cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ANTIVIOLENCE ACTIVISM AND THE (IN)VISIBILITY OF GENDER IN THE GAY/LESBIAN AND WOMEN'S MOVEMENTS

Gay and lesbian-sponsored antiviolence projects have used activist strategies and “collective action frames” similar to the contemporary women's movement's antiviolence against women campaigns and have defined violence against gays and lesbians as a social problem resulting from criminal sexual assault that stems from institutionalized sexual terrorism. Unlike the contemporary feminist movement, which has been anchored in an all-encompassing critique of patriarchy, activism around antigay and lesbian violence has ignored patriarchy and the gender relations that sustain and reflect it; instead, gay and lesbian activism has been preoccupied with homophobia and only implicitly concerned with institutionalized heterosexism. As a result, the fact that gays and lesbians embody gender and are firmly situated in gender relations is rendered invisible. This analysis examines how the collective action frame(s) of one social movement can be appropriated, employed, and transformed by a subsequent movement.
Experimental demonstration of a stacked SOI multiband charged-coupled device

The multiband charge-coupled device (CCD) is a polychromatic image sensor fabricated on semiconductor-on-insulator substrates with multiple device layers. It can achieve a multifold improvement in efficiency compared to a conventional CCD, because photons are collected and resolved in the substrate without external optics. We present the first experimental demonstration of multiband light absorption and charge extraction for a single-pixel device. The ratio of the active layers' responsivities changes with wavelength, indicating that incident color information is captured in the multiple device layers.
Use of an Anti-ras Ribozyme to Alter the Malignant Phenotype of a Human Bladder Cancer Cell Line

AbstractPurpose: In this study, we evaluated the ability of a ribozyme (catalytic RNA), which site specifically cleaves the mRNA of the activated H-ras gene, to alter the malignant phenotype of an invasive human bladder cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: The human bladder cancer cell line EJ which contains the activated H-ras gene was used in these studies. Cell lines with and without the anti-ras ribozyme were examined for their malignant potential in athymic (nude) mice by using an orthotopic model of bladder cancer. Endpoints evaluated included tumor take and animal survival.Results: EJ tumors containing the anti-ras ribozyme showed a reduction in tumor take (35 percent versus 45 percent) and prolonged survival (74 days versus 65 days) compared with standard EJ cells. This survival advantage was not as pronounced as anticipated. To evaluate this finding, we examined the tumor from mice originally inoculated with the ribozyme-containing cell line to determine if the ribozyme was still present. Appr...
Professional identity formation in medical education: The convergence of multiple domains

There has been increasing emphasis on professionalism in medical education over the past several decades, initially focusing on bioethical principles, communication skills, and behaviors of medical students and practitioners. Authors have begun to discuss professional identity formation (PIF), distinguishing it as the foundational process one experiences during the transformation from lay person to physician. This integrative developmental process involves the establishment of core values, moral principles, and self-awareness. The literature has approached PIF from various paradigms-professionalism, psychological ego development, social interactions, and various learning theories. Similarities have been identified between the formation process of clergy and that of physicians. PIF reflects a very complex process, or series of processes, best understood by applying aspects of overlapping domains: professionalism, psychosocial identity development, and formation. In this study, the authors review essential elements of these three domains, identify features relevant to medical PIF, and describe strategies reported in the medical education literature that may influence PIF.
Role of Solvent Selectivity in the Equilibrium Surface Composition of Monolayers Formed from a Solution Containing Mixtures of Organic Thiols

We have developed a simple model to quantify the effect of solvent selectivity on the surface composition of two-component self-assembled monolayers formed from solutions containing mixtures of organic thiols. The coarse-grained molecular model incorporates the relevant intermolecular interactions in the solution and monolayer to yield an expression for the free energy of monolayer formation. Minimization of the free energy results in a simple and analytically tractable expression for the monolayer composition as a function of solvent selectivity (defined as the difference in the Flory-type interaction parameters of the two organic thiols in the solution) and the degree of incompatibility between the adsorbate molecules. A comparison of our theory to experiments on the formation of two-component self-assembled monolayers from solution indicates that the coarse-grained molecular model captures the trends in the experimental data quite well.
Evaluation of Adherence to Isolation Guidelines in a Chilean Teaching Hospital

Abstract ISSUE: Knowledge about transmission of microorganisms is important for implementing strategies that avoid dissemination. The objective of this work was to evaluate critical aspects in fulfillment of isolation practices for pathologies transmitted by air and droplets in a teaching hospital with 650 beds. PROJECT: Review of clinical records of patients hospitalized between 1999 and 2000 with diagnosis of lung tuberculosis (TB), meningitis (MEN), and chicken pox (VAR). We determined the opportunity of isolation (within 24 hours), type and length of isolation, registration of indications, and responsibility. RESULTS: We analyzed records of 19 lung TB patients, 10 VAR, and 35 MEN (13 N. meningitidis , 5 S. pneumoniae , 1 H. influenzae , and 16 probably viral). We observed greater adherence in MEN (81%) probably due to higher perceptions of risk. Greater adherence comprised private rooms (94%), length and opportunity of isolation measures (91%). Lower adherence involved writing indications about type of isolation (63%) and indications by physician (53%). This is probably because isolation is culturally considered a nurse responsibility even though in VAR the medical indication was 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Differences in risk perception among health personnel can contribute to a lack of adherence. Isolation evaluation is crucial to avoid dissemination of pathogens.
A New Tradable Credit Scheme for the Morning Commute Problem

