cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Changing Roles of Community Health Workers

Objective To examine what different types of employers value in hiring community health workers (CHWs) and determine what new competencies CHWs might need to meet workforce demands in the context of an evolving payment landscape and substantial literature suggesting that CHWs are uniquely qualified to address health disparities. Study Design We used a multimethod approach, including a literature review, development of a database of 76 programs, interviews with 24 key informants, and a qualitative comparison of major CHW competency lists. Principal Findings We find a shift in CHW employment settings from community-based organizations to hospitals/health systems. Providers that hire CHWs directly, as opposed to partnering with community organizations, report that they value education and training more highly than traditional characteristics, such as peer status. We find substantial similarities across competency lists, but a gap in competencies that relate to CHWs’ ability to integrate into health systems while maintaining their unique identity. Conclusions As CHW integration into health care organizations advances, and as states move forward with CHW certification efforts, it is important to develop new competencies that relate to CHW–health system integration. Chief among them is the ability to explain and defend the CHW's unique occupational identity.
Designing a Solid Electrolyte II. Strategies and Illustrations

The iodide ion is large and polarizable; the Cu+ and Ag+ ions are quadrupolarizable because they have spherical d10 cores that may be transformed to ellipsoidal shape by energetically accessible, intraatomic d-s hybridization. Consequently the effective Rexcl is particularly softened, and even the simple salts exhibit transitions to fast ionic conduction at a Tt below the melting point Tm.
Careers in Microbiology

The goals and objectives of this article are to provide a comprehensive body of knowledge that will connect individuals to resources that will enhance their ability to seek employment in the field of microbiology. The issues discussed in this article may also be useful to individuals who are employed, but are seeking an alternative path that will potentially lead to transitional employment in subdisciplines of microbiology. Among the biological sciences, the subdiscipline of microbiology includes numerous occupations from which to select a career. Microorganisms are the most widely distributed living things in the universe and inherently colonize all other organisms classified in different taxonomic groups of biology. Furthermore, from a functional point of view, specific kinds of microorganisms are essential to sustaining the biosphere as the life-supporting region in the universe, and many kinds are beneficial to humans. All healthy human beings encounter microorganisms at the time of birth and interact with certain kinds of microorganisms throughout life. Those that colonize the human body as residents are called the human normal microflora. Microbiology-related educational resources that are appropriate for a broad range of individuals, including preschool age children, K-12 students, undergraduate and graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows, can be obtained from ASM (www.microlibrary.org; www.asm.org) and the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (http://www.carnegiefoundation.org).
Military Detention in the 'War on Terrorism': Normalizing the Exceptional After 9/11

The decision to address terrorism through a war paradigm may represent the most significant change in U.S. national security policy in the decade following 9/11. While the United States still selectively treats terrorism as a criminal law enforcement matter, it has developed an alternative, military-based approach, rooted in the language and logic of a global armed conflict against al Qaeda and associated terrorist organizations (otherwise known as the “war on terror”). This war paradigm, adopted by the Bush administration, has largely been continued by the Obama administration. It has been endorsed by Congress and sanctioned in many respects by the courts. Treating terrorism through the frame of armed conflict has affected various areas of national security policy, but none more deeply than the detention and prosecution of terrorism suspects. Among the features that distinguish U.S. military-based counter-terrorism detentions from criminal justice prosecutions are the fewer procedural safeguards afforded to detainees, the significantly lower evidentiary burden imposed on the government, heightened secrecy, fewer constraints on interrogations, more limited judicial review, and the open-ended nature of the confinement itself. This piece examines the United States’ development of a new framework of indefinite military detention and military prosecution after 9/11. It argues that the war on terror has served as the vehicle for normalizing expansive, emergency-type powers that facilitate the interrogation and long-term incapacitation of terrorism suspects. It further describes how employing a war paradigm has helped institutionalize these new detention powers, provided a framework for their future expansion, and shaped the actions of lawmakers and courts.
Application of the condensed protocol for the NIA‐AA guidelines for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer's disease in an academic clinical practice

Aims In response to concerns regarding resource expenditures required to implement fully the 2012 National Institute on Aging and the Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) Sponsored Guidelines for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), we previously developed a sensitive and cost-reducing condensed protocol (CP) at the University of Washington (UW) Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) that consolidated the recommended NIA-AA protocol into fewer cassettes requiring fewer immunohistochemical stains. The CP was not designed to replace NIA-AA protocols, but instead to make the NIA-AA criteria accessible to clinical and forensic neuropathology practices where resources limit full implementation of NIA-AA guidelines. Methods and results In this regard, we developed practical criteria to instigate CP sampling and immunostaining, and applied these criteria in an academic clinical neuropathological practice. During the course of 1 year, 73 cases were sampled using the CP; of those, 53 (72.6%) contained histological features that prompted CP work-up. We found that the CP resulted in increased identification of AD and Lewy body disease neuropathological changes from what was expected using a clinical history-driven work-up alone, while saving approximately $900 per case. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility and cost-savings of the CP applied to a clinical autopsy practice, and highlights potentially unrecognised neurodegenerative disease processes in the general ageing community.
Behavioral Group Therapy with the Elderly

