cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC FUNCTION AND SURVIVAL IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

We aimed to assess the applicability of updated diastolic dysfunction (DD) grading and its association with hemodynamic variables and prognosis in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) whom underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). We retrospectively identified 237 consecutive
Phase cycle-slip replacement via data fitting

This paper addresses the problem of phase cycle-slip (FM click noise) elimination. For analyses and application demonstration, the signal of interest is a commercial FM transmission, received and sampled for subsequent demodulation as typical in software defined radios. There are two parts to this paper. The first part will investigate the advantages of using data fitting to repair the time series in the neighbourhood of a detected click. Previous papers (e.g., [1]) have considered time series which have neighbourhoods in which only one point was considered as a click, and hence, only one point needed to be repaired. We will consider the more difficult and practical case where there is a frequency modulated signal passed through a band-pass filter and a (software/digital) FM limiter discriminator used for demodulation. This receive system has the effect of causing click distortion over multiple samples, making the repairing that much more difficult. The methods of forward-backward linear prediction (FBLP or Wiener filtering), least squares polynomial fitting (LSPOLY), and twin Tukey window (TTW) filtering are discussed. The results are shown empirically, and will show that the TTW technique outperforms the FBLP and LSPOLY techniques for the presented application. The second part of this paper will discuss potential techniques to discern samples which are clicks, from samples which are normal yet click-like. We will consider the combination of autocorrelation, kurtosis, 4th order moment, and spectral characteristics, to form a threshold detection level to identify clicks.
Investigator Characteristics and Respondent Behavior in Online Surveys

Prior research demonstrates that responses to surveys can vary depending on the race, gender, or ethnicity of the investigator asking the question. We build upon this research by empirically testing how information about researcher identity in online surveys affects subject responses. We do so by conducting an experiment on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk in which we vary the name of the researcher in the advertisement for the experiment and on the informed consent page in order to cue different racial and gender identities. We fail to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference in how respondents answer questions when assigned to a putatively black/white or male/female researcher.
Differential 3’ Processing of Specific Transcripts Expands Regulatory and Protein Diversity Across Neuronal Cell Types

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) regulates mRNA translation, stability, and protein localization. However, it is unclear to what extent APA regulates these processes uniquely in specific cell types. Using a new technique, cTag-PAPERCLIP, we discovered significant differences in APA between the principal types of mouse cerebellar neurons, the Purkinje and granule cells, as well as between proliferating and differentiated granule cells. Transcripts that differed in APA in these comparisons were enriched in key neuronal functions and many differed in coding sequence in addition to 3'UTR length. We characterize Memo1, a transcript that shifted from expressing a short 3'UTR isoform to a longer one during granule cell differentiation. We show that Memo1 regulates granule cell precursor proliferation and that its long 3'UTR isoform is targeted by miR-124, contributing to its downregulation during development. Our findings provide insight into roles for APA in specific cell types and establish a platform for further functional studies.
Seismic attenuation in the African LLSVP estimated from PcS phases

Abstract Seismic tomography models have revealed two broad regions in the lowermost mantle marked by ∼3% slower shear velocity than normal beneath the south central Pacific and southern Africa. These two regions are known as large-low-shear-velocity provinces (LLSVP). There is debate over whether the LLSVPs can be explained by purely thermal variations or whether they must be chemically distinct from normal mantle. Elastic properties alone, have been unable to distinguish the thermal from chemical interpretations. Anelastic structure, however, can help discriminate among models of the LLSVPs since intrinsic attenuation is more sensitive to temperature than to chemical variations. Here we estimate Q μ (the shear wave quality factor) in the African LLSVP using PcS waves generated from a Scotia Arc earthquake, recorded by broadband seismometers deployed in Southern Africa during the Kaapvaal experiment. The upward leg of the PcS waves sweeps from normal mantle into the African LLSVP across the array. We use the spectral ratio (SR) and instantaneous frequency matching (IFM) techniques to measure the differential attenuation ( Δ t ⁎ ) between waves sampling the African LLSVP and the waves that sample normal lower mantle. Using both methods for estimating Δ t ⁎ we find that PcS waves sampling the LLSVP are more attenuated than the waves that miss the LLSVP yielding a Δ t ⁎ difference of more than 1 s. Using the Δ t ⁎ measurements we estimate the average Q μ in the LLSVP to be about 110. Using a range of activation enthalpy ( H ⁎ ) estimates, we find an average temperature anomaly within the LLSVP ranging from +250 to +800 K. Our estimated temperature anomaly range overlaps previous isochemical geodynamic studies that explain the LLSVP as a purely thermal structure although the large uncertainties cannot rule out chemical variations as well.
N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid is a mobile metabolite that induces systemic disease resistance in Arabidopsis