This paper seeks to apply a new tradable credit scheme in the morning commute problem. When implementing such a scheme, the congestion management authority first delineates a peak-time window and then requires all traveler who pass the bottleneck within that window to either pay certain units of mobility credits, or a peak time toll (which is comparably more expensive). The authority also rewards credits to anyone who passes the bottleneck during the designated off-peak time window. An artificial market is created so that the travelers may trade these credits with each other. Our analyses, which are based on the Vickrey’s bottleneck model managed by step tolls, indicate that the proposed scheme has several notable advantages. First, the market allows those who value travel time savings less to be directly compensated by selling credits to those who value them more. This mechanism promises simpler and fairer distribution of the benefits from congestion relief. Second, as no transfer of wealth takes places between travelers and the authority, the payment made to acquire credits is less likely to be perceived as a tax. Third, the rewarding-charging mechanism avoids the top-down allocation of credits in existing tradable credit schemes. In the proposed scheme, credits are only rewarded to those who contribute to congestion relief. Last but not least, the proposed scheme is easy to understand and simple to implement. In particular, we show that the best choice of the rewarding-charging ratio is 1, i.e., each peak-time user will be charged one credit and each off-peak user will be awarded one credit.
Maternal worries, home safety behaviors, and perceived difficulties.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to explore the worries, safety behaviors, and perceived difficulties in keeping children safe at home in a purposive sample of low-income, predominantly non-English speaking mothers as a foundation for later nursing interventions. Design: This study was a qualitative, descriptive design with content analysis to identify maternal concerns, behaviors, and perceptions of home safety as part of a larger study. Methods: Eighty-two mothers, 64% of whom were monolingual Spanish-speakers, responded in writing to three semistructured interview questions. When mothers were unable to read and write the researcher wrote the responses, then read the content aloud for verification. A standardized probe for each question was posed to obtain richer responses. Data management included use of the software program NUD*IST and coding analyses following the Miles and Huberman guidelines (1994). Interpretations were translated into English for this report. Findings: The major worries were falling, health, kidnapping, and being hit by a car. The leading maternal behaviors were coded as being physically, verbally, and environmentally preventive. Mothers said that it was their role to provide safety, and that this role could be wearisome, such that constant supervision was difficult. Conclusions: Low-income mothers described their worries for their 1 to 4 year-old children, explored their behaviors for preventing injury, and discussed what made keeping children from harm difficult. Understanding how mothers keep children safe, the barriers to home safety, and effective safety behaviors are important to the health of children. Clinical Relevance: The clinical relevance of this study includes building trust as clinicians plan assessment, intervention and evaluation of home safety to encourage dialog about concerns, safety behaviors, and barriers to keeping children from injury. Language: en
Platelet-derived growth factor A and B chains and the α and β receptors in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF A, PDGF B) and their receptors (PDGF alpha, PDGF beta) in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and adenocarcinoma. METHODS Peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase labeling was used to detect the extent of antibody labeling in 29 different high grade PIN specimens. RESULTS PDGF A and PDGF alpha were uniformly expressed in glandular epithelial and stromal cells, whereas PDGF B was not expressed by either tissue. However, PDGF beta was lightly expressed in a uniform manner by both the glandular epithelial and stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that an autocrine loop may exist in which the epithelial cells of high-grade PIN express PDGF AA and PDGF alpha to modulate growth of precancerous lesions.
The intrinsic bracket on the deformation complex of an associative algebra

In his pioneering work on deformation theory of associative algebras, Gerstenhaber created a bracket on the Hochschild cohomology Hoch(A,A), but this bracket seemed to be rather a tour de force since it was not induced from a differential graded Lie algebra structure on the underlying complex. Schlessinger and Stasheff constructed a differential graded Lie algebra structure on a complex giving the Harrison cohomology Harr(A,A) of a commutative algebra A in characteristic 0. Here we present a differential graded Lie algebra structure on a complex giving the Hochschild cohomology Hoch(A,A) and inducing the Gerstenhaber bracket for any associative algebra in any characteristic. Although the principal is the same as in the commutative case, the details as well as the essential idea will hopefully be revealed more transparently.
Radioactive Isotopes of Platinum and Gold

Using the 60-inch Crocker Laboratory cyclotron, bombardments have been made of iridium and platinum with 19-Mev deuterons, of iridium with 38-Mev $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles, and of platinum and gold with fast and thermal neutrons. Radioactive isotopes of iridium, platinum, and gold were chemically separated and the radiation characteristics studied.
Toluene and xylene degradation by a denitrifying strain of Xanthomonas maltophilia with limited or no oxygen

A strain of Xanthomonas (Pseudomonas) maltophilia utilized toluene and xylene at the same rate in a well-mixed system containing excess nitrate and either 2% oxygen or no oxygen. Toluene utilization was much more rapid when 20% oxygen was provided. The data presented, as well as data in the literature, suggest that for the degradation of these aromatic hydrocarbons, limited amounts of oxygen provide no advantage over anoxic denitrification.
The clinical significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia.

Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) is an arrhythmia not often associated with symptoms; however, its occurrence in patients with structural heart disease is a prognostic indicator of an increased risk of mortality and sudden death. The management of asymptomatic patients with NSVT should first attempt to identify which patients are at highest risk for cardiac arrest, and second, devise a treatment that can reduce the incidence and/or mortality of cardiac arrest in this group. In patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and NSVT, programmed electrical stimulation identifies both a low and high risk group with respect to occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias. The negative predictive value of programmed electrical stimulation in patients with CAD and NSVT has been well established; however, uncertainty remains as to the optimal therapy for CAD patients with inducible ventricular arrhythmias. A number of reports suggest that patients whose inducible ventricular arrhythmias are rendered noninducible with antiarrhythmic drugs have a much lower risk of sudden death. It is yet to be resolved whether arrhythmias rendered noninducible identify a subgroup at low risk for cardiac arrest, independent of treatment. There is some evidence to suggest that the frequency of NSVT in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy identifies a group at higher risk of sudden death. Programmed electrical stimulation adds little in helping to identify which of these patients are most likely to have cardiac arrest. The presence of NSVT in asymptomatic patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may identify a group at higher risk for cardiac arrest. Further clinical studies are needed to define the best management strategy for NSVT in different types of structural heart disease.
The use of proxy variables in housing price analysis

Abstract This paper presents a reexamination of data used by Berry to study housing prices in Chicago. The detailed data on 275 single-family houses are used to test the proposition that the tax assessment on improvements is a good proxy for the attributes of the houses. It is shown that the test used by Berry is irrelevant for the question of omitted variables bias, and the correct test is presented. It is concluded that the proxy corrects for a bias in the coefficient of percent black population, but increases the negative bias in the coefficient of percent Latino population.
Alkylation of Isobutane with C3−C5 Olefins: Feedstock Consumption, Acid Usage, and Alkylate Quality for Different Processes

Commercial processes for alkylating isobutane with C3−C5 olefins often consume significantly different amounts of isobutane and olefin feeds when equal amounts of alkylate product are formed. Undesired byproducts, including light (C3−C5) paraffins and isoparaffins, acid-soluble oils (ASOs or conjunct polymers), and pseudo-alkylates (mixtures of C5−C16 isoparaffins having low octane numbers), are produced in variable amounts. About 0.6−3.0% of the olefins often reacts to produce ASOs and pseudo-alkylates. For alkylations with HF as the catalyst, isobutane consumptions are often 6−15% higher for production of a given amount of alkylate than for those with sulfuric acid. Several details pertaining to feedstock consumption are reported for what is thought to be the first time. Recent improvements that reduce feedstock demands, reduce byproduct formation, and increase the quality (or octane number) of the alkylate product are discussed.
Prehistoric radio-ulnar synostosis: implications for function

Proximal radio-ulnar synostosis (RUS) may occur congenitally, either as an isolated condition or as part of a syndrome, or it may occur as a secondary complication of forearm trauma. We provide a key for the differential diagnosis of congenital versus traumatic RUS, and for differentiation between types of congenital RUS. Congenital cases (CRUS) include absence of fracture, radial head abnormalities, radial shaft bowing, and absence of a sigmoid notch, whereas post-traumatic RUS results from either radial neck fracture or evulsion of the biceps brachii, followed by ossification of the resulting haematoma or of the interosseous (IO) membrane. Congenital cases include those which result from incompetent differentiation of the single mesenchymal mass that gives rise to the radius and ulna (Type I) and those that result from radial head dislocation in utero, resulting usually from humeral or ulnar defects (Type II). Type II CRUS can be differentiated by the presence of radial overgrowth, among other factors. Following these guidelines, we describe and compare the morphology of three congenital cases from North America. Two present bony fusions and one a functional fusion with radial overgrowth. In each case, CRUS significantly limits both supination and pronation. Despite differences among the cases, several morphological accommodations are shared as a result of fixation in the neutral (semi-pronated) position. These changes include the ventral migration of the IO crests of the ulnae and enlargement of the dorsal tubercles of the radius. Understanding the pattern of accommodations made in the face of compromised function ultimately increases our understanding of the patterns of growth in normal functional regimes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hormones and the barnacle muscle fiber as a preparation.