Older adults comprise a rapidly increasing proportion of the population in the United States. In 1980, 9.9% of the population was 65 or older; between the 1960 and 1970 censuses, the number of aged increased 21.1% (Brotman, 1973). Pfeiffer (1980) reports that 11% of our population is over age 65, and 25% of these persons are thought to have psychological difficulties warranting professional attention. Approximately 25% of all suicides in this country are committed by persons over age 65 (Butler & Lewis, 1977). There is a well-documented gap, however, between the mental health needs of the elderly and the provision of services to meet these needs (Zarit, 1980). At least two-thirds of all psychologists do not work clinically with elderly clients (VandenBos, Stapp, & Kilberg, 1981). Only 4 to 5% of the case load in outpatient mental health clinics consists of elderly clients (Redick & Taube, 1980), and an even smaller percentage of elders are thought to be treated by private practitioners (Gottfredson & Dyer, 1978).
THE FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE BEAVERS INTERACTIONAL SCALES

Confirmatory factor analysis and regression analyses of the Beavers Interactional Scales did not appear to support the model offered by its developers, namely, several specified family attributes contributing respectively to two global factors of Family Competence and Family Style. Moreover, regression analysis indicated that only three of 12 items predicted raters' assessments of Global Family Health, and one of seven items predicted Global Family Style. Individuals interested in the family dynamic “centripetal/centrifugal” might best think of that as a unitary entity and rate it accordingly.
Tunable wave propagation in origami-based reconfigurable mechanical metamaterials (Conference Presentation)

We investigate nonlinear wave dynamics in origami-based mechanical metamaterials composed of origami-based structures, specifically the Triangulated Cylindrical Origami (TCO). The TCO structure shows coupling behavior between longitudinal and rotational motions. One of the unique features of the TCO is that the unit cell can exhibit mono- or bistable behavior selectively, which is determined by initial configurations such as height and rotational angle. In this study, we first fabricate physical prototypes made of paper sheets, and conduct compression tests on the prototypes to verify this unique tunable mono-/bistable features. By utilizing this tunability, we design a 1D chain of the TCO unit cells in which mono-/bistable behaviors of each unit cell can be altered by geometric parameters. Then, we analyze wave propagation in this origami-based system numerically by applying impact to the end of the chain. When the monostable configuration is selected for all of the unit cells, our numerical analysis shows that the application of compressive impact creates a tensile solitary wave propagating ahead of the initial compressive wave. In addition, the wave speed of this tensile solitary wave can be manipulated by the configurations of the TCO unit cells. These unique tunable static/dynamic behaviors can be exploited to design engineering devices which can mitigate impact in an efficient manner.
Photochemical determination of O densities in the Martian thermosphere: Effect of a revised rate coefficient

We investigate the production and loss rates of O2+ in the photochemical equilibrium region of the Martian ionosphere near the subsolar point. We adopt neutral and ion densities measured by the MAVEN NGIMS, electron densities and temperatures measured by the LPW, and ion temperatures measured by the STATIC instruments on the MAVEN spacecraft. Contrary to the conventional wisdom, we find that loss of O2+ by dissociative recombination is balanced mainly by production due to the reaction of O+ with CO2, with a smaller contribution due to the reaction of CO2+ with O. We find that the O densities derived from this calculation are larger than those measured by the NGIMS instrument by a factor that averages about 4 over the range 130–155 km. This general conclusion is supported by a newly measured rate coefficient for the reaction of O with CO2+, which is smaller by a factor of about six than the only value in the literature, which was measured forty-seven years ago.
Developing Visual Arts Education in the United States: Massachusetts Normal Art School and the Normalization of Creativity

“Like all well-constructed narratives, Stankiewicz’s history contains a beginning, a central character, a cast of dramatic influences, a developing plot line, and a contingent conclusion.”Readers w...
Scaling in Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics

The paper1 presents a review of recent results on the problem of size effect (or the scaling problem) in nonlinear fracture mechanics of quasibrittle materials and on the validity of recent claims that the observed size effect may be caused by the fractal nature of crack surfaces. The problem of scaling is approached through dimensional analysis and asymptotic matching. Large-size and small-size asymptotic expansions of the size effect on the nominal strength of structures are presented, considering not only specimens with large notches (or traction-free cracks) but also structures with no notches. Simple size effect formulas matching the required asymptotic properties are given. Regarding the fractal nature of crack surfaces, it is concluded that it cannot be the cause of the observed size effect.
Diurnal Evolution of Submesoscale Front and Filament Circulations

AbstractThe local circulation of submesoscale fronts and filaments can be partly understood through a horizontal momentum balance of Coriolis, a horizontal pressure gradient, and vertical diffusivi...
Targets, Treatments, and Outcomes Updates in Diabetic Stroke.

