cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping With Pediatric Cancer: Conversational Methods Utilized by Parents and Children when Dealing with Pediatric Cancer

This thesis analyzed how parents communicate with their child regarding pediatric cancer treatments. When dealing with pediatric cancer, it is vital that parents and their child communicate about the illness in order to effectively cope with the cancer. About 200 participants participated in this study via an on-line survey. The key concepts focused on participants’ indication about how they would react to a hypothetical scenarios involving parent/child communication about pediatric cancer treatments. Hypotheses H1: Negative uncertainty appraisals will affect the use of (a) affect management and (b) buffering strategies people would use when talking to children about cancer treatments. H2:Positive uncertainty appraisals will affect the use of (a) affectmanagement and (b) buffering strategies people would use when talking to children about cancer treatments. H3:The inference type (positive vs. negative) will affect the use of (a) affect management and (b) buffering strategies people would use when talking to children about cancer treatments H4: The illusion type (negative vs. positive) will affect the use of (a) affect management and (b) buffering strategies when talking to children about cancer treatments. H5:The interaction of appraisal, inference, and illusion will affect the use of (a) affect-management and (b) buffering when talking to children about cancer treatments. Methods Experimental Factorial Design (2X3X2) Twelve distinct scenarios were created for the factorial design, and appointment determined scenario distribution.
Equilibrium Points of Nonatomic Games over a Nonreflexive Banach Space

Abstract Schmeidler's results on the equilibrium points of nonatomic games with strategy sets in Euclidean n -space are generalized to nonatomic games with stategy sets in a separable Banach space whose dual possesses the Radon-Nikodým property.
Pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from West Nile virus (WNV)-infected SK-N-SH cells mediate neuroinflammatory markers and neuronal death

WNV-associated encephalitis (WNVE) is characterized by increased production of pro-inflammatory mediators, glial cells activation and eventual loss of neurons. WNV infection of neurons is rapidly progressive and destructive whereas infection of non-neuronal brain cells is limited. However, the role of neurons and pathological consequences of pro-inflammatory cytokines released as a result of WNV infection is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the role of key cytokines secreted by WNV-infected neurons in mediating neuroinflammatory markers and neuronal death. A transformed human neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-SH, was infected with WNV at multiplicity of infection (MOI)-1 and -5, and WNV replication kinetics and expression profile of key pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by plaque assay, qRT-PCR, and ELISA. Cell death was measured in SK-N-SH cell line in the presence and absence of neutralizing antibodies against key pro-inflammatory cytokines using cell viability assay, TUNEL and flow cytometry. Further, naive primary astrocytes were treated with UV-inactivated supernatant from mock- and WNV-infected SK-N-SH cell line and the activation of astrocytes was measured using flow cytometry and ELISA. WNV-infected SK-N-SH cells induced the expression of IL-1β, -6, -8, and TNF-α in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which coincided with increase in virus-induced cell death. Treatment of cells with anti-IL-1β or -TNF-α resulted in significant reduction of the neurotoxic effects of WNV. Furthermore treatment of naive astrocytes with UV-inactivated supernatant from WNV-infected SK-N-SH cell line increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and key inflammatory cytokines. Our results for the first time suggest that neurons are one of the potential sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines in WNV-infected brain and these neuron-derived cytokines contribute to WNV-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, cytokines released from neurons also mediate the activation of astrocytes. Our data define specific role(s) of WNV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and provide a framework for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs as much-needed therapeutic interventions to limit symptoms associated with WNVE.
A prospective evaluation of community acquired gastroenteritis in paediatric practices: impact and disease burden of rotavirus infection

AIMS To examine the disease burden and epidemiology of community acquired rotavirus gastroenteritis in Austrian children treated in a paediatric practice. METHODS A prospective, population based, multicentre study in four paediatric practices and two children9s hospitals (Innsbruck and Leoben). Children ⩽ 48 months of age presenting with gastroenteritis during a six month period of rotavirus peak between December 1997 and May 1998 were included. Prospective testing of stool samples for rotavirus was performed using ELISA. RESULTS A total of 6969 children were enrolled; 171 (2.4%) had community acquired gastroenteritis. Of 144 children who could be included in further analysis, 49 (34%; median age 16.7 months) were rotavirus positive, and 95 (66%; median age 17.0 months) were rotavirus negative. Three of the rotavirus positive children (median age 14.6 months) were hospitalised. The severity of rotavirus positive gastroenteritis was significantly higher than that of rotavirus negative gastroenteritis. The incidence of community acquired gastroenteritis was 4.67 per 100 children per year, and of rotavirus positive gastroenteritis 1.33 per 100 children per year. CONCLUSION Rotavirus is a relevant cause of community acquired gastroenteritis in children aged 4 years and younger treated by a paediatrician. The data can be used as a basis for developing strategies to prevent infection.
A derivative approach to endangered species conservation.

