11 sizes of plastic: spheres (30, 35, 59, 75, 83, 116, and 165 μm), fragments (34 and 93 μm), and fibers (34 and 93 μm) at a concentration of 2000 particles/400 mL (= 50 000 particles/L) for 3 h. Following exposure, grass shrimp were monitored for survival, ingested and ventilated microplastics, and residence time. Mortality ranged from 0% to 55%. Spheres and fragments 50 μm ranged from 5% to 40%. Mortality was significantly higher in the exposure to 93-μm fibers than other sizes tested (p < 0.001). The shape of the particle had a significant influence on the number of particles ingested by the shrimp (p < 0.001). The residence time of particles in the gut ranged from 27 to 75 h, with an average of 43.0 ± 13.8 h. Within the gills, the residence time ranged from 27 to 45 h, with an average of 36.9 ± 5.4 h. The results suggest that microplastic particles of various sizes and shapes can be ingested and ventilated by adult daggerblade grass shrimp, resulting in acute toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3074-3080. © 2017 SETAC.
There and Back Again: A Case Study of Configuration Management of HPC

Configuration management is a critical tool in the management of large groups of computer systems which are vital to deployment of High Performance Computing (HPC). In this paper, we describe the history, architecture, overarching goals, and outcomes of various configuration management systems utilized in support of HPC at Purdue University. Additionally, we enumerate best practices of configuration management that have been discovered in the strongly iterative HPC environment at Purdue.
Wave Propagation and Long-Time Behavior on the Driven Sine-Gordon Chain

Model one-dimensional lattices have been an important tool in the study of nonlinear wave motion in solids1,2,3. A particular model is specified by the choice of a potential function (usually restricted to nearest neighbors). The free end of a semi-infinite chain (the piston particle) is driven into the lattice at fixed speed to simulate some external impulse. The motion of the piston particle induces the creation of a propagating wave front. In these systems, the wavefront has the nature of a kink or soliton in that its speed depends on its amplitude and it can propagate (more or less) independently of radiation (phonons). A particularly careful study has been made of the Toda chain3, the only known completely integrable lattice system. The dynamical behavior observed in the Toda chain is apparently generic to all of these hard-core nearest-neighbor lattices. At low piston particle speeds the asymptotic behavior of the chain is harmonic-oscillator-like in the sense that the particles eventually come to rest in the piston particle frame of reference. At high piston particle speeds (or equivalently large anharmonicity) The asymptotic dynamics is hard-rod-like in the sense that the oscillations in the piston particle frame of reference persist.
Correcting Calcium Dysregulation in Chronic Heart Failure Using SERCA2a Gene Therapy

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and is the leading cause of hospitalization for those over the age of 65, which is estimated to account for close to seventy billion dollars in healthcare costs by 2030 in the US alone. The successful therapies for preventing and reversing CHF progression are urgently required. One strategy under active investigation is to restore dysregulated myocardial calcium (Ca2+), a hallmark of CHF. It is well established that intracellular Ca2+ concentrations are tightly regulated to control efficient myocardial systolic contraction and diastolic relaxation. Among the many cell surface proteins and intracellular organelles that act as the warp and woof of the regulatory network controlling intracellular Ca2+ signals in cardiomyocytes, sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase type 2a (SERCA2a) undoubtedly plays a central role. SERCA2a is responsible for sequestrating cytosolic Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during diastole, allowing for efficient uncoupling of actin-myosin and subsequent ventricular relaxation. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the expression of SERCA2a is downregulated in CHF, which subsequently contributes to severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, restoring SERCA2a expression and improving cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling provides an excellent alternative to currently used transplantation and mechanical assist devices in the treatment of CHF. Indeed, advancements in safe and effective gene delivery techniques have led to the emergence of SERCA2a gene therapy as a potential therapeutic choice for CHF patients. This mini-review will succinctly detail the progression of SERCA2a gene therapy from its inception in plasmid and animal models, to its clinical trials in CHF patients, highlighting potential avenues for future work along the way.
Building a Knowledge Base for Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: Description and Specification of Metadata

We are all familiar with data. For example, if Jill Rogers is a particular employee and her hourly wage is $15.00/hr., then this fact (her hourly wage) is a piece of data. However, metadata is data about data. For example, the fact that the wage is expressed in dollars rather than francs is metadata. Metadata is typically the kind of data used by a database designer to design and implement a database (Tsichritzis & Lochovsky, 1982). There are other kinds of metadata, such as a requirement that every employee have an hourly wage greater than the minimum wage, which is data about the wage data of all employees. As an example for nematodes, the position of the vulva for a particular specimen is data. That the feature vulva position is given as a percentage of body length is metadata. So is the fact that the vulva is often visible under a dissecting microscope and that its position is very useful in identifying promorphs and nests (Fortuner, 1989).
Inhaled Asbestos Fibers Produce Complement-Derived Chemotactic Factor(s) on Alveolar Surfaces

Pulmonary macrophages accumulate at sites of initial asbestos fiber deposition at the alveolar level in animals and participate in the development of an early interstitial lesion. Now we demonstrate a chemotactic factor for macrophages in proteins lavaged from the lungs of asbestos-exposed rats. In addition, rats treated with cobra venom factor as well as complement-deficient mice exhibit significant diminution of macrophage accumulation at sites of asbestos deposition. These findings support our hypothesis that inhaled asbestos fibers activate a complement-dependent chemotactic factor for macrophages on alveolar surfaces.
Maximal Antichain Lattice Algorithms for Distributed Computations

The lattice of maximal antichains of a distributed computation is generally much smaller than its lattice of consistent global states. We show that a useful class of predicates can be detected on the lattice of maximal antichains instead of the lattice of consistent cuts obtaining significant (exponential for many cases) savings. We then propose new online and offline algorithms to construct and enumerate the lattice of maximal antichains. Previously known algorithm by Nourine and Raynoud [NR99, NR02] to construct the lattice takes O(n 2 m) time where n is the number of events in the computation, and m is the size of the lattice of maximal antichains. The algorithm by Jourdan, Rampon and Jard [JRJ94] takes O((n + w 2)wm) time where w is the width of the computation. All these algorithms assume as input the lattice of maximal antichains prior to the arrival of a new event. We present a new online incremental algorithm, OLMA, that computes the newly added elements to the lattice without requiring the prior lattice. Since the lattice may be exponential in the size of the computation, we get a significant reduction in the space complexity. The OLMA algorithm takes O(mw 2 logw L ) time and O(w L w logn) space where w L is the width of the lattice of maximal antichains. The lower space complexity makes our algorithm applicable for online global predicate detection in a distributed system. For the purposes of analyzing offline traces, we also propose new enumeration algorithms to traverse the lattice.