cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proactive inhibition as a function of the conditions of transfer

Summary This study investigated long-term proactive inhibition as a function of the conditions of transfer during acquisition. The stimuli were CVC trigrams and the responses were English words. For Group A-B, A-C the successive responses to each stimulus were unrelated, whereas for Group A-B, A-B′ the two responses had strong preexperimental associations. These two conditions represent paradigms of negative and positive transfer, respectively. Both lists were learned to a criterion of one perfect trial and recall of the second list was tested after 48 hours. A Control Group learned and recalled a single list. Speed of List-2 learning was fastest for Group A-B′ and slowest for the Control Group, with Group A-C occupying an intermediate position. The divergence in the speed of acquisition was sufficiently great to produce substantial differences in the amount of overlearning of List-2 associations. Retention of List 2 was lower under both experimental conditions than under the control condition; but the amount of proactive inhibition based on the raw recall scores was significant only for Group A-B, A-C. It wa shown, however, that the differences in degree of List-2 learning resulted in a strong bias favoring superior recall by Group A-B′. When this bias is taken into account, there is evidence for proactive inhibition under conditions of maximal positive transfer as well of negative transfer.
Protofoil: storing and finding the information worker's paper documents in an electronic file cabinet

Although the document imaging industry has taken off in the last few years, document image filing for the individual information worker is still not widespread or effective. In this paper, we focus on building an electronic tiling system for paper documents that supports the ad hoc, multifarious work of information workers. Motivated by interviews with researchers and a survey of descriptive studies of paper document filing, we have focussed on minimizing or delaying costs of document filing and supporting a rich variety of methods for accessing and using stored documents. We have implemented a prototype system called Protofoil for storing, retrieving, and manipulating paper documents as electronic images that integrates many user interface-paper and workstation—and information retrieval technologies. Protofoil has been tested through use in our laboratory. and has been deployed in a field study at a lawyer’s office.
Quantitative evidence for dislocation emission from grain boundaries

The study of strain and strain rate on the residual microsture of deformed 304 stainless steel, it was found that small strains grain boundaries and twin boundaries serve principally as sources of dislocations which are generated in response to the requirement of strain compatibility. Although the features of emitted arrays may not be distinguishable from the features of pile-ups, the comparison of dislocation densities near these boundaries to the grain interior and the lack of evidence of interior sources favors the concept of boundary emission. Dislocation pile-ups may still play an importatnt role in work hardening of poly crystals, especially at large strains. (FS)
Axisymmetric shapes and forces resulting from the interaction of a particle with a solidifying interface.

A steady state model of the interaction of a foreign particle with a solidifying interface in a microgravity environment is presented in order to examine the phenomenon of particle engulfment. The model considers the interception of a spherical impurity particle by a deformable solid-liquid interface. Three forces are present whenever the particle is in near contact with the solid front, namely, the disjoining pressure force, the thermal force, and the hydrodynamic pressure force. These forces arise due to (i) the disjoining pressure gradients resulting from the deformation of the interface behind the particle, (ii) the interface distortion caused by the difference between the coefficients of thermal conductance of the particle and melt, and (iii) the hydrodynamic pressure resulting from the melt flow driven by the pressure gradients in the gap between the particle and the interface. The model accounts for the modification of the melt's freezing point by these pressure terms. The dependence of the interface morphology on the various physical and processing parameters is revealed. These include the rate of solidification, the thermal gradient, the gap width, and the coefficients of thermal conductivity of the particle and the melt. The gap profile is calculated and used in the evaluation of the three forces that characterize the interaction. The analysis shows that the outcome of the interaction, i.e., particle engulfment or rejection, depends primarily on the competition between the hydrodynamic and thermal forces.
Quantitative laser-induced fluorescence of CH in atmospheric pressure flames

Absolute number densities of the CH radical were determined in a partially premixed methane/air flame (equivalence ratio was 1.36) at atmospheric pressure by exciting a predissociating level via the CH B–X(1,0) transition using a quasi-linear laser-induced fluorescence scheme. The peak number density was (1.0±0.4)×1013 cm-3 or 2.4±1 ppm at 1900 K, with a flame-front width of 250 μm (FWHM). Rotational energy transfer must be considered for correct laser-induced fluorescence signal interpretation. Competition between optical pumping and rotational relaxation in both excited and ground states produces a signal that varies almost linearly with laser pulse energy even for large pumping rates. For these conditions, the population of the initial ground-state rotational level is depleted by optical pumping, and rotational energy transfer collisions rapidly repopulate the level during the laser pulse. Deviations from linear behavior are less than 20%. The effects of spatial resolution and polarization of the fluorescence on the absolute measurements are also discussed.
Conversations about Recovery at and Away from a Drop-in Center among Members of a Collegiate Recovery Community

