cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Twice a day quadruple therapy (bismuth subsalicylate, tetracycline, metronidazole plus lansoprazole) for treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection

Background: Quadruple therapy (bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline (BMT) + proton pump inhibitor) is touted as being >95% effective, regardless of metronidazole resistance. We tested a 10-day b.d. quadruple therapy for treatment of H. pylori infection. Methods: Anti-H. pylori therapy consisted of lansoprazole 15 mg b.d. plus tetracycline 500 mg b.d., metronidazole 500 mg b.d., and swallowable Pepto-Bismol caplets (2 b.d.) for 10 days. H. pylori status was evaluated by culture and histology before and 4 or more weeks after therapy. Results: The cure rate for intention-to-treat was 70%. Treatment success was calculated overall and separately in relation to antimicrobial resistance patterns. The cure rate among the metronidazole-sensitive isolates was 89.7% (26 of 29) vs. 41.2% (7 of 17) of the metronidazole-resistant isolates (P < 0.005). Moderate (n = 1) or severe (n = 3) side-effects were experienced in four patients with only one withdrawing because of side-effects. Conclusion: Twice a day quadruple therapy is effective for metronidazole-sensitive strains but its usefulness is markedly reduced by the presence of pre-treatment metronidazole resistance. Twice a day quadruple therapy can be recommended in locations where background metronidazole resistance is uncommon. Possibly, 14-day therapy or a higher dosage of metronidazole provide better results with metronidazole-resistant H. pylori.
Thin films of nylon 13,13 casted on water: Morphology and properties

Substrate-free thin film of Nylon 13,13 has been prepared continuously by casting the polymer on a water surface from m-cresol solution. The uniform thickness of film is ca. 500 A, as measured with a Profilometer. Film morphology and properties have been characterized by transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry and by contact angle measurements. Results show that there is no preferential accumulation of the amide group toward the water surface. A spherulite structure exists in this film with a crystallinity of 26% by DSC. Fibers were drawn from the films which had a tensile modulus of 5 GPa, stiffer than reported for this nylon as prepared by other means. Other members of the nylon series, such as Nylon 6, Nylon 12, have also been prepared in films by the same casting method under modified conditions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Elitist Naturalistic Fallacy and the Automatic-Controlled Continuum

Although a focus on individual differences can help resolve issues concerning performance errors and computational complexity, the understanding/acceptance axiom is inadequate for establishing which decision norms are most appropriate. The contribution of experience to automatic and controlled processes suggests difficulties in attributing interactional intelligence to goals of evolutionary rationality and analytic intelligence to goals of instrumental rationality.
Ion Pump Operation on a 5.5 MeV and 12 MeV Van de Graaff Accelerator

An improved vacuum system, using combined Ion and Cryo-pumping techniques has been successfully used on Van de Graaff accelerator beam tubes. The pumping through-put of the Ion pumps has proved more than adequate in handling tube discharges. Base pressures are in the mid 10-7 torr range, while operating pressures have been improved by factors of 2-9 over Hg. diffusion pumped systems. System maintenance has been virtually eliminated. This paper describes Ion pump starting techniques, roughing systems and characteristic operation of Ion pumping and combined Ion and Cryo-pumping on a C.N. and E.N. accelerator.
Insights into transcriptional changes that accompany organelle sequestration from the stolen nucleus of Mesodinium rubrum

Organelle retention is a form of mixotrophy that allows organisms to reap metabolic benefits similar to those of photoautotrophs through capture of algal prey and sequestration of their plastids. Mesodinium rubrum is an abundant and broadly distributed photosynthetic marine ciliate that steals organelles from cryptophyte algae, such as Geminigera cryophila. M. rubrum is unique from most other acquired phototrophs because it also steals a functional nucleus that facilitates genetic control of sequestered plastids and other organelles. We analyzed changes in G. cryophila nuclear gene expression and transcript abundance after its incorporation into the cellular architecture of M. rubrum as an initial step towards understanding this complex system. We compared Illumina-generated transcriptomes of the cryptophyte Geminigera cryophila as a free-living cell and as a sequestered nucleus in M. rubrum to identify changes in protein abundance and gene expression. After KEGG annotation, proteins were clustered by functional categories, which were evaluated for over- or under-representation in the sequestered nucleus. Similarly, coding sequences were grouped by KEGG categories/pathways, which were then evaluated for over- or under-expression via read count strategies. At the time of sampling, the global transcriptome of M. rubrum was dominated (~58–62 %) by transcription from its stolen nucleus. A comparison of transcriptomes from free-living G. cryophila cells to those of the sequestered nucleus revealed a decrease in gene expression and transcript abundance for most functional protein categories within the ciliate. However, genes coding for proteins involved in photosynthesis, oxidative stress reduction, and several other metabolic pathways revealed striking exceptions to this general decline. Major changes in G. cryophila transcript expression after sequestration by M. rubrum and the ciliate’s success as a photoautotroph imply some level of control or gene regulation by the ciliate and at the very least reflect a degree of coordination between host and foreign organelles. Intriguingly, cryptophyte genes involved in protein transport are significantly under-expressed in M. rubrum, implicating a role for the ciliate’s endomembrane system in targeting cryptophyte proteins to plastid complexes. Collectively, this initial portrait of an acquired transcriptome within a dynamic and ecologically successful ciliate highlights the remarkable cellular and metabolic chimerism of this system.
Evidence That Marginal Zone B Cells Possess an Enhanced Secretory Apparatus and Exhibit Superior Secretory Activity