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a global response in plants induced at the site of infection that leads to long-lasting and broad-spectrum disease resistance at distal, uninfected tissues. Despite the importance of this priming mechanism, the identity and complexity of defense signals that are required to initiate SAR signaling is not well understood. In this paper, we describe a metabolite, N-hydroxy-pipecolic acid (N-OH-Pip) and provide evidence that this mobile molecule plays a role in initiating SAR signal transduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that FLAVIN-DEPENDENT MONOOXYGENASE 1 (FMO1), a key regulator of SAR-associated defense priming, can synthesize N-OH-Pip from pipecolic acid in planta, and exogenously applied N-OH-Pip moves systemically in Arabidopsis and can rescue the SAR-deficiency of fmo1 mutants. We also demonstrate that N-OH-Pip treatment causes systemic changes in the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and metabolic pathways throughout the plant and enhances resistance to a bacterial pathogen. This work provides insight into the chemical nature of a signal for SAR and also suggests that the N-OH-Pip pathway is a promising target for metabolic engineering to enhance disease resistance.
Full-text publication of abstract-presented work in sport and exercise psychology.

Objectives Meetings promote information sharing, but do not enable full dissemination of details. A systematic search was conducted for abstracts presented at the 2010 and 2011 Association of Applied Sport Psychology Annual Conferences to determine the full-text dissemination rate of work presented in abstract form and investigate factors influencing this rate. Methods Systematic searches were sequentially conducted to determine whether the abstract-presented work had been published in full-text format in the 5 years following presentation. If a potential full-text publication was identified, information from the conference abstract (eg, results, number of participants in the sample(s), measurement tools used and so on) was compared with the full text to ensure the two entities represented the same body of work. Abstract factors of interest were assessed using logistic regression. Results Ninety-four out of 423 presented abstracts (22.2%) were published in full text. Odds of full-text publication increased if the abstract was from an international institution, presented in certain conference sections or presented as a lecture. Conclusion Those attending professional conferences should be cautious when translating data presented at conferences into their applied work because of the low rate of peer-reviewed and full-text publication of the information.
Benchmarking relief-based feature selection methods for bioinformatics data mining.

Abstract Modern biomedical data mining requires feature selection methods that can (1) be applied to large scale feature spaces (e.g. ‘omics’ data), (2) function in noisy problems, (3) detect complex patterns of association (e.g. gene-gene interactions), (4) be flexibly adapted to various problem domains and data types (e.g. genetic variants, gene expression, and clinical data) and (5) are computationally tractable. To that end, this work examines a set of filter-style feature selection algorithms inspired by the ‘Relief’ algorithm, i.e. Relief-Based algorithms (RBAs). We implement and expand these RBAs in an open source framework called ReBATE (Relief-Based Algorithm Training Environment). We apply a comprehensive genetic simulation study comparing existing RBAs, a proposed RBA called MultiSURF, and other established feature selection methods, over a variety of problems. The results of this study (1) support the assertion that RBAs are particularly flexible, efficient, and powerful feature selection methods that differentiate relevant features having univariate, multivariate, epistatic, or heterogeneous associations, (2) confirm the efficacy of expansions for classification vs. regression, discrete vs. continuous features, missing data, multiple classes, or class imbalance, (3) identify previously unknown limitations of specific RBAs, and (4) suggest that while MultiSURF∗ performs best for explicitly identifying pure 2-way interactions, MultiSURF yields the most reliable feature selection performance across a wide range of problem types.
Compressor Stability Enhancement Using Discrete Tip Injection

Mass injection upstream of the tip of a high-speed axial compressor rotor is a stabilityenhancement approach known to be effective in suppressing stall in tip-critical rotors.This process is examined in a transonic axial compressor rotor through experiments andtime-averaged Navier-Stokes CFD simulations. Measurements and simulations for dis-crete injection are presented for a range of injection rates and distributions of injectorsaround the annulus. The simulations indicate that tip injection increases stability byunloading the rotor tip and that increasing injection velocity improves the effectiveness oftip injection. For the tested rotor, experimental results demonstrate that at 70 percentspeed the stalling ﬂow coefﬁcient can be reduced by 30 percent using an injected mass-ﬂow equivalent to 1 percent of the annulus ﬂow. At design speed, the stalling ﬂow coef-ﬁcient was reduced by 6 percent using an injected massﬂow equivalent to 2 percent of theannulus ﬂow. The experiments show that stability enhancement is related to the mass-averaged axial velocity at the tip. For a given injected massﬂow, the mass-averaged axialvelocity at the tip is increased by injecting ﬂow over discrete portions of the circumfer-ence as opposed to full-annular injection. The implications of these results on the designof recirculating casing treatments and other methods to enhance stability will bediscussed. @DOI: 10.1115/1.1330272#
The Impact of Positive Agricultural Income Shocks on Rural Chinese Households