As the population of young adults in recovery from substance abuse increases, colleges are developing collegiate recovery communities. The goal of these communities is to provide students in recovery the opportunity to receive social support for abstinence from other abstaining individuals. To examine how social support in such a recovery community context occurs, this study analyzed 1,304 end-of-day reports made by 55 abstaining college students, 39 males and 16 females (mean age = 22.6). Two “talking with others about recovery” outcomes were examined: recovery talks outside of the community drop-in center and recovery talks at the drop-in center. Preliminary analyses revealed that the majority of recovery talks at and outside the drop-in center varied more between days within participants than they did across participants. Primary results revealed that daily levels of cravings and negative mood predicted same-day variation in recovery talks occurring outside of the drop-in center. In contrast, recovery ...
THE HUMORAL ACTIVITY OF THE AVIAN THYMIC MICROENVIRONMENT

The thymic microenvironment (composed of the lymphoepithelial stroma and the secretory products of the thymic epithelium) provides the required milieu for the development of the thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells). There is limited information characterizing or identifying the active secretory components of the avian thymus. The work discussed here has focused on examination of the presence, regulation, and activity of one of the thymic hormones (thymulin) in the chicken. A thymulin-like product has been shown to exist in chicken serum as assessed by the mammalian bioassay and an ELISA immunoassay; thymectomy removes this product from the serum. Serum thymulin activity has been shown to be directly related to the thyroid status of the chick with the functionally hypothyroid Cornell sex-linked dwarf strain having lower levels than the euthyroid K strain. Alterations in circulating thymulin concentrations produced by daily thymulin injections resulted in an altered profile of the major peripheral blood T cell subpopulations and produced significant changes in the autoimmune pathology present within the Obese strain chicken. These approaches represent preliminary attempts to study the role of thymulin in avian immune development and in immune-neuroendocrine interactions.
Physical implications of the eclipsing binary pulsar

The observed characteristics of the msec pulsar P1957+20, discovered in an eclipsing binary by Fruchter et al. (1988), are considered theoretically. Model equations for the stellar wind and optical emission are derived and used to estimate the effective temperature and optical luminosity associated with wind excitation; then the energy levels required to generate such winds are investigated. The color temperature of the pulsar-heated stellar surface calculated under the assumption of adiabatic expansion is 1000-10,000 K, in good agreement with the observational estimate of 5500 K.
Characterization of freestanding polymer films for application in 351-nm, high-peak-power laser systems

Perfluorinated pellicles are screened for thickness uniformity, absence of birefringence, photolytic stability under prolonged UV irradia- tion, and survival strength under pulsed (0.5-ns) high-peak-power laser irradiation. Results prove them to be extraordinarily robust against laser damage, photolytically stable, and better in transmitted wavefront quality than can be measured by state-of-the-art interferometry. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(98)04102-6)
A diabatic mechanism for decadal variability in the tropics

Abstract Can atmospheric forcing of the ocean in high latitudes induce decadal variability in low latitudes? Most theoretical studies that have considered this question assign a critical role to adiabatic, advective, subsurface oceanic links between the tropics and extra-tropics. Observational evidence of such links is proving elusive. This study posits that given the constraint of a balanced heat budget for the ocean in a state of equilibrium, atmospheric forcing over a broad spectrum of frequencies in high latitudes can force decadal variability in low latitudes without any explicit evidence of oceanic links. The oceanic response to an abrupt change in diabatic forcing, a sudden increase in heat loss in high latitudes say, is characterized by two time-scales. The one, τw, is relatively short and is associated with planetary and coastal waves that propagate from the disturbed region to the equator (and then back to higher latitudes.) The other, τd, is on the order of a few years and depends on diabatic processes responsible for increasing the oceanic heat gain in low latitudes. Through these processes the system is driven towards a new balanced heat budget in which the heat gain, mainly in the equatorial upwelling zones, equals the heat loss in high latitudes. When the forcing, rather than abrupt, is sinusoidal with period P, then the amplitude of the response depends on the ratio P/τd. The response is modest when that ratio is small because the period P is too short for the ocean to adjust. As P gets larger compared to τd, the amplitude increases, but explicit evidence of the waves that connect high and low latitudes is very hard to detect. The ocean acts as a low pass filter to the forcing with characteristic timescale τd.
a Digital Overlay Technique for Evaluation of Potential Infiltration and Recharge

: A common problem encountered during regional planning and development of ground water dependent communities is the difficulty in deciding which areas should be preserved for aquifer recharge purposes. This paper describes the development and application of a digital overlay technique for objective evaluation and ranking of potential infiltration and potential recharge areas. Equations are developed which relate the hydrologic parameters pertaining to infiltration and recharge in a surface aquifer-confined aquifer system. These equations make use of discrete data, yet by application in a digital overlay technique results are obtained in the form of spatial distributions in order for regional trends and conditions to be examined. An application of this procedure to the 551,000 acre region of central Florida, known as the Green Swamp, is discussed. The results are presented in the form of computer generated maps which identify and rank areas of potential recharge to the aquifer system.
Lower extremity residual limb slippage within the prosthesis

