cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury.

Abstract Pagulayan KF, Temkin NR, Machamer J, Dikmen SS. A longitudinal study of health-related quality of life after traumatic brain injury. Objective To examine the longitudinal course of health-related quality of life from 1 month to 3 to 5 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design Longitudinal cohort study with 4 evaluation points. Setting Level I trauma center. Participants Consecutive hospital admissions of 133 adolescents and adults with complicated mild to severe TBI who completed the outcome measure at all 4 time points, 111 general trauma patients, and 87 healthy friend controls. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure Sickness Impact Profile. Results TBI patients reported significant limitations at 1 month postinjury, with substantial improvement occurring by 6 months, especially in the physical domain. Psychosocial improvement was smaller, and perceived cognitive, emotional, and communication difficulties did not change over the time period assessed. Persons with TBI had clear difficulties relative to healthy peers, but their reported level of difficulties was very similar to that of the persons who had sustained a general trauma by 1 year postinjury. Conclusions In this sample, TBI was associated with significant early limitations in most aspects of everyday life. Considerable improvement was noted over the first 6 months postinjury, especially in physical domains. Some aspects of psychosocial functioning also improved, although reported limitations in communication, cognitive, and emotional domains remained constant over time. These findings highlight the persistence of injury-related difficulties that compromise quality of life.
An SM-WRLS algorithm with an efficient test for innovation: simulation studies and complexity issues

A strategy is developed which can be applied to any version, adaptive or non-adaptive, of the set membership weighted recursive least squares (SM-WRLS) algorithm to improve the computational efficiency. A significant reduction in computational complexity can be achieved by employing a suboptimal test for information content in the incoming data. The main issue is to avoid the computations of an O(m/sup 2/) checking procedure, where m is the number of parameters to be estimated, which is required to check for the existence of useful data. Since most of the time these computations result in the rejection of incoming data, a more efficient test which reduces the complexity of the algorithm to O(m) is presented. >
Vertical distribution of phaeopigments—I. A simple grazing and photooxidative scheme for small particles

Abstract The vertical distribution of phaeopigments in the open temperate ocean generally parallels the patterns in the vertical distribution of chlorophyll a . When the euphotic zone is thermally stratified the principal difference between the vertical distribution of chlorophyll and its degradation product is that the concentration of phaeopigment relative to that of chlorophyll increases with depth. We suggest that particles containing phaeopigments are so small that their sinking is not significant in determining their distribution. The suggestion is supported by the particle size distribution; the majority of phaeopigment is in particles μ in diameter. We also suggest that the distribution of such small particles results from two balancing processes, the production of phaeopigment by the grazing of microzooplankton herbivores and the loss of the pigment by photooxidation.
Differential targeting of dynamin-1 and dynamin-3 to nerve terminals during chronic suppression of neuronal activity.

Neurons express three closely related dynamin genes. Dynamin 1 has long been implicated in the regulation of synaptic vesicle recycling in nerve terminals, and dynamins 2 and 3 were more recently shown also to contribute to synaptic vesicle recycling in specific and distinguishable ways. In cultured hippocampal neurons we found that chronic suppression of spontaneous network activity differentially regulated the targeting of endogenous dynamins 1 and 3 to nerve terminals, while dynamin 2 was unaffected. Specifically, when neural activity was chronically silenced for 1–2 weeks by tetrodotoxin (TTX), the clustering of dynamin 1 at nerve terminals was reduced, while the clustering of dynamin 3 significantly increased. Moreover, dynamin 3 clustering was induced within hours by the sustained blockade of AMPA receptors, suggesting that AMPA receptors may function to prevent Dyn3 accumulation within nerve terminals. Clustering of dynamin 3 was induced by an antagonist of the calcium-dependent protein phosphatase calcineurin, but was not dependent upon intact actin filaments. TTX-induced clustering of Dyn3 occurred with a markedly slower time-course than the previously described clustering of synapsin 1. Potassium-induced depolarization rapidly de-clustered dynamin 3 from nerve terminals within minutes. These results, which have implications for homeostatic synapse restructuring, indicate that the three dynamins have evolved different regulatory mechanisms for trafficking to and from nerve terminals in response to changes in neural activity.
Coupled thermal-fluid-electrical simulation for printed circuit board design

In this work we describe a coupled thermal-fluid-electrical simulation for printed circuit boards and their surrounding enclosures. A finite-element based electrical solver is used to compute the distribution of electrical currents and ohmic power losses in the board's power and ground distribution network. The power loss information is then used as an input to a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver. The CFD solver computes the resulting air flow velocities and temperature distribution in the board and its surroundings. The temperature map is then returned to the electrical solver, which adjusts the electrical conductivity as a function of position and computes an updated set of current and power losses. This procedure is iterated until it obtains a converged, self-consistent solution for the steady-state temperature and ohmic power loss distributions in the board-enclosure system.
Social Capital, Self-Esteem, Popularity, Need for Accessibility to Friends, and Stress Predict Cyber Technology Use