In the post-collectivization period, rural Chinese households were required to sell part of their grain output to the state at a below-market price; however, increases in this quota price beginning in 1993 generated substantial positive income shocks. These income shocks also varied cross-sectionally in accordance with crop composition given that quotas were systematically larger for rice-producing households, generating a quasi-random source of variation in the size of the shock driven by climatic variation in suitability for rice cultivation. Households induced to experience relatively larger income shocks show evidence of decreased agricultural investment, increased investment in non-agricultural businesses, and increased migration as households gain increased income, consistent with the hypothesis that credit constraints may have constrained some households from entering non-agricultural production ex ante. In addition, there is evidence that these households were concentrated among households who had not previously diversified out of agriculture.
Complete Derandomization of Identity Testing and Reconstruction of Read-Once Formulas

In this article, we study the identity testing problem of arithmetic read-once formulas (ROFs) and some related models. An ROF is a formula (a circuit whose underlying graph is a tree) in which the operations are l +, × r and such that every input variable labels at most one leaf. We obtain the first polynomial-time deterministic identity testing algorithm that operates in the black-box setting for ROFs, as well as some other related models. As an application, we obtain the first polynomial-time deterministic reconstruction algorithm for such formulas. Our results are obtained by improving and extending the analysis of the algorithm of Shpilka and Yolkovich [51].
Atomic Layer Epitaxy of Aluminum Nitride: Unraveling the Connection between Hydrogen Plasma and Carbon Contamination.

Atomistic control over the growth of semiconductor thin films, such as aluminum nitride, is a long-sought goal in materials physics. One promising approach is plasma-assisted atomic layer epitaxy, in which separate reactant precursors are employed to grow the cation and anion layers in alternating deposition steps. The use of a plasma during the growth—most often a hydrogen plasma—is now routine and generally considered critical, but the precise role of the plasma is not well-understood. We propose a theoretical atomistic model and elucidate its consequences using analytical rate equations, density functional theory, and kinetic Monte Carlo statistical simulations. We show that using a plasma has two important consequences, one beneficial and one detrimental. The plasma produces atomic hydrogen in the gas phase, which is important for removing methyl radicals left over from the aluminum precursor molecules. However, atomic hydrogen also leads to atomic carbon on the surface and, moreover, opens a channel ...
Methionine Antagonizes para-Aminosalicylic Acid Activity via Affecting Folate Precursor Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

para-Aminosalicylic acid (PAS) is a second-line anti-tubercular drug that is used for the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). PAS efficacy in the treatment of TB is limited by its lower potency against Mycobacterium tuberculosis relative to many other drugs in the TB treatment arsenal. It is known that intrinsic metabolites, such as, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) and methionine, antagonize PAS and structurally related anti-folate drugs. While the basis for PABA-mediated antagonism of anti-folates is understood, the mechanism for methionine-based antagonism remains undefined. In the present study, we used both targeted and untargeted approaches to identify factors associated with methionine-mediated antagonism of PAS activity. We found that synthesis of folate precursors as well as a putative amino acid transporter, designated MetM, play crucial roles in this process. Disruption of metM by transposon insertion resulted in a ≥30-fold decrease in uptake of methionine in M. bovis BCG, indicating that metM is the major facilitator of methionine transport. We also discovered that intracellular biotin confers intrinsic PAS resistance in a methionine-independent manner. Collectively, our results demonstrate that methionine-mediated antagonism of anti-folate drugs occurs through sustained production of folate precursors.
Structural Origin of the Midgap Electronic States and the Urbach Tail in Pnictogen-Chalcogenide Glasses.

We determine the electronic density of states for computationally generated bulk samples of amorphous chalcogenide alloys AsxSe100–x. The samples were generated using a structure-building algorithm reported recently by us. Several key features of the calculated density of states are in good agreement with experiment: The trend of the mobility gap with arsenic content is reproduced. The sample-to-sample variation in the energies of states near the mobility gap is quantitatively consistent with the width of the Urbach tail in the optical edge observed in experiment. Most importantly, our samples consistently exhibit very deep-lying midgap electronic states that are delocalized significantly more than what would be expected for a deep impurity or defect state; the delocalization is highly anisotropic. These properties are consistent with those of the topological midgap electronic states that have been proposed by Zhugayevych and Lubchenko as an explanation for several puzzling optoelectronic anomalies observ...
A pharmacodynamic study of sirolimus and metformin in patients with advanced solid tumors

Sirolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Metformin may potentiate mTOR inhibition by sirolimus while mitigating its adverse effects. We conducted a pilot study to test this hypothesis. Patients with advanced solid tumor were treated with sirolimus for 7 days followed by randomization to either sirolimus with metformin (Arm A) or sirolimus (Arm B) until day 21. From day 22 onwards, all patients received sirolimus and metformin. The primary aim was to compare the change in phospho-p70S6K (pp70S6K) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from day 8 to day 22 using a two-sample t test. Secondary aims were objective response rate, toxicity, and other serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers (e.g., fasting glucose, triglycerides, insulin, C-peptide, IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGF-BP, and leptin). 24 patients were enrolled, with 18 evaluable for the primary endpoint. There was no significant difference in mean change in pp70S6K in arm A vs. arm B (− 0.12 vs. − 0.16; P = 0.64). Similarly, there were no significant differences in other serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers. There were no partial responses. There were no dose-limiting or unexpected toxicities. Adding metformin to sirolimus, although well tolerated, was not associated with significant changes in pp70S6K in PBMC or other serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Combining metformin with sirolimus did not improve mTOR inhibition.
Harborth constants for certain classes of metacyclic groups