Abstract Objective: The ability to measure skin surface slippage relative to the internal wall of a lower extremity prosthesis under various loading conditions is important for evaluation of socket fit and function, and creation of finite element models. Skin surface three-dimensional (3D) shape measurements with tracking of fiducial displacements in situ under axial loading of the prosthesis have not previously been reported. Analysis of slippage within the prosthesis has been performed using a new experimental measurement method based on spiral x-ray computed tomography (SXCT) imaging. Design: Small lead markers were placed on the residuum of an adult with a below-knee amputation, and SXCT scans were obtained with the prosthesis in situ under two static axial loading conditions (44.5N and 178N). The 3D scan data were used to assess slippage with three methods: gross displacement of the tibia and distal end of the residuum; relative displacement of markers; and distance measurements between markers. Results: The markers affixed to the below-knee skin surface within the prosthesis were measured. The skin slipped from 2 to 6mm relative to the internal prosthesis wall when an additional load of 133.5N was applied in the axial direction to the distal end of the prosthesis. The tibial remnant moved 10.0mm distally relative to the prosthesis internal wall. Conclusion: This method provides a feasible means for measuring residuum skin slippage relative to the prosthesis and skin deformation relative to tibia within an in situ prosthesis under load.
Diagnostic evaluation of autism spectrum disorders.

As illustrated in the examples above, referrals to autism specialty clinics frequently span the full spectrum of the disorder and often involve diverse symptom presentations. Such heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorders (ASDa) makes identification of the disorder a complex process. How are physicians to contend with this challenge in diagnosing ASD? Given such variability in symptom expression, what makes for a reasonable ASD evaluation? The past decade has seen many advances in the availability of standardized ASD testing tools as well as increased knowledge about the variability in symptom expression. In addition, researchers have learned much about caregivers’ varied experiences with the referral and diagnostic process that can inform clinical work. This chapter describes these insights with the goal of highlighting best practices for evaluating ASD.
Multiplicative conservation of baryon number and baryogenesis

Abstract In the canonical seesaw mechanism of neutrino mass, lepton number is only multiplicatively conserved, which enables the important phenomenon of leptogenesis to occur, as an attractive explanation of the present baryon asymmetry of the Universe. A parallel possibility, hitherto unrecognized, also holds for baryon number and baryogenesis. This new idea is shown to be naturally realized in the context of a known supersymmetric string-inspired extension of the Standard Model, based on E 6 particle content, and having an extra U ( 1 ) N gauge symmetry. Within this framework, two-loop radiative neutrino masses are also possible, together with a new form of very long-lived matter.
Blastomyces dermatitidis: Production of the Sexual Stage

Growth of five combinations of strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis in paired cultures on yeast-extract agar, plus bone meal, yielded the perfect stage for the first time. These cleistothecia, apparently of a new genus, produced eight spored asci. Monoascospore cultures developed hyphae and conidia typical of B. dermatitidis. Mice were successfully infected with inocula from a monoascospore culture.
Turbulence Characteristics In Free Surface Flows Over Smooth And Rough Boundaries

(1971). Turbulence Characteristics In Free Surface Flows Over Smooth And Rough Boundaries. Journal of Hydraulic Research: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 43-71.
Land Without Evil: Utopian Journeys Across the South American Watershed

All too often, travel writers plunge into seemingly obscure parts of the globe with little knowledge of where they are, whom they are among, or what has happened there in the past. In this trend-breaking anti travel book, Richard Gott describes his own journey through the heart of South America, across the swampland that forms the watershed between the River Plate and the River Amazon. But the story of his expedition takes second place to a brilliant resurrection of the historical events in the area over five hundred years, of the people who have lived there and the visitors who have made the same journey. The land crossed by the Upper Paraguay river once formed the contested frontier in South America between Spanish and Portuguese territory. The Portuguese sent expeditions through it in attempts to reach the Spanish silver mines of the Andes, and the Jesuits (supported by the monarch in Madrid) established strategic hamlets - the famous Indian missions - to stabilize the frontier. But this was not the beginning or end of conflict in the area. Earlier, the Guarani-speaking Indian nations of Paraguay had made violent contact across the swamp with the Quechua-speakers of the Inca empire; later, after the departure of the Spaniards, the nineteenth century witnessed a prolonged period of purposeful extermination of the local peoples. Since the Spanish conquest, the area has seen an endless procession of newcomers pursuing unsuitable and utopian programmes of economic and social development that have inevitably ended in disaster for the local population. Intermingling accounts of his own travels over many years with those Jesuit priests, Spanish conquistadors and Portuguese Mamelukes, together with those of other visitors such as Alcides D'Orbigny, Theodore Roosevelt, and Claude Levi-Strauss, Richard Gott weaves a complex web of narrative that brings to life the almost unknown frontier land of Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Both gripping and polemical, Land Without Evil is a significant contribution to our knowledge of South America.
Coefficients of fractional parentage of many-boson systems

