cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some physiological and behavioural changes associated with oestrus and pregnancy in the squirrel monkey (Satmiri sciureus)

Peak values in the karyopyknotic index of vaginal smears from the squirrel monkey occurred at intervals of 10.9±0.1 days. The urinary excretory rate of a metabolite similar to preg-nanediol increased when ovulation was induced by exogenous gonadotropin therapy. Small amounts of this metabolite were excreted during lactation, periods of anoestrus and during the follicular phases of normal oestrous cycles. Significantly larger amounts were excreted during the 157 days gestation period and during the luteal phase which persisted for one week after a peak karyopyknotic index value was observed. Changes in the pattern of urinary electrolyte excretion were not correlated reliably with changes in ovarian differentiation. Sexual motivation was greatest at mid-cycle, became less after conception and persisted at a low level throughout gestation and lactation. The occurrence of oestrus was seasonal and independent of physical contact with males. The development of secondary sexual characteristics in the male was synchronized with the onset of seasonal oestrus in the females.
Bite without bark: How the socioeconomic context of the 1950s U.S. drought minimized responses to a multiyear extreme climate event

The drought of the 1950s was among the most widespread, severe and sustained ever experienced in the United States. For several states, the severity of the 1950s drought exceeded that of the 1930s “Dust Bowl”. The 1950s were characterized by low rainfall amounts and by excessively high temperatures. The climatological aspects of the drought subsided in most areas with the spring rains of 1957. A careful review of official reports over this period reveals limited acknowledgment of the drought of the 1950s. The drought was no secret, but it did not receive a great deal of news coverage; later droughts of lower severity and shorter duration, such as 1976–77, 1988, 2002–2004, 2011–2012 and the ongoing drought in California (2011–2015), garnered much greater national focus. In this paper, the question why such a major geophysical variation appears to have elicited little major national policy response, including the apparent lack of significant media concern is addressed. In framing the discussion this study assesses, the evolution of drought during the 1950s to establish its national and regional policy contexts, technological improvements and financial changes prior to and during the event, and on and off-farm responses in terms of the socioeconomic impacts. The study provides an overview of key developments and concerns in agriculture since the early 20th Century sets the context for the 1950s, then moves to the farm itself as a unit of analysis. This approach shows not only how the situation may have appeared to those outside the afflicted areas, but also how decisions were guided by agricultural economics affecting farmers at the time, and the strong influence of broader historical trends in which the 1950s were embedded. The paper provides the relevant agricultural statistics and uncovers the political and public perceptions moving through the drought years. Overproduction was the fundamental, almost paradoxical problem facing American agriculture at the time. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the implications of this event, and the attendant responses, might provide guidance to future assessments of extremes such as severe drought in the context of a changing climate.
Exploring the link between being bullied and adolescent substance use

Although research suggests that bullied adolescents may respond to victimization with substance use, much of this prior work has been cross-sectional. Using longitudinal data from a community-based sample, we examine the impact of early bullying victimization on the initiation of substance use in adolescence after considering the potential influence of selection effects using propensity score matching. After matching, there were moderate differences between victims of bullying and control students for cigarette smoking and alcohol use, which was limited to those exposed to higher levels of bullying. Being bullied in childhood appears to have only minor effects on the onset of adolescent substance use in this sample.
Stress radiographs in orthopaedic surgery.

Stress radiographs are useful in determining the amount of ligamentous laxity present following trauma. The results may be helpful in determining diagnosis, surgical indications, and the type and timing of rehabilitation. Some techniques for obtaining stress radiographs involve specific patient positioning or manually applied force; others require use of a particular testing device. Stress radiographs may be obtained for a variety of anatomic areas and joints. The parameters that define abnormality on stress radiographs should be compared with those of clinical findings. The use of common and novel methods to obtain stress radiographs has led to improved identification and diagnosis of many orthopaedic pathologies. Some of these techniques have been developed with the aim of reducing patient discomfort or minimizing the clinician’s exposure to radiation.
Adaptive and Personalized Gesture Recognition Using Textile Capacitive Sensor Arrays

Upper extremity mobility impairment is a common sequel of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), brain injury, strokes, and degenerative diseases such as Guillain-Barre and ALS. Existing assistive technology solutions that provide access as user input devices are intrusive and expensive, and require physical contact that can have deleterious effects such as skin friction injury for paralyzed users who have reduced skin sensitivity. To address this problem, in this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a non-contact proximity gesture recognition system using fabric capacitive sensor arrays. The fabric sensors are lightweight, flexible, and can be easily integrated into items of quotidian use such as clothing, bed sheets, and pillow covers. Our gesture recognition algorithm builds on two known classification techniques, Hidden Markov Model and Dynamic Time Warping to convert raw capacitance values to alphanumeric gestures. Our system is personalized to the user, allowing personalized selection of gesture sets and definition of gesture patterns in accordance with their capabilities. Our system adapts to changes in sensor configuration and orientation with minimal user training and intervention. We have evaluated our system in the context of a gesture-driven home automation system on six subjects that includes an individual who has a C6 Spinal Cord injury. We show that our system can recognize gestures of varying complexity with an average accuracy of 99 percent with minimal training.
Pediatric sleep apnea: Five things you might not know.