The authors examined social capital, self-esteem, popularity, need for accessibility to friends, and stress as gendered predictors of cyber technology use in 149 undergraduates. The authors investigated four kinds of cyber technology use: social networking, texting, internet surfing, and MP3 player listening. Stress was the most consistent predictor of cyber technology use in men social networking, texting, and MP3 player listening, while popularity was the most consistent for women social networking, texting, and MP3 player listening. Furthermore, self-esteem inversely predicted use of internet surfing in men and MP3 player listening in women. On the other hand, the social capital dimension of bridging online which is establishing weak social ties, predicted the use of both internet surfing and MP3 player listening in men and women. The authors extended the literature by establishing gendered social-cognitive dimensions of cyber technology use among undergraduates in the United States.
Temperature and field-sweeping rate dependence of flux jumps in a melt-textured YBa2Cu3O7−x superconductor

Abstract Magnetization hysteresis measurements of the melt-textured YBCO sample have been carried out in various temperatures. The saw-tooth-like flux jumps, which is a characteristic behavior of high J c , type II superconducting material, occur at temperature below ∼ 10 K. The jumps are less spaced with decreasing temperature or increasing field-sweeping rate. Magnetization hysteresis data at 65, 70, 75 and 77K are well illustrated in terms of the flux creep model.
The Intraoperative Use of Plateletpheresis: A Review

T HE FEAR of blood transmissible disease has led to various alternative blood conservation techniques that minimize blood loss and exposure to blood products. Preoperative autologous blood withdrawal has been widely practiced for elective orthopedic procedures. 1 However, this requires a lot of preparation and frequent patient visits to the blood bank center. In addition, blood is wasted when the autologous blood is not reinfused into the patient and cannot be used for another patient. This technique is also unsuitable for most cardiac patients, patients with anemia, and patients with other critical disease. The autotransfusion unit is a popular device used for intraoperative blood salvage. Pharmacologic agents such as desmopressin, tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic acid, and aprotinin have been widely used in cardiac surgery to produce hemostasis and minimize blood loss and usage. Recently, acute plateletpheresis (APP) has been reintroduced, mainly in cardiac surgery. This discussion will briefly describe the method used for intraoperative APP and the merits of the intraoperative use of this technique.
Effect of multiple phase change materials (PCMs) slab configurations on thermal energy storage

Abstract The present work involves the use of a two dimensional control volume based numerical method to conduct a study of a combined convection–diffusion phase change heat transfer process in varied configurations of composite PCM slabs. Simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of using different configurations of multiple PCM slabs arrangements with different melting temperatures, thermophysical properties and varied sets of boundary conditions on the total energy stored as compared to using a single PCM slab. The degree of enhancement of the energy storage has been shown in terms of the total energy stored rate. The numerical results from the parametric study indicated that the total energy charged rate can be significantly enhanced by using composite PCMs as compared to the single PCM. This enhancement in the energy storage can be of great importance to improve the thermal performance of latent thermal storage systems.
The horizon: New targets and new agents

Alison B. Jazwinski, M.D., M.H.S. and Andrew J. Muir, M.D., M.H.S.Patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and theirphysicians have long been awaiting a more tolerable andeffective treatment regimen. New agents are currently in de-velopment that directly target the HCV life cycle [direct-act-ing antivirals (DAAs)]. This review discusses these agentsand the targets of therapy.
A Moral Critique of the Cosmopolitan Institutional Proposal

Preventive intervention, though an old practice, has recently come under widespread discussion due to concerns about international terrorism and the potential availability to rogue states or terrorists of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). With the 2003 war in Iraq, the Bush administration made preventive intervention part of United States military policy. In a recent issue of Ethics & International Affairs, Allen Buchanan and Robert Keohane argued that the preventive use of military force may be justified in some circumstances. In this essay I take issue with their argument.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis: An approach to management using cryopreserved allograft skin

Toxic epidermal necrolysis is an acute exfoliation of skin simulating a scald injury. Drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis has a mortality of greater than 50%. We report an 8-year-old girl with drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis who was treated with cryopreserved cadaver skin, with good outcome. The allograft was clinically and histologically viable. Graft keratinocytes demonstrated epiboly as reepithelialization by the host occurred along the host/graft interface. Host epidermis regenerated rapidly, presumably from adnexae, and displaced the viable allograft along the plane of the host/graft interface. The new epidermis appeared normal in all respects.
Matching of 3-D curves