Marginal zone B (MZB) cells are the first splenic B cells to initiate Ab secretion against polysaccharide-encapsulated Ags in vivo. This swift MZB cell response can be reproduced in vitro as LPS treatment induces Ab secretion in as little as 12 h. Conversely, in vitro LPS treatment of splenic follicular B (FOB) cells results in Ab secretion after 2-3 days. The basis for these distinct response kinetics is not understood. We performed ex vivo analysis of resting and LPS-stimulated murine MZB and FOB cells and found that MZB cells express higher levels of the LPS TLR complex RP105/MD-1 and respond to much lower concentrations of LPS than do FOB cells. Furthermore, increasing doses of LPS do not accelerate the kinetics by which FOB cells transition into Ab secretion. Ultrastructural analysis of resting cells demonstrated that rough endoplasmic reticulum is more abundant in MZB cells than in FOB cells. Additionally, RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses revealed that numerous endoplasmic reticulum resident chaperones and folding enzymes are expressed at greater levels in resting MZB cells than in resting FOB cells. Although both LPS-stimulated MZB and FOB cells increase expression of these factors, MZB cells exhibit a more rapid increase that correlates with accelerated kinetics of Ab secretion and higher per cell output of secreted IgM. These data indicate that MZB cells are equipped for exquisite sensitivity to bacterial components like LPS and poised for rapid, robust Ab production, making MZB cells ideally suited as frontline defenders in humoral immunity.
The FKBP52 Cochaperone Acts in Synergy with β-Catenin to Potentiate Androgen Receptor Signaling

FKBP52 and β-catenin have emerged in recent years as attractive targets for prostate cancer treatment. β-catenin interacts directly with the androgen receptor (AR) and has been characterized as a co-activator of AR-mediated transcription. FKBP52 is a positive regulator of AR in cellular and whole animal models and is required for the development of androgen-dependent tissues. We previously characterized an AR inhibitor termed MJC13 that putatively targets the AR BF3 surface to specifically inhibit FKBP52-regulated AR signaling. Predictive modeling suggests that β-catenin interacts with the AR hormone binding domain on a surface that overlaps with BF3. Here we demonstrate that FKBP52 and β-catenin interact directly in vitro and act in concert to promote a synergistic up-regulation of both hormone-independent and -dependent AR signaling. Our data demonstrate that FKBP52 promotes β-catenin interaction with AR and is required for β-catenin co-activation of AR activity in prostate cancer cells. MJC13 effectively blocks β-catenin interaction with the AR LBD and the synergistic up-regulation of AR by FKBP52 and β-catenin. Our data suggest that co-regulation of AR by FKBP52 and β-catenin does not require FKBP52 PPIase catalytic activity, nor FKBP52 binding to Hsp90. However, the FKBP52 proline-rich loop that overhangs the PPIase pocket is critical for synergy.
Health promotion for people with disabilities: development and evaluation of the Living Well with a Disability program

People with disabilities can benefit from health promotion opportunities to reduce the incidence and severity of secondary conditions that further limit their participation in society. This paper describes participatory action research (PAR) methods we used to develop, implement and evaluate the Living Well with a Disability program. Community-based agencies that provide information and referral services to people with disabilities (independent living centers funded under Title VII, Rehabilitation Act) recruited a convenience sample of 246 people with mobility impairments to participate in a randomly assigned, wait-list control health promotion intervention study. Paper-and-pencil outcome measures included the secondary conditions surveillance instrument, unhealthy days and health care utilization. Logistic regression on outcomes controlling for demographic variables and pre-test measures indicated reductions in all three outcome variables. People with mobility impairments who participated in the Living Well with a Disability program reported less limitation from secondary conditions, fewer unhealthy days and less health care utilization. PAR methods are particularly important to design useful interventions for this population.
To Test or Not to Test, That Is the Question