Summary Obstructive sleep apnea is a frequently overlooked, treatable disorder that is common among children. This article discusses 5 important aspects of this disorder that might not be known to the general pediatric practitioner or pediatric neurologist. These aspects are important in screening, properly evaluating, and treating children with obstructive sleep apnea.
The Legitimacy of a Federal Commission as a Deliberative Democratic Process: The Case of the Secretary’s Commission on Opportunity in Athletics

In 2002, the Secretary of Education established a commission to examine ways to strengthen enforcement of the Title IX law and expand opportunities for school sports. This article examined the legitimacy of the commission in terms of realizing deliberative democratic process ideals. Interviews and document analysis revealed that degrees of legitimacy were reached in terms of representation, quality of deliberations, and credibility that led to various tensions felt by citizens. Citizens believed in the importance of participating in Title IX policy discussions but, overall, were suspicious of the government and thus questioned the commission’s legitimacy.
Matrices in linear mechanical systems

In a recent interesting paper [1] on the stability of linear mechanical systems S.P. Diliberto discusses certain reduction theorems for symmetric and skew-symmetric Hamiltonian matrices with respect to symplectic orthogonal similarity. In what follows it is shown that a unified simple argument will handle both of these problems together and then a s an example it is indicated how the argument can be also used to obtain the reduction theorem for symplectic orthogonal matrices.
Political Science in China: A New State of Siege

A year has passed since the prodemocracy demonstators in Beijing's Tiananmen Square captthred the attention of the world and sparked a season of historic political change throughout the communist world. Unlike their counterparts in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union however, the millions of Chinese intellectuals, students, and workers who took to the streets throughout China last spring in the name of political reform were prevented from continuing their struggle by a brutal government crackdown against the demonstrations on June 4th. 1 According to the government, "patriotic demonstrations" had become a "counter-revolutionary rebellion" which threatened the capacity of the Chinese state to govern. Today the demonstrators and the tanks have been removed from Tiananmen Square. Martial law has been lifted from Beijing and only non-uniformed security officers still lurk in the shadows of Beijing's streets and hutongs. Since the beginning of last summer the Chinese government has assured the world that daily life in China has returned to "normal." Indeed, one also has a sense that U.S. relations with the P.R.C. are also beginning to approximate normalcy. Western investment in China's ailing economy is growing again, many of the mild sanctions originally imposed by the Bush Administration against China have been relaxed, and high level members of the Bush Administration have traveled to China to meet secretly and in public with Chinese leaders. But despite appearances all is not normal, especially not for China's social scientists. The discipline of political science in China played a major role in facilitating and encouraging the momentous events which transpired last spring.2 Ironically, the development of political science was directly encouraged by the Communist Party to help address China's problems of political modernization and reform. Now, political science and other social science disciplines are condemned by the government for helping to instigate the so-called "counter-revolutionary rebellion." As a result, political science in China is under a new state of siege. Numerous social scientists have been arrested or put on "most wanted"
Development of an Inventory for Health-Care Office Staff to Self-Assess Their Patient-Centered Cultural Sensitivity.

Background:Patient-centered culturally sensitive health care (PC-CSHC) is a best practice approach for improving health-care delivery to culturally diverse populations and reducing health dispariti...
Charge symmetry breaking effect for 3H and 3He within s-wave approach

Three-nucleon systems are considered assuming the neutrons and protons to be distinguishable particles. The configuration space Faddeev equations are exploited to calculate ground state energies of 3H and 3He nuclei within an s-wave approach applying the Malfliet–Tjon, Tamagaki G3RS and Afnan–Tang ATS3 NN potentials. We modify the potentials by scaling strength parameters to define nn, pp and np singlet components. The scaling parameters are fixed to reproduce experimental scattering lengths. The charge symmetry breaking energy is numerically evaluated. The relation between nn, pp and np singlet potentials is discussed.
Motivational interviewing in paediatric residency.