Abstract The Harborth constant of a finite group G is the smallest integer k ≥ exp ( G ) such that any subset of G of size k contains exp ( G ) distinct elements whose product is 1. Generalizing previous work on the Harborth constants of dihedral groups, we compute the Harborth constants for the metacyclic groups of the form H n , m = 〈 x , y ∣ x n = 1 , y 2 = x m , y x = x − 1 y 〉 . We also solve the “inverse” problem of characterizing all smaller subsets that do not contain exp ( H n , m ) distinct elements whose product is 1.
A model of fluid secretion by the acinar cells of the mouse lacrimal gland.

One of the major constituents of the tear film is an aqueous fluid. It has been estimated that the cornea and conjunctiva produce up to about 20% of this fluid and that the main and accessory lacrimal glands supply the rest. The details of the mechanisms that move water across the secretory epithelium of the lacrimal glands are not well understood and neither are the ways by which these mechanisms are controlled. In this paper, we have attempted to pull together what is known about lacrimal gland fluid flow and to present a model, derived in part from our work on the cornea that suggests mechanisms responsible for water movement across the epithelium.
Prediction of Reynolds stresses in high-Mach-number turbulent boundary layers using physics-informed machine learning

Modeled Reynolds stress is a major source of model-form uncertainties in Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) simulations. Recently, a physics-informed machine learning (PIML) approach has been proposed for reconstructing the discrepancies in RANS-modeled Reynolds stresses. The merits of the PIML framework have been demonstrated in several canonical incompressible flows. However, its performance on high-Mach-number flows is still not clear. In this work, we use the PIML approach to predict the discrepancies in RANS-modeled Reynolds stresses in high-Mach-number flat-plate turbulent boundary layers by using an existing DNS database. Specifically, the discrepancy function is first constructed using a DNS training flow and then used to correct RANS-predicted Reynolds stresses under flow conditions different from the DNS. The machine learning technique is shown to significantly improve RANS-modeled turbulent normal stresses, the turbulent kinetic energy, and the Reynolds stress anisotropy. Improvements are consistently observed when different training datasets are used. Moreover, a high-dimensional visualization technique and a distance metrics are used to provide a priori assessment of prediction confidence based only on RANS simulations. This study demonstrates that the PIML approach is a computationally affordable technique for improving the accuracy of RANS-modeled Reynolds stresses for high-Mach-number turbulent flows when there is a lack of experiments and high-fidelity simulations.
On One Approach to Robot Motion Planning

As this essay is meant for a book devoted to the memory of Dr. E. Braverman, a few words about my relation to him seem in order. Professor Braverman was my PhD thesis advisor in 1964–1967 at the Institute of Control Problems of the USSR National Academy, in Moscow. After graduation I had stayed at the same Institute, first as junior and then as senior research fellow, and we remained close, up until my emigration to USA in 1975. His sharp intellect, incredible human warmth, and wide cultural and scientific interests were there for us, a circle of friends which I, a younger man, was generously accepted to. This essay presents a big-picture description of a scientific approach to theory and practice of automatic moving machinery such as robots, and directions it has led to - all developed later on, in my years in America. What connects it to my time in the circle around M. Braverman is the skill for structured thinking that I was lucky to have been schooled in while associated with that circle.
Predicting success on high-stakes math tests from preschool math measures among children from low-income homes

State-mandated tests have taken center stage for assessing student learning and for holding teachers and students accountable for achieving adequate progress. What types of early knowledge predict performance on these tests, especially among low-income children who are at risk for poor performance? We report on a longitudinal study of 519 low-income American children ages 5–12, with a focus on mathematics performance. We found that nonsymbolic quantity knowledge and repeating pattern knowledge at the end of preschool were reliable predictors of performance on standards-based high-stakes tests across three different grade levels (4th–6th grade), over and above other math and academic skills. Further, these effects of preschool math knowledge were partially mediated through symbolic mapping and calculation knowledge at the end of 1st grade. These findings suggest that nonsymbolic quantity knowledge and repeating pattern knowledge prior to formal schooling are valuable indicators of low-income children’s performance on high-stakes state math tests in the middle grades. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)
Neural Cross-Lingual Named Entity Recognition with Minimal Resources