Abstract A very compact way is presented to calculate coefficients of fractional parentage (cfp), needed in constructing wave functions for states belonging to a large number of quadrupole phonons. Examples are also given of the use of thus constructed cfp in evaluating matrix elements of some operators of the form of products of phonon creation and annihilation operators.
Low-order simultaneous stabilization of linear bicycle models at different forward speeds

Linear models of bicycles with rigidly attached riders, operating at different forward speeds, are considered as a challenging platform for the simultaneous stabilization problem. It is shown that any number of such models obtained at reasonable speeds can be simultaneously stabilized using simple, low-order controllers with only the steering torque as input. Stabilizing controllers for individual systems modeled at extremely low speeds are also proposed.
Use of a new pirkle‐type chiral stationary phase in analytical and preparative subcritical fluid chromatography of pharmaceutical compounds

Good results have been obtained with use of the new bonded chiral stationary phase Whelk-O 1 in analytical and preparative subcritical fluid chromatography. A wide variety of enantiomeric pairs of compounds with different functional groups that are of pharmaceutical and biological interest have been resolved. This Pirkle-concept CSP appears to be more rugged than cellulosic phases (e.g., Chiralcel) with regards to solvents and pressure. In comparing the usefulness of the column for SFC versus HPLC chiral analysis, we have observed a clear superiority of SFC in terms of higher speed and efficiency of analysis, and faster method development. This is consistent with our experience with Chiralcel CSPs. With the Whelk-O 1 we have shown that the effects of temperature and modifier on SFC separations are similar to what has been reported for most other CSPs. We also observed a unique selectivity advantage of SFC for verapamil. We had good success with using a 1-in. diameter column packed with Whelk-O 1 to perform preparative SFC separations of a number of enantiomeric mixtures. The advantages of preparative SFC over preparative HPLC will be discussed. The feasibility of preparative SFC is dependent on how well we meet the practical challenges such as sample introduction issues, special hardware requirements due to the high pressure, and fraction collection issues. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Random-matrix approach to light scattering on complex particles

A monochromatic electromagnetic wave equation is described by the stationary Maxwell equation. The scattering potential is nonzero inside the scatterers and vanishes outside. It contains all the information about the scattering process: (/spl epsi/) is the dielectric coefficient of the medium, /spl sigma/ is the electric conductivity of the medium and /spl mu//sub 0/ is the permeability of the medium. The structure of the differential operator can be represented as 3/spl times/3 matrices. The algebra of these matrices and the fact that the coefficients are symmetric operators reveals a fundamental structure of the light scattering theory. The scattering properties are described within a statistical theory leading also to statistical results.
Statistical relational databases: normal forms

Problems associated with defining normal forms of relational tables relevant to statistical processing are discussed. The concepts of derived identifier, class identifier, derived class-counts, count domains, compact domains, and uniform domains for statistical relational tables are introduced. The structures of the first and the second statistical-normal forms and the relational decompositions needed to achieve them are also discussed. It is shown that the statistical-normal form can be an important method to determine whether the usual statistical analysis techniques are valid. Some suggestions are presented for extending the structured query language (SQL) statements to achieve these operations on statistical relational tables. Some results linking Codd's normal forms with statistical normal forms are discussed. Relational statistical abnormalities, called outlyers, are also discussed. >
Toxicity of commonly-used antimalarial drugs.

Drug toxicity is considered by national and international registration authorities in deciding whether an agent can reasonably be recommended for a medical condition. After registration, drug toxicity is considered by individual physicians when deciding which of several registered agents should be used for a patient’s medical condition. The purpose of this review is to update travel medicine physicians on the adverse events associated with antimalarial drugs. The historical evolution of antimalarial agents and a consensus view of their general side effects will first be presented. Then, reports from 2000 to the present will be reviewed to provide recent data on specific toxicity parameters to aid decision making by physicians and patients.
In vivo metabolic spectroscopy identifies deficits in mitochondrial quality and capacity in aging skeletal muscle.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a metabolic disorder that is pervasive in disease and that has profound clinical impact (total PubMed citations as of 2014 for mitochondrial dysfunc-tion and disease number more than 9,700). The integration of mitochondrial function with cell health places the mitochon-dria at the heart of many diseases, as well as identifying them as an attractive target for interventions to improve health. Our ability to understand the mechanisms by which mitochondria contribute to pathology in conditions as diverse as diabetes, cancer, and aging, and to translate basic research into the clinic will depend on our ability to study mitochondrial function in the context of the physiological environment. However, only recently have noninvasive approaches permitted study of this dysfunction
(1,1′‐Biphenyl)‐2‐yldicyclohexylphosphine