SummaryBackground Motivational interviewing (MI) is a collaborative, evidence-based, person-centred counselling style for addressing ambivalence about behaviour change. Despite its proven effectiveness, there is little formal instruction of MI in paediatric training programmes. Methods Second-year paediatric residents participated in a 4–hour MI workshop, followed by a 1–hour small group review course and hands-on supervision during their Adolescent Medicine rotation. After the MI workshop, and again after their refresher course, we assessed residents' attitudes and skill with written and online surveys, as well as with a modified Helpful Responses Questionnaire (HRQ). Results Results revealed a statistically significant improvement in residents' confidence in eliciting health behaviour change [t-score(59) = 3.76, p = 0.008]. HRQ scores for all three clinical scenarios improved significantly following the workshop (p < 0.000). Residents most valued the interactive components of the workshop and review course, particularly the practice exercises, videos/video vignettes, feedback and coaching. Discussion A standardised MI curriculum for paediatric residency training improved residents' confidence in eliciting health behaviour change and use of empathic, reflective language. The curriculum is both feasible and widely accepted by residents, with opportunities for residents to practise MI under supervision during resident training. In conclusion, providing a 4–hour MI workshop for paediatric residents, with reinforcement through a review course and clinical opportunities to practise MI under supervision, improved confidence in eliciting health behaviour change and the use of MI-consistent language. This innovative and time-sensitive effort could serve as a future model for MI training for paediatric residents. There is little formal instruction of MI in paediatric training programmes
Surgical Construction of the Male External Genitalia

In male pseudohermaphrodites and true hermaphrodites, selection of the sex of rearing should be made according to the anatomy of the external genitalia, particularly the size of the phallus or the presence of a serviceable vagina, without regard to the type of gonad, the chromosomal pattern, or the structure of the internal genital tract.
“Don't Ask, Don't Tell” Policy in the United States

This entry details the history of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, the Clinton administration policy that did not allow gays and lesbians to serve openly, which was not overturned until the Obama administration. Keywords: armed conflict; homosexuality; LGBTQ; law; military
Reverberation Theory: Stress and Racism in Hierarchically Structured Communities

In the 21st century, historians of the social sciences and particularly psychology might look back and conclude that two research topics, stress and racism, received an exorbitant amount of attention in the 20th century. They might argue that this scientific interest reflected the fact that these two issues — stress and ethnic and racially based conflicts — were of central personal, social and political significance in this era. While researchers engage in specific, relatively isolated analyses of these issues, however, a person living in the 20th century will not experience these two problems in the neatly compartmentalized way that researchers treat them. Quite the contrary, on a personal as well as on a community level, stress and racism are uniquely intertwined. In this chapter we propose that it is time for social scientists to recognize the intimate intermingling among community stress, racial and ethnic conflict, and racism and to bring together these concepts in one theoretical framework.
Intranasal Oncolytic Virotherapy with CXCR4-Enhanced Stem Cells Extends Survival in Mouse Model of Glioma

The challenges to effective drug delivery to brain tumors are twofold: (1) there is a lack of non-invasive methods of local delivery and (2) the blood-brain barrier limits systemic delivery. Intranasal delivery of therapeutics to the brain overcomes both challenges. In mouse model of malignant glioma, we observed that a small fraction of intranasally delivered neural stem cells (NSCs) can migrate to the brain tumor site. Here, we demonstrate that hypoxic preconditioning or overexpression of CXCR4 significantly enhances the tumor-targeting ability of NSCs, but without altering their phenotype only in genetically modified NSCs. Modified NSCs deliver oncolytic virus to glioma more efficiently and extend survival of experimental animals in the context of radiotherapy. Our findings indicate that intranasal delivery of stem cell-based therapeutics could be optimized for future clinical applications, and allow for safe and repeated administration of biological therapies to brain tumors and other CNS disorders.
The Concavity Index A Novel Approach for Quantifying Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders facing the working world. Most LBP studies focus on exposure to physical risk factors in the workplace such as lifting, pushi...
Early Public Notification

In response to public pressure and in a desire to ensure that the public was adequately informed about potential projects, the National Energy Board (NEB) produced a Memorandum of Guidance with respect to its expectations regarding its Early Public Notification (EPN) program in 1990.Over time, issues such as Stress Corrosion Cracking, Risk Assessment, Pipeline Integrity and Landowner Compensation have all significantly impacted the way companies have adjusted their approaches to the delivery of EPN programs.In the future, the pipeline industry can expect that public consultation programs will increasingly become an essential component on both project specific and long range strategic communications planning. The purpose of this paper is to review the development and implementation of the EPN process and to propose future issues which may impact the planning and execution of consultation programs. The focus of this paper will be to:A. Profile the evolution and delivery of EPN programs and review the communications tools typically used with EPN programs;B. Examine the recent emergence of regional landowner interest groups and to review their effect on the regulatory process and issues such as pipeline integrity, pipeline safety and environmental stewardship;C. Review how the pipeline industry has responded to public, Board and government initiatives regarding intervenor funding, and;D. Provide insight into future EPN delivery systems as well as emerging trends with respect to public participation in the pipeline and resource sector.Copyright © 1998 by ASME
Preserving director primacy by managing shareholder interventions