We show that the minimum value of a distance measure between 3-D polygonal arcs of equal length is the smallest eigenvalue of a certain matrix. Using this we develop a mismatch measure and a matching algorithm for 3-D polygonal arcs of unequal lengths.
Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pancreatitis

Many aspects of acute pancreatitis treatment have been controversial, but with the refinement of contrast enhanced computed tomography, advances have been made towards quicker diagnosis and treatment of this condition. The management of this disease process for complication, and determination of cause so those future occurrences may be prevented.
Some Evidence on Occupational Licensing and Occupational Incomes

Caplow (1954) and Vollmer and Mills (1966) have suggested that occupational associations, one aspect of professionalization, frequently operate so as to restrict entry to the occupation and enhance occupational incomes. Four hypotheses from the literature on occupational associations are explicitly developed and tested. No evidence is found that licensing per se affects occupational incomes. There is weak support for the argument that public representation on licensing boards tends to reduce occupational incomes. And there is rather strong support for the hypothesis that licensing is used to restrict entry and enhance occupational incomes. In S of 6 occupations, there is the expected negative correlation between the proportion of applicants who actually receive licenses, and occupational incomes. Finally, to the extent an occupation is professionalized, occupational income tends to be independent of acrossstate variations in median income. The literature on occupations and professions has dealt primarily with three themes: (1) the socialization process encountered in entering an occupation or profession (e.g., Becker and Carper, 1956; Simpson, 1967; Wright, 1967); (2) the process of professionalization, or the distinction between occupations and professions (e.g., Cogan, 1955; Goode, 1957; Greenwood, 1957; Hughes, 1958; Wilensky, 1964); and (3) the apparent conflict between professionalization and bureaucracy, with particular emphasis on the control by a hierarchy of authority as contrasted with control by a community of colleagues (e.g., Hall, 1968; Scott, 1965). Perrow (1972) has recently critically noted the intense preoccupation with this possible conflict between professionalism and bureaucracy. Within that body of literature dealing with professionalization, there have been several attempts to explicate the stages of professionalization and those distinguishing characteristics that differentiate between occupations that are and are not considered to be professional (Goode, 1957; 1960; Greenwood, 1957; Wilensky, 1964). Some research has dealt with the degree of professionalization of specific occupations, such as pharmacy (Denzin, 1968; Quinney, 1964), occupational therapy (Brunyate, 1967) and law enforcement (Brerton,
The hemodynamics in labile hypertension.

Abstract The hemodynamics have been studied in 73 subjects selected on the basis of an arbitrary definition for an elevated blood pressure. Two hemodynamic patterns were observed: (1) high output and low resistance, and (2) normal cardiac output and elevated total peripheral resistance. There is some theoretical and clinical evidence that the high cardiac output may indicate a more mild hypertension in terms of severity and the likelihood of the development of fixed essential hypertension. Final proof awaits long-term follow-up, and such a study is underway.
Nation Building and the Politics of Islamic Internationalism in Guinea: Toward an Understanding of Muslims' Experience of Globalization in Africa

This article discusses the historical role of Islam in the political evolution of Guinea in the broader context of Muslims’ experience of nation/state building and globalization in Africa. This role is examined on the premise that Islam is one of the major globalizing forces (more in the body of the paper on this idea of Islam as a globalizing force) responsible for the formation of what experts have conceptualized as Africa’s “triple heritage” or the juncture of African traditional values, Islamic influence, and the legacy of Western colonialism. The article examines Islam’s role in the creation of cultural identities, territorial polities, and complex regional and trans-continental networks of trade and scholarship in pre-colonial West Africa; the formation of fronts of resistance to European colonial conquest and occupation; and the mobilization of new nationalist forces which sparked the national liberation struggle of the 1940s and 1950s in the region. The discussion of key concepts such as nationalism, nation/state building, internationalism, and globalization exposes the limited applicability of existing theories to the African experience by highlighting the complexity of post-colonial cultural reconstruction and nation building on the continent. From this perspective, the article focuses upon the political and ideological contradictions having marked the relations of the regime of the Parti Democratique de Guinee (PDG) under President Ahmed Sekou Toure and conservative Guinean Muslim circles in the early years of independence, due in part to Toure’s Marxist and socialist leanings of the time. Also comprehensively discussed is this regime’s subsequent ideological incorporation and diplomatic use of Islam in an effort to curb anti-PDG opposition at home and abroad and to free itself from isolation by the West. Hence, President Toure’s successful policy of “offensive diplomatique” geared primarily toward Arab and Muslim nations and organizations but also, though somewhat indirectly, toward Western powers, serves as an example of the dynamics of Islamic internationalism in Cold War global affairs. Past experiences of party-centered and state-controlled regimentation of religious organizations under Toure’s state-party regime is compared to the current trend of self-decentralization and self-internationalization of Islamic forces in light of the challenges of religious radicalism and post-Cold War politics in Africa.
Carbon budget study using CO2 flux measurements from a no till system in central Ohio