[247940-06-3] C24H31P (MW 350.48) InChI = 1S/C24H31P/c1-4-12-20(13-5-1)23-18-10-11-19-24(23)25(21-14-6-2-7-15-21)22-16-8-3-9-17-22/h1,4-5,10-13,18-19,21-22H,2-3,6-9,14-17H2 InChIKey = LCSNDSFWVKMJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used as a ligand for a variety of palladium-catalyzed reactions) Alternate Name: 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)biphenyl. Physical Data: mp 103 °C. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white crystalline solid. Purification: recrystallized from hot methanol. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stable to air and moisture.
Dynamic pyrometamorphism during atmospheric entry of large (˜10 micron) pyrrhotite fragments from cluster IDPs

Petrological changes in Ni-free and low-Ni pyrrhotite, and much less in pentlandite, during atmospheric entry flash-heating of the sulfide IDPs L2005E40, L2005C39, and L2006A28 support 1) ferrous sulfide oxidation with vacancy formation and Fe^(3+) ordering; and 2) Fe-oxide formation and sulfur vapor loss through abundant vesicles. Melting of metastable chondritic aggregate materials at the IDP surface has occurred. All changes, e.g., formation of a continuous maghmite rim, proceeded as solid-state reactions at a peak heating temperature of ~700 °C. This temperature in combination with particle size and density suggest a ~10 km/s^(-1) entry velocity. The IDPs probably belonged to cluster IDPs that entered the atmosphere with near-Earth or Earth-crossing asteroid velocities. They could be debris from extinct or dormant comet nuclei, which is consistent with shock comminution of pyrrhotite in these IDPs.
The implementation of time-domain diakoptics in the FDTD method

The time-domain diakoptics is implemented in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method with two types of connecting interfaces: i) directional interface (TLM-type), and ii) total-field interface (FDTD-type). The FDTD-type interface provides a more efficient way to realize time-domain diakoptics than TLM, especially for device optimization problems. To emulate the TLM-type interface in FDTD, two novel algorithms are developed in this paper. One is to implement an ultra-wideband absorbing boundary on the excitation plane during excitation. The other is to separate directional waves without the knowledge of incident waves. For a large circuit with cascaded modules, sequential and parallel algorithms are provided to connect them. With these connecting algorithms, time-domain diakoptics is one candidate method to realize modular and parallel computation in FDTD simulations. The validity of these algorithms is confirmed by comparison with simulated results from Microwave SPICE. >
Developing a Collaborative Partnership Through a Professional Development School

We encourage our readers to submit ideas, suggestions, or manuscripts for Spotlight. This feature of Intervention focuses on a specific school program, clinic, camp, or individual concerned with special and remedial education. We would be pleased to assist our readers in developing an article for this column.—GW
Solid malignancies among patients in the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial

Objective. Etanercept is a soluble fusion protein designed to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF). During the Wegener’s Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET), a placebo-controlled trial of etanercept given in addition to standard therapy for remission induction and maintenance, more solid malignancies were observed in the etanercept group than in the group treated with standard therapy alone. This study was undertaken to further explore the potential association between anti-TNF therapy and the development of malignancy in these patients. Methods. One hundred eighty patients with active WG were enrolled and followed up for a median of 27 months. At enrollment, disease characteristics, treatment history, specific medical history items, and information about previous WG treatments and risk factors for malignancy were recorded. During the trial, the occurrence of malignancies and other adverse events was recorded prospectively. Results. All 6 solid malignancies observed during the WGET occurred in the etanercept group (P 0.01 versus placebo group); based on a comparison of ageand sex-specific incidence rates, 1.92 solid malignancies would have been expected in this group. The solid malignancies included 2 cases of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon, 1 each of metastatic cholangiocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma, and 1 recurrent liposarcoma. There were no differences between the 2 treatment groups in sex distribution, disease severity, personal or family history of cancer, or tobacco and alcohol use. The etanercept group was older at baseline and less likely to be newly diagnosed with WG at the time of randomization. Patients who developed solid tumors were older than patients who did not. All etanercept-treated patients who developed solid tumors were also treated with cyclophosphamide during the trial. However, there were no differences between the groups in the amount of cyclophosphamide received during the trial or the percentage who had received cyclophosphamide before enrollment. There were also no differences in the mean duration of daily cyclophosphamide therapy or the maximum daily cyclophosphamide dosage before enrollment. Conclusion. Data from the WGET, the first sub
CC chemokine receptor 5 deletion impairs macrophage activation and induces adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction.