Physicians’ primary responsibility has always been to provide the best care for their individual patients, but the proliferation of modern tests and treatments has complicated their task. With so many options, it is often hard during an office visit to know whether to order a test and what to do with the results. And the ever-rising cost of health care makes patient management even more complicated because physicians must also choose wisely and not waste societal resources.1 Although the plight of the physician is not as fraught as Hamlet’s, modern physicians do have difficult decisions about optimal selection of tests and treatments. Article see p 276 Whether or not to order a test is a question that cuts across diseases and specialties. Tests provide information that might be important or might be irrelevant, depending on the clinical context. In caring for an individual patient, the question is whether the information from the test might change a clinical decision. In their classic analysis of whether to test or not in choosing a treatment, Pauker and Kassirer2 showed that when patients have a high chance of benefiting from treatment, the optimal strategy is simply to treat without doing a test, whereas for patients with a low chance of benefiting from treatment, the optimal strategy is to neither test nor treat. However, for patients in whom the chance of benefitting from treatment is intermediate, the optimal strategy is to obtain a test and use the results to choose to treat or not. The precise range of this intermediate probability sweet spot for testing depends on the benefits, harms, and costs of the disease, the treatment, and the test. This conceptual framework …
Continuous Profiles of Electromagnetic Wave Velocity and Water Content in Glaciers: An Example from Bench Glacier, Alaska, USA

We conducted two-dimensional continuous multi-offset georadar surveys on Bench Glacier, south-central Alaska, USA, to measure the distribution of englacial water. We acquired data with a multichannel 25 MHz radar system using transmitter-receiver offsets ranging from 5 to 150 m. We towed the radar system at 5-10 km h -1 with a snow machine with transmitter/receiver positions established by geodetic-grade kinematic differentially corrected GPS (nominal 0.5 m trace spacing). For radar velocity analyses, we employed reflection tomography in the pre-stack depth-migrated domain to attain an estimated 2% velocity uncertainty when averaged over three to five wavelengths. We estimated water content from the velocity structure using the complex refractive index method equation and use a three-phase model (ice, water, air) that accounts for compression of air bubbles as a function of depth. Our analysis produced laterally continuous profiles of glacier water content over several kilometers. These profiles show a laterally variable, stratified velocity structure with a low-water- content (� 0-0.5%) shallow layer (� 20-30 m) underlain by high-water-content (1-2.5%) ice.
Long-term consequences of Sox9 depletion on inner ear development

The transcription factor Sox9 has been implicated in inner ear formation in several species. To investigate the long-term consequences of Sox9 depletion on inner ear development we analyzed the inner ear architecture of Sox9-depleted Xenopus tadpoles generated by injection of increasing amounts of Sox9 morpholino antisense oligonucleotides. We found that Sox9-depletion resulted in major defects in the development of vestibular structures, semicircular canals and utricle, while the ventrally located saccule was less severely affected in these embryos. Consistent with this phenotype, we observed a specific loss of the dorsal expression of Wnt3a expression in the otic vesicle of Sox9 morphants, associated with an increase in cell death and a reduction in cell proliferation in the region of the presumptive otic epithelium. We propose that, in addition to its early role in placode specification, Sox9 is also required for the maintenance of progenitors in the otic epithelium. Developmental Dynamics 239:1102–1112, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Need to Emphasize Nephrology Knowledge in Residents-in-Training.

Background: Chronic kidney disease is an increasingly prevalent health problem with the potential for poor outcome of end-stage renal disease. Hospitalized critically ill patients are prone to acute renal injury from numerous factors such as poor renal perfusion secondary to ischemia and hypotension, nephrotoxin exposure, and intravenous contrast exposure. Aims: We set to explore resident awareness and knowledge about chronic kidney disease management, timely nephrology referrals, preventing inadvertent acute kidney injury (AKI), and the understanding of basic electrolyte physiology. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire survey of internal medicine, Medicine/Pediatrics and Family Medicine residents in the United States to determine the knowledge of residents during their training about nephrology. Results: The survey questionnaire was sent out to 270 residents. Forty-seven (17%) respondents completed the survey. Out of them, 57% of the residents chose to refer a patient with an estimated glomerular filtration rate 2 to a nephrologist; 66% felt that it was safe to use aspirin in stage IV chronic kidney disease; 82% did not want to use metformin or Lovenox in stage IV chronic kidney disease; 87% answered that they would make the patient resume angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) about 48-72 h after contrast exposure. Only 7.5% decided to hold angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/ARBs before contrast exposure. Meanwhile, 70% correctly identified the efferent arteriole as the site of action of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors/ARBs and 76% identified nitrofurantoin as a contraindication in renal insufficiency. Conclusion: Residency offers a golden opportunity for resident physicians to create a strong foundation of concepts in medicine. There are several basic areas in the field of nephrology that need to be further emphasized during residency training to help improve patient care and potentially decrease the incidence of AKI.
Usefulness of Asymptotic Distributions in the Classical Occupancy Problem

Approximations to the distribution of a discrete random variable originating from the classical occupancy problem are explored. The random variable X of interest is defined to be how many of N elements selected by or assigned to K individuals when each of the N elements is equally likely to be chosen by or assigned to any of the K individuals. Assuming that N represents the number of cells and each of the K individuals is placed in exactly one of the cells, X can also be defined as the number of cells occupied by the Kindividuals. In the literature, various asymptotic results for the distributions of X and (N − X) are given; however, no guidelines are specified with respect to their utilization. In this article, these approximations are explored for various values of K and N, and rules of thumb are given for their appropriate use.
Charged particle therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a commentary on a recently published meta-analysis.