For languages with no annotated resources, unsupervised transfer of natural language processing models such as named-entity recognition (NER) from resource-rich languages would be an appealing capability. However, differences in words and word order across languages make it a challenging problem. To improve mapping of lexical items across languages, we propose a method that finds translations based on bilingual word embeddings. To improve robustness to word order differences, we propose to use self-attention, which allows for a degree of flexibility with respect to word order. We demonstrate that these methods achieve state-of-the-art or competitive NER performance on commonly tested languages under a cross-lingual setting, with much lower resource requirements than past approaches. We also evaluate the challenges of applying these methods to Uyghur, a low-resource language.
Bootstrap methods in econometrics

The bootstrap is a method for estimating the distribution of an estimator or test statistic by resampling one's data or a model estimated from the data. Under conditions that hold in a wide variety...
Quaternion orders and sphere packings

Abstract We introduce an analog of Bianchi groups for rational quaternion algebras and use it to construct sphere packings that are analogs of the Apollonian circle packing known as integral crystallographic packings.
On the benefits of currency reform

Abstract Money allows agents to achieve allocations that are not possible without it. However, currency in most economies is a uniform object, and there may be incentive compatible allocations that cannot be implemented with a uniform currency. We show that currency reform, i.e., changing the monetary base by replacing one currency with another, is a powerful tool that can enable a monetary authority to achieve a desired allocation. Our monetary mechanism with currency reform is anonymous and features a nonlinear exchange rate between currencies and a monotone value of money. These results help interpret the characteristics of currency reforms observed in practice.
Are Banks Engines of Export? Financial Structures and Export Dynamics

We study the impact of financial structures on the dynamics of the export sector using rich data from over 60 countries. The results reveal that bank-oriented financial systems boost the size of the export sector more than market-oriented financial systems. However, especially in middle- and low-income countries, this effect mostly stems from banks slowing down exporters’ exit rather than promoting firms’ entry into export. The reduced exit from the export sector appears to reflect domestic banks’ tendency to evergreen loans to exporters (“soft budget constraint”) more than banks’ buffering role in difficult times. Foreign banks mitigate this effect and enhance the dynamism of the export sector.
Inversion of Polymeric Micelles Probed by Spin Labeled Peptide Incorporation and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

As the concentration of amphiphilic invertible polymers (AIPs) in both polar and nonpolar solvents increases, the AIP macromolecules self-assemble into polymeric micelles. The resulting invertible ...
Shuffles and Circuits (On Lower Bounds for Modern Parallel Computation)

The goal of this article is to identify fundamental limitations on how efficiently algorithms implemented on platforms such as MapReduce and Hadoop can compute the central problems in motivating application domains, such as graph connectivity problems. We introduce an abstract model of massively parallel computation, where essentially the only restrictions are that the “fan-in” of each machine is limited to s bits, where s is smaller than the input size n, and that computation proceeds in synchronized rounds, with no communication between different machines within a round. Lower bounds on the round complexity of a problem in this model apply to every computing platform that shares the most basic design principles of MapReduce-type systems. We prove that computations in our model that use few rounds can be represented as low-degree polynomials over the reals. This connection allows us to translate a lower bound on the (approximate) polynomial degree of a Boolean function to a lower bound on the round complexity of every (randomized) massively parallel computation of that function. These lower bounds apply even in the “unbounded width” version of our model, where the number of machines can be arbitrarily large. As one example of our general results, computing any nontrivial monotone graph property—such as connectivity—requires a super-constant number of rounds when every machine receives only a subpolynomial (in n) number of input bits s. Finally, we prove that, in two senses, our lower bounds are the best one could hope for. For the unbounded-width model, we prove a matching upper bound. Restricting to a polynomial number of machines, we show that asymptotically better lower bounds would separate P from NC1.
“He did that because I was Black”: Black College Students Perceive Municipal Police, Not Campus Police, as Discriminating

ABSTRACTThis article examines qualitative data obtained from 66 Black college students about perceptions of their interactions with municipal police (MP) and campus police (CP). Participants descri...
Femoral Head Penetration Rates of Second-Generation Sequentially Annealed Highly Cross-Linked Polyethylene at Minimum Five Years.

Abstract Background Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) liners in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have demonstrated decreased wear rates, resilience to cup orientation, and reduced osteolysis compared to conventional polyethylene. Sequential irradiation and annealing below the melting temperature is unique compared to most HXLPE which is irradiated and remelted. This study purpose is to provide minimum 5-year femoral head penetration rates of sequentially annealed HXLPE in primary THA. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database identified 198 consecutive, cementless primary THAs utilizing sequentially annealed HXLPE (X3; Stryker, Mahwah, NJ). Operative technique was standardized. Radiographs were analyzed utilizing the Martell method with minimum 5-year and 1-year radiographs as baseline to minimize the initial bedding-in period. Results Seventy-seven hips with minimum 5-year follow-up were analyzed. Mean steady state linear and volumetric head penetration rates were 0.095 mm/y and 76 mm3/y, respectively. Volumetric head penetration was significantly less for 32-mm compared to 36-mm (P = .028). In addition, less head penetration was observed for ceramic 32-mm heads at nearly half the rate compared to cobalt-chromium 36-mm heads (P ≥ .092). No correlations existed between penetration rates and age, body mass index, University of California Los Angeles Activity Level, polyethylene thickness, cup inclination, or anteversion (P ≥ .10). No radiographic osteolysis was observed. Conclusion Surprisingly, linear head penetration rates of sequentially annealed HXLPE were nearly identical to the osteolysis threshold for conventional polyethylene and greater than reports of irradiated and remelted HXLPE. Furthermore, these data corroborate reports that HXLPE is resilient to cup orientation and demographic variables. Longer term follow-up is recommended.
Analyzing Location-Based Advertising for Vehicle Service Providers Using Effective Resistances