Abstract 1. 1. This minireview discusses the use of single barnacle muscle fibers as a model system for studying hormonal actions. 2. 2. The response of barnacle muscle fibers to serotonin, proctolin, octopamine, aldosterone and insulin is described. Recent data relating to the actions of these hormones on other invertebrate and vertebrate preparations is touched upon. 3. 3. The use of the barnacle muscle fiber as a preparation to investigate hormone-stimulated protein phosphorylation is emphasized.
Alterations in nociception following lesions of the A5 catecholamine nucleus.

Abstract Neurons located in the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), a region important in the control of nociception, appear to be tonically inhibited by noradrenergic (NA) neurons. Anatomical studies have suggested that the A5 catecholamine nucleus may be the primary source of noradrenergic neurons whose terminals are located in the NRM. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of A5 neurons in the modulation of nociception. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the A5 nuclei produced a marked and long-lasting antinociception as assessed by both the tail-flick and hot-plate tests. Unilateral A5 lesions also produced a long-lasting elevation in hot-plate latency, but the elevation of tail-flick latency was smaller in magnitude and was only observed one day following the lesion. This finding is consistent with previous studies which have shown that blockade of the NA input to the NRM by the microinjection of NA antagonists also produces antinociception. These data indicate that neurons located in the A5 nucleus may be the origin of this NA projection to the NRM. The elevation in tail-flick latency observed following A5 lesions was significantly attenuated by the intrathecal injection either the NA antagonist phentolamine or the serotonergic antagonist methylsergide. However, the elevation in hot-plate latency was not significantly altered by these monoaminergic antagonists. Similarly, previous studies have shown that the elevation in tail-flick, but not hot-plate latency, produced by the microinjection of NA antagonists in the NRM is attenuated by the intrathecal injection of either phentolamine or methysergide. These data suggest that the antinociception induced by lesions in the A5 region is mediated, at least in part, by the activation of spinally-projecting NA and serotonergic pathways. The results of these studies lead to the suggestion that the NA neurons located in the A5 modulate nociception by tonically inhibiting raphe-spinal neurons located in the NRM.
Spatial Sensing of Stimulus Gradients Can Be Superior to Temporal Sensing for Free-Swimming Bacteria

Predictions of the minimal size an organism must have to swim along stimulus gradients were used to compare the relative advantages of sensory systems employing spatial (simultaneous) and temporal (sequential) gradient detection mechanisms for small free-swimming bacteria, leading to the following conclusions: 1) there are environmental conditions where spatial detection mechanisms can function for smaller organisms than can temporal mechanisms, 2) temporal mechanisms are superior (have a smaller size limit) for the difficult conditions of low concentration and shallow gradients, but 3) observed bacterial chemotaxis occurs mostly under conditions where spatial mechanisms have a smaller size limit, and 4) relevant conditions in the natural environment favor temporal mechanisms in some cases and spatial mechanisms in others. Thus, sensory ecology considerations do not preclude free-swimming bacteria from employing spatial detection mechanisms, as has been thought, and microbiologists should be on the lookout for them. If spatial mechanisms do not occur, the explanation should be sought elsewhere.
Fluid motions the solar chromosphere-corona transition region. II Active region flows in C IV from narrow slit Dopplergrams

From a study of Dopplergrams made with two narrow slits in the opposite wings of the C IV line, lambda1548, we find widespread evidence for steady flow patterns associated with large sunspots and, on a larger scale, with active region magnetic field patterns. The characteristic sunspot flow is in the reverse Evershed sense with a substantial vertical component. Active region flows indicate oppositely directed velocities with mainly horizontal components on either side of magnetic neutral lines. Some neutral lines show flow toward the neutral line, whereas others show flow away from the neutral line.
Autism spectrum disorders: emerging pharmacotherapy.

Autism, Asperger and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) are an increasingly commonly identified group of conditions wherein patients experience significant difficulty in social interactions, communicating with others, and inflexible adherence to unusual, unhelpful and frequently stereotyped routines and behaviour. These autism spectrum disorders are now being diagnosed earlier in life (~ 15 months), and often remain a chronic, daily burden for those afflicted. In addition to the often profound impact on an individual’s quality of life, the familial, social and economic burdens of PDDs can be enormous. No treatments are curative, and most pharmacological treatments are employed to treat specific troubling symptoms rather than the core features of the disorder itself. Therefore, more effective pharmacotherapies are desperately needed. This review describes current and emerging pharmacotherapies that may advance care of people with PDDs.
American Art Therapy Association, Inc.: 1998-1999 Membership Survey Report

Every other year, the American Art Therapy Association (AATA) sends its members a survey regarding member demographics, work status, and various other attributes. These surveys are then compiled to create a more generalized view of the current AATA membership. The surveys over the years have been changed slightly to accommodate new information; however, the bulk of the survey format has remained the same. The current survey added information regarding AATA membership category, the encouraging and discouraging factors regarding the AATA Annual Conference, and main theoretical orientation. The following report provides the various results obtained from the 1998-1999 survey. These data are presented in written as well as graphic form. Approximately 4,490 surveys were mailed to AATA members and 1,846 surveys were returned, resulting in a 41.1% return rate.
Molecular complexes of chloroform with methyl-substituted 1,3-dioxanes