This is a draft chapter for a forthcoming research handbook on shareholder power and activism. This chapter provides an analysis of shareholder activism based on the so-called director primacy model of corporate governance, which argues for a board-centric, rather than a shareholder-centric, understanding of corporate governance.Even though the primacy of the board of director primacy is deeply embedded in state corporate law, shareholder activism nevertheless has become an increasingly important feature of corporate governance in the United States. The financial crisis of 2008 and the ascendancy of the Democratic Party in Washington created an environment in which activists were able to considerably advance their agenda via the political process. At the same time, changes in managerial compensation, shareholder concentration, and board composition, outlook, and ideology, have also empowered activist shareholders.There are strong normative arguments for disempowering shareholders and, accordingly, for rolling back the gains shareholder activists have made. Whether that will prove possible in the long run or not, however, in the near term attention must be paid to the problem of managing shareholder interventions.This problem arises because not all shareholder interventions are created equally. Some are legitimately designed to improve corporate efficiency and performance, especially by holding poorly performing boards of directors and top management teams to account. But others are motivated by an activist’s belief that he or she has better ideas about how to run the company than the incumbents, which may be true sometimes but often seems dubious. Worse yet, some interventions are intended to advance an activist’s agenda that is not shared by other investors.This chapter proposes managing shareholder interventions through changes to the federal proxy rules designed to make it more difficult for activists to effect operational changes, while encouraging shareholder efforts to hold directors and managers accountable.
Investigation of multiphase multicomponent aerosol flow dictating pMDI-spacer interactions.

Abstract The use of Pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) for the treatment of asthma and other chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases is frequently associated with breath–actuation synchronization problems and poor pulmonary delivery, particularly amongst the pediatric and geriatric population groups. Spacers, or Valved Holding Chambers (VHCs), are frequently used to address these problems. However, the performance of spacers with different pMDIs is also highly variable and needs to be investigated. The purpose of the current study is to develop a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model which can characterize multiphase multicomponent aerosol flow issuing from a commercial suspension-based pMDI into a spacer. The CFD model was initially calibrated against published experimental measurements in order to appropriately model the spray characteristics. This model was subsequently used to examine several combinations of inhaler, spacer and USP Throat geometries under different discharge rates of coflow air. The CFD model predictions compared favorably with experimental measurements. In particular, the predictions show, in accordance with experimental determinations, a decrease of drug retained by the spacers with increasing coflow air. The recirculation observed near the obstructions in axial path of the spray within either spacer is considered to be central for increasing spray retention and drug deposition behavior. Fluid flow patterns within the spacers were correlated with drug deposition behavior through a dimensionless variable, the Recirculation index (RCI). Bigger particles were found to be selectively retained within the spacer.
SiGe FinFET for practical logic libraries by mitigating local layout effect

SiGe FinFET has been explored for its benefit of high current drivability provided by channel strain [1-5]. We have demonstrated SiGe CMOS FinFET at 10nm technology ground rules including epitaxial defectivity control, DC performance and reliability benefit [6-8]. One concern of SiGe FinFET is channel strain relaxation by fin cut process [9] inducing local layout effect (LLE), which is crucial for product design. In this paper, we thoroughly examined LLE in SiGe pFinFET and explored its mitigation techniques. Two techniques are proposed and demonstrated successful LLE mitigation, which drives forward SiGe FinFET insertion to technology.
Neurobiology of zinc and zinc-containing neurons.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses separate pools of CNS zinc, which are, vesicular zinc, free zinc, and protein-bound zinc. Vesicular zinc is the one which is sequestered in the presynaptic vesicles of a special class of neurons, the zinc-containing neurons, which are found primarily in limbic, cerebrocortical, and corticofugal systems. This vesicular zinc can be selectively stained by several histochemical procedures and is, therefore, accessible to histological and histoanalytical studies. The second pool, free zinc, is an entirely hypothetical pool of ionic Zn +2 in the cytosol or interstitial fluid that may or may not be present in normal, healthy brain tissue. The third pool of zinc is that which is bound firmly into the structure of the many zinc-containing enzymes in the brain. The enzymatic zinc is, therefore, a stable pool, involved only in the specific function of the zinc-containing enzymes. Zinc metalloenzymes are essential to the normal biology of brain cells, and any experimental treatment that is extreme enough to affect the metalloenzymes, such as prolonged zinc undernutrition or administration of chelators, can disrupt brain function through metalloenzymatic effects.
Wie kollektive Werte dem Unternehmen zu einer nachhaltigen Performance Culture verhelfen können