Vehicle service providers can display commercial ads in their vehicles based on passengers' origins and destinations to create a new revenue stream. We study a vehicle service provider who can generate different ad revenues when displaying ads on different arcs (i.e., origin-destination pairs). The provider needs to ensure the vehicle flow balance at each location, which makes it challenging to analyze the provider's vehicle assignment and pricing decisions for different arcs. To tackle the problem, we show that certain properties of the traffic network can be captured by a corresponding electrical network. When the effective resistance between two locations is small, there are many paths between the two locations and the provider can easily route vehicles between them. We derive the provider's optimal vehicle assignment and pricing decisions based on effective resistances.
The Timing and Direction of Introgression Under the Multispecies Network Coalescent.

Introgression is a pervasive biological process, and many statistical methods have been developed to infer its presence from genomic data. However, many of the consequences and genomic signatures of introgression remain unexplored from a methodological standpoint. Here, we develop a model for the timing and direction of introgression based on the multispecies network coalescent, and from it suggest new approaches for testing introgression hypotheses. We suggest two new statistics, D1 and D2, which can be used in conjunction with other information to test hypotheses relating to the timing and direction of introgression, respectively. D1 may find use in evaluating cases of homoploid hybrid speciation (HHS), while D2 provides a four-taxon test for polarizing introgression. Although analytical expectations for our statistics require a number of assumptions to be met, we show how simulations can be used to test hypotheses about introgression when these assumptions are violated. We apply the D1 statistic to genomic data from the wild yeast Saccharomyces paradoxus—a proposed example of HHS—demonstrating its use as a test of this model. These methods provide new and powerful ways to address questions relating to the timing and direction of introgression.
Giant valley splitting in monolayer WS2 by magnetic proximity effect

Lifting the valley degeneracy of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) would allow versatile control of the valley degree of freedom. We report a giant valley exciton splitting of 16 meV/T for monolayer WS2, using the proximity effect from an EuS substrate, which is enhanced by nearly two orders of magnitude from that obtained by an external magnetic field. More interestingly, a sign reversal of the valley splitting is observed as compared to that of WSe2 on EuS. Using first principles calculations, we investigate the complex behavior of exchange interactions between TMDs and EuS. The sign reversal is attributed to competing ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange interactions for Eu- and S- terminated EuS surface sites. They act differently on the conduction and valence bands of WS2 compared to WSe2. Tuning the sign and magnitude of the valley exciton splitting offers opportunities for control of valley pseudospin for quantum information processing. Valley degree of freedom promises the additional control of electrons in 2D materials but is limited by small valley splitting. Here the authors show heavily enhanced valley splitting in monolayer WS2 on EuS substrate due to competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions for Eu- and S-terminated EuS surface sites.
Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Hot Topics in Wireless

HotWireless'16 has a fantastic program, with high quality papers that cover many emerging wireless topics, including IoT, 5G, backscattering, virtual reality, UAV networking, visible light communication, and high-precision wireless localization.
Pushdown dimension

Resource-bounded dimension is a notion of computational information density of infinite sequences based on computationally bounded gamblers. This paper develops the theory of pushdown dimension and explores its relationship with finite-state dimension. The pushdown dimension of any sequence is trivially bounded above by its finite-state dimension, since a pushdown gambler can simulate any finite-state gambler. We show that for every rational 0
Radiowave Propagation Ground Effects

Radiowave propagation plays an important role in modern communication, radar, and navigation systems. The mathematical theory of radiowave propagation is based on Maxwells equations [1], which were formulated by James Clerk Maxwell in the 1860s [2]. The first free-space radiowave transmission experiments between a pair of antennas were performed by Heinrich Hertz in the 1880s [3]. In 1897 Marconi first patented a wireless telegraphy system based on long-distance, radiowave propagation. Keywords: radiowave propagation; navigation; radar; telecommmunications; line-of-sight propagation; plane-wave refraction; through-the-earth propagation; ground-wave propagation
Quality of service predicts willingness to pay for household electricity connections in rural India