Post-myocardial infarction (MI), chemokine homing of inflammatory cells into the injured left ventricle (LV) regulates ventricular remodeling, in part by stimulating the extracellular matrix response. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a key chemokine receptor expressed on macrophages, and CCR5 ligands are highly upregulated post-MI. We hypothesized that deletion of CCR5 would attenuate adverse remodeling by decreasing inflammatory cell recruitment. Accordingly, we examined LV function, macrophage recruitment and activation, and collagen content in wild-type (WT, n = 25) and CCR5 null (n = 33) mice at 7 days post-MI. Both groups had similar infarct sizes (44 ± 2% in WT and 42 ± 2% in CCR5 null; P = 0.37). However, the LV remodeling index (end diastolic volume/LV mass) increased to a larger extent in CCR5 null (1.28 ± 0.08 μl/mg for CCR5 null and 1.02 ± 0.06 μl/mg for WT; P 50% decrease in gene expression levels of proinflammatory activation markers (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α), as well as anti-inflammatory activation markers (arginase 1, CD163, mannose receptor, and transforming growth factor-β1) compared with WT (all P < 0.05). Concomitant with the reduced macrophage activation, heat shock protein-47 and collagen type I precursor levels in the infarct region decreased in the CCR5 null (1.2 ± 0.3 units in the CCR5 null and 2.3 ± 0.4 units in the WT; P < 0.05), while collagen fragments increased (88.3 ± 5.9 units in the CCR5 null and 32.7 ± 8.5 units in the WT; P < 0.05). We conclude that CCR5 deletion impairs LV remodeling by hindering macrophage activation, which stimulates an imbalance in collagen metabolism and increases the remodeling index.
Link Envelope Correlation in the Backscatter Channel

High-frequency backscatter radio systems operate in the dyadic backscatter channel, a pinhole channel whose envelope probability density function and bit-error-rate performance are strongly affected by link envelope correlation - the envelope correlation between the forward and backscatter links of the dyadic backscatter channel. This paper shows that link envelope correlation is most detrimental for backscatter radio systems using co-located reader transmitter and receiver antennas and a single RF transponder antenna. It is shown that using separate reader antennas and multiple RF transponder antennas will decrease link envelope correlation effects and a near maximum bit-error-rate can be achieved with link envelope correlation less than 0.6.
Co-opetition and Technological Innovation in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: A Multilevel Conceptual Model

Small and Medium‐Sized Enterprises (SMEs) face tremendous challenges in their attempt to pursue technological innovations. This paper argues that co‐opetition strategy—simultaneous pursuit of compe...
Characterization of a high frequency Beverage antenna using a fiber-optic measurement technique

R.W.P. King (1983, 1990) has proposed a rigorous, generalized theory for the Beverage antenna above a dielectric half-space. The authors report extensive experimental and theoretical investigations that validate King's theory for a high-frequency Beverage antenna located above the earth. The antenna consists of a No.14 gauge copper wire, 180 ft in length, supported above the ground by wooden posts. One end of the antenna is connected to a signal source through a transformer/balun, and the other end is terminated in a suitable matched load. A novel fiber-optic measurement set-up has been used to measure the complex propagation constant (attenuation and phase velocity) of the current distribution along the antenna for various frequencies and antenna heights above ground. The amplitude and phase of the measured current distribution are shown to agree with those calculated from King's theory for two different antenna heights of 12 in and 64.5 in above the earth. >
Economic Transition And Business Risks In Chinese Private Firms: Disentangling Organizational And Project Risks

To the extent that firm decisions are made under uncertainty, all firms need to deal with risk. The concept of risk is relatively unexplored in transitional economies. This study attempts to examine risk issues in Chinese private firms during different phases of economic transition. I distinguish between organizational and project level risks and argue that China’s economic transition affects the two levels of risk in different ways. I investigate private firms’ risk behavior based on the specific risk they face. My central argument is that firm risk needs to be examined beyond a unidimensional perspective and firms’ risk behavior may vary, depending on the risk they deal with. This study takes a step toward understanding the relationship between private property and risk taking in China’s transitional economy, a question raised by Phan, Zhou, and Abrahamson (2010) recently.
Consequences of vine infestation: Linking abiotic influences and biotic interactions to successional and structural changes in coastal communities

9 Introduction 9 Methods 12 Results 15 Discussion 18 Conclusion 22 Literature Cited 24 Tables 29 Figure Legends 34 Figures 36
Recent advances in treatment of heart failure

With the total cases and economic burden of heart failure continuing to rise, there is an overwhelming need for novel therapies. Several drugs for heart failure have succeeded in preclinical and early-phase clinical trials, but most of them failed to show the real benefit in pivotal clinical trials. Meanwhile, the US Food and Drug Administration recently approved two promising new drugs to treat heart failure: ivabradine and sacubitril/valsartan. Furthermore, some of the newer agents in testing offer the potential for significant progress in addition to these drugs. Patiromer and zirconium cyclosilicate are attractive agents that are expected to prevent hyperkalemia during renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition, and serelaxin and urodilatin are promising drugs in the treatment of acute heart failure. Future clinical trials with more appropriate study designs, optimal clinical endpoints, and proper patient selection are mandatory to assess the true efficacy of these attractive compounds in clinical practice.
“Not in My Backyard”: The Effect of Substance Abuse Treatment Centers on Property Values