Abstract Goal: Due to multiple failures to translate basic research, the need for novel therapeutic targets and strategies is still urgent to save a larger number of the stroke patients' population and to reduce the toxicity of the current stroke therapy. Method: We summarize the most recent, within past 5 years, basic and clinical diabetic stroke research findings. Findings: We aim to examine the most current understanding of stroke and neurovascular unit integrity, especially in presence of hyperglycemia and/or diabetes mellitus. From there, we are comparing the meaningful findings that aim at treating diabetic stroke to see where they differ, where they succeed, and where they open questions for new therapeutic strategies. Conclusion: The need for more clinically effective neuroprotective strategies is still mismatched with the bench side findings.
Mobilized networked infrastructures: Implications for action, space, and knowledge:

Networked infrastructures support the flows of information and communication. While traditional conceptions of networked infrastructures render them necessarily immobile and centralized, this artic...
Photothermal Spectra of Semiconductors

We measure and calibrate the photothermal spectra of Gallium Arsenide and Cadmium Telluride in the 400-800 nm spectral region using a white light source. The spectra yield the photothermal quantum yields of the materials.
Interaction between Atomic Ensembles and Optical Resonators

Many effects in the interaction between atoms and a cavity that are usually described in quantum mechanical terms (cavity quantum electrodynamics, cavity QED) can be understood and quantitatively analyzed within a classical framework. We adopt such a classical picture of a radiating dipole oscillator to derive explicit expressions for the coupling of single atoms and atomic ensembles to Gaussian modes in free space and in an optical resonator. The cooperativity parameter of cavity QED is shown to play a central role and is given a geometrical interpretation. The classical analysis yields transparent, intuitive results that are useful for analyzing applications of cavity QED such as atom detection and counting, cavity cooling, cavity spin squeezing, cavity spin optomechanics, or phase transitions associated with the self-organization of the ensemble-light system.
Hybrid Warfare and the Turn to Resilience: Back to the Cold War?

The concept of “hybrid warfare” has become increasingly en vogue in international security debates and has also garnered attention from the perspective of international law. It is frequently understood to signify a combination of “traditional” forms of warfare with atypical elements like disinformation campaigns, sowing doubts about attribution and the spreading of “fake news”. Yet, doubts remain as to whether it is a coherent concept and whether it can offer new insights into current forms of warfare. This contribution critically analyses the notion of hybrid warfare and the prominent role in policy documents of international organisations like NATO or the EU. The contribution also assesses the possible ramifications of hybrid warfare for the doctrinal operation of international law. Most attempts to deal with this phenomenon so far have ended up either breaking down hybrid warfare into its component parts or making wide-ranging policy suggestions to develop a “robust and resilient international law”. This latter call is analysed critically in this contribution, especially in the light of parallel Cold War histories where Western states tried to defend the free flow of information vis-a-vis a Soviet conception of non-intervention.
Extrasinus Complications From Odontogenic Sinusitis: A Systematic Review.

ObjectiveOdontogenic sinusitis (ODS) can cause infectious orbital, intracranial, and osseous complications. Diagnosis and management of complicated ODS have not been discussed in recent sinusitis g...
Visual Basic for DOS: Building Scientific and Technical Applications

The VBDOS language elements of the BASIC language writing subroutines in VBDOS compiling and debugging in VBDOS using Visual BASIC forms in VBDOS other visual controls screen graphics in VBDOS programming the PC's serial port elements of assembly language programming.
ARGUER: using argument schemas for argument detection and rebuttal in dialogs

This paper presents a computational method for argumentation on the basis of a declarative characterization of the structure of arguments. The method can be used to implement a computational agent that is both able to detect arguments and to generate candidate arguments for rebuttal. The method makes no a priori assumptions about attack and support relations between propositions that are advanced by the agents participating in a dialog. Rather, using the method, these relations are dynamically established while the dialog is taking place. This allows incremental processing since the system need only consider the current utterance advanced by the dialog participant, along with the prior context, to be able to continue processing.
An extremely rich repertoire of bursting patterns during the development of cortical cultures

