cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GFAP mRNA levels following stab wounds in rat brain

We previously reported that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels increased significantly at 3 days after stab wounds, relative to sham-operated controls, reaching a maximum of 200% of control value at 5-7 days. They then fell to near-normal values by 21 days. To determine whether these protein changes correlated with changes in GFAP mRNA we performed Northern blot analyses. Total RNA, isolated from lesioned, sham-operated and intact rat forebrains, was hybridized with 32P-labeled mouse GFAP cDNA and quantified by densitometry. The maximum increase in total RNA content in lesioned animals was only 20% over controls at 12 h. GFAP mRNA levels increased to 2-fold control values at 6 h and reached 5-fold at 12 h. Thereafter they remained at 3.5- to 6-fold until 5 days and then declined to 1.5-fold by 21 days. The rapid increase of GFAP message at 12 h preceded a significant increase in GFAP by 2 days and the decrease of message after 5 days was more precipitate than the slow decrease in GFAP content. Sham-operated animals showed no significant changes in GFAP mRNA, compared to intact controls, during the period 3 h to 14 days postoperation. GFAP mRNA and GFAP in the stab-wound model reached levels similar to those found in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, but returned to normal much more rapidly.
Contrasting inherent optical properties and particle characteristics between an under-ice phytoplankton bloom and open water in the Chukchi Sea

Abstract Variability in the inherent optical properties (IOPs) of seawater and characteristics of the particle assemblage were examined along a transect in the Chukchi Sea during July 2011. This transect encompassed samples from open waters of the marginal ice zone exhibiting low concentrations of chlorophyll-a (Chla 30 mg m−3) beneath consolidated pack ice. Measurements included the spectral coefficients for particulate beam attenuation, backscattering, and absorption, bulk indicators of particle concentration and composition, and the particle size distribution. Within the bloom microphytoplankton contributed >95% to the total Chla, and relatively small amounts of nonalgal particles were present. This assemblage exhibited low Chla-specific phytoplankton absorption coefficients (0.006 m2 mg−1 at 676 nm) indicating a strong influence of pigment packaging, and a weak spectral dependence of the particulate backscattering coefficient. In contrast, the phytoplankton community in nutrient-depleted surface waters outside the sea ice had a strong contribution of picoplankton to Chla (54%) and an increased abundance of nonalgal particles. The Chla-specific phytoplankton absorption coefficient approached maximum values at 676 nm (0.023 m2 mg−1) and particle backscattering had much stronger spectral dependence. Additional samples from near the sea floor exhibited characteristics of either mineral-dominated assemblages or a mixture of mineral and organic particles, and also displayed optical differentiation from the surface samples. The marked contrast in absorption, attenuation, and backscattering properties of these ecological regimes suggest that they can be discriminated from optical measurements available on a variety of in situ and remote-sensing platforms.
Inter-valence-band hole-hole scattering in cubic semiconductors

Transitions between valence subbands resulting from hole-hole scattering in cubic semiconductors have been analyzed in the frame of Coulomb interaction of valence electrons in the Luttinger-Kohn representation. Expressions for transition rates are derived. Calculated rates for transitions between light- and heavy-hole bands are presented for germanium. Hole-hole scattering has remarkably different transition probabilities and scattering-angle dependence than for scattering of holes on ionized impurities. These results are particularly important for hole lifetimes and relative subband populations in unipolar $p$-type devices, such as the hot hole $p\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ge}$ laser. Features of hole-hole scattering for spin polarized hole distributions are also discussed.
Pavement thickness measurement using FM-CW radar

Many theoretical studies have been reported on applications of ground penetrating radar (GPR) system to detect the permittivity and thickness of subsurface layers. However, to develop a GPR system that can accurately measure the thickness and the permittivity simultaneously is not a straightforward task. The main difficulty of quantitative thickness measurement is that the reflected wave from the subsurface interface is very weak compared to the directly coupled waves. The reflected signal may be completely submerged into the strong direct waves. Secondly, the inversion computation from measured data is very noise sensitive. In this paper, we present the development of a frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) radar for quantitative layer thickness measurement. A new mathematical model for the calculation of depth and permittivity from the measured electromagnetic data is presented. The new model is based on the time delay between the direct wave and the reflected wave recorded by a bistatic radar. The data inversion algorithm considers the influences from air-ground interface. It is found that neglecting the air layer effects as the case applied in seismic analysis, the inversion will not be correct. This is because the electromagnetic rays from the GPR take different propagation path from straight or curved ray in seismic-like analysis. Ray path searching must be included in the calculation algorithm. With the consideration of wave path, the experimental results agree well with the actual values either in field test of in laboratory test.
Degradation of Poly[vinyl Fluoride] and Poly[vinylidene Fluoride]

(1985). Degradation of Poly[vinyl Fluoride] and Poly[vinylidene Fluoride] Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part C: Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 227-275.
Bankruptcy classification of firms investigated by the US Securities and Exchange Commission: an evolutionary adaptive ensemble model approach