Companies are permanent searching how to gain sustainable competitive advantage or being unique. To gain competitive advantage it is essential to have a workforce who gets not only the job done but it is engaged and committed to create a culture of high performance. In the most cases companies immediately start to task HR to develop sophisticated and embarrassing performance management systems including a roll out plan, communication and other useless activities. But this doesn’t work any longer in a world where people look for orientation, values and culture. The purpose of this article is to determine the extent to which personal human values, defined as “kollektive Wertvorstellungen” are reflected into a performance culture.
Saccheri’s Three Hypotheses

The role played by Gerolamo Saccheri’s book Euclid Vindicated of all Flaw (1733) in the development of the history of the theory of parallels will be discussed in Section 24.3 after we have learned something of its contents. In this chapter the earlier propositions from this famous book on absolute geometry are examined. Saccheri’s Proposition I is our Theorem 21.10, which states that the upper base angles of a Saccheri quadrilateral are congruent. This leads to three hypotheses of which one, two, or all three might be true.
Conceptual and Numerical Flow Models of the Western Aquifer — Palestine / Israel

The flow model is created in 2 steps. First a conceptual model assesses stratigraphy, lithofacies and structure of the basin, the distribution, connections and parameters of aquifers and the cell size, boundaries and geometry of the model. In a second step, when the conceptual model is transformed into a numerical model setup, a steady state run is executed and calibrated for various parameters, most of all the aquifer properties, but also the recharge and water levels. This numerical model uses Geo-Modelling-Software (GMS) and serves as a basis of subsequent transient conditions models.
Ultra-short period Ga-free superlattice growth on GaSb

This work describes a thorough investigation of the structural properties of intended binary InAs/InSb strained layer superlattices (SLS) on GaSb substrates for infrared detection. The designed periods were as short as possible, with the InSb layers approaching one to two molecular monolayers. None of the examined growth conditions produced complete InSb layers. All samples showed a significant loss of Sb. The Sb that was incorporated was found to exhibit a spread in the growth direction, mainly due to step formation, and secondly due to forward diffusion. All structures, therefore became an InAs1-xSbx/InAs1-ySby SLS. The intended InAs layer had a Sb composition of x ∼ 0.003–0.010 and the intended InSb layer had composition y, ranging from ∼0.24–0.43. All terrace steps appeared to be in the same direction, resulting in a weak tilt of the SLS relative to the substrate normal. We discuss the implications for growth of high-Sb-concentration InAsSb/InAs structures.
An International Summit in Human Genetics and Genomics: Empowering clinical practice and research in developing countries.

To help fill the knowledge gap in human genetics and genomics, an International Summit (IS) in Human Genetics and Genomics was conceived and organized by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as a 5-year initiative, from 2016 to 2020. In its first 3 years, 71 professionals from 34 countries received training.
How artificial intelligence is changing nursing.

This article provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI), including how AI algorithms and robots are altering the nurse's role and the challenges facing the nursing profession as AI is integrated into healthcare delivery.
Conclusions: What Is Next for the Healthy Human-Microbe “Holobiome”?

Our gut microbiota is composed of an assortment of (semi)permanent intestinal inhabitants that co-exist with temporary microbes. Although it is hard to keep up with the fast advancing field of microbiome research, this book bid to provide, first, a look into key players of the gut microbiota found in food from breast milk to dairy, meats and vegetables, to a revision of methods to generate efficacious probiotics. Then, we approached the oral microbiota as the host-microbe ecosystem that selects which bacteria will progress into the gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the importance of oral health for the overall health of the host. Finally, the third part of the book focused on age and the gut microbiome, how the consumption of foods with high microbial loads may lead to temporary changes in microbial diversity, to end on what is commonly known now as “the diseases of the Western civilization” and the potential to modulate the gut microbiota for a more resilient microbial population. Hence, what do we know now that we did not know 10 years ago?
“Shakespeare for All Times and Peoples”: Shakespeare at Spelman College and the Atlanta University Center

In this paper I explore what it means to require Shakespeare at a historically black college by looking at Adrienne Herndon's 1906 essay “Shakespeare at Atlanta University” and W. E. B. Du Bois's Souls of Black Folk. Despite the frequent association of Shakespeare requirements with a conservative agenda, both Herndon and Du Bois imagine possibilities for powerful politics in the performance and study of Shakespeare. Reading these two texts together suggests that teaching, studying, and performing Shakespeare might still be powerful politics at black institutions.
Scaling Deep Learning-Based Analysis of High-Resolution Satellite Imagery with Distributed Processing

