cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On Remembering Le premier festival culturel panafricain d’Alger 1969 : An Assembled Interview

This assembled interview centers both Elaine Mokhtefi and Le premier festival culturel panafricain d’Alger 1969 (PANAF), a festival which she organized and attended as a part of the Algerian Ministry of Information, noting it as an exemplary instance of the power of performance at the nexus of political ideology, activist history, and the subsequent nostalgia for that era of liberation. It is equally an attempt to overcome a distant relationship to each, reflecting on the potential of oral histories to open up new pathways through the past. This history—of entangled international relations negotiated under the guise of a festive performance, a complicated trajectory of global politics which culminated in a remarkable event of celebration and solidarity—remains understudied, a footnote to more "political" concerns of Third World agendas, decolonial reorderings, and capitalist critiques. Yet through Mokhtefi's testimony, interwoven with searching tendrils of archival detail, we can see that this festival was not a superficial exaltation in extravagance, but a pivotal moment in foreign affairs. More importantly, through her personal history, we can trace the central role that women played in these politics, if often unacknowledged. Edited in 2020, it also counters the pejorative label of non-essential labor applied to most cultural activities during the contemporary pandemic response to COVID-19.
Evaluation of Measured Differences in Liquid versus Gas Permeability and Identification of Potential Causes

Clay and fines migration within sandstone core plugs was investigated to refine permeability estimates for the CO2 EOR project being conducted at the Bell Creek Oil Field. Laboratory tests include porosity, air permeability, brine permeability, and x-ray diffraction and were conducted on reservoir samples at 17.2 MPa and 40.5°C. Results show a decrease in brine permeability when compared to the klinkenberg calculated air permeability. Clay and fines migration has been ruled out through post-brine air permeability testing. Through this study, modifications to the currently used air to brine correction factors have been proposed and used to refine reservoir simulations.
Effectiveness Of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Against Penile Hpv Infection In Men Who Have Sex With Men And Transgender Women.

BACKGROUND In the United States, HPV vaccination has been recommended since 2011 for males aged 11-12 years, with catch-up vaccination recommended through age 26 years for previously unvaccinated men who have sex with men (MSM). METHODS During 2016-2018, a cross-sectional study enrolled MSM and transgender women aged 18-26 years in Seattle, Washington. Participants submitted self-collected penile swab specimens for HPV genotyping. HPV vaccination history was self-reported. We compared HPV prevalence among vaccinated participants versus participants with no/unknown vaccination history using log-binomial regression to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Among 687 participants, 348 (50.7%) self-reported ever receiving ≥1 HPV vaccine dose; median age at first HPV vaccination was 21 years and median age at first sex was 17 years. Overall, prevalence of penile quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV)-type HPV was similar in vaccinated participants (12.1%) and participants with no/unknown vaccination (15.6%) (aPR=0.69, 95%CI:0.47-1.01). However, prevalence was significantly lower in participants vaccinated at age ≤18 years than in participants with no/unknown vaccination (aPR=0.15, 95%CI:0.04-0.62), corresponding to a vaccine effectiveness of 85% against 4vHPV-type HPV. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest HPV vaccination is effective in preventing penile HPV infections in young MSM when administered at age ≤18 years.
Repeat Revascularization over 10 Years Following Carotid Endarterectomy or Carotid Stent Placement: An Analysis of Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial.

Objective To identify rates of and factors associated with repeat revascularization in a large cohort of patients prospectively followed over 10 years in Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial. Methods We compared the effect of carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) versus carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on risk of repeat revascularization after adjusting for age, sex, symptomatic status, and initial severity of stenosis (≥70% vs. Results Repeat revascularization was performed in 90 (3.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1%–4.8%) of 2318 patients; 6 (6.7%, 95% CI 2.5%–14.0%) patients experienced the composite end point of any stroke, myocardial infarction, or death within 30 days after repeat revascularization. There was no difference in risk of repeat revascularization in patients who underwent CAS (compared with CEA) as the index procedure (hazard ratio 0.92, 95% CI 0.69–1.23, P = 0.5765). Patient’s age (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% CI 1.01–1.02, P Conclusions A low rate of repeat revascularization was seen without any significant difference among patients who underwent CEA or CAS over 10 years. The 6.7% rate of composite end point within 30 days after procedure highlights the need for standardizing the indications for repeat revascularization.
DYNAMO - DirectorY, Net Archiver and MOver

The Grid communities efforts on managing and transporting data have focused on very large data sets consisting of very large elements. We are interested in leveraging the benefits of solutions such GridFTP, in particular with respect to parallel data transfer and restartability (as well as security, third party control, etc.), for moving large data sets consisting of very large numbers of small objects, e.g., moving a file system subtree. In addition, we require a solution that 1) imposes constant memory overhead on the client and server systems, 2) is independent of the actual transfer mechanism used so we can easily take advantage of advances in technologies for transferring large files, 3) works well even for very large collections of very small files and 4) is a complete solution, i.e., reproduces the directory tree at the server. In this paper, we present DYNAMO which is our tool built on GridFTP for transferring directory subtrees. In addition to describing the architecture and implementation of DYNAMO, we present performance results on a range of networks showing that we have met our goals.
Impacts of Asynchronous Learning Networks on Individual and Group Problem Solving: A Field Experiment