This paper develops an adaptive, rule-based model for bankruptcy classification of firms subject to the SEC's Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release (AAER). In this paper, we use an evolutionary computing method, genetic algorithm (GA), to generate an optimal set of if-then (comprehensible) rules for bankruptcy classification of AAER firms. In particular, we use bagging to improve the model's generalisation accuracy; and to develop a doubly controlled fitness function to guide the operations of the (GA) method. Our research contributes to the bankruptcy literature in several ways. First, it fills a gap in bankruptcy classification by developing a domain specific model for AAER firms. Secondly, the derived set of if-then rules used in an expert system adds to the bankruptcy knowledge base. Thirdly, we use bagging to improve generalisation of bankruptcy classification models. Finally, we demonstrate the key role of the fitness function in successful model performance.
Do family environments and negative cognitions of adolescents with depressive symptoms vary by ethnic group

The authors investigated the unique associations between family cohesion, family conflict, and depression for African American and European American adolescents (aged 12-17 years). In addition, they tested the influence of a cognitive variable on these relationships. Statistical analysis yielded some provocative findings. Specifically, low family cohesion was uniquely associated with depression for African American adolescents, whereas high family conflict uniquely predicted depression for European American adolescents. Also, a cognitive variable, high self-discrepancy, mediated the effect for the European American adolescents, but not for African American adolescents when analyses were conducted separately by ethnic group. In follow-up analyses, however, this descriptive finding did not meet conventional criteria for establishing moderated mediation. Implications for future research and for designing interventions and prevention strategies for children with depression are discussed.
The Economy As Stressor: A Sectoral Aanalysis∗

Recent analyses have empirically linked two lines of research which together shed new light on the etiology of adaptation related disorders. The first of these lines, the stressful life events research, suggests a positive association between the self-reported experience of certain events and the onset of subsequent health and behavioral problems. The second has discovered a longitudinal relationship between eco? nomic indicators and such archival health indices as infant and heart disease mortality and institutionalization for behavioral disorders. These research foci have been conceptually linked by the hypothesis that economic fluctuation affects the incidence of stressful life events which in turn influence longitudinal variation in health and be? havioral problems. This hypothesis has been supported by recent em? pirical analyses. These tests, however, did not determine if the inci? dence of life events varied with different sectors of the economy as would be predicted by economic theory. This paper describes the mea? surement of the longitudinal relationship between change in the basic and dependent sectors of the Kansas City metropolitan economy and the number of stressful life events experienced by a sample of residents. I. THE STRESSFUL LIFE EVENTS RESEARCH The literature reporting a positive relationship between the exper? ience of life events which require adaptation and the onset of health and behavioral problems is voluminous and has been reviewed else? where. [Dohrenwend & Dohren wend, 1974] The theoretical model underlying this research assumes that health is an equilibrium state between the physical and social Stressors present in an individual's en? vironment and his or her actual or perceived ability to cope with them. This equilibrium state is supposedly perturbed by changes in the num? ber or intensity of Stressors. Physiological and behavioral adjustment strategies are assumed to put the organism at risk of disease processes and maladaptive behavior.
Influence of coriolis coupling, pairing and octupole vibration-particle coupling on ΔK = − 1 E1 transitions in 177Hf

Abstract A fit of 14 ΔK = − 1 E1 transitions in 177 Hf to within 20% of experimentally derived absolute intensities was achieved by considering the principal and Coriolis-mixed E1 components as three adjustable parameters. Subsequent theoretical calculations using Nilsson wave functions and including the effects of pairing, Coriolis coupling and octupole vibration-particle coupling yielded a fit to within a factor of two for the 177 Hf E1 intensities. Only one adjustable parameter, the octupole vibration-particle coupling strength, was used in the microscopic calculations. Three new transitions including two new E1 transitions have been observed in the decay of 177m Lu. Improved E1 relative intensity measurements are presented for comparison with theory.
Factor Analysis of Species Associations among Fishes of the Kiamichi River, Oklahoma

Abstract Species associations among 48 fish species of the Kiamichi River, a large tributary of Red River in SE Oklahoma, were examined using factor analysis of abundance data for 131 collection localities. Collections with high scores for Factors II and III (Steelcolor Shiner and Brook Silverside Groups) were concentrated in upper portions of the drainage, although certain species of both groups were rather widely distributed over the drainage. Collections with high scores for Factor I (White Bass Group) were primarily restricted to the mainstream of the lower Kiamichi River; those with high scores for Factors V and VI (Silvery Minnow and Golden Shiner Groups) were concentrated in tributaries of the lower Kiamichi. Excepting two species restricted to the lower Kiamichi, the species of Factor IV (Green Sunfish Group) were widely distributed over the drainage. In general, occurrence in the lower Kiamichi was positively correlated with westward distribution of the species into prairie environments of Oklaho...
Amino acid availability of selected plant products and fish meal for American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