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to increase worldwide. HCC represents the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for 745,000 deaths per year (1). While there are effective curative treatments for HCC, including orthotopic liver transplantation, resection, or radiofrequency ablation for small tumors, the majority of patients are not candidates for these therapies due to tumor size, multifocality, vascular invasion, or poor baseline hepatobiliary function.
Papular acantholytic dyskeratosis of the genitocrural area: A rare unilateral asymptomatic intertrigo.

Papular acantholytic dyskeratosis (PAD) of the genitocrural area is a rarely reported skin disorder in women and even less frequently reported in men. We present a case of PAD localized to the inguinal fold of a 78-year-old man. PAD should be added to the differential diagnosis of intertrigo.
Pressure Surge Attenuation Utilizing an Air Chamber

An investigation of the effect of a single air chamber on the propagation of a pressure surge in a line is carried out. The pressure surge is generated by rapid closure of a downstream valve. Both a distributed parameter wave analysis and a lumped parameter slug flow analysis are formulated to describe the transient flow situation. It is shown that short term effects, which are not predicted by a lumped parameter analysis, may be important, and that the magnitude of the short term surge may be many times greater than that predicted by a lumped parameter analysis. It is further shown that an optimum design of an air chamber is possible, and this is dependent on short term effects. Experiments are conducted which are in close agreement with predicted results. It is pointed out that the performance of an air chamber must be evaluated relative to a specific application and that an accurate transient analysis is necessary and can be accomplished utilizing the approach described herein.
One-Equation Transition Closure for Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models in CFD

A method is presented to reduce the order of the Langtry-Menter transition model by replacing the transport equation containing the transition criterion with a locally-defined algebraic correlation. The new method has the same applicability and generality as the original form of the model, and test cases run in OVERFLOW for the S809 and E387 airfoils show that comparable accuracy is achieved. The primary validation cases use the twoequation SST model as the underlying turbulence model, as this was used in the original model. A method is presented for using the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model with the transition closure models, but the results were found to be very dependent on free-stream conditions. The overall applicability of the transition models to one-equation turbulence models is discussed, and goals for future development are listed. Nomenclature a1 = SST modeling constant Cp = pressure coefficient cd = section profile-drag coefficient cl
Coherence, ionization, and recombination in a microwave field

An amplitude-modulated near-infrared laser pulse synchronized to a 14-GHz microwave field is used to excite atoms to the vicinity of the ionization limit at specific phases of the microwave field. When the laser is tuned above and below the ionization limit, phase-dependent modulation is observed in the recombination and ionization, respectively. The phase-dependent modulation is 10% of the total excitation, far greater than the 0.1% modulation observed with single-picosecond laser pulse excitation, and in agreement with calculations based on coherent excitation over several microwave cycles [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 013001 (2005)].
Microvascular Decompression Surgery for Disabling Positional Vertigo and Tinnitus

Disabling positional vertigo (DPV) and some forms of tinnitus can be treated successfully with microvascular decompression (MVD) of the root of the auditory-vestibular nerve. These two diseases have many different forms and the operation is more complex than MVD for trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm. Success of DPV depends on correct selection of candidates for the treatments. In a study of 41 patients operated upon for severe DPV, 73.2 % were totally free of DPV symptoms or experienced significant improvements that allowed them to return to nearly normal life, 4.9 % had minor relief of symptoms, and 22 % had no noticeable improvement. Other studies have shown that treatment with medications of the benzodiazepine family such as Valium is effective in some individuals who have DPV symptoms.
Correlation of Talar Anatomy and Subtalar Joint Alignment on Weightbearing Computed Tomography With Radiographic Flatfoot Parameters.

Background:Underlying bony deformity may be related to development of adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD). Multiplanar weightbearing (MP-WB) computed tomography can be used to identify subtalar deformity which may contribute to valgus hindfoot alignment. On coronal MP-WB images, 2 angles reliably evaluate the subtalar joint axis: the angle between the inferior facet of the talus and the horizontal (inftal-hor) and the angle between the inferior and superior facets of the talus (inftal-suptal). Although these angles have been shown to differ significantly between flatfoot patients and controls, no study has investigated their relationships with other components of AAFD. We hypothesized that these angles would correlate strongly with commonly used radiographic measures of AAFD.Methods:Forty-five patients with stage II AAFD and 17 control patients underwent MP-WB imaging and standard weightbearing radiographs. MP-WB measurements were correlated with standard radiographic measurements of AAFD. Difference...
Stochastic energy management in distribution grids

