cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cross-ethnic differences in perception of emotion in schizophrenia.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to examine cross-ethnic differences in Perception of Emotion (POE) in schizophrenia. POE is an emerging construct in schizophrenia and involves the recognition and accurate identification of emotion in the facial and vocal expression of others. It has been implicated as relevant to instrumental functioning in schizophrenia, as well as a potential core deficit or marker for the disorder. Studies have shown the role of culture in shaping the expression and perception of emotion in non-clinical samples. It was hypothesized that ethnic minorities would have lower POE scores than Caucasians, and that the differences on POE would remain significant after controlling for neurocognition. Method Individuals, 131, diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder participated in the study. There were 59 Euro-American Caucasian, 56 were African-American, and 16 were Latino. Neurocognition was measured as a standardized sum of five neuropsychological measures. Perception of Emotion was measured with facial and voice recognition tasks. Results Both Latinos and African-Americans scored lower on POE than Caucasians. The cross-ethnic differences on POE remained significant after controlling for neurocognition and overall symptom level. Post hoc analyses showed some support for the predictive validity of the POE measure across cultural contexts. Conclusions These results suggest that POE in schizophrenia is influenced by ethnicity, and that the ethno-cultural mechanisms influencing POE transcend the shared variation of POE and neurocognition. These results have implications for theories of cross-cultural emotion recognition, measurement bias in POE research, and for the place of culture in the study of POE in schizophrenia.
STAINING FUNGAL GEL WITH MUCIN TECHNIQUES.

Certain discomycetes have a prominent gelatinous tissue. A similar gelatinous slime is produced by some imperfect fungi. Three mucin stains were found to be effective in staining the gel, either within the tissue or as conidial slime. The fungi are fixed with FAA (1:1:18) prepared with 50% ethyl alcohol, dehydrated and cleared in a gradual alcohol and xylene series, embedded in a paraffin-type wax, and sectioned. Mucicarmine with a fast green counterstain is an especially effective stain for gelatinous tissue. Mucicarmine is highly selective for the gel, leaving the hyphal walls and cytoplasm unstained. The mucicarmine staining solution consists of 9 parts of water and 1 part of a stock solution prepared by boiling together carmine dye, 1 gm; aluminum hydroxide, 1 gm; anhydrous aluminum chloride, 0.5 gm; and 50% alcohol, 100 ml for 2.5 min. The sections are stained for 2.5 hr and followed by the counterstain consisting of fast green, 0.1 gm; water, 10 ml; and absolute alcohol, 400 ml, added to the aqueous...
A characterization of the logarithmic series distribution and its application

This paper gives a characterization of the logarithmic series distribution with probability function . Our characterization follows that of Poisson and positive Poisson given by Bol'shev (1965) and Singh (1978), respectively, A statistic is suggested as a consequence of the characterization to test whether a random sample X1,X2..Xnfollows a logarithmic series probability law. The desirability of the test statistic over the usual goodness-of-fit test is discussed, A numerical example is considered for illustration.
Reducing blocking artifacts in JPEG with Mill's Cross technique

JPEG is one of the standard Internet compression formats. With high compression rates, JPEG produces image flaws known as blocking artifacts. One method for reducing these artifacts is the application of a technique similar to that of Mill's Cross.
Abstract Families of Context-Free Grammars

An abstract family of grammars (AFG) may be defined as a class of grammars for which the corresponding class of languages forms an abstract family of languages (AFL) as defined by Ginsburg and Greibach. The derivation bounded grammars of Ginsburg and Spanier is an example of an AFG which is properly included in the class of all context-free grammars (also AFG). The main result is that there exist two distinct infinite hierarchies of AFG which exhaust the derivation bounded AFG such that the AFL associated with the kth member of one of these AFG hierarchies is properly included in the AFL associated with the k-lst member of that same hierarchy. Each hierarchy is shown to be strongly incomparable to the other; that is, the first member of each generates some language not generated by a fixed but arbitrary member of the other. We designate these hierarchies as the hierarchies of left and right dominant grammars (languages)
Toward a comparative evaluation of human impacts on fishery ecosystems of enclosed and semi‐enclosed seas

Abstract Fisheries of enclosed and semi‐enclosed seas provide the first basis for evaluating human impacts on marine ecosystems. These have become of serious concern before similar changes are detectable in oceanic systems, thus emphasizing their value as laboratories for comparative study of man‐induced changes. The paper discusses the relevance of the cline, oligo‐meso‐eu‐dys‐trophic to stressed marine systems, and focuses on impacts on fisheries of enhanced nutrient runoff, noting common features with marine systems subject to natural enrichment, but also with well‐studied freshwater systems. It is suggested that under nutrient enrichment and heavy fishing, both “top down”; and “bottom up”; trophic mechanisms act in synchrony to change the trophic chain, leading initially to increased fishery productivity of formerly oligotrophic systems, followed by more drastic and negative changes as nutrient input passes beyond a state that may be called mesotrophic. Nutrient enrichment and overfishing have similar...
Author gender identification from text