Abstract Digestibility trials were conducted to determine the amino acid availability of selected ingredients (corn grain, soybean meal, soy protein concentrate, wheat gluten, and menhaden fish meal) fed to American alligator at inclusion levels of 30% or 45% of the diet. Apparent crude protein digestibility of soybean meal and soy protein concentrate was significantly reduced at the higher dietary inclusion level, while crude protein digestibility of wheat gluten was unaffected ( P > 0.05). Energy digestibility of soybean meal also was significantly reduced at the 45% inclusion level, but energy digestibility of soy protein concentrate and energy digestibility of wheat gluten did not change ( P > 0.05) at either inclusion level. Crude protein digestibility of yellow corn grain was not affected ( P > 0.05) by corn inclusion level, but energy digestibility of corn was reduced ( P P P > 0.05) were observed in the availability of any amino acid in soybean meal fed at 30% or 45% of the diet. Results indicated that American alligator efficiently digested crude protein and energy in an assortment of plant products of varied chemical composition which could be used as alternatives to animal protein in compounded diets. Availability of dietary essential amino acids also was usually high (often greater than 90%) when these ingredients were provided at levels of 30–45% of the diet.
Effects of increasing levels of grain supplementation on rumen environment and lactation performance of dairy cows grazing grass-legume pasture.

Abstract The impact of supplemental energy on nutrient utilization, fiber digestion, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance was evaluated in dairy cows grazing pastures composed of brome, orchardgrass, red clover, and alfalfa. Three amounts [0, 5, and 10 kg dry matter (DM)/d] of ground dry shelled corn-based concentrate were supplemented to nine rumen cannulated Holstein cows in a 3 × 3 Latin square replicated three times. Cows were on average 84 ± 13 d in milk and producing 41.6 ± 5.9 kg of milk/d at the beginning of the study. An increase in amounts of concentrate in the diets was associated with an increase in milk production, solids-corrected milk, and concentrations of milk protein and SNF. Milk fat percentage and milk urea nitrogen concentration decreased linearly with supplementation. Milk production and protein percentage were 21.8, 26.8, and 30.4 kg/d, and 2.85, 2.95, and 3.05% for the increasing levels of concentrate, respectively. Intake and digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) increased as grain supplementation increased. Ruminal pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration (VFA) were not affected by supplementation or the amount of concentrate. Ruminal ammonia concentration was reduced by supplementation, presumably due to a decrease in N intake and greater use of ammonia-N for rumen microbial protein synthesis. Rumen fermentation varied throughout the day, with lower mean pH and higher VFA concentrations at night. Supplementation increased total OM intake, decreased forage OM intake, and increased the proportion of OM that was digested in the intestines. Total DM intake by grazing dairy cows can be increased using ground dry shelled corn-based concentrate without causing negative effects on forage digestion.
What Do Students Know About Cheating? Spotlight on Sharon A. Valente and Dan Lawson

Two scholars discuss their research based on results from the Academic Integrity Awareness Survey (AIAS), which assesses students' knowledge about, and their decision making process regarding, ethical behavior.
Measurement of the Stokes parameters of light

We describe a measuring system for determining the state of polarization of a beam of light in terms of its Stokes parameters. The technique which can be fully automated incorporates a monochromator and single photon counting detection and can thus be applied over a large wavelength range for very weak optical signals. Fourier transformation of the data by an on-line minicomputer allows immediate calculation of the Stokes parameters. We discuss special applications to light emitted from excited atomic systems with and without cylindrical symmetry.
Alteration in thyroid hormone and gastrin concentrations in goats infected with Trichostrongylus colubriformis

Abstract Five groups of five goats each were infected with 0, 10, 25, 40 or 50 × 10 3 third-stage larvae of Trichostrongylus colubriformis . On days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after infection, serum samples were collected and assayed for thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), thyroid binding globulin and gastrin. Immediately after collection of baseline samples, thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) (1 μg/kg body weight) was administered intravenously. Additional serum samples were collected 1 and 4 hr later and assayed for T 3 and T 4 , respectively. Significant alterations of thyroid hormone concentrations in goats were associated only with the duration of infection, and not with the magnitude of the infective inoculum. Thyroid binding globulin and gastrin concentrations were not altered by the size or duration of T. colubriformis infection. TRF significantly increased ( P 4 (from 4.6 to 8.0 μg/dl at 4 hr) and T 3 (from 0.6 to 1.91 ng/ml at 1 hr). Intravenous administration of 1 μg/kg TRF with collection of serum 1 and 4 hr later proved a suitable regime for thyroid stimulation testing in the goat.
Bilateral palatal myoclonus: report of case.