We have collected a comprehensive set of multi-unit data on dissociated cortical cultures. Previous studies of the development of the electrical activity of dissociated cultures of cortical neurons each focused on limited aspects of its dynamics, and were often based on small numbers of observed cultures. We followed 58 cultures of different densities – 3000 to 50,000 neurons on areas of 30 to 75 mm2 – growing on multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) during the first five weeks of their development. Plating density had a profound effect on development. While the aggregate spike detection rate scaled linearly with density, as expected from the number of cells in proximity to electrodes, dense cultures started to exhibit bursting behavior earlier in development than sparser cultures. Analysis of responses to electrical stimulation suggests that axonal outgrowth likewise occurred faster in dense cultures. After two weeks, the network activity was dominated by population bursts in most cultures. In contrast to previous reports, development continued with changing burst patterns throughout the observation period. Burst patterns were extremely varied, with inter-burst intervals between 1 and 300 s, different amounts of temporal clustering of bursts, and different firing rate profiles during bursts. During certain stages of development bursts were organized into tight clusters with highly conserved internal structure. Dissociated cultures of cortical cells exhibited a much richer repertoire of activity patterns than previously reported. Except for the very sparsest cultures, all cultures exhibited globally synchronized bursts, but bursting patterns changed over the course of development, and varied considerably between preparations. This emphasizes the importance of using multiple preparations – not just multiple cultures from one preparation – in any study involving neuronal cultures. These results are based on 963 half-hour-long recordings. To encourage further investigation of the rich range of behaviors exhibited by cortical cells in vitro, we are making the data available to other researchers, together with Matlab code to facilitate access.
Positional Specificity of Triglyceride Lipases in Post-Heparin Plasma

The stereochemistry of the hydrolysis of radioactive glyceryl trioleate and glyceryl diether-monoesters by lipase activity in post-heparin plasma from man, normal and hepatectomized rats, and rat liver perfusate was determined. The following substrates were chemically synthesized and employed in albumin-Triton X-100 emulsions: 1,2-dioleoyl-3-[9,10-3H]oleoyl-sn-glycerol; 1,3-dioleoyl-2-[1-14C]oleoyl-sn-glycerol; rac-1,2-octadecenyl-3-[9,10-3H]oleoyl-sn-glycerol; 2,3-octadecenyl-1-[9,10-3H]oleoyl-sn-glycerol; and 1,3-octadecenyl-2-[9,10-3H]oleoyl-sn-glycerol. The yields of free fatty acid and glycerol varied with different enzyme sources. Km values were determined. Lipases in post-heparin plasma of hepatic and extrahepatic origins attack preferentially positions 1 and 3 in sn-glycerides and do not appear to distinguish between them. The presence in plasma of monoglyceride hydrolase activity that is primarily derived from the liver was confirmed.
Dihydropyridine- and omega-conotoxin-sensitive Ca2+ currents in cerebellar neurons: persistent block of L-type channels by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein

The inhibition of high-threshold Ca2+ channel currents by activated G- proteins was studied in mouse cerebellar granule cells making use of the hydrolysis-resistant GTP analog GTP-gamma-S. When individual granule cells were internally dialyzed with GTP-gamma-S, the high- threshold Ca2+ current decreased to approximately 20% of its initial value within approximately 2 min. The GTP-gamma-S-resistant current was reduced further by the subsequent addition of either omega-conotoxin or dihydropyridine antagonist, indicating that both N- and L-type Ca2+ channels carried the remaining current. Continuous exposure to the dihydropyridine agonist +(S)-202–791 caused a rapid increase in the GTP- gamma-S-resistant current. The L-type current evoked by the agonist subsequently decreased to the level observed prior to adding the drug following a time course similar to the initial inhibition of the total high-threshold current. A second application of the drug at a later time failed to increase the current a second time, indicating a persistent blockade of the agonist-evoked L-current. Pretreating cells with pertussis toxin prevented the initial inhibition of the total whole-cell Ca2+ channel current as well as the subsequent inhibition of the agonist-evoked L-current. The results show that a pertussis toxin- sensitive G-protein produces a persistent inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels in these central neurons.
Generalized Cramér-von Mises tests of goodness of fit for doubly censored data

We generalize Cramer-von Mises statistics to test the goodness of fit of a lifetime distribution when the data are doubly censored. We derive the limiting distributions of our test statistics under the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis, respectively. We also give a strong consistent estimator for the asymptotic covariance of the self-consistent estimator for the survival function with doubly censored data. Thereby, a method, called the Fredholm Integral Equation method, is proposed to estimate the null distribution of test statistics. In this work, the perturbation theory for linear operators plays an important role, and some numerical examples are included.
Neurogenic hyperalgesia: the search for the primary cutaneous afferent fibers that contribute to capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia.

1. A local cutaneous injury can produce primary hyperalgesia within the injured area and secondary hyperalgesia in the normal surrounding skin. An intradermal injection of capsaicin in humans cause...
Inhibition of human neutrophil phagocytosis and intracellular killing of yeast cells by fluoride

Abstract These processes depend upon the catabolism of glucose, which can be inhibited by fluoride (F − ). We studied them with a radiolabelling technique using [ 3 H]-uridine, which is incorporated into viable yeast cells, but hardly at all into neutrophils and dead or phagocytosed yeast cells. Lysis of neutrophils and treatment of the lysate with [ 3 H]-uridine allowed estimation of intracellular killing of yeast cells. F − inhibited neutrophil phagocytosis and intracellular killing in a dose-related manner. Intracellular killing was significantly more sensitive to environmental F − than was phagocytosis. This effect on phagocytosis was not because of inhibition of opsonization of yeast, nor was it related to an effect on medium Ca 2− .
Finesse and sensitivity gain in cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy of biomolecules in solution