Text is still the most prevalent Internet media type. Examples of this include popular social networking applications such as Twitter, Craigslist, Facebook, etc. Other web applications such as e-mail, blog, chat rooms, etc. are also mostly text based. A question we address in this paper that deals with text based Internet forensics is the following: given a short text document, can we identify if the author is a man or a woman? This question is motivated by recent events where people faked their gender on the Internet. Note that this is different from the authorship attribution problem. In this paper we investigate author gender identification for short length, multi-genre, content-free text, such as the ones found in many Internet applications. Fundamental questions we ask are: do men and women inherently use different classes of language styles? If this is true, what are good linguistic features that indicate gender? Based on research in human psychology, we propose 545 psycho-linguistic and gender-preferential cues along with stylometric features to build the feature space for this identification problem. Note that identifying the correct set of features that indicate gender is an open research problem. Three machine learning algorithms (support vector machine, Bayesian logistic regression and AdaBoost decision tree) are then designed for gender identification based on the proposed features. Extensive experiments on large text corpora (Reuters Corpus Volume 1 newsgroup data and Enron e-mail data) indicate an accuracy up to 85.1% in identifying the gender. Experiments also indicate that function words, word-based features and structural features are significant gender discriminators.
Toxicity of Aluminum Hydroxide Complexes in Neutral and Basic Media to Rainbow Trout

Abstract Toxic effects of aqueous aluminum complexes in neutral and basic media to rainbow trout fingerlings were investigated under constantly flowing, controlled conditions of concentration, pH, and temperature. Toxicities of various concentrations were highly pH dependent. Dissolved concentrations over 1.5 ppm aluminum caused drastic physiological and behavioral aberrations as well as acute mortality. Toxic effects of suspended aluminum, while they are more noticeable at lower concentrations, are not as concentration dependent as those of dissolved forms. The safe concentration of either dissolved or suspended aluminum is well below 0.5 ppm. Mortalities among test animals ceased almost immediately after aluminum exposures were concluded. Recovery times for fish exposed to the various tests were proportional to the severity of the test conditions and to the length of exposure. Normal growth resumed almost immediately in fish from the less severe tests, and after a period of a few weeks in fish from the ...
A Forensic Look at Groundwater Arsenic Contamination in Bangladesh

A comprehensive forensic analysis of AS contamination in Bangladesh was undertaken using geographic information system (GIS), univariate, and bivariate statistics. The assessment provided the background needed for fine-tuning emerging/evolving methods of spatial mapping based on nonlinear deterministic dynamics and multivariate factorial analyses. Data were derived from a nationwide AS survey completed in 1999 by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in collaboration with the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) of Bangladesh. It was found that the standard deviation of arsenic concentration is highest along the river flood plains of the major rivers. The distribution of arsenic concentration was found to be symmetric in regions of very high mean concentration, while the regions of low and moderate contamination reveal a highly skewed distribution, suggesting the need for data transformation at these points prior to spatial interpolation. The mean value of Ca and Mg concentrations showed a strong ...
Improving the Effectiveness of Compensatory Education Funding

Four ways of providing additional funds for low-income students are compared: (a) Separate programs for such students may have stigmatizing effects. (b) Districtwide discretionary funding may lead to programs that benefit middle- and higher-income students more than the intended low-income recipients. (c) Buildingwide funding for schools with many low-income students offers a way to avoid stigmatizing and/or diversionary effects of other funding paths. This method is recommended for large-scale trial. (d) Vouchers given exclusively to low-income families are a fourth possibility, as yet largely untried.
Domestic Violence: Caring for a Colleague

Domestic abuse is a devastating social, legal, and health care problem of enormous proportions. Routine and multiple screenings by skilled health care providers, when conducted face-to-face, markedly increase the identification of physical, psychological, and sexual abuse. Patients are not the only ones who can benefit from domestic violence screening and intervention. This article describes the subtle signs of domestic abuse that might be observed in a colleague, explains how to initiate a conversation with a colleague, and suggests appropriate ways to offer support.
Lateral-torsional buckling of cantilevered elastically coupled composite strip- and I-beams

Abstract The lateral–torsional buckling of composite strip- and I-beams is considered. The geometrically exact governing equations are simplified by consistently regarding certain configuration parameters as small. The assumption that these parameters are indeed small is equivalent to the assumption that the square of the maximum prebuckling cross-sectional rotation due to bending is small compared to unity. The analysis takes into account various refinements of previously published results, including the Vlasov effect, elastic coupling, the offset of the load from the centroid, and, of course, prebuckling deflections. The analysis is thereby reduced to a single fourth-order differential equation and boundary conditions, all of which are derivable from a corresponding energy expression. From the form of matched asymptotic expansions of the buckling mode when small parameters are ignored altogether, a single comparison function is found which gives the correct buckling load to within 1% for a wide range of the warping rigidity. Using this comparison function, a formula for the buckling load as a function of the small parameters of the problem is found and validated. With certain exceptions regarding the load offset parameter, the formula provides results which agree quite well with the numerical solution of the exact equations as long as all the small parameters remain small. However, the load offset parameter always appears in the governing equations as multiplied by a ratio of stiffnesses, which can become large, especially for composite I-beams. For this case, a special treatment is required.
Nonlinear stability of a liquid film adjacent to a supersonic stream