An Asynchronous Learning Network (ALN) is a Computer-Mediated Communication System designed to support "anytime/anywhere" interaction among students and between students and instructors. A field experiment compared groups and individuals solving an ethical case scenario, with and without an ALN, to determine the separate and joint effects of communication medium and teamwork. Dependent variables include quality and length of the reports, and subjective perceptions of learning and satisfaction. The results indicate that that an ALN enhances the quantity and quality of the solutions to an ethical case scenario. The combination of teamwork with ALN-support increases the students' perception of learning. Although the perception of collaborative learning was similar between ALN-supported and unsupported groups, participants in computer-mediated groups reported lower perceptions of discussion quality than participants in manual groups.
Biosynthesis of the Peptidoglycan of Bacterial Cell Walls V. SEPARATION OF PROTEIN AND LIPID COMPONENTS OF THE PARTICULATE ENZYME FROM MICROCOCCUS LYSODEIKTICUS AND PURIFICATION OF THE ENDOGENOUS LIPID ACCEPTORS

Abstract The particulate enzyme preparation from cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus which catalyzes peptidoglycan synthesis contains both enzyme proteins and an essential phospholipid which acts as a carrier of sugar fragments during peptidoglycan synthesis. This enzyme preparation has been separated into its protein and lipid components by extraction with chloroform-methanol (1:1) at -17°. The enzyme protein and phospholipid have been reconstituted in the presence of deoxycholate at low concentrations. The endogenous phospholipid acceptors have been labeled with 32P and then separated from other 32P-phospholipids by thin layer chromatography in several solvents. Two 32-P-phospholipid fractions were separated, each of which could be converted to the 32P-phospholipid intermediate, disaccharide(-pentapeptide)-P-P-phospholipid, in the presence of uridine diphosphate acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide and UDP-acetylglucosamine.
Supporting updates in heterogeneous distributed database systems

The performance is studied of atomic updates across different database management systems (DBMSs). An optimistic concurrency-control algorithm is proposed that allows a subclass of global transactions to concurrently retrieve and update the multiple databases, while it places no restriction on the concurrency-control mechanisms used by each of the local DBMSs, thus maintaining local autonomy. >
Aicardi syndrome with Pierre Robin sequence.

i f f p E p v s I x c F M U s icardi syndrome was first described in 1965 by a rench neurologist as a tetrad of infantile spasms, genesis of the corpus callosum, chorioretinal lacunae, nd mental retardation. This syndrome is believed to e caused by an X-linked dominant gene that is lethal n hemizygous males. Other associated anomalies, ncluding ectopic cerebral gray matter and vertebral nomalies, have been described in patients with icardi syndrome. Cleft lip and palate have also been eported. However, there have been no previous reorts of Robin sequence (cleft palate without cleft lip, icrognathia, and glossoptosis) in association with icardi syndrome. We present a patient with this nique association.
Comparison of the toxicity of several polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran in embryos of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

Abstract Nine polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) were tested in the Japanese medaka embryo bioassay. Individual embryos were exposed to varying nominal concentrations of a PCDD or 2,3,7,8-TCDF under static conditions. The LC50 with 95% confidence intervals for survival to 3 days post-hatch were as follows: 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 13 (10–17) nanograms (ng)/liter (L) (parts per trillion); 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 16 (12–22) ng/L; 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 27 (23–31) ng/L and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HCDD, 2900 (718–11717) ng/L. Both 1,2,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7-TriCDD caused a concentration dependent increase in visible lesions from 50 to 50000 ng/L. In the 1,2,7,8-TCDD exposed embryos, lethality was observed only at the highest concentration tested (50000 ng/L). For 2,3,7-TriCDD, there was no concentration related increase in lethality from 50 to 50000 ng/L. At 50000 ng/L, 1,3,6,8-TCDD, 2,8-DCDD and 2,3-DCDD did not cause any visible toxicity. The octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin congener did not cause any visible toxicity at 10000 ng/L. The toxic PCDDs and 2,3,7,8-TCDF caused the same sequela of lesions in the developing Japanese medaka, suggesting that they may act through a common mechanism. These results demonstrate that 2,3,7,8-TCDF and PCDDs with the four lateral positions chlorine substituted and at least one other position non-substituted are toxic to the Japanese medaka embryo. The structure activity relationship observed here is similar to that observed in guinea pigs, mice and trout eleutheroembryos.
Steric Specificity in Synthesis of Heptuloses by Plants.