High-resolution satellite imagery is a rich source of data applicable to a variety of domains, ranging from demo-graphics and land use to agriculture and hazard assessment. We have developed an end-to-end analysis pipeline that uses deep learning and unsupervised learning to process high-resolution satellite imagery and have applied it to various applications in previous work. As high-resolution satellite imagery is large-volume data, scalability is important to be able to analyze data from large geographical areas. To add scalability to our process, we converted our original pipeline, implemented using the Caffe deep learning library and the Python machine learning library Scikit-Learn, to other platforms that make use of distributed computation. Specifically, to add scalability, we use Keras for deep learning, and evaluate two different distributed platforms, Spark and Dask, for unsupervised learning. We report on results in scaling up our satellite analysis pipeline.
Chipyard: Integrated Design, Simulation, and Implementation Framework for Custom SoCs

Continued improvement in computing efficiency requires functional specialization of hardware designs. Agile hardware design methodologies have been proposed to alleviate the increased design costs of custom silicon architectures, but their practice thus far has been accompanied with challenges in integration and validation of complex systems-on-a-chip (SoCs). We present the Chipyard framework, an integrated SoC design, simulation, and implementation environment for specialized compute systems. Chipyard includes configurable, composable, open-source, generator-based IP blocks that can be used across multiple stages of the hardware development flow while maintaining design intent and integration consistency. Through cloud-hosted FPGA accelerated simulation and rapid ASIC implementation, Chipyard enables continuous validation of physically realizable customized systems.
Oncology Nurse Informaticists: An Evolving Role to Support Nursing Practice

Nursing informatics is an evolving field in the burgeoning context of technologic and digital advances in health care. Nurse informaticists are integral in translating these advances into evidence-based clinical practice to improve the quality and safety of patient care and professional practice. This article describes the role and operationalization of nurse informaticists in the oncology setting. A case study is presented to exemplify how nurse informaticists can lead interprofessional teams in evaluating opportunities for process or quality improvement and implementing and evaluating digital solutions to improve oncology care.
H$\alpha$-Derived Star-Formation Rates for the z=0.84 Galaxy Cluster CLJ0023+0423B

We present H$\alpha$-derived star-formation rates (SFRs) for the galaxy cluster CL J0023+0423B at $z = 0.845$. Our $3\sigma$ flux limits corresponds to a star-formation rate of 0.24 \smy, and our minimum reliable H$\alpha$ + [N II] equivalent width is $> 10$ \AA, demonstrating that near-infrared narrow-band imaging can sample the star-forming galaxy population in distant clusters. Comparison with spectroscopy shows that the number of false detections is low ($9 \pm 6$%) and that our H$\alpha$ equivalent widths are correlated with spectroscopically determined [O II] equivalent widths. A magnitude-limited spectroscopic survey conducted over the same area missed 70% of the star-forming galaxies and 65% of the integrated star formation. Using Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 Archive images, we fit Sersic profiles to all galaxies with significant narrow-band equivalent widths and find that equivalent width decreases as the steepness of galaxy profile increases. We find no significant population of early type galaxies with ongoing star formation. The integrated SFR per cluster mass of CL J0023+0423B is a factor of ten higher than that of the three $z \sim 0.2$ clusters in the literature with available H$\alpha$ observations. A larger sample of $z \sim 0.8$ clusters spanning a range of cluster masses is needed to determine whether this variation is due to a difference in cluster mass or redshift.
Living Praxes and Principles in PAR EntreMundos

In this chapter, we share a vision of PAR (participatory action research) that provides a framework for not only collectively constructing knowledge but also for determining what counts as knowledge for social justice, ways to reconcile competing theoretical positions and approaches to teaching what we know. This framework, PAR EntreMundos, translates to PAR in-between worlds, one that exists in liminal spaces, the border region where incongruous ideas meet to generate uncertainty yet multiple possibilities of purpose. We organize this chapter according to two anchors, praxes and principles. We integrate four foundational praxes (southern tradition, critical race theory, feminist theory, and indigenous wisdom), guided by a set of principles. Each anchor will be illustrated using a case example. For instance, the anchor in praxes explores subject/object reckoning with intersectionality by focusing on a Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) project within an Ethnic Studies program in Arizona. The second anchor in principles explores enactment of spirit within/despite western frames. The case example looks at a Grow Your Own (GRO) teacher education program located at Sacramento State University in California. The chapter concludes with a discussion of philosophical and practical “choques,” or collisions that happen when working between worlds.
Hydrophobic development and mechanical properties of cellulose substrates supercritically impregnated with food-grade waxes