Abstract While rural electrification has been a high priority for many governments in the developing world, the factors that make individual households more likely to pay for a connection have received insufficient attention. In particular, many studies have dealt with the role of affordability of grid connections, but they have generally avoided studying the effects of service quality. Estimating the effect of quality on willingness of potential customers to pay is a difficult task because of self-selection – if quality is important, those in higher quality service areas are more likely to have a connection. Using household data from rural India, we estimate a Heckman selection model to deal with this issue and find a substantial impact of quality on willingness to pay for a connection in India. The results suggest that improving the quality of connections is critical to improving access.
Risk perceptions after human papillomavirus vaccination are not subsequently associated with riskier behaviors or sexually transmitted infections in HIV-infected young women

Concerns have been raised that risk perceptions after human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination may lead to riskier sexual behaviors or sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis. The aims of this...
Mind the GAP: A Balanced Corpus of Gendered Ambiguous Pronouns

Coreference resolution is an important task for natural language understanding, and the resolution of ambiguous pronouns a longstanding challenge. Nonetheless, existing corpora do not capture ambig...
Abernathyite, a New Uranium Mineral of the Metatorbernite Group

A report about a new uranium mineral from the Fuemrol No. 2 mine, Emery County, Utah, named abernathyite.
Bidirectional associations of sleep with cognitive interference in employees' work days.

Abstract Objectives Studies have reported bidirectional associations of sleep with daily stressors and negative mood. Yet we know little about how sleep is associated with workers' daily cognitive interference, or the experience of off-task and distracting thoughts. This study examined whether nightly sleep was associated with next-day cognitive interference, and vice versa, during workdays and non-work days. Design Daily telephone interviews. Setting US information technology workplaces. Participants 130 middle-aged employees. Measurements On 8 consecutive days, participants reported the frequency of experiencing off-task and distracting thoughts during the day (0 = never to 4 = very often) and multiple sleep characteristics (bedtimes, wake times, sleep duration, sleep quality, and sleep latency). Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics and work hours. Results Multilevel models revealed that, on days following earlier wake times (B = −0.32, P Conclusion Our results suggest bidirectional associations between poorer sleep and more cognitive interference, particularly on work days with implications for workday productivity and quality of life.
Self-administration of edible Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and associated behavioral effects in mice

Abstract Background With increasing access to legal cannabis across the globe, it is imperative to more closely study its behavioral and physiological effects. Furthermore, with the proliferation of cannabis use, modes of consumption are changing, with edible formulations becoming increasingly popular. Nevertheless, there are relatively few animal models of self-administration of the primary psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and almost all incorporate routes of administration other than those used by humans. The aim of the current study was to develop a model of edible THC self-administration and assess its impact on CB1 receptor-mediated behaviors in female and male mice. Methods Mice were given limited access to a palatable dough which occasionally contained THC in doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg. Following dough consumption, mice were assessed for home cage locomotor activity, body temperature, or analgesia. Locomotor activity was also assessed in conjunction with the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. Results Dough was well-consumed, but consumption decreased at the highest THC concentrations. Edible THC produced dose-dependent decreases in locomotor activity and body temperature in both sexes, and these effects were more pronounced in male mice. Hypolocomotion induced by edible THC was attenuated by SR141716A, indicating mediation by CB1 receptor activation. Conclusions In contrast to other cannabinoid self-administration models, edible THC is relatively low in stress and uses a route of administration analogous to one used by humans. Potential applications include chronic THC self-administration, determining THC reward/reinforcement, and investigating consequences of oral THC use.
Towards the development of oxadiazinanones as chiral auxiliaries: synthesis and application of N3-haloacetyloxadiazinanones

Abstract Oxadiazinanones derived from (1 R ,2 S )-ephedrine and (1 R ,2 S )-norephedrine were employed in the asymmetric α-halo aldol reaction. The optimized yields and diastereoselectivities for the ephedrine based oxadiazinanone aldol reaction ranged from fair to good. The ephedrine based aldol adducts were hydrolyzed to afford the α-bromo-β-hydroxycarboxylic acids. The absolute stereochemistry and enantiomeric purity of these products were determined by chiral HPLC and specific rotation measurements.
The structured demography of open populations in fluctuating environments