The 1H NMR method was used to study the relative electron donor capacity of a number of methyl-substituted 1,3-dioxanes in complex formation with chloroform. The spectral and thermodynamic parameters of 1∶1 H-complexes were determined. The values of the chemical shifts from the hydrogen bond in the complexes vary in correlation with the charges on the oxygen atoms of the investigated bases, calculated by the CNDO/2 method.
Poverty and placement outcomes of Intensive Family Preservation Services

It is argued that Intensive Family Preservation Services (IFPS) often fail to prevent the out-of-home placement of children because family poverty impedes long-term effectiveness of the interventions. Current research is examined to demonstrate that families with lower socioeconomic status have higher rates of substitute care placement and that many IFPS families do not have the minimum income commonly assumed necessary to facilitate successful therapeutic interventions. Research also shows that poverty contributes to child abuse and neglect, to mental health problems, and to juvenile delinquency, resulting in a disproportionate representation of poor children in the three child systems. Until family poverty is significantly reduced, IFPS will continue to have disappointing results for a sizeable portion of their clientele.
DO BREEDING PHASE AND DETECTION DISTANCE INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVE AREA SURVEYED FOR NORTHERN GOSHAWKS

Abstract Broadcast surveys using conspecific calls are currently the most effective method for detecting northern goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) during the breeding season. These surveys typically use alarm calls during the nestling phase and juvenile food-begging calls during the fledgling-dependency phase. Because goshawks are most vocal during the courtship phase, we hypothesized that this phase would be an effective time to detect goshawks. Our objective was to improve current survey methodology by evaluating the probability of detecting goshawks at active nests in northern Minnesota in 3 breeding phases and at 4 broadcast distances and to determine the effective area surveyed per broadcast station. Unlike previous studies, we broadcast calls at only 1 distance per trial. This approach better quantifies (1) the relationship between distance and probability of detection, and (2) the effective area surveyed (EAS) per broadcast station. We conducted 99 broadcast trials at 14 active breeding areas. When po...
William of Sherwood&#39;s Treatise on Obligations

SUMMARYThis paper investigates the nature and function of scholastic logical work on obligationes as they are presented in William of Sherwood's treatise on the subject. After a brief survey of contemporary discussion of obligationes, I explain the nature of an obligations disputation, as Sherwood presents it, and make some suggestions about the sources of and reasons for early scholastic interest in obligations. Taking into account various other 13th-century treatises on obligations, I analyze several sections of Sherwood's treatise in order to indicate what the purpose and function of obligations are in Sherwood's treatment of them. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of the relation between obligations and insolubilia.RESUMEExaminer la nature et la fonction de l'oeuvre logique de la Scolastique relative aux obligationes, dans la presentation que fait de celles-ci le traite de Guillaume de Sherwood, tel est l'objet du present article. Apres un survol des discussions de l'epoque a propos des obligationes, j'explique la nature d'une 'disputation' sur les obligations, telle que la presente Sherwood, et je propose quelques suggestions sur les sources et les raisons de l'interet porte aux obligations par la Scolastique naissante. Tenant compte de divers autres traites du XIIIe siecle sur les obligations, j'analyse plusieurs sections du traite de Sherwood, afin de mettre en lumiere quel but et quelle fonction l'auteur attribue aux obligations dans l'etude qu'il en fait. L'article se termine par une breve discussion du rapport existant entre obligationes et insolubilia.
J. Walter Thompson, the Good Neighbor Policy, and Lessons in Mexican Business Culture, 1920-1950

This article looks at the corporate history of J. Walter Thompson to examine the nature of U.S.-Mexican relations in the aftermath of the Great Depression and World War II. It contends that local conditions, along with a cadre of "progressive" Good Neighbor Policy diplomats, forced American companies to adopt the role of "commercial diplomats," altering the nature of what, up to 1940, had been a tense and bitter binational relationship. The article shows how Thompson's role as a commercial diplomat changed its previous "capitalist missionary" approach and how it complemented American diplomacy, including national security measures to displace German commercial influence in Mexico during Word War II.
Structural and transglutaminase substrate properties of the small proline-rich 2 family of cornified cell envelope proteins.