Supercritical impregnation may be used to impart specific functional properties into porous substrates such as wood, textiles, or paper. In the current study, food-grade beeswax (BW), carnauba wax (CW) and vegetable wax (VW) were impregnated into paper substrates to improve their hydrophobicity and mechanical strength. The contact angle of impregnated and annealed samples was approximately 110–120° when annealed at 140 °C, and 130° when annealed at 160 °C. SEM analyses revealed that dual micro- and nano-scale roughness was generated in impregnated paper substrates that also underwent annealing. FTIR analysis showed evidence of H-bonding between the waxes and cellulose, but this was more dominant with BW/CW compared with VW due to the different chemical structures of the waxes. Annealed samples showed lower intensity FTIR peaks, tentatively confirming a phase transition of the waxes as a result of the annealing. A reduced tan delta signal up to the secondary alpha transition temperature for paper was observed with BW/CW impregnated samples, indicating the formation of additional chemical bonds between cellulose and wax. Compared with untreated paper substrates, the sharp decrease in storage modulus during degradation occurred at temperatures up to 10 °C higher for wax-impregnated papers, and up to 40 °C lower for baseline papers impregnated and annealed without wax. It is believed that the H-bonds between the waxes and cellulose were able to withstand higher temperatures in the degradation region, thus offsetting the effects of sample preparation.
Moving Target Defense Discrete Host Address Mutation and Analysis in SDN

Moving Target Defense is a technique focused on disrupting certain phases of a cyber-attack. Reconnaissance is the preliminary phase of the attack in the cyber kill chain. The static nature of the existing networks gives an adequate amount of time to the adversaries in gathering enough data concerning the target and succeed in mounting an attack. Randomization of the host addresses is well known MTD technique that hides the actual network configuration from external scanners. Although random host mutation techniques are investigated extensively, the limitations such as less availability of unused public address space for mutation and host unavailability due to mutation time interval deteriorate the network's stability. Due to address space unavailability, each host address's mutation is not feasible according to the time interval, or the address space is repeated multiple times. When the host establishes a session of transmitting or receiving data, due to mutation interval, the session is interrupted, leading to the host's unavailability. In this paper, we propose a moving target defense technique to achieve the following objectives: (1) using mutation technique, randomization of IP addresses is achieved to create high uncertainty in adversary scanning; (2) the mutation time interval is separated from each host to preserve network performance and stability; (3) the mutation scheme is adapted by analyzing the data stats from the individual host (4) the analyzed data stats are used to manage the available unused address space.
Runx Transcription Factors in T Cells—What Is Beyond Thymic Development?

Runx proteins (also known as Runt-domain transcription factors) have been studied for a long time as key regulators of cellular differentiation. RUNX2 has been described as essential for osteogenesis, whereas RUNX1 and RUNX3 are known to control blood cell development during different stages of cell lineage specification. However, recent studies show evidence of complex relationships between RUNX proteins, chromatin-modifying machinery, the cytoskeleton and different transcription factors in various non-embryonic contexts, including mature T cell homeostasis, inflammation and cancer. In this review, we discuss the diversity of Runx functions in mature T helper cells, such as production of cytokines and chemokines by different CD4 T cell populations; apoptosis; and immunologic memory acquisition. We then briefly cover recent findings about the contribution of RUNX1, RUNX2 and RUNX3 to various immunologic diseases. Finally, we discuss areas that require further study to better understand the role that Runx proteins play in inflammation and immunity.
Training sequence effects on emergent conditional discriminations: Replication and extension to selection-based training

We examined the replicability and generality of a previously reported training sequence effect on emergent conditional discriminations in the intraverbal naming task. In Experiment 1, a tact-intraverbal (TI) group learned first to vocally label 6 visual patterns and then to intraverbally relate pairs of verbal labels, whereas an intraverbal-tact (IT) group received the same training in the opposite sequence. Emergent conditional discriminations among pattern stimuli were assessed in match-to-sample (MTS) format. Experiment 2 was identical, except vocal tact and intraverbal training were replaced with selection-based training in which the verbal labels were text stimuli. Compared to the IT sequence, the TI sequence resulted in greater mean accuracy at test (Experiment 1), higher yields (Experiment 2), and shorter reaction times (Experiment 2). Experiment 2 data suggested the TI group's performance might be less dependent on intact intraverbal relations relative to the IT group, but related to participants' reports of visualization during intraverbal training. The results suggest the sequence effect is replicable and occurs in experimental preparations commonly used to study derived stimulus relations. They also provide novel support for the hypothesis that participant behavior during training alters sources of stimulus control available at test.
Endoscopic Management and Surgical Considerations for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is the development of many adenomatous colorectal polyps. Colonoscopy is recommended to start at age 10 to 12 years at intervals of 1 to 2 years. Colectomy is clearly indicated for malignancy or significant colorectal symptoms. After colectomy, endoscopic surveillance is still critical. Duodenal and gastric polyposis is also found in almost all patients with FAP. Screening with upper endoscopy and ampullary visualization is recommended, generally determined by age and staging of duodenal polyposis, but guidelines are increasingly factoring in ampullary and gastric manifestations. Surgical management of malignancy or advanced upper tract manifestations is needed.
Hypoalgesia following isometric handgrip exercise with and without blood flow restriction is not mediated by discomfort nor changes in systolic blood pressure.