10. LUND, H. A., A. E. VATTER, AND J. B. HANSON. 1958. Biochemical and cytological changes accompanying growth and differentiation in the roots of Zea mays. J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol. 4: 8798. 11. MACKLER, B. AND D. E. GREEN. 1956. Studies on the electron transport system. II. On the opening phenomenon. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 21: 1-6. 12. MAcLENNAN, D. H., H. BEEVERS, AND J. L. HARLEY. 1963. 'Compartmentation' of Acids in Plant Tissues. Biochem. J. 89: 316-27. 13. NADAKAVUKAREN, M. J. 1963. Fine structure of microsclerotia of Verticillium albo-atrumn Reinke and Berth. Can. J. Microbiology 9: 411-13. 14. OOTA, Y., R. FUGII, AND Y. SUNOBE. 1956. Studies on the connexion between sucrose formation and respiration in germinating bean cotyledons. Physiol. Plantarum 9: 38-50. 15. SIMON, E. W. 1959. Respiration rate and mitochondrial oxidase activity in Arum spadix. J. Exptl. Botany 10: 125-33. 16. SIMON, E. W. AND J. A. CHAPMAN. 1961. The development of mitochondria in Arum spadix. J. Exptl. Botany 12: 414-20. 17. SISSAKIAN, N. M. 1958. Enzymology of the plastids. In: Advances in Enzymol. Interscience Publishers. 20: 201-36. 18. SMILLIE, R. M. 1955. Enzymic activity of particles isolated from various tissues of the pea plant. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 8: 186-95. 19. SMILLIE, R. M. 1956. Enzymic activities of subcellular particles from leaves. I. The occurrence of mitochondria in green leaves of the pea plant. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 9: 81-91. 20. SMILLIE, R. M. 1956. Enzymic activities of subcellular particles from leaves. III. Centrifugal fractionation and characterization of particles in homogenates of green leaves. Australian J. Biol. Sci. 9: 347-54. 21. SMILLIE, R. M. AND G. KROTKOV. 1959. RNA as an index of the metabolic activity of pea leaves. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 35: 550-51. 22. SMILLIE, R. M. 1962. Photosynthetic and respiratory activities of growing pea leaves. Plant Physiol. 37: 716-21. 23. WITHROW, R. B. AND A. P. WITHROW. 1948. Nutriculture. Purdue Univ. Agric. Expt. Sta. Bulletin S. C. 328.
Stabilization of tetragonal phase in ZrO2:Eu by rapid thermal heating

Abstract Europium-doped Zr(OH) 4 nanoparticles are heated via furnace and pyroprobe. As observed in X-ray diffraction and optical fluorescence spectroscopy, both heating techniques lead to mixed tetragonal and monoclinic crystalline ZrO 2 phases. Three hours of heating in the furnace leads to 45% tetragonal phase at 400 °C and only 14% at 700 °C. Rapid 10 s heating in the pyroprobe, however, leads up to 68% tetragonal phase for temperatures between 570 and 710 °C. Incomplete dehydroxylation of the precursor may lead to the stabilization of the tetragonal phase.
Blameworthiness and the Affective Account of Blame

One of the most influential accounts of blame—the affective account—takes its cue from P.F. Strawson’s discussion of the reactive attitudes. To blame someone, on this account, is to target her with resentment, indignation, or (in the case of self-blame) guilt. Given the connection between these emotions and the demand for regard that is arguably central to morality, the affective account is quite plausible. Recently, however, George Sher has argued that the affective account of blame, as understood both by Strawson himself and by contemporary Strawsonians, is inadequate because it cannot make sense of blameworthiness. In this paper I defend the affective account of blame against several of Sher’s arguments for this conclusion. In the process, I clarify the Strawsonian account of moral responsibility, and I discuss how the affective account of blame ought to be understood and articulated.
Development of internally-calibrated, direct-detection millimeter-wave radiometers for high-resolution remote sensing of wet-tropospheric path delay

Current satellite ocean altimeters include nadir-viewing, co-located 18–34 GHz microwave radiometers to measure wet-tropospheric path delay. Due to the large antenna footprint sizes at these frequencies, the accuracy of wet path retrievals is substantially degraded within 40 km of coastlines, and retrievals are not provided over land. A viable approach to improve their capability is to add wide-band millimeter-wave window channels in the 90–180 GHz band, thereby achieving finer spatial resolution for a fixed antenna size. In this context, the upcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission is in formulation and planned for launch in late 2020 to improve satellite altimetry to meet the science needs of both oceanography and hydrology and to transition satellite altimetry from the open ocean into the coastal zone and over inland water. To address wet-path delay in these regions, the addition of 90–180 GHz millimeter-wave window-channel radiometers to current Jason-class 18–34 GHz radiometers is expected to improve retrievals of wet-tropospheric delay in coastal areas and to enhance the potential for over-land retrievals.
Thermal denaturation of cytochrome c peroxidase: pH dependence.