Once considered rare, palatal myoclonus is being reported more frequently. The case here concerns a 12-yearold girl with bilateral palatal myoclonus. No predictable cure is available for the condition but various treatments can be used to improve the quality of life of affected patients.
Strain Measurement Within a Single‐lap Joint Using Embedded Strain Gages

An experimental method used to measure the in-plane normal-axial strains produced within a single-lap joint is described in which a resistance-foil strain gage is embedded within the joint prior to curing of the adhesive. Nominal dimensions of the titanium Ti-6-4 adherends were 0.13 x 2.5 x 12.7 cm and an overlap of 2.5 cm was used. The joint was bonded with FM-300 structural adhesive. The average ultimate shear strength of the gaged specimens and control specimens was 16.1 MPa and 14.1 MPa. A significant advantage of the proposed method is that strains internal to the joint are measured, rather than strains at an external edge. The presence of the gage was found to be not detrimental to bond performance.
Patterns of temperature sensitivity in Contrabithorax/Ultrabithorax heterozygotes of Drosophila.

Abstract Contrabithorax (Cbx) is a dominant homeotic mutant of Drosophila which transforms wings to halteres, while Ultrabithorax (Ubx) is a dominant mutant which transforms halteres to wings. Therefore Cbx Ubx flies carry dominant homeotic mutants engaged in opposing transformations. This article reports that Cbx TM2 Ubx 130 is temperature sensitive. At 29°C, flies express strong Cbx transformation of wings, and minor Ubx transformation of halteres. Larvae shifted to 17°C prior to 72 hr express strong Ubx transformation of halteres toward wings, and slight Cbx transformation of wings. Seventeen-degree temperature-pulse experiments show that the Cbx TM2 Ubx 130 system is temperature sensitive continuously during embryonic and larval life. Expression of the Cbx transformation in left and right wings is highly correlated in all conditions studied, as is expression of the Ubx transformation in left and right halteres, but the Cbx transformation in wings and Ubx transformation in halteres can be negatively correlated or uncorrelated. The temperature sensitivity in Cbx TM2 Ubx 130 is not found in Cbx Ubx 61D , and Ubx is only weakly expressed in Sb TM2 Ubx130 flies. These results show that Cbx in trans to Ubx can enhance Ubx expression, although Cbx also causes an opposing transformation to Ubx; that the Cbx Ubx system acts in both the mesothorax and metathorax to modulate their phenotypes; and that both transformations are broadly temperature sensitive through embryonic and larval life. This suggests that the Cbx TM2 Ubx 130 system functions continuously during embryonic and larval development to maintain mesothoracic and metathoracic commitments. The results are interpreted in terms of a Cbx Ubx feedback loop which maintains the mesothorax in a state of low Cbx Ubx activity, and metathorax in a state of high Cbx Ubx activity.
Healing of a gastrocolic fistula complicating a benign unoperated gastric ulcer.

The author reports an unusual opportunity to observe gastroscopically the apparent healing of a spontaneous gastrocolic fistula produced by a giant gastric ulcer.
Isolation of Agrobacterium sp. Strain KNK712 That Produces N-Carbamyl-D-Amino Acid Amidohydrolase, Cloning of the Gene for this Enzyme, and Properties of the Enzyme

Agrobacterium sp. strain KNK712, which produced N-carbamyl-D-amino acid amidohydrolase (DCase) was isolated from soil. The bacterium had D-specific hydantoinase activity also. Both enzymes are suitable for use in the production of D-amino acids. The DCase gene from Agrobacterium sp. strain KNK712 was cloned into Escherichia coli. The cloned DNA fragment contained one open reading frame, predicted to encode a peptide of 304 amino acids, with a calculated molecular weight of 34,285. The DCase gene was overexpressed under the control of the lac promoter, and DCase accounted for 50% of the soluble protein in the cells.The enzyme was purified and some properties were investigated. Both the optimum pH and the pH that gave greatest stability were about pH 7.0. The optimum temperature was 65°C, and the enzyme was stable at 55°C. The enzyme had strict specificity toward N-carbamyl-D-amino acids, and was inhibited by thiol reagents, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ag+, and ammonia.
School Counselor Training with LGBTQ Clients: A Constitutional Conflict

Can school counselor trainees refuse to comply with the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and still complete the degree program to become professional school counselors? Two school counseling graduate students argued that they have the right to disregard the ACA Code of Ethics because of their religious beliefs. Two federal appellate decisions were examined to discuss whether the role of an ethics code can be selectively followed according to the school counselor trainee's beliefs or if the code serves as a cohesive, binding statement of professional conduct for all members of the profession including its aspirants. Implications for graduate students training to become public school counselors are also discussed.
Positional specificity of a phospholipase A activity induced by wounding, systemin, and oligosaccharide elicitors in tomato leaves

Phospholipase A (PLA) activity, as measured by the accumulation of 14 C-lysophosphatidylcholine in leaves of tomato plants, increased rapidly and systemically in response to wounding. The increase in PLA activity in the systemic unwounded leaves was biphasic in wild-type tomato plants, peaking at 15 min and again at 60 min, but the second peak of activity was absent in transgenic prosystemin antisense plants. Supplying young excised tomato plants with the polypeptide hormone systemin also caused 14 C-lysophosphatidylcholine to increase to levels similar to those induced by wounding, but the increase in activity persisted for >2 hr. Antagonists of systemin blocked both the release of 14 C-lysophosphatidylcholine and the accumulation of defense proteins in response to systemin. 14 C-lysophosphatidylcholine levels did not increase in response to jasmonic acid. Chemical acylation of the lysophosphatidylcholine produced by wounding, systemin, and oligosaccharide elicitors followed by enzymatic hydrolysis with lipases of known specificities demostrated that the lysophosphatidylcholine is generated by a PLA with specificity for the sn-2 position.
74dB SNDR multi-loop sturdy-MASH delta-sigma modulator using 35dB opamp gain