The purpose was to examine the effect of isometric handgrip exercise with and without blood flow restriction on exercise-induced hypoalgesia at a local and non-local site, and its underlying mechanisms. Sixty participants (21 males & 39 females, 18-35 years old) completed 3 trials: four sets of 2-minute isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of maximum handgrip strength; isometric handgrip exercise with blood flow restriction at 50% of arterial occlusion pressure; and a non-exercise time-matched control. Pain thresholds increased similarly in both exercise conditions at a local (exercise conditions: ~0.45 kg/cm2, control: ~-0.04 kg/cm2) and non-local site (exercise conditions: ~0.37 kg/cm2, control: ~-0.16 kg/cm2). Blood flow restriction induced greater feelings of discomfort compared to exercise alone [median difference (95% credible interval) of 4.5 (0.5, 8.6) arbitrary units]. Blood pressure increased immediately after exercise (systolic: 10.3 mmHg, diastolic: 7.7 mmHg) and decreased in recovery. There was no within participant correlation between changes in discomfort and pressure pain threshold. A bout of isometric handgrip exercise with or without blood flow restriction can provide exercise-induced hypoalgesia at a local and non-local site. However, discomfort and changes in systolic blood pressure do not explain this response.
Hypertrophic burn scar evolution and management : review

Burn injury outcome has improved significantly in recent years in relation to survival and patient rehabilitation. However, scarring and its accompanying aesthetic and functional sequelae still remain a major problem. The burn injury is characterized by unique differences in the nature of tissue trauma, the pathophysiologic response to that trauma and the molecular events that impact on the evolution of scar formation in these injuries. Some nuances in the burn injury profile have direct influence on scar outcome but have not been concentrated on in the past when designing treatment regimens for scar control. These include the exposed nerve endings, stimulation of neuropeptide mediators, neurogenic inflammation, pruritis, mechanotension signaling and hydration. A composite device for scar control in burn injuries should involve a multimodal approach that incorporates strategies for control of these contributing factors. A protective, hydrative, tension relieving device is predominant among the requirements, with substance impregnation being a secondary possibility in future renditions.
Three-Parameter Lognormal Distribution

The three-parameter lognormal (TPLN)distribution is frequently used in hydrologic analysis of extreme floods, seasonal flow volumes, duration curves for daily streamflow, rainfall intensity-duration, soil water retention, etc. It is also popular in synthetic streamflow generation. Properties of this distribution are discussed by Aitchison and Brown (1957), and Johnson and Kotz (1970). Its applications are discussed by Slade (1936), Chow (1954), Matalas (1967), Sangal and Biswas (1970), Fiering and Jackson (1971), Snyder and Wallace (1974), Burges et al. (1975), Burges and hoshi (1978), Charbeneau (1978), Stedinger (1980), Singh and Singh (1987), Kosugi (1994), among others. Burges et al. (1975) discussed properties of the three-parameter lognormal distribution and compared two methods of estimation of the third parameter “a”. Kosugi (1994) applied the three-parameter lognormal distribution to the pore radius distribution function and to the water capacity function which was taken to be the pore capillary distribution function. He found that three parameters were closely related to the statistics of the pore capillary pressure distribution function, including the bubbling pressure, the mode of capillary pressure, and the standard deviation of transformed capillary distribution function. Burges and Hoshi (1978) proposed approximating the normal populations with 3-parameter lognormal distributions to facilitate multivariate hydrologic disaggregation or generation schemes in cases where mixed normal and lognormal populations existed.
Comment on: “Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution”

Abstract The methodology proposed in Flood and Rose [2005. Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: a systematic exploration of idiosyncratic risk. Journal of Monetary Economics 52 (5) 951–969] fails to distinguish between the single unique marginal rate of substitution (MRS) process and the class of valid pricing kernels, of which the MRS is but a particular member. Thus, at best, this methodology explores the properties of some arbitrary pricing kernel, which may differ radically from the true MRS. Furthermore, the estimates of the expected MRS proposed by Flood and Rose [2005. Estimating the expected marginal rate of substitution: a systematic exploration of idiosyncratic risk. Journal of Monetary Economics 52 (5) 951–969] are highly correlated with ex post shocks, implying that these estimates are not conditional expectations at all. The cure for this misspecification introduces additional econometric problems, suggesting that the model may, in practice, be poorly identified.
Laser Safety In Manufacturing

Laser technology is recognized as an important new innovation of the Space Age. A Laser Hazard Classification Guide published by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health in July 1976, lists nearly 2,500 different models of lasers. SPIE has published proceedings available on Low Power Lasers, High Power Laser Technology, and Ultra High Power Lasers.