Abstract Upon heating cytochrome c peroxidase (ferrocytochrome c : hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.5) at pH 4 and 5, the enzyme precipitates at 41°C and 51°C, respectively. Incubating the enzyme at lower temperatures causes a slow dissociation of the heme from the protein. The heme precipitates, while the apoprotein remains soluble. Between pH 6 and 8, the native enzyme is converted to a low-spin ferric form upon heating. The Soret maximum shifts from 408 to 414 nm. The midpoint of this transition is pH-dependent, with a value of 46°C at pH 6 decreasing to 29°C at pH 8. At high temperatures the 414 nm form is converted to a species which has a ‘free heme’ spectrum with low absorptivity and Soret maximum at 390 nm. The midpoint temperature of this latter transition is 62°C and 57°C at pH 7 and 8, respectively.
Short- and long-term therapy of mild essential hypertension with timolol

The short and long-term antihypertensive action of timolol, a beta blocker, was assessed in 36 mild hypertensives in a 32-wk, double-blind, placebo-controlled study followed by an additional 96 wk of timolol in 17 responders. Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) declined during the first phase from 103 to 93 mm Hg and from 73 to 61 bpm (P < 0.01) but there was no change in systolic blood pressure (SBP). The initial hypotensive responses continued in 17 long-term timolol subjects (DBP 89 mm Hg at 32 wk and 88 mm Hg at 96 wk [NS] and HR 62 and 65 bpm [MS],). Although stimulated plasma renin activity in the entire group decreased from 1.08 to 0.28 nglmllhr (P < 0.001), blood pressure reduction did not correlate with this decline (r = 0.29) or with serum timolol level (r = 0.29). In 20 patients who underwent treadmill exercise evaluation, timolol limited exercise HR and duration and work capacity but peak SBP was not altered. Thus, timolol is effective in reducing mild high blood pressure during short-term therapy and in maintaining this effect over the long term in responsive subjects. It is therefore potentially useful in chronic essential hypertension. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 30, 765–772; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.236
How Does Web Site Interactivity Affect Our Perceptions of an Organization

This study investigates the effects of different levels of Web site interactivity on individuals' perceptions of an organization's reputation. The underlying theoretical mechanism for this relationship was explored by statistically investigating the mediating role of 3 variables—perceived customization, involvement, and liking—using bootstrapping analysis. Results indicate that the level of Web site interactivity positively influenced participants' perceptions of the organization's reputation, with liking and involvement fully mediating this relationship. These findings demonstrate the theoretical complexity of interactivity—it can at once attract users peripherally with likeable aesthetics and engage them centrally with features that involve them. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics investigation of the chemical reaction in Dpo4 reveals water-dependent pathways and requirements for active site reorganization

The nucleotidyl-transfer reaction coupled with the conformational transitions in DNA polymerases is critical for maintaining the fidelity and efficiency of DNA synthesis. We examine here the possible reaction pathways of a Y-family DNA polymerase, Sulfolobus solfataricus DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4), for the correct insertion of dCTP opposite 8-oxoguanine using the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, both from a chemistry-competent state and a crystal closed state. The latter examination is important for understanding pre-chemistry barriers to interpret the entire enzyme mechanism, since the crystal closed state is not an ideal state for initiating the chemical reaction. The most favorable reaction path involves initial deprotonation of O3′H via two bridging water molecules to O1A, overcoming an overall potential energy barrier of approximately 20.0 kcal/mol. The proton on O1A−Pα then migrates to the γ-phosphate oxygen of the incoming nucleotide as O3′ attacks Pα, and the Pα−O3A bond break...
Role of PPARγ in macrophage biology and atherosclerosis

Macrophages carry out key functions by defending a host from microbial invaders and by clearing endogenous cellular debris. Molecules that are essential for the recognition, phagocytosis and clearance of pathogens also mediate the uptake and degradation of pathogenic lipoproteins. During atherogenesis, for example, scavenging trapped lipoproteins leads to the formation of foam cells and subsequently the activation of these lipid-laden macrophages. Although they are initially clinically silent, these fatty streaks evolve into complex inflammatory plaques that cause significant morbidity and mortality. Thus, interventions that decrease foam cell formation and reduce the inflammatory response of macrophages could become effective therapies for coronary artery disease. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) might be developed as anti-atherogenic agents on the basis of their actions as ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ).
Metabolism and tolerance studies with chlordiazepoxide-2-14C in the rat

Abstract Male rats made tolerant to chlordiazepoxide exhibit increased rates of tissue disappearance and excretion of 14C-labeled chlordiazepoxide. A cross-tolerance is evident to hexobarbital, pentobarbital, and meprobamate, but not to phenobarbital. Stimulation by chlordiazepoxide of ascorbic acid excretion, and the ability of dl -ethionine to block the drug-induced stimulation of liver weight, liver protein content, and hepatic N-demethylase activity, suggest that the mechanism of tolerance development involves stimulation of hepatic microsomal enzymes responsible for drug metabolism.
Total Synthesis of Mycalamide A and 7-epi-Mycalamide A

The final stages of a total synthesis of mycalamide A are described. A key step is the aldol reaction (mismatched) of imide 4 and aldehyde 5 which provided a ca. 5:4 mixture of aldols 10a and 10b, with incorrect C(7) stereochemistry. Elaboration of the 10a−10b mixture to mycalamide A required epimerization of C(7) at the stage of β-keto imide 11. Alternatively, Swern oxidation of the 10a−10b mixture under conditions that minimize C(7) epimerization led to 7-epi-mycalamide A selectively.
Betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase from rat liver: purification and inhibition by a boronic acid substrate analog.