Enhancing carbon sequestration in soil is an important means to reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere. The soil organic carbon (SOC) pool is the net result of carbon (C) input in the form of crop residue and biomass, and output including CO2 flux and other losses. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the influence of known additions of crop residue in a no till system on CO2 flux measured with the static chamber alkali-absorption method, and (2) calculate the C budget from the CO2 flux and C added in crop residue. The experiment was started on a Crosby silt loam (Stagnic Luvisol) in 1989. Annually 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Mg ha ˇ1 wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.) was applied. Noon soil temperature and daily CO2 flux were determined in 1997. Residue application rate had a significant impact on soil temperature as measured at noon, especially early in the growing season. Noon soil temperature was up to 148C higher under unmulched compared with that of mulched treatments. Measured CO2 flux ranged from 0.4 to 4.2 g C m ˇ2 per day. Differences in CO2 flux between crop residue treatments were not significant on most sampling dates, probably due to the presence of undecomposed residue in the soil which did not contribute to the CO2 flux, and to variability in sampling. Average daily soil temperature at 5 cm depth determined on a nearby weather station explained 60% of the variation in CO2 flux from bare plots. The C budget calculated from CO2 flux measurements indicated a net depletion of SOC in all treatments. However, measured SOC contents indicated an increase of SOC over time in some treatments. It is likely that the annual CO2 flux measured with the static chamber alkali-absorption method is overestimated due to omission of CO2 measurements when soil water content is high, and perhaps other, as yet unknown factors. A comparison of the static chamber technique and improved dynamic chamber techniques and micrometeorological methods is recommended. # 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Dynamic control of axial compressors

Several control laws have been formulated by other authors to stabilize the low-order nonlinear state-space model of an axial compression system developed by Moore and Greitzer (1986). Using static nonlinear feedback, these control laws extend the stable operating range of the compressor system. This paper considers the merits of using dynamic feedback to implement the control law suggested by Sepulchre and Kokotovic (1996). Bifurcation and normal form analysis are used to show that the dynamic implementation of this control law is able to eliminate rotating stall by stabilizing a small axisymmetric limit cycle around the peak of the compressor characteristic. The analysis reveals the possibility that controlled dynamics can be used to create new and desirable phenomena.
Growth hormone is not safe for children with renal transplants

Growth failure is an important problem in children with renal failure. Even after renal transplantation their growth rates may be lower than normal, and "catch-up" growth does not occur. Therefore there is great interest in giving growth hormone (GH) after transplantation. Clinical observations and theoretic considerations call into question whether GH after transplantation is safe. Studies have shown a more rapid than normal decline in renal function after the initiation of GH therapy. This result could be explained by the effects of GH on the immune response. Growth hormone is known to modulate (usually upregulate) the immune response and could be a reason for the increased loss of renal function caused by rejection. It could also be explained by the long-term effects of GH on the injured kidney. Experimental data (generally not in the transplantation model) suggest that exogenous GH given after renal injury or reduced renal mass leads to a more rapid development of glomerular sclerosis and reduced renal function. GH should not be administered to children after renal transplantation until all safety questions have been answered in prospective clinical trials.
Phragmoplastin, green algae and the evolution of cytokinesis.

Phragmoplast-mediated cell division characterizes the land plants in the streptophyte lineage and some species of the green algal orders Coleochaetales, Charales and Zygnematales that are basal to that lineage. This type of cell division is generally not found in the other green plant lineage, the chlorophyte algae. A well-developed phragmoplast-type cell division has been documented, however, in two subaerial green algae (Cephaleuros parasiticus and Trentepohlia odorata) belonging to the order Trentepohliales – an order that molecular sequence data place unequivocally within the chlorophytes rather than streptophytes. Is the phragmoplast-mediated cell division of the Trentepohliales a case of homology or non-homology? To gain more insight into this question, we are exploring the potential phylogenetic information inferred from gene sequences of phragmoplastin, a dynamin-like protein that has been associated with cell-plate formation during phragmoplast-mediated cytokinesis in land plants. Primers for green algae were designed based on an available phragmoplastin sequence from soybean and yielded PCR amplifications from the trentepohlialean green algae Trentepohlia and Cephaleuros and the leafy liverwort Bazzania. These are the first published data for phragmoplastins in algae and liverworts. Analysis of phragmoplastin gene sequences in chlorophyte and streptophyte green algae may help to chart the evolution of the development of the phragmoplast.
Logic synthesis of multilevel circuits with concurrent error detection