Two major shortcomings of the US Endangered Species Act have led to inefficient use of conservation dollars: (1) it only provides conservation protection to distressed or rapidly declining species, and (2) it does not take full advantage of the market to reduce costs in conservation. New, derivative-based insurance products (financial instruments designed to allow the commoditization and sale of risk) have been developed that allow investors to insure risk in exchange for fixed payments. Modifications to these financial derivatives, which are used to distribute risk and stabilize forecasts across many corporate and social scenarios, could allow purchasers to take preventative action to simultaneously protect their investment and decrease the likelihood of the insured event. We propose that governments issue modified derivative contracts to sell species' extinction risk to market investors and stakeholders. Using the endangered red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis) in the US as an example, we show ho...
Is this mobile coupon worth my private information? Consumer evaluation of acquisition and transaction utility in a mobile coupon shopping context

Purpose – This study aims to investigate determinants of permission-granting intention of consumers based on transaction utility theory. The study also was designed to investigate the role of two individual characteristics, coupon proneness and fear of spamming as well as gender difference. Mobile coupons have quickly become an important marketing tactic. However, our understanding of mobile coupon usage is limited because previous studies of coupon usage do not examine key characteristics of new technology-based coupons. Therefore, research in this specific context is necessary. Design/methodology/approach – An online survey was used and US adult consumers (N = 658) were recruited to empirically test the model. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings – Results provided support for the proposed model. The data confirmed the evaluation process of a potential transaction using mobile coupons hypothesized based on transaction utility theory. Gender differences were tested using mu...
The Transfer of Carotinoid Pigments to the Egg Yolk

Abstract EARLY work of Palmer and Kempster (1919 a, b) indicated that no carotinoid pigment other than that in the feed was deposited in the yolk. Some pigment continued to be deposited in the yolks from hens on a diet of extremely low carotinoid content. These workers concluded that such residual pigment was not carotinoid in nature and the quantity was not reduced by long continued feeding of carotinoid free diets. The carotinoid-bearing yellow yolk is deposited in a period of seven to ten days just prior to ovulation, Riddle (1916), Romanoff (1931), Marza and Marza (1935), and Warren and Conrad (1939). If the conclusion of Palmer and Kempster is correct, hens raised on high and low carotinoid diets would lay eggs of identical carotinoid content after 11 or more days of low carotinoid feeding. The carotinoid pigments absorb light at wave length 3250A which interferes with spectrophotometric determination of vitamin . . .
Optimization of CMOS Transistors for Low Power DC-DC Converters

This paper presents analytical derivation of optimum width of CMOS transistors to minimize losses in monolithic buck converters. High optimal width of CMOS transistors entails use of tapered inverter chain as gate driver. A novel technique called "width-switching" is presented, which can be easily incorporated along with the inverter chain to maintain maximum efficiency of buck converter over a range of output power levels. Experimental results from a chip containing optimal CMOS transistors for power levels between 50 mW and 200 mW are presented. Challenges in implementing the width-switching scheme, and technologies in which similar schemes can be used, are also discussed
Determinants of European Community imports of steel mill products

(1986). Determinants of European Community imports of steel mill products. Applied Economics: Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 863-873.
Exposure time considerations in high temperature low cycle fatigue

The Conventional Strainrange Partitioning (CSRP) method for High-Temperature, Low-Cycle Fatigue (HTLCF) life prediction has its origins in the modeling of first-order, creep-fatigue waveform effects while treating as second-order effects, the influence of metallurgical or environmental time dependencies. Procedures are proposed to include the latter explicitly in the inelastic strainrange--life relations. For brevity, only the CP life relation will be presented in detail. The exposure-time effect within the CP inelastic strainrange (tensile creep reversed by compressive plasticity) was determined by tensile stresshold-time experiments for 316 SS at 816 C. Reductions in CP cyclic life of a factor of about two were observed with an increase in exposure time or a corresponding decrease in creep rate by a factor of about 100. The CP life relation has been modified to be expressed in terms of either Steady State Creep Rate (SSCR) or Exposure Time (ET). The applicability and accuracy of the time-dependent CP life relations is demonstrated by conducting verification experiments involving complex hysteresis loops. Metallographic examination revealed time-dependent degradation attributable to oxide formation and precipitation of carbides along grain boundaries.
Blending alginate with hydrophobically enhanced cellulose for drug release studies