Abstract Betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) from rat liver has been highly purified by an efficient procedure requiring only two chromatographic steps: Sephadex G-100 chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography chromatofocusing. A 170-fold purification and 7.5% overall yield were achieved. Chromatofocusing yielded three active forms of BHMT with p I values near 8.0, 7.6, and 7.0. The subunit molecular weight of each active form is 45,000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the native enzyme has a molecular weight of 270,000 as determined by exclusion chromatography. The stability of the purified enzyme was found to be potentiated by the presence of 1 m m dimethylglycine and 1 m m homocysteine. Boronate analogs of betaine (pinanyl N,N,N -trimethylaminomethaneboronate) (4) and dimethylglycine (pinanyl N,N -dimethylaminomethaneboronate) were synthesized from pinanyl iodomethaneboronate (3) and trimethylamine or dimethylamine, respectively. The free acid of the betaine analog (5) was reversibly generated from (4). The inhibition of BHMT by (5) appears competitive with a k i = 45 μM. Since the k m for betaine measured with the purified enzyme is near 0.1 m m , the boronic acid analog of betaine appears to function effectively as a substrate analog inhibitor of BHMT. The analog does not appear to act as a methyl donor to homocysteine when (5) is substituted for betaine in the enzyme reaction. In addition, an enzyme assay based upon C 3 -cyano reverse phase HPLC detection of the o -phthalaldeyde derivative of methionine was developed as an alternative to the standard radiochemical assay. Betaine: homocysteine methyltransferase in the picomole range can be quantitated using this assay as indicated by a linear response of enzyme activity to protein concentration.
Role of high-molecular-weight kininogen in surface-binding and activation of coagulation factor XI and prekallikrein

In the contact phase of activation of the kinin-forming, intrinsic clotting, and fibrinolytic systems, high-molecular-weight kininogen acts as a cofactor for the activation of Factor XI, prekallikrein, and Hageman factor. One mechanism by which high-molecular-weight kininogen acts as a cofactor has been studied by using 125I-labeled Factor XI and prekallikrein in kaolin-activated normal human plasma and plasmas deficient in high-molecular-weight kininogen and Hageman factor. High-molecular-weight kininogen was found to be essential for normal binding and cleavage of both Factor XI and prekallikrein on the kaolin surface. Hageman factor was essential for cleavage but not for binding of Factor XI and prekallikrein to kaolin. In normal plasma 80% of the activated Factor XI remained surface-bound, whereas 80% of the kallikrein was not surface-bound. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the initial phase of contact activation, high-molecular-weight kininogen links both Factor XI and prekallikrein to the exposed surface where they are activated by surface-bound activated Hageman factor. Once activated, the Factor XI molecules remain localized at the site of activation, in contrast to the kallikrein molecules which are found largely in the surrounding plasma.
Identifying correlates of young adults' weight behavior: Survey development

OBJECTIVE To describe the development and psychometric properties of survey measures relevant to eating, physical activity, and weight-related behaviors among young adults. METHODS Focus groups and reliability testing guided the development of the Project EAT-III survey. The final survey was completed by 2287 young adults. RESULTS The systematic process employed led to a psychometrically sound and developmentally appropriate survey. Test-retest reliabilities for items included on the final survey were mostly moderate to good, and Cronbach alphas were >0.7 for 83% of developed scales. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may find the systematic process used to be helpful in creating other weight-related surveys.
A first best toll pricing framework for variable demand traffic assignment problems

In this paper, we present a toll pricing framework for a general variable demand traffic assignment problem with side constraints, where the demand between an origin destination pair is a function of the least total travel cost for making the trip. This general demand model unifies earlier toll pricing treatments of the variable demand models including elastic demand traffic assignment problems and combined distribution assignment problems. All of these models have the constant toll revenue property. Given that users experience the side constraints, we show that when they are charged by a toll vector in the first best toll set, the system optimal flows and demands are achieved. We then present a toll pricing framework by which a traffic planner might find the most appropriate toll vector given certain restrictions and objectives on the network. Finally, we derive the toll sets and illustrate the toll pricing framework for specific instances of the general variable demand models.
Ventricular septal defect and bivalvular endocarditis

A 63-year-old man presented with generalized fatigue, chills, malaise, dyspnea, intermittent fevers, and 50-pound weight loss of 4 months' duration. Blood cultures were positive for pan-sensitive Streptococcus anginosus. Transesophageal echocardiography showed an 11 mm × 3 mm mobile mass attached to the mitral valve, a 16 mm × 16 mm mobile mass attached to the pulmonary valve, and a small membranous ventricular septal defect. The patient received 12 weeks of intravenous (IV) antibiotics with eventual resolution of the masses. Multi-valve endocarditis involving both the left and right chambers is rarely reported without prior history of IV drug use or infective endocarditis. Our case emphasizes the importance of careful assessment for ventricular septal defects or extra-cardiac shunts in individuals who present with simultaneous right and left-sided endocarditis.
Evaluation of extenders and cryopreservatives for cooling and cryopreservation of spermatozoa from the western spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis)