This paper presents a procedure for synthesizing multilevel circuits with concurrent error detection. All errors caused by single stuck-at faults are detected using a parity-check code. The synthesis procedure (implemented in Stanford CRCs TOPS synthesis system) fully automates the design process, and reduces the cost of concurrent error detection compared with previous methods. An algorithm for selecting a good parity-check code for encoding the circuit outputs is described. Once the code has been selected, a new procedure called structure-constrained logic optimization is used to minimize the area of the circuit as much as possible while still using a circuit structure that ensures that single stuck-at faults cannot produce undetected errors. It is proven that the resulting implementation is path fault secure, and when augmented by a checker, forms a self-checking circuit. The actual layout areas required for self-checking implementations of benchmark circuits generated with the techniques described in this paper are compared with implementations using Berger codes, single-bit parity, and duplicate-and-compare. Results indicate that the self-checking multilevel circuits generated with the procedure described here are significantly more economical.
Stability of Aqueous α-Al2O3 Suspensions with Poly(methacrylic acid) Polyelectrolyte

Stability of aqueous α-Al2O3 suspensions with Na+ salt of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA-Na) polyelectrolyte was studied as a function of pH. At a given pH, the transition from the flocculated to the dispersed state corresponded to the adsorption saturation limit of the powders by the PMAA. As the pH was decreased, the adsorption saturation limit increased until insolubility and charge neutralization of the PMAA was approached. The critical amount of PMAA required to achieve stability is outlined in a stability map.
Balloon remodeling for aneurysm coil embolization with the coaxial lumen Scepter C balloon catheter: initial experience at a high volume center

Introduction The use of balloon remodeling allows for the treatment of aneurysms that were previously considered to be poor candidates for coil embolization. The Scepter C (Microvention, Tustin, California, USA) is a novel temporary occlusion balloon system with a dual coaxial lumen catheter. The design accommodates a more steerable 0.014 inch guidewire with improved control for delivery to the target lesion. We describe our initial experience with the use of this device for balloon remodeling to assist during aneurysm coil embolization. Methods All aneurysms that were treated with balloon remodeling employing the Scepter C balloon at a single institution (Medical University of South Carolina) from the time it was available in October 2011 to July 2012 were evaluated. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, procedural success, and adverse events were assessed. Results 52 aneurysms were treated in 48 patients (45 women, three men) with a mean age of 59.3±11 years (mean±SD). Mean aneurysm height was 5.9±3 mm, width 4.4±2 mm with a 3.1±2 mm broad neck. A variety of aneurysms were treated. The most commonly utilized size was the 4 mm×10 mm (n=33) balloon. A Raymond 1 (complete occlusion) was achieved in the majority (n=44; 84.6%) of aneurysms, Raymond 2 (residual neck) in five, and Raymond 3 (residual aneurysm) in five. There was one complication (1.9%) attributed directly to balloon use. Conclusions Our initial experience with the dual coaxial lumen Scepter C occlusion balloon catheter demonstrates its feasibility for use in balloon remodeling for aneurysm coil embolization. A variety of aneurysms at different locations were treated with satisfactory initial angiographic results and adverse event rates.
Dual Half-Bridge DC–DC Converter With Wide-Range ZVS and Zero Circulating Current

A new converter topology that is both high power and digitally controlled combines two half-bridge inverters to operate as a full-bridge power stage using phase-shifting control, but with zero circulating current. Each power switch operates with a nominal 50% duty cycle to achieve zero-voltage switching over a widely varying load, but can also function in pulsewidth modulation mode for increased output voltage regulation range. Light-load efficiency can be improved by turning OFF one half-bridge inverter. A 1-kW 385-48 V converter designed to validate the concept achieved both 96+% efficiency and high power density.
Evaluating thin compression paddles for mammographically compatible ultrasound.

Abstract We are developing a combined digital mammography/3D ultrasound system to improve detection and/or characterization of breast lesions. Ultrasound scanning through a mammographic paddle could significantly reduce signal level, degrade beam focusing and create reverberations. Thus, appropriate paddle choice is essential for accurate sonographic lesion detection and assessment with this system. In this study, we characterized ultrasound image quality through paddles of varying materials (lexan, polyurethane, TPX, mylar) and thicknesses (0.25 to 2.5 mm). Analytical experiments focused on lexan and TPX, which preliminary results demonstrated were most competitive. Spatial and contrast resolution, side-lobe and range lobe levels, contrast and signal strength were compared with no-paddle images. When the beamforming of the system was corrected to account for imaging through the paddle, the TPX 2.5 mm paddle performed the best. Test objects imaged through this paddle demonstrated ≤ 15% reduction in spatial resolution, ≤ 7.5 dB signal loss, ≤ 3 dB contrast loss and range lobe levels ≥ 35 dB below signal maximum over 4 cm. TPX paddles rbooi@umich.edu )
The electronic and magnetic properties of rubredoxine a low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism study