Research has shown how useful alginate, a natural polymer found in brown algae, is in drug delivery engineering. However, the addition of various substances that form gel networks with alginate improves the mechanical properties of the gels formed. This study examines how gels from alginate and cellulose behave mechanically to determine which cellulose shows the best improvement for future drug delivery research. Mechanical properties studied include swelling, gelation, and rheological characteristics. Hydrophobically enhanced ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) with various degrees of polymerization was used in the study. Higher concentrations of cellulose in the mixture yielded more solid-like behavior from the alginate-EHEC gel networks. With the improvement of mechanical durability of drug encapsulation substances, longer lasting drug release can be used to reduce frequency of dosage per medication.
Simulation-based evaluation of fuel consumption in heavy construction projects by monitoring equipment idle times

A systematic approach to idle time reduction can significantly boost the efficiency of construction equipment during their lifetime, result in higher overall productivity, and ultimately protect public health and the environment. Towards this goal, this paper describes research aimed at designing a framework for estimating heavy equipment idle times during a construction project. A distributed sensor network is deployed to communicate and present metrics about idle times and production rates and inform project managers and field operators when idle time thresholds are exceeded. The designed user interface includes a graphical representation of the site layout to visualize the status of equipment in real time in support of project management and decision-making tasks. Collected data will be also used to determine energy consumption and CO2 emission levels as the project makes progress. Using simulation modeling, various operational strategies are evaluated from the point of view of equipment emission and idle times.
Resource allocation for wireless relay channels

Resource allocation for a fading orthogonal relay channel model is investigated, where the source transmits to the relay and destination in one channel, and the relay transmits to the destination in an orthogonal channel. Separate power constraints at the source and relay are assumed. The fading state information is assumed to be known at both the transmitter and receiver. The source and relay can allocate their power adaptively according to the instantaneous channel state information. An achievable rate for this model is derived, and is optimized over the power allocation at the source and relay. This optimization is a max-min problem. A general technique for solving this max-min problem is introduced and applied to derive the optimal power allocation. The analysis is extended to the joint optimization of power and channel resource (time and bandwidth) allocations. In these scenarios, the maximum capacity of the channel (optimized over all possible power and channel resource allocations) is obtained for some special cases.
What is the optimal prophylaxis for treatment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy

Coronary artery disease in the transplanted heart, also known as cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), is one of the major causes of mortality late after transplantation. It affects up to 50% of all heart transplant recipients within 5 years of surgery. The mechanisms of CAV are multifactorial and include both immune and nonimmune factors. Ischemia of the graft at the time of transplantation is one of the more important nonimmune factors, because this leads to endothelial cell injury. Immune factors involving cellular and humoral rejection can further insult the vascular endothelial cell, leading to a cascade of immunologic responses. The optimal treatment prophylaxis for CAV has not been established. The treatment approach to this major post-transplant complication includes modification of risk factors through medical therapies and strategies. The early use of diltiazem and/or pravastatin or simvastatin has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing the development of CAV, but does not completely prevent it. There are many ongoing studies involving newer immunosuppressive agents that may hold promise for the future.
Case-Based Plan Recognition Under Imperfect Observability

SET-PR is a novel case-based recognizer that is robust to three kinds of input errors arising from imperfect observability, namely missing, mislabeled and extraneous actions. We extend our previous work on SET-PR by empirically studying its efficacy on three plan recognition datasets. We found that in the presence of higher input error rates, SET-PR significantly outperforms alternative approaches, which perform similarly to or outperform SET-PR in the presence of no input errors.
The Phases and Functions of Freedom of Conscience

This short essay, written for a book collecting papers on religion and human rights, surveys the development of constitutional and international commitments to freedom of conscience and examines some of the difficulties associated with freedom of conscience in a secular and egalitarian political setting.
Iso-Antigenic Properties of Casein