Variabilities of renewable energy sources critically challenge contemporary power distribution grids. Depending on grid conditions, solar energy may have to be curtailed to comply with network limitations. On the other hand, smart inverters installed with solar panels enable for reactive power support at fast response rates. Existing energy management schemes may not efficiently integrate intermittent generation. Inherent operational flexibilities, such as flexible voltage regulation margins and instantaneous inverter or distribution line overloading could be judiciously exploited. To that end, an ergodic energy management framework is put forth calling for joint control of active and reactive power using smart inverters. Although tighter operational constraints are enforced in an average sense, looser margins are satisfied at all times. A stochastic dual subgradient solver is devised using an approximate linearized grid model. The algorithm is distributionfree, and enjoys provable convergence. Numerical tests on a 56-bus distribution feeder demonstrate that the novel scheme yields lower energy cost upon its deterministic counterpart.
IEEE 802.16j-Based Multihop Relays for Future Performance Enhancement of Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications Systems (AeroMACS)

The Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communication Systems (AeroMACS) has already been deployed in nine major US airports. This technology is used to support fixed and mobile ground-to-ground applications and services. In this article it is demonstrated that IEEE 802.16j-amendment-based WiMAX is most feasible for future enhancement of AeroMACS networks. Perhaps the most important benefit of application of multihop relays in AeroMACS is the flexible, power efficient, and cost-effective radio range extension into severely shadowed airport areas. Multihop relay operational modes are discussed. The key concept of “multihop gain,” which explains how multihop relays enable performance enhancement in AeroMACS networks, is introduced. Under a reasonable set of assumptions, multihop gain is quantified in the form of an equation that provides a raw measure of this gain in Decibel.
Project permitting, finance, and economics for geothermal power generation

Abstract Geothermal energy projects currently play an important regional role in generating base load power. Siting these projects and obtaining financing for them are competitive and demanding processes, with multiple requirements and costs at each step. Adding useful, cost-effective geothermal power depends on obtaining proper financing and controlling sites that have access to subsurface heat and water flow and are reasonably close to transmission facilities. Developers, policy-makers and regulators must collaborate and direct investment in system designs in order to maximize the value of geothermal energy in a combination of replacement and/or augmentation of existing base load capacity or to create greenhouse gas or renewable energy credits tradeable values. Obtaining a clear understanding of the financing and economic characteristics of the marketplace is critical for proper development of this technology.
Luminescent Covalent Organic Frameworks Containing a Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Distribution of Dehydrobenzoannulene Vertex Units

Finding new ways to construct crystalline multiple-component covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has become an important focus. Herein we report the synthesis of three novel COFs containing a homogeneous and heterogeneous distribution of π-conjugated dehydrobenzoannulene (DBA) vertex units. The COFs were synthesized by reacting different ratios of C3-symmetric DBA catechol monomers with C2-symmetric pyrene-2,7-diboronic acid (PDBA) to yield three COFs, Py-DBA-COF 1, Py-DBA-COF 2, and Py-MV-DBA-COF. All three materials are highly crystalline and display unique luminescent properties in the solid state.
Truth in the Shadow of Justice

This chapter examines four innovative truth-seeking initiatives, defined as strategies to investigate, document, and publicize information about the recent war that are underway in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis draws on findings from a qualitative study of civil society organizations looking for alternatives to courts in order to ensure accountability, improve survivor well-being, and prevent future violence. These initiatives reveal that civil society organizations increasingly focus on outreach in an attempt to shift narratives of victimization, and struggle to achieve their goals in the midst of ongoing social and political divides in the region. The findings point to several new and ongoing challenges for policy makers, advocates, and scholars interested in the elusive goals of transitional justice.
Transduction of Entangled Images by Localized Surface Plasmons

We demonstrate the transduction of entangled images through independent plasmonic structures. The results show that both entanglement and spatial properties are preserved and allow us to infer the transfer of entanglement between light and plasmons.
Computing Mentorship in a Software Boomtown: Relationships to Adolescent Interest and Beliefs

Prior work on adolescent interest development shows that mentorship can promote interest in a subject while reshaping beliefs about the subject. To what extent do these same effects occur in computing, where interest and beliefs have traditionally been negative? We conducted two studies of the Puget Sound region in the United States, surveying and teaching 57 diverse adolescents with interests in computing. In the first study, we found that interest in computing was strongly related to having a mentoring relationship and not to gender or socioeconomic status. Teens with mentors also engaged in significantly more computing education and had more diverse beliefs about peers who engaged in computing education. The second study reinforced this finding, showing that teens who took a class from an instructor who aimed to become students' teacher-mentor had significantly greater positive changes in interest in computing than those who already had a mentor. These findings, while correlational, suggest that mentors can play a key role in promoting adolescent interest in computing.
Pain Management in Obstetrics

Critical care clinicians may be called on to care for a laboring woman. Comprehension of the anatomic changes associated with pregnancy, and labor and birth, is essential. A working knowledge of the current options for pain management in labor, both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic, is necessary to facilitate patient-centered care. Pharmacologic options include intravenous or intramuscular agents, inhalational agents, and neuraxial anesthesia. Each modality has contraindications, risks, and benefits that must be considered when choosing the most appropriate method.
Some Constructive Applications of Resinography