In this paper a new multi-loop delta-sigma modulator is presented. This multi-loop modulator is insensitive to low gain opamps while maintaining the stability advantage. As a proof of concept, a prototype was implemented to show the functionality of this structure. Measurement results shows that with open-loop opamp gain of only 35 dB, this prototype achieves over 74 dB SNDR at oversampling ratio of 16. The sampling frequency is 20 MHz and the total power dissipation is 3.2 mW from a 1.2 V power supply.
Shape-specific polymeric nanomedicine: emerging opportunities and challenges

Size and shape are fundamental properties of micro/nanoparticles that are critically important for nanomedicine applications. Extensive studies have revealed the effect of particle size on spherical particles with respect to circulation, extravasation and distribution in vivo. In contrast, the importance of particle shape has only recently begun to emerge. For example, cylindrically-shaped filomicelles (diameter 22-60 nm, length 8-18 μm) have shown persistent blood circulation for up to one week after intravenous injection, much longer than their spherical counterparts. Disc-shaped nanoparticles have demonstrated higher in vivo targeting specificity to endothelial cells expressing intercellular adhesion molecule receptors in mice than spherical particles of similar size. In this Minireview, we will discuss the recent advances in the fabrication of shape-specific nanoparticles and their unique biological and pharmacological properties. Computational models are presented to provide mechanistic understanding of the shape effects on cell targeting under flow conditions. Shape-specific nanoparticles have the potential to significantly improve the performance of nanomedicine in diagnostic imaging and targeted drug delivery applications.
Enhancement of convective heat transfer in the developing region of circular tubes using corona wind

Abstract An experimental research was conducted to investigate the level of heat transfer enhancement that can be achieved by corona wind in the developing region of circular tubes. The study was focused on transitional and lower range of turbulent flows with Reynolds number and voltage ranging from 2500 to 13 000 and 0 to 10.5 kV, respectively. The maximum enhancements of the local and average heat transfer coefficients were 14–23% and 6–8%, respectively. These values indicate the level of enhancement beyond the conventional values in the developing region of the circular tubes.
Asynchronous processor survey

Virtually all computers today are synchronous. As systems grow increasingly large and complex the clock can cause big problems with clock skew, a timing delay that can create havoc with the overall design. It can also increase the circuit silicon and power dissipation, which can affect overheating and power supplies. Computer architecture researchers are actively considering asynchronous processor design. Asynchronous architectures permit modular design. Each subsystem or functional block can be optimized without being synchronized to a global clock, which simplifies interfacing. Moreover, an asynchronous system exhibits the average performance of all the individual components, rather than the synchronous system's worst-case performance of a single component. Furthermore, asynchronous processors may yet prove to offer reduced power dissipation by inherently shutting down unused portions of the circuit. This article examines the key architecture issues that concern designers and compares six developmental asynchronous architectures: CAP, the Caltoch Asynchronous Processor; FAM, the Fully Asynchronous Microprocessor; NSR, the Nonsynchronous RISC; CFPP, the Counterflow Pipeline Processor; Strip, a Self-Assured RISC Processor; and Amulet 1.
A general method for calculating momentum and heat transfer in laminar and turbulent duct flows

A method for solving boundary-layer equations with boundary conditions corresponding to two-dimensional plane and axisymmetric, laminar and turbulent internal flows is described and results are presented. This method represents an extension of a procedure previously used with considerable success for an extensive range of two- and three-dimensional external flows, and is shown here to be equally successful when applied to internal flows. The efficient and accurate numerical scheme, which considers the pressure gradient as a nonlinear eigenvalue, is coupled with eddy-viscosity and eddy-conductivity assumptions for turbulent flow and is shown to represent the mean flow and heat transfer properties of flows including those with transition, provided the location of the onset of transition is known. An alternative method of considering the pressure gradient, the Mechul function approach, which offers the advantage of allowing solutions in the regions of flow separation, is also described.
Jointed Goatgrass Management with Imazamox‐Resistant Cultivars in a Winter Wheat–Fallow Rotation

Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host) is an economically important weed in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-fallow production regions of the United States. Few options exist for man- agement of jointed goatgrass in winter wheat due to the close genetic relationship between the two species. This research evaluated use of imazamox herbicide (2-((RS)-4-isopropyl-4- methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5-methoxym- ethylnicotinic acid) in an imazamox-resistant (IR) winter wheat-fallow rotation over 6 yr when grown continuously or in rotation with a con- ventional winter wheat cultivar. The objectives of this study were to compare use patterns of IR technology in winter wheat with respect to jointed goatgrass density and wheat grain contamination over three crop years in a win- ter wheat-fallow system and to monitor jointed goatgrass and jointed goatgrass × wheat hybrid populations for resistance to imazamox. The IR treatment resulted in reduced jointed goatgrass density compared to conventional treatments in 5 out of 6 yr. Reductions in jointed goatgrass tiller density resulting from use of imazamox in IR winter wheat were evident in a subsequent crop year at each of two experimental sites. No IR jointed goatgrass plants nor viable jointed goatgrass × wheat hybrid plants were found. In a winter wheat-fallow rotation, IR technol- ogy can effectively manage jointed goatgrass populations and reduce jointed goatgrass con- tamination of grain. Use of the technology every other crop year, or two out of every three crop years, will provide management benefi ts in sub- sequent years.
The actuated workbench: computer-controlled actuation in tabletop tangible interfaces

The Actuated Workbench is a device that uses magnetic forces to move objects on a table in two dimensions. It is intended for use with existing tabletop tangible interfaces, providing an additional feedback loop for computer output, and helping to resolve inconsistencies that otherwise arise from the computer's inability to move objects on the table. We describe the Actuated Workbench in detail as an enabling technology, and then propose several applications in which this technology could be useful.
Polyethers. VI. Aluminum alkyls as catalysts for polymerization of propylene oxide

Solutions of triethyl aluminum, diethyl aluminum chloride, and triisobutyl aluminum are effective catalysts for polymerization of propylene oxide. Very small, but reproducible yields of isotactic polymer were obtained.
Young neurons from the adult subependymal zone proliferate and migrate along an astrocyte, extracellular matrix-rich pathway.

The subependymal zone (SEZ) of the lateral ventricle of adult rodents has long been known to be mitotically active. There has been increased interest in the SEZ, since it has been demonstrated that neuroepithelial stem cells residing there generate neurons in addition to glia in vitro. In the present study, we have examined parasagittal sections of the adult mouse brain using immunocytochemistry for extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules (tenascin and chondroitin sulfate-containing proteoglycans), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, a cytoskeletal protein prominently expressed by immature and reactive astrocytes), RC-2 (a radial glial and immature astrocyte cytoskeletal marker), TuJ1 (a class III beta-tubulin isoform expressed solely by postmitotic and adult neurons), nestin (a cytoskeletal protein associated with stem cells), neuron-specific enolase, and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, which is taken up by dividing cells). Our results demonstrate that a population of young neurons reside within an ECM-rich, GFAP-positive astrocyte pathway from the rostral SEZ all the way into the olfactory bulb. Furthermore, BrdU labeling studies indicate that there is a high level of cell division along the entire length of this path, and double-labeling studies indicate that neurons committed to a neuronal lineage (i.e., TuJ1+) take up BrdU (suggesting they are in the DNA synthesis phase of the cell cycle), again along the entire length of the SEZ "migratory pathway." Thus, the SEZ appears to retain the ability to produce neurons and glia throughout the life of the animal, functioning as a type of "brain marrow." The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the role that such a glial/ ECM-rich boundary (as seen in the embryonic cortical subplate and other developing areas) may play in: confining the migratory populations and maintaining them in a persistent state of immaturity; facilitating their migration to the olfactory bulb, where they are incorporated into established adult circuitries; and potentially altering SEZ cell cycle dynamics that eventually lead to cell death.
Development of Glass Compositions for Immobilization of Savannah River Plant Waste

Two fundamental problems related to processing Savannah River Plant wastes are the formation of ferrite-spinel crystals during melting, and the high viscosity and ready devitrification of high aluminum sludge-melts. The effects of several glass composition variables on these processing problems have been investigated. The most important variables are the TiO2 content, the molar ratio of alkali to silica, and the molar ratio of Li2O to total alkali. As the TiO2 content decreases, the amount of crystalline material (either ferrite-spinel or aluminosilicate) also decreases; however, the viscosity of the melt increases. Increasing the alkali to silica ratio and the Li2O to total alkali ratio decreases the viscosity greatly, but also increases the tendency to devitrify. Other variables investigated were MO content (M = Mg, Ca, or Ba), R2O3 content (R = Al or B), and the addition of other viscosity-reducing metal oxides. None of these are of major importance.
Solving slab lamellar grating problems by the singular-value-decomposition method

We formulate a slab lamellar grating problem as a linear system and first use the traditional matrix-inversion technique in order to solve the system. The system can readily be solved without difficulties if its dimension is small; however, the solution may not be accurate owing to truncation. As the dimension increases, the system becomes numerically singular, which prevents solution by traditional inversion methods. We then apply the singular-value-decomposition (SVD) method in order to overcome this difficulty and thus obtain the solution. Our results demonstrate that the solution is satisfactory because it meets fundamental energy-conservation criteria and satisfies boundary conditions. Our study concludes that, for grating problems involving numerical singularities, the SVD technique is superior to the inversion technique.
Hypercholesterolemia inhibits re-endothelialization of arterial injuries by TRPC channel activation