There are several antigens of animal origin the specificity of which transcends that of species and is determined by a chemical make-up that relates them to antigens of similar function and composition in whatever species they may occur. These antigens may be extracts of organs, such as the crystalline lens, brain and testicle, or they may be proteins isolated in a more or less pure state, such as casein, fibrinogen 1 and thyroglobulin.2 While most animal antigens react better with an antiserum for any antigen of the homologous species than with an antiserum for a similar antigen of another species, these specific antigens will react writh the same antigen of any and all species. The presumption of absolute specificity, independent of species, requires proof of the production of iso-antibodies, because if an animal can produce antibodies for one of these antigens it should be able to produce antibodies for the same antigen from all sources, including its own body, since they are indistinguishable serologically. This proof has been furnished conclusively for the crystalline lens. An immune serum for the crystalline lens of one species reacts equally well with the lenses of all species, including that of the species furnishing the immunizing antigen. Again, it is claimed that a guinea-pig can be sensitized with the lens of one eye and shocked with the lens of * the other eye. It has recently been shown that the lipoids of the brain 3 and testicle,4 which show a strong organ specificity independent of species, also can produce iso-antibodies, as the lipoids of rabbit brain or testicle, activated with a foreign protein, when injected into a rabbit produce an antibrain or antitesticle serum that is no different from the antiserum produced in the rabbit by injecting the lipoids of the brain or testicle of any other species. Because thyroglobulin precipitins appeared to be specific for thyroglobulin and not consistently species specific, Hektoen 5 tested the ability
Genetic Analysis of Floral Characters in Soybean

Nine floral characters of 90 soybean materials(including 32 cultivated,19 semi-wild and 39 wild soybean)were determined.The broad-sense heritability and the genetic coefficient of variation were calculated.The results showed that the estimated broad-sense heritability of all the floral characters were high,while the genetic coefficient of variation were relative low except for stigma exertion length.The average length of all nine floral characters showed a tendency that cultivated soybeansemi-wild soybeanwild soybean,while the coefficient of variation showed a tendency that wild soybeancultivated soybeansemi-wild soybean.The genetic coefficient of variation of the stigma length had little difference among wild soybean,semi-wild soybean and cultivated soybeans,but the value was relatively higher,which suggests that this character has a good selective potential.The genetic coefficient of variation value of styles length of wild soybean was higher than that of cultivated and semi-wild soybean,suggesting that wild soybean has a wider range of variation.Soybean materials derived from different geographical region could be organized into the same cluster,suggesting that geographical difference does not affect floral characters significantly as evolutionary type.
Current situation of ability in Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention and development countermeasures

The paper is aimed to understand the current situation of ability in Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention,so as to provide the basis for further strengthening the capacity building.The current situation of ability in Zhangjiagang Center for Disease Control and Prevention was evaluated,and the development countermeasures were analyzed on the basis of disease control status and social needs.According to the ability analysis,the article puts forward the development goals and countermeasures in the future,in order to establish the disease control and prevention system which is suitable for economic and social development,and improve the ability of disease control and prevention.
Drug-related illness in emergency department patients

Drug-related illnesses (DRIs) associated with visits to a hospital emergency department (ED) were identified and classified, and the cost of these DRIs was analyzed. A pharmacist reviewed all available ED log forms on file at a 560-bed teaching hospital for October 1994. The following information was collected from these forms and, for patients with documented or suspected DRI, the medical record: medication and allergy history, drug involved in and cause of DRI, diagnosis, patient compliance, serum drug concentrations, and length of hospital stay. A patients was identified as having had a DRI if he or she was taking a drug before the ED visit and if a DRI was documented on the ED log form or suspected by the pharmacist. DRIs were classified as having been caused by inappropriate prescribing, patient noncompliance, an adverse drug reaction (ADR), or a drug interaction. DRIs were considered preventable if they could have been avoided through appropriate prescribing, outpatient monitoring, or compliance. A cost analysis was performed. Of 1260 ED log forms reviewed, 565 (45%) described patients receiving drugs before the ED visit. A total of 50 DRIs were discernible in 49 log forms (3.9% of all 1260 forms, and 8.6% of the 565 forms describing patients taking medication before the visit). Noncompliance, inappropriate prescribing, and ADRs accounted for 58%, 32%, and 10% of the DRIs, respectively. The drugs most frequently involved were albuterol, insulin, and warfarin. Thirty-three (66%) of the DRIs were considered to have been preventable; these DRIs accounted for an estimated $391,342 in annual ED and hospital costs. Many DRIs seen in the ED patients were preventable, and these preventable illnesses contributed substantially to ED and hospital costs.
Code-modulated embedded test for phased arrays

Millimeter wave (mm-wave) design has become the forefront for enabling multi-Gb/s wireless communications due to the abundance of available bandwidth at frequencies above 24 GHz. At these frequencies, phased arrays are used to meet link budgets by combining phase-adjusted responses of multiple antennas to form a high-gain, directive beam which is electrically steerable. Current requirements point to array sizes ranging from 8–32 elements, each of which must be measured and calibrated in terms of RF output power and phase to obtain the desired array performance. This paper will first review phased-array topologies and calibration requirements. We will then present a code modulated technique for manufacturing test of the array which uses only digital code modulators per element and a single global mm-wave squaring circuit in the form of a power detector. This approach allows measurement of full array performance with a single detector using minimum additional built-in-test hardware. Behavioral models indicate that this method can estimate the phase response within 1 degree and an output power within 0.2 dB for each individual element using global array measurements.
Genitourinary tract anomalies in lobster claw syndrome.