The nonlinear stability of a liquid film adjacent to a supersonic gas stream is investigated. The gas is assumed to exert a mean shear stress at the liquid/gas interface which in turn establishes a linear mean velocity profile in the liquid. The analysis takes into account the pressure perturbation exerted by the gas on the liquid assuming the disturbed gas motion to be inviscid and the mean gas velocity profile to be uniform. The problem is formulated within the long wave approximation, and solutions are obtained for finite amplitude waves by using the method of multiple scales. The results predict the existence of finite amplitude periodic waves, in qualitative agreement with recent experimental observations.
C(21)−C(40) of Tetrafibricin via Metal Catalysis: Beyond Stoichiometric Chiral Reagents, Auxiliaries, and Premetalated Nucleophiles

The C(21)−C(40) fragment of fibrinogen receptor inhibitor tetrafibricin was prepared in 12 steps from propane diol (longest linear sequence). In this approach, 6 C—C bonds are formed via asymmetric iridium catalyzed transfer hydrogenative carbonyl allylation and 2 C═C bonds are formed via Grubbs olefin cross-metathesis.
High resolution absorption cross sections for the a 2Π-X2 system of ClO

High-resolution ultraviolet absorption cross-sections for the ClO molecule are obtained, with the aim of facilitating studies of ozone depletion resulting from the injection of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere. The spectroscopic analysis, which involves a frequency-doubled tunable dye laser with a bandwidth of 0.015 A, is described. Studies of the rotational lines of the ClO A 2Pi 3/2-X2Pi 3/2 9-10 band were conducted. Peak cross-sections for the P and R lines of the 9-0 band are found to be 10.0, 9.6, 8.6, 10.6, 10.3, and 9.2 times ten to the negative seventeenth power cm squared, with estimated accuracy of plus or minus 25%. Problems in distinguishing between Cl-35 and Cl-37 absorption are also considered.
Signal-to-noise ratios in acousto-photonic imaging

The concept of tagging photons with ultrasound for medical imaging has been under development by several groups since the early 1990's. All the early attempts were plagued by low signals. The problem is very fundamental because the goal of good spatial resolution requires sampling only that light which has gone through a very small volume. It is compounded by the fact that the diverse paths of the photons result in signals which are not coherent with each other. Thus averaging over a large number of paths is of limited benefit. Recently, some new techniques have been developed for enhancing the signals. We will discuss the fundamental limits on signal-to-noise ratio which apply across all techniques.
Rare-earth-based spectral memories: material implications

ABSTRACT Spectral hole burning material parameters that impact optical memory architecture and performance are investigated. Optical power budget analysis for the data storage process reveals that although narrow homogeneous linewidth can confer high data density, it does not optimally support high data rates. Trading narrow linewidth for higher oscillator strength would be desirable, if attainable. Experimental measurement of oscillator strengths, quantum yield into alternative hyperfine ground state levels, and persistence of the hyperfine level populations in Eu 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 and Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 are presented and discussed. Quantum yield measurements of less than 25% indicate that spin projections are strongly preserved during excitation and relaxation processes. The hole depth consequently attainable from single -pulse illumination requires trade-offs in memory system design. Keywords: optical data storage, spectral hole burning, europium, praseodymium, yttrium silicate 1. INTRODUCTION
The sequence of 3'-termini of mRNAs from early region III of adenovirus 2.

Abstract The cloned cDNA sequences corresponding to early region III transcripts (76.6–86.0 map units) of adenovirus 2 were analyzed with a view to determine the structure of their 3′-termini. The clones pE7, pE22 and pE34, which contain a part of or the entire coding sequence for the Mr 19000 glycoprotein, showed microheterogeneity with respect to the poly(A) addition site, with the polyadenylation occurring 17, 26, or 29 nucleotides downstream from the hexanucleotide, 5′-ATTAAA-3′. The clone pE17 which represents a copy of the mRNA ending at 86.0 map units showed the presence of the sequence 5′-AATAAA-3′, 16 nucleotides before the poly(A) tail.
Maturity, fecundity, and reproductive cycle of the spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei

Size at maturity, fecundity, and reproductive periodicity were estimated for the spotted ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei (Lay and Bennett, 1839), off the coast of California, Oregon, and Washington. Maximum body size and size at median maturity were greater for females than males. Skeletal muscle concentrations of the steroid hormones testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) predicted similar, but slightly smaller sizes at maturity than the morphological criterion. Stage of maturity for males was estimated identically using internal organs or external secondary sexual characters, thus allowing non-lethal maturity assessments. Size at median maturity was greater north of Point Conception for females, and north of Cape Mendocino for males. Peak parturition occurred from May to October, with increased concentrations of E2 in skeletal muscle of females correlating with ovarian recrudescence during November to February. No significant seasonal trends in female T were apparent, but mean female 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) was 300% greater in April than any other month during the parturition season. There was a marginal evidence for increased number and size of ova with maternal size. Extrapolation of the hypothesized 6 to 8-month egg-laying season to observed mean parturition rates of captive specimens yielded an estimated annual fecundity of 19.5–28.9 egg cases. Differences in fecundity among higher taxonomic classifications of chondrichthyans were detected with chimaeriform fishes more fecund than lamniform, myliobatiform, squaliform, and rhinobatiform fishes, and less fecund than rajiform fishes.
Interactions between phencyclidine and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in mice following smoke exposure

Abstract The behavioral and pharmacological interactions between Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9 -THC) and phencyclidine (PCP) were studied following coadministration of the drugs in smoke to mice. While Δ 9 -THC (25, 50 or 100 mg/cigarette) had little effect on spontaneous motor activity, all doses attenuated the hyperactivity elicited by PCP·HCl (25 and 50 mg/cigarette) hΔ 9 -THC produced a dose-related hypothermia. PCP·HCl (50 mg/cigarette) had no effect on body temperature but enhanced hypothermia when combined with 25 mg of Δ 9 -THC. Δ 9 -THC (100 mg/cigarette) had no effect on the biodisposition of 3 H-PCP and its pyrolytic product, 3 H-phenylcyclohexene ( 3 H-PC), when examined immediately after 3 H-PCP·HCl (50 mg/cigarette) exposure. At 30 min, brain, liver, lung and plasma contained higher concentrations of 3 H-PC and fat and plasma contained lower concentrations of 3 H-PCP in the mice exposed to both drugs compared to 3 H-PCP·HCl alone. It appears, therefore, that Δ 9 -THC has the potential for altering the behavioral, pharmacological and pharmacokinetic sequelae of PCP abuse.
Tau neutrino physics: an introduction

Abstract The properties of the tau neutrino are discussed and the recent result reporting direct detection for the first time is presented. The status of the experimental results relating to the mass of the ντ, both from missing energy in tau decays and from neutrino oscillation experiments are reviewed. Finally, I give a perspective on future directions in studies of the physics of tau neutrinos.
Analogue computer generation of probability distributions for operations research

OPERATIONS research is being applied in science, commerce, and industry. Developed in response to military needs during World War II, it was then known as operations analysis and later as weapons systems evaluation. In its most general aspect operations research is a scientific method of providing executive departments with a quantitative basis for decisions regarding the operations under their control.1 It does this by predicting and comparing the values, effectiveness, and costs of alternative courses of action involving man-machine systems.
Symmetrical Maps Arising from Regular Coxeter Elements of Linear Groups

Let Г = (V, E) be a finite connected graph, and let G be a group of automorphisms of Г. Assume (i) each vertex stabilizer G v , v ∈ V, is cyclic of order > 1. (ii) G v acts transitively on Г(v) (= neighbors of v), for each v ∈ V. In particular Г has a valence, say k.
The Relief of Existential Suffering

Advanced and progressive illnesses bring existential suffering to patients as an inevitable consequence of the disease and its treatment. Physicians need a typology of existential distress to aid its recognition and improved management. The major forms of existential challenge include (1) death anxiety, (2) loss and change, (3) freedom with choice or loss of control, (4) dignity of the self, (5) fundamental aloneness, (6) altered quality of relationships, (7) our search for meaning, and (8) mystery about what seems unknowable. An adaptive response to each challenge promotes equanimity, peace, and fulfillment while sustaining engagement with life, creativity, and joy. Physicians can do much to nurture courage and maintain each person's sense of meaning, value, and purpose.
The Teacher Behaviors Checklist: Factor Analysis of Its Utility for Evaluating Teaching

We converted the Teacher Behaviors Checklist (TBC; Buskist, Sikorski, Buckley, & Saville, 2002) to an evaluative instrument to assess teaching by adding specific instructions and a Likert-type scale. Factor analysis of the modified TBC produced 2 subscales: caring and supportive and professional competency and communication skills. Further psychometric analysis suggested the instrument possessed excellent construct validity and reliability, underscoring its potential as a tool for assessing teaching. This instrument clearly identifies specific target teaching behaviors that instructors can alter to attempt to improve their teaching effectiveness.
Object-oriented multimedia databases: making and management

Abstract Today data retrieval is not only restricted to text, but has taken the form of sound and images. Multimedia data is defined as data in the form of text, sound and images. Manipulating and accessing such type of data requires an extensive approach for building a database system. A number of systems have been developed which integrate graphical representation with a DBMS to broaden the bandwidth of information transfer between the computer and the user. The objectoriented approach to multimedia databases adds flexibility for specialized applications in a multimedia environment. On the other hand, management of such a type of data in terms of storage and distribution is also a major task. This paper examines the basic concept of data manipulation in the object-oriented paradigm and its end-user outlook. Furthermore, consideration has been given to the storage requirements and the distribution of multimedia data.
Wobbler Dosimetry for the Biomedical Program at the LBL Bevalac