Abstract Oxidized rubredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum has been investigated by magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy over the temperature range 1.5 to 150 K and at magnetic fields between 0 and 4.5 tesla. The results show that studies of the temperature and field dependence of MCD transitions afford insight into the polarization of electronic transitions for ground states with large g-value anisotropy, in addition to estimates of ground-state g values and zero-field splitting parameters. In agreement with the assignment made by Eaton and Lovenberg (Eaton, W.A. and Lovenberg, W. (1973) in Iron-Sulfur Proteins, Vol. II (Lovenberg, W., ed.), pp. 131–162, Academic Press, New York), the ultraviolet-visible spectrum of oxidized rubredoxin is assigned to two S → Fe(III) charge transfer transitions (both 6 A 1 → 6 T 2 under tetrahedral symmetry), each spanning a range of 650-430 nm and 430-330 nm, respectively. The observed splitting in each of these transitions is attributed to a predominant axial distortion in the excited state resulting in effective D2d symmetry.
Bootstrapped extraction of class attributes

As an alternative to previous studies on extracting class attributes from unstructured text, which consider either Web documents or query logs as the source of textual data, A bootstrapped method extracts class attributes simultaneously from both sources, using a small set of seed attributes. The method improves extraction precision and also improves attribute relevance across 40 test classes.
Space Architecture for Industrial-Scale Space Solar Power

Of the potential strategic goals human space flight might adopt in the 21st century, the one least examined is industrial development of geosynchronous orbit to produce electrical power for Earth. Integrated system requirements for large-scale operations that could provide a significant fraction of terrestrial grid power are comparatively unstudied; among the unstudied system requirements are those for Space Architecture. The spacefaring population likely required to support even aggressively robotic space solar power industrialization scenarios—up to hundreds of professional space workers—is distinct from other population types: space tourists in low Earth orbit; small, deep-space exploration crews; or lunar settlers. What space solar power workers would need in the way of Space Architecture is therefore distinct, and additive to the types of systems needed for other spacefaring objectives like 2030s tourism and early lunar operations. The paper explores and bounds the nature of Space Architecture system requirements to support full-scale implementation of a space-based power industry. Habitable-system requirements are derived for geosynchronous industrial operations (e.g., transportation, mobility, construction, maintenance) and living (e.g., habitation, assembly, recreation, tourism), based on physical, psychological, and sociological drivers. The paper assesses applicability to these requirements of demonstrated system capabilities, yielding a technology-development agenda that could support the habitation needs.
Preventing Youth Problem Behaviors and Enhancing Physical Health by Promoting Core Competencies

Abstract Objectives The purpose of the present study was to investigate the longitudinal relations between specific core competencies, problem behaviors, and physical health among adolescents. Methods The study used two waves of data collected 1 year apart from the Add Health data set. The Add Health data set is a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12. A total of 14,010 respondents were included in this study. There were two outcomes that were examined in this study: problem behavior (as observed by seven different behaviors), and health (general health and physical problems). Results We found that problem behavior and health outcomes were two distinct behavioral patterns that were related to one another. The two outcomes also shared common developmental predictors. Conclusions Our findings suggest that a focus on core competencies is an important target for preventive interventions; among the competencies measured low self-control was the strongest single predictor of problem behaviors and adverse health outcomes.
Estimating Alongshore Sediment Transport and the Nodal Point Location on the Delaware–Maryland Coast

An approach to estimating sediment transport along the Delaware–Maryland coast is described. Wave information study (second generation model, WISWAVE 2.0) hindcast frequency-direction spectra from 1980 to 1999 are used to generate a radiation stress-conserving angle for bringing offshore waves to breaking to estimate alongshore sediment transport. Using standard values for the coefficients in the United States Army Corps of Engineers’ Coastal Engineering Research Center (CERC) equation yields 20-year mean alongshore sediment transport rates between 470,942 and −517,088 m3 /year depending on alongshore location after shoaling waves to shore. Interannual variability is large with SDs between 95,078 and 241,313 m3 /year again depending on alongshore location. Alongshore sediment transport rate estimates are commensurate with past studies using WIS data but overpredict the typically cited value of ∼100,000 m3 /year near Indian River Inlet, Delaware based on sediment budget data by a factor of 3–4. This ove...
Provider Recommendations in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty: An Analysis of Audio-Recorded Discussions about Vitamin D