The small proline-rich (SPR) proteins are components of the cornified cell envelope of stratified squamous epithelia and become cross-linked to other proteins by transglutaminases (TGases). The SPR2 family is the most complex, as it consists of several differentially expressed members of the same size. To explore their physical and cross-linking properties, we have expressed in bacteria a human SPR2 family member, and purified it to homogeneity. By circular dichroism, it possesses no α or β structure but has some organized structure associated with the central peptide repeat domain. The TGase 1, 2, and 3 enzymes expressed in epithelia use the recombinant SPR2 protein as a complete substratein vitro, but with widely differing kinetic efficiencies, and in different ways. With TGase 1, only one glutamine on the head domain and one lysine on the tail domain were used for limited interchain cross-linking. With TGase 3, multiple head and tail domain residues were used for extensive interchain cross-linking. The total usage of glutamine and lysine residues in vitro by TGase 3 was similar to that seen in earlier in vivo studies. We conclude that SPR2 proteins are cross-linked in epithelia primarily by the TGase 3 enzyme, a minor extent by TGase 1, and probably not by TGase 2.
Writing Children Reinventing the Development of Childhood Literacy

Adult ways of writing—of constructing textual visions of—children are linked to their ways of envisioning themselves and, more broadly, to their perceptions of fully “developed” adults. Thus develo...
The binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to replicating and non-replicating DNA in cell culture

Abstract Replicating and non-replicating DNA were isolated in an isopycnic density gradient from cultured fetal mouse skin cells after incubation with 5-bromodeoxyuridine for 15 h. 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, when incubated in the cultures simultaneously with bromodeoxyuridine, binds to both replicating and non-replicating DNA. Binding was reproducibly greater to the non-replicating DNA. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation into the replicating DNA molecule is not an important cause of the reduced binding of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene.
Food rejection by female rhesus monkeys during the menstrual cycle and early pregnancy

Abstract Two hundred and two female rhesus monkeys were monitored for completion of meals and instances of food rejection during nonpregnant menstrual cycles and during pregnancy. Two prominent periods of increased food rejection were found. The first occurred midway through the menstrual cycle, around the expected time of ovulation. Incidence of food rejection during this periovulatory period was significantly greater than that observed during the early follicular or midluteal stages of the cycle. Food rejection also rose sharply during the third through the fifth weeks of pregnancy and then tapered off over the next month and a half. The feeding changes during early rhesus pregnancy are contrary to what has been described for rodents, but the pattern is consistent with the incidence of nausea and feeding changes reported for human pregnancies. The observations on rhesus females indicated a systematic relationship between levels of food intake and reproductive condition in primates. When feeding changes are compared to reports of endogenous estrogen and progesterone determinations, a positive correlation is noted between incidence of food rejection and levels of circulating estrogens.
The effect of some common inactivation procedures on the antigens of bovine herpesvirus 1

Abstract Bovine embryonic kidney cells were infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) or were sham-inoculated. When cytopathic effect was apparent, the cells were treated with beta-propiolactone, formalin, heat (56°C), or ultraviolet irradiation until the virus was inactivated. Infected-treated, infected-untreated (IU) and sham-inoculated cultures were solubilized using Triton X-100 detergent. Resulting preparations were tested by 2-dimensional- and fused rocket-immunoelectrophoresis and were evaluated for their ability to inhibit virus neutralization by BHV1 antiserum. Eleven viral antigens were detected consistently in IU preparations, which strongly inhibited virus neutralization. Eight or more IU antigens were detected in beta-propiolactone-treated, formalin-treated and heat-treated preparations; these inhibited virus neutralization less strongly than the IU preparations. No IU antigens were detected in ultraviolet-treated preparations, nor did this material inhibit virus neutralization. One of the IU antigens was reduced preferentially by all treatments. The selective destruction of antigens by the various treatments mightallow antigen-specific serological testing to distinguish vaccinated from naturally-exposed cattle.
Breakage and attrition in laboratory flotation machines

Resultats experimentaux de la rupture de quartz dans une machine de flottation a agitateur et stator en acier inoxydable
Aqueous Speciation of ansa- and non-ansa- Substituted [Cp2Mo(μ-OH)]2[OTs]2

Abstract Titration curves were measured for three molybdocene dimers, [Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 ( 4 ), [ Cp 2 ′ Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 ( 4′ ; Cp′ = C 5 H 4 CH 3 ), and ansa -[C 2 Me 4 Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 ( 4 a ), and for two monomeric molybdocene complexes, Cp 2 MoO ( 6 ) and Cp 2 MoCl 2 ( 1 ). The titration curves for 4 , 6 , and 1 were identical and showed three equivalence points each. The titration curve for 4′ was also similar in appearance but the equivalence points were shifted higher by ∼0.3, as expected for the more electron-rich Mo center in this molecule. The titration curve for the ansa -[C 2 Me 4 Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 complex showed only two equivalence points. Two of the equivalence points observed in the titration of 4 , 6 , and 1 were previously reported in potentiometric measurements of aqueous solutions of Cp 2 MoCl 2 and were attributed to the Cp 2 Mo(OH 2 ) 2+ species (p K a = 5.5 ± 0.1 and 8.3 ± 0.2). The third equivalence point (p K a = 2.2 ± 0.2) is assigned to protonation/deprotonation of the [Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 /[Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH 2 )(μ-OH)MoCp 2 ] 3+ dimer. A new equilibrium scheme is proposed for the aquated molybdocenes to provide a more complete picture of the aqueous speciation of the non- ansa molybdocene complexes, specifically by accounting for the third acidic proton in the titration curves and by describing the hydrolysis of Cp 2 MoO. Although the titration curve of the ansa -[C 2 Me 4 Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 complex is different from that of [Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 , 1 H NMR data suggest that the aqueous speciation of the ansa -[C 2 Me 4 Cp 2 Mo(μ-OH)] 2 [OTs] 2 complex is analogous to that of the non- ansa molybdocenes.
Stress intensity factor solutions for arbitrarily shaped surface flaws in reactor pressure vessel nozzle corners