A system for measuring delivered dose and dose distributions has been developed for use with the wobbler beam delivery system. The system allows rapid termination of an irradiation when hardware of software monitors indicate the required dose has been delivered. In addition several safeguard systems are required by such an active system in event of a failure of the wobbler, associated electronic hardware or the computer. Computer graphic displays allow operator monitoring of the irradiation on a pulse by pulse basis.
Subzero temperature study of the inner mitochondrial membrane and related phospholipid membrane systems with the fluorescent probe, trans-parinaric acid.

Abstract The fluorescence intensity of trans -parinaric acid as a function of the temperature indicates a phase transition in bovine heart mitochondrial inner membranes below 0°C. The comparison of the dye fluorescence intensity in intact inner mitochondrial membranes and in vesicles from extracted phospholipids of mitochondria revealed a similar intensity increase with decreasing temperature. A synthetic phospholipid system of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine was investigated because of its low phase transition temperature and showed a very definite intensity change at −25°C. trans -Parinaric acid in membrane systems probes an environment of intermediate polarity; this was found from the excitation and emission spectra and from fluorescence decay.
Body composition of transgenic common carp, Cyprinus carpio, containing rainbow trout growth hormone gene

Abstract F1 transgenic common carp, Cyprinus carpio, containing rainbow trout growth hormone gene, pRSVrtGH1 cDNA were compared to non-transgenic full-siblings for body composition. Percent protein was higher (P A E ratios) of lysine and histidine were higher (P
Prediction of the Resonant Response of Frictionally Constrained Blade Systems Using Constrained Mode Shapes

In this paper, the concept of constrained mode shapes is employed to predict the resonant response of a frictionally constrained blade system. For a tuned blade system, the constrained mode shapes can be calculated using a finite element model of a single blade along with the cyclic symmetry constraint that simulates a fully stuck friction contact. The resulting constrained mode shapes are often complex and can be used to obtain the constrained receptance of the frictionally constrained blade. It is shown that by examining each mode’s contribution to the receptance at the friction contact point, the importance of each individual modes to the prediction of the resonant response of a frictionally constrained blade can be determined. Furthermore, by comparing the receptances calculated from free mode shapes and those from constrained mode shapes, it is found that in the neighborhood of the fully slipping region, the prediction of resonant response requires fewer number of modes when using free mode shapes compared to using constrained mode shapes. On the other hand, in the neighborhood of the fully stuck region, it requires fewer number of modes if constrained mode shapes are used. Therefore, when high preload at the friction contact is desirable, such as for shrouded blade systems, using the constrained mode shapes for the prediction of resonant response is preferred. Moreover, the concept of hybrid receptance is introduced so as to yield very accurate prediction of the resonant response based on only very few vibration modes.© 1998 ASME
Use of Computer Graphics in Fitting Statistical Distribution Functions To Data Representing Random Events

This paper describes the manner in which a windows-oriented, graphical user interface can facilitate the fitting of statistical distribution functions to data representing random events. A multi featured program that can display data in the form of histo grams, fit specified distribution functions to the data and determine a distribution function that best fits the data is described and illustrated with graphical examples. The results are displayed both graphically and in tabular form. Additional features are also described. The program has been written to be compatible with the SIMAN graphical user interface, though the results are general and can be applied within any particular graphical environment.
Pheromone biosynthetic pathways in the moths Heliothis subflexa and Heliothis virescens.

Sex pheromones of many moth species have relatively simple structures consisting of a hydrocarbon chain with a functional group and one to several double bonds. These sex pheromones are derived from fatty acids through specific biosynthetic pathways. We investigated the incorporation of deuterium-labeled tetradecanoic, hexadecanoic, and octadecanoic acid precursors into pheromone components of Heliothis subflexa and Heliothis virescens. The two species utilize (Z)11-hexadecenal as the major pheromone component, which is produced by ∆11 desaturation of hexadecanoic acid. H. subflexa also produced (Z)11-hexadecanol and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate via ∆11 desaturation. In H. subflexa, octadecanoic acid was used to biosynthesize the minor pheromone components (Z)9-hexadecenal, (Z)9-hexadecenol, and (Z)9-hexadecenyl acetate. These minor components are produced by ∆11 desaturation of octadecanoic acid followed by one round of chain-shortening. In contrast, H. virescens used hexadecanoic acid as a substrate to form (Z)11-hexadecenal and (Z)11-hexadecenol and hexadecenal. H. virescens also produced (Z)9-tetradecenal by ∆11 desaturation of the hexadecanoic acid followed by one round of chainshortening and reduction. Tetradecanoic acid was not utilized as a precursor to form Z9-14:Ald in H. virescens. This labeling pattern indicates that the ∆11 desaturase is the only active desaturase present in the pheromone gland cells of both species. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 59:53–58, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Object permanence and relational words: a lexical training study