Abstract A child with ectrodactyly or lobster claw syndrome and bilateral ureterovesical junction obstruction is described. The embryogenesls of the kidney and the limb buds suggest that a close association exists between these 2 conditions. Therefore, It is important to investigate the urinary tract in all patients with limb deformities.
Colon carcinoma and immunologic phenomena.

Preliminary results with a clinical program of immunotherapy show that immunologic unresponsiveness occurs in individuals with advanced disease, and that objective responders often show brisk immunologic reactions. The basis of immunotherapy of colorectal carcinoma is outlined.
A Study on Self-sacrificing Role Played by Garbage Pickers in Cleaning up the Environment

Disposing of waste is an unavailable by-product of every human being living in this world. Various indicators of economic development and improved living conditions tend to increase the level and complexity of garbage waste. These wastes in come of time get accumulated; stagnated, cause environmental degradation, exhaustion of natural resources which may at times affects the human health. Cleaning of these waste are becoming a major challenge for any society living under these menace conditions. Garbage pickers play a significant role, usually unrecognized in recycling the waste disposals lying on the streets. These people collect garbage items especially which can be sold to scrap merchant or other dealers. The livelihood of their garbage pickers depends on what the other people have chosen to throw away. This paper tries to make a vulnerability study on the socio-economic conditions and living style of the garbage pickers straying in Tirupattur town of Vellore district in Tamil Nadu. After identifying the garbage pickers in the study area, data were collected from them through a well-structured questionnaire with open ended questions and information were collected relevant to the study. After compiling the data, with the help of appropriate software package applying with suitable statistical methods results were obtained and interpreted accurately. This study would reveal the real living conditions of garbage pickers and their deprivation, prejudice and the servitude state which might induce their prompt inclusion in the society.
Psychopathy and the Life-Course

The current chapter examines psychopathy over the life-course. The chapter examines how psychopathy facilitates the study of antisocial phenotypes over the life span. Originally applied to adults, psychopathy has increasingly been used to study antisocial behaviors and personality traits in adolescents and children. Research has shown strong conceptual overlap between psychopathy in adults and youths at the behavioral, cognitive and emotional, interpersonal, and physiological levels. If psychopathy is a stable, enduring feature of antisocial persons, it is likely to emerge as a central construct in the longitudinal study of offending over the life span one with utility for understanding maladaptive behaviors among adults, adolescents, and children.
Optimization of single layer and double layer general twisted nematic liquid crystal displays

The author derives the Jones matrix representation for a general DTN (double-layer twisted nematic) display with an arbitrary uniform pretilt angle. This representation is used to obtain an analytic closed-form expression for the optical transmission for a DTN display. The optimum design criteria for both single-layer and double-layer TN displays are then obtained. For the single TN display, two design criteria have to be met: one is the optimum cell thickness; the other is optimum polarizer orientation. Design criteria for special cases of single layer TN displays are presented in tabular form. For the DTN display, at the field-off state, the author obtains a completely dark state (for crossed polarizer arrangement) or a completely bright state (for parallel polarizer arrangement). The optimum cell-thickness design criterion obtained for the single-layer TN display is applicable to both layers of the DTN display, and the optimum polarizer orientation criterion for the single TN displays is also applicable for the DTN display. >
An approach to detecting JPEG down-recompression and seam carving forgery under recompression anti-forensics