Residential treatment centers offer the most intense form of treatment for substance abuse and are often embedded in residential neighborhoods. As a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable ...
Mating-Induced Transcriptome Changes in the Reproductive Tract of Female Aedes aegypti.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a significant public health threat, as it is the main vector of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Disease control efforts could be enhanced through reproductive manipulation of these vectors. Previous work has revealed a relationship between male seminal fluid proteins transferred to females during mating and female post-mating physiology and behavior. To better understand this interplay, we used short-read RNA sequencing to identify gene expression changes in the lower reproductive tract of females in response to mating. We characterized mRNA expression in virgin and mated females at 0, 6 and 24 hours post-mating (hpm) and identified 364 differentially abundant transcripts between mating status groups. Surprisingly, 60 transcripts were more abundant at 0hpm compared to virgin females, suggesting transfer from males. Twenty of these encode known Ae. aegypti seminal fluid proteins. Transfer and detection of male accessory gland-derived mRNA in females at 0hpm was confirmed by measurement of eGFP mRNA in females mated to eGFP-expressing males. In addition, 150 transcripts were up-regulated at 6hpm and 24hpm, while 130 transcripts were down-regulated at 6hpm and 24hpm. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that proteases, a protein class broadly known to play important roles in reproduction, were among the most enriched protein classes. RNAs associated with immune system and antimicrobial function were also up-regulated at 24hpm. Collectively, our results suggest that copulation initiates broad transcriptome changes across the mosquito female reproductive tract, “priming” her for important subsequent processes of blood feeding, egg development and immune defense. Our transcriptome analysis provides a vital foundation for future studies of the consequences of mating on female biology and will aid studies seeking to identify specific gene families, molecules and pathways that support key reproductive processes in the female mosquito.
Treatment of Herpesvirus Infections in Hiv-Infected Individuals

OBJECTIVE:To discuss strategies available for the treatment of herpesvirus infections in individuals infected with HIV.DATA SOURCES:Information was obtained from controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials, abstracts, conference proceedings, and review articles.STUDY SELECTION:Emphasis was placed on controlled investigations in subjects infected with HIV.DATA EXTRACTION:Data from human studies were extracted by the author and evaluated according to the patient population studied, sample size, dosage regimen, and therapeutic response.DATA SYNTHESIS:Herpes group viruses are common opportunistic pathogens in HIV-infected individuals. Zoster, caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV), is an early indication of the loss of cell-mediated immunity and HIV disease progression. Anorectal mucocutaneous disease is the most common manifestation caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV). Acyclovir is the drug of choice for treatment of both VZV and HSV infections. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common life-threatening vira...
Effect of stable cesium on the retention of cesium 137 by rats.

SummaryIncreased dietary cesium does not enhance excretion of parenterally administered Cs137 by rats and, because of apparent toxic action, may decrease normal Cs137 excretion at dietary concentrations exceeding 6.5 × 10-3%
Widening the view: situating collective impact among frameworks for community-led change

Collective impact is a framework for achieving systems-level changes in communities through coordinated multi-sector collaborations. It has quickly gained influence in public health, education, and community development practice. Many adherents to the collective impact framework position it as a novel approach, however, and they often neglect many of the relevant findings from previous research on coalitions, interorganizational alliances, and other forms of organizational and cross-sector collaboration. Additionally, the collective impact model differs in important ways from other effective models for community-driven changes in systems and policies, including grassroots community organizing. This article situates collective impact in relation to similar approaches, makes key distinctions between the collective impact framework and principles for grassroots community organizing, and draws on these distinctions to offer recommendations for enhancing collaborative practice to address community issues. The ...
Abstract A13: Androgen receptor functions as an adaptor protein for recruitment of protein phosphatase 1a to chromatin and CDK9 mobilization