Experiments were conducted to develop a suitable protocol for cryopreservation of spotted skunk semen. Semen was collected by electroejaculation of captive male skunks (n = 16) from late January through late November. In the first experiment, fresh semen was diluted in either TEST (n = 10), TRIS (n = 9), or BF5F (n = 7) extenders and maintained at 4°C for 16 hr. Sperm motility in these extenders was not significantly different before cooling (P = 0.71), but samples diluted with BF5F exhibited significantly lower sperm motility than the other extenders at all time points after cooling (P < 0.05). In the second experiment, fresh semen was diluted in TEST containing either 3, 5, or 10% DMSO or 3, 5, or 10% glycerol as a cryopreservative. These samples were cooled to 4°C and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws on dry ice. Some samples containing 5% DMSO or 5% glycerol (n = 4), were also frozen on dry ice as pellets. Frozen samples were maintained in liquid nitrogen. Fresh samples had significantly greater sperm motility in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) than in glycerol (P < 0.05), while frozen and thawed samples had the highest motility in 5 or 10% DMSO or 10% glycerol. Samples frozen in French straws had significantly greater sperm motility after freezing and thawing than those frozen by the pellet method (P < 0.05). Optimum cryoprotection was achieved with the TEST extender containing 5 or 10% DMSO, when used in conjunction with French straws. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Vegetation Cover on the Radar Sensitivity to Soil Moisture

Measurements of the backscattering coefficient ?°, made for bare and vegetation-covered fields, are used in conjunction with a simple backscattering model to evaluate the effects of vegetation cover on the estimation accuracy of soil moisture when derived from radar observations. The results indicate that for soil moisture values below 50 percent of field capacity, the backscatter contribution of the vegetation cover limits the radar's ability to predict soil moisture with an acceptable degree of accuracy. However, for moisture values in the range between 50 and 150 percent of field capacity, the measured ?° is dominated by the soil contribution and the effects of vegetation cover become secondary in importance. It is estimated that in this upper soil moisture range, which is the primary range of interest in hydrology and agriculture, a radar soil moisture prediction algorithm would predict soil moisture with an error of less than ±15 percent of field capacity in 90 percent of the cases.
A CMOS 5th Derivative Impulse Generator for an IR-UWB

A CMOS impulse generating system was designed and simulated to generate the 5th derivative of Gaussian pulse intended for use in an impulse-type ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) wireless communication system. By using the designed finite impulse response (FIR) impulse shaping filter, the system transforms an approximate Gaussian pulse signal obtained from an existing CMOS pulse generator [4] into its 5th derivative. The final output waveform closely matches the 5th derivative of Gaussian pulse, and also satisfies the spectral mask emission requirements specified by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The impulse shaping filter within the system is a 15-tap, 30-ps-delay (FIR) filter which can easily be implemented in CMOS by employing commonly used system blocks, such as delay circuits and amplifiers.
Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation in the Monsoon Region. Part II: Role of Temperature and Moisture Data

Abstract The problem of four-dimensional data assimilation in the tropics has been studied using a limited-area primitive equation model. Of prime concern is the relative importance of different update variables and their impact on data assimilation. Five new experiments complement a set of ten previously reported experiments that investigate the feasibility of four-dimensional data assimilation in the monsoon region using only the wind observations. In addition to assessing the relative importance of update variables, the present study investigates the role of model physics in data assimilation. The assimilation experiments are carried out for the onset vortex case of the 1979 Indian summer monsoon for which many special FOGE/MONEX datasets are available. The assimilation-forecast system for all of the experiments comprises a 12-h assimilation phase followed by a 24-h forecast period. In all experiments, updating is done via the Newtonian nudging approach which, in our previous study, was found to be mor...
Moving circular twist disclination loop in homogeneous and two-phase materials☆

Abstract The elastic fields of a circular twist disclination loop moving with a small uniform velocity in a plane parallel to the interface of a two-phase material are derived. The behavior of the loop is discussed on basis of the Lagrangian of the system and the forces acting on the loop.
Bypass aortobifemoral asistido laparoscópicamente con un sistema robótico daVinci: caso clínico

Describimos el primer ejemplo conocido de implantacion de un injerto aortobifemoral utilizando el sistema robotico completo daVinci Surgical System y un metodo exclusivo de implantacion del injerto con el dispositivo Endo-Vein Harvester.
Precursor Film Controlled Wetting of Pb on Cu

Wetting in a system where the kinetics of drop spreading are controlled by the rate of formation of a precursor film is modeled for the first time at the atomistic scale. Molecular dynamics simulations of Pb(l) wetting Cu(111) and Cu(100) show that a precursor film of atomic thickness evolves and spreads diffusively. This precursor film spreads significantly faster on Cu(111) than on Cu(100). For Cu(100), the kinetics of drop spreading are dramatically decreased by slow advancement of the precursor film. Slow precursor film kinetics on Cu(100) are partly due to the formation of a surface alloy at the solid-liquid interface which does not occur on Cu(111).
Interface Development in Cu-Based Structures Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) Bonded with Thin Al Foil Intermediate Layers