Little is known about how providers communicate recommendations when scientific uncertainty exists. To compare provider recommendations to those in the scientific literature, with a focus on whether uncertainty was communicated. Qualitative (inductive systematic content analysis) and quantitative analysis of previously collected audio-recorded provider–patient office visits. Sixty-one providers and a socio-economically diverse convenience sample of 603 of their patients from outpatient community- and academic-based primary care, integrative medicine, and complementary and alternative medicine provider offices in Southern California. Comparison of provider information-giving about vitamin D to professional guidelines and scientific information for which conflicting recommendations or insufficient scientific evidence exists; certainty with which information was conveyed. Ninety-two (15.3 %) of 603 visit discussions touched upon issues related to vitamin D testing, management and benefits. Vitamin D deficiency screening was discussed with 23 (25 %) patients, the definition of vitamin D deficiency with 21 (22.8 %), the optimal range for vitamin D levels with 26 (28.3 %), vitamin D supplementation dosing with 50 (54.3 %), and benefits of supplementation with 46 (50 %). For each of the professional guidelines/scientific information examined, providers conveyed information that deviated from professional guidelines and the existing scientific evidence. Of 166 statements made about vitamin D in this study, providers conveyed 160 (96.4 %) with certainty, without mention of any equivocal or contradictory evidence in the scientific literature. No uncertainty was mentioned when vitamin D dosing was discussed, even when recommended dosing was higher than guideline recommendations. Providers convey the vast majority of information and recommendations about vitamin D with certainty, even though the scientific literature contains inconsistent recommendations and declarations of inadequate evidence. Not communicating uncertainty blurs the contrast between evidence-based recommendations and those without evidence. Providers should explore best practices for involving patients in decision-making by acknowledging the uncertainty behind their recommendations.
Increase in Activity and Selectivity in Catalysis via Surface Modification with Self-Assembled Monolayers

Selectivity has become a critical consideration in the design of catalysts, but increases in selectivity are typically achieved at the expense of overall activity. Here we report on a unique case where the addition of alkyl thiol self-assembled monolayers to colloidal platinum nanoparticles leads to significant improvements in both activity and selectivity during the hydrogenation of α-keto esters with cinchonidine as a chiral modifier. These catalytic improvements may be explained by a kinetic effect in which the cinchonidine residence time on the surface is increased by the thiol self-assembled layers. More nuanced compromises between activity and selectivity are involved when using supported catalysts, but reasonable performances are still possible with Pt/Al2O3 catalysts treated with cinchonidine-derivatized thiols. Indeed, these all-heterogeneous catalysts can promote the α-keto ester hydrogenation reaction with almost the same enantioselectivity as the best naked supported Pt catalyst without the ne...
Effect of Ligand Coordination on the Structures and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Activity of Manganese Vanadate Hybrids

A new manganese–vanadate hybrid structure, Mn(H2O)(bpy)V2O6 (I; bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), has been synthesized via hydrothermal methods and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction [P21/n, Z = 4, a = 6.8557(4) A, b = 10.4900(6) A, c = 19.7921(13) A, β = 96.419(4)°], infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, magnetic susceptibility measurements, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance. The structure is comprised of manganese vanadate layers with 2,2’-bipyridine ligands coordinated to the Mn(II) cations. The water molecules coordinated to the manganese sites can be reversibly desorbed at ∼190 °C with the formation of a new hybrid structure before then further decomposing to MnV2O6 upon heating to 300 °C. Notably, I undergoes a reversible structural transformation to Mn(bpy)V4O11(bpy) (II) under hydrothermal conditions. This structural transformation results from additional bpy-ligand coordination to 1/4 of the vanadium sites. Magnetic data indicate Mn(II) cations in both I and II are high spin (S = 5...
A characterization of the unsteady velocity field aft of the F109 turbofan rotor

An experimental investigation of the unsteady velocity field aft of the fan in an AlliedSignal F109 turbofan engine wss performed. Phase-locked, unsteady, velocity data were collected downstream of the F109 fan at five azimuthal locations, two axial locations, and three fan RPM. Extensive reduction of these data demonstrated unique, unsteady, velocity waveform characteristics at each axial measurement location and fan RPM. A simple analytical model was developed, in which a vertical and potential field interaction was assumed, to analytically reproduce these observed waveform characteristics. The results from the model showed that the observed chsracteristics could be consistently duplicated at each axial location and fan RPM. As such, identification of the waveform characteristics, and their subsequent modeling, confirms the existence of a strong vertical and potential interaction occurring in the velocity field aft of the fan in the F109 engine; a conclusion previously inferred from unsteady pressure-response data collected on the F109 stator vanes.
Multi-lineage response to a combination of gingerol and curcumin in low risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