We describe a ‘wet mirror’ apparatus for cw cavity-enhanced absorption measurements with Bacteriochlorophyll a (BChla) in solution and show that it achieves the full sensitivity gain (≈ 2.3×10^4) afforded by the finesse (3.4 × 10^4) and loss distribution of our optical resonator. This result provides an important proof-of-principle demonstration for solution-phase cavity-enhanced spectroscopy; straightforward extrapolation to a system with state-of-the-art low-loss mirrors and shot-noise-limited performance indicates that single molecule sensitivity in liquids is within reach of current technology. With the probe laser locked to the cavity resonance, our instrument achieves a sensitivity ≈3.4×10^−8/√Hz (for a sample of length 1.75 mm) with 100 kHz bandwidth and can reliably detect sub-nM concentrations of BChla with 1 ms integration time.
The Control of an Impacting Flexible Link Using Fuzzy Logic Strategy

This article deals with the control of a repetitive impacting elastic link in rotational motion. A fuzzy logic controller was designed and employed to suppress the vibrations resulting after the impact with an external rigid body. The momentum balance method and an empirical coefficient of restitution were used in the collision of the two bodies. It was shown that the controller had a good behavior for different ranges of the restitution coefficient.
Higher-order quantum logics

Until now quantum logics has been first-order, but physics requires higher-order logics. We construct a natural higher-order languageQ for quantum physics.Q is a finitistic logic based on Peano set theory and Grassmann algebra. Higher-order predicates are identified with their extensions, higher-rank sets. QAND and QOR (the AND and OR ofQ) are naturally noncommutative but reduce to the commutative lattice operations for the first-order part of the language. We form higher-order predicates and sets by a setting operator similar to Peano'st that forms a simple extensort Ψ = }Ψ} from any extensorΨ. In a note added in proof, we correctQ so that a bond like {{α, β}} between two fermionsα andβ is a quasiboson, as the application to lattice chromodynamics strongly suggests.
NASCITA E MORTE DELLA MASSAIA DI PAOLA MASINO E LA QUESTIONE DEL CORPO MATERNO NEL FASCISMO

Il saggio esamina il romanzo di Paola Masino (1908–1989) Nascita e morte della massaia (1939; pubblicato nel 1945), interpretando i temi del corpo femminile e della maternita alla luce del contesto...
Hydrogen bromide in anhydrous benzonitrile: Electrical conductance, time effect and ion-solvent interactions☆

Abstract Electrical conductance of “aged” HBr solutions in anhydrous benzonitrile in the concentration range 1·98 × 10 −4 -1·47 × 10 −2 mole/l has been investigated. The values of Λ 0 , K and a , calculated by the various extrapolation techniques for weak electrolytes are respectively 11·8 mho/cm, 2·2 × 10 −5 and 1·26 A. Two solid substrates of stoichiometric compositions corresponding to C 6 H 5 CN.HBR and C 6 H 5 CN.2HBr have been isolated, and their structural and physical properties have been investigated. The conductance/time effect is considered in the light of the possible chemical interactions in the system.
Marketing as an Exchange Process: Public Health Perspective of Exchange

There is a special relationship between the pharmacy market and public health. The marketer is interested in providing those pharmaceutical products and services that will meet the needs of the consumer. Public health is interested in meeting society's needs for pharmaceutical products and services. As long as the marketer is meeting the needs of both the consumer and society, there is harmony. When the marketer is not meeting the needs of society, conflicts will occur. If the marketer fails to resolve the conflicts, society will find ways to bypass him. This article examines the different relationships that exist between the pharmacy market and public health.
Validity of the Leadership Potential Score of the High School Personality Questionnaire with Talented Students

Summav.-The 176 subjects attending a fine and performing arts high school were given the High School Personalicy Questionnaire to determine the validity of the Leadership Potential Score. The instrument did not differentiate between talented individuals who actually held positions of leadership and those who did not. The two groups did not differ on any of the primary factors of the questionnaire. Few educational programs for gifted students focus on leadership, yet many authors speak of its importance. Jarecky (1757) wrote of the important contributions that persons possessing leadership skills can make to society, yet Stodgill (1974) warned of the error in assuming that somehow practitioners of human relations will always be available when needed. Gallagher (1980) spoke of the need to seek potential leadership among gifted youth and to provide suitable training. Magoon (1981) pointed out that every facet of contemporary society suggests the effects of lack of leadership. In spite of expressed concern few studies relate specifically to leadership skills of gifted persons. One unexplored group is those students identified as talented in the fine and performing arts. The literature yields no studies of leadership among talented students. The present study was undertaken to investigate the leadership potential of students designated as talented in the fine and performing arts. Such youth were administered High School Personality Questionnaire (Cattell, 1975), a self-rating measure, which yields in addition to 14 personality factors, a Leadership Potential Score. This is based on summing of weighted factors, which were determined by Cattell in his study of leadership in adults using the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. MBTHOD Silb jects The 176 subjects were attending a secondary school for fine and performing arts. Students were identified for participation in the unique school based on a product-and-process juried audition and on an expressed desire to seek a career in the area of specific talents.
Cross-cultural gender differences in preference for a caring morality.