Observational/correlational research has established that children in stage 5 object permanence development use words that refer to the visible movement of objects, while it is not until stage 6 that they use words referring to the invisible movement of objects (e.g. gone). It is not clear, however, whether the cognitive competence evidenced by performance in the object permanence task is a prerequisite for these linguistic productions or whether they both emerge simultaneously from some underlying representation. The current study used a lexical training paradigm to teach object words, visible movement words, and invisible movement words to children at stage 5 and stage 6 object permanence development. Stage 6 children learned all three types of words equally well. Stage 5 children learned object and visible movement words, especially in comprehension, but did not learn the invisible movement word. These results indicate that the cognitive structures underlying performance in the object permanence task are genuine prerequisites for learning these types of words.
Essay-Writing Strategy for Students Enrolled in a Postsecondary Program for Individuals With Developmental Disabilities

This study investigated the efficacy of a writing (ANSWER) strategy to improve the essay test responses of students who were enrolled in a campus-based, postsecondary education program for individuals with developmental disabilities. Random assignment to treatment or control groups and a pre- and posttest design were employed. Students used the six-step ANSWER strategy to analyze essay test prompts, construct outlines, generate essay responses, and revise as needed. The results were evaluated using a strategy scoring rubric. The treatment group received higher scores than the control group in the areas of strategy use and quality of essay responses. The results support the ANSWER strategy as an effective writing intervention for improving students’ essay responses.
Helium Heat Rectifiers and a Simple Magnetic Refrigerator

A heat valve having an inherently unidirectional conductivity would simplify both single and cyclic magnetic cooling because of its automatic action. As previously reported, such a rectifier can be made by confining a liquid mixture of heliums 3 and 4 in a vertical stainless steel tube fastened to a copper block at the upper end but leading into a hole in a copper block at the lower end. It conducts heat downward but not upward; ratios in the neighborhood of 1000 have been obtained. Figure 1 shows one of the best designs to date for temperatures above 1°K.2 The chamber at the top, for overcoming Kapitza resistance, may not be necessary except below 1°K. A capillary may be used to change mixtures for investigative purposes. Sealed units have been made. Reproducibility has been satisfactory but the ability of various factors to change the conductivity enormously in both directions indicates that careful analysis is needed.
Ablating Brain Embolism in Atrial Fibrillation

See related article, page 265. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is widely recognized as the most common cause of cardioembolic stroke in those aged >55 years. Less well appreciated are silent embolic infarcts and their impact on cognitive decline and vascular dementia. Hence, the prevention of both clinical and silent brain infarcts is the primary goal of effective AF treatment. Indeed, entire industries have been spawned to prevent stroke in AF. Warfarin is established as the benchmark stroke prevention treatment, although its risks and limitations are well known, not the least of which is underuse by …
A Putative Oncogenic Role for MPP11 in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer

Genetic alterations of chromosome 7 are common in human cancer. Furthermore, previous studies have supported the presence of a gene important in a broad range of cancers at 7q22-31.1. There is evidence that supports an oncogenic function for this putative gene, as well as evidence that supports a tumor suppressive role. In this study, we used a cross-species candidate gene approach in combination with physical mapping to identify MPP11 as a candidate for the putative cancer-related activity at 7q22-31.1. We then analyzed primary head and neck squamous cell tumors (HNSCCs) for loss of heterozygosity/allelic imbalance (LOH/AI) at the MPP11 genomic locus. Thirty-eight percent of tumors examined displayed LOH/AI involving the MPP11 genomic locus. Mutation analysis of MPP11 in the latter samples did not identify any inactivating mutations. However, immunohistochemical staining of primary tumor sections and Western blot analysis of HNSCC cell lines revealed a tumor-specific high level of expression of MPP11p. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis done on the cell lines identified increased chromosome 7 copy number with a concomitant increase in MPP11 copy number. These results suggest an oncogenic role for MPP11 in HNSCC.
High-capacity Li2S–graphene oxide composite cathodes with stable cycling performance

With its high theoretical capacity of 1166 mA h g−1, Li2S is a promising prelithiated cathode material for applications such as vehicle electrification and grid energy storage. Herein, we demonstrate facile synthesis of Li2S–graphene oxide composites for use as high-capacity and stable-cycling Li2S cathodes. The wrapping of graphene oxide onto the surface of Li2S through favorable lithium–oxygen interactions helps to minimize the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides into the electrolyte during cycling, which is a major reason for rapid capacity decay. Using the Li2S–graphene oxide composites as a cathode material, we demonstrate a high discharge capacity of 782 mA h g−1 of Li2S (∼1122 mA h g−1 of S) with stable cycling performance over 150 charge–discharge cycles.
Alkylsulfonates as probes of uncoupling protein transport mechanism. Ion pair transport demonstrates that direct H(+) translocation by UCP1 is not necessary for uncoupling.