Objective After arterial injury, endothelial cell (EC) migration is essential for healing, but lipid oxidation products activate TRPC6 and TRPC5 ion channels, leading to increased intracellular calcium and inhibition of EC migration in vitro. The objective of this study was to further evaluate the role of TRPC channels in EC migration in vitro and to validate in vitro findings in an in vivo model. Methods Mouse aortic ECs were cultured, and the effect of lysophosphatidylcholine, the major lysophospholipid in oxidized low-density lipoprotein, on migration was assessed in a razor-scrape assay. EC healing after a carotid injury with electrocautery was evaluated in wild-type (WT), TRPC6 −/− , and TRPC5 −/− mice receiving either a chow or high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Results Lysophosphatidylcholine inhibited EC migration of WT ECs to 22% of baseline and of TRPC5 −/− ECs to 53% of baseline but had minimal effect on TRPC6 −/− EC migration. Hypercholesterolemia severely impaired EC healing in vivo, with 51.4% ± 1.8% and 24.9% ± 2.0% of the injury resurfaced with ECs at 5 days in chow-fed and HC-fed WT mice, respectively ( P TRPC6 −/− mice, with coverage of 48.4% ± 3.4% and 46.8% ± 1.6% in chow-fed and HC-fed TRPC6 −/− mice, respectively. Hypercholesterolemia had a reduced inhibitory effect in TRPC5 −/− mice, with EC coverage of 51.7% ± 3.0% and 37.% ± 1.4% in chow-fed and HC-fed TRPC5 −/− mice, respectively. Conclusions Results suggest that activation of TRPC6 and TRPC5 channels is the key contributor to impaired endothelial healing of arterial injuries in hypercholesterolemic mice.
Target Blood Pressure Level Before Antihypertensive Class to Improve Outcomes More Quickly in Uncomplicated Hypertension

To the Editor: The article by Ma et al,1 regarding changes in antihypertensive prescribing during US outpatient visits for uncomplicated hypertension, provides important information on the prescribing patterns and use of guideline recommendations for the treatment of hypertension in the United States. However, although the ongoing debate as to which class of antihypertensive to prescribe, especially in patients with uncomplicated hypertension, continues unabated, the importance of blood pressure reduction is too …
Nationalism and Social Classes in British West Africa

DURING THE COURSE of the past fifty years or so since the establishment of colonial rule in British West Africa,' nationalism has registered striking advances in this area and has even secured its major objectives of national self-determination and selfgovernment in the former Gold Coast colony (now named Ghana). Political movements along "national" rather than "tribal" lines, claiming, as we have already suggested, the rights of national selfdetermination and self-government, have emerged and have succeeded in transforming a significant part of the way of life of West African peoples and societies.2 In this paper, we shall attempt to uncover certain elements of the sources of West African nationalism, so as to render its basic dynamics and character comprehensible. It is clear to the student of African affairs that colonialism has been the matrix out of which West African nationalism has arisen. Certain distinct policies and practices of the colonial powers in West
Quantitative genetic modeling of regional brain volumes and cognitive performance in older male twins.

As part of an ongoing longitudinal twin study, data from both MRI brain scanning and from neuropsychological testing were obtained from 139 male � /male twin pairs (72 monozygotic [MZ] and 67 dizygotic [DZ]), 69 � /80 years old at the time of examination. For descriptive purposes, we examined the MZ and DZ intraclass correlations (ICC) of four lobar brain volumes (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital), two cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes (lateral ventricle and temporal horn of the lateral ventricles), and two measures of cognitive functioning (verbal memory and executive function). We found that for lobar brain and CSF space volumes, the MZ ICC were significantly greater than zero (r � /0.37 � /0.77) and greater than the corresponding DZ correlations (r� /0.02 � /0.49). Similarly, within-pair correlations for the two neuropsychological factors were statistically significant and significantly larger in MZ twin pairs than in DZ pairs, suggesting the presence of genetic variance. Bivariate genetic analysis revealed that while close to 60% of individual differences in neuropsychological performance were due to genetic influences, less than 50% of genetic effects were in common with those influencing brain volumes. These data may shed light on the genetic liability for brain diseases that affect the elderly. # 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Configuration management in the HILDA system

HILDA (high level design assistance) is a prototype of a rule-based configurer that operates in a CAD (computer-aided design) framework. The configurer in HILDA adopts the approach of generalized templates for configuring design models, i.e. it typically requires only one generalized template for each CAD tool instead of one template per design model, as in most other systems. A generalized template relieves the designers of creating and maintaining templates and yet facilitates integration of any arbitrary number of CAD tools. In particular, it supports dynamic changes of design structures in the design process by providing features such as keywords for traversing design hierarchies at run time, multiple rules for representing alternative configuring paths, backtracking for performing depth-first search and a flexible strategy for selecting versions. >
David Hume: Unwitting Cosmopolitan?