Abstract Several theorists have proposed that women prefer a more caring morality, one that is based on a high level of concern for interpersonal relationships and emotional sensitivity to the feelings of others. This study is an investigation of the prediction that (a) there are gender differences in a preference for a caring morality and (b) the differences exist across cultures. A scale was developed to empirically test these predictions. It was adapted from Interpersonal sensitivity scale that was derived from a factor analysis of the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The predictions were confirmed, with women in Korea, China, Thailand, and the United States preferring a more caring morality.
Regional lymph node staging using lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with ferumoxtran-10 in patients with penile cancer.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We evaluated lymphotropic nanoparticle enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (LNMRI) with ferumoxtran-10 in determining the presence of regional lymph node metastases in patients with penile cancer.Materials and Methods: Seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis underwent LNMRI. All patients subsequently underwent groin dissection and the nodal images were correlated with histology.Results: We found that LNMRI had sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100%, 97%, 81.2% and 100%, respectively, in predicting the presence of regional lymph node metastases in patients with penile cancer.Conclusions: Lymph node scanning using LNMRI accurately predicts the pathological status of regional lymph nodes in patients with cancer of the penis. LNMRI may accurately triage patients for regional lymphadenectomy.
SU-E-T-174: Evaluation of the Optimal Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy Plans Done On the Maximum and Average Intensity Projection CTs

Purpose: To determine the difference in coverage between plans done on average intensity projection and maximum intensity projection CT data sets for lung patients and to establish correlations between different factors influencing the coverage. Methods: For six lung cancer patients, 10 phases of equal duration through the respiratory cycle, the maximum and average intensity projections (MIP and AIP) from their 4DCT datasets were obtained. MIP and AIP datasets had three GTVs delineated (GTVaip — delineated on AIP, GTVmip — delineated on MIP and GTVfus — delineated on each of the 10 phases and summed up). From the each GTV, planning target volumes (PTV) were then created by adding additional margins. For each of the PTVs an IMRT plan was developed on the AIP dataset. The plans were then copied to the MIP data set and were recalculated. Results: The effective depths in AIP cases were significantly smaller than in MIP (p < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient of r = 0.839 indicates strong degree of positive linear relationship between the average percentage difference in effective depths and average PTV coverage on the MIP data set. The V2 0 Gy of involved lung depends on the PTV coverage. The relationship betweenmore » PTVaip mean CT number difference and PTVaip coverage on MIP data set gives r = 0.830. When the plans are produced on MIP and copied to AIP, r equals −0.756. Conclusion: The correlation between the AIP and MIP data sets indicates that the selection of the data set for developing the treatment plan affects the final outcome (cases with high average percentage difference in effective depths between AIP and MIP should be calculated on AIP). The percentage of the lung volume receiving higher dose depends on how well PTV is covered, regardless of on which set plan is done.« less
Controls on hydrothermal alteration in a section of fast-spreading oceanic crust

Abstract Young oceanic crustal sections that formed at the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) were mapped by submersible along steep fault scarps that bound the Hess Deep rift valley. Excellent exposures allowed the documentation of the spatial distribution of alteration within the lava sequence, sheeted dike complex, and uppermost plutonic sequence. Alteration assemblages record the initiation and subsequent cooling of an axial hydrothermal system(s) that was periodically perturbed by the injection of sheeted dikes. Mineralogical and geochemical data indicate that temperatures increased across the lava-dike transition (≤ 50→ 180°C) and that the grade of metamorphism was heterogeneous within the sheeted dike complex in that temperatures varied laterally from 100–300°C to 600–800°C within the upper dikes and were 400–450°C within the lower sheeted dikes. During vigorous hydrothermal circulation at the EPR, the base of the hydrothermal system was located within or at the top of a sequence of gabbros that is interpreted to be the root-zone of the sheeted dike complex. The base of the hydrothermal cell did not penetrate into the subjacent plutonic sequence until the section of crust had migrated off-axis and the magma lens had solidified. The vigor of the hydrothermal system would have waned by this time and hydrothermal fluids migrated into the lower crust along broadly distributed microfracture networks at temperatures between 450 and 650°C, although locally temperatures may have reached 800°C. The highest temperature alteration assemblages within the sheeted dikes formed in response to the injection of a dike or swarm of dikes that initiated a short-lived hydrothermal system. The sheeted dikes and plutonic rocks experienced very little retrograde alteration and there is no evidence for a discrete, off-axis hydrothermal event(s). Incipient alteration conditions in crustal sections that formed at mid-ocean ridges with slower rates of spreading than the EPR are similar to Hess Deep, although there are differences in the distribution and mineralogical expression of incipient alteration in plutonic sequences. The evolution of alteration as a section of crust cools and moves off-axis reflects its particular magmatic-tectonic history and, thus, may vary significantly in ridges with all spreading rates.
Functional morphology of the masticatory musculature of the rodent subfamily microtinae