The mechanism of fatty acid-dependent uncoupling by mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) is still in debate. We have hypothesized that the anionic fatty acid head group is translocated by UCP, and the proton is transported electroneutrally in the bilayer by flip-flop of the protonated fatty acid. Alkylsulfonates are useful as probes of the UCP transport mechanism. They are analogues of fatty acids, and they are transported by UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3. We show that undecanesulfonate and laurate are mutually competitive inhibitors, supporting the hypothesis that fatty acid anion is transported by UCP1. Alkylsulfonates cannot be protonated because of their low pK a, consequently, they cannot catalyze electroneutral proton transport in the bilayer and cannot support uncoupling by UCP. We report for the first time that propranolol forms permeant ion pairs with the alkylsulfonates, thereby removing this restriction. Because a proton is transported with the neutral ion pair, the sulfonate is able to deliver protons across the bilayer, behaving as if it were a fatty acid. When ion pair transport is combined with UCP1, we now observe electrophoretic proton transport and uncoupling of brown adipose tissue mitochondria. These experiments confirm that the proton transport of UCP-mediated uncoupling takes place in the lipid bilayer and not via UCP itself. Thus, UCP1, like other members of its gene family, translocates anions and does not translocate protons.
Family of Origin Influences on Marital Attitudes and Readiness for Marriage in Late Adolescents

Using Bowenian family systems theory, this study examined the effects of the intergenerational transmission of anxiety in the family of origin through the processes of fusion, triangulation, and control on late adolescents' attitudes toward marriage and readiness for marriage. Participants (N = 977) completed three measures of family processes in their families of origin, attitudes toward marriage, and readiness for marriage. The findings indicated that fusion and triangulation were related to negative opinions and feelings about marriage. They did not have a significant effect on perceived readiness for marriage or on waiting period before marriage. However, gender and age predicted readiness and waiting time. Implications for family therapists working with adolescents are discussed.
Incomplete left bundle-branch block. A definite electrocardiographic entity.

Rate-dependent intermittent incomplete and complete left bundle-branch block (LBBB) is described in a patient without other evidence of heart disease. Continuous electrocardiographic tracings revealed QRS complexes intermediate in configuration between normal conduction and complete LBBB during the transitional phase from normal to abnormal conduction. This provided an opportunity to study the various grades of incomplete LBBB in man. During the incomplete LBBB phase, the morphology of the QRS complexes bore a close resemblance to the QRS form in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (type B). The differences between these two entities are emphasized.
ATPG for scan chain latches and flip-flops

A new approach for testing the bistable elements (latches and flip-flops) in scan chain circuits is presented. In this approach, we generate test patterns that apply a checking experiment to each bistable element in the circuit while checking their response. Such tests guarantee the detection of all detectable combinational defects inside the bistable elements. The algorithm is implemented by modifying an existing stuck-at combinational test pattern generator. The number of test patterns generated by the new program is comparable to the number of traditional stuck-at patterns. This shows that this approach is practical for large circuits.
Determination of embryonic temperature profiles and eggshell water vapor conductance constants in incubating Ross × Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs using temperature transponders

The comprehensive profiles of the internal and external temperatures of embryonated Ross × Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs during incubation were determined using temperature transponders, and eggshell water vapor conductance (G(H2O)), specific G(H2O) (g(H2O); G(H2O) adjusted to a 100 g set egg weight basis), and G(H2O) constants (K(H2O)) were calculated. On each of 8 replicate tray levels of an incubator, 2 nonembryonated and 4 embryonated eggs were each implanted with a transponder on d 10.5 of incubation for the determination of internal (air cell) temperatures of nonembryonated (T(nem)) and embryonated (T(emb)) eggs, respectively. In addition, 2 water-filled vials, each containing a transponder, were used on each tray level for the determination of the external microenvironment temperatures (T(ext)) of the embryonated and nonembryonated eggs. Between 10.5 and 18 d of incubation, incubator data logger temperatures were determined every 5 min; and incubator dry bulb temperature, T(ext), T(nem), T(emb), and the difference between T(emb) and T(nem) (T) were determined every 12 h. Over the days of incubation, regression coefficients for T(emb) and T were positive, whereas the regression coefficient for T(nem) was negative. There was a significant day of incubation × type of temperature measurement (T(ext), T(nem), and T(emb)) interaction for temperature. Between 13 and 18 d of incubation, mean values of T(emb) readings that were recorded every 12 h were consistently higher than those of T(ext) and T(nem), indicating the importance of air cell transponder implantation for the efficient estimation of broiler embryo temperature. Furthermore, mean values of the percentage of daily incubational egg weight loss, G(H2O), g(H2O), and K(H2O) of the embryonated eggs were 0.54 ± 0.019%, 14.4 ± 0.56 mg of H₂O/d per Torr, 25.0 ± 0.96 mg of H₂O/d per Torr per 100 g, and 5.20 ± 0.205, respectively. The results suggest that transponders may be implanted in the air cells of broiler hatching eggs to detect incubational variations in T(emb) and to subsequently calculate G(H2O), g(H2O), and K(H2O).
Cystatin C: a potential target for Alzheimer’s treatment

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases of the aging population. Neuropathologically, the disease is characterized by neurodegeneration and the presence of two pathologica...
Health Care Proxies: Whom Do Young Old Adults Choose and Why?