Proper bonding and assembly techniques are essential for fabrication of functional metal-based microdevices. Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding is a promising technique for making enclosed metallic microchannel devices. In this paper, we report results of TLP bonding of Cu-based structures at temperatures between 823 K and 883 K (550 °C and 610 °C) with thin elemental Al foils as intermediate boding layers. In situ X-ray diffraction was utilized to examine the structure of Cu/Al interface in real time, resulting in a proposed sequence of structural evolution of the Cu/Al/Cu TLP bonding interface region. Three different types of bonding interface structures, the “γ 1 structure,” the “eutectoid structure” (“E structure”), and the “E/γ 1/E structure,” were observed through electron microscopy, and related to the proposed sequence of interfacial structural evolution. Tensile fracture tests were conducted on TLP-bonded Cu/Al/Cu coupon assemblies. Hardness of the various phases within the bonding interface region was probed with instrumented nanoindentation. Results of mechanical testing were correlated to the structure of the bonding interface region. The present results provide an understanding of the structural evolution within the Cu/Al/Cu TLP bonding interface region, and offer guidance to future bonding of Cu-based microsystems.
Stokes Flow Through a Transversely Finned Channel

The efficient method of eigenfunction expansion and point match is used to solve the Stokes flow through a channel with transverse fins. Both in-phase and staggered fins are considered. Streamlines and resistances are found in terms of fin height and fin spacing. Extrapolating to large spacings, the added resistances due to a single pair of aligned fins and that of a single fin in a channel are obtained.
The Roles of Individual Domains of RNase R in Substrate Binding and Exoribonuclease Activity THE NUCLEASE DOMAIN IS SUFFICIENT FOR DIGESTION OF STRUCTURED RNA

RNase R and RNase II are the two representatives from the RNR family of processive, 3' to 5' exoribonucleases in Escherichia coli. Although RNase II is specific for single-stranded RNA, RNase R readily degrades through structured RNA. Furthermore, RNase R appears to be the only known 3' to 5' exoribonuclease that is able to degrade through double-stranded RNA without the aid of a helicase activity. Consequently, its functional domains and mechanism of action are of great interest. Using a series of truncated RNase R proteins we show that the cold-shock and S1 domains contribute to substrate binding. The cold-shock domains appear to play a role in substrate recruitment, whereas the S1 domain is most likely required to position substrates for efficient catalysis. Most importantly, the nuclease domain alone, devoid of the cold-shock and S1 domains, is sufficient for RNase R to bind and degrade structured RNAs. Moreover, this is a unique property of the nuclease domain of RNase R because this domain in RNase II stalls as it approaches a duplex. We also show that the nuclease domain of RNase R binds RNA more tightly than the nuclease domain of RNase II. This tighter binding may help to explain the difference in catalytic properties between RNase R and RNase II.
Characterization of 9 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Lamellibrachia sp. 2, a tubeworm found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Lamellibrachia sp. 2 is a deep-sea vestimentiferan tubeworm found at hydrothermal vents on the Mid-Cayman Spreading Center and at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico and off the coast of Barbados. Nine selectively neutral and unlinked polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed for this species. Eight of these loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Average observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.14 to 0.92. Microsatellites developed for Lamellibrachia sp. 2 are being deployed to study connectivity and gene flow among populations of this species.
Ultradian Luteinizing Hormone and Testosterone Rhythms in the Adult Male Monkey, Macaca fascicularis*

Using the RIA for measuring serum testosterone (T) levels and the mouse interstitial cell bioassay for measuring monkey LH, we studied the secretory dynamics of these hormones in the adult male monkey. Eight sexually mature monkeys of the species Macaca fascicularis were sedated and blood was sampled under various protocols over 24 h. All experiments were conducted between February and June. A pronounced diurnal rhythm in the serum concentration of T was revealed by measurements from individual means summed over 4-h morning and evening intervals (0700–1100 and 1900–2300 h) in eight animals. The mean evening T levels (12.2 ± 0.8 ng/ml) were significantly greater than the morning values (9.1 ± 0.8 ng/ml; P < 0.02). Measurements at 20-min intervals over the 4-h periods revealed discrete pulses of T and LH secretion occurring during the morning (0700–1100 h) and evening (1900–2300 h). Analysis of T pulse frequencies and amplitudes between morning and evening showed a significantly higher frequency of pulses o...
Impact of duration and dose of gonadotrophins on IVF outcomes.

In order to examine whether the duration of the follicular phase and changes in daily gonadotrophin dosages impact IVF outcome, a retrospective analysis of women who underwent oocyte retrieval and fresh embryo transfer was performed. Among the parameters assessed were the number of days of gonadotrophin stimulation, changes in the daily dosage of gonadotrophins, total ampoules of gonadotrophins, embryo implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates and ongoing pregnancy rates. The number of days of gonadotrophin stimulation, as determined by standard follicular size criteria did not appear to influence IVF outcomes. There was no significant difference in pregnancy rates between women who were stimulated for 12 days. When grouped by amount of starting daily dose of gonadotrophins there was a significant inverse relationship between gonadotrophin requirements and pregnancy rates (P=0.02). The data suggest that the success of an IVF cycle depends on the ovaries' ability to develop follicles of the appropriate size, not the speed at which the ovaries perform this function.
Creating a Novel Origin of Replication through Modulating DNA-Protein Interfaces