Abstract Extensive experimental results—based on the frozen stress photoelasticity technique for extracting stress intensities—for nozzle corner cracks in ITV and BWR geometries were reported by Smith et al.1 Based on the above experimental studies, it was conjectured that if the crack shape inserted into a finite element model is not a real one, or if the inner fillet (for shallow flaws) or the outer boundary shape (for moderate to deep flaws) is improperly approximated, the obtained numerical results for stress intensity factors may differ significantly from the physical behaviour at the nozzle-vessel junction. On the other hand, almost all the numerical analyses published to date, based on finite elements, boundary integral equations or alternating techniques, considered only quarter-circular nozzle corner cracks. This paper presents stress intensity factor solutions for naturally shaped nozzle corner cracks in pressurised ITV and BWR vessels. Several actual crack geometries observed in the experimental work of Smith et al., cited above, are studied using the three-dimensional hybrid crack-element approach of Atluri et al.8 and Atluri and Kathiresan9 wherein the stress intensity factors and their variation along an arbitrarily shaped 3-D crack front are directly computed. In order to be able to compare the present results with the photoelastic experimental results (wherein the Poisson's ratio of the material is 0·5), some of the present numerical results are obtained for ν ⋍ 0·5 . In addition, some new solutions for stress intensity factors for pressurised thin (outer to inner radii ratios of ∼1·1 ) cylindrical vessels with belt-line flaws of semi-elliptical shapes of various aspect ratios and depth ratios are presented. Cases of surface flaws in the meridional direction—as well as in the circumferential direction—of the vessel are treated.
Full subunit coverage liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LCMS+) of an oligomeric membrane protein: cytochrome b(6)f complex from spinach and the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus.

Highly active cytochrome b6f complexes from spinach and the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus have been analyzed by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LCMS+). Both size-exclusion and reverse-phase separations were used to separate protein subunits allowing measurement of their molecular masses to an accuracy exceeding 0.01% (±3 Da at 30,000 Da). The products of petA, petB, petC, petD, petG, petL, petM, and petN were detected in complexes from both spinach and M. laminosus, while the spinach complex also contained ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase (Zhang, H., Whitelegge, J. P., and Cramer, W. A. (2001) Flavonucleotide:ferredoxin reductase is a subunit of the plant cytochrome b6f complex. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 38159–38165). While the measured masses of PetC and PetD (18935.8 and 17311.8 Da, respectively) from spinach are consistent with the published primary structure, the measured masses of cytochrome f (31934.7 Da, PetA) and cytochrome b (24886.9 Da, PetB) modestly deviate from values calculated based upon genomic sequence and known post-translational modifications. The low molecular weight protein subunits have been sequenced using tandem mass spectrometry (MSMS) without prior cleavage. Sequences derived from the MSMS spectra of these intact membrane proteins in the range of 3.2–4.2 kDa were compared with translations of genomic DNA sequence where available. Products of the spinach chloroplast genome, PetG, PetL, and PetN, all retained their initiating formylmethionine, while the nuclear encoded PetM was cleaved after import from the cytoplasm. While the sequences of PetG and PetN revealed no discrepancy with translations of the spinach chloroplast genome, Phe was detected at position 2 of PetL. The spinach chloroplast genome reports a codon for Ser at position 2 implying the presence of a DNA sequencing error or a previously undiscovered RNA editing event. Clearly, complete annotation of genomic data requires detailed expression measurements of primary structure by mass spectrometry. Full subunit coverage of an oligomeric intrinsic membrane protein complex by LCMS+ presents a new facet to intact mass proteomics.
PROSE: Scalable Routing in MANETs Using Prefix Labels and Distributed Hashing

We introduce the Prefix Routing Over Set Elements (PROSE) protocol for scalable routing in MANETs based on the combined use of prefix labels and distributed hashing. In PROSE, nodes use neighbor-to-neighbor signaling to label themselves with prefix labels that provide implicit routing from any node to any network destination. Nodes implement a distributed hash table to store the mappings between node identifiers (e.g., a MAC or IP address) and their prefix labels. Destinations publish their existence and sources subscribe to their intended destinations. We show that PROSE provides correct routing based on prefix labels and that its signaling overhead grows sub-linearly with the network size. We present simulation and testbed results that illustrate the benefits of PROSE compared to traditional MANET routing protocols.
Effects of chlorinated benzenes on diatom fatty acid composition and quantitative morphology. II. 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene.