At the spatial scale relevant to many field studies and management policies, populations may experience more external recruitment than internal recruitment. These sources of recruitment, as well as local demography, are often subject to stochastic fluctuations in environmental conditions. Here, we introduce a class of stochastic models accounting for these complexities and provide analytic methods for understanding their long-term behavior. The population state n(x) of these stochastic models is a function or vector keeping track of densities of individuals with continuous (e.g. size) or discrete (e.g. age) traits x taking values in a compact metric space. This state variable is updated by a stochastic affine equation n t+1 = A t+1 n t + b t+1 where A t+1 is a time varying operator (e.g. an integral operator or a matrix) that updates the local demography, and b t+1 is a time varying function or vector representing external recruitment. When the realized per-capita growth rate of the local demography is negative, we show that all initial conditions converge to the same time-varying trajectory. Furthermore, when A 1 , A 2 ,... and b 1 , b 2 , ... are stationary sequences, this limiting behavior is determined by a unique stationary distribution. When the stationary sequences are periodic, uncorrelated, or a mixture of these two types of stationarity, we derive explicit formulas for the mean, within-year covariance, and auto-covariance of the stationary distribution. Sensitivity formulas for these statistical features are also given. The analtyic methods are illustrated with applications to discrete size-structured models of space-limited coral populations, and continuously size-structured models of giant clam populations.
Synthesis and crystallography of 8-halonaphthalene-1-carbonitriles and naphthalene-1,8-dicarbonitrile

A convenient and high-yielding three-step synthesis of 8-halonaphthalene-1-carbonitriles has been achieved by ring opening of 1H-naphtho[1,8-de][1,2,3]triazine with the corresponding halides as the...
MicroRNA-132 provides neuroprotection for tauopathies via multiple signaling pathways

MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate fundamental biological processes, including neuronal plasticity, stress response, and survival. Here, we describe a neuroprotective function of miR-132, the miRNA most significantly downregulated in neurons in Alzheimer’s disease. We demonstrate that miR-132 protects primary mouse and human wild-type neurons and more vulnerable Tau-mutant neurons against amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) and glutamate excitotoxicity. It lowers the levels of total, phosphorylated, acetylated, and cleaved forms of Tau implicated in tauopathies, promotes neurite elongation and branching, and reduces neuronal death. Similarly, miR-132 attenuates PHF-Tau pathology and neurodegeneration, and enhances long-term potentiation in the P301S Tau transgenic mice. The neuroprotective effects are mediated by direct regulation of the Tau modifiers acetyltransferase EP300, kinase GSK3β, RNA-binding protein Rbfox1, and proteases Calpain 2 and Caspases 3/7. These data suggest miR-132 as a master regulator of neuronal health and indicate that miR-132 supplementation could be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of Tau-associated neurodegenerative disorders.
Engineering bacteria for biogenic synthesis of chalcogenide nanomaterials.

Microbes naturally build nanoscale structures, including structures assembled from inorganic materials. Here, we combine the natural capabilities of microbes with engineered genetic control circuits to demonstrate the ability to control biological synthesis of chalcogenide nanomaterials in a heterologous host. We transferred reductase genes from both Shewanella sp. ANA-3 and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium into a heterologous host (Escherichia coli) and examined the mechanisms that regulate the properties of biogenic nanomaterials. Expression of arsenate reductase genes and thiosulfate reductase genes in E. coli resulted in the synthesis of arsenic sulfide nanomaterials. In addition to processing the starting materials via redox enzymes, cellular components also nucleated the formation of arsenic sulfide nanomaterials. The shape of the nanomaterial was influenced by the bacterial culture, with the synthetic E. coli strain producing nanospheres and conditioned media or cultures of wild-type Shewanella sp. producing nanofibres. The diameter of these nanofibres also depended on the biological context of synthesis. These results demonstrate the potential for biogenic synthesis of nanomaterials with controlled properties by combining the natural capabilities of wild microbes with the tools from synthetic biology.
High yield synthesis of mixed-metal keggin polyoxoanions in non-aqueous solvents: Preparation of (n-Bu4N)4[PMW11O40] (M = V, Nb, Ta)

Abstract The synthesis of (n-Bu4N)4[PMW11O40] (M = V, Nb, Ta) in non-aqueous solvents is described using the lacunary compound (n-Bu4N)4H3[PW11O39] and commercially available VOCl3, NbCl5 and TaCl5. The yield and purity of the product vary depending on the solvent and the presence of base. 183W NMR spectroscopy of the title compounds reveal six resonances in the ratio 2:2:2:1:2:2 (M, Nb, Ta) consistent withtheir formulation as monosubstituted tungstophosphates with the Keggin structure. Their FAB mass spectra display protonated molecular ions in the positive ion mode and monoanionic fragments MOx and MWnOx(n ⪖ 1, x ⪖ n) (M = Nb, Ta) in the negative ion mode.
Synthesis of bis[(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thien-2-yl]-substituted benzenes

A series of bis-EDOT-aryl monomers have been synthesized, which have blue emission characteristics with quantum yields ranging from 0.01% to 10.3%. Polymers were obtained by electrochemical synthesis. Cyclic voltammetry was employed to characterize the electrochemical behavior of these systems.
Synthesis of bilin-1,19-diones and biladiene-ac-1,19-diones with c(10) adamantyl and tert-butyl groups

Bilirubin and biliverdin analogs bearing bulky adamantyl and tert-butyl groups at the central C(10) position were synthesized and their structures were analyzed by nmr and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and by molecular mechanics calculations, all of which collectively indicated a preference for helical conformations.