There are always two sides to science, the analytical and the synthetical. The analytical side strives to answer the questions How?, What?, and Why?, and it does so by taking apart the things or the processes under study so that we may learn about composition, structure, and interaction. The synthetical side starts with known substances and known reactions, and strives to create from them something new and useful. Previous chapters in this book have dealt with analytical investigations devoted to research, or to trouble-shooting in the plant, or to quality control of industrial products. In the present chapter, we shall turn to the other side and consider some constructive and creative aspects of resinography. The examples will be based on lessons learned earlier in structure and morphology, and will serve to illustrate the creative use that may be made of information gained in routine study.
Intent and enactment: Writing in mathematics for conceptual understanding

Using a national sample of students’ writing from the National Study of Writing Instruction, this study examines the current state of writing in the mathematics classroom and the extent to which en...
Promoting Preschoolers’ Emotional Competence Through Prosocial TV and Mobile App Use

This study explored the relationship between preschoolers’ exposure to Daniel Tiger’s Neighborhood television programming and its accompanying mobile app and preschoolers’ emotion knowledge and use...
Coming into Focus: Computational Pathology as the New Big Data Microscope

This editorial discusses the rise of computational pathology as a major driver of experimental pathology research.
THE EFFECT OF VASOPRESSIN ON ITS TARGET CELL

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the actions of vasopressin on the epithelial cells of the mammalian collecting duct, and on a closely related tissue—the urinary bladder of the toad. It discusses the physical characteristics of the water transport pathway in the luminal membrane and the modulating role of prostaglandins on the hydroosmotic action of vasopressin. Prostaglandin E2 synthesis is increased by arachidonic acid, and greatly decreased by naproxen, and by acetaminophen. The latter agent enhances the action of vasopressin in a manner closely resembling that of chlorpropamide, and the two drugs appear to act by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Chlorpropamide and acetaminophen enhance the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin by interrupting baseline prostaglandin production, rather than blocking increased synthesis produced by vasopressin. Cells other than the collecting duct cells are responsible for any increase in prostaglandin production; the interstitial cells. The chapter discusses that the role of prostaglandins as modulating agents for vasopressin remains an important one.
Dermatomal Somatosensory Evoked Potentials: Methodology and Clinical Applications

Dermatomal somatosensory evoked potentials (DSEPs) have been recently added to the armamentarium of techniques that address segmental level issues of spinal cord and nerve roots. Although DSEPs are technically similar to evoked potential to mixed nerve stimulation, good results depend on attention to factors such as stimulating electrode size and location, recording electrode location, alertness, protocol design, and waveform analysis. DSEPs have been used successfully in single-level and multiple-level root disease and in segmental-level evaluation of spinal cord involvement. Compared to other techniques, DSEPs have been at least as successful in identifying abnormalities, and, in some cases, mo-reso. In fact, for the thoracic levels, DSEPs may be considered a unique noninvasive method.
Acetylation takes aim at mRNA

Recent advances in the ability to detect mRNA base modifications have led to a renewed appreciation for the diversity of the epitranscriptome and its ability to influence gene expression. Now, a study in Cell adds acetylated cytidine (ac4C) to the list, identifying it as a widespread mark in cellular mRNAs that influences both mRNA stability and translation.
GASTRIC CARCINOMA AND GASTRITIS: WITH REFERENCE TO COEXISTENCE OF CARCINOMA AND CHRONIC HYPERTROPHIC GLANDULAR GASTRITIS.

1. A microscopic study of 167 cancer-bearing stomachs revealed a normal or approximately normal gastric mucosa in 24.07%, and atrophic gastritis in 68.26% of all cases. Superficial gastritis and hypertrophic proliferative gastritis were each seen in 1.74%. In 7 cases (4.19%) typical hypertrophic glandular gastritis was found. 2. Gastric symptoms preceding the development of the carcinoma seemed to have occurred in 3 of these 7 cases. 3. It appears certain that gastric carcinoma and hypertrophic glandular gastritis can coexist.
Permutations with Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial $ P_id,w(q)=1+q^h$

Using resolutions of singularities introduced by Cortez and a method for calculating Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials due to Polo, we prove the conjecture of Billey and Braden characterizing permutations w with Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomial$ P_id,w(q)=1+q^h$ for some $h$.
Solar Eclipse Observations from the Ground and Air from 0.31 to 5.5 Microns