If Hume is considered cosmopolitan in his ethics at all, he is said to be so through his anti-mercantilist approach to commerce. Prevailing commercial interpretations attribute to Hume a cosmopolitanism that is best described as instrumental and supervenient. I argue that Hume’s principles lead to a cosmopolitan ethic that is more demanding than commercial interpretations recognize. Hume’s cosmopolitanism is more than merely supervenient and its instrumentality is such that cosmopolitan regard becomes inseparable from healthy patriotic concern. I show sympathy and duty, not merely justice, central to Hume’s cosmopolitanism and address how Hume’s moderate cosmopolitanism might be enacted in society. I suggest Hume’s view can contribute to contemporary cosmopolitan discourse, aiding both those forms with which it is consonant and the practical ends of otherwise opposed, Kantian forms.
Les Potentiels D'Action Du Cordon Nerveux Ganglionnaire Cardiaque De Limulus Polyphemus Observés A L'Oscillographe Cathodique

(1931). Les Potentiels D'Action Du Cordon Nerveux Ganglionnaire Cardiaque De Limulus Polyphemus Observes A L'Oscillographe Cathodique. Archives Internationales de Physiologie: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 196-221.
EPRI creep-fatigue achievements in support of safe and reliable flexible operation of power plant components

EPRI has been providing technical support to key Global partners in the Electricity Supply Industry for over 40 years. In the Generation Sector, a key research imperative is knowledge creation and technology transfer linked to reliable, safe and economic flexible operation of power plants. The present paper outlines achievements related to assessment of transients in modern generating plant, highlights particular forms of damage and outlines considerations for additional research. In many cases, this future work will consider the behavior of creep strength enhanced steels. These steels, typically based on 9 to 12% Cr, offer significant benefits to the design and fabrication of components in high efficiency fossil fuelled plants because, when properly processed, tempered martensitic steels offer an excellent combination of strength and toughness. EPRI collaboration has been focused on root cause assessment so that lessons learned can be used to establish best practice. EPRI facilitated activ- ities have included annual creep-fatigue discussions, publication of summary documents and additional research. Excellence in science and engineering is necessary to underpin technology which will help to meet challenges associated with safe and reliable operation of plant.
Push Pull Pedagogy: 15 Strategies for Saudi Student Success at the University Level

One challenge that instructors face is how to design and teach a course so the material engages students' prior knowledge and their skills, whether the intent is to examine that knowledge, build on it or use it for selfreflection. Basically, when students bring diverse backgrounds, course design and teaching is particularly challenging. By invoking various strategies to address student differences can provide valuable clarity for both students and instructors while creating vibrant educational classroom conversations. This paper provides an overview of strategies for Saudi student success at the university/3rd level based upon discussions, observations and practices instituted at the University of Dubuque in Dubuque, Iowa. Key to these 15 strategies are Hofstede’s cross-cultural theories from 2001, often cited and recently amended, and the application of author Phyllis Garfield’s thesis on short-term study and cultural competence.
D2 Analysis in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)

Genetic divergence was studied for different yield and its component traits for 51 rice genotypes collected from different eco-geographical regions of India. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Based on genetic distance all the 51 genotypes were grouped under fifteen different clusters. The mode of distribution of genotypes from different eco- regions into various clusters was at random indicating that geographical diversity and genetic diversity were not related. The characters like plant height, panicle length and grain yield per plant contributed maximum towards genetic diversity. The maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between cluster I and XV. Selection of genotypes in these clusters which may serve as potential donors for future hybridization programmes to develop potential recombinants with high yield coupled with desirable traits.
Form of Mima Mounds in Relation to Occupancy by Pocket Gophers

L'occupation des tertres de T. talpaides a ete examinee afin d'etudier si le nombre des individus, de sexes et d'âges differents, varie en fonction de la taille du tertre. La variation des formes des coupes transversales des tertres a ete etudiee suivant la taille du tertre et le nombre d'animaux l'occupant
Autism, episodic memory, and moral exemplars

AbstractThis paper presents a challenge for exemplar theories of moral concepts. Some have proposed that we acquire moral concepts by way of exemplars of actions that are prohibited as well as of actions that are required, and we classify newly encountered actions based on their similarity to these exemplars. Judgments of (im)permissibility then follow from these exemplar-based classifications. However, if this were true, then we would expect that individuals who lacked, or were deficient in, the capacity to form or access exemplars of this kind would be similarly deficient in the ability to classify new actions according to them, and this relative inability would be manifested in the moral judgments made by such individuals. However, there is reason to suspect, I think, that a number of individuals who have been diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) actually have the deficiencies I have described here but are nevertheless fully able to make sound moral judgments. If this is so, then it must be th...
The multiple attenuation toolbox: Progress, challenges and open issues

Multiple removal is a longstanding problem in exploration seismology. Although methods for removing multiples have advanced and have become more effective, the concomitant industry trend toward more complex exploration areas and difficult plays has at times outpaced advances in multiple-attenuation capability. The topic of multiples, and the need for developing ever more effective methods for their removal, remains high in terms of industry interest, priority and research investment.