Dying persons are encouraged to name as durable power of attorney for health care (DPAHC) someone who will thus be empowered to make end-of-life treatment decisions for them in the event that they become incapacitated. We use data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study to investigate whether and whom older adults designate as their DPAHC. DPAHC appointments are affected by recent hospitalizations, personal beliefs (including religion, fear of death, and the belief that doctors rather than patients should control health care decisions), and personal experience with the recent painful death of a loved one. The selections of DPAHC designees are generally consistent with the hierarchical compensatory model: Married persons overwhelmingly name their spouses, while unmarried parents appoint their children. Women are more likely than men to rely on children. Parents of one or two children tend to bypass their children for another relative. Unmarried, childless persons show considerable heterogeneity in their choices. We discuss implications of these findings for health care policy and practice.
INHIBITION OF NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE) ATTRACTION BY SMALL PROPORTIONS OF PITCH PINE TIP MOTH PHEROMONE

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and the pitch pine tip moth, R. rigidana (Fernald), often occur together in young stands of southern pines, but the former is more common.
Degradation of Cellulose as Revealed Microscopically

Because natural cellulose is fundamentally fibrous, degradation—be it caused by chemical agents such as acids and alkalies, by physical agents such as grinding and ultrasonic vibration, or by biological agents such as molds and bacteria—proceeds in a manner which reflects this basic fibrillate structure. The dimensions of the threadlike fibrils into which cellulose breaks down vary, depending upon the severity of the treatment and perhaps also on innate differences among celluloses from various sources. Following degradative action, light microscopy reveals fibrils of the order of several tenths of a micron in diameter. At the higher magnifications obtainable with the electron microscope, still finer fibrils, a few hundred Angstroms wide, are detectable. Certain degradative treatments cause a further transverse splitting of these fibrils into rod-shaped structures.From x-ray and chemical investigations it is known that cellulose is made up of long-chain molecules whose arrangement with respect to one anot...
Solution to Three-Dimensional Indeterminate Contact and Impact With Friction Using Rigid Body Constraints

This work analyzes three-dimensional multibody systems undergoing indeterminate contact and impact in the presence of Coulomb friction. A discrete approach is used to analyze the impact behavior upon detection of the impact events during simulation. During an impact event, the velocities of the impact points describe the systems state and can be studied to characterize the nature of impact and determine the post-impact behavior of the system. The velocities of the impact points during an impact event can be described in terms of the impulses at those points. This work uses Amontons-Coulombs law of friction and rigid body constraints to develop a technique for reducing the number of impulses required to compute the velocities of the impact point during the impact event. Indeterminacies associated with slip direction arise, when Coulombs friction is considered. Therefore, a numerical approach is used to evolve the slip direction along with the slip velocity, with respect to a normal impulse. The work-energy theorem is used to detect the end of the impact event, and determine the post-impact velocities of the system. Examples of a three-dimensional rocking block and a sphere impacting a corner are analyzed to demonstrate the proposed methodology.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The archaeology of uncommon interventions: Articulating the rationale for transcatheter closure of congenital coronary artery fistulas in asymptomatic children.

Key Points Transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistulas can be executed successfully in infants and children with few serious procedural complications. Indications for and long-term outcomes of closure of coronary artery fistulas remain poorly defined. Registries may offer the best opportunity for advancing our knowledge about uncommon interventions such as coil or device closure of coronary artery fistulas, but to do so, they must include sufficient data and evaluate factors potentially associated with salutary or adverse outcome.
Creating tissues from textiles: scalable nonwoven manufacturing techniques for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds

Electrospun nonwovens have been used extensively for tissue engineering applications due to their inherent similarities with respect to fibre size and morphology to that of native extracellular matrix (ECM). However, fabrication of large scaffold constructs is time consuming, may require harsh organic solvents, and often results in mechanical properties inferior to the tissue being treated. In order to translate nonwoven based tissue engineering scaffold strategies to clinical use, a high throughput, repeatable, scalable, and economic manufacturing process is needed. We suggest that nonwoven industry standard high throughput manufacturing techniques (meltblowing, spunbond, and carding) can meet this need. In this study, meltblown, spunbond and carded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nonwovens were evaluated as tissue engineering scaffolds using human adipose derived stem cells (hASC) and compared to electrospun nonwovens. Scaffolds were seeded with hASC and viability, proliferation, and differentiation were evaluated over the course of 3 weeks. We found that nonwovens manufactured via these industry standard, commercially relevant manufacturing techniques were capable of supporting hASC attachment, proliferation, and both adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of hASC, making them promising candidates for commercialization and translation of nonwoven scaffold based tissue engineering strategies.