We present spectra and broad-band polarized light data from a novel suite of instruments deployed during the 21st August 2017 total solar eclipse. Our goals were to survey solar spectra at thermal infrared wavelengths during eclipse, and to test new technology for measuring polarized coronal light. An infrared coronal imaging spectrometer, flown at 14.3 km altitude above Kentucky, was supported on the ground by observations from Madras, Oregon (elevation 683 m) and Camp Wyoba on Casper Mountain, Wyoming (2402 m). In Wyoming we deployed a new infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), three low-dispersion spectrometers loaned to us by Avantes, a novel visible-light camera PolarCam, sensitive to linear polarization, and one of two infrared cameras from FLIR Systems, the other operated at Madras. Circumstances of eclipse demanded that the observations spanned 17:19 to 18:26 UT. We analyze spectra of the limb photosphere, the chromosphere, prominences, and coronal lines from 310 nm to 5.5 μm. We calibrated data photometrically using the solar disk as a source. Between different spectrometers, the calibrations were consistent to better than 13%. But the sensitivities achieved were insufficient to detect coronal lines from the ground. The PolarCam data are in remarkable agreement with polarization data from the K-Cor synoptic instrument on Mauna Loa, and with FLIR intensity data acquired in Madras. We discuss new results, including a detection of the He i 1083 nm multiplet in emission during the whole of totality. The combination of the FTS and AIR-Spec spectra reveals for the first time the effects of the telluric extinction on the infrared coronal emission lines, to be observed with upcoming Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope.
Solid State Laser Triggering System for the HERMES-III Accelerator

The Hermes III accelerator is a 20-MV linear induction accelerator that has been in operation at Sandia National Laboratories since the late 1980’s. Energy is initially stored in the accelerator in ten Marx banks that are discharged into twenty intermediate store capacitors. These intermediate store capacitors are then switched with SF 6 -insulated high voltage Rimfire switches into eighty parallel pulse forming lines that further condition the pulse before finally delivering it to the twenty induction cavities arrayed along the axis of the machine. Currently, a single 0.9-J KrF laser operating at 248 nm, the output of which is divided into twenty separate beamlets, is being used to trigger the Rimfire switches. However, as part of a modernization plan for the accelerator, the gas laser system is being replaced with a new solid-state laser triggering system. The new system is comprised of 10 flash-lamp pumped, Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers (Tempest 300), each having an energy output of 35~40 mJ at a wavelength of 266 nm. Each laser will be responsible for triggering two Rimfire switches. Overall reliability for the accelerator’s operation with these new lasers is expected to increase, and by varying the times at which the individual lasers fire it becomes possible to tailor the shape of the output pulse. The optical layout and other details of this solid-state laser triggering system are presented, along with initial operational data from the HERMES III accelerator using this system.
PNA Clamping in Nucleic Acid Amplification Protocols to Detect Single Nucleotide Mutations Related to Cancer

This review describes the application of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) as clamps that prevent nucleic acid amplification of wild-type DNA so that DNA with mutations may be observed. These methods are useful to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cases where there is a small amount of mutated DNA relative to the amount of normal (unmutated/wild-type) DNA. Detecting SNPs arising from mutated DNA can be useful to diagnose various genetic diseases, and is especially important in cancer diagnostics for early detection, proper diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression. Most examples use PNA clamps to inhibit PCR amplification of wild-type DNA to identify the presence of mutated DNA associated with various types of cancer.
Monte Carlo Calculations of Neutron and Gamma-Ray Energy Spectra for Fusion Reactor Shield Design: Comparison with Experiment

Neutron and gamma-ray energy spectra resulting from the interactions of approx. 14 MeV neutrons in laminated slabs of stainless steel type-304 and borated polyethylene have been calculated using the Monte Carlo code MCNP. The calculated spectra are compared with measured data as a function of slab thickness and material composition and as a function of detector location behind the slabs. Comparisons of the differential energy spectra are made for neutrons with energies above 850 keV and for gamma rays with energies above 750 keV. The measured neutron spectra and those calculated using Monte Carlo methods agree witin 5% to 50% depending on the slab thickness and composition and neutron energy. The agreement between the measured and calculated gamma-ray energy spectra are also within this range. The MCNP data are also in favorable agreement with attenuated data calculated previously by discrete ordinates transport methods and the Monte Carlo code SAM-CE.
Letermovir Prophylaxis Decreases Burden of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Patients at High Risk for CMV Disease Following Hematopoietic Cell Transplant.

ABSTRACT Despite effective therapies, cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. At particular risk are recipients of alternative grafts such as umbilical cord blood (UCB), haploidentical transplants (haplo), or patients conditioned with T-cell depleting regimens such as anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG). With the approval of letermovir, its impact on high-risk patients is of particular interest. To evaluate the impact of letermovir prophylaxis at our center, we performed a retrospective analysis of 114 high-risk patients who received letermovir as prophylaxis (LET PPX) between January 2018 through December 2019, including 30 UCB and 22 haplo recipients, compared with 637 historical controls with comparable risk between January 2013 and December 2019. By post-transplant day 100 (D+100), letermovir prophylaxis significantly decreased the incidence of both CMV DNAemia compared with controls (45.37% versus 74.1%; P
Catalyzing Pediatric Electronic Health Record Usability and Safety Improvements