Background While the molecular mechanisms of DNA-protein specificity at the origin of replication have been determined in many model organisms, these interactions remain unknown in the majority of higher eukaryotes and numerous vertebrate viruses. Similar to many viral origins of replication, adeno-associated virus (AAV) utilizes a cis-acting origin of replication and a virus specific Replication protein (Rep) to faithfully carry out self-priming replication. The mechanisms of AAV DNA replication are generally well understood. However, the molecular basis of specificity between the Rep protein and the viral origin of replication between different AAV serotypes remains uncharacterized.
Ab Initio Study of the Mechanism of Photolytic Deazatization of 2,3-Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)oct-2-ene and 2,3-Diazabicyclo(2.2.1)hept-2-ene

Computed singlet ground-state and low-lying singlet and triplet excited-state potential energy surfaces of 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene (DBO) and 2,3-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene (DBH) are combined with experimental facts and reasonable models for how excess energy is partitioned among internal and solvent modes to propose mechanisms for the title reactions. In particular, we put forth a mechanism that is consistent with the fact that DBO produces bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane (BCH) and 1,5-hexadiene (HD) in very low quantum yield and in proportions dependent on the spin state of the excited species while DBH produces bicyclo[2.1.0]pentane with near unit efficiency from either singlet or triplet excitation. Our mechanism also rationalizes heavy atom effects on the product ratios in DBO and the stereospecificity and HD:BCH yield ratios seen in the products.
Solubility limits of LRE1+xBa2−xCu3O7+δ

Abstract Unlike YBa2Cu3O7+δ which forms only a stoichiometric compound, the light rare earth (LRE) elements form a solid solution of LRE1+xBa2−xCu3O7+δ (LRE123ss) with increasing substitution of the rare earth for Ba2+ as the ionic radii of the rare earth increases. The effects of oxygen partial pressure (Po2) on the solubility limits of LRE123ss (LRE=Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd) were studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and measurement of superconducting transition temperature (Tc). An understanding the Po2 and temperature dependence of the solubility limits will not only provide guidelines for obtaining high Tc in LRE123ss but also clarify the flux pinning mechanism in these systems.
High growth rate 4H-SiC epitaxial growth using dichlorosilane in a hot-wall CVD reactor

Abstract Thick, high quality 4H-SiC epilayers have been grown in a vertical hot-wall chemical vapor deposition system at a high growth rate on (0 0 0 1) 8° off-axis substrates. We discuss the use of dichlorosilane as the Si-precursor for 4H-SiC epitaxial growth as it provides the most direct decomposition route into SiCl 2 , which is the predominant growth species in chlorinated chemistries. A specular surface morphology was attained by limiting the hydrogen etch rate until the system was equilibrated at the desired growth temperature. The RMS roughness of the grown films ranged from 0.5–2.0 nm with very few morphological defects (carrots, triangular defects, etc.) being introduced, while enabling growth rates of 30–100 μm/h, 5–15 times higher than most conventional growths. Site-competition epitaxy was observed over a wide range of C/Si ratios, with doping concentrations 14 cm −3 being recorded. X-ray rocking curves indicated that the epilayers were of high crystallinity, with linewidths as narrow as 7.8 arcsec being observed, while microwave photoconductive decay (μPCD) measurements indicated that these films had high injection (ambipolar) carrier lifetimes in the range of 2 μs.
A Case for a National Urban Policy

Growth of the federal urban presence has not occurred as expected: National economic development programs have increased urban and regional economic rivalry; national redistributive programs usually have failed to check the political consequences of this constraint in local welfare politics. In effect, federal urban policy has govemmentalized the pressures in the urban economy that discourage local government activism in aiding the disadvantaged. A strategy is outlined for reforming national urban policy so that this dilemma can be resolved.
The production of congenital malformations using tissue antisera XI. Antisera to acellular visceral yolk sac

A method has been developed for obtaining cell-free visceral yolk-sac membrane using the chelating agent tetrasodium salt of ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined with mechanical disruption of cells. Rabbit antiserum to this acellular membrane preparation when injected ip into 8-day pregnant rats produced malformation, growth retardation, and fetal resorption. This yolk-sac membrane was partially solubilized with sodium deoxycholate. The resultant insoluble material was further partially solubilized by 1 M NaCl and fractionated by molecular sieve chromatography on BioGel A-5m to yield two fractions. The insoluble material after NaCl extraction was treated with purified collagenase to obtain a soluble and insoluble fraction. Rabbit antisera to all five soluble and insoluble fractions proved to be teratogenic in rat. Immunodiffusion studies indicated that there was at least one common antigen in all of these fractions; antisera to these fractions also crossreacted with soluble rat kidney. Fluorescent-labeled antibody localization studies revealed that the teratogenic antibodies localized in the maternal renal glomerular basement membrane and the yolk-sac placenta. The findings that (1) the hydroxyproline-free collagenase-treated residue was capable of stimulating the production of teratogenic antiserum and (2) rabbit antiserum against undenatured rat-tail collagen was not embryotoxic provide evidence to support the view that antibodies against collagen fibers are not teratogenic. The hypothesis that teratogenesis resulting from yolk-sac dysfunction induced by heterologous antibodies was discussed.