Voles and lemmings are the most successful group of graminivorous rodents, but the adaptations allowing them to enter this niche are not fully known. Dissections of the masticatory musculature of the 12 genera and subgenera of North American microtines show an increase in the potential anterior vector component and in the potential vertical vector component of these muscles relative to the molar tooth row. The result is a separation of the compressive and propulsive functions of the masticatory muscles during the power stroke of mastication. This has led to the formulation of a propalinal “swing” hypothesis which is supported by vector analyses of the musculature.
The S-factor situation in a small sample of an Oenothera (Raimannia) heterophylla population.

Seed obtained from two or three individuals in an extensiveHeterophylla population produced plants with a total of six S-factors. The number of different S-factors in the population as a whole is probably very large, and this increases very greatly the likelihood of successful pollinations among the individuals of this self-incompatible race.
Evaluation of groundwater in a three-aquifer system in Ramtha area, Jordan: recharge mechanisms, hydraulic relationship and geochemical evolution

The groundwater wells in the Ramtha region of Jordan are tapping three aquifers: the upper, intermediate and deep aquifers. The upper aquifer groundwater is tritiated and its stable isotopic composition varies over a wide range. This signifies short residence times and local recharge from an elevation around 600 m above sea level. The groundwater of the upper aquifer has an elevated level of \( {\text{NO}}^{ - }_{{\text{3}}} \), which is attributed to anthropogenic sources. The intermediate and deep aquifers are untritiated and have long residence times. The stable isotope results signify a recharge elevation for the intermediate aquifer higher than that for the upper aquifer. Stable isotopes in groundwater from both aquifers clustered along the eastern meteoric water line and demonstrate association with the dominant climate of Jordan. The groundwater of the intermediate aquifer is classified as Ca2+- \( {\text{HCO}}^{ - }_{{\text{3}}} \), which reflects circulation through a carbonate aquifer. There is evidence that leakage from the upper aquifer has influenced the isotopic and chemical makeup of the groundwater in an intermediate aquifer well. The groundwater of the deep aquifer has the highest temperature in the basin and its isotopic composition is much more depleted than both the upper and intermediate aquifers and plots on the global meteoric water line.
Diesel Engine Turbocharger Stabilized With Novel Tilting Pad Bearing Design

Many high speed turbochargers operate with limit cycle vibration as a result of fluid-film instability. This problem has been under investigation for the past seven years. Only now has a turbocharger with fluid film bearings been run to full speed and loaded, with essentially no bearing induced sub-synchronous vibration. The goal of this research was to have a stable synchronous response with a minimum of non-synchronous contribution excited only by the engine dynamics and exhaust pressure pulsations. Previous papers have documented experimental results of the fixed geometry bearing designs. This paper documents a new, modified tilting pad bearing concept that has replaced the fixed geometry bushings with minimal modifications to the stock bearing housing. The summary of the on-engine testing over the past year is documented in this paper.© 2012 ASME
Asymmetric Fos labeling in lobule X of the cerebellum following transtympanic tetrodotoxin (TTX) in the rat.

Unilateral transtympanic administration of the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (75 μl of 3 mM TTX in 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 5.0) produced behavioral symptoms indicative of unilateral vestibular disruption. Following survival times of 2 and 24 h immunocytochemistry for Fos revealed asymmetric labeling in the granular and molecular layers of lobule X of the cerebellum and in the medial cerebellar nucleus. The granular and molecular layers as well as the medial cerebellar nucleus ipsilateral to TTX treatment contained elevated levels of Fos relative to the same regions contralaterally and when compared to controls receiving equal volume injections of vehicle. The asymmetric changes in neuronal activity as measured by Fos (genetic activity) in lobule X implicate this region of the vestibulocerebellum in recovery from transient vestibular disruption in the intact system.
Spontaneous, click-, and toneburst-evoked otoacoustic emissions from normal ears.