* Abbreviation: EHR — : electronic health record Nearly every office-based pediatrician now uses an electronic health record (EHR).1 There is now evidence that using EHRs can improve guideline adherence, reduce medication errors, and improve other measures of health care quality,2 but the rapid adoption of EHRs has also precipitated unintended and undesired consequences, including the poor usability of EHRs.3 Usability is the extent to which a technology can be used efficiently, effectively, and satisfactorily.4 Poor EHR usability results in clinician frustration, contributes to clinician burnout, and has direct patient safety consequences.5–7 To improve EHR usability, we need rigorous and robust measures of usability to identify specific problem areas, quantify the effect of improvement efforts, and facilitate product comparisons so that consumers can purchase products that meet their needs. In this issue of Pediatrics , Overhage and Johnson8 report on a large-scale analysis of Cerner Millennium EHR use in >20 million pediatric ambulatory encounters by almost 30 000 physicians. Their approach provides a broad assessment of the time spent on tasks in the EHR, and time on task is a usability measure commonly used to … Address correspondence to Raj Ratwani, PhD, National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare, Medstar Health Research Institute, MedStar Health, 3007 Tilden St NW, Suite 6N, Washington, DC 20008. E-mail: raj.m.ratwani{at}medstar.net
Social Justice in European Contract Law: A Manifesto

The Study Group on Social Justice in European Private Law are: Gert Bruggemeier (Bremen), Mauro Bussani (Trieste), Hugh Collins (London), Aurelia Colombi Ciacchi (Bremen), Giovanni Comande (Pisa), Muriel Fabre-Magnan (Nantes), Stefan Grundmann (Berlin), Martijn Hesselink (Amsterdam) (Chairman), Christian Joerges (Florence), Brigitta Lurger (Graz), Ugo Mattei (Torino), Marisa Meli (Catania), Jacobien Rutgers (Amsterdam), Christoph Schmidt (Florence), Jane Smith (Bremen), Ruth Sefton-Green (Paris), Horatia Muir Watt (Paris), Thomas Wilhelmsson (Helsinki).
Typology of home value change over time: Growth mixture models in Southern California neighborhoods from 1960 to 2010

This study uses U.S. Census data on average home values in Southern California census tracts from 1960 to 2010. Using growth mixture modeling (GMM), 26 unique groups are detected capturing nonlinea...
Structure-Based Drug Design of an Inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Main Protease Using Free Software: A Tutorial for Students and Scientists

This paper describes the structure-based design of a preliminary drug candidate against COVID-19 using free software and publicly available X-ray crystallographic structures. The goal of this tutorial is to disseminate skills in structure-based drug design and to allow others to unleash their own creativity to design new drugs to fight the current pandemic. The tutorial begins with the X-ray crystallographic structure of the main protease (Mpro) of the SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) bound to a peptide substrate and then uses the UCSF Chimera software to modify the substrate to create a cyclic peptide inhibitor within the Mpro active site. Finally, the tutorial uses the molecular docking software AutoDock Vina to show the interaction of the cyclic peptide inhibitor with both SARS-CoV Mpro and the highly homologous SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The supporting information (supplementary material) provides an illustrated step-by-step guide for the inhibitor design, to help readers design their own drug candidates for COVID-19 and the coronaviruses that will cause future pandemics. An accompanying preprint in bioRxiv [https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.03.234872] describes the synthesis of the cyclic peptide and the experimental validation as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.
Bronchomalacia in right aortic arch treated with descending aortic translocation and airway splint.

Management of recurrent symptomatic tracheobronchomalacia and tracheobronchial compression after prior aortopexy and tracheobronchopexy is a surgical challenge. In patients with right aortic arch, the course of the aortic arch over the right mainstem bronchus can result in superior and posterior compression of the airway. We present two cases of recurrent bronchomalacia and bronchial compression treated with descending aortic translocation. The addition of bronchial splinting to aortic translocation effectively relieved airway symptoms.
Centering Black Girls in Sexual Harassment Research: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research Approach

According to the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) Bureau of Justice statistics, 1 in 4 Black girls will be sexually abused before the age of 18. The founder of the #Metoo movement, Ms. Tarana Burke...
CAIREN: A Network for Sharing Health Care Learning Resources with Ohio Health Care Facilities and Educational Institutions

The availability of quality learning resources to complement basic and continuing education activities is, at best, sporadic in most disciplines. The supply many times fails to meet the demand, forcing educators or training coordinators to make do with tried but true resources that have long since been shown to be something less than totally effective.
A Way of Seeing People and Place

In simplest terms, phenomenology is the interpretive study of human experience. The aim is to examine and clarify human situations, events, meanings, and experiences “as they spontaneously occur in the course of daily life” (von Eckartsberg, 1998a, p. 3). The goal is “a rigorous description of human life as it is lived and reflected upon in all of its first-person concreteness, urgency, and ambiguity” (Pollio, Henley, & Thompson, 1996, p. 5).