5528 Management of lower risk MDS patients who are still transfusion-independent has not been extensively examined, therapy being typically withheld until patients either become transfusion-dependent or show signs of disease progression. Low intensity therapies could be tried in these patients for two potential benefits; to improve the cytopenias and to determine of intervention at this early stage could arrest and/or reverse the expansion of the abnormal clone. We combined curcumin, the major active ingredient of the spice turmeric, which interferes with a host of cell signals and has anti-cancer, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-oxidant properties, with gingerol, the active constituent of ginger, which is anti-leukemic, anti-bcl-2, inhibits EGF-induced transformation and prevents the development of colon cancer cells, to treat 9 patients with low or Int-1 risk MDS on a clinical trial. Curcumin was administered in an incremental dosing schedule starting with 2.0 Gm in 4 divided doses/day, increasing to 8 Gm/day and Gingerol 350mg bid increasing to 1.4Gm/day (supplied by Sami Labs, NJ). The high dose of ginger-curcumin has been very well tolerated with little or no side effects. The preliminary results have been very encouraging. Patients have been followed for 4-18 months and included 7 males and 2 females with 6 RA, 2 RARS, and 1 unclassified. One patient has been lost to follow-up, 2 are too early for response evaluation (done every six months), but of the 6 remaining patients 4 have shown overall hematologic improvement (HI) with 3 showing trilineage improvement. Two patients had stable disease. In conclusion, the curcumin/gingerol combination is well tolerated and potentially beneficial for early stage MDS patients who are not transfusion dependent.
Improvement of ETSFS algorithm for secure database

In the present era, one of the major encounters is data security. Most organizations store their data in huge databases that enables uncomplicated retrieval, manipulations, and also helps in an efficient way of sharing. Database security has now become a more dynamic issue as data is the greatest asset to any organization. Due to the rapid increase in the database usage, it is vulnerable to many threats like unauthorized access etc. To overcome these issues, numerous security techniques have emerged to protect the data in databases. Database encryption — a security technique involves various encryption algorithms such as, Data Encryption Standard (DES), Triple DES and Enhanced-Transposition-Substitution-Folding-Shifting (ETSFS). Each of them has its specific merits and demerits. Unlike ETSFS, has constraint on data size and number of special characters, the proposed method improvement focuses on the encryption of large data considering all types of special characters and a random generator is used for generating keys in substitution phase. The proposed methodology of the paper focused on the future work of the ETSFS algorithm and successfully implemented for securing database with the comparison of the insert and select queries of the four encryption algorithms (AES, DES, ETSFS, and Enhanced ETSFS).
Dynamic ultrasound and treadling: novel approaches to assess and improve lower extremity circulation.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel treatment of peripheral vascular disease through treadling and to report a dynamic vascular ultrasound technique. After informed consent, 17 volunteers were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound was used to measure venous and arterial waveforms at the superficial femoral artery and vein in the subject's right thigh during a 5-minute baseline evaluation (resting), a 10-minute treadling period, and a 5-minute cool down period. Comparisons between flow velocities were made during the three trial periods using a Repeated Measures Mixed Linear Model test with P 0.05). There were no untoward side effects, and all subjects were able to complete the protocol. Low-resistance treadling is safe and improves venous and arterial flow. Dynamic peripheral ultrasonography is a viable technique to assess flow during treadling. Potential future implications of this study include the evaluation, treatment, and management of lower extremity vascular and chronic diseases and more sensitive peripheral vascular sonography through dynamic ultrasound.
A Disease-Associated Microbial and Metabolomics State in Relatives of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients

Background & Aims Microbes may increase susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by producing bioactive metabolites that affect immune activity and epithelial function. We undertook a family based study to identify microbial and metabolic features of IBD that may represent a predisease risk state when found in healthy first-degree relatives. Methods Twenty-one families with pediatric IBD were recruited, comprising 26 Crohn’s disease patients in clinical remission, 10 ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission, and 54 healthy siblings/parents. Fecal samples were collected for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry metabolomics, and calprotectin measurement. Individuals were grouped into microbial and metabolomics states using Dirichlet multinomial models. Multivariate models were used to identify microbes and metabolites associated with these states. Results Individuals were classified into 2 microbial community types. One was associated with IBD but irrespective of disease status, had lower microbial diversity, and characteristic shifts in microbial composition including increased Enterobacteriaceae, consistent with dysbiosis. This microbial community type was associated similarly with IBD and reduced microbial diversity in an independent pediatric cohort. Individuals also clustered bioinformatically into 2 subsets with shared fecal metabolomics signatures. One metabotype was associated with IBD and was characterized by increased bile acids, taurine, and tryptophan. The IBD-associated microbial and metabolomics states were highly correlated, suggesting that they represented an integrated ecosystem. Healthy relatives with the IBD-associated microbial community type had an increased incidence of elevated fecal calprotectin. Conclusions Healthy first-degree relatives can have dysbiosis associated with an altered intestinal metabolome that may signify a predisease microbial susceptibility state or subclinical inflammation. Longitudinal prospective studies are required to determine whether these individuals have a clinically significant increased risk for developing IBD.