In multimedia forensics, the detection of forgery on joint photographic experts group (JPEG) images is an interesting and challenging work. JPEG double compression, one of common operations that may occur in the tampering manipulation, has been widely studied. While the quality of the second compression is higher than the quality of the first compression, most approaches have obtained effective detection results, however, it still falls short of accurately detecting the down-recompression that the second compression quality is lower than the first compression quality.Seam carving was originally designed for content-aware image resizing. While it is widely used in computer vision and multimedia processing for legitimate applications, it is also being used for forgery manipulation. Although several methods have been proposed to detect seam carving-based forgery, to this date, the detection of the seam carving forgery under recompression in JPEG images has not been well explored.To address the highly challenging detection problems described above, we proposed a large feature mining-based approach. Over one hundred thousand features from the spatial domain and from the DCT transform domain are developed. Ensemble learning is used to deal with the high dimensionality and to avoid overfitting that may occur with some traditional learning classifier for the detection. Our study demonstrates the efficacy of proposed approach to discriminating JPEG down-recompression and exposing the seam-carving forgery from the same quality and low quality JPEG recompression. And hence, it fills a gap in image forensics. The work successfully addresses the challenge in detecting JPEG down recompression.It greatly improves the detection of seam carving forgery under recompression anti-forensics.It sheds light on solving highly challenging multimedia forensics problems by large feature mining.
High Resolution Genomic Analysis In CLL Demonstrates Genomic Stability In Untreated Patients and Novel Markers of Progression In Treated Patients

Abstract Abstract 2426 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia of adults but still incurable. Prognosis at diagnosis is widely variable, and the key cytogenetic abnormalities determined by FISH remain one of the best predictors of prognosis and treatment response. We therefore undertook very high resolution genomic analysis of 161 CLLs with matched germline samples using Affymetrix 6.0 SNP arrays, in an effort to identify additional predictors of prognosis, and have also performed gene expression profiling on most of this patient cohort. The median age at diagnosis for the cohort was 55 (31–79), and the median time to sampling was 4.6 months (0.5–291). 22% of the cohort was previously treated, with an additional 21% of patients receiving treatment during the follow-up period, for a total of 43% treated, with a median time from diagnosis to treatment of 41 months (0.4-161.2 months). The genomic data were analyzed both by GISTIC, which identifies significant deletions and amplifications based on analysis of the frequency and amplitude of each aberration in the tumor samples alone, as well as by paired copy number analysis of each tumor and its cognate germline, using Birdseed, PLINK and PennCNV. Our results show that the CLL genome is overall quite stable, with a median of only one acquired copy number aberration per sample, excluding rearrangements at the immunoglobulin gene loci. GISTIC analysis on the entire population identified the known common CLL abnormalities at frequencies that would be expected in a largely untreated cohort: 57% del 13q, 6.2% deletion 11q, 5.0% deletion 17p, and 12% trisomy 12. The presence of two or more acquired copy number aberrations (CNAs) of any type was associated with a significantly shorter time to first therapy (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Don't link carbon markets.

A global network of cap-and-trade systems would deliver greater complexity and fewer emissions cuts, warns Jessica F. Green.
A phase I study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and anti-tumor activity of oral COH29, a novel ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor in adult patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors.

TPS2600Background: Human RNR catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the formation of deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for DNA repair and replication. Rapidly dividing tumor cells ar...
Comparative effectiveness of family problem-solving therapy (F-PST) for adolescents after traumatic brain injury: Protocol for a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial.

Abstract Introduction The objective of this manuscript is to describe the methodology that will be used to test the comparative effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of three formats of family problem solving therapy (F-PST) for improving functional outcomes of complicated mild to severe adolescent TBI. Methods Three-arm comparative effectiveness, randomized clinical trial (RCT) design. We describe the protocol of a three-arm RCT comparing the effectiveness of three modalities of F-PST to reduce executive dysfunction and behavior problems following TBI in adolescence. The RCT will compare the relative effectiveness among face-to-face; online and self-directed; and therapist-supported online modes of treatment. Ethics and dissemination It is anticipated that findings from this work will inform future clinical care practices, with implications for treatment of other patient populations of youth with psychological symptoms arising from neurological conditions. Institutional review board approval will be obtained from all sites prior to commencement of the study.
Restraint of Structures Attached to Mass Concrete

Results of measurement of dimensional- and temperature-changes occurring at depths of up to 5 ft in masses of 3 concrete dams, are presented; measurements were made by means of elastic wire strainmeters embedded in concrete; rational method of calculating effects of restraint by mass concrete is deduced; application to design of reinforcement at junctures of massive concrete with light structural frames where temperature variations are significant.
Optimal Distribution of the Resistivity of the Working Medium in the Channel of a Magnetohydrodynamic Generator

In this chapter, we apply the results obtained earlier to the problem of the optimal distribution of the resistivity of a conducting medium in the channel of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator. This problem has independent applied significance and simultaneously enables us to give a detailed illustration of the necessary conditions for optimality. Indeed, in a large number of cases the example illustrates many important facts that enable one to draw conclusions about the classical or generalized nature of an optimal solution, if one exists. It may happen that the originally chosen class of admissible controls does not contain an optimal control; in these cases, the necessary conditions indicate a natural way to relax the problem, i.e., a way of extending the class of admissible controls to guarantee the existence of an optimal control.
Radioactive Equilibrium Time