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. AR activity can be modulated by phosphorylation at multiple sites, with S81 phosphorylation mediated by CDK9 playing a particularly important role that may be due to enhancing recruitment of the coactivator p300. The CDK9/cyclin T complex (P-TEFb) is recruited to enhancer/promoter sites by BRD4, where it phosphorylates NELF and RNA polymerase 2 to stimulate transcriptional elongation. A large fraction of P-TEFb is held in an inactive state by association with a 7SK RNA complex, and can be released from this complex through dephosphorylation of CDK9 by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1). The major isoform of the PP1 catalytic subunit, PP1a, associates with a large number of regulatory proteins that target it to specific sites. PNUTS is a regulatory protein targeting PP1a to chromatin, but additional mechanisms that may target PP1a to chromatin to mediate CDK9 dephosphorylation and drive transcriptional elongation remain to be identified. We reported previously that AR could interact with PP1a, and that PP1a could enhance AR activity by dephosphorylating S650 in the AR hinge region and thereby prevent its nuclear export. In this study we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation that AR also recruits PP1a to androgen-stimulated enhancers, and show that PP1a inhibition with tautomycin prevents P-TEFb recruitment to AR-regulated genes and CDK9-mediated phosphorylation of RNA polymerase 2. We further show that PP1a binds to the AR ligand binding domain independently of ligand, and that this binding is negatively regulated by the androgen induced AR N/C-terminal interaction. Significantly, the AR N/C interaction impairs AR recruitment of coactivators prior to chromatin binding, but is disrupted on chromatin to enhance coactivator recruitment, which would also facilitate recruitment of PP1a. These findings indicate that AR functions as a PP1a regulatory protein targeting PP1a to chromatin, and thereby identify a novel mechanism for the selective recruitment of PP1a to a specific subset of genes where it can drive transcriptional elongation, and may also regulate mRNA splicing. Citation Format: Xiaming Liu, Yanfei Gao, Changmeng Cai, Steven Balk, Shaoyong Chen. Androgen receptor functions as an adaptor protein for recruitment of protein phosphatase 1a to chromatin and CDK9 mobilization. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Sep 24-27, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Genetic polymorphism at Val80 (rs700518) of the CYP19A1 gene is associated with body composition changes in women on aromatase inhibitors for ER (+) breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE Polymorphisms in the CYP19A1 (aromatase) gene influence disease-free survival and bone loss in patients taking aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. Because AI use results in severe estrogen deficiency that may lead to changes in body composition, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of the rs700518 polymorphism in the CYP19A1 gene on the changes in body composition among postmenopausal women who were treated with AIs for ER+ breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a 1-year prospective study of changes in body composition in postmenopausal women who were initiated on third-generation AIs for ER+ breast cancer. Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry at 6 and 12 months, serum estradiol by radioimmunoassay, and genotyping by a TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism allelic discrimination assay. RESULTS Eighty-two women could provide at least one follow-up body composition measurement. Women with the GG genotype for the rs700518 (G/A at Val80) developed a significant increase in truncal fat mass index (P=0.03) and a significant decrease in fat-free mass index (P=0.01) at 12 months relative to patients carrying the A allele (GA/AA). There was no significant difference in the changes in estradiol levels among the genotypes. CONCLUSION Patients with the GG genotype for the rs700518 polymorphism in the CYP19A1 gene are at risk for significant loss of fat-free mass and increase in truncal fat with AI therapy. Whether there are associated metabolic abnormalities and whether changes would persist with long-term AI therapy need to be confirmed in a larger study with a longer duration of follow-up.
CORPORATE CASH HOLDINGS AND CREDIT LINE USAGE

We investigate the factors driving the unprecedented rise in corporate liquidities since the 1970s. We find that an economy-wide reduction in the cost of holding liquidities and an increase in risk best explain the rise in cash holdings and the widespread use of credit lines. The structural estimation results shed light on two widely acknowledged motives for holding cash. The precautionary motive and the liquidity motive translate risk exposure into cash holdings. Our results, however, do not suggest that firms have become more prudent over time. It is higher liquidity needs that has forced firms to hold more cash and use more credit lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Dissolved organic carbon uptake in streams: A review and assessment of reach‐scale measurements

Quantifying the role that freshwater ecosystems play in the global carbon cycle requires accurate measurement and scaling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal in river networks. We reviewed reach-scale measurements of DOC uptake from experimental additions of simple organic compounds or leachates to inform development of aquatic DOC models that operate at the river network, regional, or continental scale. Median DOC uptake velocity (vf) across all measurements was 2.28 mm min−1. Measurements using simple compound additions resulted in faster vf (2.94 mm min−1) than additions of leachates (1.11 mm min−1). We also reviewed published data of DOC bioavailability for ambient stream water and leaf leachate DOC from laboratory experiments. We used these data to calculate and apply a correction factor to leaf leachate uptake velocity to estimate ambient stream water DOC uptake rates at the reach scale. Using this approach, we estimated a median ambient stream DOC vf of 0.26 mm min−1. Applying these DOC vf values (0.26, 1.11, 2.28, and 2.94 mm min−1) in a river network inverse model in seven watersheds revealed that our estimated ambient DOC vf value is plausible at the network scale and 27 to 45% of DOC input was removed. Applying the median measured simple compound or leachate vf in whole river networks would require unjustifiably high terrestrial DOC inputs to match observed DOC concentrations at the basin mouth. To improve the understanding and importance of DOC uptake in fluvial systems, we recommend using a multiscale approach coupling laboratory assays, with reach-scale measurements, and modeling.
Two Unpublished Sandburg Letters

(1989). Two Unpublished Sandburg Letters. ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 18-20.