Evoked and spontaneous otoacoustic emissions were recorded bilaterally in a group of normal subjects (n =14) using clicks and tonebursts at four frequencies (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 3 kHz). All ears (n = 28) demonstrated evoked emissions, but not to every stimulus type. The 0.5-kHz toneburst evoked emissions in only 10 (36%) ears, the 1.5-kHz toneburst in all ears, and the remaining stimuli in at least 80%of ears. Two distinct patterns of evoked emissions were identified. Five (18%) ears showed short, broadband click-evoked emissions lasting less than 20 ms after stimulus onset. In these ears, toneburst-evoked emissions were often more prominent than click-evoked emissions and no spontaneous emissions were detected. Twenty-three (82%) ears showed click-evoked emissions lasting longer than 20 ms poststimulus onset. Spectral analysis of these emissions demonstrated several (2–10) narrow frequency peaks. Highly similar peaks were present in the spectra of toneburst-evoked emissions within the range of toneburst spectra. Spontaneous emissions were recorded in 12 of the 23 ears. In these ears, at the frequencies of spontaneous emissions, prominent peaks in both click- and toneburst-evoked emission spectra were always present. Otoacoustic emission characteristics correlated significantly between the ears of individual subjects inferring that a symmetrical cochlear mechanism generates otoacoustic emissions.
Finite element method applied to modeling crosstalk problems on printed circuit boards

In modeling crosstalk on printed circuit boards, the distributed parameter transmission line model is applied to include the effects of electromagnetic coupling between tracks. Starting with a finite element approach, a computer model for predicting crosstalk voltages and currents in a general n+1 multiconductor configuration is outlined. After the currents on each track are calculated by using the finite element method and modal analysis, a simple radiation model is used to calculate the radiated field produced by the printed circuit boards for a frequency range of 30-1000 MHz. The algorithm presented was implemented in a series of Fortran programs, and the results obtained using this procedure compare very well with available theoretical and experimental data. >
Day ahead scheduling of distribution system with Distributed Energy Resources considering demand response and energy storage

This paper propose a method for day-ahead optimization of distribution system with Distributed Energy Resources (DER's) and energy storage devices that allows a) increase market efficiency and b) damping the variations of DER's. The objective is to utilize energy storage to damp the variations in the grid considering market price and to increase the grid efficiency. First, the implementation of day-ahead optimization that will determine which generation unit including DER's should be utilized using next 24 hour load taking into consideration of renewable energy generation forecasting is discussed. Next, the utilization of energy storage to damp the energy variations in the grid is evaluated. The problem is formulated as Nonlinear Programming (NLP) with the objective of maximizing the social welfare of the grid. The results shows that the proposed method can successfully fulfill the overall objectives.
The Religion of Jeremiah

RE-STUDY of the book of Jeremiah as a document and of the person of Jeremiah as a character will prove supremely profitable. The historian will find analogies for today; the poet's fancy will be kindled; the biographer will discover rich lore; the psychologist will revel in research; the prophet will find much speculative material; the politician will be chastened; the reformer will be sobered; the preacher will be homiletically refurbished; the pessimist may first chuckle but will be ultimately disillusioned; the optimist will be cautioned; the evangelist will be inspired; the individual soul will be comforted and confirmed. So rich is the record
Analysis of metal-induced mutations altering the expression or structure of a retrovial gene in a mammalian cell line

Abstract Carcinogenic metal compounds, with the exception of chromium(VI), have been found to be poorly mutagenic in both prokaryotic and mammalian cell mutagenesis assays, yet they are clearly clastogenic (Hansen and Stern, 1984). Thus, the role of metals as initiators in carcinogenesis has been difficult to delianeate. In an effort to develop a model system capable of assaying DNA damage caused by carcinogenic metals, we have investigated the role of NiCl2, CdCl2, Na2CrO4, and NMU in a murine sarcoma virus-infected mammalian cell line in which expression of the retroviral v-mos gene is growth-temperature regulated. This cell line, designated 6m2, contains a single-copy, stably integrated, mutant Moloney murine sarcoma virus DNA (designated MuSVts110) and is temperature sensitive for morphological transformation due to a conditionally defective viral RNA-splicing event that in turn regulates expression of the viral transforming gene. Mutations affecting the viral DNA in 6m@ cells can be detected if these alterations lead to changes in the structure or expression of the transforming protein encoded by the MuSVts100 v-mos gene. Analysis of the viral proteins from 6m2 ‘revertant’ cell lines (as defined by reversion to the transformed phenotyped at all growth temperatures) selected after treatment with the above agents showed that NiCl2, NMU, and Na2CrO4 each induced a different yet specific type of mutation. NiCl2 and NMU each altered the temperature sensitivity of viral RNA splicing, possibly due to base substitution mutations, but did so to distinctly different extents. Na2CrO4 affected the structure of the viral proteins by inducing what appear to be short frameshift mutations that resulted in the temperature-dependent translation of a novel virus-encoded transforming protein, P100gag-mos. CdCl2 also induced frameshift mutations but, in one case, induced a mutation which may result from a deletion of about 300 bases within the MuSVts110 DNA.
Size and Power of Tests for Equality of Means of Two Normal Populations with Unequal Variances

Abstract A method is developed for obtaining the size and power of a wide class of tests which includes solutions to the Behrens-Fisher problem proposed by various authors. A new test in this class is also developed which controls the size effectively and has high power. A comparison is made with other known tests as regards control of size. The power of the proposed test as well as that of Welch-Aspin is also obtained.