The use of radioisotopes in research and stream survey work necessitates the collection of a large number of samples that may contain radioisotopes which yield radioactive daughters. When analyzing such samples, it is necessary to allow the samples to reach equilibrium. The time required to reach equilibrium, secular or transient, can be calculated from basic nuclear physics equations. However, when multiple calculations are required, the table and figures presented are useful in providing a quick, accurate answer.
Transforming Communication for Peace

We interact through communication and the quality of the communication directly affects our relationships. At the same time, the quality of our relationships impacts our communication and so the cycle between these two continues. In conflict situations our communication with others is poor, which feeds into the continued deterioration of our relationships. These destructive processes lead us further away from any potential constructive outcomes and have a direct impact on the social worlds within which we live. In order to change this direction so that we improve the quality of our relationships and social worlds leading to constructive outcomes we need to transform the nature of our communication. This chapter explores communication by looking at the communication we use, specifically the content and process of the communication itself. This differs from traditional ways of looking through communication as a means to an end. The type of communication we will be exploring is dialogue, which shifts the direction of communication from unilateral to bilateral. A way of categorizing the many approaches to dialogue will be offered in helping select the type and form of dialogue most suitable to individual needs. We will be looking at various factors that influence communication both in conflict and non-conflict situations and ways in which we can shift the tone of the communication from conflict to peace. The chapter will conclude with suggestions for ways of sustaining the transformed communication achieved, especially using the coordinated management of meaning.
Modeling and interpreting the accuracy assessment error matrix for a doubly classified map

This paper considers two maps having the same spatial extent and the same mapping categories but where each map is subject to classification error. An overlay of the maps yields a (dis)similarity matrix whose (i, j)-entry is the areal proportion placed into category i by the first map and into category j by the second map. A parametric model, called the latent truth model, is proposed which specifies the dissimilarity matrix in terms of the true (but unknown) proportions for the mapping categories as well as the unknown error rates for the two maps. The number of parameters in the model exceeds the degrees of freedom in the dissimilarity matrix. However, a method of regularization is applied to effectively reduce the dimension of the parameter space and to permit model fitting. From the fitted model, one obtains estimates for the true mapping proportions as well as estimated error matrices for each of the maps. Accuracy assessment characteristics for each map (such as user's accuracy, producer's accuracy, overall accuracy, and the kappa coefficient) can be computed from the estimated error matrices. Methods are illustrated with two landcover maps of Wicomico County, Maryland.
Evaluation of the Ovulatory Factor

The presence or absence of ovulation and the quality of the corpus luteum function, both important factors in infertility, are evaluated initially by three approaches: (1) basal body temperature chart, (2) endometrial biopsy, and (3) the determination of progesterone levels in the blood. It should be emphasized that these three approaches are only presumptive evidence of ovulation, all dependent on the secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum. Occasionally, a luteinized follicle can secrete progesterone and imitate the hormonal features of ovulation.
Increasing Active Transportation Through E-Bike Use: Pilot Study Comparing the Health Benefits, Attitudes, and Beliefs Surrounding E-Bikes and Conventional Bikes.

Background: The emergence of electric pedal-assist bicycles (e-bikes) presents an opportunity to increase active transportation by minimizing personal barriers of engaging in physical activity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the beliefs of individuals using e-bikes for active transport and report preliminary biometric measurements while using e-bikes for physical activity compared with conventional bikes. Methods: Participants used both conventional bicycles and e-bikes to compare energy expenditure while riding on the study route. Apple smart watches were used to track each participant’s heart rate, distance, speed, and time while riding both bicycles. A total of 3 survey instruments were used to estimate beliefs: one administered before riding the bicycles, a second administered after riding a conventional bike, and the final survey completed after riding an e-bike. Survey instruments were constructed using constructs from the theory of planned behavior. Results: The study sample (N=33) included adults aged between 19 and 28 years. Paired t test analysis revealed that participants believed a conventional bike was more likely than an e-bike to benefit their physical health (P=.002) and save them money (P=.005), while an e-bike was perceived to be more likely than a conventional bike to save them time (P<.001). Paired t test analysis revealed participants significantly agreed more with the statement that they could ride an e-bike most days (P=.006) compared with a conventional bike. After participants traveled approximately 10 miles on each type of bicycle, participants’ mean average heart rate while riding the e-bike was 6.21 beats per minute lower than when riding the conventional bike (P=.04), but both were significantly higher than resting heart rate (P<.001). Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that e-bikes are an active form of transportation capable of providing much of the cardiovascular health benefits obtained during conventional bike use. E-bikes may help reduce some of the obstacles to conventional bike use, such as increased transportation time, decreased convenience, and physical fatigue.
Predicting and Optimizing City-Scale Road Traffic Dynamics Using Trajectories of Individual Vehicles