Cells of the diatomCyclotella meneghiniana were exposed in a closed system to 0.245 ppm 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene. Response of the diatom was measured by quantitative ultrastructure and fatty acid percent composition over a 5-day period. During that time, 35 significant morphological and 12 fatty acid percent composition changes occurred. The most pronounced morphological change that occurred was a significant increase in lipid volume. In addition, changes were observed in vacuolar relative volume, suggesting that the tonoplast became more permeable. Fewer significant changes were observed in fatty acid percent composition upon exposure to this isomer. However, there was a consistent increase in oleic acid (C18∶1). The observed changes in morphological and fatty acid percent composition were uniformly distributed with time after the first hour of exposure. Results support the hypothesis that increased lipid stores may alter the timing of response to lipophilic toxicants.
A prior bout of contractions speeds V̇o2 and blood flow on-kinetics and reduces the V̇o2 slow-component amplitude in canine skeletal muscle contracting in situ

It was the purpose of this study to examine the effect of a priming contractile bout on oxygen uptake (Vo2) on-kinetics in highly oxidative skeletal muscle. Canine gastrocnemii (n = 12) were stimu...
Ferric ion removal from dilute acidic solutions by fixed-bed cation exchange

The removal of a trivalent ion (Fe+++) from acidic nitrate solutions by a fixed bed of Dowex-50 cation-exchange resin was studied at entering iron concentrations from 14 to 4 meq./liter, flow rates of 0.073 to 1.20 liters/(hr.)(sq. cm.), and bed sizes from 3.7 to 5.4 g. of dry resin/sq. cm. Acid strengths were below 0.45 N. The results were correlated is a relatively simple break-through equation based on the assumptions of an equilibrium extremely favorable to iron adsorption and liquid-film diffusion being the rate-controlling factor. The capacity of the resin for iron was dependent upon the acid concentration of the sulation. The results provide a design equation requiring a minimum of experimental work.
Continuous-time optimization of gate timing for synchronous rectification

Synchronous rectifiers, which use a controlled MOSFET in place of a standard p-n or Schottky rectifier, are an important technology for low-voltage power converters. Conventional control techniques for synchronous rectification are often very conservative, however, leaving room for improvement. This paper presents a method for monitoring current flow to adaptively optimize the relative timing of two gate signals for a buck converter with synchronous rectification. Theoretical development is given, along with experimental results for two low-voltage converters.
SNP discovery in complex allotetraploid genomes (Gossypium spp., Malvaceae) using genotyping by sequencing

Premise of the study: Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker discovery in plants with complex allotetraploid genomes is often confounded by the presence of homeologous loci (along with paralogous and orthologous loci). Here we present a strategy to filter for SNPs representing orthologous loci. Methods and Results: Using Illumina next-generation sequencing, 54 million reads were collected from restriction enzyme–digested DNA libraries of a diversity of Gossypium taxa. Loci with one to three SNPs were discovered using the Stacks software package, yielding 25,529 new cotton SNP combinations, including those that are polymorphic at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. Frequencies of predicted dual-homozygous (aa/bb) marker polymorphisms ranged from 6.7–11.6% of total shared fragments in intraspecific comparisons and from 15.0–16.4% in interspecific comparisons. Conclusions: This resource provides dual-homozygous (aa/bb) marker polymorphisms. Both in silico and experimental validation efforts dem...
CONSUMER EVALUATION OF THE PALATABILITY OF USDA SELECT, USDA CHOICE AND CERTIFIED ANGUS BEEF STRIP LOIN STEAKS FROM RETAIL MARKETS IN LUBBOCK, TEXAS, U.S.A.

Select, Choice and Certified Angus Beef (CAB) strip loin steaks were sold in Lubbock, TX to determine consumer acceptability. A home survey was attached to each package of steaks (return = 191 steak evaluations). Consumers did not detect differencesintendernessorflavor,butratedCABsteaksjuicier(P 0.05) between grades. Trained sensory panelistsratedCABsteakshigher(P < 0.05)thanChoiceorSelectforallpalatability traits except flavor intensity. Shear force decreased (P < 0.05) by quality grade as CAB steaks sheared with the least resistance. These results showed marbling influenced objective palatability measures and decreased the variation in both objective and consumer measures of palatability.
Approximation Theory on a Snowflake

Considered are the monic polynomials orthogonal with respect to the equilibrium measure on the family of Julia sets for the complex mappings z → (z-λ)2 where λ is a parameter. When λ = 2 they are the Chebychev polynomials on [0,4]. For all λ e C an infinite subsequence of the polynomials can be calculated; for λ > 0 they have the equal oscillation property on the Julia set, and for λ e (0,2] their zeros “interlace” on an underlying tree structure. They are relevant to approximation theory for functions defined on the Julia set.