Internet of Things and mobile crowdsensing provide an unprecedented opportunity to collect big data that continuously track the dynamics of large populations. One very important application is to leverage these massive, noisy, and partially observed traffic data to recover road network dynamics and to improve travel efficiency for everyone on the road; however, this process is complicated by high-dimensional and non-linear system dynamics, as well as incomplete information. In this paper we propose a versatile framework for integrating simulation modeling and machine learning in the transportation domain. Our generative approach is related to the stochastic prediction of traffic dynamics in real time using particle filters and simulation. To cope with incomplete information, we use particle filter to empirically estimate the posterior distribution of road network dynamics, and use the particles to improve driving strategies. This integration leads to better accuracy in tracking and predicting vehicle dynamics, and higher future expected return as driving strategies improve.
Effect of Testing Configuration in Semi-Circular Bending Fracture of Asphalt Mixtures: Experiments and Statistical Analyses:

The semi-circular bending (SCB) test is a simple, efficient, and easily applicable method in the pavement community to characterize fracture behavior. This makes it widely used as a quality control...
Stephen Eskildsen, Daoism, Meditation, and the Wonders of Serenity: From the Latter Han Dynasty (25–220) to the Tang Dynasty (618–907). Albany: SUNY Press, 2015. viii, 387 pp. Bibliography, Index. US$ 85 (HB). ISBN 978-1-4384-5823-6

The study of Daoism in recent years has been dominated by studies of social histories of Daoist communities and the ritual practices that bind them. In the case of medieval Daoism, the focus has be...
Social scientific research on the American West: current debates, novel methods, and new directions

Reviewing recent social science research on the western United States from multiple disciplines, we present a state-of-the-art synthesis for scholars and policymakers focused on the socioecological future of this distinctive region. We address four core topics: (1) Migration and population change, focusing on the movements of people across the US West, and the ways that these population shifts are both shaped by and shaping the rise of "New West" economies. (2) Environmental governance, synthesizing work on non-federal government institutions' interactions with the environment, including local/regional government agencies, Indigenous nations, and non-governmental organizations—all of which shape environmental quality and resource access for communities. (3) Place, culture, and belonging, which concerns how people find meaning in their environment and locate their sense of place in the region given changing social and natural landscapes. (4) Research methodologies, with a specific focus on blending cutting-edge machine learning, and social network approaches with well-established ethnographic, demographic, and survey-based methods. We then map out a future interdisciplinary agenda for the policy-relevant study of social and environmental change in the US West. Our approach stresses the importance of mixed method social research and a robust understanding of how culture, values, and identities intersect with ecological changes on landscapes to shape the well-being of people and ecosystems.
A comparison between telehealth and face-to-face delivery of a brief alcohol intervention for college students.

Problematic alcohol use is a common occurrence among college students. While empirically supported interventions exist, their access is typically limited to those with greater resources. There has ...
Lowest V IN Possible for Switched-Inductor Boost Converters

The minimum input voltage from which switched-inductor boost converters can draw power is a critical parameter, especially for power supplies that draw power from low-voltage sources like thermoelectric generators. When a battery is absent or fully discharged, the power supply relies on a millivolt input to wake and supply the system. This paper explains and quantifies what determines this minimum threshold both with and without a charged battery present. Analyses show that CMOS converters can wake with 44 mV, but not output power until the input source voltage vS is 268 mV. With a charged battery, they can transfer energy with 4.6 mV, but not output net power until vS is 64 mV.
Anesthesia and Simulation: An Historic Relationship

The modern history of simulation in anesthesia is rooted in patient safety. In the 1960s, educator Dr. Stephen Abrahamson teamed up with Dr. Judson Denson to develop the first modern simulation mannequin, “Sim One.” Sim One was extraordinary for its day, with heart and lung sounds, movement for breathing, pupils that constricted, flow sensors for drug administration, and more. Its development was a revolutionary feat and represented one of the first uses of computers in medicine for a purpose outside of data storage and retrieval. Unfortunately, their work did not give simulation a central position in anesthesiology training, likely due to the high cost of the prototype and the prevailing dogma that medical education could not be extracted from anything but patients.